EMSL-LV-0539-35
BIOTRANSPORT OF TRANSURANIUM RADIONUCLIDES
IN DAIRY ANIMALS: A Data Summary
This work was performed under
Memorandum of Understanding No. EY-76-A-08-0539
for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
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EMSL-LV-0539-35
BIOTRANSPORT Oh TRANSURANIUM RADIONUCLIDES
IN DAIRY ANIMALS: A Data Summary
by
W. W. Sutton, R. G. Patzer, and G. D. Potter
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. ENIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
October 1979
This work was performed under
Memorandum of Understanding No. EY-76-A-08-0539
for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT Of LNERGY
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CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Methods and Materials 2
Discussion 8
References 10
Data Base References 10
Body and Tissue Weight References 12
Appendix A 13
Appendix B 28
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INTRODUCTION
Because of the long physical and biological half lives of many of the
transuranium ^adionuclides, because of their relatively high toxicity and
because of thei- increasing worldwide inventory and distribution, it is
imperative that their potential hazard to humans be assessed. To this end, in
recent years, the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas,
Nevada (EMSL-LV) has carried out a series of studies on the biological
transport of plutonium, americium, neptunium, and curium in lactating dairy
cattle and goats. Ruminants in general and cattle in particular form one of
the more important links in the human food chain. Milk and milk products
constitute a significant portion of the human diet, especially for children.
In addition, beef, which also forms an important fraction of the diet in the
United States, is in part derived from culled dairy animals.
This summary consists of a compilation of detailed data from a series of
previously published studies. It has been prepared to present the data from
all of these studies in a single source to be used by regulatory agencies in
their transport modeling and hazard assessment activities. Selected source
materials for the data presented in this document have been published either
in the Proceedings of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) or as EMSL-LV
publications and are listed in the References section. The references listed
there have been categorized as "Data Base References" and "Body Weight and
Tissue Weight References."
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Most of the studies covered in this report were conducted at an
experimental farm in Area 15 of the Nevada Test Site. Pertinent experimental
parameters for individual animals are summarized in Table 1, and each animal
is referenced to the appropriate appendix table(s) where results for the
individual animals are presented. The radionuclide content of tissue or
biological product for each animal is expressed as a percentage of the
administered dose per gram of tissue or product.
Oral doses were placed in gelatin capsules containing either cellulose
fiber or starch as absorbants and were administered to the animal by means of
a balling gun. Intravenous doses were made up to approximately 5 ml in volume
and were administered by jugular venipuncture. No adjustments of intravenous
or oral dose were made for individual variations in animal weight.
Prior o beginning each experiment, animals were placed in metabolism
stalls. Daily milk, urine, and fecal samples, as well as frequent blood
1
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TABLE 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE DAIRY ANIMALS DOSED WITH EITHER
PLUTONIUM (P), AMERICIUM (A), CURIUM (C), OR NEPTUNIUM (N)
Approx.
Animal Weight
Number (kg)
Nuclide Dose
Sacrifice Average Daily Output
Time Post- During Experiment Table No.
Treatment (kg) in
(days) Milk Urine Feces Appendix B
cow 45 625
cow 87 652
cow 128 686
cow 39 677
goat 2P 42.7
cow 117 658
cow 122 658
cow 134 807
cow 185 547
cow 119 843
cow 179 764
Single oral dose
3 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single oral dose 93
3 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single oral dose
3 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single oral dose 93
3 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single intravenous dose 30
50 pCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Chronic oral dose 73
1 mCi/day, 19 days,
plutonium-238 dioxide
Chronic oral dose 42
1 mCi/cay, 19 days,
plutonium-238 dioxide
Chronic oral dose 73
1 mCi/day, 19 days,
plutonium-238 dioxide
Chronic oral dose 42
1 mCi/day, 19 days,
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single intravenous dose 6
16.0 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single intravenous dose 6
16.3 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
19.7 17.2 23.8 B-6
24.7 21.4 26.7 B-7
21.5 15.7 22.3 B-4
16.1 14.1 18.5 B-5, B-7
2.4 2.9 0.8 B-l, B-2, B-3
25.8 23.9 24.3 B-8, B-12
27.0 22.0 23.9 B-9, B-12
14.5 24.1 26.9 B-10, B-12
16.0 16.0 17.3 B-ll, B-12
14.3 14.0 11.9 B-13, B-17
18.3 24.2 20.6 B-14, B-17
(continued)
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TABLE 1. (Continued)
Approx.
Animal Weight
Number (kg) NuclideDose
Sacrifice Average Daily Output
Time Post- During Experiment Table No.
Treatment (kg) in
(days) Milk Urine Feces Appendix B
cow 123 863
cow 128 736
cow 256 596
cow 344 736
goat 1C 37.5
goat 2C 35.5
goat 3C 49.5
goat 4C 52.0
goat 5C 39.0
goat 6C 33.0
cow 269 568
Single intravenous dose 13
17.5 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single intravenous dose 13
16.6 mCi citrate-buffered
plutonium-238 nitrate
Single oral dose 7
39.6 mCi
curium-243 chloride
Single intravenous dose 7
1.12 mCi citrate-buffered
curium-243 chloride
Single oral dose 7
200 yCi
curium-243 chloride
Single oral dose 7
200 pCi
curium-243 chloride
Single oral dose 7
200 yCi
curium-243 chloride
Single intravenous dose 7
20.8 pCi citrate-buffered
curium-243 chloride
Single intravenous dose 7
20.8 yCi citrate-buffered
curium-243 chloride
Single intravenous dose 7
20.8 yCi citrate-buffered
curium-243 chloride
15.9 15.5 18.0 B-15, B-17
16.9 25.9 25.9 B-16, B-17
8.7
1.3
7.6 10.7 B-25, B-27
12.7 17.8 20.2 B-26, B-27
1.0 0.8 B-18, B-24
Single oral dose
41.7 mCi
americium-241 chloride
8
1.2 0.9 0.7 B-19, B-24
1.5 1.3 0.8 B-20, B-24
1.5 1.4 0.9 B-21, B-24
0.9 0.8 0.3 B-22, B-24
1.1 1.0 0.6 B-23, B-24
9.4 11.2 20.6 B-35, B-37
(continued)
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TABLE 1. (Continued)
Approx.
Animal Weight
Number (kg) Nuclide Dose
Sacrifice
Time Post-
Treatment
(days)
Average Daily Output
During Experiment
(kg)
Milk Urine Feces
Table No.
in
Appendix B
cow 281 582
cow 184 677
cow 280 518
goat 1A 29.5
goat 2A 40.5
goat 4A 30.9
goat 5A 40.5
goat IN 40.2
goat 2N 47.8
goat 3N 52.8
cow 351 555
Single oral dose
41.7 mCi
americium-241 chloride
Single intravenous dose
0.96 mCi citrate-buffered
americium-241 chloride
Single intravenous dose
0.96 mCi citrate-buffered
americium-241 chloride
Single oral dose
1.91 mCi
americium-241 nitrate
Single oral dose
1.91 mCi
americium-241 nitrate
Single intravenous dose
41.7 pCi citrate-buffered
americium-241 nitrate
Single intravenous dose
41.7 yCi citrate-buffered
americium-241 nitrate
Single oral dose
318.5 pCi
neptunium-234 chloride
Single oral dose
425.7 yCi
neptunium-234 chloride
Single intravenous dose
86.2 yCi citrate-buffered
neptunium-234 chloride
Single oral dose
1.73 mCi 239Pu oxide
1.62 mCi 239PU oxide
in same particles
8 15.1 11.7 14.5 B-36, B-37
20.3 20.3 30.3 B-34, B-37
9.8 10.1 14.0 B-33, B-37
1.5 1.4 0.6 B-28, B-32
1.6 1.9 0.9 B-29, B-32
2.6 3.4 1.4 B-30, B-32
1.9 1.5 0.8 B-31, B-32
0.9 1.5 0.9 B-38, B-41
0.9 2.2 0.7 B-39, B-41
2.1 1.8 1.2 B-40, B-41
18.8 27.4 34.3
B-42, B-43,
B-46
(continued)
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TABLE 1. (Continued)
Animal
Number
cow 349
Approx.
Weight
(kg)
627
Nucl
Singl
2.30
ide
Dose
e oral
mCi
2 i
dose
"Pu oxide
Sacrifice
Time Post-
Treatment
(days)
7
Average
During
Daily
Output
Experiment
(ku)
Milk Urine
14.3
25.8
Feces
29.0
Table No.
in
Appendix
B
B-42, B-44
B-46
cow 352 636
2.16 mCi 239Pu oxide
in same'particles
Single oral dose
43.3 mCi 23ePu oxide
1.38 mCi 239Pu oxide
in same particles
14.3
26.1 33.9
B-42, B-45
B-46
samples, were taken beginning at least 1 day prior to dosing and continuing
throughout the experimental period. Each cow was catheterized with an
indwelling inflatable urinary catheter, and the urine was collected
through a polyethylene tube that drained into a 20-liter plastic bottle.
A polyethylene-lined pan placed under the metal grid at the rear of each stall
facilitated collection of feces. Milk was collected with individual bucket
milkers twice daily. Blood samples were taken by jugular venipuncture. All
urine, milk and fecal collections were weighed and, for some of the studies,
morning and evening collections were combined into a single 24-hour composite
for each animal. Composites were mixed by shaking thoroughly in plastic
containers. Weighed subsamples were then taken from each composite and placed
in individual containers with formaldehyde added as a preservative. Large
fecal collections were mixed in a 30-quart Hobart food mixer.
The goats were maintained under conditions similar to those of the cows
but in small, elevated metabolism stalls that permitted ready access for hand
milking. Urine was collected by catheter, and fecal pellets were collected in
a tray. Occasionally, the pellets had to be ground in an electric meat
grinder to homogenize or mix the daily fecal collections.
Cows and goats were sacrificed by an intravenous euthanasia solution.
Each animal was weighed at time of sacrifice and partially exsanguinated
before tissue samples were collected. Organs and tissues were removed from
the animals within 60 minutes of sacrifice. Extraneous adipose tissue or
muscle was trimmed from the samples, formaldehyde was added as a preservative,
and each sample was sealed in an appropriate container. Total weights were
taken on most organs so that the percentage of the administered dose retained
by a specific tissue or organ could be calculated. When this was not
practical, for example, in the case of muscle, bone, or blood, total nuclide
content was based on extrapolated organ weights using the respective
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percentage of body weiyht reported by Davis et a\_. (1975), Smith and Baldwin
(1974), and Mathews ei al_. (1975), Nuclide concentrations in the various bone
samples were averaged in order to estimate retention in bone. However,
specific data for individual bone types are reported wherever they are
available.
Appropriate spiked standards for feces, milk, urine, plasma, blood cells,
distilled water, and either agar or animal tissue were prepared for ed
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REFERENCES
DATA BASE REFERENCES
Mullen, A. A., S. R. Lloyd, R. E. Mosley, G. D. Potter and R. G. Patzer.
1977- "Absorption, Distribution, and Milk Secretion of Neptunium in the Dairy
Goat." j_n Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. M. G. White, P. B. Dunaway and
D. L. Wireman, Eds. USDOE-NVO-181. pp. 267-297.
Patzer, R. G., A. A. Mullen, W. W. Sutton, G. D. Potter and R. E. Mosley.
1979. "Comparison of Plutonium-238 and Plutonium-239 Metabolism in Dairy Cows
Following Ingestion of Mixed Plutonium Oxides." (In preparation).
Patzer, R. G., W. W. Sutton, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1977. "Comparisons
of Curium-243 and Plutonium-238 Biological Transport in Dairy Animals
Following Intravenous Injection." pp. 243-266. Jjn Transuranics in Desert
Ecosystems. M. G. White, P. B. Dunaway and D. L. Wireman, Eds.
USDOE-NVO-181.
Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer and W. W. Sutton. 1974. "Absorption,
Distribution, and Excretion of Plutonium in Dairy Cattle." Jji The Dynamics of
Plutonium in Desert Environments. P- B. Dunaway and M. G. White, Eds.
USAEC-NVO-142. pp. 163-185.
Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer and W. W. Sutton. 1975. "Absorption,
Distribution and Excretion of Plutonium in Dairy Cattle." Jji The Radioecology
of Plutonium and Other Transuranics in Desert Environments." M. G. White and
P. B. Dunaway, Eds. USERDA-NVO-153. pp. 97-124.
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1977- "Bovine
Transport and Retention of Plutonium-238 with Special Emphasis on the
Gastrointestinal Uptake of In Vivo Labeled Milk." ^n Environmental Plutonium
on the Nevada Test Site and Environs. M. G. White, P. B. Dunaway, and W. A.
Howard, Eds. USERDA-171. pp. 179-192.
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1977. "Plutonium
Retention in Dairy Calves Following Ingestion of Either In Vivo Labeled or In
Vitro Labeled Milk." Ir± Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. M. G. White,
P. B. Dunaway and D. L. Wireman, Eds. USDOE-NVO-181. pp. 229-241.
Sutton, W. W., and A. A. Mullen. 1977. "Transport of Plutonium via Food
Products of Animal Origin." Jji Transuranics in Natural Environments. M. G.
White and P- B. 'Dunaway, Eds. USERDA-NVO-178. pp. 435-448.
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Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, A. A. Mullen, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1978.
"Metabolism o^ Americium-241 In Dairy Animals." EMSL-LV-0539-22. 24 pp.
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, A. A. Mullen, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1978.
"Metabolism o^ Americium-241 In Dairy Animals." Proceedings report in
USDOE-NVO-192. pp. 19-43.
Sutton, W. W., k. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn and G. D. Potter. 1978. "Biological
Transport of Curium-243 in Dairy Animals." EMSL-LV-0539-23. 23 pp.
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P- B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter. 1977. "Biological
Transport of Curiurn-243 in Lactating Dairy Goats." Jhn Environmental Plutonium
on the Nevada Test Site Environs. M. G. White, P- B. Dunaway and W. A.
Howard, Eds. USERDA-NVO-171. pp. 167-178.
BODY WEIGHT AND TISSUE WEIGHT REFERENCES
Davis, C. N., L. E. Davis and T. E. Powers. 1975. "Comparative Body
Compositions of the Dog and Goat." Am. J. Vet. Res. 36:309-311.
Mathews, C. A., W. W. Swett and R. E. McDowell. 1975. "External Form and
Internal Anatomy of Holsteins and Jerseys." J. Dairy Sci. 58:1453-1475.
Smith, N. E., and R. L. Baldwin. 1974. "Effects of Breed, Pregnancy and
Lactation on Weight of Organs and Tissues in Dairy Cattle." J. Dairy Sci.
57:1055-1060.
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APPENDIX A
This Appendix consists of 25 summary and comparative tables relative to
the uptake and transport of neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium in
milk, blood, urine, and feces. These tables also report tissue concentrations
of the four transuranium radionuclides. Values reported in Appendix A are
generally mean values for each nuclide obtained from one or more studies.
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TABLE A-l. NUMBERS OF LACTATING ANIMALS AND TIMES AT WHICH THEY WERE
SLAUGHTERED FOLLOWING A SINGLE ACUTE RADIONUCLIDE DOSE
Number of Animals
Nuclide Oral Dose Intravenous Dose
2
2
2
2
2
Cow
3epu 4
"3Cm 1
1(1 Am 2
3"Np **
38,239,,
PU 0
Goat Cow
** 4
3 1
2 2
o **
** **
Goat
1
3
2
1
**
Approximate Sacrifice Tine
Oral Dose Intravenous Dose
Cow Goat
3 mo **
1 w 1 w
1 w 1 w
*" 1 w
1 w **
Cow
1 w
1 w
1 w
**
**
(ioat
1
1
1
1
**
mo
w
w
w
**
No single oral plutonium doses were given to dairy goats; no oral or
intravenous neptunium doses were given to dairy cows; and oral doses of
mixed plutonium-238 and plutOfiium-239 were given to dairy cows.
TABLE A-2. GROSS ESTIMATE OF NUCLIDE UPTAKE IN DAIRY ANIMALS
FOLLOWING ORAL DOSES OF EITHER PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241,
CURIUM-243, OR NEPTUNIUM-234*
Animal
Nuclide
% of Oral Dose Absorbed
Goats
citrate-buffered
plutonium nitrate
plutonium dioxide
americium chloride
curium chloride
americium nitrate
curium chloride
citrate-buffered
neptunium chloride
2.5 x 10-2
3.0 x 10-3
1.4 < 10-2
2.0 x ID'2
1.4 x 10-2
6.0 x 10-3
4.8 x ID'1
* Mean approximation of gastrointestinal absorption composed of (1) total
nuclide transport to milk and urine, (2) recovered activity estimate for
animal carcass, and (3) the extrapolated amount of absorbed nuclide return
to the digestive tract
10
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TABLE A-3. NUCLIDE RETENTION IN THE SKELETON OF DAIRY COWS FOLLOWING EITHER
ORAL OR INTRAVENOUS DOSES OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, OR CURIUM-243
(Values expressed as a percentage of the administered dose*)
Nuclide
Plutonium
nitrate
(single)
oral dose)
Americium
chl orido
(single
oral dose)
Curium
chloride
( s i ng 1 e
oral dose)
Plutonium
dioxide
(multiple
oral dose)
Plutonium
nitrate
(single
I.V. dose)
Americium
chloride
(single
I.V. dose)
Curium
chloride
(single
I.V. dose)
Animal
Number
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
39
87
269
281
256
122
185
117
134
119
179
123
128
184
280
344
Sacrifice
Time
(days)
93
93
8
8
7
42
42
73
73
6
6
13
13
9
9
7
Extrapolated** Fxtrapolated***
% of Dose °t, nf Dose
Retained Bones Used for in Bono Cased
in Skeleton Percentage Calculation Only on Femur
Concentration
6.4 x
1.1 X
5.3 x
6.0 x
1.1 x
1.3 x
2.0 x
1.6 x
1.9 x
57.
53.
40.
36.
44.
56.
10-3
10-2
lO-3
10-3
10-2
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
3
2
9
1
5
4
58.6
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur ,
Femur,
Femur ,
Fenur,
Femur.
Femur ,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
Femur,
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
sternun
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
rib, vertebra
sternum
sternum
sternum
sternum
rib, sternum, vertebra
rib, sternum, vertebra
Sternum
1.4 x 10-3
3.4 x 10-3
4.3 x ID'3
4.1 x lO-3
6. P. x ID'3
2.7. x 10-''
2.4 x 10-'«
4.9 x 1Q-1*
6.5 x 10-1*
R.I
5.3
10.3
7.R
43.4
40.6
43.6
* Percentage of dose retained in bone
(average nuclide concentration in bone)(17% of empty body weight) ,nn
(administered dose)* JU
** Values used for average nuclide concentration in bone based on indicated bone samples
*** Values used for average nuclide concentration in hone based on femur samples only
(These extrapolations are not considered to be an accurate representation of skeletal retention hut
are presented for comparative purposes. Femur samples were the only bone collections common to all
treatment groups.)
11
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TABLE A-4. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, AND CURIUM-?43
RETENTION IN DAIRY COW TISSUES APPROXIMATELY 1 WEEK AFTER THE ANIMALS HAD
RECEIVED SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE INJECTIONS (Values expressed as mean
percentage of the dose* per gran of tissue)
Ti ssue
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Li ver
Kidney
Lung
Spleen
Thyroid
Mu sc 1 e
Mamma ry
Heart
PI utonium
2
8
8
o
c.
3
4
2
3
r>
L.
3
9
.6
.3
.3
.5
.0
.4
.0
.4
.6
.2
.6
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10 -5
10 -5
10-"
10-3
10-"
10-*
10-*
10-"
io-5
10-"
ID'5
Americium
3
6
6
3
1
2
2
7
1
4
2
.1
.1
.8
.8
.2
.6
.7
.1
.9
.8
.9
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
io-*
10-"
10-*
io-3
IO-3
10-"
10-"
10- 5
io- =
10-"
io-*
Curium
3.4
4.2
6.4
2.5
9.9
2.2
2.9
1.0
9.4
2.4
2.1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
io-*
io-*
10-"
10-3
io-»
10-"
10'*
io-*
io-«
io-*
1C'"
* Citrate-buffered doses of either plutonium nitrate, americium nitrate, or
curium chloride
TABLE A-5. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, AND CURIUM-243
RETENTION IN DAIRY COWS FOLLOWING ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose per gran of tissue)
Tissue or
Organ
Li ver
Femur
Sternum
Vertebra
Rib
Kidney
Lung
Muscle
Spleen
Heart
Plutonium
Nitrate
(93 d)*
2.7 x 10- 7
2.3 x IO-8
-
9.0 x ID'8
1.3 x IO-7
9.9 x IO-9
1.2 x lO-8
4.2 x IO-9
2.4 x lO-8
1.8 x lO-8
Plutoni urn
Dioxide
(42 d)*
5.3 x lO-8
2.5 x IO-9
-
2.7 x ID"8
2.4 x ID'8
4.7 x ID'9
3.9 x IO-9
3.3 x 10-10
8.4 x IO-9
1.8 x IO-9
Plutonium
Dioxide
(73 d)*
5.8 x lO-8
5.0 x IO-9
-
2.6 x IO-8
1.5 x lO-8
4.9 x ID'9
3.2 x IO-9
3.5 x IO-10
6.9 x IO-9
1.0 x IO-9
Americium
Nitrate
(8 d)*
4.3 x IO-7
4.7 x ID'8
8.7 x ID'8
7.3 x ID"8
4.5 x ID'8
1.5 x IO-7
5.2 x ID'8
3.6 x ID'9
3.3 x lO-8
7.3 x ID'9
Curium
Chloride
(7 d)*
6.6 x IO-7
7.4 x IO-8
1.6 x ID'7
-
3.1 x 10~7
6.9 x ID'8
3.8 x IO-9
5.8 x ID'8
8.0 x lO-8
Sacrifice time in days after dosing
12
-------
TABLE A-6. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, ATID CURIUM-243, RETENTION IN ORGANS OF
DAIRY COWS (Values expressed as mean percentage of dose retained per organ)
Tissue or
Organ
Liver 1.
Bone 8.
Kidney 2.
Lung 7.
Muscle 1.
Spleen 2.
Heart 5.
Oral Nuclide Dose
Intravenous Nuclide Dose
Plutonian Plutonium Plutonium Anericium Curium
Nitrate Dioxide Dioxide Chloride
(93 d)* (42 d)* (73 d)* (8 d)*
8 x ID"3 5.3 x 10-" 6.2 x 10.-" 4.1 x 10"3
7 x ID'3 1.7 x ID'3 1.8 x ID"3 5.7 x 10"3
2 x lO'3 7.5 x 10-6 9.6 x 1Q-6 3.R x 10""
4 x 10-9 2.3 x 10-5 2.0 x 10'5 2.8 x 10'"
3 x 10-3 2.3 x 10-3 1.2 x 10-" 9.6 x 10-"
4 x 10-5 7.7 x 10-6 7.3 x 10-6 7.8 x 10-s
9 x 10-5 2.4 x 10-6 3.7 x 10'6 2.6 x 10""
Chloride
(7 d)*
6.9 x 10-3
1.1 x 10-2
5.2 x 10-"
3.3 x 10-"
1.0 x lO-3
1.1 x 10-"
2.5 x 10-"
Plutonium
Nitrate
(6 d)*
32.5
55.3
8.2 x 10-1
2.8
9.5
2.8 x 10-1
3.1 x 10-'
Plutonium Americum
Nitrate Chlnridr
(13 d)* (9 d)*
33.7 40. R
38.5 50.5
i.n 2.1
2.9 1.7
3.5 5.4
2.4 x 10-1 7.0 x 10-'
1.9 x 10-1 g.g x 10->
Curium
Chloride
(7 d)*
2Q.1
58.6
3.n
1.4
3.2
7.^ x 10-1
7.5 x 10-!
* Sacrifice
TABLE A- 7.
IN
time in days after dosing
COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICI
UM-241, CURIUM-243, AND
DAIRY GOATS (Values expressed as mean percentage
NEPTUNIUM-234 RETENTION
of dose retained per organ)
Tissue or
Organ
Liver
Cone
Kidney
Lung
Muscle
Spleen
Heart
Oral Dose
Americium Curium neptunium
Nitrate Chloride Chloride
(8 d)* (7 d)* (5 d)*
5.4 x 10-^ 1.7 x lO-3 1.4 x ID'2
1.7 x 10-3 3.1 x 10-3 7.3 x 1C-3
1.5 x 10-" 1.1 x 10-" 6.3 x ID"3
1.0 x 10-" 8.7 x ID"5 4.0 x 10-"
6.7 x 10-" 2.3 x 10-" 1.1 x 10-2
8.0 x 10-6 1.8 x 10-5 5.0 x 10-"
1.9 x ID'5 1.9 x 10-" 2.8 x 10-5
Intravenous Dose
Plutonium
Nitrate
(30 d)*
24.6
*+
**
7.3 x 10-2
1.3
3.1 x 10-2
3.4 x 10-2
Americium
Nitratf
(8 d)*
47.4
12.7
9.0 x lO-1
5.0 x lO-1
4.4
4.0 x 10-1
l.P x 10-1
Curium
Chloride
(7 d)*
37.2
18.7
1.6 9
7.3 x 10-' 2
4.9 9
8.8 x ID'2 5
3.1 x 10-1 5
leptunium
Chloride
(5 d)*
fi.fi
?r.n
.9 x 10-'
.1 < in-i
.3 x 10-'
.4 x 10-?
.? x lO"2
* Sacrifice time in days after dosing
** Limited data available
-------
TABLE A-8. TRANSPORT OF PLUTONIUM-238 TO BOVINE MILK, URINE, AND FECES
FOLLOWING ORAL PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE DOSES OF 1 mCi PER ANIMAL PER DAY
FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
Sample Peak Concentration
(% daily dose per g)
Time of
Peak Concentration
(dosing day)
Total Nuclide
Transport*
<<, of total dose]
Cow 117 :
Milk
Urine
Feces
Cow 122:
Milk
Urine
Feces
Cow 134:
Milk
Urine
Feces
Cow 185:
Milk
Urine
Feces
3
1
6
8
1
7
2
1
6
5
1
8
• ^
.9
.8
.3
.9
.4
.8
.0
.2
.9
,1
.8
.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
' — • *— r . _ -/ /
io-9
io-8
io-3
io-10
io-8
io-3
io-9
10~8
io-3
io-9
io-8
io-3
, \ — h4 tl—t
10
15
10
5
3
5
11
10 and 14
14
11
14
6 and 12
3.3
2.1
x 10-
x 10-
5
It
>100
9.0
1.9
x 10-
x 10-
6
t
>100
1.4
1.9
x 10-
x 10-
5
it
>100
3.0
2.0
x 10-
x 10-
5
it
>100
Total nuclide transport for dosing period (19 days) and for first 7 days
after last dose was administered (Note: Plutonium excretion in feces
should approach 100 percent of dose following nuclide ingestion.
Calculations for the four cows exceed 100 percent due to inaccuracies
associated with fecal determinations.)
14
-------
TABLE A-9. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUNIUM-234 RETENTION IN DAIRY GOATS
(Values expressed as a mean percentage of the dose per gram of tissue)
Oral Dose
Tissue or
Organ
Liver
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Vertebra
Rib
Kidney
Lung
Muscle
Thyroid
Spleen
Mamma ry
Adrenals
Lymph Nodes
Heart
Gonads
Americium
Nitrate
(8 d)*
8.0 x 10- s
8.5 x 10- 7
1.0 x 10- 6
1.0 x 10- 6
5.5 x ID'7
8.5 x 10-7
1.2 x ID'6
1.2 x 10-7
4.4 x 10-"
8.1 x 10-"
6.4 x 10'8
4.4 x 10-7
7.4 x 10-8
3.0 x 10- 7
1.2 x lO'7
3.9 x 10- 8
Curium
Chloride
(7 d)*
1.9 x 10-6
6.7 x 10-7
8.3 x 10-7
1.9 x 10-$
—
—
6.3 x ID'7
1.4 x ID'7
1.1 x ID'8
—
1.2 x 10-7
2.5 x 10- 7
—
—
2.5 x ID'7
—
Neptunium
Chloride
(5 d)*
1.5 x 10-5
1.5 x 10-6
1.7 x 10~6
5.4 x 10- 6
—
4.6 x 10~6
4.3 x 10- 5
7.9 x 10-7
4.8 x 10-7
3.6 x ID'5
1.7 x 10-5
1.3 x 10-6
2.1 x 10~6
6.5 x 10~s
1.5 x 10-6
—
Intravenous Dose
Americium
Nitrate
(8 d)*
5.7 x lO'2
3.6 x 10- 3
6.3 x ID'3
5.4 x 10-3
4.7 x ID'3
6.8 x 10-3
7.0 x 10-3
1.1 x 10-3
2.9 x 10-*
3.8 x 10-3
2.9 x 10-3
2.5 x 10-3
4.5 x 10-"
1.9 x 10- 3
1.1 x 10-3
4.7 x 10-3
Curium
Chloride
(7 d)*
4.2 x ID'2
7.4 x ID'3
6.4 x ID'3
8.1 x ID'3
—
1.1 x 10-2
1.3 x ID'3
2.7 x 10-*
1.7 x ID'3
9.5 x 10-*
3.3 x lO'3
9.0 x 10-*
—
1.6 x 10-3
1.5 x ID'3
Neptunium
Chloride
(5 d)*
5.1 x ID'3
5.2 x 10-3
5.9 x 10-3
6.6 x 10'3
—
1.1 x 10-2
4.6 x 10-3
2.6 x 10-*
3.3 x 10-5
1.3 x ID'*
2.4 x 10-*
1.4 x 10- 5
5.1 x 10-*
2.0 x 10-*
1.8 x 10-*
—
* Sacrifice time in days after dosing
-------
TABLE A-10. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-24], AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO FFCES IN DAIRY
COWS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Time
Dosi
24
48
72
96
Total
After
n9
h
h
h
h
**
% of Dose jDer Collection
PI utoni urn
23.9
33.4
10.4
3.7
71.4
Americium
5.8
9.6
31.0
20.5
66.9
Curium
4.4
16.3
32.6
27.4
80.7
% of Dose per Gram of Feces
Plutonium
8.8
1.3
3.6
1.3
x 10- *
x 10- 3
x 10- *
x 10- "
-
Americium
3.9
2.0
2.3
1.0
x 10- *
x 10- '
x 10- *
x 10- 3
-
Curi um
1.4
3.8
3.1
1.7
x 10-
x 10-
x 10-
x 10-
-
3
3
3
3
* Citrate-buffered doses of plutonium nitrate or unbuffered doses of either americium nitrate or
curium chloride
** Mean summation for the 96-hour period
TABLE A-ll. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO FECES IN DAIRY COUS
FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE INJECTIONS (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Time After
Dosing
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
120 h
144 h
Total**
% of Dose per Collect!
Plutonium
2.7
6.1
5.1
4.2
3.9
3.4
x 10- '
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10-1
x 10- *
1.5
Americium
1.1
4.5 x 10- l
3.0 x 10- '
2.0 x 10- l
1.5 x 10-1
1.5 x 10-1
2.4
on
Curi
3.7 x
3.2 x
3.0 x
2.1 x
1.4 x
9.8 x
1.
% of Dose per Gram of
um
10- '
10- l
10- l
10- l
10- '
1C"2
4
Plutonium
1.7
3.1
2.9
2.5
3.3
1.7
x 10- '
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
—
Americium
5.5
2.5
1.5
1.1
8.2
7.?
x 10- *
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10-6
x 10- 6
—
Feces
Curi um
2.0 x 10-
1.8 x 10-
1.5 x 10-
9.6 x 10-
6.6 x 10-
4.7 x 10-
—
5
5
3
6
6
6
* Citrate-buffered doses of either plutonium nitrate, americium nitrate or curium chloride
** Mean summation for the 144-hour period
-------
TABLE A-12. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUN1UM-234
TRANSPORT TO FECES IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
% of
Americium
20.4
48.1
14.3
2.4
85.2
Dose per
Collection
Curium Neptunium
13.8
84.0
10.1
1.2
109.1
35.2
34.5
10.0
2.1
81.8
% of
Americium
2.0 x 10-2
5.5 x ID'2
1.6 x 10-2
3.1 x lO"3
—
Do^e per Gram
Curium
2.6 x ID"2
1.0 x 10-1
1.8 x ID"2
1.5 x ID'3
—
of Feces
Neptunium
3.1 x ID'2
4.9 x 10-2
1.1 x ID"2
2.5 x 10'3
—
or curium chloride
** Neptunium values based on 29 h, 53 h, 77 h and 101 h collection" intervals
*** Total nuclide transport as of approximately 96 h post-treatment. The calculation for curium
excretion exceeds 100 percent due to inaccuracies associated with fecal determinations.
TABLE A-13.
COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUNIUM-234 TRANSPORT
TO FECES IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
Plutonium
9.6 x 10'1
6.3 x 10-1
5.4 x 10-1
4.0 x 10'1
2.5
% of Dose per
Americium
3.5 x 10'1
5.8 x lO'1
3.4 x 10'1
2.9 x 10'1
1.6
Collection
Curium
7.3 x lO'2
6.9 x lO'1
5.5 x 10'1
9.3 x 10'1
2.2
Neptunium
4.5 x lO-3
2.6 x lO-3
2.7 x 10-3
1.2 x ID"3
1.1 x 10-2
Plutonium
5
4
3
4
.1 x 10"4
.4 x 10"4
.8 x lO-4
.6 x 10"4
% of Dose per
Americium
2.5 x 10'4
3.7 x 10-4
2.6 x 10'4
2.4 x lO"4
Gram of Feces
Curium
2.4 x 10"4
1.6 x ID'3
1.6 x ID'3
1.5 x ID'3
i — *-i
Neptunium
3.4 x 10~5
2.1 x ID"6
1.5 x ID"6
1.1 x 10"6
** Neptunium values based on 29 h, 53 h, 77 h, and 101 h collection intervals
*** Total nuclide transport as of approximately 96 h post-treatment
-------
TABLE A-14. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, AND CUR1UM-243 TRANSPORT TO MILK IN DAIRY
COWS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES (Values expressed as a mean percentage of the dose*)
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total**
% of Dose jDer Collection
PI utoni urn
7.5
4.3
1.5
1.0
1.4
X
X
X
X
X
10- 5
10- 5
10- 5
10- 5
10-"
Americi urn
9.1
9.4
9.4
7.4
3.5
X
X
X
X
X
10- 5
10- 5
10- 5
10- 5
10-*
Curium
2.3
1.3
1.4
7.4
3.7
X
X
X
X
X
10- 5
10- *
10- "
10- 5
10-"
% of Dose per
Plutonium
3
1
7
4
.1 x 10- 9
.9 x 10- 9
.2 x 10- 10
.8 x 10- 10
—
Gram of Milk
Ameri
8.6
8.9
8.0
6.1
x
x
X
X
--
cium
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
-
Curi urn
5.0
2.1
1.6
7.7
x 10-
x 10-
x 10-
x 10-
—
9
e
8
9
* Citrate-buffered doses of plutonium nitrate or unbuffered (doses of either americium nitrate or
curium chloride
** Mean summation for the 96-hour period
i—*
CO
TABLE A-15. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241 AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO MILK IN DAIRY COWS
FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE INJECTIONS (Values expressed as a mean percentage of the dose*)
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
120 h
144 h
Total**
PI
4.
4.
2.
1.
1.
1.
% of
utonium
5
3
7
9
4
3
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
v 10- l
1.6
Dose per
Collecti
Americium
1
4.7
2.8
2.3
1.7
1.1
2
.4
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
x 10- l
.7
on
Curium
9.0 x 10- l
4.3 x 10- l
3.3 x 10- l
1.8 x 10- '
8.9 x 10- 2
5.8 x 10- 2
2.0
% of Dose
PI utonium
2.8
2.5
1.6
1.2
9.8
7.4
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 5
x 10- 6
x 10- 6
—
j>er Gram of Mil
Americium
1.4 x 10-"
4.0 x 10- 5
2.5 x 10- 5
1.7 x 10- 5
1.3 x 10-5
9.3 x 10- 6
— — -
k
Curium
6.5 x 10-
3.5 x 10-
2.4 x 10-
1.4 x 10-
7.3 x 10-
5.1 x 10-
- — —
5
5
5
5
6
6
.
*Citrate-buffered doses of either plutonium nitrate, americium nitrate or curium chloride
**Mean summation for the 144-hour period
-------
TABLE A-16. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-24?, AND NEPTimiUM-234
TRANSPORT TO MILK IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DHSES
(Values expressed as mean percentaqe the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
% of Dose per Collection
Americium
1.8
3.8
1.9
6.9
4.2
x 10-"
x 10-3
x 10'"
x 10-5
x 10-3
Cur
2.?
5.1
1.7
8.7
2.5
•ium
x IO-5
x 10-5
x in-"
x 10-6
x 10-"
Neptiini urn
4.0 x in-3
4.* x lO-1
1.2 x 10-3
3.1 x 10-"
1.0 x IO-2
7< of Oose per Cram of
Ameririum
9.6
1.7
1.1
4.5
x 10-e
x IO-6
x ID'7
x ID'8
-
Curiun
1.3 x IO-8
2.3 x 10-8
\.? x IO-7
5.5 x in-9
-
Mi Ik
Nnptunilin
2.fi x in-6
4.3 x 10-6
1.2 x ID'6
4.5 x IO-7
-
* Citrate-buffered doses of neptunium chloride and unbuffered doses of either americium nitrate or
curium chloride
** Neptunium values based on 29-h, 53-h, 77-h and 101-h col lection-intervals
*** Total nuclide transport as of approximately 96 h post-treatment
TABLE A-17. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUNIUM-234
TRANSPORT TO MILK IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLiDE HOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentaqe of the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
?4 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
%
Plutonium
4.8
1.3
5.4
5.4
',2
x ID"1
x IO-1
x IO-2
x lO-2
x IO-1
of Dose per Collection
Americium Curium Neptunium
1.5 1.3 1,6
2.0 x IO-1 3.3 > IO-1 3.8
1.1 x IO-1 1.9 x IO-1 2.9
7.2 x IO-2 1.7 f 10-' 1.1
1.9 2.0 2.4
x 10"1
x IO-2
> 10-2
X lO-2
x in-1
% of Dose per Gram of Milk
Plutonium Americium Curium Neptunium
1.8 x 10-" 5.3 x 10-" 1.0 x lO-3 (^3 v in-5
5.0 x IO-5 7.2 x IO-5 ?.q x 10-" 1 ,R * in-"
2.1 x ID"5 4.4 x IO-5 l.P x 10-" 1,7 x 10-^
?.l x ID"5 3.4 x IO-5 1.1 > in-14 5.5 x IO-6
-
* Citrate-buffered doses of plutonium nitrate, americium nitrate, curium chloride and neptunium chloride
** Neptunium values based on 29-h, 53-h, 77-h and ini-h collection intervals
*** Tota' ^uflid^ ^nspot ' as of approximately 96 h post-treatment
-------
ro
o
TABLE A-18. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241 AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO URINE IN DAIRY
COWS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Time After
Dosing**
24
48
72
96
Total
h
h
h
h
**
% of Dose per
PI utonium
1.3
5.5
2.5
2.0
2.3
x
x
X
X
X
10- *
10- 5
10- s
10- 5
10-*
Collection
Americium
9.7
2.8
2.7
1.8
8.3
x 10- 5
x 1C'"
x 10-"
x 10" "
x 10" *
Curium
2.3
7.1
3.9
2.8
1.6
x
x
X
X
X
10- *
10-*
10-*
10-*
10- 3
% of Dose per Gram of
PI utonium
4,5
3.2
1.2
1.3
x 10- 9
x 10- 9
x 10- 9
x 10- 9
-
Americium
9.3
4.3
2.4
1.4
x 10- 9
x 10- 8
x 10- 9
x 10- •
-
Uri ne
Curium
5.0
1.3
6.3
3.5
x 10- a
x in- 7
x 10- 9
x 10- e
-
Citrate-buffered doses of plutonium nitrate or unbuffered, doses of either americium nitrate or
curium chloride
** Mean summation for the 96-hour period
TABLE A-19. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241 AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO URINE IN DAIRY COWS
FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE INJECTIONS (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
i20 h
144 h
Total**
% of Dose
Plutonium
9.9 x 10-1
4.8 x 10- l
3.9 x 10-1
2.8 x 10- '
2.4 x 10-1
1.9 x 10-1
2.6
per Collection
Americium
3.2
8.9 x 10- '
5.4 x 10-1
3.3 x 10- '
2.9 x 10-1
2.0 * 10' '
5.'
Curium
4.9
9.6 x 10- l
8.6 x 10-1
6.5 x 10- l
4.6 x 10-1
3.5 x 10-1
8.2
% of
PI utonium
6.6 x 10-
3.2 x 10-
2.4 x 1°-
1.5 x 10-
1.0 x 10-
9.8 x 10-
-
Dose per Gram of
Americium
5 2.3 x 10-*
5 5.8 x 10- 5
5 4.0 x 10-5
5 2.4 x 10- 5
5 1.9 x 10-5
6 ? .6 x 10- *
-
Urine
Curium
2.7 x 10-*
5.8 x 10-5
5.8 x 10- 5
3.7 x 10-5
2.3 x 10-5
1 7 x 10-5
-
* Citrate-buffered doses of either plutonium nitrate, americium nitrate or curium chloride
** Mean summation for the 144-hour period
-------
PO
TABLE A-20. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUNIUM-234 TRANSPORT
TO URINE IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
% of Dose per Collection
Americium
2.8 x ICT4
3.9 x ID'4
1.9 x 10'4
1.1 x 10"4
9.7 x ID'4
Curium
1.8 x 10-4
7.0 x ID"5
2.1 x 10- 5
1.8 x ID"5
2.9 x ID"4
Neptunium
1.9 x ID'1
2.1 x 10-1
2.2 x lO"2
5.8 x lO'3
4.3 x ID'1
% of Dose per Gram of Urine
Americium
2 7
1.8
1.1
8.5
x 10-7
x Id'7
x 10-7
x 10-8
-
Curium
1.5 x 10-7
6.7 x ID"8
3.1 x 10-8
1.7 x ID"8
-
Neptunium
1.2 x Id'4
1.3 x ID"4
8.6 x 1CT6
4.6 x Id'6
~
* Citrate-buffered doses of neptunium chloride and unbuffered doses of either americium nitrate or
curium chloride
** Neptunium values based on 29 h, 53 h, 77 h and 101 h collection .intervals
*** Total nuclide transport as of approximately 96 h post treatment
TABLE A-21. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243, AND NEPTUNIUM-234
TRANSPORT TO URINE IN DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose*)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Total***
% of Dose per Collection
PI utonium
1.5
1.1 x 10-1
1.1 x 10'1
3.6 x 10-2
1.8
Americium
2.7
6.6 x 10-1
3.0 x 10-1
2.1 x 10-1
3.9
Curium
3.1
3.9 x 10-1
3.0 x ID"1
2.9 x 10-1
4.i
Neptunium
2.3
1.4
7.4 x lO'1
3.7 x 10-1
4.8
Plutonium
6.9 x 10"4
3.2 x 10-5
2.6 x 10~5
1 5 x JO'5
-
% of Dose per Gram of Urine
Americium
1.5 x 10'3
1.9 x 10-4
1.1 x 10~4
1.2 x ID"4
-
Curium
3.4 x lO'3
5.0 x 10-4
3.6 x 10"4
2.8 x 10-4
-
Neptunium
1.2 x ID"3
6.0 x 10-4
3.1 x lO"4
1.7 x 10-4
* Citrate-buffered doses of pi utonium nitrate, americium nitrate, curium chloride and neptunium chloride
** Neptunium values based on 29 h, 53 h, 77 h and 101 h collection intervals
*** Total nuclide transport as of approximately 96 h post-treatment
-------
ro
TABLE A-22. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241 AN!' NEPTUNIUM-234 TRANSPORT TO BLOOD PLASMA IN DAIRY
GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES ^Values expressed as mpan percentage of the dose^
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
% of Dose per Total Body
Americium
1.4
6.0
3.6
2.0
x 10-*
x 10-5
x IO-5
x 10-5
Plasma*
Neptunium
1.5
1.1
5.4
4.1
x 10-2
x 10-2
x 10-3
x ID'3
% of Dose per
Americium
6.6
2.8
1.7
9.9
x 10-8
x 10-"
x 10-8
x 10-9
Gram of Plasma
Neptunium
6.1
4.7
2.2
1.7
x 10-6
x 10-6
x 10"6
x ID'6
* Extrapolated values
** Neptunium values based on 29-h, 53-h, 77-h and 101-h collection intervals
TABLE A-23. COMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-238, AMERICIUM-241, AND CURIUM-243 TRANSPORT TO BLOOD PLASMA IN
DAIRY COWS FOLLOWING SINGLE ORAL NUCLIDE DOSES (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose)
%
of Dose
Time After Plutonium
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
1.4
1.1
6.4
7.4
x ID'3
x IO-3
x 10-"
x 10-"
per Total Body
Americium
2.3
2.7
1.3
1.1
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10'"
x 10-"
Plasma* %
Curium
4.2
3.7
1.5
7.8
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10'"
x IO-5
of Dose per Gram of Plasma
Plutonium**
4.3 x
3.5 x
2.0 x
2.4 x
io-8
io-8
io-8
io-8
Americium
7.8
9.3
4.5
3.9
x IO-9
x IO-9
x IO-9
x IO-9
Curium
1.5
1.3
5.3
2.7
x IO-8
x IO-8
x 10"9
x IO-9
* Extrapolated values
** Plutonium concentrations determined on blood serum
-------
TABLE A-24. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241, CURIUM-243 AND NEPTUNIUM-234 RETENTION IN BLOOD
PLASMA OF DAIRY GOATS FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE DOSES
(Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose)
Approximate
Time After
Dostng**
24
48
72
96
h
h
h
h
%
of Dose
Americium
2.8
1.7
1.1
6.6
x ID'1
x IO-1
x IO-1
x 10-*
per Total Body
Curium
4.5 x ID'1
3.2 x ID"1
2.3 x IO-1
6.1 x 10~2
Plasma*
Neptunium
9.8 x lO'1
2,7 x ID'1
1.8 x IO-1
1.2 x IO-1
% of Dose
Americium
1.1
7.0
5.0
2.9
x 10-"
x ID'5
x IO-5
x IO-5
per Gram of PI
Curium
1.9
1.3
9.8
2.4
x 10-"
x 10-*
x IO-5
x IO-5
asma
Neptunium
3.3
9.1
6.1
4.2
x 10""
x IO-5
x IO-5
x IO-5
* Extrapolated values
** Neptunium values based on 29-h, 53-h, 77-h and 101-h collection intervals
TABLE A-25. COMPARISON OF AMERICIUM-241 AND CURIUM-243 RETENTION IN BLOOD PLASMA OF DAIRY COWS
FOLLOWING SINGLE INTRAVENOUS NUCLIDE DOSES (Values expressed as mean percentage of the dose)
Approximate
Time After
Dosing**
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
% of
Dose per Total
Americium
5
3
2
.1
.2
.0
1.2
x IO-1
x lO'1
x IO-1
Body Plasma*
Curium
9.6
7.4
5.1
2.2
x
x
X
X
io-1
io-1
io-1
io-1
% of Dose per Gram
Americium
4.1
1.7
1.1
6.7
x
x
X
X
io-5
io-5
io-5
io-6
of Plasma
Curi urn
2.7
2.1
1.5
6.2
x IO-5
x IO-5
x ID'5
x IO-6
Extrapolated values
-------
APPENDIX B
Appendix B consists of 46 tables of data from individual animals. These
data were used to prepare the comparative tables included in Appendix A. The
tables in Appendix B are cross indexed with individual animal parameters shown
in Table 1 of the text. Table 1 gives the animal number, describes the
radionuclide dose administered, and reports the daily output of milk, urine,
and feces from each animal.
24
-------
TABLE B-l. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM GOAT 2P AFTER AN
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
192
216
240
264
288
312
336
360
384
408
432
Blood
Plasma*
(%/g)
_
-
-
-
5.3 x 10-*
3.7 x 10-"
2.3 x 10-*
2.3 x 10-"
1.5 x 10-"
1.6 x 10-"
1.4 x 10-"
1.1 x 10-*
1.1 x 10-"
1.0 x 10-"
5.8 x ID'5
6.8 x 10-5
8.0 x ID'5
9.6 x 10-5
Milk
(%/g)
1.8 x 10-"
5.0 x 10~5
2.1 x ID'5
. 2.1 x 10-5
1.5 x 10-=
9.2 x 10-6
7.2 x 1Q-6
5.6 x ID'6
3.8 x 10-6
3.6 x 10-6
2.8 x 10-6
2.6 x 10-6
2.4 x 10~6
2.6 x 10-6
2.2 x ID'6
1.8 x 10~s
1.8 x 10-6
1.8 x 10-6
Urine
(%/g)
6.9 x 10-"
3.2 x 10-5
2.6 x 10-5
1.5 x ID'5
1.8 x 10-5
1.0 x 10-5
1.8 x 10-5
1.7 x 10-5
6.2 x ID'6
7.0 x 10-s
8.6 x 10-6
4.0 x 10-6
1.0 x 10-6
8.6 x 10-6
7.4 x 10-6
3.2 x 10-6
8.0 x 10-6
3.6 x 10-6
Feces
(%/g)
5.1 x 10-"
4.4 x ID'"
3.8 x 10-"
4.6 x ID'"
4.1 x 10-"
3.1 x 10-"
3.6 x 10-"
2.2 x 10-*
2.9 x 10-"
3.0 x 10-"
3.5 x 10-"
1.8 x 10-*
2.2 x 10-*
2.6 x 10-"
3.7 x 10-"
3.0 x 10-*
2.5 x 10-*
4.4 x 10-"
* Limited data for initial post-injection period.
25
-------
TABLE B-2. INTRAVENOUS PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RETAINED IN TISSUE
OF DAIRY GOAT 2P
Tissue
Pu-238 Retained
(%/g)
Bone (femur)
Liver
Spleen
Lung
Heart
Gonads
Thyroid
Mu sc 1 e
2.3 x 10-*
2.9 x ID'2
2.9 x 10-*
1.9 x 10-"
1.7 x 10-"
1.1 x 10-3
8.0 x 10-*
6.5 x 10-5
TABLE B-3. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM GOAT 2P AFTER AN
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
Blood
Serum
(%/g)
5.7 x 10-8
3.7 x 10-9
3.7 x 10-"
3.1 x 10-8
Milk
(%/g)
5.0 x 10-9
2.8 x 10-9
5.9 x 10-10
3.2 x 10-10
Urine
(%/g)
3.9 x 10-9
3.4 x 10-9
7.2 x 10-10
5.1 x 10-10
Feces
(%/g)
7.3 x 10-5
1.6 x 10-3
2.0 x 10-3
1.1 x 10-3
26
-------
TABLE B-4. PLUTON1UM-238 DOSE RECOVERED IN COW 128 AFTER
ORAL DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
Blood
Serum
(%/g)
6.0 x 10- "
4.7 x 10-"
3.3 x 10-9
2.7 x 10-"
Milk
(%/g)
4.2 x 10-9
2.6 x 10- 9
1.4 x 10-9
7.1 x 10-10
Uri ne
(%/g)
7.4 x 10-9
4.7 x 10- 9
2.5 x 10-9
2.0 x 10- 9
Feces
(%/g)
4.6 x 10-*
2.5 x 10-3
1.9 x 10-3
1.1 x 10-3
TABLE B-5. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM COW 39 AFTER AN
ORAL DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
Blood
Serum
(%/g)
3.2 x 10-8
3.0 x 10-"
2c5 x 10-8
1.8 x 10-8
Milk
(%/g)
1.3 x 10- 9
9.4 x 10-10
5.6 x 10-10
4.1 x 10-10
Urine
(%/g)
2.8 x ID'9
3.2 x 10-9
1.0 x 10-9
-
Feces
(%/g)
5.0 x 10- 5
1.6 x 10-'
1.3 x ID'3
7.1 x 10-"
27
-------
TABLE B-6. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM COM 4B AFTER AN
ORAL DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
Blood
Serum
(%/g)
2.4 x 10- "
2.4 x 10-e
1.6 x 10- 8
1.9 x 10-8
Milk
(%/g)
1.9 x 10- 9
1.2 x 10-9
4.0 x 10- »°
-
Uri ne
(%/g)
3.7 x 10-9
1.5 x 10-9
7.0 x 10-i"
-
Feces
(%/g)
3.3 x 10-
1.8 x 10-
1.3 x 10-
3.7 x 10-
5
3
3
It
TABLE B-7. PLUTONIUM-238 RECOVERED IN TWO DAIRY COWS 93 DAYS AFTER
AN ORAL DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Tissue
Liver
Femur
Rib
Vertebra
Kidney
Spleen
Muscle
Lung
Heart
Rumen
Ab omasum
Duodenum
Small intestine
Cow 39
(%/q)
1
1
3
1
6
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
2
.7
.3
.0
.3
.7
.3
.7
.0
.0
.7
.3
.7
.7
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10-"
10-8
10-»
10-'
io-«
10-8
10-9
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-9
10-'
10-'
Cow 87
(%/g)
3
3
2
5
1
3
6
1
6
3
3
2
1
.7
.3
.2
.0
.3
.0
.7
.3
.7
.0
.3
.0
.7
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
7
8
7
8
8
8
9
8
9
8
9
7
7
28
-------
TABLE B-8. DAILY PUJTONIUM-23P. DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COU 117 FED
OF PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE PER DAY FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
Dosing
Day*
1
o
L.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Blood Serum
(%/n)
2.0
4.5
8.3
5.4
6.3
6.4
5.5
6.0
7.0
6.5
3.3
6.4
8.4
7.7
7.7
7.8
6.7
9.6
8.0
7.0
5.6
5.6
5.8
3.0
3.9
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10-8
10-8
10-8
lO-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
ID"9
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
ID'*
lO-9
10-8
10-8
ID'8
10-8
Milk**
(%/q)
2.3
6.3
1.3
3.9
1.9
9.6
2.0
1.4
1.8
3.4
9.4
1.4
1.6
3.7
-
-
x 10- 9
X J-U
-
-
-
x 10- 9
x 10- 9
x 10- 9
x lO-i"
x 10-9
x 10- 9
x 10-9
x 10- 9
X J, U
x 10- 9
x lO'9
x 10- 10
-
-
-
-
-
—
Ur^ne
1.5
8,0
2.6
3.2
4.3
4.8
4.8
7.6
1.2
9.4
l.n
1.0
1.2
1.8
1.4
9.6
1.0
7.7
5.0
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.3
3.1
1.9
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
y
x
>:
x
x
X
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
lO-8
10- 9
10-8
10-8
10-8
lO-8
10-8
10- 9
10-8
io-9
10- 9
io-9
10- 9
io-9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
Feces
9.6
3.7
4.4
5.1
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.6
6.3
5.9
5.2
5.7
5.6
4.6
4.9
4.4
3.7
5.2
4.6
2.2
4.9
1.1
3.0
2.0
3.9
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10- »
10-3
10-3
lO-3
10-3
ID'3
lO-'
lO-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
lO-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
lO-3
10--*
10-"
10-5
10~5
10- '
*A11 doses given at approximately 1600 hours on day indicated.
Days shown in parentheses are the first 7 days a^ter the last
plutonium dioxide dose was given.
**Limited data available.
29
-------
TABLE B-9. DAILY PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 122 FED
1 mCi OF PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE PER DAY FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
—
Dosing
Day*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Blood Serun
(7>/q)
_
2.6 x 10-"
6.8 x 10-"
5.7 x 10-"
8.2 x 10-"
7.5 x 10-"
7.1 x 1Q-"
5.1 x 10-8
6.0 x 10-8
5.5 x 10-8
5.6 x 10-8
7.4 x 10-"
5.8 x 10-"
6.7 x 10-8
8.8 x 10-8
8.0 x ID'8
6.4 x ID'8
6.8 x 10- 8
5.0 x ID'8
5.7 x 10- 8
3.8 x 10-8
3.6 x 10-"
3.6 x 10-"
4.1 x 10-8
3.2 x 10-8
1.8 x 10-°
Milk**
(Vq)
_
-
4.3 x 10-11
5.0 x 10-10
8.9 x 10-10
-
-
-
3.1 x 10-10
5.4 x 10-10
7.5 x 10-10
3.7 x 10-10
1.8 x 10-10
i.5 x 10- 10
7.9 x 10-10
1.4 x ID'10
1.8 x 10-10
3.3 x 10-10
3.6 x 10-10
2.9 x lO'10
9.6 x 10-11
-
-
-
-
—
Uri ne
(%/q)
_
6.5 x 10- 9
1.4 x 10-8
7.6 x 10-9
9.2 x 10-9
7.7 x ID'9
8.0 x 10- 9
6.8 x lO'9
1.1 x 10-8
6.5 x ID'9
7.5 x 10-9
6.0 x 10-9
1.0 x 10- 8
9.4 x 10- 9
8.9 x ID'9
6.3 x ID'9
5.7 x 10-9
6.0 x 10-9
7.3 x lO'9
5.4 x 10-9
4.0 x lO'9
1.8 x 10-9
4.3 x ID'9
3.1 x 10"
3.0 x 10- 9
3.1 x 10-9
Feces
(%/q)
2.1 x 10-3
4.3 x ID'3
5.7 x 10-3
/.8 x ID'3
6.5 x 10-3
b.7 x 10~3
5.5 x 10~3
b.2 x ID'3
7.2 x 10-3
b.4 x 10~3
5.3 x 10- 3
b.2 x ID'3
5.1 x 10-3
4.8 x 10-3
5.1 x 10-3
3.7 x 10-3
3.3 x 10-3
4.8 x 10- 3
3.4 x 10- 3
2.2 x 10-3
4.2 x 10-"
7.0 x 10-5
2.0 x 10- 5
4.8 x ID'6
4.8 x 10-6
*A11 doses given at approximately 1600 hours on day indicated.
Days shown in parentheses are the first 7 days after the last
plutonium dioxide dose was given.
**Limited data available.
30
-------
TABLE B-10. DAILY PLUTON1UM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 134 F-ED
1 mCi OF PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE PER DAY FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
Dosi ng
Day*
1
o
{-.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
(1)
(?)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Blood Serum
(%/q)
2.5
5.3
7.7
8.3
9.3
9.0
8.1
1.1
1.1
8.8
9.8
8.5
9.5
8.7
9.0
7.5
8.5
8.7
8.0
7.5
6.1
5.3
6.5
5.3
3.9
_
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10- 8
10- 8
10- B
10- 8
10- 8
10" 8
10- 8
10-'
10- •>
10-8
10" <»
10" e
ID" 8
10-8
ID' 9
10-8
10" 8
10-8
ID" 8
10-8
ID" 8
10" 8
10" 8
10" 8
ID" 8
Mi 1 k**
(%/n)
1.7
3.3
1.7
1.2
5.4
2.0
1.2
4.0
8.1
8.6
i.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
6.7
1.6
_
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
"
10- >«
10- '»
10- 9
10- 9
10- 1°
10-9
10- 9
IQ-io
10- 10
IQ-io
10- »
10- 9
10- »
10- 9
lO-io
ID"9
Uri ne
(%/q)
3.3
8.5
4.4
4.3
7.3
7.6
3.4
9.8
1.2
1.1
7.5
1.1
1.2
9.8
1.1
8.1
7.3
6.5
3.1
2.1
2.6
2.6
3.7
1.3
1.4
_
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- *
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 8
10- 8
10- 9
10- 8
10- 8
10- »
10- 8
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
ID-9
ID-'
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
10- 9
Feces
(%/q)
1.5 x
4.5 x
50
.£ A
5.0 x
5.0 x
5.2 x
5.? x
5.7 x
6.2 x
5.8 x
*>.G x
5.1 x
6.9 x
5.7 x
5.1 x
4.1 x
3.9 x
4.8 x
2.3 x
1.5 x
2.2 x
4.0 x
1.0 x
2.9 x
?.q y
ID' 3
LO- 3
10- 3
10-3
10-3
ir - a
10- 3
10- 3
ID'S
10- 3
10-3
10-3
10- 3
10-3
10- 3
10-3
ID" 3
10-3
ID' 3
10-3
10-"
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-6
*A11 doses given at approximately 1600 hours on day indicated,
Days shown in parentheses are the first 7 days after the last
plutoniu'm dioxide dose was given.
**Limited data available.
31
-------
TABLL B-ll. DAILY PLUTONIUM-238 POSE RECOVERED FOR DAIRY COW 185
!~F[J 1 mCi OF PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE PER DAY FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
— — . .
Dos inn
Day*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
C
(2s
(3)
(4
(5
(6)
(7;
Bid
2.4
5.1
6.0
8.2
8.2
9.8
5.P,
9.1
8.6
9.0
1.1
1.3
7.6
6.7
8.4
6.6
1.3
i.l
7.5
fa. 4
5.8
4.6
7.3
od
(V>,
_
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Serun
10- 8
10-8
lO-'
10-8
10-8
lO-8
10-8
ID'8
10-8
10-8
10- *
10-'
10-8
ID'S
10-8
ID'S
ID'S
10-8
ID'S
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
Milk**
(%/g)
1.9
7.1
5.2
1.1
- 3.4
5.1
1.4
3.7
1.5
3.2
1.6
2.6
1.8
1.3
3.1
3.5
_
x 10- lo
x 10-"
X J. U
-
-
-
-
x lO-9
x 10-9
x 10-9
x lO-9
x 10-9
x lO-9
x 10-9
X 10" 9
x 10-9
X ID"9
x 10-9
x lO-9
x 10-9
-
-
-
-
—
Urine
(%/g)
3.8
1.4
5.1
3.8
5.8
7.9
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
9.5
1.0
9.7
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.1
4.3
1.8
_
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
lO-9
10-8
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-9
10-8
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
Feces
(fc/g)
1.8
6.5
5.9
5.2
8.0
6.9
7.3
7.5
6.2
7.9
P..O
6.8
6.3
7.4
7.4
4.8
b.6
6.1
5.5
3.6
8.2
2.4
6.1
2.4
5.7
-
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-"
10-*
10-5
ID'S
10-6
All doses given at approximately 1600 hours on day indicated.
Days shown ir1 parentheses are the first 7 days after the last
Plutonium dioxide dose was given.
**Limited data available.
32
-------
TABLE B-12. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COUS FED
1 mCi OF PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE PER DAY FOR 19 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
Tissue
Femur
Rib
Vertebra
Liver
Kidney
Spleen
Heart
Lung
Muscle
42 Day Sacrifice*
Cow 122
(%/g)
2
1
2
5
4
4
3
.2 x IO-9
.3 x 10-8
.1 x 10-8
.3 x 10-8
.0 x ID"9
.8 x 10- 9
-
.6 x 10"9
~
Cow 185
(%/q)
2.8
3.4
3.3
5.3
5.3
1.2
1.8
4.2
3.3
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10- 9
10-8
10-8
10-8
IO-9
ID-8
ID'9
ID'9
10-io
4
1
2
5
6
5
1
3
3
73 Day Sacrifice*
Cow 117
.7
.2
.9
.8
» ^i
.8
.2
.3
.5
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
io-9
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-'
10- 9
10'9
ID"9
10-io
Cow 134
5.?
1.8
2.2
5.8
3.4
7.9
•8.4
3.1
3.4
x 10- 9
X 10" 8
x lO-8
x 10-8
x ID'9
x 10-"
X J.U
x 10"9
x 10'10
*Forty-two days and 73 days after final dose was given,
TABLE B-13. PLUTONIUM-238 RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 119 AFTER
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time After
Dosinq
(h)
24
48
72
9b
120
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
2.0 x IO-3
1.3 x 10-3
9.1 x 10-*
5.3 x 10-*
5.1 x 10-*
Milk
(%/g)
3.6 x IO-5
4.0 x 10-'
2.4 x ID'5
1.6 x 10-=
1.3 x ID"5
Urine
(%/g)
9.9 x IO-5
6.1 x 10-=
4,,5 x ID'5
2.6 > 10-=
1.4 x ID'5
Feces
(%/g)
2.3 x IO-5
3.9 x ID"5
4.3 x 10 -5
1.9 x ID"5
1.5 x 10'5
33
-------
TABLE B-14. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 179 AFTER
AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time After
Dosing
(h)
24
4b
72
96
120
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
1.6 x 10- 3
9.7 x 10-*
6.9 x 10-*
3.9 x 10-*
3.6 x 10-*
Milk
(%/g)
2.8 x 10- 5
2.5 x 10- =
1.6 x 10-5
1.4 x 10-5
1.1 x 10-5
Urine
(%/g)
5.7 x 10~5 1
1.9 x 10- 5 4
1.3 x 10~5 3
7.9 x 10-6 4
5.5 x 10- 6 o
Feces
(%/g)
.5 x 10-5
.1 x 10-5
.3 x 10-5
.3 x 10- 5
.6 A 10- 5
TABLE B-15. PLUTONIUM-238
AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF
DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 123
CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
AFTER
Time After
Dosi ng
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
1.5 x 10-3
8.9 x 10-*
6.0 x 10-*
4.7 x 10- *
3.2 x 10-*
Milk
(%/g)
2.0 x 10- 5
1.7 x 10-5
1.3 x 10- 5
9.7 x 10- 6
8.5 x 10-6
Urine
(%/g)
6.2 x 10- 5 9
2.8 x 10- 5 2
2.2 x 10-5 2
1.6 x 10- 5 2
1.4 x 10-5 1
Feces
(%/g)
.5 x 10- 6
.5 x ID'5
.6 x 10- 5
.1 x 10-5
.5 x ID'5
34
-------
TABLE B-16. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COU 128 AFTER
AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Time After
Uosinq
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
Blood Plasma Milk
(%/g) (%/g)
1.7 x 10-' 2.8 x ID'5
1.2 x 10-' 2.0 x 10-5
7.7 x 10-" 1.1 x 10-=
7.5 x 10-* 8.0 x 10-«
4.0 x 10-" 7.0 x 10-6
Urine Feces
(%/g) (%/g)
4.7 x 10'5 1.9 x 10-*
2.2 x 10-= 2.0 x 10-5
1.4 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5
1.0 x lO-' !.8 x 10-5
8.1 x 10~6 1.4 x 10'5
TABLE
AN
B-17. PLUTONIUM-238 DOSE RECOVERED
FROM DAIRY COWS ADMINISTERED
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF CITRATE-BUFFERED PLUTONIUM NITRATE
Tissue
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Muscle
Spleen
Heart
Thyroid
Mammary gl
Sacrificed 1 Ueek
After Injection
Cow 119 Cow 179
(%/g) (%/g)
3.3 x 10-5 1.8 x 10-5
9.4 x 10- 5 7.1 x 10- 5
8.1 x 10-* 8.5 x 10-*
2.3 x ID'3 2.7 x 10~3
2.9 x 10-" 3.0 x 10-*
5.3 x 10-* 3.5 x 10-*
1.6 x 10-5 3.7 x ID-'
1.7 x 10-* 2.2 x 10-*
9.2 x ID'5 1.0 x 10-*
2.5 x 10-* 4.3 x 10-*
and 3.5 x 10~* 2.9 x 10~»
Sacrificed 2 Weeks
After Injection
Cow 123 Cow 128
(%/g) (%/g)
5.0 x 10-5 5.0 x ID'5
1.1 x 10-* 9.3 x 10-*
5.7 x 10-* 5.9 x 10-*
2.6 x 10-3 2.3 x ID'3
4.0 x 10-* 2.7 x 10-'
3.0 x 10-* 3.1 x 10-*
1.1 x 10-5 9.0 x lO-6
2.6 x 10-* 1.4 x 10-*
5.4 x 10-5 6.1 x 10-5
5.9 x 10-' 7.9 x 10-5
2.4 x 10-" 1.2 x 10-*
35
-------
TABLE B-18. CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 1C AFTER AN
ORAL DOSE OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sacri fice
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
1.4 x 10-"
_
_
-
-
-
-
5.5 x ID'9
Milk
(%/g)
4.7 x 10-9
2.7 x 10-8
1.6 x 10-"
3.7 x 10-7
6.0 x 10-9
8.7 x 10-9
1.4 x 10-8
-
Urine
(%/g)
7.7 x ID'8
1.6 x 10-7
3.6 x 10-8
1.6 x 10-8
8.2 x 1Q-9
1.1 x ID'9
1.6 x 10'9
-
Feces
(%/g)
-
3.2 x 10-2
7.9 x ID'2
9.3 x 10-3
7.8 x 10-"
1.4 x 10-"
3.8 x ID'5
TABLE B-19.
CURIUM-243 DOSE
ORAL DOSE
RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 2C
OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
AFTER AN
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sacrifice
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
1.7 x 10-"
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.9 x ID'9
Milk
(%/g)
2.1 x 10-9
1.5 x 10-°
1.3 x 10-9
9.9 x 10-9
6.1 x 10-9
4.0 x 10-9
4.5 x 10-9
_
Urine
(%/g)
4.0 x 10-8
2.3 x 10-7
7.9 x 10-9
4.4 x 10-8
2.4 x 10-8
1.9 x 10-8
1.7 x 10-8
_
Feces
(%/g)
_
3.5 x ID'2
1.1 x 10-1
1.2 x 10-2
1.4 x 10-3
1.3 x 10-"
1.3 x 10-5
_
36
-------
TABLE B-20. CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 3C AFTER AN
ORAL DOSE OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sacrifice
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
1.6 x 10-8
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.3 x 10-9
Milk
(%/g)
1.4 x 10-9
1.5 x 10-8
4.1 x 10-8
1.2 x 10-9
4.2 x 10-9
2.6 x 10-9
- 3.1 x 10-9
-
Urine
(%/g)
2.2 x 10-8
2.4 x 10-7
8.8 x 10-9
3.2 x 10-8
1.9 x 10-9
1.1 x 10-8
1.1 x 10-8
-
Feces
(%/g)
_
1.2 x 10-2
1.2 x 10-1
3.4 x ID'2
2.2 x 10-3
1.2 x 10-"
1.1 x 10-5
-
TABLE B-21.
CURIUM-243 DOSE
RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 4C
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CURIUM
CHLORIDE
AFTER AN
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
6.7 x 10-*
1.5 x 10-*
1.1 x 10-"
7.7 x 10-5
3.4 x 10-5
4.8 x 10-5
2.9 x ID'5
Milk
(%/g)
1.5 x 10-3
3.9 x 10-"
1.4 x 10-"
9.1 x 10-5
5.8 x 10-5
4.3 x ID"5
3.4 x ID'5
Urine
(%/g)
7.5 x 10-3
1.4 x 10-"
4.7 x 10-"
3.7 x 10-*
3.5 x 10-"
2.6 x 10-*
1.7 x 10-*
Feces
(%/g)
4.3 x 10-5
7.2 x 10-5
1.6 x 10-'
1.5 x 10-3
1.9 x 10"3
1.5 x 10-3
1.2 x ID'3
37
-------
TABLE B-22. CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 5C AFTER AN
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
4.5 x 10-"
1.8 x 10-"
1.4 x 10-"
1.2 x 10-"
2.4 x 10-5
9.6 x ID'6
5.3 x 10-5
Milk
(%/g)
1.4 x 10-3
9.5 x 10-"
5.0 x 10-"
3.1 x 10-"
1.9 x 10-"
1.5 x 10-"
9.1 x 10-5
Urine
(%/g)
5.1 x 10-3
6.9 x 10'"
5.3 x 10-"
3.3 x 10'"
2.4 x 10-"
2.2 x 10-"
1.2 x 10-"
Feces
(%/g)
3.9 x 10-5
3.5 x lO'*
1.6 x ID'3
2.3 x ID"3
1.8 x 10-3
2.6 x 10"'
3.2 x 10-'
TABLE B-23.
CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY GOAT 6C
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
AFTER AN
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
2.9 x 10-"
2.b x 10-"
1.5 x 10-"
1.0 x 10-"
1.4 x ID'5
1.4 x 10-5
3.4 x 10-5
Milk
(%/g)
1.9 x ID'3
5.0 x 10-"
2.3 x 10-"
1.4 x 10-"
8.2 x 10-5
6.3 x 10-5
4.3 x 10-5
Urine
(%/g)
8.1 x ID'3
3.1 x 10- 3
5.1 x 10-"
3.8 x 10-"
2.7 x 10-"
2.0 x 10-"
1.6 x 10-"
Feces
(%/g)
4.3 x ID'5
4.9 x ID'"
1.6 x ,0-3
8.9 x 10-"
9.1 x 10-"
1.1 x 10-3
7.2 x 10-"
38
-------
TABLE B-24. CURIUM-243 DOSE RETAINED IN CAPRINE TISSUE
Tissue
Diaphysi s
Epiphysis
Sternum
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Muscle
Spleen
Heart
Thyroid
Adrenal
Mammary
gland
Sacrificed 7 Days After
Single Oral Dose
of Curium Chloride
Goat
2.4 x
1.0 x
4.6 x
6.7 x
4.0 x
-
8.7 x
2.0 x
1.5 x
-
-
2.5 x
1C
io-10
io-7
io-6
io-7
io-7
io-9
io-7
io-7
io-7
Goat
1.0 x
1.4 x
5.0 x
2.5 x
5.0 x
2.4 x
6.9 x
-
3.0 x
-
-
2.0 x
2C
io-6
io-6
io-7
IO-6
io-7
io-7
io-9
io-7
io-7
Goat
1.0 x
1.0 x
5.0 x
2.5 x
1.0 x
3.7 x
1.8 x
4.3 x
3.0 x
-
-
-
3C
io-6
io-6
io-7
io-6
io-6
io-8
io-8
io-8
io-7
Sacrificed 7
Single I.V
Citrate-Buffered
Goat 4C
5.3 x IO-3
5.0 x ID'3
5.7 x IO-3
3.0 x IO-2
7.3 x IO-2
9.1 x IO-4
1.6 x IO-4
7.2 x IO-5
1.0 x IO-3
1.2 x 10'3
1.5 x ID'4
4.4 x ID'3
Goat
3.8 x
4.5 x
9.0 x
4.6 x
1.1 x
1.5 x
4.3 x
9.0 x
2.6 x
2.2 x
1.6 x
3.2 x
Days After
. Dose of
Curium Chloride
5C
io-3
io-3
io-3
io-2
io-2
io-3
io-4
io-4
io-3
io-3
io-3
io-3
Goat 6C
1.3
9.7
9.7
5.1
1.4
1.5
2.0
1.9
1.2
1.7
1.0
2.4
x IO-2
x ID'3
x IO-3
x IO-2
x IO-2
x IO-3
x IO-4
x IO-3
x IO-3
x IO-3
x ID'3
x IO-3
Gonads
8.0
39
-------
TABLE B-25. CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 256
AFTER AM ORAL DOSE OF CURIUM CHLORIDE
Time After
Dosi nq
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
Blood Plasma
(%/q)
1.0 x 10-°
1.5 x 10-'
1.3 x 10-"
5.3 x lO-'
2.7 x 10-'
1.5 x ID-'
1.3 x 10- 9
Milk
(%/q)
7.3 x IO-10
7.8 x IO-9
2.1 x 10-"
1,6 x 10-"
7.7 x ID'9
.4.7 x 10-'
3.0 x IO-9
Urine
(%/q)
7.5 x IO-9
6.8 x IO-8
1.3 x IO-7
6.3 x 10-"
3.5 x ID'8
1.9 x 10-"
1.3 x 10-°
Feces
(%/q)
-
1.6 x ID'3
3.8 x 10-3
3.1 x 10-'
1.7 x 10~3
6.1 x 10-*
2.5 x 10-'
TABLE
B-26. CURIUM-243 DOSE RECOVERED
AFTER AN
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF
FROM DAIRY COW
CURIUM CHLORIDE
344
Time After
Dosi ng
(h)
8
2^
48
72
96
120
144
Blood Plasma
(%/9)
2.e x io-5
2.7 x 10-=
2.1 x ID'5
1.5 x 10-'
6.2 x IO-6
4.0 x IO-6
2.8 x 10~6
Milk
(%/q)
7.5 x IO-5
5.7 x 10-'
3.5 x 10-=
2.4 x 10-'
1.4 x 10-s
7.3 x IO-6
5.1 x ID'6
Uri ne
(%/q)
8.3 x 10-"
1.2 x 10-*
5.8 x 10-'
5.8 x 10-'
3.7 x 10-'
2.3 x ID'5
1.7 x 10-'
Feces
(%/q)
2.3 x IO-6
2.3 x 10-'
1.8 x 10-'
1.5 x ID'5
9.6 x 10'6
6.6 x IO-6
4.7 x ID'6
40
-------
TABLE B-27. CURIUM-243 DOSE RETAINED IN BOVINE TISSUE
Sacrificed 7 Days After
Sacrificed 7 Days After Single I.V. Dose of
Ti ssue
Di aphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Mu sc 1 e
Spleen
Heart
Thyroid
Adrenal
Mammary gland
Gonads
Single Oral Dose Citrate-Buffered
of Curium Chloride
Cow 256
f of I \
\ fo / )
6.8 x IO-8
8.0 x IO-8
1.6 x IO-7
6.6 x IO-7
3.1 x IO-7
6.9 x IO-8
3.8 x IO-9
5.8 x,10-8
8.0 x IO-8
2.7 x IO-8
3.1 x IO-8
1.1 x IO-7
5.0 x IO-8
Curium Chloride
Cow 344
3.4 x 10-"
4.2 x 10-"
6.4 x 10-"
2.5 x IO-3
9.9 x 10-"
2.2 x 10-"
9.4 x IO-6
2.9 x 10-"
2.1 x 10-"
1.0 x ID'"
2.5 x 10-"
2.4 x 10-"
1.4 x ID'"
TABLE B-28. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED
GOAT
1A AFTER AN ORAL DOSE OF AMERICIUM
FROM DAIRY
NITRATE
Time After
Dosing Bl
(h)
8 5.8
24 1.2
48 4.7
72 2.7
96 1.4
120 1.4
144 9.3
168 7.0
ood Plasma Milk
(%/q) (%/g)
x ID'8 3.8 x IO-9 8.5
x IO-7 1.1 x IO-7 6.3
x IO-8 7.1 x ID'8 2.6
x IO-8 1.1 x IO-7 1.7
x IO-8 2.3 x IO-8 1.3
x IO-8 3.9 x IO-8 7.8
x IO-9 1.7 x IO-8 5.9
x ID-' 2.0 x IO-9 4.5
Urine
(%/g)
x IO-9 5.2 x
x IO-7 4.9 x
x IO-7 7.4 x
x IO-7 2.0 x
x IO-7 3.4 x
x IO-8 7.6 x
x IO-8 2.5 x
x IO-8 8.1 x
Feces
(%/g)
io-7
io-3
io-2
io-2
io-3
10-"
10-"
io-5
41
-------
TABLE B-29. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY
GOAT 2A AFTER AN ORAL DOSE OF AMERICIUM NITRATE
Time After
Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
1.4 x lO'8
1.2 x 10-
8.5 x ID'9
6.7 x 10-9
5.8 x ID'9
5.1 x 10-9
4.1 x ID'9
4.1 x 10-9
Milk
(%/g)
2.8 x ID'9
2.0 x ID'7
3.4 x 10-$
1.1 x ID'7
6.6 x 10-"
2.6 x 10-8
2.1 x 10-"
• 1.8 x 10-7
Urine
(%/g)
6.4 x 10-
1.7 x 10-
9.3 x 10-
4.5 x 10-
3.9 x 10-
2.9 x 10-
3.3 x 10-
2.0 x 10-
Feces
(%/g)
7.3 x 10-9
7 5.2 x 10-2
8 3.6 x 10-2
8 1.3 x 10-2
8 2.7 x ID'3
8 5.2 x 10-"
8 1.3 x 10-*
8 6.0 x 10-5
TABLE B-30. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM
GOAT 4 A AFTER AN
INTRAVENOUS DOSE
OF AMERICIUM
DAIRY
NITRATE
Time After
Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
2.8 x 10-"
1.2 x 10-"
1.2 x ID'5
b.3 x 10-5
2.6 x 10-5
2.1 x 10-5
2.9 x ID'5
2.2 x 10-5
Milk
(%/g)
1.0 x ID'3
1.6 x 10-"
6.6 x 1Q-5
4.1 x 10-5
3.1 x ID'5
3.6 x 10-5
2.5 x 10-5
2.1 x 10-5
Urine
(%/g)
2.9 x 10-3
4.2 x 10-"
1.5 x 10-"
7.5 x 10-5
1.0 x 10-"
9.9 x ID'5
4.6 x ID'5
4.3 x 10-5
Feces
(%/g)
1.0 x 10-"
3.8 x 10-"
4.6 x 10-"
2.7 x 10-*
2.2 x 10-"
2.1 x 10-"
1.8 x 10-*
2.0 x 10-*
42
-------
TABLE B-31. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY
GOAT 5A AFTER AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF AMERICIUM NITRATE
Time After
Dosing
(h)
8
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood Plasma Milk
(%/g) (%/g)
2.4 x 10-" 1.2 x 10-
l.i x 10-" 2.1 x 10-
6.8 x 10-5 7.8 x 10-
4.7 x ID'5 4.7 x 10-
3.3 x 10-5 3.8 x 10-
2.1 x 10-5 3.9 x 10-
2.3 x ID'5 3.3 x 10-
1.4 x 10-5 3.8 x 10-
Urine
(%/g)
3 3.7 x 10-
" 6.8 x 10-
2.3 x 10-
5 1.4 x 10-
5 1.3 x 10-
5 1.1 x 10-
5 7.6 x 10-
5 8.7 x 10-
Feces
(%/g)
3 1.1 x 10-5
3.2 x 10-"
" 2.9 x 10'"
2.5 x 10-"
2.5 x 10-"
3.5 x 10-"
5 3.3 x 10-"
5 3.4 x 10-"
TABLE
B-32. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RETAINED IN CAPRINE TISSUE
Tissue
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Vertebra
Rib
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Spleen
Thyroid
Muscle
Gonads
Heart
Mammary gland
Lymph nodes
Adrenals
Sacrificed 8 Days After
Single Oral Dose of
Americium Nitrate
Goat 1A Goat 2A
(%/g) (%/g)
1.4 x 10-6 3.5 x 10-7
i.7 x 10-6 3.7 x 10-7
1.7 x 10-6 3.5 x 10-7
8.1 x 10-7 2.9 x 10-7
1.4 x 10-6 2.7 x 10-7
1.4 x 10-s 1.8 x 10-6
2.1 x 10-6 4.1 x 10-7
2.0 x 10-7 4.1 x 10-8
1.1 x 10-7 2.4 x 10-8
1.0 x 10-7 5.9 x 10-8
5.7 x 10-8 3.0 x 10-8
3.9 x 10-8
2.1 x 10-7 3.0 x 10-8
7.5 x 10-7 1.2 x 10-7
3.0 x 10-7
7.4 x 10-8
Sacrificed
Single I.
Citrate-Buffered
Goat 4A
(%/g)
3.0 x 10-3
5.1 x 10-3
4.7 x 10-3
4.0 x ID'3
6.1 x 10"3
5.5 x 10-2
8.2 x 10-3
1.5 x 10-3
5.6 x 10-3
7.1 x 10-3
4.1 x 10-"
8.7 x 10-3
1.6 x 10-3
2.1 x 10-3
1.4 x 10-3
4.9 x 10-"
8 Days After
V. Dose of
Americium Nitrate
Goat 5A
(%/g)
4.1 x ID'3
7.5 x 10-3
6.1 x 10-3
5.3 x ID'3
7.5 x 10-3
5.8 x 10-2
5.8 x 10-3
6.6 x 10-"
3.0 x 10-"
4.7 x 10-"
1.6 x 10-"
7.3 x 10-"
5.5 x 10-"
2.9 x 10-3
2.5 x ID'3
4.1 x 10-"
43
-------
TABLE B-33. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 2PO
AFTER AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF AMERICIUM CHLORIDE
Time After
Dosing
(h)
8
12
24
4b
72
96
120
144
168
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
1.6 x ID'*
4.0 x ID'5
5.3 x ID'5
2.1 x 10-5
1.3 x lO'5
7.4 x 10-*
1.1 x 10-5
1.1 x ID'5
8.1 x 10-6
Milk
(%/g)
2.3 x 10-"
1.9 x 10-"
6.4 x lO'5
4.1 x 10-5
2.9 x ID"5
2.2 x 10-'
1.6 x 10-*
1.5 x 10~5
Urine
(%/g)
4.3 x 10-*
1.5 x 10-*
1.3 x 10-*
7.6 x ID'5
5.2 x ID'5
3.0 x 10- 5
2.3 x ID'5
2.0 x lO'5
-
Feces
(%/g)
1.6 x 10-*
5.1 x 10'5
4.2 x ID'5
4.1 x lO"5
2.3 x ID'5
1.8 x ID'5
1.3 > ID'5
1.1 x 10-5
8.3 x ID'6
TABLE
B-34. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW
AFTER AN INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF AMERICIUM CHLORIDE
184
•
Time After
Dosi ng
(h)
8
11
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood Plasma
(%/g)
8.1 x 10-5
7.8 x ID'5
2.8 x 10-5
1.4 x 10-»
8.5 x 10-6
6.0 x ID'6
4.1 x 10-6
3.4 x lO'6
2.6 x ID'6
Milk
(%/g)
7.9 x ID"5
6.4 x 10-5
1.5 x 10-5
8.3 x 10-6
5.6 x 10-*
4.3 x 10-6
3.1 x 10-«
2.6 x 10~6
Urine
(%/g)
6.5 x 10-*
1.7 x 10-*
6.1 x ID'5
4.0 x 10~5
2.8 x 10-5
1.7 x 10'5
1.4 x 10- 5
1.2 x ID'5
_
Feces
(%/g)
2.5 x 10-5
2.2 x 10~5
2.0 x 10-5
8.4 x 10'6
6.5 x 10-6
4.4 x ID'6
3.1 x 10-6
3.7 x 10-'
4.5 x ID'6
44
-------
TABLE B-35. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED FROM DAIRY COW 269
AFTER AN ORAL DOSE OF AMERICIUM CHLORIDE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
12
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
1.7 x lO-9
7.1 x lO-9
1.1 x 10-8
1.3 x 10-8
4.1 x lO-9
9.3 x 10-10
1.6 x ID'9
8.5 x lO-10 .
9.0 x 10-10
Milk
(%/g)
_
2.0 x 10-8
2.6 x 10-9
1.2 x lO-8
8.4 x 10-9
6.5 x 10-9
2.6 x 10-9
1.5 x 10-9
1.6 x 10-9
Urine
(%/g)
3.0 x lO-9
1.8 x 10-8
3.1 x 10-8
6.7 x 10-8
2.6 x 10-8
1.5 x lO-8
8.0 x 10-9
5.6 x 10-9
4.6 x 10-9
Feces
(%/<])
9.5 x 10-6
1.2 x 10-3
2.2 x 10-3
2.8 x 10-3
1.8 x 10-3
5.4 x 10~5
1.2 x 10-*
2.5 x ID'5
8.1 x ID'6
TABLE
B-36. AMERICIUM-241 DOSE RECOVERED
AFTER AN ORAL DOSE OF AMERICIUM
FROM DAIRY
CHLORIDE
COW 281
Time
After Dosing
(h)
8
12
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
4.9 x 10-10
3.8 x 10-9
4.7 x 10-9
5.9 x 10-9
5.0 x 10-9
6.9 x 10-9
1.2 x lO-8
6.1 x ID'10
7.7 x 10-10
Milk
(%/g)
_
2.1 x 10-9
1.2 x 10-9
6.1 x ID'9
7.6 x 10-9
5.7 x lO-9
4.0 x lO-9
2.6 x lO-9
1.4 x 10-9
Urine
(%/g)
1.1 X ID'9
6.1 x 10-9
9.8 x 10-9
2.0 x lO-8
2.1 x lO-8
1.4 x lO-9
1.1 x 10-°
4.9 x 10-9
3.8 x lO-9
Feces
(%/g)
6.5 x 10-9
6.5 x 10-'
1.7 x 10-*
1.2 x lO-3
2.8 x 10-3
2.0 x lO-3
1.1 x 10-3
4.6 x 10-*
1.4 x 10-*
45
-------
TABLE B-37. AMERICUM-241 DOSE RETAINED IN BOVINE TISSUE
Tissue
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Sternum
Vertebra
Rib
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Spleen
Thyroid
Gonads
Muscle
Heart
Lymph nodes
Mammary gland
Plasma
Sacrificed 8 Days After Sacrificed 9 Days After
Single Oral Dose of Single I.V. Dose of
Ampririum Thlnridp Citrate-Buffered Americium Chloride
Cow 281
2
6
1
6
4
4
1
7
4
1
2
4
1
3
5
6
(%/g)
.8 x
.0 x
.1 x
.9 x
.3 x
.4 x
.7 x
.3 x
.0 x
.7 x
.2 x
.2 x
.1 x
.0 x
.4 x
.1 x
Cow 269
(%/g)
io-8
io-8
10- 7
io-8
io-e
io-7
io-7
io-8
io-8
io-8
io-8
io-9
io-7
io-8
io-8
io-10
4.1
5.5
6.5
7.8
4.7
4.2
1.4
3.0
2.6
7.6
2.6
3.1
4.0
2.5
3.1
7.3
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
io-8
io-8
10- 8
io-8
io-8
io-7
10- 7
io-8
io-8
io-9
io-8
io-9
io-8
io-8
io-8
io-10
Cow 184
Cow
(%/g)
2.5
5.7
5.7
4.3
2.6
4.7
7.3
1.8
2.4
5.4
1.3
2.1
1.7
1.4
2.5
1.4
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10""
x 10-"
x ID'3
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10-"
x IO-5
x 10-"
x 10-5
x 10-"
x 10-"
x 10-"
x ID'6
3
6
7
8
6
3
1
3
3
8
2
1
4
3
7
2
280
(%/g)
.6 x
.4 x
.9 x
.8 x
.2 x
.0 x
.6 x
.5 x
.0 x
.7 x
.2 x
.8 x
.0 x
.8 x
.1 x
.7 x
10-"
10-"
10-"
10-"
10-"
io-3
io-3
10-"
10-"
io-5
10-"
io-5
10-"
10-"
10-"
io-6
TABLE
'
B-38.
NEPTUIVIUM-234 DOSE RECOVERED FROM GOAT
AN ORAL
DOSE
OF NEPTUNIUM
CHLORIDE
IN
AFTER
Time
After Dosing
(h)
29
53
77
101
B
PI
lood
asma
(%/g)
6.3
5.6
2.0
1.6
x 10- 6
x IO-6
x ID'6
x IO-6
2
5
1
6
Milk
(%/g)
.9 x ID'6
.9 x ID'6
.2 x IO-6
.5 x IO-7
Urine
(%/g)
1.5 x 10-"
2.0 x 10-"
8.2 x ID"6
6.8 x IO-6
2.
4.
8.
1.
Feces
(%/g)
7 x 10- 2
4 x IO-2
4 x ID'3
9 x IO-3
46
-------
TABLE B-39. NEPTUNIUM-234 DOSE RECOVERED FROM GOAT 2N AFTER
AN ORAL DOSE OF NEPTUNIUM CHLORIDE
Time
After Dosing
(h)
29
53
77
101
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
5.8 x 10-6
3.8 x 10-6
2.3 x ID'6
1.8 x 10-6
Milk
(%/g)
2.3 x ID'6
2.6 x 10-$
1.2 x ID'6
2.4 x 10-7
Urine
(%/g)
8.2 x 10-5
5.4 x 10-5
9.0 x 10~$
2.5 x 10-6
Feces
(%/g)
3.5 x 10-2
5.3 x 10-2
1.4 x ID'2
3.1 x 10-3
TABLE B-40. NEPTUNIUM-234 DOSE RECOVERED
INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF CITRATE-BUFFERED
FROM GOAT 3N AFTER
NEPTUNIUM CHLORIDE
AN
Time
After Dosing
(h)
29
53
77
101
Blood
Plasma
(%/g)
3.3 x 10-"
9.1 x 10-5
6.1 x 10-5
4.2 x 10-5
Milk
(%/g)
5.3 x 10-5
1.8 x 10-5
1.2 x ID'5
5.5 x 10-6
Urine
(%/g)
1.2 x 10-3
6.0 x 10-"
3.1 x 10-"
1.7 x 10-"
Feces
(%/g)
3.4 x 10-5
2.1 x 10-6
1.5 x ID'6
1.1 x 10-6
47
-------
TABLE B-41. NEPTUNIUM-234 DOSE RETAINED IN CAPRINE TISSUE
Tissue
Bone
Liver
Kidney
Spleen
Lung
Heart
Lymph nodes
Mammary gland
Adrenal s
Thyroid
Muscle
Sacrificed 5 Days After
Single Oral Dose
of Citrate-Buffered
Neptunium Chloride
Goat IN
(%/g)
3.3 x 10-6
1.5 x 10~5
3.9 x 10-5
4.1 x ID'7
1.4 x 10-6
2.8 x 10-6
1.3 x 10-5
1.3 x ID'6
4.1 x 10-6
7.3 x 10-5
6.5 x ID'7
Goat 2N
(%/g)
4.8 x 10-7
1.4 x ID'5
4.7 x 10-5
3.4 x ID'5
2.2 x 10-7
1.8 x ID'7
<1.0 x 10-"
1.3 x 10-6
<1.0 x 10-8
<1.0 x 10-8
3.0 x ID'7
Sacrificed 5 Days After
Single I.V. Dose
of Citrate-Buffered
Neptunium Chloride
Goat 3N
(%/g)
7.3 x 10-3
5.1 x 10-9
4.6 x 10-3
2.4 x 10-"
2.6 x 10-"
1.8 x 10-"
2.0 x 10-*
1.4 x ID'5
5.1 x 10-"
1.3 x 10"*
3.3 x ID'5
48
-------
-pi
ID
TABLE B-42. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON DAIRY COWS GIVEN A SINGLE ORAL DOSE
OF MIXED 238Pu AND 239Pu DIOXIDES
Animal
No.
351
349
352
346
Dose,
238 pu
1.73
2.30
43.3
Control
mC1
239pu
1.62
2.16
1.38
Activity Mass
Ratio1 Ratio1
in Dose in Dose
1.07 0.0034
1.06 0.0034
31.4 0.100
~ ~
Animal Weight, Kg
Dose Sacrifice
Day
553
626
635
628
Day
510
599
594
556
Average Daily Output
Milk
Previous
to Study2
25
17
19
22
During
Study
19
14
14
22
, Kg Per Day
Urine Feces
During
Study
27
26
26
19
During
Study
34
29
34
25
Days
Lactating3
86
136
125
32
Ratios used hereafter in the series of tables on this study are the activity ratios normalized to
indicate differences in metabolism; a ratio of unity indicates the activity ratio in a sample was
the same as that in the 238Pu and 239Pu dose administered. Ratios are always 2iBPu, 239Pu.
2During week of August 18, 1977.
3As of November 14, 1977 (Dose Day). All cows in second lactation.
-------
01
o
TABLE B-43. PLUTONIUM-238 AND PLUTONIUM-239 RECOVERED FROM COW 351
AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF MIXED PLUTONIUM OXIDES*
Time After
Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sac
238pu
(% X ]
0.68
1.6
-
0.47
-
0.65
0.30
Serum
239pu
ID-* /g)
0.76
1.0
-
0.38
-
0.54
1.0
Ratio**
0.90
1.6
-
1.2
-
1.2
.30
238pu
(% X
_
6.4.
5.0
2.4
2.3
1.3
-
Milk
239pu
10-K) /g)
_
5.2
4.2
1.9
1.8
1.0
-
Ratio**
_
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
-
Urine
238Pu 239Pu
(% x 10-10 /g)
_ _
ND ND
-
0.38 0.24
-
0.22 0.10
-
Ratio**
_
-
-
1.6
-
2.2
-
**
1.73 mCi plutonium-238 and 1.62 mCi plutonium-239; the two isotopes were homogeneously mixed
within the same plutonium oxide particles, the mass median diameter of the particles was
approximately 1.5 micrometer.
Ratio normalized to indicate differences in metabolism; a ratio of unity indicates no difference.
The data have not been corrected for normal background levels in samples.
ND Not detectable.
-------
TABLE B-44. PLUTONIUM-238 AND PLUTONIUM-239 RECOVERED FROM COW 349
AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF MIXED PLUTONIUM OXIDES*
.
Time After
Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sac
238pU
(% X ]
5.0
6.4
-
4.3
-
2.8
1.0
Serum
239Pu Ratio**
.0-1 Vg
1.0 4.9
1.2 5.2
-
0.83 5.1
-
0.43 6.7
1.20 5.1
Milk
23apu 239pu Ratio**
(% x io-i°/g)
-
3.1 2.8 . 1.1
1.8 6.6 0.27
1.4 1.6 0.88
2.0 2.0 1.0
0.35 0.38 0.91
. _ _
Urine
23spu 239pu Ratio**
(% x 10-io/g)
_
1.3 0.27 4.8
_
1.3 0.26 5.0
_
0.84 0.13 6.5
— — —
* 2.30 mCi plutonium-238 and 2.16 mCi plutonium-239; the two isotopes were not homogeneously mixed
within the same plutonium oxide particles, the mass median diameter of the 238Pu particles was
approximately 1.5 micrometer and of the 239Pu particles was approximately 1.0 micrometer.
**Ratio normalized to indicate differences in metabolism; a ratio of unity indicates no
difference. The data have not been corrected for normal background levels in samples.
-------
en
ro
TABLE B-45. PLUTONIUM-238 AND PLUTONIUM-^39 RECOVERED FROM COW 352
AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF MIXED PLUTONIUM OXIDES*
Time After
Dosing
(h)
24
48
72
96
120
144
Sac
238Pu
(% x
2.8
8.6
-
1.5
-
1.1
0.68
Serum
239Pu
io-»°/g)
2.7
11.0
-
2.0
-
1.3
0.66
Ratio**
1.0
0.78
-
0.75
-
0.85
1.0
238Pu
(% x
_
0.67
0.34
0.35
0.23
0.20
-
Milk
239Pu
10-10/g)
_
1.1
0.46
0.44
0.38
0.25
-
Ratio**
»
0.61
0.74
0.79
0.60
0.81
-
:38Pu
(* X
_
0.34
-
0.13
-
0.07
-
Urine
2S9Pu
io-10/g)
_
1.6
-
0.35
-
<0.22
-
Ratio**
_
0.21
-
0.37
-
<.32
-
* 43.3 mCi plutonium-238 and 1.38 mCi plutonium-239; the two isotopes were not homogeneously mixed
within the same plutonium oxide particles, the mass median diameter of the particles was
approvimately 1.5 micrometer.
** Ratio normalized to indicate differences in metabolism; a ratio of unity indicates no difference.
The data have not been corrected for normal plutonium background levels in samples.
-------
TABLE B-46. PLUTONIUM-238 AND PLUTONIUM-239 RECOVERED FROM COWS 7
DAYS AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF PLUTONIUM OXIDES
en
CO
Tissue
(h)
•»Pu
Cow 351
Ratio*
(% x 10-10/g)
Liver
Spl een
Bile
Kidney
Lung
Heart
Gonads
Lymph nodes
Mamma ry
Adrenal
Muscle
Plasma
Femur
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Sternum
6.3
6.1
3.1
3.6
5.4
0.67
39.
34.
3.5
45.
10.
0.30
-
11.
6.1
12.
6.3
5.7
0.59
2.9
1.9
0.16
1.5
12.
2.5
14.
11.
1.0
-
3.1
>0.4
4.4
1.0
1.1
5.3
1.2
2.8
4.2
25.
2.9
1.4
3.2
1.0
0.30
-
3.7
>15.
2.7
238pu
Cow 349
239pu
Ratio*
(% x io-10/g)
13.
6.6
1.1
0.59
35.
4.4
2.5
-
12.
13.
6.9
1.0
-
13.
6.2
2.2
3.5
3.9
0.34
0.22
4.6
0.38
2.2
-
25.
35.
7.8
0.20
-
2.9
9.4
9.4
3.8
1.7
3.3
2.7
7.6
'll.
1.1
-
0.47
0.37
0.89
5.0
-
4.4
0.66
2.3
23apu
(% x 10
6.0
7.4
0.16
1.0
1.9
0.18
0.79
-
1.9
2.7
26.
0.68
-
2.9
4.0
5.0
Cow 352
-10/g)
8.0
14.
0.61
1.6
5.3
0.44
1.3
-
5.3
8.5
32.
0.66
-
5.6
3.7
9.2
Ratio*
0.75
0.52
0.26
0.63
0.36
0.42
0.60
-
0.37
0.32
0.83
1.0
-
0.52
0.11
0.55
* Activity ratio normalized to indicate differences in metabolism; a ratio of unity
indicates no difference. Data are not corrected for normal background plutonium
levels in tissues.
-------
DISTRIBUTION
1-40 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas
41 Man!on E. Gates, Manager, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
42 Troy E. Wade, DOE/NV. Las Vegas, NV
43 David G. Jackson, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
44 Paul J. Mudra, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
45 Elwood M. Douthett, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
46 - 47 Winnie Howard, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
48 - 49 Paul B. Dunaway, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
50 Roger Ray, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
51 Robert W. Taft, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
52 Leon Silverstrom, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
53 Robert W. Newman, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
54 Bruce W. Church, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
55 - 56 Technical Library, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
57 Chief, NOB/DNA, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
58 Hal Hoi lister, GTN, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
59 Tommy F- McCraw, EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
60 L. Joe Deal, EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
61 - 65 Major General William W. Hoover, Director, OMA, DOE/HQ,
Washington, DC
66 Gordon C. Facer, OMA, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
67 Robert L. Watters, EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
68 Ruth Clusen, EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
69 Robert W. Wood, EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
70 William S. Osburn, Jr., EV, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
71 Ray Brechbill, DOE/SAN, Oakland, CA
72 Marcy Williamson, RESL/INEL, DOE/ID, Idaho Falls, ID
73 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
74 Nancy Vaughan, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
75 H. E. Walburg, CARL, Oak Ridge, TN
76 Assistant Administrator for Research and Development, EPA,
Washington, DC
77 Deputy Assistant Asministrator for Monitoring and Technical
Support, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC
78 Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation Programs, EPA,
Washington, DC
79 Director, Monitoring Technology Division, Office of Monitoring
and Technical Support, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC
80 Director, Technical Support Division, Office of Monitoring and
Technical Support, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC
81 Dire'ctor, Criteria Development and Special Studies Division,
Office of Health and Ecological Effects, ORD, EPA,
Washington, DC
-------
82 Library, EPA, Washington, DC
83 Regional Administrator, Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, CA
84 Regional Radiation Representative, Region IX, EPA,
San Francisco, CA
85 Director, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering Branch,
EPA, Cincinnati, OH
86 Director, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, EPA,
Montgomery, AL
87 Harold F. Mueller, NOAA/WSNSO, Las Vegas, NV
88 Gilbert J. Ferber, NOAA/WSNSO, Silver Spring, MD
89 K. M. Oswald, Manager, Health and Safety, LLL, Mercury, NV
90 Richard L. Wagner, LLL, Livermore, CA
91 Howard W. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA
92 Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
93 Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, LLL, Livermore, CA
94 J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
95 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
96 Lamar J. Johnson, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
97 George E. Tucker, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM
98 Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM
99 Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM
100 R. Glen Fuller, Oracle, AZ
101 W. E. Martin, BCL, Columbus, OH
102 Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV
103 Savino W. Cavender, REECo, Mercury, NV
104 Auda F- Morrow, CETO, Mercury, NV
105 Joseph H. Dryden, NTSSO, DOE/NV, Mercury, NV
106 Billy Moore, DOE/NV. Las Vegas, NV
107 Leo Bustad, Director, Veterinary Medicine, Washington
State University, Pullman, WA
108 Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman WA
109 Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
110 Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
111 Library. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
112 Verle R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
113 Lloyd P. Smith, President, Desert Research Institute,
University of Nevada, Reno, NV
114 Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada, Reno, NV
115 William W. Twenhofel, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
116 Manager, Desert National Wildlife Range, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Las Vegas, NV
117 Supervisor, Region III, Nevada Fish and Game Department,
Las Vegas, NV
118 Paul Lyons, Nevada Wildlife Research, Division of Archives,
Capitol Building Annex, Carson City, NV
119 L. L. Skolil, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
120 C. S. Fore, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
121 - 147 Technical Information Center, DOE, Oak Ridge, TN
(for public availability)
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