EMSL-LV-0539-9 EMSL-LV-0539-9
FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL
DAIRY HERD MAINTAINED ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE
1971 THROUGH 1975
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Published June 1977
This study performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. EY-76-A-080539
for the
U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States
Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Energy Research
and Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of their
contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express
or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
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SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161
PRICE: PAPER COPY $5.45 MICROFICHE $2.25
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EMSL-LV-0539-9 EMSL-LV-0539-9
FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL
DAIRY HERD MAINTAINED ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE
1971 THROUGH 1975
by
E. M. Daley
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Published June 1977
This study performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. EY-76-A-080539
for the
U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
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ABSTRACT
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Las Vegas,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, maintains an experimental dairy herd
in Area 15 of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration's
Nevada Test Site. This report covers the period January 1, 1971, through
December 31, 1975, giving the status of the herd for this period of time.
Improvements, changes, and additions made on the facilities, the production
and reproduction statistics of individual cows and the herd, and summaries
of metabolism studies that involved the dairy herd are also covered in this
report.
i n
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ii *
INTRODUCTION , }
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 3
METABOLISM ROOM 3
ABATTOIR 6
MISCELLANEOUS 6
HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION 8
PRODUCTION 8
REPRODUCTION 9
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY 10
DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS 11
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION OF RADIOTELLURIUM
BY THE DAIRY COW: PROJECT TELLUS (April 26 - May 1, 1971) 11
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF PLUTONIUM BY DAIRY
CATTLE: PROJECT PU-1 (May 17 - July 6, 1972) AND PROJECT PU-2
(April 26 - May 29, 1972) 12
PASSAGE OF SAND PARTICLES THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF
DAIRY COWS: PROJECT PASS (November 10 - 25, 1974) 13
BOVINE TRANSPORT AND RETENTION OF PLUTONIUM-238 WITH SPECIAL
EMPHASIS ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE OF IN VIVO LABELED MILK:
PROJECT PU-3 (April - May 1975) AND PROJECT PU-4 (November -
December 1975) 14
REFERENCES 17
APPENDICES
DISTRIBUTION
iv
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INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has maintained an experimental dairy
facility on the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administrations's Nevada
Test Site since 1964. From 1964-1966, the entire dairy herd was maintained
at Well 3 in Area 6 (see figure 1). In 1966, the lactating herd was trans-
ferred to the new facility at Area 15. Nonlactating cows and replacement
heifers continued to be maintained at the Well 3 facility until 1972, and
animal sacrifices were conducted there until 1973 when appropriate facilities
became available at the Area 15 experimental farm.
The establishment of the experimental farm and the previous status
reports on the dairy herd have been published (Douglas 1967, Smith and Engel
1969, and Smith 1970, 1973). Reports on the agronomic practices of the Area 15
experimental farm were published previously (Daley and Smith 1969, and Daley
1971, 1972, and 1976).
This report covers the period of January 1, 1971, through December 31,
1975. It lists changes and improvements made on facilities, presents herd
and individual production and reproduction statistics, details health problems,
and summarizes research studies that involved the dairy herd.
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EXPERIMENTAL FARM
28 } 119 PAHUTE
I NRDS
I BUFFER I
ZONE
TONOPAH 140 MILES
125.3 kilometers
Figure 1. Location of Area 15 farm and experimental facilities on the
Test Site 1970 through 1975.
2
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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
During the period covered by this report, as shown in figure 2, major
modifications and additions were made to the Area 15 facility which allowed
the abandonment of the Well 3 facility in 1973. This centralization of all
dairy operations at Area 15 resulted in a much more economical and efficient
operation in maintenance and feeding of the herd and provided improved
experimental facilities for dairy cow metabolism studies.
CORRALS
(iTi
Metal (Powder RiverM panel-type corrals were erected at Area 15 in 1971
to replace the wooden corrals for the lactating herd and provide new corrals
for the dry cows and heifers. Additional panels were erected in 1973 to
provide for loafing areas for the lactating herd and for the dry cows and
heifers. The metal corrals provide a more efficient means of handling the
stock, require little or no maintenance, and add to the aesthetic value of
the experimental farm.
METABOLISM ROOM
During 1972, a large animal metabolism facility was provided at Area 15
by converting the old telemetry and data analysis rooms and the biology
laboratory into a metabolism area, with associated laboratory and radiation
safety rooms (see figure 3). The specialized purpose of these areas
required the installation of new sewer lines that drain into a contaminated
waste sump at the southwest corner of the farm. In 1974, the drains were
modified so that highly contaminated liquid waste could be diverted into
enclosed tanks. This waste liquid is periodically pumped from the holding
tanks into transport trailers and disposed of by pumping into deep wells
designated for that purpose.
The metabolism area is large enough to accomodate up to six metabolism
^Registered trademark; applies to the Powder River Commercial Welding
Company trade name
3
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WELL UE ISd
SQUEEZE CHUTE & PEN /HAY SHED /MILK PARLOR,
I f
+ P"M
PUMP
CORRALS 1971
I
/ HMI
4]
LACTATING
COWS
CORRAL 1971
META
kBOLISM
ROOM
1972
INDIVIDUAL PENS
DRY COWS LOAFING
PEN 1973
I I
SLAUGHTER
FACILITY 1973 RESERVOIR
RAD SAFE THALLER
FEED BUNK
LACTATING COWS
LOAFING AREA 1973
SHOP ll
\ i
I | N DECON PAD
STORAGE
QUONSET HUT
DISPOSAL SUMP
1972
CONTAMINATION
WASTE TANK
1974
GRASS MIXTURE
GRASS MIXTURE
.£..
.1.
Figure 2. Layout of the Area 15 experimental dairy farm
4
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^
METABOLISM ROOM ^—
HOT LAB
REST - -*
ROOM
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stalls. A separate vacuum pump with suspended vacuum lines was installs
to provide the power for milking machines. A wash area was provided or
sanitation of milking equipment. Overhead hose reels were installed to
facilitate cleaning of study area and metabolism stalls.
The radiation safety room has a shower and clothes-changing area in
addition to shelving for storage of radiation safety supplies needed for
conducting studies. Also included in the study area is a sample control
room that contains a laboratory bench, storage cabinets, and a hood equipped
with a glove box. The vacuum pump for the milking system is also located
in this room.
In 1975, a viewing window was installed in the drug room wall to
enable monitors and researchers to observe experimental procedure and
animals without requiring entry into the metabolism room.
ABATTOIR
During 1973, an additional wing (7.31 X 12.19 meters or 24 X 40 feet)
with approximately 89 square meters (1,000 square feet) was connected to the
southeast corner of the building to provide space for necropsy and sampling
of large animals. This new abattoir has two floor drains in a gutter run-
ning the length of the building. These drains are also connected to the
radioactive waste system. A 907.02 kilograms (1-ton) capacity, overhead,
electric hoist was installed on a track with a maximum hook height of
3.35 meters (11 feet). A double compartment stainless steel sink with hot
and cold running water was installed. The building has an electrical heat-
ing system and has evaporative coolers for cooling. The new slaughter
facility provides a more efficient, convenient, and superior area for sample
collection and processing.
MISCELLANEOUS
The hay shed was raised about 0.60 meters (2 feet) to allow truck pas-
sage for ease of unloading and stacking of hay.
The floor in the barn was resurfaced with an epoxy sand base in order
to provide more traction for the animals and personnel.
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Hard surfacing of the parking area was done during this period. Crushed
rock was spread in the cow lot to fill in areas that had been eroded by heavy
runoff water.
Due to pump failure, the Well UE-15d pump was pulled and a new pump
installed during October 1974.
In 1973, a portable steel building was erected over the wellhead. This
building protects the filter system and exposed waterlines from the elements,
thus cutting maintenance costs.
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HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION
The vital statistics for all cows in the dairy herd from 1971 through
1975 are listed in appendix A. The dairy herd consists of a group of
registered or grade Holstein cows which are maintained in the lots of the
Area 15 experimental farm.
All forage is provided as green feed (alfalfa or rye or alfalfa-grass
mixture), or as alfalfa hay. All green feed forage is produced on the farm
while much of the hay is purchased. The lactating cows are fed a concentrate
of 14-percent protein at each milking.
The milking procedures and dairy practices follow those commonly fol-
lowed by producers in the Great Basin area, with two exceptions. First, the
cows are milked on a schedule of 9- and 15-hour intervals in order to reduce
labor requirements. Second, bucket milkers are used rather than a pipeline
system so that individual milk samples can be collected without cross-
contamination and to have an accurate record of milk production on the
individual cow.
PRODUCTION
As shown in tables of appendix B, the herd average for the 5-year period
was 4,134 kilograms (9,115 pounds) of milk per cow for the actual average
257-day lactation period. The extrapolated average for a 305-day lactation
would be 4,926 kilograms (10,862 pounds) per day for 305 days. This is
higher than the national average of 4,658 kilograms (10,271 pounds) of milk
per cow (Dairy Illustrated 1976).
The production during the period January 1, 1971, through December 31,
1975, was lower than during the previous report periods (Smith and Engel 1969,
and Smith 1970, 1973), when the average production was 6,046 kilograms
(13,331 pounds) of milk per cow. At least two of the factors that caused
8
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lower production are the number of terminal studies (12 animals) that required
high milk producing cows and the fact that some of the heifers kept for
replacement animals did not develop into high milk producing cows (see
appendix-B).
REPRODUCTION
During the period January 1, 1971, through December 31, 1975, 125 calves
were born in the experimental dairy herd (see appendix C). Fifty-three of
the calves were females and 72 were males. During this period, 10 sets of
twins were born for a twinning percentage of 8.7 percent. This is signifi-
cantly higher than the normal rate of 2 to 3 percent and slightly lower than
the 9.4 percent reported previously by Smith (1973). Although the exact cause
of this high incidence of twinning at the Nevada Test Site farm is not known,
factors that might affect the rate include: 1) an increased genetic disposi-
tion toward twinning in certain family blood lines, 2) the above average
nutritional plane of the herd, 3) an imbalance in the calcium phosphorus ratio
(high calcium, low phosphorus), 4) stress conditions experienced by the cows
which might upset the normal hormone balance and result in polyovulation, and
5) the therapeutic use of estrogen for infertility and breeding problems.
Of the 125 calves, 32 were retained as replacements, 24 were transferred to
the University of Nevada, Reno, 46 were euthanized because they were not
needed in the program, 9 were sacrificed as part of experiments, and 14 were
dead on arrival or died shortly after birth.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY
The major health problems encountered were related to the stresses of
production (mastitis) and reproduction (infertility). Some lameness resulted
from the stress of close confinement for long periods required for certain
metabolism studies. No contagious diseases were diagnosed during this period.
All illness or health problems were diagnosed by a veterinarian and recommended
treatment followed.
A preventive medicine program and sanitation program were developed to
decrease the incidence of preventable disease. This included routine palpation
of the reproductive tract with indicated treatments for control of reproductive
diseases, and the sanitation of milking equipment after each cow plus an
antiseptic dipping of the teats after milking to control the spread of mastitis.
Tympanites (bloat) was controlled by feeding poloxalene (Bloat Guaro^j to the
animals during the green feed season. Magnets were used routinely to help
prevent traumatic reticulitis (hardware disease). The magnets were introduced
into the reticulum of the cow to help prevent penetration of critical organs
by attracting and holding ferrous metals (i.e., nails, wire, etc.).
Five cows died from natural causes during 1971-1975. Two died from
tympanites during the evening hours when the herd was unattended, one died from
gangrenous mastitis, one from traumatic reticulitis, and one died from exces-
sive blood loss following self-amputation of a teat.
When possible, unproductive cows and cows that failed to respond to
treatment were salvaged by using them for terminal studies involving technique
development, or were transferred to other agencies. As shown in appendix A,
4 cows were euthanized because of terminal illnesses, 2 cows were used to
develop techniques for handling radioactive contaminated cows, and 14 animals
were transferred to the University of Nevada, Reno.
^Registered trademark; applies to the A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company
trade name
10
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DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS
During 1971 to 1975, the dairy herd was used for six studies that
defined the critical metabolic pathway of selected radionuclides which might
appear in the environment following a nuclear detonation or operation of a
nuclear reactor or result from an accident at a nuclear site. With the
exception of project Tell us, all of these studies were performed under the
auspice of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group's plutonium program.
The cows were selected for the experiments on the basis of production,
stage of lactation, soundness of hoof and legs, temperament, and general
health. The metabolism studies were conducted at the Well 3 facility until
the Area 15 facilities were available in 1972. The animals were put into
specially designed metabolism stalls which provided continuous restraint of
the animal but still allowed sufficient movement for comfort and for milking
and sampling. The stalls were equipped with individual food bunks and auto-
matic waterers. A tray lined with a sheet of plastic was placed under a
metal grate in the floor at the rear of the stall for fecal collection. An
indwelling catheter was placed in the cow and the total urine production
was collected in a plastic bottle for the duration of the experiment.
The studies conducted utilized one to four cows depending upon the
experiment and the animals remained in the metabolism stall for 5 to 21 days
depending on the isotope and objective of the studies. The selected radio-
nuclides were administered either orally via a gelatin capsule or intra-
venously as an isotonic solution.
Samples of blood, urine, feces, and milk were collected on a 12-hour
sampling schedule. Terminal studies were conducted and the animals were
sacrificed to determine the tissue distribution of radionuclides in selected
tissues, especially in muscle and organs which are usually sold for human
consumption.
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ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION OF RADIOTELLURIUM BY THE DAIRY
COW: PROJECT TELLUS (April 26 - May 1, 1971)
The objective of the study was to determine the tissue distribution,
retention, and milk secretion of radiotellurium by dairy cows, and the concen-
tration of radiotellurium in the tissues of calves.
Four lactating cows (numbers 21, 38, 87, and 128) were confined in metabo-
lism stalls and each was given a single oral dose of tellurium-129m. For the
next 5 days, all milk, urine, and feces from the cows were collected and the
tellurium-129m content was measured. In a companion study, three calves
(numbers 206, 207, and 210) were administered radiotellurium orally and sacri-
ficed after varying time periods to determine tissue distribution. The radio-
tellurium was found to be distributed throughout the body of the calves with
the main concentration occurring in the kidney and liver. This study has been
published in the open literature (Mullen and Stanley, 1974).
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF PLUTONIUM BY DAIRY CATTLE:
PROJECT PU-1 (May 17 - July 6, 1972) AND PROJECT PU-2 (April 26 - May 29, 1972)
The objectives of these studies were to obtain information on the signifi-
cance of the milk link in man's food chain as a source of plutonium exposure
and to gain additional information on plutonium patterns in ruminants. Two
groups of Holstein cows, four cows in each group, were studied to examine the
physiological transport of ingested plutonium citrate and plutonium dioxide.
For Project Pu-1, four lactating cows (numbers 45, 87, 128, and 39) were
placed in the metabolism stalls where each was given a single oral dose of
about 6 millicuries of plutonium-238. For the next 3 weeks, the total output
of milk, urine, and feces was collected and the plutonium-238 content measured.
At the end of 3 weeks, the cattle were moved to outside individual pens and
weekly samples taken for an additional 4 weeks. Cows numbered 39 and 87 were
sacrificed July 6, 1972, and samples of tissue and organs were collected and
analyzed for plutonium-238.
For Project Pu-2, four lactating cows (numbers 117, 122, 134, and 185)
were placed in metabolism stalls on April 26 and a daily dose of plutonium-238
dioxide was orally administered for 19 days. The cows remained in the stalls
until May 21 when they were removed from the stalls and placed in individual
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pens. Grab samples of urine and feces were collected until May 29 when the
animals were removed from the individual pens and returned to the herd. Two
of the cows (numbers 122 and 185) were sacrificed on June 24 and tissue samples
were collected for radioanalysis. Details and results of these studies were
published (Stanley et al., 1974).
As expected, the major portion of plutonium activity (approximately
96 percent in Group I and slightly less than 100 percent in Group II) was
excreted in the feces. However, recovered activity in urine and milk following
both the acute dose of plutonium citrate and the multiple doses of plutonium
dioxide confirmed the physiological uptake and transport of both chemical forms.
Total plutonium transport to milk was small and, based on a percent of oral
k _5
dose, was observed to be 2 x 10 and 2 x 10 following the plutonium citrate
and plutonium dioxide treatments (Stanley et al., 1974, 1975).
PASSAGE OF SAND PARTICLES THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF DAIRY COWS:
PROJECT PASS (November 10-25, 1974)
The objective of this study was to determine whether the rates of pas-
sage or residence time for particles in the ruminant digestive tract are
related to particle size.
Silica sand of four graded-size ranges was obtained, and each size
range was labeled by fusion with a gamma-emitting radioisotope. Each size
range was divided into four portions and orally administered to each of four
lactating Hoi stein dairy cows (numbers 123, 153, 184, and 241) maintained
in metabolism stalls.
The cows were fed their normal daily ration of hay and pelleted food;
water was provided ad libitum. The total fecal output from each cow was
collected, weighed, and mixed to obtain a 24-hour composite sample. Samples
were analyzed by gamma-ray spectroscopy to determine the content of labeled
particles.
Although variations were observed among the four cows in the retention
times for the various sized particles, longer retention times were
consistently associated with the larger particles. The average residence
times were:
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Particle Size and Average Residence Time
Isotope Label
15-25 urn (^Ce) 2.0 days
74-88 ym (85Sr) 5.0 days
175-246 pm (5«*Mn) 6.0 days
417-495 Mm (^Sc) 7.2 days
The smallest particles were excreted rapidly, while the three larger
sizes were retained longer at similar residence times. In all cases, nearly
100 percent of the administered dose was recovered in the feces. Some of
the sand particles which cattle may naturally ingest could remain in the
gastrointestinal tract for a month or more. If such particles should con-
tain relatively insoluble transuranic elements, this period would provide
more time for reactions involved in gastrointestinal absorption (e.g.,
chelation and soluble compound formation), so uptake could be greater than
that which would be derived from conventional studies carried out in ruminant
digestion investigations (Smith et al., 1976, and Patzer et al., 1976).
BOVINE TRANSPORT AND RETENTION OF PLUTONIUM-238 WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON
THE GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE OF IN VIVO LABELED MILK: PROJECT PU-3 (April -
May 1975) AND PROJECT PU-4 (November - December 1975)
A two-phase experiment was conducted to determine whether in vivo
plutonium-labeled milk presents the nuclide in a more biologically available
form than in in vitro plutonium preparations typically administered for
intestinal uptake studies. A feasibility study (Phase I) used a total of two
lactating cows (numbers 219 and 220) and four calves, while the more elaborate
definitive study (Phase II) used four cows (numbers 123, 128, 119, and 179)
and 12 calves. All calves were purchased from local dairy herds. Furthermore,
two cull dairy cows (numbers 83 and 133) were used prior to this project in
order to review datailed safety techniques for handling highly contaminated
animals.
Phase I was directed primarily toward confirming the approximate quantity
of plutonium for two different doses, an oral dose for calves and an intravenous
14
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dose for the adult cows. Selection of an appropriate dose for the calves con-
cerned plutonium concentrations needed for the in vivo labeled milk. This
in vivo plutonium-labeled milk would have to contain a sufficiently high nuclide
concentration to allow for the subsequent detection of plutonium in selected
calf tissues. The second dose requiring confirmation was directly related to
the oral dose for calves. It concerned the original intravenous dose to adult
cows that would eventually result in the appropriate plutonium concentration
per gram of milk. It should be noted that there are normal variations in daily
milk production which can apparently alter either the plutonium concentration
per gram of milk or the total amount of plutonium transferred to milk per col-
lection. Furthermore, while the daily milk production of adult Holstein cows
often approximates 20 liters, an individual 10-day-old calf will ingest only
2 to 4 liters of this milk per day.
The first adult cow received a single 83 mCi injection. Milk, urine, and
fecal samples were taken for 72 hours after injection, but no tissue samples
were collected at time of sacrifice 90 hours post-dosing. The second adult cow
received an initial injection of 9.95 mCi, following which milk, urine, and fecal
samples were collected. Three additional plutonium injections were sequentially
administered to this animal (1 per day for 3 consecutive days) beginning
144 hours after the initial dose. Milk collections from this second animal
were fed to the calves for 6 consecutive days.
Information gained during the feasibility study was applied to the design
of a definitive effort (Phase II). Four adult cows were given a single
intravenous injection of citrate-buffered plutonium-238 nitrate (approximately
16.6 mCi per animal). Plutonium-labeled milk from these cows, collected during
the period of peak concentration, was fed to four calves. Four additional
calves received in vitro plutonium-labeled milk prepared with approximately
the same plutonium concentration as in the in vivo labeled milk. Each group of
calves contained two control animals which were sacrificed along with the
experimental calves. Tissues were collected from 11 of the 12 calves for
plutonium analysis. Furthermore, for the Phase II effort, tissues were taken
from the adult cows and analyzed for plutonium content.
15
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In both phases, plutonium-238 was obtained as a dioxide from the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory. It was dissolved in concentrated nitric acid
with a trace of hydrofluoric acid before being converted to the citrate form.
The doses were calibrated by liquid scintillation counting of the
plutonium-238 alpha particles. Radionuclide solutions, approximately 5 ml
by volume and 5 to 6 in pH, were administered to the adult cows by jugular
venipuncture. The in vitro plutonium-labeled milk, given to the Phase II
calves, was prepared by the addition of approximately 5 ml of a plutomum
citrate solution per liter (gallon) of uncontaminated milk. This in vitro
labeled milk was thoroughly shaken and samples were removed for direct
counting to ensure homogeneity and known dosing concentrations.
Plutonium retained in the calf tissues, collected at time of sacrifice,
will be used to compare the relative biological availability of plutonium in
the two treatment groups. Analyses are also being made on excretion patterns
and tissue retention of plutonium in the adult dairy cows used to produce the
in vivo plutonium-labled milk. Portions of the resulting data have been pre-
sented at Nevada Applied Ecology Group meetings (Sutton et al., 1976) and a
comprehensive report will be prepared following completion of radiochemical
assays.
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REFERENCES
Dairy Illustrated. "News for Dairymen." Dairy Illustrated 8(1):3 Spring
1976
Daley, E. M., and D. D. Smith. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy
Farm - January 1966 - December 1968. SWRHL-63r. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
tory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 41 pp. 1969
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm During 1969.
SWRHL-104r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, South-
western Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 19 pp. 1971
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm 1970. SWRHL-
117r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 18 pp. 1972
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Practices of the Nevada Test Site Experimental Dairy
Farm During 1971. 1972, and 1973. EMSL-LV-539-5. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Las Vegas, Nevada. 13 pp. 1976
Douglas, R. L. Status of the Nevada Test Site Experimental Farm - Summary
Report for July 1964 - December 1965. SWRHL-36r. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
tory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 30 pp. 1967
Mullen, A. A., and R. E. Stanley. "Absorption, distribution, and milk
secretion of radionuclides by the dairy cow - Radiotellurium."
Health Phys. 27.:279-284. 1974
Patzer, R. G., G. D. Potter, and W. W. Sutton. "Passage of Sand Particles
Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Dairy Cows." pp. 47-49. Studies
of Environmental Plutonium and Other Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems.
NVO-159. M. G. White and P. B. Dunaway, eds. U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.
189 pp. 1976
Smith, D. D.,and R. E. Engel. Progress Report for the Bioenvironmental Research
May 22, 1964 through July 1. 1966. Part I. Experimental Dairy Herd.
SWRHL-55r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. South-
western Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 106 pp. 1969
17
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Smith, D. D. Status of the Bioenvironmental Research Experimental Dairy Herd
July 1, 1966 through December 31, 1968. SWRHL-67r. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
tory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 90 pp. 1970
Smith, D. D. Status of the Environmental Protection Agency's Nevada Test Site
Experimental Dairy Herd January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970. NERC-LV-
539-22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental
Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. 62 pp. 1973
Smith, D. D., J. Barth, and R. G. Patzer. "Grazing Studies on a Plutonium
Contaminated Range of the Nevada Test Site." pp. 325-336. IAEA-SM-
199/73. Proceedings of the Symposium on Transuranium Nuclides in the
Environment"! San Francisco, California, November 17-21, 1975. 724 pp.
1976
Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer, and W. W. Sutton. "Absorption, Distribu-
tion, and Excretion of Plutonium by Dairy Cows." pp. 163-185. The
Dynamics of Plutonium in Desert Environments. NVO-142. P- B. Dunaway
and M. G. White, eds. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada Operations
Office, Las Vegas, Nevada. 369 pp. 1974
Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer, and W. W. Sutton. "Absorption, Distribu-
tion, and Excretion of Plutonium by Dairy Cattle." pp. 97-124. The
Radioecology of Plutonium and Other Transuranics in Desert Environments.
NVO-153. M. G. White and P. B. Dunaway, eds. U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.
504 pp. 1975
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter. "Bovine Transport
and Retention of Plutonium-238 with Special Emphasis on the Gastrointes-
tinal Uptake of In Vivo Labeled Milk." Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Progress Report. M. G. White and P. B. Dunaway, eds. U.S. Energy
Research and Development Administration, Nevada Operations Office
Las Vegas, Nevada, (in press)
18
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A Vital Statistics and Acquisition Data of Mature Dairy
Animals January 1, 1971 - December 31, 1975 A-l
B Production
Table
B-l Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1971 Through
December 31, 1971 B-l
B-2 Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1972 Through
December 31, 1972 B-2
B-3 Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1973 Through
December 31, 1973 B-3
B-4 Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1974 Through
December 31, 1974 B-4
B-5 Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1975 Through
December 31, 1975 B-5
C Calves Born Into Herd From January 1, 1971 - December 31,
1975 C-l
-------
APPENDIX A.
VITAL STATISTICS AND ACQUISITION DATA OF MATURE DAIRY ANIMALS
JANUARY 1, 1971 DECEMBER 31, 1975
Cow 'Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
No. Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
2 November 19583
13 years 5 months
11 March I9603
11 years 2 months
13 October I9603
12 years 1 month
16 November 19583
14 years 7 months
21 March 26, 1962
11 years 9 months
530 kg
Grade cow
593 kg
Grade cow
634 kg
Grade cow
673 kg
Grade cow
611 kg
Grade cow
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
August 16, 1964
UNR4
Remarks
Died May 10,
1972, from
tympanites.
Sacrificed on
May 20, 1971,
semiannual
sacrifice.
Transferred to
UNR1* November
1972.
Died May 16,
1973, from
traumatic
reticulitis.
Euthanized on
January 7, 1971 ,
lame, diffi-
26 February 24, 1960
11 years
763 kg
Registered cow
39 April 13, 1965
7 years 4 months
707 kg
Registered cow
$400
Oats Brothers
November 15,
1964
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 28.
Sire was Oats
Brothers' bull.
culty in rising
and standing.
Died January 3,
1971, from exceS'
sive blood loss
due to self-
amputation of
teat.
Sacrificed on
July 6, 1972.
Project Pu-1.
!Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
Estimated date of birth, because no records prior to purchase.
= University of Nevada, Reno.
A-l
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
Date of Birth
Age1
Weight2 Cost and
Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
Remarks
43 October 31, 1962
8 years 5 months
45 April 14, 1960
13 years 2 months
46 September 20, 1960
12 years 9 months
47 April 17, 1958
12 years 1 month
48 March 7, 1962
9 years 5 months
71 April 3, 1966
9 years 10 months
83 June 19, 1962
12 years 6 months
84 September 16, 1960
12 years 4 months
780 kg
Registered cow
602 kg
Registered cow
580 kg
Registered cow
668 kg
Registered cow
711 kg
Registered cow
668 kg
Registered cow
630 kg
Registered cow
611 kg
Registered cow
$450
Cantlon Farms
July 23, 1965
$500
Oats Brothers
July 23, 1965
$500
Oats Brothers
July 23, 1965
$400
Oats Brothers
July 23, 1965
$400
Oats Brothers
July 23, 1965
Born in herd
Dam was No. 48.
Sire was
Cantlon's
Phantom.
$499
Oats Brothers
November 16,
1966
$450
Oats Brothers
November 16,
1966
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3 UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
Transferred to
UNR3 February 17,
1971.
Euthanized on
June 13, 1973,
traumatic
reticulitis.
Euthanized on
June 13, 1973,
displaced
abomasum.
Transferred to
UNR3 February 9,
1971.
Died August 24,
1971, from gan-
grenous mastitis.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11 ,
1975.
Sacrificed on
March 31, 1975,
Plutonium study
animal handling
technique devel-
opment.
Euthanized on
May 10, 1972,
lameness,
symptoms of
nymphomania.
A-2
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
87
116
117
119
122
123
126
. Date of Birth
Age1
July 27, 1962
10 years
November 29, 1967
5 years 11 months
November 30, 1967
5 years 8 months
December 23, 1967
7 years 11 months
February 16, 1968
5 years 5 months
February 21, 1968
7 years 9 months
April 15, 1968
2 years 10 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
689 kg
Registered cow
570 kg
Grade cow
727 kg
Registered cow
698 kg
Registered cow
636 kg
Grade cow
595 kg
Grade cow
841 kg
Grade bull
Cost and
Acquisition Date
$600
Oats Brothers
November 16,
1966
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 11 .
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H37.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 2.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 35.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 16.
Remarks
Sacrificed on
July 6, 1972,
Project Pu-1 .
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Sacrificed on
July 26, 1973,
Project Pu-2.
Sacrificed on
November 11 ,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
Sacrificed on
June 25, 1975,
Project Pu-2.
Sacrificed on
November 18,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
Transferred to
UNR3 February 1
Sire was No. 70. 1971.
127 April 24, 1968
7 years 8 months
128 May 16, 1968
7 years 7 months
582 kg
Registered cow
641 kg
Registered cow
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 62.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 39.
Sire was No. 70.
In herd.
Sacrificed on
November 18,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
A-3
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow ' Date at Birth
No. Age1
Weight2 Cost and
Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
Remarks
132
133
134
135
139
July 1, 1968
3 years 1 month
July 19, 1968
7 years 2 months
July 25, 1968
5 years
August 7, 1968
7 years 1 months
August 21, 1968
5 years 7 months
566 kg
Registered cow
682 kg
Registered cow
670 kg
Registered cow
680 kg
Registered cow
500 kg
Grade cow
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 47.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 13.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 27.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 43.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 21.
Sire was No. 70.
Died July 8,
1971, from
traumatic
gastritis.
Sacrificed on
March 26, 1975,
plutonium study
animal handling
technique devel-
opment.
Sacrificed on
July 26, 1973,
Project Pu-2.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.
Sacrificed on
March 13, 1974,
tissues used for
quality assur-
ance.
153 February 25, 1969 764 kg
6 years 10 months Grade cow
162 July 16, 1969 723 kg
6 years 5 months Grade cow
159 June 14, 1969 623 kg
6 years 6 months Grade cow
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 71.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 21.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 92.
Sire was No. 70.
In herd.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Died May 5, 1973,
tympanites.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
A-4
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
171
172
173
174
175
179
184
- Date of Birth
Age1
July 1, 1966
7 years 4 months
May 5, 1965
8 years 6 months
July 13, 1965
8 years 4 months
August 8, 1965
8 years 3 months
July 6, 1966
7 years 4 months
December 9, 1969
6 years
February 11, 1970
5 years 10 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
436 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
400 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
430 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
434 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
477 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
773 kg
Grade cow
677 kg
Grade cow
Cost and
Acquisition Date
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$300
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 26.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 117.
Remarks
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Sacrificed on
November 1 1 ,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
In herd.
Sire was H57.
xAge as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
A-5
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
185
196
197
198
208
209
211
218
219
220
. Date of Birth
Age1
February 16, 1970
3 years 4 months
June 2, 1970
5 years 6 months
July 1, 1970
5 years 5 months
July 1, 1970
5 years 5 months
December 17, 1970
5 years
December 28, 1970
5 years
February 18, 1971
4 years 10 months
May 18, 1971
4 years 7 months
June 3, 1971
4 years 6 months
June 3, 1971
4 years 6 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
725 kg
Grade cow
630 kg
Grade cow
756 kg
Grade cow
795 kg
Grade cow
713 kg
Grade cow
AI4
707 kg
Grade cow
702 kg
Grade cow
AI*
768 kg
Grade cow
AI4
766 kg
Grade cow
AI1*
725 kg
Grade cow
AI"
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 2.
Sire was H306.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 122.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 45.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 39.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 21 .
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 48.
Sire was H322.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 122.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H314.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was H290.
Remarks
Sacrificed on
June 25, 1973,
Project Pu-2.
Transferred to
UNR3 November 21
1973.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Sacrificed on
April 19, 1975,
Project Pu-3.
Sacrificed on
May 5, 1975,
Project Pu-3.
TAge as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3AI = artificial insemination.
4UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
A-6
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
221
227
241
248
250
251
252
256
257
• Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
June 17, 1971
4 years 6 months
September 6, 1971
4 years 3 months
December 22, 1971
4 years
June 27, 1972
3 years 6 months
July 3, 1972
3 years 5 months
July 3, 1972
3 years 5 months
July 8, 1972
3 years 5 months
August 7, 1972
3 years 4 months
August 7, 1972
3 years 4 months
624 kg
Grade cow
807 kg
Grade cow
720 kg
Grade cow
782 kg
Grade cow
AI*
527 kg
Grade cow
AI4
598 kg
Grade cow
AI"
630 kg
Grade cow
AI*
540 kg
Grade cow
AI4
541 kg
Grade cow
AI"
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 139.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 162.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 128.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 153.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was H290.
Remarks
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
= artificial insemination.
A-7
-------
APPENDIX A. CONTINUED
Cow
No.
269
278
280
281
284
' Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date Remarks
November 7, 1972
3 years 1 month
July 1, 1973
2 years 5 months
July 6, 1973
2 years 5 months
July 8, 1973
2 years 5 months
August 15, 1973
2 years 4 months
504 kg
Grade cow
682 kg
Grade cow
602 kg
Grade cow
630 kg
Grade cow
534 kg
Grade cow
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 197.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 184.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 135.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was No. 216.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
A-8
-------
3-1. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1971,
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1971
Cow
No.
13
21
39
48
71
87
116
117
122
128
133
134
135
139
171
175
Production
(kg)1
5,692
8,188
3,233
4,546
4,090
7,757
4,566
2,967
3,613
5,593
1,174
4,119
4,528
2,126
2,450
4,828
Lactation
(days)
313
305
252
198
219
305
293
212
175
302
122
293
289
165
137
289
From
09/28/70
01/07/71
12/17/70
02/07/71
04/15/71
10/14/70
01/02/71
04/13/71
05/19/71
01/13/71
04/10/71
11/15/70
01/13/71
05/29/71
05/09/71
03/03/71
To
08/06/71
11/08/71
08/26/71
08/24/712
11/20/71
08/15/71
10/21/71
11/20/71
11/10/71
11/03/71
08/10/71
09/04/71
11/29/71
11/10/71
09/23/71
12/17/71
Average Production 4,342 kilograms
convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2Died
B-l
-------
B-2. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1972,
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1972
Cow
No.
2
13
16
45
46
83
117
119
122
123
127
128
134
153
153
159
1593
162
173
174
179
1843
185
1963
1973
Production
(kg)1
3,634
5,831
7,012
6,192
5,680
6,966
3,525
4,771
3,386
4,459
4,783
6,537
5,236
4,842
2,941
2,161
459
2,884
4,717
3,890
2,643
333
3,959
119
30
Lactation
(days)
188
317
310
298
289
303
223
305
222
217
271
283
284
306
137
200
57
220
301
300
224
44
308
37
12
From
11/04/71
11/18/71
08/04/71
11/27/71
10/27/71
08/02/71
04/13/72
07/06/71
04/02/72
09/13/71
08/12/71
12/23/71
11/22/71
08/02/71
07/09/72
09/29/71
09/27/72
09/10/71
08/25/71
09/04/71
09/07/71
08/08/72
09/04/71
08/07/72
11/01/72
To
05/1 0/722
10/01/72
03/31/72
09/15/72
08/11/72
03/31/72
11/22/72
05/06/72
11/22/72
04/17/72
03/09/72
10/01/72
09/01/72
06/03/72
11/23/72
04/16/72
11/23/72
04/17/72
06/21/72
06/30/72
04/18/72
09/21/72
07/08/72
09/13/72
11/12/72
Average Production 4,574 kilograms
JTo convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds
2 Died
3Not included in the average, less than 100 days production
B-2
-------
B-3. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1973,
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1973
Cow
No.
16
21
83
116
117
119
1223
123
127
128
133
134
135
162
171
173
174
175
179
185
196?
198
211
71
Average
Production
(kg)1
5,695
7,717
4,689
5,641
2,810
6,112
2,225
3,940
5,926
6,589
4,119
4,698
5,927
3,064
5,664
3,560
3,972
5,078
4,476
3,590
307
1,444
2,005
2,554
Production 4,512
!To convert to pounds: 2
3M«t -inri lifted in the aver
Lactation
(days)
249
303
266
308
123
312
89
260
318
'320
304
265
303
187
305
239
304
304
317
194
56
159
275
195
kilograms
.205 X kilograms =
•age, less than 100
From
09/09/72
04/27/72
07/04/72
02/05/72
03/25/73
08/04/72
03/28/73
10/02/72
06/27/72
12/08/72
05/03/72
11/03/72
05/28/72
10/21/72
12/08/72
07/31/72
12/09/72
04/23/72
09/23/72
12/13/72
07/06/73
11/16/72
11/29/72
09/13/72
pounds.
days production
To
05/16/73
02/24/73
03/27/73
10/09/73
07/26/732
06/12/73
06/25/732
06/19/73
05/11/73
10/24/73
03/03/73
07/26/732
03/27/73
04/26/73
10/09/73
03/27/73
10/09/73
02/21/73
08/06/73
06/25/732
08/31/73
04/24/73
08/31/73
03/27/73
B-3
-------
B-4. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1974,
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1974
Cow
No.
71
83
119
123
127
128
133
135
139
153
179
184
1972
198
208
209
211
218
219
220
221
Average
Production
(kg)1
4,076
2,066
5,698
4,364
4,147
5,967
3,867
4,768
4,120
3,232
4,385
3,640
31
4,174
1,388
4,746
3,603
1,696
4,043
4,158
801
Production 3,732 kilograms
Lactation
(days)
275
278
, 293
270
259
294
263
278
228
229
263
286
7
272
179
302
238
159
322
326
127
From
01/18/74
08/16/74
01/15/73
03/18/74
11/15/73
11/30/73
04/12/74
07/09/73
07/03/73
08/27/73
10/16/73
05/25/74
01/14/74
01/16/74
10/16/73
11/21/73
04/19/74
11/05/73
11/01/73
10/28/73
12/07/73
To
10/16/74
05/21/74
09/19/74
12/14/74
07/01/74
09/19/74
12/28/74
04/13/74
02/16/74
04/13/74
07/06/74
04/13/74
01/22/74
10/16/74
04/13/74
09/19/74
12/14/74
04/13/74
09/19/74
09/19/74
04/13/74
!To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2Not included in average, less than 100 days production
B-4
-------
B-5. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1975,
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1975
Cow
No.
83
1192
1232
127
128
1332
153
179
184
197
208
209
218
2192
2202
221
227
241
250
251
252
256
269
2782
Average
Production
(kg)i
3,486
703
887
4,098
2,177
194
2,834
3,012
3,593
3,865
3,304
4,353
2,377
799
1,683
4,435
2,759
3,825
4,194
4,069
3,423
3,118
4,179
1,102
Production 3,508 kilograms
Lactation
(days)
264
37
44
305
113
8
203
229
279
197
245
309
160
35
78
275
307
307
306
310
294
274
283
91
From
07/10/74
10/05/75
10/05/75
09/15/74
07/29/75
03/18/75
10/09/74
12/09/74
08/25/74
03/24/75
03/08/75
11/25/74
11/09/74
03/16/75
02/16/75
02/06/75
04/12/74
05/28/74
12/05/75
11/13/74
02/12/75
02/07/75
01/29/75
09/25/75
To
03/31/75
11/11/75
11/18/75
07/16/75
11/18/75
03/26/75
04/20/75
07/25/75
02/26/75
10/07/75
11/07/75
09/27/75
04/20/75
04/19/75
05/05/75
11/07/75
02/14/75
03/31/75
10/06/75
09/18/75
12/03/75
11/07/75
11/07/75
12/25/75
convert to pounds: 2.205 x kilograms -
2Not included in the average, less than 100
pounds.
days production
B-5
-------
APPENDIX C. CALVES BORN INTO HERD FROM JANUARY 1, 1971 - DECEMBER 31, 1975
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
210 01/12/71 M 40 135 126 Holstein
211 02/18/71 F 38 48 H322 Holstein
212 02/21/71 M 32 175 126
213 04/10/71 F 30 133 512
214 04/10/71 M 30 133 512
215
216
04/21/71 F 39 117 512
Jersey
Holstein
Crossbred
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
04/24/71 M 48 71 126 Holstein
217 05/09/71 M 32 171 J4931 Jersey
218 05/18/71 F 45 122 H290 Holstein
219 06/03/71 F 44 83 H314 Holstein
220 06/03/71 F 37 127 H290 Holstein
221 06/17/71 F 35 139 126 Holstein
llo convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds
= University of Nevada, Reno.
C-l
Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
Twin of 214. Transferred
to UNR2 November 28, 1971.
Twin of 213. Transferred
to UNR2 November 28, 1971.
Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971,
Sacrificed March 13, 1974.
Belligerent and deemed
safety hazard. Tissues
used for quality assurance.
Euthanized May 10, 1971.
Not needed in program.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd* Sacrificed
April 19, 1975, Project
Pu-3.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd. Sacrificed
May 5, 1975, Project Pu-3.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. .Date Sex (kg) No. No.
Breed
Remarks
222 06/24/71
M 41 16 H322 Hoi stein Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
223 06/05/71 M 41 119 H63
224 08/02/71 M 41
Hoi stein Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
153 126 Hoi stein Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
225 08/24/71 M 30 173 J4931 Jersey
Euthanized August 24, 1971.
Not needed in oroaram.
226 09/04/71 M 35 185 187 Hoi stein Eutnanizecj September 5,
1971. Not needed in
program.
227 09/06/71 F
228 09/09/71 M
38 162 126 Hoi stein Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
41 123 126
Hoi stein Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
229 09/16/71 M 33 174 126 Holstein Sacrificed August 30, 1972.
230 09/19/71 M 34 179 187
Holstein Euthanized September 20,
1971. Not needed in
program.
231 09/27/71 F
NW3 159 126 Holstein Twin of 232. Transferred to
UNR2 October 9, 1973.
232 09/27/71 M NW3 159 126 Holstein Twin 0^231. ^erred to
233 10/27/71 M NW3 46 126 Holstein Twin of 234. Dead on arrival
234 10/27/71 NW3 46 126 Holstein Twin of 233. Dead on arrival
36
235 11/13/71 F
2 H290 Holstein Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
*To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
= Not weighed
C-2
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APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. -Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
236 11/19/71 M 42 13 126 Holstein
237 11/19/71 M 41 39 126
Holstein
238 11/21/71 M 42 134 126 Holstein
239 11/21/71 M 45 456 H290 Holstein
240 11/24/71 F 37 87 126 Holstein
241 11/22/71 F 39 128 H290 Holstein
242 04/14/72 M 38 117 H290 Holstein
243 04/15/72 M 41 122 H290 Holstein
244 04/27/72 M 39 21 H290 Holstein
245 05/02/72 M 37 133 H290 Holstein
246 05/27/72 M 41 135 H290 Holstein
247 06/27/72 M 32 127 H290 Holstein
248 06/27/72 F 32 127 H290 Holstein
Euthanized November 19,
1971. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized November 19,
1971. Not needed in
program.
Died December 19, 1971.
Cause of death pneumonia.
Dead on arrival.
Died from injury Novem-
ber 28, 1971.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Sacrificed October 19,
1972, feed lot study.
Euthanized April 16,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized April 27,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized August 12,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized August 12, 1972.
Not needed in program.
Twin of 248. Euthanized
August 12, 1972. Not
needed in program.
Twin of 247. Transferred
to UNR2 March 11, 1975.
convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
C-3
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
249 06/29/72 M 27 171 J4931 Jersey Euthanized August 12, 1972.
Not needed in program.
250 07/03/72 F 32 83 H290 Hoi stein Twin of 251. Retained as
replacement animal in herd.
251 07/03/72 F 34 83 H290 Hoi stein Twin of 250. Retained as
replacement animal in herd.
252 07/08/72 F 45 153 H290 Hoi stein Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
253 07/30/72 M 36 173 J4931 Jersey Euthanized August 12, 1972.
Not needed in program.
254 08/01/72 F 23 175 J4931 Jersey
Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 21, 1973.
255 08/03/72 M 41 119 H290 Holstein Euthanized August 12, 1972.
Not needed in program.
256 08/07/72 F 30 196 H290 Holstein Twin of 257. Retained as
replacement animal in herd.
257 08/07/72 F 32 196 H290 Holstein Twin of 256. Transferred
to UNR2 March 11, 1975.
258 08/17/72 M 34 184 514 Holstein Twin to 259. Euthanized
Hereford August 18, 1972.
Crossbred
259 08/17/72 M 32 184 514 Holstein Twin to 258. Euthanized
Hereford August 18, 1972.
Crossbred
260 08/29/72 M 36 116 514 Holstein Euthanized August 29, 1972.
Hereford Not needed in program.
Crossbred
08/31/72 M 27 174 J4931 Jersey Euthanized August 31 , 1972.
uo/oi// n program.
?fil
co i
?fi? 09/12/72 M 36 71 514 Holstein Euthanized September 13,
262 uy/u//^ oo Hereford 1972. Not needed in program.
Crossbred program.
*To convert to pounds: 2.20b X kilograms = pounds.
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
C-4
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth
No. , Date Sex
Wt.1 Dam Sire
(kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
263 09/13/72 M
NW2 16 514 Hoi stein
Hereford
Crossbred
34
38
32
123
159
162
514
514
514
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Holstein
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
264 09/22/72 M 41 179 H290 Hoi stein
265 10/01/72 M
266 10/04/72 F
267 10/21/72 F
268 11/03/72 F 41 134 H290 Hoi stein
269 11/07/72 F 38 197 216 Holstein
270 11/16/72 M 38 198 216 Holstein
271 11/28/72 M 41 211 216 Holstein
272 12/08/72 M 38 128 H290 Holstein
273 12/12/72 F
1To convert to pounds;
2NW = Not weighed
34 185 515 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
Euthanized September 13,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized September 23,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized October 10,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Dead at birth.
Euthanized October 21,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd. Died
October 13, 1974 of bloat.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Euthanized November 17,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized November 28,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized December 8,
1972. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized March 25, 1973.
Not needed in program.
C-5
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. - Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
274 03/24/73 M 32 117 216 Holstein
275 03/24/73 F 27 117 216 Holstein
276 03/27/73 M 45 122 H290 Holstein
277 04/18/73 F 40 133 216 Holstein
278 07/01/73 F 38 184 216 Holstein
279 07/02/73 M 41 139 216 Holstein
280 07/06/73 F 43 196 216 Holstein
281 07/08/73 F 38 135 216 Holstein
282 07/16/73 M 27 173 J4931 Jersey
283 07/17/73 M 45 21 216 Holstein
284 08/15/73 F 38 83 216 Holstein
285 08/26/73 F NW3 153 216 Holstein
286 10/15/73 F 38 127 H290 Holstein
287 10/16/73 M 41 208 216 Holstein
288 10/16/73 M 38 179 216 Holstein
'To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
3NW = Not weighed
C-6
Twin of 275. Euthanized
March 25, 1973. Not
needed in program.
Twin of 274. Euthanized
March 25, 1973. Not
needed in program.
Tissues used for tritium
studies.
Transferred to UNR 2
March 11, 1975.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Euthanized July 2, 1973.
because of broken leg.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2
November 21, 1973.
Transferred to UNR2
November 21, 1973.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Dead at birth.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. ,Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
289 (Number not used)
290 11/04/73 M 41 218 216 Holstein
291 11/07/73 M 38 220 216 Holstein
292 11/28/73 F 41 128 216 Holstein
293 12/03/73 M 43 209 216 Holstein
294 12/06/73 F 38 221 216 Holstein
295 12/11/73 M 41 119 216 Holstein
296 01/12/74 M NW3 197 216 Holstein
297 01/16/74 F 36 198 216 Holstein
298 01/17/74 M NW3 71 216 Holstein
299 03/18/74 F 38 123 H290 Holstein
300 04/12/74 M 39 227 216 Holstein
301 04/12/74 M NW3 133 216 Holstein
302 04/12/74 F NW3 133 216 Holstein
303 04/19/74 M 41 211 19/H63 Holstein
304 05/25/74 M NW3 184 19/H63 Holstein
I1o convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds,
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
3Not weighed
C-7
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Dead on arrival.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Dead on arrival.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.
Twin of 302. Dead on
arrival.
Twi n of 301. Dead on
arrival.
Euthanized. Not needed
in program.
Twin of 305. Dead on
arrival.
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam
No. .Date Sex (kg) No.
Sire
No. Breed
Remarks
305 05/25/74 F NW2 184 19/H63 Holstein
306 06/15/74 M 38 241
307 07/10/74 F 41 83
216 Holstein
216 Holstein
308 09/13/74 M 38 127 19/H63 Holstein
309 09/29/74 M 43 153 19/H63 Holstein
310 11/11/74 F 41 218
311 11/11/74 F 36 179
312 11/11/74 F 36 251
313 11/25/74 F 41 209
314 12/03/74 F 38 250
315 12/07/74 F 41 197
316 01/28/75 M NW2 269
317 02/05/75 F 34 221
318 02/11/75 M 36 252
19/H63 Holstein
19/H63 Holstein
216 Holstein
19/H63 Holstein
216 Holstein
216 Holstein
Twin of 304. Dead on
arrival.
In herd. Steer.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Euthanized, September 14,
1974. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized, September 14,
1974. Not needed in
program.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
3919 Holstein Dead on arrival.
517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.
Euthanized. Not needed
in program.
convert to pounds:
2NW = Not weighed
2.205 X kilograms = pounds,
C-8
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. .Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
319 02/15/75 M 41 220 3919 Hoi stein
320 02/24/75 F 38 256 517 Hoi stein
Hereford
Crossbred
321 03/07/75 F 34 208 517 Hoi stein
Hereford
Crossbred
322 03/15/75 F 38 219 3919 Hoi stein
323 03/18/75 M 41 133 3919 Holstein
324 07/21/75 M 43 128 3919 Holstein
325 08/21/75 M 36 198 517
330 10/05/75 M NW2 119 517
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
326 09/02/75 M 45 211 HI 91 Holstein
327 09/24/75 F 36 278 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
328 09/28/75 F 38 123 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
329 10/01/75 F 36 179 517
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
!To convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2NU = Not weighed
C-9
Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.
Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.
Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.
Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.
Euthanized July 23, 1975,
Not needed in program.
Euthanized August 22,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized September 3,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized September 25,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized September 29,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized October 1,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized October 6,
1975. Not needed in
program.
-------
APPENDIX C. CONTINUED
Animal Birth Wt.1 Dam Sire
No. 'Date Sex (kg) No. No. Breed
Remarks
331 11/25/75 M 41 281 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
332 12/04/75 M 36 280 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
333 12/07/75 M 41 184 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
334 12/11/75 M 43 284 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
335 12/18/75 M 45 241 517 Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
convert to pounds: 2.205 X kilograms = pounds,
Euthanized November 26,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized December 5,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized December 7,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized December 12,
1975. Not needed in
program.
Euthanized December 21,
1975. Not needed in
program.
C-10
-------
DISTRIBUTION
1 - 40 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas
41 Mahlon E. Gates, Manager, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
42 Troy E. Wade, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
43 David G. Jackson, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
44 Paul 0. Mudra, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
45 Elwood M. Douthett, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
46 - 47 Ernest D. Campbell, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
48 - 49 Paul B. Dunaway, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
50 - 51 Mary G. White, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
52 Roger Ray, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
53 Robert W. Taft, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
54 Leon Silverstrom, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
55 Robert W. Newman, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
56 Bruce W. Church, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
57 - 58 Technical Library, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
59 Chief, NOB/DNA, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
60 Hal Hollister, DSSC, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
61 Tommy F- McCraw, DOS, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
62 L. Joe Deal, DOS, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
63 - 67 Major General Joseph K. Bratton, Asst. Gen. Mgr., DMA,
ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
68 Gordon F. Facer, DMA, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
69 James L. Liverman, Director, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
70 Robert L. Watters, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
71 John S. Kirby-Smith, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
72 Charles L. Osterberg, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
73 Robert W. Wood, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
74 William S. Osburn, Jr., DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
75 Ray Brechbill, ERDA/SAN, Oakland, CA
76 Marcie Williamson, HSL/INEL, ERDA/ID, Idaho Falls, ID
77 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
-------
78 Helen Pfuderer, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
79 P. Wahlgren, CARL, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
80 H. E. Walburg, CARL, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
81 Asst. Admin, for Research and Development, EPA, Washington, DC
82 Deputy Asst. Admin, for Radiation Programs, EPA, Washington, DC
83 Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
84 Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP, EPA, WAshington, DC
85 Director, Div. of Technology Assessment, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
86 Director, Office of Technical Analysis, EPA, Washington, DC
87 Library, EPA, Washington, DC
88 Paul DeFalco, Jr., Deputy Regional Admin., Region IX, EPA,
San Francisco, CA
89 James K. Channell, Regional Radiation Representative, Region IX,
EPA, San Francisco, CA
90 Richard L. Blanchard, Director, Radiochemistry and Nuclear
Engineering Branch, EPA, Cincinnati, OH
91 Charles R. Porter, Director, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility,
EPA, Montgomery, AL
92 Peter Halpin, Chief, APTIC, EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
93 Harold F. Mueller, ARL, NOAA, Las Vegas, NV
94 Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD
95 K. M. Oswald, Mgr., Health and Safety, LLL, Mercury, NV
96 Bernard W. Shore, LLL, Livermore, CA
97 Richard L. Wagner, LLL, Livermore, CA
98 Howard W. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA
99 Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
100 Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, LLL, Livermore, CA
101 J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
102 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
103 Lamar J. Johnson, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
104 George E. Tucker, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
105 Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
106 Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
107 R. Glen Fuller, Oracle, AZ
108 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH
109 Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV
-------
110 Savino W. Cavender, REECo, Mercury, NV
111 Auda F. Morrow, CETO, NTS, Mercury, NV
112 Billy Moore, NTSSO, ERDA/NV, Mercury, NV
113 Leo Bustad, Director, Veterinary Medicine, Washington State
University, Pullman, WA
114 Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
115 Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
116 Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
117 Library, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
118 Verle R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
119 Lloyd P. Smith, President, Desert Research Institute,
University of Nevada, Reno, NV
120 Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada, Reno, NV
121 Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director, Applied Ecology and Physiology
Center, Desert Research Institute, Boulder City, NV
122 William S. Twenhofel, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
123 Manager, Desert National Wildlife Range, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Las Vegas, NV
124 Supervisor, Region III, Nevada Fish and Game Department,
Las Vegas, NV
125 Paul Lyons, Nevada Wildlife Research, Division of Archives,
Capitol Building Annex, Carson City, NV
126 Deward W. Efurd, McClellan Central Laboratory, McClellan
Air Force Base, CA
127 L. L. Skolil, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
128 - 155 Technical Information Center, ERDA, Oak Ridge, TN
(for public availability)
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