EMSL-LV-0539-9                                                  EMSL-LV-0539-9
                  FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL
                 DAIRY HERD MAINTAINED ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE
                               1971 THROUGH 1975
              Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
                Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
                     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                             Las Vegas, NV  89114
                            Published June 1977
                    This study performed under a Memorandum
                      of Understanding No. EY-76-A-080539
                                     for the
              U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

-------
This report was prepared as an account of work  sponsored  by  the  United  States
Government.  Neither the United States nor the  United  States Energy  Research
and Development Administration, nor any of their  employees,  nor  any  of  their
contractors, subcontractors, or their employees,  makes any warranty,  express
or implied, or assumes any legal  liability or responsibility for the  accuracy,
completeness or usefulness of any information,  apparatus, product or  process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe  privately-owned  rights.
            AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
                            U.S.  DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                              SPRINGFIELD, VA  22161

                   PRICE:   PAPER COPY  $5.45  MICROFICHE  $2.25

-------
EMSL-LV-0539-9                                                  EMSL-LV-0539-9
                   FIVE-YEAR  SUMMARY  REPORT  OF  AN  EXPERIMENTAL
                  DAIRY  HERD  MAINTAINED  ON THE  NEVADA  TEST  SITE
                                1971  THROUGH 1975
                                        by
                                    E. M. Daley
              Monitoring  Systems  Research and Development Division
                 Environmental  Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
                      U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                              Las  Vegas, NV  89114
                             Published June 1977
                    This study performed under a Memorandum
                      of Understanding No.  EY-76-A-080539
                                     for the
              U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

-------
                                   ABSTRACT

     The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Las Vegas,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, maintains an experimental  dairy herd
in Area 15 of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration's
Nevada Test Site.  This report covers the period January 1,  1971,  through
December 31, 1975, giving the status of the herd for this period of time.
Improvements, changes, and additions made on the facilities, the production
and reproduction statistics of individual cows and the herd, and summaries
of metabolism studies that involved the dairy herd are also  covered in this
report.
                                       i n

-------
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                       Page

ABSTRACT                                                                ii *

INTRODUCTION    ,                                                         }

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT                                                 3

  METABOLISM ROOM                                                        3

  ABATTOIR                                                               6

  MISCELLANEOUS                                                          6

HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION                                           8

  PRODUCTION                                                             8

  REPRODUCTION                                                           9

VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY                                         10

DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS                                   11

  ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION OF RADIOTELLURIUM
  BY THE  DAIRY COW:  PROJECT TELLUS (April 26 - May 1, 1971)            11

  ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF PLUTONIUM BY  DAIRY
  CATTLE:  PROJECT  PU-1  (May 17 - July  6, 1972) AND PROJECT  PU-2
   (April  26  - May 29,  1972)                                              12

  PASSAGE OF SAND PARTICLES THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF
  DAIRY COWS:  PROJECT PASS (November 10 - 25, 1974)                     13

  BOVINE  TRANSPORT  AND RETENTION OF PLUTONIUM-238 WITH SPECIAL
  EMPHASIS ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE OF IN VIVO  LABELED MILK:
  PROJECT PU-3 (April  - May 1975) AND PROJECT PU-4  (November -
  December 1975)                                                         14

  REFERENCES                                                            17

  APPENDICES

  DISTRIBUTION

                                        iv

-------
                                 INTRODUCTION

     The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, of the
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency has maintained an experimental dairy
facility on the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administrations's Nevada
Test Site since 1964.  From 1964-1966, the entire dairy herd was maintained
at Well 3 in Area 6 (see figure 1).  In 1966, the lactating herd was trans-
ferred to the new facility at Area 15.  Nonlactating cows and replacement
heifers continued to be maintained at the Well 3 facility until  1972,  and
animal sacrifices were conducted there until  1973 when appropriate facilities
became available at the Area 15 experimental  farm.
     The establishment of the experimental farm and the previous status
reports on the dairy herd have been published (Douglas 1967, Smith and Engel
1969, and Smith 1970, 1973).  Reports on the agronomic practices of the Area  15
experimental farm were published previously (Daley and Smith 1969, and Daley
1971, 1972, and 1976).
     This report covers the period of January 1, 1971, through December 31,
1975.  It lists changes and improvements made on facilities, presents  herd
and individual production and reproduction statistics, details health  problems,
and summarizes research studies that involved the dairy herd.

-------
                                                         EXPERIMENTAL FARM
             28 }   119    PAHUTE
   I   NRDS
   I  BUFFER  I
      ZONE
 TONOPAH 140 MILES
 125.3 kilometers
Figure 1.   Location of Area 15  farm and experimental  facilities  on the
            Test Site 1970 through  1975.
                                        2

-------
                           FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

     During the period covered by this report, as shown in figure 2, major
modifications and additions were made to the Area 15 facility which allowed
the abandonment of the Well 3 facility in 1973.  This centralization of all
dairy operations at Area 15 resulted in a much more economical and efficient
operation in maintenance and feeding of the herd and provided improved
experimental facilities for dairy cow metabolism studies.
CORRALS
                        (iTi
     Metal (Powder RiverM panel-type corrals were erected at Area 15 in 1971
to replace the wooden corrals for the lactating herd and provide new corrals
for the dry cows and heifers.  Additional panels were erected in 1973 to
provide for loafing areas for the lactating herd and for the dry cows and
heifers.  The metal corrals provide a more efficient means of handling the
stock, require little or no maintenance, and add to the aesthetic value of
the experimental farm.
METABOLISM ROOM
     During 1972, a large animal metabolism facility was provided at Area 15
by converting the old telemetry and data analysis rooms and the biology
laboratory into a metabolism area, with associated laboratory and radiation
safety rooms (see figure 3).  The specialized purpose of these areas
required the installation of new sewer lines that drain into a contaminated
waste sump at the southwest corner of the farm.  In 1974,  the drains were
modified so that highly contaminated liquid waste could be diverted into
enclosed tanks.  This waste liquid is periodically pumped  from the holding
tanks into transport trailers and disposed of by pumping into deep wells
designated for that purpose.
     The metabolism area is large enough to accomodate up  to six metabolism
   ^Registered trademark; applies to the Powder River Commercial Welding
Company trade name
                                       3

-------

                           WELL UE ISd

SQUEEZE CHUTE & PEN   /HAY SHED       /MILK PARLOR,
                                                           I         f
                                                          +       P"M
                                                                  PUMP
     CORRALS 1971
             I
/ HMI



4]
                                LACTATING
                                COWS
                                CORRAL 1971
     META
   kBOLISM
     ROOM
      1972
                 INDIVIDUAL PENS
     DRY  COWS LOAFING
     PEN  1973
                                 I          I
                                             SLAUGHTER
                                             FACILITY 1973     RESERVOIR
                                                         RAD SAFE THALLER
                               FEED BUNK
                     LACTATING  COWS
                     LOAFING AREA 1973
                         SHOP      ll


                                  \ i
I   |        N  DECON  PAD
  STORAGE
                                                 QUONSET HUT
                                                DISPOSAL SUMP
                                                         1972
                                                         CONTAMINATION
                                                         WASTE  TANK
                                                                 1974
                                                                                 GRASS MIXTURE
                                                                                GRASS MIXTURE
                                                                                .£..
                                                                                .1.
Figure  2.   Layout  of  the  Area 15  experimental  dairy  farm

                                                  4

-------
  ^
METABOLISM ROOM ^—

HOT LAB
REST - -*
ROOM



-------
 stalls.  A separate vacuum pump with suspended vacuum lines was installs
 to provide the power for milking machines.  A wash area was provided  or
 sanitation of milking equipment.  Overhead hose reels were installed to
 facilitate cleaning of study area and metabolism stalls.
     The radiation safety room has a shower and clothes-changing area in
 addition to shelving for storage of radiation safety supplies needed for
 conducting studies.  Also included in the study area is a sample control
 room that contains a laboratory bench, storage cabinets,  and a hood equipped
 with a glove box.  The vacuum pump for the milking system is also located
 in this room.
     In 1975, a viewing window was installed in the drug  room wall to
 enable monitors and researchers to observe experimental procedure and
 animals without requiring entry into the metabolism room.

ABATTOIR
     During 1973, an additional  wing (7.31 X 12.19 meters or 24 X 40 feet)
with approximately 89 square meters (1,000 square feet) was connected to the
southeast corner of the building to provide space for necropsy and sampling
of large animals.  This new abattoir has two floor drains in a gutter run-
ning the length of the building.   These drains are also connected to the
 radioactive waste system.  A 907.02 kilograms (1-ton) capacity, overhead,
electric hoist was installed on a track with a maximum hook height of
 3.35 meters (11 feet).   A double compartment stainless steel sink with  hot
 and cold running water was installed.  The building has an electrical heat-
 ing system and has evaporative coolers for cooling.  The new slaughter
 facility provides a more efficient, convenient, and superior area for sample
 collection and processing.
 MISCELLANEOUS
     The hay shed was raised about 0.60 meters (2 feet) to allow  truck  pas-
 sage for ease of unloading and stacking of hay.
     The floor in the barn was resurfaced with an epoxy sand base  in order
 to provide more  traction for the animals and personnel.

-------
     Hard surfacing of the parking area was done during this period.  Crushed
rock was spread in the cow lot to fill  in areas that had been eroded by heavy
runoff water.
     Due to pump failure, the Well UE-15d pump was pulled and a new pump
installed during October 1974.
     In 1973,  a portable steel building was erected over the wellhead.   This
building protects the filter system and exposed waterlines from the elements,
thus cutting maintenance costs.

-------
                        HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION

      The  vital  statistics for all cows in the dairy herd from 1971  through
 1975  are  listed  in appendix A.  The dairy herd consists of a group  of
 registered or grade Holstein cows which are maintained in the lots  of the
 Area  15 experimental farm.

      All  forage  is provided as green feed (alfalfa or rye or alfalfa-grass
 mixture), or as  alfalfa hay.  All green feed forage is produced on  the farm
 while much of the hay is purchased.   The lactating cows are fed a concentrate
 of  14-percent protein at each milking.

      The milking procedures and dairy practices follow those commonly fol-
 lowed by producers in the Great Basin area, with two exceptions.  First, the
 cows are milked on a schedule of 9-  and 15-hour intervals in order to reduce
 labor requirements.   Second, bucket  milkers are used rather than a  pipeline
 system so that individual  milk samples  can  be collected without cross-
 contamination and to have an accurate record of milk production on the
 individual cow.

 PRODUCTION

     As shown in tables  of appendix  B,  the  herd average for the 5-year period
was 4,134 kilograms  (9,115 pounds) of milk  per cow for the actual average
 257-day lactation period.   The extrapolated average for a 305-day lactation
would be 4,926 kilograms (10,862 pounds) per day for 305 days.  This is
 higher than the national average of  4,658 kilograms (10,271 pounds) of milk
 per cow (Dairy Illustrated 1976).

      The production during the period January 1, 1971, through December  31,
 1975, was lower  than during the previous report periods  (Smith and Engel 1969,
 and Smith 1970,  1973), when the average production was 6,046 kilograms
 (13,331 pounds)  of milk per cow.  At least two of the factors that caused
                                       8

-------
lower production are the number of terminal  studies (12 animals) that required
high milk producing cows and the fact that some of the heifers kept for
replacement animals did not develop into high milk producing cows (see
appendix-B).

REPRODUCTION

     During the period January 1, 1971, through December 31, 1975, 125 calves
were born in the experimental dairy herd (see appendix C).   Fifty-three of
the calves were females and 72 were males.   During this period, 10 sets of
twins were born for a twinning percentage of 8.7 percent.   This is signifi-
cantly higher than the normal rate of 2 to 3 percent and slightly lower than
the 9.4 percent reported previously by Smith (1973).  Although the exact cause
of this high incidence of twinning at the Nevada Test Site  farm is not known,
factors that might affect the rate include:   1) an increased genetic disposi-
tion toward twinning in certain family blood lines, 2) the  above average
nutritional plane of the herd, 3) an imbalance in the calcium phosphorus ratio
(high calcium, low phosphorus), 4) stress conditions experienced by the cows
which might upset the normal hormone balance and result in  polyovulation, and
5) the therapeutic use of estrogen for infertility and breeding problems.
Of the 125 calves, 32 were retained as replacements, 24 were transferred to
the University of Nevada, Reno, 46 were euthanized because  they were not
needed in the program, 9 were sacrificed as  part of experiments, and 14 were
dead on arrival or died shortly after birth.

-------
                         VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY

     The major health problems encountered were related to the stresses of
 production  (mastitis) and reproduction (infertility).   Some lameness resulted
 from the stress of close confinement for long periods  required for certain
 metabolism  studies.  No contagious diseases were diagnosed during this period.
 All illness or health problems were diagnosed by a veterinarian and recommended
 treatment followed.
     A preventive medicine program and sanitation program were developed to
 decrease the incidence of preventable disease.   This included routine palpation
 of the reproductive tract with indicated treatments for control of reproductive
 diseases, and the sanitation of milking equipment after each cow plus an
 antiseptic dipping of the teats after milking to control  the spread of mastitis.
 Tympanites  (bloat) was controlled by feeding poloxalene (Bloat Guaro^j to the
 animals during the green feed season.  Magnets  were used routinely to help
 prevent traumatic reticulitis (hardware disease).  The magnets were introduced
 into the reticulum of the cow to help prevent penetration of critical organs
 by attracting and holding ferrous metals (i.e., nails, wire, etc.).
     Five cows died from natural  causes during  1971-1975.  Two died from
 tympanites during the evening hours when the herd was  unattended, one died from
 gangrenous mastitis,  one from traumatic reticulitis, and one died from exces-
 sive blood loss following self-amputation of a  teat.
     When possible, unproductive cows and cows  that failed to respond to
treatment were salvaged  by using them for terminal studies involving technique
development, or were  transferred to other agencies.  As shown in appendix A,
4 cows were euthanized because of terminal  illnesses,  2 cows were used to
develop techniques for handling radioactive contaminated cows, and 14 animals
were transferred to the University of Nevada, Reno.
  ^Registered trademark; applies to the A. E.  Staley  Manufacturing Company
 trade name
                                       10

-------
                    DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS

     During 1971 to 1975, the dairy herd was used for six studies that
defined the critical metabolic pathway of selected radionuclides which might
appear in the environment following a nuclear detonation or operation of a
nuclear reactor or result from an accident at a nuclear site.  With the
exception of project Tell us, all of these studies were performed under the
auspice of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group's plutonium program.
     The cows were selected for the experiments on the basis of production,
stage of lactation, soundness of hoof and legs, temperament, and general
health.  The metabolism studies were conducted at the Well 3 facility until
the Area 15 facilities were available in 1972.  The animals were put into
specially designed metabolism stalls which provided continuous restraint of
the animal but still allowed sufficient movement for comfort and for milking
and sampling.  The stalls were equipped with individual food bunks and auto-
matic waterers.  A tray lined with a sheet of plastic was placed under a
metal grate in the floor at the rear of the stall for fecal collection.  An
indwelling catheter was placed in the cow and the total urine production
was collected in a plastic bottle for the duration of the experiment.
     The studies conducted utilized one to four cows depending upon the
experiment and the animals remained in the metabolism stall for 5 to 21 days
depending on the isotope and objective of the studies.  The selected radio-
nuclides were administered either orally via a gelatin capsule or intra-
venously as an isotonic solution.
     Samples of blood, urine, feces, and milk were collected on a 12-hour
sampling schedule.   Terminal studies were conducted and the animals were
sacrificed to determine the tissue distribution of radionuclides in selected
tissues, especially in muscle and organs which are usually sold for human
consumption.
                                    11

-------
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION  OF  RADIOTELLURIUM  BY  THE  DAIRY
COW:  PROJECT TELLUS (April  26 - May 1,  1971)
     The objective of the study was to determine the tissue distribution,
retention, and milk secretion of radiotellurium  by dairy cows,  and the concen-
tration of radiotellurium in the tissues  of calves.
     Four lactating cows (numbers 21, 38,  87,  and 128) were confined in metabo-
lism stalls and each was given a single oral  dose of tellurium-129m.   For  the
next 5 days, all milk,  urine, and feces from  the cows were collected and the
tellurium-129m content  was measured.  In  a companion study, three  calves
(numbers 206, 207, and  210)  were administered  radiotellurium  orally and sacri-
ficed after varying time periods to determine  tissue distribution.  The radio-
tellurium was found to  be distributed throughout the body of  the calves with
the main concentration  occurring in the kidney and liver.  This study  has  been
published in the open literature (Mullen  and  Stanley, 1974).
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF PLUTONIUM BY DAIRY CATTLE:
PROJECT PU-1 (May 17 -  July  6, 1972) AND  PROJECT PU-2 (April  26 -  May  29,  1972)
     The objectives of  these studies were  to  obtain information on the signifi-
cance of the milk link  in man's food chain as  a  source of plutonium exposure
and to gain additional  information on plutonium  patterns  in ruminants.  Two
groups of Holstein cows, four cows in each group, were studied  to  examine  the
physiological  transport of ingested plutonium citrate and plutonium dioxide.
     For Project Pu-1,  four  lactating cows  (numbers 45, 87,  128,  and  39) were
placed in the metabolism stalls where each was given a  single oral dose of
about 6 millicuries of  plutonium-238.   For the next 3 weeks,  the total output
of milk, urine, and feces was collected  and  the  plutonium-238 content  measured.
At the end of 3 weeks,  the cattle were moved  to  outside  individual pens and
weekly samples taken for an  additional 4  weeks.   Cows numbered  39 and  87 were
sacrificed July 6, 1972, and samples of  tissue and  organs were  collected and
analyzed for plutonium-238.
     For Project Pu-2,  four lactating  cows (numbers  117,  122, 134, and  185)
were placed in metabolism stalls on April 26 and a  daily  dose of plutonium-238
dioxide was orally administered for 19  days.   The cows  remained in the  stalls
until May 21 when they were removed from the stalls  and placed in  individual

-------
pens.   Grab samples of urine and feces were collected until May 29 when the
animals were removed from the individual pens and returned to the herd.  Two
of the cows (numbers 122 and 185) were sacrificed on June 24 and tissue samples
were collected for radioanalysis.  Details and results of these studies were
published (Stanley et al., 1974).
     As expected, the major portion of plutonium activity (approximately
96 percent in Group I and slightly less than 100 percent in Group II) was
excreted in the feces.   However, recovered activity in urine and milk following
both the acute dose of plutonium citrate and the multiple doses of plutonium
dioxide confirmed the physiological uptake and transport of both chemical  forms.
Total  plutonium transport to milk was small and, based on a percent of oral
                                k           _5
dose,  was observed to be 2 x 10   and 2 x 10   following the plutonium citrate
and plutonium dioxide treatments (Stanley et al., 1974, 1975).
PASSAGE OF SAND PARTICLES THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF DAIRY COWS:
PROJECT PASS (November 10-25, 1974)
      The objective of  this  study was  to determine  whether  the  rates  of pas-
 sage  or residence time for  particles  in the ruminant  digestive tract are
 related to particle size.
      Silica sand of four  graded-size  ranges was obtained,  and  each  size
 range was labeled by fusion with a gamma-emitting  radioisotope.   Each size
 range was divided into four portions  and orally administered to each of four
 lactating Hoi stein dairy  cows  (numbers 123, 153,  184,  and  241) maintained
 in metabolism stalls.
      The cows were fed their normal  daily ration  of hay and pelleted food;
 water was provided ad  libitum.   The total  fecal  output from each cow was
 collected,  weighed, and mixed  to obtain a 24-hour  composite sample.   Samples
 were  analyzed by gamma-ray  spectroscopy to determine  the content of labeled
 particles.
      Although variations  were  observed among the four cows in  the retention
 times for the various  sized particles, longer retention times  were
 consistently associated with the larger particles.  The average residence
 times were:
                                       13

-------
             Particle Size and             Average  Residence Time
               Isotope Label
              15-25  urn (^Ce)                  2.0 days
              74-88  ym (85Sr)                  5.0 days
             175-246 pm (5«*Mn)                  6.0 days
             417-495 Mm (^Sc)                  7.2 days
      The smallest particles  were excreted  rapidly, while the three larger
  sizes  were  retained  longer at similar residence times.  In all cases, nearly
  100 percent of  the  administered dose was recovered in the feces.  Some of
  the sand  particles  which cattle may naturally ingest could remain in the
  gastrointestinal  tract for a month or more.  If such particles should con-
  tain relatively insoluble transuranic elements, this period would provide
  more time for reactions  involved in gastrointestinal absorption (e.g.,
  chelation and soluble compound  formation), so uptake could be greater than
  that which  would  be  derived  from conventional studies carried out in ruminant
  digestion investigations (Smith et al., 1976, and Patzer et al., 1976).
 BOVINE TRANSPORT AND RETENTION  OF  PLUTONIUM-238  WITH  SPECIAL  EMPHASIS ON
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE  OF  IN  VIVO  LABELED MILK:   PROJECT PU-3 (April  -
 May 1975)  AND PROJECT PU-4  (November  -  December  1975)

     A two-phase experiment was  conducted to determine whether in vivo
plutonium-labeled milk presents  the nuclide in a more biologically available
form than in in vitro plutonium  preparations typically administered for
intestinal  uptake studies.   A feasibility study (Phase I) used a total of two
lactating cows (numbers 219 and  220) and four calves, while the more elaborate
definitive study (Phase II) used four cows (numbers 123, 128, 119, and 179)
and 12 calves.  All  calves  were  purchased from local dairy herds.  Furthermore,
two cull dairy cows  (numbers 83  and 133) were used prior to this project in
order to review datailed safety  techniques for handling highly contaminated
animals.
     Phase I was directed primarily toward confirming the approximate quantity
of plutonium for two different doses, an oral dose for calves and an  intravenous
                                        14

-------
dose for the adult cows.  Selection of an appropriate dose for the calves con-
cerned plutonium concentrations needed for the in vivo labeled milk.  This
in vivo plutonium-labeled milk would have to contain a sufficiently high nuclide
concentration to allow for the subsequent detection of plutonium in selected
calf tissues.  The second dose requiring confirmation was directly related to
the oral dose for calves.  It concerned the original intravenous dose to adult
cows that would eventually result in the appropriate plutonium concentration
per gram of milk.  It should be noted that there are normal  variations in daily
milk production which can apparently alter either the plutonium concentration
per gram of milk or the total amount of plutonium transferred to milk per col-
lection.  Furthermore, while the daily milk production of adult Holstein cows
often approximates 20 liters, an individual 10-day-old calf will ingest only
2 to 4 liters of this milk per day.
     The first adult cow received a single 83 mCi injection.  Milk, urine, and
fecal samples were taken for 72 hours after injection, but no tissue samples
were collected at time of sacrifice 90 hours post-dosing.  The second adult cow
received an initial injection of 9.95 mCi, following which milk, urine, and fecal
samples were collected.  Three additional plutonium injections were sequentially
administered to this animal  (1 per day for 3 consecutive days) beginning
144 hours after the initial dose.  Milk collections from this second animal
were  fed  to the  calves  for 6 consecutive days.
      Information  gained during  the  feasibility  study  was  applied  to  the  design
of  a  definitive  effort  (Phase  II).   Four adult  cows were  given  a  single
intravenous injection of citrate-buffered  plutonium-238  nitrate (approximately
16.6  mCi  per animal).   Plutonium-labeled milk from  these  cows,  collected during
the period  of  peak concentration, was  fed  to  four calves.   Four additional
calves  received  in vitro  plutonium-labeled milk  prepared  with approximately
the same  plutonium concentration as  in the in vivo  labeled  milk.   Each  group  of
calves  contained  two control animals which were  sacrificed  along  with  the
experimental calves.  Tissues were collected  from 11  of  the 12  calves  for
plutonium analysis.  Furthermore, for  the  Phase  II  effort,  tissues  were  taken
from  the adult cows and  analyzed for plutonium  content.
                                       15

-------
      In both phases, plutonium-238 was obtained as a dioxide from the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory.  It was dissolved in concentrated nitric acid
with a trace of hydrofluoric acid before being converted to the citrate form.
The doses were calibrated by liquid scintillation counting of the
plutonium-238 alpha particles.  Radionuclide solutions, approximately 5 ml
by volume and 5 to 6 in pH, were administered to the adult cows by jugular
venipuncture.  The in vitro plutonium-labeled milk, given to the Phase II
calves, was prepared by the addition of approximately 5 ml of a plutomum
citrate solution per liter (gallon) of uncontaminated milk.  This in vitro
labeled milk was thoroughly shaken and samples were removed for direct
counting to ensure homogeneity and known dosing concentrations.
     Plutonium retained in the calf tissues, collected at time of sacrifice,
will be used to compare the relative biological availability of plutonium in
the two treatment groups.   Analyses are also being made on excretion patterns
and tissue retention of plutonium in the adult dairy cows used to produce the
in vivo plutonium-labled milk.   Portions of the resulting data have been pre-
sented at Nevada Applied Ecology Group meetings (Sutton et al., 1976) and a
comprehensive report will  be  prepared following completion of radiochemical
assays.
                                      16

-------
                                  REFERENCES


Dairy Illustrated.  "News for Dairymen."  Dairy Illustrated 8(1):3  Spring
      1976

Daley, E. M., and D. D. Smith.  Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental  Dairy
      Farm - January 1966 - December 1968.  SWRHL-63r.  U.S. Department of
      Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
      tory, Las Vegas, Nevada.  41 pp.  1969

Daley, E. M.  Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm During 1969.
      SWRHL-104r.  U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, South-
      western Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada.   19  pp.   1971

Daley, E. M.  Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm 1970.  SWRHL-
      117r.  U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern
      Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada.  18 pp.   1972

Daley, E. M.  Agronomic  Practices of the  Nevada Test  Site  Experimental Dairy
      Farm  During  1971.  1972,  and 1973.   EMSL-LV-539-5.  U.S.  Environmental
      Protection Agency,  Environmental  Monitoring  and  Support  Laboratory,
      Las Vegas,  Nevada.   13  pp.  1976


Douglas, R. L.  Status of the Nevada Test Site Experimental Farm - Summary
      Report for July 1964 - December 1965.  SWRHL-36r.  U.S. Department of
      Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
      tory, Las Vegas, Nevada.  30 pp.  1967

Mullen,  A. A., and R. E. Stanley.  "Absorption, distribution, and milk
      secretion of radionuclides by the dairy cow - Radiotellurium."
      Health Phys. 27.:279-284.  1974

Patzer,  R. G., G.  D.  Potter,  and W.  W. Sutton.   "Passage of Sand  Particles
      Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Dairy Cows."  pp. 47-49.   Studies
      of Environmental Plutonium and Other Transuranics in  Desert Ecosystems.
      NVO-159.  M.  G. White and P. B. Dunaway,  eds.  U.S. Energy  Research and
      Development Administration, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.
      189 pp.   1976

Smith, D. D.,and R. E. Engel.   Progress Report  for the Bioenvironmental Research
      May 22, 1964 through July 1. 1966.  Part  I.   Experimental Dairy Herd.
      SWRHL-55r.  U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.   South-
      western Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada.   106 pp.  1969

                                        17

-------
Smith, D. D.  Status of the Bioenvironmental Research Experimental Dairy Herd
      July 1, 1966 through December 31, 1968.  SWRHL-67r.  U.S. Department of
      Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
      tory, Las Vegas, Nevada.  90 pp.  1970

 Smith,  D.  D.  Status of the Environmental Protection Agency's  Nevada  Test  Site
      Experimental  Dairy Herd  January  1, 1969 - December  31, 1970.  NERC-LV-
      539-22.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental
      Research Center,  Las Vegas, Nevada.  62 pp.  1973

 Smith,  D.  D., J. Barth, and R. G. Patzer.   "Grazing Studies on a  Plutonium
      Contaminated  Range of the Nevada Test Site."  pp. 325-336.   IAEA-SM-
      199/73.  Proceedings of  the Symposium on Transuranium Nuclides in the
      Environment"!  San Francisco, California, November 17-21,  1975.   724 pp.
      1976

Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer, and W. W.  Sutton.   "Absorption, Distribu-
      tion, and Excretion of Plutonium by Dairy Cows."  pp. 163-185.  The
      Dynamics of Plutonium in Desert Environments.  NVO-142.   P-  B. Dunaway
      and M. G. White, eds.  U.S.  Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada Operations
      Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.   369 pp.  1974

Stanley, R. E.,  E.  W. Bretthauer, and W. W.  Sutton.   "Absorption, Distribu-
      tion, and Excretion of Plutonium by Dairy Cattle."  pp.  97-124.   The
      Radioecology of Plutonium and Other Transuranics in Desert Environments.
      NVO-153.   M.  G.  White and P. B. Dunaway, eds.  U.S. Energy Research and
      Development Administration,  Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.
      504 pp.   1975

Sutton,  W.  W.,  R.  G.  Patzer,  P.  B.  Hahn, and G.  D. Potter.  "Bovine Transport
     and Retention  of Plutonium-238 with Special  Emphasis on the Gastrointes-
     tinal  Uptake  of  In Vivo  Labeled Milk."   Nevada  Applied Ecology Group
     Progress  Report.   M.  G.  White and P.  B. Dunaway, eds.  U.S.  Energy
     Research  and  Development  Administration, Nevada Operations Office
     Las  Vegas,  Nevada,   (in press)
                                      18

-------
                              LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix                                                                Page

  A       Vital  Statistics and Acquisition Data of Mature  Dairy
          Animals January 1, 1971  - December 31, 1975                   A-l

  B       Production

     Table

       B-l  Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1971 Through
            December 31,  1971                                            B-l

       B-2  Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1972 Through
            December 31,  1972                                            B-2

       B-3  Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1973 Through
            December 31,  1973                                            B-3

       B-4  Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1974 Through
            December 31,  1974                                            B-4

       B-5  Milk Production of Cows from January 1, 1975 Through
            December 31,  1975                                            B-5

  C       Calves Born Into Herd From January 1, 1971  -  December 31,
          1975                                                          C-l

-------
 APPENDIX A.
VITAL STATISTICS AND ACQUISITION DATA OF  MATURE  DAIRY ANIMALS
            JANUARY 1, 1971    DECEMBER 31,  1975
Cow 'Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
No. Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
2 November 19583
13 years 5 months
11 March I9603
11 years 2 months
13 October I9603
12 years 1 month
16 November 19583
14 years 7 months
21 March 26, 1962
11 years 9 months
530 kg
Grade cow
593 kg
Grade cow
634 kg
Grade cow
673 kg
Grade cow
611 kg
Grade cow
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
August 16, 1964
UNR4
Remarks
Died May 10,
1972, from
tympanites.
Sacrificed on
May 20, 1971,
semiannual
sacrifice.
Transferred to
UNR1* November
1972.
Died May 16,
1973, from
traumatic
reticulitis.
Euthanized on
January 7, 1971 ,
lame, diffi-
26   February 24, 1960
     11  years
               763 kg
           Registered cow
39   April  13, 1965
     7 years 4 months
               707 kg
           Registered cow
$400
Oats Brothers
November 15,
1964
Born in herd.
Dam was No.  28.
Sire was Oats
Brothers' bull.
culty in rising
and standing.

Died January 3,
1971, from exceS'
sive blood loss
due to self-
amputation of
teat.

Sacrificed on
July 6, 1972.
Project Pu-1.
!Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
Estimated date of birth, because no records prior to purchase.
     = University of Nevada, Reno.
                                     A-l

-------
                           APPENDIX  A.   CONTINUED
Cow
 No.
Date of Birth
    Age1
     Weight2           Cost  and
Type of Breeding  Acquisition Date
   Remarks
 43  October 31,  1962
     8 years 5 months
 45  April  14,  1960
     13 years 2 months
 46  September 20,  1960
     12 years  9 months
 47  April  17,  1958
     12 years  1  month
 48  March 7,  1962
     9 years 5 months
 71  April  3, 1966
     9 years 10 months
 83  June 19, 1962
     12 years 6 months
 84  September 16,  1960
     12 years 4 months
                     780  kg
                 Registered cow
                     602  kg
                 Registered cow
                    580 kg
                Registered cow
                    668 kg
                Registered cow
                     711 kg
                 Registered cow
                     668  kg
                 Registered cow
                     630  kg
                 Registered cow
                    611 kg
                 Registered cow
                  $450
                  Cantlon  Farms
                  July 23,  1965

                  $500
                  Oats Brothers
                  July 23,  1965
                  $500
                  Oats  Brothers
                  July  23,  1965
                  $400
                  Oats  Brothers
                  July  23,  1965

                  $400
                  Oats  Brothers
                  July  23,  1965

                  Born  in herd
                  Dam was No. 48.
                  Sire  was
                  Cantlon's
                  Phantom.

                  $499
                  Oats  Brothers
                  November  16,
                  1966
                  $450
                  Oats  Brothers
                  November  16,
                  1966
*Age as of December  31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to  pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3 UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
Transferred to
UNR3 February 17,
1971.

Euthanized on
June 13, 1973,
traumatic
reticulitis.

Euthanized on
June 13, 1973,
displaced
abomasum.

Transferred to
UNR3 February 9,
1971.

Died August 24,
1971, from gan-
grenous mastitis.

Transferred to
UNR3 March 11 ,
1975.
Sacrificed on
March 31, 1975,
Plutonium study
animal handling
technique devel-
opment.

Euthanized on
May 10,  1972,
lameness,
symptoms of
nymphomania.
                                    A-2

-------
                          APPENDIX A.  CONTINUED
Cow
No.
87
116
117
119
122
123
126
. Date of Birth
Age1
July 27, 1962
10 years
November 29, 1967
5 years 11 months
November 30, 1967
5 years 8 months
December 23, 1967
7 years 11 months
February 16, 1968
5 years 5 months
February 21, 1968
7 years 9 months
April 15, 1968
2 years 10 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
689 kg
Registered cow
570 kg
Grade cow
727 kg
Registered cow
698 kg
Registered cow
636 kg
Grade cow
595 kg
Grade cow
841 kg
Grade bull
Cost and
Acquisition Date
$600
Oats Brothers
November 16,
1966
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 11 .
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H37.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 2.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 35.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 16.
Remarks
Sacrificed on
July 6, 1972,
Project Pu-1 .
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Sacrificed on
July 26, 1973,
Project Pu-2.
Sacrificed on
November 11 ,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
Sacrificed on
June 25, 1975,
Project Pu-2.
Sacrificed on
November 18,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
Transferred to
UNR3 February 1
                                           Sire  was  No.  70.   1971.
127   April  24, 1968
      7 years 8 months
128   May 16, 1968
      7 years 7 months
    582 kg
Registered cow
    641  kg
Registered cow
Born in herd.
Dam was No.  62.
Sire was No.  70.

Born in herd.
Dam was No.  39.
Sire was No.  70.
In herd.
Sacrificed on
November 18,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
                                      A-3

-------
                           APPENDIX A.   CONTINUED
Cow     ' Date at Birth
 No.         Age1
                         Weight2          Cost and
                   Type of Breeding  Acquisition Date
                                       Remarks
132
133
134
135
139
July 1, 1968
3 years 1  month
July 19, 1968
7 years 2 months
July 25, 1968
5 years
August 7, 1968
7 years 1 months
August 21, 1968
5 years 7 months
    566 kg
Registered cow
    682 kg
Registered cow
    670 kg
Registered cow
    680 kg
Registered cow
    500 kg
  Grade cow
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 47.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 13.
Sire was No.  70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No.  27.
Sire was No.  70.

Born in herd.
Dam was No.  43.
Sire was No.  70.

Born in herd.
Dam was No.  21.
Sire was No.  70.
Died July 8,
1971, from
traumatic
gastritis.

Sacrificed on
March 26, 1975,
plutonium study
animal handling
technique devel-
opment.

Sacrificed on
July 26, 1973,
Project Pu-2.

Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.

Sacrificed on
March 13, 1974,
tissues used for
quality assur-
ance.
153   February 25, 1969       764 kg
      6 years 10 months     Grade cow
162   July 16, 1969           723 kg
      6 years 5 months      Grade cow
159   June 14,  1969           623  kg
      6 years 6 months       Grade  cow
                                     Born  in  herd.
                                     Dam was  No.  71.
                                     Sire  was  No.  70.

                                     Born  in  herd.
                                     Dam was  No.  21.
                                     Sire  was  No.  70.

                                     Born  in  herd.
                                     Dam was  No.  92.
                                     Sire  was  No.  70.
                                   In  herd.
                                   Transferred  to
                                   UNR3  October 9,
                                   1973.

                                   Died  May  5,  1973,
                                   tympanites.
 *Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
 2To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
 3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
                                     A-4

-------
                          APPENDIX A.  CONTINUED
Cow
No.
171
172
173
174
175
179
184
- Date of Birth
Age1
July 1, 1966
7 years 4 months
May 5, 1965
8 years 6 months
July 13, 1965
8 years 4 months
August 8, 1965
8 years 3 months
July 6, 1966
7 years 4 months
December 9, 1969
6 years
February 11, 1970
5 years 10 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
436 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
400 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
430 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
434 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
477 kg
Registered
Jersey cow
773 kg
Grade cow
677 kg
Grade cow
Cost and
Acquisition Date
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$450
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
$300
November 6,
1969. Mills
Jersey Farm.
Fallen, Nevada.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 26.
Sire was No. 70.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 117.
Remarks
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Transferred to
UNR3 October 9,
1973.
Sacrificed on
November 1 1 ,
1975,
Project Pu-4.
In herd.
                                           Sire was H57.
xAge as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.

                                       A-5

-------
                           APPENDIX A.   CONTINUED
Cow
No.
185
196
197
198
208
209
211
218
219
220
. Date of Birth
Age1
February 16, 1970
3 years 4 months
June 2, 1970
5 years 6 months
July 1, 1970
5 years 5 months
July 1, 1970
5 years 5 months
December 17, 1970
5 years
December 28, 1970
5 years
February 18, 1971
4 years 10 months
May 18, 1971
4 years 7 months
June 3, 1971
4 years 6 months
June 3, 1971
4 years 6 months
Weight2
Type of Breeding
725 kg
Grade cow
630 kg
Grade cow
756 kg
Grade cow
795 kg
Grade cow
713 kg
Grade cow
AI4
707 kg
Grade cow
702 kg
Grade cow
AI*
768 kg
Grade cow
AI4
766 kg
Grade cow
AI1*
725 kg
Grade cow
AI"
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 2.
Sire was H306.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 122.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 45.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 39.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 21 .
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 48.
Sire was H322.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 122.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H314.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was H290.
Remarks
Sacrificed on
June 25, 1973,
Project Pu-2.
Transferred to
UNR3 November 21
1973.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Sacrificed on
April 19, 1975,
Project Pu-3.
Sacrificed on
May 5, 1975,
Project Pu-3.
TAge as of December 31,  1975,  or death,  or disposition.
2To convert to pounds:   2.205  X kilograms  = pounds.
3AI = artificial  insemination.
4UNR = University of Nevada,  Reno.

                                      A-6

-------
                          APPENDIX A.  CONTINUED
Cow
No.
221
227
241
248
250
251
252
256
257
• Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date
June 17, 1971
4 years 6 months
September 6, 1971
4 years 3 months
December 22, 1971
4 years
June 27, 1972
3 years 6 months
July 3, 1972
3 years 5 months
July 3, 1972
3 years 5 months
July 8, 1972
3 years 5 months
August 7, 1972
3 years 4 months
August 7, 1972
3 years 4 months
624 kg
Grade cow
807 kg
Grade cow
720 kg
Grade cow
782 kg
Grade cow
AI*
527 kg
Grade cow
AI4
598 kg
Grade cow
AI"
630 kg
Grade cow
AI*
540 kg
Grade cow
AI4
541 kg
Grade cow
AI"
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 139.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 162.
Sire was No. 126.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 128.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd
Dam was No. 127.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 153.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was H290.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was H290.
Remarks
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Transferred to
UNR3 March 11,
1975.
*Age as of December 31, 1975, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
    = artificial insemination.

                                      A-7

-------
                           APPENDIX A.   CONTINUED
Cow
No.
269
278
280
281
284
' Date of Birth Weight2 Cost and
Age1 Type of Breeding Acquisition Date Remarks
November 7, 1972
3 years 1 month
July 1, 1973
2 years 5 months
July 6, 1973
2 years 5 months
July 8, 1973
2 years 5 months
August 15, 1973
2 years 4 months
504 kg
Grade cow
682 kg
Grade cow
602 kg
Grade cow
630 kg
Grade cow
534 kg
Grade cow
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 197.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 184.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 196.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 135.
Sire was No. 216.
Born in herd. In herd.
Dam was No. 83.
Sire was No. 216.
*Age as of December 31,  1975,  or  death,  or  disposition.
2To convert to pounds:   2.205  X kilograms = pounds.

                                     A-8

-------
               3-1.   MILK PRODUCTION  OF  COWS  FROM  JANUARY  1,  1971,
                          THROUGH DECEMBER 31,  1971
Cow
No.
13
21
39
48
71
87
116
117
122
128
133
134
135
139
171
175
Production
(kg)1
5,692
8,188
3,233
4,546
4,090
7,757
4,566
2,967
3,613
5,593
1,174
4,119
4,528
2,126
2,450
4,828
Lactation
(days)
313
305
252
198
219
305
293
212
175
302
122
293
289
165
137
289
From
09/28/70
01/07/71
12/17/70
02/07/71
04/15/71
10/14/70
01/02/71
04/13/71
05/19/71
01/13/71
04/10/71
11/15/70
01/13/71
05/29/71
05/09/71
03/03/71
To
08/06/71
11/08/71
08/26/71
08/24/712
11/20/71
08/15/71
10/21/71
11/20/71
11/10/71
11/03/71
08/10/71
09/04/71
11/29/71
11/10/71
09/23/71
12/17/71
Average Production 4,342 kilograms
    convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
2Died
                                      B-l

-------
               B-2.  MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY 1,  1972,
                          THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1972
Cow
No.
2
13
16
45
46
83
117
119
122
123
127
128
134
153
153
159
1593
162
173
174
179
1843
185
1963
1973
Production
(kg)1
3,634
5,831
7,012
6,192
5,680
6,966
3,525
4,771
3,386
4,459
4,783
6,537
5,236
4,842
2,941
2,161
459
2,884
4,717
3,890
2,643
333
3,959
119
30
Lactation
(days)
188
317
310
298
289
303
223
305
222
217
271
283
284
306
137
200
57
220
301
300
224
44
308
37
12
From
11/04/71
11/18/71
08/04/71
11/27/71
10/27/71
08/02/71
04/13/72
07/06/71
04/02/72
09/13/71
08/12/71
12/23/71
11/22/71
08/02/71
07/09/72
09/29/71
09/27/72
09/10/71
08/25/71
09/04/71
09/07/71
08/08/72
09/04/71
08/07/72
11/01/72
To
05/1 0/722
10/01/72
03/31/72
09/15/72
08/11/72
03/31/72
11/22/72
05/06/72
11/22/72
04/17/72
03/09/72
10/01/72
09/01/72
06/03/72
11/23/72
04/16/72
11/23/72
04/17/72
06/21/72
06/30/72
04/18/72
09/21/72
07/08/72
09/13/72
11/12/72
Average Production 4,574 kilograms


JTo convert to pounds:   2.205 X  kilograms  =  pounds
2 Died
3Not included in the average, less  than  100  days  production

                                      B-2

-------
B-3.   MILK PRODUCTION OF  COWS FROM JANUARY 1, 1973,
           THROUGH  DECEMBER  31, 1973
Cow
No.
16
21
83
116
117
119
1223
123
127
128
133
134
135
162
171
173
174
175
179
185
196?
198
211
71
Average
Production
(kg)1
5,695
7,717
4,689
5,641
2,810
6,112
2,225
3,940
5,926
6,589
4,119
4,698
5,927
3,064
5,664
3,560
3,972
5,078
4,476
3,590
307
1,444
2,005
2,554
Production 4,512
!To convert to pounds: 2
3M«t -inri lifted in the aver
Lactation
(days)
249
303
266
308
123
312
89
260
318
'320
304
265
303
187
305
239
304
304
317
194
56
159
275
195
kilograms
.205 X kilograms =
•age, less than 100
From
09/09/72
04/27/72
07/04/72
02/05/72
03/25/73
08/04/72
03/28/73
10/02/72
06/27/72
12/08/72
05/03/72
11/03/72
05/28/72
10/21/72
12/08/72
07/31/72
12/09/72
04/23/72
09/23/72
12/13/72
07/06/73
11/16/72
11/29/72
09/13/72

pounds.
days production
To
05/16/73
02/24/73
03/27/73
10/09/73
07/26/732
06/12/73
06/25/732
06/19/73
05/11/73
10/24/73
03/03/73
07/26/732
03/27/73
04/26/73
10/09/73
03/27/73
10/09/73
02/21/73
08/06/73
06/25/732
08/31/73
04/24/73
08/31/73
03/27/73


                       B-3

-------
                B-4.   MILK PRODUCTION OF  COWS  FROM  JANUARY  1,  1974,
                           THROUGH  DECEMBER  31,  1974
Cow
No.
71
83
119
123
127
128
133
135
139
153
179
184
1972
198
208
209
211
218
219
220
221
Average
Production
(kg)1
4,076
2,066
5,698
4,364
4,147
5,967
3,867
4,768
4,120
3,232
4,385
3,640
31
4,174
1,388
4,746
3,603
1,696
4,043
4,158
801
Production 3,732 kilograms
Lactation
(days)
275
278
, 293
270
259
294
263
278
228
229
263
286
7
272
179
302
238
159
322
326
127

From
01/18/74
08/16/74
01/15/73
03/18/74
11/15/73
11/30/73
04/12/74
07/09/73
07/03/73
08/27/73
10/16/73
05/25/74
01/14/74
01/16/74
10/16/73
11/21/73
04/19/74
11/05/73
11/01/73
10/28/73
12/07/73

To
10/16/74
05/21/74
09/19/74
12/14/74
07/01/74
09/19/74
12/28/74
04/13/74
02/16/74
04/13/74
07/06/74
04/13/74
01/22/74
10/16/74
04/13/74
09/19/74
12/14/74
04/13/74
09/19/74
09/19/74
04/13/74

!To convert to pounds:   2.205  X  kilograms = pounds.
2Not included in  average,  less than  100 days production
                                     B-4

-------
               B-5.  MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS FROM JANUARY  1,  1975,
                          THROUGH DECEMBER 31,  1975
Cow
No.
83
1192
1232
127
128
1332
153
179
184
197
208
209
218
2192
2202
221
227
241
250
251
252
256
269
2782
Average
Production
(kg)i
3,486
703
887
4,098
2,177
194
2,834
3,012
3,593
3,865
3,304
4,353
2,377
799
1,683
4,435
2,759
3,825
4,194
4,069
3,423
3,118
4,179
1,102
Production 3,508 kilograms
Lactation
(days)
264
37
44
305
113
8
203
229
279
197
245
309
160
35
78
275
307
307
306
310
294
274
283
91

From
07/10/74
10/05/75
10/05/75
09/15/74
07/29/75
03/18/75
10/09/74
12/09/74
08/25/74
03/24/75
03/08/75
11/25/74
11/09/74
03/16/75
02/16/75
02/06/75
04/12/74
05/28/74
12/05/75
11/13/74
02/12/75
02/07/75
01/29/75
09/25/75

To
03/31/75
11/11/75
11/18/75
07/16/75
11/18/75
03/26/75
04/20/75
07/25/75
02/26/75
10/07/75
11/07/75
09/27/75
04/20/75
04/19/75
05/05/75
11/07/75
02/14/75
03/31/75
10/06/75
09/18/75
12/03/75
11/07/75
11/07/75
12/25/75

    convert to pounds:  2.205 x kilograms  -
2Not included in the average, less than  100
pounds.
days production
                                      B-5

-------
   APPENDIX C.  CALVES BORN INTO HERD FROM JANUARY 1,  1971  - DECEMBER 31, 1975
Animal    Birth         Wt.1  Dam  Sire
  No.     Date    Sex  (kg)   No.   No.    Breed
                                                            Remarks
 210    01/12/71    M    40   135  126    Holstein
 211    02/18/71    F    38   48   H322   Holstein
 212    02/21/71   M    32   175  126
 213    04/10/71   F    30   133  512
 214    04/10/71   M    30   133  512
215
 216
        04/21/71   F    39   117  512
                                Jersey
                                Holstein
                                Crossbred

                                Holstein
                                Hereford
                                Crossbred

                                Holstein
                                Hereford
                                Crossbred

                                Holstein
                                Hereford
                                Crossbred
04/24/71    M    48   71    126     Holstein
 217    05/09/71   M    32   171   J4931   Jersey
 218    05/18/71   F    45   122  H290   Holstein
 219    06/03/71    F    44   83   H314   Holstein
 220    06/03/71    F    37   127  H290   Holstein
 221    06/17/71    F    35   139  126    Holstein

 llo convert to pounds:   2.205  X kilograms  =  pounds
      = University of Nevada, Reno.

                                      C-l
                                                  Transferred  to  UNR2  Novem-
                                                  ber 28, 1971.

                                                  Retained as  replacement
                                                  animal in herd.

                                                  Transferred  to  UNR2  Novem-
                                                  ber 28, 1971.
                                                  Twin of 214.  Transferred
                                                  to UNR2 November 28,  1971.
                                                  Twin of 213.  Transferred
                                                  to UNR2 November 28, 1971.
Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
ber 28, 1971,
                                                  Sacrificed March  13,  1974.
                                                  Belligerent and deemed
                                                  safety hazard.  Tissues
                                                  used for quality  assurance.

                                                  Euthanized May 10,  1971.
                                                  Not needed in program.

                                                  Retained as replacement
                                                  animal in herd.

                                                  Retained as replacement
                                                  animal in herd*   Sacrificed
                                                  April 19, 1975, Project
                                                  Pu-3.

                                                  Retained as replacement
                                                  animal in herd.   Sacrificed
                                                  May 5, 1975, Project  Pu-3.

                                                  Retained as replacement
                                                  animal in herd.

-------
                            APPENDIX C.  CONTINUED
Animal   Birth         Wt.1  Dam   Sire
  No.    .Date    Sex   (kg)   No.    No.
                                       Breed
                                Remarks
 222   06/24/71
                M    41    16   H322   Hoi stein   Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
                                                 ber 28, 1971.
 223   06/05/71   M     41    119  H63


 224   08/02/71   M     41
                                      Hoi stein   Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
                                                 ber 28, 1971.
                           153   126     Hoi stein   Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
                                                 ber 28, 1971.
  225    08/24/71    M    30   173  J4931   Jersey
                                                 Euthanized August 24, 1971.
                                                 Not needed in oroaram.
  226   09/04/71    M    35   185  187    Hoi stein   Eutnanizecj September 5,
                                                    1971.  Not needed in
                                                    program.
 227    09/06/71    F


 228    09/09/71    M
                      38    162   126     Hoi stein    Retained as replacement
                                                  animal in herd.
                      41    123  126
           Hoi stein   Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
                      ber 28, 1971.
  229    09/16/71    M    33   174  126    Holstein   Sacrificed  August  30,  1972.

  230    09/19/71    M    34   179  187
                                       Holstein   Euthanized  September  20,
                                                  1971.   Not  needed  in
                                                  program.
  231    09/27/71   F
                      NW3  159  126    Holstein   Twin of 232.   Transferred to
                                                  UNR2 October 9, 1973.
  232   09/27/71   M    NW3  159  126    Holstein   Twin 0^231. ^erred to


  233   10/27/71   M    NW3  46   126    Holstein   Twin of 234.  Dead on arrival

  234   10/27/71        NW3  46   126    Holstein   Twin of 233.  Dead on arrival

                        36
235   11/13/71   F
2    H290   Holstein   Retained as replacement
                       animal in herd.
  *To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms = pounds.
  2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
      = Not weighed
                                         C-2

-------
                           APPENDIX C.   CONTINUED
Animal   Birth         Wt.1  Dam  Sire
  No.   -Date    Sex  (kg)  No.   No.     Breed
                     Remarks
 236   11/19/71   M    42   13   126     Holstein
 237   11/19/71    M    41    39   126
Holstein
 238   11/21/71    M    42   134  126     Holstein


 239   11/21/71    M    45   456  H290    Holstein

 240   11/24/71    F    37   87   126     Holstein


 241   11/22/71    F    39   128  H290    Holstein


 242   04/14/72   M    38   117  H290    Holstein


 243   04/15/72   M    41   122  H290    Holstein



 244   04/27/72   M    39   21   H290    Holstein



 245   05/02/72   M    37   133  H290    Holstein



 246   05/27/72   M    41   135  H290    Holstein


 247   06/27/72   M    32   127  H290    Holstein



 248   06/27/72   F    32   127  H290    Holstein
 Euthanized  November  19,
 1971.   Not  needed  in
 program.

 Euthanized  November  19,
 1971.   Not  needed  in
 program.

 Died  December  19,  1971.
 Cause of  death pneumonia.

 Dead  on arrival.

 Died  from injury Novem-
 ber 28, 1971.

 Retained  as replacement
 animal  in herd.

 Sacrificed  October 19,
 1972,  feed  lot study.

 Euthanized  April 16,
 1972.   Not  needed  in
 program.

 Euthanized  April 27,
 1972.   Not  needed  in
 program.

 Euthanized  August  12,
 1972.   Not  needed  in
 program.

Euthanized August 12, 1972.
Not needed in program.

Twin of 248.  Euthanized
August 12, 1972.  Not
needed in  program.

Twin of 247.  Transferred
to UNR2 March  11,  1975.
     convert to pounds:   2.205  X  kilograms =  pounds.
 2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
                                     C-3

-------
                             APPENDIX C.  CONTINUED
Animal   Birth          Wt.1 Dam  Sire
  No.    Date     Sex   (kg)  No.   No.   Breed
                                                      Remarks
 249    06/29/72   M    27   171   J4931    Jersey     Euthanized  August  12,  1972.
                                                     Not needed  in  program.

 250    07/03/72   F    32   83   H290    Hoi stein   Twin of 251.   Retained as
                                                     replacement animal  in  herd.

 251    07/03/72   F    34   83   H290    Hoi stein   Twin of 250.   Retained as
                                                     replacement animal  in  herd.

 252    07/08/72   F    45   153  H290    Hoi stein   Retained as replacement
                                                     animal  in herd.

 253    07/30/72   M    36   173  J4931    Jersey     Euthanized  August  12,  1972.
                                                     Not needed  in  program.
 254    08/01/72   F    23   175  J4931   Jersey
                                            Transferred to UNR2 Novem-
                                            ber 21, 1973.
 255    08/03/72   M    41   119  H290    Holstein   Euthanized August 12, 1972.
                                                     Not needed in program.

 256    08/07/72    F     30    196   H290    Holstein   Twin of 257.  Retained as
                                                    replacement animal in herd.

 257    08/07/72    F     32    196   H290    Holstein   Twin of 256.  Transferred
                                                    to  UNR2 March 11, 1975.

 258    08/17/72    M     34    184   514    Holstein   Twin to 259.  Euthanized
                                          Hereford   August 18,  1972.
                                          Crossbred

 259    08/17/72    M     32    184   514    Holstein   Twin to 258.  Euthanized
                                          Hereford   August 18,  1972.
                                          Crossbred

 260    08/29/72    M     36    116   514    Holstein    Euthanized  August 29, 1972.
                                          Hereford    Not needed  in program.
                                          Crossbred
08/31/72   M    27   174  J4931  Jersey     Euthanized August 31 , 1972.
uo/oi//                                                 n program.
  ?fil
  co i
  ?fi?     09/12/72   M    36   71    514    Holstein   Euthanized September 13,
  262     uy/u//^        oo               Hereford   1972.   Not needed in program.
                                          Crossbred  program.

  *To  convert to pounds:  2.20b X kilograms = pounds.
  2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
                                       C-4

-------
                             APPENDIX  C.   CONTINUED
Animal      Birth
  No.     ,  Date    Sex
 Wt.1  Dam  Sire
(kg)   No.    No.     Breed
          Remarks
 263    09/13/72   M
NW2  16   514    Hoi stein
                 Hereford
                 Crossbred
34


38
32


123


159
162


514


514
514


Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
Holstein
Holstein
Hereford
Crossbred
 264    09/22/72   M    41   179  H290   Hoi stein
 265    10/01/72   M



 266    10/04/72   F

 267    10/21/72   F
  268    11/03/72   F    41   134  H290   Hoi stein
 269    11/07/72   F    38   197  216    Holstein
 270    11/16/72   M    38   198  216    Holstein
 271    11/28/72   M    41   211   216    Holstein
 272    12/08/72   M    38   128  H290   Holstein
 273    12/12/72   F
 1To convert to  pounds;
 2NW =  Not  weighed
34   185  515    Holstein
                 Hereford
                 Crossbred

 2.205  X kilograms  =  pounds.
Euthanized September 13,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized September 23,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized October 10,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Dead at birth.

Euthanized October 21,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.  Died
October 13, 1974 of bloat.

Retained as replacement
animal  in herd.

Euthanized November 17,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized November 28,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized December 8,
1972.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized March 25, 1973.
Not needed in program.
                                       C-5

-------
                             APPENDIX C.  CONTINUED
Animal    Birth         Wt.1 Dam  Sire
  No.    - Date    Sex  (kg)  No.   No.    Breed
           Remarks
 274    03/24/73   M    32   117  216    Holstein



 275    03/24/73   F    27   117  216    Holstein



 276     03/27/73    M     45   122  H290    Holstein

 277     04/18/73    F     40   133  216    Holstein


 278     07/01/73    F     38   184  216    Holstein


 279     07/02/73    M     41    139  216    Holstein


 280     07/06/73    F     43   196  216    Holstein


 281     07/08/73    F     38   135  216    Holstein


 282     07/16/73    M     27   173  J4931   Jersey


 283     07/17/73    M     45   21    216    Holstein


 284     08/15/73    F     38   83    216    Holstein


 285     08/26/73    F     NW3   153  216    Holstein

 286     10/15/73    F     38   127  H290    Holstein


 287     10/16/73    M     41    208  216    Holstein


 288     10/16/73    M     38   179  216    Holstein


 'To convert to pounds:  2.205 X kilograms  =  pounds.
 2UNR =  University  of Nevada, Reno.
 3NW = Not weighed
                                      C-6
 Twin  of  275.  Euthanized
 March 25,  1973.  Not
 needed in  program.

 Twin  of  274.  Euthanized
 March 25,  1973.  Not
 needed in  program.

 Tissues  used  for tritium
 studies.
Transferred to UNR 2
March 11, 1975.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Euthanized July 2,  1973.
because of broken leg.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Transferred to UNR2
November 21, 1973.

Transferred to UNR2
November 21, 1973.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Dead at birth.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

-------
                           APPENDIX C.   CONTINUED
Animal    Birth         Wt.1 Dam  Sire
  No.    ,Date    Sex  (kg)  No.   No.    Breed
          Remarks
 289                           (Number not used)

 290    11/04/73   M    41   218  216    Holstein


 291    11/07/73   M    38   220  216    Holstein


 292    11/28/73   F    41   128  216    Holstein


 293    12/03/73   M    43   209  216    Holstein


 294    12/06/73   F    38   221  216    Holstein


 295    12/11/73   M    41   119  216    Holstein


 296    01/12/74   M    NW3  197  216    Holstein

 297    01/16/74   F    36   198  216    Holstein


 298    01/17/74   M    NW3  71   216    Holstein

 299    03/18/74   F    38   123  H290   Holstein


 300    04/12/74   M    39   227  216    Holstein


 301    04/12/74   M    NW3   133  216    Holstein


 302    04/12/74   F    NW3   133  216    Holstein


 303    04/19/74   M    41   211  19/H63 Holstein


 304    05/25/74   M    NW3   184  19/H63 Holstein


 I1o convert to pounds:   2.205  X  kilograms  =  pounds,
 2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
 3Not weighed
                                      C-7
Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Dead on arrival.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Dead on arrival.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Transferred to UNR2
March 11, 1975.

Twin of 302.  Dead on
arrival.

Twi n of 301.  Dead on
arrival.

Euthanized.   Not needed
in program.

Twin of 305.  Dead on
arrival.

-------
                            APPENDIX C.  CONTINUED
Animal    Birth          Wt.1 Dam
  No.    .Date    Sex    (kg)  No.
        Sire
         No.    Breed
          Remarks
 305    05/25/74   F     NW2  184 19/H63 Holstein
 306    06/15/74   M     38   241

 307    07/10/74   F     41   83
        216    Holstein

        216    Holstein
 308    09/13/74   M      38    127  19/H63 Holstein
 309    09/29/74    M      43    153  19/H63  Holstein
 310    11/11/74    F     41    218


 311    11/11/74    F     36    179


 312    11/11/74    F     36    251


 313    11/25/74    F     41    209


 314    12/03/74    F     38   250


  315     12/07/74    F     41    197


  316    01/28/75   M    NW2  269

  317    02/05/75   F    34   221



  318    02/11/75   M    36   252
        19/H63 Holstein


        19/H63 Holstein


        216    Holstein


        19/H63 Holstein


        216    Holstein


        216    Holstein
Twin of 304.   Dead on
arrival.

In herd.   Steer.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Euthanized, September 14,
1974.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized, September 14,
1974.  Not needed in
program.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Retained as replacement
animal  in  herd.

Retained as replacement
animal  in  herd.

Retained as  replacement
animal in  herd.
         3919   Holstein   Dead on arrival.
         517    Holstein
                Hereford
                Crossbred

         517    Holstein
                Hereford
                Crossbred
 Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
 Not needed in program.
 Euthanized.  Not needed
 in program.
      convert to pounds:
  2NW = Not weighed
2.205 X kilograms = pounds,
                                        C-8

-------
                            APPENDIX  C.   CONTINUED
Animal   Birth         Wt.1  Dam   Sire
  No.   .Date    Sex  (kg)   No.     No.      Breed
                                                             Remarks
 319    02/15/75   M    41   220  3919   Hoi stein
 320    02/24/75   F    38   256  517    Hoi stein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred

 321    03/07/75   F    34   208  517    Hoi stein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred

 322    03/15/75   F    38   219  3919   Hoi stein
 323    03/18/75   M    41   133  3919   Holstein
 324    07/21/75   M    43   128  3919   Holstein
 325    08/21/75   M    36   198  517
 330    10/05/75   M     NW2   119   517
                                        Holstein
                                        Hereford
                                        Crossbred
  326    09/02/75   M    45   211  HI 91   Holstein
  327     09/24/75   F    36   278  517    Holstein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred

  328     09/28/75   F    38   123  517    Holstein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred
 329    10/01/75   F     36    179   517
                                         Holstein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred

                                         Holstein
                                         Hereford
                                         Crossbred
!To convert to pounds:   2.205  X  kilograms  =  pounds.
2NU = Not weighed
                                     C-9
                                                   Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
                                                   Not needed in program.

                                                   Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
                                                   Not needed in program.
                                                   Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
                                                   Not needed in program.
Retained as replacement
animal in herd.

Sacrificed May 22, 1975.
Not needed in program.

Euthanized July 23, 1975,
Not needed in program.

Euthanized August 22,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized September 3,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized September 25,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized September 29,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized October  1,
1975.   Not needed  in
program.

Euthanized October  6,
1975.   Not needed  in
program.

-------
                           APPENDIX C.  CONTINUED
Animal   Birth          Wt.1 Dam Sire
  No.   'Date    Sex    (kg)  No.  No.     Breed
         Remarks
 331     11/25/75   M    41   281   517     Holstein
                                          Hereford
                                          Crossbred

 332     12/04/75   M    36   280  517     Holstein
                                          Hereford
                                          Crossbred

 333     12/07/75   M    41   184  517     Holstein
                                          Hereford
                                          Crossbred

 334     12/11/75   M    43   284  517     Holstein
                                          Hereford
                                          Crossbred

 335     12/18/75   M    45   241  517     Holstein
                                          Hereford
                                          Crossbred

      convert  to pounds:   2.205 X kilograms  = pounds,
Euthanized November 26,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized December 5,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized December 7,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized December 12,
1975.  Not needed in
program.

Euthanized December 21,
1975.  Not needed in
program.
                                       C-10

-------
                                DISTRIBUTION

 1 - 40  Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas
     41  Mahlon E. Gates, Manager, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     42  Troy E. Wade, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     43  David G. Jackson, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     44  Paul 0. Mudra, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     45  Elwood M. Douthett, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
46 - 47  Ernest D. Campbell, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
48 - 49  Paul B. Dunaway, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
50 - 51  Mary G. White, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     52  Roger Ray, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     53  Robert W. Taft, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     54  Leon Silverstrom, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     55  Robert W. Newman, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     56  Bruce W. Church, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
57 - 58  Technical Library, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     59  Chief, NOB/DNA, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
     60  Hal Hollister, DSSC, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     61  Tommy F- McCraw, DOS, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     62  L. Joe Deal, DOS, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
63 - 67  Major General Joseph K. Bratton, Asst. Gen. Mgr., DMA,
         ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     68  Gordon F. Facer, DMA, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     69  James L. Liverman, Director, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     70  Robert L. Watters, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     71  John S. Kirby-Smith, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     72  Charles L. Osterberg, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     73  Robert W. Wood, DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     74  William S. Osburn, Jr., DBER, ERDA/HQ, Washington, DC
     75  Ray Brechbill, ERDA/SAN, Oakland, CA
     76  Marcie Williamson, HSL/INEL, ERDA/ID,  Idaho Falls, ID
     77  Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN

-------
 78  Helen Pfuderer, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
 79  P. Wahlgren, CARL, Oak Ridge National  Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
 80  H. E. Walburg, CARL, Oak Ridge National  Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
 81  Asst. Admin, for Research and Development, EPA, Washington, DC
 82  Deputy Asst. Admin,  for Radiation Programs, EPA, Washington, DC
 83  Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
 84  Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP, EPA, WAshington, DC
 85  Director, Div. of Technology Assessment, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
 86  Director, Office of Technical Analysis,  EPA, Washington, DC
 87  Library, EPA, Washington, DC
 88  Paul DeFalco, Jr., Deputy Regional  Admin., Region IX, EPA,
     San Francisco, CA
 89  James K. Channell, Regional  Radiation  Representative, Region IX,
     EPA, San Francisco,  CA
 90  Richard L.  Blanchard, Director, Radiochemistry and Nuclear
     Engineering Branch,  EPA, Cincinnati, OH
 91  Charles R.  Porter, Director, Eastern Environmental  Radiation Facility,
     EPA, Montgomery, AL
 92  Peter Halpin, Chief, APTIC,  EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
 93  Harold F. Mueller, ARL, NOAA, Las Vegas, NV
 94  Gilbert J.  Ferber, ARL, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD
 95  K. M. Oswald, Mgr.,  Health and Safety, LLL, Mercury,  NV
 96  Bernard W.  Shore, LLL, Livermore, CA
 97  Richard L.  Wagner, LLL, Livermore,  CA
 98  Howard W. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA
 99  Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
100  Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, LLL, Livermore,  CA
101  J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
102  Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos,  NM
103  Lamar J. Johnson, LASL, Los  Alamos, NM
104  George E. Tucker, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
105  Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Laboratories,  Albuquerque,  NM
106  Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Laboratories,  Albuquerque,  NM
107  R. Glen Fuller, Oracle, AZ
108  Richard S.  Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH
109  Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV

-------
      110  Savino W.  Cavender, REECo, Mercury,  NV
      111  Auda F. Morrow, CETO, NTS, Mercury,  NV
      112  Billy Moore, NTSSO, ERDA/NV, Mercury,  NV
      113  Leo Bustad, Director, Veterinary Medicine,  Washington  State
           University, Pullman, WA
      114  Vincent Schultz, Washington State University,  Pullman,  WA
      115  Arthur Wallace, University of California,  Los  Angeles,  CA
      116  Wesley E.  Niles, University of Nevada,  Las  Vegas,  NV
      117  Library, University of Nevada, Las Vegas,  NV
      118  Verle R. Bohman, University of Nevada,  Reno, NV
      119  Lloyd P. Smith, President, Desert Research  Institute,
           University of Nevada, Reno, NV
      120  Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute,  University  of
           Nevada, Reno, NV
      121  Thomas P.  O'Farrell, Director, Applied  Ecology and Physiology
           Center, Desert Research Institute, Boulder City,  NV
      122  William S. Twenhofel, U.S. Geological  Survey,  Denver,  CO
      123  Manager, Desert National  Wildlife Range, U.S.  Fish and Wildlife
           Service, Las Vegas, NV
      124  Supervisor, Region III, Nevada Fish and Game Department,
           Las Vegas, NV
      125  Paul Lyons, Nevada Wildlife Research,  Division of Archives,
           Capitol Building Annex, Carson City, NV
      126  Deward W.  Efurd, McClellan Central Laboratory, McClellan
           Air Force Base, CA
      127  L. L. Skolil, San Diego State University,  San  Diego,  CA
128 - 155  Technical  Information Center, ERDA, Oak Ridge, TN
           (for public availability)

-------