VDI-RICHTLINIEN December 1961
VEREIN 1
DEUTSCHER 1
INGENIEURE 1
Katalog der Quellen
luftverunreinigender Stoffe
VDI 2090
SOURCES OF AIR-POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
This publication, translated from the German, was prepared by
the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft. All rights reserved.
Reproduced with permission by the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Washington, D. C.
VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft
VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft
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Foreword
This is one of several dozen VDI Clean Air Committee specifications
on air purification which the Division of Air Pollution of the U.S. Public
Health Service has obtained permission to translate, publish, and distri-
bute in limited quantity. A complete list of the VDI publications being
published by the Division of Air Pollution appears on the inside back
cover. Because the VDI Committee from time to time revises these
specifications, this and other publications in the series may be super-
seded by later publications.
The VDI Clean Air Committee specifications are compiled by trade
or professional associations and published by the Committee. The Com-
mittee has neither official status nor regulatory authority, although West
German governmental agencies participate in its activities. Air quality
specifications published by the Committee are therefore advisory, rather
than regulatory. They may however later be adopted by West German
governmental authorities.
The English translations were done by the Joint Publications Research
Service of the Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce.
It should be borne in mind that various terms literally taken from the Ger-
man do not have the same connotation in English} for example, the word
"standard" frequently appears where the word "criteria" might better
reflect the comparable American meaning, since in this country "standard"
is generally meant to imply a legally enforceable value, while "criteria"
usually means a recommended value upon which standards may be based.
The publication and distribution of these translations by the Public
Health Service constitutes neither endorsement of the specifications nor
of the air quality or emission limitations recommended in them. We
believe that they contain much useful information that would otherwise
not be available to non-readers of German and for this reason have made
them available to workers in the air pollution field in the United States.
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SOURCES OF AIR-POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
No 2090, December
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Mining 2
2. Chemical and Related Industries .............. 2
3. Iron and Steel Plants and Foundries 3
h. Steel Mills and Refining Plants h
5. Furnace Installations for Steam and Power Generation ... f>
6. Mineral Oil Industry 5
7. Stone and Earth Industry 5
8. Processing Plants for Animal and Vegetable Products .... 6
9. Other Industries, Commerce and Agriculture 6
10. Public Technical Installations .............. 7
11. Small Industries and Domestic Heating 7
12. Transportation 7
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INTRODUCTION
This enumeration of sources is a review of the principal sorarees of
air-polluting substances not including sources of radioactive contamina-
tion. It is not to be regarded as complete and iti.ll be changed and
supplemented in later Issues as necessary.
The sources of air-pollution are arranged by industry branches and/or
the fields of their occurrence in which the sequence of enumeration corre-
sponds in principle to the arrangement selected in the issue of December
1958 but is supplemented by new groups. The listing of sources herein and
the sequence of listing hare no relation to the magnitude of emission of
matter foreign-to-air.
This issue has been adapted largely to the listing in the Decree on
Installations Requiring Permits under para. 16 of the Trade Regulations
of h August I960 but the latter contains also an enumeration of the
sources for emission of noise, vibration^ etc.
This specification also lists such installations as sources of air
pollution in which, under the present status of technology, the prevention
of emission is not yet possible or cannot be achieved at an economically
bearable costo
VDI Specifications for the prevention of emission are therefore being
prepared at the present time only for such installations in which emission
can be restricted with economically bearable technical installations„
They have been grouped in the VDI Manual on Air Purification under the
chapter "Prevention of Emission of Matter Foreign-to-Air" and are listed
in the sequence of this manual0
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1. Mining
Anthracite Mining
processing installations
briquet factories
coking ovens
carbonizing furnaces
coal chemistry installations
tar processing installations
coke screening, crushing and grinding" installations
generators (cf. sec. 10)
Lignite Mining
briquet factories
carbonizing installations
generators (cf. sec. 10)
Ore Mining
above-ground processing installations (screening, crushing and
grinding installations)
roasting installations
pelletier and sintering installations
,*
General Mining Installations
furnace installations (cf. sec. J>)
transportation and transloading installations
dumps
2. Chemical and Related Industries
,„ production and processing of chlorine and hydrogen chloride
production and processing of bromine
production of hydrogen fluoride and other fluor-compounds
production of sulphur, sulphur dioxide, and sulphuric acid
production of hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide and sulphur-
chloride compounds
production of nitric acid
production of ammonia
production of nitrogen, phosphor and potash fertilizers, e.g.,
superphosphate, calcium cyanamide
production of calcium or silicium carbide, etc.
production of electrode coke and graphite
production of ferrous alloys
processing of caoutchouc and regeneration of rubber
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production of synthetic rubber
production of synthetic resins and plastics including synthetic
fibers
production of lamp black
production of cellulose
production of viscose and processing into rayon, cellulose wool
and glass
production of film base and film
production of lacquer, varnish and polish
production of artificial leather
processing of oil, wax and varnish, e.g., saturation and coating
of textiles and paper
processing of tar, e.g., wood preservative
production of roofing paper and sheets
other chemical installations, e.g., production and processing of
organic solvents and intermediate products, pharmaceutical products,
textile adjuvants, insecticides, wood preservatives, dyes, and de-
tergents in which gases, vapor and dust are created for which a
permissible immission concentration (PIC-value) has been determined.
General Installation of the Chemical Industry
generators for producing synthetic gas (cf, sec. 10)
furnace installations (cf. sec. 5>)
dry grinding installations
installations for the disposal of manufacturing residues
installations for the disposal of spent sulphite and sulphate liquor
(cf. sec. 5)
dumps
3. Iron and Steel Plants and Foundries
Iron Works
sintering installations
direct-process installations
pig iron production and blast furnaces
Steel Mills
blister-steel plants
bottom-blast converters with or without oxygen
oxygen blast process, ID and LDAC crucibles
open-hearth steel plants
electric-arc furnaces
annealing furnaces for crude steel
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By-Product Installations
slag cement (cf. sec. 7) and Thomas Slag installations
coking batteries (cf. sec. 1)
Foundries
cupola furnaces
electric smelting furnaces
Bessemer installations
casting and moulding-sand processing
drying kilns and tar-coating plants
General Installations in Iron and Steel Plants and Foundries
furnace installations (cf. sec. 5)
transloading and storage installations
building ventilation
dumps
ho Steel Mills and Refining Plants
production of aluminum oxide
production of aluminum
roasting, sintering, agglomeration of sulphide ores
pit-furnace lead production
refining of lead
processing of lead waste and residue
production of zinc by reduction
production of zinc by distillation
processing of zinc containing residues by rolling
production of crude and/or black aoppAar in the pit-furnace or
smelter
production of the copper in the converter
refining of copper in the anode and/or wirebar furnace
resmelting installations for NE metals
General Installations in steel Mills and Refining Plants
furnace installations (cf. sec. 5)
processing installations (crushing and mixing)
charging, transloading and loading installations
building ventilation
dumps and storage areas
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5. Furnace Installations for Steam and Power Generation
furnace installations for solid fuels, e.g., anthracite, lignite,
wood, peat
furnace installations for liquid fuel, e.g., oil, tar
gas generators
furnace installations for incinerating industrial waste
public garbage Incinerators
General Installations for Furnace Installations
coal grinding installations
coal drying installations
dumps
6. Mineral Oil Industry
distillation, refining, reforming, hydration and cracking of
petroleum
production of oil from slate and other rocks as well as processing
of such oil by distillation and refining
claus and sulphuric acid installations (cf. see, 2)
General Installations of Mineral Oil Industry
furnace installations (cf. sec. J>)
loading and storage of crude oil and intermediate and finished
products
7. Stone and Earth Industry
calcination of dolomite
calcination of clinker cement
firing of porcelain, stoneware, tile, refractory rock and brick
production of bauxite, gypsum, infusorial earth, magnesite
crushing installations (crushers and grinders) for stone and earth,
Bog., lime, clinker cement, bauxite, dolomite, gypsum, infusorial
earth, slate, slag
General Installation of the Stone and Earth Industry
furnace installations (cf. sec. 5)
mixing, transloading and loading installations
conveying installations
storage sheds and silos
drying installations
dumps
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8. Processing Plants for Animal and Vegetable Products
production of animal and vegetable products by extraction and
refining
production of fish oil and fish meal
processing and tanning of skins and furs
processing of raw wool
lipolysis and soap boiling
production of glue and gelatin
drying and cooking installations for feed crabs
stock yards and meat packing plants
processing of animal intestines
installations for disposal and processing of animal bodies and
animal waste
roasting flax and hemp
sulphur drying plants for hops
production of cork and cork brick
furnace installations (cf. sec,, 5) in the above enterprises as well
as in sugar mills, distilleries, breweries and other industries
of the food industry
°o Other Industries, Commerce and Agriculture
installation for surface treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metals
by sand blast, flame and pickling
lead, tin, zinc coating installations by fusion
Building-Material Industry
asphalt smelters, asphalt boilers, tar boilers and processing
installations for bituminous paving materials including coated
gravel
production of synthetic stone
Building Trade
street construction and paving processing
demolition of pavement and buildings
stationery combustion engines, steam pile-drivers
Glass Industry
production of glass
production of frosted glass
hydrofluoric-acid glass-etching installations
Textile Industry
bleaching, dyeing, and filling
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Agriculture
drying installations for green fodder, cereals, etc. with various
heat generators
10. Public Technical Installations
furnace installations (cf . sec. 5) for generating steam, hot water,
hot air, e.g., in municipal power plants, gas works, collective
central-heating plants, thermal power plants
Gas Works
coking ovens (cf. sec. 1)
coal chemistry installations (cf . see. 1)
coke screening, crushing and grinding installations (cf. sec. 1)
oil cracking installations
generators
transport and transloading installations
sewage disposal, e.g., biological filters, settling tanks
garbage disposal (incinerators (cf. sec. £), garbage dumps,
mulching)
street cleaning
11. Small Industries and Domestic Heating
furnace installations for heating purposes
other furnace installations in small industries
other sources of matter foreign- to-air, e.g., lacquer-coating
installations, automotive service stations, small garbage
incinerators
12. Transportation
Rail Vehicles
steam-power rail vehicles
rail vehicles with combustion engines
Road Vehicles
Otto and diesel motor vehicles
Inland and Coastal Ships
steam tugs and boats
diesel tugs and boats
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VDI CLEAN AIR COMMITTEE SPECIFICATIONS, PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH
BY THE DIVISION OF AIR POLLUTION, U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
VDI No.
Title
2090 Sources of Air-Polluting Substances
2091 Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
Capacity 10 Ton/Hr and Over, Hard-Coal Fired with Mechanical
Grates
2092 Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
Capacity 30 Ton/Hr and Over, Hard Coal-Dust Fired with Dry Ash
Removal
2093 Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
Capacity 30-600 Ton/Hr and Over, Hard Coal-Dust Fired with liq-
uid Ash Removal
2094 Dust Prevention - Cement Industry
2095 Dust Emission From Induced-Draft Ore-Sintering Installations
2098 Restricting Dust Emission From Natural-Draft Steam Generators,
Capacity 25 Ton/Hr and Less, Lignite-Fired with Stationary or
Mechanical Grates
2099 Restricting Dust Emission in Blast-Furnace Operation
2101 Restricting Dust Emission From Copper-Ore Smelters
2102 Restricting Emission of Dust From Copper-Scrap Smelters
2103 The Restriction of Chlorine Gas Emission
2104 Terminology in Air Purification
2106 Permissible Immission Concentrations of Chlorine Gas
2107 Permissible Immission Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide
2108 Permissible Immission Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide
2109 Restricting Emission of Hydrogen Sulphide and Other Sulphur-Con-
taining Compounds, Except Sulphur Dioxide, From Gas Generators
in Coke, Gas, and Coal-Constituent Processing Plants
2110 Restricting Emission of Sulphur Dioxide From Coke Ovens and Gas
Plants
2115 Restricting Emission of Dust Frcm Manually Operated Central -
Heating Boilers, Capacity 6CO, 000 KCAL/Hr and Less, Fired with
Solid Fuels
2281 Restricting the Emission of Fumes From Diesel-Engine Vapors
2284 Restricting Emission of Dust and Sulphur Dioxide in Zinc Smelters
2285 Restricting Dust and Sulphur-Dioxide Emission From Lead Smelters
2290 Restricting Emission From Gas Generators in Coke and Gas Plants
2292 Restriction of Dust Emission in Anthracite-Briquet Factories
2293 Restricting Emission of Dust in Anthracite Processing Installations
2302 Restricting Emission of Dust, Tar Mist and Gas when Charging Coke
Ovens
2105 Permissible Concentrations of Nitrous Gases
GPO 869-17*
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