VDI-RICHTLINIEN
                                             May I960
  VEREIN
DEUTSCHER
INGENIEURE
        Gasauswurfbegrenzung
   '  Schwefelwasserstoff und andere
   schwefelhaltige Verbindungen auBer
 Schwefeidioxyd Kokereien und Gaswerke,
	   Kohlenwertstoffbetriebe
VDI2109
          RESTRICTING EMISSION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND
               OTHER SULPHUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS,
      EXCEPT SULPHUR DIOXIDE, FROM GAS GENERATORS IN COKE
          GAS,  AND COAL-CONSTITUENT PROCESSING PLANTS
     This publication, translated from the German, was prepared by
     the Anthracite-Mining Association, Essen, All rights reserved.
                   Reproduced with permission by the
     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
                         Public Health Service
                          Washington, D. C.
                   VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft
                    VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft

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                            Foreword

     This is one of several dozen VDI Clean Air Committee specifications
on air purification which the Division of Air Pollution of the U.S.  Public
Health Service has obtained permission to translate, publish, and distri-
bute in limited quantity.  A complete list of the VDI publications being
published by the Division of Air Pollution appears on the inside back
cover.  Because the VDI Committee from time to time revises these
specifications, this and other publications in the  series may be super-
seded by later publications.

     The VDI Clean Air Committee specifications are compiled by trade
or professional associations and published by the Committee.  The Com-
mittee has neither official status nor regulatory authority,  although West
German  governmental agencies participate in its activities.  Air quality
specifications published by the Committee are therefore advisory, rather
than regulatory.   They may however later be adopted by West German
governmental authorities.

     The English translations were done by the Joint Publications Research
Service of the Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce.
It should be borne in mind that various terms literally taken from the Ger-
man do not have the same connotation in English} for example, the word
"standard" frequently  appears  where the word "criteria" might better
reflect the comparable American meaning, since in this country "standard"
is generally meant to imply a legally enforceable value,  while  "criteria"
usually means  a recommended value upon which standards may be based.

     The publication and distribution of these translations by the Public
Health Service constitutes neither endorsement of the specifications nor
of the air quality or emission limitations recommended in them.  We
believe that they contain much useful information that would otherwise
not  be available to non-readers of German and for this reason have made
them available to workers in the air pollution field in the United States.

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            RESTRICTING EMISSION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AMD
                 OTHER SULPHUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS,
        EXCEPT SULPHUR DIOXIDE, FROM GAS GENERATORS': IN COKE,
             GAS, AND COAL-CONSTITUENT PROCESSING PLANTS
                             Prepared by:
               The Anthracite-dining Association, Essen.
VDT. No. 2109, May I960

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                          TABLE OF CONTMTS
       VDI Committee for Air Purification	 .  .  .  i"v

       Introduction  ........*. ............   1

1.     Technology  ........................   2

1.1    Coal-Constituent Processing Plants  .............   2

1.2    Sulphur Content of Coking Products  ...........   3

1.3    Coke-Oven Gas <>.<,.. ...................   k

l.U    Gases with High Sulphur Concentration ...........   6

l.ljl   Condensation	   6

I.lj2   Ammonia Scrubber  . . . . . . „	,	   6

1.1*3   Ammonium Sulphate Plant	   7

l.Ui   Benzol Scrubber and Benzol Plants ............   7

1.U5   Desulphuration of Gas ......	  12

1.U51  Dry Refining Process  ..................  12

1.1^2  Wet Refining Process	12

1.U6   Sulphur and Sulphuric-Acid Production
         Installations		r. .  12

2.     Measures for Reduction of Emission. .  .	13

2.1    General Measures  . . . .		13

2.2    Special Measures	13
                                - ii -

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Table of Contents (continued)                                    Page





3.     Guidelines for the Restriction of Emission  .	15



3.1    Restriction of Emission on the Basis of Immission .  . . ,  15



3.2    Reduction of Emission by Technical Measures	 .  15
                                  iii -

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                  VDI COMMITTEE FOR AIR PURIFICATION
       The VDI Committee for Air Purification is composed of experts in
all fields of importance for air purification.  These experts col-
laborate with the Comittee on their own responsibility and without
compensation and are proposed for the Committee by the following
societies and institutions:

       German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology
       German Society for Oil and Coal Chemistry
       German Society of Gas and Water Experts
       German Meteorological Services
       Society of German Chemists
       Society of German Iron Mine and Steel Mill Experts
       Association of Anthracite Mines
       Technical Inspection Associations
       Society of German Steel Mill Experts
       Society of German Foundry Experts
       VDI Trade Section on Dust Technology
       Association of Steam Boiler Owners

       Scientists from Universities and Institutes in Biology,
         Chemistry, Toi'estl'j and Agriculture^  Hunan and
         Veterinary Medicine, Metallurgy, Physics, and
         Technology
       Research Institute of the Cement Industry

       Federation of German Industry (Chemical Industry, Oil
         Industry, Automobile Industry, etc*)
       German Federal Railroads
       Federation of German Farmers
       Federation of Community Associations
       Settlement Federation of the Ruhr-Coal District
       Competent Federal and State Ministries
       Institute for Water, Soil, and Air Hygiene of the
       .  Federal Public Health Service
       Public Inspection Services
                               - iv  -

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                             INTRODUCTION
       The TOI Specifications on Air Piorifieation are divided into
the following groupss

       10  Permissible Immission Concentration (PIC-values)
       2.  Calculation of the Distribution of Dust and Gas
       3<>  Restriction of the Emission of Dust and Gas
       k<>  Dust and Gas Measuring Techniques.

       In the evaluation of problems of air pollution, the inner rela-
tion of these four groups of specifications most be considered.

       The Committee for Chemoteehnieal Investigations on control of
quality and operation (Chemists Committee) in the Anthracite-Mining
Association has assumed the task, upoa instigation of the VDI Com-
adttee for Air Purification, to investigate the sir pollution caused
by coke and gas plants.

       In coke and gas plants, dust, tar, mist and gas are emitted
during several production stages, . The present VDI Specifications
concern the ©mission ©f hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur con-
taining compounds not including sulphmr dioxide,, by coal-constituent
processing plants.  The essential points treated herein are the
occurrence of hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur-containing compounds
not including sulphur dioxidej maastaraa for the reduction of emissions
and guide lines for the r©stei@ti©n of emission„

       Special V31 Specifios&ioss are published on restricting the
emission of siilptaje dioxide by the mst© gases of' coke ovens and eoal-
eonstitueat processing plants„ .
                                - 1

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101  Coal-Constituent Processing Plants

       Coal-constituent processing plants serve for treating the raw
gas obtained from the coking of coal and for the recovery of the eoal-
constituents contained in the gas.

       The gases and vapors discharged from the coke oven are cooled
in the receivers of the coking battories and in the subsequent gas
preeoolerso  Swing this, tar and condensate separate out during the
proeess (condensation).

       Two processes ar© utilised for the subsequent production of
ammonia freas coke even gss»  In the semi-direct process, the preeooled
gas is washed in saturators or in spray-scrubbers with diluted sulphuric
aeid which converts ammonia into asHraonium sulphate.  The- ammonia sepap
rated out with the eandensat© in eooling the gas is distilled and
again added to the gas ahead ©f the saturators (ammonium-sulphate
       In th© indireet-reeevery process, the gas is scrubbed with water,
and depending ©n tgrp© ©f construction and method of operation, a greater
or lesser part of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide and other gaseous
eompomids is washed out (ammonia scrubber)0  The outflow from the
scrubbers and th© condensate are dCstilled together and the resulting
ammonia-sontainiBg vapors ar© passed through diluted sulphuric acid in
saturators0  Aasn©nium sulphate' iati precipitated in the saturators
(anmonium-sulphate plant).  .The.vapors froa the saturators, free of
ammonia but containing hydrogen sulphide, are either returned into the
coke-oven gas ©r are proc@sseJL4n Slaus furnaces and/or in sulphuric-
acid plants which produce sulphur "or sulphuric acid from the hydrogen
sulphide contained in the waste vapors (sulphur and sulphuric-acid
   ..   F©r recovery of volatile hydrocarbons, the coke oven gas is
washed with washing oil in scrubbers„  The enriched washing oil is
redistilled which produces raw gasoline (benzol scrubber and benzol.,
plant).  In seme eoking plants, th® volatile hydro-carbons are
recovered only by washing with washing oil or undercooling after con-
densing the gas.
                                . 2 -

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       The separation of hydrogen sulphide from coke-oven gas is
carried out either by the dry or by the wet process (desulphuration
of gas).

1.2  Sulphur Content of Coking Products

       Sulphur is present in coking coal in organic and inorganic
bond.  During coking, a part of this sulphur remains in the coke and
the remainder reaches the coal-eonstituent processing plants together
with the vapors and gases from distillation*  The sulphur content of
coking coal from the Ruhr and of the coke produced from it, is
approximately within the limits listed in Table 1.
                               Table 1

                   SULPHUR CONTENT OF COAL AND COKE
                     FROM THE RUHR IN DRY MATTER
Constituent
Organically bonded sulphur
Bisulphides
Sulphides
Sulphates
Total sulphur
Coal
g-wt
0.7 -1.1
0,2 -0.5
-
0.01-0,05
0,9 -1.6
Coke
£-wt
O.li -0.6
-
0,3 -0.6
0.01-0,03
0,7 -1.2
       The greater part of the sulphur In the coal, about 6$%9 remains
in the coke after coking.  The other 3%% ar© contained in the raw gas
discharged from the coke ovens and processed in the coal-constituent
processing plants.  This produces liquid products which contain about
5% of the sulphur in the coal and the remaining 30$ are gaseous
sulphur compounds.

       The part of the total sulphur not remaining in the coke re-
appears as a number of different coaporaBds ia the raw gas, in the
aqueous condensates and in the liquid coal-constituents.  The best
known compounds occurring are listed in Table 2.

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                               Table 2

                    SULPHUR COMPOUNDS FROM COKING
Designation
Hydrogen Sulphide
Carbon disulphide
Carbon oxysulphide
Ethyl mercaptan
Thiophene
Formula
H2S
cs2
COS
C2H5SH
w
Boiling
Point (DC)
-60
U6
-50
35
8U
       Hydrogen sulphide constitutes the major part of these compounds,
By appropriate processing3 the greater part of the latter can be
recovered as elementary sulphur or as sulphuric acid.

1.3  Coke-Oven Gas;

       During the coking process, about 300-ljOO Nnr of g;as are
obtained per ton of coking coalo  This coke-oven gas contains hydrogen
sulphide and other sulphur-containing compounds in relatively low
concentrations,,  However, in the processing of coke-oven gas and the
recovery of coal constituents, a small amount of gases with a high
concentration of hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur-containing
compounds is obtained.

       Directly beyond the coke oven, coke-oven gas contains 5-13
      hydrogen sulphide, in addition to carbon disulphide, carbon
oxysulphide and other organic sulphur compounds in a total amount of
about 0.5-1.3 g/NmX

       During cooling of the coke-oven gas and in the scrubbing of
ammonia, a part of the sulphur-containing compounds is separated out,
together with the tar and eondensate as well as the outflow from the
washers.  This share depends on the ammonia process utilized.  Up to
5C# of the hydrogen sulphide are extracted during the cooling of the
gas and the scrubbing of the ammonia in coking plants operating by the
indirect process.

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       Through the utilization of special processes, so-ealled partial
desulphuration, it is possible in large coke plants under certain con-
ditions to further lower the content of hydrogen sulphide.  Such par-
tially desulphurated gas is utilized to an increasing degree, instead
of non-purified coke-oven gas, for bottom firing of coke ovens 'and
for supplying adjoining industrial enterprises.

       When used as municipal gas or transported by pipeline, hydrogen
sulphide must be extracted completely in a desulphuration installation.

       The content of non-purified, partially desulphurated and
purified coke-oven gas in hydrogen sulphide and organic-sulphur, com-
pounds is shown in Table 3,
                               Table 3

                   SULPHUR CONTENT OF COKE-OVEN GAS
Type of Gas
Non-purified
Partially desulphwated
Municipal gas or
pipeline gas
Hydrogen
Sulphide
g/Nm3
5-13
!.*-£
None
Organic
Sulphur
g/Nm3
0.5 -1.3
0,2 -0.6 v.
0,08-0.25
       The processing of coke-oven gas in the coking plant takes place
in closed equipment and pipe systems.  In so far as non-purified or
partially desulphurated coke-oven gas is utiliz
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 L,li  Gases with High Sulphur Concentration?

       Wherever non-purified or  partially desulphurated  coke-oven gas
 comes into contact with aqueous  or oily condensates  and  with washing
 media, the latter absorb hydrogen sulphide  and other  sulphur-con-
 taining  coiapounds by absorption  or chemical  bond.  The resulting
 solutions can emit sulphur-contaiiiing  compounds during degasification.
 In  processing such solutions,  a  small  amount of gases  and vapors with
 high  sulphur concentration  is  created.

       In the following,  special reference is made to  the particular
 conditions in the various production stages„  Figures  1  to  h serve
 as  illustration and  indicate the disposition of the  hydrogen sulphide.

 l,i»l   Condensations

       The raw gas discharged  from the receiver of the coke ovens
 reaches  the  condensation precoolers at a temperature of  about  80°C
 which is reduced to  20°C0  In some coking plants, the  cooled gas is
 passed through electric precipitators  to extract any remaining tar
 misto  Beyond such equipment ar© gas suction-pumps which draw  the
 coke-oven gas from the  receiver  and condense it to the pressure
.required for further processing.  In the indirect process,  the heat
 of  compression created  by condensing the gas  must be removed from the
 gas in a final cooler before it  is passed through!the  ammonia  scrubber.
 In the semidirect process,  the gas reaches the  saturators directly
 from  the suction praaps.

       In all of this equipmenta condensates  are produced which  are
 collected and returned  into the  receiver..  The  receiver  condensate is
 transferred  to a separator  tank  where  it separates into  tar and
 aqueous  condensate<

       Th© condensates  contain hydrogen sulphide and other  sulphur-
 containing compounds in greatly  varying concentration, depending on
 the condensation conditions existing at the  points where such  con-
 densates occuro   For example,  the  content of hydrogen  sulphide of
 the aqueous  condensat©  is between  0,2  and 8  g/lit and  that  of  the
 weak  ammonia solution in  general at about 1  g/lit,

 10|;2  Ammonia Scrubbers

       In the indirect  process,  up to  f>($ of  the hydrogen sulphide
 are extracted from the  gas  in  the  ammonia washers, in  addition to
 ammonia, depending on the type of  construction  and the operating con-
 ditions  of the scrubber.  The  outflow from the  scrubber  contains 2-£ g
 of hydrogen  sulphide per  liter.  In a number  of coking plants, an
 increased extraction of the hydrogen sulphide is achieved by the return


                                 -  6 -

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of solutions containing a high degree of ammonia and a very low degree
of hydrogen sulphide to the scrubbers (ammonia-circulation scrubber).
Depending on the type of process, 60-?0£ of the hydrogen sulphide are
extracted.  The outflow contains in this case 5-12 g of hydrogen sulphide
per liter.

               Sulphate Plants
       The ammonia is distilled with steam from the ammonia-containing
water.  Together with the ammonia, the entire hydrogen sulphide is
extracted.  The outflow from the stills therefore contains no hydrogen
sulphide.

       The vapor mixture leaving the stills is passed through saturators
in coking plants operating under the indirect process and here the
ammonia is converted to ammonium sulphate with sulphuric acid... Vapors
escape from the saturators which contain hydrogen sulphide in hifch
concentration.  They are processed either into sulphur or sulphuric
acid or are added to the coke-oven gas.  In the latter case, hydrogen
sulphide is removed in a desulphuratitjn Installation or oxidized by
the heating gas.

       In the senddirect recovery process without partial desulphura-
tion, the entire coke-oven gas is passed through the saturators.  The
vapor mixture of the stills is added to the gas ahead of the saturators.
This again brings the hydrogen sulphide, contained in the vapor mixture,
into the coke oven gas.  If, in the send-direct process, partial de-
sulphur ation of the gas is to be made>, this can be done in a manner
similar to that of the indirect process.  In this case, partial de-
sulphuration is carried out prior to the entry of the gas into the
saturator.

       Still and saturator are closed equipment from which hydrogen
sulphide cannot escape into the open air.

l.liU  Benzol Scrubber and Benzol Plant s-t

       After the extraction of the ammonia, the coke oven gas is gener-
ally led through benzol scrubbers in which the volatile hydrocarbons
are washed out with washing oil.  At the same time, . the washing oil
also absorbs small amounts of hydrogen sulphide and a larger part of
the other sulphur-containing compounds from the gas (Cf; TJable 2).
In the processing of the enriched washing oil from the scrubbers, these
sulphur compounds are distilled out, together with the volatile hydro-
carbons.  The raw gasoline produced in the cooling of the distillation
vapors contains the predominant share of the sulphur compounds and
the remainder is contained in the ventilation gases.
                                - 7 -

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            ...... cokp oven gas
            ._ — other g&ses  &/or vapors
                 aqueous conJensate
                 snrt wash-ijig fluids
  f>i~,^f.^.:t:',     scrubber
."0:id'.'asation  cut f low
        *  of hydrogen sulphide
        in raw gas

   final      "1*3   gasoline
   cooler    ~crubber t-crubber!
                                                                    gas
                                  eooler
                                    JB--4-5

                                            r . _'l_._aj«	I
                                                             ^^
                          .-.tail
                                                                  li
                             
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from ooke ovens
     ""gg~>
          I   I receiver

            I
	coke oven gas
	other gases a/or vapors
—— aqueous oondensste
    and washing fluids
X of hydrogen sulphide
in raw gas
     HH,/H_S     _.
      3  2  gaselia*
gaa pnrifieatioa
                                                                   Bolpbtnrio aoid
                                                                    astallatioa
          Figure  2.
    hydrogen sulphide in coal-ecnvtlt
            is of a coking plant with
        process and vLth partial deaxQptaaration.

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                                 coke  oven g&s
                                 Citbt-:.? gnees S./ov
 2; of hydrogoR sulphide
       .gas
i
s
I
                          aqueous
                         condensate
(waste
 water
still
water I raw
     gasoline
                        Figure 3.  tfytrogen atilphtvie in coal-constttt»ni proc»«i1ng
                               iiaitallati.«>n of  a coidng plant- Witih sflrml-dlreet
                                    process without partial desulphuratiosi.

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              	 Coke oven gas
              	other gases &/or vapors
from poke Covens	aqueous condensate
       TO  I        and washing fluids
% of hydrogen sulphide
in raw gas
               final
                                         ifl installation
                                     n to  '           ;•••/
                                                  	L
                        H S scrubber
             Figure  ).s.  Hydrogen sulphide in coal-constitu«nt processing
                   installation of & coking  plant with  semi-direct
                   recovery process and with  partial desulphuration.

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1.U5  Desulpht;ration of Gas;

       Depending on the type of utilization of the coke-oven gas,
hydrogen sulphide is extracted completely or partially.  This is done
by dry or wet refining processes which may be combined under certain
circumstances.

Ioii5l  Dry Refining Process;

       In this process, hydrogen sulphide is extracted from the coke-
oven gas completely by gas-cleaning substances such as bog-ore iron
or "Luxmasse".  The sulphides so produced are oxidized by the oxygen
of the air into elementary sulphur which gradually accumulates in the
gas-cleaning substance.  After an enrichment of about 1*0-50$ of sulphur,
the substance is used up and is replaced by new substance.

lol*52  Wet Refining Process s

       In the wash process, the hydrogen sulphide is extracted from
the coke-oven gas in major part with the aid of washing fluids.
Depending on the washing fluid utilized, there is obtained subsequently
either elementary sulphur directly through oxidation of the sulphur
compounds or, initially, hydrogen sulphide by distillation.  The
latter can be processed into sulphur or sulphuric acid.

1*1*6  Sulphur and Sulphuric-Acid Production Installations;

       In such installations, the hydrogen sulphide contained in the
vapors from the saturators of the ammonium-sulphate plant as well as
from the different scrubbing processes is further processed either
into sulphur or sulphuric acid.               }

       In order to obtain pure sulphur, a part of the hydrogen
sulphide is oxidized.  The sulphur dioxide so created is converted,
together with the non-oxidized hydrogen sulphide, in contact ovens
into sulphur and water <>  The waste gases of the contact ovens which
still contain small amounts of non~converted gases, are subjected to
post-combustion with a high excess of air.  Consequently, only very
small amounts of sulphur dioxide reach the open air.

       For the production of sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulphide is
first oxidized into sulphur dioxidee  This is converted generally
into sulphur trioad.de with the aid of catalyzers which transmit the
oxygen introduced, and finally into sulphuric acid.  The waste gases
of these installations contain only small amounts of sulphur dioxide
and/or sulphur trioxide but no hydrogen sulphide.  The restriction of
the emission of sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide by coal-constituent
processing plants is treatsd in a special VDI Specification.

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                2»  Measures for Reduction of Emission

2.1  General Measures:

       The equipment and pipelines through which coke-oven gas and/or
gases with high concentration of hydrogen sulphide circulate, are
closed systems from which sulphur containing compounds normally cannot
escape into the open air.  However, in coal-constituent plants, such
compounds may be emitted during the following occurrences:

       Operational failures j
       Escape of ventilating gases;
       Through degasification of liquids,,

       This requires very generally the following measures for the
reduction and/or prevention of emission.

       Careful maintenance and control in operation must make sure
that all equipment, lines and installations are tight.

       In case of operational failure, devices must exist which
prevent the gases containing hydrogen sulphide from escaping into
the open air.  This may be effected, for example, by reconducting
such gases at a suitable point into the gas system of the coke plant.

       Ventilatioa gases existing in current operation must be pre-
vented from constituting a risk in a similar or other manner to such
an extent that the permissible immission concentration is not exceeded.

       During cleaning and repair, any waste~water containing hydrogen
sulphide must be adequately diluted, if necessary.

2.2  Special
       The emission of hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur containing
compounds at various points of coal constituent processing plants
varies greatly and is dependent on the type of operation.  The measures
listed below refer to the reduction of such emission.
                                  13

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 Source of Emission
  Cause of Emission
                             Reduction of
                               Emission
Condensation

Unbumt gases escaping
  from the gas torches

a) In normal operation
  with torch shut off.
b) With torch open
  during operational
  failures

Gases escaping from
  water seals

Outflow collectors
  on coolers| collec-
  tor and separator
  tanks

Ammonia Scrubber

Outflow collectors
  and collector
Leakage at stop valves
Failure of ignition
  device
Defective seals
Gas escape from
  liquids
Secondary coolers
  for primary-cooler
  outflow (in send-
  direct process)
Benzol JBcrobbar
  and Plant

Outflow receivers of
  scrubbers and washing
  oil tanks
Gas escape from
  washing of fluid
Escape of hydrogen
  sulphide with the
  cooling-tower
  vapors
Gas escape from
  washing fluid
                         Careful maintenance
                           and care of stop
                           valves„

                         Ignition of escaping
                           gases at proper
                           time

                         Regular inspection
                           of seal level

                         Proper closure and
                           appropriate ventila-
                           tion of outflow
                           collectors and tanks
                         Proper closure and
                           appropriate
                           ventilation of
                           outflow collectors
                           and tanks-

                         Partial desulphura-
                           tion of the coke-
                           oven gas and in-
                           direct cooling of
                           outflow
                         Proper closure and
                           appropriate ventila-
                           tion of outflow
                           receivers and tanks
                                            (continued)

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(continuation)
 Source of Emission
  Cause of Emission
    Reduction of
      Emission
Cooker-ventilating
  lines
Desulphuration of
  Gas

Outflow receivers
  and tanks for
  scrubbing fluid
Escape of sulphur-
  containing compounds
  with low boiling
  point, together
  with ventilating
  gases
Gas escape from
  washing fluid
Adequate cooling of
  distillates and
  return of ventilat-
  ing gases into the
  gas system of the
  coke plant
Proper closure and
  appropriate ventila-
  tion of outflow
  receivers and tanks.
             3»  Guidelines for the Restriction of Emission

       The following conditions should be taken into consideration in
designing new coking plants.

3•!  Restriction of Emission on the Basis of Immissions

       Ifc the vicinity of coking plants5 the content of hydrogen
sulphide and other sulphur-containing compounds of the respiratory air
should not exceed the values established in the VDI Specifications on
Permissible Imraisaiion Concentrations for Hydrogen Sulphide.

302  Reduction of Emission by Technical Measuresg

       In'addition to the points disswsed in Sec» 3d, all measures
possible under the present status of technology should be made, at
those points where emission of hydrogen sulphide and other sulphur-
eontaining eosapmrnds may occur, which are necessary to restrict or
completely prevent such emission,,

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  VDI CLEAN AIR COMMITTEE SPECIFICATIONS,  PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH
  BY THE DIVISION OF AIR POLLUTION, U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
VDI No.
Title
2090     Sources of Air-Polluting Substances
2091     Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
           Capacity 10 Ton/Hr and Over, Hard-Coal Fired with Mechanical
           Grates
2092     Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
           Capacity 30 Ton/Hr and Over, Hard Coal-Dust Fired with Dry Ash
           Removal
2093     Restricting Dust Emission From Forced-Draft Boiler Installations,
           Capacity 30-600 Ton/Hr and Over,  Hard Coal-Dust Fired with liq-
           uid Ash Removal
2094     Dust Prevention -  Cement Industry
2095     Dust Emission From Induced-Draft Ore-Sintering Installations
2098     Restricting Dust Emission From Natural-Draft Steam Generators,
           Capacity 25 Ton/Hr and Less, Lignite-Fired with Stationary or
           Mechanical Grates   ;
2099     Restricting Dust Emission in Blast-Furnace Operation
2101     Restricting Dust Emission From Copper-Ore Smelters
2102     Restricting Emission of Dust From Copper-Scrap Smelters
2103     The Restriction of Chlorine Gas Emission
2104     Terminology in Air Purification
2106     Permissible Immission Concentrations of Chlorine Gas
2107     Permissible Immission Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide
2108     Permissible Immission Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide
2109     Restricting Emission of Hydrogen  Sulphide and Other Sulphur-Con-
           taining Compounds, Except Sulphur Dioxide,  From Gas Generators
           in Coke,  Gas, and Coal-Constituent Processing Plants
2110     Restricting Emission of Sulphur Dioxide From Coke Ovens and Gas
           Plants
2115     Restricting Emission of Dust Frc:7i Manually Operated Central-
           Heating Boilers, Capacity 6CO, 000 KCAL/Hr and Less, Fired with
           Solid Fuels
2281     Restricting the Emission of Fumes From Diesel-Engine Vapors
2284     Restricting Emission of Dust and culphur Dioxide in Zinc  Smelters
2285     Restricting Dust and Sulphur-Dioxide  Emission From Lead Smelters
2290     Restricting Emission From Gas Generators in Coke and Gas Plants
2292     Restriction of Dust Emission in Anthracite-Briquet Factories
2293     Restricting Emission of Dust in Anthracite Processing Installations
2302     Restricting Emission of Dust, Tar Mist and Gas when Charging Coke
           Ovens
2105     Permissible Concentrations of Nitrous Gases
                                                                   GPO B«9-«7»

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