United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/4-86-010a
April 1987
Air
Preliminary
Compilation Of Air
Pollutant Emission
Factors For
Selected Air Toxic
Compounds
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EPA-450/4-86-010a
April 1987
PRELIMINARY COMPILATION OF AIR
POLLUTANT EMISSION FACTORS FOR
SELECTED AIR TOXIC COMPOUNDS
Air Management Technology Branch
Monitoring And Data Analysis Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
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This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Any mention of trade names or commercial products is not
intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA-450/ 4-86-01 Oa
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MAILING LIST
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards is providing technical support to assist State and local
air pollution control agencies in developing and implementing air toxics
programs. One way that OAQPS provides assistance to agencies and other
interested individuals is by compiling and publishing emission data for
various toxic air compounds. The purpose of these documents is to help
agencies and others who are interested in locating potential emitters of
toxic air compounds and in making preliminary estimates of toxic air
emissions. These reports published by EPA are introductory documents
only, and they are not intended to provide exact estimates of air toxics
releases from specific facilities. EPA will update and expand these
reports and publish new documents as toxic air emissions data are obtained.
If you would like to receive notice of any new or updated air toxics
emissions reports or if you have any additional air toxics emissions
data, please complete the following mailing list form and mail it. to the
address on the form.
Air Toxics Emission Mailing List
Please check the appropriate blanks.
I would like to receive notification of any updated or new air toxics
emission reports published by EPA.
I have additional air toxics emission data that would. help EPA.
contact me.
Please
Date:
Name:
Title:
Company/Agency:
Street Address:
Mailing Address:
Street/Box
City
State
Zip Code
Phone #:(
)
Please mail form to:
Anne Pope
MD-14
Air Management Technology Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
1.
2.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emission Factors for Toxic Air Pollutants. . .
References. . . . .
......
.....
. . . .
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. . . 1
. . . 4
. . .57
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SECTION 1.
INTRO~UC'J;ION
The Environmental Protection Agency and State and local air pollution
control agencies are in the process of developing air toxics programs.
The development of an air toxics program may require tne compilation of
estimates of toxic air emissions from sources in a geographic area. One
way to estimate air toxic emissions is by using emission factors. This
report presents a preliminary compilation of emission factors for selected
toxic air pollutants. The purpose of this report is to offer a technical
service to air pollution control agencies in performing preliminary
estimates of air toxics emissions.
An emission factor relates the quantity of a pollutant released to
the atmosphere with a source activity (e.g. stripping, absorption,
combustion, storage, handling,etc.). Emission factors are usually
expressed by units of mass of pollutant emitted per unit of mass, volume,
heat input, distance, or duration of a process that emits the pollutant
(e.g. kg of pollutant emitted per Mg of product). Section 2 presents a
listing of emission factors for selected toxic air pollutants and associates
the emission factors to levels of source activity for pollutants. This
is illustrated in Section 2 for carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride
is emitted when it is produced as a product, by-product, or intermediate
during various processes and when it is used to formulate other compounds.
If data are available, the emission factors in Section 2 are associated with
unit operations for processes. For example, emission factors for carbon'
tetrachloride releases from perchloroethylene production result from
neutralization, drying, distillation, and other operations; whereas only a
process emission factor is listed for carbon tetrachloride emissions from
pharmaceutical production facilities. For some toxic air pollutants in
Section 2, the emission factors associated with processes or operations are
further characterized by the presence or absence of emission reduction
techniques or controls. For many of the controlled operations, the type of
emission reduction control is identified. However, the emission reduction
techniques in this report do not necessarily represent the best available
control technology (BACT) or reasonably available control technology (RACT).
Other information concerning the processes are included in the "Notes" of
Section 2 to assist the users of this report. In addition, references are
listed for each emission factor in this compilation.
The emission factors in this report are compiled. from a review of
the literature. Section 2 was previously presented in Appendix H of an
EPA report entitled "Compiling Air Toxic Emission Inventories",
EPA-450j4-010. Appendix H was updated to include emission factors for
ethylene oxide and chlorobenzenes. The primary sources of information
are those used to develop the EPA emission reports in the series "Survey
of (Substance) Emission Sources" and in the series "Locating and Estimating
Air Emissions from Sources of (Substance)". Because the available
information on air toxics emissions is limited, emission factors are
only provided for selected air toxics compounds and not for all identified
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air toxics. The emission factors for the toxic compounds in this report
are based on hypothetical facilities and do not consider the influence
of various process design parameters such as temperature, reactant
concentration, age of equipment, etc. If the emission factors were
correlated to process design variables, they would provide more precise
emission estimates than the factors in this report. Because insufficient
data exist to determine the accuracy or validity of the emission factors
in this compilation, no estimates can be made of the error that results
from using these factors to calculate toxic air emissions from any given
facility.
The emission factors in this report are intended to only be used for
making preliminary estimates of toxic air emissions from various sources
of air pollution. It should be understood that these factors will not
likely provide exact estimates of emissions from any particular facility.
Because these factors are obtained from data of varying degrees of accuracy
and are made for hypothetical sources, emissions calculated for a facility
using these emission factors may differ significantly from the actual
emissions from the facility. In some cases, the differences in process
design parameters possessed by the hypothetical and actual facilities
could produce orders of magnitude differences between estimated and actual
toxic air emissions. To estimate the most accurate releases from a
facility, source specific data including specific source measurements
and/or material balances should be used whenever possible. When source
specific data are unavailable, more accurate emission estimates can be.
made by using information contained in the primary references list~d in
Section 2 in addition to the emission factors.
To illustrate the application of emission factors, an example is
provided for acrylonitrile. If an agency decides to estimate acrylonitrile
emissions in an area, it could make preliminary estimates of emissions by
using emission factors in Section 2 and data on material usage records,
permit applications, or inspector records of facilities producing or
using acrylonitrile. However, it must be emphasized that these estimates
can vary greatly from actual emissions because the factors are based on
releases from hypothetical plants with hypothetical emission controls.
To develop a more accurate emissions estimate, the primary reference
listed in Section 2, "Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources
of Acrylonitrile", should be reviewed. A comparision of the process
parameters of the hypothetical plant contained in the primary references
and of those of the actual facility allows the agency to determine the
sources of error associated with using the emission factors and to produce
more realistic emission estimates. If source specific data are unavailable,
then the agency should view the calculated acrylonitrile emissions as
only a preliminary estimate.
This preliminary compilation of air toxics emission factors will be
updated and expanded as new information is obtained on process descriptions,
operating practices, control measures, and emissions data. Comments on the
contents or usefulness of this document is welcomed, as is any emission
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information that would allow EPA to update.and expand the preliminary
list of toxic air emission factors. All comments should be sent to:
Chief. Noncriteria Emissions Section
MD-14
Air Management Technology Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina
27711.
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SECTION 2.
EMISSION FACTORS FOR TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
I'IIllutant Process EIIission Factor Notes ~erence
ketildehyde IIood cDlbustiOl - re5IClentid
NoaIstove 0.22 Ib/tm IIIIOd bumed 2
IIoods toYe 0.24 Ibf till IIIIOd burned 3
F i"", 1 iCe 1.4 Ibfton IIIIOd burned 2
ibid cD8bustim - c08l!f'Clal,
infus trial 0.24 Ib/tm ..ood burned 3
Acryloni trile ProWct im p Ian t
Absorber vent (nor.» 0.10 g/kg produced tkon trolled 15
0.002 g/kg produced Cantrolledj ther.l incinerator 15
'181 il55U8ed l!IIission reductloo
ftbsarber vent (stirt\.f) 0.187 g/kg produced tkontrol led 15
CoIU8'l vents 5.00 g/kg produced tkontrolled 15
0.10 g/kg produced Cantrolledj flare (vent HI 15
'181 as5UIII!d I!IIISSlon reduction
Storage vents
Crude acrylmitrlle 0.048 g/k9 proWced t)!controlled 15
0.00048 glkg produced Cantrolledj lliter scrubber 15
em. as5Ulll!d l!IIisslon reduction
AcrylCl1.i trile l'1li tinks 0.128 gfkg produced t)!control led 15
0.00128 g/kg produced Cantrolledj lliter scrubber 15
em. as5UIII!d l!IIisslon reductloo
Acrylooitrile storage 0.531 g/kg produced lh:ontrol led 15
0.00531 g/kg proWced Cantrolledj INter scrubber 15
em. il55U8ed I!1115Slon reduc tloo
Handling (tan~ car loadingl O. 167 gfkg produced li1cootrolled 15
0.0017 glkg produced Cantrolledj INter scrubber 15
em. as5U8ed I!IIISSlon reductloo
Handling (barge loading' 0.150 gfkg produced li1control led 15
0.0011 g/.g produced Cantrolledj ..ter scrubber 15
em. il55U81!d I!IIlssion reduction
Fugitive 0.1IOb gfkg produced tkontrol led 15
0.238 g/k9 proWced Cantrolledj detection and correction 15
of liiar INks. 711 as5Ulll!d I!IIISSlon
I'I!IiJc:tiOl
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SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
PIIlhtMIt Proa!!s El1551111 FactIII' l*ltes ~e
Ars81 ic "inill<3 0.2 lb/tlJl of arseniC m art! 8
Cast iron 0.01 to 0.02 Ib/tal 01 II!tal cbarged 8
1*Jn11HTlll5 alloys 1 lb/tlJl of arseniC procl!S5I!d 8
Pesticide procilctilJl for 20 Ib/tal of U'SBlIC procl!S5l!d 8
agricul tural U51!5
Glass pl'O!u:tion 0.2 Ib/ton of glass pl'O!u:ed 8
ibid pl"I!5er'YatiY1!5 Negligible 8
Others (pamt p iglBlts, 3 Ib/tm 01 arsenic processed 8
pyrotechnics, pha.....:eutlcal,
seI icCllduc tors, etc.) ,
CottlJl ginning Pl'OCl!55lng 4 IbsllOOO bales of cotton ginned 8
Foreign resic*Jal oil
110. b fuel oi I, ""xico 0.0008 Ib/lOOO gallCils 0.1 CIII tent , PfI8 8
1*1. 6 fuel oil, Virgin Islands 0.0008 to 0.002 Ib/lOOO gallans 0.1 to 0.2 cCiltent, PP8 8
'1*1. b fuel oil, TrinilUd 0.0007 IbOOOO gallCils 0.095 cllltent, PP8 8
No. 6 fuel oil, Curacao, M.A. 0.001 to 0.002 Ib/IOOO gallllls 0.16 to 0.2 Cont81t, Pf'8 8
Average fill' foreign residual all 0.001 lb/lOOO gallans 0.14 content, pp8 a
Foreign crude 0115
lleutral ZIXIe crude No. 24 0.0006 Ib/lOOO gallCils 0.079 content, pp8 8
Boscan crude oi I, ~vu 0.002 Ib/lOOO gallCils 0.34 CClltl!llt, pp8 8
Jabo crude oil, Yenezuela 0.0004 Ib/lOOO gai'ICils o. (.Ci3 content, pp8 8
Kwoait crude DII, Klllliit 0.00007 Ib/lOOO sallCils 0.01 cmtl!llt, pp8 8
80sean crude oil, Venezuela 0.02 Ib/looo gallons 0.31 cmtent, pp8 8
lagl.ullas crude oil, Venezuela O. 0IJ09 I bl 1000 'Ji lIans 0.12 cmtl!llt, Pf'8 8
lItI F al'VO, li bya 0.0001 Ib/lOOO gallCils 0.02 cmtBlt, pp8 a
Average for forei 90 crude 0115 O. 0IJ09 I bl 1000 'Jillans 0.13 cllltl!llt, Pf'8 8
U. S. C/'\lde Dlls
51. Tedesa, illinois 0.004 lb/looo gallans 0.61 cmtent, ppe 8
llaysville, II. Oklahou 0.0002 Ibllooo gallons 0.031 content, PP8 8
Hall-&rney, Kans.s 0.0003 lb/lOCIO .gallCils 0.047 content, pp8 8
East TeJas, Texas O.1iOOU5 lb/lOOO gallm5 0.007 CCiltent, PP8 8
Srass CI'I!I!i:, !lalter Doe, Ny08mg 0.0003 lb/lOCIO gallCils 0.04 content, ppe 8
Averaqe for U.S. crude oils 0.001 lb/lOOO gallms 0.15 contl!llt, ppe 8
Cotton ginning 1Id5b! burned 17 Ib/IOOO bales of cottal ginned a
Setoage and sludge 0.02 Ibl tal of se.age iI1d sludge 8
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SECTION 2 (Cant.).
Pollu~t Pruess Eaissian Fittal' Notes Rlrierence
Arsenic ICOlltir-..edI Cod cOIbustim-inliistrid
0.04 Ib/ton tm:mtrolled 2
0.0004 Ibl tan ESP 2
SetIigI! Sludge Incil1l!l'~tors 0.2-J.9 Ib/lOOO ton 2
0.07-7.2 Ib/ton 3
Ca8bustim of bi tuinous 0.4 Ib/tm 2
coil-l'I!SidBI tul
laste all 0.000075-0.00109 Ib/lOOO ~llms J
Pr-i..,., lead Slel ting 0.88 Ib/ton of 1911 proIi1ced 0
Utili ty boile/'S
Ii tl8inous coal
PIIlverized d,., botta. 15.3 pglJ heat il1'Ut ESP 7
5.3 pglJ heat il1'Ut Scrubber 7
133 pgl J heat input Ikantolled 7
PIli 'll!l'ued ..t bott08 12.4 pgI J he.it input ESP
Cycllllll! J.O pgl J heat input ESP 7
Stoker 200 pgl J heat IRput ...1 ticyc lanes
Anthl'iti te coil
PI lYer ized 15.3 P9/J heat input ESP 7
Stoker 200 pglJ heat input ...lticyclmes
lignite cOil
PIIlYerlzed dry botta. 0.8 P91 J heat Input ESP
PIli 'll!l'ized ..t bott08 5.S pglJ heat input ESP
Cycllllll! 0.7 pg/J heat Input ESP 7
120 P91 J heat input ...1 hcyc lilies 7
Slater 20D pgl J heat input ...lticyclones 7
Resldwl oil
Tangenti~1 9.5 pgl J heat Input ESP
47.J pglJ heat Input Ikll1trolled
Ndl 9.5 pg/J lINt input ESP 7
47.3 pglJ heat input Iklrltrolled 7
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SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
Po II ubnt ProcP5s E8lssllJ1 Factor /tItes Reference
Arsenic (clJlhnuedl Industrial bOilers
Pulverized 2B) pql J heat input 1\11 hcyclones 7
92.0 P9'J heat Input ScnJbbl!r 7
Stalter 200 pql J heat Input I\Ilhcyclones
4S2 pgl J heat Input l.k1clJltrolled
TU1I)ential 9.4 pqlJ heat input Scrubbl!r
47.3 pg/J heat Input l.k1controlled
Will 9.4 P9'J heat input ScnJbbl!r 7
47.3 pgl J heat Input lR:ontrolled 7
Co_rc lal bOilers
Coil 482 pq/J heat input Stoker 7
Residual 47.3 pg/J heat Input T iI19l!n ha I
Oil 47.3 pgfJ heat input iii II 7
D1shlhtl! 47.3 pglJ heat Input hngl!ntial
Oil 47.3 P9/J heat input Wall
Resldenllil
B1 t18111OU5 coal 717 pqlJ heat Input All
Mthraci tI! coal lOb pglJ heat Input All
LI'JlIte coal 430 pgl J heat Input All
D1sti ll.te coal 1.5 pglJ heat Input All
Asbestos Br.ke Wear 2.6 uglk.'vehlcle 6
I1lnlnq and 811linq
Ntntnq, total 9 to 10 Iblton .tned 8
"Inlnq 3 Ib/tm .lned 8
lDadlng 2 I bl ton .Ined 8
Hau lI"9 2 Ib/tm .med 8
Ulloadl"9 2 lb/tlJl .Ined 8
"inlnq, total, ~1 cmtrol 5 Ib/tm .Ined 8
Hilling 100 lblton .i lied 8
"11 ling, 5V1 control ~ Iblton .llIed
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SECTION 2 (Con~.)
Pollut.JIt ProUss E8issim Factor Notes Reftrm:1
Asbestos (cmtinued) "llling 20 Ib/ tal .illed 801 Cmtrolled 8
PrOCI55In'
Frlctim ..teriil bib/too asbestos processed Cmtralled 8
Asbestos Cl!llllllt products I Ib/tm asbestos processed Contrall ed 8
Tlxtiles 40 Ib/ too asbestos processed titcontrolled 8
2 Ib/too asbestos processed Controlled 8
Asbestos paper 4 Ib/tm asbestos processed titcootrolled 8
lib/tal asbestos processed Controlled 8
Flmr hll! 4 Ib/tm asbestos processed titcmtralled 8
lib/too asbestos processed Controlled 8
Bel zetII! f'vtroll!ll8 I"I!finery
Crude storagelhand Ii "9 0.0047 Ib/lOOO gal crude
Rehnl!l"Y operatiG'lS 0.01 Ib/lOOO gal crude
DenZI!III productim 0.5 Ib/lOOO gal bl!nZIIII! produced
Gasolinl! earketin9 0.184 Ib/lOOO gal gasolinl!
Benzo(a)pyrBlI (41111 IOId Ii res 0.00025 - 0.0014 Ib/tm 3
IODd burnI!d
Utili ty b0111!r5
Puherul!d dry bottOl 0.03 pgl J hst Input ESP or ILIlhcyclonl!, bltU8lnGUS coal
Pulwrized .t iJottD8 0.08 P9/J hl!at input ESP or ILllticyclll'll, bl tuIIlncus coal
Cyclll'll! 0.08 P9' J hl!at Input ESP, bltU8lncus coal
Stolrl!l" 0.10 P'3/J hHt mput I\llticyclml!5, bltUIIlnGUS 01'
anthraCi tl! coal
Pulwrized dry bottD8 0.07 pglJ hl!ac mput ESP, I1g/11tl! coal
Pulvl!I"ized III!t bottOl 0'<:1/ pg/J heat input titcmtrolled, lignl te coal
Cyclone 0.09 P'3/J heat Input ESP, lignitl! coal
Stoker 0.09 pg/J hst Input ItJl ticyc lone, 1i!J1I te coal
T angI!IIt i al 0.002 pg/J h@at input Residual oil, scrubber
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SECTION 2 (Cant.) .
Pollutant Process uissian FiCtor Notes Rrierenc.
8enzoC.lpyrBl' Industrial boil,"
(cent inuBl I
Pul verized 0.03 P91 J heat i~ut ItJlticyc1ON!, coal fired 1
Stoker 0.03 P91 J /leit mput ItJlticyclCJIe, coal fired 1
Stoker 0.00 P91 J heat i~ut lk1cootrolled, coal fired 1
TiI/IC3I!IIhal 0.13 P9/J heat Input lk1cootrolled, oi I fired 1
lIill 0.2 pg/J heat Input lk1cootrolled, 011 fired 1
eo-rcial boilers
Stoter 4.1 pg/J heat input ~cantrolled, coal fired 1
Tangential and ...11 0.4 pg/J hHt Input ~controlled, residual oil or 1
dish Il.te oil
lesidual boi lers
All lee pg/J heat input Bituamous coal
All 100 pglJ hHt Input Anthracl Ie coal
All Ice pg/J heat input li'Jute coal
All 0.1 pglJ hHt Input Distillate oi I
Bery 11 iU8 "ining 0.2 Ib/tan Be .ined B
CeEllt phnts
Dry process 0.00003 Ib/lOOO tCJIs produced 9
llet process
nln 0.002 IbllOOO tons produced 9
CI inter cooler 0.0008 IbllOOU tons pt'CdIced ESP 9
CI inter cooler 0.0009 Ib/lOOO tons proci1ced 8a;u.se 9
BerylliU8 alloys 0.1 Ib/too Be processed 9
Ist.-ped and dr.-I
Beryll iu. alloys IlIIIldingl 0.01 Ib/too .Iloy produced I)Jcon trolled 9
0.0004 Ib/too alloy produced 8a9house B
Cer..ics 1 Ib/ton Be processed Cmtrolled 9
Beryl hU8 metal fabricat ion 0.1 Ib/tm of Be processed Cmtrolled 9
Oil CaNIustion (reslwall O.ooce Ib/lOOO 9.11005 bumed 9
Se.age sludge mc mera lion , 0.000H.OO3 Ib/looo ton ...ste IletscnJllber 9
ILIltiple hearth
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SECTION 2 (Cont.) .
Pollutant Process Eaission Factor Notes Rlrierm:,
BI!ry lliU8 Sewag, sludgt incillfration, 0.0001-0.002 Ib/lOOO ton IliSte 11ft 5Cnmber 8
(contil1ledl fluidized bed
ItJIicipal muse incinerator 0.03 lb/lOOO tal NaSte I)!controlled 8
0.03 lbllOOO ton ..1StI! ESP 8
Gray il'll1 procb:hCII 0.00044 lb/ton gray il'll1 pl'lllilced 3
llast, oil cllllbustion 0.0075 lb/looo gal 3
Coil cDlbustim, industrial 0.005 lb/ton I)!controlled 2
0.0001 lb/ton ESP 2
Utility bDilers
BitU8inous coal
RJlverlzed dry bott. 2.1 pg/J heat Input ESP 7
b.9 pglJ hNt Input "'1 t icyclmt 7
0.3 P91 J heat Input SerUlbtr 7
23. 7 pgl J heat input Uncontrolled 7
RJlverized III!t bottlD 1.7 pgl J hHt input ESP 7
5./0 pglJ hNt input "'It icyclCII' 7
0.2 P9' J heat input Senmber 7
18.9 pg/J heat Input ~controlled 7
CyclOllf 0.6 pg/J heat Input ESP
1.2 pglJ heat InpUt., ' "'lticyclCII'
0.7 P91 J heat input SenJbbtr
4.0 pg/J hNt InpUt Uncontrolled
Stmctr 5.6 pg/J heat input "'I hcycl 0IIf 7
18. I P91 J heat Input Uncontrolled 7
An thrac I tI! coal
Pulverized 2.1 pgl J heat Input ESP
Stoker 5.b pg/J hNt Input "'lhcyclClle
l1gnl te coal
Fu lvtrl zed dry bott. 0.6 pgl J heat Input ESP 7
0.3 pgl J heat Input Serobbtr 7
64.5 pg/J heat input Uncontrolled 7
Pulverized III!t bott08 0.5 pglJ hNt input ESP 7
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SECTION 2 (Cont.) .
Pollubnt Process EaiSSl1III fac lor Notes Reference
8ery 11 iua Cyclone 0.3 p
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SECTION 2 (Cont..) .
PolluUilt -Pl'IXess faiSSUl1 Factor Notes Reference
~tyl cartJi tol Integrated circui t boud 0.08 tll1/loo,ooo 5'! It procilct 4
llinufac ture - screelllns
<y I cellosolw Integrated circuit beard 0.78 tll1/loo,ooo sq It procilct 4
_facture - devel~fI'
Cidlliu "ioin, of zinc belring lI'e 0.2 Ib/tll1 Cd 8ined LQcmtrolled B
Zinc 58I!lting 300 Ib/tll1 Cd charged Not for electrolytic process B
Cqoper 58!ltlng 1300 Ibl tm Cd charged B
12i11 sElling 1300 Ib/ton Cd chl"9ed B
Cad_i.. refin ins 25 Ibl till Cd prociJeed 8
Secondiry leill - 0.1-0.4 Ib/tm fb Cmtrolled 8
reverberatcry furnace
Steel scrap 0.003 Ib/ton steel produced LQcmtrolled 8
Secoodiry lead 581!1 ter 0.00044 Ib/tm leill b
Ceten t
Dry process 0.1)0()4 Ib/ton of feed b
llet pl'lXI!SS 0.0002 lb/tlll Df feed b
SeIIage sludge 1I1cinerahon 0.34 Ib/tll1 IMSte b
Itmicipil IIIste Incinerlhm 0.009 Ib/tm IIIste 2
!last!! all cDlDustim 0.003~.15 Ib/IOlA> 'Jil 3
Velllele tire ..ear 1.01 E-08 Ib/811e traveled
Industrial bOilers
Pu Iverized 2.7 p,/J heat input "alhcyc1I111!, coil-fired
0.4 P9/J heat Input Scrubber, eeal-fared
B. 9 pgl J list Input lW:mtrDlled, coil-hred
Stoker ~.5 pq/J heat input "alhcyclmll, ceal-fired
17.9 pg/J list input lkIcmtrolled, ccai-hred
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SECTION 2 (Cont~)
Pollutmt Process Elissim FiCtar ItlIes ReferBK:e
Cad.iua Icllltinued) Tangential, .all 21.0 p
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SECTION 2 (Cont~)
PDlhtM1t ~s Elissim Fadar !'Gte Ritferlnce
CarboI tetriChlaride Stcrage 0.0911-0.511 kg/ltg prockJced liIcmtrolled III
(contiooedl o.oIH.087 kg/ltg ,ru4Ia!d Refrigerated conden5l!!' III
Tri truck/car lOiding 0.24 t9/1tg produced lM1controlled III
0.1)31, kg/llg produced Refrigerated cCllden5l!!' III
IIIste h.1ndling 0.000. tg/llg praluced lM1controlled III
0.00004lI kg/llg produced YipOI' bahncI .-ad refrigerited III
canden5l!!'
Niste caust ic 0.002'1 tg/llg produced lM1controlled III
0.00012 tg/llg pnn.ced StH8 stripper III
ProclSs lugitiw 1.5 kg/hr prociJced lM1cDntrolled III
0.41-0.78 tg/hr pnDlced llanthly inspechon/loilintElln:e, 16
dull 8IdIanicil _Is
Cartlan tetrlchloridl production -
!!ethane chloriniticn proclSs:
~cycJed II!thane inert giS 0.042 tg/llg produced lMcmtrolled 16
purge VB! t
Distillitim irea eeergency 0.052 kg/llg produced I.ncm trolled 16
inert gas vent
Storage 0.057-0.1>4 kg/llg produced lMcontrolled 16
0.004Ir-iI.0'I6 kg/llg pl'lMb:ed Rtfrigerlted cllldenser III
Hind ling 0.24 tglllg produced lMcmtrolled 16
0.036 kg/Plg produced Refrigerlted clllden5l!!' III
ProctSS fugi ti ves 2.511 kg/hr lMcmtrolled 16
0.74-1.11 kg/hr llanthly IIIspechmlloillOtenanc:e, III
dUll lI!Chanlcil 5615
Carbon tetrachloride produchll1 -
Carbon disulfide chlorination
proceSs:
Chlorinator 116 kglllg produced lM1cll1trolled III
5.9 kg/ltg pl'lllilced Rtfrigerlted Clllden5l!!' III
Stcrl
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.).
Pollutant Proc155 £.1551011 Factor illite Referm:e
CartIIII tetrachloride Handl ing 0.24 kcjlllrj pnDiced lNCI1 troll ed 16
teont ilWled I 0.036 kg/1Ig prociJced Refrlger"ited cmdenser lit
Process fugi h ves 0.110 kcjlhr Lm:CI1trolled 16
0.14-0.32 kg/hr Inspl!I:hon/.untBlMICe, dOlille 16
MChanicii seils
Carbon tetriChlcride pruGiction -
llethanol hydroch lorinatioo/lethy I
chlcride chlcrinahon process:
Storage 0.~1.39 kg/1Ig l)JcCl1trolled 16
0.0012-0.21 kg/1Ig Refrigerited cmdenser 16
!Sldl ing 0.52 kg/llg l)JcCl1trolled 16
0.018 kg/1Ig Refrlgerited catdenser lit
Process fugl ti res 0.48 kg/1Ig Lm:ontrolled 16
0.091-0.28 kg/1Irj Controlled lit
Fluar!JCirbm 11 iIId 12 PruGJctiCl1:
ReiC tcr vent in, 0.042 kg/1Ig produced I.hcontrolled 16
Distillatiao colUIII 0.023 kg/1Ig produced RefrIgerated cmdenser iRd scrubber lit
StOr'i9f! 0.19-0.74 kg/1Ig prab:ed l)Jcontrolled 16
O.029-Q.II kg/1Ig pnwced Refrigerated cmdenser lit
Pholl'8olCeuticii prociJctam 110 kg/1Ig carbal tetrachloride used Controlled 16
EthylBle dichloridl! production -
Balanced process:
Oxychlorlnahon vent
Air process 0.29-1.2 Ig//Ig produced Lm:mtrolled 16
O.~ - 0.024 kg/1Ig produced Thersal oXIdIZer lit
OlygBl pra: 15S 0.044-0. 18 kg/1Ig produced l)Jcmtrolled 16
0..00(188 - 0.0050 kg/1'Ig produced Thersal oXidIZer III
CD IU8I vmt 5 0.14 kgll'lg pnDiced l)JcCl1trolled 16
O. 002B kg/1Ig produced Theraal oxidi ler lit
Li'JI ill Mlste s tora,e 0.0051 kg/1Ig pnDiced lNmtrolled 16
O.(XXJ17 kg/1Ig produced Refri'lft'ated cmdenser lit
-15-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
PolluUnt Pnxess EIIissicn Factor Notes Reference
Carbon tetrachlarule PerchIDl'Ol!thyl1!l1l! production -
lcontinued)
Ethyl!l1l! dichloride chlarinitim
It!utral iZitim 0.016 kg/l"! produced litcmtralled 16
Drying calulII 0.063 kg/I"! produced litcontralled 16
0.005 kg/l"! produced CondInser 16
Distillaticn colU811 0.0'll kg/rig prociJced litcontroll ed 16
Li;-tt enlslheavy ends .is tank 0.039 kg/1Ig prodlEed lKontralled 16
0.022 kg/PIg produced Condtmer 16
Star~ - li;-tl !lIIs (1.11 kg/1Ig produced lKontrolled 16
0.0012 kg/1Ig produced Cclnden5l!l' 16
Process fuqi ti.e 2.8 kg/hr lKontrolled 16
Chlarabenzenes ItJnoc:hlarabtnzene producticn 3.20 kg/llg produced 27
a-Dichlarobenzene productim 3.55 kg/1Ig prociJced 27
p-~ichlorabtnzene productlcn 7.24 kg/llg produced 27
Dye SynthesiS 0.50 kg a-Olchlarobenzene 27
IIIg dye synthesIZed
Phar801Ceuhcal prociJction 140 9 a-Oichloroilenzene/1Ig used 27
Chlarafllr8 IBste ail ca81ustim O.o:J-Q.53 Ib/1000 gal J
Chlarafllr8 prodlEtian -
!!ethanol h~rochlorinaticn/EIh)' I
chloride chlorination process:
OIlorofin d lstillahan _t 0.022 kg/rlg produced li1ccntrolled 17
Starage O. Ob1-Q. 97 k9/1IoJ prociJced li1ccntralled 17
Handling 0.35 kg/1IoJ produced litcontro11ed 17
0.035 kg/rig prowced Cmden5l!l' 17
Process fUCji ti Ye 1.4 kg/hr lKontrolled 17
0.32 kg/hr Cmtrolled 17
-16-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PDlluUnt Process E8issill1 factor Notes Ref!I"eIIC~
D110r0fcn fClI1tilllEd) lII!tIIane chloriNtill1 procP.iS:
~ led shale inert gas 0.013 kg/"" prodUE:ed IkK:m trolled 17
purge YB'I t
Distilhtial arw I!8I!I'CJI!IICY 0.032 kg/"" prodUE:ed IkK:mtrolled 17
inert gas vent
Stcrige (I.~. B3 kg/llg prodUE:ed IkK:mtrolled 17
0.073 kg/llg Pl'DIM:ed CIIItrolled 17
~ry 0.21 kg/llg prcOlced Ib:mtrolled 17
Hind ling 0.35 kg/llg prodUE:ed IkK:mtrolled 17
0.035 kg/llg prodUE:ed Condenser 17
ProcP.iS lug i t i VI! 3.1 k9~hr IkK:II1 tro lied 17
0.74 kg/hr CIIItrolled 17
fl ucrocarbm 22 product im -
5 torage 0.59-2.5 kg/"9 produced Uncll1trolled 17
0.03-0..125 kg/ltg pr"IWced Refrigerated Calden5l!!' 17
Fagi ti ve 0.023 kg/hr Controlled 17
. Ethxl",~ dichlcrldl! produclian
by ba lanced pl'OCl!SS -
Oxychlarinatim vent:
Air pnxl!'iS 0.033-0.65 kg/llg produced IkK:m tro lled 17
/0./0 E-04 - 1.3 E-07 kg/"" produced Therul oxidizer 17
(jc ygen prDCfSS 0.005-0.12 kg/llg produced IkK:mtrolled 17
0.0001 - 0.0024 kg/ltg Thl!l'801l oxidIZer 17
CalUll"l VI!/Its 1.1) kg/ltg produced Uncmtrolled 17
0.02 kg/llg produced Thl!t'8al OXidIZer 17
11 ~lId IIiIsb stcra
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont_o)
. I'IIlluUnt Pracesl Eaissill1 Factor Notes III!flr'81Ce
D\IO/'OfOl"8 (cll1tinuedl llarket ble.ched krift pulp 0.22 k.y/IIJ pnW:ed During IliSttIMter treit8l!llt 10
0.0019 kg//IIJ produced After IliSte.ater treat8elt 10
BI racIwd krift Pifll!rtJNrd, 0.22 k'J//IIJ pl'lDiced During IliSttlMter treit8l!llt 10
CDal"!il! piper, ti SSlll! p.,er 0.000'lO kg/ltg pl"Odllced After IliSttlMter treat8elt 10
S:Ida aid krift fine bleached 0.13 k'J/1Ig pl'lDiced During IIoJsttIMter treit8l!llt 10
pipl!r5 0.0
-------
SECTION 2 (Coat.-) .
Pollutant Proces t.lssion Factor Notes Reference
Chl'C8iU8 (continued) Refined Dn! storagl! 0.0'1 1b/ton 01 chnDi te OI"I! Lncontrolled 9
procl!Swd
0.00009 Ib/ton 01 Chrll8lte On! Dust colll'Cter (filter cartruj91!) 9
procl!Ssed
Processinq 01 ra81 eterlals Factors I!xprl!Ssed as total eleental
at lerrochro8l! plants - Chrll8lU8.
ReCl'ipt MId storagl! of chl'Ole 0.68 Ib/tm 01 chrCll! On! processed 151 of sources used to dl"ielOP thiS 9
Dn! in stock pi II! fiCter III!re controlled.
DryIng. Cnlsh in9, MId S iz in9 0.68 Ib/tm of chrCll! On! processed 751 of sources used to develop thIS 9
of chl'Oll! ore hdor III!f'I! controlled.
1i!19hing MId fl!l!ding chl'08l! 0.1>1 Ib/tm 01 chrCll! On! processed 201 of 5C11t'C1!S used to dl"iI!IOP this 9
ore to electric arc fumace fiCtor III!f'I! controlled.
EIl'Ctric arc fumaces used to
produce ferrochf'Olll!S -
FerrochrOlll! - si !icon 3.3-12 Ib/tO'l of product Lncontroilled; assuES ChrD8IU8 is 0.4 9
0.45-1.& Ib/lllH1r to 1.41 of total partIcuhte MISSIonS
by 1II!19ht.
Hi!jh-carbon ferrochl'(]8l! and 47 Ib/ton of product lkK:ontrolled; asSU8I!S Chl'08lU8 IS 141
char
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont~)
Po 11 utmt Process Eaissilll Factor ttJtes Reference
DvcmiU8 (cmtinuedl Hi 'jh-carbon ferrochl'Q8l! 0.0049 Ib/llHlr Cmtrolled; assull!S Chr08lU8 IS 141 of
total particulate NISSlms by lelgllt.
HlijlH:arbon ferrochl'Q8l! 0.091 Ib/l'llH1r Cmtrolled; assull!S Chr08IU8 IS 141 of
total particulate Nisslms by leight.
HI gh-carbon ferrochl'Q8l! 0.38 lbl tal of product Controlled; assull!S chro8lU8 is 141 of
0.090 Ibll'llH1r total particulate ItIISSlmS by lelght.
Hi'jh-carbon ferrochl'Q8l! 0.045 Ib/l'llH1r Controlled; asSU8I!S Chr08iU8 is 141 of
total particulate N15sims by lelght.
Finishing q>eratims iI1d prodoct Factors expressed as total ell!Elltal
handl ing at ferrochrcme p 1mb - chl'l18iua.
Tt'eat8l!tlt of IIOlten alloy .i th 251 of sources used to deter8lne
ch lorlne or other gas In ladle: hctors oere cmtrolled.
FerrochroE - si licm 3.4 Ib/tm of product 9
Hi fI-carban ferrachl'08l! 0.0 Ib/tan of product 9
Casting of let'rOChroE product: 421. of sources used to dete/'8111e
factors oere cmtro II ed.
Fet'rachrDdl! - slllcm O. on Ib/ton of prodoct 9
Hi fI-carbon ferrochl'Q8l! 0.14 Ib/tm of product 9
Crushing/6rinding of pradll:t: 931 of sources used to'detenune
fact0r5 oere cmtralled.
FerrochroE - si licm 0.22 Ibl tal of pt'Olilct 9
Hi fI-carbon ferrochl'08e 0.42 Ib/tal of product 9
Rlofrictory Industry - Factors expressed is total ell!Elltal
Chr081 08.
Total pressing process 150 Ib/tm of refractory produced, lW:mtrolled 9
54 Ib/tlJ'l of refractory prodoced Cmtrolled; 641 cmtrol effiCiency 9
Ore crushing, silinS. drying 150 Ib/tm of refractory produced, Ii1contro11ed 9
54 Iblton of refractory prodoced Cmtrolled; 641 cmtral efficiency 9
Brick firing kilns 0.2 Ib/tm of refractory produced Ii1controlled
Total fusion casting process 225 Ib/tan of refractory produced, lW:ontrolled 9
52 Ib/tlJ'l of refractory produced Cmtrolled; 777. cmtrol IIfficlency 9
Ire crushing. sizing, drying 150 Ib/tan of refractory produced, lkIcmtrolled 9
3-4 Iblton of refractory produced Controlled; 771 control efficiency 9
-20-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
PollutGnt
Rl!ference
Process
Ealssion Fac tor
Notes
O1ro8iUl (continued)
fuSion Elting, C.J5t1nq,
bl'lYklXlt, and fini5hing
Refractory inOOstry -
Chl'08l!""8c1llnesite brick production:
ChrDM Ore Preparat ien
()-e stora!Jt!. qrindinlJ, and
sizing (chrOlll! ore)
!ryei' (dll'08I! ore)
Star.ge in raM IMterids silo
(ch~ ore and la'JlU!5i tel
Processing .111 Firing
Hi - Idll'OIe Dn! and
1la9" es i te ) -
.!ricl dryer (chrolE ore and
"9"esi tel
!r it t ki I n (dll'lJle ore and
"9"esi tel
ChI"08l! oxide brick productien:
Cast ing Process
iii 11 iog (ball Iii 11 (chrC8ic
olide)
~ra, dryer (chroftlC oxide)
F'resslnlJ Process
iii II!/' (dlr08IC 01 ide)
SodiUl dichrOllite aanufacturlng
phnts -
Total process
75 lbltcn of refractory produced,
18 lb/tcn of refractory produced
0.02-0.10 Ib/ten of row ..terials
processed
0.0035-0.0041 Ib/tCII of raw
aaterials processed
0.1)045-0.0065 Ib/tCII of raw
laterials processed
0.0011-0.0043 lb/tCII of r...
aaterials processed
0.00074 lb/ton of rail 80Iteriais
processed
0.0009'1 lb/ton of rail ..terials
processed
0.96 lb/tcn of r.. IIoIterials processed
0.96 Ib/ten of r.. /Uterlals processed
0.96 lb/ten of rail /Uterials processed
30 lb/ten of dlchroaate produced
3.0 lb/ton of didll'08olte proQj(ed
lrn:en tra lied
CIIItral1ed; m central effiCiency
Factors reported as total e1~tal
chl'08iUl
F~ric fi Iter; 9'1.'11 cootrol
efficiency
F~ric filter; 99.91 cootrol
efficiency
F~lc filter; 99.91 centrol
efficiency
Fabric filter; 99.91 centrol
efficiency
Scl\lbber; 901 centrol effiCiency
ScnJbber; 901 centrol effiCiency
llet scrubber; 971 cClltrol efficiency
Fabric filter; 971 cootral efficiency
llet scrubber; 971 cClltrol efhc lency
Factors expressed as total elt!Elltal
chl'08lU1
lrn:ontrolled
CIIItralled; 901 centrol efficiency
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
-21-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Po II utMIt PraclKS E8issiCII hctor ltltei- Rl!fen!nclt
O1rOlliUl (cClltilal!d1 kiln II1ly 15 Ib/tm of dichl'08at. produced ltIcClltrolled 9
1.5 Ib/tlll of dlchl'08atlt pnxilced Controlled; 901 cilltrol effiCiency 9
OIl'DIic acid prall.dill1
O1rOllic acid l'I!ilCtrr, eel ter, 0.4 Ib/tlll of ra. laterials procfSSfd ltIcllltrolled 9
MId flaker 0.02 Ib/tm Df ra. llitl!r'ials processed Controlled; scrubbl!r'; 951 clI1trol
effic iency
OII'DI ic at id fi Iter 2.8 lb/tlll of rolll lliterials processed Imcll1t rolled 9
0.03 Ib/tm of raN Iliteria1s processed Controlled; scnJbber; m cilltrol 9
elficiency
Packaging 1.4 Ib/tlll 01 rail lliteriils procfSsed ltIcll1trolled 9
0.07 Ib/tm of raN lliteriils processed Controlled; scnJbber; 951 control 9
efficiency
Hard chl'DllU8 plating facility Factors Irt in ter85 of Chr08ic Icid
and II'I! fl'Dl one faclli ty. All
dtl'DliUl is in tlw Iwunlent for8.
_Hard plating tank 5.4£-05-2.9E-04 Ib/hr.sq it hnk al'l!I
OIro.ic acid anodizing t.nk 0.0019 Ib/hr. sq It of t.Jnk area 9
Electric an: furnacfS lEAF'sl Factors IS total eleaental Chr08iUl
and represent l!IIissiltls after capturt
equipMIt but prior to clI1trols.
Stllnless shel and special 1.6-4.8 Ib/tll1 Df steel produced
allDys
Hixed products including 0.33-1.0 Ib/tll1 of steel pnxilced 9
stainless steel illd/rr
specialty alloys
Cuilill and alloy stefl O.03"1i.09 Ib/tll1 Df steel produced 9
Carbon steel 0.03-0.09 Ib/tm Df steel produced 9
Ar
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Pllllutmt ProCIMS Ellssion FiCtor ltltes Reference
OtrC81iUl (continuedl DlStlllite .2 23.9-29 pg/J (Chra8IU8 I!8ltted per IiIcontrolled; lEasured 9
unit of heat 81f"9Y cmt.uned In
the fuel)
Dlst illate .2 1.1-55 P9/J Ichl'OlliUll!8itted per IiIcmtrolled; calculated 9
unl t of he.t energy contilned In
the ILl! II
Dist illate 12 0.32-\).35 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal Ichl'OlliUl IiIcmtrolled; INsured '1
1181 tted pet' lasS of all flredl
Rlsi~il M 0.2'1 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal (chl'OlliU8 U1cmtrolled; INsured '1
l!8i tted per lasS of oi I firedl
Rr.;j ~il 15 O.b'1 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal (chl'08iU8 IiIcontrolled; INsured '1
1181 tted per lasS of oil firedl
Rlsi~il Ib 3.4 Ib/l,OOO,OOO 9il Cchl'D8lU8 lilcmtrolled; lI!asured '1
eei tted per lasS of ail firedl
Rrsi~il 28.6 pglS Ichl'OlliuI !!II tted per uni t U1controlled; lI!.sured '1
of he.t energy cmtiined in the fuel)
RtSi~d 2.1-50 P9/J Ichl'OlliU8 l!8itted pet' unit U1controlled; calculated '1
of he.t energy contiined in the fuel)
Rt5i ~il 5.7 P4/J Ichl'D8iU8 !!Iitted pI!!' unit Controlled; III!t scn.Gber or EsP '1
of he.t energy contained in the fuel)
Caal cD8bustim Factors expressed as Iotal chl'D8iUl
I!8ltted per unit of heat energy in the
fuel. Elissians 80St likeJy to exist
as Chl'D8lU8 sulfate, c08plex oXides of
chl'OlllU8 MId other III!tals, and
ChrollU8 oXIde.
Stoker; anthracite cOil 102 - b48 pgl J he.t mput Uncontrolledj measured 9
Staker; anthracl tI! coal 200 P91 J heat Input Uncontrolled; calculated '1
Stoker; anthracite cOil Ib.J pqtJ heat Input 11:; calculated '1
Pulverized; anthraci te coal 60.2 pgiJ h""t Input ESP; calculated '1
PulverIZed; bllU8inaus coal 15oj5 - 2fiIJ pgtJ he. t Input liIcantrolled; calculated '1
Pulverized; bltullinous coal 825 pg/J heat input U1cantrolled; INsured 9
Pulwrl:ed; bllU8maus coal 11.8 - 110 pg/J heat input 11:; calculated '1
Pulv~rized; bitUlIll10US coal 5.3 pg/J heat input 11:; lI!asured '1
Pulverized; bitU8maus coal 45 - 60.2 pg/J heat input ESP; calculated 9
Pulverized; bltuainous coal 2.5 - 3430 pg/J heat input ESP; lI!asul"l!d 9
-23-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cout.) .
Pollubnt Proc~s UI ssiCli FiCtOl' Noces Refl!r'8lC.
OIl'I8iU8 (cootilllfdi Pulwrized; blt..lnous coal 54.2.170 pg/J hNt Input 115; c.1culited 'I
Pulverized; ~Itllllinous ClWI 0.211 - 5.3 f"j/J he.t input 115; leisured 'I
Pulwrized; bl t..inous coal 7.8 pg/J hut lI~ut 11:/115; 8N5UNd 'I
PulvRriZl!d; bitU8inous ClWI 54 1'91 J lIeit input F6II; -iSUred 'I
Cyclone; bitU8inous coal 495 - 645 pgl J lINt input lkClltrolled; lI!iSUred 'I
Cyclmr; bl twoinous COil 130 pg/J hut Input 11:; Cilculated 'I
Cyclone; bitU8inous coal 8 - '1.3 pg/J he.t input ESP; Ci1culatrd 'I
Cyclmr; bl tU8lnlllS COil 2'10 - 2300 pg/J heit input ESPj ..SIU'@d 'I
Cyc lonej b i tU8inous coal 14 pg/J he.t Input 115; Ci1cul.ted 'I
Cyclmr; bi twoiOllls cOil 46 pgl J ha t input 115; ll!isured 'I
Stakl!rj bi bU8inllls cOil 38.3 - 2000 P9/J he.t input lNmtrolllld; Cilcuhted 'I
Stotl!r; bitU8inous coal 8.1 : 129 pgl J IImt input lkootrolled; ll!isured 'I
Stak.r; bi tulinoos cDilI 16. 3 - 590 pg/J brat input 11:; cilcul.ted 'I
Stokl!r; b i tU8inous coal 26.8 -. .1(140 pg/J llrat input 11:; ll!isured 'I
Stakrr; bi twoinlllS COi I 58 pgl J he.t input ESP; IHSUI't!d 'I
Stakl!r; bitU8inous coal 66 pgl J hat input FF; ll!isured
Pulwrized; ligni tl! coal ~ pgl J hrat input 11:;. Ci1cul.ted 9
Pulvl!rizlld; lignit. CDilI 2'1 - 32 1'9' J heit input 11:; leisured 'I
Pulwrized; ligni tI! CDilI 9.2 - 211.5 pg/J hl!at Input ESPj Cilcul.tlld 'I
Pulvl!rizlld; lignitl! coil 8.11 pgl J hl!at input ESP; lI!iSUred 'I
Pulwrized; ligni tI! coal 75 pg/J he.t input 115; ulcul.ted 'I
CyclCllr; li91i tI! CDilI , 245 - 430 pgl J IImt input 11:; calcul~lId. 'I
Cyc lone; lignite cDilI 5 - 17.8 pg/J hl!at input ESP; cilcul.tlld 'I
Cyclmr; ligni tr coal 0.3 pglJ hst input ESP; lI!asured 'I
Cyc lone; lignitl! cDilI 40 P9/J he.t inPJ!t 115; c.lcul.ted 'I
Stakl!r; lignite ca.1 16.3 pgl J IImt input 11:; Cilcul.tlld 'I
Stakl!r; lignitr coal 13 P9/J he.t input 1I:;lI!iSUred 'I
Stakl!r; ligni te ca.l <2.3 pglJ hst input ESP; lI!i5UI'ed 'I
Cl!lent Plints FiCtcn rxpresSl!d .5 tot. I ChrollU8
and In tenIs of tIIr .lDUI1t of Cl!8l!llt
produced.
Dt'y process i Iin 26 lb/lOOO tons lkontrolll!d 9
0,(/04 - 0.03 IblJOOO tons ESP 'I
0.003 - 0.03 Ib/lliOO tCliS Fibric hltl!r 'I
Dryl!rs and
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont-o) -
Pullubnt PI'oces &lissilll Factor IIot!5 lII!fertl1Ce
IJIrmil8 (cllltil1ll!d) Dryers iIId grindl!rs 3.4 Ib/l000 tills It1ca1trolled 'I
Clinter cool er 0.001 - 0.014 Ib/lOOO tms Fibric filter 'I
0.005 - 0.01 Ib/l000 tons Graftl bed 'I
0.005 Ib/lOOO tIllS lletscndlber 'I
""ic ipal refuse inc iNn tors Factors expressed as total ell!8l!llul
ch".ill8.
"'!tip Ie hearth
Refuse 1.11 Y 0.0071 Ibltcn solid Nlte incinerated lletscndlber 'I
R2fuse CIId sluclg. 0.0091 Ibltcn solid ..ste incinerated IletscnJbber 'I
Ibcking grate 0.0048 Ibltcn solid NSte incinerated lletscl'lilbel' 'I
Travelling vate 0.0006 Ib/ten solid ..ste incinerated ESP 'I
Sewage sludge inci,.,.atol's
FIui di ZI!IHJed 704 C 0.00008 Ib/tIII solid .ast!! incinlP'ated lletscndlber
816 C 0.00006 Ib/tIII solid .aste inciner'ated lletscl'lilber
927 C 0.0004 Ib/ten solid NSte incinerated llet scl'lilbel'
FluidiZtd-bN 0.0006 Ib/ten solid _te incinerated lletscl'lilber
ItIltiple he.,.th 0.0l4 lb/tlll solid ..st!! incinerilted Tim ccntrolled by III!t scnJbbl!rs, cne
by a singl~ass cydcnic SCnlbbeP'.
IIaud Clllbastian 0.76 - 11.7 pg/J
FrftI ..tar uti li ty CDCIIing FactOl'S expressed as .i~t of
toEP's pollut...t per tII_1 energy input to
tile ~ plCllt iI550Ciated with the
cooli"9 tower. &lissilllS expressed
IS toul chrmilJ8.
lJroift loss ,... of 0.1 to 0.2% 2.5 pg/J
U,.acticn of recirculati"9
..tl!P' l!Iitted by deign IS dP'ilftl
Drift loss range of 0.002 to 0.06 pg/J 'I
O. oa51
Asbestos 8ining and ulling Factors I't!pCII'ted as toul ,1N!CItil
chrmi U8.
"ining nI 8i1ling 0.14 Ibl ten of ISbes tos produced lIegl't!l! of ccntrol unspecified
-25-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
I'IIllutalt PracIH E8issilll Factor Iotft hfer!ncl
Dll'OIi.. (cIJIUrud) lIin ins 0.015 Ib/tlll of SestDs pl"lllilc8 ItIcllltrulll!d 9
O.OGIlb/tan of i5bIstos procNced 50% CIJItrolll!d 9
0.003 Ib/tlll of i5IIestDs pl'llGlCl!ll 801 cllltrulll!d 9
lIilling 0.1:1 Ib/tlll of i5bestDs praGlcl!d tb:antrolll!d 9
0.03 IbltIII of Asbestos produced 801 clJltralll!d 9
0.0015 IbitIJI of isbestos produclll m CIJItrolllll 9
O.OOOOI:llb/tan of asbetos pr'IQad Controlllll 9
Oil Cllllbustilll, c~iill 0.007 Ib/IOOO 9i11 ItIcllltrolll11 2
iIICI inUtrial
Utility coolill! talers
1'1"'1-1970 0.:51 Ibllllllltpat 2
Post-1970 0.012 Ibllllllltput 2
Bi tuailllllS colli caastilJl 0.004 Ib/tlll 2
residentiAl
lIKiMJ oil cOIbustilll 1.2 E - 03 Ib/tlll UnId 6
tDIl CDDstial, utility boil-
Pul_izl!d dry klttDI - 60.3 pglJ lleat i,..t ESP 7
bitwint18 cDilI 170 ",/J lINt i..t ScrUllllr' 7
1505 pgI J IIeIt i..t ItIcllltrulll!d 7
fIIlwri- lilt bott. - 49 ",/J hilt input ESP 7
bi tU8i- colli 80 pgI J IIRt input ESP 7
Cyclcn - bi twint18 clIII 46 ",I J hilt input ScNIbIr 7
Starlf' - bitl8illll5 colli 16.3 pglJ IIRt i~ /tI1 ticycll1115 7
fIIl_i- - .thracite 6O.2P91JlIRtinput ESP 7
Stdtlf' - .thracit. 16.3 P91J ,.t i,.,ut /tIlticyc 1l1li5 7
fIIl_i- dry bott08 - Ii"ite 26. 5 P9I J IIRt input ESP 7
I'III-izlll lilt klttDI - I i9Dit. 3.2 ",I J IIRt input /tI1 ticycll1115 7
21.6 pgJ J IIRt input ESP 7
-26-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PII11utint Pra:es E8issilll FilCtor illites Reference
Chra8iU8 (cllltinued) Cye l!XIe - lignite 17.8 pglJ beat input ESP 7
430 P9IJ ,.,1 hcyc I!XIIS 7
2.1 pglJ ScnJbber 7
Stoker - I igni te 11>.3 pg/J ,.,lhcycloolS
Aesidul oil cDllbustion
TUYj8\tid 5.7 pg/J ESP
28.1> pg/J U1cllltrolled
...11 5.7 pg/J ESP 7
211.1> pgl J liIcllltrolled 7
Cod COIbustion - industrid
boilers
PllverlZed 71.3 pglJ beat input "'lticyclllllS 7
54.2 pg/J heat input ScNblJer 7
Sider 16.3 pg/J heat input ...1 ticyclllllS
38.3 P91 J heat input liIcllltrolled
Oil clJlbustim - industrid
boi lers
T 11198\ Ii d . 5.7 pgl J heat input Scnlbber 7
28.1> pgl J blNlt input liIcmtrolled 7
Will 5.7 pg/J heat input ScrUlber 7
28. I> pgl J heat input liIcllltrolled 7
Cod COIbustion - c~id
boi lers
Sider 38.3 pglJ blNlt input lkIc!XItrolled
Oil Ccmbustilll - c~rc lal
boi lers
TUYjentid - residual oil SO.O pgIJ beat input lkIcllltrolled
11.111 - residual all SO.O pgl J blNlt input liIcllltrol led
-27-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont~)
PDIIIIUnt . Proce5 E8lssion FoICtor Note bf-.:.
Chl'alill8 (conhnued) Oil clllbustion - CDlEl'Ciil
boil,,... -
langenhil - disti Ihte Dll 50.0 pgl J bl!it inpllt lNontrolled
llall - dishllite oil 50.0 pgl J heit input lNontrolled
Coil clllbllstim - "sidel1hil
boil,,... -
All fumolC' type - b itl8 illOll5 71.3 pglJ bl!it i'1'lIt LOclJltrolled
coil
All fllmiCe types - ....tlriCi te 06. 2 pgl J bl!it i'1'lIt lNmtrolled
All IlII'IIaCe types - ligni te 17.2 pg/J hl!it input lNlJltrolled
Oil colllustilJl - I'I!Sldenhil
boil,,... -
All filmiC' typl!5 - dish I lite 1.1 pg/J heat input lNmtrolled 7
oil
CtesDls Cote pr'IWctim 0.048 Ib/tlJl Dt coke prodllced 2
Crtsylic iCid pr'IWchlJl -
Process 0.00190 Ib/lb used 3
StDrigl! 0.00020 Ib/lb llsed 3
Fllgitive 0.00040 Ib/lb used 3
Crl!501 pnxiIctim -
Process 0.00190 Ibllb used 3
Storigl! 0.00020 Ib/lb llsed 3
Fllgitive 0.00040 Ib/lb llsed 3
Dichloroethil1e Ethyl chloride prah.octilJl 9.45 kg/llg produced
lias te oil clllbllst 1m 0.045 - 6.33 lb/lOOO gil bumed 3
DichlDr'04ll!thane \list, Dil coClustion 0.03 - 12.6 Ib/lOOO gal waste oil bumed
Dipropylene glycol Integrated clrcllit baird 0.09 tms/loo,OOO sq It product 4
IIolnufacture
DIF Integrated circuit baird
lIi/Iulacture -
Scr,elung-/lardener 0.04 tmslloo,OOO sq It product 4
-28-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont;.) .
Po I hUnt PracI!ss EIIi5Silll Factor ItItes Rm!rtnc.
£pi chlordlydr in £pidllDl'dlydrin prolb::hlll -
PI'llCl!SS W!II ts 0.00047 g/kg proc1Jced Controlled, not necesW/'iIy 22
I'!pl'l!5l!llutive of t!IIissilll rate
ft'118 any particulate facility.
Storilge filci Ii ties 0.15 g/kg pl'lWced Includes sissilllS ft'118 glycerin 22
8iII1Ufacture.
Fugitiv, 5111rce 0.62 g/kg pl"Oduced Villves, fIU8P5, SlYls, UllCllltrolled 22
Rl!sin, ,last- iII1d surfactant
pI"OIb:t illl, batcll processes u5ilg
epidllordlydtin as feedstock -
Pra:ess vBltS 0.50 g/kg praU:ed Not represenutiYf of sissim rates 22
at lilY pill'ticulilt facility
Storilge filci Ii t ies 0.47 g/kg Pl'IWced Includes transfer aper'ahlllS 22
Fugit i ve sources 7.10 g/kg prolb::ed I'u8p seals, valves, COIIprl!5501'5, 22
flanges
Ethyl- dibr'08id, IIIst, oil c_ustian 0.0311 - 0.053 Ib/IOOO gal llilstt oil burned 1
Ethylene dichloride [IX: product~QII, olychlarirwtion -.
ai r process
AbsartIer /stri pper 3.24 kg/1Ig ~ced t.m:antrolled 13
0.0658 kg/1Ig produced Ther8il1 oxidizer 13
0.250 kg/1Ig produced Caulytic Olidizl!!' 13
Hefri gerated condenser 2.40 kg/1Ig produced lkIcontrolled 13
0.1)48) kg/1Ig prociJced Ther8ii1 oxidizer 13
EDC productim, oxychlorinatim -
Oxygen process 0.402 kg/1Ig produced IJ1controlled 13
0.0092 kg/1Ig produced Th_1 OXld1Z1!!' 11
£DC produc ti 111, d irtCt
Chlorination W!IIt 1.08 kg/1Ig prcWced t.m:on trailed 13
0.0216 kg/1Ig produced Ther8il1 oxidi II!!' 11
O. 162 kg/1Ig produced R,frigerated CIIIBser 13
Cohan vents 3.00 kg/1Ig produced lkIcontrol led 11
0.0600 kg/1Ig pnxb:ed Ther8il1 olidizer 13
-29-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
Pullut..,t ~s Etussill1 Factor ItlIes RMerencI!
Ethyll!l1l! dichloride Storage YffIts - in process 0.0149 kg/llg produced li1controlled 13
(cll1tiooedl 0.0003 kg/llg prociJced ThI!l'8aI oxidizl!r 13
0.0022 k9/11g produced Rl!frigeratl!d condenwr 13
Staagt V81ts - Pl'IDIct o.om kg/llg prowced l)!controlled t3
0.0015 k9/11g produced Thl!l'8al oXidizer 13
0.0110 kg/llg prolkK:ed Rtfrigerated Cll1denser 13
Process fugi t i ves 0.265 kg/lle) prociJced li1controlled 13
0.106 kg/llg produced LNk corrtCtill1 13
Vinyl chloridt - production -
Heavy 81ds streaa 0.11 - 0.8 k9/11g Pr'IWced Ii1cll1trolled 13
0.0111 kglllcJ procb:ed Incil1l!ralor 13
llethyl chlorofor8 production -
IIydrochlorinator vent cll1dE!nstr 8.5 kg/llg produced 13
St- strippl!r \/\!fIt condenser 0.5 kg/llg Pr'IWced 13
Ethylene aaine prociJction 9.0'1 k9l.l19 produced 13
Trichl_thyl- production 5.0 kg/llg pl'lDlced 13
Perch 1000000thy!ene production -
CUoriution iI1d oxychlorinatim 5.0 k9/11g produced Controlled 13
!last!! hindling 0.021> k9/119 Pl'IDIced li1controlled 13
Secondary l!8issilll5 0.00021> kg/llg produced 13
Vinylident chlorldt productill1 5.7 k9/11g Pr'IWced Controlled 13
Ethyl chloriell! pnWction 9.45 kglllg Pr'IWced 13
I'Dlysul Hell! nJbbI!r production 33.8 kg/llg produced Controlled 13
list in leaded gasolinl! 0.14 19/1 produced 13
Blendin'l of gasolinl! I kg/llg blended 13
6aso1 ine tdl1k carl truck loading -
18,..al $trv ict 0.21>9 8!J/I trM1Sferred 13
Balance Strvice 0.1'12 119/1 transfl!rred 13
Lndtrgranl gasoline tank 0.211 8gil transferred 13
HIIi"9 (splash filllngi
-30-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
Pollutant Process ulsslan Factor IIGtes Rrierenc.
Etllylene dichloride Vehicle relutlilllJ -
(cant illled I
DispliCeEllt losSl!s 0.21 8'j1l transferred ()Jcantrolled 13
0.021 119/1 transferred Caitralled 13
Ethyll!l1l oxide EthylB\l! oxide produ::tian -
Air - oxidatian process:
F\I rge ibsortIer \ll!nt 0.0005 - 1.0 g/kg ()Jcan trolled 26
0.04 g/kg Th_1 oxidatian, BOX recklctian 26
Stripper vent <0.7 g/kg ()Jcan trolled 26
StoragelHandl illlJ 2.6 'I' kg ()Jcantrolled 26
Pracf55 fugi ti ves 1111 kg/day ()Jcantrolled 26
42 - IlS kg/day II" progr.- 26
Oxygen - oxidat ian procl!5S:
llain process pU'!f vent 0.001 - 0.002 g/kg ()Jcan trolled 26
c.rilan dioxide desoriler vent 0.00006 - 0.7S g/kg ()Jcantrolled 26
0.06 g/kg C~W fIasher/vent candenser 26
Stripper vent <0.1 g/kg ()Jcantrolled 26
<0.002 g/kg Various reabsorilerslinclnerators/ 26
IIiIWr 5Crubbe~/vent absorile~
StoragelHandl iOlJ 2.6 g/kg ()Jcantralled 26
Pracf55 fugi ti - 148 'II kg liK:an trolled 26
S2 - 91 glkg I'" prograll 26
Cooling toooer 0.07 g/kg lkIcontralled 26
0.u14 g/kg Increased stripper colU81 26
effectiveness
Fcr8illdehyde Formaldehyde produ::hon -
Sil ver catalyst process
Almrber 0.38 k'j/"'J of 371 solution PrcWced ()Jcon trailed 12
0.0076 k'j/llg of 371 solution produced Ther8a1 oxidation 12
0.070 kg/llg of 37% solutian produced Flare 12
-31-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.) .
PIIlhtMIt Pnx:ess U15SICIII FiCtor l*ltes Referenc.
FOI'IMIdehyde Praluct frachmator 0.33 kg/PIg of 37Z SOIulIIll pl"Odw:ed lh:ootrolled 12
o Recyc I. to ibsorber 12
0.017 kg/PI! of m solutiCIII produced liatl!l" scrtjJber 12
St.-I up .Blt 0.10 kg/PIg of :m solutilll prockJced lk1cllltrolled 12
Fo~ldeh~. storage 0.03 kg/PIg of 371 solutilll pl"Oduced lh:ootrolled 12
0.003 kg/1Ig of 371 solutioo pl"Oduced Vent scnilber 12
0.0006 kg/119 of 371 solutilll produced ThI!l'MI oXltWhlll 12
Hard ling 0.01 kgl"" of 371 solutioo produced lk1cootrolled 12
0.0004 kg/119 of m solutilll produced VifIOI' rKOYery 12
Process fugi ti.es 0.70 *g/119 of 371 solution procklced lk1cCllltrolled 12
0.003 - 0.30 kg/1Ig of m solution Inspectioo/lMintenillCI 12
produced
Fonuldehyde praluction - 8I!tal
oxide catil~t proe.ss
t1I50rbl!r 0.47 kg/"" of m solutilll produced lk1controlled 12
0.009 kg/PIg of m solutim produced ThI!I'MI on cia hon 12
Fo_ldehydl! storage 0.03 kg/"" of m solutim pl'Olilced lk1controlled 12
0.003 kg/PIg of m solutim produced Vent scrubber 12
Hard ling 0:01 kglllg of m solution procklced lk1cm trolled 12
0.0004 kg/"" of m 5OIution procklced Vapor rKOYI!I"Y 12
PrOCI!S5 fugi ti.e 0.47 kglllg of 37i solution procklced lk1cllltro11ed 12
0.0'1'1 - 0.13 kg/"" of m soluhm Inspec timllMlntl!llillCl! 12
produced
lrea - for8aldehyde, 8I!1a8ine
icnIildehyde I'I!Sln productim
Pra:1!55 0.15-1.5 kg/II') of m foraaldehyde used 12
Fol'8a Idehyde storagl 0.OH.2 19/1Ig of m forlMldehydl! used 12
Fug i ti VI! 0.OH.2 kg/II') of m foraaldehydl! used 12
f'henol-fOl'8aldehyde min
proOictim -
Pra: I!5S 0.15-1.5 kg/1Ig of m foraaldehyde used 12
FOI'8a Idehyde stll"agl! 0.03-0.2 kg/119 of m fOl'8ildehyde used 12
Fugi tive 0.03~.2 kg/1Ig of m fOl'8ildehyde used 12
-32-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cant.) .
PoUltMlt I'roce5s EIlsslm FiCtar ltltes Referencl!
Fcna Idthyde I'DIYiCetal resm pnxluctlm -
fcmtil1Ul!dl
PI'tXI!5S 0.09-0.37 kq/llg of m IlIIWldl!hydl! used 12
FDf'8i 1dl!hydl! staragl! 0.02-0.03 Ig'lI9 of m fol'lWldl!hydl! used 12
Fugi ti ve 0.02-0.36 Ig/lIg of 371 fortWldl!hydl! used 12
telil8l!thylBll!htra8inl! productim -
PI'IXI!SS <0.39 kg'lI9 of 371 fOl'lWldehydl! used 12
FDf'8i Idehydl! storagl! 0.05 Ig'lI9 of 371 fol'lildi!hydl! used 12
Fugitiye 0.11 Ig/lIg 01 m lOI"8aldllhydl! used 12
Pl!ntarrythri 101 productim -
Process 1.3-2.1 kgl"'.! 01 371 IlIIWldl!hydl! used 12
FDf'8i 1dehydl! storigl! O. 002-{). 33 kg/"'.! of 311 fDf'8i1d1!11yd1! 12
\lsed
Flgi ti VI! 0.14-0.15 kg/llg of 371 IlIIWldi!hydl! 12
used
I, Huhnlldiol productim -
Pl"OCess <0.74 IgllI9 of 371 fOl'lWld1!11yd1! used 12
FDf'8i Idehydl! storigl! 0.005-0.2 kg'lI9 ot 371 fortWldl!hydl! 12
used
Figi ti VI! 0.005-0.2 Ig/lIg of m 10000ldehydl! 12
used
Tri_thylolpropane production -
Process 0.074 kg/ll9 01 371 fOl'lWldehydl! used 12
FONIi Idehydl! storagl! 0.01 Ig/"'.! 01 m 101'lWldllhydl! used 12
Fugl ti ve 0.01 kg/llg of 371 faru Idl!hydl! ust!d 12
f'hthdic inhydrlde pl'Oductim - 2. 1 19/"q pl'Oduct!d lkIcmtrol1t!d 12
0.v74 kg/llg produclld DIrect Incineratlm 12
Sol id urea produc tam -
Fluidizt!d bed pril ling 0.095 kg/llg product!d lkIcmtrollt!d 12
(agricul tural gradel 0.0004 191119 product!d Controllt!d 12
n". granulatim 0.0055 kg/llg prolilct!d lkIcmtrollt!d 12
0.0027 Ig/lIg product!d Contl'Ollt!d 12
-33-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
PDlluUnt Process Eaissian Factor Notes Referwncl
FOI'IIildellyde StdilJWry intemd colbustion
engines -
&as turiI ines 4.0 IIIJ/J heat input 12
&as hl'ld reupnxatlng engines 5.7 nglJ heat input 12
Process hNters 1.9 ng/J heat Input 12
~tC800lles -
Cahl yst 0.05 - 0.83 g/gallan 12
llaH:ahl yst 0.83 9/gallon 12
Diesel 0.33 g/gallan 12
Pl!troleua refining -
Catalytic cracking 1.0 - 2.2 kg/lOOO IIbI feed 12
Cohng 0.54 kg/lOOO bill feed 12
Integrated c ircui t board 0.50 tm/lOO,OOO 59 ft procilct 4
llanufac ture
IDt .ix asphalt plants 0.00015 Ib/ton i~halt 3
Wood cD8bust ion -
Couerciall inliJstr ial 0.48 Ib/ton 3
Residential oxIstoves 0.46 - 0.48 Ib/ton 2, 3
Rr.;ldential fireplaces 3.0 Ib/tan 3
Bi tu8inll1S coal cOllbustian -
Residential 0.0024 lb/tan bumed 2
Uti Ii ty bell II!!" - pul verued 59.3 pg/J heat Input I\Ilticyclane or scnJtlber 7
dry bottol
Utility boi IeI' - pul verized 35.3 pglJ heat Input ItJI ticyclane or scnbber 7
oet bottol
Utility bOiler - cyclone 56.8 pglJ hea t input 1\11 ticyc lane 7
Utility boiler - stolcer 37. 4 pgl J hea t Input l\llticyclone
Ut i Ii ty boi ler - 5 toker 60.2 pg/J hNt input Uncontrolled
Coal cD8bustion 0.03 Ib/ton Uncantrolled 2
0.002 Ib/tan ESP 2
-34-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont;.) .
PDu.tM1t Process Eaissilll Fietor' ItJtes III!ferSlce
Forllilldehydl! Oil cD8bustilJl, c~iall 0.0:13 Ib/lOOO gal la:llltrolled 2
(continued) industrial
Gisolilll! vipOl'5 Vehicle fueling 5.0 g/galllll la:1JI trolled
l)Ider
-------
SECTION 2 (Cant.) .
PIIlhbnt Process E8isSUIl FKtor Notes Reffi'etc~
Lead ICDlltinuedl I ndustrid 1IIIIIer -
tlNl - pulwrized 161 fl'j/J heat input ESP
a.a pg/J hut Input "'I tlcyclm~
121 pgl J hNt input 5cnlllber
121 pgl J heat Input l"=mtrolled
OIal - stoker 282 pg/J hut input "'Iticyclm~, also ~relal bailers
4.1 pg/J heat input ()!cmtrolled
Oi I - tal!BItiil aid IIaII 20.4 fl'j/J heat input 5cnilller, al so C08l!l'C lal bail~ 7
4.1 pg/J heat Input ()!cmtrolled, also c_reial bailers 7
le51dl!ltial bai lers -
All 359 pg/J heat input Bi tU8inlllS coal 7
All 205 pg/J hut input An tIIrac i te coal 7
All 17.2 pgl J heat input Ligni te coal 7
All 9.5 pg/J heat input Disti lIate oil 7
Gray iron foundries -
Capo la 0.1 - 1.1 Ib/tat produced IiK:mtrolled 26
Reverberatory furnace 0.012 - 0.14 Ib/tm prcDIced IiK:mtrolled 26
Electric induchat 0.009 - 0.1 Ib/tm pnxluced IiK:mtrolled 26
IIa1ganese ~.rged-.1rc electric furnaces
proWcing fer~nese and
si lic~ese -
Ferl'D8allgaJll!5e, "81 furnace 13.2 Ib/too pnxluct ()!cm trolled 25
Ferl'08aOganese, 5eIIlsealed 5.2 Ib/tm pnxluct ()!cmtrolled 25
FerrONl9anese, sealed 19.2 Ib/too product IiK:mtrolled 25
Si I iCD8al1CJalr.;c! 46.4 Ib/tm product IiK:llltrolled 25
Ferra8M!Cjanese, "81 furnace 0.4 Ib/tm product Sc robber 25
Ferl'08allganese, 5eIIlsealed 0.08 Ib/tm product Scrubber 25
FelTll8mganese, sealed 0.008 Ib/llllr 5cndlbff 25
Si 1 iCC8IMJganese, "en furnace 0.11 Ib/lllhr 5cNlber 25
Si licolanganese, sl!8isealed O.OJ2 Ib/tm proci1ct ScI'Ubbft' :?5
Si1icl8mlJanese, sealed 0.002 Ib/llll1r 5cnilller 25
Synthetic aanqane5e production -
Drying and grinding 8.9 Ib/tlll Eterlal processed IiK:mtrolled 25
0.00'/ Ib/ton processed FabrIc filter 25
-36-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont~)
PolIuWit Process E8ission Factor Nates ~ermce
fIan9inese (con t illll!dl Synthetic 801IIgMESe pnxiICtilll -
RDastill9 110 lb/ton processed lkIcontrolIed 25
0.22 Ib/ton processed Fabric fJ iter 25
Pid ag ing/haldlill9 5.4 Ib/tlll proct!Ssed IkIcllltrol1ed 25
0.0054 Ib/ton processed Fabric filter 25
trill bhst furnaces -
Slips 0.261 Ib/sl ip 25
Cas thll.l5e 0.0018 Ib/ton iron 25
Sintering 0.134 Ibltlll sinter IkIcllltrolled 25
0.002 Ib/tlll sinter Dry ESP 25
0.0192 Ib/ton sinter lilt ESP 2S
0.0<&' Ib/ton sinter ScNbber 25
0.012 Ib/ton sinter Cyclcrw 25
Sin ter d i schV'ge 0.08 Ib/ton sinter IiIcllltrolled 25
0.0012 Ib/ton sinter Fabric filter 25
MindJox and dischV'gl! 0.00310 Ib/ton sinter Fabric filter 25
~I!O hl!irth furnaces -
~lt ing/ref inlng 0.018 Ib/ton pig iron IiIcon trolled 25
0.001 Ib/tlll ESP 25
T_ing 0.00026 Ib/ton li1controlled 25
Basic Dxygen furnace -
llel ti I\C)/ rehn ing 0.288 Ib/tlll stl!l!l IiIcllltrolled 25
0.013 Ib/tlll stl!l!l ESP 25,
O.C)1)9 Ib/ton ~tI!I!l ScNbber 25
OI.rg ing 0.006 Ib/tlll stl!l!l Ii1cllltrolled, at source 25
Tapping 0.1)()92 Ib/ton stl!l!l IiIcllltrolled. .t ~ce 25
Hot Eta! transfer 0.0004 Ib/ton IiICllltrolled, at sllJrCe 25
Chealical lIdIIufactu~ -
1ft drying/grinding 8.9 Ib/tlll uterial processed IiIcllltrolled 25
0.009 Ib/tm uteri.1 p/'DCl!5sed Fabric filter 25
-37-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PolluUnt Precess f8is5illl Factor IIDtes Ref~e
~ (cOIItilU!dl OIMical U1Uficture -
lie l'OiSt in9 110 lb/tlll lNOIItrolled 25
0.22 Ib/ton F ibnc fi Iter 25
Electric ire furnaces -
lieU/refine ciI'IIaI steel 1.33 Ib/ton product lNllltrolled 25
Oiirg in" tapping. Sli99ill9 0.049 Ib/tlll lkIc:llltrolled, at roof 80IIi tor 25
Iron fwndries -
CIpo la 0.25 Ib/tIII iron t.ncllltrolled 25
0.003 Ib/tlll iron Fibrlc filter 25
0.075 Ib/ton iron IIpingt8lllt scnJbber 25
Electric ire furnace 0.95 Ib/ton iron lkIc:llltrollld 25
0.0015 Ib/too irlll F ibrlc fi Iter 25
(nductllll furnace 0.0225 Ib/too iran lNllltrollld 25
Steel foundries -
Electric arc f
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
PollutMIt Process E8isslon Factor Notes Refen!llCe
Ilangil1l!Sl! (COOtillledJ CaMerclalllnshtutiond boilers -
Sider III P'J/J heat input tb:ontrolled, bitU8lnwS coal 25
All 6.5 pg/J heat input Residlwl all 25
All 0.10 pg/J heat Input Distillate all 25
~idmlid boilers -
All 2150 pgl J hea I input l)!controlled, bitU8inws coal 25
All 60.2 pgl J heat Input !)!controlled, anthracite coal 25
All 430 1'9/ J heat input !)!controlled, ligni te coal 25
All 0.6 pglJ heat input l)!controlled, di sti lIate oil 25
IIcod c08bust ion, residmtial 1.0 Ib/ton bumed J
CeEnt plil'lts -
Dry process, kiln 122 Ib/lOOO ton Cl!8ellt produced l)!controlled 25
0.021-0.125 IbllOOO ton Ce8l!llt produced ESP 2S
0.013-<1.124 IbllOOO ton Ce8l!llt produced Fabric filter 25
Dryer/grinder 48 IbllOOO ton Cl!8ellt produced !)!controlled '25
Wet process, hln 114 Ib/IOCoO ton CeEnt produced tb:ontrolled 25
0.02-<1..!42 IbllOOO too cell!l1t produced ESP 25
0.049-<1.132 IbllOOO ton CMt produced Fabric filter 25
Dryer/grinder 110 IbllOOO tons c--.t produced !)!con trolled 25
CI inker cooler O.I)O~.OOI IbllOOO ton Ce8I!IIt produced Fabric filter 25
0.023-0.045 IbllOOO ton Cl!IIfI1t produced 6rave I bed 2S
0.022 Ib/lOOO ton ceeent proc1Jced llet scnilber 2S
l\inicipal refuse inCinerators 0.05 Iblton !liste Incinerated l)1controlled 2S
0.01 Ib/ton -aste inciner'ated ESP 25
Sellige sludge inc inerator, 0.004 Ib/ton Miste 1f1Clnerated llet scrubber 2S
OIJltiple hearth
Sto8ge sludge inclneralor. 0.000b Ib/ton ...ste Incinerated llet scrubber 2S
fluidized bed
Wasle oil cOllbustion 0.0075 - 0.14 Ib/lOOO gal 3
-39-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.)
Pollubnt PI'DCI!SS EaissilJl FiCtor ItItes Rlrierence
llercury "inlll9 0.01 lb/ton ore lined B
PrIlUry ore processilllJ -
S8e1 ter 0.031 Ib/tlll ore processed Ii1con trolled 8
IiJe in'J 0.02 Ib/ton ore processed li1controlled 8
~tort 0.002 Ib/tlll ore processed Ii1controlled 8
SeconcUry product ion 40 Ib/ton lI!I'Cury processed Ii1controlled 8
Electrolytic chlorine prociJCtllll, 0.002-0.01 Ib/ton 0-1 chlorine produced Ii1controlled 8
hydrogen streal
Cod COIbustion 0.~8'- 0.82 lb/l000 tons 8
Oil cDliJustion O.ooooc.e - 0.002 Ib/lOOO ~1 8
Ibicipd IIolste IRCII1I!ratcrs 0.002 lb/tlll 2
SeNgi! sludge inc ine...tors 14 - 18 Ib/lOOO tillS
!laste oil COlbUStlOO 1.68 - 3.04 Ib/looo gal 3
/\ethylene chlcride Vapor degreislng 0.56 kg/kg It: conSUled Use 0-1 It: divided equally betwen 21
OfIE!II top MId conveycrlZed degreaslng
processes.
Photoresist strippIII9 0.57 kg/kg 01 lresh solvent 21
Integrated circuit board
IliflUfacturer -
Str ipper 1.92 ton/l00, 000 sq It of produc t 4
Nickel Priliry SEII1I19 oi nickel ore - FiCtors expressed as total nickel.
Rotary dryers 0.1)42-<1.56 Ib/ton of nickel produced Cyclone/scrubber 10
Crusher house 0.012-<1.092 lb/ton of nickel produced Fabric filter 10
Diy bin O.IJOO65-().OOI9 lb/too of nickel Fabric filter 10
produced
C.lcll1e1"5 0.40 Ib/ton of nickel produced ESP 10
510p hoists O.027-<1.Ob7 Ib/ton of nickel produced Fibrlc fi Iter 10
In! leiter/roaster cOllbinatll1l O.Q54-().092 Ib/ton oi nickel produced Fabric fi Iter 10
-40-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cant..>
FlllluUnt ProcI!SS UISSiCil F«tor ItJtes Reference
Nickel (contilllecll PrI8iry S8!1 till'J of nickel ore -
Ref ini,., fumace 0.013 Ib/ton of nickel pnx*lced FabrIc filter 10
cp81 he.,.th furNte -
Rei. t furnace 0,0011 Ib/ton of stetl pnDiced ESP 10
0.009S Ib/ton of steel produced ~ontrolled 10
Battery IaI1Ufacturing 8.8 Ib/ton of mckel processed 10
ItJnferrous eehls production
SOIrees -
NIckel -t:0fIPtr', c~per-1Iictel 2 Ib/ton of n ictel charged FabrIc filter 10
Super alloys 2 Ib/tm of nickel charged Fabric filter 10
I'er8.Jmnt 8ignet alloys 2 Ib/tm of nictel charcjl!d Fabric fil ur 10
Electrical alloY5 2 Ib/tm of nickel chargtd Fabric Ii Iter 10
Other nmferrcus a lIoY5 2 Ib/tCil of nictel charged FabrIc fIlter 10
Dil c08bustion -
DOIIestic crude 20-500 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal oil 10
Forei~ cl'll1e 200 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal oil 10
ResilkJa I 16 83 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal oil 10
ResIdual .5 b4 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal oil 10
Resl~al 14 48 Ib/l,OOO,OOO gal oil 10
Residual 113-1056 pg/J Cnlctel Hltted per unIt 10
of heat energy In fuel)
Residual 57-63 pg/J (nickel Hitled per unit Controlled; ESP or scrubber 10
of heat I!nergy In fuel)
Disti llate .2 0.38-1>.41 Ibll,OOO,OOO gal 011 10
Di st 11 late .2 2'10 pg/J (nickel Hitted per unit of 10
hea t I!nergy In fue I)
Di st Illate .2 1.1-440 pglJ Inlckel HI ttecl per uni t 10
of heat energy in fueJl
-41-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cant..) .
Pallutint Pra:ess faissloo Factor Not" bference
Nickel (coohnuedl Coil cDlbustilll - Factors e>q>ressed as total OIckel
l!lIitted per unit per I!IIt!I"9Y in fuel.
Stoker, anthracite coal 135 - 470 pg/J heat mput lft:ontrolled; 8I!asured 10
2~ pgl J hea t input 11:; calculated 10
Pulverized, anthracite coal :so pg/J heat input ESP; calculated 10
Pulverized, bi tuainous coal 130 - 2900 pgl J heat input liIcontrolled; calculated 10
1045 P3 pgl J hea t il'f'ut 11:; 8I!isured 10
8.3 - 13 pg/J heat Input ESP; calculated 10
<1>8 pgI J heat Input ESP; 8l!asured 10
161 pgl J heat input 115; calculated 10 .
Cyclooe, lignite coal 4.5 pgl J heat input ESP; calculated 10
{47 pg/J heat Input ESP; .asured 10
87 pgl J hea t Input 115; calculated 10
221 - 320 pgl J heat mput 11:; calculated 10
Shier, I i gOi te coal 276 pgl J heat Input 11:; leisured 10
(38 pgl J heat Il'f'ut ESP; Easured 10
IDJd cDllllushoo 2 - 65 pglJ heat input 10
-42-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Po II uUnt PI"OCI!5S Elissioo Factor It3tes Reference
hcml (CDlltil1ledI Fresh IIdter uti i ty CDO II ng Factors expressed fi III!I9ht of
taler - pollutant per ~I energy Input to
poIII!r plint associated With the
coollll9 tOlll!f'.
Drift loss r~ of 0.1 to 0.21 Ib pg/J heat input 10
Drift loss r~ of 0.002 to 0.34 pgl J heat input 10
O. 0Cli1
/\ajar Cl!8I!nt plant SlJJrces - Factors expressed as total nickel
and in tt!1'8S of a8CU1t of raw laterlal
feed input.
Dry c.-nt process
Kiln 0.3 IbilOOO tcm Fabric filter 10
Feed to ini hi! grinding lill 0.01 Ibllooo tons Fabric filter 10
Ai r separitor ifter initial 0.001 lbllOOO tons Fabric filter 10
grinding Ii II
Ra. wteriaJ grindill9 Ii 115 0.000b Ib/iooo tms Fabric filter 10
Feed to finish grinding Ii II 0.01 Ib/looo tons Fabric fi Iter 10
Ai r separator dter fini sh 0.000 Ib/looo tons Fabric fl I ter 10
gr inding liII
let Cl!II!I1t process
Kiln 0.2 to 2 Ib/lOOO tcm ESf' 10
Clinker cooler 0.004 Ib/lOOO tooS F abr ic fi Iter 10
O. t lb/lOOO tooS ESP 10
0.2 lb/lOOO tooS Two fabric fi 1 ters in parallel 10
Finistllng grmding Ii II ilter 0.')04 Ib/tOOO tons Fabric h Iter 10
air o;eparator
'tllllcipal refuse lnemer-itors - Factors expressed is total ell!ll!l1tal
nickel.
Refuse ooly 0.003 Ib/too of solid waste IletscnJbber 10
incinerated
Rtfuse and sludge 0.005 Ib/ton of solid waste llet SCNlber 10
inc ineri ted
-43-
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.) .
Pollutillt Procl!SS EIIissiCl1 Factor NotI!S ~e
Nickel (CCl1tilllll!d) SeNge sludge irw;inerators -
Ptlltiple heirth 0.003 Ib/tCl1 of solid IliSte IIftscnilber 10
Irw;merated
Fluidized bed 0.0003 lb/tCl1 01 solid IIo15te IIftscnilber 10
inc merated
lJIcontrolled IUltip le-f1earth 0.15 Ib/tcn 01 solid Maste 11ft scrubber 10
01" fluidized-btd lI\it inc inera ted
SecCl1dary pnxessil19 of Factors apply to indlVldUilI Elting
nicktl-!Jearing scrap - furnaces
Suinless steel 10 Ib/tCl1 of nickel cNrged Controlled 10
0.0 Ib/tlJ1 of steel proOOced Controlled 10
Nickel alloy steels 10 Ib/ton of nickel cNrged Controlled 10
Iron dI'Id steel scrap 0.0015 Ib/tcn of Iron and steel Controlled 10
produced
Oltl!r nickel alloys 2 Ib/tcn of nickel ch~ Controlled 10
Copper base all oys 2 Ibltoo 01 nickel charged Controlled 10
Electrical alloys 2 lb/tCl1 of nickel charged Controlled 10
Cast Iron 21) Ib/ton of nickel charged lk1ccntrolled 10
Steel IIoIIIUfacturin!j (4)erdicns - Factors exprl!Ssed as total nickel.
~en hearth furnace 0.00018 Ib/ton of steel produced ESP 10
~en hearth fugi ti ve e8ISSlonS 0.00005 Ib/ton of steel produced Utcmtrolled 10
Basic olY'jen protl!SS furnace 0.000018 IbltCl1 of steel produced Scrubber 10
Basic oxygen process fugl tives OJJOOI lb/tlJ1 of stee I produced Utcmtrolled 10
Electric arc furnace (carbon 0.0(83 Ib/tan of steel produced lk1cm trolled 10
stee II 0.000013 - 1i.1iOOC64 lb/ton of steel Fabric filter 10
procb:ed
Electric arc furnace (aHoy 0.025 Ib/tCl1 of steel produced lk1controlled 10
steel I 0.000039 - 0.00025 Ib/too of steel Fabric filter 10
produced
-44-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont!)
PIIlhbnt ~s EIISSIIII Factor ltltes Referencl!
IitkeJ ItDntill1!d) Steel Uluhtturing ~eratims -
Eleetrit arc forma! fugi tive 0.00054 Ib/ton of steel prodUted l)!tontrDlled IU
missiom; Icrim steIPll 0.00011 Ib/tm Df steIPl produced Hoods and tabrit Ii Iter 10
Eleetrit arc fumate fogi ti ve 0.0016 Ib/tm Df stl!l!l produced l)!tllltrolled 10
(alloy sb!ell 0.00032 Ib/ton Df steIPl proc!ul:ed Hoods .nd fabrlt hi ter 10
Elee trit arc tumate 0.3 Ib/tm Df steel pnxilted l)!tllltrolled 10
Istainll!Ss 5 tel! 11 0.003 Ib/tlll Df steel pnxilted Fabrit fi Iter 10
Eleetrit arc fumate fugi tive 0.036 Ib/tlll of steel produc:ed l)!cllltrolled 10
Missions IstalOll!Ss steell 0.0072 Ib/ton Df steel proc!ul:ed Hoods .nd fabrlt Ii Iter 10
Argon oxygen deearburlZatim 0.32 Ib/ton Dt stelPl produced l)!tllltrolled 10
vessel Istainll!SS steell 0.064 Ib/too of stl!l!l Pl'IWced Fabrlt til ter 10
Coke DVens 0.0016 Ib/tc:'l Df toal produted l)!controlled 10
Asbestos lining 0.000018 Ib/tm Controlled 10
Oil ccnbustion -
t
U.s. crude oils 0.01 - 0.5 Ib/lOOO 9al 1.4 - b4 ppl nlctel content B
llIpO'ted cNde Di Is, avera
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PtllhUnt P~s E8issiCII FiCtor /tItes Reference
Mickel (contiroedl Co.l C08bustion - utility boilers -
Pul V!!tlZed dry 1101 D, 30.1 p9/ J ESP
bitU8lnOUS coal 22. I ffll J Scrubber
130 pg/J lk1controlled
Pul verued .t bottaa, 24.3 pg/J ESP
bi tu8UIOIIS coill
CrclClle, bi tu8inl1ls COiIl 20 pg/ J E9'
130 pg/J lk1cootrolled
Slacer, bitU8inous coal 2'1.2 p9/J /til ticyclones
Pulverized, i/llhriCi te coal 30.1 pg/J ESP
SloIi:er, i/lthraci te coal 2~. 2 pg/J /ti1 ticyclClleS
Pulverized dry bottaa, lignite 13.2 pg/J ESP
coal
Ptlverlzed II!t boltoe, ii,-.ite 2.0 pg/J ESP
COil I
Cyclooe, lignite coal 4.5 pg/J ESP
320 pg/J /til ticyc lones .
Stacer, hgni Ie coill 2'1.2 p9/J /ti I ticyc Ionr.;
Oil cl8bustion - uti Ii ty boilers -
r...gential, resililal oil 57.2 pglJ ESP
2S7 pg/J lk1cootrolled
W.U, residual 011 57.2 pglJ ESP 7
287 pg/ J lk1cootrolled 7
Co.1 cD8bustion - in~str ia I
bcnlers -
Pulverized, coal 3~.O pglJ heat il"fut IkllticyclClles
26.0 pgl J heat IAput Scrubber
Stacer, COil I 2~. 2 pglJ heat il"fut /tilt icyclOlllS
68.4 pg/J hINt Input lk1controlled
-46-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Pollut.at Pruces5 &IS5Ion Factor illite RI!fere1ce
Nictel (continued) Oil cDilbustion - Industrial
boilers -
TillgenhaJ, 01'1 b2.8 pglJ heilt i'1'ut Scrubber 7
31.4 pg/J he.it input U1controlled 7
Will, oil b2.8 pg/J he.it i'1'ut Scrubber 7
31.4 pg/J heat input U1controlled 7
Coal cDIIbustion - CI8er'C ial
boilers -
Stder, coal b8.4 pg/ J heilt i'1'ut U1controlled 7
Oil cOlllJustion - C08IEI"[ lal
boilers -
TII19B1tial, resitiJaJ oi I 804 pg/J heat Input Lm:ontrolled 7
Tangential, disti lIate oil 112 pgl J heat if1'Ut Ib:ontrolled 7
"'11, residual oil 804 pg/J heat input U1controlled
110111, disti lIate all 112 pg/J heat Input Lm:ontrol led
..
Coal c08bustim - r'l!sidl!ntial
boi lers -
All furnaces, bi tullil1Cll5 coal 71.8' pg/ J heat i'1'ut U1control led 7
All furnaces, anthraci tI! coal b6.2 pgl J heat input l)Jcontrolled 7
All furnaces, lignite coal 17.2 pg/J heilt i'1'ut l)Jcontrol led 7
Oi I cOlllJustion - rl!'iidl!lltial
boi lers -
AI I fumacl!5, dlsti lIate oil 103 pg/J heat Input I)!control led 7
PerchlDl"Ol!thy lene Clothes cleaning -
(PCEI
CollH3pI!ra ted 15.7 kg f'C£/IOO kg clothes cleaned 18
u-rcial 9.5 k9 PCE/loo kg clothes cleaned 18
IntiJstnal 10.4 19 Fa/IOO kg clothes cleaned 18
FeE proQ.ictJm 0.002 Ib/lb Fa produced b
Storage iI1d hand I In! 2.3 Ib/lOOO gal
~r'I!as in! -
Open tq> vif'Or degl'l!aslI19 0.78 tg/tg f'CE cm5U8l!d 18
-47-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont_o)
Pallium Process EliSSll1l FKtor ltltes ReferenCI!
PerdllDI'O'Oethy 1!!IIe Dl!sreasln! -
(continued)
Clllveycrized cte,reasm, 0.85 kg/kg FeE CIII5U8I!d 18
llei9lte4 iwragl! (use of f'CE 0.72 kgl kg PeE CIIII5U8H 18
di vided equall Y betNeen open
tcJp mI convf}'Ori zed degltislIIg)
Acccmting for recycled solvent 0.92 kg/kg fresll f'CE used in degreasing 18
Phenol Caprolact.. prllb:t ion 0.00144 Ibllb phenol used 3
Phtro I - fcnaldellydl! res in
pnxilction -
Process 0.00035 lbllb used 3
Storige 0.00002 Ib/lb used 3
Fu
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PaIM...t Proces! E8lssion Factor ~tes Reference
f'hosgBIe (continued) Herbicide iI1d pesticide plant
using pf1osgene produced (II si Ie -
Phosgene prodUl: lion 2.~34.8 Ib/l,OOO,OOO lb phosljl!l1e produced 23
Herbicide and pesticide 0.55-6.4 Ib/l,OOO,OOO Ib phosgene ProOOced 23
praduc tion
Polychlorinated lias Ie oi I cOlbustim 0.0075 Ib/gal llaste oil burned 3
biphenyl s
Polycyclic orgaIic Cod cDlbustim 0.000076 Ib/tll1 burnH I)!controlled 2
!lat let 0.000007 Ib/tm burned I\1lticyclll1e 2
0.00004 Ib/ton burned ESP 2
0.14 Ib/tan bumed Residential; bituainaus coal 2
Oi I cDlbustill1 - cOl8l!l'Cial 0.000175 Ib/lOOO gal I)!controlled 2
and industri al
Ctlircoal lanufacturing 0.007 Ib/tm 2
Coke production 0.01 Ib/ton coj(~ 2
1nc iner-dim of scrip IDOd -
Illdlstrial boilers iI.002 g/kg 2
Aesidentiil boilers 0.27 g/kg 2
ltiniclpal llast. incinerators (0.001 Ib/tm 2
Wood cD8bustiDII - resldenhal -
Mmdstoves 0.54 Ib/tm 2
0.55 Ib/tm 3
Fi~phces 0.058 Ib/tll1 2
Ibt-.ix asphalt plants 0.000026 Ib/tll1 3
ibid cDlbushm - co..en:lal, 0.004 Ibltll1 3
industrial
Coil cOlbushm - utility bOilers -
Pulverized dry botto., 1.0 pg/J heat input ESP
bi W8IOOUS coal 1.2 pgl J heat Input 1\11 ticycImes
Pulverized III!t botto., 1.0 pg/J heat Input ESP
bi tuainous coal 1.0 pg/J heat Input 1\11 hcyclmes
-49-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PDllut.1t Pnx.l!5! E8lssian Factor Notes R~erence
PIIlyeyelic orga.lIc Coil c08bushan - utility bOilers -
latter Icmtill.ledl
Cye Ime, bi tu8illOls coil 1.0 P91 J heat Input ESP
Stoker, bl tuaillOlS coal 1.2 pg/J heat Input ...1 hcyelml!5
Stoker, anthraci t@ coal 1.2 P9/J heat Input ...1 ticyclanes
PuIVl!rized dry batt.., liCjllite 1.1 pg/J heat Input ESP
coal
~lverized III!t bottoa, li'J1i te 0.09 p!jl J heat Hl'ut ESP
coal
Cyclone, ligni te coal 1.1 pg/J heat input ESP 7
1.1 pgl J heat input ...It icye II111!5 7
Sleier, lignite coal 1.1 pgl J heat input ...It icyc ll111!5 7
Oil c08bustim - utility boilers -
Tangential, I'I!5l1lential oil 0.04 P!j1J heat input ESP 7
0.09 pgl J heat Input l)Jccntrolled 7
Will, resid~1 oil 0.04 pglJ heat input ESP
0.0'1 pgl J heat input l)Jccntrolled
Coil c08bustim - Industrul
boilers -
Plllverized, coal 9.5 pg/J heat input ...1 ticyc Imes 7
Stoker, coal 13.2 pgl J heat Input ...It i cye 111115
31.0 p!j/J heat input lkIccntrolled
Oil cG8busticn - industrial
boilers -
TingB'lhal, 011 0.5 pgl J heat Input Uncontrolled
llall, oil 0.8 pglJ heal Input lkIcllltrolled
Coal coabust Ial - COllier( iil
boi lers -
Pul Vl!I'ized, coal 19.1 P9/J heat input lkIcmtrolled
Stoker, coal 45.2 pgl J heit input lkIcmtrolled
-50-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Pollutant Process E8lsslan Factor Notes Rl!ference
Polycyclic organic Dil cClllbustian - c08IErclal
Nt tI!r (cootillJl!dl boilers -
ToWIgential, resililal all 44.0 pglJ heat II"fUt U1controlled 7
Mall, resililal oi I 4-4.0 pg/J heat Input lk1control led 7
Tangential, distillate oil . 20.0 pglJ heat Il"fut lk1control led
Mall, distillate oil 30.0 pgl J heat Input lk1control led
Coal cOllbustion - residential
boilers -
All fUrTlaces, bituqinals cod 1 m. pglJ heat Il"fut lkIcontrolled 7
All furnaces, anthracl te coal 1032 pgl J heat input U1cmtrol led 7
AU furnaces, li'JIih coal 3600 pgl J heat II"fUt lk1controlled 7
Di I cOllbustim - residential
boilers -
All furnaces, distillate oil 10.3 po/J heat Il"fut lk1control led
SeIBliUl Util i ty boilers -
PulYl!l'ized dry bottOl 13.0 pgl J heat il"fut ScNbber, bl tU8inous coal 7
Pulwrized III!t bottC18 . 16.3 pgl J heat input ESP, bitU8ioous coal 7
161 pg/J heat input 11:, bi tU8inous coal 7
10.5 pg/J heat input Scrobber, bitU8I00uS coal 7
CycJme 1.4 pg/J heat input Scndlber, bitU8inous coal 7
Stoker :>3.0 pg/J heat input 11:, bi tU8inous coal
Pulverized 36. t pgl J heat il"fut ESP, anthraCite coal 7
Stoker 0.01 pg/J heat Input 11:, anthracite coal
Pulverized dry bottol 36.1 pglJ heat Il"fut 1«:, ligni te coal
5.7 P9/ J heat Input Scrubber, lignl te coal
18.1 pg/J heat Il"fut tilcan trolled , ligrll Ie coal
Pul 'Jerued ..et bottOll 14.2 pg/J heat Input /'C, ligni Ie coal
Cyclone 3.4 pgl J heat Input Scrubber, Ii 9111 te coal
3. I P91J heat Input 11:, ligni Ie coal
Star er 36.1 pglJ heat il"fut tilcon trolled , lignl Ie coal
-51-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
Polhhnt Proc~s faisslCII FiCtOl' Notes Refer8lcR
SeIBliU8 (cootinuedl Utility boilers -
Tan
-------
SECTION 2 (Con~.).
PIIllllt~t Proces &ISSlon Factor illite Refennc.
Yanadi.. (YI Industrial 5OUI'CI!S -
Hining and prlJCl!5sing 25 lbf ton of Y proceo.;5I!d lilcontrolled 8
/ll!tallW'igicd processing
FerrovanadiUJI, electric fumaces 50 lbf ton of Y proceo.;5I!d lilcontrolled 8
Hind ling losses 10 Ibfton of Y procl!5sed liIcontrolled 8
Steel production
BliSt flNaC. 0.03 Ib/ton of pig Ira! produced liIcontrolled 8
~rth furnace
No oxygen lance 0.006 Ib/ton of steel produced liIcontrolled 8
OlygBl lance 0.01 Ibfton of steel produced liIcontrolled 8
Bas ic oxygen furnace 0.002 Ibfton of steel produced filii venturi scnJbiJt!M; 8
0.009 Ib/ton of steel prockJced liIcontrolled 8
Electric fumace Negligible liIcontrolled 8
Cast iron production 0.2 Ib/lOOO ton of charge liIcontrolled 8
ee.ent plants
Dry pl'OCl!5S (for all processes) 8elON detection li.i t of analytical liIcontrolled 8
technique
We t procP5S
Kiln (avera'll! of hol 0.1 IbflOOO ton of feed ESP 8
Clinker cooler 0.0005 Ibf 1000 ton of feed Baghouse 8.
0.02 Ibllw) ton of. feed ESP 8
BeION detection lillt of analytical filii baghouse collections In parallel 8
tethn Ique
Fim!ilin. .ill ifter air 0.1XJ1)2 IbflOOO ton of feed Baghouse 8
Sep a"a tor
Coal cDllllushon 0.0003 - 0.004 Ibfton 10 - 20 ppl Y content; ESP (IDIII!!' end 8
of factor range). .t scrubber
(upper B1d of factor rangel.
Oi I cD8bustion -
U.S. crude oils 0.'Xi07 - 0.11 IbflOOO,.1 0.1 - 78 ppa Y ContBlt; lIIControlled 8
U.S. residUil, average 0.2 IbllOOO gal 30 ppa Y content; lIIControlled 8
-53-
-------
SECTION 2 (Cont.)
PullutMIt Process EaissiCII Factor Notes R~erence
YanadiU8 (VI Oil cllllllustiCII -
(contiBiedl
Flrei'JII crud!! ails, .~..aCje O.B - 3 Ib/lOOO sal lib - 35b pp. Y cmtent; UllCmtrolied B
Farei" resickiil ai Is, average 0.4 - 2 Ib/lOOO gal 50 - 280 1'1'. Y cmtent; UllCClltrolled B
U.S. bDill!l'S -
Distillate units 0.00007 Ib/lOOO !)oil B
16 R2sickiil uni ts 0.3 Ib/lOOO gal 223 pp1 Y cmtent; uncClltrolled B
115 Resl~al units 0.09 Ib/lOOO gal BB Ppi Y cmtentj uneClltrolled B
14 Resickiil uni ts 0.2 Ib/lOOO gal lib ppI V content; UllCmtrolied B
Solid lliste II1C merahcn 0.001 Ib/ton of Maste burned Ik1controlled B
Coal catbushan - uti Ii ty bailers -
Pulverized dry batta., 39.4 pgl J heat il1'ut ESP 7
bi tUlinous coal .62.B pg/J heat input Scrvbber 7
110 pgl J heat Input UncOIl trolled 7
Pulverized llet battOl, 32.3 pgl J heat input ESP
bl tullllDUS coal
Crelme, bi tulinDUs coal 30.1 pg/J hea t il1'ut ESP 7
30.0 pgl J hea t input ScNbller 7
5td:er, bftUlinous coal 24.9 Po/ J heat il1'ut "'I hcyclones
Pulverized, anthracl te coal 59.3 pg/J heat input ESP
Staker, anthracite coal 24.9 pg/J heat il1'ut "'lticyelmes 7
Pulverized dry bDttOl, lignite 17.5 pg/J heat input ESP
coal
Pulverized III!t bat lot, 1I"lte .0/01 pgl J heat Il1'ut ESP
coal
C~clme, lI'I"i te coal 2)3 pg/J heat Input ESP
291 pgl J heat Input "'lticyclmes
51"er, I i~m te coil 24.9 pg/J heat Il1'ut "'I ticyclones
011 cOlllbustlm - utility bOilers -
TanC)l!l'ltial, reslwal all 3.3 pg/J heat Input ESP 7
1516 pgl J heat input Uncmtrolled 7
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SECTION 2 (Con~.)
PDllubnt Precl!5S Eaissian Factor illites Reference
YanadiU8 (YI Oil clllllustian - uti Ii ty boilers -
lCDl1tinaedl
Mall, n!!iidlal all 3.3 p
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SECTION 2 (Cont..) .
PDllubnt Procl!SS £8ISSlon FiCtor rtJtes Rl!ferenc!!
Vinylidenl! chloride Vlnyhdlm chloride production -
Rsctor W!II t 1..2 kg/1IIj produced tilcm trolled 24
0.12 kg/1Ig produced InCll1l!rator 24
Distillation vents 0.7 kg/1IIj produced tilcm trolled 24
0.070 kg/PIg prockJced CaI trolled 24
SID"age/hMldllng 0.051> kg/1Ig produced Caltrolled 24
Fugihves 0.96 kg/hr tilcontrolled 24
0.12 - 0.71. kg/hr Caltrolled 24
Perch lo/'Ol!thyl!fle / t ri ch I oroethy len!!
pnlOict ion -
D1lorinatlon:
Neutrillization vent 2.5 kg/Itg produced tilcmtrolled 24
O. S kg/1I9 pnlOiced Refrigerated condenser 24
Di st i 11 at ioo vent 0.106 kg/ltg produced tilcmtrolled 24
0.021 kg/1Ig produced Rl!frigerated coodl!nser 24
Dxychlorinahoo:
Reactor VI!I1t 3.8 kg/Itg produced lktcmtrolled 24
0.071. kg/llg produced Thl!l'8il oXlcYtim 24
/)'ying colUlfl vent 0.4 kg/1IIj produced tilcm trolled 24
o. oce kg/1Ig produced Ther..1 oXlcYtim 24
Distillatioo vent 0.1,98 kg/llg produced tilcon trolled. 24
0.020 kg/PIg produced ScnJbbl!r 24
Vinyl idene chloride polYlII!rlzation -
Reactor 3.5 kg/Itg poly.rized 24
1Ico~ recovery 0.33 kg/llg polY8l!rlZed 24
lkt loading/storage 2.1 kg/Itg poly.rued '24
Fugitive 2.8 - 11 kg/1Ig polYlI!I'lZed 24
Hlgh-vinyhdene chloride copolYEr
faIJrlcahon processes -
Celophane coating 10 - 120 glltg 24
latex coatmg 50 - 1500 g/1Ig 24
Ex truslon 2 - ~ g/", 24
-56-
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REFERENCES
1.
Colorado Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Inventory and Prioritization for
Further Study, Radian Corporation, October 31, 1984.
2.
Potential Sources Of Air Toxics Emissions In Virginia, EPA Contract No.
68-023-513, Radian Corporation, February 29, 1984.
3.
Final Report, Radian Corporation,
Washington Toxic Air Contaminants Study.
December 1984.
4.
H. J. Taback, N. R. Parker and R. J. Goldstick, Airborne Toxic Material
Study for Sacramento County, Contract Number 81/82-2HE-AIR, prepared for
for Sacramento Air Pollution Control District, July 1983.
5.
North Carolina Air Toxics Survey, Identification of Pollutants of Concern
and Potential Emission Sources, Radian Corporation, April 5, 1985.
6.
Preliminary Inventory - Substances of Special Interest, Draft Report,
California Air Resources Board, September 1984.
7.
Emissions of Potentially Toxic/Hazardous Air Contaminants in the South
Coast Air Basin, South Coast Air Quality Management District, September
30, 1983.
8.
D. Anderson, Emission Factors of Trace Substances. Final Report,
PB-230894, EPA-450/2-73-001, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, December. 1973.
9.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Chromium. Final
Report, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3513, Radian Corporation, July 1984.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Nickel, EPA-450/4-
84-007f, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, March 1984.
10.
11.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Chloroform, EPA-
450/4-84-007c, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, March 1984.
12.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Formaldehyde, EPA-
450/4-84-007e, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, March 1984.
13.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Ethylene Dichloride,
EPA-450/4-84-007d, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, March 1984.
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14.
Fugitive Emission Sources of Organic Compounds - Additional Information
on Emissions, Emission Reductions, and Cost, EPA-450/3-82-010, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 1982.
15.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Soutce~ of Acrylonitrile, EPA-
450/4-84-007a, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, March 1984.
16.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Carbon Tetrachlo-
ride, EPA-450/4-84-007b, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, March 1984.
17.
Survey of Chloroform Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-026, U. S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, October 1985.
18.
Survey of Perchloroethylene Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-0l7, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1985.
19.
Survey of Carbon Tetrachloride Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-018, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1985.
20.
Survey of Trichloroethylene Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-021, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1985.
21.
Survey of Methylene Chloride Emission Sources, EPA-450/3-85-015, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1985.
22.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Epichlorohydrin;
EPA-450/4-84-007j, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, September 1985.
23.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Phosgene, EPA-450/
4-84-007i, u. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, September 1984.
24.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Vinylidene Chlo-
ride, EPA-450/4-84-007k, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, September 1985.
25.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Manganese, EPA-450/
4-84-007h, u. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, September 1985.
26.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Ethylene Oxide,
EPA-450/4-84-007l, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, September 1986.
27.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Chlorobenzenes,
EPA-450/4-84-007m, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, September 1986.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleasc rLJd Instructions vn the rel'erSt' before completing,
1. REPORT NO. I~' 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
EPA-450j4-86-010a
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE
Preliminary Compilation Of Air Pollutant Emission .April 1987
Factors For Selected Air Toxic Compounds 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATiON CODE
7. AUTHORIS) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT ,,"0.
Anne A. Pope --
..
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM EL.EMENT NO.
Air Management Technology Branch (MD 14)
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
u. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle, NC 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPL.EMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report presents emission factors for selected air toxic compounds, and it
associates the emission factors to levels of source activity. The majority of the
emission factors in this report was previously presented in Appendix H of the EPA
report, Compiling Air Toxic Emission Inventori es, EPA-450j4-86-010. Appendix H was
updated to include emission factors for ethylene oxide and chlorobenzenes. The
emission factors were compiled primarily in two series of EPA reports, Locating And
Estimating Air Emissions From Sources Of (Substance) and Survey Of-(Substance)
Emission Sources.
The purpose of this report is to offer a technical service to air pollution control
agencies in performing preliminary estimates of air toxics emissions. The emission
factors are preliminary, and they are not intended to provide exact estimates of
releases of air toxics from specific facilities.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANAL YSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSA TI Field/Group
Air toxics
Toxic emissions
Emission factors
Emission inventories
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
74
,20. Sf:CURITY CLASS (T/lis page) 22. PRICE
I
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOL!:TE
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