United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Policy
(2126)
EPA 231-K-98-003
October 1998
Moving
in the Right
Direction:
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Climate Wise and
Transportation Partners
The EPA Climate Wise and Transportation Partners programs are combining efforts
to encourage current and new Climate Wise partners to consider and implement
exciting transportation efficiency measures. This collaboration will leverage the
resources and expertise of both programs to reduce transportation-related green-
house gas emissions in the industrial sector. This brochure provides an overview of
some of the leading transportation efficiency measures used today.
If you are currently a Climate Wise partner, talk with Wise Line staff or
your Account Representative about including transportation projects in
your next Action Plan update.
If you are not a partner, joining the Climate Wise program is easy.
Simply complete the attached Partnership agreement, check the
"Transportation Efficiency" box to indicate your interest in these initia-
tives, and submit the form. By getting involved, you will open the door
to information and technical tools that will help your company achieve
energy savings, while providing more efficient transportation options
for your employees!
Climate Wise is a partnership initiative sponsored by the U.S. EPA that helps manu-
facturing companies across the country turn energy efficiency and pollution preven-
tion into a corporate asset through the development of comprehensive action plans
that reduce emissions and save money. Transportation Partners works to reduce
the growth in the number of vehicle miles traveled (and resulting greenhouse gas
emissions) by promoting projects that provide transportation alternatives to the one
person per car commute.
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Why Transportation
Efficiency?
When it comes to getting to and from work, employees too often have only one
choice: their cars. By relying solely on cars, particularly by driving alone, our daily
commute becomes congested and our lives become stressful. More cars on the
road means more time wasted in traffic and less time spent at work and at home.
People want to have choices and appreciate a working environment in which they
have transportation options. By offering your employees flexible transportation bene-
fits, including a variety of alternatives to car
travel. your company will be better equipped
to retain quality staff and increase their job
satisfaction.
People want to have
choices and appreciate
a working environment
in which they have
transportation options.
Moving goods and services more efficiently is
also good for your bottom line. Technical
improvements such as engine tune ups and
switching to lower carbon fuels, as well as operational changes such as trip reduc-
tions and backhauling, can result in cost savings for your company. In addition, initia-
tives such as developing a telecommuting program at your company can also help
you reduce overhead costs (e.g., rent for office space no longer needed).
In this case, what is good for your employees and your bottom line is also good for
the environment. Cars and trucks contribute significantly to global climate change by
producing greenhouse gases, most importantly carbon dioxide. Vehicle-related pollu-
tants also result in adverse and sometimes
Cars and trucks
contribute signi/icantly
to global climate change
by producing greenhouse
gases, most importantly
carbon dioxide.
fatal human health effects (e.g., respiratory
disease), destructive ground level ozone
and haze, and water contamination from
roadway runoff. Other impacts of automo-
bile use on the environment include the
loss of wetlands and habitats to highway
construction, and the strain on landfills
and hazardous waste facilities from tire
and vehicle parts disposal. Transportation efficiencies in the forms of ridesharing,
public transit. biking, walking, and other initiatives can help slow the growth of vehi-
cle travel and reduce the severity of these kinds of environmental problems.
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Efficiency Roadmap
There are three ways you can put transportation efficiency to work for you:
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Getting Employees in the
Door: A Whole New Way to
Consider Employee Benefits
As an employer, one way to attract and retain high-quality employees is to offer
benefits - such as free or subsidized parking, parking cash-out, or other trans-
portation benefit options. Here are some basic questions to discuss:
What is Parking Cash-Out?
In a parking cash-out program, businesses offer their employees a choice between
the free/subsidized parking, and a cash amount similar to what it has cost the
employer to provide parking. Employees may continue driving to work, or they may
exchange their parking subsidy for cash and buy a transit pass, bicycle supplies, or
pay rideshare costs. Any money left over is theirs to keep. The employer benefits by
reducing its cost of providing parking, and by giving more attractive and flexible
options to employees.
What are the advantages of implementing
a parking cash-out program?
In addition to relieving demand on parking spaces and potentially decreasing rent or
lease payments for garage space, parking cash-out, transit benefits, and other employ-
ee transportation benefits can be cost-effective ways to broaden commute alterna-
tives. Allowing employees to see their parking subsidy in the form of cash allows them
to make more informed commute decisions that better reflect employer costs.
Recent Federal legislation has brought powerful new tools that can dramatically
improve the effectiveness of employer commuter transportation programs. These
new tools facilitate employers in offering and expanding transit subsidies and other
programs that provide employees very significant financial benefits and more free-
dom in choosing ways of getting to work. Federal laws (especially the Transportation
Equity Act for the 21 st Century, or TEA-21) have made it easier to offer employees
cash or transit passes instead of parking as a benefit. whether given in lieu of or in
addition to salary or wages. For more information, contact the Climate Wise Wise
Line at (800) 459-WISE, or check the Transportation Partners web site
(http://www.epa.gov/tp) and click on "Research and Publications."
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Getting Employees to
Worl< Efficiently: A Menu
of Transportation Options
A parking cash-out program is one example of a flexible benefit that you can offer
potential hires. Once on board, it is in the employer's own interest to help its
employees get to work in an efficient, less stressful. and more healthful way. What
follows are examples of programs employers and governments have used through-
out the country in their efforts to reduce inefficient stressful rush hour travel
demand and work trips.
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<:r- Transit Passes. Employers can provide a pre-tax benefit of up to
$65 per month for their employees (federal legislation has increased
this amount to $100 beginning in 2002). Providing transit passes can
be a strong incentive to leave automobiles at home. In addition,
working with local transit agencies to promote programs such as
Guaranteed Ride Home can make transit even more attractive
to employees.
<:r- Proximate Commute/Job Switching. Employees working in jobs
that are interchangeable (e.g., chain retail store clerks or bank
tellers), may be amenable to switching job locations with other
employees to work closer to their homes. Employers can assist
efficient switching by providing a mechanism for communicating
job vacancies or potential employee trades.
<:r- Location Efficiency and Development Planning and Pricing.
Locating businesses in areas accessible to multiple modes of
transportation is one way to attract professionals who have
different commuting preferences and help support innovative
transportation benefit programs. Land-use decisions for office and
commercial development (e.g., choosing locations for new busi-
nesses or branches) ultimately shape transportation patterns and
thus strongly influence both congestion and the need for infra-
structure - and corresponding commute delays and tax burdens.
<:r-Parking and Leasing Arrangements. Firms that enter into longer-
term parking arrangements or leases limit their flexibility to provide
a range of choices to their employees. By making more adaptable
arrangements and implementing incentives that encourage
employee choice, firms can match parking supply and demand
more closely, saving the firm money while giving more flexibility to
employees. Firms that own parking space can consider leasing the
space to someone else or converting it to a different use.
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Moving Goods and
Services Efficiently
There is a wide range of options for improving the efficiency of delivery and freight
movements and minimizing the environmental impacts from work-related employee
trips. By introducing changes in the characteristics of the company fleet and in the
way it is maintained and operated, fleet and freight efficiency can be raised, fuel sav-
ings achieved, and vehicle emissions lowered.
Technical Improvements

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Corporate Success Stories
These case studies illustrate how companies have put transportation efficiency to
work for their employees, their bottom line, and the environment.
AT&T began allowing many of its employees tq work from home in the company's
Alternative Workplace program, initiated in 1992. Today, approximately 36,000 AT&T
managers telecommute at a relatively high average of six days per month. In 1997,
AT&T teleworkers reduced carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 80,000 tons. By
implementing telework arrangements, AT&T saves an average of $3,000 per telework-
er annually in real estate and associated costs. Working at home also translates into
increased time for the employee. In one AT&T unit, the average teleworker gained
almost five weeks per year by eliminating a 50-minute daily commute.
Bank of America has created a unique incentive system that ties the size of financial
rewards to the contribution that employees make in reducing commute emissions.
Participants earn points based on the number of days they use an alternative commute
mode, such as telecommuting, carpools, vanpools, rail, bus, walking, or bicycling.
Alternatives that eliminate emissions (e.g., walking or cycling) earn more points than
alternatives that reduce emissions (e.g., carpooling or transit). Through an electronic
recording system, earned points are translated into dollar values and placed into a per-
sonalized MasterCard DebitCard account that can be used at over 14 million locations
worldwide for dining, shopping, travel. and entertainment. Employees can opt to earn
tax-exempt TransitChecks - vouchers that are redeemable for bus and rail passes.
Employees who use an alternative commute mode each day can earn between
$20 and $60 per month. The collective efforts of the 3,900 employees participating in
Bank of America's Employee Alternative Transportation (BEAT) program have reduced
vehicle miles traveled by over 10.6 million miles per year.
Essential Foods has replaced refrigerated delivery vans with fuel-efficient trucks and
"Frigi-top" insulated boxes, saving the gasoline used to power the heavy vans and
run the additional refrigeration components. These new light trucks consume about
50 percent less gasoline, save 3,600 gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel and $4,284
annually, and help reduce C02 emissions by 32 metric tons per year.
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Corporate Success Stories
Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) has been providing incentives to its employees to
choose commute alternatives since the 1970's. Through its "On the Move" U.S.-wide
program, HP has provided transportation services to its workers, as well as estab-
lished policies for allowing them to work from home and to use compressed work
schedules (working a full week's hours in fewer days). Transportation services offered
to over 53,000 HP employees include: ridematching for employees interested in car-
pooling; preferential parking for carpoolers and vanpoolers; shower/locker facilities,
bike racks, and bike lockers for those who bike or walk to work; and free passes and
subsidized fares for public transit.
Quad/Graphics decided to locate its new facility in an existing structure at a "brown-
field" site. This keeps jobs in the city and avoids the expense of constructing a new
facility. Because the facility is in an urban location, the average commuting distance of
each of the facility's 700 employees was reduced by 20 miles less than it otherwise
would have been. Each year, this conserves about 160,000 gallons of gasoline, avoids
1 ,450 metric tons of CO2 emissions, and saves employees $180,000. In addition, since
1971, Quad/Graphics has maintained a schedule of 12-hour shifts for its employees. By
eliminating an extra shift and thus reducing commute trips, this program led to a reduc-
tion of approximately 10,000 tons of CO2 in 1997.
Stonyfield Farm has developed several programs to reduce or offset carbon emissions.
Its transportation measures include changing the scheduling of inbound raw milk to
maximize the size of trailers and minimize trips; joining the local transportation manage-
ment association (TMA) to promote employee carpooling; and running a pilot program
to coordinate employee lunch orders. In addition to these and other reduction mea-
sures, Stonyfield Farm has implemented an offset program, investing in a reforestation
project in Oregon, which will result in CO2 offsets of approximately 2,000 tons.
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[LIMATE WIS~
-
~~
Climate Wise is
a partnership between
EPA and U.S. industries,
with support from DOE,
that can help companies
turn energy efficiency
and environmental
performance into
a corporate asset.
Participants agree
to identify and implement
cost-effective energy
efficiency and pollution
prevention measures
that reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and to
annually report on
their reductions.
To get started,
complete this
Partnership Agreement
and mail or fax it to
Climate Wise
c/o ICF Kaiser
Consulting Group
9300 Lee Highway
Fairfax, VA 22031
Fax: (703) 934-3968
Climate Wise Partnership Agreement
r1I s a Partner in the Climate Wise program, (company name)
L:.J will identify and implement cost-effective energy efficiency and pollution prevention measures.
As part of our partnership agreement, we will:
. Establish a process for identifying and subsequently implementing cost-effective energy efficiency
and pollution prevention actions.
. Submit a Climate Wise Action Plan within 6 months. The Plan will describe in detail our Climate
Wise commitments and implementation timelines.
. Annually report the result of our actions to EPA and DOE through the Voluntary Reporting of
Greenhouse Gases Program.
We also understand that we have the option to annually update and resubmit our Action Plan. This will
provide a forum for continuous improvement, benchmarking, reevaluation, and revision while ensuring
a flexible approach to meeting our overall emissions reduction targets.
Our Climate Wise contact is
(Name)
(Title)
He/she can be reached at (-)
(-)
(Phone)
(Fax)
(Date)
(Company Name)
(Street Address)
(City, State, Zip)
Climate Wise will provide:

Access to technical resources
Climate Wise will provide technical assistance by
connecting your organization with U.S. Federal
agencies; trade associations; and state and local
energy, pollution prevention, and economic devel-
opment offices that can help you meet your goals.
Business.to.business exchanges
Climate Wise will give you the opportunity to par-
ticipate in regional business-to-business exchange
workshops to find out how other leading companies
have improved their profitability, productivity, and
environmental performance,
Positive public recognition
Climate Wise-sponsored national and local signing
ceremonies and recognition programs, participant-
sponsored media events, and other promotional
activities provide an opportunity for you to receive
recognition for your achievements.
Access to financial resources
Climate Wise can link your company to financial
resources such as Small Business Administration
(SBA) guaranteed loans, low-interest buy-downs
through state providers, state tax credits, utility pro-
grams, and private-sector financing opportunities.
A Climate Wise representative will be contacting you to discuss your enrollment and technical
assistance needs. You'll also be receiving a Climate Wise Opportunities Assessment Guide.
We look forward to working with you.

Please attach any information that is relevant to your Partnership Agreement and/or technical
assistance needs. Number of attachments . If you've already spoken with a Climate Wise
representative, please identify them here.

o Transportation Efficiency. Check the "Transportation Efficiency" box to open the door to infor-
mation and technical tools that will help your company achieve energy savings, while providing
more efficient transportation options for your employees! @

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(Signature)
(Name in Print)
(Title)
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Stay Informed!
For more information contact:
Phone:
The Climate Wise Wise Line:
Fax:
E-mail:
(800) 459-WISE
(703) 934-3968
WiseLi ne@ICFKaiser.com
You can also learn more through the Climate Wise and
Transportation Partners web sites:
http://www. epa. gov / cl i matewise
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Policy (2126)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
We hope that the information in this brochure has provided you with some
ideas on how your company can save money, benefit employees, and protect
the environment through transportation efficiency. Joining the Climate Wise
program is easy. Simply complete the attached Partnership agreement, check
the "Transportation Efficiency" box to indicate your interest in these initiatives,
and submit the form. By getting involved, you will open the door to information
and technical tools that will help your company achieve energy savings, while
providing more efficient transportation options for your employees!
CLIMATE WISE
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Traqsportation
Partners
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