UntadSUM*
         afMl Protection
 Officeof Air Qu*ty
   snd StYio
   i Trwngi* Park NC 27711
July 1995
      Air
EPA       ANNUAL REPORT
      Control Technology Center

      FY94: Summary of Program
          Accomplishments
      control
technology center

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                                      EPA-456/R-95-004
                  ANNUAL REPORT


           CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER

  FY94: SUMMARY  OF PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS
                   Sponsored by:

    Air Pollution Prevention and Control  Division
    National Risk Management Research Laboratory
         Office of Research and Development
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
          Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                        and
Information Transfer and Program Integration Division
    Office of Air Quality  Planning and Standards
             Office of Air and Radiation
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
          Research Triangle Park,  NC   27711
                     July 1995

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         NOTICE: NAME CHANGE IN SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS








     The Office of Research and Development  (ORD) and the Office



of Air and Radiation  (OAR) reorganized in FY95 prior to comple-



tion of this report.  As a result, the names of the Control Tech-



nology Center's (CTC's) sponsoring organizations within these



offices have changed as follows:



for ORD



     - former sponsoring organizational unit



     Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory  (AEERL),



     Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology



     Demonstration  (OEETD), ORD



     - current sponsoring organizational unit



     Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division  (APPCD),



     National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), ORD;



for OAR



     - former sponsoring organizational unit



     Emission Standards Division  (BSD),



     Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)



     - current sponsoring organizational unit



     Information Transfer and Program Integration Division (ITPID),



     OAQPS.



     To minimize confusion and to ensure that the CTC is cor-



rectly identified within EPA's existing organizational structure,



this report uses the names of current organizational units, as



indicated above, when referring to CTC sponsors.
                                11

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                             PREFACE








     The Control Technology Center  (CTC) is a cooperative effort



between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's  (EPA's) Office



of Air and Radiation  (OAR), Office of Air Quality Planning and



Standards (OAQPS), Information Transfer and Program Integration



Division (ITPID), and the Office of Research and Development



(ORD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Air



Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD).  The CTC pro-



vides technical assistance and technology transfer to State and



local air pollution control agencies and to EPA's regional of-



fices on air pollution control technology and pollution preven-



tion applications.  It also provides technical information to



other governmental agencies, both foreign and domestic, and to



private entities on a limited basis.  Incorporated under the CTC



umbrella are the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC),  technical



support for the Federal Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP),



and the International Technology Transfer Center for Global



Greenhouse Gases (ITTCGGG).








     The CTC produced this report to inform EPA management,



staff,  and other interested individuals of the status and activi-



ties of the CTC in supporting the Nation's air quality program.



This report summarizes CTC projects and other program activities



conducted between October 1, 1993,  and September 30, 1994.  Also



program statistics are presented and analyzed to allow the EPA



management staff to evaluate the Center's progress and effective-
                               111

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ness.  Finally, the report documents the demand for CTC support



activities from businesses and governmental agencies.
Co-Chair                                                  _
                                                          »   r


National Risk Management      Charles H.  Darvin        Date



Research Laboratory - RTF
Co-Chair
                             /     '/7f   /y/7       ^^
                              RobertKj.  BlitSiefza]
Office of Air Quality         Robert^J.  Blasaefzak      Date



Planning and Standards
                               IV

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS









Section                                                      Page




PREFACE	    iii




LIST OF TABLES	vii




LIST OF FIGURES	vii




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS	viii




ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	     xi




EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   	  xiii




     INTRODUCTION	xiii




     SUMMARY OF CTC ACTIVITY	xiii




     CTC PROGRAM SERVICES	xiv




          CTC HOTLINE	    xiv




          CTC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM	xiv




          RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE   	   xvi




          FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM  	  xvii




          ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE and  TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS xviii




          CTC PRODUCTS	xviii




          OUTREACH ACTIVITIES 	   xix




          INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR




          GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES  	  xix




     RESOURCES	    xx




     PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 	    XX




     SUMMARY	xxi
                                v

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                       CONTENTS (continued)




Section                                                      gaae




1.0  INTRODUCTION	   1-1




2.0  PROGRAM STATUS AND ANALYSIS	2-1




     2.1  CTC HOTLINE	2-1




     2.2  CTC Bulletin Board System  (BBS)	2-6




     2.3  RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse  	  2-9




     2.4  FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM  (SBAP).  2-15




     2.5  TECHNICAL PROJECTS 	 2-18




    1 2.6  era REPORTS AND SOFTWARE	2-22




     2.7  OUTREACH ACTIVITIES	  2-24




     2.8  INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR




               GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES	2-25




3.0  PROGRAM RESOURCES	3-1




     3.1  STAFF RESOURCES	3-1



     3.2  PROJECT BUDGET	3-2




4.0 -PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT	4-1




5.0  CONCLUSIONS	5-1




APPENDIX A - CTC PROJECTS STARTED IN FY94	A-l




APPENDIX B - CTC PROJECTS COMPLETED IN FY94	B-l




APPENDIX C - CTC REPORTS AND SOFTWARE	C-l
                               VI

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                          LIST  OF  TABLES








Table                                                        Page








1. HOTLINE Calls by Pollutant	2-5



2. Top HOTLINE Call Topics	2-6



3. CTC BBS Activity	2-7



4. CTC BBS Most Popular Downloadable Items	2-7



5. RBLC Access Activity	2-10



6. RBLC Most Popular Downloadable Items	2-12



7. Distribution Of CTC Staff Resources (Person Years) .  .  .    3-2



8. CTC Contract Resources for FY94	3-3
                         LIST OF FIGURES








Figure                                                       Page








1. CTC Activity Expansion FY90 - FY94	   2-2



2. Increase in CTC HOTLINE Calls FY90 - FY94	2-4



3. CTC BBS User Access	2-8



4. RBLC User Access	2-11



5. CTC Product Distribution: Hard Copy vs. BBS Downloads .   . 2-24
                               VII

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                      LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS








ACT       Alternative Control Techniques



AEERL     Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory



          (now APPCD)



ALAPCO    Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials



ANL       Argonne National Laboratories



APPCD     Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division



          (formerly AEERL)



BACT      Best Achievable Control Technology



BBS       Bulletin Board System



BLIS      RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System



CAA       Clean Air Act



CAAA      Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990



CARB      California Air Resources Board



CEPPO     Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office



CERI      Center for Environmental Research Information



          (now TTSD)



CFCs      Chlorofluorocarbons



CTC       Control Technology Center



CTG       Control Techniques Guideline



DOE       Department of Energy



EMTIC     Emission Measurement Technical Information Center



EPA       Environmental Protection Agency



EPRI      Electric Power Research Institute



BSD       Emission Standards Division
                              Vlll

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                LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)








ESP       Electrostatic Precipitator



ETI       Environmental Technology Initiative



FY        Fiscal Year



GGG       Global Greenhouse Gases



GHG       Greenhouse Gases



HAP       Hazardous Air Pollutant



HC1       Hydrogen Chloride



HF        Hydrogen Fluoride



ITG       Information Transfer Group



ITPID     Information Transfer and Program Integration Division



ITTCGGG   International Technology Transfer Center for Global



          Greenhouse Gases



LAER      Lowest Achievable Emission Rate



MACT      Maximum Achievable Control Technology



NAAQS     National Ambient Air Quality Standard



NESCAUM   Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management



NOx       Oxides of Nitrogen



NRMRL     National Risk Management Research Laboratory



NTIS      National Technical Information Service



NTTC      National Technology Transfer Center



OAQPS     Office of Air Quality' Planning and Standards



OAR       Office of Air and Radiation



ORD       Office of Research and Development



P2        Pollution Prevention
                                IX

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                LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  (continued)
PC        Personal Computer



PM        Particulate Matter



PM10      Particulate Matter Equal to or Less Than 10 /Jin in



          Diameter



PPIC      Pollution Prevention Information Center



RACT      Reasonably Available Control Technology



RBLC      RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse



SAGE      Solvent Alternatives Guide



SBAP      Small Business Assistance Program



SBO       Small Business Ombudsman



SIC/SCC   Standard Industrial Classification/Source



          Classification Codes



SIP       State Implementation Plan



STAPPA    State and Territorial Air Pollution Program



          Administrators



TTN       Technology Transfer Network



TTSD      Technology Transfer and Support Division



          (formerly CERI)



UNCED     United Nations Conference on Environment and



          Development



VOC       Volatile Organic Compounds

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                         ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     The Control Technology Center (CTC) acknowledges the efforts



of all those who have contributed to the program's success.  The



Center especially recognizes staff members from the Office of Air



Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) and National Risk Manage-



ment Research Laboratory (NRMRL),  who have enthusiastically re-



sponded to requests for assistance.  The CTC Steering Committee



and Advisory Work Group also have provided crucial support and



guidance for the program's development.  Representatives from



OAQPS,  NRMRL, the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program



Administrators/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Offi-



cials (STAPPA/ALAPCO),  and EPA's Technology Transfer and Support



Division (formerly CERI) comprise the Advisory Work Group..  The



CTC also acknowledges the support and confidence shown by its



many governmental and non-governmental clients.  These clients



have used the program's services with increasing frequency and



have recommended the CTC to their colleagues in the air pollution



control community.
                                XI

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                        EXECUTIVE SUMMARY








INTRODUCTION



     Control Technology Center (CTC) services were accessed ap-



proximately 35,000 times in FY94, which is a 14 percent increase



over activity experienced in FY93.   This activity includes HOT-



LINE calls, access to computer bulletin board systems (BBSs) and



databases, and requests for CTC products.  This report summarizes



the CTC's activities and accomplishments during FY94 and examines



strategies to sustain this dynamic program.








SUMMARY OF CTC ACTIVITY



     The following table indicates CTC activity in FY94 and the



change in activity from FY93.
SUMMARY OF CTC FY94 ACTIVITIES
Activity
HOTLINE Calls - Government
HOTLINE Calls - Non-Government
HOTLINE Calls - Total
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse BBS (RBLC)
CTC BBS
Number of CTC Documents Requested
Total CTC Accesses
FY93
1,258
2,095
3,353
11,561
8,480
7,371
30,765
FY94
1,208
3,179
4,387
13,098
12,291
5,211
34,987
Change ( % )
-4
52
31
13
45
-29
14
                               Xlll

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CTC PROGRAM SERVICES



     A brief summary of CTC services and activities follows.  The



flow diagram on the next page graphically depicts CTC activities



and coordination.  More detailed information on each activity is



provided in Section 2 of this report.








CTC HOTLINE



     The CTC's telephone HOTLINE provides quick access to EPA



expertise and information.  In FY94 HOTLINE activity



increased by 31 percent, about a 41 percent in-



crease in the rate of growth experienced in FY93.



State, local, and federal government agency calls



decreased slightly, but non-government HOTLINE calls continued to



rise significantly and now represent 72 percent of all HOTLINE



calls.  This reverses the overall leveling off trend of HOTLINE



activity experienced over the last few years which had been at-



tributed to the growing popularity of CTC's electronic bulletin



board systems (BBSs).








CTC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM



     The CTC BBS completed its third full year of service with a



45 percent increase in activity.  The BBS supplements other CTC



               services.   It  allows users to download CTC prod-



               ucts, request  assistance,  suggest projects,  order



               hard copies of CTC products,  or leave messages  for



                 other users.   In FY94,  nearly  58 percent of all



                 users accessing  the CTC BBS downloaded  CTC
                               xiv

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                     CTC PROGRAM  OPERATION
             c
            Federal, Regional, State, & Local Gov. Agencies/General Public/
                 Foreign Gov. Agencies/Private Companies/Academia
ro
en
12,000/yr
           CTC BBS
          7,000 Products
           Downloaded
   13,000/yr
          RBLC BBS
          3,000 Products
           Downloaded
   Coming in
    FY95
Note: All numbers are
rounded off and indicate
FY94 activity.
                                      35,000/yr
                                CTC/RBLC/SBAP
                                                  3,000/yr
                                                  Correspondence
                             	•>( CTC Hotline]
          SBAP BBS  K- - -
t
!
                                  EPA ExpertiseJ4-
2,000/yr
                  Products (documents,
                       tools, etc.)
                                           \
                                                       Legend

                                              CTC   ControlTcchnology Center
                                              EMDC  Emission Measurement
                                                    Technical Information Center
                                              CEPPO  Chemical Emergency
                                                    Preparedness & Prevention
                                                    Office
                                              fTTCGGG InternationalTechnology
                                                    Transfer Center for Global
                                                    Greenhouse Gases
                                              NRMRL  National Risk Management
                                                    Research Laboratory
                                              OAQPS  Office of Air Quality Planning
                                                    and Standards
                                              PPIC   Pollution Prevention
                                                    Information Center
                                              RBLC  RACT/BACT/LAER
                                                    Clearinghouse
                                              SBAP  Small Business Assistance
                                              	Program	
1,500/yr
1,500/yr
??
??
10/yr
99
— >
	 ft
V

	 »

OAQPS Staff J

NRMRL Staff ]




— K ITTCGGG ]


— >[ Tech. Assist. Projects] ,


V

/^TO/ODAD/DOI f*
                                                                        CTC Staff
                                                                                  PPIC   j

                                                                                 EMTIC  ]

                                                                                 CEPPO  ]
                                                                           Other EPA
                                                                             Offices

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products compared to 33 percent in FY93.  The BBS is part of the



OAQPS Technology Transfer Network  (TTN) and may be accessed 24



hours per day by anyone with a personal computer equipped with a



modem and appropriate software.








RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE



     The RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse  (RBLC) is a repository for



State and local agency control technology determinations.  It can



be easily accessed, by anyone with a personal com-



puter equipped with a modem and communications



software, for the price of a telephone call.  Dur-



ing FY94, the RBLC was accessed 13,098 times,



representing a 13 percent increase over FY93.



The RBLC also completed a number of improvements in FY94.  These



include: a new Regulation Data Base (NSPS, NESHAP, and MACT stan-



dards); a stand-alone, floppy disk version of the RBLC edit/data



entry program to facilitate data submittal; and improved statis-



tical data ranking capabilities to compare technology applica-



tions .








     The RBLC is also in the process of implementing a number of



additional improvements to be completed in FY95.  These include:



enhanced pollution prevention (P2) capacity; data base streamlin-



ing; an interactive RBLC tutorial to help new users; and addi-



tional improvements to statistical ranking capabilities.



     Some of the improvements indicated above address recommenda-



tions made by the New Source Review Reform Work Group of the CAA
                               xvi

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Advisory Committee.  However, full implementation of recommenda-



tions dealing with quality control and the completeness and com-



prehensiveness of the data base is beyond the capabilities of the



RBLC at current resource levels.







FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM



     The Federal SBAP provides technical support to and coordina-



tion with State SBAPs as required by section 507 of the CAA.  The



                                    CTC  is one  of the primary



                                    technical^.support centers
                                     supporting  the Federal  SBAP.



                                     Other centers include the



Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office  (CEPPO),



the Pollution Prevention Information Center (PPIC),  and the EPA



Small Business Ombudsman's  (SBO) Office.
     In FY94 the Federal SBAP undertook a variety of activities



to provide the State SBAPs with materials and resources to assist



small businesses in compliance with CAA requirements.  This



ranged from plain-English guidebooks to satellite downlink broad-



casts.  Another important activity of the Federal SBAP is to



facilitate communication among the State SBAPs and EPA.  To im-



prove this communication, the National Small Business Technical



Assistance Conference was held in Raleigh, NC, in January 1994,



and work was started on the Small Business electronic bulletin



board (SBAP BBS).   The SBAP BBS will be available on the OAQPS



TTN in FY95.
                               XVII

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ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE AND TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS



     The CTC funded 10 new technical guidance or engineering



assistance projects during FY94.  Most of these projects resulted



from HOTLINE and written requests for technical assistance from



State and local agencies.  Three of these are joint ventures with



State agencies which have allowed the CTC to



conserve and leverage limited resources.  In



addition, the CTC completed eight projects cov-



ering a wide range of air pollution issues (two



of these were initiated in FY94).   They include



evaluations of potential emissions from asphalt



paving operations, combustion of scrap tire derived fuel and



waste crankcase oil, new and emerging technologies for treating



low concentration VOC/organic HAP emissions,  and updates to CTC



PC software for evaluating HAP control options and municipal



landfill emissions.








CTC PRODUCTS



     As part of its technology transfer effort, the CTC distrib-



uted 5,211 reports and software tools that resulted from CTC



projects.  That represents a 29 percent decrease in hard copy



      products; however, many  CTC clients are  opting  to  download



       products from the CTC BBS instead of ordering them.  In



       FY94, a total of 14,976 CTC products were pro-



       vided to CTC clients  (5,211 requests + 9,765



       downloads)  compared to 12,426 products pro-



vided in FY93 (7,371 requests + 5,055 downloads).
                              xvm

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 That  represents  an  overall  20 percent  increase  in  the  amount  of



 CTC products  distributed while  significantly  reducing  printing/



 duplication,  handling and mailing  cost.
OUTREACH ACTIVITIES




     The CTC conducted several outreach activities



during FY94.  More than 5,500 copies of CTC's



quarterly bulletin,  *CTC News,* were mailed to



CTC clients each quarter in FY94.  In addition,



the CTC participated in the Air and Waste Management Association



national conference  and several EPA workshops.
INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR



GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGG)



     The ITTCGGG, a service provided by the APPCD, is linked to



the CTC HOTLINE and product distribution activities.  It provides



technology transfer concerning greenhouse gas emissions.  To



                   date, modest funding has been provided to



                   develop technology transfer tools for waste



                   methane sources.  The initial emphasis was on



landfill methane because of soon-to-be-final emission rules for



municipal solid waste landfills.  Further highlights in the area



include plans for a research symposium on greenhouse gas emis-



sions planned for summer 1995.  Technical assistance and informa-



tion are available on landfills and other waste management



sources, coal mines,  the natural gas industry, small-scale com-



bustion services (including coal stoves),  and biomass utilization.
                               xix

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RESOURCES

     The CTC's budget  for engineering assistance and  technical

guidance projects during FY94 was $416,000.  This amount is a 12

percent decrease from  the $475,000 budgeted in FY93 on projects.

This does not include  funding for the Federal SBAP

and the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse  (RBLC) pro-

gram.  These programs  are funded under separate

allotments not directly associated with CTC

funding.  The Clearinghouse expended $100,000 for
                                                   CTC
maintenance and improvements in FY94.  The Federal SBAP's budget

was $230,000 to fund SBAP projects, informational material, de-

velop a SBAP BBS, and  to hold a national SBAP conference.



PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

     The CTC is planning and implementing a number

of initiatives including the following:  build-

ing pollution prevention capacity; developing a

new technologies electronic bulletin board;

expanding cooperative projects with industry;

developing cost recovery procedures under section

112(1)(3)  of the Clean Air Act;  developing capacity to evaluate

intermedia impacts of air pollution control technology applica-

tions;  establishing a SBAP BBS to facilitate coordination and

exchange of small business materials among State SBAPs and EPA;

and coordinating development of information targeted at small

businesses.
                                xx

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SUMMARY



     The CTC continues to experience growth and program expan-



sion.  Although growth has moderated from the doubling of activ-



ity experienced in each of the previous three years, coping with



even moderate growth and increases in customer demands represents



a significant challenge as resources continue to decline.  The



CTC continues to explore emerging information transfer options



that may be able to absorb growing customer needs without sig-



nificantly impacting available resources.







     The best indicator of CTC program success is still client



use and access of CTC services.  Although the rate of growth



moderated considerably in FY94, a 14 percent increase was real-



ized.  Customer access to CTC services now exceeds 35,000 per



year.  This number does not adequately represent Federal SBAP



assistance and coordination efforts in support of State SBAPs.



SBAP program coordination and assistance has grown considerably,



but a system to adequately measure the total number of accesses



by State SBAP customers is not in place and, therefore, not in-



cluded in the overall CTC program activity level.
                               xxi

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XXI1

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                            SECTION 1



                           INTRODUCTION








     This report summarizes the operation and accomplishments of



the Control Technology Center  (CTC) during FY94, its eighth suc-



cessful year of operation.  The report documents the program's



efforts during this period to respond to increased demands for



technical assistance and information from the pollution control



community.  It also discusses the growth and evolution of the CTC



since its conception in 1987, as well as its efforts and plans to



meet client needs in the future.








     CTC program responsibilities include the RACT/BACT/LAER



Clearinghouse (RBLC) and technical support to the Federal Small



Business Assistance Program (SBAP) in addition to the Center's



basic technical assistance/information transfer activities.  The



CTC also acts as a contact point for and distribution center of



products prepared by the International Technology Transfer Center



for Global Greenhouse Gases (ITTCGGG).








     The CTC was originally established to support the U.S. Envi-



ronmental Protection Agency's  (EPA's) Air Toxics Strategy.  The



strategy called for State and local agencies to assume regulatory



responsibilities for toxic air pollutants, with the EPA providing



technical assistance to support their efforts.  In response,



EPA's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD) and



the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) devel-
                               1-1

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oped and implemented an innovative technology assistance and



transfer program - - the CTC.  In addition to supporting State



and local agency air toxics programs, the CTC also was charged



with providing technical assistance to these agencies on volatile



organic compound (VOC) control issues to support their efforts to



attain the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) for



ozone.







     The CTC's mission has expanded significantly over time.  CTC



staff have had responsibility for the overall RBLC program as an



independent program activity since the CTC's inception; however,



the interdependent relationship which developed between the CTC



and RBLC proved to be extremely beneficial to both programs.  The



RBLC became an important tool in responding to CTC client re-



guests for technical assistance about control technology and



pollution prevention applicability and performance.  At the same



time, the CTC's technical assistance role proved to be a logical



response to RBLC clients in need of more in-depth technical as-



sistance.  The expansion of the RBLC to include Reasonably Avail-



able Control Technology (RACT),  as required by the 1990 Clean Air



Act Amendments (CAAA), also resulted in a more interconnected



relationship between these activities.  Collecting and dissemi-



nating RACT information to State and local agencies supports



efforts to attain the ozone NAAQS, which has been and continues



to be an essential part of the CTC's mission.  As a result, the



CTC and the RBLC now function as one integrated program.
                               1-2

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     The CAAA also effected other significant changes.  The most



critical change was the extension of CTC services to non-govern-



mental clients.  The private sector now accounts for about 65



percent of the CTC's activities.  In addition, because of its



well-established role in assisting State and local agencies, EPA



decided to make the CTC one of the primary technical support



centers supporting the Federal SBAP required by section 507 of



the CAA.  The Federal SBAP provides technical support and coordi-



nation to State SBAPs.







     New and emerging EPA policy and regulations and the changing



needs of CTC clients require that the CTC continue to adapt and



change.  The CTC continues its efforts to expand pollution pre-



vention capacity within its program and provide access to infor-



mation on new and emerging technologies.  As part of this effort



to adapt and change,  the Center proposed an innovative technol-



ogy/pollution prevention information transfer system under the



Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI)  program to provide



quick and timely information exchange among developers,  vendors,



industry,  and regulatory agencies*.  The CTC  also needs  to de-



velop capacity to consider cross-media implications of air pollu-



tion control applications,  and the ability to work with industry



in assessing new and emerging technologies.







*Editor's Note:  During final processing of this report, the CTC



was notified that projects proposed under the Environmental Tech-



nology Initiative (ETI)  for FY95 funding were not approved.
                               1-3

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1-4

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                            SECTION 2



                   PROGRAM STATUS AND ANALYSIS








     All CTC program services continue to increase in activity



except the number of requests for paper and floppy disk copies of



CTC products.  The total number of direct accesses to CTC ser-



vices in FY94 was about 35,000,  a 14 percent increase over FY93.



This total includes HOTLINE, BBS, and RACT/BACT/LAER Clearing-



house activity, and product requests from CTC clients.








     The decrease in the number of paper and floppy disk product



requests is inversely related to an increase in the number of



electronic versions of new CTC products downloaded from the CTC



and RBLC BBSs.  Therefore, it is apparent that CTC clients are



downloading electronic versions of CTC products instead of order-



ing hard copies.  In fact, the total number of CTC products pro-



vided to CTC customers increased from 12,426 (7,371 requests +



5,055 BBS downloads) in FY93 to 14,976 (5,211 requests + 9,765



BBS downloads) in FY94.   Figure 1 summarizes the expansion of CTC



activity over the last five years.








2.1  The CTC HOTLINE



     The CTC operates a telephone HOTLINE service staffed by



technical experts from the sponsoring organizations.  The HOTLINE



provides callers with quick access to EPA air pollu-



tion control expertise during regular business



hours (7:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. eastern time).  Most
                               2-1

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KJ

NJ
                                50,000
                                40,000
                                30,000
                                20,000
10,000
                                        0

Total HOTLINE •
RBLC •
CTC BBS •
Hard Products •
Elec. Products EH
FY90
1,097
840
0
2,000
0
FY91
2,068
1,400
866
4,000
0
FY92
2,750
1,917
4,440
5,899
95
FY93
3,353
11,561
8,480
7,371
5,055
FY94
4,387
13,098
12,291
5,211
9,765
      Note:   Electronic products downloaded from the CTC and RBLC BBS are not  included on  the graph since they
      represent part of the overall activity already indicated for the BBSs.   However, the table indicates a
      significant change in how customers acquire products and a significant increase in the overall demand for
      CTC products (hardcopy and electronic).  See Section 2.6,  CTC Reports and Software, for more information.

-------
simple technical assistance requests can be addressed immediately



by CTC staff.  When a more detailed analysis or evaluation of a



request is required, it is referred to an expert in the particu-



lar field.







     The CTC initiated its computer tracking system for HOTLINE



calls in FY87.  Computer data and other early CTC records show a



continued growth over the program's 8-year history.  The HOTLINE



received 4,387 calls for assistance in FY94 (this figure does not



include telephone requests for CTC products).   This represents an



overall increase in HOTLINE activity of 31 percent, about a 41



percent increase in the rate of growth experienced in FY93.   This



reverses the overall leveling off trend of HOTLINE activity expe-



rienced over the last few years which had been attributed to the



growing popularity of CTC's electronic bulletin board systems



(BBSs).  In FY94, both HOTLINE and BBS activity increased at a



similar rate.







     For the second consecutive year and the second time since



the CTC began its HOTLINE,  calls from State,  local,  and federal



government agencies decreased slightly.   Hotline calls from



government agencies totaled 1,208 in FY94 compared to 1,258 in



FY93 (-4 percent).   The decrease is virtually identical to that



experienced between FY92 and FY93 and appears to be the culmina-



tion of a gradual leveling off in government calls that has been



experienced in recent years.  However, overall access to CTC



services by government customers through the HOTLINE, RBLC,  and
                               2-3

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CTC BBS continued to rise.   For FY92,  FY93,  and FY94,  the overall



access to these three CTC  services by government customers was



3,946, 8,342, and 10,562,  respectively.








     Non-government callers  now represent 73 percent of all HOT-



LINE calls.  Non-government  HOTLINE calls increased from 2,095 in



1993 to 3,179 this year.   This  is  a 51 percent increase over FY93



activity.  Since the Clean Air  Act Amendments of 1990  (CAAA)



required that the CTC make it services available to others  (i.e.,



other than government agencies)  through  FY93,  the number of addi-



tional non-government calls  each year  had been constant and the



rate of increase in these  calls had been declining.   In FY94 this



trend changed significantly; that  is,  the rate of increase



doubled compared to the FY93 rate.







     Figure 2 shows the increase in HOTLINE  calls over the past 5



fiscal years and the impact  of  private calls on the totals.
                    1,000  2,000  3,000  4,000  5,000  6,000
                      Hotline - Gov. fi Hotline - Non Gov.
       FIGURE 2. INCREASE IN CTC HOTLINE CALLS  FY90  - FY94
                               2-4

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     Due to problems with the data base for non-government calls



 (lost data), an analysis of major topics of HOTLINE calls for



 technology assistance was limited to the governmental sector.



 The top five HOTLINE pollutant topics accounted for 76 percent of



 all calls that indicated a pollutant (See Table 1).
Pollutant
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
Particulate Matter (PM/PM10)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Sulfur Compounds
Total for Top Five Pollutants
Percent of
Calls
33%
22%
10%
8%
3%
76%
               TABLE 1. HOTLINE CALLS BY POLLUTANT








     Subject/process area requests were very scattered, but 19



percent dealt with CTC products or activities (i.e., the RBLC and



CTC program and products).   The top five technical topics ad-



dressed printing and surface coating, emission factors, the Sol-



vents Alternative Guide  (SAGE),  Emission Standards, and Control



Technique Guidelines (CTGs).   Table 2 presents the top 25 topics.
                               2-5

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CTC Program & Products
Printing & Coating Industry
RBLC
Emission Factor
SAGE
Emission Standards
CTGs
Solvents
Boilers/Power Plants
Incineration
Emission Testing
Non-CTC EPA Products
Chemical Industry
12%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
3%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
Control Technology (general)
Clean Air Act
1C Engines /Turbines
Kilns
Asphalt
Wood Products
Waste Water Treatment
SBAP
Fugitive Dust
Operating Permits
Degr easing
Iron & Steel
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
                 TABLE 2.  TOP HOTLINE CALL TOPICS
2.2  The CTC Bulletin Board System  (BBS)
     The CTC initiated an electronic.BBS in August 1991.  The



system supplements the HOTLINE service which is provided only



during normal business hours.  The BBS system is operated and



maintained by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards



(OAQPS) Technology Transfer Network (TTN) BBS and can be accessed



               via a personal computer  (PC) equipped with commu-



               nication  software  and a modem.  The BBS  operates



               24 hours  a day, 7  days a week, except for routine



                 maintenance on Mondays  between  8:00 a.m.  and



                  noon eastern time.  The  BBS allows the user  to
                               2-6

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access CTC-generated technical reports and software, which may be



downloaded to the user's PC.  The user may also solicit input



from other users by posting questions and requests on the BBS.







     In FY94, the CTC BBS was accessed 12,291 times.  That repre-



sents a 34 percent increase in activity over FY93 .   As with the



CTC HOTLINE, non-government access to the BBS represents the



largest share of use (58 percent).  About 58 percent of all BBS



accesses result in a download of a CTC report or CTC software, a



76 percent increase over FY93.    Figure 3 and Tables 3 and 4



provide information on the user access,  type of BBS activity, and



the most popular downloadable items, respectively.
Type of Activity
Total Accesses
Total Downloads
Add to Mailing List
Document Orders
HOTLINE Requests
Project Suggestions
Number of Events
FY92
4,440
1,385
245
160
46
12
FY93
8,480
2,796
324
243
68
15
FY94
12,291
7,077
440
328
92
8
                   TABLE  3.  CTC  BBS ACTIVITY
Item
Document Text
MACT/CTG/NSPS/ACT Schedule Text
Solvent Alternative GuidE (SAGE) ~ CTC Software
CTC Newsletter
HAP- PRO -- CTC Software
LANDFILL Models — CTC Software
Control Technology Guidelines (CTO) List
Number of Events
FT92
228
N/A
N/A
178
256
172
97
PY93
658
N/A
391
279
285
219
107
FY94
1,342
841
800
563
561
278
200
        TABLE 4.  CTC BBS HOST POPULAR DOWNLOADABLE ITEMS
                               2-7

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                  CTC
to
i
CO
    •fl
    H
U)
•


O

O

U
W
to

a
CO
    i
    w
    to
Fiscal Year
Local/Reg. Agency H
State Agency

Federal Agency •
Non-Governmental

11
1991
121
208
78
459
1992
607
1,061
371
2,312
1993
875
1,670
795
4,613
1994
1,106
2,827
1,229
7,129

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     The CTC BBS has become an important and popular part of the



CTC.  It has allowed the CTC to expand its services and technol-



ogy transfer capability with only a minimum impact on CTC re-



sources.  New CTC products are available as downloadable files



from the BBS.  This has improved user access to this information



and reduced printing and document handling costs resulting from



hard copy product requests.  The CTC has also submitted an FY95



project proposal under EPA's Environmental Technology Initiative



(ETI) that, if approved, would make the CTC BBS the home for a



new control technology and pollution prevention data base that



would allow users to identify and access information on new and



emerging technologies.
2.3  RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse








     The RBLC is a repository for State and



local agency control technology determinations.



It includes control technology determinations for:
• Major new or modified sources locating in nonattainment areas



and subject to Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) control



requirements







• Major new or modified sources locating in attainment areas and



subject to Best Available Control Technology (BACT) requirements



under the prevention of significant air quality deterioration



program
                               2-9

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• Existing sources located in nonattainment areas and subject to



Reasonably Available Control Technology  (RACT) requirements







     The RBLC allows anyone with a PC, modem, and communications



software to review, browse, and print examples of the types of



controls and/or pollution prevention measures required or used on



similar sources.  In addition, the RBLC also contains the name,



agency, and telephone number of a contact to obtain additional



in-depth information on those sources.







     During FY94, the RBLC was accessed 13,098 times, represent-



ing a 13 percent increase over FY93.   Table 5, Figure 4, and



Table 6 provide information on the type of access activity, user



access, and the most popular downloadable items, respectively.
Type of Activity
Total Accesses
Total Downloads
Add to Mailing List
Document Orders
HOTLINE Requests
Number of Events
FY91
1,311
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FY92
1,917
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FY93
11,561
5,555
648
124
30
FY94
13,098
7,394
436
90
29
                  TABLE 5.   RBLC ACCESS ACTIVITY
                               2-10

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   H

   o
to
I
g
   d
   CQ
   B

   Q
   to
   01
            RBLC User Accesses
Fiscal Year
Local/Reg. Agency H
State Agency

Federal Agency |
Non-Governmental
•
1991
66
249
105
891
1992
73
362
163
1,319
1993
881
1,762
1,101
7,269
1994
917
2,096
1,179
8,906

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Item
User Generated Files (database search results)
User ' s Manual
Document Summaries
Informational Flier
RBLC Supplement
Number of Events
FY93
3,296
438
386
235
N/A
FY94
4,706
454
318
313
454
Change (%)
43%
4%
-18%
33%
N/A
          TABLE 6.   RBLC HOST POPULAR DOWNLOADABLE ITEMS
     The RBLC completed a number of improvements in FY94, includ-
ing:
• Regulation Data Base:  A new data base which summarizes re-



quirements of all EPA NSPS and NESHAP standards, including MACT



standards, became operational in September 1994.  For user conve-



nience, regulation information is presented and searchable in a



similar manner to that used in the source information data bases



used in the RBLC BBS.  State and local agencies will be able to



add their key rules to this data base as of January 1995.







• Improved data submittal:   A stand-alone,  floppy disk version



of the RBLC edit/data entry program is now available.  The stand-



alone program allows agencies to enter and compile data for new



determination off-line on a PC.  The information can then be sent



to the RBLC electronically by uploading the file through the TTN



BBS,  or by mailing a floppy disk to the RBLC.  This improvement



provides a convenient alternative to the traditional on-line data
                               2-12

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entry or paper copy submittals.







• Improved Statistical Ranking Capabilities:  The RBLC is imple-



menting an on-going program to specify standardized emission



units so that users can fully utilize the statistical ranking



capabilities that are part of the system.  These improvements



allow users to present and rank technology applications according



to their ability to minimize pollution.  In FY94, standardized



emission units affecting nine pollutants and 19 source categories



were established.







     Another planned improvement which would have provided direct



computer-based data transfer between the California Air Resources



Board (CARB) Clearinghouse and the RBLC met with limited success.



A fully compatible system could not be developed in spite of the



best efforts of the RBLC contractor, the CARB and the RBLC



staffs.   However, the stand-alone version of the RBLC noted above



has proved useful and is being used by CARB to facilitate data



submittal.







     The RBLC is also in the process of implementing a number of



additional improvements, including:







• Enhanced Pollution Prevention (P2) Capacity:   The RBLC is en-



hancing its ability to include and search for P2 applications.



This includes the capability for user-initiated standardized



searches on P2 criteria and improved quality of P2 data in the
                               2-13

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current (most recent five years) data base.  These improvement



come on-line in March 1995.







• Data Base Streamlining;  The RBLC is actively reassessing the



need for and use of a number of noncritical data fields currently



in the system.  By the end of 1995, the RBLC will trim extraneous



information fields from the data base to avoid any undue burden



to agencies entering determinations and rules and to encourage



submittals.  This improvement will also help other users by en-



hancing the quality and searchability of RBLC data bases.







• Interactive RBLC Tutor:  The RBLC is developing an interactive



PC program to familiarize new users and refresh long time users



with RBLC capabilities and procedures.







• Improved Statistical Ranking Capabilities:  The RBLC is con-



tinuing its program to specify standardized emission factors so



that users can fully utilize the statistical ranking capabilities



that are part of the system.  These improvements allow users to



present and rank technology applications according to their abil-



ity to minimize pollution.







     In addition, RBLC staff provided information to the New



Source Review Reform Work Group, part of the Clean Air Act Advi-



sory Committee, to facilitate its work.  The Work Group concluded



and the committee recommended that the RBLC be approved and ex-



panded.  Many of the recommendations, if implemented, would make
                               2-14

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the Clearinghouse more comprehensive and complete with regard to



new source permitting actions and emerging emission control tech-



nologies .  Some of these improvements have been or are being



addressed through the efforts indicated above; however, signifi-



cant new resources are required to fully implement many of the



recommendations, especially those dealing with quality control,



completeness, and comprehensiveness of the data base.  These



improvements are beyond the resource capability of the RBLC at



this time.







2.4  Federal Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP)







     Under Title V,  Section 507 of the 1990 CAAA, EPA is required



to provide assistance to the State Small Business Stationary



Source Technical and Environmental Compliance Assistance Pro-



grams.  The Federal SBAP is a coordinated effort among several



                                    existing EPA technical ser-



                                    vice centers, with the CTC
                                    serving as the focal point



                                    for coordination of efforts



among the participating groups, as well as the contact point for



general Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) small business assis-



tance activities.  The Agency's assistance centers associated



with this program include:  the CTC, the Chemical Emergency Pre-



paredness and Prevention Office (CEPPO)  (Emergency Planning and



Community Right-to-Know Information Hotline),  the Pollution Pre-



vention Information Center (PPIC),  and the EPA Small Business
                               2-15

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Ombudsman's (SBO) Hotline.  These centers have expanded their



services to provide support to State and local agency SBAPs which



were to have been fully operational no later than November 1994.



The centers will also be able to assist small businesses in un-



derstanding and complying with CAAA requirements in their respec-



tive program areas.  Federal SBAP activities for FY-94 include:







• Distribution of the brochure "New Regulation Controlling Emis-



sions from Dry Cleaners."  Preparation of similar brochures began



for the "Halogenated Solvent Degreasing" and "Chromium Electro-



plating and Anodizing" NESHAP rules.  Also underway are follow-up



guidebooks that explain options available for compliance,  includ-



ing pollution prevention alternatives, and present example calcu-



lations and example reporting and recordkeeping forms.  Develop-



ment of additional materials will begin in FY95 to accompany the



rules for wood furniture manufacturing, architectural & indus-



trial maintenance coatings, and printing & publishing.







• Participation,  along with EPA's Air Pollution Training Insti-



tute, EPA's Small Business Ombudsman, and the University of Ten-



nessee, in the development and organization of a satellite down-



link teleconference for the dry cleaner industry.







• Sponsorship of the National Small Business Technical Assistance



Conference in Raleigh, NC.  The 1995 meeting will be a joint



effort with EPA's Small Business Ombudsman,  to be held in New



Orleans, LA,  in January.
                               2-16

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• Development of the Small Business electronic bulletin board



(SBAP BBS),  to be available in FY-95 on the OAQPS TTN.  This



system is designed to help State SBAPs share information.







• Working with the Florida SBAP on a project to address environ-



mental auditing, with an emphasis on self-auditing.  This effort



has been coordinated with additional auditing initiatives being



carried out by the Iowa SBAP and the EPA Small Business Ombuds-



man.







• A project (jointly with the CTC)  to evaluate a potential pollu-



tion prevention technology to control emissions from small grain



elevators.  Also participating in this effort are the Emissions,



Monitoring,  and Analysis Division,  as well as the Nebraska air



agency and the Nebraska Small Business Advocate.







• Development of a "Leadership Grants to the State Small Business



Assistance Centers" program to support model projects that empha-



size pollution prevention as the preferred approach, and consider



cross-media impacts.  This effort will be coordinated with EPA's



Pollution Prevention Division, with the grants being awarded in



FY-95.







• Coordination with EPA's Pollution Prevention Division in the



development of a "special agenda" for the State 507 programs at



the November 1994 and April 1995 meetings of the National



Roundtable of State Pollution Prevention Programs.  These ses-
                               2-17

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sions will focus on pollution prevention issues and coordination




with the State pollution prevention programs.








2.5  TECHNICAL PROJECTS








     The CTC initiated 10 projects in FY94.  Appendix A provides



a brief description of these projects.  They include:








• Two program administration/quality control projects designed to



monitor, track, support, and improve the operation of the CTC and



its projects;
• Six engineering assistance projects in re-



sponse to requests received from various State



and local governmental agencies;
• Two technical guidance projects in response to HOTLINE requests



and the need to upgrade existing CTC products.







     Direct engineering assistance projects are initiated when a



State or local agency requests technical assistance in specific



areas (either through the HOTLINE or by written request).   These



projects are usually short-term, taking 6 months to complete, and



involve the evaluation of emissions, emission control technolo-



gies, or pollution prevention methods for certain operations.



Technical guidance projects result from multiple HOTLINE requests



for technical assistance in a particular topical area.  The
                               2-18

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projects are usually long-term, taking about one year to com-



plete, and are applicable to a broad client base.  Except for a



few joint efforts with other agencies, the Center generally con-



ducts both types of projects for governmental clients free of



charge pending the availability of funds.  However, in FY94, the



CTC entered into several joint ventures with other agencies in



order to conserve and leverage limited resources.  Partners in



these joint ventures included the Vermont Agency of Natural Re-



sources, the New York State Department of Environmental Conserva-



tion,  and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.  The



Center will continue to aggressively seek out these joint ven-



tures to leverage its limited project budget.







     The CTC also completed eight technical projects in FY94.



They include four projects initiated in FY94, two projects initi-



ated in FY93,  and two projects initiated prior to FY93.   These



CTC products completed in FY94 address a wide range of issues



including: emissions from combusting scrap tire derived fuel;



analysis of and emissions from the combustion of waste crankcase



oil; emissions from asphalt paving operations; and new and emerg-



ing technologies to treat low concentration VOC/organic HAP air



emission streams.







     The CTC also completed two software upgrades.  The CTC com-



pleted the second upgrade of its popular software tool,  HAP-PRO.



HAP-PRO is a PC-based program that helps users evaluate control



options for HAPs.  The "Municipal Landfill Air Emissions Model"
                               2-19

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upgrade was also completed.  This software helps users estimate


potential emissions from municipal landfills and is designed to


complement the municipal landfill NSPS.  Release of the revised


model is awaiting promulgation of the final rule for municipal


landfills.  A complete list of projects completed in FY93 is


provided in Appendix B.




     Currently the CTC only accepts projects requested by  gov-


ernment agencies (primarily State and local air pollution control


agencies).  Projects requested by "others" (i.e., non-government


clients) are not accepted because, to date, neither cost recovery


procedures required under Section 112(1)(3) of the Clean Air Act


nor Federal funding to conduct such projects has been provided


for this client group.  However, the CTC has entered into several


joint agreements with "others," including:




     1.  An agreement with the Electric Power Research Institute


     (EPRI) to jointly develop PC-based software to evaluate and


     design electrostatic precipitators (ESPs).   The CTC provided


     an existing internal EPA ESP evaluation program and techni-
                                    i

     cal expertise.  EPRI provided programming expertise and


     resources.  A comprehensive ESP design model has been devel-


     oped and is available through the CTC BBS,  free of charge,


     to anyone wishing to download it.  This comprehensive model


     is the property of EPA.  EPRI is still refining a less so-


     phisticated, user-friendly version.  The EPRI version is the


     property of EPRI; however, a licensing agreement between EPA
                               2-20

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     and EPRI will allow the CTC to distribute this version to



     State and local agencies free of charge.







     2.  An agreement with Weatherly, Inc., the distributor of



     The Polyade® FB Process, and Eljer Plumbingware,  Inc., to



     test and evaluate the effectiveness of Weatherly's styrene



     emission control system.  Weatherly provided a Polyade® FB



     control system and transportation,  installation,  operation,



     and removal of the system from the site of the Eljer Plant



     in Wilson, NC.  Eljer provided emissions from its manufac-



     turing process and on-site utilities needed to operate the



     control system.  EPA provided for stack testing and gener-



     ated an independent report evaluating the performance of



     this control system in treating styrene emissions.







     3.  An agreement with QUAD Environmental Technologies, manu-



     facturer of the QUAD Chemtact™ System, and Eljer



     Plumbingware, Inc.,  to test and evaluate the effectiveness



     of QUAD'S styrene emission control system.  The arrangement



     was basically the same as that described in 2, above.







     These projects, especially 2 and 3, above, were very sig-



nificant.  They demonstrated the CTC's ability to work with the



private sector and produce an independent evaluation of emerging



control technology.  Control of styrene, a hazardous air pollut-



ant (HAP),  has been troublesome for more conventional control



systems because of cost or technical feasibility issues.  The CTC
                               2-21

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hopes to continue this type of project because it puts the CTC on



the cutting edge of technology and provides valuable information



to industry and regulatory agencies wrestling with air pollution



control questions.  The CTC would also like to pursue the estab-



lishment of cost reimbursable procedures which may facilitate



future evaluation of emerging technologies and eliminate or mini-



mize CTC costs.







2.6  CTC REPORTS AND SOFTWARE







     Another major CTC technology transfer and support effort is



the distribution of over 130 documents and software tools devel-



oped from CTC technical assistance projects.  Governmental air



pollution control personnel can request copies of CTC technical



guidance tools through the HOTLINE or the BBS.  The



CTC also annually publishes a list of its most recent



resource materials in the "CTC News."  Governmental



clients receive the available reports and software



systems at no charge.   Non-governmental clients receive informa-



tion on ordering these items from the National Technical Informa-



       tion Service (NTIS).  In addition, many of these items



       can be downloaded by both governmental and non-governmen-



       tal personnel through the CTC BBS at the cost of a tele-



       phone call.  The CTC mailed  5,211 technical assistance



reports and computer disks to clients in FY94.   That represents



a 29 percent decrease in hard copy products; however,  many CTC



clients are opting to download products from the CTC BBS instead
                               2-22

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of ordering them.  In FY94, a total of 14,976 CTC product were



provided to CTC clients  (5,211 requests + 9,765 downloads) com-



pared to 12,426 products provided in FY93 (7,371 requests + 5,055



downloads).  Figure 5 compares hard copy vs. BBS download distri-



bution of CTC products.  That represents an overall 20 percent



increase in the amount of CTC products distributed while signifi-



cantly reducing printing/duplication, handling, and mailing



costs.  The increasing number of publications and software dis-



tributed by the CTC each fiscal year is evidence of the respect



that the CTC products have gained.  Titles of CTC reports and



software available through the end of FY94 are listed in



Appendix C.







     The CTC is also using its bulletin board to distribute the



PC program "Solvent Alternative Guide" (SAGE), version 2.0.  This



software tool was developed by staff at APPCD, one of the CTC's



sponsoring organizations.  SAGE is an expert system that helps



the user identify more environmentally friendly solvents by an-



swering basic questions about the product being manufacturing,



the material being dealt with, and the processes involved.  As



noted in the CTC BBS section,  SAGE is a very popular downloadable



item.  About 800 copies were downloaded from the BBS in FY94.  In



addition, disks were provided initially to governmental organiza-



tions which did not have a download capacity.
                               2-23

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                      5,000
                                10,000
15,000
                     Hard Copy CTC Product Requests
                     BBS - CTC Product Downloads
20,000
FIGURE 5.  CTC PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION:  HARD COPY VS.  BBS  DOWNLOADS



2.7  OUTREACH ACTIVITIES



     The CTC publishes the  "CTC News" quarterly to  inform its

audience of available services, the status of  CTC projects,  and

other activities related to air emissions and  control  technology.

It identifies new projects and those nearing completion.   The  CTC

News also highlights EPA staff members who respond

to assistance requests.  The quarterly publication

often solicits from its readers information re-
                                                      CTC Can
                                                      Help You!
lated to ongoing projects or requests  for CTC assistance  and

suggestions of how the program may better serve  their needs.   In

FY94, the "CTC News" reached a mailing list of more  than  5,500

per quarter, a 10 percent increase over the FY93 mailing  rate.
                               2-24

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     In addition to the "CTC News," the Center updates clients


and informs potential users of its services by conducting brief-


ings at EPA regional offices and other locations.  In FY94, the



CTC staff attended workshops and conferences such as:  the SBAP


Technical Assistance Conference, OAQPS Air Toxics Workshop, and


the Air and Waste Management Association Conference.  As appro-


priate, program briefings, seminar and conference presentations,


or interactive displays were used to highlight or promote CTC


program objectives and services.






2.8  INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR


     GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGG)






     The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development


(UNCED),  held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, created an unprec-


edented need for rapid and effective transfer of technology and


information regarding emissions measurement methodology and in-


ventory development, and technology development,  demonstration,


and deployment.  The EPA and the U.S.  technical community have


extensive expertise on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and con-


                    trols.  This will  continue to grow as the


                     global change research  program  progresses.

                   I
                     The  goal of the  ITTCGGG is  to provide ac-


                    cess  to this expertise and to respond  to


incoming requests both domestically and internationally for in-


formation on GHG emissions.
                              2-25

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     A modest program within APPCD has already begun to provide



information on emissions and strategies to a variety of informa-



tion users.  In 1992, ITTCGGG was established in cooperation with



EPA's CTC.  Since its inception in May of 1992, ITTCGGG has re-



ceived hundreds of calls and requests for information.  FY91 and



FY92 funding was applied to developing an EPA report on the tech-



nical options and case studies on landfill gas utilization.  To



date, more than 1,100 copies of this report have been distrib-



uted.  A follow-up report is being developed that contains infor-



mation on landfill gas to energy projects in North America, Eu-



rope, and Australia.  This report provides an overview of the



different philosophies about gas cleanup and energy equipment



modifications for landfill gas utilization.  Information in this



report is being provided through the International Energy Agency



Expert Working Group on Landfill Gas, in which APPCD partici-



pates.  Another accomplishment is APPCD's first symposium on GHG



emissions and mitigation research which was held in Washington,



DC, in August 1992 and was attended by more than 300 partici-



pants.  A second research symposium is planned for the summer of



1995.








     Information on the following subjects is available through



ITTCGGG:








• Landfills and other waste management facilities,  the natural



gas industry,  and coal mining
                               2-26

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• Biomass utilization for energy generation and production of



liquid fuel and for pollution prevention technologies







• Energy conservation and pollution prevention technologies for



residential, commercial, industrial, and utility application.
                              2-27

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2-28

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                            SECTION 3




                        PROGRAM RESOURCES
      The CTC has a small, dedicated staff.   However,  to accom-



plish its mission, the CTC draws from the staff expertise and



talent of its sponsoring organizations,  APPCD and



OAQPS.  Additional resources and expertise are



provided through EPA contractors when appro-



priate and necessary.  This section addresses



the CTC's staff resources and the CTC's contract



budget.
3.1  STAFF RESOURCES







     The sponsoring organizations provide nine staff members to



support CTC activities.  Five of these are EPA employees.  The



remaining four are senior environmental employees working under



an EPA assistance agreement.  Although these nine CTC staff mem-



bers are assigned primarily to the CTC, some of their time is



used to support projects and activities that are part of the



sponsoring organizations'  missions and not part of the CTC pro-



gram.  Also, some of the senior environmental employees work less



than a 40 hour week.  It is estimated that the equivalent of 7.1



person years 'of effort were used to support CTC activities in



FY94.  Table 7 indicates the distribution of staff time among the



CTC's three major components.
                               3-1

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Sponsoring Program
ITPID/OAQPS
APPCD/ORD
TOTAL
CTC Base Program
1.70
2.90
4.60
RBLC
1.20
o.oo -
1.20
SBAP
1.20
0.10
1.30
Total
4.10
3.00
7.10
   TABLE 7. Distribution of CTC Staff Resources (Person Years)








 3.2 PROJECT BUDGET








     The CTC expended $354,000 of its $416,000 budget on engi-



neering assistance and technical guidance projects during FY94.



In fact, all of the budgeted funds had been approved by the CTC



Steering Committee for project work, but an administrative issue



prevented the transfer of needed funds between the sponsoring



organizations.  As a result, two cooperative projects between the



CTC and State agencies were postponed until FY95.    It appears



that the administrative issue which prevented the transfer has



been resolved and should not be a problem in the future.








     The FY94 contract budget represents a 12 percent decrease



from the $475,000 the CTC expended on projects in FY93.   This



amount does not include funding for the Federal SBAP and the



RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse program which have independent fund-



ing.








     More than 89 percent of the FY94 expenditures were used to
                               3-2

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fund technical guidance and engineering assistance projects.  The



remaining expenditures covered CTC administrative costs, such as



publishing the "CTC News," maintaining the CTC HOTLINE database,



and mailing documents.  The program's FY93 administrative costs



of $60,000 decreased to $43,800 in FY94.








     As noted above, the RBLC and the SBAP programs are funded



under separate allotments not directly associated with CTC fund-



ing.   The RBLC expended $100,000 for maintenance and improvements



in FY94.  The Federal SBAP budget was $230,000.  The distribution



of CTC contract resources in FY94 is indicated in Table 8.  Based



on budget trends over the past three years, it is anticipated



that the FY95 budget for the CTC, RBLC,  and SBAP will decrease 10



to 20 percent from  FY94 levels.
Program
CTC Base Program
RBLC
SBAP
Total Contract Resources
Amount (Dollars)
$416,000
$100,000
$230,000
$746,000
            TABLE  8. CTC Contract Resources for FY94
                               3-3

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                            SECTION 4



                       PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT







     In FY94, the CTC planned to begin expanding its capacity to



serve the needs of its clients based on three major EPA initia-



                  tives  — pollution prevention, encouraging new



                  and  innovative technologies, and  intermedia



                  impacts.  This CTC plan for the future goes



                  well beyond FY94.  However, the CTC hoped to



                  make significant strides in.implementing  and



                  attaining these initiatives in the near fu-



ture.  CTC expansion goals,  FY94 accomplishments,  and activities



planned for FY95 and beyond include:







1.   GOAL: Build pollution prevention capacity within the CTC to



     assist SBAPs and other CTC clients.



     FY94: Modified the RBLC to enhance pollution prevention



     information fields, and data search capabilities.



     FY95: Develop contacts with other government centers to



     share information and to establish links with existing pol-



     lution prevention information centers.   Also explore oppor-



     tunities resulting from ORD's reorganization which places



     the ORD part of the CTC in an organizational structure with



     existing P2 capabilities.








2.   GOAL: Expand the CTC BBS to include information on new and



     emerging technologies (both add-on and P2).   This goal also
                               4-1

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     responds to recommendations made by the Clean Air Act Advi-



     sory Committee  for improving the RBLC.



     FY94: Submitted a project proposal under the Environmental



     Technology Initiative  (ETI) for FY95 funding*.



     FY95: Explore other opportunities for partnerships with



     industry and trade associations to develop an innovative



     technology BBS.








3.   GOAL: Expand efforts to conduct new technology assessment



     projects in cooperation with industry.  These projects help



     define the technical and economic feasibility of new tech-



     nologies as they relate to the control or elimination of



     specific waste/emission streams.



     FY94: Submitted a project proposal under the Environmental



     Technology Initiative  (ETI) for FY95 funding*.   The proposal



     targeted assistance to small businesses in their efforts to



     document the effectiveness and cost of technologies they had



     developed.   The CTC also completed a technical guidance



     project identifying and verifying the use of emerging tech-



     nologies to treat low concentration VOC/organic HAP air



     emission streams.



     FY95: Continue to explore opportunities to work with indus-



     try and technology developers to evaluate the performance



     and capabilities of promising emerging technologies.








4.   GOAL:  Explore the development of policy,  procedures,



     guidance,  and rules implementing the "cost recovery" provi-
                               4-2

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     sions of section 112(1)(3) of the CAAA.  This could give the



     CTC and other centers responding to the requirements of this



     section expanded capability to consider and implement



     projects requested by the private sector.



     FY94: Gathered information on the legislative history and



     intent of Section 112(1)(3) and explored similar cost recov-



     ery provisions in the CAA and other statutes.  Also re-



     quested the Office of General Counsel review our findings



     and provide a legal determination and guidance needed to



     develop agency policy on this issue.



     FY95: Pending a response from the Office of General Counsel,



     direct development of agency policy, procedures, and regula-



     tions, as appropriate,  to implement cost recovery provi-



     sions.







5.   GOAL: Develop capacity to consider intermedia implications



     of air pollution control technology applications.



     FY9JL: Conduct preliminary evaluation of resources needed to



     consider intermedia implications of air pollution control



     technologies.



     FY9.5: Explore opportunities resulting from ORD's reorganiza-



     tion which places the ORD part of the CTC in an organiza-



     tional structure with considerable intermedia capabilities.







6.   GOAL: Establish a SBAP BBS to provide an avenue for State



     and local SBAPs and EPA to share materials developed for
                               4-3

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     small businesses.



     FY94: Continued BBS development work and collected materials



     and information on materials  to be provided on the BBS.



     FY95: Make the SBAP BBS operational.







7.   GOAL: Coordinate development  of informational materials



     targeted at small businesses  that will explain, in layman's



     terms, new regulatory requirements as well as applicable P2



     and control options.



     FY94: Distributed informational brochure for dry cleaners



     and began work on brochures and guidebooks for degreasing



     and chromium electroplating rules.  Also began work with the



     Florida SBAP to develop self-auditing guidance for small



     businesses.



     FY95: Complete brochures and  guidebooks started in FY94 and



     initiate new projects, as appropriate,  to address other new



     rules affecting small businesses.







     The CTC also has begun the task of rethinking its mission



and goals in light of new Agency initiatives,  increased custom-



ers, changing customer needs,  and decreasing resources.  The CTC



hopes to complete this effort in FY95 and present options to



OAQPS and APPCD senior management.







*Editor's Note:  During final processing of this report,  the CTC



was notified that projects proposed under the Environmental Tech-



nology Initiative (ETI) for FY95 funding were not approved.
                               4-4

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                            SECTION 5



                           CONCLUSIONS








      The CTC continued to grow in FY94,  but at a slower rate.



In each of the previous three years, access to CTC services more



than doubled that of the previous year.  In FY94, access to CTC



services increased at a more moderate rate of 14 percent.  This



growth was due primarily to the increase in electronic bulletin



board activity by the CTC BBS (45% increase) and the RBLC (13%



increase),  and the continued significant growth in non-government



HOTLINE calls (52% increase).








     Overall CTC HOTLINE activity increased by 31 percent but



showed a significant change in clientele.  Private sector, non-



government agency calls now account for 73 percent of all HOTLINE



calls.  Non-government calls increased by 52 percent over FY93



levels, while calls from government agencies decreased by 4 per-



cent compared to the same period.  Since the passage of the Clean



Air Act Amendments of 1990, calls from government agencies have



leveled off and remained fairly constant, while non-government



calls have risen significantly.








     Requests for hard copies of CTC products decreased by 29



percent, but the total of hard copy requests and electronic down-



loads of CTC products from the CTC BBS and RBLC increased by 20



percent.  This indicates that many CTC customers are opting to



download products rather than request hard copies.  Downloading
                               5-1

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provides almost immediate access to CTC products at a nominal



cost -- the price of the telephone call to the TTN BBS.  The use



of the CTC BBS is being encouraged to reduce printing costs and



resources required to handle and mail documents.








     Virtually all State SBAPs became operational in FY94 and



created a significant demand on the Federal SBAP.  Work continues



on the SBAP BBS which will provide a much needed avenue for State



and local SBAPs and EPA to share material developed to assist



small businesses.  The Federal SBAP, in coordination with EPA's



Small Business Ombudsman (SBO),  also sponsored the National SBO/



SBAP Conference.  Also underway is the development of additional



informational brochures and guideline documents, and technical



assistance projects targeted to help the State SBAP programs and



small businesses affected by EPA regulations.  The Federal SBAP



also began development of "Leadership Grants to State Small Busi-



ness Assistance Centers" to support model projects that emphasize



pollution prevention and multimedia assistance.








     The continued increases in access and use of CTC services



indicate that the CTC is successfully responding to the ever-



increasing demand for air pollution control information.   How-



ever, this level of activity and growth is taxing the CTC's re-



sources and ability to fully respond to customer needs.
                               5-2

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                            APPENDIX A








                CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER PROJECTS



                         STARTED IN FY94








94-1  Administrative Support



     This project covers the maintenance of the CTC data base and



supply of CTC documents and software products.








94-2  Quality Assurance



     This project provided for on-going quality assurance support



by the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD),



National Risk Management Research Laboratory  (NRMRL),  Office of



Research and Development (ORD),  for CTC projects involving sam-



pling and analysis.








94-3  Landfill Model Software Upgrade



     Completed project; see Appendix B.








94-4  Waste Oil Combustion



     Completed project; see Appendix B.








94-5  Copper/Manganese Catalyst  Evaluation



     Completed project; see Appendix B.








94-6  New Technology for Low VOC Streams



     Completed project; see Appendix B.
                               A-l

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94-7  Emissions from Open Burning/Air Curtain Incineration of



Construction Site Clearing Waste



     This project was requested by Broward County, Florida, to



assist them in evaluating the need to regulate the burning of



waste derived from construction site clearing activities.



Broward County provided waste samples.  The APPCD simulated open



burning conditions and tested and analyzed emissions at their



test facility.







94-8  Emissions from Barrel Burners Used for Household Waste



     This project is a cooperative effort requested by the New



York State Department of Health to evaluate emissions from the



combustion of household waste, in barrels or drums,  by residents



in rural areas.  New York is providing waste samples, APPCD is



simulating barrel combustion and collecting emission samples, and



both New York and APPCD are sharing responsibility for sample



analysis.







94-9  Emissions from External Residential Wood Boilers



     This project, requested by the Wisconsin Department of Natu-



ral Resources, evaluates emissions from residential wood-fired



boilers.  These boilers are not covered by existing Federal or



State regulations, according to the WI DNR, and have been the



subject of numerous complaints.  APPCD is conducting test burns



at its wood stove combustion laboratory in representative boilers



to determine potential emissions.   Wisconsin plans on using these



data and other related information in the literature to determine
                               A-2

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if this type of source should be regulated.







94-10 HAP-PRO Software Improvement



     This project will correct deficiencies and upgrade the CTC's



existing HAP-PRO software.  This software is used to evaluate



alternative control measures for treating hazardous air pollut-



ants.  It provides efficiency,  design, and cost information for



nine alternative control systems based on source specific infor-



mation provided by the user.  The improvements will upgrade the



program and the way it interacts with alternative control modules



to facilitate use and future module additions and upgrades.  The



overall system also will be upgraded to provide better overall



operation and improve user-friendliness.
                               A-3

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A-4

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                            APPENDIX B









                CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER PROJECTS




                        COMPLETED IN FY94
91-13 "Pilot Scale Evaluation of the Potential for Emissions of



Hazardous Air Pollutants from Combustion of Tire-Derived Fuel,"



EPA-600/R-94-070, PB94-169463



     Experiments were conducted in a rotary kiln incinerator



simulator to examine and characterize emissions from incineration



of scrap tires.  The purpose of this project was to generate a



profile of target analytes for full-scale stack sampling and give



insight into technical issues and fundamental phenomena related



to controlled combustion of scrap tires.  Overall, it appears



that, with the exception of zinc, potential emissions from tire



derived fuel combustion are not significantly different from



combustion of conventional fossil fuels, when burned in a well-



designed and well operated combustion device.  If unacceptable



particulate loading occurs due to zinc emissions, the emissions



would have to be controlled by an appropriate particulate control



device.







92-14 "Evaluation of Emissions from Paving Asphalts,"



EPA-600/R-94-135, PB95-129110



     This report provides data from pilot-scale measurements of



emissions of specific pollutants from paving asphalts, both with
                               B-l

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and without crumb rubber additives.  The methods used in this



work measured emissions from a static layer of asphalt maintained



for a period of several hours near the highest temperature likely



to be encountered in a real paving operation.  In most cases,



observed concentration levels were near the detection level of



the analytical methods applied.  However, statistically signifi-



cant emissions of benzene and several polycyclic aromatic hydro-



carbons were observed.  Statistically significant emissions of



total particulates and PM10 also were found.







93-4  Argonne National Laboratories (ANL) Development of Air Pol-



lution Compliance Strategy Expert Systems



     The CTC has completed its portion of the joint project with



ANL to develop the conceptual design of an expert system.  The



objective of the system is a decision-making mechanism that will



evaluate the various elements of pollution control and define a



facility control strategy.  It will provide the user with com-



plete information on technology, regulations, costs, and cross-



media impacts.







93-12 "HAP-PRO Version 1.2," EPA-453/B-94-038



     This version of HAP-PRO corrected deficiencies in the ther-



mal and catalytic incineration control modules and upgraded these



modules to an expert system.  Users are now guided through the



input process and alerted when their entries are not within nomi-



nal design and operational parameters for incineration of organic



HAPS and VOC.  The thermal and catalytic modules are two of nine
                               B-2

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alternative control modules available in the HAP-PRO program.



The Carbon Adsorption module had been upgraded previously.  Up-



grading the six other modules will be the subject of additional



CTC projects as time and resources permit.







94-3  "Landfill Air Emissions Model" (Publication/release pending



promulgation of Municipal Landfill NSPS)



     This project upgraded and improved the CTC's existing "Land-



fill Air Emissions Model, version 1.1."  The new model is consis-



tent with the final new source performance standards for munici-



pal landfills,  addresses emissions from both active and closed



landfills, and is more user friendly.







94-4  "Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study,"



EPA-456/R-95-001 (Publication/release pending minor editorial



changes to text and processing through the CTC's administrative



approval procedures.)



     This project was a cooperative effort requested by the State



of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Department of Environmen-



tal Conservation.  The project analyzed and characterized waste



crankcase oil in Vermont; tested emissions from small businesses



that burn waste crankcase oil for space heating; assessed poten-



tial air and health impacts of combusting waste oil; and evalu-



ated existing Vermont regulations relating to waste oil combus-



tion and Vermont air quality standards based on the results of



the study.  The CTC,  through the Source Characterization and



Assessment Group, Emission Monitoring and Analysis Division,
                               B-3

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OAQPS, provided for the testing of sources identified by Vermont.



Vermont accomplished all other tasks, including overall project



management.







94-5  Copper/Manganese Catalyst Evaluation;  Letter report to Alan



Kilmet, Chief, Air Quality Section, North Carolina Department of



Environmental Health and Natural Resources,  from Frank



Princiotta,  Director, Air and Energy Engineering Research Labora-



tory; April 20, 1994.



     This project was requested by the North Carolina Department



of Environmental Health and Natural Resources and accomplished in



cooperation with the U.S. Air Force.  The project evaluated a new



catalytic technology that was being considered by the Air Force



to treat emissions from surface coating aircraft.  North Carolina



requested help from the CTC to determine the technical basis of



this technology and its ability to meet permit requirements.  The



results indicated that no catalytic processes were at work and



that only small emissions reductions from adsorption may be oc-



curring .







94-6  "Survey of Control Technologies for Low Organic Vapor Gas



Streams," EPA-456/R-95-003.(Publication/release pending reformat-



ting of final document and processing through the CTC's adminis-



trative approval process.)



     This project, requested by STAPPA/ALAPCO,  evaluated emerging



air pollution control technologies and their ability to treat low



organic vapor  (VOC and/or organic HAP) concentration, high air
                               B-4

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flow emission streams.  The study concentrated on identifying and



documenting performance and cost of actual industrial applica-



tions of new technology.
                               B-5

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                            APPENDIX C



                    CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER

                       REPORTS AND SOFTWARE
AIR TOXICS

3   (  )    "Evaluation of Potential Emissions of TDI from Two
          Facilities," EPA-450/3-87-022, PB88-120845
5s  (  )    "HAP-PRO,version 1.0" EPA-600/8-91-211a, EPA-600/8-91-211b
          (software); PB92-501212 (manual and software),
          'PB92-135904 (manual only)
9   (  )    "Handbook:  Control Technologies for Hazardous Air
          Pollutants" (HAP Manual),  EPA-625/6-91-014, PB92-141373
          (manual)
13  (  )    "Emission Factors for Iron and Steel Sources—Criteria
          and Toxic Pollutants," EPA-600/2-90-024, PB90-242314
24  (  )    "Source Characterization and Control Technology
          Assessment of MeCl Emissions," EPA-600/2-89-043,
          PB89-224471
36  (  )    "Emission Factors for Iron Foundries—Criteria and Toxic
          Pollutants," EPA-600/2-90-044, PB90-266743
47  (  )    "Benzene Enabling Document," EPA-450/3-90-009,
          PB91-161737
52  (  )    "Determination of Perchloroethylene Content of Waste
          Materials from Filters and Still Bottoms—Conditional
          Test Method" (also on EMTIC BBS)
53  ()    "Evaluation of VOC Emissions from Heated Roofing
          Asphalt," EPA-600/2-91-061, PB92-115286
57  (  )    "Carbon Disulfide Emission Control Options,"
          EPA-450/3-91-023, PB93-124667
59  (  )    High Risk Point Source Documents—List
60  (  )    "Controlling Odorous Emissions from Iron Foundries,"
          EPA-600/R-92-058, PB92-166925
67  (  )    "Air Emissions from the Treatment of Soil Contaminated
          with Petroleum Fuels" EPA-600/R-92-124, PB92-212976
94  (  )    "Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition Samples from
          Easton, PA," EPA-600/R-93-057, PB93-181600
95  (  )    "Alternative Control Technology Document - Carbon
          Reactivation Processes," EPA-453/R-92-019, PB93-180826
100 (  )    "Air Emissions and Control Technology for Leather
          Tanning and Finishing Operations," EPA-453/R-93-025,
          PB94-120219
106 (  )    "Evaluation of Mercury Emissions from Fluorescent Lamp
          Crushing," EPA-453/R-94-018, PB94-175932
113 (  )    "HAP-PRO V.I.2," EPA-453/C-94-038,
114 (  )    "Evaluation of Emissions from Paving Asphalts,"
          EPA-600/R-94-135, PB95-129110
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133 (  )    "HAP-PRO Model User's Manual, Version 2.0,"
          EPA-456/B-94-002, PB95-503181 (software and user
          manual)
COMBUSTION

4   (  )    "Guidelines for Stack Testing at Municipal Waste
          Combustion Facilities," EPA-600/8-88-085, PB88-234893
6   (  )    Chemical and Biological Characterization of Products of
          Incomplete Combustion from the Simulated Field Burning
          of Agricultural Plastic
14  (  )    "Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated
          Burning of Scrap Tires," EPA-600/2-89-054, PB90-126004
19  (  )    "Operation and Maintenance of Hospital Waste
          Incinerators," EPA-450/3-89-002, PB89-190615
20  (  )    "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course:
          Volume I:  Student Handbook," EPA-450/3-89-003,
          PB89-189872  "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training
          Course: Volume II:  Presentation Slides,"
          EPA-450/3-89-004, PB89-189880
43  (  )    "Source Book NO  Control Technology Data,"
          EPA-600/2-91-029, PB91-217364
56  (  )    "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course:
          Volume III:  Instructors Manual," EPA-450/3-89-010
50  (  )    "Radioactive and Mixed Waste Incineration Background
          Information Document,  Volume I:  Technology,"
          EPA-520/1-91-010-1,  PB91-222505; "Radioactive and Mixed
          Waste Incineration Background Information Document,
          Volume II:  Risk of Radiation Exposure,"
          EPA-520/1-91-010-2,  PB91-222513
58  (  )    "Burning Tires for Fuel and Tire Pyrolysis:  Air
          Implications," EPA-450/3-91-024, PB92-145358
66  (  )    "Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated
          Open-Burning of Non-Metallic Automobile Shredder
          Residue," EPA-600/R-93-004
76  (  )    "Mutagenicity of Emissions from the Simulated Open
          Burning of Scrap Rubber Tires," EPA-600/R-92-127,
          PB92-217009
78  (  )    "Evaluation Costing of N0x Controls for  Existing
          Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region,"
          EPA-453/R-92-010, PB93-142016
102 (  )    "Emissions from Burning Cabnet Making Scraps,"
          EPA-600/R-93-213, PB94-130408
105 (  )    "Characterization of Air Emissions from Simulated Open
          Combustion of Fiberglass Materials," EPA-600/R-93-239,
          PB94-136231
108 (  )    "Pilot-Scale Evaluation of the Potential for Emissions
          of Hazardous Air Pollutants  from Combustion of Tire-
          Derived Fuel ," EPA-600/R-94-070, PB94-169463
138( )    "Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions
          Study," EPA-456/R-95-001
                               C-2

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GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER

80  (  )    "Development of an Empirical Model of Methane Emissions
          From Landfills," EPA-600/R-92-037, PB92-152875
81  (  )    "Approach for Estimating Global Landfill Methane
          Emissions," EPA-600/7-91-002, PB91-149534
82  (  )    "Landfill Gas Energy Utilization:  Technology Options
          and Case Studies," EPA-600/R-92-116,  PB92-203116
83  (  }    "Analysis of Factors Affecting Methane Gas Recovery
          From Six Landfills," EPA-600/2-91-055, PB92-101351
84  (  )    "List of Papers and Reports for EPA's Research Program
          on Air Emissions from Landfills and Other Waste
          Management Processes"
85  (  )    "A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Global Methane
          Emissions from Landfills," 1993, EPA-600/J-93-250,
          PB93-212561
86  (  )    "Landfill Gas Recovery/Utilization - Options and
          Economics," 1992, EPA-600/A-92-170, PB92-217066
87  (  )    "Landfill Gas Utilization - Options,  Benefits, and
          Barriers," 1992, EPA-600/A-92-129, PB92-195916
88  (  )    "Emissions and Mitigation at Landfills and Other Waste
          Management Facilities"
120 (  )    "The Coprocessing of Fossil Fuels and Biomass for CO
          Emission Reduction in the Transportation Sector," 1993,
          EPA-600/A-93-109, PB93-194165
121 (  )    "Methane Emissions from Industrial Sources," 1993,
          EPA-600/A-94-089, PB94-174760
123 (  )    "Landfill Gas Utilization - Technical and Non-Technical
          Considerations," March 1994, EPA-600/A-94-139,
          PB94-189651
124 (  )    "Estimate of Methane Emissions from Coal Mines," 1993,
          EPA-600/J-93-249, PB93-212553
125 (  )    "Landfill Gas and Its Influence on Global Climate
          Change," October 1993, EPA-600/A-93-240, PB94-113784
126 (  )    "Methane Emissions from Landfills and Open Dumps,"
          EPA-230/R-93-010
127 (  )    "Methane Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and
          Disposal," EPA-230/R-93-010
128 (  )    "Biomass Gasification Pilot Plant Study; Final Report,"
          EPA-600/R-93-170, PB94-114766
129 (  )    "Demonstration of Fuel Cells to Recover Energy from
          Landfill Gas Phase I Final Report: Conceptual Study,"
          EPA-600/R-92-007, PB92-137520
130 (  )    "Proceedings:  The 1992 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
          Mitigation Research Symposium," EPA-600/R-94-008,
          PB94-132180
131 (  )    "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Landfills,"
          EPA-600/R-94-166, PB94-213519
132 (  )    "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Natural Gas
          Operations," March 1994
135 (  )    "Landfill Gas Utilization - Database of North American
          Projects," EPA-600/A-94-064, PB94-162773
136 (  )    "Technological Considerations for Planning the Global
          Carbon Future," EPA-600/A-93-182, PB93-222008
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RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE

79  (  )    "RACT/BACT/LAER:  A Compilation of Control Technology
          Determinations, Second Supplement to 1990 Edition,"
          EPA 453/R-92-002, PB92-235647
89  ()    "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System  (BLIS)
          User's Manual, EPA-453/B-92-012, PB93-122422
103 (  )    "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System  (BLIS)
          User's Manual, EPA-453/B-93-049, PB94-114402
104 (  )    "RACT/BACT/LAER:  A Compilation of Control Technology
          Determinations, "Volume 1-Third Supplement to the 1990
          Edition", EPA 453/R-93-037a, PB94-111234
          "RACT/BACT/LAER:  A Compilation of Control Technology
          Determinations, "Volume 2-Third Supplement to the 1990
          Edition", EPA 453/R-93-037b, PB94-111572
115 (  )    "RACT/BACT/LAER:  A Compilation of Control Technology
          Determinations, Fourth Supplement to the 1990 Edition,"
          EPA-453/R-94-055, PB94-206729
116 (  )    RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BLIS)
          User's Manual, EPA-453/B-94-072, PB95-166856
117 (  )    RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Flyer

VOC - OTHER SOURCE CATEGORIES

11  (  )    "Assessment of VOC Emissions from Fiberglass Boat
          Manufacturing," EPA-600/2-90-019, PB90-216532
35  (  )    "Soil Vapor Extraction—VOC Control Technology
          Assessment," EPA-450/4-89-017,  PB90-216995
39  (  )    "Control of VOC Emissions from Polystyrene Foam
          Manufacturing," EPA-450/3-90-020, PB91-102111
41s (  )    "Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model,"
          EPA-600/8-90-085a, PB91-167718,  manual;
          EPA-600/8-90-085b, PB91-507541,  software and manual
45  (  )    "Enabling Document for NSPS for Oxidation Process and
          Distillation Operations in SOCMI," EPA-450/3-90-018,
          PB92-161967
46  (  )    "Polymer Manufacturing Industry Enabling Document,"
          EPA-450/3-90-019, PB91-161745
61  (  )    "Assessment of VOC Emissions and Their Control from
          Bakers Yeast Manufacturing Facilities,
          EPA-450/3-91-027, PB92-145408
65  (  )    "The Measurement Solution:  Using a Temporary Total
          Enclosure for Capture Efficiency Testing,"
          EPA-450/4-91-020a, PB92-190271
68  (  )    "Identification and Characterization of Missing or
          Unaccounted for Area Source Categories,"
          EPA-600-R-92-006, PB92-139377
70  (  )    "Control of VOC Emissions from Ink and Paint
          Manufacturing Processes," EPA-450/3-92-013,  PB92-190230
77  (  )    "Control of VOC Emissions from Nonferrous Metal Rolling
          Processes," EPA-453/R-92-001, PB92-227677
93  (  )    "Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery
                               C-4

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          Oven Emissions," EPA-453/R-92-017,PB93-157618
101 (  )    "Intitial Assessment of Emissions from Heat Setting
          Carpet Yarn," EPA-600/R-93-161, PB93-229862
109 (  )    Beyond RACT - DRAFT Report
134 (  }    "Survey of Control Technologies for Low Concentration
          Organic Vapor Gas Streams," EPA-456/R-95-003

VOC - SURFACE COATING/GRAPHIC ARTS

15  (  )    "Ultrasonic Cleaning of Rotogravure Cylinders,"
          EPA-450/3-89-024, PB89-216360
16  (  )    "Reduction of Volatile Organic Emissions from
          Automobile Refinishing," EPA-450/3-88-009, PB89-148282
18  (  )    "Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from
          Traffic Markings," EPA-450/3-88-007, PB89-148274
25  (  )    "Evaluation of Emission Controls at Leeds Architectural
          Products" (Spray Booth Controls),  EPA-450/3-89-001,
          PB90-120106
30  (  )    "Powder Coating Technology Update," EPA-450/3-89-033,
          PB90-127341
38  (  )    "Radiation Curable Coatings," EPA-600/2-91-035,
          PB91-219550
40  (  )    "Best Demonstrated Control Technology for Graphic
          Arts," EPA-450/3-91-008,  PB91-168427
75  (  )    "Alternate VOC Control Technique Options for Small
          Rotogravure and Flexography Facilities"
          EPA-600/R-92-201, PB93-122307
96  (  )    "Automobile Assembly Plant Spray Booth Cleaning
          Emission Reduction Technology Review,"
          EPA-453/R-94-029, PB94-206257
110 (  )    Lithographic Printing ACT
111 (  )    DRAFT Model Rule for Wood Furniture

WASTEWATER/GROUNDWATER TREATMENT

1   (  )    "Air Stripping of Contaminated Water Sources—Air
          Emissions and Controls," EPA-450/3-87-017, PB88-106166
12s( )    "Surface Impoundment Modeling Systems (SIMS) Version
          2.0 Users' Manual," EPA-450/4-90-019a, PB91-156711 and
          "Background Document for Surface Impoundment Modeling
          System (SIMS) Version 2.0," EPA-450/4-90-019b,
          PB91-156729 PB91-506911 (Manual),  PB 91-506998
          (software, Manual and Background),
26  (  )    "ASPEN Expert System for Steam Stripping Calculations:
          Users' Manual," EPA-450/3-90-003
28  (  )    "Control Technology Assessment for Air Emissions from
          Wastewater Treatment," EPA-450/3-89-008, PB89-207922
31  (  )    "Industrial Wastewater VOC Emissions—Background for
          BACT/LAER," EPA-450/3-90-004, PB90-194754
32  (  )    "Comparisons of Air Stripper Simulations and Field
          Performance Data," EPA/450/1-90-002, PB90-207317
33  (  )    "Air Stripper Design Manual, Air/Superfund National
                               C-5

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          Technical Guidance," EPA-450/1-90-003,  PB91-125997

WOOD PRODUCTS

2   (  )    "Evaluation of Emission Sources at a Waferboard
          Manufacturing Plant," EPA-450/3-87-021, PB88-107735
8   (  )    "Evaluation of Emission Factors for Formaldehyde from
          Certain Wood Processing Operations," EPA-450/3-87-023,
          PB88-118492
22  (  )    "Evaluation of Emission Sources from Creosote Wood
          Treatment Operations," EPA-450/3-89-028,  PB89-224729
27  (  )    "Evaluation of Emission Control Devices at Waferboard
          Plants," EPA-450/3-90-002, PB90-131442
51  (  )    "Evaluation of Air Toxic Emissions at Minnesota's
          Reconstituted Panelboard Plants," EPA-450/3-91-009

MISCELLANEOUS

29  (  )    "Affordability Analysis of Lead Emission Controls for a
          Smelter-Refinery," EPA/450-3-90-001, PB90-120122
37  (  )    "Test Report: Method Development & Evaluation of Draft
          Protocol for Measurement of Condensibles,"
          EPA-450/4-90-012, PB90-240805
42  (  )    "Assessment of the Controllability of Condensible
          Emissions," EPA-600/8-90-075, PB91-125807
55  (  )    Control Technology Center Program Operating Manual
63  (  )    "OAQPS Cost Control Manual," EPA-450/3-90-006,
          PB90-169954
64  (  )    "OAQPS Cost Control Manual-Supplement,"
          EPA-450/3-90-006a, PB92-137181
69  (  )    "Managing Chemicals Safely, Putting It All Together,"
          EPA-510-K-92-001
71  (  )    "The Clean Air Act of 1990:  A Guide for Small
          Businesses," EPA 450/K-92-001
74  (  )    "Electrostatic Precipitator V-I and Performance Model:
          User's Manual," EPA-600/R-92-104a, PB92-169614
90  (  )    "OAQPS Cost Control Manual-Supplement 2,"
          EPA/450/3-90-006b, PB93-138147
92  (  )    "A Guidebook for Explaining Environmental Regulations
          to Small Businesses," EPA 453/B-93-023, PB94-120334
97  (  )    SAGE 2.0, "Solvent Alternative Giude,  User's Guide,"
          EPA-600/R-94-069, PB94-501764
98  (  )    CTC NEWS - most recent issue
99  (  )    "Evaluation of the Polyad® With FB Air Purification &
          Solvent Recovery Process for Styrene Removal,"
          EPA-600/R-93-212, PB94-130317
107 (  )    "OAQPS Cost Manual-Supplement 3, Hoods, Duct Work,
          Stacks," EPA-450/3-90-006C, PB94-177565
112 (  )    "Oil Suppression of Particulate Matter at Grain
          Elevators," EPA-453/R-94-049
                               C-6

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                              (Please read Instructions on reverse before completing)
 i. REPORT NO.
    EPA-456/R-95-004
                                                                 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    Annual Report - Control Technology Center
    FY94: Summary of Program Accomplishments
                 5. REPORT DATE
                   July 1995
                                                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
  Robert J. Blaszczak (MD-12), CTC/rTG/TTPID
  OAQPS Co-Chair, U.S. EPA, RTF, NC 27711  (919) 541-5432
                                                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Information Transfer & Program Integration Division, Office of
 Air Quality Planning and Standards, and Air Pollution Prevention
 & Control Division, National Risk Management Research
 Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC
 27711
                                                                  10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Research and
 Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                                  13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                 EPA/200/04
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   The APPCD CTC Co-Chair is Charles H. Darvin, MD-91, (919) 541-7633.
 16. ABSTRACT
 The report summarizes the fiscal year activities and accomplishments of the EPA's Control Technology
 Center (CTC), located in Research Triangle Park, NC, and sponsored by EPA Air Pollution Prevention
 & Control Division and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.  CTC services were accessed
 35,000 times during the year.  This includes HOTLINE calls, access to computer bulletin boards and
 data bases, and requests for CTC products.  Overall use of CTC services increased  14%  over FY93.
 The report discusses program activities and outreach efforts during FY94 to provide service to the
 CTC's growing client list.  It also examines strategies to maintain the CTC's continued success in
 providing technical assistance in air pollution prevention and control to both government  air pollution
 control agencies and the private sector.
 17.
                                     KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                   DESCRIPTORS
                                                b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                                    c. COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution, Information Centers, Data, Technical
 Reports, Computer Programs
Air Pollution Prevention, Air
Pollution Control, Stationary
Sources, Technical Assistance Data
Bases, Electronic Bulletin Boards
13B, 05B,  14G,
09B
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


   Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Report)
   Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
  81
                                                20. SECURITY CLASS (Page)
                                                   Unclassified
                                                                                    22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE

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