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July 1995
Air
EPA ANNUAL REPORT
Control Technology Center
FY94: Summary of Program
Accomplishments
control
technology center
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EPA-456/R-95-004
ANNUAL REPORT
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER
FY94: SUMMARY OF PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Sponsored by:
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
and
Information Transfer and Program Integration Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Air and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
July 1995
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NOTICE: NAME CHANGE IN SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) and the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) reorganized in FY95 prior to comple-
tion of this report. As a result, the names of the Control Tech-
nology Center's (CTC's) sponsoring organizations within these
offices have changed as follows:
for ORD
- former sponsoring organizational unit
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL),
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration (OEETD), ORD
- current sponsoring organizational unit
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD),
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), ORD;
for OAR
- former sponsoring organizational unit
Emission Standards Division (BSD),
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
- current sponsoring organizational unit
Information Transfer and Program Integration Division (ITPID),
OAQPS.
To minimize confusion and to ensure that the CTC is cor-
rectly identified within EPA's existing organizational structure,
this report uses the names of current organizational units, as
indicated above, when referring to CTC sponsors.
11
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PREFACE
The Control Technology Center (CTC) is a cooperative effort
between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR), Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS), Information Transfer and Program Integration
Division (ITPID), and the Office of Research and Development
(ORD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Air
Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD). The CTC pro-
vides technical assistance and technology transfer to State and
local air pollution control agencies and to EPA's regional of-
fices on air pollution control technology and pollution preven-
tion applications. It also provides technical information to
other governmental agencies, both foreign and domestic, and to
private entities on a limited basis. Incorporated under the CTC
umbrella are the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), technical
support for the Federal Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP),
and the International Technology Transfer Center for Global
Greenhouse Gases (ITTCGGG).
The CTC produced this report to inform EPA management,
staff, and other interested individuals of the status and activi-
ties of the CTC in supporting the Nation's air quality program.
This report summarizes CTC projects and other program activities
conducted between October 1, 1993, and September 30, 1994. Also
program statistics are presented and analyzed to allow the EPA
management staff to evaluate the Center's progress and effective-
111
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ness. Finally, the report documents the demand for CTC support
activities from businesses and governmental agencies.
Co-Chair _
» r
National Risk Management Charles H. Darvin Date
Research Laboratory - RTF
Co-Chair
/ '/7f /y/7 ^^
RobertKj. BlitSiefza]
Office of Air Quality Robert^J. Blasaefzak Date
Planning and Standards
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
PREFACE iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii
INTRODUCTION xiii
SUMMARY OF CTC ACTIVITY xiii
CTC PROGRAM SERVICES xiv
CTC HOTLINE xiv
CTC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM xiv
RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE xvi
FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM xvii
ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE and TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS xviii
CTC PRODUCTS xviii
OUTREACH ACTIVITIES xix
INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES xix
RESOURCES xx
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT XX
SUMMARY xxi
v
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CONTENTS (continued)
Section gaae
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 PROGRAM STATUS AND ANALYSIS 2-1
2.1 CTC HOTLINE 2-1
2.2 CTC Bulletin Board System (BBS) 2-6
2.3 RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse 2-9
2.4 FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SBAP). 2-15
2.5 TECHNICAL PROJECTS 2-18
1 2.6 era REPORTS AND SOFTWARE 2-22
2.7 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES 2-24
2.8 INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES 2-25
3.0 PROGRAM RESOURCES 3-1
3.1 STAFF RESOURCES 3-1
3.2 PROJECT BUDGET 3-2
4.0 -PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 4-1
5.0 CONCLUSIONS 5-1
APPENDIX A - CTC PROJECTS STARTED IN FY94 A-l
APPENDIX B - CTC PROJECTS COMPLETED IN FY94 B-l
APPENDIX C - CTC REPORTS AND SOFTWARE C-l
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. HOTLINE Calls by Pollutant 2-5
2. Top HOTLINE Call Topics 2-6
3. CTC BBS Activity 2-7
4. CTC BBS Most Popular Downloadable Items 2-7
5. RBLC Access Activity 2-10
6. RBLC Most Popular Downloadable Items 2-12
7. Distribution Of CTC Staff Resources (Person Years) . . . 3-2
8. CTC Contract Resources for FY94 3-3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. CTC Activity Expansion FY90 - FY94 2-2
2. Increase in CTC HOTLINE Calls FY90 - FY94 2-4
3. CTC BBS User Access 2-8
4. RBLC User Access 2-11
5. CTC Product Distribution: Hard Copy vs. BBS Downloads . . 2-24
VII
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACT Alternative Control Techniques
AEERL Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
(now APPCD)
ALAPCO Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials
ANL Argonne National Laboratories
APPCD Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
(formerly AEERL)
BACT Best Achievable Control Technology
BBS Bulletin Board System
BLIS RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System
CAA Clean Air Act
CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
CARB California Air Resources Board
CEPPO Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
CERI Center for Environmental Research Information
(now TTSD)
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CTC Control Technology Center
CTG Control Techniques Guideline
DOE Department of Energy
EMTIC Emission Measurement Technical Information Center
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
BSD Emission Standards Division
Vlll
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
ETI Environmental Technology Initiative
FY Fiscal Year
GGG Global Greenhouse Gases
GHG Greenhouse Gases
HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant
HC1 Hydrogen Chloride
HF Hydrogen Fluoride
ITG Information Transfer Group
ITPID Information Transfer and Program Integration Division
ITTCGGG International Technology Transfer Center for Global
Greenhouse Gases
LAER Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
NRMRL National Risk Management Research Laboratory
NTIS National Technical Information Service
NTTC National Technology Transfer Center
OAQPS Office of Air Quality' Planning and Standards
OAR Office of Air and Radiation
ORD Office of Research and Development
P2 Pollution Prevention
IX
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
PC Personal Computer
PM Particulate Matter
PM10 Particulate Matter Equal to or Less Than 10 /Jin in
Diameter
PPIC Pollution Prevention Information Center
RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology
RBLC RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
SAGE Solvent Alternatives Guide
SBAP Small Business Assistance Program
SBO Small Business Ombudsman
SIC/SCC Standard Industrial Classification/Source
Classification Codes
SIP State Implementation Plan
STAPPA State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators
TTN Technology Transfer Network
TTSD Technology Transfer and Support Division
(formerly CERI)
UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Control Technology Center (CTC) acknowledges the efforts
of all those who have contributed to the program's success. The
Center especially recognizes staff members from the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) and National Risk Manage-
ment Research Laboratory (NRMRL), who have enthusiastically re-
sponded to requests for assistance. The CTC Steering Committee
and Advisory Work Group also have provided crucial support and
guidance for the program's development. Representatives from
OAQPS, NRMRL, the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Offi-
cials (STAPPA/ALAPCO), and EPA's Technology Transfer and Support
Division (formerly CERI) comprise the Advisory Work Group.. The
CTC also acknowledges the support and confidence shown by its
many governmental and non-governmental clients. These clients
have used the program's services with increasing frequency and
have recommended the CTC to their colleagues in the air pollution
control community.
XI
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Control Technology Center (CTC) services were accessed ap-
proximately 35,000 times in FY94, which is a 14 percent increase
over activity experienced in FY93. This activity includes HOT-
LINE calls, access to computer bulletin board systems (BBSs) and
databases, and requests for CTC products. This report summarizes
the CTC's activities and accomplishments during FY94 and examines
strategies to sustain this dynamic program.
SUMMARY OF CTC ACTIVITY
The following table indicates CTC activity in FY94 and the
change in activity from FY93.
SUMMARY OF CTC FY94 ACTIVITIES
Activity
HOTLINE Calls - Government
HOTLINE Calls - Non-Government
HOTLINE Calls - Total
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse BBS (RBLC)
CTC BBS
Number of CTC Documents Requested
Total CTC Accesses
FY93
1,258
2,095
3,353
11,561
8,480
7,371
30,765
FY94
1,208
3,179
4,387
13,098
12,291
5,211
34,987
Change ( % )
-4
52
31
13
45
-29
14
Xlll
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CTC PROGRAM SERVICES
A brief summary of CTC services and activities follows. The
flow diagram on the next page graphically depicts CTC activities
and coordination. More detailed information on each activity is
provided in Section 2 of this report.
CTC HOTLINE
The CTC's telephone HOTLINE provides quick access to EPA
expertise and information. In FY94 HOTLINE activity
increased by 31 percent, about a 41 percent in-
crease in the rate of growth experienced in FY93.
State, local, and federal government agency calls
decreased slightly, but non-government HOTLINE calls continued to
rise significantly and now represent 72 percent of all HOTLINE
calls. This reverses the overall leveling off trend of HOTLINE
activity experienced over the last few years which had been at-
tributed to the growing popularity of CTC's electronic bulletin
board systems (BBSs).
CTC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM
The CTC BBS completed its third full year of service with a
45 percent increase in activity. The BBS supplements other CTC
services. It allows users to download CTC prod-
ucts, request assistance, suggest projects, order
hard copies of CTC products, or leave messages for
other users. In FY94, nearly 58 percent of all
users accessing the CTC BBS downloaded CTC
xiv
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CTC PROGRAM OPERATION
c
Federal, Regional, State, & Local Gov. Agencies/General Public/
Foreign Gov. Agencies/Private Companies/Academia
ro
en
12,000/yr
CTC BBS
7,000 Products
Downloaded
13,000/yr
RBLC BBS
3,000 Products
Downloaded
Coming in
FY95
Note: All numbers are
rounded off and indicate
FY94 activity.
35,000/yr
CTC/RBLC/SBAP
3,000/yr
Correspondence
•>( CTC Hotline]
SBAP BBS K- - -
t
!
EPA ExpertiseJ4-
2,000/yr
Products (documents,
tools, etc.)
\
Legend
CTC ControlTcchnology Center
EMDC Emission Measurement
Technical Information Center
CEPPO Chemical Emergency
Preparedness & Prevention
Office
fTTCGGG InternationalTechnology
Transfer Center for Global
Greenhouse Gases
NRMRL National Risk Management
Research Laboratory
OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards
PPIC Pollution Prevention
Information Center
RBLC RACT/BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse
SBAP Small Business Assistance
Program
1,500/yr
1,500/yr
??
??
10/yr
99
— >
ft
V
»
OAQPS Staff J
NRMRL Staff ]
— K ITTCGGG ]
— >[ Tech. Assist. Projects] ,
V
/^TO/ODAD/DOI f*
CTC Staff
PPIC j
EMTIC ]
CEPPO ]
Other EPA
Offices
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products compared to 33 percent in FY93. The BBS is part of the
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN) and may be accessed 24
hours per day by anyone with a personal computer equipped with a
modem and appropriate software.
RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE
The RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) is a repository for
State and local agency control technology determinations. It can
be easily accessed, by anyone with a personal com-
puter equipped with a modem and communications
software, for the price of a telephone call. Dur-
ing FY94, the RBLC was accessed 13,098 times,
representing a 13 percent increase over FY93.
The RBLC also completed a number of improvements in FY94. These
include: a new Regulation Data Base (NSPS, NESHAP, and MACT stan-
dards); a stand-alone, floppy disk version of the RBLC edit/data
entry program to facilitate data submittal; and improved statis-
tical data ranking capabilities to compare technology applica-
tions .
The RBLC is also in the process of implementing a number of
additional improvements to be completed in FY95. These include:
enhanced pollution prevention (P2) capacity; data base streamlin-
ing; an interactive RBLC tutorial to help new users; and addi-
tional improvements to statistical ranking capabilities.
Some of the improvements indicated above address recommenda-
tions made by the New Source Review Reform Work Group of the CAA
xvi
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Advisory Committee. However, full implementation of recommenda-
tions dealing with quality control and the completeness and com-
prehensiveness of the data base is beyond the capabilities of the
RBLC at current resource levels.
FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
The Federal SBAP provides technical support to and coordina-
tion with State SBAPs as required by section 507 of the CAA. The
CTC is one of the primary
technical^.support centers
supporting the Federal SBAP.
Other centers include the
Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO),
the Pollution Prevention Information Center (PPIC), and the EPA
Small Business Ombudsman's (SBO) Office.
In FY94 the Federal SBAP undertook a variety of activities
to provide the State SBAPs with materials and resources to assist
small businesses in compliance with CAA requirements. This
ranged from plain-English guidebooks to satellite downlink broad-
casts. Another important activity of the Federal SBAP is to
facilitate communication among the State SBAPs and EPA. To im-
prove this communication, the National Small Business Technical
Assistance Conference was held in Raleigh, NC, in January 1994,
and work was started on the Small Business electronic bulletin
board (SBAP BBS). The SBAP BBS will be available on the OAQPS
TTN in FY95.
XVII
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ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE AND TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS
The CTC funded 10 new technical guidance or engineering
assistance projects during FY94. Most of these projects resulted
from HOTLINE and written requests for technical assistance from
State and local agencies. Three of these are joint ventures with
State agencies which have allowed the CTC to
conserve and leverage limited resources. In
addition, the CTC completed eight projects cov-
ering a wide range of air pollution issues (two
of these were initiated in FY94). They include
evaluations of potential emissions from asphalt
paving operations, combustion of scrap tire derived fuel and
waste crankcase oil, new and emerging technologies for treating
low concentration VOC/organic HAP emissions, and updates to CTC
PC software for evaluating HAP control options and municipal
landfill emissions.
CTC PRODUCTS
As part of its technology transfer effort, the CTC distrib-
uted 5,211 reports and software tools that resulted from CTC
projects. That represents a 29 percent decrease in hard copy
products; however, many CTC clients are opting to download
products from the CTC BBS instead of ordering them. In
FY94, a total of 14,976 CTC products were pro-
vided to CTC clients (5,211 requests + 9,765
downloads) compared to 12,426 products pro-
vided in FY93 (7,371 requests + 5,055 downloads).
xvm
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That represents an overall 20 percent increase in the amount of
CTC products distributed while significantly reducing printing/
duplication, handling and mailing cost.
OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
The CTC conducted several outreach activities
during FY94. More than 5,500 copies of CTC's
quarterly bulletin, *CTC News,* were mailed to
CTC clients each quarter in FY94. In addition,
the CTC participated in the Air and Waste Management Association
national conference and several EPA workshops.
INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGG)
The ITTCGGG, a service provided by the APPCD, is linked to
the CTC HOTLINE and product distribution activities. It provides
technology transfer concerning greenhouse gas emissions. To
date, modest funding has been provided to
develop technology transfer tools for waste
methane sources. The initial emphasis was on
landfill methane because of soon-to-be-final emission rules for
municipal solid waste landfills. Further highlights in the area
include plans for a research symposium on greenhouse gas emis-
sions planned for summer 1995. Technical assistance and informa-
tion are available on landfills and other waste management
sources, coal mines, the natural gas industry, small-scale com-
bustion services (including coal stoves), and biomass utilization.
xix
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RESOURCES
The CTC's budget for engineering assistance and technical
guidance projects during FY94 was $416,000. This amount is a 12
percent decrease from the $475,000 budgeted in FY93 on projects.
This does not include funding for the Federal SBAP
and the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) pro-
gram. These programs are funded under separate
allotments not directly associated with CTC
funding. The Clearinghouse expended $100,000 for
CTC
maintenance and improvements in FY94. The Federal SBAP's budget
was $230,000 to fund SBAP projects, informational material, de-
velop a SBAP BBS, and to hold a national SBAP conference.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
The CTC is planning and implementing a number
of initiatives including the following: build-
ing pollution prevention capacity; developing a
new technologies electronic bulletin board;
expanding cooperative projects with industry;
developing cost recovery procedures under section
112(1)(3) of the Clean Air Act; developing capacity to evaluate
intermedia impacts of air pollution control technology applica-
tions; establishing a SBAP BBS to facilitate coordination and
exchange of small business materials among State SBAPs and EPA;
and coordinating development of information targeted at small
businesses.
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SUMMARY
The CTC continues to experience growth and program expan-
sion. Although growth has moderated from the doubling of activ-
ity experienced in each of the previous three years, coping with
even moderate growth and increases in customer demands represents
a significant challenge as resources continue to decline. The
CTC continues to explore emerging information transfer options
that may be able to absorb growing customer needs without sig-
nificantly impacting available resources.
The best indicator of CTC program success is still client
use and access of CTC services. Although the rate of growth
moderated considerably in FY94, a 14 percent increase was real-
ized. Customer access to CTC services now exceeds 35,000 per
year. This number does not adequately represent Federal SBAP
assistance and coordination efforts in support of State SBAPs.
SBAP program coordination and assistance has grown considerably,
but a system to adequately measure the total number of accesses
by State SBAP customers is not in place and, therefore, not in-
cluded in the overall CTC program activity level.
xxi
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XXI1
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the operation and accomplishments of
the Control Technology Center (CTC) during FY94, its eighth suc-
cessful year of operation. The report documents the program's
efforts during this period to respond to increased demands for
technical assistance and information from the pollution control
community. It also discusses the growth and evolution of the CTC
since its conception in 1987, as well as its efforts and plans to
meet client needs in the future.
CTC program responsibilities include the RACT/BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse (RBLC) and technical support to the Federal Small
Business Assistance Program (SBAP) in addition to the Center's
basic technical assistance/information transfer activities. The
CTC also acts as a contact point for and distribution center of
products prepared by the International Technology Transfer Center
for Global Greenhouse Gases (ITTCGGG).
The CTC was originally established to support the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Air Toxics Strategy. The
strategy called for State and local agencies to assume regulatory
responsibilities for toxic air pollutants, with the EPA providing
technical assistance to support their efforts. In response,
EPA's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD) and
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) devel-
1-1
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oped and implemented an innovative technology assistance and
transfer program - - the CTC. In addition to supporting State
and local agency air toxics programs, the CTC also was charged
with providing technical assistance to these agencies on volatile
organic compound (VOC) control issues to support their efforts to
attain the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) for
ozone.
The CTC's mission has expanded significantly over time. CTC
staff have had responsibility for the overall RBLC program as an
independent program activity since the CTC's inception; however,
the interdependent relationship which developed between the CTC
and RBLC proved to be extremely beneficial to both programs. The
RBLC became an important tool in responding to CTC client re-
guests for technical assistance about control technology and
pollution prevention applicability and performance. At the same
time, the CTC's technical assistance role proved to be a logical
response to RBLC clients in need of more in-depth technical as-
sistance. The expansion of the RBLC to include Reasonably Avail-
able Control Technology (RACT), as required by the 1990 Clean Air
Act Amendments (CAAA), also resulted in a more interconnected
relationship between these activities. Collecting and dissemi-
nating RACT information to State and local agencies supports
efforts to attain the ozone NAAQS, which has been and continues
to be an essential part of the CTC's mission. As a result, the
CTC and the RBLC now function as one integrated program.
1-2
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The CAAA also effected other significant changes. The most
critical change was the extension of CTC services to non-govern-
mental clients. The private sector now accounts for about 65
percent of the CTC's activities. In addition, because of its
well-established role in assisting State and local agencies, EPA
decided to make the CTC one of the primary technical support
centers supporting the Federal SBAP required by section 507 of
the CAA. The Federal SBAP provides technical support and coordi-
nation to State SBAPs.
New and emerging EPA policy and regulations and the changing
needs of CTC clients require that the CTC continue to adapt and
change. The CTC continues its efforts to expand pollution pre-
vention capacity within its program and provide access to infor-
mation on new and emerging technologies. As part of this effort
to adapt and change, the Center proposed an innovative technol-
ogy/pollution prevention information transfer system under the
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI) program to provide
quick and timely information exchange among developers, vendors,
industry, and regulatory agencies*. The CTC also needs to de-
velop capacity to consider cross-media implications of air pollu-
tion control applications, and the ability to work with industry
in assessing new and emerging technologies.
*Editor's Note: During final processing of this report, the CTC
was notified that projects proposed under the Environmental Tech-
nology Initiative (ETI) for FY95 funding were not approved.
1-3
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1-4
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SECTION 2
PROGRAM STATUS AND ANALYSIS
All CTC program services continue to increase in activity
except the number of requests for paper and floppy disk copies of
CTC products. The total number of direct accesses to CTC ser-
vices in FY94 was about 35,000, a 14 percent increase over FY93.
This total includes HOTLINE, BBS, and RACT/BACT/LAER Clearing-
house activity, and product requests from CTC clients.
The decrease in the number of paper and floppy disk product
requests is inversely related to an increase in the number of
electronic versions of new CTC products downloaded from the CTC
and RBLC BBSs. Therefore, it is apparent that CTC clients are
downloading electronic versions of CTC products instead of order-
ing hard copies. In fact, the total number of CTC products pro-
vided to CTC customers increased from 12,426 (7,371 requests +
5,055 BBS downloads) in FY93 to 14,976 (5,211 requests + 9,765
BBS downloads) in FY94. Figure 1 summarizes the expansion of CTC
activity over the last five years.
2.1 The CTC HOTLINE
The CTC operates a telephone HOTLINE service staffed by
technical experts from the sponsoring organizations. The HOTLINE
provides callers with quick access to EPA air pollu-
tion control expertise during regular business
hours (7:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. eastern time). Most
2-1
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KJ
NJ
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Total HOTLINE •
RBLC •
CTC BBS •
Hard Products •
Elec. Products EH
FY90
1,097
840
0
2,000
0
FY91
2,068
1,400
866
4,000
0
FY92
2,750
1,917
4,440
5,899
95
FY93
3,353
11,561
8,480
7,371
5,055
FY94
4,387
13,098
12,291
5,211
9,765
Note: Electronic products downloaded from the CTC and RBLC BBS are not included on the graph since they
represent part of the overall activity already indicated for the BBSs. However, the table indicates a
significant change in how customers acquire products and a significant increase in the overall demand for
CTC products (hardcopy and electronic). See Section 2.6, CTC Reports and Software, for more information.
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simple technical assistance requests can be addressed immediately
by CTC staff. When a more detailed analysis or evaluation of a
request is required, it is referred to an expert in the particu-
lar field.
The CTC initiated its computer tracking system for HOTLINE
calls in FY87. Computer data and other early CTC records show a
continued growth over the program's 8-year history. The HOTLINE
received 4,387 calls for assistance in FY94 (this figure does not
include telephone requests for CTC products). This represents an
overall increase in HOTLINE activity of 31 percent, about a 41
percent increase in the rate of growth experienced in FY93. This
reverses the overall leveling off trend of HOTLINE activity expe-
rienced over the last few years which had been attributed to the
growing popularity of CTC's electronic bulletin board systems
(BBSs). In FY94, both HOTLINE and BBS activity increased at a
similar rate.
For the second consecutive year and the second time since
the CTC began its HOTLINE, calls from State, local, and federal
government agencies decreased slightly. Hotline calls from
government agencies totaled 1,208 in FY94 compared to 1,258 in
FY93 (-4 percent). The decrease is virtually identical to that
experienced between FY92 and FY93 and appears to be the culmina-
tion of a gradual leveling off in government calls that has been
experienced in recent years. However, overall access to CTC
services by government customers through the HOTLINE, RBLC, and
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CTC BBS continued to rise. For FY92, FY93, and FY94, the overall
access to these three CTC services by government customers was
3,946, 8,342, and 10,562, respectively.
Non-government callers now represent 73 percent of all HOT-
LINE calls. Non-government HOTLINE calls increased from 2,095 in
1993 to 3,179 this year. This is a 51 percent increase over FY93
activity. Since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA)
required that the CTC make it services available to others (i.e.,
other than government agencies) through FY93, the number of addi-
tional non-government calls each year had been constant and the
rate of increase in these calls had been declining. In FY94 this
trend changed significantly; that is, the rate of increase
doubled compared to the FY93 rate.
Figure 2 shows the increase in HOTLINE calls over the past 5
fiscal years and the impact of private calls on the totals.
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
Hotline - Gov. fi Hotline - Non Gov.
FIGURE 2. INCREASE IN CTC HOTLINE CALLS FY90 - FY94
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Due to problems with the data base for non-government calls
(lost data), an analysis of major topics of HOTLINE calls for
technology assistance was limited to the governmental sector.
The top five HOTLINE pollutant topics accounted for 76 percent of
all calls that indicated a pollutant (See Table 1).
Pollutant
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
Particulate Matter (PM/PM10)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Sulfur Compounds
Total for Top Five Pollutants
Percent of
Calls
33%
22%
10%
8%
3%
76%
TABLE 1. HOTLINE CALLS BY POLLUTANT
Subject/process area requests were very scattered, but 19
percent dealt with CTC products or activities (i.e., the RBLC and
CTC program and products). The top five technical topics ad-
dressed printing and surface coating, emission factors, the Sol-
vents Alternative Guide (SAGE), Emission Standards, and Control
Technique Guidelines (CTGs). Table 2 presents the top 25 topics.
2-5
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CTC Program & Products
Printing & Coating Industry
RBLC
Emission Factor
SAGE
Emission Standards
CTGs
Solvents
Boilers/Power Plants
Incineration
Emission Testing
Non-CTC EPA Products
Chemical Industry
12%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
3%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
Control Technology (general)
Clean Air Act
1C Engines /Turbines
Kilns
Asphalt
Wood Products
Waste Water Treatment
SBAP
Fugitive Dust
Operating Permits
Degr easing
Iron & Steel
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
TABLE 2. TOP HOTLINE CALL TOPICS
2.2 The CTC Bulletin Board System (BBS)
The CTC initiated an electronic.BBS in August 1991. The
system supplements the HOTLINE service which is provided only
during normal business hours. The BBS system is operated and
maintained by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) Technology Transfer Network (TTN) BBS and can be accessed
via a personal computer (PC) equipped with commu-
nication software and a modem. The BBS operates
24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except for routine
maintenance on Mondays between 8:00 a.m. and
noon eastern time. The BBS allows the user to
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access CTC-generated technical reports and software, which may be
downloaded to the user's PC. The user may also solicit input
from other users by posting questions and requests on the BBS.
In FY94, the CTC BBS was accessed 12,291 times. That repre-
sents a 34 percent increase in activity over FY93 . As with the
CTC HOTLINE, non-government access to the BBS represents the
largest share of use (58 percent). About 58 percent of all BBS
accesses result in a download of a CTC report or CTC software, a
76 percent increase over FY93. Figure 3 and Tables 3 and 4
provide information on the user access, type of BBS activity, and
the most popular downloadable items, respectively.
Type of Activity
Total Accesses
Total Downloads
Add to Mailing List
Document Orders
HOTLINE Requests
Project Suggestions
Number of Events
FY92
4,440
1,385
245
160
46
12
FY93
8,480
2,796
324
243
68
15
FY94
12,291
7,077
440
328
92
8
TABLE 3. CTC BBS ACTIVITY
Item
Document Text
MACT/CTG/NSPS/ACT Schedule Text
Solvent Alternative GuidE (SAGE) ~ CTC Software
CTC Newsletter
HAP- PRO -- CTC Software
LANDFILL Models — CTC Software
Control Technology Guidelines (CTO) List
Number of Events
FT92
228
N/A
N/A
178
256
172
97
PY93
658
N/A
391
279
285
219
107
FY94
1,342
841
800
563
561
278
200
TABLE 4. CTC BBS HOST POPULAR DOWNLOADABLE ITEMS
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CTC
to
i
CO
•fl
H
U)
•
O
O
U
W
to
a
CO
i
w
to
Fiscal Year
Local/Reg. Agency H
State Agency
Federal Agency •
Non-Governmental
11
1991
121
208
78
459
1992
607
1,061
371
2,312
1993
875
1,670
795
4,613
1994
1,106
2,827
1,229
7,129
-------
The CTC BBS has become an important and popular part of the
CTC. It has allowed the CTC to expand its services and technol-
ogy transfer capability with only a minimum impact on CTC re-
sources. New CTC products are available as downloadable files
from the BBS. This has improved user access to this information
and reduced printing and document handling costs resulting from
hard copy product requests. The CTC has also submitted an FY95
project proposal under EPA's Environmental Technology Initiative
(ETI) that, if approved, would make the CTC BBS the home for a
new control technology and pollution prevention data base that
would allow users to identify and access information on new and
emerging technologies.
2.3 RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
The RBLC is a repository for State and
local agency control technology determinations.
It includes control technology determinations for:
• Major new or modified sources locating in nonattainment areas
and subject to Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) control
requirements
• Major new or modified sources locating in attainment areas and
subject to Best Available Control Technology (BACT) requirements
under the prevention of significant air quality deterioration
program
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• Existing sources located in nonattainment areas and subject to
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) requirements
The RBLC allows anyone with a PC, modem, and communications
software to review, browse, and print examples of the types of
controls and/or pollution prevention measures required or used on
similar sources. In addition, the RBLC also contains the name,
agency, and telephone number of a contact to obtain additional
in-depth information on those sources.
During FY94, the RBLC was accessed 13,098 times, represent-
ing a 13 percent increase over FY93. Table 5, Figure 4, and
Table 6 provide information on the type of access activity, user
access, and the most popular downloadable items, respectively.
Type of Activity
Total Accesses
Total Downloads
Add to Mailing List
Document Orders
HOTLINE Requests
Number of Events
FY91
1,311
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FY92
1,917
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FY93
11,561
5,555
648
124
30
FY94
13,098
7,394
436
90
29
TABLE 5. RBLC ACCESS ACTIVITY
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H
o
to
I
g
d
CQ
B
Q
to
01
RBLC User Accesses
Fiscal Year
Local/Reg. Agency H
State Agency
Federal Agency |
Non-Governmental
•
1991
66
249
105
891
1992
73
362
163
1,319
1993
881
1,762
1,101
7,269
1994
917
2,096
1,179
8,906
-------
Item
User Generated Files (database search results)
User ' s Manual
Document Summaries
Informational Flier
RBLC Supplement
Number of Events
FY93
3,296
438
386
235
N/A
FY94
4,706
454
318
313
454
Change (%)
43%
4%
-18%
33%
N/A
TABLE 6. RBLC HOST POPULAR DOWNLOADABLE ITEMS
The RBLC completed a number of improvements in FY94, includ-
ing:
• Regulation Data Base: A new data base which summarizes re-
quirements of all EPA NSPS and NESHAP standards, including MACT
standards, became operational in September 1994. For user conve-
nience, regulation information is presented and searchable in a
similar manner to that used in the source information data bases
used in the RBLC BBS. State and local agencies will be able to
add their key rules to this data base as of January 1995.
• Improved data submittal: A stand-alone, floppy disk version
of the RBLC edit/data entry program is now available. The stand-
alone program allows agencies to enter and compile data for new
determination off-line on a PC. The information can then be sent
to the RBLC electronically by uploading the file through the TTN
BBS, or by mailing a floppy disk to the RBLC. This improvement
provides a convenient alternative to the traditional on-line data
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entry or paper copy submittals.
• Improved Statistical Ranking Capabilities: The RBLC is imple-
menting an on-going program to specify standardized emission
units so that users can fully utilize the statistical ranking
capabilities that are part of the system. These improvements
allow users to present and rank technology applications according
to their ability to minimize pollution. In FY94, standardized
emission units affecting nine pollutants and 19 source categories
were established.
Another planned improvement which would have provided direct
computer-based data transfer between the California Air Resources
Board (CARB) Clearinghouse and the RBLC met with limited success.
A fully compatible system could not be developed in spite of the
best efforts of the RBLC contractor, the CARB and the RBLC
staffs. However, the stand-alone version of the RBLC noted above
has proved useful and is being used by CARB to facilitate data
submittal.
The RBLC is also in the process of implementing a number of
additional improvements, including:
• Enhanced Pollution Prevention (P2) Capacity: The RBLC is en-
hancing its ability to include and search for P2 applications.
This includes the capability for user-initiated standardized
searches on P2 criteria and improved quality of P2 data in the
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current (most recent five years) data base. These improvement
come on-line in March 1995.
• Data Base Streamlining; The RBLC is actively reassessing the
need for and use of a number of noncritical data fields currently
in the system. By the end of 1995, the RBLC will trim extraneous
information fields from the data base to avoid any undue burden
to agencies entering determinations and rules and to encourage
submittals. This improvement will also help other users by en-
hancing the quality and searchability of RBLC data bases.
• Interactive RBLC Tutor: The RBLC is developing an interactive
PC program to familiarize new users and refresh long time users
with RBLC capabilities and procedures.
• Improved Statistical Ranking Capabilities: The RBLC is con-
tinuing its program to specify standardized emission factors so
that users can fully utilize the statistical ranking capabilities
that are part of the system. These improvements allow users to
present and rank technology applications according to their abil-
ity to minimize pollution.
In addition, RBLC staff provided information to the New
Source Review Reform Work Group, part of the Clean Air Act Advi-
sory Committee, to facilitate its work. The Work Group concluded
and the committee recommended that the RBLC be approved and ex-
panded. Many of the recommendations, if implemented, would make
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the Clearinghouse more comprehensive and complete with regard to
new source permitting actions and emerging emission control tech-
nologies . Some of these improvements have been or are being
addressed through the efforts indicated above; however, signifi-
cant new resources are required to fully implement many of the
recommendations, especially those dealing with quality control,
completeness, and comprehensiveness of the data base. These
improvements are beyond the resource capability of the RBLC at
this time.
2.4 Federal Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP)
Under Title V, Section 507 of the 1990 CAAA, EPA is required
to provide assistance to the State Small Business Stationary
Source Technical and Environmental Compliance Assistance Pro-
grams. The Federal SBAP is a coordinated effort among several
existing EPA technical ser-
vice centers, with the CTC
serving as the focal point
for coordination of efforts
among the participating groups, as well as the contact point for
general Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) small business assis-
tance activities. The Agency's assistance centers associated
with this program include: the CTC, the Chemical Emergency Pre-
paredness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) (Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Information Hotline), the Pollution Pre-
vention Information Center (PPIC), and the EPA Small Business
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Ombudsman's (SBO) Hotline. These centers have expanded their
services to provide support to State and local agency SBAPs which
were to have been fully operational no later than November 1994.
The centers will also be able to assist small businesses in un-
derstanding and complying with CAAA requirements in their respec-
tive program areas. Federal SBAP activities for FY-94 include:
• Distribution of the brochure "New Regulation Controlling Emis-
sions from Dry Cleaners." Preparation of similar brochures began
for the "Halogenated Solvent Degreasing" and "Chromium Electro-
plating and Anodizing" NESHAP rules. Also underway are follow-up
guidebooks that explain options available for compliance, includ-
ing pollution prevention alternatives, and present example calcu-
lations and example reporting and recordkeeping forms. Develop-
ment of additional materials will begin in FY95 to accompany the
rules for wood furniture manufacturing, architectural & indus-
trial maintenance coatings, and printing & publishing.
• Participation, along with EPA's Air Pollution Training Insti-
tute, EPA's Small Business Ombudsman, and the University of Ten-
nessee, in the development and organization of a satellite down-
link teleconference for the dry cleaner industry.
• Sponsorship of the National Small Business Technical Assistance
Conference in Raleigh, NC. The 1995 meeting will be a joint
effort with EPA's Small Business Ombudsman, to be held in New
Orleans, LA, in January.
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• Development of the Small Business electronic bulletin board
(SBAP BBS), to be available in FY-95 on the OAQPS TTN. This
system is designed to help State SBAPs share information.
• Working with the Florida SBAP on a project to address environ-
mental auditing, with an emphasis on self-auditing. This effort
has been coordinated with additional auditing initiatives being
carried out by the Iowa SBAP and the EPA Small Business Ombuds-
man.
• A project (jointly with the CTC) to evaluate a potential pollu-
tion prevention technology to control emissions from small grain
elevators. Also participating in this effort are the Emissions,
Monitoring, and Analysis Division, as well as the Nebraska air
agency and the Nebraska Small Business Advocate.
• Development of a "Leadership Grants to the State Small Business
Assistance Centers" program to support model projects that empha-
size pollution prevention as the preferred approach, and consider
cross-media impacts. This effort will be coordinated with EPA's
Pollution Prevention Division, with the grants being awarded in
FY-95.
• Coordination with EPA's Pollution Prevention Division in the
development of a "special agenda" for the State 507 programs at
the November 1994 and April 1995 meetings of the National
Roundtable of State Pollution Prevention Programs. These ses-
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sions will focus on pollution prevention issues and coordination
with the State pollution prevention programs.
2.5 TECHNICAL PROJECTS
The CTC initiated 10 projects in FY94. Appendix A provides
a brief description of these projects. They include:
• Two program administration/quality control projects designed to
monitor, track, support, and improve the operation of the CTC and
its projects;
• Six engineering assistance projects in re-
sponse to requests received from various State
and local governmental agencies;
• Two technical guidance projects in response to HOTLINE requests
and the need to upgrade existing CTC products.
Direct engineering assistance projects are initiated when a
State or local agency requests technical assistance in specific
areas (either through the HOTLINE or by written request). These
projects are usually short-term, taking 6 months to complete, and
involve the evaluation of emissions, emission control technolo-
gies, or pollution prevention methods for certain operations.
Technical guidance projects result from multiple HOTLINE requests
for technical assistance in a particular topical area. The
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projects are usually long-term, taking about one year to com-
plete, and are applicable to a broad client base. Except for a
few joint efforts with other agencies, the Center generally con-
ducts both types of projects for governmental clients free of
charge pending the availability of funds. However, in FY94, the
CTC entered into several joint ventures with other agencies in
order to conserve and leverage limited resources. Partners in
these joint ventures included the Vermont Agency of Natural Re-
sources, the New York State Department of Environmental Conserva-
tion, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The
Center will continue to aggressively seek out these joint ven-
tures to leverage its limited project budget.
The CTC also completed eight technical projects in FY94.
They include four projects initiated in FY94, two projects initi-
ated in FY93, and two projects initiated prior to FY93. These
CTC products completed in FY94 address a wide range of issues
including: emissions from combusting scrap tire derived fuel;
analysis of and emissions from the combustion of waste crankcase
oil; emissions from asphalt paving operations; and new and emerg-
ing technologies to treat low concentration VOC/organic HAP air
emission streams.
The CTC also completed two software upgrades. The CTC com-
pleted the second upgrade of its popular software tool, HAP-PRO.
HAP-PRO is a PC-based program that helps users evaluate control
options for HAPs. The "Municipal Landfill Air Emissions Model"
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upgrade was also completed. This software helps users estimate
potential emissions from municipal landfills and is designed to
complement the municipal landfill NSPS. Release of the revised
model is awaiting promulgation of the final rule for municipal
landfills. A complete list of projects completed in FY93 is
provided in Appendix B.
Currently the CTC only accepts projects requested by gov-
ernment agencies (primarily State and local air pollution control
agencies). Projects requested by "others" (i.e., non-government
clients) are not accepted because, to date, neither cost recovery
procedures required under Section 112(1)(3) of the Clean Air Act
nor Federal funding to conduct such projects has been provided
for this client group. However, the CTC has entered into several
joint agreements with "others," including:
1. An agreement with the Electric Power Research Institute
(EPRI) to jointly develop PC-based software to evaluate and
design electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). The CTC provided
an existing internal EPA ESP evaluation program and techni-
i
cal expertise. EPRI provided programming expertise and
resources. A comprehensive ESP design model has been devel-
oped and is available through the CTC BBS, free of charge,
to anyone wishing to download it. This comprehensive model
is the property of EPA. EPRI is still refining a less so-
phisticated, user-friendly version. The EPRI version is the
property of EPRI; however, a licensing agreement between EPA
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and EPRI will allow the CTC to distribute this version to
State and local agencies free of charge.
2. An agreement with Weatherly, Inc., the distributor of
The Polyade® FB Process, and Eljer Plumbingware, Inc., to
test and evaluate the effectiveness of Weatherly's styrene
emission control system. Weatherly provided a Polyade® FB
control system and transportation, installation, operation,
and removal of the system from the site of the Eljer Plant
in Wilson, NC. Eljer provided emissions from its manufac-
turing process and on-site utilities needed to operate the
control system. EPA provided for stack testing and gener-
ated an independent report evaluating the performance of
this control system in treating styrene emissions.
3. An agreement with QUAD Environmental Technologies, manu-
facturer of the QUAD Chemtact™ System, and Eljer
Plumbingware, Inc., to test and evaluate the effectiveness
of QUAD'S styrene emission control system. The arrangement
was basically the same as that described in 2, above.
These projects, especially 2 and 3, above, were very sig-
nificant. They demonstrated the CTC's ability to work with the
private sector and produce an independent evaluation of emerging
control technology. Control of styrene, a hazardous air pollut-
ant (HAP), has been troublesome for more conventional control
systems because of cost or technical feasibility issues. The CTC
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hopes to continue this type of project because it puts the CTC on
the cutting edge of technology and provides valuable information
to industry and regulatory agencies wrestling with air pollution
control questions. The CTC would also like to pursue the estab-
lishment of cost reimbursable procedures which may facilitate
future evaluation of emerging technologies and eliminate or mini-
mize CTC costs.
2.6 CTC REPORTS AND SOFTWARE
Another major CTC technology transfer and support effort is
the distribution of over 130 documents and software tools devel-
oped from CTC technical assistance projects. Governmental air
pollution control personnel can request copies of CTC technical
guidance tools through the HOTLINE or the BBS. The
CTC also annually publishes a list of its most recent
resource materials in the "CTC News." Governmental
clients receive the available reports and software
systems at no charge. Non-governmental clients receive informa-
tion on ordering these items from the National Technical Informa-
tion Service (NTIS). In addition, many of these items
can be downloaded by both governmental and non-governmen-
tal personnel through the CTC BBS at the cost of a tele-
phone call. The CTC mailed 5,211 technical assistance
reports and computer disks to clients in FY94. That represents
a 29 percent decrease in hard copy products; however, many CTC
clients are opting to download products from the CTC BBS instead
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of ordering them. In FY94, a total of 14,976 CTC product were
provided to CTC clients (5,211 requests + 9,765 downloads) com-
pared to 12,426 products provided in FY93 (7,371 requests + 5,055
downloads). Figure 5 compares hard copy vs. BBS download distri-
bution of CTC products. That represents an overall 20 percent
increase in the amount of CTC products distributed while signifi-
cantly reducing printing/duplication, handling, and mailing
costs. The increasing number of publications and software dis-
tributed by the CTC each fiscal year is evidence of the respect
that the CTC products have gained. Titles of CTC reports and
software available through the end of FY94 are listed in
Appendix C.
The CTC is also using its bulletin board to distribute the
PC program "Solvent Alternative Guide" (SAGE), version 2.0. This
software tool was developed by staff at APPCD, one of the CTC's
sponsoring organizations. SAGE is an expert system that helps
the user identify more environmentally friendly solvents by an-
swering basic questions about the product being manufacturing,
the material being dealt with, and the processes involved. As
noted in the CTC BBS section, SAGE is a very popular downloadable
item. About 800 copies were downloaded from the BBS in FY94. In
addition, disks were provided initially to governmental organiza-
tions which did not have a download capacity.
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5,000
10,000
15,000
Hard Copy CTC Product Requests
BBS - CTC Product Downloads
20,000
FIGURE 5. CTC PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION: HARD COPY VS. BBS DOWNLOADS
2.7 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
The CTC publishes the "CTC News" quarterly to inform its
audience of available services, the status of CTC projects, and
other activities related to air emissions and control technology.
It identifies new projects and those nearing completion. The CTC
News also highlights EPA staff members who respond
to assistance requests. The quarterly publication
often solicits from its readers information re-
CTC Can
Help You!
lated to ongoing projects or requests for CTC assistance and
suggestions of how the program may better serve their needs. In
FY94, the "CTC News" reached a mailing list of more than 5,500
per quarter, a 10 percent increase over the FY93 mailing rate.
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In addition to the "CTC News," the Center updates clients
and informs potential users of its services by conducting brief-
ings at EPA regional offices and other locations. In FY94, the
CTC staff attended workshops and conferences such as: the SBAP
Technical Assistance Conference, OAQPS Air Toxics Workshop, and
the Air and Waste Management Association Conference. As appro-
priate, program briefings, seminar and conference presentations,
or interactive displays were used to highlight or promote CTC
program objectives and services.
2.8 INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER FOR
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGG)
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, created an unprec-
edented need for rapid and effective transfer of technology and
information regarding emissions measurement methodology and in-
ventory development, and technology development, demonstration,
and deployment. The EPA and the U.S. technical community have
extensive expertise on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and con-
trols. This will continue to grow as the
global change research program progresses.
I
The goal of the ITTCGGG is to provide ac-
cess to this expertise and to respond to
incoming requests both domestically and internationally for in-
formation on GHG emissions.
2-25
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A modest program within APPCD has already begun to provide
information on emissions and strategies to a variety of informa-
tion users. In 1992, ITTCGGG was established in cooperation with
EPA's CTC. Since its inception in May of 1992, ITTCGGG has re-
ceived hundreds of calls and requests for information. FY91 and
FY92 funding was applied to developing an EPA report on the tech-
nical options and case studies on landfill gas utilization. To
date, more than 1,100 copies of this report have been distrib-
uted. A follow-up report is being developed that contains infor-
mation on landfill gas to energy projects in North America, Eu-
rope, and Australia. This report provides an overview of the
different philosophies about gas cleanup and energy equipment
modifications for landfill gas utilization. Information in this
report is being provided through the International Energy Agency
Expert Working Group on Landfill Gas, in which APPCD partici-
pates. Another accomplishment is APPCD's first symposium on GHG
emissions and mitigation research which was held in Washington,
DC, in August 1992 and was attended by more than 300 partici-
pants. A second research symposium is planned for the summer of
1995.
Information on the following subjects is available through
ITTCGGG:
• Landfills and other waste management facilities, the natural
gas industry, and coal mining
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• Biomass utilization for energy generation and production of
liquid fuel and for pollution prevention technologies
• Energy conservation and pollution prevention technologies for
residential, commercial, industrial, and utility application.
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2-28
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SECTION 3
PROGRAM RESOURCES
The CTC has a small, dedicated staff. However, to accom-
plish its mission, the CTC draws from the staff expertise and
talent of its sponsoring organizations, APPCD and
OAQPS. Additional resources and expertise are
provided through EPA contractors when appro-
priate and necessary. This section addresses
the CTC's staff resources and the CTC's contract
budget.
3.1 STAFF RESOURCES
The sponsoring organizations provide nine staff members to
support CTC activities. Five of these are EPA employees. The
remaining four are senior environmental employees working under
an EPA assistance agreement. Although these nine CTC staff mem-
bers are assigned primarily to the CTC, some of their time is
used to support projects and activities that are part of the
sponsoring organizations' missions and not part of the CTC pro-
gram. Also, some of the senior environmental employees work less
than a 40 hour week. It is estimated that the equivalent of 7.1
person years 'of effort were used to support CTC activities in
FY94. Table 7 indicates the distribution of staff time among the
CTC's three major components.
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Sponsoring Program
ITPID/OAQPS
APPCD/ORD
TOTAL
CTC Base Program
1.70
2.90
4.60
RBLC
1.20
o.oo -
1.20
SBAP
1.20
0.10
1.30
Total
4.10
3.00
7.10
TABLE 7. Distribution of CTC Staff Resources (Person Years)
3.2 PROJECT BUDGET
The CTC expended $354,000 of its $416,000 budget on engi-
neering assistance and technical guidance projects during FY94.
In fact, all of the budgeted funds had been approved by the CTC
Steering Committee for project work, but an administrative issue
prevented the transfer of needed funds between the sponsoring
organizations. As a result, two cooperative projects between the
CTC and State agencies were postponed until FY95. It appears
that the administrative issue which prevented the transfer has
been resolved and should not be a problem in the future.
The FY94 contract budget represents a 12 percent decrease
from the $475,000 the CTC expended on projects in FY93. This
amount does not include funding for the Federal SBAP and the
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse program which have independent fund-
ing.
More than 89 percent of the FY94 expenditures were used to
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fund technical guidance and engineering assistance projects. The
remaining expenditures covered CTC administrative costs, such as
publishing the "CTC News," maintaining the CTC HOTLINE database,
and mailing documents. The program's FY93 administrative costs
of $60,000 decreased to $43,800 in FY94.
As noted above, the RBLC and the SBAP programs are funded
under separate allotments not directly associated with CTC fund-
ing. The RBLC expended $100,000 for maintenance and improvements
in FY94. The Federal SBAP budget was $230,000. The distribution
of CTC contract resources in FY94 is indicated in Table 8. Based
on budget trends over the past three years, it is anticipated
that the FY95 budget for the CTC, RBLC, and SBAP will decrease 10
to 20 percent from FY94 levels.
Program
CTC Base Program
RBLC
SBAP
Total Contract Resources
Amount (Dollars)
$416,000
$100,000
$230,000
$746,000
TABLE 8. CTC Contract Resources for FY94
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SECTION 4
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
In FY94, the CTC planned to begin expanding its capacity to
serve the needs of its clients based on three major EPA initia-
tives — pollution prevention, encouraging new
and innovative technologies, and intermedia
impacts. This CTC plan for the future goes
well beyond FY94. However, the CTC hoped to
make significant strides in.implementing and
attaining these initiatives in the near fu-
ture. CTC expansion goals, FY94 accomplishments, and activities
planned for FY95 and beyond include:
1. GOAL: Build pollution prevention capacity within the CTC to
assist SBAPs and other CTC clients.
FY94: Modified the RBLC to enhance pollution prevention
information fields, and data search capabilities.
FY95: Develop contacts with other government centers to
share information and to establish links with existing pol-
lution prevention information centers. Also explore oppor-
tunities resulting from ORD's reorganization which places
the ORD part of the CTC in an organizational structure with
existing P2 capabilities.
2. GOAL: Expand the CTC BBS to include information on new and
emerging technologies (both add-on and P2). This goal also
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responds to recommendations made by the Clean Air Act Advi-
sory Committee for improving the RBLC.
FY94: Submitted a project proposal under the Environmental
Technology Initiative (ETI) for FY95 funding*.
FY95: Explore other opportunities for partnerships with
industry and trade associations to develop an innovative
technology BBS.
3. GOAL: Expand efforts to conduct new technology assessment
projects in cooperation with industry. These projects help
define the technical and economic feasibility of new tech-
nologies as they relate to the control or elimination of
specific waste/emission streams.
FY94: Submitted a project proposal under the Environmental
Technology Initiative (ETI) for FY95 funding*. The proposal
targeted assistance to small businesses in their efforts to
document the effectiveness and cost of technologies they had
developed. The CTC also completed a technical guidance
project identifying and verifying the use of emerging tech-
nologies to treat low concentration VOC/organic HAP air
emission streams.
FY95: Continue to explore opportunities to work with indus-
try and technology developers to evaluate the performance
and capabilities of promising emerging technologies.
4. GOAL: Explore the development of policy, procedures,
guidance, and rules implementing the "cost recovery" provi-
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sions of section 112(1)(3) of the CAAA. This could give the
CTC and other centers responding to the requirements of this
section expanded capability to consider and implement
projects requested by the private sector.
FY94: Gathered information on the legislative history and
intent of Section 112(1)(3) and explored similar cost recov-
ery provisions in the CAA and other statutes. Also re-
quested the Office of General Counsel review our findings
and provide a legal determination and guidance needed to
develop agency policy on this issue.
FY95: Pending a response from the Office of General Counsel,
direct development of agency policy, procedures, and regula-
tions, as appropriate, to implement cost recovery provi-
sions.
5. GOAL: Develop capacity to consider intermedia implications
of air pollution control technology applications.
FY9JL: Conduct preliminary evaluation of resources needed to
consider intermedia implications of air pollution control
technologies.
FY9.5: Explore opportunities resulting from ORD's reorganiza-
tion which places the ORD part of the CTC in an organiza-
tional structure with considerable intermedia capabilities.
6. GOAL: Establish a SBAP BBS to provide an avenue for State
and local SBAPs and EPA to share materials developed for
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small businesses.
FY94: Continued BBS development work and collected materials
and information on materials to be provided on the BBS.
FY95: Make the SBAP BBS operational.
7. GOAL: Coordinate development of informational materials
targeted at small businesses that will explain, in layman's
terms, new regulatory requirements as well as applicable P2
and control options.
FY94: Distributed informational brochure for dry cleaners
and began work on brochures and guidebooks for degreasing
and chromium electroplating rules. Also began work with the
Florida SBAP to develop self-auditing guidance for small
businesses.
FY95: Complete brochures and guidebooks started in FY94 and
initiate new projects, as appropriate, to address other new
rules affecting small businesses.
The CTC also has begun the task of rethinking its mission
and goals in light of new Agency initiatives, increased custom-
ers, changing customer needs, and decreasing resources. The CTC
hopes to complete this effort in FY95 and present options to
OAQPS and APPCD senior management.
*Editor's Note: During final processing of this report, the CTC
was notified that projects proposed under the Environmental Tech-
nology Initiative (ETI) for FY95 funding were not approved.
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SECTION 5
CONCLUSIONS
The CTC continued to grow in FY94, but at a slower rate.
In each of the previous three years, access to CTC services more
than doubled that of the previous year. In FY94, access to CTC
services increased at a more moderate rate of 14 percent. This
growth was due primarily to the increase in electronic bulletin
board activity by the CTC BBS (45% increase) and the RBLC (13%
increase), and the continued significant growth in non-government
HOTLINE calls (52% increase).
Overall CTC HOTLINE activity increased by 31 percent but
showed a significant change in clientele. Private sector, non-
government agency calls now account for 73 percent of all HOTLINE
calls. Non-government calls increased by 52 percent over FY93
levels, while calls from government agencies decreased by 4 per-
cent compared to the same period. Since the passage of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990, calls from government agencies have
leveled off and remained fairly constant, while non-government
calls have risen significantly.
Requests for hard copies of CTC products decreased by 29
percent, but the total of hard copy requests and electronic down-
loads of CTC products from the CTC BBS and RBLC increased by 20
percent. This indicates that many CTC customers are opting to
download products rather than request hard copies. Downloading
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provides almost immediate access to CTC products at a nominal
cost -- the price of the telephone call to the TTN BBS. The use
of the CTC BBS is being encouraged to reduce printing costs and
resources required to handle and mail documents.
Virtually all State SBAPs became operational in FY94 and
created a significant demand on the Federal SBAP. Work continues
on the SBAP BBS which will provide a much needed avenue for State
and local SBAPs and EPA to share material developed to assist
small businesses. The Federal SBAP, in coordination with EPA's
Small Business Ombudsman (SBO), also sponsored the National SBO/
SBAP Conference. Also underway is the development of additional
informational brochures and guideline documents, and technical
assistance projects targeted to help the State SBAP programs and
small businesses affected by EPA regulations. The Federal SBAP
also began development of "Leadership Grants to State Small Busi-
ness Assistance Centers" to support model projects that emphasize
pollution prevention and multimedia assistance.
The continued increases in access and use of CTC services
indicate that the CTC is successfully responding to the ever-
increasing demand for air pollution control information. How-
ever, this level of activity and growth is taxing the CTC's re-
sources and ability to fully respond to customer needs.
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APPENDIX A
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER PROJECTS
STARTED IN FY94
94-1 Administrative Support
This project covers the maintenance of the CTC data base and
supply of CTC documents and software products.
94-2 Quality Assurance
This project provided for on-going quality assurance support
by the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (APPCD),
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Office of
Research and Development (ORD), for CTC projects involving sam-
pling and analysis.
94-3 Landfill Model Software Upgrade
Completed project; see Appendix B.
94-4 Waste Oil Combustion
Completed project; see Appendix B.
94-5 Copper/Manganese Catalyst Evaluation
Completed project; see Appendix B.
94-6 New Technology for Low VOC Streams
Completed project; see Appendix B.
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94-7 Emissions from Open Burning/Air Curtain Incineration of
Construction Site Clearing Waste
This project was requested by Broward County, Florida, to
assist them in evaluating the need to regulate the burning of
waste derived from construction site clearing activities.
Broward County provided waste samples. The APPCD simulated open
burning conditions and tested and analyzed emissions at their
test facility.
94-8 Emissions from Barrel Burners Used for Household Waste
This project is a cooperative effort requested by the New
York State Department of Health to evaluate emissions from the
combustion of household waste, in barrels or drums, by residents
in rural areas. New York is providing waste samples, APPCD is
simulating barrel combustion and collecting emission samples, and
both New York and APPCD are sharing responsibility for sample
analysis.
94-9 Emissions from External Residential Wood Boilers
This project, requested by the Wisconsin Department of Natu-
ral Resources, evaluates emissions from residential wood-fired
boilers. These boilers are not covered by existing Federal or
State regulations, according to the WI DNR, and have been the
subject of numerous complaints. APPCD is conducting test burns
at its wood stove combustion laboratory in representative boilers
to determine potential emissions. Wisconsin plans on using these
data and other related information in the literature to determine
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if this type of source should be regulated.
94-10 HAP-PRO Software Improvement
This project will correct deficiencies and upgrade the CTC's
existing HAP-PRO software. This software is used to evaluate
alternative control measures for treating hazardous air pollut-
ants. It provides efficiency, design, and cost information for
nine alternative control systems based on source specific infor-
mation provided by the user. The improvements will upgrade the
program and the way it interacts with alternative control modules
to facilitate use and future module additions and upgrades. The
overall system also will be upgraded to provide better overall
operation and improve user-friendliness.
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APPENDIX B
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER PROJECTS
COMPLETED IN FY94
91-13 "Pilot Scale Evaluation of the Potential for Emissions of
Hazardous Air Pollutants from Combustion of Tire-Derived Fuel,"
EPA-600/R-94-070, PB94-169463
Experiments were conducted in a rotary kiln incinerator
simulator to examine and characterize emissions from incineration
of scrap tires. The purpose of this project was to generate a
profile of target analytes for full-scale stack sampling and give
insight into technical issues and fundamental phenomena related
to controlled combustion of scrap tires. Overall, it appears
that, with the exception of zinc, potential emissions from tire
derived fuel combustion are not significantly different from
combustion of conventional fossil fuels, when burned in a well-
designed and well operated combustion device. If unacceptable
particulate loading occurs due to zinc emissions, the emissions
would have to be controlled by an appropriate particulate control
device.
92-14 "Evaluation of Emissions from Paving Asphalts,"
EPA-600/R-94-135, PB95-129110
This report provides data from pilot-scale measurements of
emissions of specific pollutants from paving asphalts, both with
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and without crumb rubber additives. The methods used in this
work measured emissions from a static layer of asphalt maintained
for a period of several hours near the highest temperature likely
to be encountered in a real paving operation. In most cases,
observed concentration levels were near the detection level of
the analytical methods applied. However, statistically signifi-
cant emissions of benzene and several polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons were observed. Statistically significant emissions of
total particulates and PM10 also were found.
93-4 Argonne National Laboratories (ANL) Development of Air Pol-
lution Compliance Strategy Expert Systems
The CTC has completed its portion of the joint project with
ANL to develop the conceptual design of an expert system. The
objective of the system is a decision-making mechanism that will
evaluate the various elements of pollution control and define a
facility control strategy. It will provide the user with com-
plete information on technology, regulations, costs, and cross-
media impacts.
93-12 "HAP-PRO Version 1.2," EPA-453/B-94-038
This version of HAP-PRO corrected deficiencies in the ther-
mal and catalytic incineration control modules and upgraded these
modules to an expert system. Users are now guided through the
input process and alerted when their entries are not within nomi-
nal design and operational parameters for incineration of organic
HAPS and VOC. The thermal and catalytic modules are two of nine
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alternative control modules available in the HAP-PRO program.
The Carbon Adsorption module had been upgraded previously. Up-
grading the six other modules will be the subject of additional
CTC projects as time and resources permit.
94-3 "Landfill Air Emissions Model" (Publication/release pending
promulgation of Municipal Landfill NSPS)
This project upgraded and improved the CTC's existing "Land-
fill Air Emissions Model, version 1.1." The new model is consis-
tent with the final new source performance standards for munici-
pal landfills, addresses emissions from both active and closed
landfills, and is more user friendly.
94-4 "Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study,"
EPA-456/R-95-001 (Publication/release pending minor editorial
changes to text and processing through the CTC's administrative
approval procedures.)
This project was a cooperative effort requested by the State
of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Department of Environmen-
tal Conservation. The project analyzed and characterized waste
crankcase oil in Vermont; tested emissions from small businesses
that burn waste crankcase oil for space heating; assessed poten-
tial air and health impacts of combusting waste oil; and evalu-
ated existing Vermont regulations relating to waste oil combus-
tion and Vermont air quality standards based on the results of
the study. The CTC, through the Source Characterization and
Assessment Group, Emission Monitoring and Analysis Division,
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OAQPS, provided for the testing of sources identified by Vermont.
Vermont accomplished all other tasks, including overall project
management.
94-5 Copper/Manganese Catalyst Evaluation; Letter report to Alan
Kilmet, Chief, Air Quality Section, North Carolina Department of
Environmental Health and Natural Resources, from Frank
Princiotta, Director, Air and Energy Engineering Research Labora-
tory; April 20, 1994.
This project was requested by the North Carolina Department
of Environmental Health and Natural Resources and accomplished in
cooperation with the U.S. Air Force. The project evaluated a new
catalytic technology that was being considered by the Air Force
to treat emissions from surface coating aircraft. North Carolina
requested help from the CTC to determine the technical basis of
this technology and its ability to meet permit requirements. The
results indicated that no catalytic processes were at work and
that only small emissions reductions from adsorption may be oc-
curring .
94-6 "Survey of Control Technologies for Low Organic Vapor Gas
Streams," EPA-456/R-95-003.(Publication/release pending reformat-
ting of final document and processing through the CTC's adminis-
trative approval process.)
This project, requested by STAPPA/ALAPCO, evaluated emerging
air pollution control technologies and their ability to treat low
organic vapor (VOC and/or organic HAP) concentration, high air
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flow emission streams. The study concentrated on identifying and
documenting performance and cost of actual industrial applica-
tions of new technology.
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APPENDIX C
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER
REPORTS AND SOFTWARE
AIR TOXICS
3 ( ) "Evaluation of Potential Emissions of TDI from Two
Facilities," EPA-450/3-87-022, PB88-120845
5s ( ) "HAP-PRO,version 1.0" EPA-600/8-91-211a, EPA-600/8-91-211b
(software); PB92-501212 (manual and software),
'PB92-135904 (manual only)
9 ( ) "Handbook: Control Technologies for Hazardous Air
Pollutants" (HAP Manual), EPA-625/6-91-014, PB92-141373
(manual)
13 ( ) "Emission Factors for Iron and Steel Sources—Criteria
and Toxic Pollutants," EPA-600/2-90-024, PB90-242314
24 ( ) "Source Characterization and Control Technology
Assessment of MeCl Emissions," EPA-600/2-89-043,
PB89-224471
36 ( ) "Emission Factors for Iron Foundries—Criteria and Toxic
Pollutants," EPA-600/2-90-044, PB90-266743
47 ( ) "Benzene Enabling Document," EPA-450/3-90-009,
PB91-161737
52 ( ) "Determination of Perchloroethylene Content of Waste
Materials from Filters and Still Bottoms—Conditional
Test Method" (also on EMTIC BBS)
53 () "Evaluation of VOC Emissions from Heated Roofing
Asphalt," EPA-600/2-91-061, PB92-115286
57 ( ) "Carbon Disulfide Emission Control Options,"
EPA-450/3-91-023, PB93-124667
59 ( ) High Risk Point Source Documents—List
60 ( ) "Controlling Odorous Emissions from Iron Foundries,"
EPA-600/R-92-058, PB92-166925
67 ( ) "Air Emissions from the Treatment of Soil Contaminated
with Petroleum Fuels" EPA-600/R-92-124, PB92-212976
94 ( ) "Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition Samples from
Easton, PA," EPA-600/R-93-057, PB93-181600
95 ( ) "Alternative Control Technology Document - Carbon
Reactivation Processes," EPA-453/R-92-019, PB93-180826
100 ( ) "Air Emissions and Control Technology for Leather
Tanning and Finishing Operations," EPA-453/R-93-025,
PB94-120219
106 ( ) "Evaluation of Mercury Emissions from Fluorescent Lamp
Crushing," EPA-453/R-94-018, PB94-175932
113 ( ) "HAP-PRO V.I.2," EPA-453/C-94-038,
114 ( ) "Evaluation of Emissions from Paving Asphalts,"
EPA-600/R-94-135, PB95-129110
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133 ( ) "HAP-PRO Model User's Manual, Version 2.0,"
EPA-456/B-94-002, PB95-503181 (software and user
manual)
COMBUSTION
4 ( ) "Guidelines for Stack Testing at Municipal Waste
Combustion Facilities," EPA-600/8-88-085, PB88-234893
6 ( ) Chemical and Biological Characterization of Products of
Incomplete Combustion from the Simulated Field Burning
of Agricultural Plastic
14 ( ) "Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated
Burning of Scrap Tires," EPA-600/2-89-054, PB90-126004
19 ( ) "Operation and Maintenance of Hospital Waste
Incinerators," EPA-450/3-89-002, PB89-190615
20 ( ) "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course:
Volume I: Student Handbook," EPA-450/3-89-003,
PB89-189872 "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training
Course: Volume II: Presentation Slides,"
EPA-450/3-89-004, PB89-189880
43 ( ) "Source Book NO Control Technology Data,"
EPA-600/2-91-029, PB91-217364
56 ( ) "Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course:
Volume III: Instructors Manual," EPA-450/3-89-010
50 ( ) "Radioactive and Mixed Waste Incineration Background
Information Document, Volume I: Technology,"
EPA-520/1-91-010-1, PB91-222505; "Radioactive and Mixed
Waste Incineration Background Information Document,
Volume II: Risk of Radiation Exposure,"
EPA-520/1-91-010-2, PB91-222513
58 ( ) "Burning Tires for Fuel and Tire Pyrolysis: Air
Implications," EPA-450/3-91-024, PB92-145358
66 ( ) "Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated
Open-Burning of Non-Metallic Automobile Shredder
Residue," EPA-600/R-93-004
76 ( ) "Mutagenicity of Emissions from the Simulated Open
Burning of Scrap Rubber Tires," EPA-600/R-92-127,
PB92-217009
78 ( ) "Evaluation Costing of N0x Controls for Existing
Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region,"
EPA-453/R-92-010, PB93-142016
102 ( ) "Emissions from Burning Cabnet Making Scraps,"
EPA-600/R-93-213, PB94-130408
105 ( ) "Characterization of Air Emissions from Simulated Open
Combustion of Fiberglass Materials," EPA-600/R-93-239,
PB94-136231
108 ( ) "Pilot-Scale Evaluation of the Potential for Emissions
of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Combustion of Tire-
Derived Fuel ," EPA-600/R-94-070, PB94-169463
138( ) "Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions
Study," EPA-456/R-95-001
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GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER
80 ( ) "Development of an Empirical Model of Methane Emissions
From Landfills," EPA-600/R-92-037, PB92-152875
81 ( ) "Approach for Estimating Global Landfill Methane
Emissions," EPA-600/7-91-002, PB91-149534
82 ( ) "Landfill Gas Energy Utilization: Technology Options
and Case Studies," EPA-600/R-92-116, PB92-203116
83 ( } "Analysis of Factors Affecting Methane Gas Recovery
From Six Landfills," EPA-600/2-91-055, PB92-101351
84 ( ) "List of Papers and Reports for EPA's Research Program
on Air Emissions from Landfills and Other Waste
Management Processes"
85 ( ) "A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Global Methane
Emissions from Landfills," 1993, EPA-600/J-93-250,
PB93-212561
86 ( ) "Landfill Gas Recovery/Utilization - Options and
Economics," 1992, EPA-600/A-92-170, PB92-217066
87 ( ) "Landfill Gas Utilization - Options, Benefits, and
Barriers," 1992, EPA-600/A-92-129, PB92-195916
88 ( ) "Emissions and Mitigation at Landfills and Other Waste
Management Facilities"
120 ( ) "The Coprocessing of Fossil Fuels and Biomass for CO
Emission Reduction in the Transportation Sector," 1993,
EPA-600/A-93-109, PB93-194165
121 ( ) "Methane Emissions from Industrial Sources," 1993,
EPA-600/A-94-089, PB94-174760
123 ( ) "Landfill Gas Utilization - Technical and Non-Technical
Considerations," March 1994, EPA-600/A-94-139,
PB94-189651
124 ( ) "Estimate of Methane Emissions from Coal Mines," 1993,
EPA-600/J-93-249, PB93-212553
125 ( ) "Landfill Gas and Its Influence on Global Climate
Change," October 1993, EPA-600/A-93-240, PB94-113784
126 ( ) "Methane Emissions from Landfills and Open Dumps,"
EPA-230/R-93-010
127 ( ) "Methane Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal," EPA-230/R-93-010
128 ( ) "Biomass Gasification Pilot Plant Study; Final Report,"
EPA-600/R-93-170, PB94-114766
129 ( ) "Demonstration of Fuel Cells to Recover Energy from
Landfill Gas Phase I Final Report: Conceptual Study,"
EPA-600/R-92-007, PB92-137520
130 ( ) "Proceedings: The 1992 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Mitigation Research Symposium," EPA-600/R-94-008,
PB94-132180
131 ( ) "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Landfills,"
EPA-600/R-94-166, PB94-213519
132 ( ) "Estimate of Methane Emissions from U.S. Natural Gas
Operations," March 1994
135 ( ) "Landfill Gas Utilization - Database of North American
Projects," EPA-600/A-94-064, PB94-162773
136 ( ) "Technological Considerations for Planning the Global
Carbon Future," EPA-600/A-93-182, PB93-222008
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RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE
79 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology
Determinations, Second Supplement to 1990 Edition,"
EPA 453/R-92-002, PB92-235647
89 () "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BLIS)
User's Manual, EPA-453/B-92-012, PB93-122422
103 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BLIS)
User's Manual, EPA-453/B-93-049, PB94-114402
104 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology
Determinations, "Volume 1-Third Supplement to the 1990
Edition", EPA 453/R-93-037a, PB94-111234
"RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology
Determinations, "Volume 2-Third Supplement to the 1990
Edition", EPA 453/R-93-037b, PB94-111572
115 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology
Determinations, Fourth Supplement to the 1990 Edition,"
EPA-453/R-94-055, PB94-206729
116 ( ) RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BLIS)
User's Manual, EPA-453/B-94-072, PB95-166856
117 ( ) RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Flyer
VOC - OTHER SOURCE CATEGORIES
11 ( ) "Assessment of VOC Emissions from Fiberglass Boat
Manufacturing," EPA-600/2-90-019, PB90-216532
35 ( ) "Soil Vapor Extraction—VOC Control Technology
Assessment," EPA-450/4-89-017, PB90-216995
39 ( ) "Control of VOC Emissions from Polystyrene Foam
Manufacturing," EPA-450/3-90-020, PB91-102111
41s ( ) "Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model,"
EPA-600/8-90-085a, PB91-167718, manual;
EPA-600/8-90-085b, PB91-507541, software and manual
45 ( ) "Enabling Document for NSPS for Oxidation Process and
Distillation Operations in SOCMI," EPA-450/3-90-018,
PB92-161967
46 ( ) "Polymer Manufacturing Industry Enabling Document,"
EPA-450/3-90-019, PB91-161745
61 ( ) "Assessment of VOC Emissions and Their Control from
Bakers Yeast Manufacturing Facilities,
EPA-450/3-91-027, PB92-145408
65 ( ) "The Measurement Solution: Using a Temporary Total
Enclosure for Capture Efficiency Testing,"
EPA-450/4-91-020a, PB92-190271
68 ( ) "Identification and Characterization of Missing or
Unaccounted for Area Source Categories,"
EPA-600-R-92-006, PB92-139377
70 ( ) "Control of VOC Emissions from Ink and Paint
Manufacturing Processes," EPA-450/3-92-013, PB92-190230
77 ( ) "Control of VOC Emissions from Nonferrous Metal Rolling
Processes," EPA-453/R-92-001, PB92-227677
93 ( ) "Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery
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Oven Emissions," EPA-453/R-92-017,PB93-157618
101 ( ) "Intitial Assessment of Emissions from Heat Setting
Carpet Yarn," EPA-600/R-93-161, PB93-229862
109 ( ) Beyond RACT - DRAFT Report
134 ( } "Survey of Control Technologies for Low Concentration
Organic Vapor Gas Streams," EPA-456/R-95-003
VOC - SURFACE COATING/GRAPHIC ARTS
15 ( ) "Ultrasonic Cleaning of Rotogravure Cylinders,"
EPA-450/3-89-024, PB89-216360
16 ( ) "Reduction of Volatile Organic Emissions from
Automobile Refinishing," EPA-450/3-88-009, PB89-148282
18 ( ) "Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from
Traffic Markings," EPA-450/3-88-007, PB89-148274
25 ( ) "Evaluation of Emission Controls at Leeds Architectural
Products" (Spray Booth Controls), EPA-450/3-89-001,
PB90-120106
30 ( ) "Powder Coating Technology Update," EPA-450/3-89-033,
PB90-127341
38 ( ) "Radiation Curable Coatings," EPA-600/2-91-035,
PB91-219550
40 ( ) "Best Demonstrated Control Technology for Graphic
Arts," EPA-450/3-91-008, PB91-168427
75 ( ) "Alternate VOC Control Technique Options for Small
Rotogravure and Flexography Facilities"
EPA-600/R-92-201, PB93-122307
96 ( ) "Automobile Assembly Plant Spray Booth Cleaning
Emission Reduction Technology Review,"
EPA-453/R-94-029, PB94-206257
110 ( ) Lithographic Printing ACT
111 ( ) DRAFT Model Rule for Wood Furniture
WASTEWATER/GROUNDWATER TREATMENT
1 ( ) "Air Stripping of Contaminated Water Sources—Air
Emissions and Controls," EPA-450/3-87-017, PB88-106166
12s( ) "Surface Impoundment Modeling Systems (SIMS) Version
2.0 Users' Manual," EPA-450/4-90-019a, PB91-156711 and
"Background Document for Surface Impoundment Modeling
System (SIMS) Version 2.0," EPA-450/4-90-019b,
PB91-156729 PB91-506911 (Manual), PB 91-506998
(software, Manual and Background),
26 ( ) "ASPEN Expert System for Steam Stripping Calculations:
Users' Manual," EPA-450/3-90-003
28 ( ) "Control Technology Assessment for Air Emissions from
Wastewater Treatment," EPA-450/3-89-008, PB89-207922
31 ( ) "Industrial Wastewater VOC Emissions—Background for
BACT/LAER," EPA-450/3-90-004, PB90-194754
32 ( ) "Comparisons of Air Stripper Simulations and Field
Performance Data," EPA/450/1-90-002, PB90-207317
33 ( ) "Air Stripper Design Manual, Air/Superfund National
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Technical Guidance," EPA-450/1-90-003, PB91-125997
WOOD PRODUCTS
2 ( ) "Evaluation of Emission Sources at a Waferboard
Manufacturing Plant," EPA-450/3-87-021, PB88-107735
8 ( ) "Evaluation of Emission Factors for Formaldehyde from
Certain Wood Processing Operations," EPA-450/3-87-023,
PB88-118492
22 ( ) "Evaluation of Emission Sources from Creosote Wood
Treatment Operations," EPA-450/3-89-028, PB89-224729
27 ( ) "Evaluation of Emission Control Devices at Waferboard
Plants," EPA-450/3-90-002, PB90-131442
51 ( ) "Evaluation of Air Toxic Emissions at Minnesota's
Reconstituted Panelboard Plants," EPA-450/3-91-009
MISCELLANEOUS
29 ( ) "Affordability Analysis of Lead Emission Controls for a
Smelter-Refinery," EPA/450-3-90-001, PB90-120122
37 ( ) "Test Report: Method Development & Evaluation of Draft
Protocol for Measurement of Condensibles,"
EPA-450/4-90-012, PB90-240805
42 ( ) "Assessment of the Controllability of Condensible
Emissions," EPA-600/8-90-075, PB91-125807
55 ( ) Control Technology Center Program Operating Manual
63 ( ) "OAQPS Cost Control Manual," EPA-450/3-90-006,
PB90-169954
64 ( ) "OAQPS Cost Control Manual-Supplement,"
EPA-450/3-90-006a, PB92-137181
69 ( ) "Managing Chemicals Safely, Putting It All Together,"
EPA-510-K-92-001
71 ( ) "The Clean Air Act of 1990: A Guide for Small
Businesses," EPA 450/K-92-001
74 ( ) "Electrostatic Precipitator V-I and Performance Model:
User's Manual," EPA-600/R-92-104a, PB92-169614
90 ( ) "OAQPS Cost Control Manual-Supplement 2,"
EPA/450/3-90-006b, PB93-138147
92 ( ) "A Guidebook for Explaining Environmental Regulations
to Small Businesses," EPA 453/B-93-023, PB94-120334
97 ( ) SAGE 2.0, "Solvent Alternative Giude, User's Guide,"
EPA-600/R-94-069, PB94-501764
98 ( ) CTC NEWS - most recent issue
99 ( ) "Evaluation of the Polyad® With FB Air Purification &
Solvent Recovery Process for Styrene Removal,"
EPA-600/R-93-212, PB94-130317
107 ( ) "OAQPS Cost Manual-Supplement 3, Hoods, Duct Work,
Stacks," EPA-450/3-90-006C, PB94-177565
112 ( ) "Oil Suppression of Particulate Matter at Grain
Elevators," EPA-453/R-94-049
C-6
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-456/R-95-004
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Annual Report - Control Technology Center
FY94: Summary of Program Accomplishments
5. REPORT DATE
July 1995
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Robert J. Blaszczak (MD-12), CTC/rTG/TTPID
OAQPS Co-Chair, U.S. EPA, RTF, NC 27711 (919) 541-5432
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Information Transfer & Program Integration Division, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, and Air Pollution Prevention
& Control Division, National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC
27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Research and
Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/200/04
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
The APPCD CTC Co-Chair is Charles H. Darvin, MD-91, (919) 541-7633.
16. ABSTRACT
The report summarizes the fiscal year activities and accomplishments of the EPA's Control Technology
Center (CTC), located in Research Triangle Park, NC, and sponsored by EPA Air Pollution Prevention
& Control Division and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. CTC services were accessed
35,000 times during the year. This includes HOTLINE calls, access to computer bulletin boards and
data bases, and requests for CTC products. Overall use of CTC services increased 14% over FY93.
The report discusses program activities and outreach efforts during FY94 to provide service to the
CTC's growing client list. It also examines strategies to maintain the CTC's continued success in
providing technical assistance in air pollution prevention and control to both government air pollution
control agencies and the private sector.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution, Information Centers, Data, Technical
Reports, Computer Programs
Air Pollution Prevention, Air
Pollution Control, Stationary
Sources, Technical Assistance Data
Bases, Electronic Bulletin Boards
13B, 05B, 14G,
09B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
81
20. SECURITY CLASS (Page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
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