v>EPA
            United States
            Environmental Protection
            Agency
            Municipal Environmental Research EPA 600 9 79 024a-
            Laboratory         August 1979
            Cincinnati OH 45268
            Research and Development
Movement of
Hazardous
Substances in Soil
A Bibliography

Volume 1
Selected Metals

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology  Elimination of traditional  grouping  was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are
      1   Environmental Health Effects Research
      2  Environmental Protection Technology
      3  Ecological Research
      4  Environmental Monitoring
      5  Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
      6  Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7   Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
      8   "Special" Reports
      9,  Miscellaneous Reports
 "! his document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
 tion Service  Springfield, Virginia  22161.

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                                              EPA-600/9-79-024a
                                              August 1979
MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL: A BIBLIOGRAPHY

                Volume 1.   Selected  Metals
                           by
                   Emily D. Copenhaver
                   Benita K. Wilkinson
              Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
         Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D4-F476
                    Project Officer

                    Mike H. Roulier
      Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
      Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
                Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
      MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
           OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268

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                                 DISCLAIMER


     This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agnecy, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.                                                               s

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                                  FOREWORD
     The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health
and welfare of the American people.  Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natureal environment.
The complexity of that environment and the interplay between its components
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.

     Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solu-
tion and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and searching
for solutions.  The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops new
and improved technology and systems for the prevention, treatment, and man-
agement of wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges from
municipal and community sources, for the preservation and treatment of public
drinking water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social, health,
and aesthetic effects of pollution.  This publication is one of the products
of that research; a most vital communications link between the researcher and
the user community.

     The Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division contributes to these
program objectives by conducting research to promote improved solid waste
management.  This report presents the results of a search of recent litera-
ture on transport, transformation, and retention in soil of selected
hazardous substances.
                                      Francis T.  Mayo, Director
                                      Municipal Environmental  Research
                                      Laboratory

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                                  ABSTRACT


     This bibliography was prepared by the Toxic Materials Information
Center (TMIC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the Solid and Hazardous
Waste Research Division, EPA Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio.  The bibliography is intended for use by personnel con-
cerned, either via research or management, with the disposal  of hazardous
wastes, other than sewage sludge, on land.  It is the result of a search of
recent literature (1970 through 1974) and includes information on the trans-
port, transformation, and soil retention of arsenic, asbestos, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc, halogen-
ated hydrocarbons, pesticides, and other hazardous substances.  About half
of the 2000 entries  include an abstract.  In order to limit the size of the
resulting publication, the literature search focused on processes directly
related to transport (adsorption, ion exchange, etc.) and documentation of
the occurrence and extent of transport while specifically excluding topics
such as uptake and translocation  by plants, modeling, and effects on micro-
organisms and processes mediated  by microorganisms.  The  bibliography has
been divided  into two volumes  to  facilitate  its use; the  pesticides cita-
tions have been  placed  in a separate  volume.

     In addition to  the TMIC's own data  files,  the  following sources were
searched:  Soils and Fertilizers  Abstracts  (1972  -  1974 plus bibliographies
covering older material); Pollution Abstracts  (1970  - 1974); Environment
Abstracts, formerly  Environment  Access  (December, 1970 -  1974); Chemical
Abstracts and BioResearch Index  (1970 -  1974);  Nuclear Science Abstracts
(1972 - 1974); U.S.  Government Reports  (1973 -  1974); Health Effects of
Environmental Pollutants  (1972 -  1974);  Health  Aspects of Pesticides Abstract
Bulletin, now Pesticides Abstracts  (1972  -  1974); and Industrial Wastes
Information Bulletin (1973 - 1974).   These  sources,  combined with other
pertinent books, symposia, etc.,  should make this two-volume document rep-
resentative of current  information on movement  of hazardous substances in
soil.  Format for all citations  in this document  is  not uniform; this is
due, in part, to the merging of data  bases without retyping citations.  Each
citation is complete, though the  order of presentation may differ.  This
report was submitted in fulfillment of  Interagency Agreement No. D4-F476 by
Oak Ridge National Laboratories  under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.  This  report covers the period of April 25, 1974
to September 30, 1974.

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                                  CONTENTS





FOREWORD	iii



ABSTRACT   	iv



  1.   Abstracts	    1



  2.   Author Index	117



  3.   Keyword Index	127

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                                            SECTION  I
                                             ABSTRACTS
                                              1-4
i
in Interdisciplinary Study of Transport and
Biological Effects of Nolybdentm  in  the
Environment
Interim Progress Report, June-Dec.  1971;  PB-222
616; Monitoring Agency Bept  No.
NSF-RA/E-72-005;Grant NSF-GI-3001M;  Dec 71,  133
P.; 1971, December

BOLYBDENUB; ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS;  AIR; WATER;
MINING; TRACE ELEMENTS; GEOCHEBI STBY;  HATER
CHEMISTRY; STRESS PHYSIOLOGY;  FOOD  CONTAMINATION;
SOIL ANALYSIS;  ANIMALS; MOLYBDENUM  MIMING;
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS;  MOVEMENT;  TRANSPORT

The purpose of  the research  effort  is  to  examine
the release and transport of molybdenum and  its
subsequent impact on nan and his  environment.
This study has  particular relevance to Denver  and
the surrounding mountainous  and  agricultural
areas which are target areas for  abnormally  high
levels of molybdenum in streams  draining  the
mountainous area to  the vest of  Denver.   The
study consists  of an interdisciplinary effort
which involves:   (1) determining  the sources of
the molybdenum  in surface waters,  (2)  determining
the rates and modes  of transport,  (3)  determining
the targets,  (tt) determining the  biological
cycling,  (5) developing analytical  tools,  (6)
examining the biological effects  particularly
with regard to  calcium transport  and energy
transduction, (7) examining  the  potential
economic ramifications of the  study, (8)  studying
various aspects of the public  perception  of  who
the public holds responsible and  how willing the
public is to participate in  the  solution  of  a
possibly hazardous situation.
agricultural land.  They assume chromium in
cationic form is not toxic (below 500 pp« in the
soil), and that chromates and dichromates do not
occur since they would be reduced by the organic
matter in the sewage.  Thus,  they worry chiefly
about copper, nickel and zinc and calculate a
•zinc equivalent'assuming (1) that copper is
twice as toxic as zinc and nickel 8 times as
toxic as zinc and (2) that the effects are
additive.  Prom various experiments they conclude
it is possible to add zinc to the soil up to 250
ppm over a long period, say 30 years, and (since
there are 2 million pounds of top soil per acre)
this can be expressed as 500  pounds of zinc per
acre or 17 pounds/acre/year.   For a given
analysis of the sludge the amount of dry sludge
which can be added per year  (or less freguently)
can be calculated.  There are some gualifications
if sludge has been applied previously, but if it
was applied more than three years ago, it is
likely any remaining metals in the soil are
unavailable. Analytical methods for determining
available metals are given.  The extraction
procedure is critical.  Where too much of the
toxic metals mentioned above  have been applied,
the effects can be reduced by liming and also by
adding manure or peat.  In some soils (sandy
soils)  it may be necessary to lime frequently.
Boron in excess is toxic to some crops (potatoes,
vegetables, cereals)  and should not be added in
the sludge at more than U pounds/acre (3
pounds/acre if sludge used the previous year); it
is leached out of the soil rapidly.  Other toxic
metals (cobalt, cadmium, lead, mercury)  may occur
occasionally in sewage.  Even on grass (which is
the least sensitive  crop)  to which sewage has
been applied, it is advisable to wait till the
sewage has been washed off the grass by rain
before pasturing to avoid possible toxic hazards
to livestock.  It should also be noted that any
toxicity problem that is allowed to develope will
last for several years.
Accumulation of chromium  51  by  the  Beach  Diatom,
CHAETOCEROS ARBATUB

; Washington University,  Laboratory of  Radiation
Ecology, Seattle, Washington

BLO-20»7-5, App. G, 2 p.;  1969

ABSOBPTION; AGE ESTIMATION;  QUARTZ; SOILS;
CHROMIUM 51; DIATOBITE; FOSSILS

To a culture of about 60  ml  of CBAETOCEBOS
ARAHATUB containing no, or very  little,
particulate matter, one microcurie  of Cr  51  was
added.  The culture was incubated at 18 degrees
centigrade and samples taken at  three,  six,  and
twelve days.  Results indicate that at  least 90
percent of the Cr 51 is taken up in ionic form.
Permissible Levels of Toxic Beta Is in  Sewage  Used
on Agricultural Land

; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,
Tolcarne Drive, Finner, Middlesex B»5  2DT,  England

Agricultural Development Advisory Service,
Advisory Paper Ho. 10, 12 p.;  1971, July

HEAVY METALS; SEWAGE; AGRICULTURE; NITBOGEN;
PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; COPPER; NICKEL; SLODBS; BOBON;
ADDITIVITY; CHBOBIUH; CHOBBATE; PH; CHOPS;  ZINC
EQUIVALENT: AVAILABILITY; LIMING; HANUBE; ORGANIC
HATTER; CEREALS; POTATOES; SENSITIVE SPECIES:
COBALT: CADMIUM; LEAD; BERCORY; VEGETABLES;
ANALYTICAL METHODS; ACTIVATED  SLUDGES

Report deals with setting permissible  levels  for
toxic metals in sewage or sludges applied to
Zinc in Soil

;  Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England

Bibliography No. 1532, 23 p.; 1972, April

SOILS; BOISTUBE; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; PLANT
NUTRITION;  DEFICIENCY; TBACE ELEBENTS; ZINC;
COPPER; LEAD; CADHIUM; UPTAKE; SPECIES
DIFFERENCES; CONCENTRATION; BANGANESE; ORGANIC
BATTER; PHOSPHOBUS; BIOGEOCHEHISTRY; PB; LIMING;
FEBTILIZEBS; CBOP YIELDS; MAGNESIUM; TEA; SEWAGE
SLUDGE; COBN; MOSSES; AIRBORNE DUSTS; DUSTS;
CBITICAL SOIL VALOE;  ECONOMIC RESPONSE; HUMUS;
MIGRATION;  ADSORPTION; CHELATES; BIOASSAY;
COLOBIHETRYj FOUNDRY SMOKE; BICE; PBOSPECTING;
CALCAREOUS  SOILS

Brief results of 85 papers.  Important items are
keyworded.

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5-10
 Environmental Pollution by Lead and Other Hetals

 ;  Illinois Univ., Urbana. Environmental Studies
 Program

 Progress Report Hay 1, 1971   April 30. 1972;
 Bonitoring Agency Bept lo. HSF-HA/E-72-001; Grant
 NSF-GI-26; May 72, 438 p.

 LEAD;  SOILS;  AIR; HATER;  PLANTS; PHOTOSTHTHESIS;
 ANIMALS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; ABALTSIS; MODEL;
 METALS; MOVEMENT; TPACE METALS

 The report constitutes a progress report of
 interdisciplinary research conducted to develop
 an understanding of the movement and effect of
 lead and other trace metals in the environment so
 that decisions regarding control of these
 possible pollutants light be made Bore
 rationally.  Reports of the following sir groups
 are presented:  analytical laboratory, total
 ecosystem group, air-soil-water-plant continual
 group, plant processes group, animal processes
 group, and modeling team.
 Kampf gegen die Belastung der Gevaesser durch
 schver oder nicht abbaubare Stoffe
 In Foederation Europaeischer Gewaesserschutz,
 Informations blatt 19,  81 p.  Proceedings  of
 European Federal the Protection of Haters,
 Fifteenth Symposium; 1972, December

 WASTE HATER; HASTE RECLAMATION; BIODEGRADATION;
 HASTE;  AGRICULTURE; INDUSTRY; SEHAGE;  SLUDGE;
 HATER;  AIR; SOILS: DEGRADATION

 Toxic and noxious substances which accumulate  in
 water,  soil, and air, and  present a  menace  to
 public  health are examined.  The treatment  of
 such substances totally or partially resistent  to
 degradation, substances which are often  contained
 in waste water and sewage  sludge, are  discussed.
 Intensification of research, development of
 economic and technical processes, utilization  of
 wastes  by agriculture, and reintrodnction of
 industrial residues into the circuits  of raw
 materials are stressed.
 Chromium in Hater   A Bibliography

 ;  Office of Hater Resources Research

 National Technical Information Service, O.S.
 Dept.  of commerce, PB 210 921, 126 p.; 1972,  June

 ABSORPTION; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANALYSIS; CHROMIUM;
 EFFLUENT: FERTILIZER; HEAVY METALS; MARINE
 ECOSYSTEM;  NON-FERROOS BETALS; PLATING; METAL
 FINISHING;  RADIOACTIVE HASTES; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
 SLUDGE TREATMENT; TEXTILE INDUSTRY; TREATMENT
 PLANT;  ONDERGROOND AQUIFERS; HASTE DISPOSAL;
 HATER;  SLUDGE

 83  abstracts covering the period up to Hay  1972
 with a  significant description index and a  title
 index.   One of series of bibliographies based on
 selected  Hater Resources Abstracts.
8
Recommended Code of Practice - For the Handling
and Disposal of Asbestos Haste Materials

; Asbestosis Research Council

The Asbestosis Research Council (Sep. 1969); 1969

ASBESTOS; LANDIFLLS; PACKING; HASTE DISPOSAL;
HASTE TIPPING; HASTE COLLECTION: HASTES

Categorizes types of asbestos and methods of
collecting wastes and disposal by tipping.
Lead.  Airborne Lead in Perspective

; National Academy of Sciences, Hashington, DC

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 71-18621U;
International Standard book So. 0-309-019*1-9;
Monitoring Agency Bept. No. 18, 3»2  p.;  1972,
Barch

BIOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION HASHOUT; AIR; PLAHTS;
ANIMALS; LEAD; LEAD POISONING; ANTIKNOCK
TEtRAETHYL LEAD; COST BENEFIT  ANALYSIS;  AEBOSOLS;
SOILS; DISEASES: FOODS; RESPIRATORY  DISEASES;
BLOOD CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS;  HUMANS;  HEVIEH

A review containing information of  interest to
those concerned  with  the  sources,  magnitude, and
distribution of  airborne  lead in the ecosystem
and  with its effects  on human health and welfare,
on plants, and  on  domestic and wild  animals.  It
also presents  useful  information for clinicians
and  laboratory  workers, describes  sampling and
analytic methods for  lead, recommends procedures
for  the collection  and storage of  biologic
samples, and summarizes toxicologic  data on
experimental lead  poisoning.
 10
 Subsurface  Hater  Pollution    A  Selective
 Annotated  Bibliography  Part  3.  Percolation from
 Surface Sources.

 ;  Environmental Protection Agency

 Environmental  Protection  Agency (O.S.)/ PB-211
 342,  162 p.; 1972,  Harch

 ABSORPTION;  ADSORPTION; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
 BIOCONVEHSION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; EFFLUENT;
 GEOLOGY; INCINERATOR  RESIDUES;  LANDFILLS;
 LEACHING;  LEACHATES;  LYSIHETERS; HANAGEHENT;
 MINING;  MUNICIPAL  REFUSE; OILS;  OXYGEN;
 PERMEABILITY;  SBHAGE; SOILS;  UNDERGROUND
 AQUIFERS;  HASTE DISPOSAL: HATER; PERCOLATION

 This  is  a  selective bibliography representing a
 search  of  a  33,980 item data  base, from the
 semimonthly  journal,  "Selected  Hater Resources
 Abstracts".  Each  item has a  150 to 200 word
 abstract.

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                                                                                                     11-15
Hatoral Carbs Liiit Plant Intake of Arsenic
Residues
Agr. Pes., 18(11), 6; 1970

ARSENIC; RESIDUES; PLANTS; ROOTS; UPTAKE;
ADSOBPTION; LEACBIHG; POTTED CORN; IRON;
ALOMINOM; ARSENATE; FATE; ORGANIC ARSBNICALS;
SOILS; LEAD; INSECTICIDES; CLAT; CORN; SANDI SOILS

Arsenic residues, which accumulate in the soil
after repeated applications, are not generally
harmful to plants because root uptake is limited
bf adsorption and leaching of the residues.  Hhen
these mechanisms are not available, arsenic
usually stunts the grovth of plants or kills them
before they accumulate significant residues.  In
an experiment with potted corn, 250 pp» arsenic
reduced grovth 50% in 4 veeks.  Research is being
conducted by the Agricultural Research Service in
Beltsville, Maryland, on lessening the
availability of arsenic to root systems by
leaching or adding iron and aluminum, natural
adsorbents for inorganic arsenate.  The ultimate
fate of organic arsenicals in soil is also being
studied.  Five to 15 ppm arsenic naturally occurs
in most soils and some soils have up to 40 ppm.
Concentrations of 10 to 2500 ppm were found in 70
samples of soil knovn to have had repeated and
frequently heavy treatments of lead arsenate
insecticide.  In samples of sandy lakeland soil
from Florida, taken from 1 to 6 ft deep,
concentrations amounting to OB Ib/acre vere
found, but the top 12 inches contained 34
Ib/acre, owing to leaching.  Finer textured Nev
York soil, high in clay content, containing
slightly less aluminum and iron, accumulated more
arsenic.  Of applied arsenic, 47* remained in the
top 6 in of Nev York soil, while 3% was found in
the top 6 inches of lakeland soil.
12
Zinc in Soils of the Central Chernozem Region

Aderikhin, P.G.; Kopaeva, H.T.

Agrokhimiya, 3, 88-92; 1968

ZINC; SOILS; CHERNOZEM

Full tables are given of profile (0-150 cm)
determinations of some physical and chemical soil
properties and zinc contents of 11 soils.  Total
zinc in the plow horizon varied from 31 to 81
mg/kg.
13
Long-Lived Pollutants in Sediments from the
Laguna Atascosa National Rildlife Refuge, Texas

ihr, W.H.; Dep. Geol., Texas A And B Oniv.,
College Station, Tex.

Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. (BOGMAF)  1973, 84(8),
2511-15; 1973

DDT; SOILS;  LEAD; ARSENIC; ORGANOCHLORINES;
INSECTICIDES; SEDIMENTS
New Data on Hercury Geochemistry

Aidin'yan, N.K.; Ozerova, N.A.

Part of Chnkhrov, P.V. (Ed.), Probl. Geol. diner.
Bestorozhd., Petrologii Mineral., Izd. Nanka,
Moscow, OSSR, 1, 191-199; 1969

GEOCBEMISTHI; BEBCOBT; ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION;
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; BOCKS; MINERALS;
WATER; MIGRATION; ADSORPTION; SOILS; RIVERS; SEA;
OCEAN

Neutron activation analysis of mercury in rocks,
minerals, and waters provided new data on the
behavior of mercury in various geological
processes.  Cinnabar and native mercury are
easily transferred into agueous solution in
amounts of 1.6 to 3.5 parts per million in the
absence of strong oxidizers, but mercury
migration in sedimentary rocks in insignificant
because of adsorption by soils.  Recent
experiments showed that argillaceous schists
extract 75 to 100 and dolomitized siltstones 30
to 1 percent of the mercury present in solution.
These data greed veil with the geological
observation. The average mercury content in
waters of rivers, seas, and oceans was 0.01 parts
per million.  The mercury is distributed
nonuniformly in vertical section of soils:
somewhat lov mercury contents are typical of
humus horizon and elevated of illnvial because of
the presence of sorbents (iron and aluminum
oxides) .
15
Photochemical Formation of Methylmercuric
Compounds from Mercuric Acetate

Akagi, H.; Takabatake, E.; Inst. Pnbl. Health,
Tokyo, Japan

Chemosphere 2/3, 131-133; 1973

MERCURY; NETHYLHBRCORY; MERCURIC ACETATE;
PHOTOCHEMICAL ALKYLATION; AQDATIC ECOSYSTEMS;
MERCURIC CHLORIDE; ACETIC ACID; NETHANOL;
ETBANOL; METHYL CHLORIDE; ETHYLHBRCORIC CHLORIDE;
PROPIONIC ACID; ALCOHOL; FATTY ACIDS;  DEGRADATION

In the course of studies on photochemical
alkylation of inorganic mercuric compounds in
aquatic environments, it vas previously observed
that  irradiation with sunlight converted
mercuric chloride into methylmercuric   chloride
in the presence of a small amount of acetic acid,
methanol or ethanol, and into both methyl and
ethylmercuric chlorides in the presence of
propionic acid.  Among these alcohols  and fatty
acids, acetic acid which occurs videly in nature
as a degradation product of various organic
materials, proved to be the most effective methyl
donor for the formation of methylmercuric
compounds. In this paper the authors describe a
study of the photochemical methylation using
mercuric acetate, a hypothetical intermediate of
the reaction, under agaeons conditions.  A 20
watt blacklight lamp having the same spectral
distribution as sunlight was used to maintain a
stable light intensity throughout the
experiments.  It vas found that sunlight
irradiation of mercuric acetate under  aqueous
conditions results in the formation of
methylmercuric compounds, which explain the
production in nature of methylated product from
mercuric compounds under conditions where
mercuric acetate is released.

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16-21
 16
 Bole of Complex  Metal-Containing  Organic
 Compounds in the Migration of  Iron, Aluminium,
 Calcium, Magnesium,  Potassium  and Sodium Along
 the Profile of Gray  Forest and Solodised Soils of
 the Central-Russian  Steppe

 Akhtyrtsev, B.P.;  Kader,  G.B.;  Voronezhskii
 Gosudarstvennyi  Oniversitet, OSSH

 Biologicheskie Nauki,  1i»(7), 106-111;  1971

 MIGRATION; IRON;  ALONINUM; CALCIOM; MAGNESIUM;
 POTASSIOH; SODIUM; SOIL;  HOHDS

 Organic latter accumulates elements such as  P, Ca
 and Mg in the hums  horizon, while aiding the
 •igration of other elements  from  the complex
 •etal-containing  organic  compounds.
 17
 Copper Contents  in  the Organic  Component  of
 Podzol Type  Soils

 Aleshchukin, L.v.

 Och  Zap  Bosk GOS Pedagog  Inst im  Lenin a 302  1968
 Trans  11-17.

 COPPER;  PODZOl;  SOILS
 18
 Nonbiodegradable  and Other  Recalcitrant Molecules

 Alexander, (I.; Lab. Soil  Hicrobicl.  Dept.
 Agronomy, Cornell Only.,  Ithaca,  N.T.  14850

 Biotechnol. Bioengineering,  15(4),  611-647;  1973

 RESISTANCE; DEGRADATION;  MICBOOBGANISHS; ORGANIC
 COHPODNDS; MODEL; iATER;  SOUS;  COST/BENEFIT
 ANALYSIS; DEGRADATION;  HICBOOBGANISHS;  ECOSYSTEMS

 Many natural products show  remarkable  durability
 in natural ecosystems,  and  some  of  these
 substances are of great practical concern.   A
 Tariety of types  of synthetic compounds are  also
 persistent in nature, and this resistance  is of
 importance because of the large  amounts of such
 chemicals now manufactured  and their effects in a
 rariety of  environments.   The degradation of
 synthetic chemicals results mainly  from
 activities of microorganisms, and attempts to
 minimize pollution of vater and  soil vould be
 facilitated were  there  adequate  information  on
 why many pollutants are so  refractory.
 Unfortunately, little is  Known about why manmade
or even natural organic compounds are  not
destroyed at rates  sufficiently  repaid to
 prevent appreciable accumulations and
occasionally ecological disturbances of
considerable proportions.   Environmental
 protection requires that  a  synthetic chemical
should be converted to  inorganic products in a
 reasonably short  period of  time.  The  material
should, of course, not  be subject to
biodeterioration  during the  period it  is being
used for its intended purpose, but it  should  be
destroyed once it is no longer needed and is
introduced into waters, soils, or  °*her disposal
sites.  Biodegradability of a compound often can
be increased by appropriate structural
modifications.  These •°dificatl°n%ca%1n?0durts
replacement of compounds or manufactured Products
potentially dangerous in natural ecosystems and
some that are undesirable for asthetic reasons
with others which do not last sufficiently long
in nature to be either hazardous or offensive.
The cost of manufacture may be increased because
of the additional requirement for
bicdegradability, but if society wishes to enjoy
the benefits it now obtains from synthetic
chemicals and yet have an environment free of
toxic or offensive materials, it will have to
accept the possible burden of additional cost.
On the other hand, adequate knowledge  of the
mechanisms of recalcitrance may allow not only
for a sound approach  to the development of new
chemical products but lead to new materials that
can be produced with little or no added cost.
 19
 Soil  Pollution

 Alexander,  N.

 ONESCO and  HBO.   Global  Impacts  of  Applied
 Microbiology.   Uth  International Conference.  Sao
 Paulo, Brazil,  July 23-28,  1973. 35 p.  Onipub.,
 Inc.;  P.O.  Box  433, New  York,  N.I.,  D.S.A.  1973

 MICROORGANISMS;  PESTICIDES;  BEAVY METALS; AIR;
 CARCINOGENS;  SOILS
 20
 Agronomic Controls  Over Environmental Cycling of
 Trace Elements

 Allaway,  w.R.

 Advan.  Agron.  20, 235-274;  1968

 AGRONOMY;  CYCLING;  TRACE ELEMENTS
 21
 Heavy  Metal  Content of Plants Growing on Soils
 Contaminated by  Lead  Mining

 Alloway,  B.S.; Davies, B.E.; University of iales

 Journal of Agricultural Science, 76(2), 321;
 1971.  April

 PLANTS: SOILS; LEAD MINING; CONCENTRATION; LEAD;
 ZINC;  COPPER; ATOMIC  ABSORPTION
 SPECTBOPHOTOHBTBY; UPTAKE; CROPS; ASH; HERBAGE

 Plants grown in  fields known to contain large
 concentration of lead, zinc, and copper were
 analyzed  by  absorption spectroscopy.  Plants  were
 washed, dried and dry washed at 430 degrees C.
 Ash was taken up in 0.1 M  (H NO3) Nitric Acid.
 Control samples  (6) were taken from areas known
 to be  of  low cation concentration and compared
 with five samples from mining fields.  Generally.
 herbage from contaminated fields was richer in
 •etals. Species and site differences control
 uptake and all parts of the plant are affected.
 Toxiclty symptoms are no guide to plants  metal
 content and maximum acceptable lead
concentrations are exceeded in apparently healthy
crops.

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                                                                                                      22-27
22
The Influence of Soil Arsenic on the Growth  of
Lovbnsh Blaeberry

Anastasia, F.B.; Render, R.J.; Procter S Gamble
Co., Industrial Chemicals Div., Cincinnati, OB
45217

Journal of Environmental Quality,  2(3), 335-337;
1973

ARSENIC; INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES; PLAITS; SOILS;
BLUEBERRY; CALCIOH ARSENATE

Samples of commercial and virgin soils taken froi
various low bosh blaeberry  (VACCINION
ANGOSTIFOLIOH) areas in Maine contained
•easorable amounts of arsenic.  The highest
levels vere in soils from commercial fields which
had been treated repeatedly vith calcium arsenate
for insect control.  The amount cf arsenic
decreased as the soil depth increased.  Soils
from commercial blaeberry fields ranged from 7.7
to 37.8 ppm while virgin soils ranged  from 5.7 to
7.0 ppm in  the upper levels.  Low bush blueberry
plants grown at arsenic levels of  7.7, 17.1,
43.8, 69.5 and 84.5 ppm in a loamy sand in the
greenhouse were injured only at the highest
level.  at greater than or egual to 9.5 ppm
arsenic blueberry plant growth Was significantly
inhibited when compared to plants  grown at 7.7
ppm arsenic.  The greatest arsenic accumulation
in blueberry tissue occurred in the roots with
decreasing amounts in the stems and leaves,
respectively.  Rhen foliar arsenic reached 6.7
ppm, a significant reduction in plant  growth
resulted,  although arsenic was present in all
field soils analyzed, at no point  did  the amount
exceed that which was necessary to produce a
redaction in plant growth under greenhouse
conditions.
23
Analysis of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a
Benzene Soluble Bitumen From Green Diver Shale

Anders, D.E.; Doolittle, F.G.; Robinson, I.E.

Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 37(5). 1973, 1213-1228

PLANTS; BIOCHEMICAL RES IDOES; MASS SPECTBOSCOPT;
INFRARED SPECTBOSCOPT; GAS CHROHATOGRAPHY;
DEHYDROGERATION; BITOMEN; BENZENE; HYDROCARBONS;
AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS; SHALE
21
System Simulation to Identifiy Environmental
Research Reeds Mercury Contamination

Anderson, A.A.; Anderson, J.M.; Bayer, L.E.

Oikos, 24(2), 231-238; 1973

FISH; SOILS; STREAMS; SEA; AIR; FOSSIL FUELS;
COHBOSTION; FDELS; MERCOHY
25
Effect of HOCOR-ALTBRNANS on the Persistence of
DDT and Dieldrin in Culture and in Soil

Anderson, J.P.; Lichtenstein, B.P. ;  Rhittingham,
H.F.

J. Econ. Entomol., 63(5), 1595-1599; 1970

PERSISTENCE; DDT; DIELDRIN; COLTORES; SOILS;
INSECTICIDES

H. ALTERJANS isolated from a loamy soil incubated
with DDT or dieldrin partially degraded DDT
within 2-4 days in shake cultures into 3
heianesoloble and 2 water-soluble metabolites.
After application of Carbon 14-DDT,  42X of the
totally recovered radioactivity was represented
by the 2 water-soluble metabolites.  There was
some evidence of the breakdown of dieldrin, but
no metabolites.
26
Incidence of Mercury in Illinois Pheasants
Anderson, R.L.; Stewart, P.L.
Hist. Surv., Orbana, 111.
                               Illinois Nat.
Trans. 111. State Acad. Sci. (TISAAB)  1971, 64(3),
237-41; 1971

PHEASANT; MEBCORt; BIRDS; SOILS

Pheasants (20)  collected in east-central Illinois
during August 1970 were analyzed for elemental
mercury by emission spectrography and frequencies
of occurrence and mean concentrations were
kidneys, 35X and greater than 0.06 ppm, livers,
401 and 0103 ppm, brains 15* and 0.32 ppm, leg
muscles, 25% and 0.02 ppm,  and sternal muscles,
15* and 0.03 ppm.  The high mean concentrations
in brains was due to 5.93 ppm found in one bird.
The 2nd highest individual concentration was 0.44
ppm and occurred in kidneys.  Eight soil samples,
collected from the fields in which the pheasants
were taken, contained a mean of 0.02 plus - 0.01
ppm Hg.  Neither pheasants nor soils in
east-central Illinois appear to be contaminated
with potentially dangerous levels of Rg.
27
Mercury in Soils

Andersson, A.

Grundforbattring, 20, 95-105; 1967

SOILS; HOMOS; PH; BOGS; PODZOL;  BYDHOHORPHIC;
HEBCORI

Average mercury content in 273 Swedish and 14
African soils was 60.1 and 23 ng/g, respectively.
Cultivated soils generally contained more
mercury than did uncultivated soils, although
both the maximum (922 Ng/g)  and the minimum  (4
ng/g)  contents were found in uncultivated soils.
Mercury content of the surface soil was 5-10
times higher than that of the subsoil (average
2-10 ng/g) .  Mercury was adsorbed mostly on the
humus fraction at low pH values and on the
mineral colloids at higher Pbjs. Graphs show the
distribution of mercury with 'depth in profiles of
a raised bog, and podzol and a hydromorphic soil.

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28-35
 28
 Enrichment  of  Trace  Elements froi  Sewage  Sludge
 Fertilizer  in  Soils  and  Plants

 Andersson,  A.;  Nilsson,  K.O. ; Department  of  Soil
 Science,  Aricultural College of  Sweden, Uppsala
 Sweden

 Ambio,  1(5),  176-179;  1972,  October

 TRACE ELEBENTS;  SEWAGE SLODGE; SOUS;  PLANTS;
 MANGANESE;  ZINC;  COPPER;  NICKEL; COBALT;
 CHROMIUM; LEAD;  CADMIUM;  HERCOHT;  MOLYBDENUM;
 ARSENIC;  BORON;  SELENIUM;  NBOTBON  ACTIVATION
 ANALYSIS; COLORIHET8Y; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
 SPECTROPBOTOMETRY

 Soils are more easily aerated than vater,
 consequently  oxygen  depletion is not the  same
 problem.  The  soil can receive large  amounts  of
 organic matter per unit  volume  that  can be
 decomposing without  the  harmful  effects from
 anaerobic and  reducing conditions  that occur in
 the  aquatic environment.  The plant nutrients
 released  by the decomposition process increase
 the  production of new organic material which is
 harmful in  the water environment,  but in
 soils--and  in  cultivated soils  in  particular—the
 same effect is favorable,   then  wastes are
 decomposed  by  microorganisms in  the  soil, plant
 nutrients are  released and made  available to the
 plant roots.   They can be used  in  the production
 of  new  organic material  and the  result will be
 increased yields.  So far there have been no
 problems  in using the soil for  disposal  of sewage
 sludeg.  Bowever, sewage sludge also contains
 hazardous components of domestic and industrial
 origin.  As sludge decomposes,  these elements are
 released  along with plant nutrients and  become
 sorbed  to the soil colloids.  The sorption is
 strong  enough  to protect them from leaching, but
 to  some extent they are still available to the
 plant roots.   The effect is a gradual enrichment
 of  the  soil and in some cases increased
 resorption  by plants and transference to the food
 chains.  When municipal waste products are to be
 osed for  agricultural purposes,  the application
 rates recommended should be based on the content
 of  potentially harmful components. The Uppsala
 sewage  sludge contained high contents of zinc,
 copper, mercury and selenium in amounts  greater
 than in the soil.  The extraetable mercury, zinc,
 copper, and selenium were increased by more than
 100  percent and nickel,  chromium and lead by more
 than 50 percent.  In the vegetation grown on the
 soil, zinc, copper,  arsenic, nickel, chromium,
 mercury and molybdenum were increased by 50
 percent or  more.  Arsenic, manganese and cobalt
 increased in  the vegetation by a greater
 percentage  than the increase in the soil and many
 other elements by about the same percentage.
Contents of Mobile copper and Zinc in Sod
Podzolic Soils of Western Polesie

Andrushchenko, G.A.;  Dzyaman, T.D.

Bikroele. Sel'Sk Khoz Med 5 1969 Trans 12«-132.

COPPER; ZINC; SOD PODZOLIC SOILS; SOILS
Mathematical Model for Migration of
Badiostrontium in Soil

Anochin, V.L.; Svirezhev, J.M.; Tjurjukanow, A.N.

Aberg. V.; Hungate, P.P.  (Eds.), Proc. of Intern.
svmp  on Badioecological Concentration Processes,
Stockholm, April 25-29, 1966.  Pergamon Press.
Oxford (10HO p.I ; 1966

MODEL; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; SOILS; STBONTIUB;
TRANSPORT; RADIOHOCLIDES; BADIOSTRONTIOM
 32
 The  Movement of Copper in Soils

 Antipov-Karotaev,  I. N.

 Pedology  (OSSR),  652-65.9;  1947

 MOVEMENT;  COPPER;  SOILS



 33
 Pathway of Agrocbemicals.   Mercury  in  Soils

 Aomine, S.

 Kagaku (Tokyo),  37(12),  651-656;  1967

 AGBOCBENICALS;  HEBCDRI;  SOILS;  MOVEMENT
 3
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                                                                                                    36-44
36
The Determination and Distribution of Toxic
Levels of Arsenic in a Silt Loam  Soil

Arnott. J.T.; Leaf, A.L.

Heeds, 15(2), 121-121; 1967

DETERMINATION: DISTRIBUTION; ARSENIC; SILT LOAH;
SOILS; LOAH
41
Environmental Foliation by chromium Slag Brought
to the Reclaimed Land by Pilling

Asami, T.; OniT. Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi (DID HA I) , 1973,
44(6) , 223-225; 1973

SOILS; RECLAMATION; CBROHIOR; SLAG; HATER; GOBI;
FISH
37
Preliminary Studies on the Adsorption  of  Irsenite
in Punjab and Baryana Soils

Arora, S.K.; Singh, B.; Vaid,  U.K.

Indian J. Sci. Ind.,  1, 139-141;  1967

ADSORPTION; ARSESrtE; SOILS; OBGAN 1C NATTER; CLAI
SESQ.OIOIIDES; ARSENIC

The adsorption of arsenic by soils vas affected
mainly by organic natter, but  also by  clay
percentage and amount of sesguiozides.
42
Pollution of Paddy Soils by Cadmium, Zinc, Lead,
and Copper in the Oust, Fume, and Haste Rater
from Iisso Aizu Smelter

Asami, T.; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Nippon Dojo-Biryogaku Zasshi (Ridhaz) , 43(9),
339-43; 1972

SOILS; SHELTERS; CAD81 OH; ZIRC; LEAD; COPPER;
DDSTS; FORES; iASTEHATEB; PADDT SOILS; PADDIES
38
Solnbilization of Iron Containing Minerals by
Soil Microorganisms

Arrieta, L.; Grez, B.

Appl. Hicrobiol., 22(4),  1971, 487-490

PORGI; THIN LATER CHROBATOGBAPHT: SOILS; IRON



39
Photodecomposition and Stability of Formetanate

Arnrkar, S.K.; Knovles, C.O.

Trans. Ro. Acad. Sci. 5,  1971  (Reed 1972), 38-42

ACARICIDE; INSECTICIDES;  PHOTODECOHPOSITIO1I;
FORHETARATE
40
Decomposition of Formetanate Acaricide in Soil

Arurkar, S.K.; Knovles, C.O.; Rissouri
Oniversity, Columbia, Hissonri

Bull. EnT. Contam. Tozicol., 5, 324-328; 1970

DSCOHPOSITIOR; FORHETARATE; SOILS ACAHICIDB;
DEGRADATION; PR

In river bottom soil of pH 8, formetanate
decomposition vas rapid and the major identified
degradation products vere
m-formaminophenyl-R-methylcarbamate,
m-formaminophenol, and m-aminophenol. Hhen
formetanate was incubated vith Tris-HCI buffer
(pB 7.4) for 4 hours, the same materials appeared
as predominant hydrolysis products.  In soil, the
formetanate concentration decreased from 53.7* at
1 day to 10.4% after 16 days.
43
Nickel Pollution

Ashton, H.H.;  Dept. of Biochemistry and
Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of
Hales, Aberystvyth, Rales

Nature, 237, 46-47; 1972, Hay 5

NICKEL; BERBAGE; COPPER; ARSERIC; SOILS; RBEAT;
OATS; POTATOES; GRASSES; ATONIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOHETHT; COLOBIHETBT; CONCENTRATION

Samples of soils and herbage from near a nickel
refinery in Rales in 1934, shoved considerable
contamination  of soils and herbage by nickel,
copper, and traces of arsenic.  In oats and vheat
the leaves shoved by far the greatest
contamination  but some of it washed off.
Herbage, trees and livestock vere in poor
condition in this area.  In 1940, a nev much
cleaner process of nickel extraction vas adopted
and soil and vegetation samples taken in 1971
shoved a marked decrease in contamination.
44
Concentration Effects on Cesinm-137, Zinc-65,
Cobalt-60, And Rntheninm-106 Sorption by Marine
Sediments, vith Geochemical Implications

Aston, S.R.; Duursma, E.K.; Int. Lab. Har.
Radioact., laea, Ronaco

Reth. J. Sea Res. (RJSRBA) , 1973, 6(1-2), 225-40;
1973

FALLOOT; SEA; SEDIMENTS; CESIOR 137; ZIRC 65;
COBALT 60; ROTBENIDH 106;  SOBPTION; HABIRE; SEA
IATER; HATER; GEOCHEMISTRY

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45-48
45
Understanding the Dynamic Behavior of
Radionuclides Released to the Environment and
Inplications

Auerbach, S.I.j Kaye. S.V.; Nelson, D.J.;
Reichle. D.E.; Dunaway, P.B.; Booth, 8.S.; Oak
Ridge national Laboratory, Oak Bidge, Tennessee
37830

A/CONF-49/P-85, Prepared for Fourth International
Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,
Geneva, Switzerland, September 6, 1971,  18 p.;
1971, September

HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT; TRITIUM; ANTIBODY  125;
CESIUM  137; COBALT 60; RDTHENION  106; STRONTIOS
90; ZINC 65; FALLOUT; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FISSION
PRODUCTS; RADIONDCLIDES; ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;
PLANTS; SOILS; CERIUM IQII; NIOBIDH 95; ZIRCONIOH
95; DIFFUSION; INTERACTIONS; CALCIUH 45; IODINE
131; POTASSIOB 42; ROBIDIOR 86; SODIUM 22;
STRONTIUH 85; FOOD CHAINS; MONITORING; RADIATION
DOSES;  RADIATION; COHREALTION; FISH; CRUSTACEANS;
BOLLOSKS; INSECTS; BOVEHENT; TERBESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; FOREST

The environmental behavior of radionuclides
released to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
from both routine plant operations and tracer
experiments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL)  has been studied by ecologists during the
past 15 years.  Tvo important aspects of these
continuing studies are:   (1) radionuclides used
as tracers in the environment help to delineate
complex ecological processes and  (2) radiolabels
quantifying rate processes provide primary
ecological information for developing dynamic
models  of radionnclide transfers  to man.  Systems
analysis techniques are being used to simulate
the environmental behavior of radionnclides.
Chronic releases of small guantities of
radionnclides to Unite Oak Lake and the  Clinch
Biver have provided a unique case study  of  the
environmental behavior of several radionaclides.
Radionuclides occurring regularly in organisms
from White Oak Lake include Sr 90, Cs  137,  Co 60,
and H 3.  Occasionally Bu 106, Sb 125, and  Zn 65
are found.  Because of dilution,  only Sr 90  and
Cs 137  are found regularly in the Clinch River.
Coupling of field and laboratory  data on selected
radionuclides in fish, aquatic insects,  mollnsks,
and crustaceans provides the necessary parameters
for dynamic models of radionnclide movements in
aquatic ecosystems.  Research in  terrestrial
ecosystems has emphasized the biogeochemical
cycling of fission products In forest, grassland,
and old field ecosystems. Badionuclide dynamics
(Co 60, Sr 90, Sr 95-Hb 95, Bu 106, Cs 137,  and
Ce 144) in natural plant communities have been
followed where soil reaction products have
formed.  Plant translocations and food-chain
studies with Na 22, K 42, Ca 45,  Sr 85,  Rb  85, I
131, and Cs 137 have detailed pathways and  fluxes
of additional radionnclides in these ecosystems.
Besearch has provided insight into the budgets
and turnover times of major nutrient elements and
potentially hazardous radionnclides in
contrasting ecological systems.   Fifteen years of
environmental research at OBNL strongly  suggests
that the dose necessary to evoke  an unequivocally
detectable biological response is considerably
greater than that resulting from  maximum
permissible concentrations in the environment.

in Eastern Prance

Aussenac,  G. ;  Bonneau,  B.;  Le Tacon,  F.

Oecol. Plant,  7(1).  1972,  1-21
BINBRALS;  FORESTS
Possible aicrobial contribution to Nitrosamine
Formation in Sewage and Soil

Ayanaba, A.; Verstraete, i.; Alexander. H.;
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,
P.B.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria

J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 50(3), 1973, 811-813

BICROOBGANISBS; DIHETHYLABINE; DIBETHYL
NITBOSABINE; THIRAB; FUNGICIDES; SEWAGE; SOILS;
TRANSFORBATION; TRIBETHYLABINE; DMA

Microorganisms is sewage converted trimethylamine
to dimethylamine (DBA) and  also produced
dimethylnitrosamine. DNA formation was solely the
result of microbial activity. Host of the
nitrosamine generated from  added DMA and nitrite
at neutral pH was consequence of microbial
metabolism. The nitrosamine also formed in acid
soil  from DMA and in acid sewage from the
fungicide thiram. Although  nitrosamines have not
yet been found, or  actively sought, in unamended
sewage or soil, these findings indicate a
potential for their formation  in such
environments.
 48
 Influence  of  Phosphorus  Buildup on Availability
 of  Micro Nutrients  in  Red  Soils of Bangalore

 Badannr, V.P.;  Venkata Rao,  B.v.

 Soil  Sci.,  116(4),  1973, 292-294

 ZINC;  COPPER;  MANGANESE; BICBONDTRIBNTS; SOILS;
 PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABILITY

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                                                                                                     49-54
<49
Bydrolytic Behavior of Toxic Ratals

Baes, C.F.; Hesmer, R.E.; Oak Ridge Rational
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH 37830

Fart of Ecology and Analysis of Trace
Contaiminants, Progress Report, Jane 1972-January
1973, ORNL-HSF-EATC 1, HSF and Oak Ridge Rational
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH, (p.227-245)  »tt9 p.;
1973

PB; HTDROLTSIS; OXIDES; HYDROXIDES; HEBCOBT;
ZINC; CADHIOH; COPPER; BEBILLIOB; LEAD; TIH;
BISHOTB; ARSENIC; ANTIMONY; MOLYEDENON; CHBOHIOH;
SELENIUM; VARADIDH; COBALT; NICKEL; MANGANESE;
THALLIUM; BTDROLTTIC BEHAVIOR

Host metal ions hydrolyze in solutions of
intermediate pH to produce a set of hydroxy
completes, H (x) (OH) (y) (nr-y) , whose identities
are often unresolved and vhose distributions
depend on both metal ion concentration and pH.
Identification of the formula  and charge of
these hydrolysis products is essential to
understanding important aspects of the chemistry
of the element.  In fiscal year 1973 ve have
selected ten important toxic metal ions for a
critical review of the extensive literature  on
their hydrolysis behavior.  These are:  Hg2+,
Zn2+, Cd2», Cu2*, Be2», Pb2», Sn2+, Bi3*, As(III)
and Sb (III).  Reviews of the first six of these
are now complete so that the identity of the
significant hydrolysis species has been judged
and the best values selected for equilibrium
quotients relating these to  the acidity and the
solid oxide and hydroxide phases which occur.
The review of Cd2» is complete hot the data will
be reported later.  This information will be made
available to researchers in the field through
review articles.  A program of experimental work
deemed necessary to fill in gaps in the knowledge
of  hydrolytic behavior of the first six metal
ions is proposed at a one man year level.  In
addition we propose at some future time the
extension of such a review to the ions of
approximately eight more metals including Bo, Cr,
Se, 1, Co, Hi, Hn, and Tl.
50
Radio! so tope Migration in Soil

Baetsle, L.; Baes, H.

Pedologie, 1U, 205-227; 196U

MIGRATION; SADIOISOTOPES; SOILS



51
Computational Methods for the Prediction of
Underground Movement of Radionuclides

Baetsle, L. H.

Nuclear Safety, 8, 576-88; 1967

RADIONOCLIDES; MOVEMENT PREDICTION; MATHEMATICAL
MODEL; ORDERGBOUND; BOVEMERT; UNDERGROUND
MOVEMENT;  MODEL
52
Storage and Disposal of Iron Ore Processing
Hastewater

Baillod, C.R.; Alger, G.R.; Michigan
Technological University, Dept. of Civil
Engineering, Honghton, HI

O.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
and Development Report Number EPA 660/2-74-018;
197«, March

RASTEHATBR; IRON ORE; TAILINGS BASIR; EFFLOERTS;
TRANSPORT; PLANTS; IATER; PRBCIPITATIOR; OUTFLOW;
SEEPAGE; TICICBRING; SLURRIES; TAILINGS; ORB;
HTDROLOGT; COAGOLATION; IMPOUNDMENTS; MINE
IASTBS; SEDIMENTATION HASTES; INDUSTRIAL HASTES;
TACONITE HASTES; VACOOM FILTRATION; HATER

This study was concerned with the handling of
wastewater resulting from the concentration of
low grade iron ore. Specific objectives were to
develop tailings basin design and management
criteria, to investigate methods of treating
basin effluents, and to investigate transport
characteristics of particulate materials
contained in basin discharges.  These objectives
were accomplished through laboratory and field
studies  conducted at the tailings impoundment
systems associated with two iron ore
concentrating plants located in tipper Michigan.
Annual water balances were formulated for the
tailings system at each plant to show the
relative importance  of precipitation, surface
outflow and seepage.  Settling column and dye
dispersion tests were Esp.lay«cl to predict
concentrations of suspended aaterial remaining in
basin effluents.  The cost effectiveness of
various coagulation systems for treating basin
effluent was investigated.  Particular attention
was devoted to a study of the thickening and
dewatering characteristics of the slurry produced
by chemical coagulation of the basin effluent.
Synthesis of alternative systems for handling
tailings wastewater was hampered by a  lack of
information on water quality requirements for
reuse within ore concentrating processes.
Finally, settling column experiements in which
fine tailings particles were diluted with various
natural waters were conducted.
53
A New Approach to Soil Testing. Part 2. Ionic
Equilibria Involving Hydrogen, Potassium,
Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Iron, Copper,
Zinc, Sodium, Phosphorus and Sulfur

Baker, D.E.

Soil Sci. Am. Proc., 37(«), 1973, 537-5U1

DIETHILBMETRIAMINE PENTAACETIC-ACID; ION
AVAILABILITY; HYDROGEN; POTASSIUM; CALCIUM;
HAGNESIDN; MANGANESE; IROR; COPPEE; ZINC; SODIUM;
PHOSPHORUS; SDLFUR; SOIL AHALYSIS
The Role of Humic Acids from Tasmanian Podzolic
Soils in Mineral Degradation and Metal
Mobilization

Baker, H.E.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 37(2), 269-281; 1973

SULFIDE; HUMIC ACIDS; DEGRADATION; MOBILIZATION

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55-60
 55
 Loss of 2,i»-D in Kashoff from Cultivated Fallow
 Land

 Barnett, A. P.; Hauser, E.g.; ihite, A. i •
 Holladay, J.H.

 Seeds,  15(2), 133-37; 1967

 2.H-D;  IIASHOFF; SOILS; FALLOB LAUD; CULTIVATIOH
 56
 Quantitative Correlation of Trace Elements
 Between Soils and Botherrock

 Barragna, L.E.; Iniquez, H.J.; Fac. Farm., Oniv.
 Navarra,  Mavarra, Spain

 An.  Edafol.  Agrobiol. (AEDAAB) , 1973, 32(1-2),
 89-97;  1973

 SOILS;  HOCK; TBACE BLEBEHTS; IBOH; COBBELATIOH;
 COPPER; BOTHERROCK
 57
 On  the  Displacement of Adsorbed Anions from Soil:
 2.  Displacement of Phosphate by Arsenate

 Barrow,  H.J. ;  CSIBO,  DiTision of Plant Industry,
 iembley,  Western Australia

 Soil  Science,  117(1),  28-33

 SOILS;  ABSEHATE; PHOSPHATES; PH; ABSEHIC ACID;
 LITHIUM;  SODIDB: POTASSIHH; CATIOHS

 The ability of solutions of arsenate to displace
 previously adsorbed phosphate from soil was
 investigated.   Displacement increased with
 concentration  of arsenate, with time of shaking,
 and with  pH.   There was a Barked change in slope
 of  the  pH-displaceaent curve near the pK2 of
 arsenic  acid.   This was taken to indicate that
 arsenate  was competitively displacing
 specifically adsorbed  phosphate.  At equivalent
 concentration  the effectiveness of arsenate
 decreased in the sequence: lithium, sodium,
 potassium.  These differences may be associated
 with  differences between the cations in their
 average distance of approach to a negatively
 charged surface.  Kith increasing time of contact
 between soil and phosphate, the proportion of the
 added phosphate which  was not displaceable by
 arsenate  slowly increased.  The rate of
 conversion  to  a nondisplaceable form increased
 with  temperature.   The conversion occurred over a
 wide  range  of  soil moisture levels.  The
 proportion  converted was not affected by level of
 addition  within the range tested, and it was
 argued that this indicates that conversion does
 not involve diffusion  of phosphate from one site
 to  another  through the solution phase.
58
Contribution to the  Study  of  Equilibria  Between
Soils and Solnticns  of Some Arsenic  and
Phosphorus Compounds

Bastisse, E.B.

Science, 98(1), 5-17; 1967

EQBILIBBI09; SOILS;  ABSEHIC;  PHOSPHORUS

To 160 mg As and P2O5 as KH2ASOU and KB2PO
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                                                                                                      61-69
61
Reduction of Inorganic Compounds  by Soil
Microorganisms

Baatista, E.H.; Alexander, a.; Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York

Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,
36(6), 918-920; 1972

SOILS; REDUCTION; RESTING CELLS;  CELLS; IORS;
SELENATES; SELENITB;  TBLLDRATB;  TELLURITE;
VANADATE; VARADYL; MOLYBDATE;  MOLYBDENUM;
ARSENATE; ARSENIC; HANGANESE OXIDES; HANGANOOS
ION; CHLORATE

Growing cultures, resting cells and cell extracts
of two soil isolates, PICHIA GOILLBRHORDII and  a
HICROCOCCUS species, reduced several inorganic
ions  and compounds.  The capacity to reduce
selenate, selenite, tellnrate  and tellarite to
elemental forms, vanadate to a *anadyl compound,
•olybdate and •olybdenun trioxide to a molybdenum
blue coipoand, arsenate to arsenite, HnO2 to the
•anganoas ion, and chlorate to a  less oxidized
form, Has common to soil microorganisms.
65
Dsing Soil Filtration to Reduce Pollution
Potential of Lagoon Effluent Entering Ground
later Systei

Beer, C.E.; Koelliker, J.K.

PB-203 348, lova State iater Besoarces Research
Inst. 37 p.; 1971, August

SOILS; FILTRATION; LAGOOR; EFFLUENTS; GBOOHD
RATER; WATER
66
Surface Charge Characteristics of Bydroxyapatite
and Fluorapatite

Bell, L.C.; Posner, A.M.; Quirk, J.P.

Nature 239, 515-517; 1972

BTDROITAPATITE; FLDOHAPATITE; SDRFACE CHARGE;
MINERALS
62
Co Metabolisi as a Factor  in  Hicrobial
Degradation of Cycloparaffinic Hydrocarbons

Beam, H.R.; Perry, J.J.; Dept. Hicrobiol., North
Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC

Archives fur Hikrobiol.  1973, 9(1), 87-90; 1973

CARBON; CARBON 14; COBALT;  METABOLISM; HICROBIAL
DEGRADATION; DEGRADATION;  CICLOPARAFFISIC
HYDROCARBON; SOILS; CYCLOHIXANE; ENERGY; CARBON
DIOXIDE; CYCLOALKANONE;  PROPANE; CYCLOPARAFFIN;
CARBON MONOXIDE

All attempts to isolate  microorganisms fro* soil
that utilize  unsubstitnted cycloparaffinic
hydrocarbons, e.g. cyclohexane, as sole Course of
carbon and energy have  been unsuccessful.
However, cyclohexane was degraded in fertile soil
as leasured by release  of  C14 carbon dioxide on
addition of OL C14 cyclohexane.  Hydrocarbon
utilizing organisms isolated  fro* the soil grew
rapidly on cycloalkanones.  Several cultures,
after growth on propane, could oxidize
cycloparaffins to the homologous cycloalkanone.
These results suggest that degradation of
cycloalkanes in nature  *ay be via Co metabolism.
63
Contamination of Soil Rith Zinc, Copper, Lead,
and Cadiiua in the Hollongong City Area

Beavington, F.

Aust. J. Soil Res., 11(1), 1973, 27-31

SOILS; ZINC; COPPER; LEAD; CADHIDM
64
The significance of a Biologically Active Soil

Becknan, E.O.

?italst Zivilisationskr, 15(5), 181-184; 1970

BICROFLORA; AGRONOMY; HERBICIDES; SOILS; ENZYMES
67
Biodehalogenation—the Hetabolis* of the
Neiatocides Cis- and Trans-3-Chloroallyl Alcohol
by a Bacterium Isolated from Soil

Belser, N.O.; Castro, C.E.; University of
California, Riverside, CA

J. Agric. Food Chei. 19, 23-26; 1971

BIODEBALOGENATION; METABOLISM; NBMATOCIDES ;
CHLOROALLYL ALCOHOL; SOILS; CARBON DIOXIDE;
CBLORIRE ISOSEBS; HYDROXYLATION

The metabolic path for the conversion of the
isomers to C02 and Cl-  by a PSEUDONOHAS species
is given.  The dehalogenation step for each of
the  isomers is a direct hydroxylation of the
beta-vinylie carbon-chlorine bond of the isomeric
3-chloroacrylic acid intermediates.
68
Mobile Copper in the Soils of the Cherkassy Region

Benders Kyi, R.M.; Khoichak, R.Y.

Zb. Nauk. Prats'. Omans'K. Sil'S'K. Inst., 15,
1967 Trans., 312-317.

COPPEB; SOILS
69
Re-Establishing Apple Orchards in the
Chelan-Hanson Area

Benson, N. B.

Washington  State University, Tree-Fruit Research
Center, Renatchee, BA, Report, Oct. 1968, 32; 1968

APPLES; APPLE ORCHARDS; SOILS
                                                    11

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 70-78
 70
 Zinc  Retention  in Soils

 Benson,  H.R.

 Soil  Set..  101,  171-179;  1966

 ZINC;  SOILS;  RETENTION



 71
 Soil  Transformations of  the Individual
 Ingredients in  Waste Haters from the Ranufacture
 of  Polyvinyl  Chloride Resins, and the Effect of
 these Compounds  on the Physical and Chemical
 Properties  of the Soil

 Berezneva,  L.A.;  Mazina,  E.I.

 Tr. Klar'kov. Sfl'skokhoz.  Inst. (TKKSAB),,  166,
 28-32;  1972

 VINYL CHLOBIDE;  BASTES;  SOUS; RIRIFICATION;
 HETHYL CELLULOSE; WATEB;  TRANSFORHATION
 72
 Lead  Absorption from Soil Into Legnmes-D

 Berg,  H.H.

 J.  Sinn.  Acad.  Sci.  36 (2-3), 96; 1970

 BEAMS;  PEANUTS; LEAD;  SOILS;  LBGOHBS; ABSORPTION;
 PLANTS
 73
 Dynamics  of  Soluble Foras of Copper in Soils

 Berina, D.;  Benberga,  L.

 ;  1965

 COPPER; SOLUBILITY; SOILS;  LOAH;  SARD; RAINFALL;
 SOIL  HOISTORE

 In a  sandy derno-gley  soil, a sandy
 dorno-podzolio-gleyey  soil, a sandy-loamy
 cultivated derno slightly pdozolic soil, and a
 loamy cultivated demo-carbonate  soil froi four
 regions of Latvia,  variations in  the proportion
 of acetate-soluble  copper in the  total copper
 vere  vithin  the  range  of  several  per cent,
 vhereas variations  in  the percentage of copper
 soluble in the  HCl  ranged fro* several tons of
 per cent  to  one  hundred per cent.  The
 concentration of soluble  for is of copper
 increased in Hater-saturated soil in early spring
 and in sinner after heavy rain.   The
 concentration of soluble  copper was least at the
 beginning of the vegatative period, and soils
 poor  in copper should  be  dressed  with copper in
 spring.
Lead Content of  Soils from  Urban  Housing

Bertinnson, J.R.; Clark, C.S.; College  of
Medicine, University of Cincinnati,  Cincinnati,  OH

Interface (Cleveland) (ITFCBH) 2(1),  6; 1973

LEAD; URBAN: SOILS; OBBAH HOUSING
75
Interactions Between Mineral Elements and Soil
Hicro-Organisms

Bertrand, D.; Institut Pasteur, 78-Jony-en-Josas,
france

Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologic 4u Sol, 9(3),
3U9-396; 1972

INTERACTIONS; HINEHALS; SOILS; REVIEW; NUTRITION;
HETALLO-ENZYNES; NITRATE; SILICATES; CARBONATES;
PHOSPHATES; SULFUR; IRON; NANGANBSE; REVIEW

Subjects discussed include the effect of lineral
elements on the metabolism of soil
micro-organisms (growth,  nutrition and tozicity,
metalloenzymes) , and the effect of soil
micro-organisms on the mineral environment
(nitrates, silicates, carbonates, phosphates
sulphur, iron and manganese).
76
Soie Data on Atmospheric Pollution with the
Arsenic from the Smoke Cases of Electric Power
Stations in Rostov Province
BespalOT, A.I.; Bolovina, 7.N.;
P.P.
Kosorotova,
Gigiena I  Sanit., 3»(10),  111-2; 1969

SHORE; GASES; POWER PLANTS; COAL; ARSENIC;
THIRHAL ELECTRIC POM BE STATIONS; CHIBHEIS;
DISPERSION ATHOSPERE; AIR

The smoke gases from Rostov Province Electric
Power Stations burn the local coal arsenic.  The
concentration of the latter in the breathing zone
at a distance of 1 km exceeds the maximum
permissible concentration.  The presently
projected decrease in atmospheric pollution froi
the discharges of thermal electric and state
regional thermal electric power stations by
increasing the height of chimneys (greater
dispersion) will lead to a decrease in the level
and content of arsenic in the surface layer of
the atmosphere.
77
Data on Atmospheric Population by Arsenic from
Flue Gases of Power Plants in the Rostov Region

Bespalov, A.I.; Bolovina, V.N.; Kosoorotova,  F.P.

Hyg. Sanit.,  3» (10-12), 133-5; 1969

ARSENIC; FLUB GASES; ATHOSPHERE; AIR; POWER
PLANTS; GASES
78
Retention of Cn and Zn by B-montmorillonite

Bingham, F.T.; Page, A.L.; Sims, J.R.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 28(3), 351-354;  196«

COPPER; ZINC; RETENTION;  HONTBORILLONITE;:  SOILS;
RINEBALS
                                                     12

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                                                                                                      79-86
79
Transport Phenomena

Bird, R.B.; Stewart, B.E.; Lightfoot,  E.H.

John Biley 6 Sons. Inc.,; Hew Toik,  IT, 155;  1956

TRANSPORT
80
The Uptake of Applied Selenium by  Agricultoral
Plants.  1. The Influence of Soil  Type and  Plant
Species.

Bisbjerg, A.; Gissle-Hielsen, G.;  Danish Atomic
Energy Commission, Risde, Denmark

Plant Soil, 31, 287-298;  1969

ABSORPTION; AGRICULTURE; CEREALS;  PLANTS; SOILS;
TISSUE;  VARIATIONS; POTASSIDH COHPOONDS; SELENIOH
OXIDES;  SELENIOH 75; BARLEY; CLOVER; LEGOHINOSAE;
RYE; PLANT UPTAKE

A comparison of plants grown on  6  soils showed
that their ability to take op Se 75  varied  by one
order of magnitude when  potassium  selenate  was
the scarce of Se 75 and  by a factor  of 5 when
selenite was the source.  The uptake of selenate
was, on  an average, 8 tiles  that of  selenite.
Five of  the 6 soils used were representative of
the greater part of the  Danish agricultural area
while one of them was a  special  case.  The  effect
of seleninn application  was  found  to be much the
same in  the common soils although  the
concentration in the plants  was  sometimes twice
as high  on sandy as on loamy soils.  For most
areas concentration of Se 75 in  the  plant was
roughly  inversely related to the clay content of
the soil.  The Se 75 concentration in the plants
varied with their stage  of development.  In
barley the concentration was lower in straw and
grain than in the green  plant, in  mustard it
depended on the oxidation state  of the Se.  Grain
and seed, in general, contained  more Se than the
straw,   of 10 plant species  the  cereals to  be
favored  by an excess of available  Se while  at
moderate levels rye grass was a  better
accumulator than the clover.  Rhent  the selenate
addition was increased by a  factor of 25, the
plant level of Se 75 increased 70  fold; for
selenite the factor was  50.  The application of
0.1 ppH  selenite-Se or somewhat  less selenate
leads to a useful Se level in plants in pot
experiments.  (BBS)
83
Various Qualitative Aspects of the Effect of Soil
Organic Hatter on the Behavior of Artifical
Isotopes in Soils

Bittel, R.; Lehr, J.

Part of Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic
Hatter Studies.  Proc. Symp. IAEA 6 FAO, Vienna,
1968, <»97-513) (French); 1969

SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER; RADIOISOTOPES
8 U
Absorption of Arsenate Ions by Chlorella Partial
Reduction of Arsenate to Arsenite

Blasco, F.; Gaudin, C.; Jean jean, 8.

C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. Sci. Nat.
(Paris), 273 (9), 1971, 812-815

AOTORADIOGRAPHY; CENTRIFOGATION; ABSORPTION;
ARSENATE; REDUCTION; ARSENITE
85
Heronry-Complex Intergrades in Smectite

Blatter, C.L.; Dept. Geology, State University of
New York, Bingbampton, NY

Clays Clay Biner. (CCHPA7) , 21(1), 261-3; 1973

HERCORY; SHECTITE; SOILS; HONTHORILLONITE
86
Relationships Between Trace Element Contents and
Other Soil Variables in some Papua New-Guinea
Soils as Shown by Regression Analyses

Bleeker, P.;  Austin, H.P.

Aust. J. Soil Res., 8  (2), 1970,  133-1U3

COPPER; ZINC; NICKEL; COBALT; HANGANESE; WATER;
SAND; TRACE ELEHENTS; SOILS
81
Studies on Selenium in Plants and Soils

Bisbjerg, B.

Dan AEC Res. Establ. Hiso Hep.  (200), 1-150; 1972

SDLFOR; OPTAKE; ANIHALS; NUTRITION; SELBNATES;
SELENITE; OIIDATION; SELBNIOH; PLANTS; SOILS



82
The Zinc Status of some Nova-Scotia Soils and
Crops

Bishop, S.F.; Bachern, C.R.

Commnn. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal «  (1), 1973, H1-50

ZEA-HAYS; AVAILABILITY; SOILS; CHOPS; ZINC
                                                    13

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87-92
 87
 The  Mobilization of  Trace Elements by Aerobically
 Decomposing  Plant Material Onder Simulated Soil
 Conditions.

 Bloomfield,  C.;  Kelso,  ».L. ;  Piotrowska,  M. ;
 Bothamsted  Exp.  Stn., Harpenden, England

 Chemy,  Ind. ,  59-61;  1971

 SOILS;  OXIDES;  IBON; MANGANESE;  ZINC; COBiLT;
 NICKEL;  LEAD; COPPER; AEROBIC:  DECOMPOSITION;
 HOMOS;  MOBILIZATION

 The  rates were  measured at which the oxides of
 Fe,  (In,  Zn,  Co,  Mi,  Pb  and Co are dissolTed by
 aerobically  decomposing  plant latter.  Fe and Rn
 were relatively  inactive, bat considerable
 amounts  of  the  other elements were mobilized.
 The  first month  of incubation was the period of
 •ost active  •obilization.  The amount of
 dissolved Cu  decreased  sharply daring the second
 •onth's  incubation,  while the Cu content  of the
 insoluble organic residue increased
 correspondingly.   The capacity of the soluble
 organic  decomposition products to dissolve the
 various  oxides  under sterile  conditions decreased
 as rotting  proceeded, except  with Cu, with which
 the  activity  of  the  extracts  increased at first
 and  then decreased rapidly.   The activity became
 almost  negligible long  before recognizable humose
 matter  was  formed.  Significant amounts of the
 metals  are  fixed by  the  insoluble organic
 residues.
SB
Hodelling the  Hovement    of Chemicals in Soils in
Water

Boast, C.H.

Soil Sci.,  115,  (3),  224-230; 1973

ADSOBPTIOR;  BIBLIOGRAPHY; HODEL; BBflBI; SOILS;
RATES; LANDFILL       STORAGE;  CONSUMPTION
69
Migration of  Strontium 90 and Cerium 14U ig Soils
of Different  Texture

Bochkarev,  ?. H.;  Antropova,  Z.G. ; Belova, T.T.

Soviet  Soil Sci.  9,  936-938;  1964

MIGRATION;  STRONTIUM 90;  CBBIOM 111; SOILS;
STBONTIOH;  CERIUM;  BADIONOCLIDBS
90
Sorption of Amino-Acids  by Copper Hontmorillonite

Bodenheimer, W.;  Heller,  L.

Clay Miner, 7,  167-176;  1967

SOBPTION; GLOTAHIN  ACID;  GLTCINB; HBTHIOIIRE;
LTSINB; AHPHOTBR1C;  CLAY;  COPPER

Sorption of glntamic acid,  glycine,  methionine
and lysine by copper-montmorillonlte (prepared by
shaking 200g bentonite with  600ml of N  Co (N032
solution, centrifuging and drying at 100 degrees
O  was studied.   The presence  of copper enhanced
the sorption of amphoteric and  basic amino-acids
by clay, leading  to  stable amlno acid-copper-clay
associations.
91
Soil Absorption of Air Pollutants

Bohn, H.L.; Dept. of Soils and Water Engineering,
Oniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona  85721

J. Environ. Quality, 1(1), 372-377; 1972

NITROGEN; OXYGEN; PHOSPHATE; SULFDB; REVIEW;
HYCBOG8N FLORIDE; FLUORINE; GASES; PHOSPHORUS;
HYDROGEN CHLORIDES; SOLFURIC ACID; PHOSPHORIC
ACID; HITBIC ACID; SOILS; ABSORPTION; NICKEL;
CADHIOH; LEAD; ARSENIC; COPPER; BERYLLIUM; ZINC;
MEHCOBY; SOLFOR DIOIIDE; CABBON HONOriDE;
NITROGEN OXIDE; CHLORINE; OZONE; PEROXYACETYL
NITRATE; HYDROGEN SOLFIDE; HERCAPTANS; ALDEHYDES;
HTCROCABBON

The mechanism and rates of the absorption of
various air pollutants by soil are reviewed with
respect to particulate air pollutants, including
nickel, cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper,
beryllium, zinc, and mercury; and gaseous air
pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, oxidants (chlorine,
ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate), hydrogen
sulfide, mercaptans, aldehydes, hydrocarbons,
fluorine compounds, phosphorus compounds, and
acidic gases and mists  (hydrogen chloride,
cnlfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and
hydrogen fluoride).  Soils absorb organic
increasing number of nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen,
and sulfur groups in the compound.  The
absorption of lower molecular weight and gases
faster and in greater amounts with increasing
molecular weight and increasing number of
nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen, and sulfur groups in
the compound.  The absorption of lower molecular
weight and less-substituted organic gases depends
on the buildup of an appropriate microbial
population.  The absorption of inorganic air
pollutants is primarily by chemical and physical
means and involves oxidation and other chemical
reactions.  (79 references)
92
Fixation of Arsenates by the Soil

Boischot, P.; Hebert, J.

Ann. Agron., 18, 426-41)8; 1948

ARSBNATB;  CLAY; PH; FIXATION; CALCAREOUS SOILS;
ADSOBPTION; SOILS

The fixation of arsenic trioxide by clay depends
on the amount of arsenic introduced into the
soil, the duration of the contact,  the quality
and nature of the ions combined with the clay and
the pH.  In an acid medium fixation is much
slower than in a neutral or alkaline medium.
Fixation by clacareons soils is by  adsorption,
not by combination.  Humus fixes only a small
proportion of arsenic trioxide in a neutral or
alkaline medium.  The fixation is proportional to
the guantity of hamate.
                                                    14

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                                                                                                     93-99
93
Bacterial Dehalogenation of chlorinated Aliphatic
Acid

Bollag, J.H.; Alexander, N.; Penn. State
University, University Park, P»

Soil Biol. Biochem.. 3. 91-96; 1971

ENZYHES; SOILS; DEH ALOGENATION; CHLORINATED
ALIPHATIC ACID; CHLORINE; ALKANOIC ACID

An enzyme extract produced by a strain of
HICBOCOCCDS DBNITRIPICAHS isolated from soil and
grovn on 3-chloropropionic or 3-chlorobntyric
acid vas capable of removing the Cl present in a
number of 3- and 4-C alkanoic acids if the
halogen vas in the beta-position but not if it
vas in the alpha-position.  There vas no evidence
of 3-hydroxypropionic acid serving as an
intermediate in the metabolism of
beta-chloropropionic acid.
9U
Bacterial Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Aliphatic
Acids

Bollag, J.H.; Alexander, H.; Penn. State
University, University Park, PA

Soil Biol. Biochem., 3, 91-96; 1971

ENZtBES; SOILS; DEHALOGENATIOM; CHLOBIHATED
ALIPBATIC ACID; CHLORIDE; ALKANOIC ACID

An enzyme extract  produced by a strain of
HICROCOCCOS DEHITRIFICANS isolated from soil and
grovn on 3-chloropropionic or 3-chlorobutyric
acid vas capable of removing the Cl present in a
number of 3- and 4-C alkanoic acids if the
halogen vas in the beta-position but not if it
vas in the alpha-position.  There vas no evidence
of 3-hydroxy propionic acid serving as an
intermediate in the metabolism of
beta-chloropropionic acid.
concentrations caused by the lining and lead
smelting activity.  The area around one lead
smelter shoved anomalous high heavy metal
concentrations for a distrance of several liles.
Other activities, such as the transport of ore
concentrate in open trucks or by railroad, also
act as sources of pollution.  Elevated heavy
•etal concentrations in soils vere found to be
•ainly restricted to the humus layer on the
surface of the soil and to the top one inch soil
layer,  (lost of the lead found in vegetation
samples vas thought to be present on the surface
of the leaves.  Findings should be of technical
value for pollution abatement applications.
96
Dissolution of Galena in the Presence of Fulvic
Acid

Bondarenko, G.P.

Geokhimiya. 5. 631-636; 1968

DISSOLOTIOR; GALENA; PB; FDLVIC ACID;
PRECIPITATION; GEOCHEMICAL MIGRATION; LEAD

Analysis after 60-120 days of galena/fulvic acid
systems adjusted to initial pH values of
2.05-10.6 shoved that small amounts of lead had
entered solution at all pH values.  Fulvic acid
(extracted from the humus horizon of a
soddy-podzolic soil) inhibited precipitation of
lead from solutions; geochemical migration of
lead lay occur as a lead-fulvic acid complex.
97
Stability of Soluble Coordination Compounds of
Copper with Humic and Fulvic Acids

Bondarenko, G.P.

Geochemistry Int.,9(«), 702-711; 1972

COPPER; FDLVIC ACID; HOHIC ACIDS
95
Geocheiical and Vegetation Studies of Trace
Substances from Lead Smelting

Bolter, E.; Hemphill, D.D.; iixson, B.; Butherus,
D.; Chen, R.; University of Hissouri, Bolla and
Columbia, HO

Part of Hemphill, D.D.  (Ed.), Sixth Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Reid at Memorial Onion, University of
Missouri-Columbia. Columbia, HO, June 13-15, 1972

SOILS; PLANTS; LEAD; ZINC; COPPER; CADHIOH;
HANGARESB; SOL POP; SHELTERS;  LEAVES; AIR; GALENA;
SPHALERITE; TREES; X-RAI FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS;
ATONIC ABSORPTION SPBCTROPHOTOHBTHY; DEPTH
VARIATIONS; ROOTS; TRANSLOCATION; FOLIAR
APPLICATION; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS; HOHUS

Several hundred soil and vegetation samples from
the "Viburnum Trend" or "Nev Lead Belt" of
Southeast Hissonri vere analyzed for lead, zinc,
copper, cadmium, manganese and total sulfur to
determine natural background concentrations and
to delineate areas of anomalous high
98
Investigations on the Metal Binding Ability of
Soil and Uicrobial Hnmic Acid Using Cadmium,
Copper, and Lead Ion Electrodes

Bondietti, E.A.; Sweeton, P.H.

Agronomy Abstracts 1973, Annual Meetings
American Society Agronomy, Las Vegas, Nev., p.
89; 1973

METAL BINDING; HUMIC ACIDS; CADMIUH; COPPER;
LEAD; SOILS
99
The Onderground Migration of Radionuclides
Produced in Soil Near High Energy Proton
Accelerators

Borak, T.B.; Avschalom, H.; Fairman, ».; Ivami,
F.; Sedlet, J.

Health Phys. 23(5), 679-687; 1972

BADIOHOLIDES; PROTON ACCELERATORS; GROUND HATER;
HINBBALS; TRANSPORT; SOILS; IRON 55; IBON 59;
COBALT 60; SCANDIUM 16; VANADIOH OB; CHROMIUM  51;
MANGANESE 5<4; TRITIUM; BERYLLIUM 7; SODIUH 22;
CALCIUM 45
                                                    15

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100-106
 100
 The Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
 Experiments Using Sevage Sludge Garbage Composts
 as Fertilizers

 Borneff, J.;  Farkasdi, C.;  Glathe, H.; Kunte, B.;
 Inst. Landvirtschaft Bikrobiol., Dni». Giessen

 Zbl.  Bakt.  Reihe B,  157/2-3 (151-16H); 1973

 PAH;  SOILS; AROBATIC HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBONS;
 SEWAGE SLODGE; GARBAGE COHPOST; POLYCYCLIC;
 FERTILIZERS;  HAHnBE; HIHERAL FERTILIZER; CROPS;
 REDOCTIOH;  PLANTS;  ROOTS

 The influence of different fertilizers (sewage
 sludge/garbage compost,  manure, mineral
 fertilizer) on the  concentration of
 polycyclic/aromatic  hydrocarbons (PAR)  in soil
 and crops vas investigated in field experiments
 and in pots.   The fertilizers were applied in
 quantities  used in  agricultural practice, that
 is, 80 to 100 tons  of coipost, or 30 tons of
 manure,  or  150 leg,  Nitrophos per hektare
 (approximately 2.5  acres) .   Relatively high
 concentrations of PAB were found in all organic
 fertilizers,  including Manure, although the
 different samples varied considerably in their
 content, with manure up to the factor 10.  The
 compost  treated soils showed a larked increase of
 PAH according to the high content of the
 composts.  In the soil treated with manure the
 increase was less,  bat it last be considered,
 that  calculated as  dry substance the quantity of
 manure applied had  been only 1/10 of the compost.
 In the couse of the  experiments concentrations
 of PAH in the soil  varied;  in some cases
 increasing  and in others decreasing.  It seems
 probable that licrobial synthesis and reduction
 processes are involved.   Regarding the plants,
 which were  cultivated on these soils, the PAB
 content  appeared to  be related to the content in
 the soil only in the roots, and of these only in
 the outer layer. In  one single case an increase
 in concentration was found in the inner portion
 of the root.   The proportion of edible plants
 which might possibly be affected  (for example,
 radish,  carrot)  is,  however, very small.  As
 nearly all  plant products ingested with edible
 roots which were grown soils treated with sevage
 sludge garbage compost does not enhance the
 health hazard to man.  Nevertheless further
 monitoring  studies  are considered desirable.
 101
 Cancer  Due to Benzpyrene in natural Soils

 Bornett,  J.;  Kunte,  B.;  Farkasdi, C.; Glathe, H.;
 Hygiene Institute, University of Bainx, Hainx,
 Germany

 UHSCHAO(OBSCAS),  73(20), 626-628; 1973

 BENZOPYBENE;  PLARTS;  SOILS; COBPOST; CANCER
 102
 Chelating  Effort of Organic Hatter and Its
 Influence  on  the Higratlon of Fission Products in
 Soils

 Bovard,  P.; Granby,  A.;  Saas, A.

 Part of  Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic
 natter studies.   Proc.  Symp.  IAEA S FAO,  Vienna,
 1968,  (H71-195) ;  1969

 CHELATES;  ORGANIC HATTER;  SOILS;  MIGRATION;
 FISSI01I  PRODUCTS
103
Trace Elements in Biochemistry

Bowen, H.J.n.

Academic Press, London, 211p.; 1966

UPTAKE; BICRETION; ORGAHISHS; DEFICIENCY;
FUNCTIONS; TRACE ELEBENTS; BIOGEOCHEHISTHY; SOILS

Includes chapter 3, composition of soil; 5,
elementary composition of organisms and their
parts; 6, uptake and excretion of elements by
organisms; 7, essentiality, deficiency, toxicity
of elements; 8, functions of essential elements;
12, summary of available data on biogeochemistry
of trace elements
Trace Elements in Biochemistry

Bowen, H.J.H.; Department of Chemistry, The
University, Reading, England

Academic Press, Hew lork and London, 2U1 p.; 1966

SOIL COBPOSITION; ELEHEMT CYCLES; TRACE BLEBTHS;
BIOLOGICAL FHACTIOHATIOH; ISOTOPES; NATURAL
RADIOACTIVITY.; AIR; WATER; PLANTS; ANIMALS;
REVIEW; HETiLS; SOILS; CYCLES

A comprehensive summary of the data of inorganic
biochemistry.  It begins with a brief review of
the origin of the elements and their occurrence
in rocks, soils, the ocean and the atmosphere.
The elementary composition of plants and animals
is discussed next, together with quantitative
data on elementary cycles involving living
organisms.  Other chapters are concerned with the
uptake and excretion of elements, their
essentiality and toxicity, and the occurrence of
essential elements in enzymes and other molecules
of biochemical interest.  There are chapters on
the natural radioactivity of organisms, and on
the contamination of the environment by both
radioactive and non-radioactive elements.  A
special feature is the final chapter which
summarizes the data available for the occurrence
and behaviour of 90 elements in the Biosphere.
 105
 Nutrient and Radionnclide Cycling

 Brady, D.

 (OCLA—12-919, PP 13-51) 1973; 1973

 RADI010CLIDBS; CYCLING; NUTRIENTS; NUTRIENT
 CYCLING;  RADIONUCLIDE CYCLING



 106
 Vertical Distribution of Fission Elements in Some
 Types of Soils in the USSR

 Brandakov, V.F.;  Dibbseva,  A.V.;  Svishchava,
 V.I.; Churkin, V.N.

 Atomic Energy (USSR)  25, 331-32;  1968

DISTRIBUTION; FISSION PRODUCTS; SOILS;  VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION
                                                    16

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                                                                                                  107-115
107
Land Reclamation and River Pollution Problems in
the Croal Valley Caused by Haste from chromate
Ranufactare

Breeze, V.G.

J. Appl. Ecol., 10(2), 513-525;  1973, August

CHEHICAL ANALYSIS; CHEHICAL INDUSTRIES; ALLIED
INDOSTRIES; CROPS; PLANTS; CHROHIOH; CBEHICAL
RASTE; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
IONS; CHROHATE; SOILS; HECLAHATION

Soil layers over chromate tips are only
successful if deep.  Chromic ions are less toxic
than chromate ions, oving to compound formation,
suggesting reclamation by chemical redaction of
the chromate.
108
Hetallo-organic Complexes in Soil

Bremner, N.

Nature  (London) 158, 790-91; 19i»6

ORGANOHETALLICS; SOILS; COHPLEIES



109
Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Retal Equilibrium in
the Soil, Associated vith Coffee Plant Response
to Potassium

Briceno, J.A.; Carvajal, J.F.; Fac. Agron., Oniv.
Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica

TURRIALBA  (TDRRAB) , 23(1), 56-71; 1973

HETALS; EQUILIBRIUM; SOILS; COFFEE; POTASSIOH;
CALCIUH; HAGNESIQR; EARTH HETALS; SOILS; PLANTS
110
Soil Organic Hatter-Hetal Compleies.  2.
Cation-Exchange Chromatogcaphy of Copper and
Calcium Complexes

Broadbent, P.E.

Soil Sci.,  8«,  127-131; 1957

CHRORATOGRAPHI; COPPER; CALCIOH; ORGANIC HATTER;
LEACHING; CAHBOXTL RETENTION; SOILS; CATION
EXCHANGE

Soil organic matter in the acid form vas covered
vith a thin layer of a similar sample saturated
with Cu»2 or calcium.  Curves describing the
relationship between the volume of effluent
obtained by leaching with BC1 and the copper and
calcium concentrations of the effluent are given.
Four maxima occur with copper and two with
calcium.  The broad initial maximum common to all
the chromatograms is due to carboxyl retention.
111
Soil Organic Hatter-Hetal Complexes 1.  Factors
Affecting Retention of Various Cations

Broadbent, F.E.; Ott, J.B.

Soil Sci., 83, K19-H27; 1957

RETENTION; ORGANIC HATTER; LOAH; HEADOI SOIL;
PEAT; CHELATES; PH; COPPER; IRON; HAIGANESB;
FDLVIC ACID; SOILS; LEACHING; CALCIUH; HAGNBSIDH;
BARIDN; CATION EXCHANGE; HBADOUS
Organic matter samples were prepared by treating
the fine fraction of a gravelly loam, meadow soil
and subsoil of peat with HC1-HF.  The fulvic
fraction, obtained by extracting the sample with
alkali in a nitrogen atmosphere and precipitating
the humic acid with HC1, was mixed with an egual
volume of dilute CuSOl and the spectral
distribution curves and optical densities at 360
and 650 microns were determined by
spectrophotometry.  The results produced evidence
of chelate formation by the soluble fraction of
soil organic matter.  Rhen small samples of
organic matter were leached with dilute solutions
of acetate of Cu + 2, Fe*2 and Hn*2 (in this
decreasing order of retention)  of FeC13 in
increasing concentrations of 5 x 10 (-U)  H and
more, the amount of complex formed varied with
the concetration of the cation and the pH of the
solution.  Complex formation was rapid and
cations retained after contact for one hour only
slightly exceeed those retained after 5 minutes.
Rhen the organic preparations were saturated with
various cations, eguilibrated with an eguivalent
amount of BC1 and the quantity of displaced
cations determined, retention values showed the
order:  copper greater than barium eguals calcium
greater than or equal to magnesium.   Symmetry
values showed the copper complex to be the most
stable for the preparations from mineral soil and
the barium complex the most stable for the
peat-soil complexes.
112
Rolybdenum and Copper in Irish Pasture Soils

Brogan, J.C.; Fleming,  G.A.;  Byrne, J.E.

Ir. J. Agric. Res. 12 (1), 1973, 71-81

HOLYBDENOH; COPPER; SOILS; PASTURES
113
Soil Sterilization and Hinor Element Hobilization

Bronsart, H.

Bull. German  Plant Protection Service 1, 115-116
(G); 1917

TRACE ELEHENTS; SOILS; ROBILIZATION; SOIL
STERILIZATION
111)
Zinc Relationships in Aiken Clay Loam

Brown, A.L.

Soil Sci.  69, 3U9-358; 1950

ZINC; CLAT; LOAH; SOILS



115
Effect of  Liming on the Availability of Zinc and
Copper

Brown, A.L.; Jurinak, J.J.

Soil Sci., 98, 170-173; 196U

LI BUG; ZINC; COPPER
                                                    17

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 116-125
 116
 Zinc-Phosphorous Interactions as Measured by
 Plant Response and Soil Analysis

 Brown,  A.L.;  Kroutz,  B.A.;  Eddings, J.I.

 Soil  Sci.  110(6), 015-»20;  1970

 ZINC;  PHOSPHOBOS; PLANTS;  SOILS
122
Sepiolite Content of the Soil ID Regions with
Endemic Pleiiral Calcifications

BnrilkoT, T.; Hichailova, L.

Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed. , 29(2), 1972, 95-101

ROBAIS: SILICATES; ASBESTOS; AHTHOPHYLLITE;
TRENOLITB; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOILS
 117
 Leaching  of  Added Selemium From Alkaline Soils as
 Influenced by  Sulfate

 Brown,  B.J.; Carter,  D.L.

 Soil  Science Society  of  America Proc., 33,
 563-565;  1969

 LEACHING;  SELFSIOH;  ALKALINE SOILS; SOLFATES;
 SOILS
123
Distribution of Beayy Bet a Is in the Vicinity of
an Industrial Complex

Burkitt, A.; Lester, P.; Nickless, G.

nature (London) 238, 327-328; 1972

DISTRIBUTION; HEAVY METALS; IKDOSTBT
 118
 Contamination  of Soil and Vegetation Near a Zinc
 Shelter  by  Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, and Lead

 Bochauer, B.J.;  Institute of Hicrobiology,
 Rutgers  State  University, New Brunswick, NJ

 Environmental  Science and Technology (ESTHAG)
 7(2) ,  131-5;  1973

 ZINC SHELTER;  VEGETATION; CONTABINATION; SOILS;
 CADBIUB; COPPER; LEAD; ZINC
 119
 Solubility  Products  and  Entropies of Sulfides,
 Selinides and  Tellurides

 Buketor, E.A.;  Ogorets,  B.Z. ; Pashinkin, A.S

 Buss.  Journ. Inorg.  Chem.    9, 272-29*;196U

 SOLFIDE; SELINIDES;  TELLORIDES;  SOLOBILITY
 PRODOCTS; ENTROPIES
1214
BADIONOCLIDE CYCLING IB TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONHENTS.

Carfagno, D.; Bestendorf, ».

(ORNL—1|8«8, PP 1-8) FEB 1973.; FEB 1973.

RADIONOCLIDE CYCLING; CYCLING; RADIONOCLIDBS;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEB
125
Effects of Soil Applied Herbicides and Calciui on
Bineral Composition of Pea-D Pisa«-Sativu«-D

Carolus, R.L.; Putnam, A.R.; Ruiz, fl.R.

Hortscience, 6(3 Sec. 2), 1971, 278

SIBAZINE; DINOSEB; DICBLOBENIL; TRIFLURALIN;
NITROGEN; POTASSIDB; BAGNESIDH; SODIDH; IRON;
BABGASESB; COPPER; ZINC; PERMEABILITY; ENZYMES;
ACTIVE TRANSPORT; PEAS
120
Dissolution  of  Sparingly Soluble Salts by Soil
Organic  Matter

Bunzl, K.; Sansoni,  B.;  Inst. Strahlenschotz,
Ges. Strahlen-  Ond  Omveltforsch. fl.B.H. Muenchen,
Nenherberg/Bunich,  Ger.

Z. Pflanzenernaehr.  Bodenk. (ZPBOAL)  1972,
133(1-2)  ,  132-B3;  1972

SOILS; ORGANIC  BATTER;  SALTS; DISSOLUTION;  PEAT;
HOMIC ACIDS; STHONTIOH;  SOLFATES;  HDBATB; LEAD;
BARIOB
121
Asbestos Content of  the  Soil  and  Endemic Pleural
Asbestosis

Burilkov, T. ; Hichailova, L.

En»iron. Res.. 3(5-6), 1970,  U«3-«51

HUHANS; ASBESTOS; SOILS
                                                   18

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                                                                                                   126-131
126
Seasonal Abundance of Certain Soil Arthropods In
a Penitrothion-Treated Red Spruce stand

Carter, N.E.; Brown, H.R.; Fac. Tor.,  Univ.
N.B. . Fredericton, N.B., Canada

Can. Entomol., 105(8), 1065-1073; 1973

PAONA; RED SPRUCE; FENIT8OTHION; CENTIPEDES;
SPIDERS; ARTHROPODS; SOIL FAUNA; INSECT;  SOUS

Certain arthropod predator elements of the soil
faana of a mature red spruce PICEA ROBEMS SARG.
stand were studied.  It presents differences
between abundance 2 year prior to and  1 year
after aerial spraying with fenitrothion at 2 and
3 ounces per acre,  one species of centipede
ESCARTOS sp., PSEODOSCOBPION HICROBISIOH  sp., and
2 species of harvestmen LEIOBONUR CALCAR  and 1.
BICOLOR were noted in fever numbers during the
year of spraying.  Higher numbers occurred the
following year.  Spiders of the family ERIGONIDAE
shoved no Barked difference in numbers during the
coarse of the study,  dost other spiders  were
encountered in reduced numbers during  the spray
year bat rebounded next year.  Apparently,
fenitrothion does cause temporary reduced
abundance of at least some predacious  arthropod
components of the soil fauna.  The effect of such
changes in the insect community on soil processes
remains unknown; even more so, the influence of
repeated annual applications of fenitrothion
remains undetermined.
127
Zinc

Carter, R.L.; Coastal Plain Expt. Sta., Tifton,
Ge orgia

Borgia Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. 126, 52-78;  196U

PHOSPHATES; ORGAHIC HATTER; GEOCHEHISTBI; ZINC;
SOILS; PH; ZINC DEFICIENCY; HANUBE; COLLOIDS;
PLANTS; CROPS; CHLOROPHYLL; LEAVES; CLATS

The total content of zinc in soils is generally
low in comparison vith other essential elements.
The soils contain on the average 10 to 300  parts
per million of total zinc and less than 1 part
per million of exchangeable zinc.  The
availability of zinc to plants was examined under
variable environmental soil conditions.  Its
availability is affected by various factors:   (a)
it decreases as the pH of the soil rises, the
critical point being between 5.5-6.5; (b)  zinc
deficiency frequently occurs in soils abnormally
high in soluble and total phosphate and in  soils
rich in organic matter (for example, farm
manure) ; (c) colloidal clays have a definite
absorption capacity for zinc.  Zinc is an
essential element for normal growth of many
plants and crops.  Its deficiency is
characterized by a retardation of normal growth
and lack of chlorophyll in the leaves.  The
deficiency can be corrected by incorporation of
zinc salt in the soil. However, the response of
crops to zinc application depends on soil type,
being positive on certain soils and insignificant
on others.  CA, 63 12262(1965)
128
Effect of Fertilizer Anions on the Solubility of
Native and Applied Selenium in Soil

Gary, E.E.; Gissel-Nielsen, G.

Soil Sci. Soc. A». Proc., 37(0), 1973, 590-593

NITRATE; PHOSPHATES; SOLFATES; INTERACTIONS;
FERTILIZERS; SOLUBILITY; SBLENIOS; AHIONS
129
Reactions of Selenate-Selenium Added to Soils
that Produce Low-Selenium Forages

Gary, E.E. ; »ieczorik, G.A.; Allavay, ».H.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 31,  21-26; 1967

SELENATES; SELENIUM; SOILS; FORAGE
130
Biodehalogenation.  Reductive Dehalogenation of
the Biocides Ethylene Dibromide,
1, 2-Dibro«o-3-Chloropropane, and
2,3-Dibromobutane in Soil

Castro, C.E.; Belser, N.O.; Department of
Nematology, University of California, Riverside,
CA  92502

Environmental Science and Technology, 2(10),
779-83; 1968, October

DIBROBIDES:ETBYLENE DIBROHIDE;
1.2-DIBROHO-3-CHLOHOPOBPANE; 2 ,3-DIBBOHOBUTANES;
BIOCIDES; ETHYLENE; N-EROPANOL; BOTENES; SOILS;
HATER; BIODEHALOGENATION; DEHALOGENATION

Soil-water cultures reductively dehalogenate the
vicinal dibromides:  ethylene dibromide,
1,2-dibromo-3-chloroporpane, and the
2,3-dibromobutanes.  The products of the
conversion of these widely employed soil
biocides, ethylene, n-propanol, and bntenes,
respectively, and the scope, nature, and speed of
the processes have been outlined.
131
Organic Sequestering Agents

Chaberek, S.;  Kartell, A.E.

John iiley & Sons, New York; 1959

OBGANICS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS
                                                    19

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132-139
 132
 Translocatiou  of BHC  from Soil to Andropogon
 Sorghum  (JOKAR)  and its  Influence on the Uptake
 of Nutrients

 Chawala,  H.P.;  Chopra, S.L.

 J. Res.  Punjab  Agric. Oniv.  6, 952-958;  1969

 THANSLOCATION;  BHC; SOILS;  UPTAKE;  SORGHOH;
 ANDROPOGON; CROPS;  PBOSPROROS; POTASSIOH;  PLANTS;
 PH;  ELECTRICAL  CONDUCTIVITY; CAHBON

 BHC  was  translocated  into the crop.  K and t
 uptake by the  plants  was affected by 10« BHC
 dust.  BHC did  not  affect the pH, electrical
 conductivity,  organic C, cation-exchange capacity
 or available nutrients of the soil.
 133
 Lead,  Arsenic and Copper Content of Crops Grown
 on Lead Arsenate-Treated and Untreated Soils

 Chisholm,  D.

 Can. J. Plant Sci.,  52(U) , 583-588; 1972

 LEAD;  AFSEHIC;  COPPER; CHOPS; ABSORPTION;
 RESIDUES;  PLANTS

 Increased  lead and arsenic concentrations in the
 surface soil  (0-15 c»),  resulting fro*
 applications  of lead arsenate (PBHASOU),
 increased  both lead and arsenic levels in crops
 grown  on treated plots.   The lead levels in some
 crops  approached or exceeded the Canadian residue
 tolerance  of  2.0 ppm. PBHAS04 soil treatments did
 not  affect copper absorption by crops.  On areas
 such as old orchard land contaminated with
 PBHASO4 residues it  may be advisable to ascertain
 the  soil lead status before planting certain
 crops,  and also to determine the lead affinity
 and  arsenic sensitivity of the plants to be grown.
 134
 Persistence and Effects of some Pesticides in Soil

 Chisholm,  D.;  HacPhee, A.W. ; Research Station,
 Canada  Dept. of Agriculture, Kentville, Nova
 Scotia,  Canada

 J. Econ.  Entomol., 65(4),  1972, 1010-1013; 1972

 BEANS;  FAUNA;  DDT; BBC; ARSENIC; CHLOBDANE;
 SOLFOR;  FEHBAH; PABATBION; CROPS; NITROGEN; SANDY,
 LOA8; LOAM; COLLBHBOLAN; PESTICIDE; PERSISTENCE

 DDT  significantly decreased the yield of beans in
 a  sandy  loan 16 years after application. Bore
 than SOX  of applied DDT and arsenic remained in
 the  soil  for 15 and 16 years, respectively.
 Traces of  parathion were detected 10 years after
 application. Arsenic and DDT significantly
 decreased  the  N content of bean leaves. The
 collembolan population was higher in DDT-treated
 plots than on  check plots 6 years after
 application.
135
Adsorption and Leaching of Parathion
0-0,Di-Ethyl-0-P-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate on
Soils and Effect of Various Physical Factors on
Adsorption

Chopra. S.L.; Das, N.; Das, B.; Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 18(4), 1970, 437-446;
1970

SOILS; ADSORPTION; LEACHING; PAHATHION; PH;
CATIONS; HIDBOGEN; CALCIOH; SODIOH; POTASSIDB;
HAGNESIUH; MOBILITY

The adsorption of parathion increased with
increase in concentration, rise in activation
temperature, lowering of pH and increase in
organic matter content. Adsorption by homoionic
soils was directly related to  the percentage
saturation by various cations  with adsorption
decreasing in the order: B» greater than Ca2+
greater than Ilg2+ greater than K+ greater than
Na+.  Parathion mobility, and therefore leaching,
was greater  in light than heavy soils.
 136
 Separated  Power  Station  light  Ashes with the
 Content  of  Arsenic Compounds in  the System Soil
 Plant

 Chrenekova,  E. ;  Holobrady,  K.

 Pol' Nohospodarstvo  16(1),  1970,  34-44

 POiER  PLANTS;  ASB;  ARSENIC;  SOILS; PLANTS
 137
 Zinc Diffusion  and  Distribution Coefficients in
 Soil as Affected by Soil Texture, Zinc
 Concentration and pR

 Clark,  A.L.;  Graham,  E.R.

 Soil Sci.  105,  409-418;  1968

 ZINC; PH;  CONCENTRATION; SOILS; DIFFUSION;
 DISTRIBUTION  COEFFICIENTS
 138
 Cadmium in  the  Environment - An Annotated
 Bibliography

 Copenhaver,  E.D.;  Olrikson, G.O.; Newman, L.T.;
 Fulkerson,  R.

 Oak Ridge,  National  Laboratory, ORNL - E15-73-17,
 «51 p.

 CADHIOH;  TRANSPORT;  BIBLIOGRAPHY.
 139
 Soil Contamination by Airborne Betallic Dust
 Particles and its Effect on Plants in the Sudbnry
 Basin Ontario

 Costescu, L.H.; Hntchinson, T.C.

 Am. J. Sot., SB (5 part 2), 481;  1971

 CABBAGES; TOHATOES;  RADISHES;  LBTTOCE;  AIR;
 BIOASSAY; NICKEL;  COPPER:  COBALT;  IRON;  SOILS'
 PB; DUSTS;  PLANTS
                                                    20

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                                                                                                    140-146
140
The Ecological Consequences of Soil Foliation by
Metallic Dust from the Sudbury Shelters

Costescu, L.H.; Hutchinson, T.C.; Dept. of Botany
and Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Toronto. Toronto,
Ontario, Canada

Part of proceedings of the 18th  meeting.
Environmental Progress in Science and  education,
540-545; 1972

SHELTERS; DOSTS; AIB; COPPER; RICKBL;  IBOR;
COBALT; SILVEB; PLATIROB; GOLD;  SOLFU8; SBLBRIOB;
IHDDSTBIAL EHISSIORS; SOLFOB DIOIIDE;  TREES;
LEAD; ABSERIC; SOILS; ATOBIC ABSOBPTIOR
SPECTBOPHOTOBETBT; LEAVES; BAIHFALL; PB;
COHDOCTIVITI; STACK EBISSIORS; P ARTICULATES;
ZINC; HARGARBSB; DOSTFALL; BOOT  GBOBTH; SEED
GEBRIRATIOH; ALOBIROB; NITBATE;  SOLFATES;
LETTOCB; TOHATOES; INDUSTRY; DOSTS

While Sudbury has had a severe air pollution
problem kith S02, the contamination of the area
by metallic dust has been overlooked.  Extensive
soil contamination has occurred  over a vide area.
Soil levels of such pollutants as nickel and
copper have, both in theory and  in practice, been
found to be toxic to test species.  The soil
contamination has a pattern indicative of an
airborne smelter source.  The metallic pollution
is a continuing phenomenon.  Elevated  levels of
nickel can be detected up to 31  miles  from the
smelter, toxic water soluble nickel levels to 10
miles.  The patterns of metal pollution are
reflected in the excessive levels of the smelted
metals in resistant vegetation close to the
smelter.  Heavy metals are persistent  in soils -
the ecological consequences to date are perhaps
only masked by the SO2 damage.
142
Exchange of Zinc, Banganese, Copper, and Iron in
Relation to Saturation of the Soil Complex

Cottenle, A.; Kiekens, L-; Fac. Agric. Sci.,
State Univ. Gent, Ghent, Belgium

Potassium Soil, Proc. Colloq. Int. Potash Inst.,
9th(26»FAO) 1972,  113-23; 1972

TBACE ELBBBNTS; SOILS; HACB010TBIEITS; SOBPTIOR
143
Polyphenols in Plant, Romas, and Soil.  2.
Bednction and Transport by Polyphenols of Iron in
Nodel Soil Columns

Coolson, C.B.; Davies, B.I.; Lewis, D.A.

J. Soil Sci. 11, 30-44; 1960

IBOH; POLYPHBROL; PHENOLS; PLANTS; HOBOS; SOILS;
BBDOCTIOR; TBARSPOBT; SOIL COLOBR; BODBLS; BODEL
SOIL COLON US
144
Polyphenols in Plant, Humus, and Soil.  I.
Polyphenols of Leaves, Litter, and Superficial
Humus from Hull and Borsites

Conlson, C.B.; t>avies, B.I.; Levis, D.A.

J. Soil Sci., 11, 20-29; 1960

POLTPBBHOL; PLANTS; HOBOS;  SOILS; LEAVES; LITTEH;
PBEROLS
141
Effect of Soil Enrichment vith Mineral Elements
and Fertilizers on Surface Hater and Plants

Cottenie, A.; Faculty Agronony Sciences, Ghent,
Belgium

Qual. Plant. Bater. Veg., 22(1), 37-53; 1972

PLARTS; PH; SOIL HOISTOBE; SOIL ENRICHBBRT; TBACE
ELEBERTS; FERTILIZERS; LI HIKG; PLANTS; SOILS

Observations indicate that intensive use of solid
fertilizers may result in a certain accumulation
of nutrient elements in the soil and an
enrichment of soil water with these elements.
This type of contamination, however, is less
important than soil and plant pollution vith
external sources of trace elements, which can
lead to toxic accumulations in plants and yield
depressions.  An accurate identification of such
situation is possible using simple pot
experiement techniques.  The most effective way
for immobilizing an excess of unwanted trace
elements in  light textured soils, is a
consistant increase of soil pH by liming.
145
Determination of the Stability Constants of
Betallo-Organic Complexes in Soils

Courpron, C.

Annls. Agron. 18, 623-638; 1967

STABILITY CORSTARTS; HOBIC ACIDS; SOILS; COPPER;
ZIRC; FOLYIC ACID; ORGANIC BATTEB;
OBGAHONBTALLICS; HEATH ECOSISTBB; BETERTIOR

Spectrophotometric and ion-exchanqe techniques
were nsed to determine the stability constants of
complexes formed between copper or zinc with
fulvic or humic acid extracts from the A(o)
horizon of a podzol characteristic of
moist-heathland sandy soils.  Besults show higher
stability constants for organic matter-copper
than for organic matter-zinc complexes,
suggesting that in humus-rich soils copper would
be retained  more strongly than zinc.
146
Effect of Phosphate and Other Anions on
Trimethylarsine Formation by CARDIDA HOBICOLA

Cox, D.P.; Alexander, B.; Dep. Agron., Cornell
Oniv., Ithaca, R. T.

Appl. Bicrobiol. (APBBAt) 1973, 25(3), 408-13; 1973'

HETHILABSIHB; PHOSPHATES; ABSERIC; BETABOLITE;
SOILS; BICBOBBS; PESTICIDES
                                                    21

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 147-155
 117
 concentration  of  Heavy  Metals  tn  Soils  With  and
 without Tilling

 Croessmann, G.; Joseph  Koenig  Inst.,
 Landwirtschaft. Ontecs.  Forschangsanst.
 LandwirtschaftsKammer Bestfael.  lippe,
 Muenster/Hestf. ,  Germany

 Staub   Heinhalt.  Luft (STBHAV) ,  31(1),  22-23;  1971

 METALS; SOILS; TILLAGE;  ZINC;  CADNIUfl;
 CONCENTRATION;  HEAVY METALS •
 118
 Migration of Pollutants  in  a Glacial  Ontvash
 Environment

 Crosby. J.B.;  Johnstone,  D.L.;  Drake, C.H.;
 Fenton, R.L.

 Rater  Resources  Res..  1(5), 1095-1111;  1968, Oct.

 BIOCONVEBSION; SAMPLING;  SEBAGE;  SOILS; SUSPENDED
 SOLIDS; UNDEBGROUND  AQUIFERS; BASTES; BATES;
 PERMEABILITY;  BASTE  COMPOSITION;  MIGRATION;
 GLACIAL OOTB1SB;  OOTBASH

 Test drillings,  neutron,  gamma-gamma  and natural
 gamma  logging  and chemical  and bacteriological
 analysis show  that 50  feet  of soil removes
 bacteria, and  lateral  water movement  is probably
 high.
 119
 The Utilization  and  Consumption of Hercury in
 France Outline of  the Resulting Bealth Problems

 Cumont, G.

 Reel. Bed.  Vet.  EC.  Alfort.,  118 (l»). 1972, 127-112

 AIR; BATER; SOILS; FOODS;  OTILIZATIOH;
 CONSUMPTION;  NEBCURY
150
Cycling  and Control  of Metals

Carry, (I.G.; Cigliotti,  G.H.; National
Environmental  Research Center, Cincinnati,   OH

Proceedings of  Environmental  Resources
Conference, Columbus,  OR,  Oct. 31-Nov. 2,  1972.
Environmental  Protection Agency,  Hashington, DC,
national Science  Foundation, Hashington, DC,
Battelle Columbus Labs.  Columbus, OH.   Report Ho.
BBBC-C-CP-73-1 ; Monitoring    Agency Beport. Ho.
18; PB-216 181/2.   187p.
151
The Environmental Rercnry  Problem

D'ltri, F.H.

The Environmental Hercury  Problem,  The Chemical
Rubber Co.; Cleveland, OH,  121  p.;  1972

HEBCOBT
152
The Biotransformation of Organomercury Compounds

Daniel, J.B.

Biochem. J. 130(2), 61P-65P; 1972

BIOTRANSFORHATION; OHGANOMERCUHIALS;
MICROORGANISMS; BATS; LIVBB; FUNGICIDES; SOILS;
HEBCUBY
153
Influence of Air Movement on Persistence of EPTC
on Soil

Danielson, L.L.; Gentner, B.A.

Beeds, 12, 92-94; 1964

AIB B07EHEHT; PERSISTE»CE; EPTC; AIR; SOILS
151
Trace Metal Content of Soils Affected by Base
Metal Mining in the Best of England

Davies, B.E.; Dept. of Geography, University
College of Bales

Oikos  (Copenhagen), 22, 366-72;  1971

TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; PASTORS  SOILS; GARDEN
SOILS; COBALT; IBON; MANGANESE;  CADMIOH; COPPER;
LEAD; SILVER; ZINC; MINES; MINE SPOILS; ATOMIC
ABSORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOHETRT; NICKEL; ASH; SEBAGE
SLODGE; DANUBE; DISEASES;  CANCER; MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS

The  lower part of  the Tamar Valley district of
vest Devon and east Cornwall is mineralized and
there was extensive base metal  mining in the
nineteenth century. Soil samples were collected
frcm pastures and  gardens  within and without the
mineralized area.  There was no regional
differentiation for cobalt, iron and manganese.
But  within the mineralized area cadmium, copper,
lead, silver and zinc contents  of 11 per cent of
pasture soils were abnormally high compared with
the  controls:  this is ascribed  to contamination
by buried lodes and mine spoil.  Most garden
soils also contained anomalously high amounts of
heavy metals but these may arise by processes
other than mine pollution.  Levels of
acetic-soluble (that is, plant  available)  metals
correlated significantly with the corresponding
total contents.  These results  may be significant
in relation to certain diseases.
 155
 Lead Contamination of Roadside Soil and Grass in
 Birmingham, England, in Relation to Naturally
 Occurring Levels

 Davies, B.B.; Holmes, P.L.; Oniversity College of
 Bales, Aberystvyth, United Kingdom

 Journal of Agricultural Science, 79(3), 179-484;
 1972

 LEAD; SOILS; GRASSES; RUNOFF; ROADSIDE SOJLS
                                                     22

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                                                                                                   156-164
156
Retention of Low Levels of Copper by Hmic  Acid

Davies. p.I.; chceshire, H.V.; Graha»-Bryce,  I.J.

J. Soil Sci., 20, 65-71; 1969

COPPER; HOBIC ACIDS; RETENTION;  SOILS
161
Toxicity and Movement of Heavy Hetals in
Serpentinic Soils  (Northeastern Portugal)

De Segueira, E.H.

Agronomic Loslt.,  30, 115-151; 1968

HEAVY HETALS; SERPENTINE SOILS; SOILS
157
Chemical Nature of the Copper Complexes in  Peat
Soils and Plants

Davson, J.E.; Hair, C.K.

Part of Copper Metabolism, B.O.  HcElroy and  B.
Glass,  (Eds.), John Hopkins Press, Baltimore,  ad.
 (JPH),  (315-335);  1950

PEAT; SOILS; PLANTS; COPPEB; COHPLEIBS; CHEHISTBY
 158
 Horticulture and Pollution

 Day, B.E.

 Hort. Science 5(1), 237-239; 1970

 SOILS; SATER; AIR; PESTICIDES; SALINITY;
 HORTICOLTDHE



 159
 Evolution of Soil Micro Flora as a Function of
 its Zinc and Lead Concentration

 De Leval, J.; Demonty, J.

 Rev. Ecol. Blol. Sol., 9(3), 991-50H;  1972

 SOILS; HICROFLORA; ZINC; LEAD; EVOLOTION
160
Evolution of the Soil Hicroflora as a Function of
Zn and Pb Concentrations.

De Leval, J.; Demonty, J.; Dniversite de Liege
Sart-Tilman, 1000-Liege, Belgium

Bevue d'Ecologie et de Biologie dn Sol., 9,
U91-50U; 1972

LEAD; ZINC; INDOSTRIAL EFFLOEIITS; FALLOUT;
VEGETATION; PLANTS; HICBOBIOtOGY; HICROFLOBA;
HICROORGANISHS

On land where the original ARBBBRATHERDH ELATIDS
population had been gradually destroyed by
industrial pollution (fall-out of Zn and Pb) and
replaced by resistant AGBOSTIS species, chemical
and biological studies shoved that vegetation
affected microbiological activity lore than did
soil contamination by Zn and Pb.  Reduced
•icrobiological activity was observed in soil
under dead A. ELATI OS,  but an active licroflora
adapted to the ne* biotope had developed under
AGBOSTIS, shoving the importance of the
rhizosphere and the adaptability of the
micro-organisms.
162
Sorption and Desorption Characteristics of
Malachite Green on Kaolinite

De, S.K.; Das Kannngo, J.L.; Chakravarti, S.K.;
Dep. Chei., Oniv. North Bengal, Darjeeling, India

J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. (JINSA4) 1973, 21(2),
137-U1; 1973

HALCBITE GBEEN; DESOBPTIOM; KAOLINITE; CATIONS;
HALACBITE
163
Ultimate-Disposal of Baste-Sater Concentrates to
the Environment

Dean, B.B.

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2(12), 1079-1086; 1968,
December

DISPOSAL; HASTBHATEB; HATEB; HASTES
161
Hobility of Trace Elements in Deltas (A Study of
Pedogenesis Relevant to Availability Problems)

DeGroot, A.J.

Trans. Meet. Conns II 6 IV, int. Soc. Soil Sci.,
19, 267-279; 1967

DECOBPOSITIOH; BIVEBS; TRACE ELEMENTS; DELTA;
SOILS; IRON; COPPER; COBALT; MANGANESE; RATER;
BIVER DELTAS; HOBOS

Deltaic sediments can alter their trace-element
composition by mobilization of these elements as
soluble metallo-organic complexes, the
mobilization depending on the element, (iron less
than copper greater than cobalt greater than
manganese) , and on the guantity and decomposition
of organic matter. Depending on the richness of
the relevant river in trace elements, organic
matter in the delta, and distance from the river,
marginal or submarginal conditions for plant
nutrition may appear in adjacent soils.  The
latter is shown for copper, with reference to the
Rhine, Ems, and Chao Phya  (Thailand)  deltas.
                                                    23

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165-173
 165
 The Toxicity of Copper Accumulating In Soils

 Delas, J.

 Agrochiiica, 7, 258-288; 1963

 PH; FIXATION; CL»I; ORGANIC HATTIB; SOILS;
 REVIEH; COPPER; CHELATES; IRON

 A discussion, with 76 references, of the
 characteristics of copper toxicity  (symptoms,
 limit rallies, pH dependence) , fixation of copper
 by clay and organic latter, and physicological
 causes and control of toxicity.  In alkaline
 soils copper usually becomes fixed in a complex
 fora, but most of the copper in acid soils
 remains isotopically exchangeable and thus toxic.
 Correcting soil acidity and application of
 chelated iron are the best methods of controlling
 toxicity.
 166
 Study of the Relationships Between Copper and
 Organic Hatter in a Ferruginous-Bumic Podzol
 Accidentally Enriched vith Copper

 Delas, J.

 C.R. Hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris  262D,
 2688-2691; 1966

 FUNGICIDES; COPPER; SOILS; PH; HOBOS;
 OBGANONETALLICS; PODZOL; FBBBOALIHOOS-HOHIC
 PODZOL; ORGANIC HATTER

 Fungicide treatments had brought the Cu content
 (n NHOOAc at pB 7) of the A, and B1  horizons to
 603 and 999 mg/kg soil respectively. A study of
 the hnmic compounds extracted from these horizons
 shows that organometallic complexes  are formed
 between Cu and the most mobile fraction of the
 organic matter.
 167
 Copper-Organic flatter Complexes  in  a  Podzol
 Developed on the Landos Sands and Accidentally
 Enriched with Copper

 Delas, J.

 Annls Agron.. 18, 17-29;  1967

 IRON; BDHDS; PODZOL: COPPER; FUNGICIDES

 In a Fe-humns podzol treated with Cu  fungicides
 to toxic levels SO years ago, Cu was  bound to the
 most mobile fraction of the organic matter by
 stable bonds, some of which occurred  in
 electro-negative complexes.
168
Selective Action of  II,  M,  Di-Hethyl-2,2,
Diphenylacetamide-Dipbenamid  and  its Behavior in
the Soil

Deli, J.

Diss. Abstr. Int. B. Sci.  Bng.,  30(11), 5209; 1970

HORNING GLORY; HERBICIDES; TRARSLOCATION;
PHYTOTOIICITY; OAtS; DIPBENYLACBTAHIDB; DIPBBRAHID
                                                           169
                                                           Adsorption,  Desorption, and  Leaching  of
                                                           Diphenamid in  Soils

                                                           Deli,  J.;  Barren,  G.F.

                                                           leed  Sci.,  19(1) ,  67-69;  1971

                                                           ADSORPTION;  DESORPTION; LEACHING;  DIPHENAHID;
                                                           SOILS-  NOVBHENT; CLAY  CONTENT;  BENTOHITE;  HOCK;
                                                           SILT;  LOAN;  ORGANICS;  HERBICIDES
                                                           170
                                                           Infared Absorption Evidence on Exchange Reaction
                                                           flechanism of Copper and Zinc with Layer Silicate
                                                           Clays and Peat

                                                           DeNumbrum,  I.E.;  Jackson,  H.L.

                                                           Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.,  20, 33U-337;  1956

                                                           COPPBH; ZINC; CLAY; PEAT;  SILICATES;  EXCHANGE
                                                           REACTION
                                                           171
                                                           Copper S Zinc Exchange from Dilute Neutral
                                                           Solutions by Soil Coloidal Electrolytes

                                                           DeHumbrum, L.E.; Jackson, H.L.

                                                           Soil Sci., 81, 353-357; 1956

                                                           COPPBR; ZINC; SOILS; COLLOIDS; BETAL EXCHANGE
                                                           172
                                                           Copper Snlfate in Flooded Cranberry Bogs

                                                           Denbert, K.H.; Demoranville, I.E.

                                                           Pesticides Honit. J., 1(1), 11-13;  1970

                                                           CRANBERRY BOGS; COPPER SOLFATE; ALGAL GROWTH;
                                                           HATEB; FLOODHATEB; STREAHS; POHDS;  COPPER;  BOGS;
                                                           ALGAI

                                                           Cranberry bogs are treated with copper sulfate  to
                                                           control algal growth.  In order to  assess
                                                           possible water pollution after release of treated
                                                           floodwater into streams and ponds,  the rate of
                                                           which copper disappeared from the water after
                                                           treatment was monitored in two separate bogs.   In
                                                           both bogs, the concentration of copper 25 hours
                                                           after application was higher than expected  due  to
                                                           smaller volumes of floodwater.   During the  first
                                                           6 days after treatment, cooper concentrations
                                                           decreased rapidly and after 10 days,  about  95%  of
                                                           the copper had disappeared.  Ihen floodwater was
                                                           released about » weeks after treatment, the
                                                           concentration of copper was at the  same level
                                                           found in the water prior to treatment.  (7
                                                           references)
                                                            173
                                                            Arsenic Solubility in  a Reduced Environment

                                                            Denel, L.8.; Swoboda,  A.B.

                                                            Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(2), 1972, 276-278

                                                            ARSINE; CLOSED SOIL SYSTEM; SOILS;  ARSENIC;
                                                            SOLUBILITY
                                                    24

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                                                                                                  174-180
Incidents of Chromium Contamination of
Gronndwater in Hichigan

Deatsch, 0.

Part of Proceedings of the Symposium on
Gronndwater Contamination, Robert A. Taft
Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, OH,
Technical Report i61-5. Public Health Service,
O.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Self are, p. 98-1 OH; 1961

CHROaiON; GROOUD 1ATER; RATED
175
Arsenic Solubility in a Reduced Environment

Devel, L.E.; Svoboda, A.B.; Texas ASH
Oniversity, College Station, Texas

Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,
36(2), 276-278; 1972

FLOODS; SOILS; ARSENIC; REDUCTION; IRON; ARSINE

In flooded soils  (Boaston black clay), soluble
arsenic levels were related to the total arsenic
content and the reduced environment.  Onder
flooding at 25 and 38C, an E (h) value of 100 mV
was the point at which the total arsenic/soluble
arsenic ratio became relatively constant.  The
maximum soluble arsenic content vas 4.2X of the
total arsenic.  The increase in soluble arsenic
at low reduction potentials vas attributed to the
reduction of iron and not of the arsenic itself.
Arsine was not detected in any soil sample though
the method would have detected even 0.0025 ppm
AsH(3) in the soil.
176
The Role of Adsorption in the Fractionation and
Distribution of Elements

DeVore, G.S.

J. Geol. 63b, 159-190; 1955

ADSORPTION; FRACTIONATION; DISTRIBUTION; TRACE
BLE8BNTS
177
Movement and Persistence of Hethanearsonates in
Soil

Dickens, R.; Hiltbold, A.E.; Auburn Oniversity,
Auburn, Alabama

Seeds, 15, 299-30K; 1967

DISODIDS HETHANEARSONATE; DS8A; SOILS; CLAI;
LEACHING; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; ARSENIC

Experiments were conducted to determine
adsorption of methanearsonate by soils, soil
separates, and reference clay minerals from
solutions of disodium methanearsonate  (DSHA) ,
effects of soil type and pH on the leaching of
surface-applied DSNA, and effects of soil type
and added organic matter on the oxidation of the
methyl carbon of methanearsonate.  Adsorption of
methanearsonate by kaolinite and vermiculite
increased with increasing concentration of DSHA
in the eguilibrium solution.  Kaolinite and
limonite adsorbed much more methanearsonate than
vermiculite and montmorillonite. The clay
fraction of Augusta silt loam adsorbed more
methanearsonate than did the sand and silt
fractions.  Adsorption by whole soils was related
generally to their clay contents.  Leaching with
20 successive 1-inch increments of water removed
2% of surface-applied methanearsonate from
Norfolk loamy sand.  Rates of movement of DSSi in
Norfolk loamy sand did not differ in three pB
levels.  About one-half of the applied
methanearsonate remained in the surface inch of
Decatur clay loam and none was reached below 6
inches.  Oxidation of the methyl carbon of
methanearsonate was associated with oxidation of
soil organic matter in each soil.  In three of
the soils, there was no evidence of
microbiological adaptation of methanearsonate.
In Norfolk loamy sand, however, increasing
decomposition of methanearsonate relative to soil
organic matter occurred with time of incubation.
Decomposition of added plant material in this
soil enhanced the oxidation of methanearsonate.
178
Environmental Contamination by Lead from a Dine
and Smelter, A Preliminary Report

Djuric, D.; Institute of Occupational and
Radiological Health, Yugoslavia

Archives of Environmental Health

LEAD; SINES; SHELTERS;  CONCENTRATION; AIR;
RIVERS; SOILS; VEGETATION; URINE

Fragmentary data on lead concentrations in air,
civers, soil, and vegetation illustrates how a
300 year old mine and smelter contaminated a
large region in Yugoslavia.  A screening test
(urinary excretion of gamma-aminolevulinic acid)
applied to a population sample suggests lead
absorption may be hazardous.  Tables present data
on lead concentrations in atmosphere (V sampling
dates), particule distribution, water
concentration, soil concentration,  plant and food
products concentration, ALA urinary
concentrations.
179
Study of the Spatial Distribution of Some Hobile
Coipounds in the Soil Profile

Dmitriyev,  T.A.

Sov. Soil Sci.  (Engl. Transl. Pochvovedenie)
3(H), 1181-485;  1971

POTASSIOM;  FERRI CYANIDE;  IODINE; STARCH; COLOR
CHANGE; SOILS
180
Zinc in Soils and Farm Crops of the Southern
Ukraine

Dobrolyubskii, O.K.;  OSSR

Hater. Nanch. Konf. Fak.  Vinograd.
Plodoovoshchevodstva, Odess. Sel'Skokhoz.
Inst. (26HLA6) 1970, 118-30,; 1970

ZINC; PLANTS; SOILS;  SORPTION;  CROPS; ACCUMULATION
                                                    25

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181-188
 181
 Phenoloxidase Activity of the Soil Under
 Industrial Contamination Conditions

 Dolgova,  L.G.;  Dnepropetr. Gos.  Oniv.,
 Dnepropetrovsk, OSSB

 Pochvovedenie (PVDEAZ),  9, 6<»-69:  1973

 PHENOL;  INDUSTRY;  SOILS; GBASSBS;  BHZTHES;
 MICBOORGANISMS; SOILS; PHENOLOXIDASE
 182
 Phenol-Degrading Capability of Soil Onder
 Industrial Pollution Conditions

 Dolgova,  L.G.;  Kuchma,  V.N.;  Dnelpropetr. Gos.
 Oniv.,  Dnepropetrovsk,  OSSB

 Biol.  Hauki (BINRBI) . 16(12),  109-112;  1973

 PHENOL;  WASTEWATER;  BIODEGRADATION; SOILS;
 INDUSTRY
 183
 Study of Lead,  Copper,  Zinc and Cadmium
 Contamination  of Food Chains of Han

 Dorn,  C.R.;  Pierce,  J.O.;  Chase,  G.R.;  Phillips,
 B.E.;  Missouri Oniv., Columbia

 Final Report,  June 26,  1971-Dec.  26,  1972;
 Missouri University;  PB 223 018/3;  Contract
 EPA-68-02-0092;  Monitoring Agency Rept. No.
 EPA-R3-73-03U;  121 p.;  1972, J)ec.

 AIR;  ANIMALS;  FOOD CHAINS;  SOILS; CADMIUM;
 COPPER;  LEAD:   ZIHC;  CATTLE; DUSTS; CHOPS;
 ANALYSIS;  LIVER;  KIDNEYS;  BONES;  RESIDUES;
 VEGETATION;  MEATS; MILK;  BOOTS;  HEAVY METALS

 A  statistically  designed  study was conducted in
 the new  lead producing  region of  Southeastern
 Missouri  to estimate  the  aiount of soil,
 vegetation, »eat  and  «ilk  contamination by
 cadtiui,  copper,  lead and  zinc.   Dustfall,  soil,
 root and  vegetation  tops  were collected H tiles
 during a  one year period  at varying distances
 fro* the  highway  on  a test fan exposed to  lead
 production sources of heavy metal contamination
 and on a  control  far* outside the lead  production
 area.
189
Decomposition of Pyriiidine  Derivatives  in  Soil.
The Effect of Specific Hicroflora  and  Specific
Preincubation

Drobnikova, V.; Pospisilova,  V.; University
Prague, Czechoslovakia

Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie.  Parasitenknnde.
Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Zveite
Abteilung, 127(1), 98-112; 1972

DECOMPOSITION; PYRIMIDINE; SOILS;  HICBOFLORA;
INCUBATION; THYHINE; URACIL;  CHBBNOZEM;
OXIDATION; RENDZINA SOILS; RESPIRATION CURVE

The basic types ef respiration carves of thyaine
and uracil showed that both substrates underwent
oxidation in a chernozem, apparently due to the
presence of the enzyme-complex
uracil-thy»ine-oxidase; only thymine was oxidized
in a rendzina that lacked this enzyme-complex.
Specific preincubation promoted the process of
oxidation, and the same occurred when specific
bacteria (growing on thymine and uracil) isolated
from the chernozem were inoculated into the soils.
185
The Effect of the Application of Various Mining
and Industrial Hastes on the Productivity of
Light Soils.  Part 3.  The Influence of Waste
Materials on Plant Crops

Croese, H.; Fabijanski, J.; Radecki, A.;
Siierzchalski, L.; Zimniak, Z.; Department of
General Soil and Plant Cultivation, Warsaw
Agricultural University, Poland

Roczniki Gleboznawcze, 23(1), 101-122; 1972

MINING; INDUSTRY; 1ASTES; SOILS; CHOPS; POTATOES;
OATS; RYE; VETCH; SILICA; SANDY SOILS;
PHOSPHATES; DOLOMITE; SEHPENTINITE; COPPEB

The effects of 20 waste materials on a rotation
of potatoes-oats-rye-vetch were compared.  Those
with a good or poor beneficial effect and those
with a negative effect were distinguished.  The
•ost effective wastes included silica with added
phosphate meal, dolomite or serpentinite and
copper mine wastes.  Best results were obtained
from applications of a0-60 tons/ha »ixed with the
top 20ci of soil especially on sandy soils.
186
Importance of Hnmic Acids in Concentrating Trace
Elements in Soils

Drozdova, T.V.

;  1968

BEVIES; HOMIC ACIDS; TBACE ELEMENTS; SOILS

A  review with 22 references.
187
Specific Adsorption of Copper by a Number of Soils

Da Plessis, S.F.; Burger, R.D.; Navorsingsinst.
Sitrus Subtrop. Vrugte, Relspruit, S. Africa

Pert. Soc. S. Afr. J.  (PSAJA6) , 1(1), 31-33

COPPBH; SOHPTION; SOILS; PH; ADSORPTION
188
The Displaceability of Specifically Adsorbed
Copper from Clay Minerals

Du Plessis, S.F.; Burger, R.D.

Agrocheiophysica 3 (2). 1971 17-22.

KAOLINITE;  MONTHORILLONITE;  ADSORPTION;
DISPLACEMENT;  COPPER;  CLAY MISBBALS
                                                     26

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                                                                                                   189-194
189
Microbiological Leaching in  the  Presence  of
Ferric Iron

Duncan, D.H.; Balden, C.C.;  British Co 1mbla
Res., Vancouver, B.C.

Develop. Ind. Hicrobiol. (DIBCAL), 13, 66-75;  1972

COPPER; BACTERIAL LEACHING;  ZIHC; FBRROOIIDAHS;
FERRIC ION; LEACHING; HICBOBIOLOGT
 190
 Investigations Concerning Probable Impact of
 Nitrilotriacetic Acid on Ground  Rater

 Dunlap, H.J.; Cosby, H.L.; HcNabb, J.F.; Bledsoe,
 B.E. ; Scalf, II.R.; Robert S.  Kerr Hater Research
 Center, Ada, OK
Rater Pollution Control Research  Series;
Honitoring Agency Bept Ho. R72-07223,
EPA-16060-GBR-11/71; Proj. EPA-16060-GHB;
1971, November
69 p.
ACETIC ACID; RATER; CHELATES;  DETERGENTS; GROUND
RATER; HYDROLOGY; CHELATIOH;  BETALS;
BIODBTERIORATION; ADSORPTION;  SOILS; LEAD;
CADMIUM; AQOIFEBS; TRACER  ACETIC  ACID;  AMINES;
NTA; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID;  MODEL;  SORPTION;
DEGRADATION; IRON; ZINC; CHEOHIOH;  HERCORY;
BOVEHENT

The fate and effect of NTA both in  ground waters
and in soil profiles overlying ground  waters  were
studied using  laboratory nodels.  Sorption of NTA
on soils slows its movement  into  and through
ground waters.  Sorption is  not sufficient to
prevent or greatly reduce  potential pollution of
ground water by NTA used as  a  detergent builder.
NTA infiltrating through cost  unsatnrated soils
undergoes rapid and complete degradation and
contributes only inorganic nitrogen compounds and
carbonate to ground waters.  NTA  inflitrating
through saturated soils experiences only very
limited degradation, with a  major portion
entering ground water intact.  Any  NTA  which
escaped degradation during infiltration through
soils could transport such metals as iron, zinc,
chromium, lead, cadmium, and mercury from soils
into ground waters.  NTA would degrade  slowly in
essentially anaerobic ground-water  environments.
191
Probable Iipact of Nitrilotriacetie-Acid on
Ground Rater

Dunlap, H.J.; Cosby, R.L.; HcNabb, J.F.; Bledsoe,
B.E.; Scalf, (I.E.

Ground Hater, 10(1), 107-117;  1972

SOILS; SORPTION; DEGRADATION;  METALS; MODEL
AQOTFERS; NTA; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID; GRODNO HATER
192
An Overview of Trace Element Distribution
Patterns in Hater

Durum, R.H.; Hem, J.D.; 0.3. Geological Survey,
Hater Resources Division

Part of Hopps, B.C. (Ed.), Cannon, H.L. (Ed.),
Annals of the Sew York Academy of Sciences,
Volume 199, Geochemical Environment in Relation
to Health and Disease  (p. 26-36); 1972, June 28

ARSENIC; CADMIUM; COBALT; LEAD; ZINC;  HERCORY;
COMPLEXES; SEDIMENTS; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS;
SORPTION; SOILS; IRRIGATION; HATER; TRACE
ELEMENTS; PLANTS; RAINRATER; STREAMS

The data presented in this study suggest, as one
would expect, that the heavy metals determined by
•odern techniques of atomic absorption and
neutron activation analysis are widely
distributed in low concentrations in water.
There is some evidence that the concentration
levels are related to man's activities in some
cases, but there appears to be no widespread
occurrence of these metals in water exceeding
current standards.  In the thickly populated
areas of New England and the northeast, cadmium
and lead appear to be detected more frequently
than in other regions of the United States.  A
similar pattern for lead fallout in rainwater has
been observed by others for the well-watered
northeast and southeast.  The current survey
shows essentially no areas of excessive lead in
water, but the widespread presence of small
amounts of lead in water supplies that chemically
favor retention of lead warrants careful
attention.  It is recognized that minor elements
and organic compounds in water can occur in the
dissolved phase or in association with sediment.
Material in the bed of the stream serves as an
integrator of chemical and biological processes
that occur in the stream and should be an
indicator of the nature of the solids suspended
in the stream during periods of higher flow.
                193
                Relation between Sulfur Oiids Concentration in
                Atmosphere and Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil

                Eda, S.; Obirin Junior Coll., Tokyo, Japd"

                Kogai to Taisakn (KOTTAH) , 8(11),  1067-73; 1972

                SOLFOR OIIDES; SHELTERS; HEAVY METALS;  CADBIUH;
                SOILS; COPPER; LEAD; ZINC; ATHOSPHERE;  AIB
                19H
                Impact on Man of Environmental Contamination
                Caused by Lead

                Edwards,  H.R.; Corrin,  H.L.;  Grant,  L.O.;
                Hartman,  L.M.; Reiter,  E.R.;  Colorado State
                Oniv., Fort Collins,  CO

                Progress  Report, July 1,  1970-June  30, 1971;
                PB-223 623; Honitoring  Agency Rept.  No.
                NSF-RA/E-72-003; Grant  NSF-GI-U;  180p.;  1971,  July

                LEAD;  AIR;  EXHAUST GASES;  FUEL ADDITIVES;
                ACCOMOLATION; HESIDOES; SOILS; LEACHING;  GAS
                ANALYSIS; TISSUEHEATHER MODIFICATION; NUCLEATION;
                PLANTS;  FUELS; AUTOHOBILE  EMISSIONS;  ROMANS;
                EXHAUST;  TRANSPORT; BIOACCUHULATION

                The objectives of the research was  to develop and
                test an interdisciplinary  approach  to
                environmental problems  using  lead as an  example,
                and to evaluate consequences  of lead pollution
                from traffic exhaust  and economic and
                technological effects of steps taken to  reduce
                lead pollution from this source.  Emphasis during
                the phase of the program covered  in  this report
                is upon pilot experiments  to  determine where,  in
                what forms, and at what rate  lead from traffic
                exhaust is  accumulating in the environment.  The
                topics covered include  atmospheric  transport,
                atmospheric chemistry,  inadvertent  weather
                modification, bioaccumulation, lead  in soil and
                plants, economic aspects,  and chemical analysis.
                                                    27

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 195-204
 195
 Fate  of Cacodylic Acid in Soils and Plants

 Ehian,  P.J.;  Wisconsin Aluini Research
 Foundation,  Radison,  Wisconsin

 Ansal Chemical  Coapany,  Harinette,  Wisconsin,  17
 p.;  1963,  Deceiber 26

 AGRICULTURE;  CACODYLIC ACID;  SOILS; PLANTS;
 EEAHS;  CABBAGES;  COBH; POTATOES;  POTATOES;
 CABROTS;  SOYBEANS;  AHSAR-138; ADSOBPTION;
 BESIDOES;  RATS;  ANIHALS;  CONCENTBATION;  AHSENIC

 Seven field  crops,  grown  in a soil  treated with 5
 Ib/acre of 100% cacodylic acid, shoved no
 significant  arsenic residue in the  edible
 portions.  Cacodylic acid, when applied to  soils
 as  a  water solution,  is  quite ficily surface
 adsorbed  by  the soil  particles.  A  siall but
 steady  leaching of cacodylic acid occurs in
 watered soils.   Cacodylic acid applied to  a sod
 surface becoies rather evenly distributed  at  a
 10-inch depth in about one week.   The saoke,  froi
 burning grass previously treated  with cacodylic
 acid  shoved  increased irritation  to lucous
 neibranes of the lungs of rats, over sioke froi
 burning untreated grass.   No other  toxic effects
 resulting from  sioke inhalation were noted.
 196
 Biogeocheiistry of  the  Hinor Elements in  Soil

 Ehrlich,  B.L.;  Department  of Biology,  Bensselaer
 Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy, NT

 Part  of  BcLaren,  A.O. and  Skujins,  J.  (Eds.),
 Soil  Biochemistry,  Vol.  2,  New York,  Harcel
 Dekker,  Inc.  (p.  361-384);  1971

 SOILS; REVIEH;  MICROBIOLOGY; BIOGEOCBBHISTBY;
 COBALT;  NICKEL;  COPPEB;  ZINC; HOLYBDENOH;
 HANGANESE; IODINE;  VAHADIOH

 A review, vith  103  references, of  licrobial
 action on Group V and Group VI elements vanadiui,
 •anganese, cobalt,  nickel,  copper,  zinc,
 •olybdenui and  iodine.
 197
 Reaction of Copper Tetra»ine  vith  Bentonite  Clay

 El-Sayed, H.H. ; Burau, R.G.; Babcock,  K.L.

 Soil Sci soc a« Proc 35  ^4)  1971  571-57*

 CALCIOH; SORPTION; ISOTH8RH; ION  EXCHANGE;  CLAY;
 COPPER; TETRAHHINE; BENTOMITE  CLAY



 198
Copper II-Anion Complexes in Clay Systems

 El-Sayed, H.H.; Baraa, B.C.; Babcock,  K.L.

Soil Sci.,  110(3), 202-207;  1970

COPPER; CLAY;  COHPLEXBS; AMIONS
 199
 Cation and Anion Interchange  with  Zinc
 Nontiorillonite Clays

 Elgabaly, II.R.; Jenny,  H.

 J. Phys. Chea., 47,  399-408;  1943

 CATION EXCBANGE; ZINC;  ANION  EXCHANGE;  CLAY;
 RONTBORILLONITE
200
Effect of EDTA on the  Self Diffusion of  Zinc  in
Aqueous Solution and in Soil

Elqavhary, S.H.; Lindsay, W.L.; Keaper,  i.D.

Soil Sci Soc Aaer Proc 34  (1)  1970 66-70

CBELATING; EDTA; DIPFOSION; ZINC; SOILS
201
Adsorption Reactions of Hicro Nutrients  in Soils

Ellis, B.G.; Knezek, B.D.

Part of Hortvedt, J.J.; Giordano, P.H.;  Lindsay,
B.L.,  (Eds.), Hicronutrients in Agriculture,
Proceedings of a Syiposiui Held at Huscle Shoals,
Alabaia, April 20-22,  1971. Soil Science Society
of Aierica, Inc.; Hadison, 01  (p. 59-78) 666 p.;
1972

IRON; ALOHINDH; CLAY;  NOTRIBNTS1, ADHESION;
LAIGHOIB EQDATION; BINDING; ADSORPTION;  SOILS;
BICRONOTRIENTS; FREDNDLICB ISOTHERB
202
The Diffusion of Copper, Hanganese, and Zinc as
Affected by Concentration, Clay Hineralogy and
Associated Anions

Ellis, J.R.; Barnhisel, R.I.; Phillips, R.E.

Soil Sci. Soc. A«. Proc., 34, 866-870; 1970

COPPER; SAHGAHBSE; ZINC; CLAY; HINERALS; ANIONS;
CONCENTRATION; DIFFOSION
203
Beioval of Beavy Hetals fro* Acid Bath Plating
Hastes by Soil

Eiig, O.K.; Purdue University, Lafayette, IN

Oniv. BicrofilBs, Ann Arbor, Bich., Order No.
73-28,071, Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 34(6), 2661; 1973

PLATING; PLATING BATH; iASTE DISPOSAL; SOILS;
SOBPTIOM; BEAVY HETALS; ACID BATB
204
Relative Leaching Potential Estimated fro»
Bydrologic Soil Groups

England, C.B.

Part of Proceedings of the 8th Aierican Rater
Resources Conference, St. Louis, 30 Oct.-2 Nov.
1972, p. 105 (Proc. Ser. No. 16); 1972, November

LANDFILLS;  LEACBING;  SOILS;  HATER;  HYDROLOGY
                                                    28

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                                                                                                  205-211
205
Chemical Contaminants Found  in  Surface  and
Subsurface Hater as Related  to  Soil  and Climatic
Conditions

Epstein. E. ; Strnchtemeyer,  B.A.

U.S. GOT. Pes. DOT. Hep. 70(15),  00  PB-191  811;
1970

DOT; PESTICIDES: »ATEB;  SOUS
206
Trace Elements and Colloids  in Soils

Ermolenko, N.F.; Nanka i Tekhnika, Hinsk,  DSSB

English Translation of the Second  Russian
Edition, 259p. ;  1966, in Russian;  1972, in  English

SOILS; CLARKE VALOE; PLANTS; ANIBALS;  SATEB;
TRACE ELEHENTS;  SOIL COLLOIDS; COLLOIDS; CLAT;
BORIC ACIDS; HONTHORILLONITB; IOB  EXCHANGE;
CATION EXCHANGE; THIXOTROPT; ADSOBPTION;
BIOGEOCHEHISTRY; FERTILIZERS; BNZYHBS;
DEFICIENCT; GROWTH STIROLATORS;  SELENIOR;
STHPTOROLOGY; BORANS; OXTGEN; CARBON;  BTDBOGBN;
CALCIOR; POTASSIDH; NITBOGEN; SILICON; HAGNESIOH;
PHOSPHORUS; SDLFOB; SODIOH;  COPPEB; VANADIUB;
CHROHIUH; BBOHINE; GBRNANIOI); NICKEL;  LEAD; TIN;
ARSENIC; COBALT; LITBIDR; CBLOBINE; IRON;
ALOHINUH; BARIDR; STRONTIDH; HANGANBSE; BARIUB;
TITANIOH; FLUORINE; ZINC; ROBIDIOR; HOLTBDENDH;
ORAIIOH; CESIOH; IODINE; HEBCOBT;  RADIOH;
CONCENTRATION; CONCENTRATION FACTOR; BLOOD;
BORBONBS; HOBOS; CEREALS; SOLUBILITY;  PB;  LIRING;
TOTAL; AVAILABILITY; BOBILITI; IRON HYDROXIDES;
ALOHIHOB BTDBOXIDES; PEPTIZATIOR;  PODZOL;  BOG
SOILS; SANDT SOILS; CATTLE;  VITAHIN B12; GBOOND
8ATER; HINERAL SPRINGS; WATER BARONESS; GEL;
POLVIC ACIDS; ABSORPTION SPECTRA;  CBBORATOGRAPBT;
CBEHISORPTION; ZEOLITES; GOITER; GOOT; SOGAR
BEETS; OROV DISEASE; NITROGEN FIXATION;
INDUSTRIAL HASTES; BORON; ANALYTICAL HBTBODS;
CHELATES; RADIOTBACER TECHNIQUES

A discussion on  the distribution of trace
elements in the  Tarious types of Russian soils,
the identification of geochemical  proTinces with
excesses or, lore frequently, deficiencies  of
certain trace elements and the symptoms of  the
endemic diseases produced in plants and animals,
and the large scale efforts  to correct the
situation by using appropriate industrial  or
mining wastes (usually incorporated in other
fertilizers to improve uniformity  of application,
since local excesses may also produce  damage).
Includes considerable knowledge on elemental
abundances (in soils, water, plants, and
animals), on soil colloids,  on ion exchange and
adsorption, on thixotcopy, on humus and hnmic and
fulmic acids, on methods of  correcting trace
element deficiancies by microfectilizers or
certain excesses by reducing mobility  by liming,
and on trace element activation of enzymes  and
selective absorption of trace elements by  plants.
207
Zinc and Cadmium Pollution of Soils and Plants in
the Vicinity of a Zinc Smelting Plant

Ernst, I.

Ber. Dent. Bot. Ges., 85(7-9), 295-300; 1972

AIR; CADRIOH; ANALYSIS;  CROPS; PLANTS; EHISSIONS;
fOOD CBAIN; HEAVY BETALS; SOILS; ZINC; SRELTERS;
SHELTER PLANTS

Both metals were found to have increased up to
one hundred times in soil and plants, decreasing
biological activity.  The food chain may easily
be entered this way.
208
Effect of Chelates on the Bovement of Fission
Products through Soil Columns

Essington, E.H.; Nishita, H.; University of
California, Los Angeles, California

Plant and Soil, 24(1), 1-23; 1966

STRONTIOH; ZINC; YTTRIOH; CESIOH; PBORBTBIOH;
HOVERENT; SOILS; CHELATION; IRRIGATION; IATER;
RADIONOCLIDES

The effect of a number of chelating agents
present in distilled water, and mock irrigation
water, were studied as to the movement of
radionnclides from columns of calcareous soil.
(C1F)
209
Soil-Plant Response to Surface-Applied Hercnry

Estes, G.O.; Knoo.p, I.E.; Houghton, F.D. ; Dep.
Plant Sci., Oniv. New Bampshire, Durham, HH

J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1973, 2(«) U51-2; 1973

BEBCORY;  SOILS; VELVET BENTGRASS; FONGICIDES;
ORGANORERCORIALS; TORF PLANTS; BANGANESE; ZINC;
IRON; COPPER; PLANTS; PHOTOTOXICITY; GRASSES;
TRANSITION BLEBENTS; BENTGRASS

No phytotoxicity was observed in velvet bentgrass
(AGROSTIS CANINA) grown in soil containing 155
ppm mercury. The soil had been treated annually
with 2.10 kq/ha as metallic mercury in
organomercnry fungicides for 15 years. Turf
plants contained 1.68 ppm mercury with normal
levels of other transitional elements that is
manganese, iron, copper, and zinc.
210
Bontmorillonite Exchangeable Thallium and Lead
Cations

Fajnor, V.; Hasar, J.; Fac. Nat. Sci., Comenius
Oniv., Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

Acta Fac. Rerum Natur. Dniv. Comenianae, Chin.
(AFHCAQ) , 18, 13-19; 1973

HONTBORILLONITE; LEAD; THALLIOH; CATIONS
211
Peats as Cation Exchangers in the Production of
Horticultural Soils

Feige, 1.

Acta Bortic, 18, 26-36; 1971

DECOHPOSITION;  RBTALS; CATIONSj SATORATION; PEAT;
BOBTICOLTORE; SOILS
                                                    29

-------
212-218
 212
 Distribution of Copper,  Lead, Zinc, nickel,  and
 Cobalt in Soil in Helation to pH Changes

 Filipovic,  Z.; Stankovic,  B.; Dasic,  Z

 Soil Science,  91, 147-150; 1961

 DISTRIBUTION;  PH; COPPER;  LEAD; ZIMC; NICKEL;
 COBALT; SOILS
 213
 Adsorption of Anionic Detergents by Soils

 Fink.  D. H.;  Thomas,  G.W.;  Beyer, H.J.

 J.  Wat.  Pollut.  Contr. Fed.,  12{2), 265-271;
 1970,  February

 ADSORPTION;  DETERGENTS;  SURFACTANTS;  PHOSPHORUS;
 PHOSPHATES;  SEIAGE;  SOILS; HASTE DISPOSAL;  RED
 CLAY;  CLAY;  HASTE

 Adsorption is high if iron and clay contents  are
 high and  cation  capacity is low.  Sands have  low
 and red-clays high capacities.
 214
 Distribution of Lead 210 and Radium 226 in Soil

 Fisenne,  I.M.;  Atonic Energy Commission, New York

 UCRL-18140,  Part of 13th fleeting on Bioassay and
 Analytical Chemistry, Berkeley,  California, (p.
 115-158)

 RADIUH  226;  LEAD 210; DISTRIBUTION; HOVEHENT;
 SOILS;  SOIL  PBOFILES

 The Da  226 and  Pb 210 content of typical
 tobacco-growing soil was studied as a function of
 depth.   The  depth profile samples,  including
 surface vegetation,  were collected  at an
 undisturbed  area in Maryland.  It was of interest
 to  determine whether these noclides concentrate
 in  the  upper horizons of this soil  type.  Pb 210
 generally decreased with increasing depth,
 resulting in a  decrease  in the Pb 210/Ra 226
 ratio.   An attempt was made to correlate this
 trend with the  known radon emanation rates fro*
 soil.
                            216
                            Effects of Phosphate Sources on Copper and Zinc
                            Movement Fro» Nixed Fertilizers and Band placement

                            Fiskell, J.G.A.; Breland, H.L.; Locascio, S.J.

                            Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc., Florida, 27, 35-49;
                            1968

                            WATERMELONS;  DIABHONIOli PHOSPHATES; AMfiONIATED
                            SUPERPHOSPHATE; SUPERPHOSPHATE; FINE SANDS; SAND;
                            FERTILIZERS;  PH; PHOSPHORUS; ZINC;  COPPEH

                            In field experiments with watermelons, phosphorus
                            as diamnonium phosphate, ammoniated
                            superphosphate or ordinary superphosphate was
                            applied at 0, 39, 78 and 116 kg/ha to Leon fine
                            sand and 0, 115 and 230 kg/ha to Imaokalee fine
                            sand.  Each fertilizer had 0.56 and 4.47 kg/ha or
                            0, 2.1, and 4.5 kg/ha copper as copper sulfate
                            added in the  Leon and Iniokalee experiments,
                            respectively.  Significant differences were found
                            for effects of phosphorus sources and rates on
                            pH, soluble salts, zinc and copper extracted.  In
                            the field, copper particles were seen to remain
                            in the fertilizer band.  In laboratory studies,
                            the amounts of copper, zinc and phosphorus that
                            diffused from nixed fertilizer through filter
                            paper were nearly in proportion to their contents
                            in the fertilizer, but the presence of phosphorus
                            in the fertilizers greatly reduced the
                            solubilities  of copper and zinc.
                            217
                            The Effect of Some Herbicides on the Retention of
                            Mobile Phosphorus Forms and Potassium in the Soil
                            of the Ukraine Steppes

                            Fisynnov, A.V.;  Vsesoyuznyl
                            Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Kukurnzy, Ossc

                            Dokl Vses (Ordena Lenina)  Akad S-Kh Nauk im V I
                            Lenina, (3), 1972, 11-13

                            COBN; SOYBEANS;  PEATINE; CHICK-PEA; LENTIL;
                            1INTBB RHEAT; SIBAZINE; PROPAZINE; CHLORAZINE;
                            ATRAZINE; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUH;  SOBILITY

                            In a 3-year experiment on ordinary heavy loamy
                            chernozem, triazines did not affect the  mobile-p
                            content of the plowed layer. Any changes in the
                            mobile-k content disappeared a year or two after
                            application.
 215
 Potential  Environmental  Chemical Hazards Part
 Industrial and  Hiscellaneous Agents
                3.
Pishbein, L.;  Flaim,  S.G.

Sci. Total  Environ.,  1(2),  p.
August
117-1UO;  1972,
BIBLIOGRAPHY;  BIOCONVERSION;  CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS;  FOOD  CHAINS;  CONCENTRATION;  ORGANIC
BATTER; HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS;  HERBICIDES;
PESTICIDES; POLYHER; ORGANOHETALLICS

Selected chemicals, e.g.,  polymer and plastic
ingredients, rubber additives,  brightening
agents, etc.,  are cited.   Their structure, mode
of entry into  the ecological  system,  and known
biological and  toxicological  effect are  detailed.
(131 references)
218
Seleniferous Vegetation and Soils in the Eastern
Yukon

Fletcher, K.V.;  Doyle, P.;  Brink, V.C.

Can J Plant Sci  53 (3) 1973 701-703

VEGETATION; SOILS; SELENI08
                                                     30

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                                                                                                   219-224
219
Profile Distribution of Zinc, Iron, Hanganese,
and copper in Colorado Soils

Follett. B.H.; Lindsay, H.I.j Colorado State
University, Fort Collings, Colorado

Tech. Bull. Colo. St. Oniv.  110,  p. 79; 1971

ZINC; IBON; HANGAHESE; COPPER; PB; SOUS;
AVAILABILITY; DISTRIBUTION; CLAT

In 37 series available Zn increased with
increasing organic latter and/or  CEC, available
Fe decreased with increasing soil pB, and
available no increased vith increasing organic
•atter and decreased vith increasing soil  pH and
liie content.  Available Cu increased vith both
total Cu and clay content.  available Zn,  re. On
and Cu decreased vith depth in the soil profiles
bat the total contents of these elements shoved a
relatively nnifori distribution.
222
Organic Sequestration of Copper

Fraser, D.C.

Econ. Geol.. 56, 1063-1078; 1961

COPPBB



223
Absorption of Trace Elements Copper and Cobalt by
Soie Field Cultures in Relation to the Content of
Organic Hatter in Soil

Freiberga, G.T.

Izv Akad Nauk Latv SSR (2), 116-121; 1970

SOILS; FIELD CULTURES; ABSORPTION; TRACE
BLEBESTS; COPPER; COBALT; ORGANIC
220
The Absorption of Zinc on Bentonite and Kaolinite
in the Presence of Coiplexing Agents

Fortini, S. ; Tarantola, fl.R.

Agrochiiica, 6, 17U-182; 1962

ADSORPTION; BEMTOHITE; KAOLINITE; HONOSODIDR
TABTBATE; AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS; CATION
SATDBATIOtl; PB; DISODIOB; NITRILIC-TBIACBTATB;
SALTS; EDTA; ZINC; CLAT; CBELATES

Zinc adsorption on bentonite and kaolinte vas
•easnred using zinc 65 in the presence of
chelating agents, lonosodiui tartrate and agueous
leaf extracts froi VICA FABA or BEDTSABUB
CORONARIOB.  Coipetition betveen clay and
chelating agents for zinc plus 2 vas affected by
the state of cation saturation of the clay, the
reactant concentration, the pR of the solution,
and the stability of the complexes forled.  The
extraction of nevly administered zinc vas aliost
coiplete vith an adequately concentrated solution
of disodiui nitrillic-triacetate, bat less
coiplete vith salts of EDTA.  The plant extracts
held much of the zinc plus 2 in coiplei fori
vhile preserving its availability.
22U
Adsorption and Transport of Agricultural
Chemicals in iatersheds

Frere, B.B.; later Quality Hanagement Lab., ARS,
OSCA, Durant, OK

Trans. ASAE  (Aier. Soc. Agr. Eng.)  16(3),
569-572;  1973

BODEL; ADSOHPTIOH; TRANSPORT; SOILS;  WATER;
PLANTS; AGRICULTURE; WATERSHEDS; DEGRADATION;
VOLATILIZATION: BOVEBENT; FERTILIZERS;
PESTICIDES; HDNOFF; EBOSPBATES; EROSION; STREAHS;
TRANSPORT; HERBICIDES

A lodel describes the pathways of cheiicals in
the soil-vater-plant systei important to their
•oveient  in vatersheds.  Method of application,
adsorption, degradation, and volatilization
affect the pathvay of the cheiical, vhile
hydrologic factors control the speed of loveient
and aioant of cheiical loved. Interactions
involved  have been illustrated in a hypothetical
exaiple.
221
Behavior and Side Effects of Benoiyl

Frahi, J.; Dniv. Bohenheii, Stnttgart-Bohenheii,
Ger.

Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz  (ZPFPAA) , 80(7),
U31-IU6; 1973

REVIEW; BENOfiyL; HUTAGENICITY;
BENZIBIDAZOLBCARBABATE; EARTBRORBS; BITES;
PERSISTENCE; NEBATODES; APBIDS; ELAHTS ; SOILS;
WORHS; INSECTS

The toxic effects of benoiyl on non-target
organises including earthworms, neiatodes, mites,
and aphids; the persistence of
2-benzimidazolecarbaiate metabolite, in plants
and soil; and the mntagenicity of benoiyl and
2-benzimidazolecarbamate are revieved.
                                                    31

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 225-231
 225
 CadBiiiB in the Environment, 2

 Fribecg, L.;  Piscator, B.; Nordberg, G.;
 Kjellstroa, T.; The Karolinska Institute,
 Stockholm 60, Sweden

 EPA-H2-73-190, 169p.; 1973, February

 CADMIUB; ANALYTICAL METHODS; INTERFERENCES;
 ATOBIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETBY; BIOOD;
 BEINE; RICE;  GRAINS; POLOBAGRAPHY; PLANTS;
 VEGETABLES; NEOTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; AIR;
 URBAN; SHELTERS; BOSSES; RDRAL; DOSTS; HATER;
 DRINKING WATER; SOILS; CONCENTRATION; SESAGE
 SLUDGE; UPTAKE; FOODS; RHEAT; FISH; TOBACCO;
 CIGARETTES; SNUFF;  INTAKE; FECES EXCRETION;
 HETABOLISH; ABSORPTION;  ANIHALS; BICE; CALCIOH;
 DEFICIENCY; PLACENTAL TRANSFER; DISTRIBUTION;
 KIDNEYS; SUBCUTANEOUS; LIVER; PANCREAS; BABHARY
 GLANDS; CRRONATOGRAPRY;  CADBIUH 109; RATS;
 ACCUBULATION; BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE; TRANSPORT;
 HETALLOTHIONEINj OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; LUNGS;
 HUBANS; BONES; TERATOGENS; EPIDEBIOLOGI;
 PHOTEINURIA;  ELECTROPHORES IS; ITAI ITAI DISEASE

 An update of  information on cadmium published
 earlier, this paper discusses analytical methods
 and new data  on the distribution in air, water,
 drinking vater, soils, foods and tobacco
 products.  Cadmium uptake, intake and metabolism,
 absorption, distribution, excretion, etc.
 including placental transfer are elaborated.
 Analyses of blood,  urine, liver, kidneys, etc.
 The biological half tiie of cadiium in the human
 body is quite long (one  estimate is 9-18 years).
 Host of the excretion is in the feces, bat
 excretion in  urine increases when the kidneys are
 damaged.  Exposure to cadi in* causes
 demineralization in bones and this is worse in
 calcium deficiency.  Epideiiological
 investigation's in  Japan are discussed in sole
 detail.
 226
 Sorption  and Transport in Soils

 Frissel,  H.J.;  Poelstra,  P.;  Beiniger, P.; Inst.
 Ato*.  Sci.  Agric.,  Rageningen, Netherlands

 Part of Sorption  and  Transport Processes Soils,
 Honogr. Soc.  Che«.  Ind.  37,  135-151; 1970

 THAN SPORT;  SOILS; FIXATION;  BIOLOGICAL HIIING;
 PLORING;  HIGBATIOR; STRONTIOB; STBONTIOH 90;
 BODEL; SIBDLATIOR BODEL

 A simulation  model  of transport in a
 heterogeneous soil  system is  presented which
 includes  a  production ten (fixation)  and
 biological  miring and plowing.  The »odel is used
 to describe the migration of  strontiui 90 fallout
 in pastures.
226
Contamination of the Soil  with  Bercury

Frissel, B.J.; Poelstra, P.;  Reiniger, P.;  Das,
8. A.; Assoc. Euraton-Ital,  tiageningen, Netherlands

Proc., Int. Symp. Sadioecol.  Appl.  Prot.  Ban His
Environ. (27QRAN), 2,  9U1-55;  1972

SOILS; BERCURY; SOILS; BETHYLBERCOHY
229
Selenium Accumulation  in Soils.   Conents

Frost, D.V.; Brattleboro, VT

Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Pap.,  110,  55;  1972

BEVIER; SELENIOB; SOILS; PLANTS;  ANIBALS;
ACCUBDLATION



230
Cyanide Degradation by an Bnzyie  froi
STEBPBYLIUH-LOTI

Fry, R.B.; Billar, R.L.

Arch Bioche* Biophys 151 (2).  1972  U68-U7U.

CYANIDE;  DEGRADATION;  ENZTBES
231
Response of Hicrobiota to the Presence of  Heavy
Beta Is in Soil

Fnjihara, a.P.; Garland, I.E.; Rildung, B.E.;
Drucker, R.

Anna. Beet Ai. Soc. Hicrobiol. 73,  32; 1973

BACTERIA; FURGI; CARBON DIOXIDE; EVOLUTION;
SILVER; HERCURY; THALLIUfl; CHROBIUB; COPPEB;
COBALT; TUNGSTEN; LEAD; SOILS; HEAVY METALS
227
Chroiatographic Transport  Through Soils.  Part 3.
A simulation Hodel for the Evaluation of  the
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient  in Undisturbed
Soils with Tritiated  later
Frissel, B.J.; Poelstra,  P.;  Reiniger,

Plant Soil, 33(1),  1970,  161-176
                                        P.
TRANSPORT; SOILS; HODEL;  DIFFUSION;  HATER;
TBITIATED RATEB; THITIOH
                                                     32

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                                                                                                    232-236
232
Residue of an Organoarsenic  Pesticide  for
Controlling Bice Sheath Blight  in  Bice Plants and
Soils in Treated Paddy Fields

Fujimoto, Y.; Kavahara, I.;  Rakamnra,  B.;  Agr.
Chem. Insp. Sta., Din. Agr.  and Forestry,  Tokyo,
Japan

Bull. Agr. Chem. Insp. Sta., 12. 71-75; 1972

BICE; PESTICIDES; SOILS; PLARTS; BICE  SHBATB
BLIGHT; OBGAROARSERIC; FONGICIDES;  FBRRIC
HETHAME; ABSERATB; ARSENIC

Organoarsenic fungicides such as ferric
methanearsotate are indispensable  for  controlling
rice sheath blight, one of the  major diseases of
cice plants in Japan.  The relationship between
the amount of organoacsenicals-applied and their
residues in rice grain, strait,  and  soil was
studied.  The residues of total, inorganic, and
organic As  (as As2O3) were determined  in polished
and unpolished rice grain, straw,  and  soil to
which ferric methanearsonate had been  applied at
rates of 5.2-16 g (as As203)/10 are in four
districts.  Total amount of  As  in  the  soil was
unexpectedly high in all districts  even in the
fields where no arsenic had  been applied (rates
of 13.5, 55.0, 20.0, and 57.50  pp»).   About
54-100% of total As was inorganic,  the organic As
percentage being very small.  In rice  grain
harvested in paddy fields where the soil
contained more than 20 ppm of organic  As,
unpolished rice grain contained 0.68-1.65  ppm
total As and 0.05-0.62 ppm organic  As.  Total As
of less than 1.0 ppm and organic As of less than
0.3 ppm were detected in unpolished rice grain
harvested in fields, where total As  was 60  ppm and
organic As very small.
233
Relation Between Cadmium Concentration  in  Orine
and Soil in Itai-Tai Disease  District

Fukuyama, T.; Kawabe, T.;  Isliimoto,  H. ; Kubota,
K.; Inst. Hyg. fled. Microbiol.,  Tokyo,  Japan

Igakn to Seibutsugaku (Igsbal)  1973,  86 (
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 237-242
237
Hydrologic Considerations in Sanitary Landfill
Design and Operation

Fungaroli, A.A.; Drexel Inst. Technol.,
Philadelphia, PA

Proceedings of National Industrial Solid Waste
Management  Conference, University of Houston,
Houston, TX  (p.208-217); 1972

SANITARY LANDFILLS; LEACHATE; SEEDING ; REFUSE;
LANDFILLS; WATER STORAGE; GROUND WATER; SOILS

Host sanitary landfills have the potential for
generating pollutant carrying lechate. Leachate
quantity depends on geographic Iccation, surface
drainage characteristics, and surface treatment,
such as seeding.  Whenever the net water
infiltration is posivive, leaching is inevitable.
Refuse field  capacity increases significantly
as refuse size decreases.  With increasing dry
density, the increase of refuse field capacity
will asymptotically  approach a maximum which is
size dependent.  Time of first leachate
appearance can be greatly shifted by adjusting
refuse and soil physical  parameters and
placement time. However, it is probable that
placement time is not really controllable to any
large degree.  Leachate production can be
attributed to one or all of the following
sources:  refuse compaction and placement,
channeling, an advanced wetting front, and the
main wetting front.   Finally, because of their
unique storage and behavior capabilities,
landfills are able to develop mounds of water
storage which locally raise the gronndwater
table.  This is particularly signifcant where the
hydraulic characteristics of the landfill system
are very different from the surrounding soils,
and where a local depression is filled.
 238
 Retention of Certain Radioactive Ions by the
 Suspensions of Surface Basins and by Certain
 Active Earths in Rumania

 Furnica,  G.;  Institute of Hygiene,  Bucharest,
 Romania

 COHF-690918- (Vol.  2),  From Conference on
 Radioecology.  Cadarache, France, (p. 181-200);
 1970

 ADSORPTION; CHELATES;  DEPOSITS;  BTDROLOGI;  ROCKS;
 SLURRIES;  SOILS; CESIOH  134;  IODINE 131; IBON 59;
 SILVER 110; SODIOfl  22;  STHOHTIOH 85; ZI»C 65;
 RIVERS; HOD;  PH; SILT

 A study was made of  the  retention,  by mud taken
 from the  river of Dimbovitza-Bucharest,  of  the
 isotopes  Ha 22, Sr  85,  Ag 110, Cs 134, Zn 55, Fe
 59, and I  131  dissolved  in the water.  These
 isotopes  are fixed  by the mud in different
 proportions,  i.e.,  15 percent Na, 45 percent Sr,
 37 percent I,  97 percent Zn,  95  percent  Fe,  or 98
 percent Cs.  By elntion  of the mad  retaining Na
 22, Sr  85, or  Ag 110, a  phenomenon  of ion
 exchange  between the radioactive ions and the
 natural product was  observed.  The  sand  fixes
 separately:  3.6 percent Na,  22  percent  Ag,  72
 percent Zn, 8.8 percent  I,  99 percent Cs,  93
 percent Sr, or 94 percent Fe.  Treatment of  the
sand with 5 percent  HN03 or  10 percent HC1  alters
 the radioactive Ion  retention capacity.   Similar
determinations were made with montmorillonitic
bentonites, the retention  observed  being greater
with respect to Cs and smaller with respect  to Na.
                                                           239
                                                           Decomposition of Organic Hercurial Compounds  by
                                                           Hercury-Hesistant Bacteria

                                                           Furukawa, K.; Suzuki, T.; Tonomura,  K.

                                                           Agr. Biol. Chem., 33, 128-130;  1969

                                                           DECOHPOSITION; BACTERIA; BERCURT; BERCORIALS;
                                                           ORGANCHERCORIALS
                                                           240
                                                           Study of the Sorption of Lead by Hydrous Ferric
                                                           Oxide

                                                           Gadde, R.R.; Laitinen, H.A.

                                                           Environ. Lett. (EVLTAX) , 5(4), 223-35;  1973

                                                           ADSORPTION; ANALYSIS; HEAVY HETALS; LEAD;
                                                           SEDIMENTS; SOILS; CLAY; DESORPTION; HANGANESB
                                                           HYDROXIDE; FERRIC HYDROXIDE

                                                           Clay fractions of soils which are known to
                                                           contain hydrous oxides of iron and nanganese show
                                                           strong absorption of heavy metals which are
                                                           desorbed under acid conditions causing
                                                           environmental problems.
241
Sorption of Lead by Hydrous Ferric Oxide

Gadde, R.R.; Laitinen, 8.A.; Sch. Chem. Sci.,
Oniv. Illinois, Drbana, 111.

Environ. Lett. (ENVLTAX), 5(4), 223035; 1973

LEAD; SOHPTION; HYDROOS IRON; OXIDES; SOILS;
FERRIC OXIDE; PH; SEDIMENTS; DRAINAGE; ACID BIHE
RONOFF; ADSORPTION; ANALYSIS; CLAY

Sorption of lead on synthetic hydrous ferric
oxide as a function of lead concentration and pH
is described.  The environmental consequences of
reversible lead sorption with pH are discussed.
Hydrous ferric oxide, whether in soils,
sediments, or acid mine runoffs can adsorb large
amounts of lead at a favorable pH and release it
guickly as the pH decreases.
242
Desorption of Arsenates from Soils by Water

Galba, J.j Vys. Sk. Polnohospod., Nitra, Czech.

Pol' Nohospodarstvo(POLNAJ)  1972, 18(11)  945-52;
1972

ARSENATE;  SOILS; DESOBPTION; WATER
                                                    34

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                                                                                                   243-250
2U3
irsenate Sorption in Soils.   3.Effect  of  Soil
Solution pH On the Intensity  of  Arsenate  Sorption

Galba, J.; Univ. Agric. , Hitca,  Czech.

Pol'Rohospodarstvo (POLNAJ)  18  (12)  1055-61; 1972

ARSENATE; SOHPTIOH; SOILS; PB; ARSENIC

The sorption of acsenates  by  soil  types ranging
fron illimerized brovn earth  to  calcareous  meadow
soil vas studied. The amount  of  arsenic sorbed
was less at higher pH and  the change in the
intensity of sorption vas  also related to the
nature of the colloidal fraction.
24V
Rate of Sorption of Arsenates by  Soil  in the
Presence of Various Concentrations of  Salts

Galba, J.; Vysoka skola pol*nohospodarska. Ultra,
Czechoslovakia

Pol'nohospodarstvo 18, 73U-7U1

SORPTION: ARSBNATB; SOILS;  ARSENIC;  SALTS;
SORPTION RATE

An increase in the concentration  of  salts
increased the amount of arsenate  sorbed in the
order Ca (NO3) 2 greater than KC1 greater than
(NH»)2SO» greater than NaNO3.  Scrption rate  vas
closely related to the CaO  + HgO:A12O3 t Fe203
ratio.
2U5
Migration and Leaching of Metals  from  Old  Nine
Tailings Deposits

Galbraith, J.H.; Williams, B.E.;  Siems, P.L.

Ground Rater, 10(3), 33-»
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251-254
 251
 Persistence,  Degradation  and  Bioactivity  of
 Phorate  and  Its  Oxldative Analogues in  Soil

 Getzin,  L.R.;  Shanks,  C.H., Jr.

 J. Econ.  Entomol.,  63(1), 52-58;  1970

 PERSISTENCE;  PHORATE;  THIN LATER  CHRONATOGRAPHY;
 GAS-LIQOID CHROHATOGRAPBT; INSECT BIOASSAT;
 INSECTS;  SULFUR  OXIDES; SULFONE;  SILTY  LOAM:
 CRICKET;  GAS  CHROMATOGRAPHT;  COLOHN
 CHROHATOGRAPHY;  DEGRADATION;  BIOASSAT

 The  persistence  of  phorate and  its five ozidative
 analogues in  soil vas  determined  with thin-layer
 chromatography,  gas-liquid chromatography and
 insect  bioassay. Phorate and its oxygen
 analogues were rapidly oxidized  to their
 respective sulfoxides  and sulfones.  Phorate and
 its  sulfoxide and sulfone persisted beyond 16
 weeks in  a silt  loam at 25 degrees C.  The
 thiolate analogues  degraded to  low levels, within
 2 to 8  days.   Phorate  was highly  toxic  to a
 cricket,  ACHETA  PENNSTLVANICOS  (Bnrmeister), in
 direct  soil  bioassay tests.   A  lack of  contact
 and  fumigant  toxicity  against crickets  suggested
 that phorate  snlfoxide and phorate sulfone were
 tightly  absorbed by soil  constituents.  The
 toxicity  of  soil treated  with phorate sulfoxide
 was  greater  several weeks after  application than
 it was immediately  following  treatement because
 small amounts of the sulfoxide  were converted to
 phorate.   The conversion  of phorate sulfoxide to
 phorate  in soil  was verified  with gas
 chromatography,  column chromatography and insect
 bioassay.   (17 references)
253
The Influence of some Soil Forming Factors  on  the
Content and Distribution of Trace Elements  in
Soil Profiles. Part  1. The Occurrence  of Copper
and Manganese in Soils with Regard to  the Relief

Glinski, J.

Ann Oniv Nariae Cnrie-Sklodowska Sect  S Agric  22
1968 21-35.

SPECTRAL EMISSION ANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTIONJ TRACE
ELEMENTS; OCCURRENCE; COPPER; MANGANESE; SOILS
25K
The Occurrence of Trace Elements, Copper,
Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Vanadium, Strontium,
and Barium, in the Soils and Hay in the Northern
Part of Region of the sieprz-Krzna Canal

Glinski, J.; Krnpinski, A.

Ann Oniv Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sect E Agric 21
1969 67-78.

HARSH; PEAT; OCCURRENCE; TBACB ELEMENTS; COPPER;
HANGANESE; COBALT; NICKEL; VANADIDH; STRONTIUM;
BAHIOH; SOILS; HAY
 252
 Fate of  a Mercuric-Hercuroas Chloride  Fungicide
 Added  to Turfgrass

 Gilmour, J.T.;  Miller,  M.S.; Dep.  Soil  Sci.,
 Oniv.  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Hi

 J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA)  1973,  2(1) 1H5-8;  1973

 GRASSES; MERCURY; FUNGICIDES;  VOLATILIZATION;
 SOILS; DISTRIBUTION;  UPTAKE; TOHFGBASS; ROOTS;
 HETALS;  BENTGRASS;  CALOCL08; REMOVAL

 Mercury  volatilization  is  the  dominant  factor  in
 mercury  loss from calo-clor applied to  turfgrass
 or soil. Hhen 0.3-1.2 g calo-clor/m2 was applied
 to creeping bentgrass (AGROSTIS  PALOSTRIS) in  the
 greenhouse, 14-56% of the  total  mercury was lost
 in 57 days. Plant uptake and removal upon catting
 did not account for these  losses,  which were
 attributed to volatilization of  metallic mercury
 formed in the tnrfgrass-soil system. where
 additions were made in the tnrfgrass root zone,
 loss was reduced, and the  redistribution of
 mercury in the soil followed a pattern which was
in qualitative agreement with metallic  mercury
 formation and redistribution. Data from
experiments carried out with bare  soil supported
the findings on mercury volatilization.
                                                    36

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                                                                                                   255-260
255
Mercury

Goldwater. L.J.; clarkson, T.R.

Part of Lee, D.H.K., Hetallic Contaminants  and
Human Health, Academic Press, Rev  York, Chapter  2
(p. 17-55), 2»1 p.;  1972

HERCOST; CINNABAR;  CIRCULATION;  LITHOSPHERE;
HYDROSPHERE: ATMOSPHERE;  RATIR;  BIOSPHERE;  SOILS;
PESTICIDES; MERCURIC CHLORIDE; BERCOROOS
CHLORIDES; FISH; SHELLFISH;  FUNGICIDES;
ALKTLHBBCOHT; AHYLHEBCORY; ALKOIIALKYLHEBCDBY;
PBBHYLHBBCUBT; MBTHYLHERCORY; SLIHICIDES; TUNA;
SKORDFISH; VAPOB; FOOD CHAINS; FIATHEBS; BIRDS;
METHYLAT ION; BBAIN;  EMZTBES; BLOOD BBAIN BABBIEB;
KIDNETS; EICBETIOM;  FECBS; INHALATION;
PHEDHOHITIS; SYHPTOHOLOGY; CONGENITAL  DEFECTS;
CEREBRAL PALSY; MENTAL RETARDATION;  DOSE/RESPONSE
RELATIONSHIP; FOODS; BLOOD;  BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE;
HICE; BATS; SEALS;  DONKEYS;  POULTRY; CBABS;  PIKE;
FLOOHDBB; EELS; DRINKING RATER;  BLOOD  LEVELS;
BLOOD PLASMA; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSOBES;  ANIBALS

Bercory is one of the least  abundant elements,
namely about 2.7E-6 percent  in the earth's  crust.
The only commercial ore is the snlfide,
cinnabar.  Usually  the concentration in natural
waters is less than 0.1 micrograms per liter but
occasionally values up to several  micrograms per
liter and infrequently higher values.  In the
lithosphece the range is 3 parts per billion to
10 parts per million.  In the atmosphere normal
values are 1 to 10  nanograms per cubic meter.
There is some circulation of natural •ercury,
with it evaporating into the atmosphere, being
washed oat with rain and flowing into  the ocean,
etc.  Han has affected this natural circulation,
in some ways and places seriously,   Mercury
compounds have been used as  slimicides in pulp
and paper plants, organic mercury  compounds have
been used as fungicides on seed  grain  and large
quantities of mercury and its compounds have been
lost and discharged to streams.  Some  mercury has
evaporated and more has been emitted into the
atiosphere as a result of burning  coal.  Rithin
the last 5 years, it has been found that some of
this mercury is methylated,  is concentrated in
little fish, and even more so in large predator
fish and in fish-eating birds, to  the  point that
there is a hazard to man, which  has resulted in
serious pathological effects in  Hinamata, Japan..
Almost all the methyl mercury is absorbed in both
fish and man and has a long  biological half life
in both, so that with a small steady intake, the
level builds up.  Graphs of  build  up and
excretion are given.  Severe cases of  organic
mercury poisoning have resulted  from eating seed
grain treated by mercury fungicides or from
eating pork fed on  such grain.   The predominant
feature is permanant organic injury to the  brain
resulting in weakness, paralysis,  loss of vision
and disturbed cerebral function.   Severe cases
become comatose and end fatally.   In flinimata,
Japan, the problems arose from eating  mercury
contaminated fish and shellfish, apparently  over
several years.  In  both the  above  cases females
without obvious symptoms gave birth to infants
with congenital defects such as cerebral palsy,
mental retardation, etc. Goldberg  points out that
various factors have complicated dose-response
relationship and that minimal response has  often
been found with exposures greatly  in excess of
the accepted threshold value.  Re  points out that
the nature of the compound has a considerable
effect on the absorption metabolism, excretion,
and ability to pass barriers within the body.  He
says plasma concentrations of mercury  are more
significant than whole blood values.
256
Contamination of Underground Rater by Raste Dumps
and Implications for Methods of Besidue Removal.

Golwer, A.; Batthess, G.; Schneider, R.

Trib. CBBBDEAU  (Cent. Beige. Etude Doc. Eaux
Air), 25(3H7),  
-------
 261-264
 261
 Circulation of Elements Between Vegetation and
 Soil in Pine Forests and in Larch Forests in the
 Karelian Isthmus

 Govorenko,  B.F.

 Sb. Tr., Tsent.  Buz. Pochvoved. (STPDA9)  5,
 103-130; 1972

 TRACE ELEBENTS;  NUTRIENTS;  PIHES ; LABCH;  FORESTS;
 SOILS;  CYCLING:  LITTEB
 262
 Solutions to Problems of Soil Pollution by
 Agricultural Chemicals.

 Graham-Bryce, I.J.;  Rothamsted Exp.  Sta.,
 Rarpenden, Herts.,  England

 Part of Barrekette,  E.S. (Ed.), Pollution:
 Engineering and Scientific Solutions,  Plena*
 Press,  Sew York-London (p.  133-117);  1973

 SOILS;  AGBICDLTORAL  CHEHICALS; HERBICIDES;
 ORGANOCHLORINES;  BET4LS; FERTILIZERS;
 DEGRADATION; SOILS;  DECONTAMINATION;  ADSORBENTS

 The problem of soil  pollution by agricultural
 chemicals primarily  involves  persistent chemicals
 like the ocganochlorines and  heavy metals,  but
 soie herbicides and  fertilizers can  also
 contribute.  In general, chemicals are lore
 readily evaporated  and photochemically degraded
 when they are on  the soil surface than when
 incorporated into the soil.   Cultivation as a
 •eans of decontamination should be liiited  to
 soils with incorporated  chemical. Addition  of
 adsorbents such as activated  carbon  lay have soie
 occasional usefulness when large quantities of
 herbicide are reguired for  non-recurrent control
 of a resistant weed.  Increasing general
 •icrobial activity by the addition of  sugars or
 various composts  or  by raising the temperature or
 •aintaining a moist  condition is one of the best
 ways to accelerate biological degradation.
 Replacement of persistent chemicals  by
 alternative methods  of pest control  or by less
 persistent,  more  specific chemicals  is frequently
 a  better approach than employing the above
 mentioned methods for decontamination  of the
 soil.   Care must  be  exercised,  however,  in  the
 introduction of biological controls as well.
 Bore efficient  use of pesticides can be
 accomplished by application only to the target
 site, use of granular rather  than emulsion
 formulations,  microencapsulation,  and
 exploitation of insect behavior.   (45  references)
for analyses were taken from 1 different depths
and in nine cases—from 2 depths.  The first 7
soil profiles have been made in the direction of
prevailing winds.  The nearest soil profile was
set up at the distance of about 200 meters, the
farthest—at the distance of 7.5 kilometers from
the factory fencing.  It has been stated that the
highest zinc, lead and cadmium concentration
occurs in upper soil layer  (0-10 centimeter) .  At
the depth of 11-20 centimeters much less amounts
of the above elements have been observed.  Bith
the depth increase a decrease of amount of the
elements investigated occurs.  At the depth of
100 centimeters the amount' of these elements
investigated occurs.  At the depth of 100
centimeters the amount of these elements
approximates that in non-contaminated soils.  In
the zone where total plant cover destruction took
place (to about 600-800 meters from the factory
was distinctly less than that in the soil
profiles at the distance of 200 or 600 meters
from the factory.  In both latter points the
amounts of the determined elements approximated
each other.  With distance increase (over 600
meters)  their content distinct decrease.  It has
been stated that the pollutants falling down upon
the soil (particularly those of zinc, lead and
cadmium)  do not migrate into deeper soil profile
layers,  what gives evidence of their little
mobility.  The reaction of the soils investigated
approximated the neutral one, at which pH of the
surface soil layers (particularly at nearer
distances from the factory)  was higher than that
of the deeper layers.   It shows that the soil was
alkalized by dustfall and that the influence of
acid contaminants (e.g., sulfur dioxide)  was less
than it has been supposed.  The plant cover
destruction in the vicinity of zinc metallurgy
factories is connected mainly with the presence
of excessive zinc and lead amount, at
simultaneous occurrence of the other trace
elements, such as copper or cadmium, and not of
sulphur compounds emission.   This is corroborated
also by the fact that in the vicinity of big
power stations, where the amounts of the emitted
sulphur compounds are even more higher,  plants
are growing.
26
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                                                                                                  265-272
265
The Adsorption of Hn, Co a ad Zn by Geothite  Fro»
Dilate Solutions

Grine, R.

Z. Pflernahr. Bodenk., 121, 58-65; 1968

HANGANESE; COBALT; ZINC;  COPPER; IRON; TRACE
ELEMENTS; iDSOBPTIOH; HABHATITB; AHORPBOOS;
FERRIC OXIDE; PB; HYDROXIDES; GOETHITB; ION
EXCHANGE; PROTONS

On shaking synthetic goethite vitb trace-element
containing KIIO 3 solution, adsorption  of the
cations at a given pH increased in the order  (pH
values at which adsorption started are given in
brackets) : manganese (pH 5) less than  cobalt  (pB
U.6)  less than zinc  (pH 4) less than copper  (pR
3) ; thus, at pB 5, adsorption of manganese vas
2.5%, cobalt vas 7*, zinc vas 13*, and copper vas
78*.   There was a close linear relationship
between the pB value at which a given  aiount of
cation was adsorbed and the negative logarithm of
the solubility products of the respective
hydroxides.  In contrast to ion exchange by other
clay minerals, exchange by goethite occurred
between protons of the positively charged inner
part of the electric doable layer and  metal
cations in the solution; one proton exchanged for
about one divalent cation.  It is suggested that
trace elements are concentrated in Pe-oxides of
soils by first becoming adsorbed on the surface
and then being occluded and irreversibly fixed
when the oxide particle grows.  Baematite and
amorphous Pe-oxide behaved  essentially in the
saie way as goethite.
266
Hydrocarbons in Buian Environment.  Part 9.
Content of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Iceland  Soil

Grimmer, G.; Jacob, J.; Bildebrandt, A.

Z. Krebsforsch Klin Onkol, 78(1), 65-72; 1972

PLANTS; SOILS; HYDROCARBONS; ROMANS; POLTCICLIC
HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBONS
267
Effect of (lain Soil Properties on Zinc Chemical
Status

Gromova, E.A.; DSSR

Agrokhiiiya(AGKTAO) 1973,  (1) 1*7-53; 1973

REVIER; ZINC; SOILS; CHELATES; FERTILIZERS
269
Extraction of 3 Amino-1, 2, 4 Triazole (Aiitrole)
and 2, 6-Dichloro-U-nitro Aniline from Soils

Groves, K. ; Chough, K.S.; Agricultural Chemistry
Department, Washington state University,  Pullman,
Ra

J. Agric. Food. Chem., 19(5), 1971,  840-841

DCNA; SOILS; ARITROLE; TRIAZOLE; HEXANE

The recoveries of aiitorle from non-sterile soil
1 and 17 days after application were 36.7 and
3.2* and 96.6 and 15.2* with water and a
NBUOH-glycol (5*20) mixture, respectively.
Corresponding figures for sterile soil were 09.6
and 36.9* and 97.3 and 67.7*. A in
BCL-acetone-glycol (1 plus 1 plus 8)  ilxutre was
much better than hexane for the extraction of
DCNA from soils.
270
Bicrobial Degradation of Organic Pollutants of
Industrial Origin

Gunner, R.B.

O.S. Gov Res Develop Rep, 71(3), 1971, 40-41
PB-195 982

DIAZINON; INSECTICIDES; INDDSTRT; DEGRADATION
271
Influence of Various Organic Raterials on the
Recovery of Holybdenum and Copper Added to a
Sandy Clay Loai Soil

Gupta, D.C.

Plant Soil, 34(1), 1971, 249-253

PEAT; FARHTARD HANORE; HANORE; SOILS; CLAT; SAND;
HOLYBDENOH; COPPER; SANDT CLAT; LOAH
272
The Relationship of Soil  Properties to
Exchangeable and Rater-Soluble Copper and
Holybdenum Status in Podzol Soils in Eastern
Canada

Gupta, O.C.; Hackay, D.C.

Soil Sci. Soc.  Aier. Proc., 30, 373-375; 1966

SOILS; HATER; COPPER; HOLTBDEROH; PODZOL
268
Geologic Aspects of Raste Solids and Marine  Raste
Deposits, New-York Hetropolitan Region

Gross, H.G.

Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83(11), 3163-3176; 1972

CARBON; COPPER; SILVER; LEAD; GEOLOGY; HARINE
DISPOSAL; SOLID RASTES; INDUSTRIAL BASTES
                                                   39

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273-278
 Detailed  characterization  of  Soil  and  Vegetation
 on  selected  Sites to  Serve as Basis  for  Future
 Evaluation of  Effect  of  Radioactive  Contamination

 Haqhiri.  F.; Ohio Agricultural Research  and
 Development  Center, Booster

 Technical Progress  Report, March  1,
 1969—November 26,  1969, 73 p.;  1969

 AGRICULTURE; SOILS; STROHTIOH 90;  CHOPS;
 PESTICIDES;  TRANSPORT; CALCIUM OIIDES; LIME;
 HERBICIDES;  ABSORPTION;  LEACHING;  METABOLISM;
 PLANTS;  HATER; RETENTION

 The movement of Sr  90 in the  soil  profile  and the
 removal  of Sr  90 by runoff, leachate,  and  plants
 uptake as influenced  by  soil  and  crop  management
 practices are  presented.   Over a 7 yyear period,
 the net  rate of Sr  90 loss from 0  to » inch depth
 by  various processes  was maximum  under gravel
 mulch and minimum under  permanent  grass cropping
 systems.  The  distribution of Sr  90  in the top  12
 inches of soil profile was influenced  by cropping
 system and liming.  The  concentration  of Sr 90  at
 3 to 12  inch depth  under gravel mulch  was
 approximately  10 times higher than permanent
 grass system.   The  application of  high rates of
 lime reduced the downward  movement of  Sr 90.  The
 percent  of the initial application of  Sr 90
 removed  by runoff decreased while  its  loss by
 leachate increased  during  the 7 year period.  The
 distribution of Sr  90 in various  part  of the
 winter wheat plant  during  1968 to  1969 was 65%  in
 straw, 27* in  chaff,  and 8» in grain.  The
 distribution of Sr  90 in corn fodder was 99K
 while in shelled corn it was  1X of the total Sr
 90  taken up  by the  corn  plant.  The  total  percent
 Sr  90 removed  by runoff, leachate, and plant
 uptake after a 7 year period  was  16,<107, 13,655,
 12,<»81,  10,828, and 9,231  for gravel mulch,
 rotation a  (low lime), continuous  corn,  rotation
 b (high  lime), and  permanent  grass respectively.
 The effects  of various rates  of fenac, benzac,
 trifluralin, CIPC,  Pyramin, and diguat herbicides
 on  the absorption of  Sr  90 by soil were studied.
 Among these  herbicides,  diquat was tha most
 effect in releasing from scil or  reducing  the
 adsorption of  Sr 90 by soil.  Its  effect was more
 pronounced under low  than  high pH  soil.  High
 rates of lime  had a depressing effect  on the
 removal  of Sr  90-Y  90 by leaching  with water in
 the presence of paraquat herbicide.  Paraquat
 appears  to be  most  effective  in replacing
 strontium ion  in acid soils with  low clay  and low
 organic  matter contents.   The two  soils  (Dunbar
 and Lynchburg) , furnished  by  the DSDA, were
 treated  with Sr*» and the  retention  of Sr»+ was
 compared  to  other soils.   The carves for the
 adsorption and displacement of Sr  90 was similar
 to  the soils used in  previous experiments  and
 reported  in  earlier reports.   Th«
 non-displaceable Sr was  approximately  30*  of the
 total adsorbed. Soil samples were analyzed for
 boron content  after the  samples were methylated
 at  various rates of BF3-HeOH.  The boron content
 of  the samples increased with increasing rates  of
 BF3.  Therefore, methylation of soil  organic
 matter with  the BF3 method is of a limited value
 in  soil's work, it would  be  of value  in soil
 organic  matter fractions that contain  compounds
 that  are  not reactive with BF3,  for  example fatty
 acids.  The sample  of runoff  water from
 micro-plots was electrodialyzed and  Sr 90  was
 detected  in  the anode chamber.  The  sample Is
 being fractionated  for IR  and gas chromatographic
 analyses. The  distribution of Sr 90  from soybean
and corn tissue  in  soil columns was determined.
The least  movement  was in the muck soil coluin
and the most  movement in the Rooster soil coluin.
There were no conclusive differences between the
tissues.   (Auth)
271
Significance of  pR  and Chloride Concentration on
Behavior of Heavy  Hetal Pollutants:  flercury
(II), Cadmium  (II),  Zinc(II), and Lead(II)

Bahne, H.C.R.; Kroontje,  R.

J. Environ. Quality,  2, UUU-U50; 1973

PH; CHLORIDES; MERCURY; CADHIOM; ZINC; LEAD;
HEATI METALS
275
The Simultaneous Effect of pB and Chloride
Concentrations Upon  Mercury 2 as a Pollutant

Hahne, H.C.B.; Kroontje,  R.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc,  37(6),  838-813;  1973

ACID BINE DRAINAGE;  RIVERS; SEA;  (TATER;  SOILS;
CLAI; HINERALS; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT;  CHLORIDES;
PH; MERCUHT
276
Some Chemical Principles  of  Grottndwater Pollution

Hall, E.S.

Ground Rater Pollution Conf.,  105-121

ADSORPTION; BIOCONVERSI08; DECOMPOSITION;
DEGRADATION; FERROUS  METALS;  HEAVY  METALS;
OXIDATION; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATES;  SOILS;
UNDERGROUND  AQUIFERS; HATER;  AQUIFERS;
GROUNDRATER

Oxidation-reduction reactions  for nitrogen
compounds and iron sulphide, adsorption of
organics metals and salts during the  movement  of
a pollution front through an  aguifer  rock are
discussed.
277
Electrophoresis Patterns of  Needle  Enzymes  in
Long leaf and Sonderegger Pines

Hamaker, J.H.; Synder, E.B.;

O.S. for Serv. Bes. Note SO,  151, 1-8;  1973

ELECTROPHORBSIS; NEEDLE ENZYMES; SONDEBEGGEB
PINE; PINES; TREES; ISOZYHES; LOHGLBAF  PINE
278
Adsorption

Hamaker, J.R.; Thomposon, J.H.

Part of Goring, C.A.;  Hamaker, J.R.  (Eds.),
Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment.  Vol.
1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New  York,  NY,  (p.  U9-1»3)
1UO p.; 1972

ADSORPTION; SOILS
                                                    40

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                                                                                                  279-281
279
Hydrogeological Problems in the Btninq of
Onbalanced Reserves of Deposits of Son ferrous
Betal Ores by Biological Leaching

Hanzlik, J.; Horn. Ostav. Cesk. Akad.  Ved,
Prague, Czech.

icta Mont.  (ACHTCX) , Mo. 21, 5-23; 1972

RETIER; COPPER; LEACHING; HYDROGEOLOGY: MINING;
IORFERRODS ORBS; ORB
280
Agricultural Research I•pact on  Environment

Hargrove, T.R.

Iowa Agric. Home Bcon. Ezp. Stn. Spec. Rep.  69,
7-80; 1972

SOILS; EROSION; PESTICIDES; NUTRIENTS;
ENRICHMENT; LIVESTOCK; RASTES; AGRICULTURE
281
Mercury Investigations 1966-1970.
Fish, iater and Sediment
Hercary in
Hasselrot, T.B.; The National Swedish  Environment
Protection Board, Research Laboratory,  Drothning
KRISTINAS Tag 47, 111-28 Stockholm,  Sveden

SNV PII-239 OLV  (parts 1 and  2),  781  p.;  1972,
October 1

BEHCOBI; SEDIMENTS; LAKES; RITBRS; RATER; PISH;
PIKE; BLACK-LISTED AREAS; SAMPLING;  NEUTRON
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; ATOMIC  ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOHETRY; METHYLHERC08Y; INTAKE; CA6BD
FISH EXPOSURE;  SALHON FRT; RAIMB08 TRODT;
FRESHWATER; SEA RATER; BLOOD; HEHATOCRITB VALOE;
MUSCLES; LITER; SAMPLE HOMOGENIZATIOH;  PH;
DISSOLTED OXYGEN; CONDOCTITITY;  SALINITY: RATES
HARDNESS; HEAVY METALS; COLOR; CONCENTRATION;
PULP MILLS; PAPER HILLS; RASTEBATER; CHLOH-ALKALI
PLANTS; MINES;  ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT;
PHENOXYETHYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE; PBENYLMERCDRIC
ACETATE; CORN;  SEED DRESSING STATIONS;  BERCDRY
DISCHARGES; DREDGING SPOILS; SERAGE

The mercury contained in the top 3 ci  of bottoi
sediments in 51 Swedish black-listed areas was
for 47 percent  less than 500 nanograis  per grai;
for 3.9 percent 10-50,000 manograms  per  gra» and
for 2.0 percent greater than 50,000  nanograis per
gram.  Sediments fro* non-contaiinated  areas gave
•uch lower values:  23 nanograis per grai,
•onntain areas  in north; 95  nanograis  per grai,
remaining north; 157 nanograis per grai, central
part; 159 nanograis per grai, south; 43  nanograis
per grai, Baltic lean; 115 nanograis per grai.
northern west sea coast; Stockholm archipelago;
1440 nanograis per grai, inner part, 203
nanograis per grai, outer part.  Other
concentration of mercury are given:  30-81
nanograis per grai for cultivated soil; 60
nanograis pergrai, mean value of earth's crust;
10 nanograis per grai, Swedish bed rocks.
Usually there was an obvious relationship to tb«
high values found; palp and papers lills, other
cellulose industry, chlor-alkali plants, certain
lining industries (3IX), electrical apparatus
(rectifiers)  and cheiical plants manufacturing
seed dressings, sliiicides, vinyl chloride
(mercury catalyst) , and other products  (refined
mercury, phosphate fertilizer, etc.)  Stations
for dressing seeds had small unimportant losses.
Although there was a very large variation in the
•ercnry concentration in the surface sediments in
the 51 areas, there was no correlation between
the values and the mercury content of fish caught
in these areas (correlation coefficient-0.08).
Likewise, there was no correlation between the
•ercury content of the sediments and organic
•atter, pH, hardness, iron content, etc.  Usually
the mercury content of the surface sediments was
apprecially hgiher than that of deeper sediments;
from 1-1.5 meters beneath the bottom surface and
lower, values of tens of nanograis per grai were
found.  There were however, exceptions due to the
mobility of the sediments.  The mercury content
of water was measured less often.  Rater samples
give instantaneous values and therefore, are not
representative of a good average value. Even
after centrifugation, auch of the mercury is
attached to particles (and therefore cannot be
concentrated in fish) .  Usually, the mercury
content of water was very ion (0.05-0 5 nanograis
per gram) and near the limit of analysis,  Sose
high values were found in water, eg. belo,: a
chlor-alkali plant (34.3 nanograis per graas;,
waste water effluents from Oppala and Gothenburg
(7-15 nanograis per grai)  (85 kilogram mercury
per year from Gothenburg) .  Sewage treatment
plants retained about 75 percent of the incoming
mercury.  Sampling and analytical procedures are
given in detail, and experiments on mercury
concentration in fish fry (mostly salmon) were
carried  out.
                                                     41

-------
282-285
 282
 Ingested Soil as
 Grazing Animals
a Source of Microelements for
 Hasselrot, T.B.;  New Zealand  Department of
 Scientific and Industrial  Research, Soil Bureau,
 F.B., Lower  Hutt, New Zealand; New Zealand
 Departnent of Scientific and  Industrial Research,
 Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.B., Lower Hutt,
 New  Zealand: Massey University,  Dairy  Husbandry
 Department,  PalmerstonNorth,  New  Zealand

 New  Zealand  Journal of  Agricultural Res., 13(3),
 503-521;  1970

 SOILS;  ADSORPTION; COBALT  60;  MANGANESE 51;
 SELENION  75; ZINC 65; BLOOD;  OHINE; FECES;
 ANIMALS;  TISSUE;  ABSORPTION

 The  mercury  contained in the  top  3 c»  of bottom
 sediments in 51  Swedish black-listed areas was
 for  t7  percent less than 500  nanograms per gram;
 for  3.9 percent  10-50,000  nanograms per gram and
 for  2.0 percent  greater than  50,000 nanograms per
 gram.   Sediments  from non-contaminated areas gave
 much lower values:  23  nanograms  per gram,
 mountain  areas in north; 95 nanograms  per gram,
 remaining north;  157 nanograms pec gram, central
 part;  159 nanograms per gram,  south; 13 nanograms
 per  gran, Baltic  mean;  115 nanograms per gram,
 northern  west sea coast; Stockholm archipelago;
 11HO nanograms per gram, inner part, 203
 nanograms per gram, outer  part.  Other
 concentrations of mercury  are  given:   30-81
 nanograms per gram for  cultivated soil; 60
 nanograms per gram, mean value of earth's crust;
 10 nanograms per  gram,  Swedish bed rocks.
 Usually there was an obvious  relationship to the
 high values  found:  pulp and  paper mills, other
 cellulose industry, chlor-alkali  plants, certain
 mining  industries (31%), electrical apparatus
 (rectifiers) and  chemical  plants  manufacturing
 seed dressings,  slimicides, vinyl chloride
 (mercury catalyst), and other  products (refined
 mercury,  phosphate fertilizer, etc.) .  Stations
 for  dressing seeds had  small  nniiportant losses.
 Although there was a very  large  variation in the
 mercury concentration in the surface sediments in
 the  51  areas, there was no correlation between
 the  values and the mercury content of  fish caught
 in these areas (correlation coefficient-0.08).
 Likewise, there  was no correlation beteeen the
 mercury content of the  sediments  and organic
 matter, pH, hardness, iron content, etc.  Usually
 the  mercury content of the surface sediments was
 appreciably higher than that of  deeper sediments:
 from 1-1.5 meters beneath  the  bottom surface and
 lower,  values of  tens of nanograms per gram were
 found.  There were, however, exceptions due to
 the  mobility of the sediments.  The mercury
 content of water  was measured less often.  Rater
 samples give instantaneous values and  therefore,
 are  not representative of  a good  average value.
 Even after centrifugation, much of the mercury is
 attached to particles (and therefore cannot be
 concentrated in fish).  Usually,  the mercury
 content of water was very  low  (0.05-0.5 nanograms
 per  gram) and near the limit of analysis.  Some
 high values were found in  water,  e.g., below a
chlor-alkali plant (3U. 3 nanograms per grams),
 waste water effluents from Oppala and Gothenburg
 (7-15 nanograms per gram)   (85 kilogram mercury
 per  year from Gothenburg).   Sewage treatment
 plants retained about 75 percent  of the incoming
mercury.  Sampling and analytical procedures are
 given in detail,  and experiments  on mercury
concentration in fish fry  (mostly salmon) were
carried out.
283
Arsenic Fixation by Soils

Hebert, J.;  floischot, P.

C.H. 225, 1179-1181; 19U7

ARSENATE; CLAY; DRAINAGE HATER; WATER; LEAD;
CALCIOM; SOILS

Soluble arsenates in concentrations below  10
•g/litre of  As203 were rapidly fixed by clay, but
with higher  concentrations only 1/U was fixed
rapidly and  the remainder quite slowly, so that
heavy applications may pass to the drainage
water.  This risk applies also to the less
soluble arsenates (Pb, Ca) , when applied to soil
with insufficient clay, especially if the soil is
acid or decalcified.
                                         281
                                         Hicrobial Transformations of Arsenate and Arsenite

                                         Heimbrook,  N.E.; Morrison, S.M.

                                         Abstr. Annu.  Meet Am. Soc. Microbial. 73, »8;  1973

                                         HIC80BIOLOGT; TRANSFORHATION;  ARSENIC; ABSENATE;
                                         ARSENITE
                                         285
                                         Accelerating the Decomposition of the Active
                                         Principles of Plant Protectants in the Soil

                                         Heinisch,  E.; Beifenstein, H.; Dinkier, R.; Inst.
                                         Pflanzenschutzforsch. Kleinmachnow, Akad.
                                         Landvirtschaftswiss-, Klein Nachnow, E. Ger.

                                         Arch. Pflanzenschutz(AVPZAR)  1972, 8 (U) 313-21;
                                         1972

                                         CHLORATE;  HERBICIDES; SOILS;  SULFITE; SPENT
                                         LIflOIOH;  AGRICULTURE; NITRITE; INDUSTRY;
                                         DECOMPOSITION; DISSIPATION; REDUCTION; LINDANE;
                                         TRIAZINE;  SODIUM CHLOBATE; SOILS; LOAM;
                                         PERSISTENCE; PH; DECONTAMINATION; REMOVAL

                                         Methods for accelerating the dissipation of
                                         pesticide  residues from the soil generally entail
                                         assisting  natural degradation and removal
                                         processes. Intensive cultivation and irrigation
                                         of a truck gardening field permitted the removal
                                         of the large guantities of lindane (3-1 times the
                                         recommended annual application rate)  required for
                                         cultivating two crops a year. Calcium polysulfide
                                         has been suggested as a soil additive to promote
                                         chemical decomposition of triazine herbicides.
                                         Sodium chlorate residues have persisted at toxic
                                         levels for up to six weeks after application in
                                         loam soils. Since chlorate ion is a strong
                                         oxidizing  agent in acid solution, application of
                                         a sulfite  waste liquor to soil was studied for
                                         neutralization of chlorate residues. In vitro
                                         tests revealed that the chlorate-chloride
                                         reduction  is highly pH-dependent and generally
                                         does not proceed to completion. The sulfite in
                                         the solution  (as well as sodium nitrite, which
                                         could also be considered as a soil decontaminant
                                         because of its availability in large guantities
                                         at a low price) is broken dovn at a low pR,
                                         losing effectiveness. Field experiments generally
                                         confirmed  the poor laboratory results with this
                                         decontamination method although these experiments
                                         have have  not been completed.
                                                    42

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                                                                                                   286-295
286
Ion-Exchange Kinetics

Helfferich, p.; shell Development Coipany,
Emeryville, CA

Part of Harinsky. J.A.  (Ed.),  Ion Exchange,
Volume 1,  Dept. of  Chemistry,  State  University
of Mew York at Buffalo,  Buffalo,  HI,  (p.  65-100),
424 p.; 1966

ION EXCHANGE;  KINETICS;  THERMODYNAMICS; IOHIC
THEORY
287
Part 1.  Persistence of Chlorthiamid  In  Soil.
Part 2.  Influence of Chlorthiamid  and
Dichlobenil on Carbon Dioxide Liberation,
Ammonification and nitrification  in Soil

Helveg, A.

Tidsskr. Planteavl., 76(2),  145-155;  1972

PERSISTENCE; CHLOHTHIAMID; DICHLOBBNIL;  CUBBON
DIOXIDE LIBERATION; AHHONIFICATION;
NITRIFICATION; HERBICIDES; PHYTOTOXICITT;  SOILS
288
Chlorfenvinphos. Persistence  and Influence  on
Nitrogen Metabolism in Soil

Helveg, A.; Statens Planteavls-Laboratorium,
Lyngby, Denmark

Tidsskr. Planteavl (TPLAAV) 1972, 76(4)  519-27;
1972

CHLORFENVINPHOS; INSECTICIDES;  PERSISTENCE;
SOILS; AMMONIFICATION: NITRIFICATION;  HETABOLISH;
SOIL flOISTORE

Technical chlorfenvionphos and  pure  alpha—  and
beta- isomers were incubated  vith  sterile and
non-sterile soil at 25 degrees  c and  15% soil
•oisture. Chlorfenvionphos vas  much  more
persistent in sterile soil than in non-sterile
soil and the beta-isomer  vas  sore  persistent than
the alpha-isomer (20% and 40% of the  alpha- and
beta-isomers, respectively, regained  from 100 ppm
technical chlorfenviophos after incubation  for
170 days). Ammonification vas not  significantly
reduced by 1000 ppn chlorfenvinphos.
Nitrification vas almost completely  inhibited by
1000 ppm chlorfenvinphos but  vas not  affected by
10 or 100 ppm.
290
Chemistry and Occurrence of Cadmium and Zinc in
Hater and Gronndvater

Bei, J.D.

Rater Resources Research 8(3),  661-679; 1972

OCCURRENCE; CADMIOH; ZINC; WATER; GROUND RATER
291
Copper Content in Grass and Soil Under Copper
High-Tens!on Lines

Hemkes, O.J.; Rartmans, J.; Inst. Biol. Scheikd.
Onderz. Landbonvgevassen, Rageningen, Neth.

Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. (TIDIAI) 1973, 98(9) 446-9;
1973

COPPER; GRASSES; PORER LINES; SOILS
292
Roadside Lead Contamination in the Hissouri Lead
Belt

Hemphill, D.D.; Harienfeld, C.J.; Reddy, R.S.;
Pierce, J.o.

Arch. Environ. Health, 28(4), 190-194; 1974

VEGETATION; SOILS; ROMANS; ANIMALS; HIKES; DILLS;
SHELTERS; LEAD BELT; LEAD; ROADSIDE
293
Adsorption of Copper from Very Dilute Solutions
by  Pare Clay Minerals

Heydemann, A.

Geochlm. Cosiochii. Acta., 15, 305-329; 1959

COPPER; ADSORPTION; CLAY; CLAY MINERALS
294
A Soil Zinc Survey in California

Hibbard, P.L.

Soil Sci. 49: 63-72;  1940

SOILS; ZISC
289
Chemical Behavior of Mercury in Aqueous Media

Hen, J.D.

Part of Mercury in the Environment Geol. Surv.
Prof. Paper 713, U.S. Govt. Printing Office,
Rash. D.C., p.  19-24; 1970

MERCURY; AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS; AQUEOOS MEDIA
295
Lead Fixation by Soil Hniic Acids

Bildebrand, E.E.; Blun, I.E.; Inst. Bodenkd.
Haslenaehrungsl., Dniv. Freiburg, Freiburg/Br.,
Germany

Naturvissenschaften (NATHAY) , 61(3), 128-9; 1974

LEAD FIXATION;  HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS;  HOMOS; LEAD;
FIXATION
                                                    43

-------
296-304
 296
 Distribution of  Arsenic in  Soil  Profiles After
 Repeated  Applications of  Honosodiim
 Bethanearsonate

 Hi Itbold,  A.E.;  Rajek, B.F.;  Buchanan, G.A.

 Seed  Sci.,  22(3),  272-275;  1974

 HERBICIDES; HOVEBENT; LEACHING;  DISTRIBUTION;
 ARSENIC;  BOHOSODIUH  HETHANBARSONATE
299
Effect of Adjuvants on the Uptake of  Benomyl  from
Planting Bedia by American Elm-D Seedlings

Rock, i.K.; Schreiber, L.R.

Plant Dis Hep 55  (11). 1971  971-974

ADJUVANTS; DPTAKE; BEHOBYL;  FONGI; ELB;
SEEDLINGS; ACCOBOLATION; SOUS; PEAT; PERLITE;
SAND
 297
 Fate  of  zinc  Phosphide and Phosphine in the
 Soil-Water Environment

 Hilton,  H.R.;  Robinson, W.B.;  Exp. Stn., Hawaii.
 Sugar Plant,  Assoc.,  Honolulu, Hawaii

 J. Agr.  Food  Chem. (JAFCAU) 1972, 20(6) 1209-13;
 1972

 ZINC  PHOSPHIDE;  SOILS; HATER;  PBOSPHINE;
 HYDROLYSIS; RODENTICIDE;  DECOBPOSITIOH; FOOD
 CHAIRS;  PESTICIDES;  FATE; PHOSPHINE; CHOPS;
 PLANTS;  ZINC;  ECOSYSTEBS

 Factors  affecting  the changes  of phosphide,
 contained in  a rodenticide,  to phosphine and then
 to phosphate  are examined.
 298
 Chelating  Ability of Soil Organic  Batter

 Himes, F.L.; Barber, S.A.; Purdue  University,
 Agriculture Experimental Station,  Lafayette,
 Indiana

 Soil Science Society of American Proceedings, 21,
 368-373; 1957

 CHELATION; ZINC; SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER;
 ADSORPTION; PH; IONIC STRENGTH; REHOVAL; SANDY
 LOAB; LOAB

 It was discovered that organic latter reacted
 with divalent metal ions in a manner similar to
 chelation reactions.  Radioactive  zinc was used
 to facilitate the adsorption measurements.
 Multiple regression was used to develop a
 prediction equation to determine the amount of
 zinc adsorbed as inflnencd by zinc added, pH, and
 ionic strength of the solution.  Removal of
 organic matter by oxidation with hydrogen
 peroxide destroyed the ability of  the soil to
 chelate zinc.  Removal of hydrous  silicates did
 not inflnencd the retention of zinc by the soil.
 The organic matter was fractionated into the
 humic and fulvic fractions.  Both  fractions
 reacted with zinc in a manner similar to the
 untreated soil.  Bethylation of the organic
 matter was used to determine the functional
 groups involved in the chelatton reaction.
Carboxyl groups did not appear to  be important.
The stability constant for the zinc soil complex
was investigated by two independent methods.  For
a Hanmee sandy loam soil at pB 7 and 2N KC1 it
was found to be S.6.
300
Chemistry of Trace Elements in Soils with
Reference to Trace Element in Concentration  in
Plants

Hodgson, J.F.

Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Trace Substances in
Environmental Health - 3rd Annual Conference,
June 21-26, 1969, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Columbia, BO,  (p. U5-58) 391 p.; 1970

TRACE ELEBENTS; SOILS; PLANTS; CYCLING; CHEBISTRY
301
Chemistry of the Bicronutrient Elements in Soils

Hodgson, J.F.

Adv. in Agronomy 15: 119-159; 1963

BICRONOTHIENTS; SOILS; CHEHISTHY
302
Bicronutrient Cation Complexes in Soil Solution:
Partition Between Complexed and Uncomplexed Forms
by Solvent Extraction

Hodgson, J.F.; Geering, H.R.; Norvell, i.A.

Soil Sci. Soc. and Proc. 29, 665-669; 1965

SOILS; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; BICRONUTRIENTS; CATION
303
Contributions of Fixed Charge and Bobile
complexing Agents to the Diffusion of Zinc

Hodgson, J.F.; Lindsay, B.L.; Kemper, i.D.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2). 241-244; 1971

ZINC; DIFFUSION; BOBILITY; COBPLKXES
304
Bicronutrient Cation Complexes in Soil Solution:
2. Complexing of Zinc and Copper in Displaced
Solution from Calcareous soils

Hodgson, J.F.; Lindsay, i.L.; Trierweiler, J.F.

Soil Sci. Soc. Proc. 30: 723-726; 1966

ZINC; COPPES; SOILS; HICHONOTRIENTS; CATIOIS
CALCAREOUS SOILS
                                                    44

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                                                                                                   305-309
305
Study of Arsenate Sorption on Soils.   2.
Hagnitude of Adsorption in Relation to Time and
Amorphous Bydrated Oxides of Aluminium and Icon

Holobrady, K.; Galba, 3.

Pol'nohospodarstvo, 16, 575-581;  1970

ARSENATE; SORPTIOH; SOILS; ADSORPTION; PH; IRON
HYDROXIDES; ALORINDH HTDHOXIDBS

The rate of adsorption vas exponential.  In
slightly acid and neutral soils,  the adsorption
rate vas increased by the presence of  hydcated
oxides of iron and aluminum.
306
1 Study of the Sorption of Arsenates in Soils.
1. Adsorption Isotherms of Phospates and Arsenates

Bolobrady, K.; Galba, J-; Chrenekova,  B.;
University of Agriculture, ultra

Agriculture, 15(11), 956-963;  1969

ADSORPTION ISOTBBBHS; PBOSPBATBS; ARSBNATE;
SOILS; IOHIC RADII: ALOMINOH OXIDE; IRON OXIDES;
ARSENIC; PHOSPHORUS

The experimental results obtained in the given
conditions by following the adsorption isotherms
of phosphates and arsenates in four earths have
brought us the following knowledge:  1. By
comparing the course of adsorption isotheris of
phosphates and arsenates it is possible to assume
that the bond mechanism of arsenate anions in the
soil is near to that of phosphates, the lover
intensity of sorption of the arsenate  anion being
associated with a larger ion radius and thus with
a lower concentration of the total negative
charge on the surface of the arsenate  anion.  2.
The degree of sorption of the  arsenate anion in a
given earth depends on the chemical and physical
nature of the substrate.  Similarly as in the
sorption of phosphates, fro* the point of view of
arsenate bonding a very important component part
is constituted by active isomorphic hydrated
oxides of aluminum and iron, with the  content of
which the amount of arsenates, absorbed by the
examined earth, increases.
307
Draft Proposal under the Lav Concerning Pollution
of Soil

Boogendijk Deutsch, S.T.

Haterschapbelangen, 56(18), 273-278; 1971

SOILS; SOIL CONTAHINATION ACT; BEVIEU; BATES;
BEFOGB HANAGEHENT; SOIL CONTAMINATION; GROUND
WATER; POTABLE iATEB; BEFOSE REMOVAL; REPOSE
COLLECTION; REPOSE TRANSPORT; REPOSE; DEPOSAL;
DISCHARGE; SELECTION; REPROCESS

A draft proposal concerning the Soil
Contamination Act to be modified by the
Government of the Netherlands is reviewed.  The
principal object of the improvement suggested is
a body of preventive measures as applicable to
soil contamination, water pollution and refuse
management. The design has a preliminary
character and is susceptible to adaptations and
modifications.  The draft is based on the
following ideas:  the soil should be considered
as the base of human existence.  It is defined as
contaminated whenever its physical, chemical or
biological properties have been changed by human
intervention or other causes so as to become less
suitable for any use, e.g., due to adverse
involvement of mechanical, physical, chemical or
microbiological soil features or ground water
pollution.  As pertinent to the soil ground water
deserves special attention.  In addition to its
use as potable water, it has particular functions
in the surrounding grounds as a solvent of plant
nutrients and as a source of moisture for the
surface vegetation.  A draft for ground water
protection designed by the Dutch Central
Commission of Potable Rater Provision is added.
Following various provisions on refuse removal,
collection and transport, guidelines are given on
the actual standards of refuse deposal, discharge
and selection for reprocessing.
308
Contamination of Plants and Soils by Lead
Residues from Petrol Engines

Horak, o.; Ruber, I.; Oesterr. Stndienges.
Atomenerg. G.R.B.R., Vienna, Aust.

Ber. Oesterr. Studienges. Atomenerg. (BOAEBf!)
1973,  (SGAE Ber. No. 2077), 27p. ; 1973

LEAD; SOILS; HYDROCARBONS; AOTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
AIR; PLANTS; RESIDOES
309
Detection of (lercurial Seed Dressings in Soils
and Groundwater

Borvath, A.; Deak, Z.;Schiefner, K.; Orszagos
Kozegeszsegugyi Intezet, Budapest, Hungary

Egeszsegtudomany, 16(1), 53-62; 1972

MEBCOBY; HETHOXYETHYLHERCORY CHLORIDE; SOILS;
SEED DRESSINGS; HUHOS; SAND; GROOND HATER;
AGALLOL; MODEL; 8ASHOOT; CLAY

The movement of an organic mercury seed dressing,
Agallol (methoxyethylmercury choride), in soil
vas studied in model experiments and field tests.
The model studies, carried out on 100-cm sand
layers with 1 mg and 10 mg of•mercury, revealed
that sandy soils were not suitable for
application of such compounds due to the marked
washout.  Pield tests on a soil composed of 130
cm humus followed by a clay layer revealed
maximum concentrations at the depth of
introduction (05 cm) , with values rapidly
decreasing further down.  Pield tests on a soil
consisting of 30 cm humus followed by sand, and
gronndvater level at 100 cm and depth of
introduction US cm, showed both appreciable
concentrations at the 100-cm depth and
groundwater mercury contents of 21.7 mg/1.  Due
to the high toxicity mercury has for numerous
organisms, its use should be avoided where the
possibility of groundvater contamination exists.
                                                    45

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 310-315
 310
 in Overview of Soil/Plant/Animal Relationships
 vith Respect to Utilization of Trace Elements

 Horvath, D.J. ; West Virginia University,
 Morgantown, West Virginia  26506

 Part of Hopps, H.C.; Cannon, H.L. (Eds.),  Annals
 of the Hew York Academy of Sciences, Volume 199,
 Geochemical Environlent in Relation to Health and
 Disease (p. 82-9H); 1972, June 28

 TRACE ELEMENTS; ALKALI DISEASE; BLIND STAGGERS;
 SELEHIOH;  DEFICIENCY; WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE;
 GOITER; IODINE; COBALT; SALT SICKNESS; SWAYBACK;
 COPPER; LEAD;  CADMIUM; MOLYBDENUM; FLUORINE;
 DENTAL CARIES; OSTEOPOROSIS; PLDCBINE; DRINKING
 WATER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION;
 ANEHIA; IRON;  HANGANESE; PB; HOHEOSTASIS;
 CHLOROSIS: ACCUMULATION; BIOINDICATORS LEGOHES;
 GRASSES; NICKEL; ZINC; LEAVES; FERTILIZERS;
 FLUOROSIS; CHROMIUM; FERTILIZERS; HYPERTENSION;
 DIETARY INTAKE; RECYCLING; SEWAGE SLUDGE;  SEWAGE;
 HEAVY HETALS;  SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; DETERGENTS;
 COMPOST

 Animal diseases occurring in parts of North
 America related to  excesses or deficiencies of
 selenium,  iodine, cobalt, copper and molybdenum
 are listed. 'Poisoning by copper, lead, or
 cadmium near Bine or smelter areas is mentioned.
 Low pH favors the uptake from soils of aluminum,
 iron and manganese  by plants; excess amounts  of
 molybdenum and selenium are usually taken  up
 under alkaline conditions, but can occur in some
 acid or neutral soils.  Copper, arsenic and
 cadmium will probably stunt or kill plants before
 building up to concentrations toxic to animals
 (but some  species,  such as sheep are susceptible
 to copper). Indicator or accumulator plants are
 recognized for selenium, cobalt, and fluorine and
 in these toxic concentrations can be built up.
 Legumes usually accumulate more trace elements
 than grasses (except molybdenum) .  Lime and
 fertilizer applications affect the transfer of
 trace elements to plants. So far iodine and
 fluorine levels are the only ones that can
 clearly be related  to man's health status
 (goiter, dental caries) .  Chromium and cadmium
 deserve more attention and are reviewed more
 extensively without a positive conclusion.
 Problems associated with recycling sewage  sludges
 and garbage composts onto soils are discussed.
 While there is fairly heavy contamination  vith
 heavy metals,  the author does not expect
 immediate  problems  due to the complexing of these
 metals with clays,  organic matter and phosphorus
 and also the formation of insoluble precipitates
 at  near neutral  pH.   Ultimately,  he expects plant
 toxicity effects  due to  zinc and perhaps cadmium
 and  also expects  that much more than one million
 acres  (estimated  by  King)  will be needed.
311
Control of Geochemical Behavior  of  Selenium  in
Natural Raters by Adsorption on  Bydrous  Ferric
Oxides

Howard, J.H.; Department of Geology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia  30601

Part of Bern phi 11, D.D. (Ed.), Trace Substances in
Environmental Health-5th Annual  Conference,  June
29-July 1, 1971, University of Missouri-Columbia,
Columbia, Missouri, (p. 185-i»95) , 559  p.;  1972

SELENIUM; WATER; ADSORPTION; AQUATIC BCOSYSTBHS;
FERRIC HYDROXIDES; CLAY;  PH; GEOCHEMISTRY;
SEDIMENTS; MOBILITY; SOILS; CHOPS; PYHITE; GROUND
WATER; SURFACE WATER; IRON SOLFIDES; TRANSPORT;
FORAGE; AGRICDLTDRE

adsorption on hydrous ferric oxides is the most
important control of selenium  behavior in aerated
agueous environments.  Ferric  hydroxide absorbs
one to two orders of magnitude more  selenium
trioxide per unit weight of  adsorber than the
clays, and can adsorb  90 to  99 percent of the
selenium trixoxide from natural waters at pH 7-8.
Hydrous ferric oxides  are such effective
adsorbers because of the large specific surface
areas and because selenium trioxide  is
specifically adsorbed  on the hydroxylated ferric
surface.  Quantitative considerations of selenium
concentrations and surface areas of  ferric
hydroxide present in natural waters  show that
selenium trioxide will be almost totally adsorbed
from surface waters, ground waters,  and water in
vicinity of weathering iron sulfides.   Mobility
of selenium is thus inhibited  by adsorption  and
oxidized selenium must move by mass-wasting  and
stream-sediment transport.  Such fixation of
selenium in soils renders it unavailable to
agricultural and forage crops.
312
Toxic Metals in Acid Soil.  2.  Estimation  of
Plant Available Manganese

Hoyt, P.B. ; Nyborg, M.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2), 2U1-24U;  1971

CATION EXCHANGE; SOILS; PLANTS; MANGANESE;  TOIIC
HETALS; ACID SOIL
313
Toxic Metals in Acid Soil.
Plant Available Aluminum
1.   Estimation of
Hoyt, P.B.; Nyborg, H.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2), 236-2*0;  1971

SATURATION; LIME; LIMING; ALUMINUM; SOILS;
PLANTS; TOIIC METALS; ACID SOIL
31U
Environmental Toxicology and Copper

Hueck, H.J.; Cent. Lab.. Tno, Delft, Netherlands

Tno N'ieuws  (TNOMA3), 1972, 27(9), U19-U27;  1972

REVIEW; COPPER

A discussion and review with 10 references  of
environmental toxicology with special reference
to the role of Copper. Copper is emphasized
because it is both persistent and toxic, yet an
essential micronutrient, and because Cu levels in
the environment of humans has increased since
1900.
315
Wastewater Management by Disposal on the Land

Hunt, P.

Special Report No. 171, Corps of Engineers, O.S.
Army, Cold Regions, Research and Engineering
Lab., Hanover. NH; 1972

WASTEWATER; DISPOSAL; LARD DISPOSAL; MANAGEMENT
                                                     46

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                                                                                                   316-322
316
Lead, Cadmium and Vanadium  LeTels in Soils and
Vegetation in Hetropolitan  Toronto Indicative of
Airborne Contamination

Ratchinson, T.C.

Am. J. Bot., 58  (5  Part  2),  982;  1971

ORBAN; PLANTS; SOILS; AIR;  LEAD;  CADBIDH;
VARADIOH; VEGETATIOR;
317
A study of Heavy  Hetal Concentrations and
Distribution in Diver Booth  and  Estuarine  Samples
from Around the Great Lakes

Hntchinson, T.C.;  Fitchko, J.; Institute of
Environmental Sciences 6  Engineering,   Department
of Botany, University of  Toronto,  Toronto,  Canada

International conference  on  Transport of
Persistent Chemicals in Aquatic  Ecosystems,
Ottawa Canada, Bay  1-3, 197H,  University of
Ottawa, Rational  Research Council  Laboratories,
National Research Council of Canada,  Environment
Canada, p. «; 1970, (lay

BERCORY; LEAD; CADHION; ZIRC;  COPPER;  RICKEL;
COBALT: HANGANESB;  CHROBIDB; SILVER;   HEAVY
IIETALS; IHDOSTRT; SBDIBERTS; RIVERS;  LAKES;
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETRY;  ACCORDLATION

Surface and core  samples  of  sediments have  been
collected in 1972 and 1973 from  the months  of
rivers flowing into the Great  Lakes.   These
samples have been analyzed by  atomic  absorption
spectrophotometry for the metals Hg,  Pb, Cd, Zn,
Cu, Hi, Co, Bn, Cr  and Ag.   The  objective  of the
study is to make  a  general comparison of the
relative degree of  heavy  metal accumulation in
sediments between the Great  Lakes  and to relate
the patterns of accumulation to  the
urban-industrial  activity associated  with  the
rivers.  In addition, the relationship between
the types of sediments and their metal  content is
being assessed.  This includes consideration of
such factors as particle  size  and  organic
content.  Striking  differences have been found
between lakes and between rivers within lakes.
Some areas are found to be markedly contaminated
by almost all metals analyzed, while  for other
sites contamination is by a  single metal.   Core
sample analyses suggest something  of  the history
of the process.  Some of  the river sediments,
such as those from  Bilwankee and Chicago, Lake
Richigan and Thunder Bay, Lake Superior have
patterns of metal pollution  which  relate to
specific industrial activities and to  inputs from
street surface contaminants.  Incorporation of
metals into sediments from river waters and
inputs from storm rivers  will be discussed  in
relation to the overall data.
319
Contamination of Vegetation by Tetraethyl Lead

Impens, R.

Ann. Gemblonz, 77(3), 225-231; 1971

HOflARS; CATTLE; AIR; SOILS; POODS; FORAGE; LEAD;
TETRAITHYL LBAD; VEGETATION; PLANTS
320
Is Contamination of the Soil with Hercury
Reflected by the Plants Grown on it

Imre, R. A.; Berencsi, G.

Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr.
Byg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reihe B. Hyg. Praev. Red.,
155  (5-6), 1972, D82-187

CEREFAN; LETTOCE; RADISHES; CARROTS; PARSLEY;
BEBCDBY; SOILS; PLANTS
321
Soil Contamination Caused by the Use of Hercury
Containing Disinfectants

Imre, R.A.; Berencsi, G.; Luzanyi, L.; Haurer,
J.; Szegedi Orvostnd. Bgy. Koezegeszsegtani
Intez., Szeged, Bungary

Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr.
Hyg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reihe B. Hyg. Praev. Bed.,
155 (5-6), 1972, »76-
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323-329
 323
 Phenolic  Degradation  of  Humic  Acid

 Jackson,  H.P.;  Swift,  R.S.;  Fosnei,  A.R.:  Knoz,
 J.B.;  Department  of Chemistry,  University  of
 western  Australia, Nedlands, Australia

 Soil Science,  114(1),  75-78; 1972

 DEGRADATION;  PHENOLIC DEGRADATION; RUNIC ACIDS;
 INTERABOHATIC BONDS;  BINDING

 Considerable  information concerning  the nature of
 the  inter-aromatic bonds in  hnmic acids vas
 obtained  using  a  phenolic degradation technique
 in which  pehnol replaced the functional groups to
 give relatively simple identifiable  degradation
 products.
 324
 Arsenic  Sorption  by  Soils

 Jacobs,  L.B.;  Syers, J. 1C.; Reeney, D.B.;
 De part sent  of  Soil Science,  University of
 Wisconsin

 Soil  Sci. Soc.  Amer. Proc. .  34, 750-75
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                                                                                                  330-335
330
Controls on Manganese, Iron, Cobalt. Nickel,
Copper, and Zinc Concentrations in Soils and
Rater:  The significant Bole of Hydrous Banganese
and Iron Oxides

Jenne, E.A.; OSGS, Denver, Colorado

IdTan. Chen. Sec. no. 73, 337-387; 1968

CONCENTRATION; MANGANESE OIIDES; CHELATES; IONS;
GEOCREBISTBT; BANGANBSE; IBON; COBALT; NICKEL;
COPPER; ZINC; SOILS; HATER; IBON OIIDES;
HYDROXIDES; FIIATION; BEAVT BETALS; CLAI; PB;
CARBONATES; PRECIPITATION; SBDIBBHTS; ION
EICBiHGE; CHELATIOH

It is proposed that the hydrous oxides of
manganese and iron, in general, furnish the
principal control on the fixation of cobalt,
nickel, copper, and zinc (heavy metals) in soils
and fresh vater sediments; hjdrous oxides of
manganese and iron are nearly ubiquitous in
clays, soils, and sediments.  The con on
occurrence of these oxides as coatings allows  the
oxides to exert chemical activity far oat of
proportion to their total concentrations.
Sorption or desorption of these heavy letals
occurs in response to the following factors:   (1)
aqueous concentration of the metal in question;
(2) aqueous concentration of other heavy metals;
(3) pH, and (U) amount and strength of organic
chelates and inorganic complex ion foners
present in solution.  Other suggested controls on
the concentration of the heavy metals in soils
and fresh waters are:  (1)  organic Batter; (2)
clays; (3)  carbonates; and (4) precipitation as
the discrete oxide or hydroxide.  The available
information on these controls is reviewed and
found to be inadequate to explain the fixation of
cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc.  257 references.
331
laboratory Evaluation of Selected Radioisotopes
as Gronndwater Tracers

Jennings, A.P.; Schroeder, B.C.; Texas A and  B
University, College Station, II

Water Eesour. Hes., 1, 829-838;  1968, August

CEEIOB 1«1; AHTIHONT 121; ROTBBHIOB  103; CHHOBIOB
31; IRIDIDH 11»; STRONTIOB 89; BOVEBEHT; SOILS;
SOIL PROFILES; CHELATIOH; ILLITE; BADIOISOTOPES;
GROUND HATER; HATBB; FLOH; TBACEB

Choice of radioisotopes for following
ground-water flow is discussed.  The  radioisotopes
used should be either in anionic or  nonionic
for*, as cations are most susceptible to ion
exchange.  The choice of anionic radioisotopes
for ground-water tracers is limited  because of
the half-life, type, and energy  of the radiation
emitted, and in some cases the chemical
complexity of the isotope. A suitable detection
time for radioisotopic tracers is from 3 to 5
half-lives. As the appearance of a tracer results
from movement along the most direct  flow path,
the arrival of the maximum concentration is the
best index for determining the average water
velocity.  Sb 121, Ce 1U1, Cr 31, Ir 111, Bu 103,
and Sr 89  in chelate form were tested, as the
nnchelated ions are subject to greater delay by
adsorption and ion exchange.
Distribution-coefficient measurements were made
under static conditions for crushed illitic shale
and limestone, and these measurements used to
predict the elution history of a tracer from an
exchange column. Comparisons of the predictions,
the tracer elution histories, and elation
histories for chloride palses indicated chelated
Cr 31 to be a useful ground-water tracer.
332
Biological Bethylation of Bercury in Aguatic
Organisms

Jensen, S.; Jernelov, A.

Mature 223: 753-75
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 336-341
 336
 Lead Availability Related to Soil Properties and
 Extractable Lead

 John, M. K.

 J.  Environ. Qual.,  1 (3), 1972,  295-298

 LACTUCA-SATIVA;  AVENA-SATIVA;  NICKEL;  ALUMINUM;
 PH; CONTAMINATION;  LEAD;  SOILS
 337
 Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Its Uptake by
 Oats

 John, B.K.;  Chuah,  H.H.;  Van Laerhoven,  C.J.;
 Research Station,  Canada Department of
 Agriculture, Agassiz, British Columbia,  Canada

 Environmental Science and Technology, 6(6),
 555-557; 1972,  June

 SOILS;  PLANTS;  BOOTS; HYPERTENSION; POODS;
 FUNGICIDES;  TRiNSLOCATION;  ABSORPTION;
 DISTRIBUTION; CADMIUM;  CONTAHINATION; OPTAKE;
 OATS; ACCOHDLATION;  HUMANS;  SHELTERS; BBPBYSEBA;
 CHRONIC BRONCHITIS;  BODI; ABIBALS;  PLANTS;  ZINC;
 OILS; TIBES; NICKEL-CADBIOB  BATTERIES;  BATTERIES

 The extent of cadmium contamination of soils in
 the Lower Fraser Valley (SS,  British Columbia,
 Canada)  Has  evaluated.   Nitric acid-soluble
 cadmium in the surface samples among 33
 agricultural soils  averaged  0.88  ppm.  Rovever,
 nitric  acid-soluble cadmium  reached as high  as 95
 ppm in  a surface sample taken near  a battery
 smelter, but this level decreased considerably
 with distance and depth.   The effect of  soil
 application  of  carbonate, nitrate,  chloride,
 snifate, and phosphate salts of calcium  on
 cadmium uptake  by oats was  determined in a  growth
 chamber study involving soils taken near a
 battery smelter and  from farmland.   Oats grown on
 the contaminated soils contained  very high
 amounts of cadmium  in the roots,  with smaller
 amounts in the  above-ground  portions.  Soil
 treatments affected  the cadmium content  of  roots
 significantly but did not affect  the cadmium
 content of tops.
 338
 Factors Affecting Plant  Uptake and Phytotoxicity
 of Cadmium  Added to  Soils

 John, B.K.;  Van Laerhoven, C.J.; Chnah, H.H.;
 Research Branch, Canada  Department of
 Agriculture, Agassiz, B.C., Canada

 Environmental Science and Technology,  6(12),
 1005-1119;  1972, November

 CADHIUB; CADMIUM CHOLORIDE; SOILS; RADISHES;
 LETTOCE; AVAILABILITY; CONCENTRATION;  NICKEL;
 IRON; ZINC; COPPER;  ACCUMULATION; UPTAKE;
 CHLOROSIS;  ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETBY;
 COLORIMETRY; PHYTOTOXICITY

 For a set of 30 surface  soils, addition of  50  mg
 of cadmium, from CdC12,  to 500 grams of soil
 reduced yields and sharply increased cadmium
 levels in analyzed portions of radish  and lettuce
 plants when compared with those  plants grown on
control soils.  For  the  treated  soils, plant
cadmium was significantly related to cadmium
 extracted from soil  by neutral N ammonium
 acetate.  The N HC1 anS  N HN03 extractions  did
 not indicate plant availability  but removed most
of the soil dadmium.  From among 18 potential
independent variables, stepwise  linear
 regressions to predict cadmium found in plant
parts harvested from treated  soils  included a
measure of the relative ability  of  soils  to
absorb cadmium, acetate-soluble  cadmium  in  the
soil, soil reaction, and organic matter  as
significantly contributing independent variables.
Plant cadmium levels were significantly
correlated with amounts of nickel,  iron,  zinc,
and copper in the same plant  portion.  Results of
this study indicated that the cadaium  pollutant
may readily be taken up from  the soil and may
result in potentially hazardous  accumulation of
cadmium in plants.  Besides its  effect on the
cadmium levels, the treatment produced toxicity
symptoms and reduced yields.
339
Trace Element Concentrations in Aerosols  from  the
San-Francisco Bay Area

John, ».; Kaifer, R.; Bahn, K.; Kesolowski,  J.J.

Atmos. Environ., 7(1), 107-118; 1973

SOIL-DERIVED OCEAN POLLUTION; SELENIUM; ZINC;
MERCURY; BROMINE; IRON; SODIUM; AEROSOLS; TRACE
ELEMENTS
340
Arsenic Content of Soil and Crops Following  Use
of Methanearsonate Herbicides

Johnson, L.R.; Hiltbold, A.E.

Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 33, 279-282;  1969

CROPS; COTTON; SOYBEANS; SORGHUM; OATS; MAIZE;
VETCH; CLOVER; RATE; ARSENIC; SOILS; HERBICIDES

Buch of the applied As remained in the  upper 30cm
of soil.  The As content of crops (cotton,
soybean, sorghum, oats, maize, vetch, clover)
grcwn on treated soil was related to the rate and
form of As applied, but yields were not reduced
by residual As in soil.
311
The Movement of Copper, Bolybdenum, and Seleminm
in Soils as Indicated by Radioactive Isotopes

Jones, G.B.; Belling, G.B.

Aust. J. Agric Res.,  18, 733-740; 1967

COPPER; MOLYBDENUM; SELENIUB; RADIOACTIVE
ISOTOPES; HOVEBENT; PEAT; CALCAREOUS SAND; TERRA
ROSSA; LATERITE; SOILS; RAINFALL; SUPERPHOSPHATE;
LOCBBNE; SODIUM SELENITE; SAND; LEACHING

Copper 6<», molybdenum 99 and selenium 75 were
used to study the movement of these elements in
peat, calcareous sand, terra rossa, deep sand and
laterite under the influence of various
fertilizer treatments.  Kith soils of moderate
CEC, copper remained near the soil surface after
all fertilizer treatments and the equipment of
several years' rainfall.  iith light soils of low
CEC, some penetration of copper occurred,
especially after superphosphate and on aqueous
extract of lucerne.  Molybdenum was leached right
through the soils except in the laterites where
half the molybdenum was retained near the
surface.  Selenium, applied as sodium selenite,
was intermediate in that a high proportion was
retained by the calcarious soils but not always
at the surface. Lighter soils retained less
selenium.
                                                    50

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                                                                                                   342-349
342
The Ho ye «ent of Cobalt and Zinc  in  Soils  as
Indicated by Radioactive Isotopes

Jones, G.B.; Riceman, D.S.;  NcKenzie,  J.O.;
University of Adelaide, Division of Biochemistry
and General Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia

Aust. J. igr. Research, 8, 190-201; 1957

ZINC; COBALT; SOILS; MOVEMENT; ADSORPTION

A method has been developed  whereby labeled
cobalt and zinc were applied  to  the surface of
columns of soil in order to  study the  movement  of
these cations under the influence of rainfall and
various fertilizer treatments. The  results of the
investigation demonstrate that in soils of
node rate exchange capacity,  whether this  is
provided by clay or by organic matter, the cobalt
and zinc remain close to the  surface of the soil
even after the application of water equivalent  to
several years' rainfall and  dressings  of  copper
sulphate, snperphophate, aqueous extract  of
lucerne, and water saturated  with carbon  dioxide.
lith very light soils of low  exchange  capacity  a
year's rainfall alone did not leach the cobalt  or
zinc downwards, bat rainfall  which  followed
treatments with the same treatments with  the same
dressings induced a considerable downward
movement of both cobalt and  zinc.   (CDF)
343
The Reaction of Zinc Sulfate with the  Soil

Jones, H.B.; Gall, O.E.; Barnette, R.M.

Florida Agr. Expt. Stas. Gainesville.  Bulletin
296; 1936

ZINC; SULFATES; SOILS; ZINC SOLFATE
314
Lead in Soils of the Zenica Area

Jovandic, P.; Pollopr. Rak., Sarajevo, Yugoslavia

Agrohemija  (AGHJA4) ,  (9-12), 457-62;  1972

LEAD; SOILS
A predictive model of cation transport in soils
undergoing miscible displacement was developed
and tested.  A mass balance equation was
formulated to include a general nonlinear cation
exchange function.  The model was applied to the
transport of cations through an exchanger using
five types of exchange functions.  The model was
further tested by conducting soil column studies
which involved both homovalent and heterovalent
exchange.  Good agreement between experimental
and predicted data was obtained.  Laboratory
studies were also conducted to assess the affect
of Mg(+2) ion on the solubility of calcareous
materials.  Solubility was found to vary with the
surface area and mineralogy of the carbonate
mineral.  In waters unsaturated with respect to
calcite, flg(+2) generally increased the
solubility of calcite.  The presence of Hg (»2)
decreased the solubility of dolomite in waters
which were near saturation with respect to
dolomite.
3U7
Zinc Solubility Under Alkaline Conditions in a
Zn-Bentonite System

Jurinak, J.J.; Thome, D.W.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 19: 446-448; 1955

ZINC; SOLUBILITY; BENTOHITE; SOILS; ALKALINITY
348
Leaching of certain Trace Elements From Columns
of Rendzina Soil

Kabata-Pendias, A.

Pol. J. Soil Sci., 1, 103-109; 1968

LEACHING; OAK LEAVES; PINE NEEDLES; LUPIN;
AMMOHION OXALATE; RATER; ACETIC ACID; TRACE
ELEMENTS;  ZINC; RENDZINA SOILS; MANGANESE;
COPPER; NICKEL; BORONS BOLYBDEHOM; COBALT; SOILS

Tables are given for Hn, Zn, Cu Ni, Co, Ho, and B
leached from soil columns by extracts of oak
leaves, pine needles, and lupin and by ammonium
oxalate, CO(2)-saturated water, and acetic acid
solutions.
345
Thermodynamics of Zinc Adsorption on Calcite,
Dolomite and Hagnesite-Type Minerals

Jurinak, J.J.; Bauer, N.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20: U66-U71; 1956

ZINC; 4DSOBPTION; CALCITE; SOILS; DOLOMITE;
MAGNESITE; MINERALS; THERMODYNAMICS
346
Cation Transport in Soils and Factors Affecting
Soil carbonate Solubility

Jurinak, J.J.; Lai, S.H.; Hassett, J.J.; Utah
State University, Logan, OT  84322

Environmental protection Agency Report, No.
EPA-R2-73-235; 1973, May

MAGNESIUM; ION TRANSPORT; CALCIOM CARBONATE;
LEACHING; CATION EXCHANGE; IRRIGATION; FLOS;
MODEL; TRANSPORT; DISPLACEMENT; CATIONS;
SATURATION; MATER; DOLOMITE
349
The Sorption of Trace Elements by Soil-Forming
Minerals

Kabata-Pendias, A.

Roczniki Glebozn., 19, 55-72; 1968

HEAVY METALS; QUARTZ; ILLITE; BIOTITE; SORPTION;
COPPBB; COBALT; MANGANESE;  NICKEL; ZINC; SOILS;
TRACE ELEMENTS

Retention and release of heavy metals (Co, Cu,
Mn, Ni, Zn, each added at the rate of 30 ppm)  by
various soil minerals (gnartz, illite, biotite,
etc)  are shown in tables.  Sorption of the metals
occurred by both cation exchange and formation of
complex compounds on the mineral surface.  The
order of aetal sorption by the various minerals
is discussed.
                                                    51

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350-356
 350
 Notes on Chemical Methods of Determining
 Available Copper and Cobalt in Soils

 Kabata-Pendias,  A.

 Pam.  Pulawski,  9, 31-39;  1963

 COBALT;  COPPER;  ADSORPTION;  SOILS;  CHELATIOH

 The amounts of  Ca extracted from  plants and  soils
 (peat,  podzol or brown soil developed  on loamy
 sand, sandy loam) with various extractants
 decreased in the order:   plants (mostly clover
 and grass), 10  percent BC1,  0.1B  EDTA,  0.1 n  HC1,
 2.5 percent CH3COOH, 0.1  n HH03.  CH3COOB +
 dithizone. The  decreasing order for Co  was:   10
 percent  HC1, EDTA,  0.1 n  HC1, plants,  CB3COOH +
 dithizone, CH3COOH,  HN03.  The proportion of
 total Ca and Co taken up  by plants  was  greater on
 mineral  soil than peat, but the uptake  of Co  was
 fairly uniform.
355
Incorporation of Toxic Metal Ions of  Soils  into
Nonionic Inert Substances

Kavazoe, A.

Japan. KOKAI (JKXXAF) 1973, 2

SOILS; HEAVY (1ETALS; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES;
REMOVAL; CARBON; MERCURY; IOBS; CADMI0H;
INDUSTRY; IRON; ALOHINOB; RICE; RICE  PADDIES
ADSORPTION; COAL POWDER

Toxic metal ions such as mercury and  cadmium in
soils (pesticide residues or industrial
precipitates) are reacted with metals such  as
iron and aluminum to form inert compounds.  Thus,
activated coal powder (50-200 HESH) ,  containing
iron and Al, was scattered over the soil at 1-10
Kg/10 acre in rice paddies.  Hg ions  were
adsorbed by the carbon and reacted with the iron
and aluminum, forming amalgam-type alloy bonds
and becoming chemically inactive.
 351
 Heavy Metals in Various  Preparations  and
 Fertilizers used in  Agriculture

 Kabata-Pendias, A.;  Piotrowska,  M.

 Postepy Nauk Roln.,  19(2),  13-29;  1972

 PESTICIDES; BBTALS;  FERTILIZERS;  AGRICULTURE
 352
 Sorption  of  Manganese,  Cobalt,  and Copper  by  Peat
 Soils

 Kanunnikova,  N.A.;  Khabar. Kompleksn.
 Ranchno-Issled.  Inst.,  Khabarovsk, OSSB

 Hikroelem. Biosfere Primen.  Ikh.  Sel.  Khoz. Bed.
 Sib.  Dal'Rego Vostoka,  Dokl. Sib. Konf., 3rd
 (27BDAA) ;  Filippov,  V.R., Akad.  Hank 5SS8,  Sib.
 Otd.,  Buryat.  Filial, Ulan-Ode,  USSR  (117-21);
 1971

 PEAT;  SOILS;  COPPER; SORPTION; COBALT; HANGAIESE
 353
 Use of Soil Columns with Undisturbed Structure  in
 Studies of the Capacity of Some Organic Compounds
 for Migration Over the Soil  Profile

 Kaurichev, I.S.; Ganzhara, N.F.

 Dokl. Bosk. S-KB Akad. Im. K.A. limiryazeva  151
 Trans. 75-80; 1969

 POLYPHENOLS; HDBIC ACID; FOLVIC ACID; OXALIC
 ACID; GLDTABIC ACIDS; SORPTION; SOILS
356
The Poison Chain for Mercury in the Environment

Kazantzis, G.; Dept. Bed., Middlesex Rosp. Med.
School, London, B.1., England

Int. J. Environ. Stud., 1, 301-306; 1971

ORGAROBERCORIALS; MERCORT; FUNGICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
EFFLUENTS; LEACHING; SOILS; HOOD PULP PROCESSING
PLANTS; RICE; SEED DRESSINGS; BIRDS; FOOD CHAINS;
BETHYIATION

Organic mercurials, which are more toxic than
inorganic salts of mercury, enter the environment
as fungicides and are converted to inorganic
mercury by living systems.  When used as
fungicides, these compounds can be leached out of
soil, eventually reaching waterways, or escape
from wood pulp processing plants.  In Japan,
agricultural uses have been limited since an
average concentration of 0.1 ppm mercury was
found in rice.  In 1966, Sweden banned the use of
mercury seed dressings because of the large
numbers of birds dying of mercury poisoning.
Since that time mercury levels have decreased in
birds at the end of the aquatic food chain.
Mercury concentration in some Swedish waters may
prohibit production of edible fish for 50 or 60
years.  Butagenic and teratogenic effects of
mercury have been observed at concentrations
below those causing intoxication. (18 references)
35
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                                                                                                    357-361
357
Persistence and Reactions  of  UC-Cacodylic  icid
in Soils

Kearney, P.C.; Voolson,  E.i.

Environ. Sci. Technol..  7(1),  17-50;  1973

CiCODYLIC ACID; HYDROXYDIMBTHYLAFSINE OIIDE;
HETHYL DICHLOROARSINE; IROH;  ALUMINUM;  ARSBIIC;
•ATEB-SOLUBLB; C1LCIOB;  iLOHIHOH;  aRSEIUTE;
PERSISTENCE; ARSIHE; DEGRADATION;  CARBON  IK;
VOLATILIZATION

Carbon-1U-labeled cacodylic acid
(hydroxydiemthylarsine oxide)  was  prepared  by
reacting 1«C-methyl iodide with methyl
dichloroarsine. Concentrations of  1,  10, and  100
ppm of cacodylic acid vere established  in three
soils of varying iron and  aluminum content.  At
2, 0, 6, 16, 21, and 32  weeks, soils  vere
analyzed fro» ItC and total arsenic in  the   .
water-soluble (IS), calcium,  iron, and  aluminum
fractions.  Initially, cacodylic acid was
distributed in the following  fractions: water
soluble grams of aluminum  gram total  iron,  gram
total calcium. After 32  weeks, the distribution
was water soluble potassiui,  grai  total iron,
potassium, calcium.  In  contrast,  inorganic
arsentate (5 at) was largely  present  in the  iron
and aluminum fractions.  Cacodylic acid
persistence was a fronction of soil type and
after 32 weeks the following  aiounts  of 14C  were
recovered in each soil type by combustion:
Christiana  (23X) , Hagerstown  (53K), Lakeland
(62%).  A decrease in both total 14C  and total
arsenic occurred in all  soils  with time.  A
pungent garlic odor was  detected in soils
receiving 100 ppm, suggesting  the  production  of
a volatile alkyl arsine.   The  loss of arsenic
suggests that one route  of carcodylic acid  loss
from aerobic and anaerobic soils is by  alkyl
arsine volatility.  Degradation under aerobic
conditions also occurred by cleavage  of the
carbon-arsenic, persumably yielding carbon
dioxide and A (SO {»)) 3.   This  degradation is
presumably due to microbiological actions.   (18
references)
358
Cacodylic Acid Metabolism in Soils

Kearney, P.C.; Woolson, E.A.; United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research  Division,
Beltsville, Maryland  20705

Paper Wo. 29, Pesticide Division, 162  National
ACS Secting, iashington, D. C.,  September  12-17,
1971; 1971

CACODY.LIC ACID; HETABOLISH; SOILS; ALKIL ARSINE;
MICROORGANISMS; DIMETHYL ARSINIC ACID; ARSENiTE;
PHYTOTOIICITY; AEBOBIC; ARSEHIC

The following metabolic reactions of cacodylate
appears to be significant in soils.  Dnder
aerobic conditions microorganisms cleave the C-As
bond to form carbon dioxide and  arsenate.  The
arsenate then reacts with the calcium, iron and
aluminum salts in soils to form  essentially
insoluble salts.  The iron and aluminum salts
exhibit a low order of phytotoxicity.  Cacodylic
acid also forms these calcium, aluminum and iron
salts, the reactions appear to be more
significant with the inorganic arsenate.  Onder
reducing conditions, cacodylate  forms  alkyl
arsines.  Our work and the work  of McBride and
Wolfe suggests that the dimethylarsine may be the
major evolved product from certain
microorganisms.  Some of the alkyl arsine
generated is trapped directly in soils.  This
must be a stable complex, since heating the
arsine treated soil overnight failed to decrease
the C-14 content.  The free iron oxides in soils
appear to play an important role in this trapping
process.  It is also well known that
dimethylarsine is unstable in air, forming the
dimethylarsinoxide or cacodyl oxide.  On further
air oxidation dimethylarsinoxide is further
oxidized to give the dimethylarsinic acid or
cacodylic acid.  Onder aerobic conditions this
would undergo C-As bond cleavage.  These
sequences of events would lend support to the
theory of an arsenic cycle in nature as proposed
by Frost.  Recently we have attempted to trace
the fate of several of these organic arsenicals
in aquatic food chains involving alga, snails,
daphma and fish.  Re have observed no
biomagnification of the labeled arsenicals in
these food chains, realizing the limited
interpretation one can put on these simple
systems.
359
Chemical Distribution and Persistence of
C-1«-Cacodylic Acid in Soil

Kearney, P.C.; Hoolson, E.A.; Onited States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research Division,
Beltsville, Maryland  20705

Paper Ho. 29, Pesticides Division,  162nd National
ACS Meeting, Washington, D. C., September, 1971;
1971

CACODTLIC ACID; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
DIHETBTL AHSIHIC ACID; FLOODED SOILS; BETABOLISH;
AEROBIC; ARSENIC

The metabolism of cacodylic acid under aerobic
conditions appeared to proceed through C-As
cleavage as well as through a volatile arsine
production.  The metabolism of cacodylic acid
under anaerobic conditions appeared to proceed
through reduction to arsine or dimethylarsine.
360
Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of
Arsenate-Arsenite Systems in Sand and Soil Mediums

Keaton, C.M.; Kardos, L.T.

Soil Sci.,  50, 189-207; 1910

IRON; SOILS; ARSENICAL SPRAT RESIDOES; ARSEHIC
FIXATION; ARSENIC; AHSENATE; OXIDATION REDUCTION;
SAND; RESIDUES

The beneficial effects of iron treatments on
soils poisoned by arsenical spray residues appear
to be due primarily to arsenic fixation. The
total fixation was increased by oxidizing the
arsenic to the arsenate form.
361
The Effect of Flooding and Aeration on the
nobility of Certain Trace Elements in Soils

Kee, N.S.; Bloomfield. C.

Plant and Soil, 16(1), 108--135; 1962

FLOODING; AERATION; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS
                                                    53

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 362-369
 362
 Solution of So»e Minor Element Oxides  by
 Decomposing Plant Haterials

 Kee.  U.S.;  Bloomfield, C.

 Geochim. Cosiochin.  Acta.  2«,  206-25;  1961

 DECOMPOSITION;  PLANTS; METAL  OXIDES; TRACE
 EL EH EH TS
 363
 The Fate of Zinc-65  Applied  to Two  Soils  as  Zinc
 Sulfate and Zinc BDTA

 Reefer, B.F.;  Estepp, H.

 Soil Sci.,  112(5),  1971,  325-329.

 CORN; CLAY; BIHDING;  FATE; ZINC;  SOILS; ZIHC
 SDLFATE; ZIHC  EDTA
broad ecological and epidemiological study  on
environmental contamination and human exposure
has been developed.  Determination of lead  in the
soil represents a part of these complex
investigations.  On 33 sampling spots along the
valley the soil and plant samples were taken
every year in July and October.  The results of
the total lead content of the soil for 1968 and
1969 are presented, together with the data  about
quantitative distribution in the valley.
However, investigations on adsorption coefficient
(scil:plant) revealed that total lead content
does not represent a reliable parameter for such
calculations. Therefore authors applied for the
first time determination of lead in the acetate:
lactate extract of the soil.  This parameter is
shoving in some cases a better correlation
between lead in soil and underground parts  of
plants.  It seems that determination of
AL-soluble lead from the soil represents a  step
forward (but not definite)  in the determination
of absorbable part of lead.  The distribution of
lead aerosols on the earth's surface and factors
influencing it are discussed.
 36 U
 Keith,  J.B.
 LEAD;  ZIHC;  TREES;  SOILS;  BRUNIZIMS; PODZOL:
 PLANTS;  GEOCHEHICAL PROSPECTIHG;  LOESS;  ELM;
 MAPLE;  OAK;  HIHING;  PRAIRIES;  FOBESTS

 In  the  mining  area  and  in  an adjacent  area, the
 soils  were brunizems (prairie  vegetation)  and
 gray-brown podzolic soils  (deciduous forest) ans
 were formed  from  bedrock and loess.  The Pb and
 Zn  contents  of  plans differentiated between
 mining  and non-mining areas.   The Pb and Zn
 contents of  all the soil horizons also
 differentiated  between  the areas. At  most
 sampling sites  in the mining area, soils were
 more reliable  than  plants  for  geochemical
 prospecting.   Soil  samples from areas  with a
 thick loess  cover did not  indicate the presence
 of  mineralized  bodies,  but elm, maple  and  oak
 trees contained anomalous  amounts of Pb  and Zn.
367
Lead Content of Soils Along Chicago's Eisenhower
and Loop-Terminal Expressways

Khan, H.A.; Coello, I.P.; Saleen, Z.A.; Oep.
Biol. Sci., Univ. Illinois, Chicago, 111.

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.  (ABCTCV) , 1(3),
209-223;  1973

LEAD; SOILS; TRAFFIC; AOTOBOBILES; HIGHWAYS

Lead levels found in soils in various seasons and
at various distances along the Chicago
Terminal-loop Expressway, the adjoining city
streets,  and the Eisenhower Expressway, show a
relationship between the parameters:  the lead
content of the soil is directly correlated with
the traffic volume which is in turn affected by
the seasons.  As much as 7,600 ppm and 880 ppm
lead is present in soils at less than <»5 and 150
feet respectively from the expressway.
 365
 Distribution of Total Boron, Copper, Manganese,
 and Molybdenum Contents in the Profiles of  Some
 Soil Types in the Little Plain and Its
 Relationship to Certain Soil Characteristics

 Kereszteny, B.

 Acta Agron Acad Sci Hung 22  (1-2), 1973,  115-130.

 EH; ORGANIC HATTER; HOMOS; SOLUBILITY; BORON;
 COPPER; MANGANESE; BOLYBDENOH; SOILS
366
Lead Contamination of Environment in the Heza
Valley, Lead Content of the Soil

ICerin, P.; Ferin, D.; Djuric, D. ; Institute of
Occupational and Radiological Health, Beograde,
Yugoslavia

Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed., 29, 129-138; 1972

LEAD; SHELTERS; AEROSOLS; SOILS; PLANTS; UPTAKE;
AVAILABILITY; CARROTS; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS;
INTEGRATED SAMPLES; PH; PARTICOLATIS

From 1896 the lead smelting plant in Heza valley,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia, has been contaminating the
environment with lead aerosols.  Since 1968 a
368
Interaction Between the Humic Acid Fraction of
Soils and Certain Metallic Cations

Khan, S.O.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33, 851-85*; 1969

HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS; METALLIC CATIONS; CATIOH



369'
Hetallo-Organic Complexes in Soil

Khanna, S.S.;  Stevenson, F.J.

Soil Sci. 93:  298-305; 1962

SOILS; OBGANOHBTALLICS; COMPLEXES
                                                    54

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                                                                                                  370-378
370
Supply of Trace Elements, Boron,  flanganese,
Molybdenum. Cobalt, Copper,  Zinc,  In the  Soils  of
Rorth Kazakhstan Begion

Kharitonova, A.F.

Tr. Inst. Pochvoved. Akad. Hank.  Kaz.  SSS.  18,
1970 Trans «4-
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379-389
 379
 Lead,  Zinc,  Cadmium:  Concentration  in  Soils  and
 Plants

 Kloke,  A.;  Inst.  Nichtparasit.  Pflanzenke., Biol.
 Bundesanst.,  Berlin-Dahlem,  Germany

 staub  - Reinhalt.  tuft  (Strhav) ,  34  (1),  18-21;
 1971

 REVIEW; AIRBOBNE  BETALS;  VEGETATION;  LEAD;  ZINC;
 CADHIOM;  SOILS;  PLAHTS;  AI8
 380
 Reactions of  Organic  Hastes  and  Soils

 Knoll,  K.C.

 Battelle  Pacific  Northwest Laboratory,  BNHL-860,
 18;  1969, January

 ADSORPTION; GEOLOGY;  ION  EXCHANGE;  LEACHING;
 LEACRATES; ORGANIC  HASTES; PERMEABILITY;
 BADIOACTIVE WASTES: SOILS; WASTE DISPOSAL;
 HASTES; ORGANICS

 The  ion exchange  capacity of laboratory soil
 columns was not  impaired  by  a previous  dose of
 organics  bat  organics could  leach out  previously
 adsorbed  species  fro* the soil column.
 381
 Air  and  Hater  Pollution by Cadmium,  Lead and Zinc
 Attributed to  the Largest Zinc Refinery in  Japan

 Kobayashi, J.

 Proc.  Oniv.  No.  Annn. Conf. Trace  Subst.,
 Environ.  Health  5,  117-128;  1972

 SILKHORBS; HOHANS;  PLANTS; AIR; RATER; CADHIOH;
 LEAD;  ZINC
 382
 Effects of Heavy Netal  (Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc)
 Pollution from a Smelting Plant  in Annaka City,
 Gunma Prefecture, on Agricultural Products

 Kobayashi, J.; florii. P.; Bnramoto,  S.;
 Nakashima, S.; Inst. Agric. Biol. Sci., Okayama
 Oniv., Knrashiki, Japan

 Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (NEZAAQ)  1970,  25(4),
 364-75; 1970

 FOODS; SOILS; SHELTERS;; CADHIOH; LEAD; ZINC;
 HEAVY BETALS; CBOPS
383
Distribution of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc Contained
in soils Polluted by a Zinc Refinery in Annaka
City, Gnmma Prefecture

Kobayashi, J.; Horii, P.; Buramoto, S.;
Nakashima, S.; Orakami, T. Nishizaki,  B.; Okayama
University, Kurashiki, Japan

Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zaashi (HID HA I) ,  44(12),
471-85; 1973

SOILS; METALS; CADSIOB; ZINC;  LEAD; HEALTH;
REPINE RIBS; DISTRIBOTION
384
Forms of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Soils  of
Certain Poly Betallic Deposits in Various
Landscape Zones of the Lesser Caucasus

Kocharyan, A.G.; Elenbogen, A.M.

Vestn.Hosk. Oniv. Ser. Geogr., 6, 1969,  79-82

COPPER; LEAD; ZINC; SOILS; LANDSCAPE
385
Minor Elements in Terrestrial Environment.   1.
Radiochemical Analysis of Lead-210, as well  as
Distribution of Lead-210, Strontium-90, and
Cesium-137 in Soil Profiles

Kodaira,  K.; Kato, B.; Ishikawa, B.; Hatl. Inst.
Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Japan

Badioisotopes (HAISAB) 1973, 22(7), 331-7

LEAD; SOILS; CESIOB; STHONTIOS; RADIOACTIVITY;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM; ANALYSIS; RADIOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS; DISTRIBOTION
386
Sorption of Long-Lived Fission Products on Soils
and Clay Minerals

Kokotov, Y.A.; Popova, B.F.; Orbanyok, A.P.

Badiokhimiya 3, 199-206; 1961

SOILS; CLAY; MINERALS; SORPTION; FISSION PBODOCTS
387
Technical Environmental Chemicals Occurrence
Degradation and Consequences

Korte, P.; Klein, H.; Drefahl, B.

Natnrviss Rnndsch 23 (11), UH5-U57; 1970

PERSISTENCE; PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; RECYCLING;
ANIMALS;  PLANTS; HOHANS; OCCORREHCE; DEGRADATION
388
MOVEMENT OP APPLIED ZINC IN SOILS. I. ZINC
MOVEMENT AS AFFECTED BY ITS SOOBCES AND
GRANOLATION HITH FERTILIZER SALTS

Koshino, H.

NIPPON DOJO-HIRYOGAKO ZASSHI (NIDHAX)  1973, 44(6),
217-22; 1973

ZINC; MOBILITY; SOILS; EDTA; SOLFATBS; RAYPLEX;
FERTILIZERS; SALTS
389
Movement of Applied Zinc in Soils. 2. Movement of
Zinc from Zinc Sulfate and zinc-EDTA Applied in
Different Soils

Koshino, S.; Sekizava, S.; Natl. Inst. Agric.
Sci., Tokyo, Japan

Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi (NIDHAX) 1973, 44(7),
257-61; 1973

ZINC; MOBILITY; SOILS; EDTA; SOLFATES
                                                    56

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                                                                                                  390-393
390
Characterization and Qnantitation of the Apo Lipo
proteins fro» Human chyle chylomicrons

Kostner, G.; Holasek, A.

Biochemistry 11  (7). 1972 1217-1223.

HOHARS; DIFFUSION; GEL; PERHBATION; IOR EXCHANGE;
CHROHATOGBAPHT;  POLT ACBTLAHIDE  GE1;
BLECTBOPBOBESIS; IHHOHO BLBCTHOPBOBESIS; iPO-LIPO
PHOTBINS
391
The Three-Phase Equilibria! of Heronry in  Nature

Kothny, E.L.; Air and Industrial  Bygiene
laboratory, State of California Depart lent of
Public Health, 2151 Berkeley  Way,  Berkeley, CA
94704

Part of Kothny, E.L.  (Ed.), Trace  Elements in the
Environment, a Symposium sponsored by  the
Division of Water, Air and Haste Chemistry at the
162nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society,
Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 1971,  (p.  48-80),
149; 1971, September

HERCORt; EQOILIBBIDB; ATBOSPHERE;  BOCKS;
TBANSPIRATIOH; TBGETATIOH; DBT FALLOUT; BAINOOT;
HOHUS; ALLOVIOB; BIOTA; CLAY; PELAGIC  CHGANISBS;
AGGLOHEBATB; SEDIHENTATIOH; NIDOCEANIC CHAIR;
PHYTOPLANKTON; ALGAE; ADSORPTION;  AIR;
DECOHPOSITION

Mercury levels are postulated to be the result of
eguilibrina between.the contents in the
atmosphere, particnlate Batter, and rocks.
Hercury is released into air  by outgassing of
soil, transpiration and decay of vegetation, and
by heating processes.  Host mercury is adsorbed
onto atmospheric particnlate  Batter.   This is
removed from air by dry fallout and rainout.
Hamic material forms complexes which are adsorbed
onto alluvium, and only a small soluble fraction
is taken up by biota.  Small clay  particles and
rainout particles are distributed  throughout the
oceans because of the slov settling speed.
Pelagic organisms         agglomerate  the
Bercury-bearing clay particles, thus promoting
sedimentation and acting as one source for
mercury for the midoceanic chain.  Another source
is the uptake of dissolved mercury by
phytoplankton and algae.
393
Higration of Zinc in the Biosphere in Connection
•ith Bydrochemical Predicting

Kozhara,  V.L.;  Inst. Biol.  Voutr.  Tod. DSSB

Hater. Sovesch. Prognozirovaniyu Soderzh.
Biogennykh Elem. Org. Teshchestva Vodokhren.t
127-35, Edited  by Drachev,  S.R., Inst. Biol
Tnutr. Tod. Akad. Rank SSSB:   Borok,  OSSB;  1969

GBOCHBBISTBI; HIGBATIOB; ZIHC; BIOSPHERE;
BTOBOCHEHICAL PREDICTING; ZIHC CTCLE;
DISTBIBOTION; SOILS; UTILIZATION;  AIB; LIQUID
RASTES

A reviev  with 18 references of Zn cycle in
nature; its distribution in varons soils,
utilization by  industry and hamans, and its
return as airborne and liquid wastes are
discussed. CA 74(11), 246 (Hay 31, 1971)
392
The Effect of Powerplant Haste Tips on
Surrounding Areas.

Kozel, J-; Raly, T.; Research Institute for
Amelioration, Zbraslav, Czechoslovakia

Sclentia Agricnlturae Bohemoslavaca, 4 (3) ,
165-190; 1972

A8SEHIC; LEAD; ZINC; CHBOHIOH; BEBTLLIOH; NICKEL;
COBALT; SOILS; CALCIOH; SOLFATES; PLANTS; SOLFDB;
STOHATA; POHEB PLANTS: INDDSTBIAL HASTE

Soils contaminated by proximity  to the tips
contained more Ca and sulphates  and potentially
toiic quantities of As, Pb, Zn,  Cr, Be, Ni and Co
and had worse physical conditions, particularly
in relation to drainage, than uncontaainated
soils.  Contamination of plants  near the  tips
caused increase in the S and ash contents and
caused blocking of stomata.
                                                   57

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 394-397
 39H
 Content  and  Profile  Distribution  of Trace
 Elements (Zinc,  copper.  Nickel,  and Cadmium)  in
 Holdavian  Soils

 Krupenikov,  I. A.;  Podymov,  B.P.;  Strizhora,  G.P.

 Vopr.  Issled.  i  Ispol'z.  Pochv.  Holdavii
 (Kishinev;  Kartya  Moldovenyaske)  Sb.,  (2),  2U-35;
 196i»

 GEOCHEMISTRY;  CONCENTRATION;  TRACE ELEMENTS;
 ZINC;  COPPER;  NICKEL;  CADHIOH;  SOILS;  FORESTS;
 CHERNOZEH;  SALINITY;  MIGRATION;  ALLUVIAL SOIL;
 SODDY  SOILRATION

 Twenty-two profiles  (to  200 centimeter depth)
 comprising the majority  of  the  soil types in  the
 republic were  studied.   Forest,  chernozem,  saline
 and  soddy-allovial soils were studied.  The
 following  trace  element  contents  were  found
 (parts per Billion):   cadmium 9  to 23,  8 to  25,  3
 to 23, and 3 to  30;  nickel  10 to  29, 19 to  U2.  11
 to 30, and 1<4  to 13;  zinc 18  to  H9, 21  to 8U,  20
 to 5U, and 23  to 98;  respectively in gray and
 brown  forest soils of  the central part; dark-gray
 forest and chernozei  soils  from  the north;
 chernozems in  the  south;  and  compact chernozems,
 soddy  alluvial,  and saline  soils  of different
 regions.   Trace  element  accumulation in the  upper
 horizons was high  in  chernozeis,  especially  in
 leached  and  typical chernozeis  formed  on
 derivatives  of Tertiary  clays.  This is explained
 by the high  trace  eleient content in soil-foriing
 rocks  and  the  high absolute age  of chernozeis.
 Younger  licellar ordinary carbonate and
 xerophyte-forest chernozeis had  less trace
 eleient  content  and their accumulation  in the
 upper  horizons was also  less.  A  correlation  was
 found  between  the  trace  eleient content (chiefly
 zinc and nickel) and the texture  of the soil and
 soil-foriing rocks; zinc and  nickel contents were
 higher in  thick  argillaceous  chernozei  on
 original clay  (U1  to 53  and 1U  to 30 parts  per
 •illion) than  in heavy loaiy  chernozei  on
 loess-like loae  (10 to 30 and 11  to 17  parts  per
 Million) .  The saie correlation was not observed
 for copper and cadiiui.   Bore than half of  the
 trace  elements were concentrated  in the silt
 fractions of chernozeis.  Characteristic features
 of co«pact chernozeis are:  high capper  (69-81
 parts  per lillion), soietiies high cacliini  (11-22
 parts  per million), low  zinc  (30  to 42  parts per
 million)  and low nickel  (1V to 21 parts per
 million).  In gray and brown  forest soils trace
 elements accumulated in  the uppermost  part of the
 profile and  in the alluvial horizon.
 Soddy-alluvial meadow soils from  the southern
 part of Moldavia contain  much more trace elements
 than  chernozems  in neighboring watershed areas;
 hence,  the flood plain can  be considered as a
 kind of geocheiical barrier to the migration of
 trace  elements from the dry land to the sea.  The
 profile distribution of trace elements  reflected
 the stratification of soddy alluvial soils.
 Beadow-chernozem solonchak has a high  trace
 element content compared  with other soils.  The
 soils  are arranged in the following order in
 respect to trace element  reserves:  leached and
typical chernozems greater than soddy-alluvial
meadow  soils greater than gray and brown forest
 soils greater than  micellar ordinary and
carbonate chernozems.
395
Effect of Adaptation of Thiobacillus  Ferrooxidans
to a Copper-Arsenic-Tin Concentrate on  the
Arsenic Leaching Bate

Kulebakin, V.G.; Laptev, S.P.

Sb. Tr., Tsent. Nauch.-Issled. Inst.  Olovyan.
Prom.  (D8BBYC)  , No. 1, 75-76;  1971

ARSENIC; LEACHING; COPPER; TIN; THIOBACILLOS:
FERROOZIDANS
396
Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate  on  Mobility
of Radioactive Isotopes of Strontiui,  Cesiui  and
of Soie Other Eleients in Soil

Kulikov, N.7.; Ural. Fil. Akad. Nauk,  Inst.
Biol., OSSR

Eochvovedenie, 6, 79-83; 1965

COBALT 60; ZINC 65; IRON; CALCIUM «5;  STRONTIUM
90; RUTHENIUM 106; ZIRCONIUM 95; CBSIOB  137;
CHELATION; PLANT UPTAKE; ADSORPTION; SOILS;
CHERNOZEM; RADIOISOTPES

In laboratory experiments with leadow  chernozemic
soil, Na2EDTA sharply decreased sorption  of Co
60, Zn 65, Y 91 and Fe 59 by soil, decreased
socption of Ca U5, Sr 90, Zr 95 and Hu 106 to a
lesser extent and did not decrease sorption of Cs
137.  In a pot experiment EDTA greatly increased
the concentration (dry-weight basis) of Co 60 in
vetch and in the soil filtrate, possibly
increased mobility of Ru 106 somewhat, but had no
effect on the mobility of Sr 90 and Cs 137.
Co-EDTA was stable in soil.
397
Influence of Certain Complexons on Radioisotope
Sorption by Soil

Kolikov, N.7.

Tr. Inst. Ekol. Rast. Zhivotn., 61, 21-25;  1968

STRONTIUM;  COBALT; ZINC; CADMIUM; CBHIOM;
HOTHENIOH;  CALCIOS; SOILS; RADIOISOTOPES;
ADSOBPTIOH; CESIUM; CHBLATION

The greatest efficiency for reducing the sorption
by the soil of radioisotopes of cobalt,  zinc,
cadmium, cerium, and ruthenium was obtained with
ED1A and DTPA, and calcium and strontium—BDBIP
and DTPA.  All of the chelates were ineffective
for the radioisotopes of rubidium, silvers, and
cesium.  EDTA and DTPA are of interest for
further study under growing conditions and also
in field experiments with the purpose of
increasing the migration capability of cobalt,
zinc, cadmium, cerium, and ruthenium isotopes in
more complex soil-solution-plant.  (tr-Auth)
                                                    58

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                                                                                                  398-406
398
Movement of Chemicals in  Soils  by vater

Kurtz, L.T.; Belsted, S.S.;  Agronomy  Departient,
University of Illinois, Orbana,  Illinois

Soil Sci., 115(3),  231-239;  1973

ADSOHPTIOII; BIBLIOGRAPHY;  CHBSICAL ANALYSIS;
LEACHING; LEACHATES; RETTED;  SOILS; RATER;
LANDFILLS; IONS; SALTS; BOVEBENT

Experimental methods of detection for the
waterborne movement of salts  and  ions through
soils are reviewed.  The  relation to  the chemical
and physical condition of the soils is examined.
403
Heavy-Hetal Contamination of Soils

Lagerwerff, J.V.

Part of Agriculture and the Quality of our
Environment,  (Brady, N.C., ed.). Am. Ass. Adv.
Sci., washingotn, 343-364; 1967

COPPBB; ZINC; BANGANESE; NICKEL; ALOBINUS;
BEBCURI; CADBIOB; LEAD; HEAVY BETALS; SOILS

Soil contamination with Cu, Zn, On, Hi, Al, Hg,
Cd and Pb is discussed.  (101 references.)
399
Growth Injury of Crops  by  Heavy  Betals.  2.  Effect
of Control of Irrigation and  Drainage  on
Absorption of Cadmium by Rice Plant

Kusaka, S.; Ohtani, R.; Iiai,  T.;  Zikihara,  T.;
Ryogo Prefect. Agric. Exp. Stn.,  Akashi,  Japan

Chugokn Hogyo Kenkyn (CHNKAH)  1972,  (44)  26-9;  1972

CADHIOH; RICE; SOILS; FLOODING;  CROPS; PLAHTS;
UPTAKE; SOIL HOISTOBE;  BOISTUHE
404
Lead Bercury and Cadmium as Environmental
Contaminants

Lagerwerff, J.V.

Part of Bortvedt, J.J., P. B. Giordano and R.L.
Lindsay (Ed.).   Bicronntrients in Agriculture.
Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Muscle Shoals,
Alabama, April 20-22,  1971. Soil Science Society
of America, Inc.; Badison, His., D.S.A. 1972  (p.
593-636) 666p.; 1972

BEA7T BETALS; LEAD; BERCOBI; SOILS; CADBIOB;
AGBICOLTUBE; BICHONOTRIENTS
400
Geochemistry of Amino Acid Enantiomers.   Gas
Chromatography of Their Diastereomeric
Derivatives.

Kvenvolden. K.O.; Peterson,  E.;  Pollock,  G.E.;
Ames Besearch Center, NASA,  Boffett  Field,
California

Part of Advances in Organic  Geochemistry,
Proceedings of Pish International  fleeting.  Von
Gaertner, H.R.,  (ed.).  Pergamon Press, Oxford,
England  (387-U01) ; 1972

AHIHO ACIDS; DIASTEBEOBER CHBOHATOGRAPHT;  SOILS;
SEDIBEHTS; BETEORITE; GEOCHESISTBI
1401
Ecological Study of Arsenic  Pollution  in  the
Environment of an Ore Processing  Plant

Laamanen, A.; Institute of Occupational Health,
Helsinki, Finland

Work; Environ. Health, 9(1), 40-43;  1972

ARSENIC; ORE PROCESSING PLANTS; SBELTERS; COPPER;
QBE; SOILS; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

The maximum arsenic concentrations were found
8-12 km from the copper-ore  smelters.
405
Uptake of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by Radish-D
frcm Soil and Air

Lagerwerff, J.V.

Soil Sci. 111 (2), 129-133; 1971

UPTAKE; CADMIOB; LEAD; ZINC; RADISH-D; ATOBIC
ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETHI;  TBANSLOCATION;
SOILS; AIR
406
Uptake of Lead by Alfalfa and Corn From Soil and
Air

Lagerwerff, J.V.; Armiger, B.H.; Specht, A.M.

Soil Sci., 115(6), 455-60; 1973

LEAD; PLANTS; SOILS; CORN; ALFALFA; PLANT OPTAKE;
BETABOLISB

Studies on the lead uptake by corn and alfalfa in
a greenhouse revealed that the heavier pB fallout
inside the greenhouse than outside vas reflected
by the Pb absorption in the plants.  The higher
deposit of Pb inseide the greenhouse vas due to
lead-containing.  Paint wearing off the window
frames.  The plant parts in the lower plant
section distinctly reflected increases in soil Pb
content.
402
An Occurrence of Naturally Lead Poisoned Soil at
Kastad Near Gjovik Norway

Lag, J.R.; Hvatum, O.o.; Bolviken, B.

Nor Geol Dnders  (266). 1969  141-159.

OCCURRENCE; LEAD; SOILS
                                                    59

-------
 407-414
 107
 Accumulation  of  Cadmium, Copper,  Lead  and  Zinc  in
 Soil  and  Vegetation  in  the  Proximity of a  Shelter

 Lagerwerff, J.V.:  Bower, D.L.;  Beicsdorf,  G.T.;
 Agricultural  Environmental  Quality  Institute,
 Agricultural  Research Service,  O.S. Department  of
 Agriculture,  Beltsville, Maryland

 Part  of Hemphi 11,  D.D.(Ed.|,  Trace  Substances  in
 Environmental Health -  VI,  June  13-15, 1972,
 University of Missouri   Columbia,  Columbia, HO,
 (p.  71-79) 399  p.;  1972

 CADMIUM;  COPPER; LEAD;  ZINC;  SOILS; VEGETATION;
 SMELTERS; PLANTS;  ANALYSIS; PB

 Soil  and  plant  samples  vere collected  along
 northeast-southwest  and northwest-southeast
 transects crossing at the site  of a smelter, and
 between transects.   The concentrations of  Cd,  Cu,
 Pb and  Zn in  soils and  plants decreased with
 increasing distance  from the  snelter,  indicating
 the  possible  location of the  source. Analysis  of
 the  soil  profile estabished a negative
 relationship  between metal concentration and
 depth.   This  suggests an aerial origin of  the
 contamination.   Soil samples  were also collected
 in enclosed spaces under houses (protected soil),
 as well as around  these houses  (unprotected
 soil).  The average ratios between the  metal
 concentrations  in  the 0-20 ci layers of
 unprotected soil and comparable metal
 concentrations  in  the protected soil are 7.0 for
 cadniun,  2.9  for copper, 2.0  for  manganese, 2.3
 for  lead  and  0.8 for zinc.  These values serve  as
 a general measure  depicting the metal
 accumulation  in  the  exposed soil.   Coupled  with
 the low pH, it  indicates a deterioration of the
 quality of the soil  in  a region with a high
 native  metal  background  level.
 408
 Exchange  Adsorption of Trace Quantities of
 Cadmium Soils Treated with Chlorides of Aluminum,
 Calcium and Sodium

 Lagerwerff, J.V.; Brower, D.L.

 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36, 731-737; 1972

 EZCBANGE; ADSOBPTION; CADMIDH; SOILS; CBLORIDSS;
 ALUMINUM CHLORIDES; CALCIUM CHLORIDES; SODIUM
 CHLORIDES
409
Exchange Adsorption or Precipitation of Lead in
Soils Treated with Chorides of Aluminum, Calcium,
and Sodium

Lagerwerff, J.V.; Brower, D. L.; Natl. Agric. Bes.
Cent., Agric Res. Serv., Beltsville, SD

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8) . 37(1),
11-13; 1973

ADSORPTION; PRECIPITATION; LBAD; EXCHANGE; SOILS;
CHLORIDES; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM;  SODIOM
410
Contamination of Roadside Soil and  Vegetation
with Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and  Zinc

Lagerwerff, J.V.; Specht, A.U.

Environ. Sci. and Tech. 583-586  (July  1970);  1970

ROADSIDE; VEGETATION; CADMIUM; NICKEL;  LEAD;
ZINC; SOILS
411
The Transport of Cations in Soil Columns at
Different Pore Velocities

Lai, S.B.; Jnrinak, J.J.

Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(5), 730-733; 1972

FLOH; ION CHBOHATOGHAPHI; RETENTION; TRANSPORT;
CATIONS; SOIL COLUMNS; PORE VELOCITIES
412
The Effect of Liming on the Adsorption and
Exchange characteristics of Trace Elements in
Soils

Lakanen, E.

Acta Agric. Scand., 17, 131-139; 1967

LIMING; ADSOBPTION; SOILS; PB; MANGANESE; ZINC;
LEAD; NICKEL; COBALT; MOLTBDENOfl; STROHTIOH;
TRACE ELEMENTS

In a long-term pot experiment liming of acid
soils decreased acid NB40Ac-extractable Mn, Zn,
Pb, Co, Ni, Co and Ho, and increased adsorption
of Co 60, Zn 65 and Sr 89.  Extractability of Co
60, Zn 65 and Sr 89 decreased at low pB and
increased above pB 7.
413
Heavy Local Lead Contamination in Southern
Finland.  Preliminary Beport

Lakanen, E.; Ervio, R.

Ann. Agric. Fenn., 10(3), 114-118; 1972

SHOW; SMELTERS; TRAFFIC; SOILS; ANALTSIS; PLANTS;
LEAD
414
Selenium Accumulation in Soils and its Absorption
by Plants and Animals

Lakin, H.; U.S. Geol. Snrv., Denver, Colo.

Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., 83(1), 173-81; 1972

GBOCBBHISTBT; ACCUMULATION; SOILS; ABSORPTION;
PLANTS; ANIMALS

A review. Environmental Se contamination is
increasing and should remain below hazardous
levels.
                                                    60

-------
                                                                                                  415-420
U15
Selenium in Oar Environment

Lakin, H.B.; O.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO


Part of Kothney, B.L. (Bd.). Trace Elements in
the Environment, a Symposium sponsored by the
Division of Rater, Air,  and Haste Chemistry at
the 162nd Heeting of the 1 •erican Chemical
Society, Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 1971,
American Cheiical Society, iashington, D.C., (p.
96-131) 1«9 p.

SBLEHIOH; VOLCAHIC EBARATIONS; BETALLIC SDLPIDES;
BIOLOGICAL SINKS; BLACK SHALES; COAL; PBTROLEOH;
SELENIPEBOOS BLACK SHALES; SELES IFBBOUS SOILS;
ANIHALS; PDELS; SOILS; VOLCANO

The primary sources of selenium are volcanic
emanations and metallic snlfides associated with
igenous activity,  seleninmcondary sources are
biological sinks in which it has accumulated.
The selenium content of black shales, coal, and
petroleum is 10-20 times the crostal abundance
(0.05 ppm).  Seleniferons black shales are the
parent materials of the widespread seleniferoos
soils of the western plains of the United States.
When burned, coal and petroleum containing
selenium give rise to a redistribution of
particalate selenium and SeO2. The average
selenium content of O.S. coal is about 3 ppm and
of petroleum about 0.2 ppm.  Selenium is an
essential nutrient for animals and is reguired at
a concentration of about 40 ppb in their diet; at
concentrations of 4000 ppb and above, however, it
becomes toxic to animals.
416
Fixation of Copper by Soils in the Presence of
EDTA

Lai, S.; De, S.K.

J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 19(2), 1971, 185-188

FIXATION; COPPEB; SOILS; EDTA
417
Adsorption of Copper by Soils in Aqueous fledia at
Different Temperatures

Lai, S.; De, S.K.; Chandra, S.; Oniv. Allahabad,
India

Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenk 128  (1). 1971 54-62.;
1971

AO.UEOOS HEDIA; COPPEB; COPPEB SOLFATE; NITBOGEH;
CARBON; HAGHESIOH; OXTGEN; ADSOBPTIOH; SOILS; PB;
SILT LOAH;: ENDOTHEHHIC BEACTIOR; LOAN; SILT

The investigated soils (pH 6.7-7.2 and 8.5-8.6,
CEC 27.2-24.5 and 26.2-20 meg/100 g, to 12-18
inches depth in the profile)  showed rather high
Cu2 + fixation from CuS04; the fixation was
higher in loam, than in silt loam, was an
endothermic reaction accompanied by a decrease in
the resultant pB, generally increased with depth,
and was affected by various factors such as pH,
B2O3, MgO and exchangeable Hg, and C/N ratio.
418
Movement and Sorption of Chemicals Applied to the
Soil

Lambert, S.H.; Porter, P.E.; Schieferstein, B.E.

Heeds, 13, 185; 1965

ROVEHERT; SOBPTIOR; SOILS
419
Dynamics
Acid
of Interaction of Cations and Fulvic
Lang ford, C.H.; Gamble, D.S.; Department of
Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada; Soil Besearch Institute, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Part of International Conference on Transport of
Persistent Chemicals in Aguatic Ecosystems,
Ottawa, Canada, Ray 1-3, 1974, University of
Ottawa, Rational Besearch Council Laboratories,
Rational Besearch Council of Canada, Environment
Canada, p. 24

HETAL IONS; SEDIHEHTS; TBARSPOBT; FOLVIC ACID;
EBVIEi; IONIC THEOBT; BINDING; KINETICS;
POLTELECTROLTTE; SODBL; LIGARDS; AHALISIS; IBON;
SPECTBOSCOPT; CATIONS; IONS

Betal ions may accumulate in sediments as basic
complexes.  Agneous transport involves the
related soluble fnlvic acid complexes.  Such
complexes have been speculatively designated
•non-labile*.  Some relevant highlights of the
theory of metal complex lability and binding
properties of fulvic acid are reviewed.
Subsequently, the first experimental study of
kinetics of binding of a metal ion to a well
characterized fulvic acid is reported.  The metal
ion is Fe(3+), the fulvic acid a polyelectrolyte
of apparent mw approximately 900 vith
approximately 3 m eg of phenolic sites ortho to
carboxyl groups per gram. The rate of binding is
similar to that for the simple model ligand
sulfosalicylic acid.  The experiments were
carried out using stopped flow kinetic
spectroscopy.  This technigue has interesting
potential application for a molecular species
specific metal ion analysis scheme illustrated.
420
Controls on the Amounts of Pollutants in
Subsurface Raters

Langmuir, D.

Earth and Mineral Sciences, 42(2),  9-16; 1972,
November

BIOCONVEBSION; DEGBADATION; GASES;  GEOLOGY;
LANDFILLS; LEACHING;  LEiCHATES; BINE SHAFTS;
BEVIER; SOILS; ONDEBGBOUND AQUIFERS; MATER

An brief review of the scientific problems
involved in a study of the pollution of
underground aguifers by leachates from domestic
landfill sites.
                                                    61

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 421-428
 121
 Adaptation of an Activated Sludge to the
 Purification of an Industrial Effluent

 Le Ral, P.; Buatois, J.;  Peny, J.; Fontanges,

 Trib Cebedeau (Cent Belg  Etud Doc Eaux Air)
 26(351), 78-89; 1973

 HICROFLOBA; PHENOL; DIMETHYL SULFOIIDB;
 DE6BAD&TIOH; IMDOSTBY; SLUDGE
 422
 Factors Affecting the Transfer of Materials
 Between Hater and Sediments

 Lee, G.F.; Water Chemistry Program, University of
 Wisconsin, Hadison,  Wisconsin

 Literature Review So. 1,  University of Wisconsin,
 Water Resources Center,  Eutrophication
 Info nation Program;  July 1970

 WATER; SEDIMENTS; EXCHANGE REACTIONS;
 HYDRODYNAMICS;  BATE;  EXCHANGE

 This paper attempts  to show in a general way the
 factors that lay be  involved in various kinds of
 exchange reactions between waters and  sediients.
 Basically, the  exchange  reactions have been
 broken down into physical control, where
 hydrodynamics plays  the  important part in
 determining the rate of  exchange, and  biological
 and chemical control, where the processes
 bringing the material onto or from the surface of
 the solid play  the important role.  Knowledge of
 exchange reactions and the factors influencing
 them appears to be eitremely meager.  In fact, it
 is almost impossible to  Bake any predictions
 about the magnitude  or rate of exchange for any
 species in a system,  that has not been
 investigated.   Hopefully, current research  in
 this area will  help  to eliminate this  deficiency
 in knowledge within  a few years.
 423
 Lead  Pollution  from  a  Factory  Manufacturing
 Anti-Knock  Compounds

 Lee,  J.A.

 Nature  (LOND),  238,  165-166;  1972

 GROUND  LAYER; BFYOPHYTES;  LEAD;  ANTIKNOCK
 COMPOUNDS;  FACTORY
 424
 Priority of Concern Ranking  System for Land
 Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

 Lee , R . E.

 Masters Thesis, University of Louisville, Speed
 Scientific School, Louisville, KY, 128 p.;  1972

 LAND DISPOSAL; WASTES; DISPOSAL
425
Numerical Simulation of Water Quality in Coastal
Waters and Estuaries

Leendertse, J.J.; Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA

Part of 1970 IEEE International Conference on
Engineering in the Ocean Environment, Digest of
Technical Papers, Vol. 1, Winner, L. (Ed.),
253-4; 1970, September
WATER; WATER QUALITY; ESTUARIES; MODEL;  COMPUTER
SIMULATION; WASTE DISCHARGES; TIDES;  DISSOLVED
OXYGEN; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; SALINITY;
COLIFORM BACTERIA; SEA HATER

Assessment of the influence of waste  discharges
in estuaries in necessary for water quality
management in these waters.  The model described
here was developed for well-mixed estuaries  and
coastal seas in which salinity distributions  at
any point are uniform over the vertical.
Hell-mixed regions generally occur when
considerable tidal flow exists together  with  a
limited flow of fresh water.  The dispersion  of
the fluid waste is caused mainly by the  tidal
flow, and conseguently a model was developed  for
computation of the flow and time-varying water
levels in the region which is considered.  Because
the tide stage influences the location of  the
water's edge in the tidal flats, which in  turn
affects the surface area of the estuary  and the
cross sections to a considerable extent, these
functional relationships were also included in
the model.  The different constituents of  the
fluid waste can react with each other or with
natural substances in the water; thus a  reaction
model in included.  The water temperature  and
solar radiation influence the reaction rates,
while the exchange of gases at the water surface
depends on wind and waves.  The functional
relationships are not known exactly and  must  be
found from the adjustment of the model using
field measurements.  The•model is now being
evaluated and adjusted for conditions in Jamaica
Bay under contract with the City of New  York.
426
Utilization and Disposal of Municipal,
Industrial, and Agricultural Processing Wastes

Leep, R.; Traynor, H.F.; Knezek, B.D.

Progr. Rept., Rich. State Univ., Agri. Expt.
Sta.; 1973

DISPOSAL; MUNICIPAL WASTES; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS;
AGRICULTURAL WASTES;  WASTES; INDUSTRIAL WASTES
427
Reactions of Heavy Metals with Soils With Special
Regard to Their Application in Sewage Waste

Leeper, G.W.

Dept of Army Corp. of Bngr., Special Contract
Report of Contract No. DACW73-73-C-0026, 70p.;
1972

HEAVY METALS; SOILS; SEWAGE; WASTES
428
Armeria-D on a Copper dine in Wales and on a Zinc
Lead Bine in the Pyrenees

Lefebvre, C.

Bull Soc R Bot Belg 105 (1). 1972 207-212.

METALS; TOLERANCE; MORPHOLOGY; SOILSr BINES;
COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; HUMANS
                                                    62

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                                                                                                  429-434
429
Trace-Element Removal from Sevage Effluent by
Soil Filtration

Lehman, G.S.; Wilson, L.G.; Dep. Watershed
Manage., Oniv. Arizona, Tucson, Iriz.

Water Re sour. Res., 7(1), 90-9; 1971

TRACE ELEHEHTS; WATER; SBWAG1; GEOCHEMISTRY;
REMOVAL; SEWAGE EFFLUENTS; SOIL FILTRATION;
GRAVEL; CONCENTRATION; IRON; MANGANESE; NICKEL;
COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; CADMIUM; PERCOLATION;
CALCAREOUS SOILSS (S) 9SILTS; SANDS39SILT; SAND;
SILTS; SANDS; PINE GRAYEL; AEROBIC: MIGRATION;
SOILS; FILTRATION

The concentrations of iron, manganese, nickel,
copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in a domestic
sewage effluent were effectively reduced daring
percolation through approximately 8 feet of
material in lysimeters containing calcareous
soil, mostly silt, sand, and fine gravel.
Strontium concentrations were not reduced by
filtration.  Intermittent application of sewage
is much more desirable than continuous
application for trace metal filtration.  Cations
are immobilzed by oxidation, thus maintenance of
an aerobic environment is essential for reducing
trace metal translocation. CA 74 (12), 305  (1971)
430
Removal of Cations Prom Leachate by Interaction
with Subsurface Soils

Leighton, I.W.; Blanc, F.C.; Solid Haste
Management Branch Environmental Protection
Agency, Boston, HA; Department of Civil
Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, HA

Boston Soc. of Civil Engineers, 60(4), 145-164;
1973

LEACHATE; LANDFILLS; SOILS; SODIDH; POTASSIUM;
CALCIUR; IRON; MAGNESIUM

This investigation was conducted in order to
determine the magnitude of cation removal from
leachate provided by soils under a landfill.  The
interaction of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron,
and magnesium cations in leachate with a soil was
examined for eight Massachusetts soils in
laboratory soil column experiements.  Removal
capacities for the various soil types were
developed based on the soil column experiments.
The removal values ranged from 3.8
millieguivalents to 31.1 milliequivalents per 100
grams of dry soil.  Shaker tests were used to
verify the soil column experiments.
431
Mercury in the Environment.  A Global Review
Including Recent Studies in the Delaware Bay
Region

Lepple, F.K.; Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of
Marine Studies

Report No. DEL-SG-8-73; Monitoring Agency Bept.
No. NOAA-73040201; Contract HOAA-3-35223; 76 p.
1973. March

REVIEW; MERCURY POISONING; MEHCOBY; ANALYSIS;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; COAL;: FLOX HATE; SAMPLING;
WATER; ANIMALS: AIR; TOLERANCE; ATMOSPHERE;
BIOSPHERE: LITHOSPHERE; HYDROSPHERE; FLUX
The first section of this two-part report reviews
basic properties of mercury and its compounds as
related to their effect on various facets of the
environment.  Among the topics discussed are the
chemical forms and hazards of mercury, incidents
of mercury contamination, governmental standards
and tolerance limits, levels of mercury in the
atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and
hydrosphere, and the flux through each segment.
The reality of the 'mercury problem' globally and
locally is evaluated.  A comprehensive review of
the accepted methods of analyses for mercury and
its compounds is also presented.  The second
section reports on recent studies of mercury
levels in the Delaware Bay Region and compares
the concentrations found in the waters and
sediments to values from other areas.
432
Partlculate and Soluble Agents Affecting the
Relation Between Metal Toxicity and Organism
Survival in the Calanoid Copepod Euchaeta Japonica

Lewis, A.G.; Rhitefield, P.H.; Ramnarine, A.;
Institute of Oceanography, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

Mar. Biol.  (HBIOAJ), 17(3), 215-21; 1972

COPPER; DIATOMS; ASCORBIC ACID; HDHIC ACIDS;
COPEPODS; CLAY; SEA iATER

Diatoms and clay mineral particles added to
copper enriched seawater were effective in
reducing the toxic effects of copper to E.
JAPONICA. Ascorbic acid sewage effluent, and
water extracts of humic acid and two types of
soils were also effective in regulating the
effect of trace metals in this organism.
water-soluble agents that were beneficial to
survival in copper enriched water were compared
with the effect of synthetic etiolating agent to
gualify the activity of the agents.
433
Soil Organic Matter-Metal Complexes.  IV. Nature
and Properties of Exchange sites

Lewis, T.E.; Broadbent, F.E.

Soil Sci.,  91, 393-399; 1961

SOILS; ORGANIC NATTER; METALS; EXCHANGE; COMPLEXES
434
Behavior of Zinc Sulfate as Poliar Applications
and as Soil Applications in Some New Jersey Soils

Leyden, R.F.;  Toth, S.J.

Soil Sci.,  89, 223-228; 1960

SOILS; ZINC SOLFATE;  ZINC;  SULFATES; FOLIAGE;
PLANTS
                                                    63

-------
435-440
 435
 Migration  of Copper  and  Zinc  in  a Soil-later
 System

 Lifshits,  G.H.;  Abros'kina, S.A. ; Stanislavskaya,
 T.lt.;  Pilevskaya,  K.B.

 Zap. Voronezh.  Sel'skokhoz. Inst., 40.  103-11;
 1969

 SOILS;  WATER;  ORGANIC HATTER;  GEOCHEfllSTRT;
 MIGRATION;  COPPEB; ZINC;  TRACE ELEMENTS;  PB

 in attempt  vas  made  to determine the character of
 copper  and  zinc migration fro* air-dry  soil
 (noDcoasted) and soil, roasted at 450-500 degree,
 and  thus determine indirectly the effect  of
 organic substance on the degree  cf trace  elements
 froi soil  into  natural waters.  The extractions
 vere made  by doable  distilled vater and
 guaternary  fonation water.   The maximum
 extraction  of  copper and zinc occurred  during 24
 hours  at 30 minute intervals  between stirring.
 The  increase in contact  of soil  water to  72 hours
 solewhat decreased the content of trace elements
 in extractions  which was caused  by
 adsorption-colloidal processes.  The stable
 equilibrium was established during further
 exposure for less than 110 hours.  This was not
 observed for roasted soils where copper and zinc
 contents remained constant.   This stabilization
 of equilibrium  was possibly caused by an  absence
 in roasted  soil of organic substance and
 substances  promoting formation of colloids.
 Chemical processes,  which occurred in water
 reservoirs  and  resulted  in accumulation of
 organic substances,  effected  changes in redox
 potential  in the near bottom  layer promoting
 transfer in soluble  state of  some copper  and zinc
 compounds.  Decrease in  extraction degree of
 copper  and  zinc by formation  water with increased
 time was caused probably by increase in pH and
 total mineral content.   Contents of copper and
 zinc in extractions  from  roasted soils  were lover
 by a factor of  nearly 2.
 436
 Environmental Levels of Radioactivity in
 Livermore Valley Soils

 Lindeken, C.L.; Gnidiksen, P.B.; Headows, J.w.;
 Hamby, K.O.; Anspangh, L.R.

 Report Ho. CONF-730603-3; Monitoring Agnecy Bept.
 Ho.  18 16 Apr 73, 16 p.;  1973, April 16

 ABERICIDH 241; 8ISHOTH 214; CBSIOH 137;
 DIFFUSION; FALLOUT DEPOSITS: GAHHA SOURCES;
 GASEOOS BASTES; LEAD 212; NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY;
 POTASSIUM 40; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL;
 RADIONOCLIDE MIGRATION; STACK DISPOSAL; STBOMTIOH
 90; RADIATION HORITORIHG; SOILS; PLOTONIOR 239;
 PLOTOHI0H 238

 FOR ABSTRACT, SEE USA 28 05, NUMBER 10871.
436
Inorganic Phase Eguilibria of  Micronutrients  in
Soils

Lindsay, H.L.

Part of in Mlcronntrients in Agriculture,  Soil
Sci. Soc. Amer., Inc., 677 South Segoe Road,
Madison, Hisconsin  53711, p.  41-57;  1972

EQUILIBRIUM; MICRONUTHIENTS; SOILS
439
Eguilibrium Relationships of Solid Phase Lead
Compounds in Soils

Lindsay, U.L.; Department of Agronomy, Colorado
State Dniversity, Fort Collins, CO  80521

Presented at the 1973 Joint Annual Meeting of  the
American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science
Society of America, and Soil Science Society of
America, Held at Las Vegas, Nevada, November
11-16, 1973

SOLUBILITY; SOILS; LEAD; IONIC SPECIES; MOLECULAR
SPECIES; LEAD COMPOUNDS; EQUILIBRIUM

A solubility diagram was developed to show the
equilibrium levels of lead (2 plus) that can be
maintained in soils by various lead compounds
including PbO, PB304, PbO2, PbSO4, Pb3(PO4)2,
PbCO3, PbHoO4, PbO.PbSOt, etc.  The ionic and
molecular species of lead in soil solutions of
different pB are also considered.  The effects of
S04, C02, redox potential, and phosphate
potential on lead solubility are included.
Experimental studies were made in which various
lead salts were reacted with soils for periods up
to 30 days.  Other experimental variables
included soil pB, sulfate, phosphate, carbon
dioxide, and redox potential. Measurements of  pB,
lead (2 plus), and total lead in solution were
made on the solution phases.  The solubility
diagram was found useful in interpreting the
reactions of lead in soils and pointing out the
fallacies often encountered when lead reactions
are considered as merely adsorption or exchange
reactions.
440
The Physics-Chemical Equilibrium of Metal
Chelates in Soils and Their Influence on the
Availability of Ricronutrient Cations

Lindsay, B.L.; Hodgson, J.F.; Morvell, S.A.

Int. Soc. Soil Sci., Trans. Comm. II, IV
(Aberdeen, Scotland),  (305-316); 1967

HETALS; CHELATES; SOILS; AVAILABILITY;
HICBOMDTBIENTS; CATIONS; PBYSICAL EQUILIBRIUM;
EQUILIBRIUM; CBEBICAL EQUILIBRIUM
437
Influence of the Soil Matrix on the Availability
of Trace Elements to Plants

Lindsay, H.L.

Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.. 199, 37-45; 1972

SOIL MATRIX; PLANTS; TRACE ELEMENTS; AVAILABILITY
                                                    64

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                                                                                                  441-447
441
Equilibrium Relationships of Zn2+, Fe3*. Ca24,
and H+ with EOT A and DTP* in Soils

Lindsay, R.L. ; Horvell. ».A.

Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 33, 62-68;  1969

CHELATES; SOILS; PH; Zinc; IROH; CALCIUH;
HYDROGEN IONS; BDTA; DTPA

Stability diagrams (mole-fraction diagrams) are
derived foe the chelates in soil when competing
cations ace either Fe * Ca and H or  Zn « Fe » Ca
and B; the diagrams show the specific
metal-llgand complexes f on ing in the soil as
veil as changes in the concentration of each
complex with a change in pH.  Evidence is
presented showing that Zn2+ reacts with amorphous
Si02 to for* ZnSiC03; this product may account
for the low solubility of Zn2» in soils (about 50
ppb and 0.005 ppb at pB 6 and 8. respectively) .
442
A Theory on the Bass Transport of Previously
Distributed Chelicals in a Hater Saturated
Sorbing Porous Medium:  Isothermal Cases

Lindstrom, F.T.; Boersma, L.; Stockard, D.;
Oregon State University, Corvallis

Soil Science, 112(5), 291-300; 1971

BODSL; MASS TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT; SORBTIOH  MODEL;
FREONDLICB ISOTH8HB; SURFACE CONCENTRATIONS;
LANGBOIR EQUATION

Three models are considered. The first uses a
special case of the Freundlich isotheri, the
second a time-dependent sorbtion model
(first-order kinetic type) and the third model
also takes into account the changing surface
concentrations.
443
Cadmium Dptake by wheat fro* Sewage Sludge Osed
as a Plant Nutrient Source

Linnman, L.; Andersson, A.; Nilsson, K.O.; Llnd,
B.; Kjellstrom, T.; Friberg, L.

Arch. Environ. Health, 27(1), 45-47; 1973, July

ADSORPTIOH; CADRIOH; ANALYSIS; CROPS; FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION; FOOD CHAINS; SBRAGE; SLODGE
TREATMENT: SOILS; BBBAT; UPTAKE; PLANTS; RESIDUE

Atomic absorption and neutron activation analysis
of cadmium in wheat showed that increased levels
resulted from the use of sewage sludge as a
fertilizer.
445
A Survey of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium in Soil and
natural Vegetation Around A SBelting Coiplei

Little, P.; Martin, H.B.; Botany Dept.,
University of Bristol, Great Britain

Environmental Pollution, 3, 241-54; 1972

ZINC; LEAD; CADMIOH; SOILS; LEAVES; PLANTS;
PROSPECTING; DOSTS; AIR; PAHTICOLATES; ATONIC
ABSORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOSETHY; ELD; BARTBOBR;
COHCENTRATION; DPTAKB; FOLIAB APPLICATION;
SHELTERS; TREES

Analysis of samples of leaves and soil collected
in the Avonmouth area of Severnside shows the
distribution of airborne zinc, lead and cadmium
to be strongly affected by prevailing wind
conditions.  Levels of zinc, lead, and cadmium in
elm leaves collected in October 1971 range from
8000, 5000 and 50 parts per million dry matter
respectively close to a smelting complex, to
values of about 200, 100 and less than 0.25 parts
per million respectively at distances of 10 to 15
kilometers from the factory.  It is clear that
considerable contamination of the natural
vegetation has occurred, and is occurring, in
this area.  The authors conclude that the dust
settled on the leaves and on the soil, with
falling leaves and washed material from the
leaves also adding to the soil.  The
concentration in the soil was greater in wooded
areas and in the immediate surface (0-6 cm).
Other work has shown that leaf concentrations as
high as found caused reduced yield or toxicity
symptoms.  They explain the lack of such symptoms
by the zinc and lead being in particulate form
and perhaps inert.  They did conclude that most
of the lead remained as a superficial deposit on
the leaves while some of the zinc and cadmium
penetrated into the leaves.
446
Chemical and Physical Behavior of Copper in
Organic Soils

Lucas, R.E.

Soil Sci., 66, 119-129; 1948

COPPER; SOILS; ORGANIC SOILS; CBBBISTRY



447
The Availability and Fixation of Copper in
Swedish Soils

Lundblad, K.; Svanberg, 0.; Ekman, P.

Plant 6 Soil 1, 277-302; 1949

AVAILABILITY: FIIATION; COPPER; SOILS
444
Trace Hetals in Soils, Plants, and Animals

Lisk, D.J.

Adv.  in Agronomy 24, 268-325; 1972

TRACE ELEHENTS; HETALS; SOILS; PLANTS; ANIMALS;
REVIEW
                                                     65

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 448-454
 Some Aspects of the Determination and
 Distribution of Zinc

 Lnndergardh, P.H.

 Sweden Lantbruks Hogskolans Ann.  15, 1-36;  1918

 SPECTROGRAPHY;  CONCENTRATION;  GEOCHEMISTRY;  ZIHC;
 PLANTS; ANIMALS; ROCKS;  SOILS; HIGFATION

 The physiological function of  Zn  in plants  and
 animals and its distribution as set forth in 80
 references are  discussed.  The paper is a study
 of the abundance of Zn in the  rocks and soils of
 Sweden.  In the spectrographic lethod 1. used,
 the sensitivity of the plates  and the length of
 the exposure were adjusted to  the very short life
 of Zn in the arc, and the carbon  electrodes were
 protected from  rapid burning.   The 3345.02  A.
 line of Zn was  measured,  and a correction derived
 from a graph was applied  to allow for the
 variations in this line due to the presence of K,
 Na, and Ca.  Data of many determinations of Zn
 are presented fron rocks  and soils of Sweden
 selected to test certain  theories about the
 migration of Zn,  It was  not found to have  been
 increased in concentration in  certain Ordovician
 sediments, but  in these it is  shown that there
 was precipitation of CaCo3 (and thus dilution)
 not as a part of organisms.  But  in certain other
 sediments made  up of clay minerals drawn by the
 action of the roots of plants  there was found the
 expected increase in concentration. Low
 concentrations  of Zn were less than 100 parts per
 million.  A greenish gray Cambrian sandy slate
 contained 1000  parts per  million  and enrichment
 of a sediment was implied at concentrations
 greater than 100 parts per million and indicated
 at greater than 200 parts per  million.   Among the
 crystalline rocks the Zn  content  was parallel to
 that of biotite; it was generally highest in the
 more recent acidic rocks  and tended to be less in
 the older than  younger rocks of similar
 composition.  The abundance of Zn as found  in
 these analyses  is used as a basis of discussion
 of the mode of  formation  of various crystalline
 rocks.
 1109
 Eztractability  of  Added  Lead  in  Soils  and  Its
 Concentration in Plants

 HacLean,  A.J.;  Balstead,  B.L.; Finn, B.J.

 Can. J. Soil Sci.,  49,  327-331;  1969

 LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS;  CONCENTRATION; EXTBACTABILITY
151
Heavy Metal Studies  of Crops  and  Soils in
Nova-Scotia

HacLean, K.S.; Langille,  W.fl.

Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.,  1(6),  195-505;  1973

VEGETABLES; LEAD; COPPER;  MOLYBDENOH;  ZINC;
CROPS; SOILS; HEAVY  METALS
«52
Organochlorine Pesticides:   An Introductory
Bibliography

Magnolia, L.R.

TBS Systems Group, No. 99900-7467-TO-OO,  Bedondo
Beach, CA, 10 p.;  1971, March

PESTICIDES; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINES
153
Analysis of Phenthiuram

Hakarova, S.V.; Eliseeva, H.A.; Vses.
Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Khii. Sredstv  Zashch.
Bast., Moscow, DSSR

Khim. Sel. Khoz. (Kskzan)  1973,  10(9)  680-2;  1973

PHENTHIDBAM; THTD; DETERMINATION; LINDANE;
COPPER; TRICHLOROPHENOLATE; SEEDS DISINFECTANTS;
SEED; DISINFECTANT; GAMMA HCH;  TCPC;  PHOSPHORIC
ACID; TETBASODIOH EDTA; CESIOS; POTASSIOH
HYDROXIDE; METHYL HYDROXIDE; ABSOBBTION;
XANTHATE; TITRATION; IODINE; HYDROLYSIS;
PETROLEUM; PETROLEUM ETHER; ETHEB; DIOMETRIC
DETERMINATION; COMBDSTION; RESIDUES;
MINERALIZATION; CHLORINE

A method was developed for the  determination of
the seed disinfectant, phenthiuram,  which  is a
mixture of TNTD, gamma-HCH, and copper
2,4,5-trichlorophenolate  (TCPD).  TMTD was
determined after decomposition  of phenthiuram, by
H3PO4 in the presence of tetrasodium  EDTA, to
Cs2, which was absorbed in KOR/MeOB,  and the
generated xanthate was titrated with  iodine. The
gai«a-HCH was determined via a  preliminary
extraction with petroleum ether and  subsequent
hydrolysis of the chlorine groups.   The content
of TCPC was determined via iodometric
determination of the copper produced  by
mineralization and treatment of the  combustion
residue with acid.
450
Amounts of Mercury in Soil of  Some  Golf Course
Sites

MacLean, A.J.; Stone, B.; Cordukes,  S.E;  Soil
Research Institute,  Agriculture,  Canada,  Ottawa,
Ontario

Canadian J. Soil Science, 53(1),  130-132;  1973

MERCORI; GRASSES; SOILS; LEACHING;  RETENTION;
SAND; LOAM; CLAY; HERBICIDES;  HOVEBENT

The amounts of mercury in the  turf  were  high
near the green but decreased with distance.  The
degree of leaching of mercury  and its retention
in the subsoil layers of the different fairways
was in the order of sand less  than  loam less than
clay loam.
454
Effect of Some Trace Elements on the  Activity of
Some Microbiological Processes in the Soil.

Haliszewska, 9.; Soil Science Institute, Pulawy,
Poland

Bevue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 9(3),
505-512; 1972

TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; MICROBIOLOGY;  METALS
                                                    66

-------
                                                                                                   455-462
455
Bobility of Elements in Soil Profiles  of
Hont-St-Hilatre, Quebec, Canada  Under  Varying
Slopes and Drainage Conditions

Hallick, K.A.

Nucleus  (Karachi), 9(1-2),  95-96;  1972

CALCIUH; ZIHCj ENRICHBENT;  HOBILITY; SOIL
HOISTUHB; SOILS; DRAINAGE;  TRACE ELEHENTS
456
Distribation of Copper and Molybdenum  in  the
Soils, Haters, and Plants of the  Kadzharan  Dining
District of the Anenian S.S.B.

Balyuga, D.

Trudy Biogeokhim. Lab. Akad. Nank S.S.S.R.,  11,
197-207; 1960

GEOCHEMISTRY; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; ENRICHBENT;
COPPEH; HOLYBDENUH; SOILS; BATER;  PLANTS;
ORGANIC; BIOGENIC; ACCUMULATION;  HOBILITY;
LEAVES; WOOD; PROSPECTING; CONCENTRATION

The molybdenum content of soils  is correlated
with the amount of organic substances.
Holybdenum seeis to act as a biogenic  element.
The accumulation of molybdenum in plants  is
directly proportional to the amount  of  Mobile
molybdenum in soil. The molybdenum content  of
leaves is higher than that of wood;  it  increases
toward the second half of the saner.
Prospecting for molybdenum and copper-molybdenum
deposits should involve determination  of
•olybdenuB and (or) copper in soils  and plants.
457
Biogeochemistry of Hercury in Soils and  Plants

Halynga, D.; Hakhova, N.; Nikitina, R.

Tr. Buryat. Inst. Estestv. Nauk, Buryat. Filial,
Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR- No. 2,  190-191;  1969

HERCORI; PLANTS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;  ANALYSIS;
SOILS; BIOGEOCHEHISTBY
458
Dynamics of Robile Forns of Trace Elements
Copper, Hanganese in Leached Honrtain  chernozem

Hanyshov, H.

Tr Kaz S-Kh Inst 13  (2). 1970 Trans  121-128.

POTATO NUTRITION; FERTILIZERS; ANAEROBIC
REDUCTION; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; OXIDATION;
SOLUBILITY; COPPER; HANGANESE; HOBILITY; CHBRNOZEH
459
Action of Arsenic Acid in the Soil

Margnlis, H.;  Bonrnigull, R.

Sol. Am.  Agron. Serie 110, 550-566; 1949

SOILS; ARSENIC; ARSENIC ACID
U60
Chemistry of Hetal Chelate Coipounds

Kartell, A.E.; Calvin, B.

Prentice Hall Inc.; Englewood Cliffs, NY, 613 p.;
1952

CHELATES; HETALS
461
Dehydration of Montmorillonite Containing
Exchangeable Thallium and Lead Ions

Masar, J.; Fajnor, V.; Prirodoved. Fak.,
University of Koienskeho, Bratislav,
Czechoslovakia

Silikaty  (SIKTAN), 16(4), 289-294; 1972

SORPTION; BATER; MONTMORILLONITE; LEAD; THALLIUH;
IONS; DEHYDATION; THALLIUH IONS; LEAD IONS
462
Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Released fro* Acid Coal
Bine Spoil Haterials of Eastern Kentucky

Hassey, H.F.; Barnhisel, R.I.; University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Soil Science, 113  (3), 207-12; 1972

COPPEH; NICKEL; ZINC; HINE SPOILS; ACID HINE
DRAINAGE; PH; IRON; ALUHIHOB; HANGANESE; PLANTS;
PHYTOTOSICITY; AVAILABILITY; OATS; CHLOROSIS;
ORANGE SEEDLINGS; WEATHERING; STREAKS; FISH; RATER

In successive extractions of soil solution from 7
coal line spoil materials over a period of 35
veeks, the pR of the extract of a given material
vas found to follow one of three patterns:  a
continued decrease, a decrease followed by an
increase, or a continued increase.  It is assumed
that a decreasing pH indicates that the primary
products of sulfide oxidation are being produced
•ore rapidly than they can be consuaed and that
an increasing pH indicates that sulfide oxidation
has been completed or at least slowed.
Concentrations of iron, aluminum, manganese,
calcium, magnesium, and sodium found in the
extracted solutions were grossly similar to those
reported in spoil-bank leachates by other workers
but as inch as 112 parts per million  nickel, 85
parts per million copper, and 145 parts per
•illion zinc occurred in the  soil solutions
analyzed in this study.  Concentrations of iron,
aluminum, manganese, zinc, copper, and nickel
were generally higher in extracts of low pH but
the range of relative variation with pH did not
appear to be as great for manganese, zinc,
copper, and nickel as for iron and aluminum.  In
revegetation of spoil banks, toxicity from iron,
aluminum, and manganese is a well-recognized
problem.  This paper suggests that possible
toxicities from nickel, copper, and zinc must
also be considered. The magnitude of the problem
and the extent to which it is general cannot be
assessed from this work.  The major agronomic
question is whether these metal ions contribute
appreciably to failure to establish plants or
pocr growth of plants on spoil banks.
                                                    67

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463-468
 463
 Adsorption Strength  of Zinc for  Soil Hums.   1.
 Relationship Between Adsorption  Forms  and
 Adsorption strengths of  Zinc  Added to  Soils and
 Soil  Hums

 Natsuda.  K.; Ikuta,  M.

 Soil  Sci. PI.  Hutr.. 15,  169-171;  1969

 EDTA;  ZINC; ADSORPTION;  SOILS; HOflDS;  CHELATING;
 ION  EXCHANGE

 Zinc  sorbed from  ZnSOl occurred  mainly  in the
 exchangeable form, except in  a humic soil in
 which chelated forn  predominated.  Zinc sorbed
 from  Zn-EDTA occurred mainly  in  chelated forms.
 1*61
 Adsorption  Strength  of  Zinc  for  Soil Humus  Part
 3. Relationship Between Stability  Constants of
 Zinc  Humic  and  Fulvic-Acid Complexes and the
 Degree  of nullification

 Natsuda, K.;  Ito,  S.; Shizuoka Oniv.,  Ivata, Japan

 Soil  Sci Plant  Nutr  16  (1).  1970 1-10.

 ION  EXCHANGE; EQOILIBRIOH HETHOD;  ADSORPTION;
 ZINC;  SOILS;  HOHIC ACID; FOLVIC  ACIDS;
 BONIFICATION; CHELATBS;  AVAILABILITY;  PLANTS;
 TOHATOES; STABILITY  CONSTANTS
 465
 Environmental  Toxicology  of  Pesticides.
 Proceedings of a  Dnited States-Japan  Seminar

 Batsumora, F.; Bonsh, G.H.;  nisato, T.

 Proceedings of a  Dnited States-Japan  Seminar,
 Environmental  Toxicology  of  Pesticides, 637p.;
 1972

 POODS; WATER;  AIR;  SOILS; BBC; BIODEGRADABLE
 PESTICIDES; RESIDOES; CHLORINATE!  HIDEOCABBONS;
 INSECTICIDES;  FUNGICIDES; HERBICIDES;
 ORGi NO PHOSPHATES; CARBANATES ; DEGRADATION;
 RESIDOES; INDUSTRY; ORBAN; HERCDRT

 This book is concerned with  environmental
 pollution caused  by industrilization,
 urbanization and  modern agricultural  practices.
 The contributed papers discuss in  detail the
 pesticide contamination of food, water, air and
 soil.  It also examines the  use of BRC in Japan
 and DDT in America, and proposes alternative
 methods of pest control,  such as biodegradable
 pesticides, biological controls and
 nondetrimental chemicals.  Several timely reviews
 of mercury pollution are  included, with emphasis
 on the enviornmental hazards of organomercurial
 pesticides.  The  content  is  divided into 8
 sections.  The       first section covers
 patterns of pesticide usage  and occurrence of
 residues, followed by sections on  mercury
 transformation in the environemnt  and chlorinated
 hydrocarbon insecticides  in  the environment.
 Next,  a section is included  on fungicides,
 herbicides, organophosphates and carbamates,
followed by a  description of microbial influence
on pesticide degradation.  Part 6 discusses
 photodecomposition of pesticides,  part 7 covers
toxic effect of pesticide residues on wildlife,
and the final  section involves tfce design of new
psetlcides.
 466
 Formation  and  Decomposition  of  Hethylmercury
 Compounds

 Hatsuno, T.; Yokohama  Natl.  Oniv.,  Yokohama, Japan

 Soda.  To.  Enso (STOEB8) ,  21(7), 227-236;  1973

 BETHYLBERCORY;  DECOMPOSITION;  HBRCORY;
 HETHYLHERCORY  COMPOUNDS
 467
•Hazards to Livestock Caused  by  Inadequate Raste
 Dumping

 Hatthes,  D.;  Natthey,  G.

 Bonatsh Vet.  (led.,  27,  875-6;  1972,  November

 LIVESTOCK; HASTES;  DOHPING;  ANIBALS
 468
 Lead Concentrations  in Rocks,  Soil,  and
 Groundwater

 Hatthess,  G.

 Arbeitsgruppe  Blei,  21-27;  1972

 LEAD; BOCKS; GBOOND  HATER; .SOILS;  AIR;
 COHBOSTION;  AOTOBOBILE EMISSIONS;  EXBAOST GASES;
 PESTICIDES;  FERTILIZERS; SHORE;  BETALLOBGICAL
 PLANTS; COHBOSTION PROGRESS

 The lead in  rocks, soil, and groundwater  stems
 from several sources which can be  combined into
 two groups,  natural  lead concentrations and
 anthropogenic  concentrations.  After listing the
 natural lead concentration found in  various rocks
 and soils  of Rest Germany, The Netherlands,
 France, Great  Britain, Spain,  and  the O.S.S.R.,
 the anthropogenic lead concentrations are
 discussed.   Studies  in Scotland  revealed  a
 generally  higher lead concentration  in urban
 areas compared to rural areas.   They are  the
 consequence  of air pollution by  combustion
 processes, automobile exhaust  gases, pesticides,
 and fertilizers. A local increase  of the  lead
 concentration  in the soil near Langesheim/Lover
 Saxony to  more than  100 mg/kg  was  caused  by the
 smoke from a metallurgical plant.  Higher than
 normal lead  concentrations are found along busy
 streets and  highways.  Analysis  of the lead
 concentration  of the soil in various distance
 from the Autobahn Giessen/Prankfurt  revealed a
 rapid decrease with  increasing distance.   This
 section of the Autobahn had been used by  about  40
 million automobiles. It is estimated that 1.2  kg
 lead have  been emitted/m of the  Autobahn.  In the
 separating strip between the two directions, 147
 mg extractable lead/kg soil was  measured; at a
 depth of 20  to 40 cm 25 mg/kg; on  the side 130
 •g/kg; at  20 • distance, 26 mg/kg; at 50  •
 distance,  23 mg/kg;  and at  100 m distance 19
 mg/kg.
                                                     68

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                                                                                                   469-478
469
Oxidoredactive  Degradation of Racemic Dopa by
Soil Binerals and Clays

Hayaudon, J.; Bl Balfawi,  H.; Batistic,  L.

J. Soil Sci.. 24(2).  1973, 182-192

5,6-DIHYDHOri INDOLE  BO  HELiHU  BRNTONITEj
CHBOHATOGRAPHT; DBCARBOIYLATION;  FERBIC  OIIDB;
ELECTRO! ACCEPTORS; HINERALS; CLAI;  DEGRADATION;
HiCEBIC DOPA
470
Bioelenent Transport  in  Rainwater and  Soil
Solution in a Forest  Ecosystem

Bayer, R.

Gottinger Bodenkandliche Berichte,  19,  1-119;  1971

TRANSPORT: RAIN8ATBR; SOILS;  FORESTS;  TBBRESTRIA1
BOOSTS TEH
Building a Shorter Life  (Cadmium Pollution).

BcCaull, J.

Environment (ENVTAB) , 13(7), 38-41; 1971

BBVIER; CADHIUH; FOODS; SOILS; VEGETATION;
ABSORPTION

A review with 48 references and a discussion on
the sources of cadmium pollution; Cd
concentrations in food, soil, vegetation and
commercial products; biological absorption of Cd;
and physiological damage due to Cd.
472
Soil Bantle as a Rastevater Treatment  System  -  A
Literature Review

BcGanhey, P.H.: Krone, R.B.;  Binneberger,  J.B.

Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory,  College
of Engineering and School of  Public  Health,
University of California, Berkeley,  CA, SEBL
Report Ho. 66-7, p. 70-92; 1966

RASTER ATBB TREATHENT STSTEB;  SOIL  HANTLB;  BEVIER;
RASTERATEB; SOILS
U73
Use of Tracer Technigue in Soil  Erosion Besearch

HcHenry, J.B.; Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford,
Bississippi

Isotop. Badiat. Technol., 6, 280-287;  1969, Spring

EROSION; SOILS; TRACER TECHNIQOES; CHROBIOfl 51;
GOLD 198; IRON 59; SCANDIOH 46;  BOVBHENT

Techniques used to study erosion by tagging soil
with radioactive tracers are reviewed.  Several
nuclides have been used for this purpose, e.g.,
Fe 59, Sc 46, An 198, and Cr 51.  Guidelines to
be followed in the selection of  a tracer are
reviewed, and methods of incorporating the
isotope on the material to be traced are
described.  Studies are discussed in which both
the movement of single grains of sand and the
bulk movement of the soil are followed.  (Anth)
474
Soil Copper. II.  Specific Adsorption of Copper
by Soils

HcLaren, R.G.; Crawford, D.V.; Sen. Agric.,  Oniv.
Nottingham, Sutton Bonington/Loughborongh/Leiceste
rshire, England

J. Soil Sci.  (JSSCAH) , 24(4), 443-52; 1973

SOILS; ADSORPTION; COPPER; S ILS
475
Soil Copper.  III. Isotopically Exchangeable
Copper in Soils

HcLaren, R.G.; Crawford, D.V.; Sch. Agric., Oniv.
Nottingham, Sutton Boni"gton/Loughborrough/Leicest
ershire, England
                                                           COPPEB;  ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE;  SOILS
476
Transformation of Individual
Coal-Tar-Chemical-Industry Organic Products in
Chernozem Soil

Hedvedev, T.A.; Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Oboshche-Bakhchevaya Opytn. Stants., Donetsk, OSSR

Pochvovedenie (PVDEAZ)  11, 22-8; 1972

SOILS; PHENOLIC HYDROCARBONS; AROBATIC ABINES;
COAL; TAR; INDOSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
477
Effect of Isomerism on the Bate of Phenol
Transformation in Chernozem Soil

Redvedev, V.A.; Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Ovoshche-Bakhchevaya Opytn. Stants., Vses. Akad.
S.-Kh. Nauk Is. Lenina, Donetsk, USSR

Pochvovedenie  (PVDEAZ) 5, 122-7; 1973

PHENOL; CHERNOZEH; SOILS; HTDROZTL GROUP;
DEGRADATION; ISOBEBS
478
Bate of Degradation of Phenol and Quinones in a
Chernozem Soil According to Redox Beasurements
and Infrared Spectroscopy Data

Hedvedev, V. A. ;  Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Ovoshche-Bakchchevaya Opytn. Stants., Donetsk,
USSR

Pochvovedenie (VODEAZ) , 1, T33-7; 1974

SOILS; PHENOL; QOINONES; BBTABOLISH;
NiPBTBOQUINONE;  BENZOQUINOJIE; DEGRADATION; BBDOX
HEASUBEHBNTS; INFBARED SPECTHOSCOPI
                                                   69

-------
479-488
 479
 Zinc Content of Soils and  their  Different
 Fractions

 Heelu,  O.P.; Randhava, N.S.;  Dep.  Soils, Punjab
 Agric.  Univ.,  Lndhiana,  India

 J.  Indian Soc.  Soil Sci. (JINSA4)  1973,  21(2)
 235-6;  1973

 ZINC; SOILS; FRACTIOHATION
 080
 Direct Vaporization  and  Quantification  of  Arsenic
 fron Soils and Rater

 Helton, J.P.;  Hoover,  H.L.;  Ayers,  J.L.; Howard,
 P. A.

 Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37  («) .  1973 558-561.

 ARSINE; DELIVERY APPARATUS;  VAPORIZATION;
 ABSENIC; SOILS; RATEB
mixture (11) sprays to an apple orchard increased
soil Co froB 7-8 ag/kg to 18 and 11 ag/kg,
respectively, in the 0-30 ca layer. Spraying  with
bordeaux aixtnre (1<) in vineyards over a  period
cf 5 years resulted in up to 50 ag/kg Cu residues
in the soil, the residues usually regaining in
the 0.20 ci layer and penetrating deeper at a
very slov rate. Cu residues in sandy loaas, fcoi
cuprosan (0.6%) sprays, occurred to a depth of  1
• within 3 months after the first treatment;
residues resulting fro* pesticides that contain 3
ag/k
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                                                                                                  489-496
089
Organo Rercnrials as an  Environmental  Problem

Biettinen, J.K.

Part of Spencer, D.A.  (Chairman).   Nuclear
Techniques for studying  Pesticide  Residue
Problems.  Symposium.  Dnipnb,  Inc.: New York,
NY, (p. 43-47), 8« p.; 1970

BACTERIA; SLUDGE; RATER;  RDCLBAR TECHHIQOES;
AGRICULTURE; PESTICIDES;  RESIDUES;  IHDUSTHI;
RERCURY
090
Hygienic Evaluation of the Rineral Composition  of
Soils in Regions of Bulgaria  Barked  by  the
Prevalence of Bndeiic Plearal Calcifications

Rikhailova-Docheva, L.

Gig Tr Prof Zabol, 16(5),  1972,  30-33

ASBESTOS INDUSTRIAL BBISSIONS; AIR;  SOILS
U91
Trace Nutrient Level in Coals  and  Carbon
Dioxide-Humus Fertilizers and  Their  Effect  on  the
Distribution of  Banganese, Copper, and  Bolybdenni
in Soil  and Plants

flikhailova, A.I.; Vlasov, R.A.;  Irkutsk.  Gos.
University, Irkutsk, USSR

Rikroelem. Biosfere Primen.  Ikh. Sel. Khoz.  Red.
Sib. Dal'NegoVostoka, Dokl.  Sib. Knof.
3rd(27BDAA), 79-84,; 1971

COAL; BUBATE; RICHONUTRIENTS;  PLANTS; SOILS;
SODIDH; AHRONIUB; TRACE ELEBENTS;  CARBON  DIOIIDE;
FERTILIZERS; DISTRIBUTION; BANGANESE; COPPER;
HOLTBDEH DR
492
Arsenic Residues in Agricultural Soils of
Southwestern Ontario

Biles, J.R.9.; Research Institute, Canada
Department of Agriculture, London, Ontario, Canada

Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry,  16,
620-622; 1968, July-August

ARSENIC RESIDUES; FARH SOILS; ORCHARDS;
BEASURERENT METHODS; ABSENIC; SOILS; TREES

Determination of arsenic residues in far* soils
in southwestern Ontario shoved the highest
residue levels in orchard soils.  Residues in
four apple orchards were 10.2, 23.1, 39.0, and
197 ppm of arsenic between the trees, and 15.6,
14.9, 67.0, and 121 ppm under the trees.  One
vegetable soil contained 26.6 ppm of arsenic.
The remainder of the 32 far* soils sampled
contained residues of less than  10 ppm of
arsenic, the normal range for untreated  soils.
Strata studies conducted on one orchard  soil
showed a fairly uniform vertical distribution of
arsenic residues in the top 6 inches of  soil.  An
improved standard-taper all-glass apparatus, for
•ore efficient absorption of arsine gas  in the
arsine-molybdenum blue method for arsenic is
described.
493
Pollution by Organic Substances

Hilhand, G.; Pinanlt, L.; Ecole Nat. Vet., Lab.
de Phanacie et Tozicol., Alfort, France

Gaz. Bed. Fr., 79<«0). 7637-7644; 1972

PESTICIDES; DDT; LINDANE; HEPTACHLOR;
DEGRADATION; FISH; AQUATIC ORGANISHS; ENDOSOLFAN;
BEBCDBT; FOODS; SOILS; RATER; ORGANIC PESTICIDES;
BEVIES; PERSISTENCE; PLANTS; HDHANS; ARIHALS;
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; AIR; FISH; INSECTICIDES

General problems and hazards of soil and water
pollution and of the contamination of foods by
organic substances, including pesticides, are
surveyed. Organochlorine pesticides, such as DDT,
lindane, and heptachlor, are highly persistent in
the soil.  The time necessary for 95* degradation
of heptachlor, lindane, and DDT in the soil was
3-5 yr, 3-10 yr, and 
-------
 497-503
 197
 Horemen  of Heavy Betals  In  Hineral  Soil.   Growth
 of Corn Plants at High  Levels  of  Copper, Lead,
 Cobalt, Nickel,  and  Cadiiui  in Soil

 Hinami, K.; Yasnda,  T.;  Araki, K.

 Tokai Kinki Nogyo Shikenjo Kenkyo Hokoka
 (TKNHAR) , 25,  18-56;  1973

 CORN; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; MINERALS;
 TRANSLOCATION;  MOVEMENT;  LEAD; COPPER;  COBALT;
 NICKEL; CADHIOH;  PLANTS
 498
 Effect of Early Day  Hilling Operations  on  Present
 Day Rater Quality

 Mink,  L.L.;  College  of  (lines.  Oniversity  of
 Idaho, Hoscov

 Part of Proceedings,  National  Ground later
 Quality Symposium,  Held in Denver, Colorado,
 August 25-27, 1971  (p.  17-18);  1971

 GROUND RATER; RATER  QUALITY; NINE  RASTES; ZINC;
 LEAD;  CADMIOH;  CONCENTRATION;  SOILS; NINE
 TAILINGS; RATER;  NINES

 Data presented  herein demonstrate  that  early day
 •ining and tilling  wastes are  now  affecting the
 ground-water quality in several locations.
 Ground-water pollution  results from leaching of
 old Bine tailings that  are interfiled  with the
 upper  part of the sand  and gravel  aquifer.  High
 zinc,  lead and  cadmium  concentrations  occur in
 ground-water and  soil samples  taken from  the
 portion of the  sand  and gravel aquifer  containing
 old Bine tailings.
 499
 Adsorption of  Arsenites  by Soils and Compost

 Hisra,  S.G.; Ben Ianin, I.

 Indian  J. Appl.  CheB.. 25(2-3), 99-100;  1962

 CONPOST; ADSORPTION; ARSENITE; ARSENIC;  SOILS

 Ex periBents were done to determine the amount of
 As retained when Na arsenite was added alone or
 with NaCl or K2SOU.  A neutral soil absorbed Bore
 As than did an acid soil (pR 5.0) or a neutral
 COBpOSt.
500
Zinc Phosphate Interaction in Bhat Soils

Bisra, S.G.; Pandey, R.S.

Technology (SIRDRI) , 9(2-3), 183-186;  1972

SOLFATES; EDTA; FERTILIZERS; SOILS; ZINC PHOSPHATE
501
Studies on Arsenite-Arsenate System.  Adsorption
of Arsenate

Hisra, S.G.; Tiwaki, R.C.; Agricultural chemistry
Station, University of Allahabad, Allahabad,
(O.P.)

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 9, 10-13; 1963
ARSBNITE; ARSENATE; SOILS; COMPOST;  ANION  EFFECT;
CATION EFFECT; ARSENIC; ADSORPTION;  IONS

In this investigation the retention  of arsenate
ions either singly or in the presence of arsenite
by soils and compost has been studied.  The
interference caused by anions or cations on  the
retention of arsenate as well as the extraction
of the absorbed arsenate by different eztractants
has also been investigated.
502
Retention of Applied Cu»+ by Soils.  Effect of
Carbonate, Organic Matter, Base Saturation, and
Onsaturation

Nisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.

PI. Soil, 24, 54-62; 1966

ALKALINE SOILS; SOILS: RED SOILS; BLACK SOILS;
PH; COPPER; HYDROGEN; CALCION; HYDROGEN IONS

The Cu-retaining power of the three soils
investigated showed the decreasing order:  alkali
soil  (pH 10.9), black soil (pH 7.8) and red soil
(pH 6.7) .  The alkali soil retained the applied
Cn in CuC03, Co (OB)2 foras due to its high CaC03
content (1.6X) and high pH, while the red soil
retained the least Co because of its low pH and
negligible CaCO3 content.  Rhen the soil samples
were treated with H2O2 or H-2O2+HC1 or ignited at
500 degrees C, the retention of Cu decreased as a
result of destruction of organic Batter and CO3
and dehydration of B203.  Saturation of the soils
with H (by HC1) resulted in lower Cn retention,
while conversion of H-soils to Ca-soils resulted
in a higher Cu retention which never approached
the amount of Cu retained by the original soil
(doe to reBoval of CO3 and antagonistic effect of
B* ions) ; such samples contained Bore Cu in the
exchangeable fora, but addition of CaC03 resulted
in the precipitation of alaost all of the applied
Cn and in the non-existence of exchangeable Cu.
503
Retention and Release of Copper and  Zinc by So»e
Indian Soils

Hisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.

Soil Sci.,  101, 465-U71; 1966

COPPER; ZINC; BLACK SOILS; RED SOILS; ALKALINE
SOILS; CARBONATES; PH; SOILS

Varying sy»etrics of copper and zinc (amounts
equivalent to the NB 4 exchange capacity of the
soil expressed in Beg) were added to a black
soil, a red soil and an alkali soil and amounts
of copper and zinc retained were determined.  As
increased symmetries of copper and zinc were
added, NHH exchange capacity of the soil tended
to increase.  Other factors like CoCO3, soluble
carbonates, and pB of the soils also affected
copper and zinc retention. The amount of copper
and zinc extracted by neutral normal NH4 acetate
was always less than the Net-exchange capacities
of the soils.  Even at the 4 symmetry level of
addition, copper and zinc did not occupy all the
exchangeable positions in the respective soils.
                                                    72

-------
                                                                                                  504-509
son
Studies on Arsenite-Arsenate Systems.
of Irsenate
Adsorption
Hisra, S.6.; Tiwari, B.C.

Soil Sci. 8 Plant Nntr., 9,  216-219;  1962

ADSORPTION; ARSENATE; ARSENITE;  SOILS; ARSENIC
505
Studies on the Chemistry of Copper and Zinc
Applied to Three Different Soils - A Comparative
Study

lisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.

Soil Sci. PI. Nutr., 12(3), 6-10; 1966

BLACK SOILS; ALKALINE SOILSS; SOILS; COPPER;
ZI1IC; RED SOILS

Black soil retained more Co and Zn than red and
alkali soils did.  Presence of soluble carbonates
in alkali soil resulted in precipitation of the
soluble Cu»+ or Zn+ + added,  it 1-synetry level
(aioant of Cu or Zn applied equivalent to the
cation-exchange capacity of the soil) Cu
retention by the soils was always greater than Zn
retention.  Beioval of organic latter froi red
and black soils decreased Zn retention to a
greater extent than Cu retention.  Removal of
carbonates froi red and black soils decreased Cu
retention lore than Zn retention; removal of
carbonates froi alkali soil had the reverse
effect.  Amounts of the O.ln HCl-soluble- and
neutral n-NHU-acet»te-soluble fractions vere
greater for Cu than for Zn, hence the "fixed"
fori of Zn was always greater than that of Co.
when increased syiietrics of Cn and Zn were
applied, cation-exchange capacities of the soils
were only slightly affected and the contribution
of the exchange process to Cn and Zn retention by
the soils was only partial.
506
Arsenite-Arsenate Adsorption in Soils

Bisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.

Indian J. Appl. Chei.. 26, 117-121; 1963

ABSENATE; IONS; BED SOILS; COHPOST; SBSQOIOXIDES;
PH; ABSEHITE; ADSORPTION; CALCIOB; SOILS

Bore arsenate ions are adsorbed by a latoritic
soil than by a red soil or coipost, due to the
aioant of Fe2O(3)  or sesquioxides, Ca or some
other ion and reducing pB in the soil.  Arsenite
adsorption is affected by the presence of
AsOU (3-)  ions; it decreases in soil but increases
in coipost.  Arsenite ions are converted into
arsenate ions by Pe2O{3)  or alkalinity.
507
Effect of Fertilizers and pB on Retention of
Copper by Soils

Bisra, S.6. ;  Tiwari, B.C.

J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 12, 289-295; 1961

BLACK SOILS;  RED SOILS; SANDY LOAB; PB ;
FERTILIZERS;  SOILS; COPPEB; NITROGEN; POTASSIDH
Retention of Cn applied as CnSOU to a black soil,
a red soil, and a sandy loai was studied.  The
black soil retained lost copper owing to its high
contents of organic latter and CO(3)  and to its
high pB.  In presence of R and K fertilizers, Cu
retention by soils decreased appreciably: this
decrease was presumably due to antagonistic
effects of HB4+ and K» and to the lowering of the
equilibrium pB.  The mount of "fixed" Cn (not
extracted by 0.1 in H2SO4)  increased and
exchangeable Cn (extracted by n BaCl)  decreased
as the dose of II and K fertilizers increased.
                   508
                   Studies on the Adsorption and Release of Copper
                   by Soils.  1. Effect of Cations.

                   Risra, S.G.;  Tiwari, B.C.

                   Soil Sci. S Plant Butr., 8, 93-96;  1962

                   COPPEB; SOILS; CATIONS; ADSORPTION; RELEASE
                   509
                   Trace Eleients in Soils

                   Ritchell, R.L.

                   Part of Technical Bulletin 21, Hinistry of
                   Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Proceedigs of
                   Soil Scientists of the National Agricultural
                   Advisory Service Conference, February 8-9, 1966,
                   (p. 8-20) ,  217 p.; 1971

                   TRACE ELEBEHTS; TITAHIDH; RANGANESE;  BABIOH;
                   ZIRCONIOH;  STRONTIDH; CHBOBIOB; VARADIOH; ZINC;
                   NICKEL; LEAD; GALLIOH; COPPEB; BOBON; COBALT;
                   TIN; BERTLLIDH; ROLTBDENDR; SELENIOH; MOBILITY;
                   DRAINAGE; ORGANIC HATTER; ADSORPTION; IONS;
                   COBPLEIES;  PB; LIHING; PLANTS; UPTAKE

                   The total content of any trace eleient in a soil
                   can give no lore than a general indication of the
                   probable status froi the point of view of plant
                   uptake.  The available or soluble part lay be
                   only a few  percent of the total.  Saipling and
                   analytical  errors and variations over fields and
                   with depth  lake it difficult to get reliable
                   values; poor drainage and/or soil types, pH
                   (effect of  lining) can have significant effects
                   on trace eleient availability.  Thus, the uptake
                   of Many important trace elements (cobalt,
                   •anganese,  zinc, boron and nickel)  is reduced by
                   lining, but that of molybdenum is increased
                   (sometimes  to dangerous levels in copper-poor
                   soils). Hany factors affect the effectiveness and
                   duration of response when trace elements are
                   added.  The nature of the soil can deter line the
                   best nethod of dealing with trace eleient
                   deficiencies.  Some method of measuring the
                   availability of trace elements is required.  The
                   amount extracted by water, chela ting  agents,
                   aiioniui acetate or acetic acid have  been used in
                   various cases.  The interpretation also depends
                   on soil type, plant species, moisture conditions,
                   temperature, etc., of the growing season.  Rith
                   these reservations, some information  on the
                   average contents of trace elements is given and
                   deficiency  levels for certain types of soils
                   given for cobalt, copper, manganese,  boron and
                   excessive levels for nickel, zinc and molybdenum.
                                                    73

-------
 510-516
 510
 Trace Elements in Soils

 Hitchell,  R.L.

 Part  of Bear,  F.E. (Ed.).  Chemistry of  the  Soil
 (2nd  Ed.),  Amer.  Chei. Soc.  Honoqraph;  1961

 TRACE ELEBENTS;  SOILS
 511
 Behavior  of  Cadmium  in  Soil,  and  Change  of
 Cadmium Content in Rice in  Relation  to the
 Oxidation Redaction  Potential of  Soil

 Bizuno, N.

 Nippon  Dojo-Hiryogaka Zasshi, 13(5),  179-181;  1972

 CADBIOB;  RICE;  OIIDATION  REDUCTION;  SOILS;
 HOBILITT
soils by the salts of iron than  by  salts  of
aluminum and copper. The presence of  colloids of
iron in the solution decreased the  absorption of
cerium by soils in the range of  pH  values
studied.  The percent sorption of Ce  111  by soils
decreased more sharply as a result  of the
presence of iron colloids than the  concentration
of iron in the solution.  Aqueous extracts  from
the leaves of ligneous plants increased the
•obility of ceriu» in the soil-solution system
for all of the types of soils studied.
51(t
Mercury in Soil and Plant Systems:  A  Review  of
Literature.

Horaghan, J.T.; N. Dak. St. Dniv., Fargo,  N.D.

Farm 8es., 28(
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                                                                                                 517-522
517
Complexing of Setals by Soil Organic Batter

Hortensen, J.L.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. , 27,  179-186;  1963

IOH EXCHANGE; ADSORPTION;  CHELATIOR; CONPLEXES
COAGULATION; PEPTIZATIOH REACTIONS;
POLIBERLIGANDS; SOUS; HIDROIT GBODPS; CABBOIYL
GEOOPS; ABIDE GROUPS

Soil organic latter forms  complexes Kith  totals
by ion exchange, surface adsorption, chelation
and complex coagulation and peptization
reactions.  Little is knovn about  the  nature of
ligands in polymeric components  of soil organic
•attec that chelate metals, bat  carboxyl,  hydroxy
and amide groups are probably concerned.   A
number of compounds of low •olecalar weight,
capable of chelating letals have been  isolated
from soils.
518
Sorption of Anions by Soils

Hott, C.J.B.; OniT. Beading,  England

Part of Sorption and Transport Processes  in
Soils, Bonogr. Soc. Chem. Ind.,  Bo. 37,  (HO-53) ;
1970

ORGANIC HATTEB; BEVIE»; SORPTION; TBAHSPORT;
ANIONS

Some experimental results for specifically
adsorbed mono- and di-¥alent  ions are  reviewed
and related to soil conditions ignoring the role
of organic latter.
521
The Biological Cycle of Iron and flanaganese in
Soil and Aguatic Hedia.

Raider, E.G.; Hicrobiological Laboratory,
Rageningen, Netherlands

Bevae d'Bcologie et de Biologie du Sol., 9(3),
321-3148; 1972

IBOH; BUG AH BSE; SOILS; AQOATIC ECOSTSTEBS;
BICROOHGASISHS; BEVIES; OXIDATIOH; REDUCTION;
PRECIPITATION; TBABSPOBBATIOH

The role of licro-organises in the
transformations (oxidation, reduction,
precipitation) of Pe and fln in soil and aquatic
environments is discussed, with 46 references.
522
Response of Alfalfa-D to Boron in Fly Ash

Hulford, P.B.;  Bartens, D.C.

Soil Sci Soc Aier Proc 35 (2). 1971 296-300.

Zinc; SOILS; PH; PLI ASH; BOBOH
519
Geocheiical Reconnaissance of Surficial Baterials
in the Vicinity of Shawangunk Mountain, New  Tork

Hoxham, R.L.

M.I. state Bus. Sci. Serv. Bap Chart Ser., 21,
1-20; 1972

HDBAHS; BATES SDPPLT; STBEABS; BATEH; SEDIBEHTS;
SOILS; LEAD; COPPEB; ZINC
520
Agricultural Chemicals as Pollutants

Brak, E.B.

Part of white, Philip L. and Nancy Selvey  (Ed.).
Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress 3.
Symposiam. Niami Beach Florida, Aug. 30-Sept.  2,
1971.  Pntura Publishing Co., Inc:  Boant  Kisco,
NI,  (p. 28U-288), 389 p.; 1972

HOBAHS; PESTICIDES; AIB; SATER; SOILS; PLANTS;
POODS; AGRICULTURE
                                                  75

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 523-525
 523
 Cadmium  Compartmentation  and Cycling in a
 Grassland Ecosystem  in the  Deer  Lodge  Valley,
 Montana

 Hunshover,  F.F.

 Ph.D.  Thesis  Botany  Department,  Oniversity of
 Montana,  Missoula  Montana,  106 p.;  1972

 CADMIUM;  HEAVY  METALS; SOILS; GBASSBOPPBRS;
 GRASSES;  PLANTS; BROAD LEAFED PLANTS;  LEAVES;
 FOLItR ABSORPTION; OPTAKE;  FOBBS;  SBHOBS;
 TPANSLOCATION;  ilR;  DOSTS;  ANIMALS; CATTLE; PIGS;
 SQOIRRELS;  KIDMETS;  DDT;  FOOD CHAINS;
 CONCENTRATION FACTOR; ACCUMULATION;
 CONCENTRATION;  GRAINS; LIVER; HOHANS;  HEATS;
 VEGETABLES; PH;  SOLFOH DIOXIDE;  PARTICDLATES;
 MOBILITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ATOMIC  ABSORPTION
 SPECTROPBOTOHETRY; CYCLING; ZINC;  AVAILABILITY;
 TBANSLOCATION;  CHLOROSIS; ENZYMES; CORN;
 SMELTERS; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS; ALFALFA;
 BARLEY;  TREES;  WILLOW; WHEAT; FOI; BADGER;
 WEASEL;  COMPLEXES

 The  distribution of  cadmium in surface horizons
 and  its  relationship to soil pH  suggests that
 cadmium,  like other  heavy metals,  will form
 insoluble complexes  in neutral or  alkaline soils.
 High carbonate  soils are  common  in much of the
 Deer Lodge  Valley  and this  lay explain the
 retention of  cadmium in the surface horizon
 without  apparent harm to  plant community
 development in  lightly polluted  areas.  Within
 the  five  ppm  isopol  Ion soil pH  values and high
 heavy  metal concentrations  combined to restrict
 community development.  The ultimate cause of
 restricted community development has not been
 explained, but  gemination  studies in  soils two
 miles  from  the  smelter revealed  reduced seed
 germination rates  and very  restricted  root
 development in  plants surviving  the seedling
 stage. The animal  community reflected  the
 depauparate plant  communities within this isopol.
 Few immature  or adult grasshoppers vere
 available for analyses whereas all stages of
 development of  these insects vere  abundant at
 sites  more distant from the smelter.   Small
 mammals and Columbian ground squirrels vere also
 notably absent  from  these areas.   Plants in the
 Deer Lodge Valley  exhibited cadmium
 concentrations  above those  of the  same plants
 growing on unpolluted sites.  Cadmium  did not
 appear in grasses at levels exceeding  those found
 in the soil of the site, but broad leafed annuals
 consistently  demonstrated cadmium  concentrations
 above  the cadmium  levels of the  soil in vhich the
 plant  vas groving.    Whether this vas a phenomenon
 associated vith the  shape of the leaves and
 foliar absorption or vas due to  active root
 uptake remains unansvered.  Shrubs collected near
 the smelter had cadmium concentrations greater
 than those of the soils in  vhich they  vere
 groving.   The plumose leaved shrubs (Tetradvmia
 and Chrysothamnns)  vere probably reflecting the
 degree of foliar contamination and subseguent
 absorption and translocation of cadmium from
 airborne dust rather than cadmium  absorption by
 their roots.  Host samples  of Salix and Populus
 exhibited cadmium levels veil in excess of those
 found in  soils near the collecting site.
 However,  these specimens vere collected near a
 potential source of aerial contamination and soil
cadmium accumulation is guestionable.  Unlike
 plants, the herbivore trophic level shoved
cadmini accumulation in all of the animals
investigated.   The grasshopper samples exhibited
extremely high cadmium accumulations and
contamination  by airborne dust particles vas
indicated by their  geographical location. Near
the smelter this probably reflected respiratory
intake of cadmium in airborne dust particles.
The absence of adult grasshoppers during  late
summer near the smelter may be indicative  of an
accumulation to toxic levels of this element or
of other heavy metals.  Cadmium concentrations in
the kidneys of vertebrates increased vith  the age
of the animal. Maximum concentrations in cattle,
swine and ground sguirrel kidneys vere evidence
of the accumulation of cadmium in this organ to
levels two or more times the cadmium levels found
in the food supply of the animal.  Food chain
transfer of toxic materials such as DDT is
usually characterized by a ten to one
concentration of the substance as it passes from
one trophic level to the next.  The present study
has shown that cadmium accumulation occurred in
several plants, in grasshoppers, and in the
kidneys of vertebrates, but not at the ratio
assumed to occur in typical food chain transfer
of tctic materials.  Cadmium concentration ratios
vere typically less than three to one rather than
the classical ten to one ratio.  No sample of
grain exceeded the cadmium tolerance limits
applied to rice in Japan (1 ppm)  but all kidney
samples from cattle and svine and several of the
liver samples demonstrated cadmium levels egual
to or in excess of this tolerance limit.  Long
lived species such as man can be expected to
accumulate even larger ,quantities of cadmium due
to the slov turnover of this metal once bound in
the soft tissues of the body.  Neat,  vegetables
and grains produced in the study area should be
monitored for heavy metal content to prevent high
cadmium accumulations in man.  The removal of
cadmium from soils of the Deer Lodge Valley is
extremely slov.  The results of the simulation
program indicated that, even if current practices
that aggravate the cadmium problem vere
alleviated, many centuries vonld be required
before soil cadmium levels in grasslands vould be
reduced to the soil cadmium range suggested by
Vinogradov (1959).  If the present patterns of
smelter operation continue, sulfur from stack
emissions will accumulate in soils causing a
decrease in soil pB.  Furthermore, fine
particulates from the main stack at the smelter
and the numerous smaller stacks will augment the
heavy metal content of valley soils.   Increasing
soil acidity and heavy metal concentrations vill
create larger areas in vhich soil heavy metal
content is toxic to most plants.   This problem is
further co
521
Ecological Compartmentation of Airborne Cadmium
in a Grassland Ecosystem

Mnnshover, F.F.; Behan, H.J.

Am. J. Bot., 58, 476; 1971

AIR; CADHIOH; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM; GRASSHOPPERS; SOILS
525
Arsenic Residues in Potato Soils and Tubers

Murphy, B.J.; Goven, H.J.

Maine Farm Res., 13(3), 4-8; 1966

ARSENIC; RESIDUES; POTATOES; SOILS; TDBERS
                                                    76

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                                                                                                   526-533
526
Biological Treatment of Cyanide  laste

Bucphr, B.S.j Ilesbitt, J.B.

Research Bulletin, B-88,  Penn. State University,
Dept. of Engineering, University  Park,  PA,  66  p.;
196U

CYANIDE: WASTES; CT1HIDE  ilSTE;  BIOLOGICAL
TREATSBUT
529
Chrome-Lignin-Type Soil Stabilizers

Rakajima, K. ; Sanyo Kokusaku   Palp Co., Tokyo,
Japan

Kobunshi Kako (KOKABN) , 21(11), 703-709, 802; 1971

REVIBI; CHROBIOH; LIGNIN; SOILS ; STABILIZATION
527
Plant Nutrient Availability  in Soils.   IV.
Studies on the Role of Copper in  Danish Soils.
3. The Exchange Properties with  Particular
Reference to Fixation and Release Processes

Hafady, H.H.; Lamm, C.G.; Technical  University  of
Denmark, chemistry Department, Ljngby,  Denmark

Part of Symposium on the Dse of  Isotopes and
Radiation in Research on Soil-Plant
Relationships, including applications  in
forestry. International Atomic Energy  Agency,
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Rations, Vienna, December 13-17,  1971;  1971

COPPER; CALCIOH; SOILS; ADSORPTION;  FIXATION;
AVAILABILITY; RELEASE

The examined soils obey the  Ratio Lav  for the ion
pair Cu-(Ca (I) Bg) . The copper equilibrium
activity ratio has the same  value regardless of
Ca concentrations op to 9.05 moles per  liter and
soil solution ratios  (1:10 - 1:40).  Thus the
value of the copper equilibrium  activity ratio  of
a given soil can be taken as a measure  of its
availability or intensity.   The  copper  Q/I
relations exhibit tvo parts:  (a)  a  curved lover
part and (b)  a linear upper  part.  The  slope of
the upper part can be used as a  tool for the
capacity factor, i.e. Copper Potential  Buffering
Capacity (PBC(Cu)).  The value of the  lover part
can be used as a crude measure of the  number of
sites holding Cu tightly, e.g.,  exchange sites
and completing sites.  Bost  of copper  added to
the soil vas fixed by air-drying.  Extraction by
0.1 R RC1 for several times  did  not  recover more
than 72 percent of the added Cu.   The  steady rate
of release of the fixed copper is very  lov,
indeed, compared to soil potassium.
528
A Statistical Evaluation of the
Inter-Relationships Between Particle Size
Fractions, Free Iron Oxide and Trace Elements.

Hair, K.P.P.; Cottenie, A.; State  University of
Ghent, Belgium

J. Soil Sci., 22, 203-209; 1971

ALOBINOB; ZINC; COPPER; BANGARESE; LEAD; IROR;
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TRACE ELSBBNTS;  BBTALS;
IRON OXIDES

Regression analysis indicated that total Fe vas
associated mainly vith the 0-2 micrometer
fraction, total Al and Cn vere associated mainly
vith the 2-10 micrometer fraction  and  total Zn,
Bn and Pb vith the 10-20 micrometer fraction.
Corresponding associations betveen extractable
contents and particle size fractions vere: Al,
0-2 micrometer; Zn, 2-10 micrometer; Ca, On, Pb
and Fe,  10-20 micrometer.
530
Fixation of Beavy Betal Ions in Soil by
2,«,6-Trimercapto-S-Triazine salts

Rakamura, T.; Dmehara, A.; Yamada, I.

Ger. Offen.(GillBI)  2200733  (a 01N), 20 Ang 1971,
17 p.  (patent) .; 1973

BERCAPTOTRIAZIRE; FIXATION;  BBTALS; SOILS;
TRIAZINB; MERCURY;  CADHIDB;  LEAD; COPPER
531
Betabolism of Beta Bethyl aalic-Acid by a Soil
Bacterium

Nakano, H. ; Sasaki, K. ; Kurokava, Y. ; Katsuki, H.

J Biochem (Tokyo) 70  (3) . 1971 H29-UUO.

ALPBA KBTO BUTYRIC-ACID;  ERZYBBS; CHROBATOGBAPHY;
GEL; BLECTROPRORBSIS; SOILS; BETABOLISH; BETA
BETHYL BALIC-ACID; BALIC ACID; BUTYRIC ACID
532
Agoeous Bigration of Chemical Elements in
Regional Plain-Type Landscapes

Nalivkin, Y.V.; Kazan. Gos. Oniv., Kazan, USSR

Sb. Aspir.  Rab., Kazan, Gos- Univ., Khim.,
Geogr., Geol.  (25QSAV) ,  83-7.; 1970

TRACI ELEHENTS; BIGHATION; iATEB;  SOILS;
LEACHING; ROCKS; REGIONAL PLAINS;  LANDSCAPE;
PLAINS; TRANSPORT
533
Improvement of Soil Polluted vith Heavy Hetals

Nanba, ».;  Nanba, T.;  Kiresuto Giken Co., Ltd.

Japan. Kokai, (JKXIAF) , 73 59087 (13(9)85), 3 p.
(patent) ;  1971

BETALS; SOILS; CHELATES; HEAVY HETALS
                                                    77

-------
 534-540
 531
 Effects  of  some  Environmental Factors on the
 Beaction qf the  Soil Hicroflora to Pesticides

 Naumann, K.;  Inst.  Phytopathol.  Aschersleben,
 Dtsch. Akad.  Landwirtschaftsviss., Berlin,  East
 Germany

 Zentralbl.  Bakteriol.,  Parasitenk.,  Infektionskr.
 Hyg.,  Abt.  2(ZBPIA9)  1972,  127(1)  379-96;  1972

 PESTICIDES;  SOILS;  ACTINOMYCETE;  VAPAM;  DAZOHET;
 ALLYL  ALUHINOH CASBIDE;  FORMALIN;  IATEB;
 KATES-BINDING; DECOMPOSITION; DEBYDROGBNATION;
 INHIBITION;  GBEENHOOSE;  BINDING

 Vapam  (0.15*), dazomet  (420 ppm) ,  allyl  A1C <200
 ppm),  and foraalin  (0.2%),  added  to  soil in
 greenhouse  boxes, inhibited growth of bacteria
 and  actinomycetes for a  longer period at 12-15
 degrees  than at  20  degrees. Inhibition of
 bacteria by these preperations was greater  at low
 or high  soil moisture (HO or 80%  water-binding
 capacity) than at intermediate soil  moisture
 (60%), whereas actinonycetes were  inhibited most
 strongly at intermediate and high  soil moisture.
 Dehydrogenase activity  was  generally increased
 and  cellulose decomposition decreased mora  in
 moist  than  in dry soil.  Covering  the treated soil
 with gas-in permeable plastic film  prolonged the
 inhibitory  action of the pesticides.
 535
 Effect  of  Soil  clay  Type  on  the  Availability of
 Zinc  in Some  Mediterranean Bendzina Soils

 Navrot, J.; Gal,  H.

 J. Soil Sci., 22(1),  1-«;  1971

 ZEA-MAYS-H; PLANTS;  ATTAPDLGITE;  HONTMOBILLONITE;
 PREDOMINANT MINERAL;  ZINC; AVAILABILITY;  SOILS;
 RENDZINA SOILS;  CLAY; COHN
 536
 Biodegradation  of  Phenylmercuric  Acetate by
 Hercory-Besistant  Bacteria

 Nelson, J.D.; Blair, W.;  Brinckman,  P.B.;
 Colwell, B.R.;  Iverson, H.P.;  Dep.  Microbiol.,
 Univ. Maryland,  College Park,  ad.

 Appl. Bicrobiol. (APHBAY)  1973,  26(3)  321-6;  1973

 PHENYLHERCOKY;  BACTERIA;  HEBCORY;  DEGRADATION;
 PHENYLHEBCORIC  ACETATE
537
The Chemistry of Zinc Added to Soils and  Clays

Nelson, J.L.; Nelsted, S.B.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.,  19,  fl39-«»3;  1955

ZINC; CHEMISTRY; SOILS; CLAY
538
Soil Organic Natter and Trace  Hetal  Interactions

Nelson, H.E.

Part of Hemphill, D.D.  (Ed.),  Trace  Substances in
Environmental Bealth-IV University of  Missouri,
Columbia, MO, June 23-25,  1971,  (p.  132-1*3),  156
p.; 1971, June

OBGANIC MATTEfi; SOILS; TRACE ELEMENTS;  TBANSPOBT
539
Fate of Trace-Metals  (Impurities)  in  Subsoils  as
Belated to the Quality of Ground Hater.;  Final
Bept.

Nelson, H.E.; Tuskegee Inst., Ala. Carver
Research Foundation.

Pro-). OHRR-B-028-ALA; Contract
DI-11-01-0001-3053; Monitoring Agency  Report No.
i73-07802, OHRR-B-028-ALA (3) : PB 219102/7;  181p.;
1972, September

HATER; GROUND HATER; TBACE ELEMENTS;  SOIL
CHEMISTRY; AGRICULTDBAL iASTES; PRECIPITATION;
ADSOBPTION; HONOFF; METALS;  CHELATION; LIGANDS;
FEBTILIZERS; CONCENTRATION;  ION EXCHANGE;
PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; SOILS; SUBSOILS

The report presents findings of a  two-year  study
of the ground water pollution hazard  from
trace-metals which are applied in  agricultural
chemicals.  The study establishes  whether
movement through the soil constitutes  a
significant source of trace-metals found  in
surface and ground water, identifies  the
properties of soils that control the  extent of
(guantity of) metals moving  in and through  the
soil, establishes the relation of  this movement
to the concentration of the  various metals  in  the
water originating on agricultural  lands,  and
examines the possible use of cationic  polymers or
other organic compounds in controlling the  extent
of trace-metals in water.
510
The Effect of Flooding and Aeration on the
Mobility of Certain Trace Elements in Soils

Ng, S.K.i Bloomfield, C.

Plant 8 Soil, 16, 108-135; 1962

FLOODING; AERATION; TBACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; IBON;
COBALT; NICKEL; ZINC; LEAD; VANADIUM; HOLYBDENOM;
CHBOMION

Iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, vanadium,
molybdenum, and chromium were mobilized when
soils were flooded and incubated anaerobically
with plant material.
                                                    78

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                                                                                                   541-546
541
Rates and Routes  of  Transport of PCB's in  tbe
Environment

Hisbet, I.C.T.; Sarofim,  A.F.

Environ. Health Perspect,  1,  21-38;  1972

PERSISTENCE; POLTCBIORIHATED  BIPBENYLS; AROCRLOB;
LANDFILLS; BITERS; LAKES;  SEDIBENTS;
VOLATILIZATION; AERIAL  TRANSPORT;  PALIOOT;
LEACHING; DOHPS;  SEA; OCEAN;  PBACTIONATION;
PBffTOLTTIC DECHPOSITI0»;  BETABOLISB;  EXCRETION;
DDT; RESIDUES; BALF-LIFE;  PCB;  SOILS

Because of their  vide dispersal and   persistence
in the environment and  tendency to accumulate in
food chains vith  possible  adverse  effects,
polychlorinated biphenrls  (PCB's)  give rise  to
general concern.  The sole manufacturer of PCB's
in North America  is  the  tlonsanto Company  (trade
name Arochlor).   Current  uses of PCB's are
enumerated. The company  has restricted sales of
Arochlors  based  on  possible  contamination of
food products.  Routes  into the environment  (in
north America) may occur  through landfill dumps,
through rivers and Great  Lakes'  sediments, or
through attachment to sediments on the
continental shelf.   Transfer  of PCB's may occur
through:  volatilization,  aerial transport on
particnlates, and fallout; leaching  from dumps;
sediment transport in rivers  and sea  sediments;
and sedimentation in the  ocean.   Processes by
which the compounds  of  PCB mixtures  may change
after release into the  environment are:
fractionation (according  to solubility and vapor
pressure of isomers); photolytic decomposition;
and metabolism and excretion.  In  analogy vith
DDT residues, PCB's  in  soil have a half-life of
about 5 years.   (83  references)
5«2
Effect of Chelating Agents on  the  Movement  of
Fission Products in Soil

Mishita, H.; Essington, E.B.;  University of
California, Los Angeles, California

Soil Science, 103,  168-176;  1967

CHELATION; ZINC 65; STRONTIOH  85;  STBONTIOH 90;
TTTRIUB 91; FDTHENIOB  106; CESIOB  137; CERIOS
1BS; PROHETBIOB 1«7; HOVEBENT;  SOILS;  FISSION
PRODDCTS

Chelating agents, ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic
acid (EDTA), carboxynethyliminobisethylenitrilotet
raacetic acid (DTP*),  and
ethylenediimincbisohydroxyphenylacetic acid
(EDDBA) , and deionized water were  evaluated as to
their ability to move several  radioactive fission
products (Sr 89, I 91. Ru 106, Cs  137, and  Ce
1U4) in different kinds of soils.  Different soils
exhibited considerable difference  in the
effectiveness of the various leaching  agents.
Irrespective of the kind of  soil,  the  order of
magnitude of movement by water  leaching generally
was Cs 137, I 91, Cd 1UU. Sr 89, Ru  106.  Except
in one soil (Hanford sandy loam) ,  practically no
movement of Cs 137, T 91, or Ce 111  occurred by
B20 leaching.   Among the Chelating agents,  the
effectiveness of EDDBA was generally the least,
while the relative effectiveness of  DTPA and EDTA
varied vith the soil and radionuclide.  The
possible causes for the variations in  the
effectiveness of different leaching  agents  in
different soils were discussed.
5U3
Stability of PCB in Soil  (Polychlorinated
Biphenyls)

Nissen, T.?.; statens Planteavls-Lab., Denmark

Tidsskr. Planteavl, 77 (It) , 533-9; 1973

AROCBL08; SOILS; BICROFLORA; POLTC HLORIHAT ED
EIPBENTLS; PCB; DEGRADATION

Arochlor  (polychlorinated biphenyls) was not
degraded after 9 weeks in moist soil at 25
degrees.  Carbon dioxide  production in the soil
was not affected by 1* Aroclor 1251.  Soil
microflora were apparently unable to degrade
polychlorinated biphenlys under favorable
conditions.
SUU
Equilibria of Betal Chelates in Soil Solution.

Norvell, W.A.

Part of flicronutrients in Agriculture.  Soil Sci.
Soc. Amer., Inc., 677 South Segoe Road, Badison,
iisconsin  53711, p. 115-136; 1972

EQOILIBRIDB; CBELATES; SOILS; TRACE ELEBENTS;
BICRONOTHIENTS
5«5
Reactions of Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic-Acid
Chelates of Iron Zinc, Copper and Banganese with
Soils

Norvell, K.A.; Lindsay, ».L.

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(5), 778-783; 1972

PB; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBBTRT;
BICROHOTHIENTS; FEBTILIZERS; IRON; ZINC; COPPER;
BANGANESE; SOILS; CBELATES

The Pe, Zn, Cn and Bn Chelates and the Na salt of
DTPA were reacted with suspensions of acid and
alkaline soils (suspension pH 5.8-7.9) for up to
30 days.  FeDTPA was effective in maintaining
soluble Fe and pB 5.8-7.3 and even at pH 7.9 more
than 30* of the added Fe remained soluble after
30 days in a calcareous soil.  DTPA was not
effective as a chelate for Zn and Cu in soils at
pB 5.8 and 6.2 but became more effective with
increasing pfl.  RnDTPA was unstable in all soils
and essentially all the Bn was lost from solution
in 3 days. In most soils, the Na salt of DTPA
reacted immediately to form Chelates with
whatever divalent and trivalent cations were
soluble or readily exchangeable.
5U6
Retention of EDTA Complexes of Fe, Zn, Hn, and Cu
Bith Soils

Norvell, W.A.;  Lindsay, H.L.

Soil Sci. Soc.  Amer. Proc., 33, 86-91; 1969

RETENTION; EDTA; IRON; ZINC; MANGANESE; COPPER;
SOILS; CBBLATES
                                                    79

-------
 547-553
 5U7
 Decachlorination  of  Polychlorinated  Biphenyls  and
 its  Application to  Soil  and  Bice  Analyses

 Nose,  K. ;  Natl. Inst.  Agric.  Sci., Tokyo,  Japan

 Nippon Hogei  Kagaku  Kaishi(NNKKAA) 1972, 46(12)
 679-81;  1972

 SOILS;  RICE;  PCB; POLYCHLOBINATED BIPHBNYLS;
 DECHLORINATIOH
551
Hicrobiology of Soils Contaminated with  Petroleum
Hydrocarbons. I.  Extent of Contamination  and
Some Soil and Bicrobial Properties After
Contamination

Odu, C.T.

J. Inst. Petrol., London (JIPEA6), 58(562(,
201-208; 1972

HYDROCARBONS; OILS; SOILS; PLANTS;
HICROORGANISHS; HICROBIOLOGY; PETBOLEOH
 548
 Diffusion  of  Iron  and  Iron  Chelates  in  Soil

 O'Connor,  G.A.;  Lindsay,  R.L.;  Olsen, S.B.; Colo.
 St.  Univ.,  Fort  Collins

 Proc.  Soil Sci.  Soc. Am., 35,  407-410;  1971

 UPTAKE;  SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; IRON; IBON
 CBELATES;  SOILS; DIFFUSION;  IRON  EDTA;  IBON DTPA;
 IBON EDDRA; LOAB;  SAND

 Self-diffusion coefficients of  Fe, FeEDTA, FeDTPA
 and  FeEDDHA in aqueous solutions  and of Fe and
 FeEDDHA  in sandy loam  and loam  soil  were
 determined using 59Fe. The uptake of 59Fe by
 sorghui  seedlings  from loaiy sand containing 10
 «Ci  59Fe/mg soil,  59Fe *  0.16,  0.4 or 0.8 ppm Ca
 as CaEDDHA and 0.16, 0.4  or 0.8 ppm  Fe  as FeEDDHA
 increased  linearly with Fe  concentration in
 solution.   Diffusion coefficients were  6.2 z
 1E-6,  5.«  x 1E-6,  14.2  x 1E-6,  and 3.9 X 1E-6
 cm2sec-1 for  Fe, FeEDDBA, FeDTPA  and FeEDTA,
 respectiTely.  Corrected  diffusion coefficients
 in soil  were  1.5 r 1E-7 and  1.85  x 1E-7 cm2sec^1
 for  Fe and FeEDDBA, respectively.
552
Effect of Continuous Application of Herbicides on
the Chemical Nature of Upland Soils

Oh, R.K.; Banic. Coll. Agric., S. Korea

Ban'Guk Toyang Biryo Bakhoe Chi(HTBHAY)  1973,
6(1)  9-16; 1973

HERBICIDES; SOILS; LOROX; PH; HOBOS; CALCIOH;
BAGNESIOS; SODIOB; POTASSIOB; 2,4-D; LASSO;
PHENYL ETREB; PHENOXIDE; SODIOB
PENTACRLOBOPHBNOXIDE; CABBON; SEED

Soil applications of the herbicide lorox  (0.15
kg/10 are), decreased the ph, organic content,
calcium, magnesium, and sodium of the soil and
increased potassium application of 4 other
herbicides, that is, 2,U-D, lasso,
2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether, and
sodium pentachlorophenoxide, increased the
organic carbon content in the soil. The
continuous application of herbicides may  alter
the need species in the field
 549
 Balance  of  Producers  and  Decomposers in a
 Grassland Ecosystem in Obihiro.   7.  BoTement  of
 Sodium,  Iron,  Banganese,  Zinc, Copper, Cobalt,
 and  Nickel

 O'Hara,  H.; Toshida,  N.;  Chang,  N. It.

 Nippon Sochi Gakkai-Shi  (NPSGAI),  18(2), 75-84;
 1972

 TBACE BLEBERTS; GBASSLAND BCOSTSTBH; SOILS;
 HOTEBENT; SODIUH; IBON; HAHGANESE; ZINC; COPPEB;
 COBALT;  NICKEL; TEBBBSTRIAL  ECOSYSTEMS
550
Predicted Distribution of Organic Chemicals  in
Solution and Adsorbed as a Function of Position
and Time for Various Chemical and Soil Properties

Oddson, J.K.; Letey, J.; Reeks, L.V.; Oniv.
California, Riverside, CA

Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 3«, 412-417; 1970

PESTICIDES; SDBPACTANTS; HODEL; BOVBHENT;
DIFFUSION; ORGANIC CHEHICALS; DISTRIBUTION;
ADSORPTION; BASS TRANSFER

Equations describing the mass transfer of organic
chemicals (such as pesticides and surfactants)
through soil are presented, suing a model with
the assumed relationship Delta t = Alpha  (Kc-S|
where S= adsorbed concentration and c and t  =
solution concentration and time, respectively  (K
and Alpha being constants); movement by diffusion
was assumed to be negligible.
553
Application of Isotope Techniques for Studies on
Bechanisms of Land Contamination and Rater
Pollution

Ohmomo, I.; Suzuki, H.; Saiki, B.

Part of Proc. Jap. Conf. Radioisotop. No. 10
(499-503); 1972, April

TBACER TECHNIQUES; RATER; ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;
BROHINB; DYSPROSIOH; BOROPIOB; FLOR RATE; INLAND
RATEB8AYS; TRACES; CEBIOH 144; CESIOB 137;
CONTABINATION; DRINKING HATER; FALLOOT DEPOSITS;
RADIOACTIVE RASTB DISPOSAL; ROTHENIUB 106;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; STRONTIOB 90; CORS; FISH;
IODINE 131; BILK; PLANTS; RADIOROCLIDE MIGRATION;
UPTAKE; LABELLED COBPOORDS; HEBCURY; BEBCUBY 203;
BADIOECOLOGY
                                                    80

-------
                                                                                                  554-559
554
Soil Properties and Processes in  Delation to
Waste Recycling and Disposal

Oldham, W.K.; dniv. of British Columbia, Canada

Presented at Conference, Land for Baste
Management, Ottawa, Canada, Oct.  1-3,  1973, p.
34-39; 1973, October

HASTE RBCTCLIHG; FILTRATION; REBOVAL;  DISPOSAL;
SPBAT IRRIGATION; PHOSPHATES; WASTB DISPOSAL;
HICHOBIOLOGT; WiSTEHATBH; FATE; BEBC08I; SOBBBNT;
HASTE GASES; HASTES; GASES; SOILS; RECYCLING

In papers on soil properties and  processes in
relation to vaste recycling and disposal, the
following topics are summarized:  spray
irrigation of secondary effluent; phosphate
removal by soil in relation to vaste disposal;
•icrobiology of soil for vastewater renovation;
the fate of applied mercury in soil; and soil as
a sorbent and filter of vaste gases.
555
Solnbilization by Biochemical deans of Arsenic
Bound to Iron in the Soil

Olivier, B.R.; Le Peintre, H.

Ann. Inst. Pasteu, 88, 668-671;  1955

IRON; SOILS; ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION; ARSENIC

The anaerobic fermentation or organic substances
dissolves by reducing the Fe in  soil and causing
the As to pass into solution.
556
Content, Distribution and Forms of Iron in  Soils
of Western Andalusia. 3. Total and Free Iron in
Relation to the Chemical Composition of the Soils

Olmedo, J.; Panegue, G.; Centro de Edafologia  y
Biologia Aplicada del Cuarto, Sevilla, Spain

Anales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia, 30(7/8) ,
633-645; 1971

DISTRIBUTION; SOILS; IRON; DOBILIZATIOR; IRON
OXIDES

Except in a ferritic brown earth, total Fe2O3  in
western Andalnsian soils varied between 2 and  61!;
free Fe (Deb) was always less than 1%.  The
ferritic brown earth contained 35-55* total Fe2O3
and U% free Fe203.  Chemical analysis shoved that
the content and mobilization of Fe could be
related to the amount and type of total Si02 and
the proportion of A12O3 and CaO.
558
Desorption of Copper and Cobalt Cations from
Chernozem and a Sod-Podzolic Soil

Orlova, L.P.; Ivanov, D.N.; Pochv. Inst. Im.
Doknchaeva, Boscow, OSSR

Pochvoedenie (PVDEAZ), 2, 31-36; 1974

CATIONS; DESOBPTION; SOILS; COPPER; COBALT;
CHERNOZEM; PODZOL
559
Recommended Bethods of Reduction, Neutralization,
Recovery, or Disposal of Hazardous Waste

Ottinger, R.S.;  Blnmenthal, J.L.; Dal Porto,
D.F.; Santy, H.J.; TRW Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.

Final Report, Vol. XV, Research S Development
Plans; PB-224 594/2 
-------
 560-565
 560
 Cadmium Residues in the Environment

 Page,  A.L.;  Bingham, F.T.;  Dep.  Soil Sci.  Agric.
 Eng.,  Univ.  California, Riverside, Ca

 Residue Rev.(RREVAH) 1973,  
-------
                                                                                                  566-572
566
Selenium Status of Soils and Common Fodders  In
Gujarat

Patel, C.A.; Hehta. B.V.; Inst. Agric., Gujarat,
India

Indian J. Agric. Sci., <40, 389-399; 1970

CLAY; PH; FODDER; GYPSUM; SELBNIOB; PLANTS;  SOILS

Total selenium in soil vas 0.1*2-0.678 ppm iiith
an average of 0.375 ppm, and vater-soluble
selenium vas 0.051-0.121 ppm vith an average of
0.079 ppm.  Rater-soluble selenium was positively
correlated vith total selenium and clay content,
and negatively correlated vith soil pH.  The
selenium content of fodder plants vas  positively
correlated vith the water-soluble selenium
content of the soil.  In pot experiments, the
injurious effect of application of 2 ppm selenium
vas decreased by application of selenium as
gypsum.
567
Metal Toxicities arising from Industry

Patterson, J.B.E.; Agricultural Developient and
Advisory Service, Cambridge, England

Trace Elements in Soils and Crops, Technical
Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and
Pood, 21, 193-207; 1971

SOILS; TRACE ELEHEHTS; SEWAGE SLUDGE; 1ASTB
DOBPS; DREDGING; SPOILS; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
EMISSIONS; AIR: CHIBNEYS; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
IHDOSTRIAL BASTES; METALS

Data are presented on the guantities of toxic
elements in the soil arising fro* sevage sludge,
dumps of vaste, dredgings and spoil from rivers
and estuaries, emissions from chimneys, vehicle
exhausts and miscellaneous sources.
                                                           Onder  free-draining conditions  in laboratory
                                                           experiments  vith de-ionized  CO2-free  or
                                                           CO2-ansaturated vater, ferric and silico-ferric
                                                           gels vere  unstable and changed  early  into
                                                           crystalline  oxides  (haematite).  Kith a  solution
                                                           containing 200 mg/1 Si02, even  under  strong
                                                           leaching conditions, the chemical and
                                                           •ineralogical nature of the  gels vere unaltered.
                                                           Results are  discussed vith reference  to
                                                           soil-forming processes.
                                                           570
                                                           Kinetics of the  Decomposition  in the  Soil  of
                                                           C11-Labeled Urea as  a  Function of the Soil
                                                           Moisture Content,  the  Introduction of Pesticides
                                                           and  Lime,  and Soil pH

                                                           Pel'tser,  A.S. ;  Timiryazev  Agr. Acad.,  Hoscov,
                                                           OSSR

                                                           Agrokhimiya, 10, 32-37;  1972

                                                           SOILS; TRACER; SOIL  BOISTBRE;  PH; LIME;  ATRAZIHE;
                                                           TBICHLORPOH; MEHCOHI CHLORIDE;  COPPER NITRATE;
                                                           SILVER NITRATE;  DECOMPOSITION;  UREA

                                                           The  effects of soil  moisture content,  soil pH,
                                                           lice, atrazine,  trichlorfon, mercury  chloride,
                                                           copper nitrate,  and  silver  nitrate vere  studied
                                                           on the rate of decomposition of ell-labeled urea
                                                           in a  laboratory  test.  The  presence of atrazine,
                                                           trichlorfon, copper  nitrate, silver nitrate,  and
                                                           mercury chloride in  the  soil reduced  the
                                                           decomposition rate of  urea.  Tvo hundred mg of
                                                           atrazine per kg  of soil  increased the time
                                                           reguired (from 55  to 75  hours)  for the
                                                           decomposition of 10  mg of urea per 100 g of soil
                                                           vith  60X moisture  content,  a temperature of 18 C,
                                                           and  a pB value of  6.7.   An  egual dose of
                                                           trichlorfon inhibited  the total decomposition of
                                                           urea  in soil after 36  hours, by vhich time 80% of
                                                           the  total  urea introduced vas  decomposed.
568
Geocheaical Principles of the Distribution of
Trace Elements in Soils

Pedro,  G.; Delmas, A-B.;  Stn. Cent. Agron., INRA,
78-Versailles, Prance

innls agron., 21, U83-518; 1970

TRACE ELEBENTS; ROCKS; MINERALS; DISTRIBUTION;
PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOILS; REVIEW

Trace elements in rocks and minerals, and their
distribution as affected by pedological processes
are revieved vith 16 references.
569
Experimental Investigations on the Behaviour of
Ferric Hydrates and Amorphous Silico-Ferric
Constituents Under Leaching Conditions

Pedro, G.; Helfi, A.J.; Inst. Natn. Rech. Agron.,
Versailles, France

Pedologie, Gand, 20, 5-33; 1970

HAEBATITE; FERRIC HYDRATES; FERRIC GELS;
SILICO-FEHRIC GE1S; IRON; SILICON; LEACHING;:
OXIDES; SOIL-FORBING PROCESSES; TRANSFORMATION
                                                           571
                                                           Distribution  of Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron,
                                                           Manganese,  Nickel,  Lead and  Zinc,  in  Dissolved
                                                           and  Particnlate Solids From  Tvo  Streams  in
                                                           Tennessee

                                                           Perhac,  R. H.

                                                           J. of  Hydrol.,  15,  177-186;  1972

                                                           DISTRIBUTION; CADMIDB; COBALT; COPPER; IRON;
                                                           BANGANESE;  NICKEL;  LEAD; ZINC; STREAMS;  DISSOLVED
                                                           SOLID  S; PARTICOLATES
                                                           572
                                                           A  Rapid Method of  Evaluating the Zinc  Status  of
                                                           Coastal Plain Soils

                                                           Perkins, H.F.

                                                           Commun Soil Sci Plant  Anal  1(1), 1970, 35-
-------
 573-580
 573
 Hovement  of  iater-Borne  Cadmium  and  Hexavalent
 Chromium  Hastes  in  South Farlingdale,  Nassau
 County, Long Island,  New York

 Perliutter,  N.H.; Lieber,  H.;  Frauenthal,  H.I.

 U.S.  Geol.  Surv., Profess.  Papers  «75-C,
 C179-C18*;  1963

 BOVEHENT; CADBIUH;  HEIAVALBNT CHROBIOB; CHROHIUH;
 HATER; INDUSTRIAL EFFLOEHTS
 57 U
 The  Circulation of  Pollutants in  the  Biosphere

 Pesson,  P.;  Inst. Nat.  Agronom.,  Paris

 Econ.  Bed.  Anil., 11/1,  3-10; 1973

 DISPERSION;  TROPHIC LEVELS;  CIRCULATION;
 TRANSPORT;  TERRESTRIAL  ECOSISTEH;  AQUATIC
 ECOSTSTEHS;  PESTICIDES;  RADIOACTIVITY;  BIOSPHERE;
 BIOTRANSFORflATIOH;  FOOD  CHAINS

 The  circulation cf  pollutants occurs  mainly
 through  two  different yet  complementary routes.
 Firstly,  pollutants Bay  be transported  physically
 in their gaseous, solid  or disolved state which
 lead to  their  progressive  dispersion.   Secondly,
 they lay be  transported  by biologic Beans, using
 the  extremely  complex trophic networks  which
 unite the organisms of  terrestrial and  aquatic
 ecosystems.  The functional  nature and
 environmental  effects of these two routes of
 pollution circulation are  examined and  discussed,
 with particular attention  to the  transport of
 pesticide and  radioactive  pollutants.
 575
 Vegetation  and  Hetal  Toxicity in  Relation  to  nine
 and  Hill  Hastes.  An  Annotated  Bibliography
 Useful in Evaluating  Available  Literature

 Peterson, H.B.;  Honk, R.

 Circ. Otah  Agric. Exp. Stn,  1«8,  75  p.;  1967

 VEGETATION; BIBLIOGRAPHY;  BIKING;  HILLS; HBTALS;
 INDUSTRIAL  HASTES; REVEGETATIOH
576
Leachates Quality from Acidic Hine Spoil
Fertilized with  liquid Digested  Sewage Sludge

Peterson, J.P.;  Gschwind, J. ; Research and
Development Dept., Hetropolitan  Sanitary District
of Greater Chicago, Chicago, IL

J. Environ. Quality, 1 («) ,  U10-2; 1972

HINE SPOILS; ACID HINE DRAINAGE; PH; SLUDGE;
SEHAGE SLUDGE; SDLFATES; ZINC; HAGNESIDR;
ALOHIHOH; IRON; LEACBATES; NITRIFICATION;
HATER-HOLDING CAPACITY

Leachate quality from spoil  material was upgraded
by incorporating lagooned sewage sludge into the
spoil mass.  There was an immediate increase in
pH, which can go to the alkaline side with higher
sludge rates.  Important reductions occurred with
aluminum (up to 99%), iron (op to SOX) , soluble
salts (up to 
-------
                                                                                                    581-586
581
The Specific adsorption  of Copper by Clay
Binerals and Soil Fractions

Plessis, S.F.;  Burger, H.D.

Agrochemophysica, 3(1),  1-10;  1971

CLAT; ADSORPTION; PH; COPPBH;  SOUS

Soil clays adsorbed  about  1100 microgram Co/g of
clay, as compared vith 300 microgram/g  of pace
clay.  The silt fraction also  adsorbed  Co.
Adsorption capacity  was  influeced by pB and the
presence of other cations.
582
Behavior of Sercury Compounds  in  Soils:
Accumulation and Evaporation

Poelstra, P.; Frissel (I.J.; Tan Der  Klngt,  ».;
Tap, ».; Association Buratom-ITAL, Institute  for
Atomic Sciences in Agriculture, Rageningen, the
Motherlands

Part of FAO/ IAEA/WHO Symposium en Comparative
Aspects of Food and Environmental Contamination,
Held at Belsinki, Finland,  1973,  SA/175/46, 9p.;
1973

BEBCdRT; SOILS; FUNGICIDES; ATOHIC ABSORPTION
SPECTBOPHOTOHETBT; NEUTRON  ACTIVATION  AHALTSIS;
HEBCURT 203; HETBTLBERCDRT; DIHETHYLBSRCURT;
BERCURY CHLORIDE

The background Mercury concentration in  the top
20 centimeters of 10 uncontaiinated European
soils vas 0.02 to 0.10 ppm  (average 0.07); the
concentration was lover in  the 20-100  cm. depth.
In the bulb growing area  (where lercury
fungicides had been used for many years) the
concentration was about twice  as  high  over the
whole ploughing depth.  The rate  of accumulation
is low; the rate of leaching is low, as  is the
rate of volatilization.  Still higher  values  (up
to 10 ppm) are found in areas  flooded  by the
heavily polluted Bhine river.  In some areas
reclaimed 50 years ago, the soil  was evidently
contaminated then and still is.   Evidently, there
is some mercury being deposited with rain in
almost all areas:  this comes  from fossil fuels,
smelters, etc. and is higher near industrialized
areas.   Experiments shoved that dimethyl mercury
evaporated quickly from soils; mercury as the
chloride hardly at all and as  CB3 Hg Cl  or
mercury metal very slowly (1/2 to 1 percent in
about 6 months from the experimental soil columns
kept at 20 degrees C).  Continuous or  interrupted
leaching may have affected the volalization
slightly; the former increasing it for CB3BgCl
and decreasing it for metallic mercury.
583
Accumulation and Distribution of Bercury in Dutch
Soils

Poelstra, P.; Frissel, H.J.; Van Der Klugt, H.;
Bannink, D.I.; Inst. At. Sci. Agric., Assoc.
Euratom, Hageningen, Neth.

Meth. J. Agr. Sci. (HETHAW) 1973, 21(1) 77-84;  1973

BERCURY; SOILS; PASTURES; ACCOBOLATIOH;
DISTRIBUTION; CROPS; ORGAHOHETALLICS; PESTICIDES;
PLANTS; REVIEW
Gives results of mercury contents survey for
different types of soil in Holland.  Good
reference source for behaviour of mercury in the
ground.
 584
 Metabolism of Benz(a) Pyrene by the Hicroflora of
 Various Soils and by Particular Species of
 Bicro-Organisms

 Poglazova, H.N.; Fedoseeva, G.B.; Khesina, A.I.;
 Bikrobiol. Akad. Nauk SSSB

 Dokl. Akad. Nank SSSB, 198, 1211-1213; 1971

 BENZ (A) PYRENE; POLICTCLIC; AROHATIC HTDBOCARBOHS;
 SOILS; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; TRAFFIC BASTE; OIL
 INDOSTBI PRODUCTS; BICBOOBGANISHS; BBKZOPYBENB;
 BBNZO(A) PYHEHE; HTDBOCARBONS; BAP; BICROFLOBA;
 BICROOBGANISBS

 In meat-peptone broth containing benz(a) pyrene,
 incubation with a soil only slightly contaminated
 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with a soil
 heavily contaminated by industrial and traffic
 waste, and with a soil heavily contaminated by
 oil-industry products and polycyclic aromatic
 hydrocarbons, decreased the content of
 benz (a) pyrene by 20, 40 and 00%, respectively.
 Inoculating previously sterilized soil with
 BACILLOS SPBAERICOS, BACILLUS BESATERIUfl HUTILATE
 or PSEUDOBONAS-146 guickly decomposed 48-59* of
 the benz (a)pyrene in the slightly contaminated
 and 75-86X of that in the other two soils.
585
Nonexchangable Copper Bound to
Copper-Bontmorillonite.  2.

Polacek, S.; Galba, J.; Univ. Agric., Nitra,
Czechoslavakia

Pol'Nohospodarstvo(POLBAJ)  1973, 1(3) 177-83; 1973

B01TBOBILLONITE; COPPER; BINDING; FERTILIZES
586
Retention of Chloride in the 0 us at u rated Zone

Pollock, S.J.; Toler, L.G.

J. Research, 2(1), 119-123; 1974, Jan.-Feb.

SODIUB; CALCIUB; SALTS; ICE; SNOW; HIGHWAYS;
WATER; VEGETATION; CHLOBDANE; SAND; SILT; SODIUB
CHLORIDES; DISTRIBUTION; PRECIPITATION; SOILS

The use of sodium and calcium salts for melting
ice and snow on highways is common in the
northern U.S.; as deicing salts are dispersed
they damage soil, vegetation, and water.  Some of
the chloride from predominantly sodium chloride
deicing salts that enters the ground is retained
in the unsaturated zone.  In sand and silt at
Chelmsford, Bass., the amount of chloride
retained in the unsaturated zone to a depth of
4.6m ranged from 15-55% of the annual amount
applied to highways as sodium chloride in
1965-69.  Soil grain size, d»pth to the water
table, and amount and seasonal distribution of
precipitation control the amount of chloride
retained in the unsaturated zone.  (6 references)
                                                    85

-------
587-593
 587
 The Effects of Tcace Metals on Ground Hater
 Quality as Influenced by Soils Reflecting
 Differences in Organic Hatter Content and Genetic
 Conditions

 Ponder, F.; Tuskegee Inst., Ala.

 Thesis, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama; Honitoring
 Agency Rept. Ho. »7»-02211, OHRH-B-028-ALA(«);
 Proj. OHBB-B-028-ALA; 69 p.; 1971, Hay

 TRICE METALS; GROUND WATER; SOILS; GENETIC
 CONDITIONS; ZINC; ABSOBPTIOH; LEACHING; HUN OFF;
 BATEB; DIVALEHT; LEACHIHG

 A review of literature on the correlation between
 organic tatter and zinc content of soil and an
 investigation of zinc absorption using four
 different types of soil.  These soils, which were
 selected to represent a wide range of organic
 •atter contents and qenetic conditions, were
 prepared and submitted to studies of zinc
 adsorption and leaching. Soil and run-cff water
 were analyzed for zinc content.  It is concluded
 that organic latter is lainly responsible for the
 retention of zinc or other divalent letal by
 foriing stable coiplezes.  Groundwater having
 passed through soils high rather than low in
 organic latter will contain lesser quantities of
 divalent cations.
 588
 Hobile Foris of Silica,  Manganese,  and
 Sesgniozides in Light Siecozeis of  the Golodnaya
 Steppe

 Popova, T.p.

 Nanch. Tr.,  Tashkent. Gos.  Univ. (NTGLAZ)  1971,
 Mo. 116, ()  62-6; 1971

 SOILS; MANGANESE; SESQOIOIIDES; SILICA; ALUMINOH
 OXIDE; IROH; MOBILITY
 589
 Retention and Volatilization  of Lindane and DDT
 in the Presence of Organic Colloids Isolated froi
 Soils and Leonardite

 Porter,  L.K.;  Beard, B.B.

 J.  Agr.  Food  Chei.,  16,  344;  1968

 LINDANE;  RETENTION;  VOLATILIZATION;  DDT;  ORGANIC
 COLLOIDS; SOILS;  LBOMAHDITB
 590
 The  Distribution  and  Mature  of  Arsenic  in  Soils
 of the Bathnrst,  Hew  Brunswick,  District

 Presant, E.B.; Tupper, R.M.

 Scon. Geol, 61,  1760-767;  1966

 DISTRIBUTION; ARSENIC; SOILS
591
A Beview of Transnranic Eleients in  Soils,
Plants,    and Aniials

Price, K.R.; Battelle Northwest Lab.,  Bichland,
«A  99352

J. Environ. Qual., 2(1), 62-66; 1973

DISTRIBUTION; FATE; TEBBESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM;
RADIONOCLIDES;            TRANSOBAMIC  ELEMENTS;:
SOILS; PLANTS; ANIMALS; OBGANIC COMPLEXES;
CHELATION;     MOBILITY; OXIDATION STATE;
REDUCTION: INGESTION; ASSIMILATION;  UPTAKE;
BEVIES;  NEPTUNIUM; PLUTONIUM; AMBHICIUM; CURIUM;
HALF-LIFE; BYPRODUCTS; NUCLEAR         REACTORS;
TRANSPORT

Published information concerning the distribution
and fate of Np, Pu, Ai, and Ci in terrestrial
ecosysteis is reviewed; areas needing  further
study   are identified.  In the final  analysis of
environmental quality, radionuclides   with very
long half lives will become increasingly
important to hnians as they  continually
constitute a greater proportion of environmental
radioactivity.     The transaranic elements are
the lost hazardous radionnclide by-products of
nuclear reactor operations.  The relatively few
studies conducted indicate that transaranic
elements do not remain in solution in  soils,
plants or animals, but organic complexes and
chelation greatly enhance mobility. The
elucidation of    natural organic comlezes and
chelating agents was not attempted.  Oxidation
state also influences mobility, but possible
biological mechanisms permitting   oxidation or
reduction remain uninvestigated.  Inqestion is
the most important  transfer mechanism in
ecosystems, but assimilation of transuranics from
natural food sources is mostly unknown.  Evidence
in the literature suggests 3 possible  mechanisms
leading to the observed increase in plant uptake
with time:  the     formation of organic
complexes or chelates, a buildup of radionnclide
concentration at root surface or the
slow but continual uptake by perennial
plants.  Each of these mechanisms deserves
further study.
592
Plant Ecology of Serpentine.  2.  Influence of a
High flagnesinm/Calcium Batio and High Nickel and
Chromium Levels in Some British and Swedish
Serpentine Soils

Procter, J.

J. Ecol. 59(3) , 827-842; 1971

MAGNESIUM; CALCIUH; NICKEL; CBBOHIOH; SEBPENTINE
SOILS; PLANTS
593
Effect of the pH and Salt Concentration on Zinc
Sorption by Soils

Prokhorov, V.H.; Gromova, E.A.

Sov. Soil Sci.  (Engl. Transl. Pochvovedenie),
3(6) , 693-699;  1971

PB; SALT; ZINC; SORPTIOB; SOILS; ORGASIC MATTES
                                                    86

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                                                                                                   594-600
591
Consequences of Trace Element Contamination of
Soils

pnrves, D.: Edinburgh School of  Agriculture,
Edinburgh, Scotland

Environmental Pollution, 3, 17-28;  1972

TBACE ELEHERTS; OBBAR; BUBAL; SOILS; PLARTS;
FOODS; SPBCTBOGBAPHY; BOROH; COPPEB; LEAD; ZIRC;
SOOT; ASH; COHPOST; SEWAGE SLDDGE;  AVAILABILITY;
OPTAICE; LEACHIRG; RITROGBR RBQOIBBEIITS;
CELLOLOSE; FEBTILIZEBS; LETTOCB; CABBAGES; BBA1IS;
PEAS; POTATOES; BTPOCHLOBOSIS; CBBOHIOH;  NICKEL;
HEBBAGE; FLDOBIDES; HIGHBAI PBOT.IHITY; SDBFACE
CORTAHIRATIOR; OATS; RADISHES; CLOVES; GRASSES;
PEBSISTERCE; AIB

The chemical composition of the  bulk of the food
ve eat has been profoundly modified by the
intensification of the leans of  food production
and as a result of the general contamination of
the environment.  Contamination  of  the soil in
urban and industrial areas Kith  potentially toxic
trace elements is an important aspect  of
environmental pollution vhich can affect  the
composition of food.  Contamination of soils vith
elements such as copper, lead and zinc appears to
be largely irreversible and sources of this kind
of contamination are discussed.  Evidence is
presented that the trace element content  of
plants grown on contaminated soils  can be
enhanced and that deleterious effects  on  plant
growth are possible.
per se has no deleterious effect on arsenite
oxidation.  Arsenite is adsorbed by soil, the
extend of adsorption at pR 7 being directly
proportional to the concentration of arsenite.  A
small but constant amount of arsenite is
apparently bound irreversibly to the soil.  The
final rates of arsenite oxidation by soils
repeatedly perfused vith arsenite depend on the
pB of the perfusate and the concentration of
arsenite.  After many perfnsions of sodium
arsenite at pH 7 the oxidizing ability of an
enriched soil decreases.  Soils enriched vith
arsenite-oxidizing organisms are capable of
enrichment also vith nitrifying organisms.  These
organisms apparently develop at separate sites on
the soil surfaces.  This accounts for the fact
that repeated alternate perfnsions vith ammonium
ions and vith sodium arsenite result in rates of
nitrification and arsenite oxidation almost
identical vith those of soils exposed to either
substrate alone.  The extents of oxygen uptake of
enriched soils in the presence of sodium arsenite
vere measured manometrically; the amounts vere
those predicted for oxidation to arsenate.
598
Plant Op take of Soil and Atmospheric Lead in
Southern California

Babinovitz, II.

Chemosphere, 1(4), 175-80; 1972

PLiSTS; SOILS;  AIB; ATBOSPHERE; UPTAKE;  LEAD
595
Selenium in Ground and Surface Raters

Quentin, K.E.; Feller. L.

Vom. Was., 3
-------
 601-607
 601
 Soil Organic Hatter-Metal  Complexes:   5.
 Reactions of Zinc with Model  Coifounds and  Humic
 He id

 Randhava, N.S.;  Broddbent,  F.E.

 Soil Sci., 99,  295-300;  1965

 HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS;  ZINC;  HBTALS;  ORGANIC HATTER;
 HOBOS
 602
 Sorption of  Lead by  Bydroas  Ferric Oxide

 Rao Gadde,  R.;  Laitinen,  B.A.;  Sch.  Chem.  Sci.,
 Oniv.  Illinois,  Ocbana,  IL

 Environ. Lett.  (EVLTAI)  5(U)  223-35;  1973

 LEAD;  SORPTION;  IBOH;  OXIDE;  SOILS;  FERRIC
 OXIDES;  PR;  SEDIBENTS;  RUNOFF;  ACID  HIRE
 DRAINAGE; ADSORBTION;  HTDHOOS FERRIC OIIDE;
 HYDROUS  MANGANESE OIIDES; ADSORPTION

 Sorption of  lead on  synthetic hydrous ferric
 oxide  as a  function  of lead  concentration  and  pH
 is described.   The environmental  consequences  of
 reversible  lead  sorption with pR  are discussed.
 Hydrous  ferric  oxide,  whether in  soils,
 sediments,  or acid line  runoffs can  adsorb large
 amounts  of  lead  at a favorable  pR and release  it
 quickly  as  the  pB decreases.
 603
 The Arsenic  Content  in  Soil  Following  Repeated
 Applications of  Granular  Paris Green

 Rath burn, C.B.

 Mosquito  News, 26(U), 537-39; 1966

 ARSENIC;  GRANULAR PARIS GREEN; SCILS;  PESTICIDES



 604
 Cadmium:  Production, Use  and Residues  in the
 Environment  in Finland

 Rautapa, J.;  Advis.  Comm. Poisons, Finland

 Kern. Teollisnas  (ICETEA9) , 30(10), 465-7; 1973

 RE?IBS; CADMIOM; RESIDUES; CADBIOB PRODUCTION
and clays has been found to  be effected  by
various abiotic parameters in the environment.
The adsorption of methyl and inorganic mercury  by
sands vas found to be  inhibited  by chlorides,
depended on pH, inhibited by the dissolved
oxygen, and effected by the particle  size of the
sands.  The capacitance for  mercury by clays was
found to be inhibited  by chlorides and humates,
and to be amphoteric for various clays at
fluctuating pB's.  Both oxide and sulfide
minerals appeared to have a high tendency to
adsorb inorganic mercury, but since methylmercury
has a low affinity for oxygen, only the  sulfide
minerals will adsorb methylmercury.   The degree
of mercury adsorption  by oxide minerals  was found
to be a function of the oxide's  solubility in
aqueous solutions.  The minerals' adsorptive
capacity for both methyl and inorganic mercury
vas inhibited by excess sulfide, chlorides,
complexing agents, reducing agents, and  dissolved
oxygen (enhanced oxide mineral adsorption) . The
order of mercuric chloride adsorption by minerals
is illustrated below:  sulfide minerals greater
than Fe(2)0(3) and flnO (2)  greater than apatite
calcite greater than silica.  The inorganic
constituents of the sediment have a great
affinity for both inorganic and  methylmercnry,
and amazingly under aerobic conditions,  the three
dimensional clays, montmorillonite and Illite,
have been found to have the greatest capacity for
methylmercnry of the natural sediments.  The
order of uptake of both inorganic arid organic
mercury by inorganic constituents of the natural
sediment is elucidated belov:  For mercuric
chloride, BgCl(2).  sulfide minerals greater than
illitegreater than reduced sands greater than
montmorillonite greater than oxide.  Minerals
greater than fine sands and kaolinite.   For
methylmercuric chloride, CB(3)BgCl.  snlfide
minerals greater than  illitegreater than
montmorillonite greater than fine san ds.
606
A Bierarchy of Models for the Behavior of Mercury
in the Ecosystem

Reiniger, P.; Frissel, H.J.; Poelstra, P.; Seek,
Part of welsh, c.N.  (Ed.), International Atomic
Energy Agency Proceedings Series.  Nuclear
Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Symposium,
Dnipnb, Inc., New Tork, NT, (p. »07-
-------
                                                                                                   608-612
608
Application of Thermal Atomizaticn to  the
Determination of a Variety of Trace Elements  in
Soils and Rocks

Riandey, c.; Pinta, H.; Lab. Spectrogr., Orstom,
Bondy, France

Analosis, 2(3),  179-185;  1973

SOILS; ANALYSIS; TRACK ELEHENTS;  BOCKS; CHROHIOH;
SILVER; COPPEBj LEAD; Zinc;  ATOHIC ABSORPTION;
ATOHIZATION; GEOLOGY; TBERHAL ATOHIZATION;
DETEBHINATION
609
Adsorption of Copper on Quartz

Richardson, P.H.; BavKes, H.B.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.,  IS, 6-9;  1958

COPPER; QUARTZ;  ADSORPTION;  BINEBALS



610
The Persistence  of Heavy Hetals  in Soils  and
natural Vegetation Following  the Closure  of a
Shelter

Roberts, T.N.; Goodman, G.T.; Department  of
Botany, University College  of Svansea,  Swansea,
Hales; Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of  Toronto, Toronto,
Canada; Department of Applied Biology,  Chelsea
College, University of London, London,  England

Part of Bemphill, O.D.  (Ed.) , Seventh  Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Held at  Remorial Onion,  University of
Hissouri-Columbia, Columbia,  HO, June  12-14,
1973; 1973

SLAG; VEGETATION; FALLOUT;  LEAVES; ZINC;  LEAD;
CADHIOH; HICKEL; COHCBHTRATIOH;  LEACHING; COPPER;
PERSISTENCE; SHELTERS; SOILS; GRASSES;  SEASONAL
VARIATIONS; EPIPBTTIC BOSS; BIOINDICATOBS;
TAILINGS; REFIMEBIES; HOSSES; AIR

The lower Swansea Valley in South Hales was the
center of Britain's copper  and zinc smelting
industry in the  nineteenth century.  It is now an
area of extreme  industrial dereliction, with
numerous slag heaps and tailing  damps.  It is
virtually devoid of vegetation.  Betal  levels
downwind of the  smelter were high, but  the
relative contributions to this of the  old spoil
heaps, as opposed to the remaining producing
zinc-lead smelter and nickel refinery,  were
difficult to elucidate.  Closure of the smelter
in Hay, 1971, however, resulted  in a gradual, but
marked decrease  of zinc, lead and cadmium fallout
downwind.  Shutdown of the smelter coincided with
an accelerated decrease of the heavy metal
content of leaves of the grass Festuca  rnbra.
Lead levels decreased by a factor of ten, i.e.,
from 1500 to 150 ppm dry weight  and cadmium
levels fell from US to 11 ppm.   In the  following
autumn the zinc, lead and cadmium levels  rose by
only a factor of two as a new, much lower pattern
of seasonal fluctuations emerged.  In contrast,
the nickel content of Festuca leaves rose
following the smelter shutdown,  being  26  ppm in
January, 1972 compared to 20 ppm in January,
1971.  In contrast to Festuca, the zinc, lead and
cadmium content  of the epiphytic moss,  HYPNDB
CUPRESSIFOBHE VAH. FILIFORHE fell only  slowly,
which indicates  that this 'monitor' species may
reflect a pollution episode long after  the
emission has ceased.  The small  variation of
metal levels in Hypnum due to the annual growth
cycle suggests that epiphytic mosses are useful
monitors of atmospheric metal fallout.  In marked
contrast to the rates of fall in metal
concentration of Festnca; the available soil
levels decreased only slowly throughout the
sampling period and showed no seasonal pattern.
Zinc levels decreased the most, e.g., from 1554
ppm in April, 1971 to 1028 ppm in April, 1972.
Rates of leaching were calculated, which
suggested a return to 'background' levels for
lead and cadmium within a period of 3-4 years.
However, copper levels were still elevated in
soils near a copper smelter which had closed in
1925.  This persistence in soils may still
present a problem.
611
Effect of Foundry Smoke at Freiberg and
Halsbrnecke on the Trace-Element Content in Soil

Roesler, B.J.; Beuge, P.; Hueller, E.

Bergakademie, 21, 386-397; 1969

FODNDRT SHORE; SHORE; VALLEYS; SLOPES; HILLSIDES;
CBIHNEYS TRACE ELEHENTS; LEAD; ZINC; ARSENIC;
TIN; SILVER; SOILS

The regional distribution of Pb, Zn, Sn, As and
Ag were evaluated and plotted from 450 spectral
analyses of soil samples from an area of 500 sg
km.  Foundry smoke from Freiberg, Balsbruecke and
Holdenhnetten appreciably affected trace-element
content but the effect was confined to the A(1)
horizon.  Smoke of the Freiberg type could affect
the trace-element content of an area over 200 sq
km.  The weather slopes of hillsides and major
valleys could be particularly affected, depending
on chimney heights.
612
Hodel Experiments on the Downward Higration of
Artificial Radioactive Haterials in Soils

Rohleder, K.; staatl. Chen. Ontersuch.  Amt,
Braunschweig

Kerntechn. Atomproaxis, 15(7),  301-305;  1973

SOILS; RADIOIOSTOPES; CESIDH; ANTIRONY;  CESIDH
137; ANTIHOHY 125; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION;
GROUND HATEB

The lower the exchange capacity of a particular
soil and the lower the distribution coefficient
of a particular nuclide the more easily  will the
nuclide penetrate into the deeper layers of that
soil.  In contrast to other nuclides,  Sb 125 is
practically not retained by soil at all. The
distribution of various nuclides in the  soil does
not depend on the time over which a given amount
of precipitation percolates through the  soil,  but
acidity of the water reduces elution.  The depth
of penetration of nuclides into soil is  strongly
affected by the vegetation cover.  For example,
Sb 125 remains much longer in the topmost soil
layer in the presence of a cover of moss. No
indication was found, however,  of any enrichment
by microorganisms living in the topmost  soil
layer.  The rate of downward migration in
nnworked soil is particularly slow in the case of
the long lived nuclide Cs 137,  so that  the dose
rate of this nuclide on the surface of  the soil
hardly changes after contamination.  This effect
is further intensified by a vegetation  cover,  so
that this nuclide may present a hazard  of ground
water contamination.
                                                    89

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613-619
 613
 Lead Uptake  by  Selected Tree  Seedlings

 Bolfe, G.L.; Dep. Forest., Univ.  Illinois,
 Drbana,  111.

 J. Environ.  Qnal.,  2(1),  153-157;  1973

 TREES; LEAD; ABSORPTION;  SOILS;  EBOSPHOBOSj  UPTAKE
                                                           617
                                                           Selenium

                                                           Rosenfeld,  I.;  Beath,  O.A.

                                                           Academic  Press.,  8.I.,  U11  p.;  196U

                                                           SELENIUM
 611
 Modeling Lead Pollution in a Watershed—Ecosystem

 Rolfe, G.L. ; Chaker, A.; Helin, J.; Ewing, B.B.;
 University  of Illinois, Urbana, IL   61801

 Journal of  Environmental Systems, 2(1) , 339-3119;
 1972, December

 LEAD; MODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCUMULATION; WATERSHEDS;
 ECOSYSTEMS; CROPS; PASTURES; FORESTS; AUTOMOBILE
 EMISSIONS;  AIR; WATER; SOILS; CONCENTRATION;
 PLANTS; ANIMALS; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; SPATIAL
 LOCATION

 An interdisciplinary study is currently in
 progress at the University of Illinois at
 Urbana-Chaapaign under a grant from the National
 Science Foundation RANN Program.  Objectives of
 the study include understanding and modeling the
 movements and effects of heavy metals (initially
 lead) in the environment.  A model has been
 constructed which simulates the movements and
 predicts the accumulation points of lead in a
 76-sguare mile watershed-ecosystem in Champaign
 County, Illinois.  The model includes components
 of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and
 represents  the ecosystem by a network of nodes
 and branches where the nodes represetn the
 components  of the ecosystem in a general sense
 and the branches indicate possible transport
 mechanisms  between nodes.  Results of a two year
 simulation  using a network of 36 nodes and 121
 branches is presented.  The model provides a
 method for  the study of pollutant transport and
 accumulation in ecosystems.
615
Effects of Beryllium in Plants and Soil

Romney, E.H. ; Childress, J.D.

Soil Sci., 100, 210-217; 1965

BERYLLIUM; PLANTS; SOILS



616
The Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on the Growth of
White Spruce Seedlings
Rosehart, R.G; Lee, J.Y.

Water Air Soil Pollut,
                                                           618
                                                           Arsenic  Fixation  in  Relation to the Sterilization
                                                           of Soils with  Sodium Arsenite

                                                           Rosenfels,  R.S.;  Crafts,  A.S.

                                                           Bilgardia,   12(3), 203-229;  1939

                                                           ARSENICS;  FIXATION;  STERILITY;  SOILS;  SODIOH
                                                           ARSENITE;  ARSENIC FIXATION
619
Behavior of Cadmium in the Oxidation Zone

Hoslyakov, N.A.

Geol. i  Geofiz., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sibirsk. Otd.,
(2), 126-9; 1962

GECCHEBISTBY;  CADMIUM; OXIDATION; ZIHC; GALENA;
SPBALBHITE; SPECTEOGRAPBY; GALENA; PYRITE;
CHALCOPYHITE;  IRON; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE;
TITANIUM; PELITIC; SILTSTONE; LAVAS; BRECCIA;
LEAD; COPPER;  CARBONATES; ROCKS; LIMONITE;
BYDROXIDES; MIGRATION; ORE

Under endogenic conditions, cadmium is bound to
zinc and in galena-asphalerite ore cadmium is
concerned only in sphalerites.  Spectral analysis
detected no cadmium in galena, pyrite, and
chalcopyrite from the same ore. The light-colored
variety of sphalerite, as a rule, contains
considerably more cadmium than brownish and
dark-gray sphalerites which are usually enriched
in iron, magnesium, manganese, and titanium.  The
small amounts of cadmium in chalcopyrite-pyrite
ores, pelitic siltstones, and lava breccias are
caused by the presence of dispersed fine
sphalerite. Noticeable concentrations of cadmium
were also observed in lead and copper carbonate
rocks, in limonites, and in rocks impregnated
with iron hydroxides.  But their zinc:cadminm
ratio (21-35)  is considerably smaller than in the
secondary galena-sphalerite ores  (700).  The
lead:cadmium ratios in these ores were 210 and
200, respectively. Therefore, cadmium in the
oxidization zone has a migration ability similar
to that of lead and less than that of zinc.  In
elnvial deposits, cadmium behaves somewhat
differently.  It is fixed directly over ore
outcrops and is found only at 2-3 meter distance
frcm the ore.   This indicates a low migration
ability of cadmium in the supergene zone.
Cadmium was not found in 2074 soil analyses.
                           , U39-UU3; 1973
SOILS;  ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; TBEBS; SPROCB;
SEEDLINGS; PHYTOTOIICITI
                                                    90

-------
                                                                                                   620-628
620
flovement and Accumulation  of  Bercury  In Apple
Trees and Soil

Boss, B.G.; Stewart, D.K.R.

Canada J. Plant Sci., 42,  280-285;  1962

aOVEHENT; ACCOHOLATION;  BEBCOBY;  APPLE TREES;
APPLE ORCHARDS; SPRATS;  PHBNYLHEBCORY ACETATE;
HESIDOES; FOLIAGE; PBOIT;  LEAVES;  TBAN SLOCATION;
OPTAKE; BOOTS; SOILS: PEBSISTEBCB;  APPLES;  TBBES

In a mature apple orchard  which  received 21
pre-cover sprays of phenylmercory  acetate in five
years and 9 sprays in  two years,  residues  of
1.11 and 0.5 ppm mercury occurred  almost entirely
in the top two inches of soil. The  mercury  moved
from the foliage to grovlng  fruit  and new leaves
by translocation, but there  was  no  uptake through
the roots.
624
The Measurement and Bechanism of Ion Diffusion in
Soils

Bowell, D.L. ; Bartin, B.W,; Dye, P.H.

J. Soil. Sci. 18, 20U-222;  1967

I0« DIFFUSION; SOILS; DIFFUSION BEASUBEBBNT
625
Chemical Decomposition of Soils

Rndin, V.D.; Khristenko, G.S.

Tr. Stavropol. Sel'Skokhoz, Inst.(TSTSAi)  1970,
So. 33 (Vol. 2) 87-9; 1970

SOILS; CHBHICAL ASHING; CHBOHIOH; BOLYBDENOH;
DECOBPOSITION
621
Copper in Soils and Plants

Rotini, O.T.; 1st. Chim. Agrar,,  Dniv.  Pisa,
Pisa, Italy

Atti Siap. Int. Agrochi*. (ASIAAW;  1972, 9,  291-8;
1972

REVIEW; COPPEB; PLANTS; SOILS;  AHIHALS
622
One-Dimensional Bodel of the  Bovement  of  Trace
Radioactive Solute Through  Soil  Columns    The
Percol Hodel

Routson, R.C.; Serne, R.J.; Battelle Pacific
Northwest Laboratories, Bichland,  Washington

Battelle pacific Northwest  Laboratories,  Report
BNWL-1718, U9 p.; 1972

ADSOBPTIOH; EFFLOEHTS; IOB  EZCBABGE; NATHEBATICAL
SODEL; SINE SBAFTS; RADIOACTIVE  1ASTES; SOILS;
WATER; SOIL COLOBNS; PEBCOL HODEL;  HODBL;  HOVEBEST

A mathematical model is tested on  soil column
experiments.  It allows for adsorption of the
polluting species in the soil by ion eichange.
623
what Bappens in Soil-Disposal of  Hastes?

Routson, R.C.; Wildnng, R.E.

Ind. Water Eng. , 7(10), 25-27;  1970, October

BYCONVERSION; FILTRATION; INDUSTRIAL  WASTES;  IOB
EXCHANGE; BIIED WASTES; REVIEW; SOILS;  WASTE
DISPOSAL; LANDFILLS; HICROBIOLOGI

A short review of the microbiological,  physical
and chemical processes occurring  in the soil,  and
interactions with industrial wastes.
626
Process for Removing Holybdenum fro* Agueous
Industrial Effluents and for Seducing the Level
Bolybdennm Toxicity.

Etunnells, D.B.; Colorado Dsiv., Boulder.
Bolybdenue Project

Final Report, NSF, Washington, DC; Bonitoring
Agency Rept. No. 18; F; PB-22» 121/U; U p.; 1973,
October 10

BOLTBDENOM; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; PBECIPITATION;
EFFLUENTS; IBON CHLORIDES; WATER; COPPER;
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; WASTES; IBOH; SOILS;
BEBOVAL; AQUEOUS BEDIA

The report describes a process for removing
molybdenum from aqueous industrial effluents and
for reducing the level of available molybdenum in
soils in areas of molybdenum toxicity.  The
experiments were designed to test the removal of
molybdenum from actual aqueous effluents from
certain copper mines in Arizona.
627
Developing a Soil Quality Index

Rust, B.H.; Adams, B.S.; Hartin, W.P.

Part of Thomas, Williams A.  (Ed.).  Indicators of
Environmental Quality.  Proceedings of a
Symposium. Philadelphia, PA, Dec. 26-31, 1971.
Plenum Press:  New York, NY; London, England,  (p.
2U3-2U7) , 275 p.; 1972

SOYBEANS; CROPS; ANIBALS; BICBOBIOLOGY;
FEBTILIZERS; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
EFFLOEBTS; BASTES; WATERSHEDS; SOILS; FBOTT FLY;
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
628
Solubility of Manganese, Iron, and Zinc as
Affected by Application of Sulfuric Acid to
Calcareous Soils

Byan, J.;  Biyamoto, S.; stroehlein, J.L.;
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

Plant Soil (PLSOA2), «0(2) , U21-7; 197K

SOLFOBIC ACID; SOILS; MICBONOTRIENTS; TRACE
ELEBEBTS;  SDLFATES; IRON; BANGANESE; ZINC
                                                    91

-------
 629-637
 629
 Decency Residues in Ceceal Grains from Seeds or
 Soil Treated vith Organomercury Compounds

 Saha, J.G.;  Lee, T.I.;  Tinline, B.D.;  Chinn,
 S.H.P.; Anstenson, B.N.;  Canada Department of
 Agriculture, Research Station,  Saskatoon,
 Saskatchewan;  nniversity  of Saskatchewan,
 Department of  Crop Science, Saskatoon, Canada

 Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 50, 597-599;
 1970, September

 BERCORY; RESIDOBS; CEREALS; GRAINS;  SEEDS;  SOILS;
 BARLEY; WHEAT; PAMOGEN  PI; PANOGEN 15;
 CONCENTRATION; HEBCOBY  RETENTION; CONTAHINATION;
 GAHE BIRDS;  FUNGICIDES;  BIBDS

 The purpose of this study was to deter line the
 mercury content of bacley and wheat  gcains grown
 from treated seeds oc tceated soil under Canadian
 pcairie conditions.  Conquest barley  seeds were
 treated with Panogen PX,  and Haniton  wheat seeds
 were treated with Panogen 15.  The harvested
 grains  were analyzed for  mercury residues.   In
 another experiment, Panogen PI  was disked into
 the soil, which was seeded with Thatcher wheat
 about a week later.  Determinations  were made on
 mercury residues in the harvested grain and in
 soil samples collected  after the harvest.   A
 significant amount of mercury was found in  the
 grain grown in soil treated with Panogen PX, and
 51  to 53 percent of the  mercury estimated to have
 been applied remained in  the soil five months
 after application.  There was no significant
 difference in  the mercury content of  wheat  and
 barley  grains, whether  or not they were grown
 from dressed grain.  Researchers concluded  that
 the reported contamination of game birds probably
 results from the birds  eating dressed  seed  left
 uncovered by soil in the  field  or elsewhere.
 633
 Asbestos in Drinking  Hater

 Sargent, R.E.

 J. Hew England Hater  forks  Assoc.,  88(1),  HU-57;
 197U

 ASBESTOS; FIBER; DISTBIBOTION;  SEDIHENTATIOH;
 EROSION; FLUSHING; DRINKING  HATER

 Asbestos fibers were  found  by  light  microscopy  to
 be present in thirty-two water  systems  tested in
 Vermont.  Generally,  there is  an increase  in
 fiber count from source to distribution, but it
 is not known whether  the fiber  increase is due
 principally to breaking apart,  concentration
 through sedimentation, erosion  of A.C.  pipe or
 field tapping A.C. pipe.  There is  no conclusive
 evidence to date incriminating  asbestos in water
 as a health hazard at presently known levels.
 Hhere flusihing of the system  was instituted
 following sampling, the fiber count  was
 substantially reduced.  There is a  need for more
 research in this area to establish  if or at what
 concentration of fiber a hazard to  healt exists.
 A standard procedure  for identification and
 quantifying asbestos  in drinking water  is  needed.
634
Trace Elements in Agriculture

Sauchelli, V.; Van Nostrand ReinhoId Co., New
York,   2U8 p.

; 1969

TRACE BLEBENTS; AGRICDLTDRE; RBVIEH
 630
 Adsorption  of  Urea  by Some  Sudan  Soils

 Said,  B.B.

 Plant  Soil  36  (1) 239-212;  1972

 EXCHANGE CAPACITY;  CLAY;  AOTOCLAVING; BBRCDBIC
 CHLORIDE; HYDROLYSIS; ADSORPTION;  OBEA; SOILS
635
Determination of Benzo (A)pyrene in Bitumen and
Crops Grown on Bitumen-Treated Soils

Schamp, N.; Hassenhov, E.F.

Heded. Fac. Landbonwwet. Bijksnniv. Gent, 37(3),
1107-1113; 1972

CARCINOGENS;  AIR; BENZO(A) PYBBNE; SOILS; BITOHEN;
CROPS; PLANTS; HYDROCARBONS; BAP
631
Preliminary Study of Hercnry  Residues  in Soils
Hhere Bercury Seed Treatments Bave Been Used

Sand, P.F.; Riersma, G.B.; Tai,  H.; Stevens, L.J.

Pestic Bonit J 5  (1). 1971 32-33.

HERCOBY; RESIDUES; SOILS; SEED
636
On the Sorption and Leaching of Zinc in Soils

Scharrer, K.;  Hoefner, H.

Z. Pfl. Bra. Dnngung, Bodenk. 81, 201-212; 1958

SORPTION: LEACHING; ZINC; SOILS
632
Binding of Copper, Banganese, and Zinc by Humus
Substances from Peat

Sapek, A.; Inst. flelior. Ozytko* Zielooych,
Falenty, Poland

Bocz. Glebozn. (ROGLAA) 1972, 23(2) 51-5; 1972

HOBIC; HICRONOTRIENTS; SORPTION; TRACE ELEBENTS;
HDHATE; COPPER;  BANGANESE; ZINC; PEAT; BINDING
637
Reactions Between Fnlvic Acid, a Soil Humic
Compound and Inorganic Soil Constituents

Schnitzer,  B.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 75-81; 1969

FOLVIC ACID; SOILS; HOBOS
                                                    92

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                                                                                                  638-643
638
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils:  8.  An
Evaluation of Bet hods for the Determination of
Stability Constants of Hetal-Pulvic acid Complexes

Schnitzer, H.; Bansen, E.B.

Soil Sci., 109, 333-340; 1970

ION EXCHANGE; POLVIC ACID; PH; ICHIC STBEHGTB;
COPPEB; SICK EL; COBALT; LEAD; ZIIC; RAGRBSIDH;
HAHGARB5E; CALCIOH; ALOBINOH; IHOH

The continuous variations method was better for
determining reliable fulvic acid/metal ratios
than the ion-exchange method.  Each ratio,
however, should be checked by at least 2
different methods,  lith pB increase from 3 to 5
and lowering of ionic strength (micron) from 0.1
to 0, fulTic acid metal ratios tended to fall
below 1.0, indicating the formation of mixed or
polynnclear complexes, the extent of which was
related to the ability of the metal of for*
either strong or weak complexes with fulvic acid.
At ionic strength =0.1, however, all complexes
were mononuclear with respect to the metals.
Between pB 3 and 5 and at u=0.1, fnlvic acid
formed 1:1 molar same ionic strength value, bat
at pB 1.7 and 2.35, 1: 1 complexes were formed
with Fe3 + and A13+.  Stability constants from the
2 methods showed good agreement and increased
with increasing pB.  The order of stabilities at
low pR was Fe2» greater than A13 + greater than
Co2+ greater than Ri2* greater than Co2+ greater
than Pb2+ = Ca2* greater than Zn2+ greater than
Hn2» greater than Hg2+.  Probably, stability
constants measured at low ionic strength are more
relevant to soils than those determined at higher
ionic strength.
639
Reactions of Hnmic Substances with Hetal Ions and
Hydrous Oxides

Schnitzer, M.; Khan, S.O.

Barcel Oekker, Inc., Hew York,  1972. p. 203-251;
1972

BORIC; HBTAL IORS; HYDROXIDES
6U1
Organo-metallie Interactions in Soils:   5.
Stability Constants of Cu*+-, Pe»+-,  and
Zn*»-P«lvic Acid Complexes

Schnitzer, H.; Skinner, S.I.H.

Soil Sci., 102, 361-365; 1966

COPPER; IBOH; ZIHC; FOLTIC ACID; PB;  IOH EICBAHGE

The ion-exchange equilibrium method of  Schubert
was used to determine stability constants E.   Log
R values at pB 3.5 and 5.0 were respectively  5.78
and 8.69 for Cn-fnlvic acid complexes,  5.06 and
5.77 for Pe-fulvic acid complexes and 1.73  and
2.34 for Zn-fulvic acid complexes.
642
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils:   1.
Reactions between a Dumber of Hetal Ions and the
Organic Batter of a Podzol B(h)  Borizon

Schnitzer,  H.; Skinner, S.I.a.

Soil Sci.,  96, 86-93;  1965

ORGAROHETALLICS;  SOILS; HETALS;  ORGANIC HATTER;
PODZOL SOILS
643
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils.   4.
Carboxyl and Rydroxyl Groups in Organic Hatter
and Hetal Retention

Schnitzer,  H.;  Skinner, S.I.H.

Soil Sci.,  99,  278-284; 1965

OBGASOHBTALLICS;  HETALS;  SOILS; CAHBOXTL;
BYDROITL GRODP; OBGAHIC HATTER; RETENTION
640
OrganoHetallic Interactions in Soils.  7.
Stability Constants of Pb (2 plus), Ri  (2 plus),
Co(2 plus), Ca(2 plus), and Hg(2 plus) - Fulvic
Acid Complexes

Schnitzer, H.; Skinner. S.I.H.

Soil Science, 103(4), 247-252; 1967

SOILS; FOL7IC ACID; OBGAROHETALLICS; LEAD;
SICKEL; BANGANESE; BAGHESIOH; COEALT; CALCIDH
                                                    93

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644-647
 644
 Chemical and Bi.ocheni.cal Aspects of Leachate

 Schoenberger, R.J.; Fungaroli, I.A.; Drexel Inst.
 Technol.

 Part of Proceedings of National Industrial Solid
 Bastes Management Conference, University of
 Houston, Houston, TX  (p. 307-310); 1972

 LEACHATE; SANITARY LANDFILLS; DEGRADATION; BOD;
 COD; BETALS; ANALYSIS; ADSORPTION

 In determining the biochemical aspects of
 leachate from sanitary landfills, it is necessary
 to analyze the degradation product components
 which are produced,   neither the classical BOD
 test nor the chemical ozygen demand test is
 adequate to describe  the composition and the
 potential degradation of the organic fraction.
 From the     standpoint of interferences, the COD
 is more reliable and  not subject to microbial
 inaccuracy from the heavy metals.  Bany of the
 •ore sophisticated methods of analysis have not
 been proposed, although it will te necessary to
 develop data using these analytical tools if
 treatment of the leachate is contemplated.  Some
 of these tools are the volatile acids
 determination and the use of total carbon or
 total organic carbon  analyzers. The use of total
 carbon appears to be  feasible if the leachate
 solution is relatively clean and not burdened
 with suspended solids.  For leachate, this is not
 the case and preconditioning is necessary.  The
 removal of these suspended solids is an
 analytical interference since the suspended
 solids adsorb some of the degradation products.
 The magnitude of the  contribution of these
 products has not been determined.  Preliminary
 work using volatile acid data shows that the
 number  of acids is large and cannot be easily
 separated.  There does not appear to be a direct
 relationship between  COD and BOD determinations.
 In general, the COD appears to be about 4-5 times
 greater than the BOD  determination for the
 samples analyzed.  Certainly this cannot be
 construed to be a general relationship, since
 many other variables  would have to be studied.
645
Determination of the Purifying Capacity of Soils
with Respect to Heavy Betal Ions  (Zinc, Copper,
and Lead)

Schoettler, 0.; Tech. Hochsch., Aachen, Germany

Geol. Bitt. (GEBTA9)  1972, 12(1). 61-76; 1972

SOILS;  METALS;  REBOTAL;  ZIHC; COPPEH; LEAD
6U6
Soil Analyses in the Smoke  Damaged  Area  of the
Metallurgical Plant Oker  in Dnterharz  (Ueber
bodenkundliche Aufnahuen  im Bauchschadengebiet
der Dnterharzer Huettenwerke Oker)

Schucht, F.; Baetge, H.H.;  Dueker,  B.

Landwirt. Jahrb., 76, 51-98; 1932

BE1ALLBRGICAL PLANTS; SOLFOB DIOXIDE;  NITROUS
ACID; CARBON DIOXIDE; EHISSIONS; ROOT  CBOPS;
COPPEB; LEAD; ZINC; ARSENIC; SOILS;  NITROGEN;
CROPS; ROOTS; SHORE

The metallurgical plants  in  Oker primarily  emit
sulfur dioxide, nitrous acid, and carbon  dioxide.
The effect of these emissions on the soil was
determined by taking soil samples,  profile
samples, and individual samples at  12  points.
The area has primarily clay  soil interspersed
with sand and gravel.  The  soil was  studied to
determine the absorption, permeability, and
coherence.  Hydrochloric  acid extracts were
analyzed to determine if  changes had occurred
because of the pollutants.   with prevailing west
winds, an extensive area  receives the  emissions
from the metallurgical plants.  In  all samples,
an enrichment of the sulfates  (in the  form  of
calcium sulfate)  was found.  This cannot  cause
soil damage since the quantities are too  small.
with the influence of sulfur dioxide and  carbon
dioxide, the soil loses its  alkalinity.   However,
the soil contained so much calcium  the sulfur
dioxide became bound.  Iron  sulfates,  which form
only without alkalinity,  could not  be  determined.
Bithio a belt of one to one and one  half
kilometer wide, hardly anything grew.  This belt
was followed by a zone (2 kilometer  from  the
emission source)  where the root crops  were  still
heavily damaged.   Between three and  three and  one
half kilometers from the emission source,  the
effect of the pollutants  was weak.   Also  the
metals copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic were found
in the soil; they are mostly insoluble, and thus
are harmless compounds.
6
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                                                                                                  648-656
648
Behavior of Synthetic Detergents in Soil:  III.
Soft Detergents, Microorganisms and Soil

Sebastian!, L.A.; Simonetti, A.D.; Borgioli.  A.;
1st. Ig., G. Sanarelli, Oniv. Boia. Boia, Italy

Nuovi inn. Ig. Hicrobiol., 22(1),  229-2*2;  1971

DETERGENTS; SOILS; HICBOORGANISHS; DBS; DODBCIL
BENZENE SOLFONATE; DEGBADATION; PERCOLATIOS

The biodegradable DBS  (dodecylbenzene  sulfonate.
18 mg 1) percolating through a bioactive  sand
column and the extent to which this detergent
affects the usual STAPRTLOCOCCOS displacement
through the column were studied.   The
displacement of a biodegradable detergent through
soil appears similar to that of a  non-degradable
detergent:  there is an almost complete recovery
from the points nearest to the head and a
recovery of about 80 degrees, from the most
distal point.  After about 9-101 of percolating
liquid, DBS concentration begins to show  a
precise concentration till, at about 18-20 of
liquid it reaches extremely Ion values.   DBS
undergoes degradation by the STAPRTLOCOCCDS
present in the column.  Especially in  comparisons
of the drawing points most distart from the head,
where degradation is sore accentuated, the amount
of STAPHYLOCOCCI transported by DBS solution  is
lover than the corresponding amount transported
by water. This result is different from that
obtained by means of percolation through  a
similar column of a non-degradable DBS solution;
the microorganisms transported by  the  detergent
solution continually remained higher than that
transported by water alone.
6»9
Toxicity and Movement and Heavy  Metals in
Serpentinic Soils Northeastern Portugal

Segueira, E.M.D.

Agron. Lnsitana, 30(2),  115-15H;  1968

NICKEL; WEATHERING; EBOSION; METALS; MOVEMENT;
SOUS; SE8PEHTINE SOILS
650
Molybdenum in Soil

Segui, P.; Laboratorio per la Chimica del Terrene
del C. N.R., Pisa, Italy

Agrochimica (1972) 17(1-2) 119-1UO

MOLYBDENUM; SOILS; REVIEW
651
Transport of Lead in the Environment

Servant, J.

Part of Proc., Int. Simp., Environ. Health
Aspects Lead (26TVAJ) 1973,  (155-65);  1973

LEAD; TRANSPORT; RAINWATER; LAKE WATEB; SOILS
652
The Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon Benzo (A) Pyrene in
the Soil

Shabad, L.H.; Cohan. T.L.; Ilnltsky, A.P.;
Khesina, A.T.; Shcherbak, ft.P.; Smirnov, G.A.

J. Natl. Cancer Inst., «7(6), 1179-1191; 1971

BOOSE; SOILS; BACTERIA; PLANTS; CARCINOGENS; SKIN
CANCEB; MICE; HYDROCARBONS; BENZO(A)PYREBE
653
Level of Benzo (A) pyrene in Soils and Vegetation
After Nerozin Application

Shabad, L.H.; Kogan, Y.L.

Onkologiya  (Kiev)  (KLGAB) , 3, 105-107; 1972

BENZOPYREHB; PLANTS; SOILS; NBBOZIN; VEGETATIOH;
BENZO (A) PYRENE
65<1
Circulation of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons in the
Environment and Their Metabolism in Cells

Shabad, L.M.;  Vasil'ev, Y.N.

Puti Razv.  Sovrem. Onkol. (2UBQ&B) , 47-53; 1970

REVIEW; CARCINOGENS; HYDROCAHBOHS;  SOIL;
METABOLISM; MAMMALIAN CELLS; SOILS  BACTERIA

A review discussing the movement of carcinogenic
hydrocarbons through the human environment and
the metabolism of these compounds by soil
bacteria and mammalian cells.
655
Retention of Copper by Bundelkhand Soils

Shanker, H.; Dwivedi, K.N.; Ottar Pradesh Inst.
Agric. Sci., Kanpur, India

Indian J. Agr. Res.(IJARC2) 1972, 6(1)  19-22; 1972

COPPER; RETENTION; SOILS; SOBPTION; PH
656
Contents of Mobile Foras of Copper, Zinc,
Manganese, Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Boron Certain
Types of Peaty Soils in Polders in the
Kaliningrad Region

Shirokov, V.V.

Zap Leningr S-Kh Inst 13t 1969 Trans 52-57.

COEPEB; ZINC; MANGANESE; COBALT; MOLYBDENUM;
EOBON; PEATY SOILS; MOBILITY; AMELIORATION;
CULTIVATION; SOILS
                                                    95

-------
657-664
657
Effect of Different Sources of Organic Matter on
the Recovery of Added Water Soluble Zinc in Solids

Shukla. O.C.; Anand, S.S.; Randhawa, N.S.; Oep.
Soils, Haryana Agric. Oniv., Hissar, India

Haryana Agr. Oniv. J. Res. (HAJRA5) 1971, 1(3)
8-13;  1971

ZINC;  SOILS; ORGANIC MATTER
662
Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes

Sillen, L.G. ; Martell, A.E.

2nd ed.. Special Publication No. 17.  The
Chenical Society, London (p. 75U);  1964

COMPLEXES; STABILITY CONSTANTS; ION COMPLEXES;
METALS
 658
 Zinc Absorption by Corn Hybrids from Solutions,
 Clay Suspensions and Soils

 Shuman, L.B.; Pennsylvania State Oniv., Dept. of
 Agronomy Oniversity Park, PA

 Pennsylvania State Oniv., Oniversity Part, Dept.
 of Agronomy  (TID—25768); 1970, Jane

 ZINC; ABSORPTION; CORN; HYBRIDS; CLAY
 SOSPENSIONS; SOILS; CLAI
 659
 Soils Capacity for Accepting organic Fertilizers

 Siegel, O.

 Bodenknltur., 21(3), 237-252; 1973

 METALS; BASTES; ORGANIC FERTILIZERS; POODS; SOILS
660
On the Effect of Some Soil Factors on the
Solubility of Trace Elements

Sillanpaa, M.

Agrogeol. Jnlk., 81, 24; 1962

TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; PH; MANGANESE; ZINC;
NICKEL; COPPER; LEAD; COBALT

Total contents of trace elements decreased in the
order Hn greater than Zn greater than Hi greater
than Cu greater than Pb greater Co end were
generally greater in fine mineral soils than in
coarse soils and especially in organic soils.
The contents of soluble trace elements generally
increased with their total amounts and with
decreasing pH, particle size and C/H ratio, and
increasing organic-latter levels of the soils.
661
Trace Elements in Finnish Soils as Related to
Soil Texture and Organic Hatter Content

Sillanpaa, H.

Maataloust. Aikak., 3a, 3U-HO; 1962

TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; ORGANIC BATTER
663
The Injurious Effect of Mercury Vapor Prom
Bichloride of Mercury in Soil of Rose Houses

Simmerman, P.".; Crocker, W.

Boyce Thompson Inst., Prof. Paper, 1(23), 222-225;
1933

BICHLORIDE; ORGANIC MATTER; HERCORY; AIR; BODS;
TANKAGE;  RATE; REDOCTION; VAPOR; HOSES; MERCORY
BICHLORIDE

The organic latter of the soil reduces the
bichloride to metallic mercury and the vapours of
the mercury rise into the air and kill the buds:
•hen the soil is rich i'n tankage or other organic
matter, the rate of reduction of the bichloride
is increased, and consequently the severity of
the injury.
661
Retention of Added Copper by Two Soils as
Affected by Organic Matter, CaCO3 and
Exchangeable Ions

Singh, M.; Haryana Agric. Oniv., Hissar, India

Geoderma 5, 219-227; 1971

RETENTION; ORGANIC MATTER; COPPER; SOILS; ION
EXCHANGE; LOAM; CALCIOH CARBONATE; SAND; HOMIC
ACIDS

Untreated samples of a loam and a loamy sand soil
and samples from which organic latter and CaC03
had been extracted with B202 and HC1,
respectively, and replaced by 0, 1, 2, 3 or tt
huiic acid and 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8% CaCO3,
respectively, were equilibrated with CuSOW
solution.  Samples treated with with H202, HC1,
H202 + HC1, HC1 » CaC12 and HC1 + NaCl were also
equilibrated with CuSOU solution.  Soil with
added hniic acid retained lore Cu than soil with
all the organic latter removed and the amount
retained increased with increasing hniic acid
content.  Added huiic acid, however, retained
less and fixed a smaller proportion of added Cu
than samples with their original organic latter
undisturbed.  Added CaCo3 also increased Cu
retention but to a smaller extent than huiic
acid.  HC1 treatment of soils reduced Cu
retention considerably but Ca and Na saturation
of H-saturated soils increased Cn retention but
not to the level of untreated soils.  The loam
soil retained more Ca than did the loamy sand.
                                                    96

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                                                                                                   665-670
665
Profile Distribution of Trace  Elements  in  sore
Typical Soils of Aligarh District

Singh, H.; Singhal, J.P.; pac.  Eng.  Technol.,
Aligarh Uslim Oniv., Aligarh,  India

Indian J. Appl. Chem. (IJACAN)  1970,  33 {6)  351-6;
1970

TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; C1TIOM  EXCHANGE
MICRONOTRIEHTS; CiLCIOH CARBONATE; BOBOK;  COBALT;
COPPEB
666
Forms of Copper in the Soils  of  Nacsinghpur
District of Nadhya Pradesh

Singh, 5.; Jain, R.K.; Banaras Hindu  University,
Varanasi, India

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,  5(tt),
271-27K; 1971

CBGAMIC HATTER; AVAILABILITY; PH; CALCIDM
CABBOHATE; COPPER; SOILS

Fifteen samples of soils ranging from black  to
brown were studied. Total Cu  ranged from  6.0 to
178.8 (average 76.1)  ppn and  available Cn  fron
0.12 to 1.56  (0.77) ppm.  Total  Cu was correlated
with CaC03 and organic matter contents (r  =
0.3900 and 0.3981 respectively)  and available Cu
with soil pH  and CaCO3 content  
-------
 671-679
 671
 Ose  and  Residues  of  Hercury  Coipaands in
 Agriculture

 Smart,  N.A.

 Besidue  Bev.,  23,  1-36;  1968

 RESIDUES;  BERCORY;  AGRICULTURE;  BEVIES; CBOPS;
 SOILS

 A review of  use of  mercury compounds  agriculture,
 including  mercury residues in  soil  and crops.
 (109 references)
 672
 The  Study  of  the  Benz-ilpha-Pyrene Content  in  the
 Soil and Vegetation  in  the  Airfield  Begion

 Smirnov, G.A.

 Vop. Onkol.  16(5), 83-86;  1970

 C1BCIKOGEHS;  SOUS;  BEHZO (A) PTREBB;  VBGET1TIOK;
 PLANTS
 673
 Changes  in  the  Zinc  Distribution  lithin Three
 Soils  and Zinc  Uptake by Field  Beans  Caused  by
 Decomposing Organic  Ratter

 Smith, B.J.;  Shoukry, K.S.B.

 Part of  Isotopes  and Radiation  in Soil Organic
 Hatter Studies  Proc. Sym. IAEA  6  FAO, Vienna,
 July 1968  (p. 397-410); 1969

 ZIHC;  SOILS;  UPTAKE: BEANS; PLANTS;
 DECOHPOSITION;  ORGANIC  HATTEB;  DISTBIBOTION
 67U
 Specific Gravity of Fiber Length  of Loblolly
 Pine-G and Spruce Pine-6 on  the Same Site

 Snyder, E.B.; Hamaker, J.B.

 U.S. Forest  Service Research  Note SO,  103,  1-3;
 1970

 SPECIFIC GRAVITY; FIBER ' LENGTH; IOBLOLLY; PINE-G;
 SPRUCE PINE-G; PINE; SPROCE
675
Transport, Distribution, and Degradation of
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Residues in Aquatic Hodel
Ecosystems

Soedergren, A.; Dep. Anil. Coll., Oniv. Lund,
Lund, Sued.

Oikos(OIKSAA)  1973, 2<4(1)  30-111; 1973

INSECTICIDES;  DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; IQDATIC
ECOSYSTESS; CHLOPHEB; DDT; DDE; KODEL ECOSYSTEM
676
Lead Contamination of  Plants  and  Soils Caused by
Automobile Exhaust Gases

Sommer, G. ; Bosopulo,  A.;  Klee, J.

Z. Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd.,  130(3)  193-205;  1971

GRASSES; »HEAT; HAIZE;  POTATOES;  TRAFFIC
AUTOBOBILB EMISSIONS;  LEAD; PLANTS;  SOILS
677
The Uptake of Radioactivity  Directly  Through
Leaves and Indirectly  Via  the  Roots of  Plants

Sommermeyer, K.; Godt, K.J.; University of
Freiburg, Institute of Radiology,  Freiburg,
Germany

Part of Proceedings of the Second  Dnited Nations
International Conference on  the Peaceful Dses of
Atomic Energy, Held in Geneva, Switzerland,
September 1-13, 1958,  Vol. 18, waste  Treatment
and Environmental Aspects of Atomic Energy,  (p.
500-502) ; 1958

PLANT UPTAKE; SOILS; FOLIiB  ADSORPTION;  STBONTIOS
90; ZIHC 65; NIOBIOB 95; CESIUM 137;  ZIRCONIUM 95

The contamination of plant tissue  with
radioactive fission products was determined  to be
largely through wet fallout.   Plant at  high
altitude subject to greater  wet fallout  contained
larger concentration of radioactivity.
678
Behavior of Heavy Beta Is in Soil-Crop  System.   1.
Distribution of Cadmium in Soils and Its
Retention by Soil

Sonoda, Y. ; Bauda, T.; Iwai, I.; Gifu  Univ.,
Kagamigahara, Japan

Gifu Daigaku Nogakubn Kenkyu Hokoku  (GNKEAH) 33,
113-120; 1972

SOILS; CADSIOI1; SOBPTION; ZINC; HEAVY  SETiLS;
CRCPS
679
Behavior of Heavy Betals in Soil-Crop System.  2.
Status of Copper on Each Horizons in Kakamigahara
Soil

Sonoda, Y.; Oguri, H.; Iwai, I.; Gifu Univ.,
Kagamigahara, Japan

Gifu Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku(GNKEAH)  1972,
No. 33, 121-128; 1972

~OPPEB; SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER; HEAVY BETALS; CBOPS
                                                     98

-------
                                                                                                   680-685
680
Problem Definition Study:  Evaluation  of  Health
and Hygiene Aspects of Land  Disposal of
Wastewater at Military Installations

Sorber, C.A.; Schaub, S.A.;  Guter,  K.J.;  Amy
Bedical Environmental Engineering Research  Unit,
Edgevood Arsenal, HD

Report No. USAHEERO-73-02; Task
3-A-062110-4-80600; Honitoring Agency  Bept.  No.
18; Proj. DA-3-A-062110-A-806; AD-752  122;  
-------
686-690
 686
 Arsenic Residues in  Soil  and  Potatoes from
 Hisconsin Potato Fields-1970

 Steevens, D.B.;  Walsh,  L.B.;  Keener,  D.B.;  Dep.
 Soil  Sci., Oniv. Risconsin,  Madison,  9is.

 Pestic. Bonit.  J.(PEBJAA)  1972,  6(2), 89-90;  1972

 ARSENIC;  RESIDUES; POTATOES;  SOILS
 687
 Arsenic Phytotoxicity  on  a Plainfield  Sand  as
 Affected by Ferric Sulfate or Aluminum Snlfate

 Steevens, D.R.;  Walsh, L.B.;  Keeney, D.R.;
 Dnivecsity of Hisconsin,  Madison,  disc  53706

 Journal of Environmental  Quality,  1(3) , 292-295;
 1972

 ARSENIC; SODIOB  AHSENITE;  PESTICIDES;  DESICCAHTS;
 DEFOLIANTS; PEAS;  POTATOES;  POTATO PEELINGS; CROP
 YIELDS; PERSISTENCE;  UPTAKE;  SOILS;
 PHYTOTOTICITY;  LEACHING;  ALDHINDH  SOLFATE;  FERRIC
 SDLFATE; TOBACCO;  COTTON;  CROPS;  SAND;  BOVEHENT

 Repeated use of  arsenic (As)  salts in  orchards,
 cotton, and tobacco fields occasionally has
 caused phytotoxicity.   A  study vas initiated to
 evaluate the effect of periodic applications of
 sodium arsenite  (NaAso2)  vhich has been used
 extensively as  a defoliant to kill potato vines
 in Wisconsin commercial potato fields.   Sodium
 arsenite vas applied  in 1967  to a  Plainfield sand
 at rates varying from  15  to  720 kg As/ha.   In
 1970,  these field  plots were  subdivided and
 treated with ferric sulfate  (Fe2(SO«)3)  and
 aluminum sulfate (A12(S01)3)  to attenuate As
 toxicity, planted  to  peas  (PISOH  SATIVOH L.) and
 potatoes (SOLANUB  TOBEROSDB  L.)  and yields
 compared vith those obtained  in earlier
 investigations.   Arsenic  toxicity  persisted over
 a period of four cropping  seasons.  Pea yields on
 As-treated soil  tended to  be  higher vith an
 application of Fe2(SO»)3  and  lover with an
 application of A12(SO»)3,  although yields
 generally vere not significantly changed by
 either material.   Potato  yields Here not affected
 by application of  Fe2(SOt)3,  therefore, neither
 Fe2(SOU)3 or A12(SOU)3 vere effective  at the rate
 used in reducing toxicity.  Potato tuber peelings
 contained up to  53.7  ppn of  As,  but regardless of
 treatment,  the tuber flesh did not exceed 1 ppm.
 Ferric sulfate or  A12 (SOU) 3 did not have a
 consistent  effect  on the concentration  of As in
 potato peelings  or tuber flesh.  The As content
 of As-treated soil increased  in  the subsoil but
 decreased in the plov  layer during four cropping
 seasons.  The increase in  subsoil  As vas found to
 a  depth  of  38 cm and 68 cm for treatments of 90
 and  180  kg  As/ha and 720 kg As/ha,  respectively.
 Even considering the dovnvard movement,  all of
 the  As applied in  1967 as  NaAsO2 vas not
 accounted for in the soil  profile  (0-83 cm) .
688
Sorption of Trace Quantities of  Metal  Ions  by
Bentonite Clay from a Thiosalt Medium

Steger, H.F.

Canadian Mining and Metallurgical  Bulletin,
67(7««), 90-95; 197U. April

SORPTION; CLAT; BEKTOHITE CLAY;  IBON;  COPPER;
ZISC; LEAD; SODIUM; CALCIUM; HASTEHATBR; BINES;
PH; MANGANESE; HATER; METAL IOHS ;  LIBING

The sorption by bentonite clay of  trace amounts
of iron, copper, zinc, and lead, in the  presence
of 100-fold  (or greater excesses of sodium and
calcium, from a synthetic  (sulphide) mine vaste
vater has been studied.  The amounts sorbed vere
found to depend on the nature and concentration
of the metal ion, the number and total
concentration of the metal ions present, the  pH
of the medium, the amount of clay used and the
contact time of the clay vith the medium.  The
bentonite clay has been tested vith a sample  of
real "lime-treated" mine vaste vater and found to
reduce appreciably the concentration of  iron,
copper and zinc, but to have no significant
effect on that of manganese.
689
Organic Batter Reaction Involving Bicronutrients
in Soils

Stevenson, F.J.; Ardakani, B.s.

Part of J.J. Flortvedt, P.B. Giordano, and R.L.
Lindsay (Eds.), Bicronutrients in Agriculture.
Soil Science Society of America.  Madison,
Risconsin (79-111) ;  1972

ORGANIC MATTER; BICRONUTRIENTS; SOILS; TRACE
ELEMENTS
690
Edaphic Aspects of the Disposal of Unused
Pesticides, Pesticide Hastes, and Pesticide
Containers

Stojanovic, B.J.; Kennedy, B.V.; Shuman, F.L.;
Mississippi State Univ., State College, Miss.

J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA)  1972, 1(1), 54-62;  1972

PESTICIDES; BIODEGRADATION; SOILS; BACTERIA;
DISPOSAL; LOAM; CALCAREOUS LOAB; MICROFLORA;
FAEAQOAT; DIELDRIB; PICLORAM; VERNOLATE; BROBINE;
ZINC; ARSENIC

Complete biodegradation of all pesticides does
not occur in the soil.  The biodegradation and
the effects in the soil microflora of 20
analytical grade and formulated pesticides, and 7
formulations mixtures vere studied in a
calcareous loam.  The soil vas amended vith
11,227 kg/ha of the respective active ingredient
(S), and vas subsequently incubated for 56 days.
The extent of biodegradation vas estimated from
the C02 evolved during the incubation, and the
effects on the microbial populations vere
determined. From plate counts of the incubated
samples.  Picloram, paraquat, Vernolate, and
Dieldrin, as veil as 8 of the formulations, vere
partly degraded.  Single pesticides inhibited
bacterial grovth, but affected streptomyces and
fungi much less drastically.  Mixtures of
formulations vere more biodegradable than the
single pesticides, provided that at least 1 or 2
pesticides in the mixture.  Rere relatively
rapidly biodegraded.  The mixtures reduced the
number of bacteria, but favored grovth of
streptomyces and fungi.  Incineration of liguid
formulations at 900 degrees produced little ash.
The incineration of solids, hovever, yielded
substantial amounts of incombustible residues.
Analysis of the ash from the solid indicated  in
several cases the presence of toxic elements,
such as Br, As, Zn, etc.
                                                    100

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                                                                                                  691-700
691
The Pate of Chromium During  the Treatment of
Sewage

Stones, T.

lust. Sew. Purifi., Loud. Journ.  and Proc.,
3lt5-347; 1955

FATE; CHROBIOM; SESAGB
692
The Pate of Zinc During the Treatment  of  Sewage

Stones, T.

Inst. Sew. Purif., Lond Jurn.  and  Proc.,  251-257;
1959

FATE; ZINC; SERAGE
693
The Pate of Copper During Treatment of Sewage

Stones, T.

Inst. Sew. Purifi., London, Journ. and Proc.
82-8U; 1958

PATE; COPPER; SERAGE
69U
The Fate of Lead During the Treatment of  Sewage

Stones, T.

Inst. Sew. Parif., London. Journal and Proc.,
221-223; 1960

FATE; LEAD; SERAGE
695
Investigation of Mercury Pollutant Interaction
with Hnmic Acids by Beans of Radio Tracers

Storhal, P.; Hnljev, D.

Part of welsh, C.tl. (Ed.).  International Atomic
Energy Agency Proceedings Secies.  Unclear
Techniques in Environmental Pollution.
Symposium, Onipub, Inc.; Hew Tork, R.T. O.S.A.
1971, 
-------
 701-709
 701
 Cadium  Contamination  of  Soils  and  Bice  Plants
 Caused  by Zinc  Binlng. I.  Production  of
 High-Cadiium  Bice  on  the Faddy Fields in  Lover
 Beaches of the  Bine Station

 Takijima, I.; Katsumi, P.; Fukui Agric. Bxp.
 Stn., Fukui,  Japan

 Soil Sci. Plant Hutr. (Tokyo) (SSPNAW)  1973,
 19(1).  29-38;  1973

 RICE; SOILS;  CADHIUH; DISTRIBUTION; HBA»Y HBTALS;
 ZIHC HIRING;  ZINC; PADDIES;  PLANTS
PHTTOTOIICITT; SOILS; LEACHING; ABSEBIC;
CONCENTRATION; POTATOES; HALF-LIFE

A description vas given of two field trials
carried oat over successive years in the
Netherlands, concerned vith phytotoxicity of the
soil and its arsenic content.  Even after
extremely high levels  (up to 25 tiles the used
dose of acsenite for killing haulms of potatoes)
phytotoxicity gradually disappeared daring
subsequent years.  The arsenic vas leached froi
the top soil.  A half-life of 6.5 plus or linns
0.1 years vas calculated from 6 dosage steps in
two experiments.
 702
 Cadmium Contamination  of  Soils  and  Bice  Plants
 Caused  by Zinc  Dining.  
-------
                                                                                                   710-718
710
BBC Residues in the Environment

Tatsukava, R.; Rakimoto, 1.; Ogava, T.

Part of Matsumura, Fa«io, G. Hallory B crash  and
Tomomasa Bisato (Ed.).  Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a  United
States-Japan Seminar.  Oiso, Japan, October,
1971. Illus. daps. Academic  Press:  Nev  York,  HI;
London, England, 229-238; 1972

PLANTS; HUMANS; TISSUE; AIR; HATBR; SOILS;  BBC;
RESIDUES
711
The Association of Trace Elements  with  Manganese
Minerals in Australian Soils

Taylor, R.M.; NcKenzie, R.B.

Austr. J. Soil Res., 1, 29-39;  1966

TRACE ELEMENTS; MANGANESE; MINEBALS;  SOILS



712
Chen istry of Soil Arsenic

Thonas, J.R.

Diss. Abs.,  15, 2379-2380; 1955

SOILS; ARSENIC
715
The Interaction of Some Heavy Metal Cations and
Silicic Acid at Lov Concentrations in the
Presence of Clays

Tiller, K.G.

Trans. 9th Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 2, 567-575; 1968

SILICIC ACID; CLAY: PH; ADSORPTION; SILICATES;
TRACE ELEMENTS; HEAVY METALS; COBALT; NICKEL;
ZIHC; CATIONS

The amounts of Co, Ni and Zn adsorbed by clays
increased with the amount of silicic acid
adsorbed.  There vere no Co and Zn compounds at
high cation concentrations and/or high pH.  The
reaction between these was promoted by silic acid
depending on the adsorption of reacting species
at adjacent sites such as the edge surfaces of
layer silicates.  Results suggest that silicic
acid in the soil solution nay have an important
role in reactions that control the availability
of trace elements.
716
The Specific Sorption of Cobalt and Zinc by Layer
Silicates

Tiller, F.G.; Hodgson, J.F.

Part of Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 9th Nat'l.
Conf., Pergamon Press, N.Y., (393-403); 1962

SOBPTION; COBALT; ZINC; SILICATES;  LAYER SILICATES
713
IR Spectra and Differential Thermograms of
Lignins and Soil Hoiic Materials Saturated vith
Different Cations

Thompson, S.O.; Chesters, G.

J. Soil Sci., 21(2), 1970, 265-272

COPPEB; CALCIOB; LIGNIH; THERHOGBAMS;  SOILS;
HUBIC; CATION; INFRARED SPBCTROSCOPY;
DIFFERENTIAL TBBRMOGBAHS
717
Soil Zinc and Its Uptake by Plants.  2.  Soil
Chemistry in Relation to Prediction of
Availability

Tiller, K.G.; Honeysett, J.L.; De Tries, M.P.

AuEt. J. Soil Res., 10(2), 1972 (Received 1973),
165-182

CLOVER; HRBAT;  HADIOISOTOPES;  CHEMICAL ISOTHERM;
DESORPTION; ZINC; SOILS; UPTAKE; PLANTS;
AVAILABILITY PREDICTION; AVAILABILITY; SOIL ZINC
71U
Heavy netal and Radionnclide Behavior in Soils
and Plants

Tiffin, L.O.; Lagerwerff, J.V.; Taylor, A.S.;
Agricultural Chemicals Management Laboratory;
Agricultural Environmental Quality Institute;
Beltsville Agricultural Besearch Center,
Beltsville, HD  20705

Prepared in Collaboration vith the Division of
Biomedical and Environmental Research D.S. Atomic
Energy Commission under the terms of the ABC
Research Contract AT(»9-7)-1; 1973, December

HEAVY METALS; RADIONUCLIDES; SOUS; FLINTS
718
Soil Zinc and Its Uptake by Plants.  I.  Isotopic
Exchange Equilibria and the Application of Trace
Techniques

Tiller, K.G.; Honeysett, J.L.; De Vries, M.P.

Austr. J. Soil Res., 10, 151-16H; 1972

SOILS; ZINC;  UPTAKE; PLANTS; EICHANGE EQUILIBRIA;
ISOTOPIC EICBANGB; TBACEB TECHNIQUES
                                                   103

-------
 719-724
 719
 Movement  of Complex Compounds through  Different
 Soil Types

 Todorovic, Z.;  Pilip,  A.;  Boris  Kidric Institute
 of Hoclear Sciences, Belgrade, Germany

 COMF-6706IH;  STI/PDB-158,  Symposium  on the  Ose of
 Isotope and Radiation  Techniques in  Soil  Physics
 and Irrigation  Studies,  Istanbul,  (2«1-2«9);  1967

 BOVEHENT; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; EDT»;  BTDROXIDES;
 SALTS; SOUS;  SOLFOBIC ACID; IBICES  TECHNIQUES;
 TRANSPORT; SATER; POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS;  SODIOB
 COHPODNDS; CBBOHIOH 51;  COBALT 60; IODINE 131;
 IRON 59;  SOLFOH 35; ZINC 65

 Results of the  behavior  of complex compounds  of
 zinc  (bivalent),  iron  (trivalent), cobalt
 (trivalent) and chromium (trivalent) on passing
 through four  sorts of  soils are  given.  The soils
 had a dominant  content of  sand,  clay,  humus and
 carbonate.  The investigations were  carried out
 by the radioactive tracer  technique.   The
 complexing was  carried oat vith   Na-citrate,
 EOTA, Na-thiocyanate,  potassium  cyanide,
 ammonium-hydroxide, Na-oxalate,  Na-tartrate and
 Ma-citrate.   The  effect  of the excess  complexing
 agent on  the  percentage  of the complex compound
 in the elnate,  retention and spread  of the
 elation curve,  is shown.   The investigations  were
 carried out on  a  colamn  always filled  with  the
 sane quantity of  soil  of given granulation.   The
 movement  of the complex  compound was observed by
 taking samples  of the  eluate and X plus or  minus
 (o) were  determined as a measure for the
 retardation and spread of  the coiplex  compound
 waves.  The smaller the  difference between
 retardation  (S)  and free volumume  (X) (0)  and  the
 smaller the standard deviation,  the  smaller was
 the retardation of the complex compound.  From
 these characteristics  and  fro« those of the
 elation curves  for I 131 and S 35, which  are
 considered to  be  passing through the soil without
 considerably  difficulty,  those coiplex compounds
 which showed  the  least retardation and  wave
 spread on passage through  the soil type
 investigated  were determined.
722
Ret Treatment of the Leaching Residue  from  Zinc
Smelting

Tozana, K.

To ho tea Daigaka Senko Seiren  Kenkyusho  Iho
(TDSSA2) , 28(2), 237-253;  1972

BEVIES; ZINC; LEACHING; RESIDDES; SHELTERS
723
Effect of Soil Noisture on the Dynamics  of  the
Labile Forms of Copper and Hanganese Distribution

Treiman, A.A.

Part of Mikroelem. Biosfere Primen. Ikh.  Sel.
Khoz. Ned. Sib. Dal'Mego Vostoka, Dokl.  Sib.
Konf., 3rd (27BOAA), 1969; Filippov, V.R.  (Ed.),
ikad. Nauk SSSR, Sib. Otd., Buryat. Filial,
Ulan-Ode, USSR (125-128) ; 1971

SOIL HOISTORE; LABILE FORMS; DISTRIBUTION;
MOISTURE CORRELATION; SOILS; COPPER; MANGANESE
721
Pollution of Groundwater Due to Municipal  Dumps

Tremblay, J.J.; Anger, H.; D'Cruz, J.

Canada Dept. of Energy Bines and Resources,
Technical Bulletin »2; 1971

BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL DONPS;
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS; GASES; LEACBING; LEACHATES;
LANDFILLS; HATER; GROUND RATEH; MUNICIPAL  DUMPS

An extensive bibliography and short review
article on the composition of landfill material,
the leachate compositions, research on progress
internationally and legislation on ground  water
pollution from landfill sites.
720
Microbial Conversion of Mercury Compounds

Tonomura, It.; Furukawa, K.; Tamada, fl.

Part of Matsumura, Fomio, G. Hallory Boush and
Tomomasa Hisato  (Ed.). Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides.   Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seminar., oiso, Japan, October,
1971.  Academic  Press: New York, N.I., U.S.A.;
London, England.   (115-133) 637p.

MICROBIOLOGY; MERCURY; CONVERSION
721
Microbiological Leaching of a Zinc Sulfide
Concentrate

Torn a, A.E.; Balden, C.C.; Branion, B.M.R.

Bioeng., 12(H), 1970, 501-517

MICROBIOLOGY; LEACHING; ZINC; ZINC SULFIDE
                                                   104

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725
Translocation and Distribution of Lead  210 and
Polonium 210 Supplied to Tobacco Plants

Tso, T.C.; Dept. of Agriculture, Beltsville,  Bd,
Pisenne, Isabel

Badiat. Bot., 8, H57-462  (1968, December); 1968

ABSORPTION; AGE; DISTRIBUTION; BETABOLISB; ROOTS;
SOILS; LEAD 210; POLONIOB 210; LEAVES;  STEBS;
TOBACCO; PLANTS

Lead 210 and polonium 210 were supplied to
tobacco plants  (HICOTIANA TABACDB L. cv.  naryland
catterton) from soil, stem,  and leaf surface  to
study the patterns of translocation and
distribution of these elements.  Test plants  took
up Po 210 and Pb 210 from roots or stems  and  the
elements vere distributed to various tissues.
Direct absorption of Po 210  is therefore
considered a major source of Po 210 supply, in
addition to that from ingrowth of Pb 210  in leaf
tobacco.  A higher concentration of Pb  210
accumulated in  younger upper leaves than  in older
lower leaves, while a higher concentration of Po
210 accumulated in older lever leaves than in
younger upper leaves. Rhen the two elements were
applied to the  leaf surface, little translocation
or redistribution of Pb 210  was found from one
leaf area to other leaf areas, but a very small
portion of Po 210 applied oo younger upper leaves
transferred to  older lower leaves.  Po  210
applied on older lower leaves, however, remained
where placed.
726
Limited Removal of Polonium-210 And Lead-210  From
Soil and Fertilizer by Leaching

Tso, T.C.; D.S. Dep. Agric., Beltsville, Hd

Agron J 62(5), 1970, 663-664.; 1970

BOOTS; ABSORPTION; POLONIOB; BBHOVAL;  SOILS;
LEAD; AGITATION; LOAD; RAINFALL; IRRIGATION;
PLOBIHG; EROSION; FERTILIZBBS; LEACHING

In laboratory experiments using a  loamy potting
soil, both polonium 210 and lead 210 were leached
out from soil and fertilizer mixtures  without
mechanical agitation. Polonium 210 and lead 210
leaching was increased by mechanical agitation
bat polonium 210 was leached Bach  more easily and
a higher percentage was removed from soil than
from fertilizers. Results suggest  the  possible
removal of limited amounts of polonium 210 and
lead 210 from soil and fertilizer  through
rainfall or irrigation, and an increase in this
removal by plowing or erosion.
727
Sources of Environmental Pollution: Provisional
Standards and Preventive Heasures—Soil

Tsara, S.

Jap. J. clin. Bed., 31, 1933-1937; 1973, June

SOILS; POLLUTION SODBCKS; INDUSTRY; CRITERIA;
ABATEBEHT
                                                                                                  725-731
728
Change in the flobility of Copper and in its
Availability to Plants During a Reaction with
Organic and Inorganic Parts of the Soil

Tsyplenkov. V.P.; OSSH

Vestn. Leningrad. Dniv., Biol. (VLOBB6)  1972, (1)
133-7; 1972

CLAY; COPPER; SOILS; PLANTS; HYDBOMICA; BABLEI;
KAOLIN; MOBILITY; HUBOS
729
Nature of Iron and Aluminum Hydrous Oxides
Precipitated in Bontmorillonite Suspensions and
Reduction of Structural Ferric Iron in Nontronite

Tullock, R.J.; Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Indiana

Thesis, Purdue University,  Lafayette,  Indiana,
Oniv. Bicrofilms, Order No. 73-15,  878; Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 3»(1), 27-28; 1973

ALDHINOfl HYDROXIDES; REDUCTION; FERRIC HYDROUS
OXIDES; IRON HYDROXIDES; IRON; ALUBINUH; OXIDES;
BONTBORILLONITE; BONTBONITE
730
Effect of Fertilizers on the Content of Bobile
Trace Elements in Soil

Turbas, E.; Kalmet, B.; Hiis, V.

EESTI Pollumajanduse Akad.  Tead.  Toode Kogumik
(EPSNA8)  No. 73, () 82-91

SOILS; LIMING; BICRONUTRIENTS; BOBILITY; HANURE;
TRACB EL5BBNTS; LIHE; FERTILIZERS
731
Varying Persistence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
in Six California Soils Dnder Laboratory
Conditions

Twata, T.; Restlake, B.E.; Gunther, F.A.

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 9(U), 20U-211;
1973, April

ANALYSIS; CHLORINATED HYDROCABBOHS; PESTICIDES;
SOILS; PERSISTENCE; PCB; POLYCHLORINATED
BIPRBNYLS; PALLOOT; AIR

The PCBs had different lives in different soils
in their original form.  However, they could
alter in composition and possibly be spread by
aerial fallout giving widespread contamination.
                                                   105

-------
 732-737
 732
 Heavy  Ratals  Pollute  nature.  Hay  Reduce
 Productivity

 Tyler.  G.

 Ambio,  1 (2) ,  52-  59;  1972

 ACCUMULATION;  BOODLAND;  HIRES;  BEADOHS;
 ECOSYSTBHS; ATOBIC  ABSORPTION SPBCTBOPHOTOHETHY;
 BOSSES;  SEASHORE; BOG PEAT;  HEATT METALS;
 DECOHPOSITION;  BINER ALIZATION;  BOGS; FORESTS

 Deposition  and  accumulation  of  heavy metals in
 terrestrial sites  (woodland,  mires, meadows)  is
 surveyed.   Major ecosystem components  were
 anlayzed  by atomic  absorption spectrophotometry.
 Increase  in atiospheric  deposition is  first
 traced  in carpet-forcing losses and the highest
 concentrations  are  in southwestern Scandinavia.
 fletal  turnover  is illustrated vith examples from
 seashore  Beadovs.   An accumulation surface  in bog
 peat is discussed,  indicating movements of heavy
 •etal  ions, at  least  under acid,  reducing
 conditions.   Possible effects of  increasing heavy
 •etal  deposition on decomposition, mineralization
 and  primary productivity are  indicated.
 733
 Primary  Production  and  Distribution of Organic
 (latter and  Metal  Elements  in  Tvo  Heath Ecosystems

 Tyler. G.;  Gullstrand,  C.;  Holmguist, K.L.;
 Kjellstrand,  A.M.;  Dep. Plant Ecol., Oniv. Lund,
 Lund, Sweden

 J. Ecol.  (JECOAB),  61(1),  251-68;  1973

 HEATH ECOSYSTEM;  METALS
 734
 Zinc  Adsorption  by Calcareous Soils.

 ado,  E.J.; Bohn, H.L.; Tucker, T.C.; Oniv.
 Tbadan,  Nigeria

 Proc. Soil Sci.  Soc. An., 34, 405-907; 1970

 CALCAREOUS SOILS; ZINC HYDROXIDE; ZIHC;
 ADSORPTION; SOILS; LANGMOIR EQUATION

 Different calcareous soils  (0.4-11.4X CaCO3,
 0.09-1.16% organic matter) were shaken with
 dilute ZnSO4 for 1 hour  (2 g soil and 40 ml
 ZnSOU),  and the  Zn remaining in solution was
 •easured.  Adsorption maxima, calculated by the
 Langmuir equation, were correlated with CO3 and
 organic-matter levels; when added Zn exceeded the
 adsorption maxima, values of the  (Zn) (OH) 2
 product corresponded to the solub'.lity  of Zn
 hydroxide or carbonate, while at lower Zn
 adsorption and/or in the absence of C03 the ion
 product was equal to the solubility of Zn
 silicate in the presence of amorphous Sio2 (about
 1E-18 to 1E-19).
735
Metals from Privation to Pollution

Olmer, D.D.

Fed.  Proc., 32(7), 1758-1765; 1973

HUMANS;  BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; LEAD; HEBCDHY;
REDISTRIBUTION; SOILS; BATER; AIB
736
Model for Environmental Transport of  Automotive
Lead

Vaitkns, D.R.; Edwards, H.8.; Colorado State
University, fort Collins, CO  80521

Part of Edwards, H.S.  (Ed.), Impact on Han  of
Environmental Contamination Caused by Lead,
Interim Report, July 1, 1971-June 30, 1972  (p.
166-180) 241; 1972

HODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCOHOLATION; LEAD; ATMOSPHERIC
TRANSPORT; GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING; RASHOOT;
RAINOOT; MIGRATION; RETENTION; SOILS; AUTOMOBILE
EMISSIONS

Development of a model for short-range
environmental transport and accumulation of
automotive lead is an integral part of the
Colorado State Dniversity interdisciplinary study
of environmental lead pollution. Atmospheric
transport of lead from a highway and  its removal
from the atmosphere by gravitational  settling,
washout, and rainont are coupled to migration and
retention in soil.  The mathematical  model
consists of a system of linear, ordinary
differential eguations which quantitatively
interrelates the transport and accumulation
mechanisms.  Numerical integration schemes were
employed to solve the system of equations.  Input
consists of source characteristics,
meteorological parameters, and initial
conditions.  Output consists of lead
concentrations,  fluxes, and accumulations as
functions of space and time.  Preliminary results
indicate that the system of eguations is
well-behaved, and output is consistent with
expected system behavior.
737
Model for Environmental Transport of Automotive
Lead

Vaitkns, D.R.; Edwards, H.R.; Johnson, G.R.;
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO; University
Computer Center; Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO

Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Seventh Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Held at Memorial Union, University of
Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, BO, June 12-14,
1973; 1973

HODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCOHOLATION; GRAVITATIONAL
SETTLING; iASHOOT; RAINOUT; MIGRATION; RETENTION;
HIGHiAY PROXIMITY; SOILS; AIR

Development of a model for short range
environmental transport and accumulation of
automotive lead is part of the Colorado State
Dniversity interdisciplinary study of
environmental contamination by lead. Atmospheric
transport of lead froa a highway and its removal
from the atmosphere by gravitational settling,
washout and rainout are coupled to migration and
retention in soil.  The mathematical model
consists of a system of linear, ordinary
differential equations which quantitatively
interrelates the transport and accumulation
mechanisms.  The model will be discussed in terms
of predictive capabilities and correlation with
experimental results from field measurements.
                                                    106

-------
                                                                                                   738-742
738
The Distribution  of  Lead  Along a Line Source
(Highway)

Vandenabeele,  B.J.;  Wood,  O.L.;  Dtah State
University,  Department of  Soil Science and
Biometeorology, Logan, OT   81321

Chemosphere,  5, 221-6; 1972

LEAD; SOILS;  HIGHWAY PHOXIHITY;  ADTOHOBILE
EMISSIONS; ADSORPTION; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOSETRY

The authors  found, as authors have, that the
concentration  of  lead in  soil decreased rapidly
vith distance  away fro* the highway.  In contrast
to other authors, they found lead not only on the
surface but  at a  depth of  10 cm.  Experiments
showed that  this  could be  caused by the use of
sodium-chloride for  melting snow and also by the
low winter temperatures.   As long as there are
available carbonates in the soil the lead will be
precipitataed;  then  much of the  lead will ba
adsorbed.  The adsorbed lead will be leached out
by a sodium  chloride solution.  A low temperature
 (winter) reduces  the amount adsorbed.
 739
 Isolation  from  Soil  of Phenol-Utilizing Organisms
 and  Metabolic  Studies on the Pathways of Phenol
 Degradation

 Varga, J.H.; Neujahr, H.Y.;  Dep.  Pure Appl.
 Biochen.,  R. Inst. Technol., Stockholm, Sweden

 Plant  Soil (PLSOA2) ,  33(3),  565-71; 1970

 PHENOL;  METABOLISM;  SOILS;  HICHOBES;
 HICROOHGANISHS;  BACTERIA;  YEAST;  FUHGI;
 DEGRADATION; FISSION

 Thirteen different strains  of microorganisms (6
 Bacteria,  3 yeasts,  and  U  mycelial fungi)  capable
 of growing on  phenol  as  d  major carbon source
 were isolated  from soil.  Oxidation of phenol and
 catechol by these organisms  was studied using the
 manometric technique  and the reaction products
 were identified  by spectrophotometry.  In  most of
 the  isolated strains  the pathway  phenol greater
 than catechol greater than CIS,  cis-muconate is
 the  main route  of phenol degradation.  In  one of
 the  bacterial strains extradiol type  of catechol
 cleavage exists  together with the intradiol ring
 fission.   In two of the  strains the pattern of
 oxygen consumption in the  presence of phenol and
 catechol indicated that  catechol was not  the
 first  or not the only intermediate in the
 degradation of phenol by these strains. Spectra
 of the oxidation products indicated the presence
 of a reaction product different from  either
 degradation or alpha-hydroxy muconic
 semialdehyde.  washed cells  from  most of the
 strains accumulated colored  products  (probably
 guinones)  when incubated with pheaol  or catechol.
Research into Emission of Lead, Zinc and Fluorine
and the Resulting Danage Caused to Plants and
Animals

Vetter, H. ; Haehlhop, R. ; Landwirtsch. [Inters.
Forschungsanst., Oldenburg, Rest Germany

Landwirtsch Forsch, 2<» (3/U) , 29U-315; 1972

LEAD; ZIHC; FLUORINE; PLANTS; ANIMALS; FOMES;
GASES; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; SOILS; LIVER;
COPPER; BESOHPTION; DEGRADATION; METALS; TRACE
ELEMENTS

For 2 years, systematic research was carried out
by the Agricultural Research and Development
Institute  in Oldenburg, West Germany in the field
of emission.  The industrial emission in area I
enriched both soil and plants.  This enrichment
was confirmed up to 12 km from the industrial
center.  In the case of F, the enrichment
increase doubled from there to 700m from the work
center; Cu increased 10 times, Pb increased
50-120 times and Zn increased 100-150 times.
From this  point to the industrial center, the
enrichment in the pasture increased  (established
in November) up to 10 tines for F, up to twice as
much for Cu, up to 100 times as much for Pb aid
up to <40 times as much for Zn.  The fumes and
gases emitted towards the eastern section
appeared to be of a different composition from
those which drifted westward, probably due to the
fact that  they had to cross the moist air which
covered the river.  There was considerable damage
caused to  the growth of plants and animals by the
industrial emission distance of 3 km from the
industrial center.  The damage was mainly caused
by Pb and  Zn, probably also by F, or other
harmful materials,  zinc harmed the animals
mainly by  a degradation in the rate of Co
resorption.  The resulting deterioration in the
Co supply  for the cattle would be worse, were it
not for the fact that Cu was emitted.  Other
materials, besides Pb, deteriorate animal health
and growth, and the marginal content of Pb in the
liver, which was taken as a measurement of the
extent of  damage to animals, was probably lower
than usual.  The overall damage per hectare to
the plants and animals, as a result of industrial
emission,  was in the regions:  (111)3-2 km
approximately 100X; (11)2-1.5 km approximately
250X; (1)1.5-1 km approximately 500X; and (la) up
to 1 km approximately 1000%.  In the region I the
damage decreased rapidly with distance from the
factory.   Region I was further subdivided:
(Ic)1.5 to 1.25 kilometers approximately 500S;
and (Ib)  1.25 to 1 kilometer approximately 750X.
The inner  zone la and/or Ib caused damage to the
animals not only during the grazing time, but
also because of the increase of harmful materials
in the liver, in the subsequent stages when the
animals were on other pastures. Agricultural use
of zone la and Ib was not recommended.  Zone IT,
may have temporary damages.   Recommendations were
made on how to lower the damage caused by
emission.   >
7«0
Stability and Behavior of Complexes  of Copper,
Zinc, Iron, Manganese, and Lead  with  Humic
Substances of Soils

Verloos, M. ;  Cottenie, A.; Fac.  Agron. Sci.,
State Dniv.,  Ghent, Belgium

Pedologie(PEDOAE) 1972, 22(2), 17U-84; 1972

HUHATE STABILITY; TRACE ELEMENTS; PH; COPPEB;
LEAD; ZINC; MANGANESE; IRON; HOMOS; SOILS
7U2
Chemistry and Availability of Ricronutrients in
Soils

Viets, F.G.

J.  Agric. Food Chen.,  10, 17K-8; 1962

BICRONUTRIENTS;  SOILS;  CHEMISTRY; AVAILABILITY
                                                    107

-------
 743-750
 7K3
 Distribution  of  Lead-210  And  Radium-226  In
 Certain  Soils

 Vilenskii,  V.D.

 Geokhimiia,  12,  1969,  1507-1510

 DISTRIBUTION;  LEAD;  RADIOM; SOILS
 The  Geochemistry  of  Fare  and  Dispersed  Chemical
 Elements  in  Soils

 Vinogradov,  A.P,

 Translated from Russian by Consultants  Bureau,
 Inc.  New  York;  1959

 GEOCHEMISTRY;  SOILS;  DISPERSION
 7U5
 Effect  of  Natural  Extracts Upon  the  Sorption  of
 Some Radioisotopes by the Soil

 Volkova, N.Y.;  Hakhonina, G.I.;  litlyanova, A.A.

 Pochvovedenie,  3,  52-57; 196U

 STRONTIUM  90;  RUTHENIUM  106; CADKIUH 115; CERIUM
 1UH; CHELATION;  RUBIDIUM 85; SOILS;  ADSORPTION;
 RADIOISOTOPES;  BIRCH; PINE NEEDLES;  ASPEN;  BIRD
 CHERRY;  FERNS;  LEAVES; PLANTS

 A study was carried  out  of the desorbing
 properties of  some natural extracts  (water
 extracts from  yellow leaves of aspen,  birch,  bird
 cherry,  ferns,  and pine  needles) in  respect to
 following radioisotopes; Rb 85,  Sr 90, Ru 106, Ag
 110, Cd  115, and Ce  111.  All the above elements
 increased their  mobility under the influence  of
 extracts. It is  supposed that the desorbing
 effect  of the  extracts is connected  with the
 formation of soluble complex compounds of the
 above metals with  organic substances,  the
 desorption effect  of extracts on Rb  and Sr
 depends  upon the cations present in  the extracts.
1.7 to 10.OS of the HSMA-carbon-11  was  degraded
in nonsterile soil, as coapared  with  0.7%  in
steai-sterilized controls.   Four  soil
microorganisms isolated in  pure  culture degraded
from 3 to 20% of the MSMA-carbon-1U to  carbon
dioxide-11 when grown in liquid  culture
containing 10 ppm of MSMA and  1  gram  per liter  of
yeast extract.  Thin-layer  chromatography  (TLC)
on silica gel G-coated plates  effected  the
separation of MSMA, arsenate,  and arsenite.   Only
arsenate and MSHA were detected  after TLC  of
extracts from the soil and  microbial  growth
experiments.  These data indicate that  soil
microorganisms are at least  partly  responsible
for MSMA degradation in soil.
7U7
Heavy Metal Contamination by Industrial
Imuission.  Soil, Forage Plants and Cattle  Livers
in the Nordenham Area

Wagner, K. H. ; Siddigi, I.; Institut fur
Ernahrungswissenschaft II der Oniversitat
Giessen, German Federal Republic

Naturwissenschaften  (NAT»AY) , 60(3),  161;  1973

METALS; LEAD; EMISSIONS; MILLS; SOILS; PLANTS;
LIVER; CATTLE; FORAGE; CADMIDM; ZINC; DEFECTIVE
FILTERS; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; LEAD PLANTS

The Fb, Cd and Zn contents of the 0-5 and  5-10 cm
layers of soil and of the vegetation  0.75-2.5 km
away from a Pb plant with a defective
purification filter are tabulated.  The Pb, Cd
and Zn contents of soil 2.5 km away were four
times those of ordinary soil, and the contents in
the vegetation were also very high.
7K8
Toxic Materials in Soil Amendments

Wagner, K.H.;  Siddiqi, I.; Inst. Ernaehrungswiss.
II, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Naturwissenschaften (NATWAY) , 60(3), 160-161; 1973

SOILS; CARCINOGENS; COMPOST; HASTES; SLUDGE
7(16
Degradation of Monosodium Methanearsonic Acid by
Soil Microorganisms

Von Endt, D.W. ; Kearney, P.C.; Kaufman, D.D.;
Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research
Service, 0. S, Department of  Agriculture,
Beltsville, Maryland   20705

Agricultural and Food chemistry,  16, 17-20;  1968,
January-February

MSMA; DEGRADATION; SOILS; ORGANIC ARSENICALS;
STERILITY;  THIN LAYER CHROMATOGHAPHY; ARSENIC;
SODIUM HYDROGEN METHANEARSONATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY

Monosodium  methanearsonic acid (MSMA) was chosen
as the model compound for a study of the
degradation of organic arsenicals in soil.
Comparison  of evolved carbon dioxide-1M from four
sterile and nonsterile soils 60 days after
treatment with MSMA-carbon-11 showed that from
7U9
Dependence of the Lead Content of Plants on Lead
Concentration in Soil

Wagner, K.H.; Siddiqi, I.

Naturwissenschaften, 60(U), 200; 1973

BARLEY; ADSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; AIR; PLANTS;
LEAD; SOILS
750
The Effects of Horticultural Practices on  Man and
His Environment

Walker, K.C.

Hortscience, 5(1), 239-2U2; 1970

PESTICIDES; PLANTS; NUTRITION; SALINITY; WATER;
SMOKE; SOILS; EROSIONS: HORTICULTURE
                                                    108

-------
751
where Have all the Toxic chemicals  Gone?

Walker, W.H.

Ground Water,  11(2),  11-20;  1973, April

LEACHING; LEACHATES;  MINE  SHAFTS; REGULATIONS;
SOILS; LANDFILLS; UNDERGROUND

A general survey, illustrated  with  case histories
of the threat  to water supplies  ty  the
indiscriminate disposal of toxic  materials.
752
Microbial Versus Chemical  Degradation  of
Malathion in Soil

Wallace, A.; Mississippi Agric.  for. Exp.  Stn.,
Mississippi state Oniv., State  College,  Ms

J. Environ. Qual.(JEVQAA)  1973,  2(2),  229-32;
1973, May 15

BOTANY; HEALTH;  SAFETY;  PROGEESS  REPORTS

Malathion degradation in 3 mississippi soils  was
more rapid under non-sterile  than under  sterile
conditions, which indicates  micrebial
involvement. Malathion degradation under  sterile
conditions was taken to  be chemical degradation.
Malathion was stable under neutral or  acid pH
conditions, but  was susceptible  to hydrolysis
under alkaline conditions.
753
Behavior of Certain Synthetic chelating  Agents  in
Biological Soil Systems.  Annual  Progress  Report

Wallace, A.

California Oniv., Riverside  DSA.  Dept. of  Soil
Science and Agricultural Engineering, Contract
AT(OU-3)-3U.  (DCB-3U-P-51-36) ,  15 May, 1973;
1973, May 15

BOTANY.; PROGRESS REPORTS; CH ELATES
75»
Effects of Chelated and Nonchelated Cobalt  and
Copper on Yields and Microelement Composition of
Bash Beans Grown on Calcareous Soil in a
Glasshouse

Wallace, A.; Mueller, R.T.; Dep. Soil Sci.  Agric.
Eng., Riverside, Calif.

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAiS) 1973, 37(6),
907-8; 1973

METALS; CHELATES; BEANS; EDTA; COBALT; COPPER;
IRON; SOILS; CALGARELLIS SOIL
755
Diffusion of Zinc in Soil. 2. The Influence of
Soil Bulk Density and Its Interaction with Soil
Moisture

Warncke, D.D.; Barber, S.A.; Purdue Dniveristy,
Lafayette, In

Soil Sci. Soc. AD., Proc. 1972, 36(1), i»2-«6; 1972

CHLORIDE; TORTUOSITY; SOILS; ZIHC; REDUCTIOH;
DIFFUSION; WATEB; SOIL BOISTORB
                                                                                                   751-759
In 5 soils at 3 moisture levels the diffusion
path was least tortuous near 1.3 g/cm3. the order
of influence of soil bulk density on tortuosity
was 1.6 greather than 1.5 greater than 1.3 g/cm3.
soil bulk density interacted significantly with
soil mositure in affecting Zn diffusion
coefficients. At 20 and 30X moisture, the Zn
diffusion rate reached a maximum near 1.5 g/cm3.
as soil moisture increased, the reduction in the
effect on interaction of Zn with soil was greater
than the effect of tortuosity,  in determining the
effective rate of Zn diffusion. When bulk density
increased from 1.5 to 1.6 g/m3  an increase in the
degree of interaction and tortuosity caused a
sharp decrease in the Zn diffusion coefficient.
756
Diffusion of Zinc in Soils.  3.  Relation to Zinc
Adsorption Isotherms

Warncke, D.D.;  Barber, S.A.

Soil Sci. Soc.  Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8)  1973,  37(3),
355-8; 1973

ZINC; DIFFUSION; SOILS;  DESORPTION;  CATIONS
EXCHANGE; CATION; BUFFERING CAPACITY
757
Bic Geochemistry in Canada

Warren, H.V.

Endeavour (Engl Ed)  31(112),  U6-U9;  1972

REVIEW; PLANTS; MINERALS;  LEAD; SOILS;
EICGEOCHEMISTRY



758
Variations  in the Copper,  Zinc, Lead and
Molybdenum  Contents on Some Vegetables  and Their
Supporting  Soils

Warren, H.V.; Delavault,  R.E.

Geol. Soc.  Am.  Mem.,  97-108;  1971

INDUSTRY; COPPER; ZINC; LEAD;  MOLYBDENUM;
VEGETABLES;  SOILS
759
Base Metal Pollution in Soils

Barren, H.V.;  Delavault, R.E.;  Cross, C.H.

Part of Hemphill,  Delbert D.  (Ed.).   Proceedings
of University of Missouri,  3rd  Annual Conference
of Trace Substances in Environmental Health.
University of Missouri, Columbia,  MO (p.  9-19)
391; 1970

METALS; SOILS
                                                   109

-------
 760-766
760
Metal Pollution   A Growing Problem in Industrial
and Urban Areas

Warren, H.V.;  Delavault, H.E.; Fletcher, K.V.

Can. Min. detail. Bull. pp. 3
-------
                                                                                                  767-772
767
Plant Anomalies Related  to  Some  British  Columbia
Ore Deposits

White, H.H.

Trans. Can. Inst. Mining  Met.  53,  368-71;  1950

ORE; PROSPECTING; PLANTS; GEOCHEMISTRY;  TREES-
ZINC; COPPER

The value of anomalous metal contents  of trees  as
an aid to the discovery  of  mineral  deposits  was
tested under field conditions  on  1  knovn ore
deposits.  Results indicate that  a  base-metal
deposit, or any deposit  containing  Zn  or Cu,
casts a "metal shadow" into the  overlying  soil
which remains approximately positioned above the
deposit, regardless of the  type  of  overburden or
the movement of ground H2O.  The  high  content of
Zn or Cu in trees growing within  the limits  of
this shadow constitutes  an  anomaly  which can be
detected and plotted  in  the field.  CA ««,  1061«
(1950)
768
Mercury Levels in Soils of the  Eastern  Dnited
States

Wiersma, G.B; Tai, H.

Pesticides Monitoring Journal,  7 (3/U),  211-216;
197«, March

CROPLAND; SOILS; MERCURY

Cropland and noncropland  soils  were  sampled  to
determine levels of elemental mercury present in
the upper three inches of soj.1.  Results  showed
no difference in mercury  levels between cropland
and noncropland soils.  Levels  detected compared
closely to levels found in similar studies.
Actual Dean levels of mercury residues  in soils
of the eastern United States ranged  from  0.05 to
0.10 ppm.
769
Inter Conversion of Chloroneb and
2.5-Dichloro-U-Methoxy Phenol by Soil
Microorganisms

Wiese, M.V.; Varga, J.M.

Pest Biochem. Physiol., 3(2), 21U-222;  1973

FUNGICIDES; STABILITY; METHYLATE; DEGRADATION;
SOILS; CHLORONEB; METHOXY; PHENOL; MICROORGANISMS
770
Lead in Soil and Plants

wiklander, L.; Institutionen for Harkvetenskap,
Avd. for Harklara, Lantbrukshogskolan, Uppsala,
Sweden

Grundforbattring, 2«(2) , 65-67;  1971

BTGflWAY PROXIMITY; LEAD; SOILS;  PLANTS; GRASSES;
AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; AIB

The Pb in grass and in the 0-1 ci layer of soil.
undisturbed after autumn cultivation, was
determined in samples collected at various
distances from a road in June and was compared
with the concentration in the 0-20 cm layer.  The
Pb concentration in the surface soil began to
increase at «0 m from the road up to 9.5 and 33.1
ppm at 5.5 m for easily and difficultly soluble
Pb, respectively. The grass from the roadside
contained up to 567 ppm Pb.
771
Lead in Soil and Plants.
Vehicles
    1. Influence of Motor
Hiklander, L.; Inst. Markvetenskap
Lantbrukshogsk., Oppsala, Sweden

Grundforbattring, 23, 163-169; 1971

LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; SNOB; WHEAT STRAW; SPRUCE;
TREES; HIGHWAY PROXIMITY; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
AIR; SOLUBILITY
The Pb content of snou
and of the top cm of s
atmospheric deposition
main road in Uppsala a
30-U5 m from it.  The
cm was not affected by
The Pb contents of whe
spruce were high near
30 m respectively away
Gothenburg park expose
contained 12-117 ppm o
69-U25 ppm of total Pb
 accumulated  during winter
oil in spring showed that
 of Pb was high close to a
nd reached a  normal value
Pb content of soil at 10-15
 distance from the road.
at straw and  Norwegian
the road and  normal 50 and
 from it.  The soil of a
d to heavy traffic
f easily soluble Pb and
772
Studies on the Sorption of Sodium Arsenate and
Sodium Arsenite by Soil and Snythetic Iron and
Aluminum Oxide

Wiklander, L.; Fredriksson, L.

Acta Agric. Suec'anc., 1, 345-376; 19U6

SODIUM ARSENATE; SODIUM ARSENITE; SYNTHETIC IRON;
ALUMINUM OXIDE; IRON; SOILS;  ARSENIC; ARSENATE;
ARSENITE; SORPTION; SILICIC ACID

Different soils were shaken with known guantities
of arsenate and arsenite solutions,
ultra-filtered and the arsenic determined in the
filtrate.  Sorption of arsenate was rapid and
reached eguilbirum within one day.   Sorption of
arsenite was rapid to begin with, but was not
complete after 30 days, nor was it  so strong as
with arsenate.  Of the soils tested a brown earth
had the greatest sorption capacity  for As and a
low-moor soil the least.  The inorganic fractions
seemed to be more active sorting agents than the
organic.  Pe203 was particularly active and
appeared to be the cause of a high  sorption
capacity of the brown earth.   Additions of Fe203
produced practically 100% sorption  of both
arsenate and arsenite.  Lining increased sorption
of arsenite greatly, and of arsenate slightly.
Sorption of arsenate, but not of arsenite, was
accompanied by liberation of varying quantities
of silicic acid   apparently a process of anionic
exchange.  There was no indication  of any
oxidation of arsenite to arsenate,  or of the
reverse reduction, in soil.
                                                    in

-------
 773-779
 773
 Accumulation Lead  in  Soils  and  Herbage  at
 Rothamsted  Experimental  Station

 Williaas, c.;  Pedol.  Dep.,  Rothansted  Exp.  Stn.,
 Harpenden/Herts.,  England

 J. Agr.  Sci.  (JASIAB), 82(1),  189-92;  197U

 LEAD;  HEHBAGE;  SOILS; ACCUMULATION;
 77U
 Effect  of  Superphosphate  on  the  Cadmiui Content
 of Soils and  Plants

 Williams,  C.;  David,  D.J.; Div.  Plant  Ind.,
 Csiro,  Canberra,  Australia

 Aust. J. Soil Ses. (ASOPAB) 1973,  11(1), 13-56;
 1973

 CADMIUM; SUPERPHOSPHATE;  PLANTS;  FERTILIZERS
 775
 The  Use  of  Soil  Extractants  to  Estimate Plant
 Available Molybdenum  and  Seleniui  in  Potentially
 Toxic  Soils

 Williams, C.;  Thornton,  I.

 Plant  Soil,  39(1),  1973,  149-159

 EDTA;  AMMONIUM ACETATE;  PH;  ORSANIC MATTER;
 SOILS; MOLYBDENUM;  SELENIUM;  AVAILABILITY
 776
 A  Preliminary Study of the Effects of  High Levels
 of Inorganic Lead  on  Soil Fauna

 Williamson, P.;  Evans, P.P.;  Dep. Biol.  Sci.,
 Portsmouth Polytech., Park Road, Portsaouth,
 Hamps., England

 Pedobiologia, 13(1),  16-21

 SOIL FAUNA; SPOIL  HEAPS; MINES;  ROADSIDE; LEAD
 NITRATE; LEAD CHLORIDE POWDER; DISTRIBUTION;
 LEAD;  SOILS; FADNA

 The soil fauna of  spoil heaps near disused lead
 mines, of roadside verges, and of plots  treated
 with lead nitrate  solutions and  lead chloride
 powder were studied quantitatively.  No  (toxic)
 effects of inorganic  lead on  the distribution and
 abundance of different groups could be
 demonstrated.
777
Removal of Plutonium 239, Tungsten 185 and Lead
210 from Soils

Wilson, D.O.; Cline, J.F.; Battelle-Northwest,
Richland, Washington

Nature, 209,  911-912; 1966, February

PLUTONIUM 239; TUNGSTEN 185; LEAD 210; SOILS;
ADSORPTION; PLANT UPTAKE

The plant-soil interrelationship of Pb 210, W
135,  and Pu 239 was investigated.  The amounts of
these radioisotopes removed from different soils
by plants and the effectiveness of several
extracting solutions in removing Pu 239 and W  185
from contaminated soils were determined.  The
uptake of the radioisotopes by barley was soil
dependent.  The activity in the extraction
experiments for the various soils tested  was  0.1
uC/g dry soil.  Barley grown  in the  different
soils accumulated only very small amounts of  Pb
210 and less Pu 239, but W 185 was accumulated in
biologically significant amounts.  The extracting
solutions removed more Pb 210 and Pu  239  from the
soil than did the barley.
778
Mercury Distribution in Estuarine-Nearshore
Environment

Windom, H.L.; Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography,
Savannah, GA

Monitoring Agency Report No. IDOE-73-37; Grants
NSF-GS-27916, NOAA-1-36009;  10p. J. of the
Waterways, Harbors and Coastal Engineering, ASCE,
V99 NWW2 Proc. Paper 9753  (257-26U);  1973, May

ABSORPTION; SEDIMENTATION; SALT MARSHES; GRASSES;
ESTUARIES; MERCURY; WATER; OCEAN; SEDIMENTATION;
UPTAKE; PLANTS

The transfer of mercury through an  esturarine
system of the southeastern Atlantic coast to the
open ocean is controlled by:   (1) mixing of
estuarine waters with off-shore waters;  (2) loss
in plant detritus due to rafting offshore; (3)
migration of estuarine organisms to offshore
areas.  An additional loss of mercury from the
estuarine system is due to sedimentation.  A
budget of mercury for estuaries along the Georgia
coast indicates that the dominant salt marsh
plant, SPARTINA ALTERNIFLOBA, exerts a strong
control on the migration of this metal.  Mercury
enters the estuary primarily in solution,
delivering approximately 1.5 mg annually to each
square meter of salt marsh.  The annual uptake of
mercury by the plant is approximately 0.7 mg/m of
salt marsh.
779
The Chemistry and Toxicity of Arsenic in Soil

Woolson, E.A.

Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, MD,
University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., Order
No.;  70-11 650; 1970

ARSENIC; SOILS; IRON; ALUMINUM; ARSENATE;
PHOSPHATES; PH; LOAM; SANDY LOAM; SILT; LEACHING;
SAND; CALCIUM; BIOASSAY

As-contaminated soils were characterized for
their extractable Fe, Al and Ca contents, and the
water-soluble Fe, Al and Ca arsenates.  They were
bio-assayed by the growth of maize which
indicated the As-toxicity level.  Plant 'growth
reduction and extractable As (0.5 N NaHC03 for
soil pH greater than or egual to 6.5; 0.05 N HC1
and 0.025 N H2S01 for pH less than 6.5) were
linearly correlated  (r equals 0.75).  p added to
a Lakeland sandy loam increased the toxicity 3.1*
fold while it decreased the toxicity  2.6 fold in
a Hagerstown silty clay loam.  This was
attributed to differences in the extractable Fe
content of the soils  (7 times more in the
Hagerstown soil). Leaching a Dunkirk  fine sand
containing 625 ppm As with 350 inches of 0.05 H
K-phosphate solution removed 77S of tl^e total As.
Before leaching, 58% of the As was pre'sent in
the soil as Fe-arsenate, 39% as Al- antl 3% as
Ca-arsenate. After leaching, 72% of the As left
was as Fe-arsenate,  19* as Al-arsenate, 5% as
water soluble and 1% as Ca-arsenate.
                                                    112

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                                                                                                  780-783
780
The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity  of Arsenic  in
Soils:  1.  Contaminated Field Scils

Woolson, E.A.; Axley, J.H.;  Kearney,  P.C.;  Dept.
of Agronomy, University of Maryland,  College
Park, MD 20702; Plant Science Research  Division,
Agricultural Research Services,  U.S.  Dept.  of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD  20705

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.,  35,  938-U3;  1971

ABSENIC; IRON; ALOMINUM; CALCIUM; TOLERANCE;
ARSENIC FIXATION; ARSENIC  ACCUMULATION;  RESIDUES;
PERSISTENCE; INSECTICIDES; HERBICIDES;
PHYTOTOXICITY; PHOSPHORUS; HDMUS; SYHPTOMOLOGY

Arsenic (As) residues on 58  surface soil samples
taken from soils with a history  of As application
average 165 parts per million As, while  nearby
soils not treated averaged 13 parts per  million
As.  Most of the residual  As was found  as
iron-arsenic  (0.1N  NaOH extractatle)  by  a
modified soil P procedure.   Hater-soluble As  (1N
NH1C1 extractable)  was detected  in soils from two
states.  Other forms, aluminum-  and
calcium-arsenic (0.5N NHtF and 0.5N H2SOU
extractable arsenic, respectively) , may
predominate if the  amount  of "reactive"  aluminum
or calcium is high  and reactive  iron  is  low.
Bioassay of the contaminated and uncontaminated
soils showed a correlation of 0.7H between  growth
reduction and total  As and 0.82  with  a  summation
of As fractions. Plants were tolerant to large
arsenic applications  (670  parts  per million
arsenic) to soils which were high in  reactive  (1N
NaOH extractable)  aluminum.
781
The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity  cf  Arsenic  in
Soils:  2. Effects of Time and Phosphorus

Hoolson, E.A.; Axley, J.H.;  Kearney, P.C.

Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.,  37(2),  25U-259;  1973

AHSENATE; SODIUM ARSENATE; SOILS; ARSENIC;  CLAY
LOAM; LAKELAND LOAMY SARD; CORN; PHYTOTOXICITY;
LAKELAND SOIL; LEACHING; IBON; ALUBINOB; CALCIUM;
SILTY CLAY LOAN; LOAM; SILT;  SAND;  PHOSPHOBOS;
PLANTS

Arsenate from sodium arsenate changes  to less
soluble compounds in soils with  tine.   To study
these changes, the arsenic soluble  in  1 N NHUC1,
0.5N NHUF, 0.1N NAOH, and 0.5N H2SOU solutions
was determined.  These dissolved arsenates  were
designated as BS-AS  (Hater Soluble), AI-AS,
FE-AS, or CA-AS, respectively.   The  percent  of
iS-AS present was proportional to AS added  and
inversely proportional to time,  and  to  the  Fe and
Al content.  Fe-As was the predoiinant  form  of As
in Hagerstown silty clay loam while  AL-AS
predominated in Lakeland loamy sand.   Growth of
corn  (Zea Mays) increased with increase in  time
of as incubation in the soil before  planting.
Arsenic phytotoiity and AS in the plant were
altered by P additions.  Arsenic residues in the
Lakeland soil became more phytotozic,  while
residues in the Hagerstown soil  became  less
phytotoxic with P additions.  This  plant response
was related to the availability  of As  and P  in
these soils.  Leaching with  0.05H KH2POU removed
77* of the total as from a contaminated Dunkirk
fine sand.  The distribution of  the  forms of As
in this soil changed during  leaching.   (26
references)
782
Persistence and Reactions of Carbon 1U-Cacodylic
Acid in Soils

Hoolson, E.A.;  Kearney, P.C.; Agricultural
Environment Quality Institue, Agricultural
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
20705

Environmental Science and Technology,  7  (1),
«7-50; 1973, January

ARSENIC; CACODYLIC ACID; SOILS; PERSISTENCE;
CABBON 11;  CARBON; CONCENTRATION; AVAILABILITY;
ARSINE; ALKYL ARSINE; AEROBIC; ANAEROBIC;
DEGRSDATION; BIODEGRADABILITY

CarbOD-14-labeled cacodylic acid
(hydroxydiraethylarsine oxide) was prepared by
reacting 1Kcarbon-methyl iodide with methyl
dichloroarsine. Concentrations of 1, 10,  and 100
parts per million of cacodylic acid were
established in  three soils of varying  iron and
aluminum content.  At 2, i», 8, 16,  2H, and 32
weeks, soils were analyzed for ItCarbon and total
arsenic in  the  water-soluble  (ws),  calcium  (Ca),
iron  (Fe) ,  and  aluminum (Al)  fractions.
Initially,  cacodylic acid was distributed in the
following fractions: ws» Al >Fe>Ca.  After 32
weeks, the  distribution was ws>Al>Fe>Ca.   In
contrast, inorganic arsenate  (5+) was  largely
present in  the  Fe and Al fractions. Cacodylic
acid persistence was a function of  soil type and
after 32 weeks  the following amounts of llcarbon
were recovered  in each soil type by combustion:
Christiana   (23*), Hagerstown  (53*), Lakeland
(62*) .  A decrease in both total lUcarbon and
total arsenic occurred in all soils with  time.  A
pungent garlic  odor was detected in soils
receiving 100 parts per million, suggesting the
production  of a volatile alkyl arsine.  The loss
cf arsenic  suggests that one route  of  cacodylic
acid loss from  aerobic and anerobic soils is by
alkyl arsine volatility.  Degradation  under
aerobic conditions also occurred by cleavage of
the carbon — As  bond, presumably yielding  C02 and
AsOU(3-).  This degradation is presumably due to
microbiological action.
783
Arsenic Pollutants in the Ecosystem (Les
Polluants Arsenigue Dans le Systeme Ecologigue)

Hullstein, L.H.; Snyder, K.;  University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah

Soil Sci. 116(5), 376-382; 1973

ARSENIC; PALMAR KERATOSES; NASAL MEMBRANES;
SELENIUM; BEER; TOLERANCE; RATS; BIOLOGICAL
TRANSFORMATION; SOIL NITROGEN; AHHONIFICATION;
NITRIFICATION; SMELTERS; EMISSIONS; PH;
NITROSOFICATION; SOILS; NITROGEN; ANIMALS; NOSE;
KERATOSES

Relatively high concentrations of arsenic and
total nitrogen and relatively low pH values on
soils near a smelter are thought to result froa
the uptake of smelter emissions.  Nitrification
rates on such soils were reduced compared to
control soils and arsenic added to the controls
reduced their nitrification rates.
Nitrosofication of soils near the smelter were
lower than the controls but the addition of
arsenic to the controls did not change the rate
of nitrosofication.  Ammonification rates of  both
soils amended with both peptone and arsenic were
sinilar.  There was an indication that added
arsenic inhibited amnoniun oxidation.
                                                    113

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784-791
 78U
 Model  Surveillance  for  Cadmium  Pollution

 Yamagata,  N. ;  Ivashima,  K.;  Kuzuhara,  Y.;
 Yamagata,  T.;  National  Institute  Health,  Tokyo,
 Japan

 Koshu  Eiseiin  Kenkyu  Hokoku  (KEKHA7) ,  20(3),
 170-186;  1972

 CADMIUM;  BIVEBS;  HATER;  PADDIES;  SOILS;  MODEI
 785
 Studies  on  Environmental  Contamination  by
 Uranium.  3.  Effects  of Carbonate  Ion  on Uranium
 Adsorption  to and  Desorption  from  Soils

 Yamamoto, T.;  Yunoki,  E.;  Yamakawa,  M. ; Shimizu,
 M.;  Hyg. Lab.  okayama  Pref.,  Okayama

 J. Eadiat.  Res.,  11(3), 219-224;  1973

 URANIUM; CAFBONATES ION;  ADSORPTION; DESORPTION;
 SOILS; ALLUVIAL  SOIL;  SAND; VOLCANIC 4SH;  UHANYL;
 CARBONATE;  STREAM  WATER

 Adsorption  of  uranium  on  soils  and its  desorption
 from uranium  adsorbed  soils in  the presence  of
 carbonate ion  were examined by  using three kinds
 of soils; alluvial soil,  sandy  soil  and volcanic
 ash  soil.   The adsorption  ratio of uranium for
 each soil was  approximately 100 per  cent for the
 mixtures of uranyl (1-50  microgramU/ml) and
 solutions  (0.3 -  109  nicrogran  C03 ml). In the
 uranium  adsorbed soil  (7.1 -  500 microgram U/g
 air  dried soil)  with carbonate  ion (4.3, 13.4
 microgram/ml) , the desorption- ratio  of  uranium
 for  each soil was  low  (0.09 - 1. 2JS) .   The
 adsorption  of  uranium  on  soils  and the  desorptioc
 from uranium  adsorbed  soils with stream water
 were probably  similar  to  those  with  carbonate
 solution.
786
Effects of Environmental Conditions and the
Coadministration of Growth Retardants  on  the
Response of Sugarcane-M to Foliar  Treatment with
Gibberellin

Yates, R.A.

Agron. J., 6U(1), 1972, 31-35

SOILS; MOISTURE; DALAPON; AZA; DRACIL; SUCROSE;
WATER
787
Combined Ion-Exchange Separation and Atomic
Absorption Determination of Heavy Metals in
Soils.  I. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils

Yoneda, S.; Imamura, M.; Shigeuoto, H.; Kochi,
T. ; Univ. Okayama, Ofcayama, Japan

Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi  (NIDHAX)   43 (8),
278-81; 1972

TRACE ELEMENTS; DETERMINATION; SOILS;  ION
EXCHANGE; ATOMIC ABSORPTION;  HEAVY METALS
788
Diagnosis of Environment Seen  from
Soil-Pollution.  The Present State  of  Soil
Pollution by Heavy Metals and  Pesticides

Yoskiike, A.; Section of Soil  and Pesticides  for
Agriculture, the Environment Agency of the
Japanese Government, Tokyo, Japan

Kankyo Sozo  (Environ. Creation), 1(1),  84-89;  197U

OHGANOCHLORINES; SOILS; AGRICULTURE; METALS;
TRACE ELEMENTS; BENZENE HEXACHL08IDE;  CROPS;
PESTICIDES; POTATOES; CUCUMBERS; ALDHIN;
DIELDHIN; ENDRIN; REGULATIONS;  BHC;  DDT

The present state of soil pollution in  Japan  is
outlined.  Soil pollution by pesticides used  for
agricultural uses is attributed to  persistent,
not-easily decomposed organochlorine
insecticides. These pollute the field  soil, are
absorbed by the crops and in turn pollute the
agricultural produce.  Instances of
crop-pollution through polluted soil are potatoes
and cucumbers produced in eight prefectures and
containing aldrin, dieldrin, and/or endrin more
than the standard value in 1970.  Countermeasures
for soil pollution by pesticides include the
regulation of pesticides with  severe restrictions
on the use of aldrin and dieldrin and  prohibition
of the use of BHC and DDT.  Pesticides  applying
for registration will be held  back  if  they are
persistent and pollute the soil.  Fields polluted
by persistent pesticides are not recommended  for
planting of vegetable crops such as cucumber and
Japanese radish, but can be used for growing
ornamental plants.
789
Separation of Lead-203

Yushkan, E.I.; lokhle'Son, S.B.; Rovinskii, F.Y.;
Sergeeva, E.I.;  USSR

Radiokhim. Anal. Ob'Ektov Vnesh. Sredy (26UHAP)
1972, () 91-3; 1972

LEAD 203; DETERMINATION; PLANTS; SOILS;  ASH
790
Changes of Copper Contents in Buck Soil as a
Result of Copper, Sodium EDTA and
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Fertilization on
its Properties Background

Zablicki, Z.;  Inst. Glebozn. Melior, Akad. Roln.,
Szczecin, Poland

Zesz. Nauk.,  Akad. Roln. Szczecinie (2ARS A8) 1972,
9 (38) , 517-36; 1972

FERTILIZERS;  COPPER; SOILS; MUCK; EDTA
791
Dynamics of Trace Elements in Liman Meadow Soils
of the Arid Zone of Central Kazakhstan

Zhukova, V.A.; Solodnikova, E.A.

Izv.  Akad.  Nauk. Kaz. SSR. Ser. Biol. Nauk.  (1),
1972, 6-11

COPPER;  ZINC;  MANGANESE; COBALT; MOLYBDENUM;
BOEON; IRRIGATION; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS
                                                    114

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                                                                                                  792-797
792
Lead in Soils and Plants

Zimdahl, R.L.; Colorado state University,  Fort
Collins, CO   80521

Part of Edwards, H.H.  (Ed.), Impact  on  Man  of
Environmental Contamination Caused by Lead,
Interim Report, July  1, 1971-June  30,  1972  (p
98-123) 211;  1972

LEAD; SOILS:  PLANTS;  LANGMUIR;  EQUATION;
SOHPTION; CATION EXCHANGE; HIGHWAY PROXIMITY;
AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;  PH;  UPTAKE;  BEANS;  CORN;
WHEAT; FOLIAR ADSORPTION;  AVAILABILITY;
PERSISTENCE

Our work to data has  shown that  a  major  portion
of the lead emitted by automobiles traveling on
an interstate highway  is deposited within 50 feet
of the highway.  The  lead  does  move  downward in
the soil profile but  at a  very  slow  rate.   Values
up to 1,000 ppm have  been  found  adjacent  to 1-25
north of Denver.  The  background lead level for
soils in the  same area is  approximately  22  ppm.
Soil sorption studies  have shown that equilibrium
occurs within 18 hours.  studies of  seven
different soils with  varying characteristics have
shown that the Langmuir sorption equation best
describes the process.  That is, each soil  shows
a maximum value for the sorption of  lead.   Our
data indicate that the capacity  of the  soil for
sorbinq or immobilizing lead is  correlated  with
the cation exchanqe capacity of  the  soil.   This
effect is attenuated  by pH which decreases  the
capacity of the soil  to sorb lead  and in  theory
should make the lead  more  available  to  plants.
Studies with  plants grown  in hydroponic  culture
and then exposed to lead nitrate solutions  have
shown that several different plants  have  a  great
capacity to take up lead from solution.   Soil
studies have shown a  relationship  between soil
lead levels and the amount of lead taken  up by
the plant.  The literature contains  many  papers
which attribute lead  in the plant  to foliar
uptake.  We have developed an apparatus  to
specifically expose plants to foliar lead.
Additional studies involving detached cuticle
have shown very little transport of  lead  across
the foliar cuticular  barrier.
limited due to the sorptive ability of the soil.
Lead is taken up slowly by plant roots and may be
absorbed by foliage.   Lead taken up from soil
generally remains in the root with little
translocation to the shoot.  when plants are
ex posed to atmospheric contamination, most of the
lead remains as a topical coating of particles on
the foliage.  Present lead levels associated with
crops are not generally sufficient to pose a
hazard to human or animal health.
791
Soil Fixation of Lead

Zimdahl, R.L.; Skogerboe, R.K.; Arvik, J.H.;
Colorado State Univ., Dept.  of Botany and Plant
pathology. Fort Collins;  Colorado State Univ.,
Dept. of Chemistry, Fort Collins

American Society of Agronomy, 63rd Annual
Meeting, New York, N.Y.,  August 15-20, 1971,
Abstracts, 119-50; 1971

HIGHHAYS; SOILS; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; LEAD;
CONCENTRATION; TRAFFIC; HIND; LEACHING
EXPERIMENTS; ADSORPTION;  LANGMUIR EQUATION
The lead
highway
of lead
distance
and prev
ex peri me
movement
imnobili
complete
isctherm
 level in soil
was investigat
was associated
 from the high
ailing wind di
nts have confi
 of lead in fo
zed rapidly by
 in 18 hr.  The
 best describe
 surrounding  an interstate
ed.   The soil concentration
 with traffic volume,
way,  depth in the profile,
rection.  Leaching
rmed  limited  downward
ur soil types.   Lead is
 soil with adsorption being
 Langmuir adsorption
s the process.
795
Determination of Maximum Complexinq Ability of
Hater Soluble Complexants

Zunino, H.;  Peirano, P.; Aguilera,  M.; Escobar, I.

Soil Sci.,  111,  11U-116; 1972

HATER; DETERMINATION;  COBPLEXANTS;  HATER SOLUBLE
COflPLEXANTS
793
Lead in Soils and Plants;  A Literature Review

Zimdahl, R.L.; Arvik, J.H.; Heed Res.  Lab.,  Dept.
Bot. Plant Pathol., Colorado State Univ., Fort
Collins, CO

CRC Critical Rev. Environm. Contr. 3(2),  213-220;
1973

LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; ATMOSPHERIC FALLOOT;
MOVEMENT; ROOTS; FOLIAGE; IBANSLCCATION;  CROPS;
HEVIEH; AIR; SORPTION; UPTAKE; TOPICAL COATING

This paper reviews most of the literature
pertinent to the behavior of lead in soils and
plants.  The natural lead content of the  world's
soils averages 16 ppm, and the addition of lead
from atmospheric fallout increases this level
only imperceptibly.  Lead movement in  the soil is
796
Use of the Resin-Exchange Method for the
Determination of Stability Constants of
Metal-Soil Organic Matter Complexes

Zuniono,  H.;  Galindo,  G.; Peirano,  P.;  Aguilera,
M.

Soil Sci., 111(3), 229-233; 1972

SOILS; RESIN-EXCHANGE; DETERMINATION; ORGANIC
MATTES
797
Significance of the Soil in Environmental Quality
Improveiient. A  Review

Zwernan,  P.J.; DeHaan, F.A.; New York Coll.
Agric. Life Sci., Cornell Oniv., Ithaca, NY

Sci.  Total Environ. (SIEVA8) , 2(2), 121-155; 1973
                                                    115

-------
798
798
Copper in some Soils of Tadzhikistan

Zyryanova, A.N.; DSSP

Tr. Tadzh. Nauch.-Issled.  Inst.
Pochvoved. (TPATJU)  1972,  15(1),  196-202;  1972

COPPER; TADZHIKISTAN SOILS;  SOILS
                                                    116

-------
 Abee,  H. H.   60

 Abros'kina,  s.A.  435

 Adaas,  R.S.   580, 627

 Aderikhin,  P.6.   12

 Aguilera, H.   795,  796

 Ahr, w.H.   13

 Aldin'yan,  N.K.   14

 Aizikovich,  S.S.  264

 Akagi,  H.   15

 Akhtyrtsev,  B.P.  16

 Aleshchnkin,  L.V.  17

 Aleti,  A.   246

 Alexander,  8.   18,  19, 47,  61, 93,
   9<4,  1U6

 Alger,  G.B.   52

 Allavay. B.H.   20,  129,  250

 Allovay, B.S.   21

 Anand,  S.S.  657

 Anastasla,  F.B.   22

 Anders, D.E.   23

 Anderson, A.A.   24

 Anderson, J.H.   24

 Anderson, J.P.   25

 Anderson, W.L.   26

 Andecsson, A.  27,  28, 29,  443

 Andrushchenko, G.A.   30

 Anger. H.  724

 Anochin, T.L.  31

 Anspangh, L.B.   436

 Antipov-Karotaev, I.H.   32

 AntropoTa, Z.G.   89

 Aoiine, S.  33,  34

 Araki, K.  497

 Ardakani, U.S.   689

 Arieano, H.   35

 Ariiger, t.H.  406

 Acnott, J.T.  36

 Arora,  S.K.   37

 Arrieta, L.   38

 Arorkar, S.K.  39, 40

 ArrLk,  J.H.   793, 790

 Asa.i.  T.  41, 42

 Ashton, W.H.  43

Aston,  S.B.   44

Auerbach, S.I.   45
                                               SECTION  II
                                              AUTHOR  INDEX
 Anssenac,  G.   46

 Austenson,  H.H.   629

 Austin,  B.P.   86

 Avschaloi,  H.  99

 Alley, J.H.   780,  781

 Ayanaba, A.   47

 Ayecs, J.I.   480

 Babcock, K.L.  197,  198

 Badanur, V.P.  48

 Baes, C.F.  49

 Baetge,  H.H.   646

 Baetsle, L.   50

 Baetsle, L.H.  51

 Baillod, C.B.  52

 Baker, D.E.   53

 Baker, ».E.   54

 BalakoTa,  V.C.   683

 Bannink, D.«.  583

 Bansal,  O.P.  696

 Barber,  S.A.   298, 755, 756

 Barnett, A.P.  55

 Barnette,  P.H.   343

 Barnhisel, R.I.  202, 462

 Barragna, I.E.   56

 Barrow,  H.J.  57

 Bastisse, E.H.   58

 Basa, A.H.  59

 Batistic, L.  469

 Bauer, «.  345

 Banian,  A.  60

 Baatista, E.H.  61

 Beai, H.B.   62

 Beard, «.B.  589

 Beath, O.A.  617

 BeaTington, F.  63

 Beckian,  E.O.   64

 Beak, B.   606

 Beer, C.B.   65

Bahan, H.J.  524

Belrsdorf.  6.T.  407

 Bell, L.C.   66

Belling,  G.B.   341

Belova,  I.T.  89

Belser,  1.0.   67, 130

Banco, 1.  60

              117
 Benders  Kyi,  R.M.   68

 Benjaiin,  I.   499

 Benson,  M.R.   69, 70

 Berencsi,  G.   320,  321

 Berezneva, L.A.  71

 Berg, M.H.  72

 Berina,  D.  73

 Bertinuson, J.H.  74

 Bertrand,  D.   75

 Bespalov,  A.I.  76, 77

 Beage, P.  611

 Binghai, F.T.  78,  560

 Bird, R.B.  79

 Bisbjerg,  A.   80

 Bisbjerg,  B.   81

 Bishop,  S.F.   82

 Bittel,  B.  83

 Blair, W.  536

 Blanc, F.C.  430

 Blasco,  F.  84

 Blatter, C.L.  85

 Bledsoe, B.E.  190, 191

 Sleeker, P.  86

 Blooifield, C.  87, 361, 362, 540

 Blue, R.E.  295

 Bloienthal, J.L.   559

 Boast, C.R.  88

 Bochkarev, T.H.  89

 Bodenheiier,  0.  90

 Boersia, L.  442

 Bohn, H.L.  91, 734

 Boischot, P.   92,  283

 Bollag,  J.H.   93,  94

 Bolovina, ?.H.  76,  77

 Bolter,  E.  95

 Bolriken, B.   402

 Bondarenko, G.P.   96, 97

 Bondietti, E.A.  98

Bonnean, S.  46

Booth, B.S.  45

 Borak, T.B.  9^

 Borgioli, A.   648

 Borlan,  Z.  35

Borneff, J.  100

 Bornett, J.  101

-------
 Bothbol, J.H.  579

 Bonrnigall, E.  459

 Boarodiios, E.L.  187

 Boash. G.H.  065

 Bovard, P.  102

 Boven, H.J.H.  103, 104

 Bover, D.L.  407

 Brady. D.  105

 Brandakov, V.P.  106

 Branion, R.fl.B.  721

 Breeze, V.6.  107

 Breland, H.L.  216

 Breiner, H.  108

 Briceno, J.I.  109

 Brinckian, P.E.  536

 Brink, V.C.  218

 Broadbent, P.E.  110, 111, 433,
   599, 601

 Brogan, J.C.  112

 Bronsact, H.  113

 Brover. D.L.  408, 409

 Brovn, A.L.  114, 115, 116

 Brown, H.J.  117

 Brown, N.R.  126

 Buatois, J.  421

 Buchanan, G.A.   296

 Buchauer, H.J.   118

 Buketov, E.A.   119

 Bunzl, K.   120

 Burau, R.G.  197,  198

 Burger,  R.D.   187,  188,  581

 BurilkoT,  T.   121,  122

 Burkitt,  A.  123

 Barton,  L.K.  60

 Butherus,  D.  95

 Byrne, J.E.   112

 Calvin,  B.  460

 Cacfagno,  D.  124

 Carlisle, V.B.  607

 Carlson, A. B.  372

 Carolus, R.L.  125

 Carter, D.L.  117

 Carter, H.E.  126

Carter, R.L.  127

Carvajal, J.F.  109
 Cary, E.E.  128, 129, 250

 Castro, C.B.  67, 130

 Chaberek, S.  131

 Chaker, 1.  614

 Chakravarti, S.K.  162

 Chandra, S.  417

 Chang, S.It.  549

 Chase, G.B.  183

 Chawala, E.P.   132

 Chen, R.  95

 Chesters, G.  713

 Childress, J.D.   615

 Chinn, S.B.F.   629

 ChisholB, D.  133,  134

 Chopra, S.L.  132,  135

 Chough, U.S.  269

 Chrenekova,  B.   136,  306

 Chreshire, B.V.   156

 Chuah, H.H.  337, 338

 Chubar, I.A.  697

 Charkin, V.N.   106

 Cigliotti, G.H.   150

 Clark, A.I.  137

 Clark, C.S.  74

 Clarkson,  T.S.  255

 Cline, J.p.  777

 Coello,  i.F.   367

 Cohan, T.L.  652

 Colwell,  R.P.  536

 Cooper,  J.S.   328

 Copenhaver,  E.D.  138

 Cordukes,  R.E  450

 Corrin,  H.L.   194

 Cosby,  H.L.  190, 191

 Costescu,  L.H.  139,  140

 Cottenie,  A.   141, 142,  528, 740

 Cotilson, C.B.  143,  144

Conrpron,  C.   145

Cox, D.P.  146

Crafts,  A.S.  618

Crawford,  D.V.   474,  475

Crocker, H.  663

Croessnann,  G.   147

Crosby,  J.l.  148

Cross, C.B.  759
 Crowdy, S.B.  708

 Cuiont, G.   149

 Curry,  B.C.  150

 D'Croz, J.   724

 D'ltri, F. H.  151

 Dagley, S.   372

 Dal  Porto,  D.F.  559

 Daniel, J.i.  152

 Danielson,  L.L.  153

 Das  Kanungo, J.L.  162

 Das,  B.  135

 Das,  H.A.   228

 Das,  H.  135

 David,  D.J.   774

 Davies, B.E. 21, 154, 155

 Davies, B.I. 143,  144,  156,  257

 Davydov,  ».D.   476,  477,  478

 Davson, J.E. 157

 Day,  B.E.   158

 De Leval, J.  159,  160

 De Lint,  H.H.   705

 De Segueira,  E.H.   161

 De Vries. H.P.  717,  718

 De, S.K.  162,  416,  417

 Deak, Z.  309

 Dean, R.B.   163

 DeGroot,  A.J.   164

 DeHaan,  F.A.  797

 Delas,  J.   165, 166,  167

 Delavault, R.E.   758,  759, 760

 Deli, J.  168,  169

 Delias,  A-B.  568

 Deionty, J.   159, 160

 Deioranville, I.E.   172

 DeHuibrui, L.E.   170,  171

 Deubert, IC.H.   172

 Deuel,  L.E.   173

 Deutsch, H.   174

 Devel,  L.E.  175

DeVore, G.H.  176

Dibbseva, A.V.  106

 Dickens, H.   177

Djuric, D.   178,  366

Dnitriyev, T.A.    179

Dobrolyubskii, o,K.   180
                                                     118

-------
 Dolgova,  L.G.   181, 182

 Doolittle.  P.O.   23

 Dorn,  c.B.   183

 Doyle,  P.   218

 Drake,  C.H.   148

 Drefahl,  B.   387

 Drobnikova,  V.   184

 Dcoese, B.   185

 Drozdova, T.T.   186

 Dr acker,  H.   231

 Da  Plessis,  S.F.  187, 188

 Dueker, H.   6U6

 Duhaiel,  F.   60

 DnnavaT,  P.B.   45

 Duncan, D.».   189

 Dunlap, l.J.   190,  191

 Darni,  i.B.   192

 Dasic,  Z  212

 Duarsia,  E.K.  44

 Dvi»edi.  K.R.  655

 Dzyaian, T.D.  30

 Eachern, C.H.  82

 Eagle,  a.  605

 Eda, S.   193

 Eddings, J.L.  116

 Edvards, H.H.  194,  736,  737

 Ehian,  P.J.  195

 Bhrlich, H.L.  196

 Ekian,  P.  447

 El  Halfavi, H.   469

 Bl-Sayed, H.B.   197,  198

 El-slssy, L.  376

 Elenbogen, k.H.  384

 Elgabaly, H.H.   199

 Elgavhary, S.H.  200

 Ellseeva, B.A.   453

 Ellis, B.6.   201

 Ellis, J.B.   202

 B«ig, O.K.  203

 England, C.B.  204

 Enkec, P.B.   318

 Epstein, E.   205

EreieeY, i.D.  577

Eraanova, T.i.  683

Enolenko, M.F.  206
 Ernst,  ».   207

 Broshicheva,  H.L.   557

 Er»io,  B.   413

 Escobar,  I.  795

 Essington,  E.H.   208, 542

 Estepp,  B.   363

 Bstes,  G.O.  209

 Btzal,  J.B.  766

 Brans,  P.B.  776

 Swing,  B.B.  614

 Pabljanski, J.   185

 Pairian.  H.  99

 Fajnor,  V.   210, 461

 Farkasdi, G.   100,  101

 Pedoseeva,  G.E.   584

 Peige,  R.   211

 Feller,  L.   595

 Fenton,  fi.L.   148

 Flllp,  I.   719

 Fillpovlc,  Z.  212

 Fink, D.H.   213

 Finn, B.J.   449

 Flsenne, I.H.  214

 Flshbeln, L.   215

 Fiskell, J.G.A.  216

 PisyunoY, ».T.   217

 Fltchko, J.   317

 Flail, I.G.   215

 Fleilng, G.».  112

 Fletcher, K.V.   218,  760

 Fllppin, B.S.  682

 Follett, B.B.  219

 Fontanges, B.  421

 Fortlni, S.   220

 Frahl, J.  221

 Frank, B.  668

 Fraser, D.C.  222

 Prauenthal, H.I.  573

 Fredrlksson,  L.  772

Preiberga, G.T.  223

Frere, H.H.   224

 Priberg, L.   225, 443

Frlssel H.J.  582

Frlssel. H.J.  226. 227, 228, 583,
  606
 Frost,  D.V.   229

 Fry,  ».E.   230

 Pujlhara,  R.P.  231

 Fajlioto,  T.  232, 762

 Fakayaia,  T.  233, 234

 Pulkerson, R.   138,  235

 Puller,  R.H.  236

 Fungaroli, A.A.  237, 644

 Purnica, G.   238

 Fnrukava,  K.  239, 720

 Gadde, B.R.   240, 241

 Gal,  H.  535

 Galba, J.  242,  243, 244, 305, 306,
  585

 Galbraltb, J.B.  245

 Gale, H.L.  246

 Galindo, G.   796

 Gall, O.E.  343

 Galstyan,  A.S.  247

 Gaible, D.S.  419

 Ganje, T.J.  248. 561

 Ganzhara,  N.F.  353

 Garcia, J.L.  249

 Garland, T.R.  231

 Gaudin, C.  84,  327

 Geerlng, B.B.  250, 302

 Centner, H.A.  153

 Getzln, L.W.  251

 Ghanei, I.  376

 Glliour, J.T.  252

 Glssel-Hielsen,  G.   128

 Glssle-Mlelsen,  G.   80

Glathe, B.  100, 101

Gllnski, J.  253,  254

 Glashchenko, T.   258

Godt, K.J.  677

Godzlk, S.  263

Goeller, H.E.  235

Goh, K.H.  709

 Goldvatec, L.J.   255

GoloTleT, B.L.  670

GoloTleTa, L.I.   670

 Golver, A.  256

Goaah, A.B.  257

Goodian. G.T.  610
                                                     119

-------
 Gordienko, S.  258

 Goring. C.A.  259

 Gonlding, B.L.  260

 Goven, S.J.  525

 Govorenko, B.F.  261

 Grahai-Bryce, I.J.  156, 262

 Grahai, E.B.  137

 Gran by, 1.  102

 Grant, L.O.  19»

 Greszta. J.  263

 Grez. 8.  36

 Grigor'ev, H.A.  264

 Grille, B.  265

 Griiier, G.  266

 Groffo, G.I.  681

 Groiov, v.v.  684

 Groiova. E.A.   267, 593

 Gross, S.G.  268

 Groves, K.  269

 Gschvind, J.  576

 Guidiksen, P.H.  036

 Gullstrand, c.   733

 Gunner, H.B.  270

 Gun the i:, F.A.   731

 Gupta, O.c.  271,  272

 Gater, K.J.  680

 Haghiri,  F.   273

 Hahne, H.C.H.   27H,  275

 Rajek, B.F.   296

 Hall,  E.S.   276

 Halstead,  B.L.   449

 Haiaker,  J.H.   277,  679

 Haiaker,  J.W.   259,  278

 Raiby,  K.O.  436

 Hansen,  E.R.  638

 Hanzlik, J.  279

 Bardie, J.C.  246

 Hargrove, T.R.  280

 Harris, P.F.  685

 Rartian, L.H.   194

 Rartians, J.  291

 Hassan, R.H.  375,  376

 Hasselrot, T.B.  281, 282

Hassett, J.J.  346

Raaser, E.H.  55
 Bavkes.  R.E.   609

 Robert,  J.  92, 283

 Heiibrook, H.B.  284

 Heinisch, B.   285

 Helfferich, F.   286

 Heller,  L.  90

 Helveg,  A.  287, 288

 He*,  J.D.  192, 289, 290

 Helices,  o.J.   291

 Be.phill, D.D.   95. 292

 Heydeiann, k.   293

 Bibbard,  P.L.   294

 Hiis,  V.   730

 Rildebrand, E.E.  295

 Bildebrandt, ».   266

 Hiltbold, A.E.   177, 296,  340

 Hilton,  H.B.  297

 Biles, P.L.  298

 Hock,  t.K.  299

 Hodgson.  J.P.   300.  301.  302.  303,
  304, 440, 716

 Hoefner,  R.  636

 Bolasek,  I.  390

 Bolladay,  J.H.   55

 Holies,  P.L.  155

 Holiquist, K.l.   733

 Rolobrady, K.   136,  305,  306

 Boneysett, J.L.   717, 718

 Hoogendijk Deatsch,  S.V.   307

 Hoover, i.L.  480,  481

 Horak, 0.  308

 Borvath,  A.  309

 Borvath.  D.J.  310

 Boaghton,  F.D.   209

 Bovard, J.B.  311

 Bovard, P.i.  480,  481

 Hoyt, P.B.  312,  313

 Hnber, I.  308

 Hueck, R.J.  314

 Hnffian,  C., Jr.  488

 Buljev, D.  695

Bant, P.    315


 Hatchinson, T.C.   139,  140, 316,
  317

 Bratai, 0.0.  402

Ikata, R.  463
 Ilnitskf. »-P-  652

 IlyaletdinoT, l.B.  318

 Iiai, T.  399

 Iiainra, H.  787

 Iipens.  B.   319

 lire, B.A.   320, 321

 Inignez, H.J.  56

 Inoue,  K.  34

 lokhle'Son, S.B.  789

 Ishikawa, H.   385

 Ishiioto, H.   233

 Ito,  S.   464

 ITahno,  L.   258

 IranoT,  D.H.   558

 IversoD,  R.P.   536

 Ivai, I.  678,  679

 Ivaii, F.   99

 Ivashiia, K.   784

 Iyer. J.6.   322

 Jackson,  R.L.   170,  171,  483

 Jackson,  (I.P.   323

 Jacob, J.   266

 Jacobs,  L.H.   324

 Jain, B.K.  666

 Jaies, C.H.   325

 Jaiison,  ?.c.   326

 Jean jean, R.  84,  327

 Jenkins,  S.H.   328

 Jenne, E.A.   329,  330

 Jennett,  A.   246

 Jennings, A.B.   331

 Jenny, H.   199

 Jensen,  S.  332

 Jernelov, A.  332

 Johansson,  G.   333

John, U.K.  334, 335, 336, 337, 338

John, R.  339

Johnson, G.B.  737

Johnson,  L.B.   340

Johnstone,  D.L.   148

Jones, G.B.   341,  342

Jones. H.i.  343

Jones, L.H.P.   250

Joshi, M.S.  561

Jovandic, P.  344
                                                      120

-------
Jurinak, J.J.   115.  345,  346,  347,
  411

Kabata-Pendias,  A.   3i»8,  349.  350,


Kader, G.B.   16

Kaifer, R.   339

Kaliet, R.   730

(Canada, K.   496

Kanunnikova,  0.4.   352

Ran»ar, J.S.  600

Kacdos, l.T.  360

Karveta, S.   564

Kato,  B.  385

Katsuki, H.   531

Ratsusi, F.   701, 702,  703,  704

Kaufman, D.D.   746

KaaricheT, I.S.  353, 354

Kawabe, T.   233

Kawahara, I.  232

Kavazoe, A.   355

Kaye,  S.V.   45

Kazantzis, G.   356

Kearney, P.C.   357,  358,  359,  746.
  780, 781,  782

Keaton, C.H.  360

Kee, H.S.  361,  362

Reefer, R.P.  363

Keener, D.R.  321,  686, 687

Keith, J.R.   36U

Kelso, W.L.   87

Reaper, H.D.  200,  303

Render, w.J.  22

Kennedy, H.?.  690

Kereszteny,  B.  365

Kerin, D.  366

Kerin, P.  366

Khan,  n.A.   367

Khan, S.O.   368, 639

Khanna, S.S.  369

Khare, H.H.  186

Rharitonova, A.P.  370

Kheslna, A.T.  584, 652

Khoichak, B.I.  68

Khcistenko, 6.S.  625

Kick, H.  371

Kiekens, L.  142
Kilgore, ».«.   372

Kiiaca, K.  698

King, L.D.  373,  706

Kinniburgh, D.G.  374

Kishk, F.H.   375, 376

Rlellstcand,  A.H.  733

Kjellstroi, T.  225, 443

Klee, J.  676

Klein, D.H.   377

Klein, I.  387

Rleinheipel,  D.   378

Kloke, A.  379

Knezek, B.D.  201, 426

Knoll, K.C.   380

Rnoop, 8.E.   209

Knovles, C.O.   39, 40

Knox, J.R.  323

Kobayashi, J.   381, J82,  383

Kochacyan, A.G.   384

Kochi, T.  787

Kodaica, K.   385

Koellikec, J.R.   65

Kogan, I.L.   653

Koizuii, S.   703

Kokoto*, T.A.   386

Ropaeva, B.T.   12

Rorte, P.  387

Koshino, fl.   388

Koshino, S.   389

Kosoorotova,  F.P.  77

Kosorotora, P.P.  76

Kostnet, G.   390

Kothny, B.L.  391

Kozel, J.  392

Kozhaca, V.L.   393

Krenkel, P.A.   605

Krone, B.B.   472

Kroontje. ».  274, 275

Kcoatz, B.A.  116

KrapenikoT, I.A.  394

Krapinski, A.   254

Kabota. K.  233,  234

Kochia, V.R.  182

Kulebakin, T.6.   395

unlikoT, 8.?.   396, 397
Kunte, B.   100,  101

Kunanaliev, K.K.  697

Kurokava, T.  531

Kurtz, l.T.  398

Kusaka, S.  399

Kuzuhara, T.  784

Rvenvolden, K.O.  400

Laaaanen, A.  401

Lag, J.R.  402

Lagecwerff, J.V.  403, 404, 405,
  406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 714

Lai, S.H.  346, 411

Laitinen, H.A.   240, 241, 602

Lakanen, B.  412, 413

Lakin, H.  414

Lakin, B.R.  415

Lai, S.  416, 417

Laibert, S.B.  418

Lain, C.G.  527

Lang ford, C.B.   419

Langille, i.B.   451

Langiair, D.  420

Laptev, S.P.  395

Le Peintre, B.   555

Le Sal, P.  421

Le Tacon, P.  46

Leaf, A.L.  36

Learner, R.E.  579

Lee, G.P.  422

Lee, J.A.  423

Lee, J.!.  616

Lee, R.E.  424

Lee, 1.8.  629

Leendertse, J.J.  425

Leep, R.   426

Leeper. G.8.  427

Lefebvce, C.  428

Lehian, G.S.  429

Lehr, J.   83

Leighton, I.i.   430

Lepple, F.K.  431

Lester, P.  123

Letey, J.  550

Lewis, A.G.  432

Leuis. D.A.  143, 144
                                                    121

-------
 Lents, T.E.   433

 Leiden,  B.F.   434

 Lichtensteln,  E.P.   25

 Lieber,  H.   573

 Lifshits, G.H.   435

 Lightfoot,  E.».  79

 Lind,  B.  443

 Lindeken, C.L.   436

 Lindsay.  D-L.  200,  219,  303,  304,
   437, 438,  439, 440, 441,  545,
   546, 548

 Lindstroi,  F.T.  442

 Linn man,  L.   443

 Lisk,  D.J.   444

 Little,  P.   445

 Locascio, S.J.   216

 Lucas, R.E.   446

 Londblad, K.   447

 Londergardh,  P.H.  448

 Lnzanyi,  L.   321

 HacGregor,  J.B.  580

 Hackay,  D.C.   272

 BacLean,  A.J.  449,  450

 HacLean,  K.S.  451

 BacPhee,  A.H.  134

 (laeda, T.   678

 Baehlhop. R.   741

 Haes,  ».  50

 Hagnolia, L.R.   452

 Hahtab,  S.K.   482

 Hakarova, S.V.  453

 Makhonina, G.I.  745

 Bakhova, N.  457

 flaliszevska, ».  454

 flallick, 1C.A.  455

 Daly, V.  392

 Balyaga, D.   456, 457

 HaiyshoT, B.  458

 Bargulis, H.  459

 Harienfeld,  C.J.   292

Bartell,  A.E.  131,   460, 662

Martens,  D.C.  522

Hartin, B.H.  445

Martin, H.W.  624

Bartin, W.P.  627

Basar,  J.  210, 461
Bassey, H.F.   462

Hatsuda. K.   463, 464

Batstnara, F.  465

Hatsano, T.   466

Satthes, D.   467

Batthess, G.   256, 468

Batthey, G.   467

Baurer, J.  321

Baushart, B.   60

Bayandon, J.   469

Bayer, L.E.   24

Bayer, R.  470

Hazina, E.I.   71

BcCaull, J.   471

BcGaahey, P.B.  472

BcHenry, J.B.  473

BcKenzie, J.O.  342

BcKenzie, B. B.  711

BcLaren, B.C.  474, 475

BcHabb, J.F.   190, 191

Meadows, J.S.  436

BedvedeT, V. A.  476, 477, 478

BedzhiboTskaya, Z.E.  484

fleela, O.P.   479

Behta, B.V.   566

Belfi, A.J.   569

Belin, J.  614

flelsted, S.H.  398, 537

Belton, J.B.   480, 481, 482

flenzel, B.G.   483

Her en yak, G.V.  484

Besier, B.E.   49

Beyer, J.G.   485

Beyer, R.A.   486

Beyer, R.J.   213

BichailOTa, L.  121, 122

Bichna, L.   487

Biesch, A.T.  488

Biettinen,  J.K.  489

Bikhailo»a-Doche»a, L.  490

Bikhailova, A.I.   491

Biles, J.K.9.   492

flilhaud, G.   493

Billar, B.L.  230

Biller, H.H.  682
Billec,  B.H.   494,  495

Biller,  U.S.   252

Binagava,  B.   496

Hinaii,  K.   497

Bink, L.L.   498

Bisato,  T.   465

Bisra, S.G.  499, 500,  501,  502,
  503, 504,  505, 506, 507,  508

Bitchell,  B.L.  509, 510, 699

Biyaioto,  S.   628

Hizano,  H.   511, 698

Boavad.  A.B.   512

Bolcbanova,  I.V.  513

Bonk, B.   575

floraghan. J.I.  514

Borii, F.  382, 383

BOEishita, T.  515

Bocris,  B.D.   373, 706

Bocrison, J.L.  516

Borrison, S.fl.  284

Bortensen, J.L.  517

Bott, C.J.B.   518

Bozhai,  B.L.   519

Beak, E.B.  520

Hueller, E.  611

Bueller, B.T.  754

Bukherjee, S.K.  59

Balder,  E.G.   521

Holford, F.H.  522

Banshover, F.F.  523, 524

flaraioto, S.   382,  383

Burphy,  H.J.   525

Murphy,  B.S.   526

Nafady,  B.H.   527

Hair, C.K.  157

Hair, K.P.P.   528

Hakajiia, K.   529

Hakaiura, B.   232,  762

Hakaiura, T.   530

Hakano,  H.  531

Hakashiia, S.  382, 383

Halivkin, I.V.  532

Nalukova, V.O.  684

Hanba, T.  533

Hanbo, ».  533
                                                    122

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HainanD, K.  534

Nauiova, i.p.   684

Na»rot, J.  535

Nelson, D.J.   45

Nelson, J.D.   536

Nelson, J.L.   537

Nelson, R.E.   538,  539

Nesbitt, J.B.   526

Neujahr, H.T.   739

Neman, L.T.   138

Ng, S.K.  540

Nickless, G.   123

Nikitina, B.   457

Nilsson, K.O.   28,  443

Nisbet, I.C.T.  541

Nishita, H.  208, 542

Nissen, T.V.   543

Nordberg, 6.   225

Norvell. R.A.   302,  440,  441,  544,
  545, 546

Nosbers, B.  371

Nose, K.  547

Nyborg, H.  312, 313

Nye, P.B.  624

O'Connor, G.J.  548

O'Bara, 8,  549

Oddson, J.K.   550

Odo, C.T.  551

Qgava, T.  710

Ogari, B.  679

Oh, W.K.  552

Ohlcogge, i.J.  494, 495

Ohio«o, T.  553

Ohtani, B.  399

Oldhai. R.K.   554

OliTier, H.R.   555

Oliedo, J.  556

Olsen, S.R.   548

Orlo», D.S.   557

Orlo»a, L.P.   558

Ott, J.B.  111

Ottlnger, R.S.  559

ozerova, ».».   14

Page, ».L.  78, 248, 560. 561

Pakhotina, H.S.  562
 Palecka,  H.   563

 Paluch,  J.   564

 Pandey,  B.S.   500

 Panegue,  G.   556

 Parochetti,  J.v.   565

 Pashinkin, «.s 119

 Patel, C.A.   566

 Patterson, J.B.E.  567

 Pedro, G.  568, 569

 Peirano,  P.   795,  796

 Pel'tser,  ». S.  570

 Peny, J.   421

 Perhac,  R.H.   571

 Perkins,  H.F.  572

 PerlBatter,  N.B.   573

 Perry, J.J.   62

 Pesson,  P.   574

 Peterson,  B.   400

 Peterson,  B.B.  575

 Peterson,  J.B.  576

 Petrova.  N.I.  577

 Petranina, N.S.  578

 Phillips,  E.E.  183, 202

 Pierce,  ».P.   579

 Pierce, J.O.   183, 292

 Pietz, B.I.   580

 Pilevskaya,  K.B.   435

 Piientel,  D.   372

 Pinault, L.   493

 Pinta, H.  608

 Piotrovska,  H.  87, 351

 Piscator,  B.   225

 Plessis, S.F.  581

 Podyiov, B.P.  394

 Poelstra, P.   226, 227, 228, 582,
  583, 606

 Poglazo*a, B.N.  584

 Polacek, S.  585

 Pollock, G.E.  400

 Pollock, S.J.  586

 Ponder, F.   587

Popova, B.P.  386

Popova, T.P.  588

 Porter, L.K.  589

 Porter, P.E.  418
Posner, k.n.  66, 323

Pospisilova, V.  184

Presant, E.«.  590

Price, K.R.  591

Procter, J.  592

ProkhoroT, V.n.  593

Pur»es, D.  594

Pntnai, i.R.  125

Quentin, K.E.  595

Qaestel, J.H.  596, 597

Quirk, J.P.  66

Babinovitz, H.  598

Badecki, A.  185

Bahn, K.  339

Bainarine, i.  432

Bandhava, M.S.  479, 599, 600, 657

Bandhava, N.W.  601

Bao Gadde, B.  602

Bathburn, C.B.  603

Bautapa, J.  604

Beddy, B.S.  292

Beichle, D.E.  45

Beifenstein, H.   285

Beiiers, B.S.  605

Beiniger, P.  226,  227, 228, 606

Belter, B.B.  194

Benberga, L.  73

Beneau, B.B.  607

Blandey, C.  608

Riceian, D.S.  342

Richardson, P.».   609

Boberts, T.H.  610

Bobinson, i.E.  23

Bobinson, H.H.  297

Boesler, B.J.  611

Bohleder, K.  612

Bolfe, G.L.  613, 614

Boiney, E.R.  615

Bose, J.B.  682

Bosehart, B.G  616

Bosenfeld, I.  617

Bosenfels, B.S.   618

Boslyakov, R.a.   619

Rosopnlo, ».  676

Boss, B.G.  620
                                                     123

-------
Rotini, O.T.   621

Rontson, B.C.   622,  623

Rovinskii, F.r.  789

Rovell, D.L.   624

Rndin, V.D.  625

Ruiz, H.R.   125

Runnells, D.H.  626

Rust, H.B.   627

Ryan, J.  628

Saas, i.  102

Saha, J.G.   629

Said, H.B.   630

Saifci, S.  553

Saleei, Z.».   367

Sand, P.F.   631

Sansoni, B.  120

Santy, H.J.  559

Sapek, i.  632

Sargent, H. E.   633

Sarofii, A.F.   541

Sasaki, K.   531

Saachelli, V.   634

Sawyer, T.   668

Scalf, S.R.  190, 191

Schaip, M.   635

Schaccer, K.   636

Schaob, S.A.   680

Schieferstein,  R.E.  U18

Schiefnec, K.   309

Schneider, W.   256

Schnitzer, H.   637, 638. 639, 640,
  641, 642,  643

Schoenberger, B.J.  644

Schoettler, 0.  645

Scholefield, P.G.  596, 597

Schreiber, L.R.  299

Schroeder, B.C.  331

Schucht,  F.   646

Schver,  tl.  647

Sebastian!,  L.X.  648

Sedlet,  J.   99

Sekizava,  N.   389

Sequeira,  E.H.D.  649

Sequi,  P.   650

Sergeeva,  E.I.   789
Secne, R.J.  622

Servant, J.  651

Shabad, L.H.  652, 653, 651-

Shanker, H.  655

Shanks, C.H., Jr.  251

Shateiirov, S.K.  697

Shcherbak, H.P.  652

Shigeioto, H.  787

Shiiizu, H.  785

ShirokoT, V.V.  656

Shoakry, K.S.H.  673

Shakla, O.C.  657

Shnian, F.L.  690

Shuian, L.R.  658

Siddigi, I.  747, 748, 749

Siegel, O.  659

Sieis, P.L.  245

Sillanpaa, H.  660, 661

Sillen, L.G.  662

Si»er*an, P.».  663

Siaonetti, i.D.  648

Si»s, J.P.  78

Sinclair, J.B.   486

Singh, H.  37,  664

Singh. R.  665

Singh, S.  666

Singhal, J.P.  665

Sinha, U.K.  667

Sirons, G.J.  668

Sir, I.  669

Skinner, S.I.H.  640, 641, 642, 643

Skogerboe, R.K.  794

Skcyabin, G.K.   670

Slayton, S.H.  322

Siart, N.i.  671

Siierzchalski,  L.  185

Siirnov, G.i.  652, 672

Siith, R.J.  673

Snyder, E.B.  674

Snyder, K.  783

Snydec, U.S.  60

Soedergren, ».   675

Solodnikova, E.i.  791

Sosmer, G.  676

Soneneyer, K.  677
Sonoda,  T.   678,  679

Sorber,  C.I.   680

SoTeri,  J.   681

SpangleE, R.J.  682

Specht,  A.I.   406, 410

Spigarelli,  J.L.  682

Spiridenov,  F.H.  684

Spitsyn, V.  683, 684

Stan, S.  35

Stanislavskaya, T.K.  435

Stankoric, B.  212

Stack, H.B.  685

Steepens, D.R.  686, 687

Sieger,  H.P.  688

SteTens, L.J.  631

Stevenson, F.J.  369, 689

Stewart, O.K.R.  620

Stewart, P.L.  26

Stewart, D.E.  79

Stockard, D.  442

Stojanoric, B.J.   690

Stone, B.  450

Stones, T.  691,  692, 693, 694

Storhal, P.  695

Strizhova, G.P.  394

Stroehlein, J.L.   628

Struchteieyer, R.A.   205

Sundd, O.K.  696

Snrgai, V.T.  697

Suzuki, H.  553

Suzuki, S.  698

Suzuki, T.  239

svanberg, 0.  447

STirezhe», J.H.  31

SvishchaTa, V.I.   106

Svaine, D.J.  699

Sweeton, F.H.  98

Swift, R.S.  323

Swoboda, ».R.  173,  175, 482

Syers, J.K.  324, 374

Synder, E.B.  277

szalonek, I.  761

Tai, H.  631, 768

Takabatake, E.  15

Takakura, B.  700
                                                    124

-------
Takezava,  K.   704
Takiji.a.  T.   701>  702,  703,  704
Ta««es,  p. H.   705
Tan,  K.H.   706
Tana ha shi,  T.   707
Tanton,  T.R.   708
Tap.  R.  582
Tarantola,  H.H.   220
Tate, K.S.  709
Tatsukava,  R.   710
Taylor,  A.R.   714
Taylor,  H.H.   711
Thoias,  G.R.   213
Thomas,  J.R.   712
Thoiposon,  J.H.   278
Thompson,  S.O.  713
Thome,  D.R.   347
Thornton,  I.   775
Tiffin,  L.O.   714
Tiller,  K.G.   715, 716,  717,  718
Tinline, R.D.   629
TitlyanoTa, A. A.  745
Tivaki,  B.C.   501
Tivari,  B.C.   502, 503,  504,  505,
  506, 507, 508
Tjurjokanov, l.R. 31
Todorovic,  Z.  719
Toler, L.G.  586
Tonoiara. K.   239, 720
Tor«a, A.B.  721
Toth, S.J.  434
Tozana,  K.  722
Traynor, a.F.  426
Treiian, A. A.  723
Treiblay, J.J.  724
Tcierveiler, J.F.  304
Tao. T.C.   725, 726
Tsnro, S.  727
TsyplenkoT, T.P.  728
Tucker,  T.C.   734
Tollock. B.J.  729
Tapper,  ».H.   590
Tarbas,  E.   730
Turdokeev,  I.D.   697
Twata, I.  731
 Tyler,  S.   732,  733
 Odo,  E.J.   734
 Dgorets,  H.Z.   119
 Ulier,  D.D.  735
 Olrikson,  6.0.   138
 Diehara,  A.  530
 Orakaii,  T. Nishizaki,  H.   383
 Orbanyok,  ».P.   386
 Taid, U.K.   37
 Vaitkus,  D.R.  736,  737
 Tan Dec Klogt, H.  582, 583
 Tan taerhOTen, C.J.   337,  338
 Tandenabeele, ».J.   738
 Targa,  O.K.  739,  769
 Tasil'ev.  T.H.   654
 Tenkata Rao,  B.T.  48
 Terloos,  H.   740
 Terstraete,  I.   47
 TetroT,  E.B.  684
 Tetter,  H.   741
 Tiets,  F.G.   742
 Tilenskii,  T.D.  743
 Tlnogrado*,  K.f.  744
 VlasoT,  K.i.  491
 Tlasova, Z.G.  318
 Tolkova, H.T.  745
 Ton Bndt, D.R.   746
 lagner,  K.H.  747, 748,  749
 •akiioto, T.  710
 Balden, C.C.  189, 721
 •alker, K.C.  750
 lalker, «.H.  751
 •allace, ».  752, 753,  754
 Salsh, L.B.  686, 687
 •arocke, D.D.  755, 756
 Racnosz, J.  371
 •arren, G.F.  169, 565
tarren, H.T.  757, 758,  759, 760
 •acteresievicz,  H.  761
•asseohov, E.F.  635
 •atanabe, T.  762
MTSOI,  J.P.  763
•ebber,  J.  764.  765
Beaks, L.T.  550
lentink, G.H.  766
 Resolovski,  J.J.   339
 Hestendorf,  H.   124
 Restlake,  R.E.   731
 Hheatley,  B.H.  (Eds.)  60
 Hhite, i.H.  55
 »hite, ».H.  767
 Rhitefield,  P.H.   432
 «hittingha>, ».P.  25
 iieczorik, G.A.  129
 iiersia, G.B  768
 Bierssa, G.B.  631
 Hiese, B.T.  769
 Riklander, L.  29, 770, 771, 772
 Rildnng, R.E.  231, 623
 iilliaas,  C.  773, 774, 775
 Hilliais,  R.E.   245
 Rillianson, P.   776
 Rilson, D.O.  777
 Wilson, L.G.  429
 Rindoi, B.L.  778
 Rinkler, B.  285
 Rinneberger, J.H.  472
 Rizson, B.  95
 Rood, O.L.  738
 Rood, R.B.  322
 Roolson, E.i.  357, 358,  359, 779,
  780, 781, 782
 Ballstein, L.H.  783
 Taiada, I.  530
 Taiada, H.  720
 Yaiagata, N.  784
 Taiagata, T.  784
 Taiakava, H.  785
Taiaioto, T.  785
Yashin, I.H.  354
 Tasnda, T.  497
Tates, R.*.  786
Toneda, S.  787
Toshids,  R.  549
Toskiike, A.  TBS
 Tnnoki, B.  784-
Tashkan,  E.I.  789
Zablicki, Z. '790
ZhQkOTa,  T.A.  791
Zikibara, T.  399
                                                     125

-------
Zildahl, R.L.  792,  793,  79U
Ziiniak, Z.  185
Zanino, H.  795
Zuniono, H.  796
Zverun, P.J.  797
Zyryano»a, ft.R.  798
                                                   126

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                                               SECTION  III
                                              KEYWORD INDEX
ABATEBENT  235, 727

ABSORBTION  453

ABSORPTION  2, 7. 10, 72,  80,  84,
  91. 133, 223, 225, 273,  282,  327,
  337. 414, 471, 515, 587,  613,
  658, 725, 726, 762, 778

ABSORPTION SPECTRA   206

ACARICIDB  39

ACCUBULATION  180, 194,  225, 229,
  260, 299, 310, 317, 337,  338,
  370, 414, 456, 523, 583,  614,
  620, 732, 736, 737, 773

ACETIC ACID  15, 190, 348

ACID BATH  203

ACID MINE DRAINAGE   235, 275,  462,
  576, 602

ACID MINE RUNOFF  241

ACID SOIL  312, 313

ACIDITY  376

ACTINOHYCETE  534

ACTIVATED CATIONITE  354

ACTIVATED SLUDGES  3

ACTIVATION ANALYSIS  45, 553

ACTIVE TRANSPORT  125

ADDITIVITY  3

ADHESION  201

ADHESIVES  559

ADJUVANTS  299

ADSORBENTS  262,  700

ADSORBTION  602
                     , 14, 34, 35,
                     , 169. 176,
                      201, 206,
                      240, 241,
                      278, 282.
                      321, 324,
                      350, 355,
                      398. 408,
                      «63, 464,
                      504. 506.
                      527, 539.
                      602. 605,
                      696, 715,
                      777, 785, 794
  213. 220. 22«, 238,
  256, 265, 275, 276,
  293. 298. 305, 311,
  326, 334, 342, 345,
  380, 391, 396, 397,
  109, 412, 417. 443,
  474, 487, 499. 501,
  508, 509. 513, 517,
  550, 581, 597. 600.
  609, 622, 630, 644,
  734, 738, 745. 749.
ADSORPTION ISOTBEHHS  306

AERATION  361, 540

AERIAL TBANSPOBT  541

IBBOBIC  87. 358, 359, 429, 782
                                       AEROSOLS  9, 339, 366, 680

                                       AGALLOL  309

                                       AGE  725

                                       AGE ESTIBATION  2

                                       AGGLOMERATE  391

                                       AGITATION  726

                                       AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS  262

                                       AGRICULTURAL BASTES  426, 539

                                       AGRICOLTORE  3, 6, 80, 195, 224,
                                         273, 280, 285, 311, 351, 404,
                                         489, 520, 634, 671, 788

                                       AGROCHENICALS  33

                                       AGRONOBT  20, 64

                                       AIR  1, 5, 6, 9, 19, 24, 76, 77,
                                         95, 104, 139, 140, 119, 153, 158,
                                         178, 183, 193, 194, 207, 225,
                                         235, 248, 263, 308, 316, 319,
                                         379, 381, 391, 393, 405, 431,
                                         445, 465, 468, 490, 493, 520,
                                         523, 524, 561, 562, 564, 577,
                                         594, 598, 610, 614, 635, 663,
                                         680, 681, 685, 710, 731, 735,
                                         737. 749, 761, 770, 771, 793

                                       AIR FLOE GASES  559

                                       AIR HOVEBEBT  153
AIRBORNE DOSTS  4

AIRBORNE BBTALS  379

ALCOHOL  15

ALDEHYDES  91

ALDRIR  788

ALFALFA  406, 523

ALGAE  391

ALGAI  172  , 246



ALGAL GROWTH  172

ALIPHATIC  709

ALKALI DISEASE  310

ALKALINE EABTH HETALS  374

ALKALINE SOILS  117, 502, 503 .  505



ALKALINITY  347

ALKANOIC ACID  93, 94



ALKYL ARSINE  358, 782

ALKYLHERCOBY  255

ALLIED INDUSTRIES  107

ALLOYS  560

ALLUVIAL SOIL  394, 785
ALLUVIUM  391

ALLYL ALUBINUB CARBIDE   534

ALPHA KETO BOTIBIC-ACID   531

ALOHIKOB  11, 140, 201,  206, 313,
  322, 324, 334, 336, 355, 357,
  357, 374, 403, 409, 462, 513,
  528, 559, 576, 638, 729, 779,
  780, 781

ALUNINUH CHLORIDES  408

ALOHI80M COMPLEXES  667

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDES  206, 305, 729

ALUBINOH OXIDE  306, 324, 354, 588,
  772

ALUBINOH SOLFATE  687

ALONINDB  16

ABALGAB  709

AHELIOBATION  656

AHERICIUN  591

ABERICIOB 241  436

ABIDE GROUPS  517

AHINES  190

ABINO ACIDS  400

ABITROLE  269

ABBONIATED SOPBRPHOSPHATE  216

AHHONIFICATION  287, 288, 783

AHBONIUH  491

ABBONIUH ACETATE  775

ABHONIOfl COMPOUNDS  719

ABBONIOB OIALATE  348

AMORPHOUS  265

AMPHOTERIC  90

ANAEROBIC  782

ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION  555

ANAEBOBIC REDUCTION  458

ANALYSIS  5,  7,  14, 183,  207, 235,
  240, 241,  385, 407, 413, 419,
  431, 443,  457, 595, 608, 644,
  685, 709,  724, 731, 762

ANALYTICAL METHODS  3, 225

ANDROPOGON  132

ANEBIA  310

ANIMALS  1,  5, 9, 81, 104, 183.
  195, 206,  225, 229, 235, 255.
  282, 292,  337, 387, 414, 415,
  431. 444.  448, 467, 493, 523.
  560, 591,  614, 621, 627, 685,
  741, 783

AN ION EFFECT  501

ANION EXCHANGE  199

ANIONS  128, 198, 202, 518
                                                     127

-------
 ANSA.H-138   195

 ANTHOPHYLLITE   122

 ANTIKNOCK COMPOUNDS   423

 ANTIKNOCK TETHAETHYL  L8AD  9

 ANTIMONY  49, 612

 ANTIHONY  121  331

 ANTIHONY  125  45, 612

 APATITE CALCITE 605

 APHIDS  221

 APO-LIPO  PROTEINS   390

 APPLE ORCHARDS   69, 620

 APPLE TREES  620

 APPLES  69, 235, 484. 515.  620

 AQDATIC BOFFERS 580

 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS   15,  216.  289,
   311, 332, 521, 560, 574,  675

 AQUATIC ORGANISMS   332,  493

 AQDEOOS LEAP EXTRACTS  220

 AQUEOUS HEDIA   289, 417,  626

 AQUIFERS  190,  276

 AROCHLOR  5U1,  543

 AROMATIC  AMINES 476

 AROHATIC  HTDROCARBONS  23,  100,
   584, 670

 AROHATIC  OXYACIDS   670

 ARSENATB  11, 57, 61, 84, 92,  232,
   242, 243, 244, 283, 284,  305,
   306, 327, 357, 358, 360,  501,
   504, 506, 515, 762, 772,  779,  781

 ARSENIC   11, 13, 22,  28,  36,  37,
   43, 49, 58, 61, 76. 77, 91,  133,
   134, 136, 140, 146,  173,  175,
   177, 192, 195, 206, 232,  243,
   244, 284, 296, 306,  324,  340,
   357, 358, 359, 360,  392,  395,
   401, 459, 480, 488,  492,  499,
   501, 504, 515, 516,  525,  555,
   559, 562, 590, 597,  603,  611,
   646, 685, 686, 687,  690,  705,
   712, 746, 772, 779,  780,  781,
   782, 783

 ARSENIC ACCUMULATION   780

ARSENIC ACID  57, 459

ARSENIC FIXATION  360, 618, 780

ARSENIC RESIDUES  492

ARSENIC TFIOXIDE  616

ARSENICAL SPRAT  RESIDUES  360

ARSENICS  618

ARSENITE  37,  84, 284, 499, 501,
  504.  506.  596, 597,  696,  772

ARSINE  173, 175, 357, 480, 782

ARTHROPODS  126
ARILBERCDRI  255

ASBESTOS  8, 121,  122,  236,  607,
  633

ASBESTOS INDUSTRIAL  EMISSIONS   490

ASCORBIC ACID  235,  432

ASR  21, 136,  154, 594, 789

ASPEN  745

ASPHALT PLANTS  377

ASPHALTS  377

ASSIMILATION   564, 591

ATHEROSCLEROSIS  310

ATMOSPHERE  77, 193, 255,  329,  391,
  431, 598, 749

ATBOSPHERIC FALLOUT  793

ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT   736

ATOMIC ABSORPTION  481, 572, 608,
  787

ATOBIC ABSORPTION
  SPECTROPBOTOHETRT  21,  28, 43,
  95, 140, 154, 225, 281,  317,  338,
  377, 405, 445, 523,  545, 582,
  732, 738

ATOBIZATIOI  608

ATRAZINE  217, 570,  668

ATTAPDLGITE  535

ATTENUATION  236

AUTOCLAVING  630

AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS   194, 308,
  468, 567, 614, 736,  738, 770,
  771, 792, 794

AUTOMOBILES  367

AUTORADIOGRAPHT  84

AVAILABILITY  4, 48, 82,  206, 219,
  235. 338, 366, 437.  440. 447,
  462, 464, 494, 523,  527, 535,
  580, 594, 666, 667,  717, 742,
  775, 782, 792

ATA I LABILITY PREDICTION  717

AVENA-SATIVA  336

AZA  786

BACTERIA  231, 239,  489,  536, 652,
  680, 682, 690, 739

BACTERIAL LEACHING   189

BADGER  523

BAP  584, 635

BARIUM  111,  120, 206,  206,  254,
  509

BARLEY  80, 257, 523,  629. 728,
  749, 761

BATTERIES  337

BEANS  72, 134, 195, 594.  673,  754,
  792
BEER  783

BEIDELLITE   264

BENEFICIATION PLANTS   318

BENGAL FUNGUS  486

BENOHYL  221, 299

BENTGRASS  209,  252

BENTOBITE  169,  220,  347

BBNTONITB CLAY   197,  688

BENZ (i)PIREHE  584

BENZENE  23

BENZENE REXACHLORIDE   788

BENZIHIDAZOLECARBAHATE 221

BEMZO(A) PYRENE   584,  635, 652,  653,
  672

BENZOPYRENE  101, 584, 653

BENZOQDINONE  478

BERYLLIUM  49, 91, 264, 392,  509,
  615, 685

BERYLLIUM 7  99

BETA METHYL MALIC-ACID 531

BHC  132, 134, 465, 710,  788

BIBLIOGRAPHY  7, 10,  88,  138, 215,'
  398, 452, 575, 724

BICHLORIDE  663

BINDING  201, 323, 363, 419,  534,
  585, 632

BIOACCOHULATION  194

BIOASSAY  4, 139, 251, 779

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND 425

BIOCHEMICAL RESIDUES   23

BIOCIDES  130

BYCONVERSION  10, 148, 215,  245,
  256, 276, 420, 623

BIODEGRADABILITY  782

BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES   465

BIODEGRADATION   6, 182, 318,  372,
  690

BIODEHALOGENATION  67, 130

BIODETERIORATION  190

BIOGENIC  456

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY  4, 103,  196, 206.
  457, 757

BIOINDICATOBS  610

BIOINDICATOR  LEGUMES  310

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS  1

BIOLOGICAL FRACTIONATION   104

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION   735
                                                      128

-------
BIOLOGICAL HALF  LIFE  225, 255

BIOLOGICAL NETHYLATION  332

BIOLOGICAL BIKING   226

BIOLOGICAL SINKS  415

BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION  783

BIOLOGICAL TREATHENT  526

BIOSPHERE  9,  255,  393,  431,  574

BIOTA  391

BIOTITE  349

BIOTRANSFORSATION   152,  574

BIRCH  745

BIRD CHERRI  745

BIRDS  26, 255,  356,  516, 629

BISHOTH  49

BISHOTH 214  436

BITOHEH  23, 635

BLACK SHALES   415

BLACK SOILS  502,  503, 505, 507,
  696

BLACK-LISTED AREAS   281

BLIND STAGGERS   310

BLOOD  206, 225, 255,  281,  282

BLOOD BRAIH BARRIER   255

BLOOD CHEHISTRT  9

BLOOD LEVELS   255

BLOOD PLASMA   255

BLDEBERRT  22

BOD  644

BODY  337

BOG PEAT  732

BOG SOILS  206

BOGS  27, 172, 732

BONDING ENERGY   335

BONES  183, 225

BORDEAUX  484

BOROH  3, 28, 46, 365, 370, 509,
  522, 563, 594, 656,  665,  764,  791

BORON OXIDES  60

BORONS BOLTBDENOa  348

BOTAKY  752, 753

BBAIN  255

BRECCIA  619

BROAD LEAFED PLANTS   523

BROHUB  206,  339, 553, 690
 BRONIZERS   364

 BHYOPHTTES   423

 BDDS   663

 BUFFERING CAPACITY   756

 BUFFERS  580

 BOTBNES  130

 BOTYRIC  ACID   531

 BYPRODOCTS   591

 CABBAGES  139,  195,  594

 CACODYLIC ACID   195,  357,  358,  359,
  782
CADNIDH 3
95, 98,
190, 192
234, 235
316, 317
371, 377
394, 397
407, 408
471, 488
523, 524
604, 610
701, 702
774, 784
. 4,
118,
. 193
, 263
, 334
, 379
, 399
, 410
, 496
, 530
, 619
, 703
28, 42, 49
138, 147,
. 207, 225
, 274, 290
, 337, 338
, 381, 382
, 403, 404
, 429, 443
, 497, 498
, 560, 571
, 678, 685
, 704, 747
, 63,
154,
. 233
, 310
, 355
, 383
, 405
, 445
, 511
, 573
, 700
, 760
91
183
r
t
i
9
t
1
t
1
t
t
CADHIOR  ADSORPTION   335

CADHIOB  CARBONATE   235

CADHIDR  CHOLOBIDE   338

CADHIOB  EHISSIONS   235

CADHIOR  OXIDE   235

CADHIOH  PRODUCTION   604

CADHIOH  SDLFIDE 235,  496

CADBIOB  109  225

CADHIUR  115  745

CAGED FISH EXPOSORE  281

CALCAREOUS LOAH 690

CALCAREOUS SAND 341

CALCAREOUS SOILS  4, 92,  376,  734



CALCITE  345

CALCIDR  16, 46, 53, 109,  110,  111,
  135, 197, 206, 225,  283,  357,
  377, 392, 397, 409,  430,  441,
  455, 502, 506, 527,  552,  586,
  592, 638, 640, 688,  696,  702,
  713, 779, 780, 781

CALCIOB  ARSEHATE  22

CALCIOH  CARBONATE   346, 664, 665,
  666

CALCIOH  CHLORIDES   408

CALCIOB  OXIDES  273

CALCIOB  45  45, 99,  396

CAL6ARELLIS SOIL  754

CALOCLOH  252
CANCER  101,  154

CARBANATES  465

CARBON  62, 132, 206, 249,  268,
  354, 355, 417, 552, 782

CARBON DIOXIDE  62, 67,  231,  491,
  646

CARBON DIOXIDE LIBERATION   287

CARBON MONOXIDE  62, 91

CARBON 14  62, 357, 782

CARBONATE  785

CARBONATES  75, 330, 503, 619

CARBONATES ION  785

CARBOIYL  354, 643

CARBOIYL GROUPS  517

CARBOXYL RETENTION  110

CARCINOGENS   19, 235, 635,  652,
  654, 672, 748

CARROTS  195, 320, 366

CATECHIH  257

CATION  302,  368, 713, 756

CATION EFFECT  501

CATION EXCHANGE  110, 111,  199,
  206, 312, 346, 557, 766,  792

CATION EXCHANGE RICRONUTRIBNTS  665

CATION SATURATION  220

CATIONS  57,  135, 162, 210, 211,
  346, 411, 419, 440, 508,  558, 715



CATIONS EXCHANGE  756

CATTLE  183,  206, 319, 523, 747

CELLS  61

CELLULOSE  594

CEHE«TS  559

CENTIPEDES  126

CENTRIFUGATION  84

CEREALS  3, 80, 206, 373, 629

CEREBRAL PALSY  255

CEREFAN  320

CEREZAH  321

CEHIOH  89, 397

CERIUH 141  331

CEBIOH 144  45, 89, 513, 542, 553,
  745

CESIOB  206,  208, 385. 397, 453,
  612, 683

CBSIOS 134  238

CESIOH 137  44, 45, 60,  396,  436,
                                                      129

-------
CBSIOH  137   542,  553.  612.  677

CHALCOPYRITE  619

CHBLATES  4,  102.  111,  165,  190,
  220,  238,  257,  267.  330,  440.
  441,  460,  464,  494.  495.  512,
  533,  544,  545,  546.  708,  753,  754

CHELATIHG   200,  463

CHELATION   190,  208,  298,  330, 331,
  350,  396,  397,  517,  539,  542,
  591,  745

CHESICAL ANALYSIS  10,  45,  107,  398

CHEBICAL ASHING   625

CHEBICAL EQDTLIBRIUB   440

CHEBICAL INDUSTRIES   107

CHEMICAL ISOT8ERH  717

CHEHICAL WASTE  107

CHEHISORPTIOS 206

CHEBISTBI   157,  235,  300,  301, 446,
  537,  742

CHERNOZEB   12, 35, 184, 394,  396.
  458,  477,  558

CHICK-PEA   217

CHICKBHS  516

CHIHNEYS  76, 567,  61]
 CBLOPBEN   675

 CHLOB-ALKALI PL A UTS   281

 CHLORATE   61,  285

 CHLORAZINE 217

 CHLORDANE   134,  586

 CHLORFENVINPHOS  288

 CHLORIDE   755

 CHLORIDES   274,  275,  408,  409,  559,
  605

 CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC ACID  93,  94

 CHLORINATED RYDBOCARBOKS   215,  465,
  731

 CHLORINE   91,  93, 94, 206,  453,  559

 CHLORIDE ISOBERS  67

 CHLOROALLYL ALCOHOL   67

 CHLORONEB  486, 769

CHLOROPHYLL  127

CHLOROSIS  310, 338,  462,  523

CHLORTHIABID   287



CHHOtlATE   107 , 3

CHROHATOGRAPHY  110,  206,  225,  390,
  469,  531, 606, 746
CHROBIOB   3, 7, 28.  41,  49,  59,
  107,  174,  190,  206,  231, 310,
  317,  371,  377,  392.  509, 529,
  540,  573,  592,  594,  608, 625,
  647,  685,  691,  698,  765, 766

CHROBIOB 31  331

CHBOBIOB 51  2, 473, 719

CHROBIOBS  763

CHRONIC BRONCBITIS   337

CHRONIOB 51  99

CIGARETTES   225,  235

CINNABAR   255, 697

CIPC  565

CIRCULATION  255, 574

CITHIC-iCID  247

CLARKE  VALUE  206

CLAY  11,  90, 92, 114, 165,  170,
  177,  197,  198,  199,  201, 202,
  206.  213,  219,  220,  240, 241,
  271,  275,  283,  293,  309, 311,
  324,  330,  363,  375,  376, 386,
  391,  432,  450,  469,  483, 535,
  537,  559,  566,  581,  605, 607,
  630,  658,  688,  696,  698, 715,
  728,  766

CLAY CON TENT  169

CLAY LOAB  668, 696. 781

CLAY HINERALS  188,  293,  375

CLAY SESQOIOXIDES  37

CLAY SUSPENSIONS  658

CLAYS   127

CLOSED  SOIL  SYSTEH   173

CLOVER  80,  340,  717

CLOVES  594

COAGULATION  52

COAL  76,  235, 415,  431,  476, 491

COAL PORDER  355

COAL-FIRED POKER  PLANTS   685

COASTAL PLAINS  572

COBALT  3, 28, 49, 59, 62, 86, 87,
  139,  140,  154,  164,  192, 196,
  206, 212,  223,  231,  254, 265,
  310, 317,  330,  342,  348, 349,
  350, 352,  370,  377,  392, 397,
  412, 497,  509,  540,  549, 558,
  571, 600,  638,  640,  656, 660,
  665, 715, 716,  754,  760, 791

COBALT 60  44, 45, 99, 282,  396,
  719

COD  644

COFFEE  109

COKE BYPRODUCT INDUSTRY   577

COLIPORB BACTERIA  425
COLLEBBOLAI   134

COLLOIDS   34,  127,  171,  206

COLOR  281

COLOR CHANGE   179

COLORIHETRY   4, 28,  43,  338

COLOBN CHBOBATOGBAPHY  251

COBBOSTION  24, 453, 468

COSBOSTION PROGRESS  468

COHPLEIANTS   795

COBPLEXES  108, 157, 192.  198,  303,
  369, 433, 509, 523,  599,  662

COBPLEZES COAGOLATION  517

COBPLEZIIG AGENTS  605

COBPOST  101,  310. 499, 501,  506,
  594, 703, 748

COBPDTER SIBOLATION  425, 523

CONCENTRATION  4, 14, 21, 43, 137,
  147, 178, 195, 202, 206,  215,
  225, 235, 263, 281, 330,  338,
  394, 429, 445, 448, 449,  456,
  498, 523, 539, 610, 614.  629,
  705, 782, 794

CONCENTRATION  FACTOR  206,  523

CONDOCTIVITY   140, 281

CONGENITAL DEFECTS   255

COHSDBPTIOS  88, 149

CONTABINATION  118,  336, 337, 553,
  629
CONVERSION 720
COPEPODS 432
COPPER 3, 4, 17, 21,
35, 42, 43, 46, 48,
63, 68, 73, 78, 86,
28, 30, 32,
49, 53, 56,
87, 90, 91,
95, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 115,
118,
154,
167,
187,
198,
219,
253,
279,
317,
349,
375,
401,
429,
453,
483,
505,
519,
549,
585,
619,
645,
665,
723,
760,
791,
125,
156,
170,
188,
202,
222,
254,
291,
326,
350,
376,
403,
432,
456,
484,
507,
527,
558,
594,
621,
646,
666,
728,
764,
798
133,
157,
171,
189,
206,
223,
265,
293,
330,
352,
377,
407,
435,
458,
491,
508,
528,
562,
600,
626,
655,
679,
740,
765,

139.
164.
172,
193.
209,
231,
268,
304,
338,
365,
384,
416,
446,
462,
497,
509,
530,
563,
608,
632,
656,
688,
741,
766,

140,
165,
183,
196,
212,
235,
271,
310,
341,
370,
394,
417,
447,
474,
502,
513,
545,
571,
609,
638,
660,
693,
754,
767,

145,
166,
185,
197,
216.
246,
272.
314,
348,
373,
395,
428,
451,
475,
503,
515,
546,
581,
610,
641,
664,
713,
758,
790,

COPPER EXCHANGE  375
                                                                             COPPER NITRATE  570
                                                     130

-------
COPPER  SULFATE  172, 417, 484, 515

CORN  4.  11.  195. 217. 281. 363,
   »06.  486.  497. 523, 535. 572.
   658,  781,  792
CORRELATION  56, 45

COST  BEHEPIT ANALYSIS  9

COST/BEHEFIT &MALTS IS  18, 235

COTTOH   340. 687

COBS   553

CRABS  255

CRANBERRY BOGS  172

CRICKET  251

CRIT   235

CRITERIA   727

CRITICAL  SOIL VALUE  4

CROP  YIELDS   4,  687

CROPLAND   768

CROPS  3,  21. 82,  100, 107, 127,
   132,  133,  134,  180, 183, 185,
   207,  208.  273,  297. 311. 340,
   382.  399,  443.  051. 516, 583,
   614,  627,  635,  6a6. 671, 678.
   679,  687.  761.  764, 765, 788, 793

CROSTACEANS   45

CUCUMBERS   788

CULTIVATION   55,  656

CULTURES   25

COPROSAB   080

COBIDR  591

CYANAZINE   668

CYARAZINE  AMIDE  668

CYANIDE  60,  230,  236,  247, 526,
   647, 318

CYARIDE HASTE 526



CYCLES  104

CYCLING  20,  29, 105,  124,  261,
   300, 523

CYCLOALKAHONE  62

CYCLOHBZARE   62

CYCLOPARAFFIH  62

CYCLOPARAFFI1IIC HYDROCARBON  62

DALAPOR  786

DAZOHET  534

DBS  648

DCRA  269

DDE  675
 DDT   13,  25,  134.  205, 493, 523,
   541,  589,  675,  788

 DBCARBOIILATION  469

 DBCBLORINATIOR  547

 DECOMPOSITION  »0, 87, 164, 177,
   184,  211,  239,  258, 276. 285,
   297,  318.  362.  391, 466, 534,
   570.  625,  670,  673, 732

 DECONTAMINATION  262, 285, 559

 DEETHYLATION   668

 DEFECTIVE FILTERS   747

 DEFICIENCY  4, 103, 206,  225,  310

 DEFOLIANTS  687

 DEGRADATION   6, 15, 18, 18, 40, 54,
   62,  190, 191, 224, 230, 251, 262,
   270.  276,  323,  357, 372, 378,
   387.  420.  421,  465, 469. 477,
   478,  493,  536,  543. 644, 648,
   668,  675, 682.  709, 739, 741.
   746,  769, 782

 DEBALOGENATION  93, 94, 130

 DEHYDATION 461

 DEBYDROGENASE  247

 DEHYDBOGENATIOR  23, 534

 DEISOPROPYLATION   668

 DELIVERY  APPARATUS  480

 DELTA   164

 DBNITRIFICATION  249

 DENTAL  CARIES  310

 DEPOSAL  307

 DEPOSITS   238

 DEPTH VARIATIONS   95

 DESICCANTS 687

 DBSORPTION 162,  169, 240. 242,
   375,  558, 717,  756, 785

 DETERGENTS 190,  213, 310, 648

 DETERMINATION  36. 60,  453. 608,
  787,  789, 795, 796

 DIAHMOHIOH PHOSPHATES  216

 DIASTEREOBER  CBROMATOGRAPBY 400

 DIATOHITI  2

 DIATOMS  432

 DIAZISON   270

DIBROHIDES:ETHYLENX DIBROHID8   130

DICARBOZYLIC  ACIDS   670

DICHLOBENIL   125,  287

 DIELDRIN   25,  690,  788

DIETARY INTAKE  310

DIETHAIOLANINO-ACBTIC ACID  512
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE  PENTAACBTIC-
  ACID   53

DIFFERENTIAL THERHOGRAHS   713

DIFFUSION   45,  137,  200,  202, 227,
  303, 390, 436,  482,  548,  550,
  683, 755, 756

DIFFUSION MEASUREMENT   624

DIHETBYL ARSINIC  ACID   358,  359

DIMETHYL NITROSiHINE   47

DIMETHYL SDLFOXIDE   421

DIMETBYLASINE  47

DIMETHYLBBNZENES  670

DIMETHYLHBRCURY   582

DINOSEB  125

DIOHETRIC DETERMINATION   453

DIPBENABID  168,  169

DIPHENYLACETAMIDE   168

DISCHARGE  307

DISEASES  9, 154, 233

DISINFECTANT  453

DISINFECTANTS  321

DISODIOH  220

DISODIUM MBTHANBARSONATB  177

DISPERSION  487, 574,  744

DISPERSION ATHOSPERB   76

DISPLACEMENT  188, 346

DISPOSAL  163,  260, 315,  424,  426,
  554, 690

DISSIPATION  285

DISSOLUTION  96, 120

DISSOLVED OXYGEN  281, 425

DISSOLVED SOLID S  571

DISTRIBUTION  36, 106, 123,  176,
  212, 214, 219, 225,  252, 253.
  296. 337, 383, 385,  393, 488,
  491, 550, 556, 568,  571, 583,
  586, 590, 591, 633,  673, 698,
  699, 701, 723, 725,  743, 776

DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS  137

DITHIZON8  580

DIVALENT  587

DMA  47

DODECYL BENZENE SOLFOIATB 648

DOLOMITE  185,  345, 346

DOSE/RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP   255

DRAINAGE  241,  455. 509

DRAINAGE WATER  283

DREDGING  567
                                                     131

-------
 DREDGING SPOILS  281

 DRINKING BATER  225. 235. 255, 310,
   553,  633

 DRY FALLOUT  391

 DSHA  177

 DTPA  441

 DUMPING  467

 DUHPS  5»1

 DOST  761

 DOST FALL  140

 DOSTS  4, 42, 139, 110, 1»0, 183,
   225.  235, 445, 523

 DYSPFOSIOB  553

 EARTH BETALS  109

 EARTHHORHS  221

 ECONOBIC RESPONSE  4

 ECOSTSTEHS  9. 18, 297, 606, 614,
   732

 EDTi  200, 220, 376, 388, 389, 416,
   441.  463, 500. 512. 546. 719,
   754.  775, 790

 EELS  255

 EFFLUENT  10

 EFFLUENT: FERTILIZER  7

 EFTLUENTS  52, 65, 622, 626, 647

 EGGPLANT  762

 ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS  685

 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY  132

 ELECTRICAL EQOIPBENT  281

 ELECTROLYSIS  235

 ELECTRON ACCEPTORS  469

 ELECTROPHORESIS  225, 277, 390, 531

 ELECTROPLATING  235,  560

 ELECTROPLATING HASTES  766

 ELECTROSTATIC  PHECIPITATOHS   523

 ELEMENT  CYCLES  104

 ELLAGIATE   257

 ELH   299,  364,  445

 ELDVIATION   370

 EMISSIONS   207,  235,  560,  567,  646,
  747, 783

 EBPHYSEBA   235,  337

 ENDOSULFAN   493

 ENDRIN   788

ENERGY   62

ENRICHBENT   280,  455, 456
ENTROPIES   119

ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS  1

ENZYMATIC  REDUCTION   247

ENZTBES  64, 93,  94,  125,  181,  206,
  230, 235, 255.  523, 531

BPIDEHIOLOGT  122, 225

EPIPHYTIC  BOSS  610

EPTC   153

EQUATION   792

EQOILIBRIOB  58,  109, 391,  438,
  439, 440, 544

EQOILIBRIOB DETBOD   464

EROSION  224, 280, 473, 633,  649,
  726

EROSIONS:  HORTICULTURE 750

ESTUARIES  7, 107, 425, 567,  778

ETHANOL  IS

ETHER  453

ETHYLENE   130

ETHYLHERCORIC CHLORIDE 15

EUROPIDB   553

EVOLUTION  159, 231

EXCHANGE   408, 409,  422, 433

EXCHANGE CAPACITY  630, 766

EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA   718

EXCHANGE REACTION  170

EXCHANGE REACTIONS   422

EXCRETION  103, 255,  541

EXHAUST  194

EXHAUST GASES  194,  468

EXPERIMENTAL DUMPS   724

EXPLOSIVE  BATERIALS   724



EITRACTIBILITY  376  , 449

EXTRACTS   257

FACTORY  423

FALLOUT  44, 45,  160,  541,  610, 731

FALLOUT DEPOSITS  436,  553

FALLOR LAND  55

PARB SOILS  492

FARMYARD MANURE  271

FATE  11, 297, 363,  554, 591, 691,
  692, 693, 694

FATTY ACIDS  15

FAUNA  126, 134, 776
FDTA  708

FEATHERS   255

FECES   255,  282

FECES EXCRETION   225

FENITROTBION  126

FERBAB  134

FERNS   745

FERRI CYANIDE  179

FERRIC  GELS  569

FERRIC  HYDRATES   569

FERRIC  HYDROUS OXIDES   729

FERRIC  HYDROXIDE  240

FERRIC  HYDROXIDES  311

FERRIC  ION   189

FERRIC  METHANE  232

FERRIC  OXIDE  241,  265,  469

FERRIC  OXIDES  602

FERRIC  SULFATE  687

FERROOXIDARS  189

FERROUS HBTALS  276

FERRDALINOUS-HUHIC  PODZOL   166

FERTILITY  322

FERTILIZER   585

FERTILIZER PRODUCTION   443

FERTILIZERS  4, 100, 128, 141,  206,
  216,  224,  235,  262, 267,  310,
  310,  351,  373,  388, 458, 468,
  491,  500,  507,  516, 539, 545,
  594,  627,  707,  726. 730. 774. 790

FIBER   633

FIBER LENGTH  674

FIELD CULTURES  223

FILTRATION   65, 256, 429, 554,  623

FINE GRAVEL  429

FINE SANDS   216,  605

FISH  24,  41, 45, 225,  235,  255,
  281,  462,  493,  493, 553

FISSION  739

FISSION PRODUCTS  45, 102,  106,
  386,  542

FIXATION  92, 165,  226,  295,  326,
  330,  416,  447,  527, 530, 618

FLAVO PROTEIN  247

FLOODED SOILS  359

FLOODING  361, 399,  540

FLOODS  175

FLOODHATER   172
                                                      132

-------
FLOONDBR   255

FLOW   329,  331,  396, 411. 487

PLOW BATE   553

FLOE GASES   77

FLOIDIZED BED  559

FLUOBAPATITE  66

FLOORIDES   594,  685

FLUORINE  91, 206, 310,  310, 7»1

FLOOROSIS   310

FLUSHING  633

FLUX   «31

FLT ASH  522, 685

FODDER  566  , 761



FOLIAGE  434, 564, 620,  793

FOLIAR ABSORPTIOH  523

FOLIAR ADSORPTION  677,  792

FOLIAR APPLICATION  95,  445

FOLIAR DEPOSITION  235

FOOD CHAIN   207

IOOD CHAINS   45,  183,  215, 255,
  297, 356,  443,  523,  574

FOOD CORTABINATION  1

FOODS  9, 149, 225,  255.  319, 337,
  382, 465,  471,  493,  520, 560,
  594, 659

FORAGE  129,  311,  319, 747

FORBS  523

FOREST  45

FORESTS  46,  261,  364, 394,  470,
  614, 732

POBRALIR  534

IORRETANATE   39,  40

FOSSIL FUELS  24,  235

FOSSILS  2

FOONDBI SHORE  0,  611

FOX  523

PRACTIOBATION  176,  479,  5»1

FEES Hi AT BE  281. 560, 560

FREUNDLICH ISOTHERR  201,  442

FRUIT  620

FRUIT FLY  627

FROITS  484,  515

FUEL ADDITIVES   194

FUELS  24, 194.  415
 FOLVIC  ACID  96,  97,  111, 145,  353,
   419,  637, 638,  640, 6*1, 667

 POLVIC  ACIDS  206,  464

 FOHES   42,  235, 741

 FUNCTIONS  103

 FUNGI   38.  231. 299,  486, 739

 FUNGICIDES   47,  152.  166, 167,  209,
   232,  235, 252,  255, 322, 337,
   356,  465, 582,  629, 708, 769

 GALENA   95, 96, 619,  619

 GALLtUN  509

 GARE BIRDS   629

 GAHRA HCH  453

 GARHA SOURCES  436

 GAHHA SPECTRONETEBS   60

 GARBAGE COHPOST   100

 GARDEN  SOILS  154

 GAS ANALYSIS  194

 GAS CHBOHATOGBAPHY  23, 249,  251

 GAS-LIQUID  CHRORATOGBAPHY  251

 GASEOUS HASTES 436

 GASES   76.  77, 91,  256, 420,  554,
   724,  741

 GEL  206, 390, 531

 GENETIC CONDITIONS  587

 GEOCHERICAL ECOLOGY   578

 GEOCHERICAL HIGRATION  96

 GEOCHEBICAL PROSPECTING  325, 364

 GEOCHEHISTRY  1,  14,  44, 127, 235,
   311,  325,  326,  330, 393, 394,
   400,  414,  429,  435, 448, 456,
   568,  619,  744,  767

 GEOGRAPHIC  VARIATIONS  95, 192

 GEOLOGY  10, 256, 268,  380,  420,
   487,  608

 GEBHANIUH   206

GLACIAL OOTiASB   148

GLUCOSE  247

GLOTAHIC  ACIDS 353

GLUTAHIN ACID  90

GLYCINB 90

GOBY  41

GOBTHITE  265

GOITER  206, 310

GOLD  140

GOLD 198  473

GOLIATH TEBRITS  763
GOUT  206

GRAINS  225, 523, 629

G8ANDLAB PARIS GREEN  603

GBASSES  43, 155, 181,  209.  252.
  291, 310, 450, 523, 594, 610,
  676, 770, 778

GBASSHOPPEBS  523,  524

GRASSLAND  45

GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEH  549

GRASSLAND ECOSYSTERS  524

GRAVEL  429

GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING  736, 737

GREEHBODSE  534

GROUND LAYER  423

GROUND RATER  65, 99, 174, 190,
  191, 206, 237, 245, 290, 307,
  309, 311, 331, 468, 487, 498,
  539, 587, 595, 612, 724

GROUNDSATBR  276

GROHTR RATE  761

GROSTH STIHULATORS  206

GYPSDH  566

BAERATITE  265, 569

HALF-LIFE  541, 591, 705

HARTHOBN  445

HAY  254

HAZARDOUS CHEHICALS  215, 647

HAZABDOUS RATEBIALS  559

HEALTH  383, 752

HEAT INACTIVATION  247

HEATH ECOSISTEB  145, 733

HEAVY RETALS  3, 7, 19, 123, 147,
  161, 183, 193, 203, 207, 231,
  234, 236, 240, 245, 246, 274,
  276, 281, 310, 317, 328, 330,
  349, 355, 374, 382, 403, 404,
  427, 451, 523, 533, 559. 678.
  679, 701, 704, 714, 715, 732,
  765, 787

HEHATOCBITE VALUE  281

HEPTACHLOR  493

HERBAGE  21, 43, 594, 773

HERBICIDES  64, 168, 169, 215, 224,
  262, 273, 285, 287, 296, 340,
  359, 450, 465, 552, 627, 780

HEIADBCANE  670

HEZANB  269

HEXAVALENT CHBOHIUH  573

BIGHIAY PROXIHITY  235, 594, 737,
  738, 770, -771, 792

HIGHiAYS  248, 367, 561, 586, 794
                                                      133

-------
 HI GO SAN   321

 HILLSIDES  611

 HOHEOSTASIS  310

 BOBHORES   206

 BOBTICOLTOPE   158,  211

 HUHANS   9.  121,  122,  194,  206,  225,
  266, 292, 319,  337,  381,  387,
  390, 428, 493,  519,  520,  523,
  560, 577, 710,  735

 HOHiTE   120.  491,  605,  632

 HUHATE STABILITY   740

 HDBIC 632, 639,  713

 HOHIC iCID  258,  353,  464

 HOHIC ACIDS  54,  97,  98,  120, 145,
   156, 186, 206,  295,  323,  368,
  432, 557, 599,  601,  664.  667,
  695, 709

 HDHIFICATION   464

 HDHOSE   669

 BONUS 4, 16, 27,  87,  95,  143,  144,
   164, 166. 167,  206,  295,  309.
  334. 365, 391,  463,  552,  601,
  637, 706, 728,  740,  780

 HI BE IDS   658

 HYDROCARBON  91

 HYDBOCABBOHS   23,  100,  266, 266,
  308, 551, 584,  635,  652,  654

 RYDROCHEBICAL PBEOICTIHG  393

 HYDRODYNAMICS  422

 HYDROGEN   53, 135,  206, 502,  559

 HYDROGEN  CHLORIDE   559

 HYDROGEN  CHLORIDES  91

 HYDROGEH  FLOBIDE  91

 HYDROGEN  IONS 441, 502

 HYDROGEN  SDLFIDE  91

 HYDROGEOLOGY  279

 HYDROLOGY   45, 52,  190, 204,  238

 HYDROLYSIS  49, 297, 333, 453,  630

 HYDROLYTIC  BEHAVIOR  49

 HYDROHICA   728

 HYDROMOBPHIC  27

HYDROSPHERE   255, 431

HYDROUS PERRIC OXIDE  602

HYDROOS IRON  241

HYDROUS  BANGANESB OIIDES  602

HYDROXIDE  328

HYDROXIDES  49, 265, 330, 374,  619,
  639, 719

HYDROXY  GROUPS  517
BYDROXYAPATITB  66

HYDBOXYCUPBIC IOBS   483

BYDBOXTDIHETHYLARSIBB OXIDE  357

HYDHOIYL GBOOP  477, 643

HYDROXYL1TIOH  67

HYPERTENSION  235,  310, 337

HYPOCHLOROSIS  594

ICE  586

ILLITE  331, 349, 605

IHBOHO ELECTROPHOBESIS  390

IBPOUNDHENTS  52

INCINERATOR RESIDUES  10

INCINERATORS  559

INCUBATION  184

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS  160, 356,
  401, 426, 476, 493, 573, 626, 627

INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS  140, 377,
  562, 564, 741, 747

INDUSTRIAL HASTE  392, 647

INDUSTRIAL BASTES   52, 107, 268,
  426, 559, 567, 575, 584, 623,
  626, 627

INDUSTRY  6, 123, 140, 181, 182,
  185, 263, 270, 285, 317, 355,
  421, 465, 489, 560, 681, 727, 758

INFBABED SPECTBOSCOPY  23, 478, 713

INGESTION  235, 591

INHALATION  235, 255

INHIBITION  534

INLAND RATERIAYS  553

INSECT  126

INSECT BIOASSAY  251

INSECTICIDES  11, 13, 22, 25, 39,
  270, 288, 387, 465, 493, 675, 780

INSECTS  45, 221, 251, 763

INTAKE  225, 281

INTEGRATED SADELES  366

INTERACTIONS  45, 75, 128

IHTERABOHATIC BONOS  323

INTERFERENCES  225

IODINE  179, 196, 206. 310, 453

IODINE 131  45, 238, 553, 719

IOR AVAILABILITY  53

ION CHBOHATOGRAPHY  411

ION COBPLEIES  662

ION DIFFUSION  624

ION EXCHANGE  197,  206, 265, 286,
101 EXCHANGE   330,  380,  390,  463,
  464. 517, 539, 622,  623,  638.
  641, 664, 766, 787

ION TRANSPORT  346

IONIC RADII  306

IONIC SPECIES  439

IONIC STRENGTH  298, 638

IONIC THEORY   286,  419

IONS  61,  107, 330, 355,  398, 419,
  461, 501, 506, 509

IPC  565

IRIDIDH 114  331

IRON  11,  16,  35, 38,  53, 56, 75,
  87, 111, 125, 139, 140, 143,  154,
  164, 165, 167, 175,  190,  201,
  206, 209, 219, 263,  265,  310,
  324, 330, 338, 339,  355,  357,
  360, 374, 377, 396,  419,  429,
  430, 441. 462, 496,  513,  521,
  528, 540, 545, 546,  548,  549,
  555, 556, 559, 569,  571,  576,
  588, 602, 619, 626,  628,  638.
  641, 688. 729. 740,  754,  764,
  772, 779, 780, 781

IRON CHELATBS  512, 548

IRON CHLORIDES  626

IBON COMPLEXES  667

IRON DTPA  548

IBON EDDHA  548

IRON EDTA  512, 548

IRON HYDBOXIDES  206,  305,  729

IRON OBE   52

IRON OXIDES  306, 324, 330, 528,
  556

IRON SULFIDES  311

IBON 55  99

IRON 59  99, 238, 473, 719

IRRIGATION  192, 208,  322,  346,
  680. 726. 791

ISOHERS  477

ISOTHERR   197, 334

ISOTOPES   104

ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE  475, 718

ISOZYHBS   277

ITAI ITAI  DISEASE  225

ITAI-ITAI  DISEASE  235

KAOLIN  728

KAOLINITE  162, 188, 220

KBBATOSES  783

KIDNEYS  183,  225,  255", 523

KINETICS   286, 419
                                                      134

-------
LABELLED COMPOUNDS   553

UBILE FORMS  723

LACTUCA-SATIVA   336

LAGOOH  65

LAKE HATER  651

LAKELAND LOAMY SAND   781

LAKELAND SOIL  781

LAKES  281, 317, 541

LAND DISPOSAL  315,  424

LANDFILL STORAGE  88

LANDFILLS  10, 20U,  237,  256,  398,
  120, 430, 487, 5
-------
 BAIIBUB  ALLORABLB CONCENTRATION
   562

 BEADOH SOIL   111

 BEADOHS   111,  732

 BEASURBBENT  BETHODS   492

 BEATS  183,  523

 HENTAL RETARDATION  255

 BERCAPTA»S   91

 HERCAPTOTRIAZIIIE   530

 BERCOBIALS   239

 BERCURIC ACETATE   15

 BERCOBIC CHLORIDE  15, 255,  605,
   630

 BERCOROUS CHLORIDES   255

 BERCORT   3,  14,  15,  24,  26,  27, 28,
   29,  33, 31,  19, 85, 91,  149,  151,
   152. 190,  192,  206, 209,  228,
   231, 239,  252,  255, 274,  275,
   281. 289,  309,  317, 320,  321,
   325, 329,  332,  333, 339,  355,
   356, 377,  391,  U03. 404,  H31,
   "50, 457,  965,  466, 481,  489,
   493, 514,  530,  536. 553.  554,
   559, 577,  579,  582, 583,  605,
   606, 620,  629,  631. 663,  671,
   681, 682,  685.  695, 697,  720,
   735. 768.  778

 NERCORT  BICHLORIDE  663

 MERCURY  CHLORIDE   486, 570,  582

 BERCORT  DISCHARGES  281,  377

 HERCORT  POISONING  431

 BEBCDRT  RETENTION  629

 HEHCURY  203   553, 582

 BETABOLISB   62, 67,  225,  273,  288,
   358, 359,  406,  478, 531,  541,
   654, 668,  725,  739

 BETABOLITE   146,  668

 BETAL BINDING  98

 BETAL EXCHANGE 171

 BETAL PIHISHIHG   7

 BETAL FINISHIRG:  REGIONAL PLANNING
   647

 HETAL INDUSTRY  559

 BETAL IONS   419,  639, 688

 BETAL OXIDES   362

 HETALIOTHIONEIN   235

 BETALLIC CATIONS   368

 BETALLIC SULPIDES  415

 SETALLO-ENZTBES   75

 SETALLOTBTONEIN   225

METALLURGICAL  PLANTS  468, 646

BETALLDRGICAL BORKS   562
BETALLOBGT  235

BETALS  5, 104, 109,  147,  190,  191,
  211, 252, 258,  262.  351, 383,
  428, 433, 440,  444,  454, 460,
  515, 528. 530,  533,  539, 557,
  567, 575, 578,  601,  642, 643,
  644, 645, 649,  659,  662, 698,
  707, 733, 741.  747,  754, 759,
  760, 788

HBTEORITE  400

BETHAHOL  15

HETHIONINB  90

BETBOXY  769

BETHOXTETBYLBEHCUHY CHLORIDE   309

BBTHYL CELLOLOSE  71

BETBYL CHLORIDE   15

BBTHYL DICHLOROARSINE  357

HETHYL HYDROXIDE  453

BETHYLARSINE  146

BETHYLATE  769

BETHYLATIOS  255, 356

HETHYLBERCOBY  15, 228, 255, 281,
  332. 466, 582,  605,  682

RETHYLHBRCORY COHPODHDS  466

BICE  225, 235, 255, 652

HICROBES  146, 739

BICBOBIAL DEGRADATION  62

BICROBIOLOGY  160, 189, 196, 284,
  378, 454, 551,  554,  623, 627,
  720, 721

BICROFLOPA  64, 159, 160,  184, 421,
  484, 543, 584,  690

BICRONOTRIENTS  48, 201, 301,  302,
  304, 373, 404,  438,  440, 491,
  544, 545, 628,  632,  689, 730, 742

HICROORGANISBS  18, 18, 19, 47,
  152, 160, 181,  258,  318, 358,
  521, 551, 584,  584,  597, 648,
  670, 739, 769

BIDOCEANIC CHAIN  391

BIGRATION  4, 14, 16,  50,  89,  102,
  148, 226, 236,  245,  393, 394,
  429, 435, 448,  532,  619, 683,
  684, 697, 736,  737

BILK  183, 553

BILL EFFLUENTS  246

BILLS  292, 575,  747

BINE SBAFTS  420, 622, 751

BINE SPOILS  154, 462, 576

BINE TAILINGS  498

BINE HASTES  52,  498,  559

BINERAL FERTILIZER  100

BINBRAL SPRINGS   206
BINERALIZATION   453,  732

HINEEALS   14, 46,  66,  75, 78, 99.
  202, 275.  345, 375,  376, 386,
  469, 497,  568, 605,  609, 711, 757

BINES  154,  178, 246,  281, 292,
  428, 498,  688, 776

BINING  1,  10,  185, 245,  279, 364,
  575

BIHES  732

BITES  221

BIIED HASTES  623

HOBILITY   135,  206, 217,  235, 303,
  311, 388,  389, 455,  456, 458,
  509, 511,  523, 588,  591, 656,
  667, 728,  730

BOBILIZATION  54,  87,  113, 556

BODEL  5,  18, 31,  51,  88,  190,  224,
  226, 227,  309, 346,  419, 425,
  442, 487,  550, 606,  614, 622,
  736, 737,  784

BODEL AQUIFERS   191

HODEL ECOSYSTEH  606,  675

BODEL SOIL COLUMNS  143

BODELS  143

BOISTU8E   4, 399,  786

BOISTDHE CORRELATION   723

HOLECOLAR  SPECIES  439

BOLLUSKS   45

BOLYBDATE  61

BOLYBDEN UB  491

BOLYBDENOM   1, 28, 49, 61,  112,
  196, 206,  271, 272,  310, 341,
  365, 370,  412, 451,  456,  509,
  540, 563.  625, 626.  650,  656,
  685, 758.  760, 764,  775,  791

BOLYBDENOB BINING  1

BONITORING   45,  760

BONKEYS  255

BONOCARBOXYLIC AROBATIC  ACIDS  670

HONOOXETHYLABINO-DIACETIC ACID   512

BONOSODIDB HETHANEARSONATE  296

BONOSODIOB TARTRATE  220

BONTBORILLONITE  78, 85,  188, 199,
  206, 210,  264, 461,  535,  585,
  605, 729

BONTBONITE   729

HORNING GLORY   168

BOBPHOLOGY   428

BOSSES  4, 225,  610, 732

BOTHERROCK   56

BOUSE  652
                                                      136

-------
IWVEBENT   1.  5.  32,  33,  05. 51,
  169, 190,  208,  210,  22
-------
PBAVIRB  217

PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES   568

PELAGIC ORGANISMS   391

PELITIC  619

PENICILIN  486

PEPTIZATIOH   206

PEPTIZATION REACTIONS   517

PERCOL MODEL  622

PERCOLATION   10, 129, 648

FEBLITE  299

PERMEABILITY  10,  125,  148,  380,
  U87

PERMEATION  390

PEROIYACETIL  NITRATE  91

PERSISTENCE   25, 134, 153,  221,
  251, 285, 287, 288, 357,  378,
  387, 493. 5U1, 594, 610,  620,
  687, 731, 780, 782, 792

PESTICIDE  13«

PESTICIDES  19,  146.  158,  205,  215,
  224, 232, 255, 260, 273,  280,
  297, 321, 351, 355, 359,  372,
  387, 452, 468, 484, 489,  1493,
  515, 520, 534. 539, 550,  559,
  571, 583, 603, 627, 680,  687,
  690, 731, 750, 788

PETROLEUM  415.  U53. 551
PETROLEUM  ETHER   453
 PH  3,
  111.
  110,
  212,
  211,
  281,
  326,
  373,
  162,
  509,
  562,
  599,
  660.
  779,
U, 27, HO, 49,
127, 132, 135,
141, 165, 166,
216, 219, 220,
243, 219, 265,
285, 298, 305,
326, 330, 336,
107, 412, »17,
U82, 502, 503,
512, 522, 523,
566, 570, 576,
602, 605, 638,
666, 688, 715,
783, 792
57, 92, 96,
137, 139,
187, 206,
235, 238,
274, 275.
310, 311,
365, 366,
435, 441,
506, 507,
515, 552,
581, 593,
611, 655,
740. 775.
PHEASANT  26
PHENOL   181, 182, 257,  121,  177,
  U78, 709, 739, 769

PHENOLIC DEGRADATION  323

PHENOLIC HYDROCARBONS   476

PHENOLOXIDASE   181

PHENOLS  1U3, 144

PHENOIIDE  552

PHENOXYETHYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE   281

PHENTHIDHAB  453

PHENYL ETHER  552

PHENYL RADICALS  60

PHBNYLMERCURIC ACETATE  3U,  281,
  536
PHENYLHEBCOBY  255, 536

PHENYLHEBCURY ACETATE  620

PHORATE  251

PHOSPHATE  91

PHOSPHATES  57, 75, 127, 128,  1*6,
  185, 213, 221, 235, 276, 306,
  554, 702, 779

PHOSPBINE  297, 297

PHOSPHORIC ACID  91, 453

PHOSPHORUS  3, 4, 
-------
POULTRY   255,  516

POWER LIMES   291

POWER PLANTS   76. 77, 136, 392, 6B1

PRAIRIES  364

PRECIPITATION   52,  60,  96, 256,
  264, 330, 409,  521, 539, 586,
  612, 626

PBECIPITATION  WASHOUT  9

PREDOMINANT MINERAL  535

PRODUCTION RECOVERY  235

PROGRESS  REPORTS   752,  753

PROBETHIUH  208

PROMETHIUM 147   5*2

PROPANE   62

PROPAZINE  217

PROPIONIC ACID   15

PROSPECTING  l»,  325,  445, 456, 767

PROTEIN ORIA   234

SROTEINUHIA  225,  230

PROTON ACCELERATORS  99

PHOTONS   265

PULP HILLS  281

PYHIBIDINE  184

PTRITE  311, 619

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 157

QDARTZ  2, 349, 609

QUINONES  478

RACEBIC DOPA   469

RADIATION  
-------
 ROT BEN ID H 106  11, 15, 396, 542,
   553, 745

 BIB   80,  185, 373

 SAFETY  752

 SALINITY   158,  281,  394, 425, 750

 SALMON FBI  281

 SALT   593

 SALT  HUBSBBS  778

 SALT  SICKNESS  310

 SALTS  120, 220,  244, 388, 398,
   586. 697, 719

 SAHPIE HOMOGENIZATION  281

 SAMPLING   148,  245,  281, 431, 685

 SARD   73. 86, 216, 271,  299, 309,
   324, 334, 341,  360. 429, 450.
   548. 586, 605,  664, 683, 687,
   698, 779, 781,  785

 SAHDOSPHATES  326

 SANDS  429

 SAMDSa»SILT  429

 SAHDI CLAI  271

 SAHDY LOAM  134,  298, 507, 696, 779

 SASDY SOILS  11.  185, 206

 SAHITABY  CLEARAHCE ZOHES  562

 SANITARY  ENGINEERING  680

 SANITARY  LANDFILLS  237, 644

 SATURATION  211,  313, 346

 SCANDIUM  46  99,  473

 SCIDENS   235

 SEA   14,  24,  44,  275, 541

 SEA RATER  44,  281,  425,  432,  695,
   695

 SEALS  255

 SEASHORE   732

 SEASONAL  VARIATIONS   456,  458,  610,
   614

 SEDIHENTATION   391,  633,  778,  778

 SEDIHENTATION WASTES  52

 SEDIMENTS   13,  44, 192,  235,  240,
   241, 281, 311,  317,  330,  400,
   419, 422,  431,  519,  541,  553,
   579, 602, 605,  695

 SEED   453,  631

SEED DRESSING STATIONS   281

SEED DRESSINGS  309,  356

SEED GERMINATION   140

SEEDING  237

SEEDLINGS   299, 616
 SEEDS   321,  629

 SEEDS  DISINFECTANTS   453

 SEEPAGE  52,  487

 SELECTION 307

 SELBNATES 61,  81,  129

 SELENIFEBOOS  BLACK  SBALES  415

 SELENIFEHOOS  SOILS   415

 SELENITE   61, 81

 SELEMIDB   28. 49, 81,  117,  128.
  129,  140,  206,  218,  229,  250,
  310,  311,  339,  341,  415,  509,
  566,  595,  617,  685,  775,  783

 SELENIUM  OXIDES  80

 SELEIIOH  75   80,  282

 SELF-DIFFUSION  COEFFICIENTS  548

 SELINIDES 119

 SENSITIVE SPECIES   3

 SEQUESTERING  AGENTS   131

 SEBPENTINE  698

 SEBPEHTINE SOILS  161,  592,  649

 SEHPENTINITE  185

 SESQUIOXIDES  506,  588,  696

 SEWAGE  3, 6, 10, 47,  148,  213,
  281,  310,  328,  427.  429,  443,
  680,  691, 692,  693,  694,  765

 SEWAGE  DISPOSAL  680

 SEWAGE  EFFLUENTS  429

 SEWAGE  IRRIGATION  680

 SEWAGE  SLUDGE   4, 28,  100,  154,
  225,  235, 310,  328,  373,  567,
  576,  594, 706

 SHALE   23

 SHELLFISH  235, 255

 SRBOBS  523

 SILICA  185,   588, 605

SILICATES  75.  122, 170,  702, 715,
  716

 SILICIC ACID  715, 772

 SILICO-FEBRIC GELS  569

 SILICON   206, 569

SILKWORMS  381

 SILT  169, 238, 324, 334, 417, 586,
  779,  781

SILT LOAM  36,  417

SILTS   429

SILTSTONE  619

SILTY CLAY  324

SILTY CLAY LOAM  781
SILTY  LOAM   251

SILVER  140,  154,  231,  268, 317,
   377,  608,  611

SILVBB NITBATE  570

SILVEB 110   238

SIBAZIRE   125, 217

SIUOLATION MODEL   226

SKIN CAHCEB   652

SLAG   41, 610

SLIHICIDBS   255

SLOPES  611

SLODES  3

SLUDGE  6, 7,  371,  421.  489,  576,
  748,  765

SLUDGE  DISPOSAL  559

SLUDGE  TREATMENT   7  , 443



SLUBBIES  52,  238

SMECTITE  85

SMELTEB PLANTS  207

SHELTEBS  42,  95,  140,  178,  193,
  207,  225, 235, 292, 337,  366,
  382,  401, 407, 413, 445,  523,
  562,  610, 722, 783

SMOKE   76, 468, 611,  646,  750

SNOW  413, 586, 771

SNUFF   225

SOD PODZOLIC  SOILS  30

SODDY SOILRATION   394

SODIUM  16, 53, 57. 125,  135,  206,
  247,  339, 409,  430, 491,  549,
  552,  586, 688, 709

SODIOH  AHSENATE  597, 772,  781

SODIUM  ABSENITE  618, 687,  772

SODIUM CHLORATE  285

SODIUM CHLORIDES   408, 586

SODIOH COMPOUNDS   719

SODIUH  HYDBOGEN HBTHANEABSONATE
  746

SODIUH  PENTACHLOBOPHENOXIDE   552

SODIDH SELENITE  341

SODIUM  22  45, 99, 238

SOIL   16, 654, 681

SOIL ANALYSIS  1,  53

SOIL CHEHISTBY  539

SOIL COLLOIDS  206

SOIL COLUMN   143
                                                     140

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SOIL COLUMNS  111,  622

SOIL COMPOSITION   100, 600

SOIL CONTAMINATION   307

SOIL CONTAMINATION  ACT   307

SOIL ENRICHMENT   I'M

SOIL FAUHA  126,  776

SOIL FILTRATION   1429

SOIL MANTLE  472

SOIL MATRIX  U37

SOIL HOISTOPE  35,  73, 11)1,  288,
  399, U55, 570,  723, 755

SOIL NITROGEN  783

SOIL PROFILES  21U,  331

SOIL STERILIZATION   113

SOIL ZINC  717

SOIL-DERIVED OCEAN  POLLUTION   339

SOIL-FORMING PROCESSES   569

SOILS  2, 4, 5, 6,  9, 10,  11,  12,
  13, 14, 17, 18,  19, 21,  22,  24.
  25, 26, 27, 28,  30, 31,  32,  33,
  3«, 35, 36, 37,  38, 
-------
 SDLPITE  285

 SOLPONB  251

 SOLFOR  53, 75, 81,  91,  95,  134,
   110, 206, 263,  392, 559

 SOLFOR DIOXIDE  91,  140, 523,  562,
   646, 761

 SOLFOR OXIDES  193,  251, 559

 SOLFOR 35  719

 SOLFORIC ACID  91, 562,  628,  719

 SOLPBATE  245

 SOPEHPHOSPHATE  216, 3U1, 774

 SORFACE CHARGE  66

 SORFACE CONCENTRATIONS   442

 SORFACE CONTAMINATION  594

 SORFACE iATER  311

 SOHFACTANTS  213, 550

 SOSPENDED SOLIDS  148

 SBAYBACK  310

 SSORDFISH  255



 SYHPTOHOLOGY  206, 255,  780 , 235

 SYNTHETIC IROH  772

 TACOSITE HASTES  52

 TADZHIKISTAN SOILS  798

 TAILINGS  52,  215, 610

 TAILINGS BASIN  52

 TANKAGE  663

 TANNIN  354

 TAR   476

 TCPC   453

 TEA   1

 TELLORATE   61

 TELLORIDBS   119

 TELL OH IT E  61

 TBBAITE 763

 TERATOGBNS  225, 235

 TERRA  ROSSA  341

 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  124,  385,
  470,  524, 574, 591

 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEBS   45,.549

 TESTES  235

TETBAETHYL LEAD  319

TETRAMHIBB  197

TETRASODIOB EDTA   «53

TEXTILE INDUSTRY  7
 THALLIOfl  49, 210, 231,  461

 THALLION IONS  461

 THERMAL ATCHIZATION  608

 THERMAL ELECTRIC POUER STATIONS  76

 THERMODYNAMICS  286, 345

 THERHOGRAHS  713

 THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY  38, 251,
   709, 746

 THIOBACILLOS , 395

 THIRAM  47

 THIIOTROPY  206

 THYNINE  184

 TICKBNING  52

 TIDES  425

 TILLAGE  147

 TIN   49, 206, 371,  395, 509,  611

 TIRES  337

 TISSOE  80,  282,  710

 TISSOEHEATHER BODIFICATION  194

 TITANIOB  206,  509,  559,  619

 TITRATION 453

 THTD  453

 TOBACCO  225, 235,  687, 725

 TOLERANCE U28,  431,  780, 783

 TOMATOES  139,  140,  464

 TOPICAL COATING   793

 TOPOGRAPHIC  EFFECTS   366

 TOPSOIL  515

 TOHTOOSITY   755

 TOTAL   206

 TOXIC  HETALS  312,  313

 TRACE  ELEMENTS   1,  4, 20, 28,  56,
  86,  103, 113,  141,  142, 154,  164,
  176,  186,  192,  206, 223,  253,
  254,  261,  265,  300, 310,  339,
  348,  349,  361,  362, 370,  394,
  412,  429,  435,  437, 444,  454,
  455,  491,  494,  497, 509,  510,
  528,  532,  538,  539, 540,  544,
  549,  563,  567,  568, 594,  608,
  628,  632,  634.  660, 661,  665,
  689,  698,  699.  707, 711,  715,
  730,  740,  741,  764, 787,  788, 791

TRACB  BLEHTNS 104

TRACE  METALS  5,  236, 587

TRACER   331,  553, 570

TRACER  ACETIC ACID   190

TRACER  TECHNIQUES  473, 553,  718,
  719

TRAFFIC  367, 413, 794
 TRAFFIC AOTOHOBILE EBISSIONS   676

 TRAFFIC WASTE  58U

 TEANSFORBATION  47, 71, 284,  512,
   521,  569, 668,  670

 TRANSITION ELEMENTS  209

 TRANSITION METALS  374

 THANSLOCATION  95, 132, 168,  235,
   337,  405, 497,  523, 523, 620,
   762,  793

 TRANSPIRATION  391

 TRANSPORT  1, 31, 45, 52, 79,  99,
   138,  143, 194,  224, 224, 225,
   226,  227, 246,  260, 273, 311,
   329,  346, 411,  419, 442, 470,
   518,  532, 538,  539, 574, 591,
   606,  614, 651,  675. 684, 697,
   719,  736, 737,  762

 TRANSOHANIC ELEMENTS  591

 TREATMENT METHODS  647

 TREATKENT PLANT  7,  647

 TREES   95,  140, 277,  322,  364, 445,
   492,  523, 562,  613,  616, 620,
   767,  771

 THEBOLITE  122

 TRIAZINE   285,  530

 TRIAZOLE   269

 TRICHLORFON  570

 TRICHLOHOPHENOLATB   453

 TRIF LORALIN  125

 TRIMETHYLABINE  47

 TRITIATED iATEH  227,  763

 TRITIOB   45,  99,  227

 TROPHIC LEVELS  574

 TOBERS  525

 TONA  255

 TONGSTBN   231

 TONGSTEN  185  777

 TOBBOLBNCE  246

 TOBF PLANTS  209

TORFGRASS   252

 ONDEBGROOND  51,  751

 ONDERGROOND AQOIFERS   7,  10,  148,
  256, 276, 420

 ONDBRGROORD MOVEMENT   51
OPTAKE  4, 11, 21,  35,  81,  103,
  132, 225, 235, 252,  299,. 337,
  338, 366, 371, 399,  405,r443,
  445, 509, 523, 548,  553,-591,
  594, 598, 613, 620,  673,  687.
  702, 703, 717, 718,  778^  792,  793 , 605

DBACIL  184, 786
                                                        142

-------
         206,  785

OBANYL  785

URBAN  74, 225,  316,  465, 59«. 760

URBAN HOUSING   74

DREA  570, 630

ORIHE  178,  225,  233, 282, 577

UTILIZATION   149,  393

VACOUR FILTRATION   52

VALLEYS  611

VANADATB  61

VANADIOH  19.  196,  206,  254, 316,
  509, 5UO

VANADIOR 18   99

VANAOTL  61

VAPAH  53U

VAPOB  255,  663

VAPOR AERATION STSTEH  481

VAPOR LOSSES   565

VAPOR PRESSORE  235

VAPORIZATIOH   480,  559

VARIATIONS   80

VEGETABLES   3, 225,  U51.  523, 758,
  760

VEGETATION   118,  160, 178, 183,
  218, 292,  316,  319, 379, 391,
  407. 
-------
ZINC 65  35, U», »5, 238, 282, 396,
  5U2, 677, 719

ZIRCOHIOS  509

ZIRCONIUM 95  US, 396, 677

1,2-DIBEOHO-3-CHLOROPOBP»HE  130

2.3-DIBROBOBUTAHES  130

2.U-D  55, 552

5,6-DIHrDBOXt IHDOLE ED HELAHIM
  BEHTONITE  169
                                                      144

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/9-79-024a
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 MOVEMENT OF  HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL:
 A BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Volume 1.  Selected Metals	
                             5. REPORT DATE
                             August  1979  (Issuing Date)
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Emily D. Copenhaver and Benita K. Wilkinson
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Toxic Materials  Information Center
 Oak Ridge National  Laboratory
 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO (FY79-1 DC818)
                             ROAP aiBFO,  Task  002  1DB064
                             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                             Interagency Agreement
                             EPA-IAG-D4-F476
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Municipal  Environmental Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Cincinnati,  Ohio 45268
                             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             Final
                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                             EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 See also Volume  2.   Pesticides, EPA-600/9-79-024b
 Project Officer:   Mike H.  Roulier  (513) 684-7871
16. ABSTRACT
 This bibliography is intended for use  by personnel  concerned, either  via  research
 or management,  with the disposal of  hazardous wastes, other than sewage sludge,  on
 land.   It  is  the result of a search  of recent literature (1970 through 1974)  and
 includes information on the transport,  transformation, and soil retention of  arsenic,
 asbestos,  beryllium cadmium, chromium,  copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc,
 halogenated  hydrocarbons, pesticides,  and other hazardous substances.  About  half of
 the 2000 entries include an abstract.   To limit the size of the resulting publication,
 the literature  search focused on processes directly related to transport  (adsorption,
 ion exchange, etc.) and documentation  of the occurrence and extent  of transport while
 specifically  excluding topics such as  uptake and translocation by plants, theoretical
 modeling,  and effects on microorganisms and processes mediated by microorganisms.
 The bibliography has been divided into two volumes to facilitate its  use.  Volume 1
 contains all  the hazardous substances  studied except pesticides; Volume 2 contains
 the pesticide citations.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                           c. COSATI Field/Group
 hazardous Materials
 *Transport Properties
   Attenuation
   Disposal
Metals
Organic Compoun
Contaminants
Adsorption
   Pollutant Migration
Us Ion Exchange
  ^Bibliography Waste
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
                UNCLASSIFIED
                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                             151
                20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                            145
                                                                    * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979 -657-060/5442

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