v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Municipal Environmental Research EPA 600 9 79 024a-
Laboratory August 1979
Cincinnati OH 45268
Research and Development
Movement of
Hazardous
Substances in Soil
A Bibliography
Volume 1
Selected Metals
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are
1 Environmental Health Effects Research
2 Environmental Protection Technology
3 Ecological Research
4 Environmental Monitoring
5 Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6 Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8 "Special" Reports
9, Miscellaneous Reports
"! his document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/9-79-024a
August 1979
MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Volume 1. Selected Metals
by
Emily D. Copenhaver
Benita K. Wilkinson
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D4-F476
Project Officer
Mike H. Roulier
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agnecy, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use. s
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FOREWORD
The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health
and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natureal environment.
The complexity of that environment and the interplay between its components
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.
Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solu-
tion and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and searching
for solutions. The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops new
and improved technology and systems for the prevention, treatment, and man-
agement of wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges from
municipal and community sources, for the preservation and treatment of public
drinking water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social, health,
and aesthetic effects of pollution. This publication is one of the products
of that research; a most vital communications link between the researcher and
the user community.
The Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division contributes to these
program objectives by conducting research to promote improved solid waste
management. This report presents the results of a search of recent litera-
ture on transport, transformation, and retention in soil of selected
hazardous substances.
Francis T. Mayo, Director
Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
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ABSTRACT
This bibliography was prepared by the Toxic Materials Information
Center (TMIC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the Solid and Hazardous
Waste Research Division, EPA Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio. The bibliography is intended for use by personnel con-
cerned, either via research or management, with the disposal of hazardous
wastes, other than sewage sludge, on land. It is the result of a search of
recent literature (1970 through 1974) and includes information on the trans-
port, transformation, and soil retention of arsenic, asbestos, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc, halogen-
ated hydrocarbons, pesticides, and other hazardous substances. About half
of the 2000 entries include an abstract. In order to limit the size of the
resulting publication, the literature search focused on processes directly
related to transport (adsorption, ion exchange, etc.) and documentation of
the occurrence and extent of transport while specifically excluding topics
such as uptake and translocation by plants, modeling, and effects on micro-
organisms and processes mediated by microorganisms. The bibliography has
been divided into two volumes to facilitate its use; the pesticides cita-
tions have been placed in a separate volume.
In addition to the TMIC's own data files, the following sources were
searched: Soils and Fertilizers Abstracts (1972 - 1974 plus bibliographies
covering older material); Pollution Abstracts (1970 - 1974); Environment
Abstracts, formerly Environment Access (December, 1970 - 1974); Chemical
Abstracts and BioResearch Index (1970 - 1974); Nuclear Science Abstracts
(1972 - 1974); U.S. Government Reports (1973 - 1974); Health Effects of
Environmental Pollutants (1972 - 1974); Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract
Bulletin, now Pesticides Abstracts (1972 - 1974); and Industrial Wastes
Information Bulletin (1973 - 1974). These sources, combined with other
pertinent books, symposia, etc., should make this two-volume document rep-
resentative of current information on movement of hazardous substances in
soil. Format for all citations in this document is not uniform; this is
due, in part, to the merging of data bases without retyping citations. Each
citation is complete, though the order of presentation may differ. This
report was submitted in fulfillment of Interagency Agreement No. D4-F476 by
Oak Ridge National Laboratories under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. This report covers the period of April 25, 1974
to September 30, 1974.
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD iii
ABSTRACT iv
1. Abstracts 1
2. Author Index 117
3. Keyword Index 127
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SECTION I
ABSTRACTS
1-4
i
in Interdisciplinary Study of Transport and
Biological Effects of Nolybdentm in the
Environment
Interim Progress Report, June-Dec. 1971; PB-222
616; Monitoring Agency Bept No.
NSF-RA/E-72-005;Grant NSF-GI-3001M; Dec 71, 133
P.; 1971, December
BOLYBDENUB; ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS; AIR; WATER;
MINING; TRACE ELEMENTS; GEOCHEBI STBY; HATER
CHEMISTRY; STRESS PHYSIOLOGY; FOOD CONTAMINATION;
SOIL ANALYSIS; ANIMALS; MOLYBDENUM MIMING;
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; MOVEMENT; TRANSPORT
The purpose of the research effort is to examine
the release and transport of molybdenum and its
subsequent impact on nan and his environment.
This study has particular relevance to Denver and
the surrounding mountainous and agricultural
areas which are target areas for abnormally high
levels of molybdenum in streams draining the
mountainous area to the vest of Denver. The
study consists of an interdisciplinary effort
which involves: (1) determining the sources of
the molybdenum in surface waters, (2) determining
the rates and modes of transport, (3) determining
the targets, (tt) determining the biological
cycling, (5) developing analytical tools, (6)
examining the biological effects particularly
with regard to calcium transport and energy
transduction, (7) examining the potential
economic ramifications of the study, (8) studying
various aspects of the public perception of who
the public holds responsible and how willing the
public is to participate in the solution of a
possibly hazardous situation.
agricultural land. They assume chromium in
cationic form is not toxic (below 500 pp« in the
soil), and that chromates and dichromates do not
occur since they would be reduced by the organic
matter in the sewage. Thus, they worry chiefly
about copper, nickel and zinc and calculate a
•zinc equivalent'assuming (1) that copper is
twice as toxic as zinc and nickel 8 times as
toxic as zinc and (2) that the effects are
additive. Prom various experiments they conclude
it is possible to add zinc to the soil up to 250
ppm over a long period, say 30 years, and (since
there are 2 million pounds of top soil per acre)
this can be expressed as 500 pounds of zinc per
acre or 17 pounds/acre/year. For a given
analysis of the sludge the amount of dry sludge
which can be added per year (or less freguently)
can be calculated. There are some gualifications
if sludge has been applied previously, but if it
was applied more than three years ago, it is
likely any remaining metals in the soil are
unavailable. Analytical methods for determining
available metals are given. The extraction
procedure is critical. Where too much of the
toxic metals mentioned above have been applied,
the effects can be reduced by liming and also by
adding manure or peat. In some soils (sandy
soils) it may be necessary to lime frequently.
Boron in excess is toxic to some crops (potatoes,
vegetables, cereals) and should not be added in
the sludge at more than U pounds/acre (3
pounds/acre if sludge used the previous year); it
is leached out of the soil rapidly. Other toxic
metals (cobalt, cadmium, lead, mercury) may occur
occasionally in sewage. Even on grass (which is
the least sensitive crop) to which sewage has
been applied, it is advisable to wait till the
sewage has been washed off the grass by rain
before pasturing to avoid possible toxic hazards
to livestock. It should also be noted that any
toxicity problem that is allowed to develope will
last for several years.
Accumulation of chromium 51 by the Beach Diatom,
CHAETOCEROS ARBATUB
; Washington University, Laboratory of Radiation
Ecology, Seattle, Washington
BLO-20»7-5, App. G, 2 p.; 1969
ABSOBPTION; AGE ESTIMATION; QUARTZ; SOILS;
CHROMIUM 51; DIATOBITE; FOSSILS
To a culture of about 60 ml of CBAETOCEBOS
ARAHATUB containing no, or very little,
particulate matter, one microcurie of Cr 51 was
added. The culture was incubated at 18 degrees
centigrade and samples taken at three, six, and
twelve days. Results indicate that at least 90
percent of the Cr 51 is taken up in ionic form.
Permissible Levels of Toxic Beta Is in Sewage Used
on Agricultural Land
; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,
Tolcarne Drive, Finner, Middlesex B»5 2DT, England
Agricultural Development Advisory Service,
Advisory Paper Ho. 10, 12 p.; 1971, July
HEAVY METALS; SEWAGE; AGRICULTURE; NITBOGEN;
PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; COPPER; NICKEL; SLODBS; BOBON;
ADDITIVITY; CHBOBIUH; CHOBBATE; PH; CHOPS; ZINC
EQUIVALENT: AVAILABILITY; LIMING; HANUBE; ORGANIC
HATTER; CEREALS; POTATOES; SENSITIVE SPECIES:
COBALT: CADMIUM; LEAD; BERCORY; VEGETABLES;
ANALYTICAL METHODS; ACTIVATED SLUDGES
Report deals with setting permissible levels for
toxic metals in sewage or sludges applied to
Zinc in Soil
; Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England
Bibliography No. 1532, 23 p.; 1972, April
SOILS; BOISTUBE; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; PLANT
NUTRITION; DEFICIENCY; TBACE ELEBENTS; ZINC;
COPPER; LEAD; CADHIUM; UPTAKE; SPECIES
DIFFERENCES; CONCENTRATION; BANGANESE; ORGANIC
BATTER; PHOSPHOBUS; BIOGEOCHEHISTRY; PB; LIMING;
FEBTILIZEBS; CBOP YIELDS; MAGNESIUM; TEA; SEWAGE
SLUDGE; COBN; MOSSES; AIRBORNE DUSTS; DUSTS;
CBITICAL SOIL VALOE; ECONOMIC RESPONSE; HUMUS;
MIGRATION; ADSORPTION; CHELATES; BIOASSAY;
COLOBIHETRYj FOUNDRY SMOKE; BICE; PBOSPECTING;
CALCAREOUS SOILS
Brief results of 85 papers. Important items are
keyworded.
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5-10
Environmental Pollution by Lead and Other Hetals
; Illinois Univ., Urbana. Environmental Studies
Program
Progress Report Hay 1, 1971 April 30. 1972;
Bonitoring Agency Bept lo. HSF-HA/E-72-001; Grant
NSF-GI-26; May 72, 438 p.
LEAD; SOILS; AIR; HATER; PLANTS; PHOTOSTHTHESIS;
ANIMALS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; ABALTSIS; MODEL;
METALS; MOVEMENT; TPACE METALS
The report constitutes a progress report of
interdisciplinary research conducted to develop
an understanding of the movement and effect of
lead and other trace metals in the environment so
that decisions regarding control of these
possible pollutants light be made Bore
rationally. Reports of the following sir groups
are presented: analytical laboratory, total
ecosystem group, air-soil-water-plant continual
group, plant processes group, animal processes
group, and modeling team.
Kampf gegen die Belastung der Gevaesser durch
schver oder nicht abbaubare Stoffe
In Foederation Europaeischer Gewaesserschutz,
Informations blatt 19, 81 p. Proceedings of
European Federal the Protection of Haters,
Fifteenth Symposium; 1972, December
WASTE HATER; HASTE RECLAMATION; BIODEGRADATION;
HASTE; AGRICULTURE; INDUSTRY; SEHAGE; SLUDGE;
HATER; AIR; SOILS: DEGRADATION
Toxic and noxious substances which accumulate in
water, soil, and air, and present a menace to
public health are examined. The treatment of
such substances totally or partially resistent to
degradation, substances which are often contained
in waste water and sewage sludge, are discussed.
Intensification of research, development of
economic and technical processes, utilization of
wastes by agriculture, and reintrodnction of
industrial residues into the circuits of raw
materials are stressed.
Chromium in Hater A Bibliography
; Office of Hater Resources Research
National Technical Information Service, O.S.
Dept. of commerce, PB 210 921, 126 p.; 1972, June
ABSORPTION; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANALYSIS; CHROMIUM;
EFFLUENT: FERTILIZER; HEAVY METALS; MARINE
ECOSYSTEM; NON-FERROOS BETALS; PLATING; METAL
FINISHING; RADIOACTIVE HASTES; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
SLUDGE TREATMENT; TEXTILE INDUSTRY; TREATMENT
PLANT; ONDERGROOND AQUIFERS; HASTE DISPOSAL;
HATER; SLUDGE
83 abstracts covering the period up to Hay 1972
with a significant description index and a title
index. One of series of bibliographies based on
selected Hater Resources Abstracts.
8
Recommended Code of Practice - For the Handling
and Disposal of Asbestos Haste Materials
; Asbestosis Research Council
The Asbestosis Research Council (Sep. 1969); 1969
ASBESTOS; LANDIFLLS; PACKING; HASTE DISPOSAL;
HASTE TIPPING; HASTE COLLECTION: HASTES
Categorizes types of asbestos and methods of
collecting wastes and disposal by tipping.
Lead. Airborne Lead in Perspective
; National Academy of Sciences, Hashington, DC
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 71-18621U;
International Standard book So. 0-309-019*1-9;
Monitoring Agency Bept. No. 18, 3»2 p.; 1972,
Barch
BIOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION HASHOUT; AIR; PLAHTS;
ANIMALS; LEAD; LEAD POISONING; ANTIKNOCK
TEtRAETHYL LEAD; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; AEBOSOLS;
SOILS; DISEASES: FOODS; RESPIRATORY DISEASES;
BLOOD CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS; HUMANS; HEVIEH
A review containing information of interest to
those concerned with the sources, magnitude, and
distribution of airborne lead in the ecosystem
and with its effects on human health and welfare,
on plants, and on domestic and wild animals. It
also presents useful information for clinicians
and laboratory workers, describes sampling and
analytic methods for lead, recommends procedures
for the collection and storage of biologic
samples, and summarizes toxicologic data on
experimental lead poisoning.
10
Subsurface Hater Pollution A Selective
Annotated Bibliography Part 3. Percolation from
Surface Sources.
; Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Protection Agency (O.S.)/ PB-211
342, 162 p.; 1972, Harch
ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
BIOCONVEHSION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; EFFLUENT;
GEOLOGY; INCINERATOR RESIDUES; LANDFILLS;
LEACHING; LEACHATES; LYSIHETERS; HANAGEHENT;
MINING; MUNICIPAL REFUSE; OILS; OXYGEN;
PERMEABILITY; SBHAGE; SOILS; UNDERGROUND
AQUIFERS; HASTE DISPOSAL: HATER; PERCOLATION
This is a selective bibliography representing a
search of a 33,980 item data base, from the
semimonthly journal, "Selected Hater Resources
Abstracts". Each item has a 150 to 200 word
abstract.
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11-15
Hatoral Carbs Liiit Plant Intake of Arsenic
Residues
Agr. Pes., 18(11), 6; 1970
ARSENIC; RESIDUES; PLANTS; ROOTS; UPTAKE;
ADSOBPTION; LEACBIHG; POTTED CORN; IRON;
ALOMINOM; ARSENATE; FATE; ORGANIC ARSBNICALS;
SOILS; LEAD; INSECTICIDES; CLAT; CORN; SANDI SOILS
Arsenic residues, which accumulate in the soil
after repeated applications, are not generally
harmful to plants because root uptake is limited
bf adsorption and leaching of the residues. Hhen
these mechanisms are not available, arsenic
usually stunts the grovth of plants or kills them
before they accumulate significant residues. In
an experiment with potted corn, 250 pp» arsenic
reduced grovth 50% in 4 veeks. Research is being
conducted by the Agricultural Research Service in
Beltsville, Maryland, on lessening the
availability of arsenic to root systems by
leaching or adding iron and aluminum, natural
adsorbents for inorganic arsenate. The ultimate
fate of organic arsenicals in soil is also being
studied. Five to 15 ppm arsenic naturally occurs
in most soils and some soils have up to 40 ppm.
Concentrations of 10 to 2500 ppm were found in 70
samples of soil knovn to have had repeated and
frequently heavy treatments of lead arsenate
insecticide. In samples of sandy lakeland soil
from Florida, taken from 1 to 6 ft deep,
concentrations amounting to OB Ib/acre vere
found, but the top 12 inches contained 34
Ib/acre, owing to leaching. Finer textured Nev
York soil, high in clay content, containing
slightly less aluminum and iron, accumulated more
arsenic. Of applied arsenic, 47* remained in the
top 6 in of Nev York soil, while 3% was found in
the top 6 inches of lakeland soil.
12
Zinc in Soils of the Central Chernozem Region
Aderikhin, P.G.; Kopaeva, H.T.
Agrokhimiya, 3, 88-92; 1968
ZINC; SOILS; CHERNOZEM
Full tables are given of profile (0-150 cm)
determinations of some physical and chemical soil
properties and zinc contents of 11 soils. Total
zinc in the plow horizon varied from 31 to 81
mg/kg.
13
Long-Lived Pollutants in Sediments from the
Laguna Atascosa National Rildlife Refuge, Texas
ihr, W.H.; Dep. Geol., Texas A And B Oniv.,
College Station, Tex.
Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. (BOGMAF) 1973, 84(8),
2511-15; 1973
DDT; SOILS; LEAD; ARSENIC; ORGANOCHLORINES;
INSECTICIDES; SEDIMENTS
New Data on Hercury Geochemistry
Aidin'yan, N.K.; Ozerova, N.A.
Part of Chnkhrov, P.V. (Ed.), Probl. Geol. diner.
Bestorozhd., Petrologii Mineral., Izd. Nanka,
Moscow, OSSR, 1, 191-199; 1969
GEOCBEMISTHI; BEBCOBT; ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION;
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; BOCKS; MINERALS;
WATER; MIGRATION; ADSORPTION; SOILS; RIVERS; SEA;
OCEAN
Neutron activation analysis of mercury in rocks,
minerals, and waters provided new data on the
behavior of mercury in various geological
processes. Cinnabar and native mercury are
easily transferred into agueous solution in
amounts of 1.6 to 3.5 parts per million in the
absence of strong oxidizers, but mercury
migration in sedimentary rocks in insignificant
because of adsorption by soils. Recent
experiments showed that argillaceous schists
extract 75 to 100 and dolomitized siltstones 30
to 1 percent of the mercury present in solution.
These data greed veil with the geological
observation. The average mercury content in
waters of rivers, seas, and oceans was 0.01 parts
per million. The mercury is distributed
nonuniformly in vertical section of soils:
somewhat lov mercury contents are typical of
humus horizon and elevated of illnvial because of
the presence of sorbents (iron and aluminum
oxides) .
15
Photochemical Formation of Methylmercuric
Compounds from Mercuric Acetate
Akagi, H.; Takabatake, E.; Inst. Pnbl. Health,
Tokyo, Japan
Chemosphere 2/3, 131-133; 1973
MERCURY; NETHYLHBRCORY; MERCURIC ACETATE;
PHOTOCHEMICAL ALKYLATION; AQDATIC ECOSYSTEMS;
MERCURIC CHLORIDE; ACETIC ACID; NETHANOL;
ETBANOL; METHYL CHLORIDE; ETHYLHBRCORIC CHLORIDE;
PROPIONIC ACID; ALCOHOL; FATTY ACIDS; DEGRADATION
In the course of studies on photochemical
alkylation of inorganic mercuric compounds in
aquatic environments, it vas previously observed
that irradiation with sunlight converted
mercuric chloride into methylmercuric chloride
in the presence of a small amount of acetic acid,
methanol or ethanol, and into both methyl and
ethylmercuric chlorides in the presence of
propionic acid. Among these alcohols and fatty
acids, acetic acid which occurs videly in nature
as a degradation product of various organic
materials, proved to be the most effective methyl
donor for the formation of methylmercuric
compounds. In this paper the authors describe a
study of the photochemical methylation using
mercuric acetate, a hypothetical intermediate of
the reaction, under agaeons conditions. A 20
watt blacklight lamp having the same spectral
distribution as sunlight was used to maintain a
stable light intensity throughout the
experiments. It vas found that sunlight
irradiation of mercuric acetate under aqueous
conditions results in the formation of
methylmercuric compounds, which explain the
production in nature of methylated product from
mercuric compounds under conditions where
mercuric acetate is released.
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16-21
16
Bole of Complex Metal-Containing Organic
Compounds in the Migration of Iron, Aluminium,
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium Along
the Profile of Gray Forest and Solodised Soils of
the Central-Russian Steppe
Akhtyrtsev, B.P.; Kader, G.B.; Voronezhskii
Gosudarstvennyi Oniversitet, OSSH
Biologicheskie Nauki, 1i»(7), 106-111; 1971
MIGRATION; IRON; ALONINUM; CALCIOM; MAGNESIUM;
POTASSIOH; SODIUM; SOIL; HOHDS
Organic latter accumulates elements such as P, Ca
and Mg in the hums horizon, while aiding the
•igration of other elements from the complex
•etal-containing organic compounds.
17
Copper Contents in the Organic Component of
Podzol Type Soils
Aleshchukin, L.v.
Och Zap Bosk GOS Pedagog Inst im Lenin a 302 1968
Trans 11-17.
COPPER; PODZOl; SOILS
18
Nonbiodegradable and Other Recalcitrant Molecules
Alexander, (I.; Lab. Soil Hicrobicl. Dept.
Agronomy, Cornell Only., Ithaca, N.T. 14850
Biotechnol. Bioengineering, 15(4), 611-647; 1973
RESISTANCE; DEGRADATION; MICBOOBGANISHS; ORGANIC
COHPODNDS; MODEL; iATER; SOUS; COST/BENEFIT
ANALYSIS; DEGRADATION; HICBOOBGANISHS; ECOSYSTEMS
Many natural products show remarkable durability
in natural ecosystems, and some of these
substances are of great practical concern. A
Tariety of types of synthetic compounds are also
persistent in nature, and this resistance is of
importance because of the large amounts of such
chemicals now manufactured and their effects in a
rariety of environments. The degradation of
synthetic chemicals results mainly from
activities of microorganisms, and attempts to
minimize pollution of vater and soil vould be
facilitated were there adequate information on
why many pollutants are so refractory.
Unfortunately, little is Known about why manmade
or even natural organic compounds are not
destroyed at rates sufficiently repaid to
prevent appreciable accumulations and
occasionally ecological disturbances of
considerable proportions. Environmental
protection requires that a synthetic chemical
should be converted to inorganic products in a
reasonably short period of time. The material
should, of course, not be subject to
biodeterioration during the period it is being
used for its intended purpose, but it should be
destroyed once it is no longer needed and is
introduced into waters, soils, or °*her disposal
sites. Biodegradability of a compound often can
be increased by appropriate structural
modifications. These •°dificatl°n%ca%1n?0durts
replacement of compounds or manufactured Products
potentially dangerous in natural ecosystems and
some that are undesirable for asthetic reasons
with others which do not last sufficiently long
in nature to be either hazardous or offensive.
The cost of manufacture may be increased because
of the additional requirement for
bicdegradability, but if society wishes to enjoy
the benefits it now obtains from synthetic
chemicals and yet have an environment free of
toxic or offensive materials, it will have to
accept the possible burden of additional cost.
On the other hand, adequate knowledge of the
mechanisms of recalcitrance may allow not only
for a sound approach to the development of new
chemical products but lead to new materials that
can be produced with little or no added cost.
19
Soil Pollution
Alexander, N.
ONESCO and HBO. Global Impacts of Applied
Microbiology. Uth International Conference. Sao
Paulo, Brazil, July 23-28, 1973. 35 p. Onipub.,
Inc.; P.O. Box 433, New York, N.I., D.S.A. 1973
MICROORGANISMS; PESTICIDES; BEAVY METALS; AIR;
CARCINOGENS; SOILS
20
Agronomic Controls Over Environmental Cycling of
Trace Elements
Allaway, w.R.
Advan. Agron. 20, 235-274; 1968
AGRONOMY; CYCLING; TRACE ELEMENTS
21
Heavy Metal Content of Plants Growing on Soils
Contaminated by Lead Mining
Alloway, B.S.; Davies, B.E.; University of iales
Journal of Agricultural Science, 76(2), 321;
1971. April
PLANTS: SOILS; LEAD MINING; CONCENTRATION; LEAD;
ZINC; COPPER; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTBOPHOTOHBTBY; UPTAKE; CROPS; ASH; HERBAGE
Plants grown in fields known to contain large
concentration of lead, zinc, and copper were
analyzed by absorption spectroscopy. Plants were
washed, dried and dry washed at 430 degrees C.
Ash was taken up in 0.1 M (H NO3) Nitric Acid.
Control samples (6) were taken from areas known
to be of low cation concentration and compared
with five samples from mining fields. Generally.
herbage from contaminated fields was richer in
•etals. Species and site differences control
uptake and all parts of the plant are affected.
Toxiclty symptoms are no guide to plants metal
content and maximum acceptable lead
concentrations are exceeded in apparently healthy
crops.
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22-27
22
The Influence of Soil Arsenic on the Growth of
Lovbnsh Blaeberry
Anastasia, F.B.; Render, R.J.; Procter S Gamble
Co., Industrial Chemicals Div., Cincinnati, OB
45217
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2(3), 335-337;
1973
ARSENIC; INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES; PLAITS; SOILS;
BLUEBERRY; CALCIOH ARSENATE
Samples of commercial and virgin soils taken froi
various low bosh blaeberry (VACCINION
ANGOSTIFOLIOH) areas in Maine contained
•easorable amounts of arsenic. The highest
levels vere in soils from commercial fields which
had been treated repeatedly vith calcium arsenate
for insect control. The amount cf arsenic
decreased as the soil depth increased. Soils
from commercial blaeberry fields ranged from 7.7
to 37.8 ppm while virgin soils ranged from 5.7 to
7.0 ppm in the upper levels. Low bush blueberry
plants grown at arsenic levels of 7.7, 17.1,
43.8, 69.5 and 84.5 ppm in a loamy sand in the
greenhouse were injured only at the highest
level. at greater than or egual to 9.5 ppm
arsenic blueberry plant growth Was significantly
inhibited when compared to plants grown at 7.7
ppm arsenic. The greatest arsenic accumulation
in blueberry tissue occurred in the roots with
decreasing amounts in the stems and leaves,
respectively. Rhen foliar arsenic reached 6.7
ppm, a significant reduction in plant growth
resulted, although arsenic was present in all
field soils analyzed, at no point did the amount
exceed that which was necessary to produce a
redaction in plant growth under greenhouse
conditions.
23
Analysis of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a
Benzene Soluble Bitumen From Green Diver Shale
Anders, D.E.; Doolittle, F.G.; Robinson, I.E.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 37(5). 1973, 1213-1228
PLANTS; BIOCHEMICAL RES IDOES; MASS SPECTBOSCOPT;
INFRARED SPECTBOSCOPT; GAS CHROHATOGRAPHY;
DEHYDROGERATION; BITOMEN; BENZENE; HYDROCARBONS;
AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS; SHALE
21
System Simulation to Identifiy Environmental
Research Reeds Mercury Contamination
Anderson, A.A.; Anderson, J.M.; Bayer, L.E.
Oikos, 24(2), 231-238; 1973
FISH; SOILS; STREAMS; SEA; AIR; FOSSIL FUELS;
COHBOSTION; FDELS; MERCOHY
25
Effect of HOCOR-ALTBRNANS on the Persistence of
DDT and Dieldrin in Culture and in Soil
Anderson, J.P.; Lichtenstein, B.P. ; Rhittingham,
H.F.
J. Econ. Entomol., 63(5), 1595-1599; 1970
PERSISTENCE; DDT; DIELDRIN; COLTORES; SOILS;
INSECTICIDES
H. ALTERJANS isolated from a loamy soil incubated
with DDT or dieldrin partially degraded DDT
within 2-4 days in shake cultures into 3
heianesoloble and 2 water-soluble metabolites.
After application of Carbon 14-DDT, 42X of the
totally recovered radioactivity was represented
by the 2 water-soluble metabolites. There was
some evidence of the breakdown of dieldrin, but
no metabolites.
26
Incidence of Mercury in Illinois Pheasants
Anderson, R.L.; Stewart, P.L.
Hist. Surv., Orbana, 111.
Illinois Nat.
Trans. 111. State Acad. Sci. (TISAAB) 1971, 64(3),
237-41; 1971
PHEASANT; MEBCORt; BIRDS; SOILS
Pheasants (20) collected in east-central Illinois
during August 1970 were analyzed for elemental
mercury by emission spectrography and frequencies
of occurrence and mean concentrations were
kidneys, 35X and greater than 0.06 ppm, livers,
401 and 0103 ppm, brains 15* and 0.32 ppm, leg
muscles, 25% and 0.02 ppm, and sternal muscles,
15* and 0.03 ppm. The high mean concentrations
in brains was due to 5.93 ppm found in one bird.
The 2nd highest individual concentration was 0.44
ppm and occurred in kidneys. Eight soil samples,
collected from the fields in which the pheasants
were taken, contained a mean of 0.02 plus - 0.01
ppm Hg. Neither pheasants nor soils in
east-central Illinois appear to be contaminated
with potentially dangerous levels of Rg.
27
Mercury in Soils
Andersson, A.
Grundforbattring, 20, 95-105; 1967
SOILS; HOMOS; PH; BOGS; PODZOL; BYDHOHORPHIC;
HEBCORI
Average mercury content in 273 Swedish and 14
African soils was 60.1 and 23 ng/g, respectively.
Cultivated soils generally contained more
mercury than did uncultivated soils, although
both the maximum (922 Ng/g) and the minimum (4
ng/g) contents were found in uncultivated soils.
Mercury content of the surface soil was 5-10
times higher than that of the subsoil (average
2-10 ng/g) . Mercury was adsorbed mostly on the
humus fraction at low pH values and on the
mineral colloids at higher Pbjs. Graphs show the
distribution of mercury with 'depth in profiles of
a raised bog, and podzol and a hydromorphic soil.
-------
28-35
28
Enrichment of Trace Elements froi Sewage Sludge
Fertilizer in Soils and Plants
Andersson, A.; Nilsson, K.O. ; Department of Soil
Science, Aricultural College of Sweden, Uppsala
Sweden
Ambio, 1(5), 176-179; 1972, October
TRACE ELEBENTS; SEWAGE SLODGE; SOUS; PLANTS;
MANGANESE; ZINC; COPPER; NICKEL; COBALT;
CHROMIUM; LEAD; CADMIUM; HERCOHT; MOLYBDENUM;
ARSENIC; BORON; SELENIUM; NBOTBON ACTIVATION
ANALYSIS; COLORIHET8Y; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPBOTOMETRY
Soils are more easily aerated than vater,
consequently oxygen depletion is not the same
problem. The soil can receive large amounts of
organic matter per unit volume that can be
decomposing without the harmful effects from
anaerobic and reducing conditions that occur in
the aquatic environment. The plant nutrients
released by the decomposition process increase
the production of new organic material which is
harmful in the water environment, but in
soils--and in cultivated soils in particular—the
same effect is favorable, then wastes are
decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, plant
nutrients are released and made available to the
plant roots. They can be used in the production
of new organic material and the result will be
increased yields. So far there have been no
problems in using the soil for disposal of sewage
sludeg. Bowever, sewage sludge also contains
hazardous components of domestic and industrial
origin. As sludge decomposes, these elements are
released along with plant nutrients and become
sorbed to the soil colloids. The sorption is
strong enough to protect them from leaching, but
to some extent they are still available to the
plant roots. The effect is a gradual enrichment
of the soil and in some cases increased
resorption by plants and transference to the food
chains. When municipal waste products are to be
osed for agricultural purposes, the application
rates recommended should be based on the content
of potentially harmful components. The Uppsala
sewage sludge contained high contents of zinc,
copper, mercury and selenium in amounts greater
than in the soil. The extraetable mercury, zinc,
copper, and selenium were increased by more than
100 percent and nickel, chromium and lead by more
than 50 percent. In the vegetation grown on the
soil, zinc, copper, arsenic, nickel, chromium,
mercury and molybdenum were increased by 50
percent or more. Arsenic, manganese and cobalt
increased in the vegetation by a greater
percentage than the increase in the soil and many
other elements by about the same percentage.
Contents of Mobile copper and Zinc in Sod
Podzolic Soils of Western Polesie
Andrushchenko, G.A.; Dzyaman, T.D.
Bikroele. Sel'Sk Khoz Med 5 1969 Trans 12«-132.
COPPER; ZINC; SOD PODZOLIC SOILS; SOILS
Mathematical Model for Migration of
Badiostrontium in Soil
Anochin, V.L.; Svirezhev, J.M.; Tjurjukanow, A.N.
Aberg. V.; Hungate, P.P. (Eds.), Proc. of Intern.
svmp on Badioecological Concentration Processes,
Stockholm, April 25-29, 1966. Pergamon Press.
Oxford (10HO p.I ; 1966
MODEL; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; SOILS; STBONTIUB;
TRANSPORT; RADIOHOCLIDES; BADIOSTRONTIOM
32
The Movement of Copper in Soils
Antipov-Karotaev, I. N.
Pedology (OSSR), 652-65.9; 1947
MOVEMENT; COPPER; SOILS
33
Pathway of Agrocbemicals. Mercury in Soils
Aomine, S.
Kagaku (Tokyo), 37(12), 651-656; 1967
AGBOCBENICALS; HEBCDRI; SOILS; MOVEMENT
3
-------
36-44
36
The Determination and Distribution of Toxic
Levels of Arsenic in a Silt Loam Soil
Arnott. J.T.; Leaf, A.L.
Heeds, 15(2), 121-121; 1967
DETERMINATION: DISTRIBUTION; ARSENIC; SILT LOAH;
SOILS; LOAH
41
Environmental Foliation by chromium Slag Brought
to the Reclaimed Land by Pilling
Asami, T.; OniT. Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi (DID HA I) , 1973,
44(6) , 223-225; 1973
SOILS; RECLAMATION; CBROHIOR; SLAG; HATER; GOBI;
FISH
37
Preliminary Studies on the Adsorption of Irsenite
in Punjab and Baryana Soils
Arora, S.K.; Singh, B.; Vaid, U.K.
Indian J. Sci. Ind., 1, 139-141; 1967
ADSORPTION; ARSESrtE; SOILS; OBGAN 1C NATTER; CLAI
SESQ.OIOIIDES; ARSENIC
The adsorption of arsenic by soils vas affected
mainly by organic natter, but also by clay
percentage and amount of sesguiozides.
42
Pollution of Paddy Soils by Cadmium, Zinc, Lead,
and Copper in the Oust, Fume, and Haste Rater
from Iisso Aizu Smelter
Asami, T.; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Dojo-Biryogaku Zasshi (Ridhaz) , 43(9),
339-43; 1972
SOILS; SHELTERS; CAD81 OH; ZIRC; LEAD; COPPER;
DDSTS; FORES; iASTEHATEB; PADDT SOILS; PADDIES
38
Solnbilization of Iron Containing Minerals by
Soil Microorganisms
Arrieta, L.; Grez, B.
Appl. Hicrobiol., 22(4), 1971, 487-490
PORGI; THIN LATER CHROBATOGBAPHT: SOILS; IRON
39
Photodecomposition and Stability of Formetanate
Arnrkar, S.K.; Knovles, C.O.
Trans. Ro. Acad. Sci. 5, 1971 (Reed 1972), 38-42
ACARICIDE; INSECTICIDES; PHOTODECOHPOSITIO1I;
FORHETARATE
40
Decomposition of Formetanate Acaricide in Soil
Arurkar, S.K.; Knovles, C.O.; Rissouri
Oniversity, Columbia, Hissonri
Bull. EnT. Contam. Tozicol., 5, 324-328; 1970
DSCOHPOSITIOR; FORHETARATE; SOILS ACAHICIDB;
DEGRADATION; PR
In river bottom soil of pH 8, formetanate
decomposition vas rapid and the major identified
degradation products vere
m-formaminophenyl-R-methylcarbamate,
m-formaminophenol, and m-aminophenol. Hhen
formetanate was incubated vith Tris-HCI buffer
(pB 7.4) for 4 hours, the same materials appeared
as predominant hydrolysis products. In soil, the
formetanate concentration decreased from 53.7* at
1 day to 10.4% after 16 days.
43
Nickel Pollution
Ashton, H.H.; Dept. of Biochemistry and
Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of
Hales, Aberystvyth, Rales
Nature, 237, 46-47; 1972, Hay 5
NICKEL; BERBAGE; COPPER; ARSERIC; SOILS; RBEAT;
OATS; POTATOES; GRASSES; ATONIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOHETHT; COLOBIHETBT; CONCENTRATION
Samples of soils and herbage from near a nickel
refinery in Rales in 1934, shoved considerable
contamination of soils and herbage by nickel,
copper, and traces of arsenic. In oats and vheat
the leaves shoved by far the greatest
contamination but some of it washed off.
Herbage, trees and livestock vere in poor
condition in this area. In 1940, a nev much
cleaner process of nickel extraction vas adopted
and soil and vegetation samples taken in 1971
shoved a marked decrease in contamination.
44
Concentration Effects on Cesinm-137, Zinc-65,
Cobalt-60, And Rntheninm-106 Sorption by Marine
Sediments, vith Geochemical Implications
Aston, S.R.; Duursma, E.K.; Int. Lab. Har.
Radioact., laea, Ronaco
Reth. J. Sea Res. (RJSRBA) , 1973, 6(1-2), 225-40;
1973
FALLOOT; SEA; SEDIMENTS; CESIOR 137; ZIRC 65;
COBALT 60; ROTBENIDH 106; SOBPTION; HABIRE; SEA
IATER; HATER; GEOCHEMISTRY
-------
45-48
45
Understanding the Dynamic Behavior of
Radionuclides Released to the Environment and
Inplications
Auerbach, S.I.j Kaye. S.V.; Nelson, D.J.;
Reichle. D.E.; Dunaway, P.B.; Booth, 8.S.; Oak
Ridge national Laboratory, Oak Bidge, Tennessee
37830
A/CONF-49/P-85, Prepared for Fourth International
Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,
Geneva, Switzerland, September 6, 1971, 18 p.;
1971, September
HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT; TRITIUM; ANTIBODY 125;
CESIUM 137; COBALT 60; RDTHENION 106; STRONTIOS
90; ZINC 65; FALLOUT; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FISSION
PRODUCTS; RADIONDCLIDES; ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;
PLANTS; SOILS; CERIUM IQII; NIOBIDH 95; ZIRCONIOH
95; DIFFUSION; INTERACTIONS; CALCIUH 45; IODINE
131; POTASSIOB 42; ROBIDIOR 86; SODIUM 22;
STRONTIUH 85; FOOD CHAINS; MONITORING; RADIATION
DOSES; RADIATION; COHREALTION; FISH; CRUSTACEANS;
BOLLOSKS; INSECTS; BOVEHENT; TERBESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; FOREST
The environmental behavior of radionuclides
released to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
from both routine plant operations and tracer
experiments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL) has been studied by ecologists during the
past 15 years. Tvo important aspects of these
continuing studies are: (1) radionuclides used
as tracers in the environment help to delineate
complex ecological processes and (2) radiolabels
quantifying rate processes provide primary
ecological information for developing dynamic
models of radionnclide transfers to man. Systems
analysis techniques are being used to simulate
the environmental behavior of radionnclides.
Chronic releases of small guantities of
radionnclides to Unite Oak Lake and the Clinch
Biver have provided a unique case study of the
environmental behavior of several radionaclides.
Radionuclides occurring regularly in organisms
from White Oak Lake include Sr 90, Cs 137, Co 60,
and H 3. Occasionally Bu 106, Sb 125, and Zn 65
are found. Because of dilution, only Sr 90 and
Cs 137 are found regularly in the Clinch River.
Coupling of field and laboratory data on selected
radionuclides in fish, aquatic insects, mollnsks,
and crustaceans provides the necessary parameters
for dynamic models of radionnclide movements in
aquatic ecosystems. Research in terrestrial
ecosystems has emphasized the biogeochemical
cycling of fission products In forest, grassland,
and old field ecosystems. Badionuclide dynamics
(Co 60, Sr 90, Sr 95-Hb 95, Bu 106, Cs 137, and
Ce 144) in natural plant communities have been
followed where soil reaction products have
formed. Plant translocations and food-chain
studies with Na 22, K 42, Ca 45, Sr 85, Rb 85, I
131, and Cs 137 have detailed pathways and fluxes
of additional radionnclides in these ecosystems.
Besearch has provided insight into the budgets
and turnover times of major nutrient elements and
potentially hazardous radionnclides in
contrasting ecological systems. Fifteen years of
environmental research at OBNL strongly suggests
that the dose necessary to evoke an unequivocally
detectable biological response is considerably
greater than that resulting from maximum
permissible concentrations in the environment.
in Eastern Prance
Aussenac, G. ; Bonneau, B.; Le Tacon, F.
Oecol. Plant, 7(1). 1972, 1-21
BINBRALS; FORESTS
Possible aicrobial contribution to Nitrosamine
Formation in Sewage and Soil
Ayanaba, A.; Verstraete, i.; Alexander. H.;
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,
P.B.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 50(3), 1973, 811-813
BICROOBGANISBS; DIHETHYLABINE; DIBETHYL
NITBOSABINE; THIRAB; FUNGICIDES; SEWAGE; SOILS;
TRANSFORBATION; TRIBETHYLABINE; DMA
Microorganisms is sewage converted trimethylamine
to dimethylamine (DBA) and also produced
dimethylnitrosamine. DNA formation was solely the
result of microbial activity. Host of the
nitrosamine generated from added DMA and nitrite
at neutral pH was consequence of microbial
metabolism. The nitrosamine also formed in acid
soil from DMA and in acid sewage from the
fungicide thiram. Although nitrosamines have not
yet been found, or actively sought, in unamended
sewage or soil, these findings indicate a
potential for their formation in such
environments.
48
Influence of Phosphorus Buildup on Availability
of Micro Nutrients in Red Soils of Bangalore
Badannr, V.P.; Venkata Rao, B.v.
Soil Sci., 116(4), 1973, 292-294
ZINC; COPPER; MANGANESE; BICBONDTRIBNTS; SOILS;
PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABILITY
-------
49-54
<49
Bydrolytic Behavior of Toxic Ratals
Baes, C.F.; Hesmer, R.E.; Oak Ridge Rational
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH 37830
Fart of Ecology and Analysis of Trace
Contaiminants, Progress Report, Jane 1972-January
1973, ORNL-HSF-EATC 1, HSF and Oak Ridge Rational
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH, (p.227-245) »tt9 p.;
1973
PB; HTDROLTSIS; OXIDES; HYDROXIDES; HEBCOBT;
ZINC; CADHIOH; COPPER; BEBILLIOB; LEAD; TIH;
BISHOTB; ARSENIC; ANTIMONY; MOLYEDENON; CHBOHIOH;
SELENIUM; VARADIDH; COBALT; NICKEL; MANGANESE;
THALLIUM; BTDROLTTIC BEHAVIOR
Host metal ions hydrolyze in solutions of
intermediate pH to produce a set of hydroxy
completes, H (x) (OH) (y) (nr-y) , whose identities
are often unresolved and vhose distributions
depend on both metal ion concentration and pH.
Identification of the formula and charge of
these hydrolysis products is essential to
understanding important aspects of the chemistry
of the element. In fiscal year 1973 ve have
selected ten important toxic metal ions for a
critical review of the extensive literature on
their hydrolysis behavior. These are: Hg2+,
Zn2+, Cd2», Cu2*, Be2», Pb2», Sn2+, Bi3*, As(III)
and Sb (III). Reviews of the first six of these
are now complete so that the identity of the
significant hydrolysis species has been judged
and the best values selected for equilibrium
quotients relating these to the acidity and the
solid oxide and hydroxide phases which occur.
The review of Cd2» is complete hot the data will
be reported later. This information will be made
available to researchers in the field through
review articles. A program of experimental work
deemed necessary to fill in gaps in the knowledge
of hydrolytic behavior of the first six metal
ions is proposed at a one man year level. In
addition we propose at some future time the
extension of such a review to the ions of
approximately eight more metals including Bo, Cr,
Se, 1, Co, Hi, Hn, and Tl.
50
Radio! so tope Migration in Soil
Baetsle, L.; Baes, H.
Pedologie, 1U, 205-227; 196U
MIGRATION; SADIOISOTOPES; SOILS
51
Computational Methods for the Prediction of
Underground Movement of Radionuclides
Baetsle, L. H.
Nuclear Safety, 8, 576-88; 1967
RADIONOCLIDES; MOVEMENT PREDICTION; MATHEMATICAL
MODEL; ORDERGBOUND; BOVEMERT; UNDERGROUND
MOVEMENT; MODEL
52
Storage and Disposal of Iron Ore Processing
Hastewater
Baillod, C.R.; Alger, G.R.; Michigan
Technological University, Dept. of Civil
Engineering, Honghton, HI
O.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
and Development Report Number EPA 660/2-74-018;
197«, March
RASTEHATBR; IRON ORE; TAILINGS BASIR; EFFLOERTS;
TRANSPORT; PLANTS; IATER; PRBCIPITATIOR; OUTFLOW;
SEEPAGE; TICICBRING; SLURRIES; TAILINGS; ORB;
HTDROLOGT; COAGOLATION; IMPOUNDMENTS; MINE
IASTBS; SEDIMENTATION HASTES; INDUSTRIAL HASTES;
TACONITE HASTES; VACOOM FILTRATION; HATER
This study was concerned with the handling of
wastewater resulting from the concentration of
low grade iron ore. Specific objectives were to
develop tailings basin design and management
criteria, to investigate methods of treating
basin effluents, and to investigate transport
characteristics of particulate materials
contained in basin discharges. These objectives
were accomplished through laboratory and field
studies conducted at the tailings impoundment
systems associated with two iron ore
concentrating plants located in tipper Michigan.
Annual water balances were formulated for the
tailings system at each plant to show the
relative importance of precipitation, surface
outflow and seepage. Settling column and dye
dispersion tests were Esp.lay«cl to predict
concentrations of suspended aaterial remaining in
basin effluents. The cost effectiveness of
various coagulation systems for treating basin
effluent was investigated. Particular attention
was devoted to a study of the thickening and
dewatering characteristics of the slurry produced
by chemical coagulation of the basin effluent.
Synthesis of alternative systems for handling
tailings wastewater was hampered by a lack of
information on water quality requirements for
reuse within ore concentrating processes.
Finally, settling column experiements in which
fine tailings particles were diluted with various
natural waters were conducted.
53
A New Approach to Soil Testing. Part 2. Ionic
Equilibria Involving Hydrogen, Potassium,
Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Iron, Copper,
Zinc, Sodium, Phosphorus and Sulfur
Baker, D.E.
Soil Sci. Am. Proc., 37(«), 1973, 537-5U1
DIETHILBMETRIAMINE PENTAACETIC-ACID; ION
AVAILABILITY; HYDROGEN; POTASSIUM; CALCIUM;
HAGNESIDN; MANGANESE; IROR; COPPEE; ZINC; SODIUM;
PHOSPHORUS; SDLFUR; SOIL AHALYSIS
The Role of Humic Acids from Tasmanian Podzolic
Soils in Mineral Degradation and Metal
Mobilization
Baker, H.E.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 37(2), 269-281; 1973
SULFIDE; HUMIC ACIDS; DEGRADATION; MOBILIZATION
-------
55-60
55
Loss of 2,i»-D in Kashoff from Cultivated Fallow
Land
Barnett, A. P.; Hauser, E.g.; ihite, A. i •
Holladay, J.H.
Seeds, 15(2), 133-37; 1967
2.H-D; IIASHOFF; SOILS; FALLOB LAUD; CULTIVATIOH
56
Quantitative Correlation of Trace Elements
Between Soils and Botherrock
Barragna, L.E.; Iniquez, H.J.; Fac. Farm., Oniv.
Navarra, Mavarra, Spain
An. Edafol. Agrobiol. (AEDAAB) , 1973, 32(1-2),
89-97; 1973
SOILS; HOCK; TBACE BLEBEHTS; IBOH; COBBELATIOH;
COPPER; BOTHERROCK
57
On the Displacement of Adsorbed Anions from Soil:
2. Displacement of Phosphate by Arsenate
Barrow, H.J. ; CSIBO, DiTision of Plant Industry,
iembley, Western Australia
Soil Science, 117(1), 28-33
SOILS; ABSEHATE; PHOSPHATES; PH; ABSEHIC ACID;
LITHIUM; SODIDB: POTASSIHH; CATIOHS
The ability of solutions of arsenate to displace
previously adsorbed phosphate from soil was
investigated. Displacement increased with
concentration of arsenate, with time of shaking,
and with pH. There was a Barked change in slope
of the pH-displaceaent curve near the pK2 of
arsenic acid. This was taken to indicate that
arsenate was competitively displacing
specifically adsorbed phosphate. At equivalent
concentration the effectiveness of arsenate
decreased in the sequence: lithium, sodium,
potassium. These differences may be associated
with differences between the cations in their
average distance of approach to a negatively
charged surface. Kith increasing time of contact
between soil and phosphate, the proportion of the
added phosphate which was not displaceable by
arsenate slowly increased. The rate of
conversion to a nondisplaceable form increased
with temperature. The conversion occurred over a
wide range of soil moisture levels. The
proportion converted was not affected by level of
addition within the range tested, and it was
argued that this indicates that conversion does
not involve diffusion of phosphate from one site
to another through the solution phase.
58
Contribution to the Study of Equilibria Between
Soils and Solnticns of Some Arsenic and
Phosphorus Compounds
Bastisse, E.B.
Science, 98(1), 5-17; 1967
EQBILIBBI09; SOILS; ABSEHIC; PHOSPHORUS
To 160 mg As and P2O5 as KH2ASOU and KB2PO
-------
61-69
61
Reduction of Inorganic Compounds by Soil
Microorganisms
Baatista, E.H.; Alexander, a.; Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,
36(6), 918-920; 1972
SOILS; REDUCTION; RESTING CELLS; CELLS; IORS;
SELENATES; SELENITB; TBLLDRATB; TELLURITE;
VANADATE; VARADYL; MOLYBDATE; MOLYBDENUM;
ARSENATE; ARSENIC; HANGANESE OXIDES; HANGANOOS
ION; CHLORATE
Growing cultures, resting cells and cell extracts
of two soil isolates, PICHIA GOILLBRHORDII and a
HICROCOCCUS species, reduced several inorganic
ions and compounds. The capacity to reduce
selenate, selenite, tellnrate and tellarite to
elemental forms, vanadate to a *anadyl compound,
•olybdate and •olybdenun trioxide to a molybdenum
blue coipoand, arsenate to arsenite, HnO2 to the
•anganoas ion, and chlorate to a less oxidized
form, Has common to soil microorganisms.
65
Dsing Soil Filtration to Reduce Pollution
Potential of Lagoon Effluent Entering Ground
later Systei
Beer, C.E.; Koelliker, J.K.
PB-203 348, lova State iater Besoarces Research
Inst. 37 p.; 1971, August
SOILS; FILTRATION; LAGOOR; EFFLUENTS; GBOOHD
RATER; WATER
66
Surface Charge Characteristics of Bydroxyapatite
and Fluorapatite
Bell, L.C.; Posner, A.M.; Quirk, J.P.
Nature 239, 515-517; 1972
BTDROITAPATITE; FLDOHAPATITE; SDRFACE CHARGE;
MINERALS
62
Co Metabolisi as a Factor in Hicrobial
Degradation of Cycloparaffinic Hydrocarbons
Beam, H.R.; Perry, J.J.; Dept. Hicrobiol., North
Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC
Archives fur Hikrobiol. 1973, 9(1), 87-90; 1973
CARBON; CARBON 14; COBALT; METABOLISM; HICROBIAL
DEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; CICLOPARAFFISIC
HYDROCARBON; SOILS; CYCLOHIXANE; ENERGY; CARBON
DIOXIDE; CYCLOALKANONE; PROPANE; CYCLOPARAFFIN;
CARBON MONOXIDE
All attempts to isolate microorganisms fro* soil
that utilize unsubstitnted cycloparaffinic
hydrocarbons, e.g. cyclohexane, as sole Course of
carbon and energy have been unsuccessful.
However, cyclohexane was degraded in fertile soil
as leasured by release of C14 carbon dioxide on
addition of OL C14 cyclohexane. Hydrocarbon
utilizing organisms isolated fro* the soil grew
rapidly on cycloalkanones. Several cultures,
after growth on propane, could oxidize
cycloparaffins to the homologous cycloalkanone.
These results suggest that degradation of
cycloalkanes in nature *ay be via Co metabolism.
63
Contamination of Soil Rith Zinc, Copper, Lead,
and Cadiiua in the Hollongong City Area
Beavington, F.
Aust. J. Soil Res., 11(1), 1973, 27-31
SOILS; ZINC; COPPER; LEAD; CADHIDM
64
The significance of a Biologically Active Soil
Becknan, E.O.
?italst Zivilisationskr, 15(5), 181-184; 1970
BICROFLORA; AGRONOMY; HERBICIDES; SOILS; ENZYMES
67
Biodehalogenation—the Hetabolis* of the
Neiatocides Cis- and Trans-3-Chloroallyl Alcohol
by a Bacterium Isolated from Soil
Belser, N.O.; Castro, C.E.; University of
California, Riverside, CA
J. Agric. Food Chei. 19, 23-26; 1971
BIODEBALOGENATION; METABOLISM; NBMATOCIDES ;
CHLOROALLYL ALCOHOL; SOILS; CARBON DIOXIDE;
CBLORIRE ISOSEBS; HYDROXYLATION
The metabolic path for the conversion of the
isomers to C02 and Cl- by a PSEUDONOHAS species
is given. The dehalogenation step for each of
the isomers is a direct hydroxylation of the
beta-vinylie carbon-chlorine bond of the isomeric
3-chloroacrylic acid intermediates.
68
Mobile Copper in the Soils of the Cherkassy Region
Benders Kyi, R.M.; Khoichak, R.Y.
Zb. Nauk. Prats'. Omans'K. Sil'S'K. Inst., 15,
1967 Trans., 312-317.
COPPEB; SOILS
69
Re-Establishing Apple Orchards in the
Chelan-Hanson Area
Benson, N. B.
Washington State University, Tree-Fruit Research
Center, Renatchee, BA, Report, Oct. 1968, 32; 1968
APPLES; APPLE ORCHARDS; SOILS
11
-------
70-78
70
Zinc Retention in Soils
Benson, H.R.
Soil Set.. 101, 171-179; 1966
ZINC; SOILS; RETENTION
71
Soil Transformations of the Individual
Ingredients in Waste Haters from the Ranufacture
of Polyvinyl Chloride Resins, and the Effect of
these Compounds on the Physical and Chemical
Properties of the Soil
Berezneva, L.A.; Mazina, E.I.
Tr. Klar'kov. Sfl'skokhoz. Inst. (TKKSAB),, 166,
28-32; 1972
VINYL CHLOBIDE; BASTES; SOUS; RIRIFICATION;
HETHYL CELLULOSE; WATEB; TRANSFORHATION
72
Lead Absorption from Soil Into Legnmes-D
Berg, H.H.
J. Sinn. Acad. Sci. 36 (2-3), 96; 1970
BEAMS; PEANUTS; LEAD; SOILS; LBGOHBS; ABSORPTION;
PLANTS
73
Dynamics of Soluble Foras of Copper in Soils
Berina, D.; Benberga, L.
; 1965
COPPER; SOLUBILITY; SOILS; LOAH; SARD; RAINFALL;
SOIL HOISTORE
In a sandy derno-gley soil, a sandy
dorno-podzolio-gleyey soil, a sandy-loamy
cultivated derno slightly pdozolic soil, and a
loamy cultivated demo-carbonate soil froi four
regions of Latvia, variations in the proportion
of acetate-soluble copper in the total copper
vere vithin the range of several per cent,
vhereas variations in the percentage of copper
soluble in the HCl ranged fro* several tons of
per cent to one hundred per cent. The
concentration of soluble for is of copper
increased in Hater-saturated soil in early spring
and in sinner after heavy rain. The
concentration of soluble copper was least at the
beginning of the vegatative period, and soils
poor in copper should be dressed with copper in
spring.
Lead Content of Soils from Urban Housing
Bertinnson, J.R.; Clark, C.S.; College of
Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
Interface (Cleveland) (ITFCBH) 2(1), 6; 1973
LEAD; URBAN: SOILS; OBBAH HOUSING
75
Interactions Between Mineral Elements and Soil
Hicro-Organisms
Bertrand, D.; Institut Pasteur, 78-Jony-en-Josas,
france
Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologic 4u Sol, 9(3),
3U9-396; 1972
INTERACTIONS; HINEHALS; SOILS; REVIEW; NUTRITION;
HETALLO-ENZYNES; NITRATE; SILICATES; CARBONATES;
PHOSPHATES; SULFUR; IRON; NANGANBSE; REVIEW
Subjects discussed include the effect of lineral
elements on the metabolism of soil
micro-organisms (growth, nutrition and tozicity,
metalloenzymes) , and the effect of soil
micro-organisms on the mineral environment
(nitrates, silicates, carbonates, phosphates
sulphur, iron and manganese).
76
Soie Data on Atmospheric Pollution with the
Arsenic from the Smoke Cases of Electric Power
Stations in Rostov Province
BespalOT, A.I.; Bolovina, 7.N.;
P.P.
Kosorotova,
Gigiena I Sanit., 3»(10), 111-2; 1969
SHORE; GASES; POWER PLANTS; COAL; ARSENIC;
THIRHAL ELECTRIC POM BE STATIONS; CHIBHEIS;
DISPERSION ATHOSPERE; AIR
The smoke gases from Rostov Province Electric
Power Stations burn the local coal arsenic. The
concentration of the latter in the breathing zone
at a distance of 1 km exceeds the maximum
permissible concentration. The presently
projected decrease in atmospheric pollution froi
the discharges of thermal electric and state
regional thermal electric power stations by
increasing the height of chimneys (greater
dispersion) will lead to a decrease in the level
and content of arsenic in the surface layer of
the atmosphere.
77
Data on Atmospheric Population by Arsenic from
Flue Gases of Power Plants in the Rostov Region
Bespalov, A.I.; Bolovina, V.N.; Kosoorotova, F.P.
Hyg. Sanit., 3» (10-12), 133-5; 1969
ARSENIC; FLUB GASES; ATHOSPHERE; AIR; POWER
PLANTS; GASES
78
Retention of Cn and Zn by B-montmorillonite
Bingham, F.T.; Page, A.L.; Sims, J.R.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 28(3), 351-354; 196«
COPPER; ZINC; RETENTION; HONTBORILLONITE;: SOILS;
RINEBALS
12
-------
79-86
79
Transport Phenomena
Bird, R.B.; Stewart, B.E.; Lightfoot, E.H.
John Biley 6 Sons. Inc.,; Hew Toik, IT, 155; 1956
TRANSPORT
80
The Uptake of Applied Selenium by Agricultoral
Plants. 1. The Influence of Soil Type and Plant
Species.
Bisbjerg, A.; Gissle-Hielsen, G.; Danish Atomic
Energy Commission, Risde, Denmark
Plant Soil, 31, 287-298; 1969
ABSORPTION; AGRICULTURE; CEREALS; PLANTS; SOILS;
TISSUE; VARIATIONS; POTASSIDH COHPOONDS; SELENIOH
OXIDES; SELENIOH 75; BARLEY; CLOVER; LEGOHINOSAE;
RYE; PLANT UPTAKE
A comparison of plants grown on 6 soils showed
that their ability to take op Se 75 varied by one
order of magnitude when potassium selenate was
the scarce of Se 75 and by a factor of 5 when
selenite was the source. The uptake of selenate
was, on an average, 8 tiles that of selenite.
Five of the 6 soils used were representative of
the greater part of the Danish agricultural area
while one of them was a special case. The effect
of seleninn application was found to be much the
same in the common soils although the
concentration in the plants was sometimes twice
as high on sandy as on loamy soils. For most
areas concentration of Se 75 in the plant was
roughly inversely related to the clay content of
the soil. The Se 75 concentration in the plants
varied with their stage of development. In
barley the concentration was lower in straw and
grain than in the green plant, in mustard it
depended on the oxidation state of the Se. Grain
and seed, in general, contained more Se than the
straw, of 10 plant species the cereals to be
favored by an excess of available Se while at
moderate levels rye grass was a better
accumulator than the clover. Rhent the selenate
addition was increased by a factor of 25, the
plant level of Se 75 increased 70 fold; for
selenite the factor was 50. The application of
0.1 ppH selenite-Se or somewhat less selenate
leads to a useful Se level in plants in pot
experiments. (BBS)
83
Various Qualitative Aspects of the Effect of Soil
Organic Hatter on the Behavior of Artifical
Isotopes in Soils
Bittel, R.; Lehr, J.
Part of Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic
Hatter Studies. Proc. Symp. IAEA 6 FAO, Vienna,
1968, <»97-513) (French); 1969
SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER; RADIOISOTOPES
8 U
Absorption of Arsenate Ions by Chlorella Partial
Reduction of Arsenate to Arsenite
Blasco, F.; Gaudin, C.; Jean jean, 8.
C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. Sci. Nat.
(Paris), 273 (9), 1971, 812-815
AOTORADIOGRAPHY; CENTRIFOGATION; ABSORPTION;
ARSENATE; REDUCTION; ARSENITE
85
Heronry-Complex Intergrades in Smectite
Blatter, C.L.; Dept. Geology, State University of
New York, Bingbampton, NY
Clays Clay Biner. (CCHPA7) , 21(1), 261-3; 1973
HERCORY; SHECTITE; SOILS; HONTHORILLONITE
86
Relationships Between Trace Element Contents and
Other Soil Variables in some Papua New-Guinea
Soils as Shown by Regression Analyses
Bleeker, P.; Austin, H.P.
Aust. J. Soil Res., 8 (2), 1970, 133-1U3
COPPER; ZINC; NICKEL; COBALT; HANGANESE; WATER;
SAND; TRACE ELEHENTS; SOILS
81
Studies on Selenium in Plants and Soils
Bisbjerg, B.
Dan AEC Res. Establ. Hiso Hep. (200), 1-150; 1972
SDLFOR; OPTAKE; ANIHALS; NUTRITION; SELBNATES;
SELENITE; OIIDATION; SELBNIOH; PLANTS; SOILS
82
The Zinc Status of some Nova-Scotia Soils and
Crops
Bishop, S.F.; Bachern, C.R.
Commnn. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal « (1), 1973, H1-50
ZEA-HAYS; AVAILABILITY; SOILS; CHOPS; ZINC
13
-------
87-92
87
The Mobilization of Trace Elements by Aerobically
Decomposing Plant Material Onder Simulated Soil
Conditions.
Bloomfield, C.; Kelso, ».L. ; Piotrowska, M. ;
Bothamsted Exp. Stn., Harpenden, England
Chemy, Ind. , 59-61; 1971
SOILS; OXIDES; IBON; MANGANESE; ZINC; COBiLT;
NICKEL; LEAD; COPPER; AEROBIC: DECOMPOSITION;
HOMOS; MOBILIZATION
The rates were measured at which the oxides of
Fe, (In, Zn, Co, Mi, Pb and Co are dissolTed by
aerobically decomposing plant latter. Fe and Rn
were relatively inactive, bat considerable
amounts of the other elements were mobilized.
The first month of incubation was the period of
•ost active •obilization. The amount of
dissolved Cu decreased sharply daring the second
•onth's incubation, while the Cu content of the
insoluble organic residue increased
correspondingly. The capacity of the soluble
organic decomposition products to dissolve the
various oxides under sterile conditions decreased
as rotting proceeded, except with Cu, with which
the activity of the extracts increased at first
and then decreased rapidly. The activity became
almost negligible long before recognizable humose
matter was formed. Significant amounts of the
metals are fixed by the insoluble organic
residues.
SB
Hodelling the Hovement of Chemicals in Soils in
Water
Boast, C.H.
Soil Sci., 115, (3), 224-230; 1973
ADSOBPTIOR; BIBLIOGRAPHY; HODEL; BBflBI; SOILS;
RATES; LANDFILL STORAGE; CONSUMPTION
69
Migration of Strontium 90 and Cerium 14U ig Soils
of Different Texture
Bochkarev, ?. H.; Antropova, Z.G. ; Belova, T.T.
Soviet Soil Sci. 9, 936-938; 1964
MIGRATION; STRONTIUM 90; CBBIOM 111; SOILS;
STBONTIOH; CERIUM; BADIONOCLIDBS
90
Sorption of Amino-Acids by Copper Hontmorillonite
Bodenheimer, W.; Heller, L.
Clay Miner, 7, 167-176; 1967
SOBPTION; GLOTAHIN ACID; GLTCINB; HBTHIOIIRE;
LTSINB; AHPHOTBR1C; CLAY; COPPER
Sorption of glntamic acid, glycine, methionine
and lysine by copper-montmorillonlte (prepared by
shaking 200g bentonite with 600ml of N Co (N032
solution, centrifuging and drying at 100 degrees
O was studied. The presence of copper enhanced
the sorption of amphoteric and basic amino-acids
by clay, leading to stable amlno acid-copper-clay
associations.
91
Soil Absorption of Air Pollutants
Bohn, H.L.; Dept. of Soils and Water Engineering,
Oniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
J. Environ. Quality, 1(1), 372-377; 1972
NITROGEN; OXYGEN; PHOSPHATE; SULFDB; REVIEW;
HYCBOG8N FLORIDE; FLUORINE; GASES; PHOSPHORUS;
HYDROGEN CHLORIDES; SOLFURIC ACID; PHOSPHORIC
ACID; HITBIC ACID; SOILS; ABSORPTION; NICKEL;
CADHIOH; LEAD; ARSENIC; COPPER; BERYLLIUM; ZINC;
MEHCOBY; SOLFOR DIOIIDE; CABBON HONOriDE;
NITROGEN OXIDE; CHLORINE; OZONE; PEROXYACETYL
NITRATE; HYDROGEN SOLFIDE; HERCAPTANS; ALDEHYDES;
HTCROCABBON
The mechanism and rates of the absorption of
various air pollutants by soil are reviewed with
respect to particulate air pollutants, including
nickel, cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper,
beryllium, zinc, and mercury; and gaseous air
pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, oxidants (chlorine,
ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate), hydrogen
sulfide, mercaptans, aldehydes, hydrocarbons,
fluorine compounds, phosphorus compounds, and
acidic gases and mists (hydrogen chloride,
cnlfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and
hydrogen fluoride). Soils absorb organic
increasing number of nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen,
and sulfur groups in the compound. The
absorption of lower molecular weight and gases
faster and in greater amounts with increasing
molecular weight and increasing number of
nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen, and sulfur groups in
the compound. The absorption of lower molecular
weight and less-substituted organic gases depends
on the buildup of an appropriate microbial
population. The absorption of inorganic air
pollutants is primarily by chemical and physical
means and involves oxidation and other chemical
reactions. (79 references)
92
Fixation of Arsenates by the Soil
Boischot, P.; Hebert, J.
Ann. Agron., 18, 426-41)8; 1948
ARSBNATB; CLAY; PH; FIXATION; CALCAREOUS SOILS;
ADSOBPTION; SOILS
The fixation of arsenic trioxide by clay depends
on the amount of arsenic introduced into the
soil, the duration of the contact, the quality
and nature of the ions combined with the clay and
the pH. In an acid medium fixation is much
slower than in a neutral or alkaline medium.
Fixation by clacareons soils is by adsorption,
not by combination. Humus fixes only a small
proportion of arsenic trioxide in a neutral or
alkaline medium. The fixation is proportional to
the guantity of hamate.
14
-------
93-99
93
Bacterial Dehalogenation of chlorinated Aliphatic
Acid
Bollag, J.H.; Alexander, N.; Penn. State
University, University Park, P»
Soil Biol. Biochem.. 3. 91-96; 1971
ENZYHES; SOILS; DEH ALOGENATION; CHLORINATED
ALIPHATIC ACID; CHLORINE; ALKANOIC ACID
An enzyme extract produced by a strain of
HICBOCOCCDS DBNITRIPICAHS isolated from soil and
grovn on 3-chloropropionic or 3-chlorobntyric
acid vas capable of removing the Cl present in a
number of 3- and 4-C alkanoic acids if the
halogen vas in the beta-position but not if it
vas in the alpha-position. There vas no evidence
of 3-hydroxypropionic acid serving as an
intermediate in the metabolism of
beta-chloropropionic acid.
9U
Bacterial Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Aliphatic
Acids
Bollag, J.H.; Alexander, H.; Penn. State
University, University Park, PA
Soil Biol. Biochem., 3, 91-96; 1971
ENZtBES; SOILS; DEHALOGENATIOM; CHLOBIHATED
ALIPBATIC ACID; CHLORIDE; ALKANOIC ACID
An enzyme extract produced by a strain of
HICROCOCCOS DEHITRIFICANS isolated from soil and
grovn on 3-chloropropionic or 3-chlorobutyric
acid vas capable of removing the Cl present in a
number of 3- and 4-C alkanoic acids if the
halogen vas in the beta-position but not if it
vas in the alpha-position. There vas no evidence
of 3-hydroxy propionic acid serving as an
intermediate in the metabolism of
beta-chloropropionic acid.
concentrations caused by the lining and lead
smelting activity. The area around one lead
smelter shoved anomalous high heavy metal
concentrations for a distrance of several liles.
Other activities, such as the transport of ore
concentrate in open trucks or by railroad, also
act as sources of pollution. Elevated heavy
•etal concentrations in soils vere found to be
•ainly restricted to the humus layer on the
surface of the soil and to the top one inch soil
layer, (lost of the lead found in vegetation
samples vas thought to be present on the surface
of the leaves. Findings should be of technical
value for pollution abatement applications.
96
Dissolution of Galena in the Presence of Fulvic
Acid
Bondarenko, G.P.
Geokhimiya. 5. 631-636; 1968
DISSOLOTIOR; GALENA; PB; FDLVIC ACID;
PRECIPITATION; GEOCHEMICAL MIGRATION; LEAD
Analysis after 60-120 days of galena/fulvic acid
systems adjusted to initial pH values of
2.05-10.6 shoved that small amounts of lead had
entered solution at all pH values. Fulvic acid
(extracted from the humus horizon of a
soddy-podzolic soil) inhibited precipitation of
lead from solutions; geochemical migration of
lead lay occur as a lead-fulvic acid complex.
97
Stability of Soluble Coordination Compounds of
Copper with Humic and Fulvic Acids
Bondarenko, G.P.
Geochemistry Int.,9(«), 702-711; 1972
COPPER; FDLVIC ACID; HOHIC ACIDS
95
Geocheiical and Vegetation Studies of Trace
Substances from Lead Smelting
Bolter, E.; Hemphill, D.D.; iixson, B.; Butherus,
D.; Chen, R.; University of Hissouri, Bolla and
Columbia, HO
Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Sixth Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Reid at Memorial Onion, University of
Missouri-Columbia. Columbia, HO, June 13-15, 1972
SOILS; PLANTS; LEAD; ZINC; COPPER; CADHIOH;
HANGARESB; SOL POP; SHELTERS; LEAVES; AIR; GALENA;
SPHALERITE; TREES; X-RAI FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS;
ATONIC ABSORPTION SPBCTROPHOTOHBTHY; DEPTH
VARIATIONS; ROOTS; TRANSLOCATION; FOLIAR
APPLICATION; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS; HOHUS
Several hundred soil and vegetation samples from
the "Viburnum Trend" or "Nev Lead Belt" of
Southeast Hissonri vere analyzed for lead, zinc,
copper, cadmium, manganese and total sulfur to
determine natural background concentrations and
to delineate areas of anomalous high
98
Investigations on the Metal Binding Ability of
Soil and Uicrobial Hnmic Acid Using Cadmium,
Copper, and Lead Ion Electrodes
Bondietti, E.A.; Sweeton, P.H.
Agronomy Abstracts 1973, Annual Meetings
American Society Agronomy, Las Vegas, Nev., p.
89; 1973
METAL BINDING; HUMIC ACIDS; CADMIUH; COPPER;
LEAD; SOILS
99
The Onderground Migration of Radionuclides
Produced in Soil Near High Energy Proton
Accelerators
Borak, T.B.; Avschalom, H.; Fairman, ».; Ivami,
F.; Sedlet, J.
Health Phys. 23(5), 679-687; 1972
BADIOHOLIDES; PROTON ACCELERATORS; GROUND HATER;
HINBBALS; TRANSPORT; SOILS; IRON 55; IBON 59;
COBALT 60; SCANDIUM 16; VANADIOH OB; CHROMIUM 51;
MANGANESE 5<4; TRITIUM; BERYLLIUM 7; SODIUH 22;
CALCIUM 45
15
-------
100-106
100
The Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
Experiments Using Sevage Sludge Garbage Composts
as Fertilizers
Borneff, J.; Farkasdi, C.; Glathe, H.; Kunte, B.;
Inst. Landvirtschaft Bikrobiol., Dni». Giessen
Zbl. Bakt. Reihe B, 157/2-3 (151-16H); 1973
PAH; SOILS; AROBATIC HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBONS;
SEWAGE SLODGE; GARBAGE COHPOST; POLYCYCLIC;
FERTILIZERS; HAHnBE; HIHERAL FERTILIZER; CROPS;
REDOCTIOH; PLANTS; ROOTS
The influence of different fertilizers (sewage
sludge/garbage compost, manure, mineral
fertilizer) on the concentration of
polycyclic/aromatic hydrocarbons (PAR) in soil
and crops vas investigated in field experiments
and in pots. The fertilizers were applied in
quantities used in agricultural practice, that
is, 80 to 100 tons of coipost, or 30 tons of
manure, or 150 leg, Nitrophos per hektare
(approximately 2.5 acres) . Relatively high
concentrations of PAB were found in all organic
fertilizers, including Manure, although the
different samples varied considerably in their
content, with manure up to the factor 10. The
compost treated soils showed a larked increase of
PAH according to the high content of the
composts. In the soil treated with manure the
increase was less, bat it last be considered,
that calculated as dry substance the quantity of
manure applied had been only 1/10 of the compost.
In the couse of the experiments concentrations
of PAH in the soil varied; in some cases
increasing and in others decreasing. It seems
probable that licrobial synthesis and reduction
processes are involved. Regarding the plants,
which were cultivated on these soils, the PAB
content appeared to be related to the content in
the soil only in the roots, and of these only in
the outer layer. In one single case an increase
in concentration was found in the inner portion
of the root. The proportion of edible plants
which might possibly be affected (for example,
radish, carrot) is, however, very small. As
nearly all plant products ingested with edible
roots which were grown soils treated with sevage
sludge garbage compost does not enhance the
health hazard to man. Nevertheless further
monitoring studies are considered desirable.
101
Cancer Due to Benzpyrene in natural Soils
Bornett, J.; Kunte, B.; Farkasdi, C.; Glathe, H.;
Hygiene Institute, University of Bainx, Hainx,
Germany
UHSCHAO(OBSCAS), 73(20), 626-628; 1973
BENZOPYBENE; PLARTS; SOILS; COBPOST; CANCER
102
Chelating Effort of Organic Hatter and Its
Influence on the Higratlon of Fission Products in
Soils
Bovard, P.; Granby, A.; Saas, A.
Part of Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic
natter studies. Proc. Symp. IAEA S FAO, Vienna,
1968, (H71-195) ; 1969
CHELATES; ORGANIC HATTER; SOILS; MIGRATION;
FISSI01I PRODUCTS
103
Trace Elements in Biochemistry
Bowen, H.J.n.
Academic Press, London, 211p.; 1966
UPTAKE; BICRETION; ORGAHISHS; DEFICIENCY;
FUNCTIONS; TRACE ELEBENTS; BIOGEOCHEHISTHY; SOILS
Includes chapter 3, composition of soil; 5,
elementary composition of organisms and their
parts; 6, uptake and excretion of elements by
organisms; 7, essentiality, deficiency, toxicity
of elements; 8, functions of essential elements;
12, summary of available data on biogeochemistry
of trace elements
Trace Elements in Biochemistry
Bowen, H.J.H.; Department of Chemistry, The
University, Reading, England
Academic Press, Hew lork and London, 2U1 p.; 1966
SOIL COBPOSITION; ELEHEMT CYCLES; TRACE BLEBTHS;
BIOLOGICAL FHACTIOHATIOH; ISOTOPES; NATURAL
RADIOACTIVITY.; AIR; WATER; PLANTS; ANIMALS;
REVIEW; HETiLS; SOILS; CYCLES
A comprehensive summary of the data of inorganic
biochemistry. It begins with a brief review of
the origin of the elements and their occurrence
in rocks, soils, the ocean and the atmosphere.
The elementary composition of plants and animals
is discussed next, together with quantitative
data on elementary cycles involving living
organisms. Other chapters are concerned with the
uptake and excretion of elements, their
essentiality and toxicity, and the occurrence of
essential elements in enzymes and other molecules
of biochemical interest. There are chapters on
the natural radioactivity of organisms, and on
the contamination of the environment by both
radioactive and non-radioactive elements. A
special feature is the final chapter which
summarizes the data available for the occurrence
and behaviour of 90 elements in the Biosphere.
105
Nutrient and Radionnclide Cycling
Brady, D.
(OCLA—12-919, PP 13-51) 1973; 1973
RADI010CLIDBS; CYCLING; NUTRIENTS; NUTRIENT
CYCLING; RADIONUCLIDE CYCLING
106
Vertical Distribution of Fission Elements in Some
Types of Soils in the USSR
Brandakov, V.F.; Dibbseva, A.V.; Svishchava,
V.I.; Churkin, V.N.
Atomic Energy (USSR) 25, 331-32; 1968
DISTRIBUTION; FISSION PRODUCTS; SOILS; VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION
16
-------
107-115
107
Land Reclamation and River Pollution Problems in
the Croal Valley Caused by Haste from chromate
Ranufactare
Breeze, V.G.
J. Appl. Ecol., 10(2), 513-525; 1973, August
CHEHICAL ANALYSIS; CHEHICAL INDUSTRIES; ALLIED
INDOSTRIES; CROPS; PLANTS; CHROHIOH; CBEHICAL
RASTE; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
IONS; CHROHATE; SOILS; HECLAHATION
Soil layers over chromate tips are only
successful if deep. Chromic ions are less toxic
than chromate ions, oving to compound formation,
suggesting reclamation by chemical redaction of
the chromate.
108
Hetallo-organic Complexes in Soil
Bremner, N.
Nature (London) 158, 790-91; 19i»6
ORGANOHETALLICS; SOILS; COHPLEIES
109
Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Retal Equilibrium in
the Soil, Associated vith Coffee Plant Response
to Potassium
Briceno, J.A.; Carvajal, J.F.; Fac. Agron., Oniv.
Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
TURRIALBA (TDRRAB) , 23(1), 56-71; 1973
HETALS; EQUILIBRIUM; SOILS; COFFEE; POTASSIOH;
CALCIUH; HAGNESIQR; EARTH HETALS; SOILS; PLANTS
110
Soil Organic Hatter-Hetal Compleies. 2.
Cation-Exchange Chromatogcaphy of Copper and
Calcium Complexes
Broadbent, P.E.
Soil Sci., 8«, 127-131; 1957
CHRORATOGRAPHI; COPPER; CALCIOH; ORGANIC HATTER;
LEACHING; CAHBOXTL RETENTION; SOILS; CATION
EXCHANGE
Soil organic matter in the acid form vas covered
vith a thin layer of a similar sample saturated
with Cu»2 or calcium. Curves describing the
relationship between the volume of effluent
obtained by leaching with BC1 and the copper and
calcium concentrations of the effluent are given.
Four maxima occur with copper and two with
calcium. The broad initial maximum common to all
the chromatograms is due to carboxyl retention.
111
Soil Organic Hatter-Hetal Complexes 1. Factors
Affecting Retention of Various Cations
Broadbent, F.E.; Ott, J.B.
Soil Sci., 83, K19-H27; 1957
RETENTION; ORGANIC HATTER; LOAH; HEADOI SOIL;
PEAT; CHELATES; PH; COPPER; IRON; HAIGANESB;
FDLVIC ACID; SOILS; LEACHING; CALCIUH; HAGNBSIDH;
BARIDN; CATION EXCHANGE; HBADOUS
Organic matter samples were prepared by treating
the fine fraction of a gravelly loam, meadow soil
and subsoil of peat with HC1-HF. The fulvic
fraction, obtained by extracting the sample with
alkali in a nitrogen atmosphere and precipitating
the humic acid with HC1, was mixed with an egual
volume of dilute CuSOl and the spectral
distribution curves and optical densities at 360
and 650 microns were determined by
spectrophotometry. The results produced evidence
of chelate formation by the soluble fraction of
soil organic matter. Rhen small samples of
organic matter were leached with dilute solutions
of acetate of Cu + 2, Fe*2 and Hn*2 (in this
decreasing order of retention) of FeC13 in
increasing concentrations of 5 x 10 (-U) H and
more, the amount of complex formed varied with
the concetration of the cation and the pH of the
solution. Complex formation was rapid and
cations retained after contact for one hour only
slightly exceeed those retained after 5 minutes.
Rhen the organic preparations were saturated with
various cations, eguilibrated with an eguivalent
amount of BC1 and the quantity of displaced
cations determined, retention values showed the
order: copper greater than barium eguals calcium
greater than or equal to magnesium. Symmetry
values showed the copper complex to be the most
stable for the preparations from mineral soil and
the barium complex the most stable for the
peat-soil complexes.
112
Rolybdenum and Copper in Irish Pasture Soils
Brogan, J.C.; Fleming, G.A.; Byrne, J.E.
Ir. J. Agric. Res. 12 (1), 1973, 71-81
HOLYBDENOH; COPPER; SOILS; PASTURES
113
Soil Sterilization and Hinor Element Hobilization
Bronsart, H.
Bull. German Plant Protection Service 1, 115-116
(G); 1917
TRACE ELEHENTS; SOILS; ROBILIZATION; SOIL
STERILIZATION
111)
Zinc Relationships in Aiken Clay Loam
Brown, A.L.
Soil Sci. 69, 3U9-358; 1950
ZINC; CLAT; LOAH; SOILS
115
Effect of Liming on the Availability of Zinc and
Copper
Brown, A.L.; Jurinak, J.J.
Soil Sci., 98, 170-173; 196U
LI BUG; ZINC; COPPER
17
-------
116-125
116
Zinc-Phosphorous Interactions as Measured by
Plant Response and Soil Analysis
Brown, A.L.; Kroutz, B.A.; Eddings, J.I.
Soil Sci. 110(6), 015-»20; 1970
ZINC; PHOSPHOBOS; PLANTS; SOILS
122
Sepiolite Content of the Soil ID Regions with
Endemic Pleiiral Calcifications
BnrilkoT, T.; Hichailova, L.
Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed. , 29(2), 1972, 95-101
ROBAIS: SILICATES; ASBESTOS; AHTHOPHYLLITE;
TRENOLITB; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOILS
117
Leaching of Added Selemium From Alkaline Soils as
Influenced by Sulfate
Brown, B.J.; Carter, D.L.
Soil Science Society of America Proc., 33,
563-565; 1969
LEACHING; SELFSIOH; ALKALINE SOILS; SOLFATES;
SOILS
123
Distribution of Beayy Bet a Is in the Vicinity of
an Industrial Complex
Burkitt, A.; Lester, P.; Nickless, G.
nature (London) 238, 327-328; 1972
DISTRIBUTION; HEAVY METALS; IKDOSTBT
118
Contamination of Soil and Vegetation Near a Zinc
Shelter by Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, and Lead
Bochauer, B.J.; Institute of Hicrobiology,
Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ
Environmental Science and Technology (ESTHAG)
7(2) , 131-5; 1973
ZINC SHELTER; VEGETATION; CONTABINATION; SOILS;
CADBIUB; COPPER; LEAD; ZINC
119
Solubility Products and Entropies of Sulfides,
Selinides and Tellurides
Buketor, E.A.; Ogorets, B.Z. ; Pashinkin, A.S
Buss. Journ. Inorg. Chem. 9, 272-29*;196U
SOLFIDE; SELINIDES; TELLORIDES; SOLOBILITY
PRODOCTS; ENTROPIES
1214
BADIONOCLIDE CYCLING IB TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONHENTS.
Carfagno, D.; Bestendorf, ».
(ORNL—1|8«8, PP 1-8) FEB 1973.; FEB 1973.
RADIONOCLIDE CYCLING; CYCLING; RADIONOCLIDBS;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEB
125
Effects of Soil Applied Herbicides and Calciui on
Bineral Composition of Pea-D Pisa«-Sativu«-D
Carolus, R.L.; Putnam, A.R.; Ruiz, fl.R.
Hortscience, 6(3 Sec. 2), 1971, 278
SIBAZINE; DINOSEB; DICBLOBENIL; TRIFLURALIN;
NITROGEN; POTASSIDB; BAGNESIDH; SODIDH; IRON;
BABGASESB; COPPER; ZINC; PERMEABILITY; ENZYMES;
ACTIVE TRANSPORT; PEAS
120
Dissolution of Sparingly Soluble Salts by Soil
Organic Matter
Bunzl, K.; Sansoni, B.; Inst. Strahlenschotz,
Ges. Strahlen- Ond Omveltforsch. fl.B.H. Muenchen,
Nenherberg/Bunich, Ger.
Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk. (ZPBOAL) 1972,
133(1-2) , 132-B3; 1972
SOILS; ORGANIC BATTER; SALTS; DISSOLUTION; PEAT;
HOMIC ACIDS; STHONTIOH; SOLFATES; HDBATB; LEAD;
BARIOB
121
Asbestos Content of the Soil and Endemic Pleural
Asbestosis
Burilkov, T. ; Hichailova, L.
En»iron. Res.. 3(5-6), 1970, U«3-«51
HUHANS; ASBESTOS; SOILS
18
-------
126-131
126
Seasonal Abundance of Certain Soil Arthropods In
a Penitrothion-Treated Red Spruce stand
Carter, N.E.; Brown, H.R.; Fac. Tor., Univ.
N.B. . Fredericton, N.B., Canada
Can. Entomol., 105(8), 1065-1073; 1973
PAONA; RED SPRUCE; FENIT8OTHION; CENTIPEDES;
SPIDERS; ARTHROPODS; SOIL FAUNA; INSECT; SOUS
Certain arthropod predator elements of the soil
faana of a mature red spruce PICEA ROBEMS SARG.
stand were studied. It presents differences
between abundance 2 year prior to and 1 year
after aerial spraying with fenitrothion at 2 and
3 ounces per acre, one species of centipede
ESCARTOS sp., PSEODOSCOBPION HICROBISIOH sp., and
2 species of harvestmen LEIOBONUR CALCAR and 1.
BICOLOR were noted in fever numbers during the
year of spraying. Higher numbers occurred the
following year. Spiders of the family ERIGONIDAE
shoved no Barked difference in numbers during the
coarse of the study, dost other spiders were
encountered in reduced numbers during the spray
year bat rebounded next year. Apparently,
fenitrothion does cause temporary reduced
abundance of at least some predacious arthropod
components of the soil fauna. The effect of such
changes in the insect community on soil processes
remains unknown; even more so, the influence of
repeated annual applications of fenitrothion
remains undetermined.
127
Zinc
Carter, R.L.; Coastal Plain Expt. Sta., Tifton,
Ge orgia
Borgia Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. 126, 52-78; 196U
PHOSPHATES; ORGAHIC HATTER; GEOCHEHISTBI; ZINC;
SOILS; PH; ZINC DEFICIENCY; HANUBE; COLLOIDS;
PLANTS; CROPS; CHLOROPHYLL; LEAVES; CLATS
The total content of zinc in soils is generally
low in comparison vith other essential elements.
The soils contain on the average 10 to 300 parts
per million of total zinc and less than 1 part
per million of exchangeable zinc. The
availability of zinc to plants was examined under
variable environmental soil conditions. Its
availability is affected by various factors: (a)
it decreases as the pH of the soil rises, the
critical point being between 5.5-6.5; (b) zinc
deficiency frequently occurs in soils abnormally
high in soluble and total phosphate and in soils
rich in organic matter (for example, farm
manure) ; (c) colloidal clays have a definite
absorption capacity for zinc. Zinc is an
essential element for normal growth of many
plants and crops. Its deficiency is
characterized by a retardation of normal growth
and lack of chlorophyll in the leaves. The
deficiency can be corrected by incorporation of
zinc salt in the soil. However, the response of
crops to zinc application depends on soil type,
being positive on certain soils and insignificant
on others. CA, 63 12262(1965)
128
Effect of Fertilizer Anions on the Solubility of
Native and Applied Selenium in Soil
Gary, E.E.; Gissel-Nielsen, G.
Soil Sci. Soc. A». Proc., 37(0), 1973, 590-593
NITRATE; PHOSPHATES; SOLFATES; INTERACTIONS;
FERTILIZERS; SOLUBILITY; SBLENIOS; AHIONS
129
Reactions of Selenate-Selenium Added to Soils
that Produce Low-Selenium Forages
Gary, E.E. ; »ieczorik, G.A.; Allavay, ».H.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 31, 21-26; 1967
SELENATES; SELENIUM; SOILS; FORAGE
130
Biodehalogenation. Reductive Dehalogenation of
the Biocides Ethylene Dibromide,
1, 2-Dibro«o-3-Chloropropane, and
2,3-Dibromobutane in Soil
Castro, C.E.; Belser, N.O.; Department of
Nematology, University of California, Riverside,
CA 92502
Environmental Science and Technology, 2(10),
779-83; 1968, October
DIBROBIDES:ETBYLENE DIBROHIDE;
1.2-DIBROHO-3-CHLOHOPOBPANE; 2 ,3-DIBBOHOBUTANES;
BIOCIDES; ETHYLENE; N-EROPANOL; BOTENES; SOILS;
HATER; BIODEHALOGENATION; DEHALOGENATION
Soil-water cultures reductively dehalogenate the
vicinal dibromides: ethylene dibromide,
1,2-dibromo-3-chloroporpane, and the
2,3-dibromobutanes. The products of the
conversion of these widely employed soil
biocides, ethylene, n-propanol, and bntenes,
respectively, and the scope, nature, and speed of
the processes have been outlined.
131
Organic Sequestering Agents
Chaberek, S.; Kartell, A.E.
John iiley & Sons, New York; 1959
OBGANICS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS
19
-------
132-139
132
Translocatiou of BHC from Soil to Andropogon
Sorghum (JOKAR) and its Influence on the Uptake
of Nutrients
Chawala, H.P.; Chopra, S.L.
J. Res. Punjab Agric. Oniv. 6, 952-958; 1969
THANSLOCATION; BHC; SOILS; UPTAKE; SORGHOH;
ANDROPOGON; CROPS; PBOSPROROS; POTASSIOH; PLANTS;
PH; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; CAHBON
BHC was translocated into the crop. K and t
uptake by the plants was affected by 10« BHC
dust. BHC did not affect the pH, electrical
conductivity, organic C, cation-exchange capacity
or available nutrients of the soil.
133
Lead, Arsenic and Copper Content of Crops Grown
on Lead Arsenate-Treated and Untreated Soils
Chisholm, D.
Can. J. Plant Sci., 52(U) , 583-588; 1972
LEAD; AFSEHIC; COPPER; CHOPS; ABSORPTION;
RESIDUES; PLANTS
Increased lead and arsenic concentrations in the
surface soil (0-15 c»), resulting fro*
applications of lead arsenate (PBHASOU),
increased both lead and arsenic levels in crops
grown on treated plots. The lead levels in some
crops approached or exceeded the Canadian residue
tolerance of 2.0 ppm. PBHAS04 soil treatments did
not affect copper absorption by crops. On areas
such as old orchard land contaminated with
PBHASO4 residues it may be advisable to ascertain
the soil lead status before planting certain
crops, and also to determine the lead affinity
and arsenic sensitivity of the plants to be grown.
134
Persistence and Effects of some Pesticides in Soil
Chisholm, D.; HacPhee, A.W. ; Research Station,
Canada Dept. of Agriculture, Kentville, Nova
Scotia, Canada
J. Econ. Entomol., 65(4), 1972, 1010-1013; 1972
BEANS; FAUNA; DDT; BBC; ARSENIC; CHLOBDANE;
SOLFOR; FEHBAH; PABATBION; CROPS; NITROGEN; SANDY,
LOA8; LOAM; COLLBHBOLAN; PESTICIDE; PERSISTENCE
DDT significantly decreased the yield of beans in
a sandy loan 16 years after application. Bore
than SOX of applied DDT and arsenic remained in
the soil for 15 and 16 years, respectively.
Traces of parathion were detected 10 years after
application. Arsenic and DDT significantly
decreased the N content of bean leaves. The
collembolan population was higher in DDT-treated
plots than on check plots 6 years after
application.
135
Adsorption and Leaching of Parathion
0-0,Di-Ethyl-0-P-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate on
Soils and Effect of Various Physical Factors on
Adsorption
Chopra. S.L.; Das, N.; Das, B.; Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 18(4), 1970, 437-446;
1970
SOILS; ADSORPTION; LEACHING; PAHATHION; PH;
CATIONS; HIDBOGEN; CALCIOH; SODIOH; POTASSIDB;
HAGNESIUH; MOBILITY
The adsorption of parathion increased with
increase in concentration, rise in activation
temperature, lowering of pH and increase in
organic matter content. Adsorption by homoionic
soils was directly related to the percentage
saturation by various cations with adsorption
decreasing in the order: B» greater than Ca2+
greater than Ilg2+ greater than K+ greater than
Na+. Parathion mobility, and therefore leaching,
was greater in light than heavy soils.
136
Separated Power Station light Ashes with the
Content of Arsenic Compounds in the System Soil
Plant
Chrenekova, E. ; Holobrady, K.
Pol' Nohospodarstvo 16(1), 1970, 34-44
POiER PLANTS; ASB; ARSENIC; SOILS; PLANTS
137
Zinc Diffusion and Distribution Coefficients in
Soil as Affected by Soil Texture, Zinc
Concentration and pR
Clark, A.L.; Graham, E.R.
Soil Sci. 105, 409-418; 1968
ZINC; PH; CONCENTRATION; SOILS; DIFFUSION;
DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS
138
Cadmium in the Environment - An Annotated
Bibliography
Copenhaver, E.D.; Olrikson, G.O.; Newman, L.T.;
Fulkerson, R.
Oak Ridge, National Laboratory, ORNL - E15-73-17,
«51 p.
CADHIOH; TRANSPORT; BIBLIOGRAPHY.
139
Soil Contamination by Airborne Betallic Dust
Particles and its Effect on Plants in the Sudbnry
Basin Ontario
Costescu, L.H.; Hntchinson, T.C.
Am. J. Sot., SB (5 part 2), 481; 1971
CABBAGES; TOHATOES; RADISHES; LBTTOCE; AIR;
BIOASSAY; NICKEL; COPPER: COBALT; IRON; SOILS'
PB; DUSTS; PLANTS
20
-------
140-146
140
The Ecological Consequences of Soil Foliation by
Metallic Dust from the Sudbury Shelters
Costescu, L.H.; Hutchinson, T.C.; Dept. of Botany
and Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Toronto. Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
Part of proceedings of the 18th meeting.
Environmental Progress in Science and education,
540-545; 1972
SHELTERS; DOSTS; AIB; COPPER; RICKBL; IBOR;
COBALT; SILVEB; PLATIROB; GOLD; SOLFU8; SBLBRIOB;
IHDDSTBIAL EHISSIORS; SOLFOB DIOIIDE; TREES;
LEAD; ABSERIC; SOILS; ATOBIC ABSOBPTIOR
SPECTBOPHOTOBETBT; LEAVES; BAIHFALL; PB;
COHDOCTIVITI; STACK EBISSIORS; P ARTICULATES;
ZINC; HARGARBSB; DOSTFALL; BOOT GBOBTH; SEED
GEBRIRATIOH; ALOBIROB; NITBATE; SOLFATES;
LETTOCB; TOHATOES; INDUSTRY; DOSTS
While Sudbury has had a severe air pollution
problem kith S02, the contamination of the area
by metallic dust has been overlooked. Extensive
soil contamination has occurred over a vide area.
Soil levels of such pollutants as nickel and
copper have, both in theory and in practice, been
found to be toxic to test species. The soil
contamination has a pattern indicative of an
airborne smelter source. The metallic pollution
is a continuing phenomenon. Elevated levels of
nickel can be detected up to 31 miles from the
smelter, toxic water soluble nickel levels to 10
miles. The patterns of metal pollution are
reflected in the excessive levels of the smelted
metals in resistant vegetation close to the
smelter. Heavy metals are persistent in soils -
the ecological consequences to date are perhaps
only masked by the SO2 damage.
142
Exchange of Zinc, Banganese, Copper, and Iron in
Relation to Saturation of the Soil Complex
Cottenle, A.; Kiekens, L-; Fac. Agric. Sci.,
State Univ. Gent, Ghent, Belgium
Potassium Soil, Proc. Colloq. Int. Potash Inst.,
9th(26»FAO) 1972, 113-23; 1972
TBACE ELBBBNTS; SOILS; HACB010TBIEITS; SOBPTIOR
143
Polyphenols in Plant, Romas, and Soil. 2.
Bednction and Transport by Polyphenols of Iron in
Nodel Soil Columns
Coolson, C.B.; Davies, B.I.; Lewis, D.A.
J. Soil Sci. 11, 30-44; 1960
IBOH; POLYPHBROL; PHENOLS; PLANTS; HOBOS; SOILS;
BBDOCTIOR; TBARSPOBT; SOIL COLOBR; BODBLS; BODEL
SOIL COLON US
144
Polyphenols in Plant, Humus, and Soil. I.
Polyphenols of Leaves, Litter, and Superficial
Humus from Hull and Borsites
Conlson, C.B.; t>avies, B.I.; Levis, D.A.
J. Soil Sci., 11, 20-29; 1960
POLTPBBHOL; PLANTS; HOBOS; SOILS; LEAVES; LITTEH;
PBEROLS
141
Effect of Soil Enrichment vith Mineral Elements
and Fertilizers on Surface Hater and Plants
Cottenie, A.; Faculty Agronony Sciences, Ghent,
Belgium
Qual. Plant. Bater. Veg., 22(1), 37-53; 1972
PLARTS; PH; SOIL HOISTOBE; SOIL ENRICHBBRT; TBACE
ELEBERTS; FERTILIZERS; LI HIKG; PLANTS; SOILS
Observations indicate that intensive use of solid
fertilizers may result in a certain accumulation
of nutrient elements in the soil and an
enrichment of soil water with these elements.
This type of contamination, however, is less
important than soil and plant pollution vith
external sources of trace elements, which can
lead to toxic accumulations in plants and yield
depressions. An accurate identification of such
situation is possible using simple pot
experiement techniques. The most effective way
for immobilizing an excess of unwanted trace
elements in light textured soils, is a
consistant increase of soil pH by liming.
145
Determination of the Stability Constants of
Betallo-Organic Complexes in Soils
Courpron, C.
Annls. Agron. 18, 623-638; 1967
STABILITY CORSTARTS; HOBIC ACIDS; SOILS; COPPER;
ZIRC; FOLYIC ACID; ORGANIC BATTEB;
OBGAHONBTALLICS; HEATH ECOSISTBB; BETERTIOR
Spectrophotometric and ion-exchanqe techniques
were nsed to determine the stability constants of
complexes formed between copper or zinc with
fulvic or humic acid extracts from the A(o)
horizon of a podzol characteristic of
moist-heathland sandy soils. Besults show higher
stability constants for organic matter-copper
than for organic matter-zinc complexes,
suggesting that in humus-rich soils copper would
be retained more strongly than zinc.
146
Effect of Phosphate and Other Anions on
Trimethylarsine Formation by CARDIDA HOBICOLA
Cox, D.P.; Alexander, B.; Dep. Agron., Cornell
Oniv., Ithaca, R. T.
Appl. Bicrobiol. (APBBAt) 1973, 25(3), 408-13; 1973'
HETHILABSIHB; PHOSPHATES; ABSERIC; BETABOLITE;
SOILS; BICBOBBS; PESTICIDES
21
-------
147-155
117
concentration of Heavy Metals tn Soils With and
without Tilling
Croessmann, G.; Joseph Koenig Inst.,
Landwirtschaft. Ontecs. Forschangsanst.
LandwirtschaftsKammer Bestfael. lippe,
Muenster/Hestf. , Germany
Staub Heinhalt. Luft (STBHAV) , 31(1), 22-23; 1971
METALS; SOILS; TILLAGE; ZINC; CADNIUfl;
CONCENTRATION; HEAVY METALS •
118
Migration of Pollutants in a Glacial Ontvash
Environment
Crosby. J.B.; Johnstone, D.L.; Drake, C.H.;
Fenton, R.L.
Rater Resources Res.. 1(5), 1095-1111; 1968, Oct.
BIOCONVEBSION; SAMPLING; SEBAGE; SOILS; SUSPENDED
SOLIDS; UNDEBGROUND AQUIFERS; BASTES; BATES;
PERMEABILITY; BASTE COMPOSITION; MIGRATION;
GLACIAL OOTB1SB; OOTBASH
Test drillings, neutron, gamma-gamma and natural
gamma logging and chemical and bacteriological
analysis show that 50 feet of soil removes
bacteria, and lateral water movement is probably
high.
119
The Utilization and Consumption of Hercury in
France Outline of the Resulting Bealth Problems
Cumont, G.
Reel. Bed. Vet. EC. Alfort., 118 (l»). 1972, 127-112
AIR; BATER; SOILS; FOODS; OTILIZATIOH;
CONSUMPTION; NEBCURY
150
Cycling and Control of Metals
Carry, (I.G.; Cigliotti, G.H.; National
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH
Proceedings of Environmental Resources
Conference, Columbus, OR, Oct. 31-Nov. 2, 1972.
Environmental Protection Agency, Hashington, DC,
national Science Foundation, Hashington, DC,
Battelle Columbus Labs. Columbus, OH. Report Ho.
BBBC-C-CP-73-1 ; Monitoring Agency Beport. Ho.
18; PB-216 181/2. 187p.
151
The Environmental Rercnry Problem
D'ltri, F.H.
The Environmental Hercury Problem, The Chemical
Rubber Co.; Cleveland, OH, 121 p.; 1972
HEBCOBT
152
The Biotransformation of Organomercury Compounds
Daniel, J.B.
Biochem. J. 130(2), 61P-65P; 1972
BIOTRANSFORHATION; OHGANOMERCUHIALS;
MICROORGANISMS; BATS; LIVBB; FUNGICIDES; SOILS;
HEBCUBY
153
Influence of Air Movement on Persistence of EPTC
on Soil
Danielson, L.L.; Gentner, B.A.
Beeds, 12, 92-94; 1964
AIB B07EHEHT; PERSISTE»CE; EPTC; AIR; SOILS
151
Trace Metal Content of Soils Affected by Base
Metal Mining in the Best of England
Davies, B.E.; Dept. of Geography, University
College of Bales
Oikos (Copenhagen), 22, 366-72; 1971
TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; PASTORS SOILS; GARDEN
SOILS; COBALT; IBON; MANGANESE; CADMIOH; COPPER;
LEAD; SILVER; ZINC; MINES; MINE SPOILS; ATOMIC
ABSORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOHETRT; NICKEL; ASH; SEBAGE
SLODGE; DANUBE; DISEASES; CANCER; MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
The lower part of the Tamar Valley district of
vest Devon and east Cornwall is mineralized and
there was extensive base metal mining in the
nineteenth century. Soil samples were collected
frcm pastures and gardens within and without the
mineralized area. There was no regional
differentiation for cobalt, iron and manganese.
But within the mineralized area cadmium, copper,
lead, silver and zinc contents of 11 per cent of
pasture soils were abnormally high compared with
the controls: this is ascribed to contamination
by buried lodes and mine spoil. Most garden
soils also contained anomalously high amounts of
heavy metals but these may arise by processes
other than mine pollution. Levels of
acetic-soluble (that is, plant available) metals
correlated significantly with the corresponding
total contents. These results may be significant
in relation to certain diseases.
155
Lead Contamination of Roadside Soil and Grass in
Birmingham, England, in Relation to Naturally
Occurring Levels
Davies, B.B.; Holmes, P.L.; Oniversity College of
Bales, Aberystvyth, United Kingdom
Journal of Agricultural Science, 79(3), 179-484;
1972
LEAD; SOILS; GRASSES; RUNOFF; ROADSIDE SOJLS
22
-------
156-164
156
Retention of Low Levels of Copper by Hmic Acid
Davies. p.I.; chceshire, H.V.; Graha»-Bryce, I.J.
J. Soil Sci., 20, 65-71; 1969
COPPER; HOBIC ACIDS; RETENTION; SOILS
161
Toxicity and Movement of Heavy Hetals in
Serpentinic Soils (Northeastern Portugal)
De Segueira, E.H.
Agronomic Loslt., 30, 115-151; 1968
HEAVY HETALS; SERPENTINE SOILS; SOILS
157
Chemical Nature of the Copper Complexes in Peat
Soils and Plants
Davson, J.E.; Hair, C.K.
Part of Copper Metabolism, B.O. HcElroy and B.
Glass, (Eds.), John Hopkins Press, Baltimore, ad.
(JPH), (315-335); 1950
PEAT; SOILS; PLANTS; COPPEB; COHPLEIBS; CHEHISTBY
158
Horticulture and Pollution
Day, B.E.
Hort. Science 5(1), 237-239; 1970
SOILS; SATER; AIR; PESTICIDES; SALINITY;
HORTICOLTDHE
159
Evolution of Soil Micro Flora as a Function of
its Zinc and Lead Concentration
De Leval, J.; Demonty, J.
Rev. Ecol. Blol. Sol., 9(3), 991-50H; 1972
SOILS; HICROFLORA; ZINC; LEAD; EVOLOTION
160
Evolution of the Soil Hicroflora as a Function of
Zn and Pb Concentrations.
De Leval, J.; Demonty, J.; Dniversite de Liege
Sart-Tilman, 1000-Liege, Belgium
Bevue d'Ecologie et de Biologie dn Sol., 9,
U91-50U; 1972
LEAD; ZINC; INDOSTRIAL EFFLOEIITS; FALLOUT;
VEGETATION; PLANTS; HICBOBIOtOGY; HICROFLOBA;
HICROORGANISHS
On land where the original ARBBBRATHERDH ELATIDS
population had been gradually destroyed by
industrial pollution (fall-out of Zn and Pb) and
replaced by resistant AGBOSTIS species, chemical
and biological studies shoved that vegetation
affected microbiological activity lore than did
soil contamination by Zn and Pb. Reduced
•icrobiological activity was observed in soil
under dead A. ELATI OS, but an active licroflora
adapted to the ne* biotope had developed under
AGBOSTIS, shoving the importance of the
rhizosphere and the adaptability of the
micro-organisms.
162
Sorption and Desorption Characteristics of
Malachite Green on Kaolinite
De, S.K.; Das Kannngo, J.L.; Chakravarti, S.K.;
Dep. Chei., Oniv. North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. (JINSA4) 1973, 21(2),
137-U1; 1973
HALCBITE GBEEN; DESOBPTIOM; KAOLINITE; CATIONS;
HALACBITE
163
Ultimate-Disposal of Baste-Sater Concentrates to
the Environment
Dean, B.B.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2(12), 1079-1086; 1968,
December
DISPOSAL; HASTBHATEB; HATEB; HASTES
161
Hobility of Trace Elements in Deltas (A Study of
Pedogenesis Relevant to Availability Problems)
DeGroot, A.J.
Trans. Meet. Conns II 6 IV, int. Soc. Soil Sci.,
19, 267-279; 1967
DECOBPOSITIOH; BIVEBS; TRACE ELEMENTS; DELTA;
SOILS; IRON; COPPER; COBALT; MANGANESE; RATER;
BIVER DELTAS; HOBOS
Deltaic sediments can alter their trace-element
composition by mobilization of these elements as
soluble metallo-organic complexes, the
mobilization depending on the element, (iron less
than copper greater than cobalt greater than
manganese) , and on the guantity and decomposition
of organic matter. Depending on the richness of
the relevant river in trace elements, organic
matter in the delta, and distance from the river,
marginal or submarginal conditions for plant
nutrition may appear in adjacent soils. The
latter is shown for copper, with reference to the
Rhine, Ems, and Chao Phya (Thailand) deltas.
23
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165-173
165
The Toxicity of Copper Accumulating In Soils
Delas, J.
Agrochiiica, 7, 258-288; 1963
PH; FIXATION; CL»I; ORGANIC HATTIB; SOILS;
REVIEH; COPPER; CHELATES; IRON
A discussion, with 76 references, of the
characteristics of copper toxicity (symptoms,
limit rallies, pH dependence) , fixation of copper
by clay and organic latter, and physicological
causes and control of toxicity. In alkaline
soils copper usually becomes fixed in a complex
fora, but most of the copper in acid soils
remains isotopically exchangeable and thus toxic.
Correcting soil acidity and application of
chelated iron are the best methods of controlling
toxicity.
166
Study of the Relationships Between Copper and
Organic Hatter in a Ferruginous-Bumic Podzol
Accidentally Enriched vith Copper
Delas, J.
C.R. Hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 262D,
2688-2691; 1966
FUNGICIDES; COPPER; SOILS; PH; HOBOS;
OBGANONETALLICS; PODZOL; FBBBOALIHOOS-HOHIC
PODZOL; ORGANIC HATTER
Fungicide treatments had brought the Cu content
(n NHOOAc at pB 7) of the A, and B1 horizons to
603 and 999 mg/kg soil respectively. A study of
the hnmic compounds extracted from these horizons
shows that organometallic complexes are formed
between Cu and the most mobile fraction of the
organic matter.
167
Copper-Organic flatter Complexes in a Podzol
Developed on the Landos Sands and Accidentally
Enriched with Copper
Delas, J.
Annls Agron.. 18, 17-29; 1967
IRON; BDHDS; PODZOL: COPPER; FUNGICIDES
In a Fe-humns podzol treated with Cu fungicides
to toxic levels SO years ago, Cu was bound to the
most mobile fraction of the organic matter by
stable bonds, some of which occurred in
electro-negative complexes.
168
Selective Action of II, M, Di-Hethyl-2,2,
Diphenylacetamide-Dipbenamid and its Behavior in
the Soil
Deli, J.
Diss. Abstr. Int. B. Sci. Bng., 30(11), 5209; 1970
HORNING GLORY; HERBICIDES; TRARSLOCATION;
PHYTOTOIICITY; OAtS; DIPBENYLACBTAHIDB; DIPBBRAHID
169
Adsorption, Desorption, and Leaching of
Diphenamid in Soils
Deli, J.; Barren, G.F.
leed Sci., 19(1) , 67-69; 1971
ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; LEACHING; DIPHENAHID;
SOILS- NOVBHENT; CLAY CONTENT; BENTOHITE; HOCK;
SILT; LOAN; ORGANICS; HERBICIDES
170
Infared Absorption Evidence on Exchange Reaction
flechanism of Copper and Zinc with Layer Silicate
Clays and Peat
DeNumbrum, I.E.; Jackson, H.L.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 20, 33U-337; 1956
COPPBH; ZINC; CLAY; PEAT; SILICATES; EXCHANGE
REACTION
171
Copper S Zinc Exchange from Dilute Neutral
Solutions by Soil Coloidal Electrolytes
DeHumbrum, L.E.; Jackson, H.L.
Soil Sci., 81, 353-357; 1956
COPPBR; ZINC; SOILS; COLLOIDS; BETAL EXCHANGE
172
Copper Snlfate in Flooded Cranberry Bogs
Denbert, K.H.; Demoranville, I.E.
Pesticides Honit. J., 1(1), 11-13; 1970
CRANBERRY BOGS; COPPER SOLFATE; ALGAL GROWTH;
HATEB; FLOODHATEB; STREAHS; POHDS; COPPER; BOGS;
ALGAI
Cranberry bogs are treated with copper sulfate to
control algal growth. In order to assess
possible water pollution after release of treated
floodwater into streams and ponds, the rate of
which copper disappeared from the water after
treatment was monitored in two separate bogs. In
both bogs, the concentration of copper 25 hours
after application was higher than expected due to
smaller volumes of floodwater. During the first
6 days after treatment, cooper concentrations
decreased rapidly and after 10 days, about 95% of
the copper had disappeared. Ihen floodwater was
released about » weeks after treatment, the
concentration of copper was at the same level
found in the water prior to treatment. (7
references)
173
Arsenic Solubility in a Reduced Environment
Denel, L.8.; Swoboda, A.B.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(2), 1972, 276-278
ARSINE; CLOSED SOIL SYSTEM; SOILS; ARSENIC;
SOLUBILITY
24
-------
174-180
Incidents of Chromium Contamination of
Gronndwater in Hichigan
Deatsch, 0.
Part of Proceedings of the Symposium on
Gronndwater Contamination, Robert A. Taft
Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, OH,
Technical Report i61-5. Public Health Service,
O.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Self are, p. 98-1 OH; 1961
CHROaiON; GROOUD 1ATER; RATED
175
Arsenic Solubility in a Reduced Environment
Devel, L.E.; Svoboda, A.B.; Texas ASH
Oniversity, College Station, Texas
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,
36(2), 276-278; 1972
FLOODS; SOILS; ARSENIC; REDUCTION; IRON; ARSINE
In flooded soils (Boaston black clay), soluble
arsenic levels were related to the total arsenic
content and the reduced environment. Onder
flooding at 25 and 38C, an E (h) value of 100 mV
was the point at which the total arsenic/soluble
arsenic ratio became relatively constant. The
maximum soluble arsenic content vas 4.2X of the
total arsenic. The increase in soluble arsenic
at low reduction potentials vas attributed to the
reduction of iron and not of the arsenic itself.
Arsine was not detected in any soil sample though
the method would have detected even 0.0025 ppm
AsH(3) in the soil.
176
The Role of Adsorption in the Fractionation and
Distribution of Elements
DeVore, G.S.
J. Geol. 63b, 159-190; 1955
ADSORPTION; FRACTIONATION; DISTRIBUTION; TRACE
BLE8BNTS
177
Movement and Persistence of Hethanearsonates in
Soil
Dickens, R.; Hiltbold, A.E.; Auburn Oniversity,
Auburn, Alabama
Seeds, 15, 299-30K; 1967
DISODIDS HETHANEARSONATE; DS8A; SOILS; CLAI;
LEACHING; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; ARSENIC
Experiments were conducted to determine
adsorption of methanearsonate by soils, soil
separates, and reference clay minerals from
solutions of disodium methanearsonate (DSHA) ,
effects of soil type and pH on the leaching of
surface-applied DSNA, and effects of soil type
and added organic matter on the oxidation of the
methyl carbon of methanearsonate. Adsorption of
methanearsonate by kaolinite and vermiculite
increased with increasing concentration of DSHA
in the eguilibrium solution. Kaolinite and
limonite adsorbed much more methanearsonate than
vermiculite and montmorillonite. The clay
fraction of Augusta silt loam adsorbed more
methanearsonate than did the sand and silt
fractions. Adsorption by whole soils was related
generally to their clay contents. Leaching with
20 successive 1-inch increments of water removed
2% of surface-applied methanearsonate from
Norfolk loamy sand. Rates of movement of DSSi in
Norfolk loamy sand did not differ in three pB
levels. About one-half of the applied
methanearsonate remained in the surface inch of
Decatur clay loam and none was reached below 6
inches. Oxidation of the methyl carbon of
methanearsonate was associated with oxidation of
soil organic matter in each soil. In three of
the soils, there was no evidence of
microbiological adaptation of methanearsonate.
In Norfolk loamy sand, however, increasing
decomposition of methanearsonate relative to soil
organic matter occurred with time of incubation.
Decomposition of added plant material in this
soil enhanced the oxidation of methanearsonate.
178
Environmental Contamination by Lead from a Dine
and Smelter, A Preliminary Report
Djuric, D.; Institute of Occupational and
Radiological Health, Yugoslavia
Archives of Environmental Health
LEAD; SINES; SHELTERS; CONCENTRATION; AIR;
RIVERS; SOILS; VEGETATION; URINE
Fragmentary data on lead concentrations in air,
civers, soil, and vegetation illustrates how a
300 year old mine and smelter contaminated a
large region in Yugoslavia. A screening test
(urinary excretion of gamma-aminolevulinic acid)
applied to a population sample suggests lead
absorption may be hazardous. Tables present data
on lead concentrations in atmosphere (V sampling
dates), particule distribution, water
concentration, soil concentration, plant and food
products concentration, ALA urinary
concentrations.
179
Study of the Spatial Distribution of Some Hobile
Coipounds in the Soil Profile
Dmitriyev, T.A.
Sov. Soil Sci. (Engl. Transl. Pochvovedenie)
3(H), 1181-485; 1971
POTASSIOM; FERRI CYANIDE; IODINE; STARCH; COLOR
CHANGE; SOILS
180
Zinc in Soils and Farm Crops of the Southern
Ukraine
Dobrolyubskii, O.K.; OSSR
Hater. Nanch. Konf. Fak. Vinograd.
Plodoovoshchevodstva, Odess. Sel'Skokhoz.
Inst. (26HLA6) 1970, 118-30,; 1970
ZINC; PLANTS; SOILS; SORPTION; CROPS; ACCUMULATION
25
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181-188
181
Phenoloxidase Activity of the Soil Under
Industrial Contamination Conditions
Dolgova, L.G.; Dnepropetr. Gos. Oniv.,
Dnepropetrovsk, OSSB
Pochvovedenie (PVDEAZ), 9, 6<»-69: 1973
PHENOL; INDUSTRY; SOILS; GBASSBS; BHZTHES;
MICBOORGANISMS; SOILS; PHENOLOXIDASE
182
Phenol-Degrading Capability of Soil Onder
Industrial Pollution Conditions
Dolgova, L.G.; Kuchma, V.N.; Dnelpropetr. Gos.
Oniv., Dnepropetrovsk, OSSB
Biol. Hauki (BINRBI) . 16(12), 109-112; 1973
PHENOL; WASTEWATER; BIODEGRADATION; SOILS;
INDUSTRY
183
Study of Lead, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium
Contamination of Food Chains of Han
Dorn, C.R.; Pierce, J.O.; Chase, G.R.; Phillips,
B.E.; Missouri Oniv., Columbia
Final Report, June 26, 1971-Dec. 26, 1972;
Missouri University; PB 223 018/3; Contract
EPA-68-02-0092; Monitoring Agency Rept. No.
EPA-R3-73-03U; 121 p.; 1972, J)ec.
AIR; ANIMALS; FOOD CHAINS; SOILS; CADMIUM;
COPPER; LEAD: ZIHC; CATTLE; DUSTS; CHOPS;
ANALYSIS; LIVER; KIDNEYS; BONES; RESIDUES;
VEGETATION; MEATS; MILK; BOOTS; HEAVY METALS
A statistically designed study was conducted in
the new lead producing region of Southeastern
Missouri to estimate the aiount of soil,
vegetation, »eat and «ilk contamination by
cadtiui, copper, lead and zinc. Dustfall, soil,
root and vegetation tops were collected H tiles
during a one year period at varying distances
fro* the highway on a test fan exposed to lead
production sources of heavy metal contamination
and on a control far* outside the lead production
area.
189
Decomposition of Pyriiidine Derivatives in Soil.
The Effect of Specific Hicroflora and Specific
Preincubation
Drobnikova, V.; Pospisilova, V.; University
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie. Parasitenknnde.
Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Zveite
Abteilung, 127(1), 98-112; 1972
DECOMPOSITION; PYRIMIDINE; SOILS; HICBOFLORA;
INCUBATION; THYHINE; URACIL; CHBBNOZEM;
OXIDATION; RENDZINA SOILS; RESPIRATION CURVE
The basic types ef respiration carves of thyaine
and uracil showed that both substrates underwent
oxidation in a chernozem, apparently due to the
presence of the enzyme-complex
uracil-thy»ine-oxidase; only thymine was oxidized
in a rendzina that lacked this enzyme-complex.
Specific preincubation promoted the process of
oxidation, and the same occurred when specific
bacteria (growing on thymine and uracil) isolated
from the chernozem were inoculated into the soils.
185
The Effect of the Application of Various Mining
and Industrial Hastes on the Productivity of
Light Soils. Part 3. The Influence of Waste
Materials on Plant Crops
Croese, H.; Fabijanski, J.; Radecki, A.;
Siierzchalski, L.; Zimniak, Z.; Department of
General Soil and Plant Cultivation, Warsaw
Agricultural University, Poland
Roczniki Gleboznawcze, 23(1), 101-122; 1972
MINING; INDUSTRY; 1ASTES; SOILS; CHOPS; POTATOES;
OATS; RYE; VETCH; SILICA; SANDY SOILS;
PHOSPHATES; DOLOMITE; SEHPENTINITE; COPPEB
The effects of 20 waste materials on a rotation
of potatoes-oats-rye-vetch were compared. Those
with a good or poor beneficial effect and those
with a negative effect were distinguished. The
•ost effective wastes included silica with added
phosphate meal, dolomite or serpentinite and
copper mine wastes. Best results were obtained
from applications of a0-60 tons/ha »ixed with the
top 20ci of soil especially on sandy soils.
186
Importance of Hnmic Acids in Concentrating Trace
Elements in Soils
Drozdova, T.V.
; 1968
BEVIES; HOMIC ACIDS; TBACE ELEMENTS; SOILS
A review with 22 references.
187
Specific Adsorption of Copper by a Number of Soils
Da Plessis, S.F.; Burger, R.D.; Navorsingsinst.
Sitrus Subtrop. Vrugte, Relspruit, S. Africa
Pert. Soc. S. Afr. J. (PSAJA6) , 1(1), 31-33
COPPBH; SOHPTION; SOILS; PH; ADSORPTION
188
The Displaceability of Specifically Adsorbed
Copper from Clay Minerals
Du Plessis, S.F.; Burger, R.D.
Agrocheiophysica 3 (2). 1971 17-22.
KAOLINITE; MONTHORILLONITE; ADSORPTION;
DISPLACEMENT; COPPER; CLAY MISBBALS
26
-------
189-194
189
Microbiological Leaching in the Presence of
Ferric Iron
Duncan, D.H.; Balden, C.C.; British Co 1mbla
Res., Vancouver, B.C.
Develop. Ind. Hicrobiol. (DIBCAL), 13, 66-75; 1972
COPPER; BACTERIAL LEACHING; ZIHC; FBRROOIIDAHS;
FERRIC ION; LEACHING; HICBOBIOLOGT
190
Investigations Concerning Probable Impact of
Nitrilotriacetic Acid on Ground Rater
Dunlap, H.J.; Cosby, H.L.; HcNabb, J.F.; Bledsoe,
B.E. ; Scalf, II.R.; Robert S. Kerr Hater Research
Center, Ada, OK
Rater Pollution Control Research Series;
Honitoring Agency Bept Ho. R72-07223,
EPA-16060-GBR-11/71; Proj. EPA-16060-GHB;
1971, November
69 p.
ACETIC ACID; RATER; CHELATES; DETERGENTS; GROUND
RATER; HYDROLOGY; CHELATIOH; BETALS;
BIODBTERIORATION; ADSORPTION; SOILS; LEAD;
CADMIUM; AQOIFEBS; TRACER ACETIC ACID; AMINES;
NTA; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID; MODEL; SORPTION;
DEGRADATION; IRON; ZINC; CHEOHIOH; HERCORY;
BOVEHENT
The fate and effect of NTA both in ground waters
and in soil profiles overlying ground waters were
studied using laboratory nodels. Sorption of NTA
on soils slows its movement into and through
ground waters. Sorption is not sufficient to
prevent or greatly reduce potential pollution of
ground water by NTA used as a detergent builder.
NTA infiltrating through cost unsatnrated soils
undergoes rapid and complete degradation and
contributes only inorganic nitrogen compounds and
carbonate to ground waters. NTA inflitrating
through saturated soils experiences only very
limited degradation, with a major portion
entering ground water intact. Any NTA which
escaped degradation during infiltration through
soils could transport such metals as iron, zinc,
chromium, lead, cadmium, and mercury from soils
into ground waters. NTA would degrade slowly in
essentially anaerobic ground-water environments.
191
Probable Iipact of Nitrilotriacetie-Acid on
Ground Rater
Dunlap, H.J.; Cosby, R.L.; HcNabb, J.F.; Bledsoe,
B.E.; Scalf, (I.E.
Ground Hater, 10(1), 107-117; 1972
SOILS; SORPTION; DEGRADATION; METALS; MODEL
AQOTFERS; NTA; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID; GRODNO HATER
192
An Overview of Trace Element Distribution
Patterns in Hater
Durum, R.H.; Hem, J.D.; 0.3. Geological Survey,
Hater Resources Division
Part of Hopps, B.C. (Ed.), Cannon, H.L. (Ed.),
Annals of the Sew York Academy of Sciences,
Volume 199, Geochemical Environment in Relation
to Health and Disease (p. 26-36); 1972, June 28
ARSENIC; CADMIUM; COBALT; LEAD; ZINC; HERCORY;
COMPLEXES; SEDIMENTS; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS;
SORPTION; SOILS; IRRIGATION; HATER; TRACE
ELEMENTS; PLANTS; RAINRATER; STREAMS
The data presented in this study suggest, as one
would expect, that the heavy metals determined by
•odern techniques of atomic absorption and
neutron activation analysis are widely
distributed in low concentrations in water.
There is some evidence that the concentration
levels are related to man's activities in some
cases, but there appears to be no widespread
occurrence of these metals in water exceeding
current standards. In the thickly populated
areas of New England and the northeast, cadmium
and lead appear to be detected more frequently
than in other regions of the United States. A
similar pattern for lead fallout in rainwater has
been observed by others for the well-watered
northeast and southeast. The current survey
shows essentially no areas of excessive lead in
water, but the widespread presence of small
amounts of lead in water supplies that chemically
favor retention of lead warrants careful
attention. It is recognized that minor elements
and organic compounds in water can occur in the
dissolved phase or in association with sediment.
Material in the bed of the stream serves as an
integrator of chemical and biological processes
that occur in the stream and should be an
indicator of the nature of the solids suspended
in the stream during periods of higher flow.
193
Relation between Sulfur Oiids Concentration in
Atmosphere and Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil
Eda, S.; Obirin Junior Coll., Tokyo, Japd"
Kogai to Taisakn (KOTTAH) , 8(11), 1067-73; 1972
SOLFOR OIIDES; SHELTERS; HEAVY METALS; CADBIUH;
SOILS; COPPER; LEAD; ZINC; ATHOSPHERE; AIB
19H
Impact on Man of Environmental Contamination
Caused by Lead
Edwards, H.R.; Corrin, H.L.; Grant, L.O.;
Hartman, L.M.; Reiter, E.R.; Colorado State
Oniv., Fort Collins, CO
Progress Report, July 1, 1970-June 30, 1971;
PB-223 623; Honitoring Agency Rept. No.
NSF-RA/E-72-003; Grant NSF-GI-U; 180p.; 1971, July
LEAD; AIR; EXHAUST GASES; FUEL ADDITIVES;
ACCOMOLATION; HESIDOES; SOILS; LEACHING; GAS
ANALYSIS; TISSUEHEATHER MODIFICATION; NUCLEATION;
PLANTS; FUELS; AUTOHOBILE EMISSIONS; ROMANS;
EXHAUST; TRANSPORT; BIOACCUHULATION
The objectives of the research was to develop and
test an interdisciplinary approach to
environmental problems using lead as an example,
and to evaluate consequences of lead pollution
from traffic exhaust and economic and
technological effects of steps taken to reduce
lead pollution from this source. Emphasis during
the phase of the program covered in this report
is upon pilot experiments to determine where, in
what forms, and at what rate lead from traffic
exhaust is accumulating in the environment. The
topics covered include atmospheric transport,
atmospheric chemistry, inadvertent weather
modification, bioaccumulation, lead in soil and
plants, economic aspects, and chemical analysis.
27
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195-204
195
Fate of Cacodylic Acid in Soils and Plants
Ehian, P.J.; Wisconsin Aluini Research
Foundation, Radison, Wisconsin
Ansal Chemical Coapany, Harinette, Wisconsin, 17
p.; 1963, Deceiber 26
AGRICULTURE; CACODYLIC ACID; SOILS; PLANTS;
EEAHS; CABBAGES; COBH; POTATOES; POTATOES;
CABROTS; SOYBEANS; AHSAR-138; ADSOBPTION;
BESIDOES; RATS; ANIHALS; CONCENTBATION; AHSENIC
Seven field crops, grown in a soil treated with 5
Ib/acre of 100% cacodylic acid, shoved no
significant arsenic residue in the edible
portions. Cacodylic acid, when applied to soils
as a water solution, is quite ficily surface
adsorbed by the soil particles. A siall but
steady leaching of cacodylic acid occurs in
watered soils. Cacodylic acid applied to a sod
surface becoies rather evenly distributed at a
10-inch depth in about one week. The saoke, froi
burning grass previously treated with cacodylic
acid shoved increased irritation to lucous
neibranes of the lungs of rats, over sioke froi
burning untreated grass. No other toxic effects
resulting from sioke inhalation were noted.
196
Biogeocheiistry of the Hinor Elements in Soil
Ehrlich, B.L.; Department of Biology, Bensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NT
Part of BcLaren, A.O. and Skujins, J. (Eds.),
Soil Biochemistry, Vol. 2, New York, Harcel
Dekker, Inc. (p. 361-384); 1971
SOILS; REVIEH; MICROBIOLOGY; BIOGEOCBBHISTBY;
COBALT; NICKEL; COPPEB; ZINC; HOLYBDENOH;
HANGANESE; IODINE; VAHADIOH
A review, vith 103 references, of licrobial
action on Group V and Group VI elements vanadiui,
•anganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc,
•olybdenui and iodine.
197
Reaction of Copper Tetra»ine vith Bentonite Clay
El-Sayed, H.H. ; Burau, R.G.; Babcock, K.L.
Soil Sci soc a« Proc 35 ^4) 1971 571-57*
CALCIOH; SORPTION; ISOTH8RH; ION EXCHANGE; CLAY;
COPPER; TETRAHHINE; BENTOMITE CLAY
198
Copper II-Anion Complexes in Clay Systems
El-Sayed, H.H.; Baraa, B.C.; Babcock, K.L.
Soil Sci., 110(3), 202-207; 1970
COPPER; CLAY; COHPLEXBS; AMIONS
199
Cation and Anion Interchange with Zinc
Nontiorillonite Clays
Elgabaly, II.R.; Jenny, H.
J. Phys. Chea., 47, 399-408; 1943
CATION EXCBANGE; ZINC; ANION EXCHANGE; CLAY;
RONTBORILLONITE
200
Effect of EDTA on the Self Diffusion of Zinc in
Aqueous Solution and in Soil
Elqavhary, S.H.; Lindsay, W.L.; Keaper, i.D.
Soil Sci Soc Aaer Proc 34 (1) 1970 66-70
CBELATING; EDTA; DIPFOSION; ZINC; SOILS
201
Adsorption Reactions of Hicro Nutrients in Soils
Ellis, B.G.; Knezek, B.D.
Part of Hortvedt, J.J.; Giordano, P.H.; Lindsay,
B.L., (Eds.), Hicronutrients in Agriculture,
Proceedings of a Syiposiui Held at Huscle Shoals,
Alabaia, April 20-22, 1971. Soil Science Society
of Aierica, Inc.; Hadison, 01 (p. 59-78) 666 p.;
1972
IRON; ALOHINDH; CLAY; NOTRIBNTS1, ADHESION;
LAIGHOIB EQDATION; BINDING; ADSORPTION; SOILS;
BICRONOTRIENTS; FREDNDLICB ISOTHERB
202
The Diffusion of Copper, Hanganese, and Zinc as
Affected by Concentration, Clay Hineralogy and
Associated Anions
Ellis, J.R.; Barnhisel, R.I.; Phillips, R.E.
Soil Sci. Soc. A«. Proc., 34, 866-870; 1970
COPPER; SAHGAHBSE; ZINC; CLAY; HINERALS; ANIONS;
CONCENTRATION; DIFFOSION
203
Beioval of Beavy Hetals fro* Acid Bath Plating
Hastes by Soil
Eiig, O.K.; Purdue University, Lafayette, IN
Oniv. BicrofilBs, Ann Arbor, Bich., Order No.
73-28,071, Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 34(6), 2661; 1973
PLATING; PLATING BATH; iASTE DISPOSAL; SOILS;
SOBPTIOM; BEAVY HETALS; ACID BATB
204
Relative Leaching Potential Estimated fro»
Bydrologic Soil Groups
England, C.B.
Part of Proceedings of the 8th Aierican Rater
Resources Conference, St. Louis, 30 Oct.-2 Nov.
1972, p. 105 (Proc. Ser. No. 16); 1972, November
LANDFILLS; LEACBING; SOILS; HATER; HYDROLOGY
28
-------
205-211
205
Chemical Contaminants Found in Surface and
Subsurface Hater as Related to Soil and Climatic
Conditions
Epstein. E. ; Strnchtemeyer, B.A.
U.S. GOT. Pes. DOT. Hep. 70(15), 00 PB-191 811;
1970
DOT; PESTICIDES: »ATEB; SOUS
206
Trace Elements and Colloids in Soils
Ermolenko, N.F.; Nanka i Tekhnika, Hinsk, DSSB
English Translation of the Second Russian
Edition, 259p. ; 1966, in Russian; 1972, in English
SOILS; CLARKE VALOE; PLANTS; ANIBALS; SATEB;
TRACE ELEHENTS; SOIL COLLOIDS; COLLOIDS; CLAT;
BORIC ACIDS; HONTHORILLONITB; IOB EXCHANGE;
CATION EXCHANGE; THIXOTROPT; ADSOBPTION;
BIOGEOCHEHISTRY; FERTILIZERS; BNZYHBS;
DEFICIENCT; GROWTH STIROLATORS; SELENIOR;
STHPTOROLOGY; BORANS; OXTGEN; CARBON; BTDBOGBN;
CALCIOR; POTASSIDH; NITBOGEN; SILICON; HAGNESIOH;
PHOSPHORUS; SDLFOB; SODIOH; COPPEB; VANADIUB;
CHROHIUH; BBOHINE; GBRNANIOI); NICKEL; LEAD; TIN;
ARSENIC; COBALT; LITBIDR; CBLOBINE; IRON;
ALOHINUH; BARIDR; STRONTIDH; HANGANBSE; BARIUB;
TITANIOH; FLUORINE; ZINC; ROBIDIOR; HOLTBDENDH;
ORAIIOH; CESIOH; IODINE; HEBCOBT; RADIOH;
CONCENTRATION; CONCENTRATION FACTOR; BLOOD;
BORBONBS; HOBOS; CEREALS; SOLUBILITY; PB; LIRING;
TOTAL; AVAILABILITY; BOBILITI; IRON HYDROXIDES;
ALOHIHOB BTDBOXIDES; PEPTIZATIOR; PODZOL; BOG
SOILS; SANDT SOILS; CATTLE; VITAHIN B12; GBOOND
8ATER; HINERAL SPRINGS; WATER BARONESS; GEL;
POLVIC ACIDS; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; CBBORATOGRAPBT;
CBEHISORPTION; ZEOLITES; GOITER; GOOT; SOGAR
BEETS; OROV DISEASE; NITROGEN FIXATION;
INDUSTRIAL HASTES; BORON; ANALYTICAL HBTBODS;
CHELATES; RADIOTBACER TECHNIQUES
A discussion on the distribution of trace
elements in the Tarious types of Russian soils,
the identification of geochemical proTinces with
excesses or, lore frequently, deficiencies of
certain trace elements and the symptoms of the
endemic diseases produced in plants and animals,
and the large scale efforts to correct the
situation by using appropriate industrial or
mining wastes (usually incorporated in other
fertilizers to improve uniformity of application,
since local excesses may also produce damage).
Includes considerable knowledge on elemental
abundances (in soils, water, plants, and
animals), on soil colloids, on ion exchange and
adsorption, on thixotcopy, on humus and hnmic and
fulmic acids, on methods of correcting trace
element deficiancies by microfectilizers or
certain excesses by reducing mobility by liming,
and on trace element activation of enzymes and
selective absorption of trace elements by plants.
207
Zinc and Cadmium Pollution of Soils and Plants in
the Vicinity of a Zinc Smelting Plant
Ernst, I.
Ber. Dent. Bot. Ges., 85(7-9), 295-300; 1972
AIR; CADRIOH; ANALYSIS; CROPS; PLANTS; EHISSIONS;
fOOD CBAIN; HEAVY BETALS; SOILS; ZINC; SRELTERS;
SHELTER PLANTS
Both metals were found to have increased up to
one hundred times in soil and plants, decreasing
biological activity. The food chain may easily
be entered this way.
208
Effect of Chelates on the Bovement of Fission
Products through Soil Columns
Essington, E.H.; Nishita, H.; University of
California, Los Angeles, California
Plant and Soil, 24(1), 1-23; 1966
STRONTIOH; ZINC; YTTRIOH; CESIOH; PBORBTBIOH;
HOVERENT; SOILS; CHELATION; IRRIGATION; IATER;
RADIONOCLIDES
The effect of a number of chelating agents
present in distilled water, and mock irrigation
water, were studied as to the movement of
radionnclides from columns of calcareous soil.
(C1F)
209
Soil-Plant Response to Surface-Applied Hercnry
Estes, G.O.; Knoo.p, I.E.; Houghton, F.D. ; Dep.
Plant Sci., Oniv. New Bampshire, Durham, HH
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1973, 2(«) U51-2; 1973
BEBCORY; SOILS; VELVET BENTGRASS; FONGICIDES;
ORGANORERCORIALS; TORF PLANTS; BANGANESE; ZINC;
IRON; COPPER; PLANTS; PHOTOTOXICITY; GRASSES;
TRANSITION BLEBENTS; BENTGRASS
No phytotoxicity was observed in velvet bentgrass
(AGROSTIS CANINA) grown in soil containing 155
ppm mercury. The soil had been treated annually
with 2.10 kq/ha as metallic mercury in
organomercnry fungicides for 15 years. Turf
plants contained 1.68 ppm mercury with normal
levels of other transitional elements that is
manganese, iron, copper, and zinc.
210
Bontmorillonite Exchangeable Thallium and Lead
Cations
Fajnor, V.; Hasar, J.; Fac. Nat. Sci., Comenius
Oniv., Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Acta Fac. Rerum Natur. Dniv. Comenianae, Chin.
(AFHCAQ) , 18, 13-19; 1973
HONTBORILLONITE; LEAD; THALLIOH; CATIONS
211
Peats as Cation Exchangers in the Production of
Horticultural Soils
Feige, 1.
Acta Bortic, 18, 26-36; 1971
DECOHPOSITION; RBTALS; CATIONSj SATORATION; PEAT;
BOBTICOLTORE; SOILS
29
-------
212-218
212
Distribution of Copper, Lead, Zinc, nickel, and
Cobalt in Soil in Helation to pH Changes
Filipovic, Z.; Stankovic, B.; Dasic, Z
Soil Science, 91, 147-150; 1961
DISTRIBUTION; PH; COPPER; LEAD; ZIMC; NICKEL;
COBALT; SOILS
213
Adsorption of Anionic Detergents by Soils
Fink. D. H.; Thomas, G.W.; Beyer, H.J.
J. Wat. Pollut. Contr. Fed., 12{2), 265-271;
1970, February
ADSORPTION; DETERGENTS; SURFACTANTS; PHOSPHORUS;
PHOSPHATES; SEIAGE; SOILS; HASTE DISPOSAL; RED
CLAY; CLAY; HASTE
Adsorption is high if iron and clay contents are
high and cation capacity is low. Sands have low
and red-clays high capacities.
214
Distribution of Lead 210 and Radium 226 in Soil
Fisenne, I.M.; Atonic Energy Commission, New York
UCRL-18140, Part of 13th fleeting on Bioassay and
Analytical Chemistry, Berkeley, California, (p.
115-158)
RADIUH 226; LEAD 210; DISTRIBUTION; HOVEHENT;
SOILS; SOIL PBOFILES
The Da 226 and Pb 210 content of typical
tobacco-growing soil was studied as a function of
depth. The depth profile samples, including
surface vegetation, were collected at an
undisturbed area in Maryland. It was of interest
to determine whether these noclides concentrate
in the upper horizons of this soil type. Pb 210
generally decreased with increasing depth,
resulting in a decrease in the Pb 210/Ra 226
ratio. An attempt was made to correlate this
trend with the known radon emanation rates fro*
soil.
216
Effects of Phosphate Sources on Copper and Zinc
Movement Fro» Nixed Fertilizers and Band placement
Fiskell, J.G.A.; Breland, H.L.; Locascio, S.J.
Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc., Florida, 27, 35-49;
1968
WATERMELONS; DIABHONIOli PHOSPHATES; AMfiONIATED
SUPERPHOSPHATE; SUPERPHOSPHATE; FINE SANDS; SAND;
FERTILIZERS; PH; PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; COPPEH
In field experiments with watermelons, phosphorus
as diamnonium phosphate, ammoniated
superphosphate or ordinary superphosphate was
applied at 0, 39, 78 and 116 kg/ha to Leon fine
sand and 0, 115 and 230 kg/ha to Imaokalee fine
sand. Each fertilizer had 0.56 and 4.47 kg/ha or
0, 2.1, and 4.5 kg/ha copper as copper sulfate
added in the Leon and Iniokalee experiments,
respectively. Significant differences were found
for effects of phosphorus sources and rates on
pH, soluble salts, zinc and copper extracted. In
the field, copper particles were seen to remain
in the fertilizer band. In laboratory studies,
the amounts of copper, zinc and phosphorus that
diffused from nixed fertilizer through filter
paper were nearly in proportion to their contents
in the fertilizer, but the presence of phosphorus
in the fertilizers greatly reduced the
solubilities of copper and zinc.
217
The Effect of Some Herbicides on the Retention of
Mobile Phosphorus Forms and Potassium in the Soil
of the Ukraine Steppes
Fisynnov, A.V.; Vsesoyuznyl
Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Kukurnzy, Ossc
Dokl Vses (Ordena Lenina) Akad S-Kh Nauk im V I
Lenina, (3), 1972, 11-13
COBN; SOYBEANS; PEATINE; CHICK-PEA; LENTIL;
1INTBB RHEAT; SIBAZINE; PROPAZINE; CHLORAZINE;
ATRAZINE; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUH; SOBILITY
In a 3-year experiment on ordinary heavy loamy
chernozem, triazines did not affect the mobile-p
content of the plowed layer. Any changes in the
mobile-k content disappeared a year or two after
application.
215
Potential Environmental Chemical Hazards Part
Industrial and Hiscellaneous Agents
3.
Pishbein, L.; Flaim, S.G.
Sci. Total Environ., 1(2), p.
August
117-1UO; 1972,
BIBLIOGRAPHY; BIOCONVERSION; CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS; FOOD CHAINS; CONCENTRATION; ORGANIC
BATTER; HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS; HERBICIDES;
PESTICIDES; POLYHER; ORGANOHETALLICS
Selected chemicals, e.g., polymer and plastic
ingredients, rubber additives, brightening
agents, etc., are cited. Their structure, mode
of entry into the ecological system, and known
biological and toxicological effect are detailed.
(131 references)
218
Seleniferous Vegetation and Soils in the Eastern
Yukon
Fletcher, K.V.; Doyle, P.; Brink, V.C.
Can J Plant Sci 53 (3) 1973 701-703
VEGETATION; SOILS; SELENI08
30
-------
219-224
219
Profile Distribution of Zinc, Iron, Hanganese,
and copper in Colorado Soils
Follett. B.H.; Lindsay, H.I.j Colorado State
University, Fort Collings, Colorado
Tech. Bull. Colo. St. Oniv. 110, p. 79; 1971
ZINC; IBON; HANGAHESE; COPPER; PB; SOUS;
AVAILABILITY; DISTRIBUTION; CLAT
In 37 series available Zn increased with
increasing organic latter and/or CEC, available
Fe decreased with increasing soil pB, and
available no increased vith increasing organic
•atter and decreased vith increasing soil pH and
liie content. Available Cu increased vith both
total Cu and clay content. available Zn, re. On
and Cu decreased vith depth in the soil profiles
bat the total contents of these elements shoved a
relatively nnifori distribution.
222
Organic Sequestration of Copper
Fraser, D.C.
Econ. Geol.. 56, 1063-1078; 1961
COPPBB
223
Absorption of Trace Elements Copper and Cobalt by
Soie Field Cultures in Relation to the Content of
Organic Hatter in Soil
Freiberga, G.T.
Izv Akad Nauk Latv SSR (2), 116-121; 1970
SOILS; FIELD CULTURES; ABSORPTION; TRACE
BLEBESTS; COPPER; COBALT; ORGANIC
220
The Absorption of Zinc on Bentonite and Kaolinite
in the Presence of Coiplexing Agents
Fortini, S. ; Tarantola, fl.R.
Agrochiiica, 6, 17U-182; 1962
ADSORPTION; BEMTOHITE; KAOLINITE; HONOSODIDR
TABTBATE; AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS; CATION
SATDBATIOtl; PB; DISODIOB; NITRILIC-TBIACBTATB;
SALTS; EDTA; ZINC; CLAT; CBELATES
Zinc adsorption on bentonite and kaolinte vas
•easnred using zinc 65 in the presence of
chelating agents, lonosodiui tartrate and agueous
leaf extracts froi VICA FABA or BEDTSABUB
CORONARIOB. Coipetition betveen clay and
chelating agents for zinc plus 2 vas affected by
the state of cation saturation of the clay, the
reactant concentration, the pR of the solution,
and the stability of the complexes forled. The
extraction of nevly administered zinc vas aliost
coiplete vith an adequately concentrated solution
of disodiui nitrillic-triacetate, bat less
coiplete vith salts of EDTA. The plant extracts
held much of the zinc plus 2 in coiplei fori
vhile preserving its availability.
22U
Adsorption and Transport of Agricultural
Chemicals in iatersheds
Frere, B.B.; later Quality Hanagement Lab., ARS,
OSCA, Durant, OK
Trans. ASAE (Aier. Soc. Agr. Eng.) 16(3),
569-572; 1973
BODEL; ADSOHPTIOH; TRANSPORT; SOILS; WATER;
PLANTS; AGRICULTURE; WATERSHEDS; DEGRADATION;
VOLATILIZATION: BOVEBENT; FERTILIZERS;
PESTICIDES; HDNOFF; EBOSPBATES; EROSION; STREAHS;
TRANSPORT; HERBICIDES
A lodel describes the pathways of cheiicals in
the soil-vater-plant systei important to their
•oveient in vatersheds. Method of application,
adsorption, degradation, and volatilization
affect the pathvay of the cheiical, vhile
hydrologic factors control the speed of loveient
and aioant of cheiical loved. Interactions
involved have been illustrated in a hypothetical
exaiple.
221
Behavior and Side Effects of Benoiyl
Frahi, J.; Dniv. Bohenheii, Stnttgart-Bohenheii,
Ger.
Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz (ZPFPAA) , 80(7),
U31-IU6; 1973
REVIEW; BENOfiyL; HUTAGENICITY;
BENZIBIDAZOLBCARBABATE; EARTBRORBS; BITES;
PERSISTENCE; NEBATODES; APBIDS; ELAHTS ; SOILS;
WORHS; INSECTS
The toxic effects of benoiyl on non-target
organises including earthworms, neiatodes, mites,
and aphids; the persistence of
2-benzimidazolecarbaiate metabolite, in plants
and soil; and the mntagenicity of benoiyl and
2-benzimidazolecarbamate are revieved.
31
-------
225-231
225
CadBiiiB in the Environment, 2
Fribecg, L.; Piscator, B.; Nordberg, G.;
Kjellstroa, T.; The Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm 60, Sweden
EPA-H2-73-190, 169p.; 1973, February
CADMIUB; ANALYTICAL METHODS; INTERFERENCES;
ATOBIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETBY; BIOOD;
BEINE; RICE; GRAINS; POLOBAGRAPHY; PLANTS;
VEGETABLES; NEOTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; AIR;
URBAN; SHELTERS; BOSSES; RDRAL; DOSTS; HATER;
DRINKING WATER; SOILS; CONCENTRATION; SESAGE
SLUDGE; UPTAKE; FOODS; RHEAT; FISH; TOBACCO;
CIGARETTES; SNUFF; INTAKE; FECES EXCRETION;
HETABOLISH; ABSORPTION; ANIHALS; BICE; CALCIOH;
DEFICIENCY; PLACENTAL TRANSFER; DISTRIBUTION;
KIDNEYS; SUBCUTANEOUS; LIVER; PANCREAS; BABHARY
GLANDS; CRRONATOGRAPRY; CADBIUH 109; RATS;
ACCUBULATION; BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE; TRANSPORT;
HETALLOTHIONEINj OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; LUNGS;
HUBANS; BONES; TERATOGENS; EPIDEBIOLOGI;
PHOTEINURIA; ELECTROPHORES IS; ITAI ITAI DISEASE
An update of information on cadmium published
earlier, this paper discusses analytical methods
and new data on the distribution in air, water,
drinking vater, soils, foods and tobacco
products. Cadmium uptake, intake and metabolism,
absorption, distribution, excretion, etc.
including placental transfer are elaborated.
Analyses of blood, urine, liver, kidneys, etc.
The biological half tiie of cadiium in the human
body is quite long (one estimate is 9-18 years).
Host of the excretion is in the feces, bat
excretion in urine increases when the kidneys are
damaged. Exposure to cadi in* causes
demineralization in bones and this is worse in
calcium deficiency. Epideiiological
investigation's in Japan are discussed in sole
detail.
226
Sorption and Transport in Soils
Frissel, H.J.; Poelstra, P.; Beiniger, P.; Inst.
Ato*. Sci. Agric., Rageningen, Netherlands
Part of Sorption and Transport Processes Soils,
Honogr. Soc. Che«. Ind. 37, 135-151; 1970
THAN SPORT; SOILS; FIXATION; BIOLOGICAL HIIING;
PLORING; HIGBATIOR; STRONTIOB; STBONTIOH 90;
BODEL; SIBDLATIOR BODEL
A simulation model of transport in a
heterogeneous soil system is presented which
includes a production ten (fixation) and
biological miring and plowing. The »odel is used
to describe the migration of strontiui 90 fallout
in pastures.
226
Contamination of the Soil with Bercury
Frissel, B.J.; Poelstra, P.; Reiniger, P.; Das,
8. A.; Assoc. Euraton-Ital, tiageningen, Netherlands
Proc., Int. Symp. Sadioecol. Appl. Prot. Ban His
Environ. (27QRAN), 2, 9U1-55; 1972
SOILS; BERCURY; SOILS; BETHYLBERCOHY
229
Selenium Accumulation in Soils. Conents
Frost, D.V.; Brattleboro, VT
Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Pap., 110, 55; 1972
BEVIER; SELENIOB; SOILS; PLANTS; ANIBALS;
ACCUBDLATION
230
Cyanide Degradation by an Bnzyie froi
STEBPBYLIUH-LOTI
Fry, R.B.; Billar, R.L.
Arch Bioche* Biophys 151 (2). 1972 U68-U7U.
CYANIDE; DEGRADATION; ENZTBES
231
Response of Hicrobiota to the Presence of Heavy
Beta Is in Soil
Fnjihara, a.P.; Garland, I.E.; Rildung, B.E.;
Drucker, R.
Anna. Beet Ai. Soc. Hicrobiol. 73, 32; 1973
BACTERIA; FURGI; CARBON DIOXIDE; EVOLUTION;
SILVER; HERCURY; THALLIUfl; CHROBIUB; COPPEB;
COBALT; TUNGSTEN; LEAD; SOILS; HEAVY METALS
227
Chroiatographic Transport Through Soils. Part 3.
A simulation Hodel for the Evaluation of the
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Undisturbed
Soils with Tritiated later
Frissel, B.J.; Poelstra, P.; Reiniger,
Plant Soil, 33(1), 1970, 161-176
P.
TRANSPORT; SOILS; HODEL; DIFFUSION; HATER;
TBITIATED RATEB; THITIOH
32
-------
232-236
232
Residue of an Organoarsenic Pesticide for
Controlling Bice Sheath Blight in Bice Plants and
Soils in Treated Paddy Fields
Fujimoto, Y.; Kavahara, I.; Rakamnra, B.; Agr.
Chem. Insp. Sta., Din. Agr. and Forestry, Tokyo,
Japan
Bull. Agr. Chem. Insp. Sta., 12. 71-75; 1972
BICE; PESTICIDES; SOILS; PLARTS; BICE SHBATB
BLIGHT; OBGAROARSERIC; FONGICIDES; FBRRIC
HETHAME; ABSERATB; ARSENIC
Organoarsenic fungicides such as ferric
methanearsotate are indispensable for controlling
rice sheath blight, one of the major diseases of
cice plants in Japan. The relationship between
the amount of organoacsenicals-applied and their
residues in rice grain, strait, and soil was
studied. The residues of total, inorganic, and
organic As (as As2O3) were determined in polished
and unpolished rice grain, straw, and soil to
which ferric methanearsonate had been applied at
rates of 5.2-16 g (as As203)/10 are in four
districts. Total amount of As in the soil was
unexpectedly high in all districts even in the
fields where no arsenic had been applied (rates
of 13.5, 55.0, 20.0, and 57.50 pp»). About
54-100% of total As was inorganic, the organic As
percentage being very small. In rice grain
harvested in paddy fields where the soil
contained more than 20 ppm of organic As,
unpolished rice grain contained 0.68-1.65 ppm
total As and 0.05-0.62 ppm organic As. Total As
of less than 1.0 ppm and organic As of less than
0.3 ppm were detected in unpolished rice grain
harvested in fields, where total As was 60 ppm and
organic As very small.
233
Relation Between Cadmium Concentration in Orine
and Soil in Itai-Tai Disease District
Fukuyama, T.; Kawabe, T.; Isliimoto, H. ; Kubota,
K.; Inst. Hyg. fled. Microbiol., Tokyo, Japan
Igakn to Seibutsugaku (Igsbal) 1973, 86 (
-------
237-242
237
Hydrologic Considerations in Sanitary Landfill
Design and Operation
Fungaroli, A.A.; Drexel Inst. Technol.,
Philadelphia, PA
Proceedings of National Industrial Solid Waste
Management Conference, University of Houston,
Houston, TX (p.208-217); 1972
SANITARY LANDFILLS; LEACHATE; SEEDING ; REFUSE;
LANDFILLS; WATER STORAGE; GROUND WATER; SOILS
Host sanitary landfills have the potential for
generating pollutant carrying lechate. Leachate
quantity depends on geographic Iccation, surface
drainage characteristics, and surface treatment,
such as seeding. Whenever the net water
infiltration is posivive, leaching is inevitable.
Refuse field capacity increases significantly
as refuse size decreases. With increasing dry
density, the increase of refuse field capacity
will asymptotically approach a maximum which is
size dependent. Time of first leachate
appearance can be greatly shifted by adjusting
refuse and soil physical parameters and
placement time. However, it is probable that
placement time is not really controllable to any
large degree. Leachate production can be
attributed to one or all of the following
sources: refuse compaction and placement,
channeling, an advanced wetting front, and the
main wetting front. Finally, because of their
unique storage and behavior capabilities,
landfills are able to develop mounds of water
storage which locally raise the gronndwater
table. This is particularly signifcant where the
hydraulic characteristics of the landfill system
are very different from the surrounding soils,
and where a local depression is filled.
238
Retention of Certain Radioactive Ions by the
Suspensions of Surface Basins and by Certain
Active Earths in Rumania
Furnica, G.; Institute of Hygiene, Bucharest,
Romania
COHF-690918- (Vol. 2), From Conference on
Radioecology. Cadarache, France, (p. 181-200);
1970
ADSORPTION; CHELATES; DEPOSITS; BTDROLOGI; ROCKS;
SLURRIES; SOILS; CESIOH 134; IODINE 131; IBON 59;
SILVER 110; SODIOfl 22; STHOHTIOH 85; ZI»C 65;
RIVERS; HOD; PH; SILT
A study was made of the retention, by mud taken
from the river of Dimbovitza-Bucharest, of the
isotopes Ha 22, Sr 85, Ag 110, Cs 134, Zn 55, Fe
59, and I 131 dissolved in the water. These
isotopes are fixed by the mud in different
proportions, i.e., 15 percent Na, 45 percent Sr,
37 percent I, 97 percent Zn, 95 percent Fe, or 98
percent Cs. By elntion of the mad retaining Na
22, Sr 85, or Ag 110, a phenomenon of ion
exchange between the radioactive ions and the
natural product was observed. The sand fixes
separately: 3.6 percent Na, 22 percent Ag, 72
percent Zn, 8.8 percent I, 99 percent Cs, 93
percent Sr, or 94 percent Fe. Treatment of the
sand with 5 percent HN03 or 10 percent HC1 alters
the radioactive Ion retention capacity. Similar
determinations were made with montmorillonitic
bentonites, the retention observed being greater
with respect to Cs and smaller with respect to Na.
239
Decomposition of Organic Hercurial Compounds by
Hercury-Hesistant Bacteria
Furukawa, K.; Suzuki, T.; Tonomura, K.
Agr. Biol. Chem., 33, 128-130; 1969
DECOHPOSITION; BACTERIA; BERCURT; BERCORIALS;
ORGANCHERCORIALS
240
Study of the Sorption of Lead by Hydrous Ferric
Oxide
Gadde, R.R.; Laitinen, H.A.
Environ. Lett. (EVLTAX) , 5(4), 223-35; 1973
ADSORPTION; ANALYSIS; HEAVY HETALS; LEAD;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; CLAY; DESORPTION; HANGANESB
HYDROXIDE; FERRIC HYDROXIDE
Clay fractions of soils which are known to
contain hydrous oxides of iron and nanganese show
strong absorption of heavy metals which are
desorbed under acid conditions causing
environmental problems.
241
Sorption of Lead by Hydrous Ferric Oxide
Gadde, R.R.; Laitinen, 8.A.; Sch. Chem. Sci.,
Oniv. Illinois, Drbana, 111.
Environ. Lett. (ENVLTAX), 5(4), 223035; 1973
LEAD; SOHPTION; HYDROOS IRON; OXIDES; SOILS;
FERRIC OXIDE; PH; SEDIMENTS; DRAINAGE; ACID BIHE
RONOFF; ADSORPTION; ANALYSIS; CLAY
Sorption of lead on synthetic hydrous ferric
oxide as a function of lead concentration and pH
is described. The environmental consequences of
reversible lead sorption with pH are discussed.
Hydrous ferric oxide, whether in soils,
sediments, or acid mine runoffs can adsorb large
amounts of lead at a favorable pH and release it
guickly as the pH decreases.
242
Desorption of Arsenates from Soils by Water
Galba, J.j Vys. Sk. Polnohospod., Nitra, Czech.
Pol' Nohospodarstvo(POLNAJ) 1972, 18(11) 945-52;
1972
ARSENATE; SOILS; DESOBPTION; WATER
34
-------
243-250
2U3
irsenate Sorption in Soils. 3.Effect of Soil
Solution pH On the Intensity of Arsenate Sorption
Galba, J.; Univ. Agric. , Hitca, Czech.
Pol'Rohospodarstvo (POLNAJ) 18 (12) 1055-61; 1972
ARSENATE; SOHPTIOH; SOILS; PB; ARSENIC
The sorption of acsenates by soil types ranging
fron illimerized brovn earth to calcareous meadow
soil vas studied. The amount of arsenic sorbed
was less at higher pH and the change in the
intensity of sorption vas also related to the
nature of the colloidal fraction.
24V
Rate of Sorption of Arsenates by Soil in the
Presence of Various Concentrations of Salts
Galba, J.; Vysoka skola pol*nohospodarska. Ultra,
Czechoslovakia
Pol'nohospodarstvo 18, 73U-7U1
SORPTION: ARSBNATB; SOILS; ARSENIC; SALTS;
SORPTION RATE
An increase in the concentration of salts
increased the amount of arsenate sorbed in the
order Ca (NO3) 2 greater than KC1 greater than
(NH»)2SO» greater than NaNO3. Scrption rate vas
closely related to the CaO + HgO:A12O3 t Fe203
ratio.
2U5
Migration and Leaching of Metals from Old Nine
Tailings Deposits
Galbraith, J.H.; Williams, B.E.; Siems, P.L.
Ground Rater, 10(3), 33-»
-------
251-254
251
Persistence, Degradation and Bioactivity of
Phorate and Its Oxldative Analogues in Soil
Getzin, L.R.; Shanks, C.H., Jr.
J. Econ. Entomol., 63(1), 52-58; 1970
PERSISTENCE; PHORATE; THIN LATER CHRONATOGRAPHY;
GAS-LIQOID CHROHATOGRAPBT; INSECT BIOASSAT;
INSECTS; SULFUR OXIDES; SULFONE; SILTY LOAM:
CRICKET; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHT; COLOHN
CHROHATOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION; BIOASSAT
The persistence of phorate and its five ozidative
analogues in soil vas determined with thin-layer
chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and
insect bioassay. Phorate and its oxygen
analogues were rapidly oxidized to their
respective sulfoxides and sulfones. Phorate and
its sulfoxide and sulfone persisted beyond 16
weeks in a silt loam at 25 degrees C. The
thiolate analogues degraded to low levels, within
2 to 8 days. Phorate was highly toxic to a
cricket, ACHETA PENNSTLVANICOS (Bnrmeister), in
direct soil bioassay tests. A lack of contact
and fumigant toxicity against crickets suggested
that phorate snlfoxide and phorate sulfone were
tightly absorbed by soil constituents. The
toxicity of soil treated with phorate sulfoxide
was greater several weeks after application than
it was immediately following treatement because
small amounts of the sulfoxide were converted to
phorate. The conversion of phorate sulfoxide to
phorate in soil was verified with gas
chromatography, column chromatography and insect
bioassay. (17 references)
253
The Influence of some Soil Forming Factors on the
Content and Distribution of Trace Elements in
Soil Profiles. Part 1. The Occurrence of Copper
and Manganese in Soils with Regard to the Relief
Glinski, J.
Ann Oniv Nariae Cnrie-Sklodowska Sect S Agric 22
1968 21-35.
SPECTRAL EMISSION ANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTIONJ TRACE
ELEMENTS; OCCURRENCE; COPPER; MANGANESE; SOILS
25K
The Occurrence of Trace Elements, Copper,
Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Vanadium, Strontium,
and Barium, in the Soils and Hay in the Northern
Part of Region of the sieprz-Krzna Canal
Glinski, J.; Krnpinski, A.
Ann Oniv Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sect E Agric 21
1969 67-78.
HARSH; PEAT; OCCURRENCE; TBACB ELEMENTS; COPPER;
HANGANESE; COBALT; NICKEL; VANADIDH; STRONTIUM;
BAHIOH; SOILS; HAY
252
Fate of a Mercuric-Hercuroas Chloride Fungicide
Added to Turfgrass
Gilmour, J.T.; Miller, M.S.; Dep. Soil Sci.,
Oniv. Wisconsin, Madison, Hi
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1973, 2(1) 1H5-8; 1973
GRASSES; MERCURY; FUNGICIDES; VOLATILIZATION;
SOILS; DISTRIBUTION; UPTAKE; TOHFGBASS; ROOTS;
HETALS; BENTGRASS; CALOCL08; REMOVAL
Mercury volatilization is the dominant factor in
mercury loss from calo-clor applied to turfgrass
or soil. Hhen 0.3-1.2 g calo-clor/m2 was applied
to creeping bentgrass (AGROSTIS PALOSTRIS) in the
greenhouse, 14-56% of the total mercury was lost
in 57 days. Plant uptake and removal upon catting
did not account for these losses, which were
attributed to volatilization of metallic mercury
formed in the tnrfgrass-soil system. where
additions were made in the tnrfgrass root zone,
loss was reduced, and the redistribution of
mercury in the soil followed a pattern which was
in qualitative agreement with metallic mercury
formation and redistribution. Data from
experiments carried out with bare soil supported
the findings on mercury volatilization.
36
-------
255-260
255
Mercury
Goldwater. L.J.; clarkson, T.R.
Part of Lee, D.H.K., Hetallic Contaminants and
Human Health, Academic Press, Rev York, Chapter 2
(p. 17-55), 2»1 p.; 1972
HERCOST; CINNABAR; CIRCULATION; LITHOSPHERE;
HYDROSPHERE: ATMOSPHERE; RATIR; BIOSPHERE; SOILS;
PESTICIDES; MERCURIC CHLORIDE; BERCOROOS
CHLORIDES; FISH; SHELLFISH; FUNGICIDES;
ALKTLHBBCOHT; AHYLHEBCORY; ALKOIIALKYLHEBCDBY;
PBBHYLHBBCUBT; MBTHYLHERCORY; SLIHICIDES; TUNA;
SKORDFISH; VAPOB; FOOD CHAINS; FIATHEBS; BIRDS;
METHYLAT ION; BBAIN; EMZTBES; BLOOD BBAIN BABBIEB;
KIDNETS; EICBETIOM; FECBS; INHALATION;
PHEDHOHITIS; SYHPTOHOLOGY; CONGENITAL DEFECTS;
CEREBRAL PALSY; MENTAL RETARDATION; DOSE/RESPONSE
RELATIONSHIP; FOODS; BLOOD; BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE;
HICE; BATS; SEALS; DONKEYS; POULTRY; CBABS; PIKE;
FLOOHDBB; EELS; DRINKING RATER; BLOOD LEVELS;
BLOOD PLASMA; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSOBES; ANIBALS
Bercory is one of the least abundant elements,
namely about 2.7E-6 percent in the earth's crust.
The only commercial ore is the snlfide,
cinnabar. Usually the concentration in natural
waters is less than 0.1 micrograms per liter but
occasionally values up to several micrograms per
liter and infrequently higher values. In the
lithosphece the range is 3 parts per billion to
10 parts per million. In the atmosphere normal
values are 1 to 10 nanograms per cubic meter.
There is some circulation of natural •ercury,
with it evaporating into the atmosphere, being
washed oat with rain and flowing into the ocean,
etc. Han has affected this natural circulation,
in some ways and places seriously, Mercury
compounds have been used as slimicides in pulp
and paper plants, organic mercury compounds have
been used as fungicides on seed grain and large
quantities of mercury and its compounds have been
lost and discharged to streams. Some mercury has
evaporated and more has been emitted into the
atiosphere as a result of burning coal. Rithin
the last 5 years, it has been found that some of
this mercury is methylated, is concentrated in
little fish, and even more so in large predator
fish and in fish-eating birds, to the point that
there is a hazard to man, which has resulted in
serious pathological effects in Hinamata, Japan..
Almost all the methyl mercury is absorbed in both
fish and man and has a long biological half life
in both, so that with a small steady intake, the
level builds up. Graphs of build up and
excretion are given. Severe cases of organic
mercury poisoning have resulted from eating seed
grain treated by mercury fungicides or from
eating pork fed on such grain. The predominant
feature is permanant organic injury to the brain
resulting in weakness, paralysis, loss of vision
and disturbed cerebral function. Severe cases
become comatose and end fatally. In flinimata,
Japan, the problems arose from eating mercury
contaminated fish and shellfish, apparently over
several years. In both the above cases females
without obvious symptoms gave birth to infants
with congenital defects such as cerebral palsy,
mental retardation, etc. Goldberg points out that
various factors have complicated dose-response
relationship and that minimal response has often
been found with exposures greatly in excess of
the accepted threshold value. Re points out that
the nature of the compound has a considerable
effect on the absorption metabolism, excretion,
and ability to pass barriers within the body. He
says plasma concentrations of mercury are more
significant than whole blood values.
256
Contamination of Underground Rater by Raste Dumps
and Implications for Methods of Besidue Removal.
Golwer, A.; Batthess, G.; Schneider, R.
Trib. CBBBDEAU (Cent. Beige. Etude Doc. Eaux
Air), 25(3H7),
-------
261-264
261
Circulation of Elements Between Vegetation and
Soil in Pine Forests and in Larch Forests in the
Karelian Isthmus
Govorenko, B.F.
Sb. Tr., Tsent. Buz. Pochvoved. (STPDA9) 5,
103-130; 1972
TRACE ELEBENTS; NUTRIENTS; PIHES ; LABCH; FORESTS;
SOILS; CYCLING: LITTEB
262
Solutions to Problems of Soil Pollution by
Agricultural Chemicals.
Graham-Bryce, I.J.; Rothamsted Exp. Sta.,
Rarpenden, Herts., England
Part of Barrekette, E.S. (Ed.), Pollution:
Engineering and Scientific Solutions, Plena*
Press, Sew York-London (p. 133-117); 1973
SOILS; AGBICDLTORAL CHEHICALS; HERBICIDES;
ORGANOCHLORINES; BET4LS; FERTILIZERS;
DEGRADATION; SOILS; DECONTAMINATION; ADSORBENTS
The problem of soil pollution by agricultural
chemicals primarily involves persistent chemicals
like the ocganochlorines and heavy metals, but
soie herbicides and fertilizers can also
contribute. In general, chemicals are lore
readily evaporated and photochemically degraded
when they are on the soil surface than when
incorporated into the soil. Cultivation as a
•eans of decontamination should be liiited to
soils with incorporated chemical. Addition of
adsorbents such as activated carbon lay have soie
occasional usefulness when large quantities of
herbicide are reguired for non-recurrent control
of a resistant weed. Increasing general
•icrobial activity by the addition of sugars or
various composts or by raising the temperature or
•aintaining a moist condition is one of the best
ways to accelerate biological degradation.
Replacement of persistent chemicals by
alternative methods of pest control or by less
persistent, more specific chemicals is frequently
a better approach than employing the above
mentioned methods for decontamination of the
soil. Care must be exercised, however, in the
introduction of biological controls as well.
Bore efficient use of pesticides can be
accomplished by application only to the target
site, use of granular rather than emulsion
formulations, microencapsulation, and
exploitation of insect behavior. (45 references)
for analyses were taken from 1 different depths
and in nine cases—from 2 depths. The first 7
soil profiles have been made in the direction of
prevailing winds. The nearest soil profile was
set up at the distance of about 200 meters, the
farthest—at the distance of 7.5 kilometers from
the factory fencing. It has been stated that the
highest zinc, lead and cadmium concentration
occurs in upper soil layer (0-10 centimeter) . At
the depth of 11-20 centimeters much less amounts
of the above elements have been observed. Bith
the depth increase a decrease of amount of the
elements investigated occurs. At the depth of
100 centimeters the amount' of these elements
investigated occurs. At the depth of 100
centimeters the amount of these elements
approximates that in non-contaminated soils. In
the zone where total plant cover destruction took
place (to about 600-800 meters from the factory
was distinctly less than that in the soil
profiles at the distance of 200 or 600 meters
from the factory. In both latter points the
amounts of the determined elements approximated
each other. With distance increase (over 600
meters) their content distinct decrease. It has
been stated that the pollutants falling down upon
the soil (particularly those of zinc, lead and
cadmium) do not migrate into deeper soil profile
layers, what gives evidence of their little
mobility. The reaction of the soils investigated
approximated the neutral one, at which pH of the
surface soil layers (particularly at nearer
distances from the factory) was higher than that
of the deeper layers. It shows that the soil was
alkalized by dustfall and that the influence of
acid contaminants (e.g., sulfur dioxide) was less
than it has been supposed. The plant cover
destruction in the vicinity of zinc metallurgy
factories is connected mainly with the presence
of excessive zinc and lead amount, at
simultaneous occurrence of the other trace
elements, such as copper or cadmium, and not of
sulphur compounds emission. This is corroborated
also by the fact that in the vicinity of big
power stations, where the amounts of the emitted
sulphur compounds are even more higher, plants
are growing.
26
-------
265-272
265
The Adsorption of Hn, Co a ad Zn by Geothite Fro»
Dilate Solutions
Grine, R.
Z. Pflernahr. Bodenk., 121, 58-65; 1968
HANGANESE; COBALT; ZINC; COPPER; IRON; TRACE
ELEMENTS; iDSOBPTIOH; HABHATITB; AHORPBOOS;
FERRIC OXIDE; PB; HYDROXIDES; GOETHITB; ION
EXCHANGE; PROTONS
On shaking synthetic goethite vitb trace-element
containing KIIO 3 solution, adsorption of the
cations at a given pH increased in the order (pH
values at which adsorption started are given in
brackets) : manganese (pH 5) less than cobalt (pB
U.6) less than zinc (pH 4) less than copper (pR
3) ; thus, at pB 5, adsorption of manganese vas
2.5%, cobalt vas 7*, zinc vas 13*, and copper vas
78*. There was a close linear relationship
between the pB value at which a given aiount of
cation was adsorbed and the negative logarithm of
the solubility products of the respective
hydroxides. In contrast to ion exchange by other
clay minerals, exchange by goethite occurred
between protons of the positively charged inner
part of the electric doable layer and metal
cations in the solution; one proton exchanged for
about one divalent cation. It is suggested that
trace elements are concentrated in Pe-oxides of
soils by first becoming adsorbed on the surface
and then being occluded and irreversibly fixed
when the oxide particle grows. Baematite and
amorphous Pe-oxide behaved essentially in the
saie way as goethite.
266
Hydrocarbons in Buian Environment. Part 9.
Content of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Iceland Soil
Grimmer, G.; Jacob, J.; Bildebrandt, A.
Z. Krebsforsch Klin Onkol, 78(1), 65-72; 1972
PLANTS; SOILS; HYDROCARBONS; ROMANS; POLTCICLIC
HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBONS
267
Effect of (lain Soil Properties on Zinc Chemical
Status
Gromova, E.A.; DSSR
Agrokhiiiya(AGKTAO) 1973, (1) 1*7-53; 1973
REVIER; ZINC; SOILS; CHELATES; FERTILIZERS
269
Extraction of 3 Amino-1, 2, 4 Triazole (Aiitrole)
and 2, 6-Dichloro-U-nitro Aniline from Soils
Groves, K. ; Chough, K.S.; Agricultural Chemistry
Department, Washington state University, Pullman,
Ra
J. Agric. Food. Chem., 19(5), 1971, 840-841
DCNA; SOILS; ARITROLE; TRIAZOLE; HEXANE
The recoveries of aiitorle from non-sterile soil
1 and 17 days after application were 36.7 and
3.2* and 96.6 and 15.2* with water and a
NBUOH-glycol (5*20) mixture, respectively.
Corresponding figures for sterile soil were 09.6
and 36.9* and 97.3 and 67.7*. A in
BCL-acetone-glycol (1 plus 1 plus 8) ilxutre was
much better than hexane for the extraction of
DCNA from soils.
270
Bicrobial Degradation of Organic Pollutants of
Industrial Origin
Gunner, R.B.
O.S. Gov Res Develop Rep, 71(3), 1971, 40-41
PB-195 982
DIAZINON; INSECTICIDES; INDDSTRT; DEGRADATION
271
Influence of Various Organic Raterials on the
Recovery of Holybdenum and Copper Added to a
Sandy Clay Loai Soil
Gupta, D.C.
Plant Soil, 34(1), 1971, 249-253
PEAT; FARHTARD HANORE; HANORE; SOILS; CLAT; SAND;
HOLYBDENOH; COPPER; SANDT CLAT; LOAH
272
The Relationship of Soil Properties to
Exchangeable and Rater-Soluble Copper and
Holybdenum Status in Podzol Soils in Eastern
Canada
Gupta, O.C.; Hackay, D.C.
Soil Sci. Soc. Aier. Proc., 30, 373-375; 1966
SOILS; HATER; COPPER; HOLTBDEROH; PODZOL
268
Geologic Aspects of Raste Solids and Marine Raste
Deposits, New-York Hetropolitan Region
Gross, H.G.
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83(11), 3163-3176; 1972
CARBON; COPPER; SILVER; LEAD; GEOLOGY; HARINE
DISPOSAL; SOLID RASTES; INDUSTRIAL BASTES
39
-------
273-278
Detailed characterization of Soil and Vegetation
on selected Sites to Serve as Basis for Future
Evaluation of Effect of Radioactive Contamination
Haqhiri. F.; Ohio Agricultural Research and
Development Center, Booster
Technical Progress Report, March 1,
1969—November 26, 1969, 73 p.; 1969
AGRICULTURE; SOILS; STROHTIOH 90; CHOPS;
PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; CALCIUM OIIDES; LIME;
HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; LEACHING; METABOLISM;
PLANTS; HATER; RETENTION
The movement of Sr 90 in the soil profile and the
removal of Sr 90 by runoff, leachate, and plants
uptake as influenced by soil and crop management
practices are presented. Over a 7 yyear period,
the net rate of Sr 90 loss from 0 to » inch depth
by various processes was maximum under gravel
mulch and minimum under permanent grass cropping
systems. The distribution of Sr 90 in the top 12
inches of soil profile was influenced by cropping
system and liming. The concentration of Sr 90 at
3 to 12 inch depth under gravel mulch was
approximately 10 times higher than permanent
grass system. The application of high rates of
lime reduced the downward movement of Sr 90. The
percent of the initial application of Sr 90
removed by runoff decreased while its loss by
leachate increased during the 7 year period. The
distribution of Sr 90 in various part of the
winter wheat plant during 1968 to 1969 was 65% in
straw, 27* in chaff, and 8» in grain. The
distribution of Sr 90 in corn fodder was 99K
while in shelled corn it was 1X of the total Sr
90 taken up by the corn plant. The total percent
Sr 90 removed by runoff, leachate, and plant
uptake after a 7 year period was 16,<107, 13,655,
12,<»81, 10,828, and 9,231 for gravel mulch,
rotation a (low lime), continuous corn, rotation
b (high lime), and permanent grass respectively.
The effects of various rates of fenac, benzac,
trifluralin, CIPC, Pyramin, and diguat herbicides
on the absorption of Sr 90 by soil were studied.
Among these herbicides, diquat was tha most
effect in releasing from scil or reducing the
adsorption of Sr 90 by soil. Its effect was more
pronounced under low than high pH soil. High
rates of lime had a depressing effect on the
removal of Sr 90-Y 90 by leaching with water in
the presence of paraquat herbicide. Paraquat
appears to be most effective in replacing
strontium ion in acid soils with low clay and low
organic matter contents. The two soils (Dunbar
and Lynchburg) , furnished by the DSDA, were
treated with Sr*» and the retention of Sr»+ was
compared to other soils. The carves for the
adsorption and displacement of Sr 90 was similar
to the soils used in previous experiments and
reported in earlier reports. Th«
non-displaceable Sr was approximately 30* of the
total adsorbed. Soil samples were analyzed for
boron content after the samples were methylated
at various rates of BF3-HeOH. The boron content
of the samples increased with increasing rates of
BF3. Therefore, methylation of soil organic
matter with the BF3 method is of a limited value
in soil's work, it would be of value in soil
organic matter fractions that contain compounds
that are not reactive with BF3, for example fatty
acids. The sample of runoff water from
micro-plots was electrodialyzed and Sr 90 was
detected in the anode chamber. The sample Is
being fractionated for IR and gas chromatographic
analyses. The distribution of Sr 90 from soybean
and corn tissue in soil columns was determined.
The least movement was in the muck soil coluin
and the most movement in the Rooster soil coluin.
There were no conclusive differences between the
tissues. (Auth)
271
Significance of pR and Chloride Concentration on
Behavior of Heavy Hetal Pollutants: flercury
(II), Cadmium (II), Zinc(II), and Lead(II)
Bahne, H.C.R.; Kroontje, R.
J. Environ. Quality, 2, UUU-U50; 1973
PH; CHLORIDES; MERCURY; CADHIOM; ZINC; LEAD;
HEATI METALS
275
The Simultaneous Effect of pB and Chloride
Concentrations Upon Mercury 2 as a Pollutant
Hahne, H.C.B.; Kroontje, R.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc, 37(6), 838-813; 1973
ACID BINE DRAINAGE; RIVERS; SEA; (TATER; SOILS;
CLAI; HINERALS; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT; CHLORIDES;
PH; MERCUHT
276
Some Chemical Principles of Grottndwater Pollution
Hall, E.S.
Ground Rater Pollution Conf., 105-121
ADSORPTION; BIOCONVERSI08; DECOMPOSITION;
DEGRADATION; FERROUS METALS; HEAVY METALS;
OXIDATION; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATES; SOILS;
UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS; HATER; AQUIFERS;
GROUNDRATER
Oxidation-reduction reactions for nitrogen
compounds and iron sulphide, adsorption of
organics metals and salts during the movement of
a pollution front through an aguifer rock are
discussed.
277
Electrophoresis Patterns of Needle Enzymes in
Long leaf and Sonderegger Pines
Hamaker, J.H.; Synder, E.B.;
O.S. for Serv. Bes. Note SO, 151, 1-8; 1973
ELECTROPHORBSIS; NEEDLE ENZYMES; SONDEBEGGEB
PINE; PINES; TREES; ISOZYHES; LOHGLBAF PINE
278
Adsorption
Hamaker, J.R.; Thomposon, J.H.
Part of Goring, C.A.; Hamaker, J.R. (Eds.),
Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Vol.
1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, (p. U9-1»3)
1UO p.; 1972
ADSORPTION; SOILS
40
-------
279-281
279
Hydrogeological Problems in the Btninq of
Onbalanced Reserves of Deposits of Son ferrous
Betal Ores by Biological Leaching
Hanzlik, J.; Horn. Ostav. Cesk. Akad. Ved,
Prague, Czech.
icta Mont. (ACHTCX) , Mo. 21, 5-23; 1972
RETIER; COPPER; LEACHING; HYDROGEOLOGY: MINING;
IORFERRODS ORBS; ORB
280
Agricultural Research I•pact on Environment
Hargrove, T.R.
Iowa Agric. Home Bcon. Ezp. Stn. Spec. Rep. 69,
7-80; 1972
SOILS; EROSION; PESTICIDES; NUTRIENTS;
ENRICHMENT; LIVESTOCK; RASTES; AGRICULTURE
281
Mercury Investigations 1966-1970.
Fish, iater and Sediment
Hercary in
Hasselrot, T.B.; The National Swedish Environment
Protection Board, Research Laboratory, Drothning
KRISTINAS Tag 47, 111-28 Stockholm, Sveden
SNV PII-239 OLV (parts 1 and 2), 781 p.; 1972,
October 1
BEHCOBI; SEDIMENTS; LAKES; RITBRS; RATER; PISH;
PIKE; BLACK-LISTED AREAS; SAMPLING; NEUTRON
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOHETRY; METHYLHERC08Y; INTAKE; CA6BD
FISH EXPOSURE; SALHON FRT; RAIMB08 TRODT;
FRESHWATER; SEA RATER; BLOOD; HEHATOCRITB VALOE;
MUSCLES; LITER; SAMPLE HOMOGENIZATIOH; PH;
DISSOLTED OXYGEN; CONDOCTITITY; SALINITY: RATES
HARDNESS; HEAVY METALS; COLOR; CONCENTRATION;
PULP MILLS; PAPER HILLS; RASTEBATER; CHLOH-ALKALI
PLANTS; MINES; ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT;
PHENOXYETHYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE; PBENYLMERCDRIC
ACETATE; CORN; SEED DRESSING STATIONS; BERCDRY
DISCHARGES; DREDGING SPOILS; SERAGE
The mercury contained in the top 3 ci of bottoi
sediments in 51 Swedish black-listed areas was
for 47 percent less than 500 nanograis per grai;
for 3.9 percent 10-50,000 manograms per gra» and
for 2.0 percent greater than 50,000 nanograis per
gram. Sediments fro* non-contaiinated areas gave
•uch lower values: 23 nanograis per grai,
•onntain areas in north; 95 nanograis per grai,
remaining north; 157 nanograis per grai, central
part; 159 nanograis per grai, south; 43 nanograis
per grai, Baltic lean; 115 nanograis per grai.
northern west sea coast; Stockholm archipelago;
1440 nanograis per grai, inner part, 203
nanograis per grai, outer part. Other
concentration of mercury are given: 30-81
nanograis per grai for cultivated soil; 60
nanograis pergrai, mean value of earth's crust;
10 nanograis per grai, Swedish bed rocks.
Usually there was an obvious relationship to tb«
high values found; palp and papers lills, other
cellulose industry, chlor-alkali plants, certain
lining industries (3IX), electrical apparatus
(rectifiers) and cheiical plants manufacturing
seed dressings, sliiicides, vinyl chloride
(mercury catalyst) , and other products (refined
mercury, phosphate fertilizer, etc.) Stations
for dressing seeds had small unimportant losses.
Although there was a very large variation in the
•ercnry concentration in the surface sediments in
the 51 areas, there was no correlation between
the values and the mercury content of fish caught
in these areas (correlation coefficient-0.08).
Likewise, there was no correlation between the
•ercury content of the sediments and organic
•atter, pH, hardness, iron content, etc. Usually
the mercury content of the surface sediments was
apprecially hgiher than that of deeper sediments;
from 1-1.5 meters beneath the bottom surface and
lower, values of tens of nanograis per grai were
found. There were however, exceptions due to the
mobility of the sediments. The mercury content
of water was measured less often. Rater samples
give instantaneous values and therefore, are not
representative of a good average value. Even
after centrifugation, auch of the mercury is
attached to particles (and therefore cannot be
concentrated in fish) . Usually, the mercury
content of water was very ion (0.05-0 5 nanograis
per gram) and near the limit of analysis, Sose
high values were found in water, eg. belo,: a
chlor-alkali plant (34.3 nanograis per graas;,
waste water effluents from Oppala and Gothenburg
(7-15 nanograis per grai) (85 kilogram mercury
per year from Gothenburg) . Sewage treatment
plants retained about 75 percent of the incoming
mercury. Sampling and analytical procedures are
given in detail, and experiments on mercury
concentration in fish fry (mostly salmon) were
carried out.
41
-------
282-285
282
Ingested Soil as
Grazing Animals
a Source of Microelements for
Hasselrot, T.B.; New Zealand Department of
Scientific and Industrial Research, Soil Bureau,
F.B., Lower Hutt, New Zealand; New Zealand
Departnent of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.B., Lower Hutt,
New Zealand: Massey University, Dairy Husbandry
Department, PalmerstonNorth, New Zealand
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Res., 13(3),
503-521; 1970
SOILS; ADSORPTION; COBALT 60; MANGANESE 51;
SELENION 75; ZINC 65; BLOOD; OHINE; FECES;
ANIMALS; TISSUE; ABSORPTION
The mercury contained in the top 3 c» of bottom
sediments in 51 Swedish black-listed areas was
for t7 percent less than 500 nanograms per gram;
for 3.9 percent 10-50,000 nanograms per gram and
for 2.0 percent greater than 50,000 nanograms per
gram. Sediments from non-contaminated areas gave
much lower values: 23 nanograms per gram,
mountain areas in north; 95 nanograms per gram,
remaining north; 157 nanograms pec gram, central
part; 159 nanograms per gram, south; 13 nanograms
per gran, Baltic mean; 115 nanograms per gram,
northern west sea coast; Stockholm archipelago;
11HO nanograms per gram, inner part, 203
nanograms per gram, outer part. Other
concentrations of mercury are given: 30-81
nanograms per gram for cultivated soil; 60
nanograms per gram, mean value of earth's crust;
10 nanograms per gram, Swedish bed rocks.
Usually there was an obvious relationship to the
high values found: pulp and paper mills, other
cellulose industry, chlor-alkali plants, certain
mining industries (31%), electrical apparatus
(rectifiers) and chemical plants manufacturing
seed dressings, slimicides, vinyl chloride
(mercury catalyst), and other products (refined
mercury, phosphate fertilizer, etc.) . Stations
for dressing seeds had small nniiportant losses.
Although there was a very large variation in the
mercury concentration in the surface sediments in
the 51 areas, there was no correlation between
the values and the mercury content of fish caught
in these areas (correlation coefficient-0.08).
Likewise, there was no correlation beteeen the
mercury content of the sediments and organic
matter, pH, hardness, iron content, etc. Usually
the mercury content of the surface sediments was
appreciably higher than that of deeper sediments:
from 1-1.5 meters beneath the bottom surface and
lower, values of tens of nanograms per gram were
found. There were, however, exceptions due to
the mobility of the sediments. The mercury
content of water was measured less often. Rater
samples give instantaneous values and therefore,
are not representative of a good average value.
Even after centrifugation, much of the mercury is
attached to particles (and therefore cannot be
concentrated in fish). Usually, the mercury
content of water was very low (0.05-0.5 nanograms
per gram) and near the limit of analysis. Some
high values were found in water, e.g., below a
chlor-alkali plant (3U. 3 nanograms per grams),
waste water effluents from Oppala and Gothenburg
(7-15 nanograms per gram) (85 kilogram mercury
per year from Gothenburg). Sewage treatment
plants retained about 75 percent of the incoming
mercury. Sampling and analytical procedures are
given in detail, and experiments on mercury
concentration in fish fry (mostly salmon) were
carried out.
283
Arsenic Fixation by Soils
Hebert, J.; floischot, P.
C.H. 225, 1179-1181; 19U7
ARSENATE; CLAY; DRAINAGE HATER; WATER; LEAD;
CALCIOM; SOILS
Soluble arsenates in concentrations below 10
•g/litre of As203 were rapidly fixed by clay, but
with higher concentrations only 1/U was fixed
rapidly and the remainder quite slowly, so that
heavy applications may pass to the drainage
water. This risk applies also to the less
soluble arsenates (Pb, Ca) , when applied to soil
with insufficient clay, especially if the soil is
acid or decalcified.
281
Hicrobial Transformations of Arsenate and Arsenite
Heimbrook, N.E.; Morrison, S.M.
Abstr. Annu. Meet Am. Soc. Microbial. 73, »8; 1973
HIC80BIOLOGT; TRANSFORHATION; ARSENIC; ABSENATE;
ARSENITE
285
Accelerating the Decomposition of the Active
Principles of Plant Protectants in the Soil
Heinisch, E.; Beifenstein, H.; Dinkier, R.; Inst.
Pflanzenschutzforsch. Kleinmachnow, Akad.
Landvirtschaftswiss-, Klein Nachnow, E. Ger.
Arch. Pflanzenschutz(AVPZAR) 1972, 8 (U) 313-21;
1972
CHLORATE; HERBICIDES; SOILS; SULFITE; SPENT
LIflOIOH; AGRICULTURE; NITRITE; INDUSTRY;
DECOMPOSITION; DISSIPATION; REDUCTION; LINDANE;
TRIAZINE; SODIUM CHLOBATE; SOILS; LOAM;
PERSISTENCE; PH; DECONTAMINATION; REMOVAL
Methods for accelerating the dissipation of
pesticide residues from the soil generally entail
assisting natural degradation and removal
processes. Intensive cultivation and irrigation
of a truck gardening field permitted the removal
of the large guantities of lindane (3-1 times the
recommended annual application rate) required for
cultivating two crops a year. Calcium polysulfide
has been suggested as a soil additive to promote
chemical decomposition of triazine herbicides.
Sodium chlorate residues have persisted at toxic
levels for up to six weeks after application in
loam soils. Since chlorate ion is a strong
oxidizing agent in acid solution, application of
a sulfite waste liquor to soil was studied for
neutralization of chlorate residues. In vitro
tests revealed that the chlorate-chloride
reduction is highly pH-dependent and generally
does not proceed to completion. The sulfite in
the solution (as well as sodium nitrite, which
could also be considered as a soil decontaminant
because of its availability in large guantities
at a low price) is broken dovn at a low pR,
losing effectiveness. Field experiments generally
confirmed the poor laboratory results with this
decontamination method although these experiments
have have not been completed.
42
-------
286-295
286
Ion-Exchange Kinetics
Helfferich, p.; shell Development Coipany,
Emeryville, CA
Part of Harinsky. J.A. (Ed.), Ion Exchange,
Volume 1, Dept. of Chemistry, State University
of Mew York at Buffalo, Buffalo, HI, (p. 65-100),
424 p.; 1966
ION EXCHANGE; KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS; IOHIC
THEORY
287
Part 1. Persistence of Chlorthiamid In Soil.
Part 2. Influence of Chlorthiamid and
Dichlobenil on Carbon Dioxide Liberation,
Ammonification and nitrification in Soil
Helveg, A.
Tidsskr. Planteavl., 76(2), 145-155; 1972
PERSISTENCE; CHLOHTHIAMID; DICHLOBBNIL; CUBBON
DIOXIDE LIBERATION; AHHONIFICATION;
NITRIFICATION; HERBICIDES; PHYTOTOXICITT; SOILS
288
Chlorfenvinphos. Persistence and Influence on
Nitrogen Metabolism in Soil
Helveg, A.; Statens Planteavls-Laboratorium,
Lyngby, Denmark
Tidsskr. Planteavl (TPLAAV) 1972, 76(4) 519-27;
1972
CHLORFENVINPHOS; INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENCE;
SOILS; AMMONIFICATION: NITRIFICATION; HETABOLISH;
SOIL flOISTORE
Technical chlorfenvionphos and pure alpha— and
beta- isomers were incubated vith sterile and
non-sterile soil at 25 degrees c and 15% soil
•oisture. Chlorfenvionphos vas much more
persistent in sterile soil than in non-sterile
soil and the beta-isomer vas sore persistent than
the alpha-isomer (20% and 40% of the alpha- and
beta-isomers, respectively, regained from 100 ppm
technical chlorfenviophos after incubation for
170 days). Ammonification vas not significantly
reduced by 1000 ppn chlorfenvinphos.
Nitrification vas almost completely inhibited by
1000 ppm chlorfenvinphos but vas not affected by
10 or 100 ppm.
290
Chemistry and Occurrence of Cadmium and Zinc in
Hater and Gronndvater
Bei, J.D.
Rater Resources Research 8(3), 661-679; 1972
OCCURRENCE; CADMIOH; ZINC; WATER; GROUND RATER
291
Copper Content in Grass and Soil Under Copper
High-Tens!on Lines
Hemkes, O.J.; Rartmans, J.; Inst. Biol. Scheikd.
Onderz. Landbonvgevassen, Rageningen, Neth.
Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. (TIDIAI) 1973, 98(9) 446-9;
1973
COPPER; GRASSES; PORER LINES; SOILS
292
Roadside Lead Contamination in the Hissouri Lead
Belt
Hemphill, D.D.; Harienfeld, C.J.; Reddy, R.S.;
Pierce, J.o.
Arch. Environ. Health, 28(4), 190-194; 1974
VEGETATION; SOILS; ROMANS; ANIMALS; HIKES; DILLS;
SHELTERS; LEAD BELT; LEAD; ROADSIDE
293
Adsorption of Copper from Very Dilute Solutions
by Pare Clay Minerals
Heydemann, A.
Geochlm. Cosiochii. Acta., 15, 305-329; 1959
COPPER; ADSORPTION; CLAY; CLAY MINERALS
294
A Soil Zinc Survey in California
Hibbard, P.L.
Soil Sci. 49: 63-72; 1940
SOILS; ZISC
289
Chemical Behavior of Mercury in Aqueous Media
Hen, J.D.
Part of Mercury in the Environment Geol. Surv.
Prof. Paper 713, U.S. Govt. Printing Office,
Rash. D.C., p. 19-24; 1970
MERCURY; AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS; AQUEOOS MEDIA
295
Lead Fixation by Soil Hniic Acids
Bildebrand, E.E.; Blun, I.E.; Inst. Bodenkd.
Haslenaehrungsl., Dniv. Freiburg, Freiburg/Br.,
Germany
Naturvissenschaften (NATHAY) , 61(3), 128-9; 1974
LEAD FIXATION; HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS; HOMOS; LEAD;
FIXATION
43
-------
296-304
296
Distribution of Arsenic in Soil Profiles After
Repeated Applications of Honosodiim
Bethanearsonate
Hi Itbold, A.E.; Rajek, B.F.; Buchanan, G.A.
Seed Sci., 22(3), 272-275; 1974
HERBICIDES; HOVEBENT; LEACHING; DISTRIBUTION;
ARSENIC; BOHOSODIUH HETHANBARSONATE
299
Effect of Adjuvants on the Uptake of Benomyl from
Planting Bedia by American Elm-D Seedlings
Rock, i.K.; Schreiber, L.R.
Plant Dis Hep 55 (11). 1971 971-974
ADJUVANTS; DPTAKE; BEHOBYL; FONGI; ELB;
SEEDLINGS; ACCOBOLATION; SOUS; PEAT; PERLITE;
SAND
297
Fate of zinc Phosphide and Phosphine in the
Soil-Water Environment
Hilton, H.R.; Robinson, W.B.; Exp. Stn., Hawaii.
Sugar Plant, Assoc., Honolulu, Hawaii
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAFCAU) 1972, 20(6) 1209-13;
1972
ZINC PHOSPHIDE; SOILS; HATER; PBOSPHINE;
HYDROLYSIS; RODENTICIDE; DECOBPOSITIOH; FOOD
CHAIRS; PESTICIDES; FATE; PHOSPHINE; CHOPS;
PLANTS; ZINC; ECOSYSTEBS
Factors affecting the changes of phosphide,
contained in a rodenticide, to phosphine and then
to phosphate are examined.
298
Chelating Ability of Soil Organic Batter
Himes, F.L.; Barber, S.A.; Purdue University,
Agriculture Experimental Station, Lafayette,
Indiana
Soil Science Society of American Proceedings, 21,
368-373; 1957
CHELATION; ZINC; SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER;
ADSORPTION; PH; IONIC STRENGTH; REHOVAL; SANDY
LOAB; LOAB
It was discovered that organic latter reacted
with divalent metal ions in a manner similar to
chelation reactions. Radioactive zinc was used
to facilitate the adsorption measurements.
Multiple regression was used to develop a
prediction equation to determine the amount of
zinc adsorbed as inflnencd by zinc added, pH, and
ionic strength of the solution. Removal of
organic matter by oxidation with hydrogen
peroxide destroyed the ability of the soil to
chelate zinc. Removal of hydrous silicates did
not inflnencd the retention of zinc by the soil.
The organic matter was fractionated into the
humic and fulvic fractions. Both fractions
reacted with zinc in a manner similar to the
untreated soil. Bethylation of the organic
matter was used to determine the functional
groups involved in the chelatton reaction.
Carboxyl groups did not appear to be important.
The stability constant for the zinc soil complex
was investigated by two independent methods. For
a Hanmee sandy loam soil at pB 7 and 2N KC1 it
was found to be S.6.
300
Chemistry of Trace Elements in Soils with
Reference to Trace Element in Concentration in
Plants
Hodgson, J.F.
Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Trace Substances in
Environmental Health - 3rd Annual Conference,
June 21-26, 1969, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Columbia, BO, (p. U5-58) 391 p.; 1970
TRACE ELEBENTS; SOILS; PLANTS; CYCLING; CHEBISTRY
301
Chemistry of the Bicronutrient Elements in Soils
Hodgson, J.F.
Adv. in Agronomy 15: 119-159; 1963
BICRONOTHIENTS; SOILS; CHEHISTHY
302
Bicronutrient Cation Complexes in Soil Solution:
Partition Between Complexed and Uncomplexed Forms
by Solvent Extraction
Hodgson, J.F.; Geering, H.R.; Norvell, i.A.
Soil Sci. Soc. and Proc. 29, 665-669; 1965
SOILS; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; BICRONUTRIENTS; CATION
303
Contributions of Fixed Charge and Bobile
complexing Agents to the Diffusion of Zinc
Hodgson, J.F.; Lindsay, B.L.; Kemper, i.D.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2). 241-244; 1971
ZINC; DIFFUSION; BOBILITY; COBPLKXES
304
Bicronutrient Cation Complexes in Soil Solution:
2. Complexing of Zinc and Copper in Displaced
Solution from Calcareous soils
Hodgson, J.F.; Lindsay, i.L.; Trierweiler, J.F.
Soil Sci. Soc. Proc. 30: 723-726; 1966
ZINC; COPPES; SOILS; HICHONOTRIENTS; CATIOIS
CALCAREOUS SOILS
44
-------
305-309
305
Study of Arsenate Sorption on Soils. 2.
Hagnitude of Adsorption in Relation to Time and
Amorphous Bydrated Oxides of Aluminium and Icon
Holobrady, K.; Galba, 3.
Pol'nohospodarstvo, 16, 575-581; 1970
ARSENATE; SORPTIOH; SOILS; ADSORPTION; PH; IRON
HYDROXIDES; ALORINDH HTDHOXIDBS
The rate of adsorption vas exponential. In
slightly acid and neutral soils, the adsorption
rate vas increased by the presence of hydcated
oxides of iron and aluminum.
306
1 Study of the Sorption of Arsenates in Soils.
1. Adsorption Isotherms of Phospates and Arsenates
Bolobrady, K.; Galba, J-; Chrenekova, B.;
University of Agriculture, ultra
Agriculture, 15(11), 956-963; 1969
ADSORPTION ISOTBBBHS; PBOSPBATBS; ARSBNATE;
SOILS; IOHIC RADII: ALOMINOH OXIDE; IRON OXIDES;
ARSENIC; PHOSPHORUS
The experimental results obtained in the given
conditions by following the adsorption isotherms
of phosphates and arsenates in four earths have
brought us the following knowledge: 1. By
comparing the course of adsorption isotheris of
phosphates and arsenates it is possible to assume
that the bond mechanism of arsenate anions in the
soil is near to that of phosphates, the lover
intensity of sorption of the arsenate anion being
associated with a larger ion radius and thus with
a lower concentration of the total negative
charge on the surface of the arsenate anion. 2.
The degree of sorption of the arsenate anion in a
given earth depends on the chemical and physical
nature of the substrate. Similarly as in the
sorption of phosphates, fro* the point of view of
arsenate bonding a very important component part
is constituted by active isomorphic hydrated
oxides of aluminum and iron, with the content of
which the amount of arsenates, absorbed by the
examined earth, increases.
307
Draft Proposal under the Lav Concerning Pollution
of Soil
Boogendijk Deutsch, S.T.
Haterschapbelangen, 56(18), 273-278; 1971
SOILS; SOIL CONTAHINATION ACT; BEVIEU; BATES;
BEFOGB HANAGEHENT; SOIL CONTAMINATION; GROUND
WATER; POTABLE iATEB; BEFOSE REMOVAL; REPOSE
COLLECTION; REPOSE TRANSPORT; REPOSE; DEPOSAL;
DISCHARGE; SELECTION; REPROCESS
A draft proposal concerning the Soil
Contamination Act to be modified by the
Government of the Netherlands is reviewed. The
principal object of the improvement suggested is
a body of preventive measures as applicable to
soil contamination, water pollution and refuse
management. The design has a preliminary
character and is susceptible to adaptations and
modifications. The draft is based on the
following ideas: the soil should be considered
as the base of human existence. It is defined as
contaminated whenever its physical, chemical or
biological properties have been changed by human
intervention or other causes so as to become less
suitable for any use, e.g., due to adverse
involvement of mechanical, physical, chemical or
microbiological soil features or ground water
pollution. As pertinent to the soil ground water
deserves special attention. In addition to its
use as potable water, it has particular functions
in the surrounding grounds as a solvent of plant
nutrients and as a source of moisture for the
surface vegetation. A draft for ground water
protection designed by the Dutch Central
Commission of Potable Rater Provision is added.
Following various provisions on refuse removal,
collection and transport, guidelines are given on
the actual standards of refuse deposal, discharge
and selection for reprocessing.
308
Contamination of Plants and Soils by Lead
Residues from Petrol Engines
Horak, o.; Ruber, I.; Oesterr. Stndienges.
Atomenerg. G.R.B.R., Vienna, Aust.
Ber. Oesterr. Studienges. Atomenerg. (BOAEBf!)
1973, (SGAE Ber. No. 2077), 27p. ; 1973
LEAD; SOILS; HYDROCARBONS; AOTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
AIR; PLANTS; RESIDOES
309
Detection of (lercurial Seed Dressings in Soils
and Groundwater
Borvath, A.; Deak, Z.;Schiefner, K.; Orszagos
Kozegeszsegugyi Intezet, Budapest, Hungary
Egeszsegtudomany, 16(1), 53-62; 1972
MEBCOBY; HETHOXYETHYLHERCORY CHLORIDE; SOILS;
SEED DRESSINGS; HUHOS; SAND; GROOND HATER;
AGALLOL; MODEL; 8ASHOOT; CLAY
The movement of an organic mercury seed dressing,
Agallol (methoxyethylmercury choride), in soil
vas studied in model experiments and field tests.
The model studies, carried out on 100-cm sand
layers with 1 mg and 10 mg of•mercury, revealed
that sandy soils were not suitable for
application of such compounds due to the marked
washout. Pield tests on a soil composed of 130
cm humus followed by a clay layer revealed
maximum concentrations at the depth of
introduction (05 cm) , with values rapidly
decreasing further down. Pield tests on a soil
consisting of 30 cm humus followed by sand, and
gronndvater level at 100 cm and depth of
introduction US cm, showed both appreciable
concentrations at the 100-cm depth and
groundwater mercury contents of 21.7 mg/1. Due
to the high toxicity mercury has for numerous
organisms, its use should be avoided where the
possibility of groundvater contamination exists.
45
-------
310-315
310
in Overview of Soil/Plant/Animal Relationships
vith Respect to Utilization of Trace Elements
Horvath, D.J. ; West Virginia University,
Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
Part of Hopps, H.C.; Cannon, H.L. (Eds.), Annals
of the Hew York Academy of Sciences, Volume 199,
Geochemical Environlent in Relation to Health and
Disease (p. 82-9H); 1972, June 28
TRACE ELEMENTS; ALKALI DISEASE; BLIND STAGGERS;
SELEHIOH; DEFICIENCY; WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE;
GOITER; IODINE; COBALT; SALT SICKNESS; SWAYBACK;
COPPER; LEAD; CADMIUM; MOLYBDENUM; FLUORINE;
DENTAL CARIES; OSTEOPOROSIS; PLDCBINE; DRINKING
WATER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION;
ANEHIA; IRON; HANGANESE; PB; HOHEOSTASIS;
CHLOROSIS: ACCUMULATION; BIOINDICATORS LEGOHES;
GRASSES; NICKEL; ZINC; LEAVES; FERTILIZERS;
FLUOROSIS; CHROMIUM; FERTILIZERS; HYPERTENSION;
DIETARY INTAKE; RECYCLING; SEWAGE SLUDGE; SEWAGE;
HEAVY HETALS; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; DETERGENTS;
COMPOST
Animal diseases occurring in parts of North
America related to excesses or deficiencies of
selenium, iodine, cobalt, copper and molybdenum
are listed. 'Poisoning by copper, lead, or
cadmium near Bine or smelter areas is mentioned.
Low pH favors the uptake from soils of aluminum,
iron and manganese by plants; excess amounts of
molybdenum and selenium are usually taken up
under alkaline conditions, but can occur in some
acid or neutral soils. Copper, arsenic and
cadmium will probably stunt or kill plants before
building up to concentrations toxic to animals
(but some species, such as sheep are susceptible
to copper). Indicator or accumulator plants are
recognized for selenium, cobalt, and fluorine and
in these toxic concentrations can be built up.
Legumes usually accumulate more trace elements
than grasses (except molybdenum) . Lime and
fertilizer applications affect the transfer of
trace elements to plants. So far iodine and
fluorine levels are the only ones that can
clearly be related to man's health status
(goiter, dental caries) . Chromium and cadmium
deserve more attention and are reviewed more
extensively without a positive conclusion.
Problems associated with recycling sewage sludges
and garbage composts onto soils are discussed.
While there is fairly heavy contamination vith
heavy metals, the author does not expect
immediate problems due to the complexing of these
metals with clays, organic matter and phosphorus
and also the formation of insoluble precipitates
at near neutral pH. Ultimately, he expects plant
toxicity effects due to zinc and perhaps cadmium
and also expects that much more than one million
acres (estimated by King) will be needed.
311
Control of Geochemical Behavior of Selenium in
Natural Raters by Adsorption on Bydrous Ferric
Oxides
Howard, J.H.; Department of Geology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30601
Part of Bern phi 11, D.D. (Ed.), Trace Substances in
Environmental Health-5th Annual Conference, June
29-July 1, 1971, University of Missouri-Columbia,
Columbia, Missouri, (p. 185-i»95) , 559 p.; 1972
SELENIUM; WATER; ADSORPTION; AQUATIC BCOSYSTBHS;
FERRIC HYDROXIDES; CLAY; PH; GEOCHEMISTRY;
SEDIMENTS; MOBILITY; SOILS; CHOPS; PYHITE; GROUND
WATER; SURFACE WATER; IRON SOLFIDES; TRANSPORT;
FORAGE; AGRICDLTDRE
adsorption on hydrous ferric oxides is the most
important control of selenium behavior in aerated
agueous environments. Ferric hydroxide absorbs
one to two orders of magnitude more selenium
trioxide per unit weight of adsorber than the
clays, and can adsorb 90 to 99 percent of the
selenium trixoxide from natural waters at pH 7-8.
Hydrous ferric oxides are such effective
adsorbers because of the large specific surface
areas and because selenium trioxide is
specifically adsorbed on the hydroxylated ferric
surface. Quantitative considerations of selenium
concentrations and surface areas of ferric
hydroxide present in natural waters show that
selenium trioxide will be almost totally adsorbed
from surface waters, ground waters, and water in
vicinity of weathering iron sulfides. Mobility
of selenium is thus inhibited by adsorption and
oxidized selenium must move by mass-wasting and
stream-sediment transport. Such fixation of
selenium in soils renders it unavailable to
agricultural and forage crops.
312
Toxic Metals in Acid Soil. 2. Estimation of
Plant Available Manganese
Hoyt, P.B. ; Nyborg, M.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2), 2U1-24U; 1971
CATION EXCHANGE; SOILS; PLANTS; MANGANESE; TOIIC
HETALS; ACID SOIL
313
Toxic Metals in Acid Soil.
Plant Available Aluminum
1. Estimation of
Hoyt, P.B.; Nyborg, H.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(2), 236-2*0; 1971
SATURATION; LIME; LIMING; ALUMINUM; SOILS;
PLANTS; TOIIC METALS; ACID SOIL
31U
Environmental Toxicology and Copper
Hueck, H.J.; Cent. Lab.. Tno, Delft, Netherlands
Tno N'ieuws (TNOMA3), 1972, 27(9), U19-U27; 1972
REVIEW; COPPER
A discussion and review with 10 references of
environmental toxicology with special reference
to the role of Copper. Copper is emphasized
because it is both persistent and toxic, yet an
essential micronutrient, and because Cu levels in
the environment of humans has increased since
1900.
315
Wastewater Management by Disposal on the Land
Hunt, P.
Special Report No. 171, Corps of Engineers, O.S.
Army, Cold Regions, Research and Engineering
Lab., Hanover. NH; 1972
WASTEWATER; DISPOSAL; LARD DISPOSAL; MANAGEMENT
46
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316-322
316
Lead, Cadmium and Vanadium LeTels in Soils and
Vegetation in Hetropolitan Toronto Indicative of
Airborne Contamination
Ratchinson, T.C.
Am. J. Bot., 58 (5 Part 2), 982; 1971
ORBAN; PLANTS; SOILS; AIR; LEAD; CADBIDH;
VARADIOH; VEGETATIOR;
317
A study of Heavy Hetal Concentrations and
Distribution in Diver Booth and Estuarine Samples
from Around the Great Lakes
Hntchinson, T.C.; Fitchko, J.; Institute of
Environmental Sciences 6 Engineering, Department
of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
International conference on Transport of
Persistent Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems,
Ottawa Canada, Bay 1-3, 197H, University of
Ottawa, Rational Research Council Laboratories,
National Research Council of Canada, Environment
Canada, p. «; 1970, (lay
BERCORY; LEAD; CADHION; ZIRC; COPPER; RICKEL;
COBALT: HANGANESB; CHROBIDB; SILVER; HEAVY
IIETALS; IHDOSTRT; SBDIBERTS; RIVERS; LAKES;
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETRY; ACCORDLATION
Surface and core samples of sediments have been
collected in 1972 and 1973 from the months of
rivers flowing into the Great Lakes. These
samples have been analyzed by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry for the metals Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn,
Cu, Hi, Co, Bn, Cr and Ag. The objective of the
study is to make a general comparison of the
relative degree of heavy metal accumulation in
sediments between the Great Lakes and to relate
the patterns of accumulation to the
urban-industrial activity associated with the
rivers. In addition, the relationship between
the types of sediments and their metal content is
being assessed. This includes consideration of
such factors as particle size and organic
content. Striking differences have been found
between lakes and between rivers within lakes.
Some areas are found to be markedly contaminated
by almost all metals analyzed, while for other
sites contamination is by a single metal. Core
sample analyses suggest something of the history
of the process. Some of the river sediments,
such as those from Bilwankee and Chicago, Lake
Richigan and Thunder Bay, Lake Superior have
patterns of metal pollution which relate to
specific industrial activities and to inputs from
street surface contaminants. Incorporation of
metals into sediments from river waters and
inputs from storm rivers will be discussed in
relation to the overall data.
319
Contamination of Vegetation by Tetraethyl Lead
Impens, R.
Ann. Gemblonz, 77(3), 225-231; 1971
HOflARS; CATTLE; AIR; SOILS; POODS; FORAGE; LEAD;
TETRAITHYL LBAD; VEGETATION; PLANTS
320
Is Contamination of the Soil with Hercury
Reflected by the Plants Grown on it
Imre, R. A.; Berencsi, G.
Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr.
Byg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reihe B. Hyg. Praev. Red.,
155 (5-6), 1972, D82-187
CEREFAN; LETTOCE; RADISHES; CARROTS; PARSLEY;
BEBCDBY; SOILS; PLANTS
321
Soil Contamination Caused by the Use of Hercury
Containing Disinfectants
Imre, R.A.; Berencsi, G.; Luzanyi, L.; Haurer,
J.; Szegedi Orvostnd. Bgy. Koezegeszsegtani
Intez., Szeged, Bungary
Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr.
Hyg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reihe B. Hyg. Praev. Bed.,
155 (5-6), 1972, »76-
-------
323-329
323
Phenolic Degradation of Humic Acid
Jackson, H.P.; Swift, R.S.; Fosnei, A.R.: Knoz,
J.B.; Department of Chemistry, University of
western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Soil Science, 114(1), 75-78; 1972
DEGRADATION; PHENOLIC DEGRADATION; RUNIC ACIDS;
INTERABOHATIC BONDS; BINDING
Considerable information concerning the nature of
the inter-aromatic bonds in hnmic acids vas
obtained using a phenolic degradation technique
in which pehnol replaced the functional groups to
give relatively simple identifiable degradation
products.
324
Arsenic Sorption by Soils
Jacobs, L.B.; Syers, J. 1C.; Reeney, D.B.;
De part sent of Soil Science, University of
Wisconsin
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. . 34, 750-75
-------
330-335
330
Controls on Manganese, Iron, Cobalt. Nickel,
Copper, and Zinc Concentrations in Soils and
Rater: The significant Bole of Hydrous Banganese
and Iron Oxides
Jenne, E.A.; OSGS, Denver, Colorado
IdTan. Chen. Sec. no. 73, 337-387; 1968
CONCENTRATION; MANGANESE OIIDES; CHELATES; IONS;
GEOCREBISTBT; BANGANBSE; IBON; COBALT; NICKEL;
COPPER; ZINC; SOILS; HATER; IBON OIIDES;
HYDROXIDES; FIIATION; BEAVT BETALS; CLAI; PB;
CARBONATES; PRECIPITATION; SBDIBBHTS; ION
EICBiHGE; CHELATIOH
It is proposed that the hydrous oxides of
manganese and iron, in general, furnish the
principal control on the fixation of cobalt,
nickel, copper, and zinc (heavy metals) in soils
and fresh vater sediments; hjdrous oxides of
manganese and iron are nearly ubiquitous in
clays, soils, and sediments. The con on
occurrence of these oxides as coatings allows the
oxides to exert chemical activity far oat of
proportion to their total concentrations.
Sorption or desorption of these heavy letals
occurs in response to the following factors: (1)
aqueous concentration of the metal in question;
(2) aqueous concentration of other heavy metals;
(3) pH, and (U) amount and strength of organic
chelates and inorganic complex ion foners
present in solution. Other suggested controls on
the concentration of the heavy metals in soils
and fresh waters are: (1) organic Batter; (2)
clays; (3) carbonates; and (4) precipitation as
the discrete oxide or hydroxide. The available
information on these controls is reviewed and
found to be inadequate to explain the fixation of
cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc. 257 references.
331
laboratory Evaluation of Selected Radioisotopes
as Gronndwater Tracers
Jennings, A.P.; Schroeder, B.C.; Texas A and B
University, College Station, II
Water Eesour. Hes., 1, 829-838; 1968, August
CEEIOB 1«1; AHTIHONT 121; ROTBBHIOB 103; CHHOBIOB
31; IRIDIDH 11»; STRONTIOB 89; BOVEBEHT; SOILS;
SOIL PROFILES; CHELATIOH; ILLITE; BADIOISOTOPES;
GROUND HATER; HATBB; FLOH; TBACEB
Choice of radioisotopes for following
ground-water flow is discussed. The radioisotopes
used should be either in anionic or nonionic
for*, as cations are most susceptible to ion
exchange. The choice of anionic radioisotopes
for ground-water tracers is limited because of
the half-life, type, and energy of the radiation
emitted, and in some cases the chemical
complexity of the isotope. A suitable detection
time for radioisotopic tracers is from 3 to 5
half-lives. As the appearance of a tracer results
from movement along the most direct flow path,
the arrival of the maximum concentration is the
best index for determining the average water
velocity. Sb 121, Ce 1U1, Cr 31, Ir 111, Bu 103,
and Sr 89 in chelate form were tested, as the
nnchelated ions are subject to greater delay by
adsorption and ion exchange.
Distribution-coefficient measurements were made
under static conditions for crushed illitic shale
and limestone, and these measurements used to
predict the elution history of a tracer from an
exchange column. Comparisons of the predictions,
the tracer elution histories, and elation
histories for chloride palses indicated chelated
Cr 31 to be a useful ground-water tracer.
332
Biological Bethylation of Bercury in Aguatic
Organisms
Jensen, S.; Jernelov, A.
Mature 223: 753-75
-------
336-341
336
Lead Availability Related to Soil Properties and
Extractable Lead
John, M. K.
J. Environ. Qual., 1 (3), 1972, 295-298
LACTUCA-SATIVA; AVENA-SATIVA; NICKEL; ALUMINUM;
PH; CONTAMINATION; LEAD; SOILS
337
Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Its Uptake by
Oats
John, B.K.; Chuah, H.H.; Van Laerhoven, C.J.;
Research Station, Canada Department of
Agriculture, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
Environmental Science and Technology, 6(6),
555-557; 1972, June
SOILS; PLANTS; BOOTS; HYPERTENSION; POODS;
FUNGICIDES; TRiNSLOCATION; ABSORPTION;
DISTRIBUTION; CADMIUM; CONTAHINATION; OPTAKE;
OATS; ACCOHDLATION; HUMANS; SHELTERS; BBPBYSEBA;
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; BODI; ABIBALS; PLANTS; ZINC;
OILS; TIBES; NICKEL-CADBIOB BATTERIES; BATTERIES
The extent of cadmium contamination of soils in
the Lower Fraser Valley (SS, British Columbia,
Canada) Has evaluated. Nitric acid-soluble
cadmium in the surface samples among 33
agricultural soils averaged 0.88 ppm. Rovever,
nitric acid-soluble cadmium reached as high as 95
ppm in a surface sample taken near a battery
smelter, but this level decreased considerably
with distance and depth. The effect of soil
application of carbonate, nitrate, chloride,
snifate, and phosphate salts of calcium on
cadmium uptake by oats was determined in a growth
chamber study involving soils taken near a
battery smelter and from farmland. Oats grown on
the contaminated soils contained very high
amounts of cadmium in the roots, with smaller
amounts in the above-ground portions. Soil
treatments affected the cadmium content of roots
significantly but did not affect the cadmium
content of tops.
338
Factors Affecting Plant Uptake and Phytotoxicity
of Cadmium Added to Soils
John, B.K.; Van Laerhoven, C.J.; Chnah, H.H.;
Research Branch, Canada Department of
Agriculture, Agassiz, B.C., Canada
Environmental Science and Technology, 6(12),
1005-1119; 1972, November
CADHIUB; CADMIUM CHOLORIDE; SOILS; RADISHES;
LETTOCE; AVAILABILITY; CONCENTRATION; NICKEL;
IRON; ZINC; COPPER; ACCUMULATION; UPTAKE;
CHLOROSIS; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETBY;
COLORIMETRY; PHYTOTOXICITY
For a set of 30 surface soils, addition of 50 mg
of cadmium, from CdC12, to 500 grams of soil
reduced yields and sharply increased cadmium
levels in analyzed portions of radish and lettuce
plants when compared with those plants grown on
control soils. For the treated soils, plant
cadmium was significantly related to cadmium
extracted from soil by neutral N ammonium
acetate. The N HC1 anS N HN03 extractions did
not indicate plant availability but removed most
of the soil dadmium. From among 18 potential
independent variables, stepwise linear
regressions to predict cadmium found in plant
parts harvested from treated soils included a
measure of the relative ability of soils to
absorb cadmium, acetate-soluble cadmium in the
soil, soil reaction, and organic matter as
significantly contributing independent variables.
Plant cadmium levels were significantly
correlated with amounts of nickel, iron, zinc,
and copper in the same plant portion. Results of
this study indicated that the cadaium pollutant
may readily be taken up from the soil and may
result in potentially hazardous accumulation of
cadmium in plants. Besides its effect on the
cadmium levels, the treatment produced toxicity
symptoms and reduced yields.
339
Trace Element Concentrations in Aerosols from the
San-Francisco Bay Area
John, ».; Kaifer, R.; Bahn, K.; Kesolowski, J.J.
Atmos. Environ., 7(1), 107-118; 1973
SOIL-DERIVED OCEAN POLLUTION; SELENIUM; ZINC;
MERCURY; BROMINE; IRON; SODIUM; AEROSOLS; TRACE
ELEMENTS
340
Arsenic Content of Soil and Crops Following Use
of Methanearsonate Herbicides
Johnson, L.R.; Hiltbold, A.E.
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 33, 279-282; 1969
CROPS; COTTON; SOYBEANS; SORGHUM; OATS; MAIZE;
VETCH; CLOVER; RATE; ARSENIC; SOILS; HERBICIDES
Buch of the applied As remained in the upper 30cm
of soil. The As content of crops (cotton,
soybean, sorghum, oats, maize, vetch, clover)
grcwn on treated soil was related to the rate and
form of As applied, but yields were not reduced
by residual As in soil.
311
The Movement of Copper, Bolybdenum, and Seleminm
in Soils as Indicated by Radioactive Isotopes
Jones, G.B.; Belling, G.B.
Aust. J. Agric Res., 18, 733-740; 1967
COPPER; MOLYBDENUM; SELENIUB; RADIOACTIVE
ISOTOPES; HOVEBENT; PEAT; CALCAREOUS SAND; TERRA
ROSSA; LATERITE; SOILS; RAINFALL; SUPERPHOSPHATE;
LOCBBNE; SODIUM SELENITE; SAND; LEACHING
Copper 6<», molybdenum 99 and selenium 75 were
used to study the movement of these elements in
peat, calcareous sand, terra rossa, deep sand and
laterite under the influence of various
fertilizer treatments. Kith soils of moderate
CEC, copper remained near the soil surface after
all fertilizer treatments and the equipment of
several years' rainfall. iith light soils of low
CEC, some penetration of copper occurred,
especially after superphosphate and on aqueous
extract of lucerne. Molybdenum was leached right
through the soils except in the laterites where
half the molybdenum was retained near the
surface. Selenium, applied as sodium selenite,
was intermediate in that a high proportion was
retained by the calcarious soils but not always
at the surface. Lighter soils retained less
selenium.
50
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342-349
342
The Ho ye «ent of Cobalt and Zinc in Soils as
Indicated by Radioactive Isotopes
Jones, G.B.; Riceman, D.S.; NcKenzie, J.O.;
University of Adelaide, Division of Biochemistry
and General Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
Aust. J. igr. Research, 8, 190-201; 1957
ZINC; COBALT; SOILS; MOVEMENT; ADSORPTION
A method has been developed whereby labeled
cobalt and zinc were applied to the surface of
columns of soil in order to study the movement of
these cations under the influence of rainfall and
various fertilizer treatments. The results of the
investigation demonstrate that in soils of
node rate exchange capacity, whether this is
provided by clay or by organic matter, the cobalt
and zinc remain close to the surface of the soil
even after the application of water equivalent to
several years' rainfall and dressings of copper
sulphate, snperphophate, aqueous extract of
lucerne, and water saturated with carbon dioxide.
lith very light soils of low exchange capacity a
year's rainfall alone did not leach the cobalt or
zinc downwards, bat rainfall which followed
treatments with the same treatments with the same
dressings induced a considerable downward
movement of both cobalt and zinc. (CDF)
343
The Reaction of Zinc Sulfate with the Soil
Jones, H.B.; Gall, O.E.; Barnette, R.M.
Florida Agr. Expt. Stas. Gainesville. Bulletin
296; 1936
ZINC; SULFATES; SOILS; ZINC SOLFATE
314
Lead in Soils of the Zenica Area
Jovandic, P.; Pollopr. Rak., Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
Agrohemija (AGHJA4) , (9-12), 457-62; 1972
LEAD; SOILS
A predictive model of cation transport in soils
undergoing miscible displacement was developed
and tested. A mass balance equation was
formulated to include a general nonlinear cation
exchange function. The model was applied to the
transport of cations through an exchanger using
five types of exchange functions. The model was
further tested by conducting soil column studies
which involved both homovalent and heterovalent
exchange. Good agreement between experimental
and predicted data was obtained. Laboratory
studies were also conducted to assess the affect
of Mg(+2) ion on the solubility of calcareous
materials. Solubility was found to vary with the
surface area and mineralogy of the carbonate
mineral. In waters unsaturated with respect to
calcite, flg(+2) generally increased the
solubility of calcite. The presence of Hg (»2)
decreased the solubility of dolomite in waters
which were near saturation with respect to
dolomite.
3U7
Zinc Solubility Under Alkaline Conditions in a
Zn-Bentonite System
Jurinak, J.J.; Thome, D.W.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 19: 446-448; 1955
ZINC; SOLUBILITY; BENTOHITE; SOILS; ALKALINITY
348
Leaching of certain Trace Elements From Columns
of Rendzina Soil
Kabata-Pendias, A.
Pol. J. Soil Sci., 1, 103-109; 1968
LEACHING; OAK LEAVES; PINE NEEDLES; LUPIN;
AMMOHION OXALATE; RATER; ACETIC ACID; TRACE
ELEMENTS; ZINC; RENDZINA SOILS; MANGANESE;
COPPER; NICKEL; BORONS BOLYBDEHOM; COBALT; SOILS
Tables are given for Hn, Zn, Cu Ni, Co, Ho, and B
leached from soil columns by extracts of oak
leaves, pine needles, and lupin and by ammonium
oxalate, CO(2)-saturated water, and acetic acid
solutions.
345
Thermodynamics of Zinc Adsorption on Calcite,
Dolomite and Hagnesite-Type Minerals
Jurinak, J.J.; Bauer, N.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20: U66-U71; 1956
ZINC; 4DSOBPTION; CALCITE; SOILS; DOLOMITE;
MAGNESITE; MINERALS; THERMODYNAMICS
346
Cation Transport in Soils and Factors Affecting
Soil carbonate Solubility
Jurinak, J.J.; Lai, S.H.; Hassett, J.J.; Utah
State University, Logan, OT 84322
Environmental protection Agency Report, No.
EPA-R2-73-235; 1973, May
MAGNESIUM; ION TRANSPORT; CALCIOM CARBONATE;
LEACHING; CATION EXCHANGE; IRRIGATION; FLOS;
MODEL; TRANSPORT; DISPLACEMENT; CATIONS;
SATURATION; MATER; DOLOMITE
349
The Sorption of Trace Elements by Soil-Forming
Minerals
Kabata-Pendias, A.
Roczniki Glebozn., 19, 55-72; 1968
HEAVY METALS; QUARTZ; ILLITE; BIOTITE; SORPTION;
COPPBB; COBALT; MANGANESE; NICKEL; ZINC; SOILS;
TRACE ELEMENTS
Retention and release of heavy metals (Co, Cu,
Mn, Ni, Zn, each added at the rate of 30 ppm) by
various soil minerals (gnartz, illite, biotite,
etc) are shown in tables. Sorption of the metals
occurred by both cation exchange and formation of
complex compounds on the mineral surface. The
order of aetal sorption by the various minerals
is discussed.
51
-------
350-356
350
Notes on Chemical Methods of Determining
Available Copper and Cobalt in Soils
Kabata-Pendias, A.
Pam. Pulawski, 9, 31-39; 1963
COBALT; COPPER; ADSORPTION; SOILS; CHELATIOH
The amounts of Ca extracted from plants and soils
(peat, podzol or brown soil developed on loamy
sand, sandy loam) with various extractants
decreased in the order: plants (mostly clover
and grass), 10 percent BC1, 0.1B EDTA, 0.1 n HC1,
2.5 percent CH3COOH, 0.1 n HH03. CH3COOB +
dithizone. The decreasing order for Co was: 10
percent HC1, EDTA, 0.1 n HC1, plants, CB3COOH +
dithizone, CH3COOH, HN03. The proportion of
total Ca and Co taken up by plants was greater on
mineral soil than peat, but the uptake of Co was
fairly uniform.
355
Incorporation of Toxic Metal Ions of Soils into
Nonionic Inert Substances
Kavazoe, A.
Japan. KOKAI (JKXXAF) 1973, 2
SOILS; HEAVY (1ETALS; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES;
REMOVAL; CARBON; MERCURY; IOBS; CADMI0H;
INDUSTRY; IRON; ALOHINOB; RICE; RICE PADDIES
ADSORPTION; COAL POWDER
Toxic metal ions such as mercury and cadmium in
soils (pesticide residues or industrial
precipitates) are reacted with metals such as
iron and aluminum to form inert compounds. Thus,
activated coal powder (50-200 HESH) , containing
iron and Al, was scattered over the soil at 1-10
Kg/10 acre in rice paddies. Hg ions were
adsorbed by the carbon and reacted with the iron
and aluminum, forming amalgam-type alloy bonds
and becoming chemically inactive.
351
Heavy Metals in Various Preparations and
Fertilizers used in Agriculture
Kabata-Pendias, A.; Piotrowska, M.
Postepy Nauk Roln., 19(2), 13-29; 1972
PESTICIDES; BBTALS; FERTILIZERS; AGRICULTURE
352
Sorption of Manganese, Cobalt, and Copper by Peat
Soils
Kanunnikova, N.A.; Khabar. Kompleksn.
Ranchno-Issled. Inst., Khabarovsk, OSSB
Hikroelem. Biosfere Primen. Ikh. Sel. Khoz. Bed.
Sib. Dal'Rego Vostoka, Dokl. Sib. Konf., 3rd
(27BDAA) ; Filippov, V.R., Akad. Hank 5SS8, Sib.
Otd., Buryat. Filial, Ulan-Ode, USSR (117-21);
1971
PEAT; SOILS; COPPER; SORPTION; COBALT; HANGAIESE
353
Use of Soil Columns with Undisturbed Structure in
Studies of the Capacity of Some Organic Compounds
for Migration Over the Soil Profile
Kaurichev, I.S.; Ganzhara, N.F.
Dokl. Bosk. S-KB Akad. Im. K.A. limiryazeva 151
Trans. 75-80; 1969
POLYPHENOLS; HDBIC ACID; FOLVIC ACID; OXALIC
ACID; GLDTABIC ACIDS; SORPTION; SOILS
356
The Poison Chain for Mercury in the Environment
Kazantzis, G.; Dept. Bed., Middlesex Rosp. Med.
School, London, B.1., England
Int. J. Environ. Stud., 1, 301-306; 1971
ORGAROBERCORIALS; MERCORT; FUNGICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
EFFLUENTS; LEACHING; SOILS; HOOD PULP PROCESSING
PLANTS; RICE; SEED DRESSINGS; BIRDS; FOOD CHAINS;
BETHYIATION
Organic mercurials, which are more toxic than
inorganic salts of mercury, enter the environment
as fungicides and are converted to inorganic
mercury by living systems. When used as
fungicides, these compounds can be leached out of
soil, eventually reaching waterways, or escape
from wood pulp processing plants. In Japan,
agricultural uses have been limited since an
average concentration of 0.1 ppm mercury was
found in rice. In 1966, Sweden banned the use of
mercury seed dressings because of the large
numbers of birds dying of mercury poisoning.
Since that time mercury levels have decreased in
birds at the end of the aquatic food chain.
Mercury concentration in some Swedish waters may
prohibit production of edible fish for 50 or 60
years. Butagenic and teratogenic effects of
mercury have been observed at concentrations
below those causing intoxication. (18 references)
35
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357-361
357
Persistence and Reactions of UC-Cacodylic icid
in Soils
Kearney, P.C.; Voolson, E.i.
Environ. Sci. Technol.. 7(1), 17-50; 1973
CiCODYLIC ACID; HYDROXYDIMBTHYLAFSINE OIIDE;
HETHYL DICHLOROARSINE; IROH; ALUMINUM; ARSBIIC;
•ATEB-SOLUBLB; C1LCIOB; iLOHIHOH; aRSEIUTE;
PERSISTENCE; ARSIHE; DEGRADATION; CARBON IK;
VOLATILIZATION
Carbon-1U-labeled cacodylic acid
(hydroxydiemthylarsine oxide) was prepared by
reacting 1«C-methyl iodide with methyl
dichloroarsine. Concentrations of 1, 10, and 100
ppm of cacodylic acid vere established in three
soils of varying iron and aluminum content. At
2, 0, 6, 16, 21, and 32 weeks, soils vere
analyzed fro» ItC and total arsenic in the .
water-soluble (IS), calcium, iron, and aluminum
fractions. Initially, cacodylic acid was
distributed in the following fractions: water
soluble grams of aluminum gram total iron, gram
total calcium. After 32 weeks, the distribution
was water soluble potassiui, grai total iron,
potassium, calcium. In contrast, inorganic
arsentate (5 at) was largely present in the iron
and aluminum fractions. Cacodylic acid
persistence was a fronction of soil type and
after 32 weeks the following aiounts of 14C were
recovered in each soil type by combustion:
Christiana (23X) , Hagerstown (53K), Lakeland
(62%). A decrease in both total 14C and total
arsenic occurred in all soils with time. A
pungent garlic odor was detected in soils
receiving 100 ppm, suggesting the production of
a volatile alkyl arsine. The loss of arsenic
suggests that one route of carcodylic acid loss
from aerobic and anaerobic soils is by alkyl
arsine volatility. Degradation under aerobic
conditions also occurred by cleavage of the
carbon-arsenic, persumably yielding carbon
dioxide and A (SO {»)) 3. This degradation is
presumably due to microbiological actions. (18
references)
358
Cacodylic Acid Metabolism in Soils
Kearney, P.C.; Woolson, E.A.; United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research Division,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Paper Wo. 29, Pesticide Division, 162 National
ACS Secting, iashington, D. C., September 12-17,
1971; 1971
CACODY.LIC ACID; HETABOLISH; SOILS; ALKIL ARSINE;
MICROORGANISMS; DIMETHYL ARSINIC ACID; ARSENiTE;
PHYTOTOIICITY; AEBOBIC; ARSEHIC
The following metabolic reactions of cacodylate
appears to be significant in soils. Dnder
aerobic conditions microorganisms cleave the C-As
bond to form carbon dioxide and arsenate. The
arsenate then reacts with the calcium, iron and
aluminum salts in soils to form essentially
insoluble salts. The iron and aluminum salts
exhibit a low order of phytotoxicity. Cacodylic
acid also forms these calcium, aluminum and iron
salts, the reactions appear to be more
significant with the inorganic arsenate. Onder
reducing conditions, cacodylate forms alkyl
arsines. Our work and the work of McBride and
Wolfe suggests that the dimethylarsine may be the
major evolved product from certain
microorganisms. Some of the alkyl arsine
generated is trapped directly in soils. This
must be a stable complex, since heating the
arsine treated soil overnight failed to decrease
the C-14 content. The free iron oxides in soils
appear to play an important role in this trapping
process. It is also well known that
dimethylarsine is unstable in air, forming the
dimethylarsinoxide or cacodyl oxide. On further
air oxidation dimethylarsinoxide is further
oxidized to give the dimethylarsinic acid or
cacodylic acid. Onder aerobic conditions this
would undergo C-As bond cleavage. These
sequences of events would lend support to the
theory of an arsenic cycle in nature as proposed
by Frost. Recently we have attempted to trace
the fate of several of these organic arsenicals
in aquatic food chains involving alga, snails,
daphma and fish. Re have observed no
biomagnification of the labeled arsenicals in
these food chains, realizing the limited
interpretation one can put on these simple
systems.
359
Chemical Distribution and Persistence of
C-1«-Cacodylic Acid in Soil
Kearney, P.C.; Hoolson, E.A.; Onited States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research Division,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Paper Ho. 29, Pesticides Division, 162nd National
ACS Meeting, Washington, D. C., September, 1971;
1971
CACODTLIC ACID; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
DIHETBTL AHSIHIC ACID; FLOODED SOILS; BETABOLISH;
AEROBIC; ARSENIC
The metabolism of cacodylic acid under aerobic
conditions appeared to proceed through C-As
cleavage as well as through a volatile arsine
production. The metabolism of cacodylic acid
under anaerobic conditions appeared to proceed
through reduction to arsine or dimethylarsine.
360
Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of
Arsenate-Arsenite Systems in Sand and Soil Mediums
Keaton, C.M.; Kardos, L.T.
Soil Sci., 50, 189-207; 1910
IRON; SOILS; ARSENICAL SPRAT RESIDOES; ARSEHIC
FIXATION; ARSENIC; AHSENATE; OXIDATION REDUCTION;
SAND; RESIDUES
The beneficial effects of iron treatments on
soils poisoned by arsenical spray residues appear
to be due primarily to arsenic fixation. The
total fixation was increased by oxidizing the
arsenic to the arsenate form.
361
The Effect of Flooding and Aeration on the
nobility of Certain Trace Elements in Soils
Kee, N.S.; Bloomfield. C.
Plant and Soil, 16(1), 108--135; 1962
FLOODING; AERATION; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS
53
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362-369
362
Solution of So»e Minor Element Oxides by
Decomposing Plant Haterials
Kee. U.S.; Bloomfield, C.
Geochim. Cosiochin. Acta. 2«, 206-25; 1961
DECOMPOSITION; PLANTS; METAL OXIDES; TRACE
EL EH EH TS
363
The Fate of Zinc-65 Applied to Two Soils as Zinc
Sulfate and Zinc BDTA
Reefer, B.F.; Estepp, H.
Soil Sci., 112(5), 1971, 325-329.
CORN; CLAY; BIHDING; FATE; ZINC; SOILS; ZIHC
SDLFATE; ZIHC EDTA
broad ecological and epidemiological study on
environmental contamination and human exposure
has been developed. Determination of lead in the
soil represents a part of these complex
investigations. On 33 sampling spots along the
valley the soil and plant samples were taken
every year in July and October. The results of
the total lead content of the soil for 1968 and
1969 are presented, together with the data about
quantitative distribution in the valley.
However, investigations on adsorption coefficient
(scil:plant) revealed that total lead content
does not represent a reliable parameter for such
calculations. Therefore authors applied for the
first time determination of lead in the acetate:
lactate extract of the soil. This parameter is
shoving in some cases a better correlation
between lead in soil and underground parts of
plants. It seems that determination of
AL-soluble lead from the soil represents a step
forward (but not definite) in the determination
of absorbable part of lead. The distribution of
lead aerosols on the earth's surface and factors
influencing it are discussed.
36 U
Keith, J.B.
LEAD; ZIHC; TREES; SOILS; BRUNIZIMS; PODZOL:
PLANTS; GEOCHEHICAL PROSPECTIHG; LOESS; ELM;
MAPLE; OAK; HIHING; PRAIRIES; FOBESTS
In the mining area and in an adjacent area, the
soils were brunizems (prairie vegetation) and
gray-brown podzolic soils (deciduous forest) ans
were formed from bedrock and loess. The Pb and
Zn contents of plans differentiated between
mining and non-mining areas. The Pb and Zn
contents of all the soil horizons also
differentiated between the areas. At most
sampling sites in the mining area, soils were
more reliable than plants for geochemical
prospecting. Soil samples from areas with a
thick loess cover did not indicate the presence
of mineralized bodies, but elm, maple and oak
trees contained anomalous amounts of Pb and Zn.
367
Lead Content of Soils Along Chicago's Eisenhower
and Loop-Terminal Expressways
Khan, H.A.; Coello, I.P.; Saleen, Z.A.; Oep.
Biol. Sci., Univ. Illinois, Chicago, 111.
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (ABCTCV) , 1(3),
209-223; 1973
LEAD; SOILS; TRAFFIC; AOTOBOBILES; HIGHWAYS
Lead levels found in soils in various seasons and
at various distances along the Chicago
Terminal-loop Expressway, the adjoining city
streets, and the Eisenhower Expressway, show a
relationship between the parameters: the lead
content of the soil is directly correlated with
the traffic volume which is in turn affected by
the seasons. As much as 7,600 ppm and 880 ppm
lead is present in soils at less than <»5 and 150
feet respectively from the expressway.
365
Distribution of Total Boron, Copper, Manganese,
and Molybdenum Contents in the Profiles of Some
Soil Types in the Little Plain and Its
Relationship to Certain Soil Characteristics
Kereszteny, B.
Acta Agron Acad Sci Hung 22 (1-2), 1973, 115-130.
EH; ORGANIC HATTER; HOMOS; SOLUBILITY; BORON;
COPPER; MANGANESE; BOLYBDENOH; SOILS
366
Lead Contamination of Environment in the Heza
Valley, Lead Content of the Soil
ICerin, P.; Ferin, D.; Djuric, D. ; Institute of
Occupational and Radiological Health, Beograde,
Yugoslavia
Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed., 29, 129-138; 1972
LEAD; SHELTERS; AEROSOLS; SOILS; PLANTS; UPTAKE;
AVAILABILITY; CARROTS; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS;
INTEGRATED SAMPLES; PH; PARTICOLATIS
From 1896 the lead smelting plant in Heza valley,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia, has been contaminating the
environment with lead aerosols. Since 1968 a
368
Interaction Between the Humic Acid Fraction of
Soils and Certain Metallic Cations
Khan, S.O.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33, 851-85*; 1969
HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS; METALLIC CATIONS; CATIOH
369'
Hetallo-Organic Complexes in Soil
Khanna, S.S.; Stevenson, F.J.
Soil Sci. 93: 298-305; 1962
SOILS; OBGANOHBTALLICS; COMPLEXES
54
-------
370-378
370
Supply of Trace Elements, Boron, flanganese,
Molybdenum. Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, In the Soils of
Rorth Kazakhstan Begion
Kharitonova, A.F.
Tr. Inst. Pochvoved. Akad. Hank. Kaz. SSS. 18,
1970 Trans «4-
-------
379-389
379
Lead, Zinc, Cadmium: Concentration in Soils and
Plants
Kloke, A.; Inst. Nichtparasit. Pflanzenke., Biol.
Bundesanst., Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
staub - Reinhalt. tuft (Strhav) , 34 (1), 18-21;
1971
REVIEW; AIRBOBNE BETALS; VEGETATION; LEAD; ZINC;
CADHIOM; SOILS; PLAHTS; AI8
380
Reactions of Organic Hastes and Soils
Knoll, K.C.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, BNHL-860,
18; 1969, January
ADSORPTION; GEOLOGY; ION EXCHANGE; LEACHING;
LEACRATES; ORGANIC HASTES; PERMEABILITY;
BADIOACTIVE WASTES: SOILS; WASTE DISPOSAL;
HASTES; ORGANICS
The ion exchange capacity of laboratory soil
columns was not impaired by a previous dose of
organics bat organics could leach out previously
adsorbed species fro* the soil column.
381
Air and Hater Pollution by Cadmium, Lead and Zinc
Attributed to the Largest Zinc Refinery in Japan
Kobayashi, J.
Proc. Oniv. No. Annn. Conf. Trace Subst.,
Environ. Health 5, 117-128; 1972
SILKHORBS; HOHANS; PLANTS; AIR; RATER; CADHIOH;
LEAD; ZINC
382
Effects of Heavy Netal (Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc)
Pollution from a Smelting Plant in Annaka City,
Gunma Prefecture, on Agricultural Products
Kobayashi, J.; florii. P.; Bnramoto, S.;
Nakashima, S.; Inst. Agric. Biol. Sci., Okayama
Oniv., Knrashiki, Japan
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (NEZAAQ) 1970, 25(4),
364-75; 1970
FOODS; SOILS; SHELTERS;; CADHIOH; LEAD; ZINC;
HEAVY BETALS; CBOPS
383
Distribution of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc Contained
in soils Polluted by a Zinc Refinery in Annaka
City, Gnmma Prefecture
Kobayashi, J.; Horii, P.; Buramoto, S.;
Nakashima, S.; Orakami, T. Nishizaki, B.; Okayama
University, Kurashiki, Japan
Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zaashi (HID HA I) , 44(12),
471-85; 1973
SOILS; METALS; CADSIOB; ZINC; LEAD; HEALTH;
REPINE RIBS; DISTRIBOTION
384
Forms of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Soils of
Certain Poly Betallic Deposits in Various
Landscape Zones of the Lesser Caucasus
Kocharyan, A.G.; Elenbogen, A.M.
Vestn.Hosk. Oniv. Ser. Geogr., 6, 1969, 79-82
COPPER; LEAD; ZINC; SOILS; LANDSCAPE
385
Minor Elements in Terrestrial Environment. 1.
Radiochemical Analysis of Lead-210, as well as
Distribution of Lead-210, Strontium-90, and
Cesium-137 in Soil Profiles
Kodaira, K.; Kato, B.; Ishikawa, B.; Hatl. Inst.
Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Japan
Badioisotopes (HAISAB) 1973, 22(7), 331-7
LEAD; SOILS; CESIOB; STHONTIOS; RADIOACTIVITY;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM; ANALYSIS; RADIOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS; DISTRIBOTION
386
Sorption of Long-Lived Fission Products on Soils
and Clay Minerals
Kokotov, Y.A.; Popova, B.F.; Orbanyok, A.P.
Badiokhimiya 3, 199-206; 1961
SOILS; CLAY; MINERALS; SORPTION; FISSION PBODOCTS
387
Technical Environmental Chemicals Occurrence
Degradation and Consequences
Korte, P.; Klein, H.; Drefahl, B.
Natnrviss Rnndsch 23 (11), UH5-U57; 1970
PERSISTENCE; PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; RECYCLING;
ANIMALS; PLANTS; HOHANS; OCCORREHCE; DEGRADATION
388
MOVEMENT OP APPLIED ZINC IN SOILS. I. ZINC
MOVEMENT AS AFFECTED BY ITS SOOBCES AND
GRANOLATION HITH FERTILIZER SALTS
Koshino, H.
NIPPON DOJO-HIRYOGAKO ZASSHI (NIDHAX) 1973, 44(6),
217-22; 1973
ZINC; MOBILITY; SOILS; EDTA; SOLFATBS; RAYPLEX;
FERTILIZERS; SALTS
389
Movement of Applied Zinc in Soils. 2. Movement of
Zinc from Zinc Sulfate and zinc-EDTA Applied in
Different Soils
Koshino, S.; Sekizava, S.; Natl. Inst. Agric.
Sci., Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi (NIDHAX) 1973, 44(7),
257-61; 1973
ZINC; MOBILITY; SOILS; EDTA; SOLFATES
56
-------
390-393
390
Characterization and Qnantitation of the Apo Lipo
proteins fro» Human chyle chylomicrons
Kostner, G.; Holasek, A.
Biochemistry 11 (7). 1972 1217-1223.
HOHARS; DIFFUSION; GEL; PERHBATION; IOR EXCHANGE;
CHROHATOGBAPHT; POLT ACBTLAHIDE GE1;
BLECTBOPBOBESIS; IHHOHO BLBCTHOPBOBESIS; iPO-LIPO
PHOTBINS
391
The Three-Phase Equilibria! of Heronry in Nature
Kothny, E.L.; Air and Industrial Bygiene
laboratory, State of California Depart lent of
Public Health, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA
94704
Part of Kothny, E.L. (Ed.), Trace Elements in the
Environment, a Symposium sponsored by the
Division of Water, Air and Haste Chemistry at the
162nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society,
Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 1971, (p. 48-80),
149; 1971, September
HERCORt; EQOILIBBIDB; ATBOSPHERE; BOCKS;
TBANSPIRATIOH; TBGETATIOH; DBT FALLOUT; BAINOOT;
HOHUS; ALLOVIOB; BIOTA; CLAY; PELAGIC CHGANISBS;
AGGLOHEBATB; SEDIHENTATIOH; NIDOCEANIC CHAIR;
PHYTOPLANKTON; ALGAE; ADSORPTION; AIR;
DECOHPOSITION
Mercury levels are postulated to be the result of
eguilibrina between.the contents in the
atmosphere, particnlate Batter, and rocks.
Hercury is released into air by outgassing of
soil, transpiration and decay of vegetation, and
by heating processes. Host mercury is adsorbed
onto atmospheric particnlate Batter. This is
removed from air by dry fallout and rainout.
Hamic material forms complexes which are adsorbed
onto alluvium, and only a small soluble fraction
is taken up by biota. Small clay particles and
rainout particles are distributed throughout the
oceans because of the slov settling speed.
Pelagic organisms agglomerate the
Bercury-bearing clay particles, thus promoting
sedimentation and acting as one source for
mercury for the midoceanic chain. Another source
is the uptake of dissolved mercury by
phytoplankton and algae.
393
Higration of Zinc in the Biosphere in Connection
•ith Bydrochemical Predicting
Kozhara, V.L.; Inst. Biol. Voutr. Tod. DSSB
Hater. Sovesch. Prognozirovaniyu Soderzh.
Biogennykh Elem. Org. Teshchestva Vodokhren.t
127-35, Edited by Drachev, S.R., Inst. Biol
Tnutr. Tod. Akad. Rank SSSB: Borok, OSSB; 1969
GBOCHBBISTBI; HIGBATIOB; ZIHC; BIOSPHERE;
BTOBOCHEHICAL PREDICTING; ZIHC CTCLE;
DISTBIBOTION; SOILS; UTILIZATION; AIB; LIQUID
RASTES
A reviev with 18 references of Zn cycle in
nature; its distribution in varons soils,
utilization by industry and hamans, and its
return as airborne and liquid wastes are
discussed. CA 74(11), 246 (Hay 31, 1971)
392
The Effect of Powerplant Haste Tips on
Surrounding Areas.
Kozel, J-; Raly, T.; Research Institute for
Amelioration, Zbraslav, Czechoslovakia
Sclentia Agricnlturae Bohemoslavaca, 4 (3) ,
165-190; 1972
A8SEHIC; LEAD; ZINC; CHBOHIOH; BEBTLLIOH; NICKEL;
COBALT; SOILS; CALCIOH; SOLFATES; PLANTS; SOLFDB;
STOHATA; POHEB PLANTS: INDDSTBIAL HASTE
Soils contaminated by proximity to the tips
contained more Ca and sulphates and potentially
toiic quantities of As, Pb, Zn, Cr, Be, Ni and Co
and had worse physical conditions, particularly
in relation to drainage, than uncontaainated
soils. Contamination of plants near the tips
caused increase in the S and ash contents and
caused blocking of stomata.
57
-------
394-397
39H
Content and Profile Distribution of Trace
Elements (Zinc, copper. Nickel, and Cadmium) in
Holdavian Soils
Krupenikov, I. A.; Podymov, B.P.; Strizhora, G.P.
Vopr. Issled. i Ispol'z. Pochv. Holdavii
(Kishinev; Kartya Moldovenyaske) Sb., (2), 2U-35;
196i»
GEOCHEMISTRY; CONCENTRATION; TRACE ELEMENTS;
ZINC; COPPER; NICKEL; CADHIOH; SOILS; FORESTS;
CHERNOZEH; SALINITY; MIGRATION; ALLUVIAL SOIL;
SODDY SOILRATION
Twenty-two profiles (to 200 centimeter depth)
comprising the majority of the soil types in the
republic were studied. Forest, chernozem, saline
and soddy-allovial soils were studied. The
following trace element contents were found
(parts per Billion): cadmium 9 to 23, 8 to 25, 3
to 23, and 3 to 30; nickel 10 to 29, 19 to U2. 11
to 30, and 1<4 to 13; zinc 18 to H9, 21 to 8U, 20
to 5U, and 23 to 98; respectively in gray and
brown forest soils of the central part; dark-gray
forest and chernozei soils from the north;
chernozems in the south; and compact chernozems,
soddy alluvial, and saline soils of different
regions. Trace element accumulation in the upper
horizons was high in chernozeis, especially in
leached and typical chernozeis formed on
derivatives of Tertiary clays. This is explained
by the high trace eleient content in soil-foriing
rocks and the high absolute age of chernozeis.
Younger licellar ordinary carbonate and
xerophyte-forest chernozeis had less trace
eleient content and their accumulation in the
upper horizons was also less. A correlation was
found between the trace eleient content (chiefly
zinc and nickel) and the texture of the soil and
soil-foriing rocks; zinc and nickel contents were
higher in thick argillaceous chernozei on
original clay (U1 to 53 and 1U to 30 parts per
•illion) than in heavy loaiy chernozei on
loess-like loae (10 to 30 and 11 to 17 parts per
Million) . The saie correlation was not observed
for copper and cadiiui. Bore than half of the
trace elements were concentrated in the silt
fractions of chernozeis. Characteristic features
of co«pact chernozeis are: high capper (69-81
parts per lillion), soietiies high cacliini (11-22
parts per million), low zinc (30 to 42 parts per
million) and low nickel (1V to 21 parts per
million). In gray and brown forest soils trace
elements accumulated in the uppermost part of the
profile and in the alluvial horizon.
Soddy-alluvial meadow soils from the southern
part of Moldavia contain much more trace elements
than chernozems in neighboring watershed areas;
hence, the flood plain can be considered as a
kind of geocheiical barrier to the migration of
trace elements from the dry land to the sea. The
profile distribution of trace elements reflected
the stratification of soddy alluvial soils.
Beadow-chernozem solonchak has a high trace
element content compared with other soils. The
soils are arranged in the following order in
respect to trace element reserves: leached and
typical chernozems greater than soddy-alluvial
meadow soils greater than gray and brown forest
soils greater than micellar ordinary and
carbonate chernozems.
395
Effect of Adaptation of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans
to a Copper-Arsenic-Tin Concentrate on the
Arsenic Leaching Bate
Kulebakin, V.G.; Laptev, S.P.
Sb. Tr., Tsent. Nauch.-Issled. Inst. Olovyan.
Prom. (D8BBYC) , No. 1, 75-76; 1971
ARSENIC; LEACHING; COPPER; TIN; THIOBACILLOS:
FERROOZIDANS
396
Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate on Mobility
of Radioactive Isotopes of Strontiui, Cesiui and
of Soie Other Eleients in Soil
Kulikov, N.7.; Ural. Fil. Akad. Nauk, Inst.
Biol., OSSR
Eochvovedenie, 6, 79-83; 1965
COBALT 60; ZINC 65; IRON; CALCIUM «5; STRONTIUM
90; RUTHENIUM 106; ZIRCONIUM 95; CBSIOB 137;
CHELATION; PLANT UPTAKE; ADSORPTION; SOILS;
CHERNOZEM; RADIOISOTPES
In laboratory experiments with leadow chernozemic
soil, Na2EDTA sharply decreased sorption of Co
60, Zn 65, Y 91 and Fe 59 by soil, decreased
socption of Ca U5, Sr 90, Zr 95 and Hu 106 to a
lesser extent and did not decrease sorption of Cs
137. In a pot experiment EDTA greatly increased
the concentration (dry-weight basis) of Co 60 in
vetch and in the soil filtrate, possibly
increased mobility of Ru 106 somewhat, but had no
effect on the mobility of Sr 90 and Cs 137.
Co-EDTA was stable in soil.
397
Influence of Certain Complexons on Radioisotope
Sorption by Soil
Kolikov, N.7.
Tr. Inst. Ekol. Rast. Zhivotn., 61, 21-25; 1968
STRONTIUM; COBALT; ZINC; CADMIUM; CBHIOM;
HOTHENIOH; CALCIOS; SOILS; RADIOISOTOPES;
ADSOBPTIOH; CESIUM; CHBLATION
The greatest efficiency for reducing the sorption
by the soil of radioisotopes of cobalt, zinc,
cadmium, cerium, and ruthenium was obtained with
ED1A and DTPA, and calcium and strontium—BDBIP
and DTPA. All of the chelates were ineffective
for the radioisotopes of rubidium, silvers, and
cesium. EDTA and DTPA are of interest for
further study under growing conditions and also
in field experiments with the purpose of
increasing the migration capability of cobalt,
zinc, cadmium, cerium, and ruthenium isotopes in
more complex soil-solution-plant. (tr-Auth)
58
-------
398-406
398
Movement of Chemicals in Soils by vater
Kurtz, L.T.; Belsted, S.S.; Agronomy Departient,
University of Illinois, Orbana, Illinois
Soil Sci., 115(3), 231-239; 1973
ADSOHPTIOII; BIBLIOGRAPHY; CHBSICAL ANALYSIS;
LEACHING; LEACHATES; RETTED; SOILS; RATER;
LANDFILLS; IONS; SALTS; BOVEBENT
Experimental methods of detection for the
waterborne movement of salts and ions through
soils are reviewed. The relation to the chemical
and physical condition of the soils is examined.
403
Heavy-Hetal Contamination of Soils
Lagerwerff, J.V.
Part of Agriculture and the Quality of our
Environment, (Brady, N.C., ed.). Am. Ass. Adv.
Sci., washingotn, 343-364; 1967
COPPBB; ZINC; BANGANESE; NICKEL; ALOBINUS;
BEBCURI; CADBIOB; LEAD; HEAVY BETALS; SOILS
Soil contamination with Cu, Zn, On, Hi, Al, Hg,
Cd and Pb is discussed. (101 references.)
399
Growth Injury of Crops by Heavy Betals. 2. Effect
of Control of Irrigation and Drainage on
Absorption of Cadmium by Rice Plant
Kusaka, S.; Ohtani, R.; Iiai, T.; Zikihara, T.;
Ryogo Prefect. Agric. Exp. Stn., Akashi, Japan
Chugokn Hogyo Kenkyn (CHNKAH) 1972, (44) 26-9; 1972
CADHIOH; RICE; SOILS; FLOODING; CROPS; PLAHTS;
UPTAKE; SOIL HOISTOBE; BOISTUHE
404
Lead Bercury and Cadmium as Environmental
Contaminants
Lagerwerff, J.V.
Part of Bortvedt, J.J., P. B. Giordano and R.L.
Lindsay (Ed.). Bicronntrients in Agriculture.
Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Muscle Shoals,
Alabama, April 20-22, 1971. Soil Science Society
of America, Inc.; Badison, His., D.S.A. 1972 (p.
593-636) 666p.; 1972
BEA7T BETALS; LEAD; BERCOBI; SOILS; CADBIOB;
AGBICOLTUBE; BICHONOTRIENTS
400
Geochemistry of Amino Acid Enantiomers. Gas
Chromatography of Their Diastereomeric
Derivatives.
Kvenvolden. K.O.; Peterson, E.; Pollock, G.E.;
Ames Besearch Center, NASA, Boffett Field,
California
Part of Advances in Organic Geochemistry,
Proceedings of Pish International fleeting. Von
Gaertner, H.R., (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford,
England (387-U01) ; 1972
AHIHO ACIDS; DIASTEBEOBER CHBOHATOGRAPHT; SOILS;
SEDIBEHTS; BETEORITE; GEOCHESISTBI
1401
Ecological Study of Arsenic Pollution in the
Environment of an Ore Processing Plant
Laamanen, A.; Institute of Occupational Health,
Helsinki, Finland
Work; Environ. Health, 9(1), 40-43; 1972
ARSENIC; ORE PROCESSING PLANTS; SBELTERS; COPPER;
QBE; SOILS; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
The maximum arsenic concentrations were found
8-12 km from the copper-ore smelters.
405
Uptake of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by Radish-D
frcm Soil and Air
Lagerwerff, J.V.
Soil Sci. 111 (2), 129-133; 1971
UPTAKE; CADMIOB; LEAD; ZINC; RADISH-D; ATOBIC
ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBETHI; TBANSLOCATION;
SOILS; AIR
406
Uptake of Lead by Alfalfa and Corn From Soil and
Air
Lagerwerff, J.V.; Armiger, B.H.; Specht, A.M.
Soil Sci., 115(6), 455-60; 1973
LEAD; PLANTS; SOILS; CORN; ALFALFA; PLANT OPTAKE;
BETABOLISB
Studies on the lead uptake by corn and alfalfa in
a greenhouse revealed that the heavier pB fallout
inside the greenhouse than outside vas reflected
by the Pb absorption in the plants. The higher
deposit of Pb inseide the greenhouse vas due to
lead-containing. Paint wearing off the window
frames. The plant parts in the lower plant
section distinctly reflected increases in soil Pb
content.
402
An Occurrence of Naturally Lead Poisoned Soil at
Kastad Near Gjovik Norway
Lag, J.R.; Hvatum, O.o.; Bolviken, B.
Nor Geol Dnders (266). 1969 141-159.
OCCURRENCE; LEAD; SOILS
59
-------
407-414
107
Accumulation of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc in
Soil and Vegetation in the Proximity of a Shelter
Lagerwerff, J.V.: Bower, D.L.; Beicsdorf, G.T.;
Agricultural Environmental Quality Institute,
Agricultural Research Service, O.S. Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
Part of Hemphi 11, D.D.(Ed.|, Trace Substances in
Environmental Health - VI, June 13-15, 1972,
University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, HO,
(p. 71-79) 399 p.; 1972
CADMIUM; COPPER; LEAD; ZINC; SOILS; VEGETATION;
SMELTERS; PLANTS; ANALYSIS; PB
Soil and plant samples vere collected along
northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast
transects crossing at the site of a smelter, and
between transects. The concentrations of Cd, Cu,
Pb and Zn in soils and plants decreased with
increasing distance from the snelter, indicating
the possible location of the source. Analysis of
the soil profile estabished a negative
relationship between metal concentration and
depth. This suggests an aerial origin of the
contamination. Soil samples were also collected
in enclosed spaces under houses (protected soil),
as well as around these houses (unprotected
soil). The average ratios between the metal
concentrations in the 0-20 ci layers of
unprotected soil and comparable metal
concentrations in the protected soil are 7.0 for
cadniun, 2.9 for copper, 2.0 for manganese, 2.3
for lead and 0.8 for zinc. These values serve as
a general measure depicting the metal
accumulation in the exposed soil. Coupled with
the low pH, it indicates a deterioration of the
quality of the soil in a region with a high
native metal background level.
408
Exchange Adsorption of Trace Quantities of
Cadmium Soils Treated with Chlorides of Aluminum,
Calcium and Sodium
Lagerwerff, J.V.; Brower, D.L.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36, 731-737; 1972
EZCBANGE; ADSOBPTION; CADMIDH; SOILS; CBLORIDSS;
ALUMINUM CHLORIDES; CALCIUM CHLORIDES; SODIUM
CHLORIDES
409
Exchange Adsorption or Precipitation of Lead in
Soils Treated with Chorides of Aluminum, Calcium,
and Sodium
Lagerwerff, J.V.; Brower, D. L.; Natl. Agric. Bes.
Cent., Agric Res. Serv., Beltsville, SD
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8) . 37(1),
11-13; 1973
ADSORPTION; PRECIPITATION; LBAD; EXCHANGE; SOILS;
CHLORIDES; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; SODIOM
410
Contamination of Roadside Soil and Vegetation
with Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc
Lagerwerff, J.V.; Specht, A.U.
Environ. Sci. and Tech. 583-586 (July 1970); 1970
ROADSIDE; VEGETATION; CADMIUM; NICKEL; LEAD;
ZINC; SOILS
411
The Transport of Cations in Soil Columns at
Different Pore Velocities
Lai, S.B.; Jnrinak, J.J.
Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(5), 730-733; 1972
FLOH; ION CHBOHATOGHAPHI; RETENTION; TRANSPORT;
CATIONS; SOIL COLUMNS; PORE VELOCITIES
412
The Effect of Liming on the Adsorption and
Exchange characteristics of Trace Elements in
Soils
Lakanen, E.
Acta Agric. Scand., 17, 131-139; 1967
LIMING; ADSOBPTION; SOILS; PB; MANGANESE; ZINC;
LEAD; NICKEL; COBALT; MOLTBDENOfl; STROHTIOH;
TRACE ELEMENTS
In a long-term pot experiment liming of acid
soils decreased acid NB40Ac-extractable Mn, Zn,
Pb, Co, Ni, Co and Ho, and increased adsorption
of Co 60, Zn 65 and Sr 89. Extractability of Co
60, Zn 65 and Sr 89 decreased at low pB and
increased above pB 7.
413
Heavy Local Lead Contamination in Southern
Finland. Preliminary Beport
Lakanen, E.; Ervio, R.
Ann. Agric. Fenn., 10(3), 114-118; 1972
SHOW; SMELTERS; TRAFFIC; SOILS; ANALTSIS; PLANTS;
LEAD
414
Selenium Accumulation in Soils and its Absorption
by Plants and Animals
Lakin, H.; U.S. Geol. Snrv., Denver, Colo.
Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., 83(1), 173-81; 1972
GBOCBBHISTBT; ACCUMULATION; SOILS; ABSORPTION;
PLANTS; ANIMALS
A review. Environmental Se contamination is
increasing and should remain below hazardous
levels.
60
-------
415-420
U15
Selenium in Oar Environment
Lakin, H.B.; O.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
Part of Kothney, B.L. (Bd.). Trace Elements in
the Environment, a Symposium sponsored by the
Division of Rater, Air, and Haste Chemistry at
the 162nd Heeting of the 1 •erican Chemical
Society, Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 1971,
American Cheiical Society, iashington, D.C., (p.
96-131) 1«9 p.
SBLEHIOH; VOLCAHIC EBARATIONS; BETALLIC SDLPIDES;
BIOLOGICAL SINKS; BLACK SHALES; COAL; PBTROLEOH;
SELENIPEBOOS BLACK SHALES; SELES IFBBOUS SOILS;
ANIHALS; PDELS; SOILS; VOLCANO
The primary sources of selenium are volcanic
emanations and metallic snlfides associated with
igenous activity, seleninmcondary sources are
biological sinks in which it has accumulated.
The selenium content of black shales, coal, and
petroleum is 10-20 times the crostal abundance
(0.05 ppm). Seleniferons black shales are the
parent materials of the widespread seleniferoos
soils of the western plains of the United States.
When burned, coal and petroleum containing
selenium give rise to a redistribution of
particalate selenium and SeO2. The average
selenium content of O.S. coal is about 3 ppm and
of petroleum about 0.2 ppm. Selenium is an
essential nutrient for animals and is reguired at
a concentration of about 40 ppb in their diet; at
concentrations of 4000 ppb and above, however, it
becomes toxic to animals.
416
Fixation of Copper by Soils in the Presence of
EDTA
Lai, S.; De, S.K.
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 19(2), 1971, 185-188
FIXATION; COPPEB; SOILS; EDTA
417
Adsorption of Copper by Soils in Aqueous fledia at
Different Temperatures
Lai, S.; De, S.K.; Chandra, S.; Oniv. Allahabad,
India
Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenk 128 (1). 1971 54-62.;
1971
AO.UEOOS HEDIA; COPPEB; COPPEB SOLFATE; NITBOGEH;
CARBON; HAGHESIOH; OXTGEN; ADSOBPTIOH; SOILS; PB;
SILT LOAH;: ENDOTHEHHIC BEACTIOR; LOAN; SILT
The investigated soils (pH 6.7-7.2 and 8.5-8.6,
CEC 27.2-24.5 and 26.2-20 meg/100 g, to 12-18
inches depth in the profile) showed rather high
Cu2 + fixation from CuS04; the fixation was
higher in loam, than in silt loam, was an
endothermic reaction accompanied by a decrease in
the resultant pB, generally increased with depth,
and was affected by various factors such as pH,
B2O3, MgO and exchangeable Hg, and C/N ratio.
418
Movement and Sorption of Chemicals Applied to the
Soil
Lambert, S.H.; Porter, P.E.; Schieferstein, B.E.
Heeds, 13, 185; 1965
ROVEHERT; SOBPTIOR; SOILS
419
Dynamics
Acid
of Interaction of Cations and Fulvic
Lang ford, C.H.; Gamble, D.S.; Department of
Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada; Soil Besearch Institute, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Part of International Conference on Transport of
Persistent Chemicals in Aguatic Ecosystems,
Ottawa, Canada, Ray 1-3, 1974, University of
Ottawa, Rational Besearch Council Laboratories,
Rational Besearch Council of Canada, Environment
Canada, p. 24
HETAL IONS; SEDIHEHTS; TBARSPOBT; FOLVIC ACID;
EBVIEi; IONIC THEOBT; BINDING; KINETICS;
POLTELECTROLTTE; SODBL; LIGARDS; AHALISIS; IBON;
SPECTBOSCOPT; CATIONS; IONS
Betal ions may accumulate in sediments as basic
complexes. Agneous transport involves the
related soluble fnlvic acid complexes. Such
complexes have been speculatively designated
•non-labile*. Some relevant highlights of the
theory of metal complex lability and binding
properties of fulvic acid are reviewed.
Subsequently, the first experimental study of
kinetics of binding of a metal ion to a well
characterized fulvic acid is reported. The metal
ion is Fe(3+), the fulvic acid a polyelectrolyte
of apparent mw approximately 900 vith
approximately 3 m eg of phenolic sites ortho to
carboxyl groups per gram. The rate of binding is
similar to that for the simple model ligand
sulfosalicylic acid. The experiments were
carried out using stopped flow kinetic
spectroscopy. This technigue has interesting
potential application for a molecular species
specific metal ion analysis scheme illustrated.
420
Controls on the Amounts of Pollutants in
Subsurface Raters
Langmuir, D.
Earth and Mineral Sciences, 42(2), 9-16; 1972,
November
BIOCONVEBSION; DEGBADATION; GASES; GEOLOGY;
LANDFILLS; LEACHING; LEiCHATES; BINE SHAFTS;
BEVIER; SOILS; ONDEBGBOUND AQUIFERS; MATER
An brief review of the scientific problems
involved in a study of the pollution of
underground aguifers by leachates from domestic
landfill sites.
61
-------
421-428
121
Adaptation of an Activated Sludge to the
Purification of an Industrial Effluent
Le Ral, P.; Buatois, J.; Peny, J.; Fontanges,
Trib Cebedeau (Cent Belg Etud Doc Eaux Air)
26(351), 78-89; 1973
HICROFLOBA; PHENOL; DIMETHYL SULFOIIDB;
DE6BAD&TIOH; IMDOSTBY; SLUDGE
422
Factors Affecting the Transfer of Materials
Between Hater and Sediments
Lee, G.F.; Water Chemistry Program, University of
Wisconsin, Hadison, Wisconsin
Literature Review So. 1, University of Wisconsin,
Water Resources Center, Eutrophication
Info nation Program; July 1970
WATER; SEDIMENTS; EXCHANGE REACTIONS;
HYDRODYNAMICS; BATE; EXCHANGE
This paper attempts to show in a general way the
factors that lay be involved in various kinds of
exchange reactions between waters and sediients.
Basically, the exchange reactions have been
broken down into physical control, where
hydrodynamics plays the important part in
determining the rate of exchange, and biological
and chemical control, where the processes
bringing the material onto or from the surface of
the solid play the important role. Knowledge of
exchange reactions and the factors influencing
them appears to be eitremely meager. In fact, it
is almost impossible to Bake any predictions
about the magnitude or rate of exchange for any
species in a system, that has not been
investigated. Hopefully, current research in
this area will help to eliminate this deficiency
in knowledge within a few years.
423
Lead Pollution from a Factory Manufacturing
Anti-Knock Compounds
Lee, J.A.
Nature (LOND), 238, 165-166; 1972
GROUND LAYER; BFYOPHYTES; LEAD; ANTIKNOCK
COMPOUNDS; FACTORY
424
Priority of Concern Ranking System for Land
Disposal of Hazardous Wastes
Lee , R . E.
Masters Thesis, University of Louisville, Speed
Scientific School, Louisville, KY, 128 p.; 1972
LAND DISPOSAL; WASTES; DISPOSAL
425
Numerical Simulation of Water Quality in Coastal
Waters and Estuaries
Leendertse, J.J.; Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA
Part of 1970 IEEE International Conference on
Engineering in the Ocean Environment, Digest of
Technical Papers, Vol. 1, Winner, L. (Ed.),
253-4; 1970, September
WATER; WATER QUALITY; ESTUARIES; MODEL; COMPUTER
SIMULATION; WASTE DISCHARGES; TIDES; DISSOLVED
OXYGEN; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; SALINITY;
COLIFORM BACTERIA; SEA HATER
Assessment of the influence of waste discharges
in estuaries in necessary for water quality
management in these waters. The model described
here was developed for well-mixed estuaries and
coastal seas in which salinity distributions at
any point are uniform over the vertical.
Hell-mixed regions generally occur when
considerable tidal flow exists together with a
limited flow of fresh water. The dispersion of
the fluid waste is caused mainly by the tidal
flow, and conseguently a model was developed for
computation of the flow and time-varying water
levels in the region which is considered. Because
the tide stage influences the location of the
water's edge in the tidal flats, which in turn
affects the surface area of the estuary and the
cross sections to a considerable extent, these
functional relationships were also included in
the model. The different constituents of the
fluid waste can react with each other or with
natural substances in the water; thus a reaction
model in included. The water temperature and
solar radiation influence the reaction rates,
while the exchange of gases at the water surface
depends on wind and waves. The functional
relationships are not known exactly and must be
found from the adjustment of the model using
field measurements. The•model is now being
evaluated and adjusted for conditions in Jamaica
Bay under contract with the City of New York.
426
Utilization and Disposal of Municipal,
Industrial, and Agricultural Processing Wastes
Leep, R.; Traynor, H.F.; Knezek, B.D.
Progr. Rept., Rich. State Univ., Agri. Expt.
Sta.; 1973
DISPOSAL; MUNICIPAL WASTES; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS;
AGRICULTURAL WASTES; WASTES; INDUSTRIAL WASTES
427
Reactions of Heavy Metals with Soils With Special
Regard to Their Application in Sewage Waste
Leeper, G.W.
Dept of Army Corp. of Bngr., Special Contract
Report of Contract No. DACW73-73-C-0026, 70p.;
1972
HEAVY METALS; SOILS; SEWAGE; WASTES
428
Armeria-D on a Copper dine in Wales and on a Zinc
Lead Bine in the Pyrenees
Lefebvre, C.
Bull Soc R Bot Belg 105 (1). 1972 207-212.
METALS; TOLERANCE; MORPHOLOGY; SOILSr BINES;
COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; HUMANS
62
-------
429-434
429
Trace-Element Removal from Sevage Effluent by
Soil Filtration
Lehman, G.S.; Wilson, L.G.; Dep. Watershed
Manage., Oniv. Arizona, Tucson, Iriz.
Water Re sour. Res., 7(1), 90-9; 1971
TRACE ELEHEHTS; WATER; SBWAG1; GEOCHEMISTRY;
REMOVAL; SEWAGE EFFLUENTS; SOIL FILTRATION;
GRAVEL; CONCENTRATION; IRON; MANGANESE; NICKEL;
COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; CADMIUM; PERCOLATION;
CALCAREOUS SOILSS (S) 9SILTS; SANDS39SILT; SAND;
SILTS; SANDS; PINE GRAYEL; AEROBIC: MIGRATION;
SOILS; FILTRATION
The concentrations of iron, manganese, nickel,
copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in a domestic
sewage effluent were effectively reduced daring
percolation through approximately 8 feet of
material in lysimeters containing calcareous
soil, mostly silt, sand, and fine gravel.
Strontium concentrations were not reduced by
filtration. Intermittent application of sewage
is much more desirable than continuous
application for trace metal filtration. Cations
are immobilzed by oxidation, thus maintenance of
an aerobic environment is essential for reducing
trace metal translocation. CA 74 (12), 305 (1971)
430
Removal of Cations Prom Leachate by Interaction
with Subsurface Soils
Leighton, I.W.; Blanc, F.C.; Solid Haste
Management Branch Environmental Protection
Agency, Boston, HA; Department of Civil
Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, HA
Boston Soc. of Civil Engineers, 60(4), 145-164;
1973
LEACHATE; LANDFILLS; SOILS; SODIDH; POTASSIUM;
CALCIUR; IRON; MAGNESIUM
This investigation was conducted in order to
determine the magnitude of cation removal from
leachate provided by soils under a landfill. The
interaction of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron,
and magnesium cations in leachate with a soil was
examined for eight Massachusetts soils in
laboratory soil column experiements. Removal
capacities for the various soil types were
developed based on the soil column experiments.
The removal values ranged from 3.8
millieguivalents to 31.1 milliequivalents per 100
grams of dry soil. Shaker tests were used to
verify the soil column experiments.
431
Mercury in the Environment. A Global Review
Including Recent Studies in the Delaware Bay
Region
Lepple, F.K.; Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of
Marine Studies
Report No. DEL-SG-8-73; Monitoring Agency Bept.
No. NOAA-73040201; Contract HOAA-3-35223; 76 p.
1973. March
REVIEW; MERCURY POISONING; MEHCOBY; ANALYSIS;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; COAL;: FLOX HATE; SAMPLING;
WATER; ANIMALS: AIR; TOLERANCE; ATMOSPHERE;
BIOSPHERE: LITHOSPHERE; HYDROSPHERE; FLUX
The first section of this two-part report reviews
basic properties of mercury and its compounds as
related to their effect on various facets of the
environment. Among the topics discussed are the
chemical forms and hazards of mercury, incidents
of mercury contamination, governmental standards
and tolerance limits, levels of mercury in the
atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and
hydrosphere, and the flux through each segment.
The reality of the 'mercury problem' globally and
locally is evaluated. A comprehensive review of
the accepted methods of analyses for mercury and
its compounds is also presented. The second
section reports on recent studies of mercury
levels in the Delaware Bay Region and compares
the concentrations found in the waters and
sediments to values from other areas.
432
Partlculate and Soluble Agents Affecting the
Relation Between Metal Toxicity and Organism
Survival in the Calanoid Copepod Euchaeta Japonica
Lewis, A.G.; Rhitefield, P.H.; Ramnarine, A.;
Institute of Oceanography, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Mar. Biol. (HBIOAJ), 17(3), 215-21; 1972
COPPER; DIATOMS; ASCORBIC ACID; HDHIC ACIDS;
COPEPODS; CLAY; SEA iATER
Diatoms and clay mineral particles added to
copper enriched seawater were effective in
reducing the toxic effects of copper to E.
JAPONICA. Ascorbic acid sewage effluent, and
water extracts of humic acid and two types of
soils were also effective in regulating the
effect of trace metals in this organism.
water-soluble agents that were beneficial to
survival in copper enriched water were compared
with the effect of synthetic etiolating agent to
gualify the activity of the agents.
433
Soil Organic Matter-Metal Complexes. IV. Nature
and Properties of Exchange sites
Lewis, T.E.; Broadbent, F.E.
Soil Sci., 91, 393-399; 1961
SOILS; ORGANIC NATTER; METALS; EXCHANGE; COMPLEXES
434
Behavior of Zinc Sulfate as Poliar Applications
and as Soil Applications in Some New Jersey Soils
Leyden, R.F.; Toth, S.J.
Soil Sci., 89, 223-228; 1960
SOILS; ZINC SOLFATE; ZINC; SULFATES; FOLIAGE;
PLANTS
63
-------
435-440
435
Migration of Copper and Zinc in a Soil-later
System
Lifshits, G.H.; Abros'kina, S.A. ; Stanislavskaya,
T.lt.; Pilevskaya, K.B.
Zap. Voronezh. Sel'skokhoz. Inst., 40. 103-11;
1969
SOILS; WATER; ORGANIC HATTER; GEOCHEfllSTRT;
MIGRATION; COPPEB; ZINC; TRACE ELEMENTS; PB
in attempt vas made to determine the character of
copper and zinc migration fro* air-dry soil
(noDcoasted) and soil, roasted at 450-500 degree,
and thus determine indirectly the effect of
organic substance on the degree cf trace elements
froi soil into natural waters. The extractions
vere made by doable distilled vater and
guaternary fonation water. The maximum
extraction of copper and zinc occurred during 24
hours at 30 minute intervals between stirring.
The increase in contact of soil water to 72 hours
solewhat decreased the content of trace elements
in extractions which was caused by
adsorption-colloidal processes. The stable
equilibrium was established during further
exposure for less than 110 hours. This was not
observed for roasted soils where copper and zinc
contents remained constant. This stabilization
of equilibrium was possibly caused by an absence
in roasted soil of organic substance and
substances promoting formation of colloids.
Chemical processes, which occurred in water
reservoirs and resulted in accumulation of
organic substances, effected changes in redox
potential in the near bottom layer promoting
transfer in soluble state of some copper and zinc
compounds. Decrease in extraction degree of
copper and zinc by formation water with increased
time was caused probably by increase in pH and
total mineral content. Contents of copper and
zinc in extractions from roasted soils were lover
by a factor of nearly 2.
436
Environmental Levels of Radioactivity in
Livermore Valley Soils
Lindeken, C.L.; Gnidiksen, P.B.; Headows, J.w.;
Hamby, K.O.; Anspangh, L.R.
Report Ho. CONF-730603-3; Monitoring Agnecy Bept.
Ho. 18 16 Apr 73, 16 p.; 1973, April 16
ABERICIDH 241; 8ISHOTH 214; CBSIOH 137;
DIFFUSION; FALLOUT DEPOSITS: GAHHA SOURCES;
GASEOOS BASTES; LEAD 212; NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY;
POTASSIUM 40; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL;
RADIONOCLIDE MIGRATION; STACK DISPOSAL; STBOMTIOH
90; RADIATION HORITORIHG; SOILS; PLOTONIOR 239;
PLOTOHI0H 238
FOR ABSTRACT, SEE USA 28 05, NUMBER 10871.
436
Inorganic Phase Eguilibria of Micronutrients in
Soils
Lindsay, H.L.
Part of in Mlcronntrients in Agriculture, Soil
Sci. Soc. Amer., Inc., 677 South Segoe Road,
Madison, Hisconsin 53711, p. 41-57; 1972
EQUILIBRIUM; MICRONUTHIENTS; SOILS
439
Eguilibrium Relationships of Solid Phase Lead
Compounds in Soils
Lindsay, U.L.; Department of Agronomy, Colorado
State Dniversity, Fort Collins, CO 80521
Presented at the 1973 Joint Annual Meeting of the
American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science
Society of America, and Soil Science Society of
America, Held at Las Vegas, Nevada, November
11-16, 1973
SOLUBILITY; SOILS; LEAD; IONIC SPECIES; MOLECULAR
SPECIES; LEAD COMPOUNDS; EQUILIBRIUM
A solubility diagram was developed to show the
equilibrium levels of lead (2 plus) that can be
maintained in soils by various lead compounds
including PbO, PB304, PbO2, PbSO4, Pb3(PO4)2,
PbCO3, PbHoO4, PbO.PbSOt, etc. The ionic and
molecular species of lead in soil solutions of
different pB are also considered. The effects of
S04, C02, redox potential, and phosphate
potential on lead solubility are included.
Experimental studies were made in which various
lead salts were reacted with soils for periods up
to 30 days. Other experimental variables
included soil pB, sulfate, phosphate, carbon
dioxide, and redox potential. Measurements of pB,
lead (2 plus), and total lead in solution were
made on the solution phases. The solubility
diagram was found useful in interpreting the
reactions of lead in soils and pointing out the
fallacies often encountered when lead reactions
are considered as merely adsorption or exchange
reactions.
440
The Physics-Chemical Equilibrium of Metal
Chelates in Soils and Their Influence on the
Availability of Ricronutrient Cations
Lindsay, B.L.; Hodgson, J.F.; Morvell, S.A.
Int. Soc. Soil Sci., Trans. Comm. II, IV
(Aberdeen, Scotland), (305-316); 1967
HETALS; CHELATES; SOILS; AVAILABILITY;
HICBOMDTBIENTS; CATIONS; PBYSICAL EQUILIBRIUM;
EQUILIBRIUM; CBEBICAL EQUILIBRIUM
437
Influence of the Soil Matrix on the Availability
of Trace Elements to Plants
Lindsay, H.L.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.. 199, 37-45; 1972
SOIL MATRIX; PLANTS; TRACE ELEMENTS; AVAILABILITY
64
-------
441-447
441
Equilibrium Relationships of Zn2+, Fe3*. Ca24,
and H+ with EOT A and DTP* in Soils
Lindsay, R.L. ; Horvell. ».A.
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 33, 62-68; 1969
CHELATES; SOILS; PH; Zinc; IROH; CALCIUH;
HYDROGEN IONS; BDTA; DTPA
Stability diagrams (mole-fraction diagrams) are
derived foe the chelates in soil when competing
cations ace either Fe * Ca and H or Zn « Fe » Ca
and B; the diagrams show the specific
metal-llgand complexes f on ing in the soil as
veil as changes in the concentration of each
complex with a change in pH. Evidence is
presented showing that Zn2+ reacts with amorphous
Si02 to for* ZnSiC03; this product may account
for the low solubility of Zn2» in soils (about 50
ppb and 0.005 ppb at pB 6 and 8. respectively) .
442
A Theory on the Bass Transport of Previously
Distributed Chelicals in a Hater Saturated
Sorbing Porous Medium: Isothermal Cases
Lindstrom, F.T.; Boersma, L.; Stockard, D.;
Oregon State University, Corvallis
Soil Science, 112(5), 291-300; 1971
BODSL; MASS TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT; SORBTIOH MODEL;
FREONDLICB ISOTH8HB; SURFACE CONCENTRATIONS;
LANGBOIR EQUATION
Three models are considered. The first uses a
special case of the Freundlich isotheri, the
second a time-dependent sorbtion model
(first-order kinetic type) and the third model
also takes into account the changing surface
concentrations.
443
Cadmium Dptake by wheat fro* Sewage Sludge Osed
as a Plant Nutrient Source
Linnman, L.; Andersson, A.; Nilsson, K.O.; Llnd,
B.; Kjellstrom, T.; Friberg, L.
Arch. Environ. Health, 27(1), 45-47; 1973, July
ADSORPTIOH; CADRIOH; ANALYSIS; CROPS; FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION; FOOD CHAINS; SBRAGE; SLODGE
TREATMENT: SOILS; BBBAT; UPTAKE; PLANTS; RESIDUE
Atomic absorption and neutron activation analysis
of cadmium in wheat showed that increased levels
resulted from the use of sewage sludge as a
fertilizer.
445
A Survey of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium in Soil and
natural Vegetation Around A SBelting Coiplei
Little, P.; Martin, H.B.; Botany Dept.,
University of Bristol, Great Britain
Environmental Pollution, 3, 241-54; 1972
ZINC; LEAD; CADMIOH; SOILS; LEAVES; PLANTS;
PROSPECTING; DOSTS; AIR; PAHTICOLATES; ATONIC
ABSORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOSETHY; ELD; BARTBOBR;
COHCENTRATION; DPTAKB; FOLIAB APPLICATION;
SHELTERS; TREES
Analysis of samples of leaves and soil collected
in the Avonmouth area of Severnside shows the
distribution of airborne zinc, lead and cadmium
to be strongly affected by prevailing wind
conditions. Levels of zinc, lead, and cadmium in
elm leaves collected in October 1971 range from
8000, 5000 and 50 parts per million dry matter
respectively close to a smelting complex, to
values of about 200, 100 and less than 0.25 parts
per million respectively at distances of 10 to 15
kilometers from the factory. It is clear that
considerable contamination of the natural
vegetation has occurred, and is occurring, in
this area. The authors conclude that the dust
settled on the leaves and on the soil, with
falling leaves and washed material from the
leaves also adding to the soil. The
concentration in the soil was greater in wooded
areas and in the immediate surface (0-6 cm).
Other work has shown that leaf concentrations as
high as found caused reduced yield or toxicity
symptoms. They explain the lack of such symptoms
by the zinc and lead being in particulate form
and perhaps inert. They did conclude that most
of the lead remained as a superficial deposit on
the leaves while some of the zinc and cadmium
penetrated into the leaves.
446
Chemical and Physical Behavior of Copper in
Organic Soils
Lucas, R.E.
Soil Sci., 66, 119-129; 1948
COPPER; SOILS; ORGANIC SOILS; CBBBISTRY
447
The Availability and Fixation of Copper in
Swedish Soils
Lundblad, K.; Svanberg, 0.; Ekman, P.
Plant 6 Soil 1, 277-302; 1949
AVAILABILITY: FIIATION; COPPER; SOILS
444
Trace Hetals in Soils, Plants, and Animals
Lisk, D.J.
Adv. in Agronomy 24, 268-325; 1972
TRACE ELEHENTS; HETALS; SOILS; PLANTS; ANIMALS;
REVIEW
65
-------
448-454
Some Aspects of the Determination and
Distribution of Zinc
Lnndergardh, P.H.
Sweden Lantbruks Hogskolans Ann. 15, 1-36; 1918
SPECTROGRAPHY; CONCENTRATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ZIHC;
PLANTS; ANIMALS; ROCKS; SOILS; HIGFATION
The physiological function of Zn in plants and
animals and its distribution as set forth in 80
references are discussed. The paper is a study
of the abundance of Zn in the rocks and soils of
Sweden. In the spectrographic lethod 1. used,
the sensitivity of the plates and the length of
the exposure were adjusted to the very short life
of Zn in the arc, and the carbon electrodes were
protected from rapid burning. The 3345.02 A.
line of Zn was measured, and a correction derived
from a graph was applied to allow for the
variations in this line due to the presence of K,
Na, and Ca. Data of many determinations of Zn
are presented fron rocks and soils of Sweden
selected to test certain theories about the
migration of Zn, It was not found to have been
increased in concentration in certain Ordovician
sediments, but in these it is shown that there
was precipitation of CaCo3 (and thus dilution)
not as a part of organisms. But in certain other
sediments made up of clay minerals drawn by the
action of the roots of plants there was found the
expected increase in concentration. Low
concentrations of Zn were less than 100 parts per
million. A greenish gray Cambrian sandy slate
contained 1000 parts per million and enrichment
of a sediment was implied at concentrations
greater than 100 parts per million and indicated
at greater than 200 parts per million. Among the
crystalline rocks the Zn content was parallel to
that of biotite; it was generally highest in the
more recent acidic rocks and tended to be less in
the older than younger rocks of similar
composition. The abundance of Zn as found in
these analyses is used as a basis of discussion
of the mode of formation of various crystalline
rocks.
1109
Eztractability of Added Lead in Soils and Its
Concentration in Plants
HacLean, A.J.; Balstead, B.L.; Finn, B.J.
Can. J. Soil Sci., 49, 327-331; 1969
LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; CONCENTRATION; EXTBACTABILITY
151
Heavy Metal Studies of Crops and Soils in
Nova-Scotia
HacLean, K.S.; Langille, W.fl.
Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 1(6), 195-505; 1973
VEGETABLES; LEAD; COPPER; MOLYBDENOH; ZINC;
CROPS; SOILS; HEAVY METALS
«52
Organochlorine Pesticides: An Introductory
Bibliography
Magnolia, L.R.
TBS Systems Group, No. 99900-7467-TO-OO, Bedondo
Beach, CA, 10 p.; 1971, March
PESTICIDES; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINES
153
Analysis of Phenthiuram
Hakarova, S.V.; Eliseeva, H.A.; Vses.
Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Khii. Sredstv Zashch.
Bast., Moscow, DSSR
Khim. Sel. Khoz. (Kskzan) 1973, 10(9) 680-2; 1973
PHENTHIDBAM; THTD; DETERMINATION; LINDANE;
COPPER; TRICHLOROPHENOLATE; SEEDS DISINFECTANTS;
SEED; DISINFECTANT; GAMMA HCH; TCPC; PHOSPHORIC
ACID; TETBASODIOH EDTA; CESIOS; POTASSIOH
HYDROXIDE; METHYL HYDROXIDE; ABSOBBTION;
XANTHATE; TITRATION; IODINE; HYDROLYSIS;
PETROLEUM; PETROLEUM ETHER; ETHEB; DIOMETRIC
DETERMINATION; COMBDSTION; RESIDUES;
MINERALIZATION; CHLORINE
A method was developed for the determination of
the seed disinfectant, phenthiuram, which is a
mixture of TNTD, gamma-HCH, and copper
2,4,5-trichlorophenolate (TCPD). TMTD was
determined after decomposition of phenthiuram, by
H3PO4 in the presence of tetrasodium EDTA, to
Cs2, which was absorbed in KOR/MeOB, and the
generated xanthate was titrated with iodine. The
gai«a-HCH was determined via a preliminary
extraction with petroleum ether and subsequent
hydrolysis of the chlorine groups. The content
of TCPC was determined via iodometric
determination of the copper produced by
mineralization and treatment of the combustion
residue with acid.
450
Amounts of Mercury in Soil of Some Golf Course
Sites
MacLean, A.J.; Stone, B.; Cordukes, S.E; Soil
Research Institute, Agriculture, Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario
Canadian J. Soil Science, 53(1), 130-132; 1973
MERCORI; GRASSES; SOILS; LEACHING; RETENTION;
SAND; LOAM; CLAY; HERBICIDES; HOVEBENT
The amounts of mercury in the turf were high
near the green but decreased with distance. The
degree of leaching of mercury and its retention
in the subsoil layers of the different fairways
was in the order of sand less than loam less than
clay loam.
454
Effect of Some Trace Elements on the Activity of
Some Microbiological Processes in the Soil.
Haliszewska, 9.; Soil Science Institute, Pulawy,
Poland
Bevue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 9(3),
505-512; 1972
TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; MICROBIOLOGY; METALS
66
-------
455-462
455
Bobility of Elements in Soil Profiles of
Hont-St-Hilatre, Quebec, Canada Under Varying
Slopes and Drainage Conditions
Hallick, K.A.
Nucleus (Karachi), 9(1-2), 95-96; 1972
CALCIUH; ZIHCj ENRICHBENT; HOBILITY; SOIL
HOISTUHB; SOILS; DRAINAGE; TRACE ELEHENTS
456
Distribation of Copper and Molybdenum in the
Soils, Haters, and Plants of the Kadzharan Dining
District of the Anenian S.S.B.
Balyuga, D.
Trudy Biogeokhim. Lab. Akad. Nank S.S.S.R., 11,
197-207; 1960
GEOCHEMISTRY; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; ENRICHBENT;
COPPEH; HOLYBDENUH; SOILS; BATER; PLANTS;
ORGANIC; BIOGENIC; ACCUMULATION; HOBILITY;
LEAVES; WOOD; PROSPECTING; CONCENTRATION
The molybdenum content of soils is correlated
with the amount of organic substances.
Holybdenum seeis to act as a biogenic element.
The accumulation of molybdenum in plants is
directly proportional to the amount of Mobile
molybdenum in soil. The molybdenum content of
leaves is higher than that of wood; it increases
toward the second half of the saner.
Prospecting for molybdenum and copper-molybdenum
deposits should involve determination of
•olybdenuB and (or) copper in soils and plants.
457
Biogeochemistry of Hercury in Soils and Plants
Halynga, D.; Hakhova, N.; Nikitina, R.
Tr. Buryat. Inst. Estestv. Nauk, Buryat. Filial,
Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR- No. 2, 190-191; 1969
HERCORI; PLANTS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS;
SOILS; BIOGEOCHEHISTBY
458
Dynamics of Robile Forns of Trace Elements
Copper, Hanganese in Leached Honrtain chernozem
Hanyshov, H.
Tr Kaz S-Kh Inst 13 (2). 1970 Trans 121-128.
POTATO NUTRITION; FERTILIZERS; ANAEROBIC
REDUCTION; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; OXIDATION;
SOLUBILITY; COPPER; HANGANESE; HOBILITY; CHBRNOZEH
459
Action of Arsenic Acid in the Soil
Margnlis, H.; Bonrnigull, R.
Sol. Am. Agron. Serie 110, 550-566; 1949
SOILS; ARSENIC; ARSENIC ACID
U60
Chemistry of Hetal Chelate Coipounds
Kartell, A.E.; Calvin, B.
Prentice Hall Inc.; Englewood Cliffs, NY, 613 p.;
1952
CHELATES; HETALS
461
Dehydration of Montmorillonite Containing
Exchangeable Thallium and Lead Ions
Masar, J.; Fajnor, V.; Prirodoved. Fak.,
University of Koienskeho, Bratislav,
Czechoslovakia
Silikaty (SIKTAN), 16(4), 289-294; 1972
SORPTION; BATER; MONTMORILLONITE; LEAD; THALLIUH;
IONS; DEHYDATION; THALLIUH IONS; LEAD IONS
462
Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Released fro* Acid Coal
Bine Spoil Haterials of Eastern Kentucky
Hassey, H.F.; Barnhisel, R.I.; University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Soil Science, 113 (3), 207-12; 1972
COPPEH; NICKEL; ZINC; HINE SPOILS; ACID HINE
DRAINAGE; PH; IRON; ALUHIHOB; HANGANESE; PLANTS;
PHYTOTOSICITY; AVAILABILITY; OATS; CHLOROSIS;
ORANGE SEEDLINGS; WEATHERING; STREAKS; FISH; RATER
In successive extractions of soil solution from 7
coal line spoil materials over a period of 35
veeks, the pR of the extract of a given material
vas found to follow one of three patterns: a
continued decrease, a decrease followed by an
increase, or a continued increase. It is assumed
that a decreasing pH indicates that the primary
products of sulfide oxidation are being produced
•ore rapidly than they can be consuaed and that
an increasing pH indicates that sulfide oxidation
has been completed or at least slowed.
Concentrations of iron, aluminum, manganese,
calcium, magnesium, and sodium found in the
extracted solutions were grossly similar to those
reported in spoil-bank leachates by other workers
but as inch as 112 parts per million nickel, 85
parts per million copper, and 145 parts per
•illion zinc occurred in the soil solutions
analyzed in this study. Concentrations of iron,
aluminum, manganese, zinc, copper, and nickel
were generally higher in extracts of low pH but
the range of relative variation with pH did not
appear to be as great for manganese, zinc,
copper, and nickel as for iron and aluminum. In
revegetation of spoil banks, toxicity from iron,
aluminum, and manganese is a well-recognized
problem. This paper suggests that possible
toxicities from nickel, copper, and zinc must
also be considered. The magnitude of the problem
and the extent to which it is general cannot be
assessed from this work. The major agronomic
question is whether these metal ions contribute
appreciably to failure to establish plants or
pocr growth of plants on spoil banks.
67
-------
463-468
463
Adsorption Strength of Zinc for Soil Hums. 1.
Relationship Between Adsorption Forms and
Adsorption strengths of Zinc Added to Soils and
Soil Hums
Natsuda. K.; Ikuta, M.
Soil Sci. PI. Hutr.. 15, 169-171; 1969
EDTA; ZINC; ADSORPTION; SOILS; HOflDS; CHELATING;
ION EXCHANGE
Zinc sorbed from ZnSOl occurred mainly in the
exchangeable form, except in a humic soil in
which chelated forn predominated. Zinc sorbed
from Zn-EDTA occurred mainly in chelated forms.
1*61
Adsorption Strength of Zinc for Soil Humus Part
3. Relationship Between Stability Constants of
Zinc Humic and Fulvic-Acid Complexes and the
Degree of nullification
Natsuda, K.; Ito, S.; Shizuoka Oniv., Ivata, Japan
Soil Sci Plant Nutr 16 (1). 1970 1-10.
ION EXCHANGE; EQOILIBRIOH HETHOD; ADSORPTION;
ZINC; SOILS; HOHIC ACID; FOLVIC ACIDS;
BONIFICATION; CHELATBS; AVAILABILITY; PLANTS;
TOHATOES; STABILITY CONSTANTS
465
Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides.
Proceedings of a Dnited States-Japan Seminar
Batsumora, F.; Bonsh, G.H.; nisato, T.
Proceedings of a Dnited States-Japan Seminar,
Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides, 637p.;
1972
POODS; WATER; AIR; SOILS; BBC; BIODEGRADABLE
PESTICIDES; RESIDOES; CHLORINATE! HIDEOCABBONS;
INSECTICIDES; FUNGICIDES; HERBICIDES;
ORGi NO PHOSPHATES; CARBANATES ; DEGRADATION;
RESIDOES; INDUSTRY; ORBAN; HERCDRT
This book is concerned with environmental
pollution caused by industrilization,
urbanization and modern agricultural practices.
The contributed papers discuss in detail the
pesticide contamination of food, water, air and
soil. It also examines the use of BRC in Japan
and DDT in America, and proposes alternative
methods of pest control, such as biodegradable
pesticides, biological controls and
nondetrimental chemicals. Several timely reviews
of mercury pollution are included, with emphasis
on the enviornmental hazards of organomercurial
pesticides. The content is divided into 8
sections. The first section covers
patterns of pesticide usage and occurrence of
residues, followed by sections on mercury
transformation in the environemnt and chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides in the environment.
Next, a section is included on fungicides,
herbicides, organophosphates and carbamates,
followed by a description of microbial influence
on pesticide degradation. Part 6 discusses
photodecomposition of pesticides, part 7 covers
toxic effect of pesticide residues on wildlife,
and the final section involves tfce design of new
psetlcides.
466
Formation and Decomposition of Hethylmercury
Compounds
Hatsuno, T.; Yokohama Natl. Oniv., Yokohama, Japan
Soda. To. Enso (STOEB8) , 21(7), 227-236; 1973
BETHYLBERCORY; DECOMPOSITION; HBRCORY;
HETHYLHERCORY COMPOUNDS
467
•Hazards to Livestock Caused by Inadequate Raste
Dumping
Hatthes, D.; Natthey, G.
Bonatsh Vet. (led., 27, 875-6; 1972, November
LIVESTOCK; HASTES; DOHPING; ANIBALS
468
Lead Concentrations in Rocks, Soil, and
Groundwater
Hatthess, G.
Arbeitsgruppe Blei, 21-27; 1972
LEAD; BOCKS; GBOOND HATER; .SOILS; AIR;
COHBOSTION; AOTOBOBILE EMISSIONS; EXBAOST GASES;
PESTICIDES; FERTILIZERS; SHORE; BETALLOBGICAL
PLANTS; COHBOSTION PROGRESS
The lead in rocks, soil, and groundwater stems
from several sources which can be combined into
two groups, natural lead concentrations and
anthropogenic concentrations. After listing the
natural lead concentration found in various rocks
and soils of Rest Germany, The Netherlands,
France, Great Britain, Spain, and the O.S.S.R.,
the anthropogenic lead concentrations are
discussed. Studies in Scotland revealed a
generally higher lead concentration in urban
areas compared to rural areas. They are the
consequence of air pollution by combustion
processes, automobile exhaust gases, pesticides,
and fertilizers. A local increase of the lead
concentration in the soil near Langesheim/Lover
Saxony to more than 100 mg/kg was caused by the
smoke from a metallurgical plant. Higher than
normal lead concentrations are found along busy
streets and highways. Analysis of the lead
concentration of the soil in various distance
from the Autobahn Giessen/Prankfurt revealed a
rapid decrease with increasing distance. This
section of the Autobahn had been used by about 40
million automobiles. It is estimated that 1.2 kg
lead have been emitted/m of the Autobahn. In the
separating strip between the two directions, 147
mg extractable lead/kg soil was measured; at a
depth of 20 to 40 cm 25 mg/kg; on the side 130
•g/kg; at 20 • distance, 26 mg/kg; at 50 •
distance, 23 mg/kg; and at 100 m distance 19
mg/kg.
68
-------
469-478
469
Oxidoredactive Degradation of Racemic Dopa by
Soil Binerals and Clays
Hayaudon, J.; Bl Balfawi, H.; Batistic, L.
J. Soil Sci.. 24(2). 1973, 182-192
5,6-DIHYDHOri INDOLE BO HELiHU BRNTONITEj
CHBOHATOGRAPHT; DBCARBOIYLATION; FERBIC OIIDB;
ELECTRO! ACCEPTORS; HINERALS; CLAI; DEGRADATION;
HiCEBIC DOPA
470
Bioelenent Transport in Rainwater and Soil
Solution in a Forest Ecosystem
Bayer, R.
Gottinger Bodenkandliche Berichte, 19, 1-119; 1971
TRANSPORT: RAIN8ATBR; SOILS; FORESTS; TBBRESTRIA1
BOOSTS TEH
Building a Shorter Life (Cadmium Pollution).
BcCaull, J.
Environment (ENVTAB) , 13(7), 38-41; 1971
BBVIER; CADHIUH; FOODS; SOILS; VEGETATION;
ABSORPTION
A review with 48 references and a discussion on
the sources of cadmium pollution; Cd
concentrations in food, soil, vegetation and
commercial products; biological absorption of Cd;
and physiological damage due to Cd.
472
Soil Bantle as a Rastevater Treatment System - A
Literature Review
BcGanhey, P.H.: Krone, R.B.; Binneberger, J.B.
Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, College
of Engineering and School of Public Health,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, SEBL
Report Ho. 66-7, p. 70-92; 1966
RASTER ATBB TREATHENT STSTEB; SOIL HANTLB; BEVIER;
RASTERATEB; SOILS
U73
Use of Tracer Technigue in Soil Erosion Besearch
HcHenry, J.B.; Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford,
Bississippi
Isotop. Badiat. Technol., 6, 280-287; 1969, Spring
EROSION; SOILS; TRACER TECHNIQOES; CHROBIOfl 51;
GOLD 198; IRON 59; SCANDIOH 46; BOVBHENT
Techniques used to study erosion by tagging soil
with radioactive tracers are reviewed. Several
nuclides have been used for this purpose, e.g.,
Fe 59, Sc 46, An 198, and Cr 51. Guidelines to
be followed in the selection of a tracer are
reviewed, and methods of incorporating the
isotope on the material to be traced are
described. Studies are discussed in which both
the movement of single grains of sand and the
bulk movement of the soil are followed. (Anth)
474
Soil Copper. II. Specific Adsorption of Copper
by Soils
HcLaren, R.G.; Crawford, D.V.; Sen. Agric., Oniv.
Nottingham, Sutton Bonington/Loughborongh/Leiceste
rshire, England
J. Soil Sci. (JSSCAH) , 24(4), 443-52; 1973
SOILS; ADSORPTION; COPPER; S ILS
475
Soil Copper. III. Isotopically Exchangeable
Copper in Soils
HcLaren, R.G.; Crawford, D.V.; Sch. Agric., Oniv.
Nottingham, Sutton Boni"gton/Loughborrough/Leicest
ershire, England
COPPEB; ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE; SOILS
476
Transformation of Individual
Coal-Tar-Chemical-Industry Organic Products in
Chernozem Soil
Hedvedev, T.A.; Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Oboshche-Bakhchevaya Opytn. Stants., Donetsk, OSSR
Pochvovedenie (PVDEAZ) 11, 22-8; 1972
SOILS; PHENOLIC HYDROCARBONS; AROBATIC ABINES;
COAL; TAR; INDOSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
477
Effect of Isomerism on the Bate of Phenol
Transformation in Chernozem Soil
Redvedev, V.A.; Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Ovoshche-Bakhchevaya Opytn. Stants., Vses. Akad.
S.-Kh. Nauk Is. Lenina, Donetsk, USSR
Pochvovedenie (PVDEAZ) 5, 122-7; 1973
PHENOL; CHERNOZEH; SOILS; HTDROZTL GROUP;
DEGRADATION; ISOBEBS
478
Bate of Degradation of Phenol and Quinones in a
Chernozem Soil According to Redox Beasurements
and Infrared Spectroscopy Data
Hedvedev, V. A. ; Davydov, V.D.; Donetsk.
Ovoshche-Bakchchevaya Opytn. Stants., Donetsk,
USSR
Pochvovedenie (VODEAZ) , 1, T33-7; 1974
SOILS; PHENOL; QOINONES; BBTABOLISH;
NiPBTBOQUINONE; BENZOQUINOJIE; DEGRADATION; BBDOX
HEASUBEHBNTS; INFBARED SPECTHOSCOPI
69
-------
479-488
479
Zinc Content of Soils and their Different
Fractions
Heelu, O.P.; Randhava, N.S.; Dep. Soils, Punjab
Agric. Univ., Lndhiana, India
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. (JINSA4) 1973, 21(2)
235-6; 1973
ZINC; SOILS; FRACTIOHATION
080
Direct Vaporization and Quantification of Arsenic
fron Soils and Rater
Helton, J.P.; Hoover, H.L.; Ayers, J.L.; Howard,
P. A.
Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37 («) . 1973 558-561.
ARSINE; DELIVERY APPARATUS; VAPORIZATION;
ABSENIC; SOILS; RATEB
mixture (11) sprays to an apple orchard increased
soil Co froB 7-8 ag/kg to 18 and 11 ag/kg,
respectively, in the 0-30 ca layer. Spraying with
bordeaux aixtnre (1<) in vineyards over a period
cf 5 years resulted in up to 50 ag/kg Cu residues
in the soil, the residues usually regaining in
the 0.20 ci layer and penetrating deeper at a
very slov rate. Cu residues in sandy loaas, fcoi
cuprosan (0.6%) sprays, occurred to a depth of 1
• within 3 months after the first treatment;
residues resulting fro* pesticides that contain 3
ag/k
-------
489-496
089
Organo Rercnrials as an Environmental Problem
Biettinen, J.K.
Part of Spencer, D.A. (Chairman). Nuclear
Techniques for studying Pesticide Residue
Problems. Symposium. Dnipnb, Inc.: New York,
NY, (p. 43-47), 8« p.; 1970
BACTERIA; SLUDGE; RATER; RDCLBAR TECHHIQOES;
AGRICULTURE; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; IHDUSTHI;
RERCURY
090
Hygienic Evaluation of the Rineral Composition of
Soils in Regions of Bulgaria Barked by the
Prevalence of Bndeiic Plearal Calcifications
Rikhailova-Docheva, L.
Gig Tr Prof Zabol, 16(5), 1972, 30-33
ASBESTOS INDUSTRIAL BBISSIONS; AIR; SOILS
U91
Trace Nutrient Level in Coals and Carbon
Dioxide-Humus Fertilizers and Their Effect on the
Distribution of Banganese, Copper, and Bolybdenni
in Soil and Plants
flikhailova, A.I.; Vlasov, R.A.; Irkutsk. Gos.
University, Irkutsk, USSR
Rikroelem. Biosfere Primen. Ikh. Sel. Khoz. Red.
Sib. Dal'NegoVostoka, Dokl. Sib. Knof.
3rd(27BDAA), 79-84,; 1971
COAL; BUBATE; RICHONUTRIENTS; PLANTS; SOILS;
SODIDH; AHRONIUB; TRACE ELEBENTS; CARBON DIOIIDE;
FERTILIZERS; DISTRIBUTION; BANGANESE; COPPER;
HOLTBDEH DR
492
Arsenic Residues in Agricultural Soils of
Southwestern Ontario
Biles, J.R.9.; Research Institute, Canada
Department of Agriculture, London, Ontario, Canada
Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 16,
620-622; 1968, July-August
ARSENIC RESIDUES; FARH SOILS; ORCHARDS;
BEASURERENT METHODS; ABSENIC; SOILS; TREES
Determination of arsenic residues in far* soils
in southwestern Ontario shoved the highest
residue levels in orchard soils. Residues in
four apple orchards were 10.2, 23.1, 39.0, and
197 ppm of arsenic between the trees, and 15.6,
14.9, 67.0, and 121 ppm under the trees. One
vegetable soil contained 26.6 ppm of arsenic.
The remainder of the 32 far* soils sampled
contained residues of less than 10 ppm of
arsenic, the normal range for untreated soils.
Strata studies conducted on one orchard soil
showed a fairly uniform vertical distribution of
arsenic residues in the top 6 inches of soil. An
improved standard-taper all-glass apparatus, for
•ore efficient absorption of arsine gas in the
arsine-molybdenum blue method for arsenic is
described.
493
Pollution by Organic Substances
Hilhand, G.; Pinanlt, L.; Ecole Nat. Vet., Lab.
de Phanacie et Tozicol., Alfort, France
Gaz. Bed. Fr., 79<«0). 7637-7644; 1972
PESTICIDES; DDT; LINDANE; HEPTACHLOR;
DEGRADATION; FISH; AQUATIC ORGANISHS; ENDOSOLFAN;
BEBCDBT; FOODS; SOILS; RATER; ORGANIC PESTICIDES;
BEVIES; PERSISTENCE; PLANTS; HDHANS; ARIHALS;
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; AIR; FISH; INSECTICIDES
General problems and hazards of soil and water
pollution and of the contamination of foods by
organic substances, including pesticides, are
surveyed. Organochlorine pesticides, such as DDT,
lindane, and heptachlor, are highly persistent in
the soil. The time necessary for 95* degradation
of heptachlor, lindane, and DDT in the soil was
3-5 yr, 3-10 yr, and
-------
497-503
197
Horemen of Heavy Betals In Hineral Soil. Growth
of Corn Plants at High Levels of Copper, Lead,
Cobalt, Nickel, and Cadiiui in Soil
Hinami, K.; Yasnda, T.; Araki, K.
Tokai Kinki Nogyo Shikenjo Kenkyo Hokoka
(TKNHAR) , 25, 18-56; 1973
CORN; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; MINERALS;
TRANSLOCATION; MOVEMENT; LEAD; COPPER; COBALT;
NICKEL; CADHIOH; PLANTS
498
Effect of Early Day Hilling Operations on Present
Day Rater Quality
Mink, L.L.; College of (lines. Oniversity of
Idaho, Hoscov
Part of Proceedings, National Ground later
Quality Symposium, Held in Denver, Colorado,
August 25-27, 1971 (p. 17-18); 1971
GROUND RATER; RATER QUALITY; NINE RASTES; ZINC;
LEAD; CADMIOH; CONCENTRATION; SOILS; NINE
TAILINGS; RATER; NINES
Data presented herein demonstrate that early day
•ining and tilling wastes are now affecting the
ground-water quality in several locations.
Ground-water pollution results from leaching of
old Bine tailings that are interfiled with the
upper part of the sand and gravel aquifer. High
zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations occur in
ground-water and soil samples taken from the
portion of the sand and gravel aquifer containing
old Bine tailings.
499
Adsorption of Arsenites by Soils and Compost
Hisra, S.G.; Ben Ianin, I.
Indian J. Appl. CheB.. 25(2-3), 99-100; 1962
CONPOST; ADSORPTION; ARSENITE; ARSENIC; SOILS
Ex periBents were done to determine the amount of
As retained when Na arsenite was added alone or
with NaCl or K2SOU. A neutral soil absorbed Bore
As than did an acid soil (pR 5.0) or a neutral
COBpOSt.
500
Zinc Phosphate Interaction in Bhat Soils
Bisra, S.G.; Pandey, R.S.
Technology (SIRDRI) , 9(2-3), 183-186; 1972
SOLFATES; EDTA; FERTILIZERS; SOILS; ZINC PHOSPHATE
501
Studies on Arsenite-Arsenate System. Adsorption
of Arsenate
Hisra, S.G.; Tiwaki, R.C.; Agricultural chemistry
Station, University of Allahabad, Allahabad,
(O.P.)
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 9, 10-13; 1963
ARSBNITE; ARSENATE; SOILS; COMPOST; ANION EFFECT;
CATION EFFECT; ARSENIC; ADSORPTION; IONS
In this investigation the retention of arsenate
ions either singly or in the presence of arsenite
by soils and compost has been studied. The
interference caused by anions or cations on the
retention of arsenate as well as the extraction
of the absorbed arsenate by different eztractants
has also been investigated.
502
Retention of Applied Cu»+ by Soils. Effect of
Carbonate, Organic Matter, Base Saturation, and
Onsaturation
Nisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.
PI. Soil, 24, 54-62; 1966
ALKALINE SOILS; SOILS: RED SOILS; BLACK SOILS;
PH; COPPER; HYDROGEN; CALCION; HYDROGEN IONS
The Cu-retaining power of the three soils
investigated showed the decreasing order: alkali
soil (pH 10.9), black soil (pH 7.8) and red soil
(pH 6.7) . The alkali soil retained the applied
Cn in CuC03, Co (OB)2 foras due to its high CaC03
content (1.6X) and high pH, while the red soil
retained the least Co because of its low pH and
negligible CaCO3 content. Rhen the soil samples
were treated with H2O2 or H-2O2+HC1 or ignited at
500 degrees C, the retention of Cu decreased as a
result of destruction of organic Batter and CO3
and dehydration of B203. Saturation of the soils
with H (by HC1) resulted in lower Cn retention,
while conversion of H-soils to Ca-soils resulted
in a higher Cu retention which never approached
the amount of Cu retained by the original soil
(doe to reBoval of CO3 and antagonistic effect of
B* ions) ; such samples contained Bore Cu in the
exchangeable fora, but addition of CaC03 resulted
in the precipitation of alaost all of the applied
Cn and in the non-existence of exchangeable Cu.
503
Retention and Release of Copper and Zinc by So»e
Indian Soils
Hisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.
Soil Sci., 101, 465-U71; 1966
COPPER; ZINC; BLACK SOILS; RED SOILS; ALKALINE
SOILS; CARBONATES; PH; SOILS
Varying sy»etrics of copper and zinc (amounts
equivalent to the NB 4 exchange capacity of the
soil expressed in Beg) were added to a black
soil, a red soil and an alkali soil and amounts
of copper and zinc retained were determined. As
increased symmetries of copper and zinc were
added, NHH exchange capacity of the soil tended
to increase. Other factors like CoCO3, soluble
carbonates, and pB of the soils also affected
copper and zinc retention. The amount of copper
and zinc extracted by neutral normal NH4 acetate
was always less than the Net-exchange capacities
of the soils. Even at the 4 symmetry level of
addition, copper and zinc did not occupy all the
exchangeable positions in the respective soils.
72
-------
504-509
son
Studies on Arsenite-Arsenate Systems.
of Irsenate
Adsorption
Hisra, S.6.; Tiwari, B.C.
Soil Sci. 8 Plant Nntr., 9, 216-219; 1962
ADSORPTION; ARSENATE; ARSENITE; SOILS; ARSENIC
505
Studies on the Chemistry of Copper and Zinc
Applied to Three Different Soils - A Comparative
Study
lisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.
Soil Sci. PI. Nutr., 12(3), 6-10; 1966
BLACK SOILS; ALKALINE SOILSS; SOILS; COPPER;
ZI1IC; RED SOILS
Black soil retained more Co and Zn than red and
alkali soils did. Presence of soluble carbonates
in alkali soil resulted in precipitation of the
soluble Cu»+ or Zn+ + added, it 1-synetry level
(aioant of Cu or Zn applied equivalent to the
cation-exchange capacity of the soil) Cu
retention by the soils was always greater than Zn
retention. Beioval of organic latter froi red
and black soils decreased Zn retention to a
greater extent than Cu retention. Removal of
carbonates froi red and black soils decreased Cu
retention lore than Zn retention; removal of
carbonates froi alkali soil had the reverse
effect. Amounts of the O.ln HCl-soluble- and
neutral n-NHU-acet»te-soluble fractions vere
greater for Cu than for Zn, hence the "fixed"
fori of Zn was always greater than that of Co.
when increased syiietrics of Cn and Zn were
applied, cation-exchange capacities of the soils
were only slightly affected and the contribution
of the exchange process to Cn and Zn retention by
the soils was only partial.
506
Arsenite-Arsenate Adsorption in Soils
Bisra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.
Indian J. Appl. Chei.. 26, 117-121; 1963
ABSENATE; IONS; BED SOILS; COHPOST; SBSQOIOXIDES;
PH; ABSEHITE; ADSORPTION; CALCIOB; SOILS
Bore arsenate ions are adsorbed by a latoritic
soil than by a red soil or coipost, due to the
aioant of Fe2O(3) or sesquioxides, Ca or some
other ion and reducing pB in the soil. Arsenite
adsorption is affected by the presence of
AsOU (3-) ions; it decreases in soil but increases
in coipost. Arsenite ions are converted into
arsenate ions by Pe2O{3) or alkalinity.
507
Effect of Fertilizers and pB on Retention of
Copper by Soils
Bisra, S.6. ; Tiwari, B.C.
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 12, 289-295; 1961
BLACK SOILS; RED SOILS; SANDY LOAB; PB ;
FERTILIZERS; SOILS; COPPEB; NITROGEN; POTASSIDH
Retention of Cn applied as CnSOU to a black soil,
a red soil, and a sandy loai was studied. The
black soil retained lost copper owing to its high
contents of organic latter and CO(3) and to its
high pB. In presence of R and K fertilizers, Cu
retention by soils decreased appreciably: this
decrease was presumably due to antagonistic
effects of HB4+ and K» and to the lowering of the
equilibrium pB. The mount of "fixed" Cn (not
extracted by 0.1 in H2SO4) increased and
exchangeable Cn (extracted by n BaCl) decreased
as the dose of II and K fertilizers increased.
508
Studies on the Adsorption and Release of Copper
by Soils. 1. Effect of Cations.
Risra, S.G.; Tiwari, B.C.
Soil Sci. S Plant Butr., 8, 93-96; 1962
COPPEB; SOILS; CATIONS; ADSORPTION; RELEASE
509
Trace Eleients in Soils
Ritchell, R.L.
Part of Technical Bulletin 21, Hinistry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Proceedigs of
Soil Scientists of the National Agricultural
Advisory Service Conference, February 8-9, 1966,
(p. 8-20) , 217 p.; 1971
TRACE ELEBEHTS; TITAHIDH; RANGANESE; BABIOH;
ZIRCONIOH; STRONTIDH; CHBOBIOB; VARADIOH; ZINC;
NICKEL; LEAD; GALLIOH; COPPEB; BOBON; COBALT;
TIN; BERTLLIDH; ROLTBDENDR; SELENIOH; MOBILITY;
DRAINAGE; ORGANIC HATTER; ADSORPTION; IONS;
COBPLEIES; PB; LIHING; PLANTS; UPTAKE
The total content of any trace eleient in a soil
can give no lore than a general indication of the
probable status froi the point of view of plant
uptake. The available or soluble part lay be
only a few percent of the total. Saipling and
analytical errors and variations over fields and
with depth lake it difficult to get reliable
values; poor drainage and/or soil types, pH
(effect of lining) can have significant effects
on trace eleient availability. Thus, the uptake
of Many important trace elements (cobalt,
•anganese, zinc, boron and nickel) is reduced by
lining, but that of molybdenum is increased
(sometimes to dangerous levels in copper-poor
soils). Hany factors affect the effectiveness and
duration of response when trace elements are
added. The nature of the soil can deter line the
best nethod of dealing with trace eleient
deficiencies. Some method of measuring the
availability of trace elements is required. The
amount extracted by water, chela ting agents,
aiioniui acetate or acetic acid have been used in
various cases. The interpretation also depends
on soil type, plant species, moisture conditions,
temperature, etc., of the growing season. Rith
these reservations, some information on the
average contents of trace elements is given and
deficiency levels for certain types of soils
given for cobalt, copper, manganese, boron and
excessive levels for nickel, zinc and molybdenum.
73
-------
510-516
510
Trace Elements in Soils
Hitchell, R.L.
Part of Bear, F.E. (Ed.). Chemistry of the Soil
(2nd Ed.), Amer. Chei. Soc. Honoqraph; 1961
TRACE ELEBENTS; SOILS
511
Behavior of Cadmium in Soil, and Change of
Cadmium Content in Rice in Relation to the
Oxidation Redaction Potential of Soil
Bizuno, N.
Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaka Zasshi, 13(5), 179-181; 1972
CADBIOB; RICE; OIIDATION REDUCTION; SOILS;
HOBILITT
soils by the salts of iron than by salts of
aluminum and copper. The presence of colloids of
iron in the solution decreased the absorption of
cerium by soils in the range of pH values
studied. The percent sorption of Ce 111 by soils
decreased more sharply as a result of the
presence of iron colloids than the concentration
of iron in the solution. Aqueous extracts from
the leaves of ligneous plants increased the
•obility of ceriu» in the soil-solution system
for all of the types of soils studied.
51(t
Mercury in Soil and Plant Systems: A Review of
Literature.
Horaghan, J.T.; N. Dak. St. Dniv., Fargo, N.D.
Farm 8es., 28(
-------
517-522
517
Complexing of Setals by Soil Organic Batter
Hortensen, J.L.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. , 27, 179-186; 1963
IOH EXCHANGE; ADSORPTION; CHELATIOR; CONPLEXES
COAGULATION; PEPTIZATIOH REACTIONS;
POLIBERLIGANDS; SOUS; HIDROIT GBODPS; CABBOIYL
GEOOPS; ABIDE GROUPS
Soil organic latter forms complexes Kith totals
by ion exchange, surface adsorption, chelation
and complex coagulation and peptization
reactions. Little is knovn about the nature of
ligands in polymeric components of soil organic
•attec that chelate metals, bat carboxyl, hydroxy
and amide groups are probably concerned. A
number of compounds of low •olecalar weight,
capable of chelating letals have been isolated
from soils.
518
Sorption of Anions by Soils
Hott, C.J.B.; OniT. Beading, England
Part of Sorption and Transport Processes in
Soils, Bonogr. Soc. Chem. Ind., Bo. 37, (HO-53) ;
1970
ORGANIC HATTEB; BEVIE»; SORPTION; TBAHSPORT;
ANIONS
Some experimental results for specifically
adsorbed mono- and di-¥alent ions are reviewed
and related to soil conditions ignoring the role
of organic latter.
521
The Biological Cycle of Iron and flanaganese in
Soil and Aguatic Hedia.
Raider, E.G.; Hicrobiological Laboratory,
Rageningen, Netherlands
Bevae d'Bcologie et de Biologie du Sol., 9(3),
321-3148; 1972
IBOH; BUG AH BSE; SOILS; AQOATIC ECOSTSTEBS;
BICROOHGASISHS; BEVIES; OXIDATIOH; REDUCTION;
PRECIPITATION; TBABSPOBBATIOH
The role of licro-organises in the
transformations (oxidation, reduction,
precipitation) of Pe and fln in soil and aquatic
environments is discussed, with 46 references.
522
Response of Alfalfa-D to Boron in Fly Ash
Hulford, P.B.; Bartens, D.C.
Soil Sci Soc Aier Proc 35 (2). 1971 296-300.
Zinc; SOILS; PH; PLI ASH; BOBOH
519
Geocheiical Reconnaissance of Surficial Baterials
in the Vicinity of Shawangunk Mountain, New Tork
Hoxham, R.L.
M.I. state Bus. Sci. Serv. Bap Chart Ser., 21,
1-20; 1972
HDBAHS; BATES SDPPLT; STBEABS; BATEH; SEDIBEHTS;
SOILS; LEAD; COPPEB; ZINC
520
Agricultural Chemicals as Pollutants
Brak, E.B.
Part of white, Philip L. and Nancy Selvey (Ed.).
Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress 3.
Symposiam. Niami Beach Florida, Aug. 30-Sept. 2,
1971. Pntura Publishing Co., Inc: Boant Kisco,
NI, (p. 28U-288), 389 p.; 1972
HOBAHS; PESTICIDES; AIB; SATER; SOILS; PLANTS;
POODS; AGRICULTURE
75
-------
523-525
523
Cadmium Compartmentation and Cycling in a
Grassland Ecosystem in the Deer Lodge Valley,
Montana
Hunshover, F.F.
Ph.D. Thesis Botany Department, Oniversity of
Montana, Missoula Montana, 106 p.; 1972
CADMIUM; HEAVY METALS; SOILS; GBASSBOPPBRS;
GRASSES; PLANTS; BROAD LEAFED PLANTS; LEAVES;
FOLItR ABSORPTION; OPTAKE; FOBBS; SBHOBS;
TPANSLOCATION; ilR; DOSTS; ANIMALS; CATTLE; PIGS;
SQOIRRELS; KIDMETS; DDT; FOOD CHAINS;
CONCENTRATION FACTOR; ACCUMULATION;
CONCENTRATION; GRAINS; LIVER; HOHANS; HEATS;
VEGETABLES; PH; SOLFOH DIOXIDE; PARTICDLATES;
MOBILITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPBOTOHETRY; CYCLING; ZINC; AVAILABILITY;
TBANSLOCATION; CHLOROSIS; ENZYMES; CORN;
SMELTERS; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS; ALFALFA;
BARLEY; TREES; WILLOW; WHEAT; FOI; BADGER;
WEASEL; COMPLEXES
The distribution of cadmium in surface horizons
and its relationship to soil pH suggests that
cadmium, like other heavy metals, will form
insoluble complexes in neutral or alkaline soils.
High carbonate soils are common in much of the
Deer Lodge Valley and this lay explain the
retention of cadmium in the surface horizon
without apparent harm to plant community
development in lightly polluted areas. Within
the five ppm isopol Ion soil pH values and high
heavy metal concentrations combined to restrict
community development. The ultimate cause of
restricted community development has not been
explained, but gemination studies in soils two
miles from the smelter revealed reduced seed
germination rates and very restricted root
development in plants surviving the seedling
stage. The animal community reflected the
depauparate plant communities within this isopol.
Few immature or adult grasshoppers vere
available for analyses whereas all stages of
development of these insects vere abundant at
sites more distant from the smelter. Small
mammals and Columbian ground squirrels vere also
notably absent from these areas. Plants in the
Deer Lodge Valley exhibited cadmium
concentrations above those of the same plants
growing on unpolluted sites. Cadmium did not
appear in grasses at levels exceeding those found
in the soil of the site, but broad leafed annuals
consistently demonstrated cadmium concentrations
above the cadmium levels of the soil in vhich the
plant vas groving. Whether this vas a phenomenon
associated vith the shape of the leaves and
foliar absorption or vas due to active root
uptake remains unansvered. Shrubs collected near
the smelter had cadmium concentrations greater
than those of the soils in vhich they vere
groving. The plumose leaved shrubs (Tetradvmia
and Chrysothamnns) vere probably reflecting the
degree of foliar contamination and subseguent
absorption and translocation of cadmium from
airborne dust rather than cadmium absorption by
their roots. Host samples of Salix and Populus
exhibited cadmium levels veil in excess of those
found in soils near the collecting site.
However, these specimens vere collected near a
potential source of aerial contamination and soil
cadmium accumulation is guestionable. Unlike
plants, the herbivore trophic level shoved
cadmini accumulation in all of the animals
investigated. The grasshopper samples exhibited
extremely high cadmium accumulations and
contamination by airborne dust particles vas
indicated by their geographical location. Near
the smelter this probably reflected respiratory
intake of cadmium in airborne dust particles.
The absence of adult grasshoppers during late
summer near the smelter may be indicative of an
accumulation to toxic levels of this element or
of other heavy metals. Cadmium concentrations in
the kidneys of vertebrates increased vith the age
of the animal. Maximum concentrations in cattle,
swine and ground sguirrel kidneys vere evidence
of the accumulation of cadmium in this organ to
levels two or more times the cadmium levels found
in the food supply of the animal. Food chain
transfer of toxic materials such as DDT is
usually characterized by a ten to one
concentration of the substance as it passes from
one trophic level to the next. The present study
has shown that cadmium accumulation occurred in
several plants, in grasshoppers, and in the
kidneys of vertebrates, but not at the ratio
assumed to occur in typical food chain transfer
of tctic materials. Cadmium concentration ratios
vere typically less than three to one rather than
the classical ten to one ratio. No sample of
grain exceeded the cadmium tolerance limits
applied to rice in Japan (1 ppm) but all kidney
samples from cattle and svine and several of the
liver samples demonstrated cadmium levels egual
to or in excess of this tolerance limit. Long
lived species such as man can be expected to
accumulate even larger ,quantities of cadmium due
to the slov turnover of this metal once bound in
the soft tissues of the body. Neat, vegetables
and grains produced in the study area should be
monitored for heavy metal content to prevent high
cadmium accumulations in man. The removal of
cadmium from soils of the Deer Lodge Valley is
extremely slov. The results of the simulation
program indicated that, even if current practices
that aggravate the cadmium problem vere
alleviated, many centuries vonld be required
before soil cadmium levels in grasslands vould be
reduced to the soil cadmium range suggested by
Vinogradov (1959). If the present patterns of
smelter operation continue, sulfur from stack
emissions will accumulate in soils causing a
decrease in soil pB. Furthermore, fine
particulates from the main stack at the smelter
and the numerous smaller stacks will augment the
heavy metal content of valley soils. Increasing
soil acidity and heavy metal concentrations vill
create larger areas in vhich soil heavy metal
content is toxic to most plants. This problem is
further co
521
Ecological Compartmentation of Airborne Cadmium
in a Grassland Ecosystem
Mnnshover, F.F.; Behan, H.J.
Am. J. Bot., 58, 476; 1971
AIR; CADHIOH; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM; GRASSHOPPERS; SOILS
525
Arsenic Residues in Potato Soils and Tubers
Murphy, B.J.; Goven, H.J.
Maine Farm Res., 13(3), 4-8; 1966
ARSENIC; RESIDUES; POTATOES; SOILS; TDBERS
76
-------
526-533
526
Biological Treatment of Cyanide laste
Bucphr, B.S.j Ilesbitt, J.B.
Research Bulletin, B-88, Penn. State University,
Dept. of Engineering, University Park, PA, 66 p.;
196U
CYANIDE: WASTES; CT1HIDE ilSTE; BIOLOGICAL
TREATSBUT
529
Chrome-Lignin-Type Soil Stabilizers
Rakajima, K. ; Sanyo Kokusaku Palp Co., Tokyo,
Japan
Kobunshi Kako (KOKABN) , 21(11), 703-709, 802; 1971
REVIBI; CHROBIOH; LIGNIN; SOILS ; STABILIZATION
527
Plant Nutrient Availability in Soils. IV.
Studies on the Role of Copper in Danish Soils.
3. The Exchange Properties with Particular
Reference to Fixation and Release Processes
Hafady, H.H.; Lamm, C.G.; Technical University of
Denmark, chemistry Department, Ljngby, Denmark
Part of Symposium on the Dse of Isotopes and
Radiation in Research on Soil-Plant
Relationships, including applications in
forestry. International Atomic Energy Agency,
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Rations, Vienna, December 13-17, 1971; 1971
COPPER; CALCIOH; SOILS; ADSORPTION; FIXATION;
AVAILABILITY; RELEASE
The examined soils obey the Ratio Lav for the ion
pair Cu-(Ca (I) Bg) . The copper equilibrium
activity ratio has the same value regardless of
Ca concentrations op to 9.05 moles per liter and
soil solution ratios (1:10 - 1:40). Thus the
value of the copper equilibrium activity ratio of
a given soil can be taken as a measure of its
availability or intensity. The copper Q/I
relations exhibit tvo parts: (a) a curved lover
part and (b) a linear upper part. The slope of
the upper part can be used as a tool for the
capacity factor, i.e. Copper Potential Buffering
Capacity (PBC(Cu)). The value of the lover part
can be used as a crude measure of the number of
sites holding Cu tightly, e.g., exchange sites
and completing sites. Bost of copper added to
the soil vas fixed by air-drying. Extraction by
0.1 R RC1 for several times did not recover more
than 72 percent of the added Cu. The steady rate
of release of the fixed copper is very lov,
indeed, compared to soil potassium.
528
A Statistical Evaluation of the
Inter-Relationships Between Particle Size
Fractions, Free Iron Oxide and Trace Elements.
Hair, K.P.P.; Cottenie, A.; State University of
Ghent, Belgium
J. Soil Sci., 22, 203-209; 1971
ALOBINOB; ZINC; COPPER; BANGARESE; LEAD; IROR;
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TRACE ELSBBNTS; BBTALS;
IRON OXIDES
Regression analysis indicated that total Fe vas
associated mainly vith the 0-2 micrometer
fraction, total Al and Cn vere associated mainly
vith the 2-10 micrometer fraction and total Zn,
Bn and Pb vith the 10-20 micrometer fraction.
Corresponding associations betveen extractable
contents and particle size fractions vere: Al,
0-2 micrometer; Zn, 2-10 micrometer; Ca, On, Pb
and Fe, 10-20 micrometer.
530
Fixation of Beavy Betal Ions in Soil by
2,«,6-Trimercapto-S-Triazine salts
Rakamura, T.; Dmehara, A.; Yamada, I.
Ger. Offen.(GillBI) 2200733 (a 01N), 20 Ang 1971,
17 p. (patent) .; 1973
BERCAPTOTRIAZIRE; FIXATION; BBTALS; SOILS;
TRIAZINB; MERCURY; CADHIDB; LEAD; COPPER
531
Betabolism of Beta Bethyl aalic-Acid by a Soil
Bacterium
Nakano, H. ; Sasaki, K. ; Kurokava, Y. ; Katsuki, H.
J Biochem (Tokyo) 70 (3) . 1971 H29-UUO.
ALPBA KBTO BUTYRIC-ACID; ERZYBBS; CHROBATOGBAPHY;
GEL; BLECTROPRORBSIS; SOILS; BETABOLISH; BETA
BETHYL BALIC-ACID; BALIC ACID; BUTYRIC ACID
532
Agoeous Bigration of Chemical Elements in
Regional Plain-Type Landscapes
Nalivkin, Y.V.; Kazan. Gos. Oniv., Kazan, USSR
Sb. Aspir. Rab., Kazan, Gos- Univ., Khim.,
Geogr., Geol. (25QSAV) , 83-7.; 1970
TRACI ELEHENTS; BIGHATION; iATEB; SOILS;
LEACHING; ROCKS; REGIONAL PLAINS; LANDSCAPE;
PLAINS; TRANSPORT
533
Improvement of Soil Polluted vith Heavy Hetals
Nanba, ».; Nanba, T.; Kiresuto Giken Co., Ltd.
Japan. Kokai, (JKXIAF) , 73 59087 (13(9)85), 3 p.
(patent) ; 1971
BETALS; SOILS; CHELATES; HEAVY HETALS
77
-------
534-540
531
Effects of some Environmental Factors on the
Beaction qf the Soil Hicroflora to Pesticides
Naumann, K.; Inst. Phytopathol. Aschersleben,
Dtsch. Akad. Landwirtschaftsviss., Berlin, East
Germany
Zentralbl. Bakteriol., Parasitenk., Infektionskr.
Hyg., Abt. 2(ZBPIA9) 1972, 127(1) 379-96; 1972
PESTICIDES; SOILS; ACTINOMYCETE; VAPAM; DAZOHET;
ALLYL ALUHINOH CASBIDE; FORMALIN; IATEB;
KATES-BINDING; DECOMPOSITION; DEBYDROGBNATION;
INHIBITION; GBEENHOOSE; BINDING
Vapam (0.15*), dazomet (420 ppm) , allyl A1C <200
ppm), and foraalin (0.2%), added to soil in
greenhouse boxes, inhibited growth of bacteria
and actinomycetes for a longer period at 12-15
degrees than at 20 degrees. Inhibition of
bacteria by these preperations was greater at low
or high soil moisture (HO or 80% water-binding
capacity) than at intermediate soil moisture
(60%), whereas actinonycetes were inhibited most
strongly at intermediate and high soil moisture.
Dehydrogenase activity was generally increased
and cellulose decomposition decreased mora in
moist than in dry soil. Covering the treated soil
with gas-in permeable plastic film prolonged the
inhibitory action of the pesticides.
535
Effect of Soil clay Type on the Availability of
Zinc in Some Mediterranean Bendzina Soils
Navrot, J.; Gal, H.
J. Soil Sci., 22(1), 1-«; 1971
ZEA-MAYS-H; PLANTS; ATTAPDLGITE; HONTMOBILLONITE;
PREDOMINANT MINERAL; ZINC; AVAILABILITY; SOILS;
RENDZINA SOILS; CLAY; COHN
536
Biodegradation of Phenylmercuric Acetate by
Hercory-Besistant Bacteria
Nelson, J.D.; Blair, W.; Brinckman, P.B.;
Colwell, B.R.; Iverson, H.P.; Dep. Microbiol.,
Univ. Maryland, College Park, ad.
Appl. Bicrobiol. (APHBAY) 1973, 26(3) 321-6; 1973
PHENYLHERCOKY; BACTERIA; HEBCORY; DEGRADATION;
PHENYLHEBCORIC ACETATE
537
The Chemistry of Zinc Added to Soils and Clays
Nelson, J.L.; Nelsted, S.B.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 19, fl39-«»3; 1955
ZINC; CHEMISTRY; SOILS; CLAY
538
Soil Organic Natter and Trace Hetal Interactions
Nelson, H.E.
Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Trace Substances in
Environmental Bealth-IV University of Missouri,
Columbia, MO, June 23-25, 1971, (p. 132-1*3), 156
p.; 1971, June
OBGANIC MATTEfi; SOILS; TRACE ELEMENTS; TBANSPOBT
539
Fate of Trace-Metals (Impurities) in Subsoils as
Belated to the Quality of Ground Hater.; Final
Bept.
Nelson, H.E.; Tuskegee Inst., Ala. Carver
Research Foundation.
Pro-). OHRR-B-028-ALA; Contract
DI-11-01-0001-3053; Monitoring Agency Report No.
i73-07802, OHRR-B-028-ALA (3) : PB 219102/7; 181p.;
1972, September
HATER; GROUND HATER; TBACE ELEMENTS; SOIL
CHEMISTRY; AGRICULTDBAL iASTES; PRECIPITATION;
ADSOBPTION; HONOFF; METALS; CHELATION; LIGANDS;
FEBTILIZERS; CONCENTRATION; ION EXCHANGE;
PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; SOILS; SUBSOILS
The report presents findings of a two-year study
of the ground water pollution hazard from
trace-metals which are applied in agricultural
chemicals. The study establishes whether
movement through the soil constitutes a
significant source of trace-metals found in
surface and ground water, identifies the
properties of soils that control the extent of
(guantity of) metals moving in and through the
soil, establishes the relation of this movement
to the concentration of the various metals in the
water originating on agricultural lands, and
examines the possible use of cationic polymers or
other organic compounds in controlling the extent
of trace-metals in water.
510
The Effect of Flooding and Aeration on the
Mobility of Certain Trace Elements in Soils
Ng, S.K.i Bloomfield, C.
Plant 8 Soil, 16, 108-135; 1962
FLOODING; AERATION; TBACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; IBON;
COBALT; NICKEL; ZINC; LEAD; VANADIUM; HOLYBDENOM;
CHBOMION
Iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, vanadium,
molybdenum, and chromium were mobilized when
soils were flooded and incubated anaerobically
with plant material.
78
-------
541-546
541
Rates and Routes of Transport of PCB's in tbe
Environment
Hisbet, I.C.T.; Sarofim, A.F.
Environ. Health Perspect, 1, 21-38; 1972
PERSISTENCE; POLTCBIORIHATED BIPBENYLS; AROCRLOB;
LANDFILLS; BITERS; LAKES; SEDIBENTS;
VOLATILIZATION; AERIAL TRANSPORT; PALIOOT;
LEACHING; DOHPS; SEA; OCEAN; PBACTIONATION;
PBffTOLTTIC DECHPOSITI0»; BETABOLISB; EXCRETION;
DDT; RESIDUES; BALF-LIFE; PCB; SOILS
Because of their vide dispersal and persistence
in the environment and tendency to accumulate in
food chains vith possible adverse effects,
polychlorinated biphenrls (PCB's) give rise to
general concern. The sole manufacturer of PCB's
in North America is the tlonsanto Company (trade
name Arochlor). Current uses of PCB's are
enumerated. The company has restricted sales of
Arochlors based on possible contamination of
food products. Routes into the environment (in
north America) may occur through landfill dumps,
through rivers and Great Lakes' sediments, or
through attachment to sediments on the
continental shelf. Transfer of PCB's may occur
through: volatilization, aerial transport on
particnlates, and fallout; leaching from dumps;
sediment transport in rivers and sea sediments;
and sedimentation in the ocean. Processes by
which the compounds of PCB mixtures may change
after release into the environment are:
fractionation (according to solubility and vapor
pressure of isomers); photolytic decomposition;
and metabolism and excretion. In analogy vith
DDT residues, PCB's in soil have a half-life of
about 5 years. (83 references)
5«2
Effect of Chelating Agents on the Movement of
Fission Products in Soil
Mishita, H.; Essington, E.B.; University of
California, Los Angeles, California
Soil Science, 103, 168-176; 1967
CHELATION; ZINC 65; STRONTIOH 85; STBONTIOH 90;
TTTRIUB 91; FDTHENIOB 106; CESIOB 137; CERIOS
1BS; PROHETBIOB 1«7; HOVEBENT; SOILS; FISSION
PRODDCTS
Chelating agents, ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic
acid (EDTA), carboxynethyliminobisethylenitrilotet
raacetic acid (DTP*), and
ethylenediimincbisohydroxyphenylacetic acid
(EDDBA) , and deionized water were evaluated as to
their ability to move several radioactive fission
products (Sr 89, I 91. Ru 106, Cs 137, and Ce
1U4) in different kinds of soils. Different soils
exhibited considerable difference in the
effectiveness of the various leaching agents.
Irrespective of the kind of soil, the order of
magnitude of movement by water leaching generally
was Cs 137, I 91, Cd 1UU. Sr 89, Ru 106. Except
in one soil (Hanford sandy loam) , practically no
movement of Cs 137, T 91, or Ce 111 occurred by
B20 leaching. Among the Chelating agents, the
effectiveness of EDDBA was generally the least,
while the relative effectiveness of DTPA and EDTA
varied vith the soil and radionuclide. The
possible causes for the variations in the
effectiveness of different leaching agents in
different soils were discussed.
5U3
Stability of PCB in Soil (Polychlorinated
Biphenyls)
Nissen, T.?.; statens Planteavls-Lab., Denmark
Tidsskr. Planteavl, 77 (It) , 533-9; 1973
AROCBL08; SOILS; BICROFLORA; POLTC HLORIHAT ED
EIPBENTLS; PCB; DEGRADATION
Arochlor (polychlorinated biphenyls) was not
degraded after 9 weeks in moist soil at 25
degrees. Carbon dioxide production in the soil
was not affected by 1* Aroclor 1251. Soil
microflora were apparently unable to degrade
polychlorinated biphenlys under favorable
conditions.
SUU
Equilibria of Betal Chelates in Soil Solution.
Norvell, W.A.
Part of flicronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sci.
Soc. Amer., Inc., 677 South Segoe Road, Badison,
iisconsin 53711, p. 115-136; 1972
EQOILIBRIDB; CBELATES; SOILS; TRACE ELEBENTS;
BICRONOTHIENTS
5«5
Reactions of Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic-Acid
Chelates of Iron Zinc, Copper and Banganese with
Soils
Norvell, K.A.; Lindsay, ».L.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(5), 778-783; 1972
PB; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOBBTRT;
BICROHOTHIENTS; FEBTILIZERS; IRON; ZINC; COPPER;
BANGANESE; SOILS; CBELATES
The Pe, Zn, Cn and Bn Chelates and the Na salt of
DTPA were reacted with suspensions of acid and
alkaline soils (suspension pH 5.8-7.9) for up to
30 days. FeDTPA was effective in maintaining
soluble Fe and pB 5.8-7.3 and even at pH 7.9 more
than 30* of the added Fe remained soluble after
30 days in a calcareous soil. DTPA was not
effective as a chelate for Zn and Cu in soils at
pB 5.8 and 6.2 but became more effective with
increasing pfl. RnDTPA was unstable in all soils
and essentially all the Bn was lost from solution
in 3 days. In most soils, the Na salt of DTPA
reacted immediately to form Chelates with
whatever divalent and trivalent cations were
soluble or readily exchangeable.
5U6
Retention of EDTA Complexes of Fe, Zn, Hn, and Cu
Bith Soils
Norvell, W.A.; Lindsay, H.L.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 86-91; 1969
RETENTION; EDTA; IRON; ZINC; MANGANESE; COPPER;
SOILS; CBBLATES
79
-------
547-553
5U7
Decachlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and
its Application to Soil and Bice Analyses
Nose, K. ; Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Hogei Kagaku Kaishi(NNKKAA) 1972, 46(12)
679-81; 1972
SOILS; RICE; PCB; POLYCHLOBINATED BIPHBNYLS;
DECHLORINATIOH
551
Hicrobiology of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum
Hydrocarbons. I. Extent of Contamination and
Some Soil and Bicrobial Properties After
Contamination
Odu, C.T.
J. Inst. Petrol., London (JIPEA6), 58(562(,
201-208; 1972
HYDROCARBONS; OILS; SOILS; PLANTS;
HICROORGANISHS; HICROBIOLOGY; PETBOLEOH
548
Diffusion of Iron and Iron Chelates in Soil
O'Connor, G.A.; Lindsay, R.L.; Olsen, S.B.; Colo.
St. Univ., Fort Collins
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 35, 407-410; 1971
UPTAKE; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; IRON; IBON
CBELATES; SOILS; DIFFUSION; IRON EDTA; IBON DTPA;
IBON EDDRA; LOAB; SAND
Self-diffusion coefficients of Fe, FeEDTA, FeDTPA
and FeEDDHA in aqueous solutions and of Fe and
FeEDDHA in sandy loam and loam soil were
determined using 59Fe. The uptake of 59Fe by
sorghui seedlings from loaiy sand containing 10
«Ci 59Fe/mg soil, 59Fe * 0.16, 0.4 or 0.8 ppm Ca
as CaEDDHA and 0.16, 0.4 or 0.8 ppm Fe as FeEDDHA
increased linearly with Fe concentration in
solution. Diffusion coefficients were 6.2 z
1E-6, 5.« x 1E-6, 14.2 x 1E-6, and 3.9 X 1E-6
cm2sec-1 for Fe, FeEDDBA, FeDTPA and FeEDTA,
respectiTely. Corrected diffusion coefficients
in soil were 1.5 r 1E-7 and 1.85 x 1E-7 cm2sec^1
for Fe and FeEDDBA, respectively.
552
Effect of Continuous Application of Herbicides on
the Chemical Nature of Upland Soils
Oh, R.K.; Banic. Coll. Agric., S. Korea
Ban'Guk Toyang Biryo Bakhoe Chi(HTBHAY) 1973,
6(1) 9-16; 1973
HERBICIDES; SOILS; LOROX; PH; HOBOS; CALCIOH;
BAGNESIOS; SODIOB; POTASSIOB; 2,4-D; LASSO;
PHENYL ETREB; PHENOXIDE; SODIOB
PENTACRLOBOPHBNOXIDE; CABBON; SEED
Soil applications of the herbicide lorox (0.15
kg/10 are), decreased the ph, organic content,
calcium, magnesium, and sodium of the soil and
increased potassium application of 4 other
herbicides, that is, 2,U-D, lasso,
2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether, and
sodium pentachlorophenoxide, increased the
organic carbon content in the soil. The
continuous application of herbicides may alter
the need species in the field
549
Balance of Producers and Decomposers in a
Grassland Ecosystem in Obihiro. 7. BoTement of
Sodium, Iron, Banganese, Zinc, Copper, Cobalt,
and Nickel
O'Hara, H.; Toshida, N.; Chang, N. It.
Nippon Sochi Gakkai-Shi (NPSGAI), 18(2), 75-84;
1972
TBACE BLEBERTS; GBASSLAND BCOSTSTBH; SOILS;
HOTEBENT; SODIUH; IBON; HAHGANESE; ZINC; COPPEB;
COBALT; NICKEL; TEBBBSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
550
Predicted Distribution of Organic Chemicals in
Solution and Adsorbed as a Function of Position
and Time for Various Chemical and Soil Properties
Oddson, J.K.; Letey, J.; Reeks, L.V.; Oniv.
California, Riverside, CA
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 3«, 412-417; 1970
PESTICIDES; SDBPACTANTS; HODEL; BOVBHENT;
DIFFUSION; ORGANIC CHEHICALS; DISTRIBUTION;
ADSORPTION; BASS TRANSFER
Equations describing the mass transfer of organic
chemicals (such as pesticides and surfactants)
through soil are presented, suing a model with
the assumed relationship Delta t = Alpha (Kc-S|
where S= adsorbed concentration and c and t =
solution concentration and time, respectively (K
and Alpha being constants); movement by diffusion
was assumed to be negligible.
553
Application of Isotope Techniques for Studies on
Bechanisms of Land Contamination and Rater
Pollution
Ohmomo, I.; Suzuki, H.; Saiki, B.
Part of Proc. Jap. Conf. Radioisotop. No. 10
(499-503); 1972, April
TBACER TECHNIQUES; RATER; ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;
BROHINB; DYSPROSIOH; BOROPIOB; FLOR RATE; INLAND
RATEB8AYS; TRACES; CEBIOH 144; CESIOB 137;
CONTABINATION; DRINKING HATER; FALLOOT DEPOSITS;
RADIOACTIVE RASTB DISPOSAL; ROTHENIUB 106;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; STRONTIOB 90; CORS; FISH;
IODINE 131; BILK; PLANTS; RADIOROCLIDE MIGRATION;
UPTAKE; LABELLED COBPOORDS; HEBCURY; BEBCUBY 203;
BADIOECOLOGY
80
-------
554-559
554
Soil Properties and Processes in Delation to
Waste Recycling and Disposal
Oldham, W.K.; dniv. of British Columbia, Canada
Presented at Conference, Land for Baste
Management, Ottawa, Canada, Oct. 1-3, 1973, p.
34-39; 1973, October
HASTE RBCTCLIHG; FILTRATION; REBOVAL; DISPOSAL;
SPBAT IRRIGATION; PHOSPHATES; WASTB DISPOSAL;
HICHOBIOLOGT; WiSTEHATBH; FATE; BEBC08I; SOBBBNT;
HASTE GASES; HASTES; GASES; SOILS; RECYCLING
In papers on soil properties and processes in
relation to vaste recycling and disposal, the
following topics are summarized: spray
irrigation of secondary effluent; phosphate
removal by soil in relation to vaste disposal;
•icrobiology of soil for vastewater renovation;
the fate of applied mercury in soil; and soil as
a sorbent and filter of vaste gases.
555
Solnbilization by Biochemical deans of Arsenic
Bound to Iron in the Soil
Olivier, B.R.; Le Peintre, H.
Ann. Inst. Pasteu, 88, 668-671; 1955
IRON; SOILS; ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION; ARSENIC
The anaerobic fermentation or organic substances
dissolves by reducing the Fe in soil and causing
the As to pass into solution.
556
Content, Distribution and Forms of Iron in Soils
of Western Andalusia. 3. Total and Free Iron in
Relation to the Chemical Composition of the Soils
Olmedo, J.; Panegue, G.; Centro de Edafologia y
Biologia Aplicada del Cuarto, Sevilla, Spain
Anales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia, 30(7/8) ,
633-645; 1971
DISTRIBUTION; SOILS; IRON; DOBILIZATIOR; IRON
OXIDES
Except in a ferritic brown earth, total Fe2O3 in
western Andalnsian soils varied between 2 and 61!;
free Fe (Deb) was always less than 1%. The
ferritic brown earth contained 35-55* total Fe2O3
and U% free Fe203. Chemical analysis shoved that
the content and mobilization of Fe could be
related to the amount and type of total Si02 and
the proportion of A12O3 and CaO.
558
Desorption of Copper and Cobalt Cations from
Chernozem and a Sod-Podzolic Soil
Orlova, L.P.; Ivanov, D.N.; Pochv. Inst. Im.
Doknchaeva, Boscow, OSSR
Pochvoedenie (PVDEAZ), 2, 31-36; 1974
CATIONS; DESOBPTION; SOILS; COPPER; COBALT;
CHERNOZEM; PODZOL
559
Recommended Bethods of Reduction, Neutralization,
Recovery, or Disposal of Hazardous Waste
Ottinger, R.S.; Blnmenthal, J.L.; Dal Porto,
D.F.; Santy, H.J.; TRW Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
Final Report, Vol. XV, Research S Development
Plans; PB-224 594/2
-------
560-565
560
Cadmium Residues in the Environment
Page, A.L.; Bingham, F.T.; Dep. Soil Sci. Agric.
Eng., Univ. California, Riverside, Ca
Residue Rev.(RREVAH) 1973,
-------
566-572
566
Selenium Status of Soils and Common Fodders In
Gujarat
Patel, C.A.; Hehta. B.V.; Inst. Agric., Gujarat,
India
Indian J. Agric. Sci., <40, 389-399; 1970
CLAY; PH; FODDER; GYPSUM; SELBNIOB; PLANTS; SOILS
Total selenium in soil vas 0.1*2-0.678 ppm iiith
an average of 0.375 ppm, and vater-soluble
selenium vas 0.051-0.121 ppm vith an average of
0.079 ppm. Rater-soluble selenium was positively
correlated vith total selenium and clay content,
and negatively correlated vith soil pH. The
selenium content of fodder plants vas positively
correlated vith the water-soluble selenium
content of the soil. In pot experiments, the
injurious effect of application of 2 ppm selenium
vas decreased by application of selenium as
gypsum.
567
Metal Toxicities arising from Industry
Patterson, J.B.E.; Agricultural Developient and
Advisory Service, Cambridge, England
Trace Elements in Soils and Crops, Technical
Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and
Pood, 21, 193-207; 1971
SOILS; TRACE ELEHEHTS; SEWAGE SLUDGE; 1ASTB
DOBPS; DREDGING; SPOILS; RIVERS; ESTUARIES;
EMISSIONS; AIR: CHIBNEYS; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
IHDOSTRIAL BASTES; METALS
Data are presented on the guantities of toxic
elements in the soil arising fro* sevage sludge,
dumps of vaste, dredgings and spoil from rivers
and estuaries, emissions from chimneys, vehicle
exhausts and miscellaneous sources.
Onder free-draining conditions in laboratory
experiments vith de-ionized CO2-free or
CO2-ansaturated vater, ferric and silico-ferric
gels vere unstable and changed early into
crystalline oxides (haematite). Kith a solution
containing 200 mg/1 Si02, even under strong
leaching conditions, the chemical and
•ineralogical nature of the gels vere unaltered.
Results are discussed vith reference to
soil-forming processes.
570
Kinetics of the Decomposition in the Soil of
C11-Labeled Urea as a Function of the Soil
Moisture Content, the Introduction of Pesticides
and Lime, and Soil pH
Pel'tser, A.S. ; Timiryazev Agr. Acad., Hoscov,
OSSR
Agrokhimiya, 10, 32-37; 1972
SOILS; TRACER; SOIL BOISTBRE; PH; LIME; ATRAZIHE;
TBICHLORPOH; MEHCOHI CHLORIDE; COPPER NITRATE;
SILVER NITRATE; DECOMPOSITION; UREA
The effects of soil moisture content, soil pH,
lice, atrazine, trichlorfon, mercury chloride,
copper nitrate, and silver nitrate vere studied
on the rate of decomposition of ell-labeled urea
in a laboratory test. The presence of atrazine,
trichlorfon, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, and
mercury chloride in the soil reduced the
decomposition rate of urea. Tvo hundred mg of
atrazine per kg of soil increased the time
reguired (from 55 to 75 hours) for the
decomposition of 10 mg of urea per 100 g of soil
vith 60X moisture content, a temperature of 18 C,
and a pB value of 6.7. An egual dose of
trichlorfon inhibited the total decomposition of
urea in soil after 36 hours, by vhich time 80% of
the total urea introduced vas decomposed.
568
Geocheaical Principles of the Distribution of
Trace Elements in Soils
Pedro, G.; Delmas, A-B.; Stn. Cent. Agron., INRA,
78-Versailles, Prance
innls agron., 21, U83-518; 1970
TRACE ELEBENTS; ROCKS; MINERALS; DISTRIBUTION;
PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOILS; REVIEW
Trace elements in rocks and minerals, and their
distribution as affected by pedological processes
are revieved vith 16 references.
569
Experimental Investigations on the Behaviour of
Ferric Hydrates and Amorphous Silico-Ferric
Constituents Under Leaching Conditions
Pedro, G.; Helfi, A.J.; Inst. Natn. Rech. Agron.,
Versailles, France
Pedologie, Gand, 20, 5-33; 1970
HAEBATITE; FERRIC HYDRATES; FERRIC GELS;
SILICO-FEHRIC GE1S; IRON; SILICON; LEACHING;:
OXIDES; SOIL-FORBING PROCESSES; TRANSFORMATION
571
Distribution of Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron,
Manganese, Nickel, Lead and Zinc, in Dissolved
and Particnlate Solids From Tvo Streams in
Tennessee
Perhac, R. H.
J. of Hydrol., 15, 177-186; 1972
DISTRIBUTION; CADMIDB; COBALT; COPPER; IRON;
BANGANESE; NICKEL; LEAD; ZINC; STREAMS; DISSOLVED
SOLID S; PARTICOLATES
572
A Rapid Method of Evaluating the Zinc Status of
Coastal Plain Soils
Perkins, H.F.
Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 1(1), 1970, 35-
-------
573-580
573
Hovement of iater-Borne Cadmium and Hexavalent
Chromium Hastes in South Farlingdale, Nassau
County, Long Island, New York
Perliutter, N.H.; Lieber, H.; Frauenthal, H.I.
U.S. Geol. Surv., Profess. Papers «75-C,
C179-C18*; 1963
BOVEHENT; CADBIUH; HEIAVALBNT CHROBIOB; CHROHIUH;
HATER; INDUSTRIAL EFFLOEHTS
57 U
The Circulation of Pollutants in the Biosphere
Pesson, P.; Inst. Nat. Agronom., Paris
Econ. Bed. Anil., 11/1, 3-10; 1973
DISPERSION; TROPHIC LEVELS; CIRCULATION;
TRANSPORT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSISTEH; AQUATIC
ECOSTSTEHS; PESTICIDES; RADIOACTIVITY; BIOSPHERE;
BIOTRANSFORflATIOH; FOOD CHAINS
The circulation cf pollutants occurs mainly
through two different yet complementary routes.
Firstly, pollutants Bay be transported physically
in their gaseous, solid or disolved state which
lead to their progressive dispersion. Secondly,
they lay be transported by biologic Beans, using
the extremely complex trophic networks which
unite the organisms of terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems. The functional nature and
environmental effects of these two routes of
pollution circulation are examined and discussed,
with particular attention to the transport of
pesticide and radioactive pollutants.
575
Vegetation and Hetal Toxicity in Relation to nine
and Hill Hastes. An Annotated Bibliography
Useful in Evaluating Available Literature
Peterson, H.B.; Honk, R.
Circ. Otah Agric. Exp. Stn, 1«8, 75 p.; 1967
VEGETATION; BIBLIOGRAPHY; BIKING; HILLS; HBTALS;
INDUSTRIAL HASTES; REVEGETATIOH
576
Leachates Quality from Acidic Hine Spoil
Fertilized with liquid Digested Sewage Sludge
Peterson, J.P.; Gschwind, J. ; Research and
Development Dept., Hetropolitan Sanitary District
of Greater Chicago, Chicago, IL
J. Environ. Quality, 1 («) , U10-2; 1972
HINE SPOILS; ACID HINE DRAINAGE; PH; SLUDGE;
SEHAGE SLUDGE; SDLFATES; ZINC; HAGNESIDR;
ALOHIHOH; IRON; LEACBATES; NITRIFICATION;
HATER-HOLDING CAPACITY
Leachate quality from spoil material was upgraded
by incorporating lagooned sewage sludge into the
spoil mass. There was an immediate increase in
pH, which can go to the alkaline side with higher
sludge rates. Important reductions occurred with
aluminum (up to 99%), iron (op to SOX) , soluble
salts (up to
-------
581-586
581
The Specific adsorption of Copper by Clay
Binerals and Soil Fractions
Plessis, S.F.; Burger, H.D.
Agrochemophysica, 3(1), 1-10; 1971
CLAT; ADSORPTION; PH; COPPBH; SOUS
Soil clays adsorbed about 1100 microgram Co/g of
clay, as compared vith 300 microgram/g of pace
clay. The silt fraction also adsorbed Co.
Adsorption capacity was influeced by pB and the
presence of other cations.
582
Behavior of Sercury Compounds in Soils:
Accumulation and Evaporation
Poelstra, P.; Frissel (I.J.; Tan Der Klngt, ».;
Tap, ».; Association Buratom-ITAL, Institute for
Atomic Sciences in Agriculture, Rageningen, the
Motherlands
Part of FAO/ IAEA/WHO Symposium en Comparative
Aspects of Food and Environmental Contamination,
Held at Belsinki, Finland, 1973, SA/175/46, 9p.;
1973
BEBCdRT; SOILS; FUNGICIDES; ATOHIC ABSORPTION
SPECTBOPHOTOHETBT; NEUTRON ACTIVATION AHALTSIS;
HEBCURT 203; HETBTLBERCDRT; DIHETHYLBSRCURT;
BERCURY CHLORIDE
The background Mercury concentration in the top
20 centimeters of 10 uncontaiinated European
soils vas 0.02 to 0.10 ppm (average 0.07); the
concentration was lover in the 20-100 cm. depth.
In the bulb growing area (where lercury
fungicides had been used for many years) the
concentration was about twice as high over the
whole ploughing depth. The rate of accumulation
is low; the rate of leaching is low, as is the
rate of volatilization. Still higher values (up
to 10 ppm) are found in areas flooded by the
heavily polluted Bhine river. In some areas
reclaimed 50 years ago, the soil was evidently
contaminated then and still is. Evidently, there
is some mercury being deposited with rain in
almost all areas: this comes from fossil fuels,
smelters, etc. and is higher near industrialized
areas. Experiments shoved that dimethyl mercury
evaporated quickly from soils; mercury as the
chloride hardly at all and as CB3 Hg Cl or
mercury metal very slowly (1/2 to 1 percent in
about 6 months from the experimental soil columns
kept at 20 degrees C). Continuous or interrupted
leaching may have affected the volalization
slightly; the former increasing it for CB3BgCl
and decreasing it for metallic mercury.
583
Accumulation and Distribution of Bercury in Dutch
Soils
Poelstra, P.; Frissel, H.J.; Van Der Klugt, H.;
Bannink, D.I.; Inst. At. Sci. Agric., Assoc.
Euratom, Hageningen, Neth.
Meth. J. Agr. Sci. (HETHAW) 1973, 21(1) 77-84; 1973
BERCURY; SOILS; PASTURES; ACCOBOLATIOH;
DISTRIBUTION; CROPS; ORGAHOHETALLICS; PESTICIDES;
PLANTS; REVIEW
Gives results of mercury contents survey for
different types of soil in Holland. Good
reference source for behaviour of mercury in the
ground.
584
Metabolism of Benz(a) Pyrene by the Hicroflora of
Various Soils and by Particular Species of
Bicro-Organisms
Poglazova, H.N.; Fedoseeva, G.B.; Khesina, A.I.;
Bikrobiol. Akad. Nauk SSSB
Dokl. Akad. Nank SSSB, 198, 1211-1213; 1971
BENZ (A) PYRENE; POLICTCLIC; AROHATIC HTDBOCARBOHS;
SOILS; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; TRAFFIC BASTE; OIL
INDOSTBI PRODUCTS; BICBOOBGANISHS; BBKZOPYBENB;
BBNZO(A) PYHEHE; HTDBOCARBONS; BAP; BICROFLOBA;
BICROOBGANISBS
In meat-peptone broth containing benz(a) pyrene,
incubation with a soil only slightly contaminated
by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with a soil
heavily contaminated by industrial and traffic
waste, and with a soil heavily contaminated by
oil-industry products and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, decreased the content of
benz (a) pyrene by 20, 40 and 00%, respectively.
Inoculating previously sterilized soil with
BACILLOS SPBAERICOS, BACILLUS BESATERIUfl HUTILATE
or PSEUDOBONAS-146 guickly decomposed 48-59* of
the benz (a)pyrene in the slightly contaminated
and 75-86X of that in the other two soils.
585
Nonexchangable Copper Bound to
Copper-Bontmorillonite. 2.
Polacek, S.; Galba, J.; Univ. Agric., Nitra,
Czechoslavakia
Pol'Nohospodarstvo(POLBAJ) 1973, 1(3) 177-83; 1973
B01TBOBILLONITE; COPPER; BINDING; FERTILIZES
586
Retention of Chloride in the 0 us at u rated Zone
Pollock, S.J.; Toler, L.G.
J. Research, 2(1), 119-123; 1974, Jan.-Feb.
SODIUB; CALCIUB; SALTS; ICE; SNOW; HIGHWAYS;
WATER; VEGETATION; CHLOBDANE; SAND; SILT; SODIUB
CHLORIDES; DISTRIBUTION; PRECIPITATION; SOILS
The use of sodium and calcium salts for melting
ice and snow on highways is common in the
northern U.S.; as deicing salts are dispersed
they damage soil, vegetation, and water. Some of
the chloride from predominantly sodium chloride
deicing salts that enters the ground is retained
in the unsaturated zone. In sand and silt at
Chelmsford, Bass., the amount of chloride
retained in the unsaturated zone to a depth of
4.6m ranged from 15-55% of the annual amount
applied to highways as sodium chloride in
1965-69. Soil grain size, d»pth to the water
table, and amount and seasonal distribution of
precipitation control the amount of chloride
retained in the unsaturated zone. (6 references)
85
-------
587-593
587
The Effects of Tcace Metals on Ground Hater
Quality as Influenced by Soils Reflecting
Differences in Organic Hatter Content and Genetic
Conditions
Ponder, F.; Tuskegee Inst., Ala.
Thesis, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama; Honitoring
Agency Rept. Ho. »7»-02211, OHRH-B-028-ALA(«);
Proj. OHBB-B-028-ALA; 69 p.; 1971, Hay
TRICE METALS; GROUND WATER; SOILS; GENETIC
CONDITIONS; ZINC; ABSOBPTIOH; LEACHING; HUN OFF;
BATEB; DIVALEHT; LEACHIHG
A review of literature on the correlation between
organic tatter and zinc content of soil and an
investigation of zinc absorption using four
different types of soil. These soils, which were
selected to represent a wide range of organic
•atter contents and qenetic conditions, were
prepared and submitted to studies of zinc
adsorption and leaching. Soil and run-cff water
were analyzed for zinc content. It is concluded
that organic latter is lainly responsible for the
retention of zinc or other divalent letal by
foriing stable coiplezes. Groundwater having
passed through soils high rather than low in
organic latter will contain lesser quantities of
divalent cations.
588
Hobile Foris of Silica, Manganese, and
Sesgniozides in Light Siecozeis of the Golodnaya
Steppe
Popova, T.p.
Nanch. Tr., Tashkent. Gos. Univ. (NTGLAZ) 1971,
Mo. 116, () 62-6; 1971
SOILS; MANGANESE; SESQOIOIIDES; SILICA; ALUMINOH
OXIDE; IROH; MOBILITY
589
Retention and Volatilization of Lindane and DDT
in the Presence of Organic Colloids Isolated froi
Soils and Leonardite
Porter, L.K.; Beard, B.B.
J. Agr. Food Chei., 16, 344; 1968
LINDANE; RETENTION; VOLATILIZATION; DDT; ORGANIC
COLLOIDS; SOILS; LBOMAHDITB
590
The Distribution and Mature of Arsenic in Soils
of the Bathnrst, Hew Brunswick, District
Presant, E.B.; Tupper, R.M.
Scon. Geol, 61, 1760-767; 1966
DISTRIBUTION; ARSENIC; SOILS
591
A Beview of Transnranic Eleients in Soils,
Plants, and Aniials
Price, K.R.; Battelle Northwest Lab., Bichland,
«A 99352
J. Environ. Qual., 2(1), 62-66; 1973
DISTRIBUTION; FATE; TEBBESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM;
RADIONOCLIDES; TRANSOBAMIC ELEMENTS;:
SOILS; PLANTS; ANIMALS; OBGANIC COMPLEXES;
CHELATION; MOBILITY; OXIDATION STATE;
REDUCTION: INGESTION; ASSIMILATION; UPTAKE;
BEVIES; NEPTUNIUM; PLUTONIUM; AMBHICIUM; CURIUM;
HALF-LIFE; BYPRODUCTS; NUCLEAR REACTORS;
TRANSPORT
Published information concerning the distribution
and fate of Np, Pu, Ai, and Ci in terrestrial
ecosysteis is reviewed; areas needing further
study are identified. In the final analysis of
environmental quality, radionuclides with very
long half lives will become increasingly
important to hnians as they continually
constitute a greater proportion of environmental
radioactivity. The transaranic elements are
the lost hazardous radionnclide by-products of
nuclear reactor operations. The relatively few
studies conducted indicate that transaranic
elements do not remain in solution in soils,
plants or animals, but organic complexes and
chelation greatly enhance mobility. The
elucidation of natural organic comlezes and
chelating agents was not attempted. Oxidation
state also influences mobility, but possible
biological mechanisms permitting oxidation or
reduction remain uninvestigated. Inqestion is
the most important transfer mechanism in
ecosystems, but assimilation of transuranics from
natural food sources is mostly unknown. Evidence
in the literature suggests 3 possible mechanisms
leading to the observed increase in plant uptake
with time: the formation of organic
complexes or chelates, a buildup of radionnclide
concentration at root surface or the
slow but continual uptake by perennial
plants. Each of these mechanisms deserves
further study.
592
Plant Ecology of Serpentine. 2. Influence of a
High flagnesinm/Calcium Batio and High Nickel and
Chromium Levels in Some British and Swedish
Serpentine Soils
Procter, J.
J. Ecol. 59(3) , 827-842; 1971
MAGNESIUM; CALCIUH; NICKEL; CBBOHIOH; SEBPENTINE
SOILS; PLANTS
593
Effect of the pH and Salt Concentration on Zinc
Sorption by Soils
Prokhorov, V.H.; Gromova, E.A.
Sov. Soil Sci. (Engl. Transl. Pochvovedenie),
3(6) , 693-699; 1971
PB; SALT; ZINC; SORPTIOB; SOILS; ORGASIC MATTES
86
-------
594-600
591
Consequences of Trace Element Contamination of
Soils
pnrves, D.: Edinburgh School of Agriculture,
Edinburgh, Scotland
Environmental Pollution, 3, 17-28; 1972
TBACE ELEHERTS; OBBAR; BUBAL; SOILS; PLARTS;
FOODS; SPBCTBOGBAPHY; BOROH; COPPEB; LEAD; ZIRC;
SOOT; ASH; COHPOST; SEWAGE SLDDGE; AVAILABILITY;
OPTAICE; LEACHIRG; RITROGBR RBQOIBBEIITS;
CELLOLOSE; FEBTILIZEBS; LETTOCB; CABBAGES; BBA1IS;
PEAS; POTATOES; BTPOCHLOBOSIS; CBBOHIOH; NICKEL;
HEBBAGE; FLDOBIDES; HIGHBAI PBOT.IHITY; SDBFACE
CORTAHIRATIOR; OATS; RADISHES; CLOVES; GRASSES;
PEBSISTERCE; AIB
The chemical composition of the bulk of the food
ve eat has been profoundly modified by the
intensification of the leans of food production
and as a result of the general contamination of
the environment. Contamination of the soil in
urban and industrial areas Kith potentially toxic
trace elements is an important aspect of
environmental pollution vhich can affect the
composition of food. Contamination of soils vith
elements such as copper, lead and zinc appears to
be largely irreversible and sources of this kind
of contamination are discussed. Evidence is
presented that the trace element content of
plants grown on contaminated soils can be
enhanced and that deleterious effects on plant
growth are possible.
per se has no deleterious effect on arsenite
oxidation. Arsenite is adsorbed by soil, the
extend of adsorption at pR 7 being directly
proportional to the concentration of arsenite. A
small but constant amount of arsenite is
apparently bound irreversibly to the soil. The
final rates of arsenite oxidation by soils
repeatedly perfused vith arsenite depend on the
pB of the perfusate and the concentration of
arsenite. After many perfnsions of sodium
arsenite at pH 7 the oxidizing ability of an
enriched soil decreases. Soils enriched vith
arsenite-oxidizing organisms are capable of
enrichment also vith nitrifying organisms. These
organisms apparently develop at separate sites on
the soil surfaces. This accounts for the fact
that repeated alternate perfnsions vith ammonium
ions and vith sodium arsenite result in rates of
nitrification and arsenite oxidation almost
identical vith those of soils exposed to either
substrate alone. The extents of oxygen uptake of
enriched soils in the presence of sodium arsenite
vere measured manometrically; the amounts vere
those predicted for oxidation to arsenate.
598
Plant Op take of Soil and Atmospheric Lead in
Southern California
Babinovitz, II.
Chemosphere, 1(4), 175-80; 1972
PLiSTS; SOILS; AIB; ATBOSPHERE; UPTAKE; LEAD
595
Selenium in Ground and Surface Raters
Quentin, K.E.; Feller. L.
Vom. Was., 3
-------
601-607
601
Soil Organic Hatter-Metal Complexes: 5.
Reactions of Zinc with Model Coifounds and Humic
He id
Randhava, N.S.; Broddbent, F.E.
Soil Sci., 99, 295-300; 1965
HOHIC ACIDS; SOILS; ZINC; HBTALS; ORGANIC HATTER;
HOBOS
602
Sorption of Lead by Bydroas Ferric Oxide
Rao Gadde, R.; Laitinen, B.A.; Sch. Chem. Sci.,
Oniv. Illinois, Ocbana, IL
Environ. Lett. (EVLTAI) 5(U) 223-35; 1973
LEAD; SORPTION; IBOH; OXIDE; SOILS; FERRIC
OXIDES; PR; SEDIBENTS; RUNOFF; ACID HIRE
DRAINAGE; ADSORBTION; HTDHOOS FERRIC OIIDE;
HYDROUS MANGANESE OIIDES; ADSORPTION
Sorption of lead on synthetic hydrous ferric
oxide as a function of lead concentration and pH
is described. The environmental consequences of
reversible lead sorption with pR are discussed.
Hydrous ferric oxide, whether in soils,
sediments, or acid line runoffs can adsorb large
amounts of lead at a favorable pR and release it
quickly as the pB decreases.
603
The Arsenic Content in Soil Following Repeated
Applications of Granular Paris Green
Rath burn, C.B.
Mosquito News, 26(U), 537-39; 1966
ARSENIC; GRANULAR PARIS GREEN; SCILS; PESTICIDES
604
Cadmium: Production, Use and Residues in the
Environment in Finland
Rautapa, J.; Advis. Comm. Poisons, Finland
Kern. Teollisnas (ICETEA9) , 30(10), 465-7; 1973
RE?IBS; CADMIOM; RESIDUES; CADBIOB PRODUCTION
and clays has been found to be effected by
various abiotic parameters in the environment.
The adsorption of methyl and inorganic mercury by
sands vas found to be inhibited by chlorides,
depended on pH, inhibited by the dissolved
oxygen, and effected by the particle size of the
sands. The capacitance for mercury by clays was
found to be inhibited by chlorides and humates,
and to be amphoteric for various clays at
fluctuating pB's. Both oxide and sulfide
minerals appeared to have a high tendency to
adsorb inorganic mercury, but since methylmercury
has a low affinity for oxygen, only the sulfide
minerals will adsorb methylmercury. The degree
of mercury adsorption by oxide minerals was found
to be a function of the oxide's solubility in
aqueous solutions. The minerals' adsorptive
capacity for both methyl and inorganic mercury
vas inhibited by excess sulfide, chlorides,
complexing agents, reducing agents, and dissolved
oxygen (enhanced oxide mineral adsorption) . The
order of mercuric chloride adsorption by minerals
is illustrated below: sulfide minerals greater
than Fe(2)0(3) and flnO (2) greater than apatite
calcite greater than silica. The inorganic
constituents of the sediment have a great
affinity for both inorganic and methylmercnry,
and amazingly under aerobic conditions, the three
dimensional clays, montmorillonite and Illite,
have been found to have the greatest capacity for
methylmercnry of the natural sediments. The
order of uptake of both inorganic arid organic
mercury by inorganic constituents of the natural
sediment is elucidated belov: For mercuric
chloride, BgCl(2). sulfide minerals greater than
illitegreater than reduced sands greater than
montmorillonite greater than oxide. Minerals
greater than fine sands and kaolinite. For
methylmercuric chloride, CB(3)BgCl. snlfide
minerals greater than illitegreater than
montmorillonite greater than fine san ds.
606
A Bierarchy of Models for the Behavior of Mercury
in the Ecosystem
Reiniger, P.; Frissel, H.J.; Poelstra, P.; Seek,
Part of welsh, c.N. (Ed.), International Atomic
Energy Agency Proceedings Series. Nuclear
Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Symposium,
Dnipnb, Inc., New Tork, NT, (p. »07-
-------
608-612
608
Application of Thermal Atomizaticn to the
Determination of a Variety of Trace Elements in
Soils and Rocks
Riandey, c.; Pinta, H.; Lab. Spectrogr., Orstom,
Bondy, France
Analosis, 2(3), 179-185; 1973
SOILS; ANALYSIS; TRACK ELEHENTS; BOCKS; CHROHIOH;
SILVER; COPPEBj LEAD; Zinc; ATOHIC ABSORPTION;
ATOHIZATION; GEOLOGY; TBERHAL ATOHIZATION;
DETEBHINATION
609
Adsorption of Copper on Quartz
Richardson, P.H.; BavKes, H.B.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., IS, 6-9; 1958
COPPER; QUARTZ; ADSORPTION; BINEBALS
610
The Persistence of Heavy Hetals in Soils and
natural Vegetation Following the Closure of a
Shelter
Roberts, T.N.; Goodman, G.T.; Department of
Botany, University College of Svansea, Swansea,
Hales; Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada; Department of Applied Biology, Chelsea
College, University of London, London, England
Part of Bemphill, O.D. (Ed.) , Seventh Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Held at Remorial Onion, University of
Hissouri-Columbia, Columbia, HO, June 12-14,
1973; 1973
SLAG; VEGETATION; FALLOUT; LEAVES; ZINC; LEAD;
CADHIOH; HICKEL; COHCBHTRATIOH; LEACHING; COPPER;
PERSISTENCE; SHELTERS; SOILS; GRASSES; SEASONAL
VARIATIONS; EPIPBTTIC BOSS; BIOINDICATOBS;
TAILINGS; REFIMEBIES; HOSSES; AIR
The lower Swansea Valley in South Hales was the
center of Britain's copper and zinc smelting
industry in the nineteenth century. It is now an
area of extreme industrial dereliction, with
numerous slag heaps and tailing damps. It is
virtually devoid of vegetation. Betal levels
downwind of the smelter were high, but the
relative contributions to this of the old spoil
heaps, as opposed to the remaining producing
zinc-lead smelter and nickel refinery, were
difficult to elucidate. Closure of the smelter
in Hay, 1971, however, resulted in a gradual, but
marked decrease of zinc, lead and cadmium fallout
downwind. Shutdown of the smelter coincided with
an accelerated decrease of the heavy metal
content of leaves of the grass Festuca rnbra.
Lead levels decreased by a factor of ten, i.e.,
from 1500 to 150 ppm dry weight and cadmium
levels fell from US to 11 ppm. In the following
autumn the zinc, lead and cadmium levels rose by
only a factor of two as a new, much lower pattern
of seasonal fluctuations emerged. In contrast,
the nickel content of Festuca leaves rose
following the smelter shutdown, being 26 ppm in
January, 1972 compared to 20 ppm in January,
1971. In contrast to Festuca, the zinc, lead and
cadmium content of the epiphytic moss, HYPNDB
CUPRESSIFOBHE VAH. FILIFORHE fell only slowly,
which indicates that this 'monitor' species may
reflect a pollution episode long after the
emission has ceased. The small variation of
metal levels in Hypnum due to the annual growth
cycle suggests that epiphytic mosses are useful
monitors of atmospheric metal fallout. In marked
contrast to the rates of fall in metal
concentration of Festnca; the available soil
levels decreased only slowly throughout the
sampling period and showed no seasonal pattern.
Zinc levels decreased the most, e.g., from 1554
ppm in April, 1971 to 1028 ppm in April, 1972.
Rates of leaching were calculated, which
suggested a return to 'background' levels for
lead and cadmium within a period of 3-4 years.
However, copper levels were still elevated in
soils near a copper smelter which had closed in
1925. This persistence in soils may still
present a problem.
611
Effect of Foundry Smoke at Freiberg and
Halsbrnecke on the Trace-Element Content in Soil
Roesler, B.J.; Beuge, P.; Hueller, E.
Bergakademie, 21, 386-397; 1969
FODNDRT SHORE; SHORE; VALLEYS; SLOPES; HILLSIDES;
CBIHNEYS TRACE ELEHENTS; LEAD; ZINC; ARSENIC;
TIN; SILVER; SOILS
The regional distribution of Pb, Zn, Sn, As and
Ag were evaluated and plotted from 450 spectral
analyses of soil samples from an area of 500 sg
km. Foundry smoke from Freiberg, Balsbruecke and
Holdenhnetten appreciably affected trace-element
content but the effect was confined to the A(1)
horizon. Smoke of the Freiberg type could affect
the trace-element content of an area over 200 sq
km. The weather slopes of hillsides and major
valleys could be particularly affected, depending
on chimney heights.
612
Hodel Experiments on the Downward Higration of
Artificial Radioactive Haterials in Soils
Rohleder, K.; staatl. Chen. Ontersuch. Amt,
Braunschweig
Kerntechn. Atomproaxis, 15(7), 301-305; 1973
SOILS; RADIOIOSTOPES; CESIDH; ANTIRONY; CESIDH
137; ANTIHOHY 125; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION;
GROUND HATEB
The lower the exchange capacity of a particular
soil and the lower the distribution coefficient
of a particular nuclide the more easily will the
nuclide penetrate into the deeper layers of that
soil. In contrast to other nuclides, Sb 125 is
practically not retained by soil at all. The
distribution of various nuclides in the soil does
not depend on the time over which a given amount
of precipitation percolates through the soil, but
acidity of the water reduces elution. The depth
of penetration of nuclides into soil is strongly
affected by the vegetation cover. For example,
Sb 125 remains much longer in the topmost soil
layer in the presence of a cover of moss. No
indication was found, however, of any enrichment
by microorganisms living in the topmost soil
layer. The rate of downward migration in
nnworked soil is particularly slow in the case of
the long lived nuclide Cs 137, so that the dose
rate of this nuclide on the surface of the soil
hardly changes after contamination. This effect
is further intensified by a vegetation cover, so
that this nuclide may present a hazard of ground
water contamination.
89
-------
613-619
613
Lead Uptake by Selected Tree Seedlings
Bolfe, G.L.; Dep. Forest., Univ. Illinois,
Drbana, 111.
J. Environ. Qnal., 2(1), 153-157; 1973
TREES; LEAD; ABSORPTION; SOILS; EBOSPHOBOSj UPTAKE
617
Selenium
Rosenfeld, I.; Beath, O.A.
Academic Press., 8.I., U11 p.; 196U
SELENIUM
611
Modeling Lead Pollution in a Watershed—Ecosystem
Rolfe, G.L. ; Chaker, A.; Helin, J.; Ewing, B.B.;
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Journal of Environmental Systems, 2(1) , 339-3119;
1972, December
LEAD; MODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCUMULATION; WATERSHEDS;
ECOSYSTEMS; CROPS; PASTURES; FORESTS; AUTOMOBILE
EMISSIONS; AIR; WATER; SOILS; CONCENTRATION;
PLANTS; ANIMALS; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; SPATIAL
LOCATION
An interdisciplinary study is currently in
progress at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Chaapaign under a grant from the National
Science Foundation RANN Program. Objectives of
the study include understanding and modeling the
movements and effects of heavy metals (initially
lead) in the environment. A model has been
constructed which simulates the movements and
predicts the accumulation points of lead in a
76-sguare mile watershed-ecosystem in Champaign
County, Illinois. The model includes components
of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and
represents the ecosystem by a network of nodes
and branches where the nodes represetn the
components of the ecosystem in a general sense
and the branches indicate possible transport
mechanisms between nodes. Results of a two year
simulation using a network of 36 nodes and 121
branches is presented. The model provides a
method for the study of pollutant transport and
accumulation in ecosystems.
615
Effects of Beryllium in Plants and Soil
Romney, E.H. ; Childress, J.D.
Soil Sci., 100, 210-217; 1965
BERYLLIUM; PLANTS; SOILS
616
The Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on the Growth of
White Spruce Seedlings
Rosehart, R.G; Lee, J.Y.
Water Air Soil Pollut,
618
Arsenic Fixation in Relation to the Sterilization
of Soils with Sodium Arsenite
Rosenfels, R.S.; Crafts, A.S.
Bilgardia, 12(3), 203-229; 1939
ARSENICS; FIXATION; STERILITY; SOILS; SODIOH
ARSENITE; ARSENIC FIXATION
619
Behavior of Cadmium in the Oxidation Zone
Hoslyakov, N.A.
Geol. i Geofiz., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sibirsk. Otd.,
(2), 126-9; 1962
GECCHEBISTBY; CADMIUM; OXIDATION; ZIHC; GALENA;
SPBALBHITE; SPECTEOGRAPBY; GALENA; PYRITE;
CHALCOPYHITE; IRON; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE;
TITANIUM; PELITIC; SILTSTONE; LAVAS; BRECCIA;
LEAD; COPPER; CARBONATES; ROCKS; LIMONITE;
BYDROXIDES; MIGRATION; ORE
Under endogenic conditions, cadmium is bound to
zinc and in galena-asphalerite ore cadmium is
concerned only in sphalerites. Spectral analysis
detected no cadmium in galena, pyrite, and
chalcopyrite from the same ore. The light-colored
variety of sphalerite, as a rule, contains
considerably more cadmium than brownish and
dark-gray sphalerites which are usually enriched
in iron, magnesium, manganese, and titanium. The
small amounts of cadmium in chalcopyrite-pyrite
ores, pelitic siltstones, and lava breccias are
caused by the presence of dispersed fine
sphalerite. Noticeable concentrations of cadmium
were also observed in lead and copper carbonate
rocks, in limonites, and in rocks impregnated
with iron hydroxides. But their zinc:cadminm
ratio (21-35) is considerably smaller than in the
secondary galena-sphalerite ores (700). The
lead:cadmium ratios in these ores were 210 and
200, respectively. Therefore, cadmium in the
oxidization zone has a migration ability similar
to that of lead and less than that of zinc. In
elnvial deposits, cadmium behaves somewhat
differently. It is fixed directly over ore
outcrops and is found only at 2-3 meter distance
frcm the ore. This indicates a low migration
ability of cadmium in the supergene zone.
Cadmium was not found in 2074 soil analyses.
, U39-UU3; 1973
SOILS; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; TBEBS; SPROCB;
SEEDLINGS; PHYTOTOIICITI
90
-------
620-628
620
flovement and Accumulation of Bercury In Apple
Trees and Soil
Boss, B.G.; Stewart, D.K.R.
Canada J. Plant Sci., 42, 280-285; 1962
aOVEHENT; ACCOHOLATION; BEBCOBY; APPLE TREES;
APPLE ORCHARDS; SPRATS; PHBNYLHEBCORY ACETATE;
HESIDOES; FOLIAGE; PBOIT; LEAVES; TBAN SLOCATION;
OPTAKE; BOOTS; SOILS: PEBSISTEBCB; APPLES; TBBES
In a mature apple orchard which received 21
pre-cover sprays of phenylmercory acetate in five
years and 9 sprays in two years, residues of
1.11 and 0.5 ppm mercury occurred almost entirely
in the top two inches of soil. The mercury moved
from the foliage to grovlng fruit and new leaves
by translocation, but there was no uptake through
the roots.
624
The Measurement and Bechanism of Ion Diffusion in
Soils
Bowell, D.L. ; Bartin, B.W,; Dye, P.H.
J. Soil. Sci. 18, 20U-222; 1967
I0« DIFFUSION; SOILS; DIFFUSION BEASUBEBBNT
625
Chemical Decomposition of Soils
Rndin, V.D.; Khristenko, G.S.
Tr. Stavropol. Sel'Skokhoz, Inst.(TSTSAi) 1970,
So. 33 (Vol. 2) 87-9; 1970
SOILS; CHBHICAL ASHING; CHBOHIOH; BOLYBDENOH;
DECOBPOSITION
621
Copper in Soils and Plants
Rotini, O.T.; 1st. Chim. Agrar,, Dniv. Pisa,
Pisa, Italy
Atti Siap. Int. Agrochi*. (ASIAAW; 1972, 9, 291-8;
1972
REVIEW; COPPEB; PLANTS; SOILS; AHIHALS
622
One-Dimensional Bodel of the Bovement of Trace
Radioactive Solute Through Soil Columns The
Percol Hodel
Routson, R.C.; Serne, R.J.; Battelle Pacific
Northwest Laboratories, Bichland, Washington
Battelle pacific Northwest Laboratories, Report
BNWL-1718, U9 p.; 1972
ADSOBPTIOH; EFFLOEHTS; IOB EZCBABGE; NATHEBATICAL
SODEL; SINE SBAFTS; RADIOACTIVE 1ASTES; SOILS;
WATER; SOIL COLOBNS; PEBCOL HODEL; HODBL; HOVEBEST
A mathematical model is tested on soil column
experiments. It allows for adsorption of the
polluting species in the soil by ion eichange.
623
what Bappens in Soil-Disposal of Hastes?
Routson, R.C.; Wildnng, R.E.
Ind. Water Eng. , 7(10), 25-27; 1970, October
BYCONVERSION; FILTRATION; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; IOB
EXCHANGE; BIIED WASTES; REVIEW; SOILS; WASTE
DISPOSAL; LANDFILLS; HICROBIOLOGI
A short review of the microbiological, physical
and chemical processes occurring in the soil, and
interactions with industrial wastes.
626
Process for Removing Holybdenum fro* Agueous
Industrial Effluents and for Seducing the Level
Bolybdennm Toxicity.
Etunnells, D.B.; Colorado Dsiv., Boulder.
Bolybdenue Project
Final Report, NSF, Washington, DC; Bonitoring
Agency Rept. No. 18; F; PB-22» 121/U; U p.; 1973,
October 10
BOLTBDENOM; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; PBECIPITATION;
EFFLUENTS; IBON CHLORIDES; WATER; COPPER;
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; WASTES; IBOH; SOILS;
BEBOVAL; AQUEOUS BEDIA
The report describes a process for removing
molybdenum from aqueous industrial effluents and
for reducing the level of available molybdenum in
soils in areas of molybdenum toxicity. The
experiments were designed to test the removal of
molybdenum from actual aqueous effluents from
certain copper mines in Arizona.
627
Developing a Soil Quality Index
Rust, B.H.; Adams, B.S.; Hartin, W.P.
Part of Thomas, Williams A. (Ed.). Indicators of
Environmental Quality. Proceedings of a
Symposium. Philadelphia, PA, Dec. 26-31, 1971.
Plenum Press: New York, NY; London, England, (p.
2U3-2U7) , 275 p.; 1972
SOYBEANS; CROPS; ANIBALS; BICBOBIOLOGY;
FEBTILIZERS; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
EFFLOEBTS; BASTES; WATERSHEDS; SOILS; FBOTT FLY;
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
628
Solubility of Manganese, Iron, and Zinc as
Affected by Application of Sulfuric Acid to
Calcareous Soils
Byan, J.; Biyamoto, S.; stroehlein, J.L.;
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Plant Soil (PLSOA2), «0(2) , U21-7; 197K
SOLFOBIC ACID; SOILS; MICBONOTRIENTS; TRACE
ELEBEBTS; SDLFATES; IRON; BANGANESE; ZINC
91
-------
629-637
629
Decency Residues in Ceceal Grains from Seeds or
Soil Treated vith Organomercury Compounds
Saha, J.G.; Lee, T.I.; Tinline, B.D.; Chinn,
S.H.P.; Anstenson, B.N.; Canada Department of
Agriculture, Research Station, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan; nniversity of Saskatchewan,
Department of Crop Science, Saskatoon, Canada
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 50, 597-599;
1970, September
BERCORY; RESIDOBS; CEREALS; GRAINS; SEEDS; SOILS;
BARLEY; WHEAT; PAMOGEN PI; PANOGEN 15;
CONCENTRATION; HEBCOBY RETENTION; CONTAHINATION;
GAHE BIRDS; FUNGICIDES; BIBDS
The purpose of this study was to deter line the
mercury content of bacley and wheat gcains grown
from treated seeds oc tceated soil under Canadian
pcairie conditions. Conquest barley seeds were
treated with Panogen PX, and Haniton wheat seeds
were treated with Panogen 15. The harvested
grains were analyzed for mercury residues. In
another experiment, Panogen PI was disked into
the soil, which was seeded with Thatcher wheat
about a week later. Determinations were made on
mercury residues in the harvested grain and in
soil samples collected after the harvest. A
significant amount of mercury was found in the
grain grown in soil treated with Panogen PX, and
51 to 53 percent of the mercury estimated to have
been applied remained in the soil five months
after application. There was no significant
difference in the mercury content of wheat and
barley grains, whether or not they were grown
from dressed grain. Researchers concluded that
the reported contamination of game birds probably
results from the birds eating dressed seed left
uncovered by soil in the field or elsewhere.
633
Asbestos in Drinking Hater
Sargent, R.E.
J. Hew England Hater forks Assoc., 88(1), HU-57;
197U
ASBESTOS; FIBER; DISTBIBOTION; SEDIHENTATIOH;
EROSION; FLUSHING; DRINKING HATER
Asbestos fibers were found by light microscopy to
be present in thirty-two water systems tested in
Vermont. Generally, there is an increase in
fiber count from source to distribution, but it
is not known whether the fiber increase is due
principally to breaking apart, concentration
through sedimentation, erosion of A.C. pipe or
field tapping A.C. pipe. There is no conclusive
evidence to date incriminating asbestos in water
as a health hazard at presently known levels.
Hhere flusihing of the system was instituted
following sampling, the fiber count was
substantially reduced. There is a need for more
research in this area to establish if or at what
concentration of fiber a hazard to healt exists.
A standard procedure for identification and
quantifying asbestos in drinking water is needed.
634
Trace Elements in Agriculture
Sauchelli, V.; Van Nostrand ReinhoId Co., New
York, 2U8 p.
; 1969
TRACE BLEBENTS; AGRICDLTDRE; RBVIEH
630
Adsorption of Urea by Some Sudan Soils
Said, B.B.
Plant Soil 36 (1) 239-212; 1972
EXCHANGE CAPACITY; CLAY; AOTOCLAVING; BBRCDBIC
CHLORIDE; HYDROLYSIS; ADSORPTION; OBEA; SOILS
635
Determination of Benzo (A)pyrene in Bitumen and
Crops Grown on Bitumen-Treated Soils
Schamp, N.; Hassenhov, E.F.
Heded. Fac. Landbonwwet. Bijksnniv. Gent, 37(3),
1107-1113; 1972
CARCINOGENS; AIR; BENZO(A) PYBBNE; SOILS; BITOHEN;
CROPS; PLANTS; HYDROCARBONS; BAP
631
Preliminary Study of Hercnry Residues in Soils
Hhere Bercury Seed Treatments Bave Been Used
Sand, P.F.; Riersma, G.B.; Tai, H.; Stevens, L.J.
Pestic Bonit J 5 (1). 1971 32-33.
HERCOBY; RESIDUES; SOILS; SEED
636
On the Sorption and Leaching of Zinc in Soils
Scharrer, K.; Hoefner, H.
Z. Pfl. Bra. Dnngung, Bodenk. 81, 201-212; 1958
SORPTION: LEACHING; ZINC; SOILS
632
Binding of Copper, Banganese, and Zinc by Humus
Substances from Peat
Sapek, A.; Inst. flelior. Ozytko* Zielooych,
Falenty, Poland
Bocz. Glebozn. (ROGLAA) 1972, 23(2) 51-5; 1972
HOBIC; HICRONOTRIENTS; SORPTION; TRACE ELEBENTS;
HDHATE; COPPER; BANGANESE; ZINC; PEAT; BINDING
637
Reactions Between Fnlvic Acid, a Soil Humic
Compound and Inorganic Soil Constituents
Schnitzer, B.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 75-81; 1969
FOLVIC ACID; SOILS; HOBOS
92
-------
638-643
638
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils: 8. An
Evaluation of Bet hods for the Determination of
Stability Constants of Hetal-Pulvic acid Complexes
Schnitzer, H.; Bansen, E.B.
Soil Sci., 109, 333-340; 1970
ION EXCHANGE; POLVIC ACID; PH; ICHIC STBEHGTB;
COPPEB; SICK EL; COBALT; LEAD; ZIIC; RAGRBSIDH;
HAHGARB5E; CALCIOH; ALOBINOH; IHOH
The continuous variations method was better for
determining reliable fulvic acid/metal ratios
than the ion-exchange method. Each ratio,
however, should be checked by at least 2
different methods, lith pB increase from 3 to 5
and lowering of ionic strength (micron) from 0.1
to 0, fulTic acid metal ratios tended to fall
below 1.0, indicating the formation of mixed or
polynnclear complexes, the extent of which was
related to the ability of the metal of for*
either strong or weak complexes with fulvic acid.
At ionic strength =0.1, however, all complexes
were mononuclear with respect to the metals.
Between pB 3 and 5 and at u=0.1, fnlvic acid
formed 1:1 molar same ionic strength value, bat
at pB 1.7 and 2.35, 1: 1 complexes were formed
with Fe3 + and A13+. Stability constants from the
2 methods showed good agreement and increased
with increasing pB. The order of stabilities at
low pR was Fe2» greater than A13 + greater than
Co2+ greater than Ri2* greater than Co2+ greater
than Pb2+ = Ca2* greater than Zn2+ greater than
Hn2» greater than Hg2+. Probably, stability
constants measured at low ionic strength are more
relevant to soils than those determined at higher
ionic strength.
639
Reactions of Hnmic Substances with Hetal Ions and
Hydrous Oxides
Schnitzer, M.; Khan, S.O.
Barcel Oekker, Inc., Hew York, 1972. p. 203-251;
1972
BORIC; HBTAL IORS; HYDROXIDES
6U1
Organo-metallie Interactions in Soils: 5.
Stability Constants of Cu*+-, Pe»+-, and
Zn*»-P«lvic Acid Complexes
Schnitzer, H.; Skinner, S.I.H.
Soil Sci., 102, 361-365; 1966
COPPER; IBOH; ZIHC; FOLTIC ACID; PB; IOH EICBAHGE
The ion-exchange equilibrium method of Schubert
was used to determine stability constants E. Log
R values at pB 3.5 and 5.0 were respectively 5.78
and 8.69 for Cn-fnlvic acid complexes, 5.06 and
5.77 for Pe-fulvic acid complexes and 1.73 and
2.34 for Zn-fulvic acid complexes.
642
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils: 1.
Reactions between a Dumber of Hetal Ions and the
Organic Batter of a Podzol B(h) Borizon
Schnitzer, H.; Skinner, S.I.a.
Soil Sci., 96, 86-93; 1965
ORGAROHETALLICS; SOILS; HETALS; ORGANIC HATTER;
PODZOL SOILS
643
Organo-Hetallic Interactions in Soils. 4.
Carboxyl and Rydroxyl Groups in Organic Hatter
and Hetal Retention
Schnitzer, H.; Skinner, S.I.H.
Soil Sci., 99, 278-284; 1965
OBGASOHBTALLICS; HETALS; SOILS; CAHBOXTL;
BYDROITL GRODP; OBGAHIC HATTER; RETENTION
640
OrganoHetallic Interactions in Soils. 7.
Stability Constants of Pb (2 plus), Ri (2 plus),
Co(2 plus), Ca(2 plus), and Hg(2 plus) - Fulvic
Acid Complexes
Schnitzer, H.; Skinner. S.I.H.
Soil Science, 103(4), 247-252; 1967
SOILS; FOL7IC ACID; OBGAROHETALLICS; LEAD;
SICKEL; BANGANESE; BAGHESIOH; COEALT; CALCIDH
93
-------
644-647
644
Chemical and Bi.ocheni.cal Aspects of Leachate
Schoenberger, R.J.; Fungaroli, I.A.; Drexel Inst.
Technol.
Part of Proceedings of National Industrial Solid
Bastes Management Conference, University of
Houston, Houston, TX (p. 307-310); 1972
LEACHATE; SANITARY LANDFILLS; DEGRADATION; BOD;
COD; BETALS; ANALYSIS; ADSORPTION
In determining the biochemical aspects of
leachate from sanitary landfills, it is necessary
to analyze the degradation product components
which are produced, neither the classical BOD
test nor the chemical ozygen demand test is
adequate to describe the composition and the
potential degradation of the organic fraction.
From the standpoint of interferences, the COD
is more reliable and not subject to microbial
inaccuracy from the heavy metals. Bany of the
•ore sophisticated methods of analysis have not
been proposed, although it will te necessary to
develop data using these analytical tools if
treatment of the leachate is contemplated. Some
of these tools are the volatile acids
determination and the use of total carbon or
total organic carbon analyzers. The use of total
carbon appears to be feasible if the leachate
solution is relatively clean and not burdened
with suspended solids. For leachate, this is not
the case and preconditioning is necessary. The
removal of these suspended solids is an
analytical interference since the suspended
solids adsorb some of the degradation products.
The magnitude of the contribution of these
products has not been determined. Preliminary
work using volatile acid data shows that the
number of acids is large and cannot be easily
separated. There does not appear to be a direct
relationship between COD and BOD determinations.
In general, the COD appears to be about 4-5 times
greater than the BOD determination for the
samples analyzed. Certainly this cannot be
construed to be a general relationship, since
many other variables would have to be studied.
645
Determination of the Purifying Capacity of Soils
with Respect to Heavy Betal Ions (Zinc, Copper,
and Lead)
Schoettler, 0.; Tech. Hochsch., Aachen, Germany
Geol. Bitt. (GEBTA9) 1972, 12(1). 61-76; 1972
SOILS; METALS; REBOTAL; ZIHC; COPPEH; LEAD
6U6
Soil Analyses in the Smoke Damaged Area of the
Metallurgical Plant Oker in Dnterharz (Ueber
bodenkundliche Aufnahuen im Bauchschadengebiet
der Dnterharzer Huettenwerke Oker)
Schucht, F.; Baetge, H.H.; Dueker, B.
Landwirt. Jahrb., 76, 51-98; 1932
BE1ALLBRGICAL PLANTS; SOLFOB DIOXIDE; NITROUS
ACID; CARBON DIOXIDE; EHISSIONS; ROOT CBOPS;
COPPEB; LEAD; ZINC; ARSENIC; SOILS; NITROGEN;
CROPS; ROOTS; SHORE
The metallurgical plants in Oker primarily emit
sulfur dioxide, nitrous acid, and carbon dioxide.
The effect of these emissions on the soil was
determined by taking soil samples, profile
samples, and individual samples at 12 points.
The area has primarily clay soil interspersed
with sand and gravel. The soil was studied to
determine the absorption, permeability, and
coherence. Hydrochloric acid extracts were
analyzed to determine if changes had occurred
because of the pollutants. with prevailing west
winds, an extensive area receives the emissions
from the metallurgical plants. In all samples,
an enrichment of the sulfates (in the form of
calcium sulfate) was found. This cannot cause
soil damage since the quantities are too small.
with the influence of sulfur dioxide and carbon
dioxide, the soil loses its alkalinity. However,
the soil contained so much calcium the sulfur
dioxide became bound. Iron sulfates, which form
only without alkalinity, could not be determined.
Bithio a belt of one to one and one half
kilometer wide, hardly anything grew. This belt
was followed by a zone (2 kilometer from the
emission source) where the root crops were still
heavily damaged. Between three and three and one
half kilometers from the emission source, the
effect of the pollutants was weak. Also the
metals copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic were found
in the soil; they are mostly insoluble, and thus
are harmless compounds.
6
-------
648-656
648
Behavior of Synthetic Detergents in Soil: III.
Soft Detergents, Microorganisms and Soil
Sebastian!, L.A.; Simonetti, A.D.; Borgioli. A.;
1st. Ig., G. Sanarelli, Oniv. Boia. Boia, Italy
Nuovi inn. Ig. Hicrobiol., 22(1), 229-2*2; 1971
DETERGENTS; SOILS; HICBOORGANISHS; DBS; DODBCIL
BENZENE SOLFONATE; DEGBADATION; PERCOLATIOS
The biodegradable DBS (dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
18 mg 1) percolating through a bioactive sand
column and the extent to which this detergent
affects the usual STAPRTLOCOCCOS displacement
through the column were studied. The
displacement of a biodegradable detergent through
soil appears similar to that of a non-degradable
detergent: there is an almost complete recovery
from the points nearest to the head and a
recovery of about 80 degrees, from the most
distal point. After about 9-101 of percolating
liquid, DBS concentration begins to show a
precise concentration till, at about 18-20 of
liquid it reaches extremely Ion values. DBS
undergoes degradation by the STAPRTLOCOCCDS
present in the column. Especially in comparisons
of the drawing points most distart from the head,
where degradation is sore accentuated, the amount
of STAPHYLOCOCCI transported by DBS solution is
lover than the corresponding amount transported
by water. This result is different from that
obtained by means of percolation through a
similar column of a non-degradable DBS solution;
the microorganisms transported by the detergent
solution continually remained higher than that
transported by water alone.
6»9
Toxicity and Movement and Heavy Metals in
Serpentinic Soils Northeastern Portugal
Segueira, E.M.D.
Agron. Lnsitana, 30(2), 115-15H; 1968
NICKEL; WEATHERING; EBOSION; METALS; MOVEMENT;
SOUS; SE8PEHTINE SOILS
650
Molybdenum in Soil
Segui, P.; Laboratorio per la Chimica del Terrene
del C. N.R., Pisa, Italy
Agrochimica (1972) 17(1-2) 119-1UO
MOLYBDENUM; SOILS; REVIEW
651
Transport of Lead in the Environment
Servant, J.
Part of Proc., Int. Simp., Environ. Health
Aspects Lead (26TVAJ) 1973, (155-65); 1973
LEAD; TRANSPORT; RAINWATER; LAKE WATEB; SOILS
652
The Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon Benzo (A) Pyrene in
the Soil
Shabad, L.H.; Cohan. T.L.; Ilnltsky, A.P.;
Khesina, A.T.; Shcherbak, ft.P.; Smirnov, G.A.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst., «7(6), 1179-1191; 1971
BOOSE; SOILS; BACTERIA; PLANTS; CARCINOGENS; SKIN
CANCEB; MICE; HYDROCARBONS; BENZO(A)PYREBE
653
Level of Benzo (A) pyrene in Soils and Vegetation
After Nerozin Application
Shabad, L.H.; Kogan, Y.L.
Onkologiya (Kiev) (KLGAB) , 3, 105-107; 1972
BENZOPYREHB; PLANTS; SOILS; NBBOZIN; VEGETATIOH;
BENZO (A) PYRENE
65<1
Circulation of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons in the
Environment and Their Metabolism in Cells
Shabad, L.M.; Vasil'ev, Y.N.
Puti Razv. Sovrem. Onkol. (2UBQ&B) , 47-53; 1970
REVIEW; CARCINOGENS; HYDROCAHBOHS; SOIL;
METABOLISM; MAMMALIAN CELLS; SOILS BACTERIA
A review discussing the movement of carcinogenic
hydrocarbons through the human environment and
the metabolism of these compounds by soil
bacteria and mammalian cells.
655
Retention of Copper by Bundelkhand Soils
Shanker, H.; Dwivedi, K.N.; Ottar Pradesh Inst.
Agric. Sci., Kanpur, India
Indian J. Agr. Res.(IJARC2) 1972, 6(1) 19-22; 1972
COPPER; RETENTION; SOILS; SOBPTION; PH
656
Contents of Mobile Foras of Copper, Zinc,
Manganese, Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Boron Certain
Types of Peaty Soils in Polders in the
Kaliningrad Region
Shirokov, V.V.
Zap Leningr S-Kh Inst 13t 1969 Trans 52-57.
COEPEB; ZINC; MANGANESE; COBALT; MOLYBDENUM;
EOBON; PEATY SOILS; MOBILITY; AMELIORATION;
CULTIVATION; SOILS
95
-------
657-664
657
Effect of Different Sources of Organic Matter on
the Recovery of Added Water Soluble Zinc in Solids
Shukla. O.C.; Anand, S.S.; Randhawa, N.S.; Oep.
Soils, Haryana Agric. Oniv., Hissar, India
Haryana Agr. Oniv. J. Res. (HAJRA5) 1971, 1(3)
8-13; 1971
ZINC; SOILS; ORGANIC MATTER
662
Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes
Sillen, L.G. ; Martell, A.E.
2nd ed.. Special Publication No. 17. The
Chenical Society, London (p. 75U); 1964
COMPLEXES; STABILITY CONSTANTS; ION COMPLEXES;
METALS
658
Zinc Absorption by Corn Hybrids from Solutions,
Clay Suspensions and Soils
Shuman, L.B.; Pennsylvania State Oniv., Dept. of
Agronomy Oniversity Park, PA
Pennsylvania State Oniv., Oniversity Part, Dept.
of Agronomy (TID—25768); 1970, Jane
ZINC; ABSORPTION; CORN; HYBRIDS; CLAY
SOSPENSIONS; SOILS; CLAI
659
Soils Capacity for Accepting organic Fertilizers
Siegel, O.
Bodenknltur., 21(3), 237-252; 1973
METALS; BASTES; ORGANIC FERTILIZERS; POODS; SOILS
660
On the Effect of Some Soil Factors on the
Solubility of Trace Elements
Sillanpaa, M.
Agrogeol. Jnlk., 81, 24; 1962
TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; PH; MANGANESE; ZINC;
NICKEL; COPPER; LEAD; COBALT
Total contents of trace elements decreased in the
order Hn greater than Zn greater than Hi greater
than Cu greater than Pb greater Co end were
generally greater in fine mineral soils than in
coarse soils and especially in organic soils.
The contents of soluble trace elements generally
increased with their total amounts and with
decreasing pH, particle size and C/H ratio, and
increasing organic-latter levels of the soils.
661
Trace Elements in Finnish Soils as Related to
Soil Texture and Organic Hatter Content
Sillanpaa, H.
Maataloust. Aikak., 3a, 3U-HO; 1962
TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; ORGANIC BATTER
663
The Injurious Effect of Mercury Vapor Prom
Bichloride of Mercury in Soil of Rose Houses
Simmerman, P.".; Crocker, W.
Boyce Thompson Inst., Prof. Paper, 1(23), 222-225;
1933
BICHLORIDE; ORGANIC MATTER; HERCORY; AIR; BODS;
TANKAGE; RATE; REDOCTION; VAPOR; HOSES; MERCORY
BICHLORIDE
The organic latter of the soil reduces the
bichloride to metallic mercury and the vapours of
the mercury rise into the air and kill the buds:
•hen the soil is rich i'n tankage or other organic
matter, the rate of reduction of the bichloride
is increased, and consequently the severity of
the injury.
661
Retention of Added Copper by Two Soils as
Affected by Organic Matter, CaCO3 and
Exchangeable Ions
Singh, M.; Haryana Agric. Oniv., Hissar, India
Geoderma 5, 219-227; 1971
RETENTION; ORGANIC MATTER; COPPER; SOILS; ION
EXCHANGE; LOAM; CALCIOH CARBONATE; SAND; HOMIC
ACIDS
Untreated samples of a loam and a loamy sand soil
and samples from which organic latter and CaC03
had been extracted with B202 and HC1,
respectively, and replaced by 0, 1, 2, 3 or tt
huiic acid and 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8% CaCO3,
respectively, were equilibrated with CuSOW
solution. Samples treated with with H202, HC1,
H202 + HC1, HC1 » CaC12 and HC1 + NaCl were also
equilibrated with CuSOU solution. Soil with
added hniic acid retained lore Cu than soil with
all the organic latter removed and the amount
retained increased with increasing hniic acid
content. Added huiic acid, however, retained
less and fixed a smaller proportion of added Cu
than samples with their original organic latter
undisturbed. Added CaCo3 also increased Cu
retention but to a smaller extent than huiic
acid. HC1 treatment of soils reduced Cu
retention considerably but Ca and Na saturation
of H-saturated soils increased Cn retention but
not to the level of untreated soils. The loam
soil retained more Ca than did the loamy sand.
96
-------
665-670
665
Profile Distribution of Trace Elements in sore
Typical Soils of Aligarh District
Singh, H.; Singhal, J.P.; pac. Eng. Technol.,
Aligarh Uslim Oniv., Aligarh, India
Indian J. Appl. Chem. (IJACAN) 1970, 33 {6) 351-6;
1970
TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS; C1TIOM EXCHANGE
MICRONOTRIEHTS; CiLCIOH CARBONATE; BOBOK; COBALT;
COPPEB
666
Forms of Copper in the Soils of Nacsinghpur
District of Nadhya Pradesh
Singh, 5.; Jain, R.K.; Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(tt),
271-27K; 1971
CBGAMIC HATTER; AVAILABILITY; PH; CALCIDM
CABBOHATE; COPPER; SOILS
Fifteen samples of soils ranging from black to
brown were studied. Total Cu ranged from 6.0 to
178.8 (average 76.1) ppn and available Cn fron
0.12 to 1.56 (0.77) ppm. Total Cu was correlated
with CaC03 and organic matter contents (r =
0.3900 and 0.3981 respectively) and available Cu
with soil pH and CaCO3 content
-------
671-679
671
Ose and Residues of Hercury Coipaands in
Agriculture
Smart, N.A.
Besidue Bev., 23, 1-36; 1968
RESIDUES; BERCORY; AGRICULTURE; BEVIES; CBOPS;
SOILS
A review of use of mercury compounds agriculture,
including mercury residues in soil and crops.
(109 references)
672
The Study of the Benz-ilpha-Pyrene Content in the
Soil and Vegetation in the Airfield Begion
Smirnov, G.A.
Vop. Onkol. 16(5), 83-86; 1970
C1BCIKOGEHS; SOUS; BEHZO (A) PTREBB; VBGET1TIOK;
PLANTS
673
Changes in the Zinc Distribution lithin Three
Soils and Zinc Uptake by Field Beans Caused by
Decomposing Organic Ratter
Smith, B.J.; Shoukry, K.S.B.
Part of Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic
Hatter Studies Proc. Sym. IAEA 6 FAO, Vienna,
July 1968 (p. 397-410); 1969
ZIHC; SOILS; UPTAKE: BEANS; PLANTS;
DECOHPOSITION; ORGANIC HATTEB; DISTBIBOTION
67U
Specific Gravity of Fiber Length of Loblolly
Pine-G and Spruce Pine-6 on the Same Site
Snyder, E.B.; Hamaker, J.B.
U.S. Forest Service Research Note SO, 103, 1-3;
1970
SPECIFIC GRAVITY; FIBER ' LENGTH; IOBLOLLY; PINE-G;
SPRUCE PINE-G; PINE; SPROCE
675
Transport, Distribution, and Degradation of
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Residues in Aquatic Hodel
Ecosystems
Soedergren, A.; Dep. Anil. Coll., Oniv. Lund,
Lund, Sued.
Oikos(OIKSAA) 1973, 2<4(1) 30-111; 1973
INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; IQDATIC
ECOSYSTESS; CHLOPHEB; DDT; DDE; KODEL ECOSYSTEM
676
Lead Contamination of Plants and Soils Caused by
Automobile Exhaust Gases
Sommer, G. ; Bosopulo, A.; Klee, J.
Z. Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd., 130(3) 193-205; 1971
GRASSES; »HEAT; HAIZE; POTATOES; TRAFFIC
AUTOBOBILB EMISSIONS; LEAD; PLANTS; SOILS
677
The Uptake of Radioactivity Directly Through
Leaves and Indirectly Via the Roots of Plants
Sommermeyer, K.; Godt, K.J.; University of
Freiburg, Institute of Radiology, Freiburg,
Germany
Part of Proceedings of the Second Dnited Nations
International Conference on the Peaceful Dses of
Atomic Energy, Held in Geneva, Switzerland,
September 1-13, 1958, Vol. 18, waste Treatment
and Environmental Aspects of Atomic Energy, (p.
500-502) ; 1958
PLANT UPTAKE; SOILS; FOLIiB ADSORPTION; STBONTIOS
90; ZIHC 65; NIOBIOB 95; CESIUM 137; ZIRCONIUM 95
The contamination of plant tissue with
radioactive fission products was determined to be
largely through wet fallout. Plant at high
altitude subject to greater wet fallout contained
larger concentration of radioactivity.
678
Behavior of Heavy Beta Is in Soil-Crop System. 1.
Distribution of Cadmium in Soils and Its
Retention by Soil
Sonoda, Y. ; Bauda, T.; Iwai, I.; Gifu Univ.,
Kagamigahara, Japan
Gifu Daigaku Nogakubn Kenkyu Hokoku (GNKEAH) 33,
113-120; 1972
SOILS; CADSIOI1; SOBPTION; ZINC; HEAVY SETiLS;
CRCPS
679
Behavior of Heavy Betals in Soil-Crop System. 2.
Status of Copper on Each Horizons in Kakamigahara
Soil
Sonoda, Y.; Oguri, H.; Iwai, I.; Gifu Univ.,
Kagamigahara, Japan
Gifu Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku(GNKEAH) 1972,
No. 33, 121-128; 1972
~OPPEB; SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER; HEAVY BETALS; CBOPS
98
-------
680-685
680
Problem Definition Study: Evaluation of Health
and Hygiene Aspects of Land Disposal of
Wastewater at Military Installations
Sorber, C.A.; Schaub, S.A.; Guter, K.J.; Amy
Bedical Environmental Engineering Research Unit,
Edgevood Arsenal, HD
Report No. USAHEERO-73-02; Task
3-A-062110-4-80600; Honitoring Agency Bept. No.
18; Proj. DA-3-A-062110-A-806; AD-752 122;
-------
686-690
686
Arsenic Residues in Soil and Potatoes from
Hisconsin Potato Fields-1970
Steevens, D.B.; Walsh, L.B.; Keener, D.B.; Dep.
Soil Sci., Oniv. Risconsin, Madison, 9is.
Pestic. Bonit. J.(PEBJAA) 1972, 6(2), 89-90; 1972
ARSENIC; RESIDUES; POTATOES; SOILS
687
Arsenic Phytotoxicity on a Plainfield Sand as
Affected by Ferric Sulfate or Aluminum Snlfate
Steevens, D.R.; Walsh, L.B.; Keeney, D.R.;
Dnivecsity of Hisconsin, Madison, disc 53706
Journal of Environmental Quality, 1(3) , 292-295;
1972
ARSENIC; SODIOB AHSENITE; PESTICIDES; DESICCAHTS;
DEFOLIANTS; PEAS; POTATOES; POTATO PEELINGS; CROP
YIELDS; PERSISTENCE; UPTAKE; SOILS;
PHYTOTOTICITY; LEACHING; ALDHINDH SOLFATE; FERRIC
SDLFATE; TOBACCO; COTTON; CROPS; SAND; BOVEHENT
Repeated use of arsenic (As) salts in orchards,
cotton, and tobacco fields occasionally has
caused phytotoxicity. A study vas initiated to
evaluate the effect of periodic applications of
sodium arsenite (NaAso2) vhich has been used
extensively as a defoliant to kill potato vines
in Wisconsin commercial potato fields. Sodium
arsenite vas applied in 1967 to a Plainfield sand
at rates varying from 15 to 720 kg As/ha. In
1970, these field plots were subdivided and
treated with ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO«)3) and
aluminum sulfate (A12(S01)3) to attenuate As
toxicity, planted to peas (PISOH SATIVOH L.) and
potatoes (SOLANUB TOBEROSDB L.) and yields
compared vith those obtained in earlier
investigations. Arsenic toxicity persisted over
a period of four cropping seasons. Pea yields on
As-treated soil tended to be higher vith an
application of Fe2(SO»)3 and lover with an
application of A12(SO»)3, although yields
generally vere not significantly changed by
either material. Potato yields Here not affected
by application of Fe2(SOt)3, therefore, neither
Fe2(SOU)3 or A12(SOU)3 vere effective at the rate
used in reducing toxicity. Potato tuber peelings
contained up to 53.7 ppn of As, but regardless of
treatment, the tuber flesh did not exceed 1 ppm.
Ferric sulfate or A12 (SOU) 3 did not have a
consistent effect on the concentration of As in
potato peelings or tuber flesh. The As content
of As-treated soil increased in the subsoil but
decreased in the plov layer during four cropping
seasons. The increase in subsoil As vas found to
a depth of 38 cm and 68 cm for treatments of 90
and 180 kg As/ha and 720 kg As/ha, respectively.
Even considering the dovnvard movement, all of
the As applied in 1967 as NaAsO2 vas not
accounted for in the soil profile (0-83 cm) .
688
Sorption of Trace Quantities of Metal Ions by
Bentonite Clay from a Thiosalt Medium
Steger, H.F.
Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin,
67(7««), 90-95; 197U. April
SORPTION; CLAT; BEKTOHITE CLAY; IBON; COPPER;
ZISC; LEAD; SODIUM; CALCIUM; HASTEHATBR; BINES;
PH; MANGANESE; HATER; METAL IOHS ; LIBING
The sorption by bentonite clay of trace amounts
of iron, copper, zinc, and lead, in the presence
of 100-fold (or greater excesses of sodium and
calcium, from a synthetic (sulphide) mine vaste
vater has been studied. The amounts sorbed vere
found to depend on the nature and concentration
of the metal ion, the number and total
concentration of the metal ions present, the pH
of the medium, the amount of clay used and the
contact time of the clay vith the medium. The
bentonite clay has been tested vith a sample of
real "lime-treated" mine vaste vater and found to
reduce appreciably the concentration of iron,
copper and zinc, but to have no significant
effect on that of manganese.
689
Organic Batter Reaction Involving Bicronutrients
in Soils
Stevenson, F.J.; Ardakani, B.s.
Part of J.J. Flortvedt, P.B. Giordano, and R.L.
Lindsay (Eds.), Bicronutrients in Agriculture.
Soil Science Society of America. Madison,
Risconsin (79-111) ; 1972
ORGANIC MATTER; BICRONUTRIENTS; SOILS; TRACE
ELEMENTS
690
Edaphic Aspects of the Disposal of Unused
Pesticides, Pesticide Hastes, and Pesticide
Containers
Stojanovic, B.J.; Kennedy, B.V.; Shuman, F.L.;
Mississippi State Univ., State College, Miss.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1972, 1(1), 54-62; 1972
PESTICIDES; BIODEGRADATION; SOILS; BACTERIA;
DISPOSAL; LOAM; CALCAREOUS LOAB; MICROFLORA;
FAEAQOAT; DIELDRIB; PICLORAM; VERNOLATE; BROBINE;
ZINC; ARSENIC
Complete biodegradation of all pesticides does
not occur in the soil. The biodegradation and
the effects in the soil microflora of 20
analytical grade and formulated pesticides, and 7
formulations mixtures vere studied in a
calcareous loam. The soil vas amended vith
11,227 kg/ha of the respective active ingredient
(S), and vas subsequently incubated for 56 days.
The extent of biodegradation vas estimated from
the C02 evolved during the incubation, and the
effects on the microbial populations vere
determined. From plate counts of the incubated
samples. Picloram, paraquat, Vernolate, and
Dieldrin, as veil as 8 of the formulations, vere
partly degraded. Single pesticides inhibited
bacterial grovth, but affected streptomyces and
fungi much less drastically. Mixtures of
formulations vere more biodegradable than the
single pesticides, provided that at least 1 or 2
pesticides in the mixture. Rere relatively
rapidly biodegraded. The mixtures reduced the
number of bacteria, but favored grovth of
streptomyces and fungi. Incineration of liguid
formulations at 900 degrees produced little ash.
The incineration of solids, hovever, yielded
substantial amounts of incombustible residues.
Analysis of the ash from the solid indicated in
several cases the presence of toxic elements,
such as Br, As, Zn, etc.
100
-------
691-700
691
The Pate of Chromium During the Treatment of
Sewage
Stones, T.
lust. Sew. Purifi., Loud. Journ. and Proc.,
3lt5-347; 1955
FATE; CHROBIOM; SESAGB
692
The Pate of Zinc During the Treatment of Sewage
Stones, T.
Inst. Sew. Purif., Lond Jurn. and Proc., 251-257;
1959
FATE; ZINC; SERAGE
693
The Pate of Copper During Treatment of Sewage
Stones, T.
Inst. Sew. Purifi., London, Journ. and Proc.
82-8U; 1958
PATE; COPPER; SERAGE
69U
The Fate of Lead During the Treatment of Sewage
Stones, T.
Inst. Sew. Parif., London. Journal and Proc.,
221-223; 1960
FATE; LEAD; SERAGE
695
Investigation of Mercury Pollutant Interaction
with Hnmic Acids by Beans of Radio Tracers
Storhal, P.; Hnljev, D.
Part of welsh, C.tl. (Ed.). International Atomic
Energy Agency Proceedings Secies. Unclear
Techniques in Environmental Pollution.
Symposium, Onipub, Inc.; Hew Tork, R.T. O.S.A.
1971,
-------
701-709
701
Cadium Contamination of Soils and Bice Plants
Caused by Zinc Binlng. I. Production of
High-Cadiium Bice on the Faddy Fields in Lover
Beaches of the Bine Station
Takijima, I.; Katsumi, P.; Fukui Agric. Bxp.
Stn., Fukui, Japan
Soil Sci. Plant Hutr. (Tokyo) (SSPNAW) 1973,
19(1). 29-38; 1973
RICE; SOILS; CADHIUH; DISTRIBUTION; HBA»Y HBTALS;
ZIHC HIRING; ZINC; PADDIES; PLANTS
PHTTOTOIICITT; SOILS; LEACHING; ABSEBIC;
CONCENTRATION; POTATOES; HALF-LIFE
A description vas given of two field trials
carried oat over successive years in the
Netherlands, concerned vith phytotoxicity of the
soil and its arsenic content. Even after
extremely high levels (up to 25 tiles the used
dose of acsenite for killing haulms of potatoes)
phytotoxicity gradually disappeared daring
subsequent years. The arsenic vas leached froi
the top soil. A half-life of 6.5 plus or linns
0.1 years vas calculated from 6 dosage steps in
two experiments.
702
Cadmium Contamination of Soils and Bice Plants
Caused by Zinc Dining.
-------
710-718
710
BBC Residues in the Environment
Tatsukava, R.; Rakimoto, 1.; Ogava, T.
Part of Matsumura, Fa«io, G. Hallory B crash and
Tomomasa Bisato (Ed.). Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seminar. Oiso, Japan, October,
1971. Illus. daps. Academic Press: Nev York, HI;
London, England, 229-238; 1972
PLANTS; HUMANS; TISSUE; AIR; HATBR; SOILS; BBC;
RESIDUES
711
The Association of Trace Elements with Manganese
Minerals in Australian Soils
Taylor, R.M.; NcKenzie, R.B.
Austr. J. Soil Res., 1, 29-39; 1966
TRACE ELEMENTS; MANGANESE; MINEBALS; SOILS
712
Chen istry of Soil Arsenic
Thonas, J.R.
Diss. Abs., 15, 2379-2380; 1955
SOILS; ARSENIC
715
The Interaction of Some Heavy Metal Cations and
Silicic Acid at Lov Concentrations in the
Presence of Clays
Tiller, K.G.
Trans. 9th Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 2, 567-575; 1968
SILICIC ACID; CLAY: PH; ADSORPTION; SILICATES;
TRACE ELEMENTS; HEAVY METALS; COBALT; NICKEL;
ZIHC; CATIONS
The amounts of Co, Ni and Zn adsorbed by clays
increased with the amount of silicic acid
adsorbed. There vere no Co and Zn compounds at
high cation concentrations and/or high pH. The
reaction between these was promoted by silic acid
depending on the adsorption of reacting species
at adjacent sites such as the edge surfaces of
layer silicates. Results suggest that silicic
acid in the soil solution nay have an important
role in reactions that control the availability
of trace elements.
716
The Specific Sorption of Cobalt and Zinc by Layer
Silicates
Tiller, F.G.; Hodgson, J.F.
Part of Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 9th Nat'l.
Conf., Pergamon Press, N.Y., (393-403); 1962
SOBPTION; COBALT; ZINC; SILICATES; LAYER SILICATES
713
IR Spectra and Differential Thermograms of
Lignins and Soil Hoiic Materials Saturated vith
Different Cations
Thompson, S.O.; Chesters, G.
J. Soil Sci., 21(2), 1970, 265-272
COPPEB; CALCIOB; LIGNIH; THERHOGBAMS; SOILS;
HUBIC; CATION; INFRARED SPBCTROSCOPY;
DIFFERENTIAL TBBRMOGBAHS
717
Soil Zinc and Its Uptake by Plants. 2. Soil
Chemistry in Relation to Prediction of
Availability
Tiller, K.G.; Honeysett, J.L.; De Tries, M.P.
AuEt. J. Soil Res., 10(2), 1972 (Received 1973),
165-182
CLOVER; HRBAT; HADIOISOTOPES; CHEMICAL ISOTHERM;
DESORPTION; ZINC; SOILS; UPTAKE; PLANTS;
AVAILABILITY PREDICTION; AVAILABILITY; SOIL ZINC
71U
Heavy netal and Radionnclide Behavior in Soils
and Plants
Tiffin, L.O.; Lagerwerff, J.V.; Taylor, A.S.;
Agricultural Chemicals Management Laboratory;
Agricultural Environmental Quality Institute;
Beltsville Agricultural Besearch Center,
Beltsville, HD 20705
Prepared in Collaboration vith the Division of
Biomedical and Environmental Research D.S. Atomic
Energy Commission under the terms of the ABC
Research Contract AT(»9-7)-1; 1973, December
HEAVY METALS; RADIONUCLIDES; SOUS; FLINTS
718
Soil Zinc and Its Uptake by Plants. I. Isotopic
Exchange Equilibria and the Application of Trace
Techniques
Tiller, K.G.; Honeysett, J.L.; De Vries, M.P.
Austr. J. Soil Res., 10, 151-16H; 1972
SOILS; ZINC; UPTAKE; PLANTS; EICHANGE EQUILIBRIA;
ISOTOPIC EICBANGB; TBACEB TECHNIQUES
103
-------
719-724
719
Movement of Complex Compounds through Different
Soil Types
Todorovic, Z.; Pilip, A.; Boris Kidric Institute
of Hoclear Sciences, Belgrade, Germany
COMF-6706IH; STI/PDB-158, Symposium on the Ose of
Isotope and Radiation Techniques in Soil Physics
and Irrigation Studies, Istanbul, (2«1-2«9); 1967
BOVEHENT; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; EDT»; BTDROXIDES;
SALTS; SOUS; SOLFOBIC ACID; IBICES TECHNIQUES;
TRANSPORT; SATER; POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS; SODIOB
COHPODNDS; CBBOHIOH 51; COBALT 60; IODINE 131;
IRON 59; SOLFOH 35; ZINC 65
Results of the behavior of complex compounds of
zinc (bivalent), iron (trivalent), cobalt
(trivalent) and chromium (trivalent) on passing
through four sorts of soils are given. The soils
had a dominant content of sand, clay, humus and
carbonate. The investigations were carried out
by the radioactive tracer technique. The
complexing was carried oat vith Na-citrate,
EOTA, Na-thiocyanate, potassium cyanide,
ammonium-hydroxide, Na-oxalate, Na-tartrate and
Ma-citrate. The effect of the excess complexing
agent on the percentage of the complex compound
in the elnate, retention and spread of the
elation curve, is shown. The investigations were
carried out on a colamn always filled with the
sane quantity of soil of given granulation. The
movement of the complex compound was observed by
taking samples of the eluate and X plus or minus
(o) were determined as a measure for the
retardation and spread of the coiplex compound
waves. The smaller the difference between
retardation (S) and free volumume (X) (0) and the
smaller the standard deviation, the smaller was
the retardation of the complex compound. From
these characteristics and fro« those of the
elation curves for I 131 and S 35, which are
considered to be passing through the soil without
considerably difficulty, those coiplex compounds
which showed the least retardation and wave
spread on passage through the soil type
investigated were determined.
722
Ret Treatment of the Leaching Residue from Zinc
Smelting
Tozana, K.
To ho tea Daigaka Senko Seiren Kenkyusho Iho
(TDSSA2) , 28(2), 237-253; 1972
BEVIES; ZINC; LEACHING; RESIDDES; SHELTERS
723
Effect of Soil Noisture on the Dynamics of the
Labile Forms of Copper and Hanganese Distribution
Treiman, A.A.
Part of Mikroelem. Biosfere Primen. Ikh. Sel.
Khoz. Ned. Sib. Dal'Mego Vostoka, Dokl. Sib.
Konf., 3rd (27BOAA), 1969; Filippov, V.R. (Ed.),
ikad. Nauk SSSR, Sib. Otd., Buryat. Filial,
Ulan-Ode, USSR (125-128) ; 1971
SOIL HOISTORE; LABILE FORMS; DISTRIBUTION;
MOISTURE CORRELATION; SOILS; COPPER; MANGANESE
721
Pollution of Groundwater Due to Municipal Dumps
Tremblay, J.J.; Anger, H.; D'Cruz, J.
Canada Dept. of Energy Bines and Resources,
Technical Bulletin »2; 1971
BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL DONPS;
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS; GASES; LEACBING; LEACHATES;
LANDFILLS; HATER; GROUND RATEH; MUNICIPAL DUMPS
An extensive bibliography and short review
article on the composition of landfill material,
the leachate compositions, research on progress
internationally and legislation on ground water
pollution from landfill sites.
720
Microbial Conversion of Mercury Compounds
Tonomura, It.; Furukawa, K.; Tamada, fl.
Part of Matsumura, Fomio, G. Hallory Boush and
Tomomasa Hisato (Ed.). Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seminar., oiso, Japan, October,
1971. Academic Press: New York, N.I., U.S.A.;
London, England. (115-133) 637p.
MICROBIOLOGY; MERCURY; CONVERSION
721
Microbiological Leaching of a Zinc Sulfide
Concentrate
Torn a, A.E.; Balden, C.C.; Branion, B.M.R.
Bioeng., 12(H), 1970, 501-517
MICROBIOLOGY; LEACHING; ZINC; ZINC SULFIDE
104
-------
725
Translocation and Distribution of Lead 210 and
Polonium 210 Supplied to Tobacco Plants
Tso, T.C.; Dept. of Agriculture, Beltsville, Bd,
Pisenne, Isabel
Badiat. Bot., 8, H57-462 (1968, December); 1968
ABSORPTION; AGE; DISTRIBUTION; BETABOLISB; ROOTS;
SOILS; LEAD 210; POLONIOB 210; LEAVES; STEBS;
TOBACCO; PLANTS
Lead 210 and polonium 210 were supplied to
tobacco plants (HICOTIANA TABACDB L. cv. naryland
catterton) from soil, stem, and leaf surface to
study the patterns of translocation and
distribution of these elements. Test plants took
up Po 210 and Pb 210 from roots or stems and the
elements vere distributed to various tissues.
Direct absorption of Po 210 is therefore
considered a major source of Po 210 supply, in
addition to that from ingrowth of Pb 210 in leaf
tobacco. A higher concentration of Pb 210
accumulated in younger upper leaves than in older
lower leaves, while a higher concentration of Po
210 accumulated in older lever leaves than in
younger upper leaves. Rhen the two elements were
applied to the leaf surface, little translocation
or redistribution of Pb 210 was found from one
leaf area to other leaf areas, but a very small
portion of Po 210 applied oo younger upper leaves
transferred to older lower leaves. Po 210
applied on older lower leaves, however, remained
where placed.
726
Limited Removal of Polonium-210 And Lead-210 From
Soil and Fertilizer by Leaching
Tso, T.C.; D.S. Dep. Agric., Beltsville, Hd
Agron J 62(5), 1970, 663-664.; 1970
BOOTS; ABSORPTION; POLONIOB; BBHOVAL; SOILS;
LEAD; AGITATION; LOAD; RAINFALL; IRRIGATION;
PLOBIHG; EROSION; FERTILIZBBS; LEACHING
In laboratory experiments using a loamy potting
soil, both polonium 210 and lead 210 were leached
out from soil and fertilizer mixtures without
mechanical agitation. Polonium 210 and lead 210
leaching was increased by mechanical agitation
bat polonium 210 was leached Bach more easily and
a higher percentage was removed from soil than
from fertilizers. Results suggest the possible
removal of limited amounts of polonium 210 and
lead 210 from soil and fertilizer through
rainfall or irrigation, and an increase in this
removal by plowing or erosion.
727
Sources of Environmental Pollution: Provisional
Standards and Preventive Heasures—Soil
Tsara, S.
Jap. J. clin. Bed., 31, 1933-1937; 1973, June
SOILS; POLLUTION SODBCKS; INDUSTRY; CRITERIA;
ABATEBEHT
725-731
728
Change in the flobility of Copper and in its
Availability to Plants During a Reaction with
Organic and Inorganic Parts of the Soil
Tsyplenkov. V.P.; OSSH
Vestn. Leningrad. Dniv., Biol. (VLOBB6) 1972, (1)
133-7; 1972
CLAY; COPPER; SOILS; PLANTS; HYDBOMICA; BABLEI;
KAOLIN; MOBILITY; HUBOS
729
Nature of Iron and Aluminum Hydrous Oxides
Precipitated in Bontmorillonite Suspensions and
Reduction of Structural Ferric Iron in Nontronite
Tullock, R.J.; Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Indiana
Thesis, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana,
Oniv. Bicrofilms, Order No. 73-15, 878; Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 3»(1), 27-28; 1973
ALDHINOfl HYDROXIDES; REDUCTION; FERRIC HYDROUS
OXIDES; IRON HYDROXIDES; IRON; ALUBINUH; OXIDES;
BONTBORILLONITE; BONTBONITE
730
Effect of Fertilizers on the Content of Bobile
Trace Elements in Soil
Turbas, E.; Kalmet, B.; Hiis, V.
EESTI Pollumajanduse Akad. Tead. Toode Kogumik
(EPSNA8) No. 73, () 82-91
SOILS; LIMING; BICRONUTRIENTS; BOBILITY; HANURE;
TRACB EL5BBNTS; LIHE; FERTILIZERS
731
Varying Persistence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
in Six California Soils Dnder Laboratory
Conditions
Twata, T.; Restlake, B.E.; Gunther, F.A.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 9(U), 20U-211;
1973, April
ANALYSIS; CHLORINATED HYDROCABBOHS; PESTICIDES;
SOILS; PERSISTENCE; PCB; POLYCHLORINATED
BIPRBNYLS; PALLOOT; AIR
The PCBs had different lives in different soils
in their original form. However, they could
alter in composition and possibly be spread by
aerial fallout giving widespread contamination.
105
-------
732-737
732
Heavy Ratals Pollute nature. Hay Reduce
Productivity
Tyler. G.
Ambio, 1 (2) , 52- 59; 1972
ACCUMULATION; BOODLAND; HIRES; BEADOHS;
ECOSYSTBHS; ATOBIC ABSORPTION SPBCTBOPHOTOHETHY;
BOSSES; SEASHORE; BOG PEAT; HEATT METALS;
DECOHPOSITION; BINER ALIZATION; BOGS; FORESTS
Deposition and accumulation of heavy metals in
terrestrial sites (woodland, mires, meadows) is
surveyed. Major ecosystem components were
anlayzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Increase in atiospheric deposition is first
traced in carpet-forcing losses and the highest
concentrations are in southwestern Scandinavia.
fletal turnover is illustrated vith examples from
seashore Beadovs. An accumulation surface in bog
peat is discussed, indicating movements of heavy
•etal ions, at least under acid, reducing
conditions. Possible effects of increasing heavy
•etal deposition on decomposition, mineralization
and primary productivity are indicated.
733
Primary Production and Distribution of Organic
(latter and Metal Elements in Tvo Heath Ecosystems
Tyler. G.; Gullstrand, C.; Holmguist, K.L.;
Kjellstrand, A.M.; Dep. Plant Ecol., Oniv. Lund,
Lund, Sweden
J. Ecol. (JECOAB), 61(1), 251-68; 1973
HEATH ECOSYSTEM; METALS
734
Zinc Adsorption by Calcareous Soils.
ado, E.J.; Bohn, H.L.; Tucker, T.C.; Oniv.
Tbadan, Nigeria
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. An., 34, 405-907; 1970
CALCAREOUS SOILS; ZINC HYDROXIDE; ZIHC;
ADSORPTION; SOILS; LANGMOIR EQUATION
Different calcareous soils (0.4-11.4X CaCO3,
0.09-1.16% organic matter) were shaken with
dilute ZnSO4 for 1 hour (2 g soil and 40 ml
ZnSOU), and the Zn remaining in solution was
•easured. Adsorption maxima, calculated by the
Langmuir equation, were correlated with CO3 and
organic-matter levels; when added Zn exceeded the
adsorption maxima, values of the (Zn) (OH) 2
product corresponded to the solub'.lity of Zn
hydroxide or carbonate, while at lower Zn
adsorption and/or in the absence of C03 the ion
product was equal to the solubility of Zn
silicate in the presence of amorphous Sio2 (about
1E-18 to 1E-19).
735
Metals from Privation to Pollution
Olmer, D.D.
Fed. Proc., 32(7), 1758-1765; 1973
HUMANS; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; LEAD; HEBCDHY;
REDISTRIBUTION; SOILS; BATER; AIB
736
Model for Environmental Transport of Automotive
Lead
Vaitkns, D.R.; Edwards, H.8.; Colorado State
University, fort Collins, CO 80521
Part of Edwards, H.S. (Ed.), Impact on Han of
Environmental Contamination Caused by Lead,
Interim Report, July 1, 1971-June 30, 1972 (p.
166-180) 241; 1972
HODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCOHOLATION; LEAD; ATMOSPHERIC
TRANSPORT; GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING; RASHOOT;
RAINOOT; MIGRATION; RETENTION; SOILS; AUTOMOBILE
EMISSIONS
Development of a model for short-range
environmental transport and accumulation of
automotive lead is an integral part of the
Colorado State Dniversity interdisciplinary study
of environmental lead pollution. Atmospheric
transport of lead from a highway and its removal
from the atmosphere by gravitational settling,
washout, and rainont are coupled to migration and
retention in soil. The mathematical model
consists of a system of linear, ordinary
differential eguations which quantitatively
interrelates the transport and accumulation
mechanisms. Numerical integration schemes were
employed to solve the system of equations. Input
consists of source characteristics,
meteorological parameters, and initial
conditions. Output consists of lead
concentrations, fluxes, and accumulations as
functions of space and time. Preliminary results
indicate that the system of eguations is
well-behaved, and output is consistent with
expected system behavior.
737
Model for Environmental Transport of Automotive
Lead
Vaitkns, D.R.; Edwards, H.R.; Johnson, G.R.;
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO; University
Computer Center; Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO
Part of Hemphill, D.D. (Ed.), Seventh Annual
Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, Held at Memorial Union, University of
Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, BO, June 12-14,
1973; 1973
HODEL; TRANSPORT; ACCOHOLATION; GRAVITATIONAL
SETTLING; iASHOOT; RAINOUT; MIGRATION; RETENTION;
HIGHiAY PROXIMITY; SOILS; AIR
Development of a model for short range
environmental transport and accumulation of
automotive lead is part of the Colorado State
Dniversity interdisciplinary study of
environmental contamination by lead. Atmospheric
transport of lead froa a highway and its removal
from the atmosphere by gravitational settling,
washout and rainout are coupled to migration and
retention in soil. The mathematical model
consists of a system of linear, ordinary
differential equations which quantitatively
interrelates the transport and accumulation
mechanisms. The model will be discussed in terms
of predictive capabilities and correlation with
experimental results from field measurements.
106
-------
738-742
738
The Distribution of Lead Along a Line Source
(Highway)
Vandenabeele, B.J.; Wood, O.L.; Dtah State
University, Department of Soil Science and
Biometeorology, Logan, OT 81321
Chemosphere, 5, 221-6; 1972
LEAD; SOILS; HIGHWAY PHOXIHITY; ADTOHOBILE
EMISSIONS; ADSORPTION; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOSETRY
The authors found, as authors have, that the
concentration of lead in soil decreased rapidly
vith distance away fro* the highway. In contrast
to other authors, they found lead not only on the
surface but at a depth of 10 cm. Experiments
showed that this could be caused by the use of
sodium-chloride for melting snow and also by the
low winter temperatures. As long as there are
available carbonates in the soil the lead will be
precipitataed; then much of the lead will ba
adsorbed. The adsorbed lead will be leached out
by a sodium chloride solution. A low temperature
(winter) reduces the amount adsorbed.
739
Isolation from Soil of Phenol-Utilizing Organisms
and Metabolic Studies on the Pathways of Phenol
Degradation
Varga, J.H.; Neujahr, H.Y.; Dep. Pure Appl.
Biochen., R. Inst. Technol., Stockholm, Sweden
Plant Soil (PLSOA2) , 33(3), 565-71; 1970
PHENOL; METABOLISM; SOILS; HICHOBES;
HICROOHGANISHS; BACTERIA; YEAST; FUHGI;
DEGRADATION; FISSION
Thirteen different strains of microorganisms (6
Bacteria, 3 yeasts, and U mycelial fungi) capable
of growing on phenol as d major carbon source
were isolated from soil. Oxidation of phenol and
catechol by these organisms was studied using the
manometric technique and the reaction products
were identified by spectrophotometry. In most of
the isolated strains the pathway phenol greater
than catechol greater than CIS, cis-muconate is
the main route of phenol degradation. In one of
the bacterial strains extradiol type of catechol
cleavage exists together with the intradiol ring
fission. In two of the strains the pattern of
oxygen consumption in the presence of phenol and
catechol indicated that catechol was not the
first or not the only intermediate in the
degradation of phenol by these strains. Spectra
of the oxidation products indicated the presence
of a reaction product different from either
degradation or alpha-hydroxy muconic
semialdehyde. washed cells from most of the
strains accumulated colored products (probably
guinones) when incubated with pheaol or catechol.
Research into Emission of Lead, Zinc and Fluorine
and the Resulting Danage Caused to Plants and
Animals
Vetter, H. ; Haehlhop, R. ; Landwirtsch. [Inters.
Forschungsanst., Oldenburg, Rest Germany
Landwirtsch Forsch, 2<» (3/U) , 29U-315; 1972
LEAD; ZIHC; FLUORINE; PLANTS; ANIMALS; FOMES;
GASES; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; SOILS; LIVER;
COPPER; BESOHPTION; DEGRADATION; METALS; TRACE
ELEMENTS
For 2 years, systematic research was carried out
by the Agricultural Research and Development
Institute in Oldenburg, West Germany in the field
of emission. The industrial emission in area I
enriched both soil and plants. This enrichment
was confirmed up to 12 km from the industrial
center. In the case of F, the enrichment
increase doubled from there to 700m from the work
center; Cu increased 10 times, Pb increased
50-120 times and Zn increased 100-150 times.
From this point to the industrial center, the
enrichment in the pasture increased (established
in November) up to 10 tines for F, up to twice as
much for Cu, up to 100 times as much for Pb aid
up to <40 times as much for Zn. The fumes and
gases emitted towards the eastern section
appeared to be of a different composition from
those which drifted westward, probably due to the
fact that they had to cross the moist air which
covered the river. There was considerable damage
caused to the growth of plants and animals by the
industrial emission distance of 3 km from the
industrial center. The damage was mainly caused
by Pb and Zn, probably also by F, or other
harmful materials, zinc harmed the animals
mainly by a degradation in the rate of Co
resorption. The resulting deterioration in the
Co supply for the cattle would be worse, were it
not for the fact that Cu was emitted. Other
materials, besides Pb, deteriorate animal health
and growth, and the marginal content of Pb in the
liver, which was taken as a measurement of the
extent of damage to animals, was probably lower
than usual. The overall damage per hectare to
the plants and animals, as a result of industrial
emission, was in the regions: (111)3-2 km
approximately 100X; (11)2-1.5 km approximately
250X; (1)1.5-1 km approximately 500X; and (la) up
to 1 km approximately 1000%. In the region I the
damage decreased rapidly with distance from the
factory. Region I was further subdivided:
(Ic)1.5 to 1.25 kilometers approximately 500S;
and (Ib) 1.25 to 1 kilometer approximately 750X.
The inner zone la and/or Ib caused damage to the
animals not only during the grazing time, but
also because of the increase of harmful materials
in the liver, in the subsequent stages when the
animals were on other pastures. Agricultural use
of zone la and Ib was not recommended. Zone IT,
may have temporary damages. Recommendations were
made on how to lower the damage caused by
emission. >
7«0
Stability and Behavior of Complexes of Copper,
Zinc, Iron, Manganese, and Lead with Humic
Substances of Soils
Verloos, M. ; Cottenie, A.; Fac. Agron. Sci.,
State Dniv., Ghent, Belgium
Pedologie(PEDOAE) 1972, 22(2), 17U-84; 1972
HUHATE STABILITY; TRACE ELEMENTS; PH; COPPEB;
LEAD; ZINC; MANGANESE; IRON; HOMOS; SOILS
7U2
Chemistry and Availability of Ricronutrients in
Soils
Viets, F.G.
J. Agric. Food Chen., 10, 17K-8; 1962
BICRONUTRIENTS; SOILS; CHEMISTRY; AVAILABILITY
107
-------
743-750
7K3
Distribution of Lead-210 And Radium-226 In
Certain Soils
Vilenskii, V.D.
Geokhimiia, 12, 1969, 1507-1510
DISTRIBUTION; LEAD; RADIOM; SOILS
The Geochemistry of Fare and Dispersed Chemical
Elements in Soils
Vinogradov, A.P,
Translated from Russian by Consultants Bureau,
Inc. New York; 1959
GEOCHEMISTRY; SOILS; DISPERSION
7U5
Effect of Natural Extracts Upon the Sorption of
Some Radioisotopes by the Soil
Volkova, N.Y.; Hakhonina, G.I.; litlyanova, A.A.
Pochvovedenie, 3, 52-57; 196U
STRONTIUM 90; RUTHENIUM 106; CADKIUH 115; CERIUM
1UH; CHELATION; RUBIDIUM 85; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
RADIOISOTOPES; BIRCH; PINE NEEDLES; ASPEN; BIRD
CHERRY; FERNS; LEAVES; PLANTS
A study was carried out of the desorbing
properties of some natural extracts (water
extracts from yellow leaves of aspen, birch, bird
cherry, ferns, and pine needles) in respect to
following radioisotopes; Rb 85, Sr 90, Ru 106, Ag
110, Cd 115, and Ce 111. All the above elements
increased their mobility under the influence of
extracts. It is supposed that the desorbing
effect of the extracts is connected with the
formation of soluble complex compounds of the
above metals with organic substances, the
desorption effect of extracts on Rb and Sr
depends upon the cations present in the extracts.
1.7 to 10.OS of the HSMA-carbon-11 was degraded
in nonsterile soil, as coapared with 0.7% in
steai-sterilized controls. Four soil
microorganisms isolated in pure culture degraded
from 3 to 20% of the MSMA-carbon-1U to carbon
dioxide-11 when grown in liquid culture
containing 10 ppm of MSMA and 1 gram per liter of
yeast extract. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
on silica gel G-coated plates effected the
separation of MSMA, arsenate, and arsenite. Only
arsenate and MSHA were detected after TLC of
extracts from the soil and microbial growth
experiments. These data indicate that soil
microorganisms are at least partly responsible
for MSMA degradation in soil.
7U7
Heavy Metal Contamination by Industrial
Imuission. Soil, Forage Plants and Cattle Livers
in the Nordenham Area
Wagner, K. H. ; Siddigi, I.; Institut fur
Ernahrungswissenschaft II der Oniversitat
Giessen, German Federal Republic
Naturwissenschaften (NAT»AY) , 60(3), 161; 1973
METALS; LEAD; EMISSIONS; MILLS; SOILS; PLANTS;
LIVER; CATTLE; FORAGE; CADMIDM; ZINC; DEFECTIVE
FILTERS; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; LEAD PLANTS
The Fb, Cd and Zn contents of the 0-5 and 5-10 cm
layers of soil and of the vegetation 0.75-2.5 km
away from a Pb plant with a defective
purification filter are tabulated. The Pb, Cd
and Zn contents of soil 2.5 km away were four
times those of ordinary soil, and the contents in
the vegetation were also very high.
7K8
Toxic Materials in Soil Amendments
Wagner, K.H.; Siddiqi, I.; Inst. Ernaehrungswiss.
II, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Naturwissenschaften (NATWAY) , 60(3), 160-161; 1973
SOILS; CARCINOGENS; COMPOST; HASTES; SLUDGE
7(16
Degradation of Monosodium Methanearsonic Acid by
Soil Microorganisms
Von Endt, D.W. ; Kearney, P.C.; Kaufman, D.D.;
Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research
Service, 0. S, Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Agricultural and Food chemistry, 16, 17-20; 1968,
January-February
MSMA; DEGRADATION; SOILS; ORGANIC ARSENICALS;
STERILITY; THIN LAYER CHROMATOGHAPHY; ARSENIC;
SODIUM HYDROGEN METHANEARSONATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY
Monosodium methanearsonic acid (MSMA) was chosen
as the model compound for a study of the
degradation of organic arsenicals in soil.
Comparison of evolved carbon dioxide-1M from four
sterile and nonsterile soils 60 days after
treatment with MSMA-carbon-11 showed that from
7U9
Dependence of the Lead Content of Plants on Lead
Concentration in Soil
Wagner, K.H.; Siddiqi, I.
Naturwissenschaften, 60(U), 200; 1973
BARLEY; ADSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; AIR; PLANTS;
LEAD; SOILS
750
The Effects of Horticultural Practices on Man and
His Environment
Walker, K.C.
Hortscience, 5(1), 239-2U2; 1970
PESTICIDES; PLANTS; NUTRITION; SALINITY; WATER;
SMOKE; SOILS; EROSIONS: HORTICULTURE
108
-------
751
where Have all the Toxic chemicals Gone?
Walker, W.H.
Ground Water, 11(2), 11-20; 1973, April
LEACHING; LEACHATES; MINE SHAFTS; REGULATIONS;
SOILS; LANDFILLS; UNDERGROUND
A general survey, illustrated with case histories
of the threat to water supplies ty the
indiscriminate disposal of toxic materials.
752
Microbial Versus Chemical Degradation of
Malathion in Soil
Wallace, A.; Mississippi Agric. for. Exp. Stn.,
Mississippi state Oniv., State College, Ms
J. Environ. Qual.(JEVQAA) 1973, 2(2), 229-32;
1973, May 15
BOTANY; HEALTH; SAFETY; PROGEESS REPORTS
Malathion degradation in 3 mississippi soils was
more rapid under non-sterile than under sterile
conditions, which indicates micrebial
involvement. Malathion degradation under sterile
conditions was taken to be chemical degradation.
Malathion was stable under neutral or acid pH
conditions, but was susceptible to hydrolysis
under alkaline conditions.
753
Behavior of Certain Synthetic chelating Agents in
Biological Soil Systems. Annual Progress Report
Wallace, A.
California Oniv., Riverside DSA. Dept. of Soil
Science and Agricultural Engineering, Contract
AT(OU-3)-3U. (DCB-3U-P-51-36) , 15 May, 1973;
1973, May 15
BOTANY.; PROGRESS REPORTS; CH ELATES
75»
Effects of Chelated and Nonchelated Cobalt and
Copper on Yields and Microelement Composition of
Bash Beans Grown on Calcareous Soil in a
Glasshouse
Wallace, A.; Mueller, R.T.; Dep. Soil Sci. Agric.
Eng., Riverside, Calif.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAiS) 1973, 37(6),
907-8; 1973
METALS; CHELATES; BEANS; EDTA; COBALT; COPPER;
IRON; SOILS; CALGARELLIS SOIL
755
Diffusion of Zinc in Soil. 2. The Influence of
Soil Bulk Density and Its Interaction with Soil
Moisture
Warncke, D.D.; Barber, S.A.; Purdue Dniveristy,
Lafayette, In
Soil Sci. Soc. AD., Proc. 1972, 36(1), i»2-«6; 1972
CHLORIDE; TORTUOSITY; SOILS; ZIHC; REDUCTIOH;
DIFFUSION; WATEB; SOIL BOISTORB
751-759
In 5 soils at 3 moisture levels the diffusion
path was least tortuous near 1.3 g/cm3. the order
of influence of soil bulk density on tortuosity
was 1.6 greather than 1.5 greater than 1.3 g/cm3.
soil bulk density interacted significantly with
soil mositure in affecting Zn diffusion
coefficients. At 20 and 30X moisture, the Zn
diffusion rate reached a maximum near 1.5 g/cm3.
as soil moisture increased, the reduction in the
effect on interaction of Zn with soil was greater
than the effect of tortuosity, in determining the
effective rate of Zn diffusion. When bulk density
increased from 1.5 to 1.6 g/m3 an increase in the
degree of interaction and tortuosity caused a
sharp decrease in the Zn diffusion coefficient.
756
Diffusion of Zinc in Soils. 3. Relation to Zinc
Adsorption Isotherms
Warncke, D.D.; Barber, S.A.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8) 1973, 37(3),
355-8; 1973
ZINC; DIFFUSION; SOILS; DESORPTION; CATIONS
EXCHANGE; CATION; BUFFERING CAPACITY
757
Bic Geochemistry in Canada
Warren, H.V.
Endeavour (Engl Ed) 31(112), U6-U9; 1972
REVIEW; PLANTS; MINERALS; LEAD; SOILS;
EICGEOCHEMISTRY
758
Variations in the Copper, Zinc, Lead and
Molybdenum Contents on Some Vegetables and Their
Supporting Soils
Warren, H.V.; Delavault, R.E.
Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 97-108; 1971
INDUSTRY; COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; MOLYBDENUM;
VEGETABLES; SOILS
759
Base Metal Pollution in Soils
Barren, H.V.; Delavault, R.E.; Cross, C.H.
Part of Hemphill, Delbert D. (Ed.). Proceedings
of University of Missouri, 3rd Annual Conference
of Trace Substances in Environmental Health.
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (p. 9-19)
391; 1970
METALS; SOILS
109
-------
760-766
760
Metal Pollution A Growing Problem in Industrial
and Urban Areas
Warren, H.V.; Delavault, H.E.; Fletcher, K.V.
Can. Min. detail. Bull. pp. 3
-------
767-772
767
Plant Anomalies Related to Some British Columbia
Ore Deposits
White, H.H.
Trans. Can. Inst. Mining Met. 53, 368-71; 1950
ORE; PROSPECTING; PLANTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; TREES-
ZINC; COPPER
The value of anomalous metal contents of trees as
an aid to the discovery of mineral deposits was
tested under field conditions on 1 knovn ore
deposits. Results indicate that a base-metal
deposit, or any deposit containing Zn or Cu,
casts a "metal shadow" into the overlying soil
which remains approximately positioned above the
deposit, regardless of the type of overburden or
the movement of ground H2O. The high content of
Zn or Cu in trees growing within the limits of
this shadow constitutes an anomaly which can be
detected and plotted in the field. CA ««, 1061«
(1950)
768
Mercury Levels in Soils of the Eastern Dnited
States
Wiersma, G.B; Tai, H.
Pesticides Monitoring Journal, 7 (3/U), 211-216;
197«, March
CROPLAND; SOILS; MERCURY
Cropland and noncropland soils were sampled to
determine levels of elemental mercury present in
the upper three inches of soj.1. Results showed
no difference in mercury levels between cropland
and noncropland soils. Levels detected compared
closely to levels found in similar studies.
Actual Dean levels of mercury residues in soils
of the eastern United States ranged from 0.05 to
0.10 ppm.
769
Inter Conversion of Chloroneb and
2.5-Dichloro-U-Methoxy Phenol by Soil
Microorganisms
Wiese, M.V.; Varga, J.M.
Pest Biochem. Physiol., 3(2), 21U-222; 1973
FUNGICIDES; STABILITY; METHYLATE; DEGRADATION;
SOILS; CHLORONEB; METHOXY; PHENOL; MICROORGANISMS
770
Lead in Soil and Plants
wiklander, L.; Institutionen for Harkvetenskap,
Avd. for Harklara, Lantbrukshogskolan, Uppsala,
Sweden
Grundforbattring, 2«(2) , 65-67; 1971
BTGflWAY PROXIMITY; LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; GRASSES;
AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; AIB
The Pb in grass and in the 0-1 ci layer of soil.
undisturbed after autumn cultivation, was
determined in samples collected at various
distances from a road in June and was compared
with the concentration in the 0-20 cm layer. The
Pb concentration in the surface soil began to
increase at «0 m from the road up to 9.5 and 33.1
ppm at 5.5 m for easily and difficultly soluble
Pb, respectively. The grass from the roadside
contained up to 567 ppm Pb.
771
Lead in Soil and Plants.
Vehicles
1. Influence of Motor
Hiklander, L.; Inst. Markvetenskap
Lantbrukshogsk., Oppsala, Sweden
Grundforbattring, 23, 163-169; 1971
LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; SNOB; WHEAT STRAW; SPRUCE;
TREES; HIGHWAY PROXIMITY; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS;
AIR; SOLUBILITY
The Pb content of snou
and of the top cm of s
atmospheric deposition
main road in Uppsala a
30-U5 m from it. The
cm was not affected by
The Pb contents of whe
spruce were high near
30 m respectively away
Gothenburg park expose
contained 12-117 ppm o
69-U25 ppm of total Pb
accumulated during winter
oil in spring showed that
of Pb was high close to a
nd reached a normal value
Pb content of soil at 10-15
distance from the road.
at straw and Norwegian
the road and normal 50 and
from it. The soil of a
d to heavy traffic
f easily soluble Pb and
772
Studies on the Sorption of Sodium Arsenate and
Sodium Arsenite by Soil and Snythetic Iron and
Aluminum Oxide
Wiklander, L.; Fredriksson, L.
Acta Agric. Suec'anc., 1, 345-376; 19U6
SODIUM ARSENATE; SODIUM ARSENITE; SYNTHETIC IRON;
ALUMINUM OXIDE; IRON; SOILS; ARSENIC; ARSENATE;
ARSENITE; SORPTION; SILICIC ACID
Different soils were shaken with known guantities
of arsenate and arsenite solutions,
ultra-filtered and the arsenic determined in the
filtrate. Sorption of arsenate was rapid and
reached eguilbirum within one day. Sorption of
arsenite was rapid to begin with, but was not
complete after 30 days, nor was it so strong as
with arsenate. Of the soils tested a brown earth
had the greatest sorption capacity for As and a
low-moor soil the least. The inorganic fractions
seemed to be more active sorting agents than the
organic. Pe203 was particularly active and
appeared to be the cause of a high sorption
capacity of the brown earth. Additions of Fe203
produced practically 100% sorption of both
arsenate and arsenite. Lining increased sorption
of arsenite greatly, and of arsenate slightly.
Sorption of arsenate, but not of arsenite, was
accompanied by liberation of varying quantities
of silicic acid apparently a process of anionic
exchange. There was no indication of any
oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, or of the
reverse reduction, in soil.
in
-------
773-779
773
Accumulation Lead in Soils and Herbage at
Rothamsted Experimental Station
Williaas, c.; Pedol. Dep., Rothansted Exp. Stn.,
Harpenden/Herts., England
J. Agr. Sci. (JASIAB), 82(1), 189-92; 197U
LEAD; HEHBAGE; SOILS; ACCUMULATION;
77U
Effect of Superphosphate on the Cadmiui Content
of Soils and Plants
Williams, C.; David, D.J.; Div. Plant Ind.,
Csiro, Canberra, Australia
Aust. J. Soil Ses. (ASOPAB) 1973, 11(1), 13-56;
1973
CADMIUM; SUPERPHOSPHATE; PLANTS; FERTILIZERS
775
The Use of Soil Extractants to Estimate Plant
Available Molybdenum and Seleniui in Potentially
Toxic Soils
Williams, C.; Thornton, I.
Plant Soil, 39(1), 1973, 149-159
EDTA; AMMONIUM ACETATE; PH; ORSANIC MATTER;
SOILS; MOLYBDENUM; SELENIUM; AVAILABILITY
776
A Preliminary Study of the Effects of High Levels
of Inorganic Lead on Soil Fauna
Williamson, P.; Evans, P.P.; Dep. Biol. Sci.,
Portsmouth Polytech., Park Road, Portsaouth,
Hamps., England
Pedobiologia, 13(1), 16-21
SOIL FAUNA; SPOIL HEAPS; MINES; ROADSIDE; LEAD
NITRATE; LEAD CHLORIDE POWDER; DISTRIBUTION;
LEAD; SOILS; FADNA
The soil fauna of spoil heaps near disused lead
mines, of roadside verges, and of plots treated
with lead nitrate solutions and lead chloride
powder were studied quantitatively. No (toxic)
effects of inorganic lead on the distribution and
abundance of different groups could be
demonstrated.
777
Removal of Plutonium 239, Tungsten 185 and Lead
210 from Soils
Wilson, D.O.; Cline, J.F.; Battelle-Northwest,
Richland, Washington
Nature, 209, 911-912; 1966, February
PLUTONIUM 239; TUNGSTEN 185; LEAD 210; SOILS;
ADSORPTION; PLANT UPTAKE
The plant-soil interrelationship of Pb 210, W
135, and Pu 239 was investigated. The amounts of
these radioisotopes removed from different soils
by plants and the effectiveness of several
extracting solutions in removing Pu 239 and W 185
from contaminated soils were determined. The
uptake of the radioisotopes by barley was soil
dependent. The activity in the extraction
experiments for the various soils tested was 0.1
uC/g dry soil. Barley grown in the different
soils accumulated only very small amounts of Pb
210 and less Pu 239, but W 185 was accumulated in
biologically significant amounts. The extracting
solutions removed more Pb 210 and Pu 239 from the
soil than did the barley.
778
Mercury Distribution in Estuarine-Nearshore
Environment
Windom, H.L.; Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography,
Savannah, GA
Monitoring Agency Report No. IDOE-73-37; Grants
NSF-GS-27916, NOAA-1-36009; 10p. J. of the
Waterways, Harbors and Coastal Engineering, ASCE,
V99 NWW2 Proc. Paper 9753 (257-26U); 1973, May
ABSORPTION; SEDIMENTATION; SALT MARSHES; GRASSES;
ESTUARIES; MERCURY; WATER; OCEAN; SEDIMENTATION;
UPTAKE; PLANTS
The transfer of mercury through an esturarine
system of the southeastern Atlantic coast to the
open ocean is controlled by: (1) mixing of
estuarine waters with off-shore waters; (2) loss
in plant detritus due to rafting offshore; (3)
migration of estuarine organisms to offshore
areas. An additional loss of mercury from the
estuarine system is due to sedimentation. A
budget of mercury for estuaries along the Georgia
coast indicates that the dominant salt marsh
plant, SPARTINA ALTERNIFLOBA, exerts a strong
control on the migration of this metal. Mercury
enters the estuary primarily in solution,
delivering approximately 1.5 mg annually to each
square meter of salt marsh. The annual uptake of
mercury by the plant is approximately 0.7 mg/m of
salt marsh.
779
The Chemistry and Toxicity of Arsenic in Soil
Woolson, E.A.
Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, MD,
University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., Order
No.; 70-11 650; 1970
ARSENIC; SOILS; IRON; ALUMINUM; ARSENATE;
PHOSPHATES; PH; LOAM; SANDY LOAM; SILT; LEACHING;
SAND; CALCIUM; BIOASSAY
As-contaminated soils were characterized for
their extractable Fe, Al and Ca contents, and the
water-soluble Fe, Al and Ca arsenates. They were
bio-assayed by the growth of maize which
indicated the As-toxicity level. Plant 'growth
reduction and extractable As (0.5 N NaHC03 for
soil pH greater than or egual to 6.5; 0.05 N HC1
and 0.025 N H2S01 for pH less than 6.5) were
linearly correlated (r equals 0.75). p added to
a Lakeland sandy loam increased the toxicity 3.1*
fold while it decreased the toxicity 2.6 fold in
a Hagerstown silty clay loam. This was
attributed to differences in the extractable Fe
content of the soils (7 times more in the
Hagerstown soil). Leaching a Dunkirk fine sand
containing 625 ppm As with 350 inches of 0.05 H
K-phosphate solution removed 77S of tl^e total As.
Before leaching, 58% of the As was pre'sent in
the soil as Fe-arsenate, 39% as Al- antl 3% as
Ca-arsenate. After leaching, 72% of the As left
was as Fe-arsenate, 19* as Al-arsenate, 5% as
water soluble and 1% as Ca-arsenate.
112
-------
780-783
780
The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity of Arsenic in
Soils: 1. Contaminated Field Scils
Woolson, E.A.; Axley, J.H.; Kearney, P.C.; Dept.
of Agronomy, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD 20702; Plant Science Research Division,
Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 35, 938-U3; 1971
ABSENIC; IRON; ALOMINUM; CALCIUM; TOLERANCE;
ARSENIC FIXATION; ARSENIC ACCUMULATION; RESIDUES;
PERSISTENCE; INSECTICIDES; HERBICIDES;
PHYTOTOXICITY; PHOSPHORUS; HDMUS; SYHPTOMOLOGY
Arsenic (As) residues on 58 surface soil samples
taken from soils with a history of As application
average 165 parts per million As, while nearby
soils not treated averaged 13 parts per million
As. Most of the residual As was found as
iron-arsenic (0.1N NaOH extractatle) by a
modified soil P procedure. Hater-soluble As (1N
NH1C1 extractable) was detected in soils from two
states. Other forms, aluminum- and
calcium-arsenic (0.5N NHtF and 0.5N H2SOU
extractable arsenic, respectively) , may
predominate if the amount of "reactive" aluminum
or calcium is high and reactive iron is low.
Bioassay of the contaminated and uncontaminated
soils showed a correlation of 0.7H between growth
reduction and total As and 0.82 with a summation
of As fractions. Plants were tolerant to large
arsenic applications (670 parts per million
arsenic) to soils which were high in reactive (1N
NaOH extractable) aluminum.
781
The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity cf Arsenic in
Soils: 2. Effects of Time and Phosphorus
Hoolson, E.A.; Axley, J.H.; Kearney, P.C.
Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 37(2), 25U-259; 1973
AHSENATE; SODIUM ARSENATE; SOILS; ARSENIC; CLAY
LOAM; LAKELAND LOAMY SARD; CORN; PHYTOTOXICITY;
LAKELAND SOIL; LEACHING; IBON; ALUBINOB; CALCIUM;
SILTY CLAY LOAN; LOAM; SILT; SAND; PHOSPHOBOS;
PLANTS
Arsenate from sodium arsenate changes to less
soluble compounds in soils with tine. To study
these changes, the arsenic soluble in 1 N NHUC1,
0.5N NHUF, 0.1N NAOH, and 0.5N H2SOU solutions
was determined. These dissolved arsenates were
designated as BS-AS (Hater Soluble), AI-AS,
FE-AS, or CA-AS, respectively. The percent of
iS-AS present was proportional to AS added and
inversely proportional to time, and to the Fe and
Al content. Fe-As was the predoiinant form of As
in Hagerstown silty clay loam while AL-AS
predominated in Lakeland loamy sand. Growth of
corn (Zea Mays) increased with increase in time
of as incubation in the soil before planting.
Arsenic phytotoiity and AS in the plant were
altered by P additions. Arsenic residues in the
Lakeland soil became more phytotozic, while
residues in the Hagerstown soil became less
phytotoxic with P additions. This plant response
was related to the availability of As and P in
these soils. Leaching with 0.05H KH2POU removed
77* of the total as from a contaminated Dunkirk
fine sand. The distribution of the forms of As
in this soil changed during leaching. (26
references)
782
Persistence and Reactions of Carbon 1U-Cacodylic
Acid in Soils
Hoolson, E.A.; Kearney, P.C.; Agricultural
Environment Quality Institue, Agricultural
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
20705
Environmental Science and Technology, 7 (1),
«7-50; 1973, January
ARSENIC; CACODYLIC ACID; SOILS; PERSISTENCE;
CABBON 11; CARBON; CONCENTRATION; AVAILABILITY;
ARSINE; ALKYL ARSINE; AEROBIC; ANAEROBIC;
DEGRSDATION; BIODEGRADABILITY
CarbOD-14-labeled cacodylic acid
(hydroxydiraethylarsine oxide) was prepared by
reacting 1Kcarbon-methyl iodide with methyl
dichloroarsine. Concentrations of 1, 10, and 100
parts per million of cacodylic acid were
established in three soils of varying iron and
aluminum content. At 2, i», 8, 16, 2H, and 32
weeks, soils were analyzed for ItCarbon and total
arsenic in the water-soluble (ws), calcium (Ca),
iron (Fe) , and aluminum (Al) fractions.
Initially, cacodylic acid was distributed in the
following fractions: ws» Al >Fe>Ca. After 32
weeks, the distribution was ws>Al>Fe>Ca. In
contrast, inorganic arsenate (5+) was largely
present in the Fe and Al fractions. Cacodylic
acid persistence was a function of soil type and
after 32 weeks the following amounts of llcarbon
were recovered in each soil type by combustion:
Christiana (23*), Hagerstown (53*), Lakeland
(62*) . A decrease in both total lUcarbon and
total arsenic occurred in all soils with time. A
pungent garlic odor was detected in soils
receiving 100 parts per million, suggesting the
production of a volatile alkyl arsine. The loss
cf arsenic suggests that one route of cacodylic
acid loss from aerobic and anerobic soils is by
alkyl arsine volatility. Degradation under
aerobic conditions also occurred by cleavage of
the carbon — As bond, presumably yielding C02 and
AsOU(3-). This degradation is presumably due to
microbiological action.
783
Arsenic Pollutants in the Ecosystem (Les
Polluants Arsenigue Dans le Systeme Ecologigue)
Hullstein, L.H.; Snyder, K.; University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah
Soil Sci. 116(5), 376-382; 1973
ARSENIC; PALMAR KERATOSES; NASAL MEMBRANES;
SELENIUM; BEER; TOLERANCE; RATS; BIOLOGICAL
TRANSFORMATION; SOIL NITROGEN; AHHONIFICATION;
NITRIFICATION; SMELTERS; EMISSIONS; PH;
NITROSOFICATION; SOILS; NITROGEN; ANIMALS; NOSE;
KERATOSES
Relatively high concentrations of arsenic and
total nitrogen and relatively low pH values on
soils near a smelter are thought to result froa
the uptake of smelter emissions. Nitrification
rates on such soils were reduced compared to
control soils and arsenic added to the controls
reduced their nitrification rates.
Nitrosofication of soils near the smelter were
lower than the controls but the addition of
arsenic to the controls did not change the rate
of nitrosofication. Ammonification rates of both
soils amended with both peptone and arsenic were
sinilar. There was an indication that added
arsenic inhibited amnoniun oxidation.
113
-------
784-791
78U
Model Surveillance for Cadmium Pollution
Yamagata, N. ; Ivashima, K.; Kuzuhara, Y.;
Yamagata, T.; National Institute Health, Tokyo,
Japan
Koshu Eiseiin Kenkyu Hokoku (KEKHA7) , 20(3),
170-186; 1972
CADMIUM; BIVEBS; HATER; PADDIES; SOILS; MODEI
785
Studies on Environmental Contamination by
Uranium. 3. Effects of Carbonate Ion on Uranium
Adsorption to and Desorption from Soils
Yamamoto, T.; Yunoki, E.; Yamakawa, M. ; Shimizu,
M.; Hyg. Lab. okayama Pref., Okayama
J. Eadiat. Res., 11(3), 219-224; 1973
URANIUM; CAFBONATES ION; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION;
SOILS; ALLUVIAL SOIL; SAND; VOLCANIC 4SH; UHANYL;
CARBONATE; STREAM WATER
Adsorption of uranium on soils and its desorption
from uranium adsorbed soils in the presence of
carbonate ion were examined by using three kinds
of soils; alluvial soil, sandy soil and volcanic
ash soil. The adsorption ratio of uranium for
each soil was approximately 100 per cent for the
mixtures of uranyl (1-50 microgramU/ml) and
solutions (0.3 - 109 nicrogran C03 ml). In the
uranium adsorbed soil (7.1 - 500 microgram U/g
air dried soil) with carbonate ion (4.3, 13.4
microgram/ml) , the desorption- ratio of uranium
for each soil was low (0.09 - 1. 2JS) . The
adsorption of uranium on soils and the desorptioc
from uranium adsorbed soils with stream water
were probably similar to those with carbonate
solution.
786
Effects of Environmental Conditions and the
Coadministration of Growth Retardants on the
Response of Sugarcane-M to Foliar Treatment with
Gibberellin
Yates, R.A.
Agron. J., 6U(1), 1972, 31-35
SOILS; MOISTURE; DALAPON; AZA; DRACIL; SUCROSE;
WATER
787
Combined Ion-Exchange Separation and Atomic
Absorption Determination of Heavy Metals in
Soils. I. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils
Yoneda, S.; Imamura, M.; Shigeuoto, H.; Kochi,
T. ; Univ. Okayama, Ofcayama, Japan
Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi (NIDHAX) 43 (8),
278-81; 1972
TRACE ELEMENTS; DETERMINATION; SOILS; ION
EXCHANGE; ATOMIC ABSORPTION; HEAVY METALS
788
Diagnosis of Environment Seen from
Soil-Pollution. The Present State of Soil
Pollution by Heavy Metals and Pesticides
Yoskiike, A.; Section of Soil and Pesticides for
Agriculture, the Environment Agency of the
Japanese Government, Tokyo, Japan
Kankyo Sozo (Environ. Creation), 1(1), 84-89; 197U
OHGANOCHLORINES; SOILS; AGRICULTURE; METALS;
TRACE ELEMENTS; BENZENE HEXACHL08IDE; CROPS;
PESTICIDES; POTATOES; CUCUMBERS; ALDHIN;
DIELDHIN; ENDRIN; REGULATIONS; BHC; DDT
The present state of soil pollution in Japan is
outlined. Soil pollution by pesticides used for
agricultural uses is attributed to persistent,
not-easily decomposed organochlorine
insecticides. These pollute the field soil, are
absorbed by the crops and in turn pollute the
agricultural produce. Instances of
crop-pollution through polluted soil are potatoes
and cucumbers produced in eight prefectures and
containing aldrin, dieldrin, and/or endrin more
than the standard value in 1970. Countermeasures
for soil pollution by pesticides include the
regulation of pesticides with severe restrictions
on the use of aldrin and dieldrin and prohibition
of the use of BHC and DDT. Pesticides applying
for registration will be held back if they are
persistent and pollute the soil. Fields polluted
by persistent pesticides are not recommended for
planting of vegetable crops such as cucumber and
Japanese radish, but can be used for growing
ornamental plants.
789
Separation of Lead-203
Yushkan, E.I.; lokhle'Son, S.B.; Rovinskii, F.Y.;
Sergeeva, E.I.; USSR
Radiokhim. Anal. Ob'Ektov Vnesh. Sredy (26UHAP)
1972, () 91-3; 1972
LEAD 203; DETERMINATION; PLANTS; SOILS; ASH
790
Changes of Copper Contents in Buck Soil as a
Result of Copper, Sodium EDTA and
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Fertilization on
its Properties Background
Zablicki, Z.; Inst. Glebozn. Melior, Akad. Roln.,
Szczecin, Poland
Zesz. Nauk., Akad. Roln. Szczecinie (2ARS A8) 1972,
9 (38) , 517-36; 1972
FERTILIZERS; COPPER; SOILS; MUCK; EDTA
791
Dynamics of Trace Elements in Liman Meadow Soils
of the Arid Zone of Central Kazakhstan
Zhukova, V.A.; Solodnikova, E.A.
Izv. Akad. Nauk. Kaz. SSR. Ser. Biol. Nauk. (1),
1972, 6-11
COPPER; ZINC; MANGANESE; COBALT; MOLYBDENUM;
BOEON; IRRIGATION; TRACE ELEMENTS; SOILS
114
-------
792-797
792
Lead in Soils and Plants
Zimdahl, R.L.; Colorado state University, Fort
Collins, CO 80521
Part of Edwards, H.H. (Ed.), Impact on Man of
Environmental Contamination Caused by Lead,
Interim Report, July 1, 1971-June 30, 1972 (p
98-123) 211; 1972
LEAD; SOILS: PLANTS; LANGMUIR; EQUATION;
SOHPTION; CATION EXCHANGE; HIGHWAY PROXIMITY;
AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; PH; UPTAKE; BEANS; CORN;
WHEAT; FOLIAR ADSORPTION; AVAILABILITY;
PERSISTENCE
Our work to data has shown that a major portion
of the lead emitted by automobiles traveling on
an interstate highway is deposited within 50 feet
of the highway. The lead does move downward in
the soil profile but at a very slow rate. Values
up to 1,000 ppm have been found adjacent to 1-25
north of Denver. The background lead level for
soils in the same area is approximately 22 ppm.
Soil sorption studies have shown that equilibrium
occurs within 18 hours. studies of seven
different soils with varying characteristics have
shown that the Langmuir sorption equation best
describes the process. That is, each soil shows
a maximum value for the sorption of lead. Our
data indicate that the capacity of the soil for
sorbinq or immobilizing lead is correlated with
the cation exchanqe capacity of the soil. This
effect is attenuated by pH which decreases the
capacity of the soil to sorb lead and in theory
should make the lead more available to plants.
Studies with plants grown in hydroponic culture
and then exposed to lead nitrate solutions have
shown that several different plants have a great
capacity to take up lead from solution. Soil
studies have shown a relationship between soil
lead levels and the amount of lead taken up by
the plant. The literature contains many papers
which attribute lead in the plant to foliar
uptake. We have developed an apparatus to
specifically expose plants to foliar lead.
Additional studies involving detached cuticle
have shown very little transport of lead across
the foliar cuticular barrier.
limited due to the sorptive ability of the soil.
Lead is taken up slowly by plant roots and may be
absorbed by foliage. Lead taken up from soil
generally remains in the root with little
translocation to the shoot. when plants are
ex posed to atmospheric contamination, most of the
lead remains as a topical coating of particles on
the foliage. Present lead levels associated with
crops are not generally sufficient to pose a
hazard to human or animal health.
791
Soil Fixation of Lead
Zimdahl, R.L.; Skogerboe, R.K.; Arvik, J.H.;
Colorado State Univ., Dept. of Botany and Plant
pathology. Fort Collins; Colorado State Univ.,
Dept. of Chemistry, Fort Collins
American Society of Agronomy, 63rd Annual
Meeting, New York, N.Y., August 15-20, 1971,
Abstracts, 119-50; 1971
HIGHHAYS; SOILS; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; LEAD;
CONCENTRATION; TRAFFIC; HIND; LEACHING
EXPERIMENTS; ADSORPTION; LANGMUIR EQUATION
The lead
highway
of lead
distance
and prev
ex peri me
movement
imnobili
complete
isctherm
level in soil
was investigat
was associated
from the high
ailing wind di
nts have confi
of lead in fo
zed rapidly by
in 18 hr. The
best describe
surrounding an interstate
ed. The soil concentration
with traffic volume,
way, depth in the profile,
rection. Leaching
rmed limited downward
ur soil types. Lead is
soil with adsorption being
Langmuir adsorption
s the process.
795
Determination of Maximum Complexinq Ability of
Hater Soluble Complexants
Zunino, H.; Peirano, P.; Aguilera, M.; Escobar, I.
Soil Sci., 111, 11U-116; 1972
HATER; DETERMINATION; COBPLEXANTS; HATER SOLUBLE
COflPLEXANTS
793
Lead in Soils and Plants; A Literature Review
Zimdahl, R.L.; Arvik, J.H.; Heed Res. Lab., Dept.
Bot. Plant Pathol., Colorado State Univ., Fort
Collins, CO
CRC Critical Rev. Environm. Contr. 3(2), 213-220;
1973
LEAD; SOILS; PLANTS; ATMOSPHERIC FALLOOT;
MOVEMENT; ROOTS; FOLIAGE; IBANSLCCATION; CROPS;
HEVIEH; AIR; SORPTION; UPTAKE; TOPICAL COATING
This paper reviews most of the literature
pertinent to the behavior of lead in soils and
plants. The natural lead content of the world's
soils averages 16 ppm, and the addition of lead
from atmospheric fallout increases this level
only imperceptibly. Lead movement in the soil is
796
Use of the Resin-Exchange Method for the
Determination of Stability Constants of
Metal-Soil Organic Matter Complexes
Zuniono, H.; Galindo, G.; Peirano, P.; Aguilera,
M.
Soil Sci., 111(3), 229-233; 1972
SOILS; RESIN-EXCHANGE; DETERMINATION; ORGANIC
MATTES
797
Significance of the Soil in Environmental Quality
Improveiient. A Review
Zwernan, P.J.; DeHaan, F.A.; New York Coll.
Agric. Life Sci., Cornell Oniv., Ithaca, NY
Sci. Total Environ. (SIEVA8) , 2(2), 121-155; 1973
115
-------
798
798
Copper in some Soils of Tadzhikistan
Zyryanova, A.N.; DSSP
Tr. Tadzh. Nauch.-Issled. Inst.
Pochvoved. (TPATJU) 1972, 15(1), 196-202; 1972
COPPER; TADZHIKISTAN SOILS; SOILS
116
-------
Abee, H. H. 60
Abros'kina, s.A. 435
Adaas, R.S. 580, 627
Aderikhin, P.6. 12
Aguilera, H. 795, 796
Ahr, w.H. 13
Aldin'yan, N.K. 14
Aizikovich, S.S. 264
Akagi, H. 15
Akhtyrtsev, B.P. 16
Aleshchnkin, L.V. 17
Aleti, A. 246
Alexander, 8. 18, 19, 47, 61, 93,
9<4, 1U6
Alger, G.B. 52
Allavay. B.H. 20, 129, 250
Allovay, B.S. 21
Anand, S.S. 657
Anastasla, F.B. 22
Anders, D.E. 23
Anderson, A.A. 24
Anderson, J.H. 24
Anderson, J.P. 25
Anderson, W.L. 26
Andecsson, A. 27, 28, 29, 443
Andrushchenko, G.A. 30
Anger. H. 724
Anochin, T.L. 31
Anspangh, L.B. 436
Antipov-Karotaev, I.H. 32
AntropoTa, Z.G. 89
Aoiine, S. 33, 34
Araki, K. 497
Ardakani, U.S. 689
Arieano, H. 35
Ariiger, t.H. 406
Acnott, J.T. 36
Arora, S.K. 37
Arrieta, L. 38
Arorkar, S.K. 39, 40
ArrLk, J.H. 793, 790
Asa.i. T. 41, 42
Ashton, W.H. 43
Aston, S.B. 44
Auerbach, S.I. 45
SECTION II
AUTHOR INDEX
Anssenac, G. 46
Austenson, H.H. 629
Austin, B.P. 86
Avschaloi, H. 99
Alley, J.H. 780, 781
Ayanaba, A. 47
Ayecs, J.I. 480
Babcock, K.L. 197, 198
Badanur, V.P. 48
Baes, C.F. 49
Baetge, H.H. 646
Baetsle, L. 50
Baetsle, L.H. 51
Baillod, C.B. 52
Baker, D.E. 53
Baker, ».E. 54
BalakoTa, V.C. 683
Bannink, D.«. 583
Bansal, O.P. 696
Barber, S.A. 298, 755, 756
Barnett, A.P. 55
Barnette, P.H. 343
Barnhisel, R.I. 202, 462
Barragna, I.E. 56
Barrow, H.J. 57
Bastisse, E.H. 58
Basa, A.H. 59
Batistic, L. 469
Bauer, «. 345
Banian, A. 60
Baatista, E.H. 61
Beai, H.B. 62
Beard, «.B. 589
Beath, O.A. 617
BeaTington, F. 63
Beckian, E.O. 64
Beak, B. 606
Beer, C.B. 65
Bahan, H.J. 524
Belrsdorf. 6.T. 407
Bell, L.C. 66
Belling, G.B. 341
Belova, I.T. 89
Belser, 1.0. 67, 130
Banco, 1. 60
117
Benders Kyi, R.M. 68
Benjaiin, I. 499
Benson, M.R. 69, 70
Berencsi, G. 320, 321
Berezneva, L.A. 71
Berg, M.H. 72
Berina, D. 73
Bertinuson, J.H. 74
Bertrand, D. 75
Bespalov, A.I. 76, 77
Beage, P. 611
Binghai, F.T. 78, 560
Bird, R.B. 79
Bisbjerg, A. 80
Bisbjerg, B. 81
Bishop, S.F. 82
Bittel, B. 83
Blair, W. 536
Blanc, F.C. 430
Blasco, F. 84
Blatter, C.L. 85
Bledsoe, B.E. 190, 191
Sleeker, P. 86
Blooifield, C. 87, 361, 362, 540
Blue, R.E. 295
Bloienthal, J.L. 559
Boast, C.R. 88
Bochkarev, T.H. 89
Bodenheiier, 0. 90
Boersia, L. 442
Bohn, H.L. 91, 734
Boischot, P. 92, 283
Bollag, J.H. 93, 94
Bolovina, ?.H. 76, 77
Bolter, E. 95
Bolriken, B. 402
Bondarenko, G.P. 96, 97
Bondietti, E.A. 98
Bonnean, S. 46
Booth, B.S. 45
Borak, T.B. 9^
Borgioli, A. 648
Borlan, Z. 35
Borneff, J. 100
Bornett, J. 101
-------
Bothbol, J.H. 579
Bonrnigall, E. 459
Boarodiios, E.L. 187
Boash. G.H. 065
Bovard, P. 102
Boven, H.J.H. 103, 104
Bover, D.L. 407
Brady. D. 105
Brandakov, V.P. 106
Branion, R.fl.B. 721
Breeze, V.6. 107
Breland, H.L. 216
Breiner, H. 108
Briceno, J.I. 109
Brinckian, P.E. 536
Brink, V.C. 218
Broadbent, P.E. 110, 111, 433,
599, 601
Brogan, J.C. 112
Bronsact, H. 113
Brover. D.L. 408, 409
Brovn, A.L. 114, 115, 116
Brown, H.J. 117
Brown, N.R. 126
Buatois, J. 421
Buchanan, G.A. 296
Buchauer, H.J. 118
Buketov, E.A. 119
Bunzl, K. 120
Burau, R.G. 197, 198
Burger, R.D. 187, 188, 581
BurilkoT, T. 121, 122
Burkitt, A. 123
Barton, L.K. 60
Butherus, D. 95
Byrne, J.E. 112
Calvin, B. 460
Cacfagno, D. 124
Carlisle, V.B. 607
Carlson, A. B. 372
Carolus, R.L. 125
Carter, D.L. 117
Carter, H.E. 126
Carter, R.L. 127
Carvajal, J.F. 109
Cary, E.E. 128, 129, 250
Castro, C.B. 67, 130
Chaberek, S. 131
Chaker, 1. 614
Chakravarti, S.K. 162
Chandra, S. 417
Chang, S.It. 549
Chase, G.B. 183
Chawala, E.P. 132
Chen, R. 95
Chesters, G. 713
Childress, J.D. 615
Chinn, S.B.F. 629
ChisholB, D. 133, 134
Chopra, S.L. 132, 135
Chough, U.S. 269
Chrenekova, B. 136, 306
Chreshire, B.V. 156
Chuah, H.H. 337, 338
Chubar, I.A. 697
Charkin, V.N. 106
Cigliotti, G.H. 150
Clark, A.I. 137
Clark, C.S. 74
Clarkson, T.S. 255
Cline, J.p. 777
Coello, i.F. 367
Cohan, T.L. 652
Colwell, R.P. 536
Cooper, J.S. 328
Copenhaver, E.D. 138
Cordukes, R.E 450
Corrin, H.L. 194
Cosby, H.L. 190, 191
Costescu, L.H. 139, 140
Cottenie, A. 141, 142, 528, 740
Cotilson, C.B. 143, 144
Conrpron, C. 145
Cox, D.P. 146
Crafts, A.S. 618
Crawford, D.V. 474, 475
Crocker, H. 663
Croessnann, G. 147
Crosby, J.l. 148
Cross, C.B. 759
Crowdy, S.B. 708
Cuiont, G. 149
Curry, B.C. 150
D'Croz, J. 724
D'ltri, F. H. 151
Dagley, S. 372
Dal Porto, D.F. 559
Daniel, J.i. 152
Danielson, L.L. 153
Das Kanungo, J.L. 162
Das, B. 135
Das, H.A. 228
Das, H. 135
David, D.J. 774
Davies, B.E. 21, 154, 155
Davies, B.I. 143, 144, 156, 257
Davydov, ».D. 476, 477, 478
Davson, J.E. 157
Day, B.E. 158
De Leval, J. 159, 160
De Lint, H.H. 705
De Segueira, E.H. 161
De Vries. H.P. 717, 718
De, S.K. 162, 416, 417
Deak, Z. 309
Dean, R.B. 163
DeGroot, A.J. 164
DeHaan, F.A. 797
Delas, J. 165, 166, 167
Delavault, R.E. 758, 759, 760
Deli, J. 168, 169
Delias, A-B. 568
Deionty, J. 159, 160
Deioranville, I.E. 172
DeHuibrui, L.E. 170, 171
Deubert, IC.H. 172
Deuel, L.E. 173
Deutsch, H. 174
Devel, L.E. 175
DeVore, G.H. 176
Dibbseva, A.V. 106
Dickens, H. 177
Djuric, D. 178, 366
Dnitriyev, T.A. 179
Dobrolyubskii, o,K. 180
118
-------
Dolgova, L.G. 181, 182
Doolittle. P.O. 23
Dorn, c.B. 183
Doyle, P. 218
Drake, C.H. 148
Drefahl, B. 387
Drobnikova, V. 184
Dcoese, B. 185
Drozdova, T.T. 186
Dr acker, H. 231
Da Plessis, S.F. 187, 188
Dueker, H. 6U6
Duhaiel, F. 60
DnnavaT, P.B. 45
Duncan, D.». 189
Dunlap, l.J. 190, 191
Darni, i.B. 192
Dasic, Z 212
Duarsia, E.K. 44
Dvi»edi. K.R. 655
Dzyaian, T.D. 30
Eachern, C.H. 82
Eagle, a. 605
Eda, S. 193
Eddings, J.L. 116
Edvards, H.H. 194, 736, 737
Ehian, P.J. 195
Bhrlich, H.L. 196
Ekian, P. 447
El Halfavi, H. 469
Bl-Sayed, H.B. 197, 198
El-slssy, L. 376
Elenbogen, k.H. 384
Elgabaly, H.H. 199
Elgavhary, S.H. 200
Ellseeva, B.A. 453
Ellis, B.6. 201
Ellis, J.B. 202
B«ig, O.K. 203
England, C.B. 204
Enkec, P.B. 318
Epstein, E. 205
EreieeY, i.D. 577
Eraanova, T.i. 683
Enolenko, M.F. 206
Ernst, ». 207
Broshicheva, H.L. 557
Er»io, B. 413
Escobar, I. 795
Essington, E.H. 208, 542
Estepp, B. 363
Bstes, G.O. 209
Btzal, J.B. 766
Brans, P.B. 776
Swing, B.B. 614
Pabljanski, J. 185
Pairian. H. 99
Fajnor, V. 210, 461
Farkasdi, G. 100, 101
Pedoseeva, G.E. 584
Peige, R. 211
Feller, L. 595
Fenton, fi.L. 148
Flllp, I. 719
Fillpovlc, Z. 212
Fink, D.H. 213
Finn, B.J. 449
Flsenne, I.H. 214
Flshbeln, L. 215
Fiskell, J.G.A. 216
PisyunoY, ».T. 217
Fltchko, J. 317
Flail, I.G. 215
Fleilng, G.». 112
Fletcher, K.V. 218, 760
Fllppin, B.S. 682
Follett, B.B. 219
Fontanges, B. 421
Fortlni, S. 220
Frahl, J. 221
Frank, B. 668
Fraser, D.C. 222
Prauenthal, H.I. 573
Fredrlksson, L. 772
Preiberga, G.T. 223
Frere, H.H. 224
Priberg, L. 225, 443
Frlssel H.J. 582
Frlssel. H.J. 226. 227, 228, 583,
606
Frost, D.V. 229
Fry, ».E. 230
Pujlhara, R.P. 231
Fajlioto, T. 232, 762
Fakayaia, T. 233, 234
Pulkerson, R. 138, 235
Puller, R.H. 236
Fungaroli, A.A. 237, 644
Purnica, G. 238
Fnrukava, K. 239, 720
Gadde, B.R. 240, 241
Gal, H. 535
Galba, J. 242, 243, 244, 305, 306,
585
Galbraltb, J.B. 245
Gale, H.L. 246
Galindo, G. 796
Gall, O.E. 343
Galstyan, A.S. 247
Gaible, D.S. 419
Ganje, T.J. 248. 561
Ganzhara, N.F. 353
Garcia, J.L. 249
Garland, T.R. 231
Gaudin, C. 84, 327
Geerlng, B.B. 250, 302
Centner, H.A. 153
Getzln, L.W. 251
Ghanei, I. 376
Glliour, J.T. 252
Glssel-Hielsen, G. 128
Glssle-Mlelsen, G. 80
Glathe, B. 100, 101
Gllnski, J. 253, 254
Glashchenko, T. 258
Godt, K.J. 677
Godzlk, S. 263
Goeller, H.E. 235
Goh, K.H. 709
Goldvatec, L.J. 255
GoloTleT, B.L. 670
GoloTleTa, L.I. 670
Golver, A. 256
Goaah, A.B. 257
Goodian. G.T. 610
119
-------
Gordienko, S. 258
Goring. C.A. 259
Gonlding, B.L. 260
Goven, S.J. 525
Govorenko, B.F. 261
Grahai-Bryce, I.J. 156, 262
Grahai, E.B. 137
Gran by, 1. 102
Grant, L.O. 19»
Greszta. J. 263
Grez. 8. 36
Grigor'ev, H.A. 264
Grille, B. 265
Griiier, G. 266
Groffo, G.I. 681
Groiov, v.v. 684
Groiova. E.A. 267, 593
Gross, S.G. 268
Groves, K. 269
Gschvind, J. 576
Guidiksen, P.H. 036
Gullstrand, c. 733
Gunner, H.B. 270
Gun the i:, F.A. 731
Gupta, O.c. 271, 272
Gater, K.J. 680
Haghiri, F. 273
Hahne, H.C.H. 27H, 275
Rajek, B.F. 296
Hall, E.S. 276
Halstead, B.L. 449
Haiaker, J.H. 277, 679
Haiaker, J.W. 259, 278
Raiby, K.O. 436
Hansen, E.R. 638
Hanzlik, J. 279
Bardie, J.C. 246
Hargrove, T.R. 280
Harris, P.F. 685
Rartian, L.H. 194
Rartians, J. 291
Hassan, R.H. 375, 376
Hasselrot, T.B. 281, 282
Hassett, J.J. 346
Raaser, E.H. 55
Bavkes. R.E. 609
Robert, J. 92, 283
Heiibrook, H.B. 284
Heinisch, B. 285
Helfferich, F. 286
Heller, L. 90
Helveg, A. 287, 288
He*, J.D. 192, 289, 290
Helices, o.J. 291
Be.phill, D.D. 95. 292
Heydeiann, k. 293
Bibbard, P.L. 294
Hiis, V. 730
Rildebrand, E.E. 295
Bildebrandt, ». 266
Hiltbold, A.E. 177, 296, 340
Hilton, H.B. 297
Biles, P.L. 298
Hock, t.K. 299
Hodgson. J.P. 300. 301. 302. 303,
304, 440, 716
Hoefner, R. 636
Bolasek, I. 390
Bolladay, J.H. 55
Holies, P.L. 155
Holiquist, K.l. 733
Rolobrady, K. 136, 305, 306
Boneysett, J.L. 717, 718
Hoogendijk Deatsch, S.V. 307
Hoover, i.L. 480, 481
Horak, 0. 308
Borvath, A. 309
Borvath. D.J. 310
Boaghton, F.D. 209
Bovard, J.B. 311
Bovard, P.i. 480, 481
Hoyt, P.B. 312, 313
Hnber, I. 308
Hueck, R.J. 314
Hnffian, C., Jr. 488
Buljev, D. 695
Bant, P. 315
Hatchinson, T.C. 139, 140, 316,
317
Bratai, 0.0. 402
Ikata, R. 463
Ilnitskf. »-P- 652
IlyaletdinoT, l.B. 318
Iiai, T. 399
Iiainra, H. 787
Iipens. B. 319
lire, B.A. 320, 321
Inignez, H.J. 56
Inoue, K. 34
lokhle'Son, S.B. 789
Ishikawa, H. 385
Ishiioto, H. 233
Ito, S. 464
ITahno, L. 258
IranoT, D.H. 558
IversoD, R.P. 536
Ivai, I. 678, 679
Ivaii, F. 99
Ivashiia, K. 784
Iyer. J.6. 322
Jackson, R.L. 170, 171, 483
Jackson, (I.P. 323
Jacob, J. 266
Jacobs, L.H. 324
Jain, B.K. 666
Jaies, C.H. 325
Jaiison, ?.c. 326
Jean jean, R. 84, 327
Jenkins, S.H. 328
Jenne, E.A. 329, 330
Jennett, A. 246
Jennings, A.B. 331
Jenny, H. 199
Jensen, S. 332
Jernelov, A. 332
Johansson, G. 333
John, U.K. 334, 335, 336, 337, 338
John, R. 339
Johnson, G.B. 737
Johnson, L.B. 340
Johnstone, D.L. 148
Jones, G.B. 341, 342
Jones. H.i. 343
Jones, L.H.P. 250
Joshi, M.S. 561
Jovandic, P. 344
120
-------
Jurinak, J.J. 115. 345, 346, 347,
411
Kabata-Pendias, A. 3i»8, 349. 350,
Kader, G.B. 16
Kaifer, R. 339
Kaliet, R. 730
(Canada, K. 496
Kanunnikova, 0.4. 352
Ran»ar, J.S. 600
Kacdos, l.T. 360
Karveta, S. 564
Kato, B. 385
Katsuki, H. 531
Ratsusi, F. 701, 702, 703, 704
Kaufman, D.D. 746
KaaricheT, I.S. 353, 354
Kawabe, T. 233
Kawahara, I. 232
Kavazoe, A. 355
Kaye, S.V. 45
Kazantzis, G. 356
Kearney, P.C. 357, 358, 359, 746.
780, 781, 782
Keaton, C.H. 360
Kee, H.S. 361, 362
Reefer, R.P. 363
Keener, D.R. 321, 686, 687
Keith, J.R. 36U
Kelso, W.L. 87
Reaper, H.D. 200, 303
Render, w.J. 22
Kennedy, H.?. 690
Kereszteny, B. 365
Kerin, D. 366
Kerin, P. 366
Khan, n.A. 367
Khan, S.O. 368, 639
Khanna, S.S. 369
Khare, H.H. 186
Rharitonova, A.P. 370
Kheslna, A.T. 584, 652
Khoichak, B.I. 68
Khcistenko, 6.S. 625
Kick, H. 371
Kiekens, L. 142
Kilgore, ».«. 372
Kiiaca, K. 698
King, L.D. 373, 706
Kinniburgh, D.G. 374
Kishk, F.H. 375, 376
Rlellstcand, A.H. 733
Kjellstroi, T. 225, 443
Klee, J. 676
Klein, D.H. 377
Klein, I. 387
Rleinheipel, D. 378
Kloke, A. 379
Knezek, B.D. 201, 426
Knoll, K.C. 380
Rnoop, 8.E. 209
Knovles, C.O. 39, 40
Knox, J.R. 323
Kobayashi, J. 381, J82, 383
Kochacyan, A.G. 384
Kochi, T. 787
Kodaica, K. 385
Koellikec, J.R. 65
Kogan, I.L. 653
Koizuii, S. 703
Kokoto*, T.A. 386
Ropaeva, B.T. 12
Rorte, P. 387
Koshino, fl. 388
Koshino, S. 389
Kosoorotova, F.P. 77
Kosorotora, P.P. 76
Kostnet, G. 390
Kothny, B.L. 391
Kozel, J. 392
Kozhaca, V.L. 393
Krenkel, P.A. 605
Krone, B.B. 472
Kroontje. ». 274, 275
Kcoatz, B.A. 116
KrapenikoT, I.A. 394
Krapinski, A. 254
Kabota. K. 233, 234
Kochia, V.R. 182
Kulebakin, T.6. 395
unlikoT, 8.?. 396, 397
Kunte, B. 100, 101
Kunanaliev, K.K. 697
Kurokava, T. 531
Kurtz, l.T. 398
Kusaka, S. 399
Kuzuhara, T. 784
Rvenvolden, K.O. 400
Laaaanen, A. 401
Lag, J.R. 402
Lagecwerff, J.V. 403, 404, 405,
406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 714
Lai, S.H. 346, 411
Laitinen, H.A. 240, 241, 602
Lakanen, B. 412, 413
Lakin, H. 414
Lakin, B.R. 415
Lai, S. 416, 417
Laibert, S.B. 418
Lain, C.G. 527
Lang ford, C.B. 419
Langille, i.B. 451
Langiair, D. 420
Laptev, S.P. 395
Le Peintre, B. 555
Le Sal, P. 421
Le Tacon, P. 46
Leaf, A.L. 36
Learner, R.E. 579
Lee, G.P. 422
Lee, J.A. 423
Lee, J.!. 616
Lee, R.E. 424
Lee, 1.8. 629
Leendertse, J.J. 425
Leep, R. 426
Leeper. G.8. 427
Lefebvce, C. 428
Lehian, G.S. 429
Lehr, J. 83
Leighton, I.i. 430
Lepple, F.K. 431
Lester, P. 123
Letey, J. 550
Lewis, A.G. 432
Leuis. D.A. 143, 144
121
-------
Lents, T.E. 433
Leiden, B.F. 434
Lichtensteln, E.P. 25
Lieber, H. 573
Lifshits, G.H. 435
Lightfoot, E.». 79
Lind, B. 443
Lindeken, C.L. 436
Lindsay. D-L. 200, 219, 303, 304,
437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 545,
546, 548
Lindstroi, F.T. 442
Linn man, L. 443
Lisk, D.J. 444
Little, P. 445
Locascio, S.J. 216
Lucas, R.E. 446
Londblad, K. 447
Londergardh, P.H. 448
Lnzanyi, L. 321
HacGregor, J.B. 580
Hackay, D.C. 272
BacLean, A.J. 449, 450
HacLean, K.S. 451
BacPhee, A.H. 134
(laeda, T. 678
Baehlhop. R. 741
Haes, ». 50
Hagnolia, L.R. 452
Hahtab, S.K. 482
Hakarova, S.V. 453
Makhonina, G.I. 745
Bakhova, N. 457
flaliszevska, ». 454
flallick, 1C.A. 455
Daly, V. 392
Balyaga, D. 456, 457
HaiyshoT, B. 458
Bargulis, H. 459
Harienfeld, C.J. 292
Bartell, A.E. 131, 460, 662
Martens, D.C. 522
Hartin, B.H. 445
Martin, H.W. 624
Bartin, W.P. 627
Basar, J. 210, 461
Bassey, H.F. 462
Hatsuda. K. 463, 464
Batstnara, F. 465
Hatsano, T. 466
Satthes, D. 467
Batthess, G. 256, 468
Batthey, G. 467
Baurer, J. 321
Baushart, B. 60
Bayandon, J. 469
Bayer, L.E. 24
Bayer, R. 470
Hazina, E.I. 71
BcCaull, J. 471
BcGaahey, P.B. 472
BcHenry, J.B. 473
BcKenzie, J.O. 342
BcKenzie, B. B. 711
BcLaren, B.C. 474, 475
BcHabb, J.F. 190, 191
Meadows, J.S. 436
BedvedeT, V. A. 476, 477, 478
BedzhiboTskaya, Z.E. 484
fleela, O.P. 479
Behta, B.V. 566
Belfi, A.J. 569
Belin, J. 614
flelsted, S.H. 398, 537
Belton, J.B. 480, 481, 482
flenzel, B.G. 483
Her en yak, G.V. 484
Besier, B.E. 49
Beyer, J.G. 485
Beyer, R.A. 486
Beyer, R.J. 213
BichailOTa, L. 121, 122
Bichna, L. 487
Biesch, A.T. 488
Biettinen, J.K. 489
Bikhailo»a-Doche»a, L. 490
Bikhailova, A.I. 491
Biles, J.K.9. 492
flilhaud, G. 493
Billar, B.L. 230
Biller, H.H. 682
Billec, B.H. 494, 495
Biller, U.S. 252
Binagava, B. 496
Hinaii, K. 497
Bink, L.L. 498
Bisato, T. 465
Bisra, S.G. 499, 500, 501, 502,
503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508
Bitchell, B.L. 509, 510, 699
Biyaioto, S. 628
Hizano, H. 511, 698
Boavad. A.B. 512
Bolcbanova, I.V. 513
Bonk, B. 575
floraghan. J.I. 514
Borii, F. 382, 383
BOEishita, T. 515
Bocris, B.D. 373, 706
Bocrison, J.L. 516
Borrison, S.fl. 284
Bortensen, J.L. 517
Bott, C.J.B. 518
Bozhai, B.L. 519
Beak, E.B. 520
Hueller, E. 611
Bueller, B.T. 754
Bukherjee, S.K. 59
Balder, E.G. 521
Holford, F.H. 522
Banshover, F.F. 523, 524
flaraioto, S. 382, 383
Burphy, H.J. 525
Murphy, B.S. 526
Nafady, B.H. 527
Hair, C.K. 157
Hair, K.P.P. 528
Hakajiia, K. 529
Hakaiura, B. 232, 762
Hakaiura, T. 530
Hakano, H. 531
Hakashiia, S. 382, 383
Halivkin, I.V. 532
Nalukova, V.O. 684
Hanba, T. 533
Hanbo, ». 533
122
-------
HainanD, K. 534
Nauiova, i.p. 684
Na»rot, J. 535
Nelson, D.J. 45
Nelson, J.D. 536
Nelson, J.L. 537
Nelson, R.E. 538, 539
Nesbitt, J.B. 526
Neujahr, H.T. 739
Neman, L.T. 138
Ng, S.K. 540
Nickless, G. 123
Nikitina, B. 457
Nilsson, K.O. 28, 443
Nisbet, I.C.T. 541
Nishita, H. 208, 542
Nissen, T.V. 543
Nordberg, 6. 225
Norvell. R.A. 302, 440, 441, 544,
545, 546
Nosbers, B. 371
Nose, K. 547
Nyborg, H. 312, 313
Nye, P.B. 624
O'Connor, G.J. 548
O'Bara, 8, 549
Oddson, J.K. 550
Odo, C.T. 551
Qgava, T. 710
Ogari, B. 679
Oh, W.K. 552
Ohlcogge, i.J. 494, 495
Ohio«o, T. 553
Ohtani, B. 399
Oldhai. R.K. 554
OliTier, H.R. 555
Oliedo, J. 556
Olsen, S.R. 548
Orlo», D.S. 557
Orlo»a, L.P. 558
Ott, J.B. 111
Ottlnger, R.S. 559
ozerova, ».». 14
Page, ».L. 78, 248, 560. 561
Pakhotina, H.S. 562
Palecka, H. 563
Paluch, J. 564
Pandey, B.S. 500
Panegue, G. 556
Parochetti, J.v. 565
Pashinkin, «.s 119
Patel, C.A. 566
Patterson, J.B.E. 567
Pedro, G. 568, 569
Peirano, P. 795, 796
Pel'tser, ». S. 570
Peny, J. 421
Perhac, R.H. 571
Perkins, H.F. 572
PerlBatter, N.B. 573
Perry, J.J. 62
Pesson, P. 574
Peterson, B. 400
Peterson, B.B. 575
Peterson, J.B. 576
Petrova. N.I. 577
Petranina, N.S. 578
Phillips, E.E. 183, 202
Pierce, ».P. 579
Pierce, J.O. 183, 292
Pietz, B.I. 580
Pilevskaya, K.B. 435
Piientel, D. 372
Pinault, L. 493
Pinta, H. 608
Piotrovska, H. 87, 351
Piscator, B. 225
Plessis, S.F. 581
Podyiov, B.P. 394
Poelstra, P. 226, 227, 228, 582,
583, 606
Poglazo*a, B.N. 584
Polacek, S. 585
Pollock, G.E. 400
Pollock, S.J. 586
Ponder, F. 587
Popova, B.P. 386
Popova, T.P. 588
Porter, L.K. 589
Porter, P.E. 418
Posner, k.n. 66, 323
Pospisilova, V. 184
Presant, E.«. 590
Price, K.R. 591
Procter, J. 592
ProkhoroT, V.n. 593
Pur»es, D. 594
Pntnai, i.R. 125
Quentin, K.E. 595
Qaestel, J.H. 596, 597
Quirk, J.P. 66
Babinovitz, H. 598
Badecki, A. 185
Bahn, K. 339
Bainarine, i. 432
Bandhava, M.S. 479, 599, 600, 657
Bandhava, N.W. 601
Bao Gadde, B. 602
Bathburn, C.B. 603
Bautapa, J. 604
Beddy, B.S. 292
Beichle, D.E. 45
Beifenstein, H. 285
Beiiers, B.S. 605
Beiniger, P. 226, 227, 228, 606
Belter, B.B. 194
Benberga, L. 73
Beneau, B.B. 607
Blandey, C. 608
Riceian, D.S. 342
Richardson, P.». 609
Boberts, T.H. 610
Bobinson, i.E. 23
Bobinson, H.H. 297
Boesler, B.J. 611
Bohleder, K. 612
Bolfe, G.L. 613, 614
Boiney, E.R. 615
Bose, J.B. 682
Bosehart, B.G 616
Bosenfeld, I. 617
Bosenfels, B.S. 618
Boslyakov, R.a. 619
Rosopnlo, ». 676
Boss, B.G. 620
123
-------
Rotini, O.T. 621
Rontson, B.C. 622, 623
Rovinskii, F.r. 789
Rovell, D.L. 624
Rndin, V.D. 625
Ruiz, H.R. 125
Runnells, D.H. 626
Rust, H.B. 627
Ryan, J. 628
Saas, i. 102
Saha, J.G. 629
Said, H.B. 630
Saifci, S. 553
Saleei, Z.». 367
Sand, P.F. 631
Sansoni, B. 120
Santy, H.J. 559
Sapek, i. 632
Sargent, H. E. 633
Sarofii, A.F. 541
Sasaki, K. 531
Saachelli, V. 634
Sawyer, T. 668
Scalf, S.R. 190, 191
Schaip, M. 635
Schaccer, K. 636
Schaob, S.A. 680
Schieferstein, R.E. U18
Schiefnec, K. 309
Schneider, W. 256
Schnitzer, H. 637, 638. 639, 640,
641, 642, 643
Schoenberger, B.J. 644
Schoettler, 0. 645
Scholefield, P.G. 596, 597
Schreiber, L.R. 299
Schroeder, B.C. 331
Schucht, F. 646
Schver, tl. 647
Sebastian!, L.X. 648
Sedlet, J. 99
Sekizava, N. 389
Sequeira, E.H.D. 649
Sequi, P. 650
Sergeeva, E.I. 789
Secne, R.J. 622
Servant, J. 651
Shabad, L.H. 652, 653, 651-
Shanker, H. 655
Shanks, C.H., Jr. 251
Shateiirov, S.K. 697
Shcherbak, H.P. 652
Shigeioto, H. 787
Shiiizu, H. 785
ShirokoT, V.V. 656
Shoakry, K.S.H. 673
Shakla, O.C. 657
Shnian, F.L. 690
Shuian, L.R. 658
Siddigi, I. 747, 748, 749
Siegel, O. 659
Sieis, P.L. 245
Sillanpaa, H. 660, 661
Sillen, L.G. 662
Si»er*an, P.». 663
Siaonetti, i.D. 648
Si»s, J.P. 78
Sinclair, J.B. 486
Singh, H. 37, 664
Singh. R. 665
Singh, S. 666
Singhal, J.P. 665
Sinha, U.K. 667
Sirons, G.J. 668
Sir, I. 669
Skinner, S.I.H. 640, 641, 642, 643
Skogerboe, R.K. 794
Skcyabin, G.K. 670
Slayton, S.H. 322
Siart, N.i. 671
Siierzchalski, L. 185
Siirnov, G.i. 652, 672
Siith, R.J. 673
Snyder, E.B. 674
Snyder, K. 783
Snydec, U.S. 60
Soedergren, ». 675
Solodnikova, E.i. 791
Sosmer, G. 676
Soneneyer, K. 677
Sonoda, T. 678, 679
Sorber, C.I. 680
SoTeri, J. 681
SpangleE, R.J. 682
Specht, A.I. 406, 410
Spigarelli, J.L. 682
Spiridenov, F.H. 684
Spitsyn, V. 683, 684
Stan, S. 35
Stanislavskaya, T.K. 435
Stankoric, B. 212
Stack, H.B. 685
Steepens, D.R. 686, 687
Sieger, H.P. 688
SteTens, L.J. 631
Stevenson, F.J. 369, 689
Stewart, O.K.R. 620
Stewart, P.L. 26
Stewart, D.E. 79
Stockard, D. 442
Stojanoric, B.J. 690
Stone, B. 450
Stones, T. 691, 692, 693, 694
Storhal, P. 695
Strizhova, G.P. 394
Stroehlein, J.L. 628
Struchteieyer, R.A. 205
Sundd, O.K. 696
Snrgai, V.T. 697
Suzuki, H. 553
Suzuki, S. 698
Suzuki, T. 239
svanberg, 0. 447
STirezhe», J.H. 31
SvishchaTa, V.I. 106
Svaine, D.J. 699
Sweeton, F.H. 98
Swift, R.S. 323
Swoboda, ».R. 173, 175, 482
Syers, J.K. 324, 374
Synder, E.B. 277
szalonek, I. 761
Tai, H. 631, 768
Takabatake, E. 15
Takakura, B. 700
124
-------
Takezava, K. 704
Takiji.a. T. 701> 702, 703, 704
Ta««es, p. H. 705
Tan, K.H. 706
Tana ha shi, T. 707
Tanton, T.R. 708
Tap. R. 582
Tarantola, H.H. 220
Tate, K.S. 709
Tatsukava, R. 710
Taylor, A.R. 714
Taylor, H.H. 711
Thoias, G.R. 213
Thomas, J.R. 712
Thoiposon, J.H. 278
Thompson, S.O. 713
Thome, D.R. 347
Thornton, I. 775
Tiffin, L.O. 714
Tiller, K.G. 715, 716, 717, 718
Tinline, R.D. 629
TitlyanoTa, A. A. 745
Tivaki, B.C. 501
Tivari, B.C. 502, 503, 504, 505,
506, 507, 508
Tjurjokanov, l.R. 31
Todorovic, Z. 719
Toler, L.G. 586
Tonoiara. K. 239, 720
Tor«a, A.B. 721
Toth, S.J. 434
Tozana, K. 722
Traynor, a.F. 426
Treiian, A. A. 723
Treiblay, J.J. 724
Tcierveiler, J.F. 304
Tao. T.C. 725, 726
Tsnro, S. 727
TsyplenkoT, T.P. 728
Tucker, T.C. 734
Tollock. B.J. 729
Tapper, ».H. 590
Tarbas, E. 730
Turdokeev, I.D. 697
Twata, I. 731
Tyler, S. 732, 733
Odo, E.J. 734
Dgorets, H.Z. 119
Ulier, D.D. 735
Olrikson, 6.0. 138
Diehara, A. 530
Orakaii, T. Nishizaki, H. 383
Orbanyok, ».P. 386
Taid, U.K. 37
Vaitkus, D.R. 736, 737
Tan Dec Klogt, H. 582, 583
Tan taerhOTen, C.J. 337, 338
Tandenabeele, ».J. 738
Targa, O.K. 739, 769
Tasil'ev. T.H. 654
Tenkata Rao, B.T. 48
Terloos, H. 740
Terstraete, I. 47
TetroT, E.B. 684
Tetter, H. 741
Tiets, F.G. 742
Tilenskii, T.D. 743
Tlnogrado*, K.f. 744
VlasoT, K.i. 491
Tlasova, Z.G. 318
Tolkova, H.T. 745
Ton Bndt, D.R. 746
lagner, K.H. 747, 748, 749
•akiioto, T. 710
Balden, C.C. 189, 721
•alker, K.C. 750
lalker, «.H. 751
•allace, ». 752, 753, 754
Salsh, L.B. 686, 687
•arocke, D.D. 755, 756
Racnosz, J. 371
•arren, G.F. 169, 565
tarren, H.T. 757, 758, 759, 760
•acteresievicz, H. 761
•asseohov, E.F. 635
•atanabe, T. 762
MTSOI, J.P. 763
•ebber, J. 764. 765
Beaks, L.T. 550
lentink, G.H. 766
Resolovski, J.J. 339
Hestendorf, H. 124
Restlake, R.E. 731
Hheatley, B.H. (Eds.) 60
Hhite, i.H. 55
»hite, ».H. 767
Rhitefield, P.H. 432
«hittingha>, ».P. 25
iieczorik, G.A. 129
iiersia, G.B 768
Bierssa, G.B. 631
Hiese, B.T. 769
Riklander, L. 29, 770, 771, 772
Rildnng, R.E. 231, 623
iilliaas, C. 773, 774, 775
Hilliais, R.E. 245
Rillianson, P. 776
Rilson, D.O. 777
Wilson, L.G. 429
Rindoi, B.L. 778
Rinkler, B. 285
Rinneberger, J.H. 472
Rizson, B. 95
Rood, O.L. 738
Rood, R.B. 322
Roolson, E.i. 357, 358, 359, 779,
780, 781, 782
Ballstein, L.H. 783
Taiada, I. 530
Taiada, H. 720
Yaiagata, N. 784
Taiagata, T. 784
Taiakava, H. 785
Taiaioto, T. 785
Yashin, I.H. 354
Tasnda, T. 497
Tates, R.*. 786
Toneda, S. 787
Toshids, R. 549
Toskiike, A. TBS
Tnnoki, B. 784-
Tashkan, E.I. 789
Zablicki, Z. '790
ZhQkOTa, T.A. 791
Zikibara, T. 399
125
-------
Zildahl, R.L. 792, 793, 79U
Ziiniak, Z. 185
Zanino, H. 795
Zuniono, H. 796
Zverun, P.J. 797
Zyryano»a, ft.R. 798
126
-------
SECTION III
KEYWORD INDEX
ABATEBENT 235, 727
ABSORBTION 453
ABSORPTION 2, 7. 10, 72, 80, 84,
91. 133, 223, 225, 273, 282, 327,
337. 414, 471, 515, 587, 613,
658, 725, 726, 762, 778
ABSORPTION SPECTRA 206
ACARICIDB 39
ACCUBULATION 180, 194, 225, 229,
260, 299, 310, 317, 337, 338,
370, 414, 456, 523, 583, 614,
620, 732, 736, 737, 773
ACETIC ACID 15, 190, 348
ACID BATH 203
ACID MINE DRAINAGE 235, 275, 462,
576, 602
ACID MINE RUNOFF 241
ACID SOIL 312, 313
ACIDITY 376
ACTINOHYCETE 534
ACTIVATED CATIONITE 354
ACTIVATED SLUDGES 3
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 45, 553
ACTIVE TRANSPORT 125
ADDITIVITY 3
ADHESION 201
ADHESIVES 559
ADJUVANTS 299
ADSORBENTS 262, 700
ADSORBTION 602
, 14, 34, 35,
, 169. 176,
201, 206,
240, 241,
278, 282.
321, 324,
350, 355,
398. 408,
«63, 464,
504. 506.
527, 539.
602. 605,
696, 715,
777, 785, 794
213. 220. 22«, 238,
256, 265, 275, 276,
293. 298. 305, 311,
326, 334, 342, 345,
380, 391, 396, 397,
109, 412, 417. 443,
474, 487, 499. 501,
508, 509. 513, 517,
550, 581, 597. 600.
609, 622, 630, 644,
734, 738, 745. 749.
ADSORPTION ISOTBEHHS 306
AERATION 361, 540
AERIAL TBANSPOBT 541
IBBOBIC 87. 358, 359, 429, 782
AEROSOLS 9, 339, 366, 680
AGALLOL 309
AGE 725
AGE ESTIBATION 2
AGGLOMERATE 391
AGITATION 726
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS 262
AGRICULTURAL BASTES 426, 539
AGRICOLTORE 3, 6, 80, 195, 224,
273, 280, 285, 311, 351, 404,
489, 520, 634, 671, 788
AGROCHENICALS 33
AGRONOBT 20, 64
AIR 1, 5, 6, 9, 19, 24, 76, 77,
95, 104, 139, 140, 119, 153, 158,
178, 183, 193, 194, 207, 225,
235, 248, 263, 308, 316, 319,
379, 381, 391, 393, 405, 431,
445, 465, 468, 490, 493, 520,
523, 524, 561, 562, 564, 577,
594, 598, 610, 614, 635, 663,
680, 681, 685, 710, 731, 735,
737. 749, 761, 770, 771, 793
AIR FLOE GASES 559
AIR HOVEBEBT 153
AIRBORNE DOSTS 4
AIRBORNE BBTALS 379
ALCOHOL 15
ALDEHYDES 91
ALDRIR 788
ALFALFA 406, 523
ALGAE 391
ALGAI 172 , 246
ALGAL GROWTH 172
ALIPHATIC 709
ALKALI DISEASE 310
ALKALINE EABTH HETALS 374
ALKALINE SOILS 117, 502, 503 . 505
ALKALINITY 347
ALKANOIC ACID 93, 94
ALKYL ARSINE 358, 782
ALKYLHERCOBY 255
ALLIED INDUSTRIES 107
ALLOYS 560
ALLUVIAL SOIL 394, 785
ALLUVIUM 391
ALLYL ALUBINUB CARBIDE 534
ALPHA KETO BOTIBIC-ACID 531
ALOHIKOB 11, 140, 201, 206, 313,
322, 324, 334, 336, 355, 357,
357, 374, 403, 409, 462, 513,
528, 559, 576, 638, 729, 779,
780, 781
ALUNINUH CHLORIDES 408
ALOHI80M COMPLEXES 667
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDES 206, 305, 729
ALUBINOH OXIDE 306, 324, 354, 588,
772
ALUBINOH SOLFATE 687
ALONINDB 16
ABALGAB 709
AHELIOBATION 656
AHERICIUN 591
ABERICIOB 241 436
ABIDE GROUPS 517
AHINES 190
ABINO ACIDS 400
ABITROLE 269
ABBONIATED SOPBRPHOSPHATE 216
AHHONIFICATION 287, 288, 783
AHBONIUH 491
ABBONIUH ACETATE 775
ABHONIOfl COMPOUNDS 719
ABBONIOB OIALATE 348
AMORPHOUS 265
AMPHOTERIC 90
ANAEROBIC 782
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION 555
ANAEBOBIC REDUCTION 458
ANALYSIS 5, 7, 14, 183, 207, 235,
240, 241, 385, 407, 413, 419,
431, 443, 457, 595, 608, 644,
685, 709, 724, 731, 762
ANALYTICAL METHODS 3, 225
ANDROPOGON 132
ANEBIA 310
ANIMALS 1, 5, 9, 81, 104, 183.
195, 206, 225, 229, 235, 255.
282, 292, 337, 387, 414, 415,
431. 444. 448, 467, 493, 523.
560, 591, 614, 621, 627, 685,
741, 783
AN ION EFFECT 501
ANION EXCHANGE 199
ANIONS 128, 198, 202, 518
127
-------
ANSA.H-138 195
ANTHOPHYLLITE 122
ANTIKNOCK COMPOUNDS 423
ANTIKNOCK TETHAETHYL L8AD 9
ANTIMONY 49, 612
ANTIHONY 121 331
ANTIHONY 125 45, 612
APATITE CALCITE 605
APHIDS 221
APO-LIPO PROTEINS 390
APPLE ORCHARDS 69, 620
APPLE TREES 620
APPLES 69, 235, 484. 515. 620
AQDATIC BOFFERS 580
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS 15, 216. 289,
311, 332, 521, 560, 574, 675
AQUATIC ORGANISMS 332, 493
AQDEOOS LEAP EXTRACTS 220
AQUEOUS HEDIA 289, 417, 626
AQUIFERS 190, 276
AROCHLOR 5U1, 543
AROMATIC AMINES 476
AROHATIC HTDROCARBONS 23, 100,
584, 670
AROHATIC OXYACIDS 670
ARSENATB 11, 57, 61, 84, 92, 232,
242, 243, 244, 283, 284, 305,
306, 327, 357, 358, 360, 501,
504, 506, 515, 762, 772, 779, 781
ARSENIC 11, 13, 22, 28, 36, 37,
43, 49, 58, 61, 76. 77, 91, 133,
134, 136, 140, 146, 173, 175,
177, 192, 195, 206, 232, 243,
244, 284, 296, 306, 324, 340,
357, 358, 359, 360, 392, 395,
401, 459, 480, 488, 492, 499,
501, 504, 515, 516, 525, 555,
559, 562, 590, 597, 603, 611,
646, 685, 686, 687, 690, 705,
712, 746, 772, 779, 780, 781,
782, 783
ARSENIC ACCUMULATION 780
ARSENIC ACID 57, 459
ARSENIC FIXATION 360, 618, 780
ARSENIC RESIDUES 492
ARSENIC TFIOXIDE 616
ARSENICAL SPRAT RESIDUES 360
ARSENICS 618
ARSENITE 37, 84, 284, 499, 501,
504. 506. 596, 597, 696, 772
ARSINE 173, 175, 357, 480, 782
ARTHROPODS 126
ARILBERCDRI 255
ASBESTOS 8, 121, 122, 236, 607,
633
ASBESTOS INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS 490
ASCORBIC ACID 235, 432
ASR 21, 136, 154, 594, 789
ASPEN 745
ASPHALT PLANTS 377
ASPHALTS 377
ASSIMILATION 564, 591
ATHEROSCLEROSIS 310
ATMOSPHERE 77, 193, 255, 329, 391,
431, 598, 749
ATBOSPHERIC FALLOUT 793
ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT 736
ATOMIC ABSORPTION 481, 572, 608,
787
ATOBIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPBOTOHETRT 21, 28, 43,
95, 140, 154, 225, 281, 317, 338,
377, 405, 445, 523, 545, 582,
732, 738
ATOBIZATIOI 608
ATRAZINE 217, 570, 668
ATTAPDLGITE 535
ATTENUATION 236
AUTOCLAVING 630
AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS 194, 308,
468, 567, 614, 736, 738, 770,
771, 792, 794
AUTOMOBILES 367
AUTORADIOGRAPHT 84
AVAILABILITY 4, 48, 82, 206, 219,
235. 338, 366, 437. 440. 447,
462, 464, 494, 523, 527, 535,
580, 594, 666, 667, 717, 742,
775, 782, 792
ATA I LABILITY PREDICTION 717
AVENA-SATIVA 336
AZA 786
BACTERIA 231, 239, 489, 536, 652,
680, 682, 690, 739
BACTERIAL LEACHING 189
BADGER 523
BAP 584, 635
BARIUM 111, 120, 206, 206, 254,
509
BARLEY 80, 257, 523, 629. 728,
749, 761
BATTERIES 337
BEANS 72, 134, 195, 594. 673, 754,
792
BEER 783
BEIDELLITE 264
BENEFICIATION PLANTS 318
BENGAL FUNGUS 486
BENOHYL 221, 299
BENTGRASS 209, 252
BENTOBITE 169, 220, 347
BBNTONITB CLAY 197, 688
BENZ (i)PIREHE 584
BENZENE 23
BENZENE REXACHLORIDE 788
BENZIHIDAZOLECARBAHATE 221
BEMZO(A) PYRENE 584, 635, 652, 653,
672
BENZOPYRENE 101, 584, 653
BENZOQDINONE 478
BERYLLIUM 49, 91, 264, 392, 509,
615, 685
BERYLLIUM 7 99
BETA METHYL MALIC-ACID 531
BHC 132, 134, 465, 710, 788
BIBLIOGRAPHY 7, 10, 88, 138, 215,'
398, 452, 575, 724
BICHLORIDE 663
BINDING 201, 323, 363, 419, 534,
585, 632
BIOACCOHULATION 194
BIOASSAY 4, 139, 251, 779
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND 425
BIOCHEMICAL RESIDUES 23
BIOCIDES 130
BYCONVERSION 10, 148, 215, 245,
256, 276, 420, 623
BIODEGRADABILITY 782
BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES 465
BIODEGRADATION 6, 182, 318, 372,
690
BIODEHALOGENATION 67, 130
BIODETERIORATION 190
BIOGENIC 456
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 4, 103, 196, 206.
457, 757
BIOINDICATOBS 610
BIOINDICATOR LEGUMES 310
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 1
BIOLOGICAL FRACTIONATION 104
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION 735
128
-------
BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE 225, 255
BIOLOGICAL NETHYLATION 332
BIOLOGICAL BIKING 226
BIOLOGICAL SINKS 415
BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION 783
BIOLOGICAL TREATHENT 526
BIOSPHERE 9, 255, 393, 431, 574
BIOTA 391
BIOTITE 349
BIOTRANSFORSATION 152, 574
BIRCH 745
BIRD CHERRI 745
BIRDS 26, 255, 356, 516, 629
BISHOTH 49
BISHOTH 214 436
BITOHEH 23, 635
BLACK SHALES 415
BLACK SOILS 502, 503, 505, 507,
696
BLACK-LISTED AREAS 281
BLIND STAGGERS 310
BLOOD 206, 225, 255, 281, 282
BLOOD BRAIH BARRIER 255
BLOOD CHEHISTRT 9
BLOOD LEVELS 255
BLOOD PLASMA 255
BLDEBERRT 22
BOD 644
BODY 337
BOG PEAT 732
BOG SOILS 206
BOGS 27, 172, 732
BONDING ENERGY 335
BONES 183, 225
BORDEAUX 484
BOROH 3, 28, 46, 365, 370, 509,
522, 563, 594, 656, 665, 764, 791
BORON OXIDES 60
BORONS BOLTBDENOa 348
BOTAKY 752, 753
BBAIN 255
BRECCIA 619
BROAD LEAFED PLANTS 523
BROHUB 206, 339, 553, 690
BRONIZERS 364
BHYOPHTTES 423
BDDS 663
BUFFERING CAPACITY 756
BUFFERS 580
BOTBNES 130
BOTYRIC ACID 531
BYPRODOCTS 591
CABBAGES 139, 195, 594
CACODYLIC ACID 195, 357, 358, 359,
782
CADNIDH 3
95, 98,
190, 192
234, 235
316, 317
371, 377
394, 397
407, 408
471, 488
523, 524
604, 610
701, 702
774, 784
. 4,
118,
. 193
, 263
, 334
, 379
, 399
, 410
, 496
, 530
, 619
, 703
28, 42, 49
138, 147,
. 207, 225
, 274, 290
, 337, 338
, 381, 382
, 403, 404
, 429, 443
, 497, 498
, 560, 571
, 678, 685
, 704, 747
, 63,
154,
. 233
, 310
, 355
, 383
, 405
, 445
, 511
, 573
, 700
, 760
91
183
r
t
i
9
t
1
t
1
t
t
CADHIOR ADSORPTION 335
CADHIOB CARBONATE 235
CADHIDR CHOLOBIDE 338
CADHIOB EHISSIONS 235
CADHIOR OXIDE 235
CADHIOH PRODUCTION 604
CADHIOH SDLFIDE 235, 496
CADBIOB 109 225
CADHIUR 115 745
CAGED FISH EXPOSORE 281
CALCAREOUS LOAH 690
CALCAREOUS SAND 341
CALCAREOUS SOILS 4, 92, 376, 734
CALCITE 345
CALCIDR 16, 46, 53, 109, 110, 111,
135, 197, 206, 225, 283, 357,
377, 392, 397, 409, 430, 441,
455, 502, 506, 527, 552, 586,
592, 638, 640, 688, 696, 702,
713, 779, 780, 781
CALCIOB ARSEHATE 22
CALCIOH CARBONATE 346, 664, 665,
666
CALCIOH CHLORIDES 408
CALCIOB OXIDES 273
CALCIOB 45 45, 99, 396
CAL6ARELLIS SOIL 754
CALOCLOH 252
CANCER 101, 154
CARBANATES 465
CARBON 62, 132, 206, 249, 268,
354, 355, 417, 552, 782
CARBON DIOXIDE 62, 67, 231, 491,
646
CARBON DIOXIDE LIBERATION 287
CARBON MONOXIDE 62, 91
CARBON 14 62, 357, 782
CARBONATE 785
CARBONATES 75, 330, 503, 619
CARBONATES ION 785
CARBOIYL 354, 643
CARBOIYL GROUPS 517
CARBOXYL RETENTION 110
CARCINOGENS 19, 235, 635, 652,
654, 672, 748
CARROTS 195, 320, 366
CATECHIH 257
CATION 302, 368, 713, 756
CATION EFFECT 501
CATION EXCHANGE 110, 111, 199,
206, 312, 346, 557, 766, 792
CATION EXCHANGE RICRONUTRIBNTS 665
CATION SATURATION 220
CATIONS 57, 135, 162, 210, 211,
346, 411, 419, 440, 508, 558, 715
CATIONS EXCHANGE 756
CATTLE 183, 206, 319, 523, 747
CELLS 61
CELLULOSE 594
CEHE«TS 559
CENTIPEDES 126
CENTRIFUGATION 84
CEREALS 3, 80, 206, 373, 629
CEREBRAL PALSY 255
CEREFAN 320
CEREZAH 321
CEHIOH 89, 397
CERIUH 141 331
CEBIOH 144 45, 89, 513, 542, 553,
745
CESIOB 206, 208, 385. 397, 453,
612, 683
CBSIOS 134 238
CESIOH 137 44, 45, 60, 396, 436,
129
-------
CBSIOH 137 542, 553. 612. 677
CHALCOPYRITE 619
CHBLATES 4, 102. 111, 165, 190,
220, 238, 257, 267. 330, 440.
441, 460, 464, 494. 495. 512,
533, 544, 545, 546. 708, 753, 754
CHELATIHG 200, 463
CHELATION 190, 208, 298, 330, 331,
350, 396, 397, 517, 539, 542,
591, 745
CHESICAL ANALYSIS 10, 45, 107, 398
CHEBICAL ASHING 625
CHEBICAL EQDTLIBRIUB 440
CHEBICAL INDUSTRIES 107
CHEMICAL ISOT8ERH 717
CHEHICAL WASTE 107
CHEHISORPTIOS 206
CHEBISTBI 157, 235, 300, 301, 446,
537, 742
CHERNOZEB 12, 35, 184, 394, 396.
458, 477, 558
CHICK-PEA 217
CHICKBHS 516
CHIHNEYS 76, 567, 61]
CBLOPBEN 675
CHLOB-ALKALI PL A UTS 281
CHLORATE 61, 285
CHLORAZINE 217
CHLORDANE 134, 586
CHLORFENVINPHOS 288
CHLORIDE 755
CHLORIDES 274, 275, 408, 409, 559,
605
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC ACID 93, 94
CHLORINATED RYDBOCARBOKS 215, 465,
731
CHLORINE 91, 93, 94, 206, 453, 559
CHLORIDE ISOBERS 67
CHLOROALLYL ALCOHOL 67
CHLORONEB 486, 769
CHLOROPHYLL 127
CHLOROSIS 310, 338, 462, 523
CHLORTHIABID 287
CHHOtlATE 107 , 3
CHROHATOGRAPHY 110, 206, 225, 390,
469, 531, 606, 746
CHROBIOB 3, 7, 28. 41, 49, 59,
107, 174, 190, 206, 231, 310,
317, 371, 377, 392. 509, 529,
540, 573, 592, 594, 608, 625,
647, 685, 691, 698, 765, 766
CHROBIOB 31 331
CHBOBIOB 51 2, 473, 719
CHROBIOBS 763
CHRONIC BRONCBITIS 337
CHRONIOB 51 99
CIGARETTES 225, 235
CINNABAR 255, 697
CIPC 565
CIRCULATION 255, 574
CITHIC-iCID 247
CLARKE VALUE 206
CLAY 11, 90, 92, 114, 165, 170,
177, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202,
206. 213, 219, 220, 240, 241,
271, 275, 283, 293, 309, 311,
324, 330, 363, 375, 376, 386,
391, 432, 450, 469, 483, 535,
537, 559, 566, 581, 605, 607,
630, 658, 688, 696, 698, 715,
728, 766
CLAY CON TENT 169
CLAY LOAB 668, 696. 781
CLAY HINERALS 188, 293, 375
CLAY SESQOIOXIDES 37
CLAY SUSPENSIONS 658
CLAYS 127
CLOSED SOIL SYSTEH 173
CLOVER 80, 340, 717
CLOVES 594
COAGULATION 52
COAL 76, 235, 415, 431, 476, 491
COAL PORDER 355
COAL-FIRED POKER PLANTS 685
COASTAL PLAINS 572
COBALT 3, 28, 49, 59, 62, 86, 87,
139, 140, 154, 164, 192, 196,
206, 212, 223, 231, 254, 265,
310, 317, 330, 342, 348, 349,
350, 352, 370, 377, 392, 397,
412, 497, 509, 540, 549, 558,
571, 600, 638, 640, 656, 660,
665, 715, 716, 754, 760, 791
COBALT 60 44, 45, 99, 282, 396,
719
COD 644
COFFEE 109
COKE BYPRODUCT INDUSTRY 577
COLIPORB BACTERIA 425
COLLEBBOLAI 134
COLLOIDS 34, 127, 171, 206
COLOR 281
COLOR CHANGE 179
COLORIHETRY 4, 28, 43, 338
COLOBN CHBOBATOGBAPHY 251
COBBOSTION 24, 453, 468
COSBOSTION PROGRESS 468
COHPLEIANTS 795
COBPLEXES 108, 157, 192. 198, 303,
369, 433, 509, 523, 599, 662
COBPLEZES COAGOLATION 517
COBPLEZIIG AGENTS 605
COBPOST 101, 310. 499, 501, 506,
594, 703, 748
COBPDTER SIBOLATION 425, 523
CONCENTRATION 4, 14, 21, 43, 137,
147, 178, 195, 202, 206, 215,
225, 235, 263, 281, 330, 338,
394, 429, 445, 448, 449, 456,
498, 523, 539, 610, 614. 629,
705, 782, 794
CONCENTRATION FACTOR 206, 523
CONDOCTIVITY 140, 281
CONGENITAL DEFECTS 255
COHSDBPTIOS 88, 149
CONTABINATION 118, 336, 337, 553,
629
CONVERSION 720
COPEPODS 432
COPPER 3, 4, 17, 21,
35, 42, 43, 46, 48,
63, 68, 73, 78, 86,
28, 30, 32,
49, 53, 56,
87, 90, 91,
95, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 115,
118,
154,
167,
187,
198,
219,
253,
279,
317,
349,
375,
401,
429,
453,
483,
505,
519,
549,
585,
619,
645,
665,
723,
760,
791,
125,
156,
170,
188,
202,
222,
254,
291,
326,
350,
376,
403,
432,
456,
484,
507,
527,
558,
594,
621,
646,
666,
728,
764,
798
133,
157,
171,
189,
206,
223,
265,
293,
330,
352,
377,
407,
435,
458,
491,
508,
528,
562,
600,
626,
655,
679,
740,
765,
139.
164.
172,
193.
209,
231,
268,
304,
338,
365,
384,
416,
446,
462,
497,
509,
530,
563,
608,
632,
656,
688,
741,
766,
140,
165,
183,
196,
212,
235,
271,
310,
341,
370,
394,
417,
447,
474,
502,
513,
545,
571,
609,
638,
660,
693,
754,
767,
145,
166,
185,
197,
216.
246,
272.
314,
348,
373,
395,
428,
451,
475,
503,
515,
546,
581,
610,
641,
664,
713,
758,
790,
COPPER EXCHANGE 375
COPPER NITRATE 570
130
-------
COPPER SULFATE 172, 417, 484, 515
CORN 4. 11. 195. 217. 281. 363,
»06. 486. 497. 523, 535. 572.
658, 781, 792
CORRELATION 56, 45
COST BEHEPIT ANALYSIS 9
COST/BEHEFIT &MALTS IS 18, 235
COTTOH 340. 687
COBS 553
CRABS 255
CRANBERRY BOGS 172
CRICKET 251
CRIT 235
CRITERIA 727
CRITICAL SOIL VALUE 4
CROP YIELDS 4, 687
CROPLAND 768
CROPS 3, 21. 82, 100, 107, 127,
132, 133, 134, 180, 183, 185,
207, 208. 273, 297. 311. 340,
382. 399, 443. 051. 516, 583,
614, 627, 635, 6a6. 671, 678.
679, 687. 761. 764, 765, 788, 793
CROSTACEANS 45
CUCUMBERS 788
CULTIVATION 55, 656
CULTURES 25
COPROSAB 080
COBIDR 591
CYANAZINE 668
CYARAZINE AMIDE 668
CYANIDE 60, 230, 236, 247, 526,
647, 318
CYARIDE HASTE 526
CYCLES 104
CYCLING 20, 29, 105, 124, 261,
300, 523
CYCLOALKAHONE 62
CYCLOHBZARE 62
CYCLOPARAFFIH 62
CYCLOPARAFFI1IIC HYDROCARBON 62
DALAPOR 786
DAZOHET 534
DBS 648
DCRA 269
DDE 675
DDT 13, 25, 134. 205, 493, 523,
541, 589, 675, 788
DBCARBOIILATION 469
DBCBLORINATIOR 547
DECOMPOSITION »0, 87, 164, 177,
184, 211, 239, 258, 276. 285,
297, 318. 362. 391, 466, 534,
570. 625, 670, 673, 732
DECONTAMINATION 262, 285, 559
DEETHYLATION 668
DEFECTIVE FILTERS 747
DEFICIENCY 4, 103, 206, 225, 310
DEFOLIANTS 687
DEGRADATION 6, 15, 18, 18, 40, 54,
62, 190, 191, 224, 230, 251, 262,
270. 276, 323, 357, 372, 378,
387. 420. 421, 465, 469. 477,
478, 493, 536, 543. 644, 648,
668, 675, 682. 709, 739, 741.
746, 769, 782
DEBALOGENATION 93, 94, 130
DEHYDATION 461
DEBYDROGENASE 247
DEHYDBOGENATIOR 23, 534
DEISOPROPYLATION 668
DELIVERY APPARATUS 480
DELTA 164
DBNITRIFICATION 249
DENTAL CARIES 310
DEPOSAL 307
DEPOSITS 238
DEPTH VARIATIONS 95
DESICCANTS 687
DBSORPTION 162, 169, 240. 242,
375, 558, 717, 756, 785
DETERGENTS 190, 213, 310, 648
DETERMINATION 36. 60, 453. 608,
787, 789, 795, 796
DIAHMOHIOH PHOSPHATES 216
DIASTEREOBER CBROMATOGRAPBY 400
DIATOHITI 2
DIATOMS 432
DIAZISON 270
DIBROHIDES:ETHYLENX DIBROHID8 130
DICARBOZYLIC ACIDS 670
DICHLOBENIL 125, 287
DIELDRIN 25, 690, 788
DIETARY INTAKE 310
DIETHAIOLANINO-ACBTIC ACID 512
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE PENTAACBTIC-
ACID 53
DIFFERENTIAL THERHOGRAHS 713
DIFFUSION 45, 137, 200, 202, 227,
303, 390, 436, 482, 548, 550,
683, 755, 756
DIFFUSION MEASUREMENT 624
DIHETBYL ARSINIC ACID 358, 359
DIMETHYL NITROSiHINE 47
DIMETHYL SDLFOXIDE 421
DIMETBYLASINE 47
DIMETHYLBBNZENES 670
DIMETHYLHBRCURY 582
DINOSEB 125
DIOHETRIC DETERMINATION 453
DIPBENABID 168, 169
DIPHENYLACETAMIDE 168
DISCHARGE 307
DISEASES 9, 154, 233
DISINFECTANT 453
DISINFECTANTS 321
DISODIOH 220
DISODIUM MBTHANBARSONATB 177
DISPERSION 487, 574, 744
DISPERSION ATHOSPERB 76
DISPLACEMENT 188, 346
DISPOSAL 163, 260, 315, 424, 426,
554, 690
DISSIPATION 285
DISSOLUTION 96, 120
DISSOLVED OXYGEN 281, 425
DISSOLVED SOLID S 571
DISTRIBUTION 36, 106, 123, 176,
212, 214, 219, 225, 252, 253.
296. 337, 383, 385, 393, 488,
491, 550, 556, 568, 571, 583,
586, 590, 591, 633, 673, 698,
699, 701, 723, 725, 743, 776
DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS 137
DITHIZON8 580
DIVALENT 587
DMA 47
DODECYL BENZENE SOLFOIATB 648
DOLOMITE 185, 345, 346
DOSE/RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP 255
DRAINAGE 241, 455. 509
DRAINAGE WATER 283
DREDGING 567
131
-------
DREDGING SPOILS 281
DRINKING BATER 225. 235. 255, 310,
553, 633
DRY FALLOUT 391
DSHA 177
DTPA 441
DUMPING 467
DUHPS 5»1
DOST 761
DOST FALL 140
DOSTS 4, 42, 139, 110, 1»0, 183,
225. 235, 445, 523
DYSPFOSIOB 553
EARTH BETALS 109
EARTHHORHS 221
ECONOBIC RESPONSE 4
ECOSTSTEHS 9. 18, 297, 606, 614,
732
EDTi 200, 220, 376, 388, 389, 416,
441. 463, 500. 512. 546. 719,
754. 775, 790
EELS 255
EFFLUENT 10
EFFLUENT: FERTILIZER 7
EFTLUENTS 52, 65, 622, 626, 647
EGGPLANT 762
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 685
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 132
ELECTRICAL EQOIPBENT 281
ELECTROLYSIS 235
ELECTRON ACCEPTORS 469
ELECTROPHORESIS 225, 277, 390, 531
ELECTROPLATING 235, 560
ELECTROPLATING HASTES 766
ELECTROSTATIC PHECIPITATOHS 523
ELEMENT CYCLES 104
ELLAGIATE 257
ELH 299, 364, 445
ELDVIATION 370
EMISSIONS 207, 235, 560, 567, 646,
747, 783
EBPHYSEBA 235, 337
ENDOSULFAN 493
ENDRIN 788
ENERGY 62
ENRICHBENT 280, 455, 456
ENTROPIES 119
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS 1
ENZYMATIC REDUCTION 247
ENZTBES 64, 93, 94, 125, 181, 206,
230, 235, 255. 523, 531
BPIDEHIOLOGT 122, 225
EPIPHYTIC BOSS 610
EPTC 153
EQUATION 792
EQOILIBRIOB 58, 109, 391, 438,
439, 440, 544
EQOILIBRIOB DETBOD 464
EROSION 224, 280, 473, 633, 649,
726
EROSIONS: HORTICULTURE 750
ESTUARIES 7, 107, 425, 567, 778
ETHANOL IS
ETHER 453
ETHYLENE 130
ETHYLHERCORIC CHLORIDE 15
EUROPIDB 553
EVOLUTION 159, 231
EXCHANGE 408, 409, 422, 433
EXCHANGE CAPACITY 630, 766
EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA 718
EXCHANGE REACTION 170
EXCHANGE REACTIONS 422
EXCRETION 103, 255, 541
EXHAUST 194
EXHAUST GASES 194, 468
EXPERIMENTAL DUMPS 724
EXPLOSIVE BATERIALS 724
EITRACTIBILITY 376 , 449
EXTRACTS 257
FACTORY 423
FALLOUT 44, 45, 160, 541, 610, 731
FALLOUT DEPOSITS 436, 553
FALLOR LAND 55
PARB SOILS 492
FARMYARD MANURE 271
FATE 11, 297, 363, 554, 591, 691,
692, 693, 694
FATTY ACIDS 15
FAUNA 126, 134, 776
FDTA 708
FEATHERS 255
FECES 255, 282
FECES EXCRETION 225
FENITROTBION 126
FERBAB 134
FERNS 745
FERRI CYANIDE 179
FERRIC GELS 569
FERRIC HYDRATES 569
FERRIC HYDROUS OXIDES 729
FERRIC HYDROXIDE 240
FERRIC HYDROXIDES 311
FERRIC ION 189
FERRIC METHANE 232
FERRIC OXIDE 241, 265, 469
FERRIC OXIDES 602
FERRIC SULFATE 687
FERROOXIDARS 189
FERROUS HBTALS 276
FERRDALINOUS-HUHIC PODZOL 166
FERTILITY 322
FERTILIZER 585
FERTILIZER PRODUCTION 443
FERTILIZERS 4, 100, 128, 141, 206,
216, 224, 235, 262, 267, 310,
310, 351, 373, 388, 458, 468,
491, 500, 507, 516, 539, 545,
594, 627, 707, 726. 730. 774. 790
FIBER 633
FIBER LENGTH 674
FIELD CULTURES 223
FILTRATION 65, 256, 429, 554, 623
FINE GRAVEL 429
FINE SANDS 216, 605
FISH 24, 41, 45, 225, 235, 255,
281, 462, 493, 493, 553
FISSION 739
FISSION PRODUCTS 45, 102, 106,
386, 542
FIXATION 92, 165, 226, 295, 326,
330, 416, 447, 527, 530, 618
FLAVO PROTEIN 247
FLOODED SOILS 359
FLOODING 361, 399, 540
FLOODS 175
FLOODHATER 172
132
-------
FLOONDBR 255
FLOW 329, 331, 396, 411. 487
PLOW BATE 553
FLOE GASES 77
FLOIDIZED BED 559
FLUOBAPATITE 66
FLOORIDES 594, 685
FLUORINE 91, 206, 310, 310, 7»1
FLOOROSIS 310
FLUSHING 633
FLUX «31
FLT ASH 522, 685
FODDER 566 , 761
FOLIAGE 434, 564, 620, 793
FOLIAR ABSORPTIOH 523
FOLIAR ADSORPTION 677, 792
FOLIAR APPLICATION 95, 445
FOLIAR DEPOSITION 235
FOOD CHAIN 207
IOOD CHAINS 45, 183, 215, 255,
297, 356, 443, 523, 574
FOOD CORTABINATION 1
FOODS 9, 149, 225, 255. 319, 337,
382, 465, 471, 493, 520, 560,
594, 659
FORAGE 129, 311, 319, 747
FORBS 523
FOREST 45
FORESTS 46, 261, 364, 394, 470,
614, 732
POBRALIR 534
IORRETANATE 39, 40
FOSSIL FUELS 24, 235
FOSSILS 2
FOONDBI SHORE 0, 611
FOX 523
PRACTIOBATION 176, 479, 5»1
FEES Hi AT BE 281. 560, 560
FREUNDLICH ISOTHERR 201, 442
FRUIT 620
FRUIT FLY 627
FROITS 484, 515
FUEL ADDITIVES 194
FUELS 24, 194. 415
FOLVIC ACID 96, 97, 111, 145, 353,
419, 637, 638, 640, 6*1, 667
POLVIC ACIDS 206, 464
FOHES 42, 235, 741
FUNCTIONS 103
FUNGI 38. 231. 299, 486, 739
FUNGICIDES 47, 152. 166, 167, 209,
232, 235, 252, 255, 322, 337,
356, 465, 582, 629, 708, 769
GALENA 95, 96, 619, 619
GALLtUN 509
GARE BIRDS 629
GAHRA HCH 453
GARHA SOURCES 436
GAHHA SPECTRONETEBS 60
GARBAGE COHPOST 100
GARDEN SOILS 154
GAS ANALYSIS 194
GAS CHBOHATOGBAPHY 23, 249, 251
GAS-LIQUID CHRORATOGBAPHY 251
GASEOUS HASTES 436
GASES 76. 77, 91, 256, 420, 554,
724, 741
GEL 206, 390, 531
GENETIC CONDITIONS 587
GEOCHERICAL ECOLOGY 578
GEOCHERICAL HIGRATION 96
GEOCHEBICAL PROSPECTING 325, 364
GEOCHEHISTRY 1, 14, 44, 127, 235,
311, 325, 326, 330, 393, 394,
400, 414, 429, 435, 448, 456,
568, 619, 744, 767
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS 95, 192
GEOLOGY 10, 256, 268, 380, 420,
487, 608
GEBHANIUH 206
GLACIAL OOTiASB 148
GLUCOSE 247
GLOTAHIC ACIDS 353
GLUTAHIN ACID 90
GLYCINB 90
GOBY 41
GOBTHITE 265
GOITER 206, 310
GOLD 140
GOLD 198 473
GOLIATH TEBRITS 763
GOUT 206
GRAINS 225, 523, 629
G8ANDLAB PARIS GREEN 603
GBASSES 43, 155, 181, 209. 252.
291, 310, 450, 523, 594, 610,
676, 770, 778
GBASSHOPPEBS 523, 524
GRASSLAND 45
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEH 549
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTERS 524
GRAVEL 429
GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING 736, 737
GREEHBODSE 534
GROUND LAYER 423
GROUND RATER 65, 99, 174, 190,
191, 206, 237, 245, 290, 307,
309, 311, 331, 468, 487, 498,
539, 587, 595, 612, 724
GROUNDSATBR 276
GROHTR RATE 761
GROSTH STIHULATORS 206
GYPSDH 566
BAERATITE 265, 569
HALF-LIFE 541, 591, 705
HARTHOBN 445
HAY 254
HAZARDOUS CHEHICALS 215, 647
HAZABDOUS RATEBIALS 559
HEALTH 383, 752
HEAT INACTIVATION 247
HEATH ECOSISTEB 145, 733
HEAVY RETALS 3, 7, 19, 123, 147,
161, 183, 193, 203, 207, 231,
234, 236, 240, 245, 246, 274,
276, 281, 310, 317, 328, 330,
349, 355, 374, 382, 403, 404,
427, 451, 523, 533, 559. 678.
679, 701, 704, 714, 715, 732,
765, 787
HEHATOCBITE VALUE 281
HEPTACHLOR 493
HERBAGE 21, 43, 594, 773
HERBICIDES 64, 168, 169, 215, 224,
262, 273, 285, 287, 296, 340,
359, 450, 465, 552, 627, 780
HEIADBCANE 670
HEZANB 269
HEXAVALENT CHBOHIUH 573
BIGHIAY PROXIHITY 235, 594, 737,
738, 770, -771, 792
HIGHiAYS 248, 367, 561, 586, 794
133
-------
HI GO SAN 321
HILLSIDES 611
HOHEOSTASIS 310
BOBHORES 206
BOBTICOLTOPE 158, 211
HUHANS 9. 121, 122, 194, 206, 225,
266, 292, 319, 337, 381, 387,
390, 428, 493, 519, 520, 523,
560, 577, 710, 735
HOHiTE 120. 491, 605, 632
HUHATE STABILITY 740
HDBIC 632, 639, 713
HOHIC iCID 258, 353, 464
HOHIC ACIDS 54, 97, 98, 120, 145,
156, 186, 206, 295, 323, 368,
432, 557, 599, 601, 664. 667,
695, 709
HDHIFICATION 464
HDHOSE 669
BONUS 4, 16, 27, 87, 95, 143, 144,
164, 166. 167, 206, 295, 309.
334. 365, 391, 463, 552, 601,
637, 706, 728, 740, 780
HI BE IDS 658
HYDROCARBON 91
HYDBOCABBOHS 23, 100, 266, 266,
308, 551, 584, 635, 652, 654
RYDROCHEBICAL PBEOICTIHG 393
HYDRODYNAMICS 422
HYDROGEN 53, 135, 206, 502, 559
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 559
HYDROGEN CHLORIDES 91
HYDROGEH FLOBIDE 91
HYDROGEN IONS 441, 502
HYDROGEN SDLFIDE 91
HYDROGEOLOGY 279
HYDROLOGY 45, 52, 190, 204, 238
HYDROLYSIS 49, 297, 333, 453, 630
HYDROLYTIC BEHAVIOR 49
HYDROHICA 728
HYDROMOBPHIC 27
HYDROSPHERE 255, 431
HYDROUS PERRIC OXIDE 602
HYDROOS IRON 241
HYDROUS BANGANESB OIIDES 602
HYDROXIDE 328
HYDROXIDES 49, 265, 330, 374, 619,
639, 719
HYDROXY GROUPS 517
BYDROXYAPATITB 66
HYDBOXYCUPBIC IOBS 483
BYDBOXTDIHETHYLARSIBB OXIDE 357
HYDHOIYL GBOOP 477, 643
HYDROXYL1TIOH 67
HYPERTENSION 235, 310, 337
HYPOCHLOROSIS 594
ICE 586
ILLITE 331, 349, 605
IHBOHO ELECTROPHOBESIS 390
IBPOUNDHENTS 52
INCINERATOR RESIDUES 10
INCINERATORS 559
INCUBATION 184
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS 160, 356,
401, 426, 476, 493, 573, 626, 627
INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS 140, 377,
562, 564, 741, 747
INDUSTRIAL HASTE 392, 647
INDUSTRIAL BASTES 52, 107, 268,
426, 559, 567, 575, 584, 623,
626, 627
INDUSTRY 6, 123, 140, 181, 182,
185, 263, 270, 285, 317, 355,
421, 465, 489, 560, 681, 727, 758
INFBABED SPECTBOSCOPY 23, 478, 713
INGESTION 235, 591
INHALATION 235, 255
INHIBITION 534
INLAND RATERIAYS 553
INSECT 126
INSECT BIOASSAY 251
INSECTICIDES 11, 13, 22, 25, 39,
270, 288, 387, 465, 493, 675, 780
INSECTS 45, 221, 251, 763
INTAKE 225, 281
INTEGRATED SADELES 366
INTERACTIONS 45, 75, 128
IHTERABOHATIC BONOS 323
INTERFERENCES 225
IODINE 179, 196, 206. 310, 453
IODINE 131 45, 238, 553, 719
IOR AVAILABILITY 53
ION CHBOHATOGRAPHY 411
ION COBPLEIES 662
ION DIFFUSION 624
ION EXCHANGE 197, 206, 265, 286,
101 EXCHANGE 330, 380, 390, 463,
464. 517, 539, 622, 623, 638.
641, 664, 766, 787
ION TRANSPORT 346
IONIC RADII 306
IONIC SPECIES 439
IONIC STRENGTH 298, 638
IONIC THEORY 286, 419
IONS 61, 107, 330, 355, 398, 419,
461, 501, 506, 509
IPC 565
IRIDIDH 114 331
IRON 11, 16, 35, 38, 53, 56, 75,
87, 111, 125, 139, 140, 143, 154,
164, 165, 167, 175, 190, 201,
206, 209, 219, 263, 265, 310,
324, 330, 338, 339, 355, 357,
360, 374, 377, 396, 419, 429,
430, 441. 462, 496, 513, 521,
528, 540, 545, 546, 548, 549,
555, 556, 559, 569, 571, 576,
588, 602, 619, 626, 628, 638.
641, 688. 729. 740, 754, 764,
772, 779, 780, 781
IRON CHELATBS 512, 548
IRON CHLORIDES 626
IBON COMPLEXES 667
IRON DTPA 548
IBON EDDHA 548
IRON EDTA 512, 548
IRON HYDBOXIDES 206, 305, 729
IRON OBE 52
IRON OXIDES 306, 324, 330, 528,
556
IRON SULFIDES 311
IBON 55 99
IRON 59 99, 238, 473, 719
IRRIGATION 192, 208, 322, 346,
680. 726. 791
ISOHERS 477
ISOTHERR 197, 334
ISOTOPES 104
ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE 475, 718
ISOZYHBS 277
ITAI ITAI DISEASE 225
ITAI-ITAI DISEASE 235
KAOLIN 728
KAOLINITE 162, 188, 220
KBBATOSES 783
KIDNEYS 183, 225, 255", 523
KINETICS 286, 419
134
-------
LABELLED COMPOUNDS 553
UBILE FORMS 723
LACTUCA-SATIVA 336
LAGOOH 65
LAKE HATER 651
LAKELAND LOAMY SAND 781
LAKELAND SOIL 781
LAKES 281, 317, 541
LAND DISPOSAL 315, 424
LANDFILL STORAGE 88
LANDFILLS 10, 20U, 237, 256, 398,
120, 430, 487, 5
-------
BAIIBUB ALLORABLB CONCENTRATION
562
BEADOH SOIL 111
BEADOHS 111, 732
BEASURBBENT BETHODS 492
BEATS 183, 523
HENTAL RETARDATION 255
BERCAPTA»S 91
HERCAPTOTRIAZIIIE 530
BERCOBIALS 239
BERCURIC ACETATE 15
BERCOBIC CHLORIDE 15, 255, 605,
630
BERCOROUS CHLORIDES 255
BERCORT 3, 14, 15, 24, 26, 27, 28,
29, 33, 31, 19, 85, 91, 149, 151,
152. 190, 192, 206, 209, 228,
231, 239, 252, 255, 274, 275,
281. 289, 309, 317, 320, 321,
325, 329, 332, 333, 339, 355,
356, 377, 391, U03. 404, H31,
"50, 457, 965, 466, 481, 489,
493, 514, 530, 536. 553. 554,
559, 577, 579, 582, 583, 605,
606, 620, 629, 631. 663, 671,
681, 682, 685. 695, 697, 720,
735. 768. 778
NERCORT BICHLORIDE 663
MERCURY CHLORIDE 486, 570, 582
BERCORT DISCHARGES 281, 377
HERCORT POISONING 431
BEBCDRT RETENTION 629
HEHCURY 203 553, 582
BETABOLISB 62, 67, 225, 273, 288,
358, 359, 406, 478, 531, 541,
654, 668, 725, 739
BETABOLITE 146, 668
BETAL BINDING 98
BETAL EXCHANGE 171
BETAL PIHISHIHG 7
BETAL FINISHIRG: REGIONAL PLANNING
647
HETAL INDUSTRY 559
BETAL IONS 419, 639, 688
BETAL OXIDES 362
HETALIOTHIONEIN 235
BETALLIC CATIONS 368
BETALLIC SULPIDES 415
SETALLO-ENZTBES 75
SETALLOTBTONEIN 225
METALLURGICAL PLANTS 468, 646
BETALLDRGICAL BORKS 562
BETALLOBGT 235
BETALS 5, 104, 109, 147, 190, 191,
211, 252, 258, 262. 351, 383,
428, 433, 440, 444, 454, 460,
515, 528. 530, 533, 539, 557,
567, 575, 578, 601, 642, 643,
644, 645, 649, 659, 662, 698,
707, 733, 741. 747, 754, 759,
760, 788
HBTEORITE 400
BETHAHOL 15
HETHIONINB 90
BETBOXY 769
BETHOXTETBYLBEHCUHY CHLORIDE 309
BBTHYL CELLOLOSE 71
BETBYL CHLORIDE 15
BBTHYL DICHLOROARSINE 357
HETHYL HYDROXIDE 453
BETHYLARSINE 146
BETHYLATE 769
BETHYLATIOS 255, 356
HETHYLBERCOBY 15, 228, 255, 281,
332. 466, 582, 605, 682
RETHYLHBRCORY COHPODHDS 466
BICE 225, 235, 255, 652
HICROBES 146, 739
BICBOBIAL DEGRADATION 62
BICROBIOLOGY 160, 189, 196, 284,
378, 454, 551, 554, 623, 627,
720, 721
BICROFLOPA 64, 159, 160, 184, 421,
484, 543, 584, 690
BICRONOTRIENTS 48, 201, 301, 302,
304, 373, 404, 438, 440, 491,
544, 545, 628, 632, 689, 730, 742
HICROORGANISBS 18, 18, 19, 47,
152, 160, 181, 258, 318, 358,
521, 551, 584, 584, 597, 648,
670, 739, 769
BIDOCEANIC CHAIN 391
BIGRATION 4, 14, 16, 50, 89, 102,
148, 226, 236, 245, 393, 394,
429, 435, 448, 532, 619, 683,
684, 697, 736, 737
BILK 183, 553
BILL EFFLUENTS 246
BILLS 292, 575, 747
BINE SBAFTS 420, 622, 751
BINE SPOILS 154, 462, 576
BINE TAILINGS 498
BINE HASTES 52, 498, 559
BINERAL FERTILIZER 100
BINBRAL SPRINGS 206
BINERALIZATION 453, 732
HINEEALS 14, 46, 66, 75, 78, 99.
202, 275. 345, 375, 376, 386,
469, 497, 568, 605, 609, 711, 757
BINES 154, 178, 246, 281, 292,
428, 498, 688, 776
BINING 1, 10, 185, 245, 279, 364,
575
BIHES 732
BITES 221
BIIED HASTES 623
HOBILITY 135, 206, 217, 235, 303,
311, 388, 389, 455, 456, 458,
509, 511, 523, 588, 591, 656,
667, 728, 730
BOBILIZATION 54, 87, 113, 556
BODEL 5, 18, 31, 51, 88, 190, 224,
226, 227, 309, 346, 419, 425,
442, 487, 550, 606, 614, 622,
736, 737, 784
BODEL AQUIFERS 191
HODEL ECOSYSTEH 606, 675
BODEL SOIL COLUMNS 143
BODELS 143
BOISTU8E 4, 399, 786
BOISTDHE CORRELATION 723
HOLECOLAR SPECIES 439
BOLLUSKS 45
BOLYBDATE 61
BOLYBDEN UB 491
BOLYBDENOM 1, 28, 49, 61, 112,
196, 206, 271, 272, 310, 341,
365, 370, 412, 451, 456, 509,
540, 563. 625, 626. 650, 656,
685, 758. 760, 764, 775, 791
BOLYBDENOB BINING 1
BONITORING 45, 760
BONKEYS 255
BONOCARBOXYLIC AROBATIC ACIDS 670
HONOOXETHYLABINO-DIACETIC ACID 512
BONOSODIDB HETHANEARSONATE 296
BONOSODIOB TARTRATE 220
BONTBORILLONITE 78, 85, 188, 199,
206, 210, 264, 461, 535, 585,
605, 729
BONTBONITE 729
HORNING GLORY 168
BOBPHOLOGY 428
BOSSES 4, 225, 610, 732
BOTHERROCK 56
BOUSE 652
136
-------
IWVEBENT 1. 5. 32, 33, 05. 51,
169, 190, 208, 210, 22
-------
PBAVIRB 217
PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES 568
PELAGIC ORGANISMS 391
PELITIC 619
PENICILIN 486
PEPTIZATIOH 206
PEPTIZATION REACTIONS 517
PERCOL MODEL 622
PERCOLATION 10, 129, 648
FEBLITE 299
PERMEABILITY 10, 125, 148, 380,
U87
PERMEATION 390
PEROIYACETIL NITRATE 91
PERSISTENCE 25, 134, 153, 221,
251, 285, 287, 288, 357, 378,
387, 493. 5U1, 594, 610, 620,
687, 731, 780, 782, 792
PESTICIDE 13«
PESTICIDES 19, 146. 158, 205, 215,
224, 232, 255, 260, 273, 280,
297, 321, 351, 355, 359, 372,
387, 452, 468, 484, 489, 1493,
515, 520, 534. 539, 550, 559,
571, 583, 603, 627, 680, 687,
690, 731, 750, 788
PETROLEUM 415. U53. 551
PETROLEUM ETHER 453
PH 3,
111.
110,
212,
211,
281,
326,
373,
162,
509,
562,
599,
660.
779,
U, 27, HO, 49,
127, 132, 135,
141, 165, 166,
216, 219, 220,
243, 219, 265,
285, 298, 305,
326, 330, 336,
107, 412, »17,
U82, 502, 503,
512, 522, 523,
566, 570, 576,
602, 605, 638,
666, 688, 715,
783, 792
57, 92, 96,
137, 139,
187, 206,
235, 238,
274, 275.
310, 311,
365, 366,
435, 441,
506, 507,
515, 552,
581, 593,
611, 655,
740. 775.
PHEASANT 26
PHENOL 181, 182, 257, 121, 177,
U78, 709, 739, 769
PHENOLIC DEGRADATION 323
PHENOLIC HYDROCARBONS 476
PHENOLOXIDASE 181
PHENOLS 1U3, 144
PHENOIIDE 552
PHENOXYETHYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE 281
PHENTHIDHAB 453
PHENYL ETHER 552
PHENYL RADICALS 60
PHBNYLMERCURIC ACETATE 3U, 281,
536
PHENYLHEBCOBY 255, 536
PHENYLHEBCURY ACETATE 620
PHORATE 251
PHOSPHATE 91
PHOSPHATES 57, 75, 127, 128, 1*6,
185, 213, 221, 235, 276, 306,
554, 702, 779
PHOSPBINE 297, 297
PHOSPHORIC ACID 91, 453
PHOSPHORUS 3, 4,
-------
POULTRY 255, 516
POWER LIMES 291
POWER PLANTS 76. 77, 136, 392, 6B1
PRAIRIES 364
PRECIPITATION 52, 60, 96, 256,
264, 330, 409, 521, 539, 586,
612, 626
PBECIPITATION WASHOUT 9
PREDOMINANT MINERAL 535
PRODUCTION RECOVERY 235
PROGRESS REPORTS 752, 753
PROBETHIUH 208
PROMETHIUM 147 5*2
PROPANE 62
PROPAZINE 217
PROPIONIC ACID 15
PROSPECTING l», 325, 445, 456, 767
PROTEIN ORIA 234
SROTEINUHIA 225, 230
PROTON ACCELERATORS 99
PHOTONS 265
PULP HILLS 281
PYHIBIDINE 184
PTRITE 311, 619
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 157
QDARTZ 2, 349, 609
QUINONES 478
RACEBIC DOPA 469
RADIATION
-------
ROT BEN ID H 106 11, 15, 396, 542,
553, 745
BIB 80, 185, 373
SAFETY 752
SALINITY 158, 281, 394, 425, 750
SALMON FBI 281
SALT 593
SALT HUBSBBS 778
SALT SICKNESS 310
SALTS 120, 220, 244, 388, 398,
586. 697, 719
SAHPIE HOMOGENIZATION 281
SAMPLING 148, 245, 281, 431, 685
SARD 73. 86, 216, 271, 299, 309,
324, 334, 341, 360. 429, 450.
548. 586, 605, 664, 683, 687,
698, 779, 781, 785
SAHDOSPHATES 326
SANDS 429
SAMDSa»SILT 429
SAHDI CLAI 271
SAHDY LOAM 134, 298, 507, 696, 779
SASDY SOILS 11. 185, 206
SAHITABY CLEARAHCE ZOHES 562
SANITARY ENGINEERING 680
SANITARY LANDFILLS 237, 644
SATURATION 211, 313, 346
SCANDIUM 46 99, 473
SCIDENS 235
SEA 14, 24, 44, 275, 541
SEA RATER 44, 281, 425, 432, 695,
695
SEALS 255
SEASHORE 732
SEASONAL VARIATIONS 456, 458, 610,
614
SEDIHENTATION 391, 633, 778, 778
SEDIHENTATION WASTES 52
SEDIMENTS 13, 44, 192, 235, 240,
241, 281, 311, 317, 330, 400,
419, 422, 431, 519, 541, 553,
579, 602, 605, 695
SEED 453, 631
SEED DRESSING STATIONS 281
SEED DRESSINGS 309, 356
SEED GERMINATION 140
SEEDING 237
SEEDLINGS 299, 616
SEEDS 321, 629
SEEDS DISINFECTANTS 453
SEEPAGE 52, 487
SELECTION 307
SELBNATES 61, 81, 129
SELENIFEBOOS BLACK SBALES 415
SELENIFEHOOS SOILS 415
SELENITE 61, 81
SELEMIDB 28. 49, 81, 117, 128.
129, 140, 206, 218, 229, 250,
310, 311, 339, 341, 415, 509,
566, 595, 617, 685, 775, 783
SELENIUM OXIDES 80
SELEIIOH 75 80, 282
SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS 548
SELINIDES 119
SENSITIVE SPECIES 3
SEQUESTERING AGENTS 131
SEBPENTINE 698
SEBPEHTINE SOILS 161, 592, 649
SEHPENTINITE 185
SESQUIOXIDES 506, 588, 696
SEWAGE 3, 6, 10, 47, 148, 213,
281, 310, 328, 427. 429, 443,
680, 691, 692, 693, 694, 765
SEWAGE DISPOSAL 680
SEWAGE EFFLUENTS 429
SEWAGE IRRIGATION 680
SEWAGE SLUDGE 4, 28, 100, 154,
225, 235, 310, 328, 373, 567,
576, 594, 706
SHALE 23
SHELLFISH 235, 255
SRBOBS 523
SILICA 185, 588, 605
SILICATES 75. 122, 170, 702, 715,
716
SILICIC ACID 715, 772
SILICO-FEBRIC GELS 569
SILICON 206, 569
SILKWORMS 381
SILT 169, 238, 324, 334, 417, 586,
779, 781
SILT LOAM 36, 417
SILTS 429
SILTSTONE 619
SILTY CLAY 324
SILTY CLAY LOAM 781
SILTY LOAM 251
SILVER 140, 154, 231, 268, 317,
377, 608, 611
SILVBB NITBATE 570
SILVEB 110 238
SIBAZIRE 125, 217
SIUOLATION MODEL 226
SKIN CAHCEB 652
SLAG 41, 610
SLIHICIDBS 255
SLOPES 611
SLODES 3
SLUDGE 6, 7, 371, 421. 489, 576,
748, 765
SLUDGE DISPOSAL 559
SLUDGE TREATMENT 7 , 443
SLUBBIES 52, 238
SMECTITE 85
SMELTEB PLANTS 207
SHELTEBS 42, 95, 140, 178, 193,
207, 225, 235, 292, 337, 366,
382, 401, 407, 413, 445, 523,
562, 610, 722, 783
SMOKE 76, 468, 611, 646, 750
SNOW 413, 586, 771
SNUFF 225
SOD PODZOLIC SOILS 30
SODDY SOILRATION 394
SODIUM 16, 53, 57. 125, 135, 206,
247, 339, 409, 430, 491, 549,
552, 586, 688, 709
SODIOH AHSENATE 597, 772, 781
SODIUM ABSENITE 618, 687, 772
SODIUM CHLORATE 285
SODIUM CHLORIDES 408, 586
SODIOH COMPOUNDS 719
SODIUH HYDBOGEN HBTHANEABSONATE
746
SODIUH PENTACHLOBOPHENOXIDE 552
SODIDH SELENITE 341
SODIUM 22 45, 99, 238
SOIL 16, 654, 681
SOIL ANALYSIS 1, 53
SOIL CHEHISTBY 539
SOIL COLLOIDS 206
SOIL COLUMN 143
140
-------
SOIL COLUMNS 111, 622
SOIL COMPOSITION 100, 600
SOIL CONTAMINATION 307
SOIL CONTAMINATION ACT 307
SOIL ENRICHMENT I'M
SOIL FAUHA 126, 776
SOIL FILTRATION 1429
SOIL MANTLE 472
SOIL MATRIX U37
SOIL HOISTOPE 35, 73, 11)1, 288,
399, U55, 570, 723, 755
SOIL NITROGEN 783
SOIL PROFILES 21U, 331
SOIL STERILIZATION 113
SOIL ZINC 717
SOIL-DERIVED OCEAN POLLUTION 339
SOIL-FORMING PROCESSES 569
SOILS 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24.
25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33,
3«, 35, 36, 37, 38,
-------
SDLPITE 285
SOLPONB 251
SOLFOR 53, 75, 81, 91, 95, 134,
110, 206, 263, 392, 559
SOLFOR DIOXIDE 91, 140, 523, 562,
646, 761
SOLFOR OXIDES 193, 251, 559
SOLFOR 35 719
SOLFORIC ACID 91, 562, 628, 719
SOLPBATE 245
SOPEHPHOSPHATE 216, 3U1, 774
SORFACE CHARGE 66
SORFACE CONCENTRATIONS 442
SORFACE CONTAMINATION 594
SORFACE iATER 311
SOHFACTANTS 213, 550
SOSPENDED SOLIDS 148
SBAYBACK 310
SSORDFISH 255
SYHPTOHOLOGY 206, 255, 780 , 235
SYNTHETIC IROH 772
TACOSITE HASTES 52
TADZHIKISTAN SOILS 798
TAILINGS 52, 215, 610
TAILINGS BASIN 52
TANKAGE 663
TANNIN 354
TAR 476
TCPC 453
TEA 1
TELLORATE 61
TELLORIDBS 119
TELL OH IT E 61
TBBAITE 763
TERATOGBNS 225, 235
TERRA ROSSA 341
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM 124, 385,
470, 524, 574, 591
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEBS 45,.549
TESTES 235
TETBAETHYL LEAD 319
TETRAMHIBB 197
TETRASODIOB EDTA «53
TEXTILE INDUSTRY 7
THALLIOfl 49, 210, 231, 461
THALLION IONS 461
THERMAL ATCHIZATION 608
THERMAL ELECTRIC POUER STATIONS 76
THERMODYNAMICS 286, 345
THERHOGRAHS 713
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY 38, 251,
709, 746
THIOBACILLOS , 395
THIRAM 47
THIIOTROPY 206
THYNINE 184
TICKBNING 52
TIDES 425
TILLAGE 147
TIN 49, 206, 371, 395, 509, 611
TIRES 337
TISSOE 80, 282, 710
TISSOEHEATHER BODIFICATION 194
TITANIOB 206, 509, 559, 619
TITRATION 453
THTD 453
TOBACCO 225, 235, 687, 725
TOLERANCE U28, 431, 780, 783
TOMATOES 139, 140, 464
TOPICAL COATING 793
TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS 366
TOPSOIL 515
TOHTOOSITY 755
TOTAL 206
TOXIC HETALS 312, 313
TRACE ELEMENTS 1, 4, 20, 28, 56,
86, 103, 113, 141, 142, 154, 164,
176, 186, 192, 206, 223, 253,
254, 261, 265, 300, 310, 339,
348, 349, 361, 362, 370, 394,
412, 429, 435, 437, 444, 454,
455, 491, 494, 497, 509, 510,
528, 532, 538, 539, 540, 544,
549, 563, 567, 568, 594, 608,
628, 632, 634. 660, 661, 665,
689, 698, 699. 707, 711, 715,
730, 740, 741, 764, 787, 788, 791
TRACB BLEHTNS 104
TRACE METALS 5, 236, 587
TRACER 331, 553, 570
TRACER ACETIC ACID 190
TRACER TECHNIQUES 473, 553, 718,
719
TRAFFIC 367, 413, 794
TRAFFIC AOTOHOBILE EBISSIONS 676
TRAFFIC WASTE 58U
TEANSFORBATION 47, 71, 284, 512,
521, 569, 668, 670
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 209
TRANSITION METALS 374
THANSLOCATION 95, 132, 168, 235,
337, 405, 497, 523, 523, 620,
762, 793
TRANSPIRATION 391
TRANSPORT 1, 31, 45, 52, 79, 99,
138, 143, 194, 224, 224, 225,
226, 227, 246, 260, 273, 311,
329, 346, 411, 419, 442, 470,
518, 532, 538, 539, 574, 591,
606, 614, 651, 675. 684, 697,
719, 736, 737, 762
TRANSOHANIC ELEMENTS 591
TREATMENT METHODS 647
TREATKENT PLANT 7, 647
TREES 95, 140, 277, 322, 364, 445,
492, 523, 562, 613, 616, 620,
767, 771
THEBOLITE 122
TRIAZINE 285, 530
TRIAZOLE 269
TRICHLORFON 570
TRICHLOHOPHENOLATB 453
TRIF LORALIN 125
TRIMETHYLABINE 47
TRITIATED iATEH 227, 763
TRITIOB 45, 99, 227
TROPHIC LEVELS 574
TOBERS 525
TONA 255
TONGSTBN 231
TONGSTEN 185 777
TOBBOLBNCE 246
TOBF PLANTS 209
TORFGRASS 252
ONDEBGROOND 51, 751
ONDERGROOND AQOIFERS 7, 10, 148,
256, 276, 420
ONDBRGROORD MOVEMENT 51
OPTAKE 4, 11, 21, 35, 81, 103,
132, 225, 235, 252, 299,. 337,
338, 366, 371, 399, 405,r443,
445, 509, 523, 548, 553,-591,
594, 598, 613, 620, 673, 687.
702, 703, 717, 718, 778^ 792, 793 , 605
DBACIL 184, 786
142
-------
206, 785
OBANYL 785
URBAN 74, 225, 316, 465, 59«. 760
URBAN HOUSING 74
DREA 570, 630
ORIHE 178, 225, 233, 282, 577
UTILIZATION 149, 393
VACOUR FILTRATION 52
VALLEYS 611
VANADATB 61
VANADIOH 19. 196, 206, 254, 316,
509, 5UO
VANADIOR 18 99
VANAOTL 61
VAPAH 53U
VAPOB 255, 663
VAPOR AERATION STSTEH 481
VAPOR LOSSES 565
VAPOR PRESSORE 235
VAPORIZATIOH 480, 559
VARIATIONS 80
VEGETABLES 3, 225, U51. 523, 758,
760
VEGETATION 118, 160, 178, 183,
218, 292, 316, 319, 379, 391,
407.
-------
ZINC 65 35, U», »5, 238, 282, 396,
5U2, 677, 719
ZIRCOHIOS 509
ZIRCONIUM 95 US, 396, 677
1,2-DIBEOHO-3-CHLOROPOBP»HE 130
2.3-DIBROBOBUTAHES 130
2.U-D 55, 552
5,6-DIHrDBOXt IHDOLE ED HELAHIM
BEHTONITE 169
144
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-79-024a
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Volume 1. Selected Metals
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Emily D. Copenhaver and Benita K. Wilkinson
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Toxic Materials Information Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO (FY79-1 DC818)
ROAP aiBFO, Task 002 1DB064
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Interagency Agreement
EPA-IAG-D4-F476
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also Volume 2. Pesticides, EPA-600/9-79-024b
Project Officer: Mike H. Roulier (513) 684-7871
16. ABSTRACT
This bibliography is intended for use by personnel concerned, either via research
or management, with the disposal of hazardous wastes, other than sewage sludge, on
land. It is the result of a search of recent literature (1970 through 1974) and
includes information on the transport, transformation, and soil retention of arsenic,
asbestos, beryllium cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc,
halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides, and other hazardous substances. About half of
the 2000 entries include an abstract. To limit the size of the resulting publication,
the literature search focused on processes directly related to transport (adsorption,
ion exchange, etc.) and documentation of the occurrence and extent of transport while
specifically excluding topics such as uptake and translocation by plants, theoretical
modeling, and effects on microorganisms and processes mediated by microorganisms.
The bibliography has been divided into two volumes to facilitate its use. Volume 1
contains all the hazardous substances studied except pesticides; Volume 2 contains
the pesticide citations.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
hazardous Materials
*Transport Properties
Attenuation
Disposal
Metals
Organic Compoun
Contaminants
Adsorption
Pollutant Migration
Us Ion Exchange
^Bibliography Waste
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
151
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
145
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979 -657-060/5442
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