Micro Survey - Acoustic Core and Physical Core Inter-Relationship With Spatial Variation, Trenton Channel of the Detroit River: Final Report (Vol. I,II, and III)


        United States
        Environmental Protection
        Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago. Illinois 60604
EPA-905-R-99-003
March 1999
&EPA   Final Report
         Micro Survey -Acoustic Core and
         Physical  Core  Inter-Relations
         with  Spatial Variation, Trenton
         Channel of the Detroit River
        Volumes I, II and III

-------
MICRO SURVEY
ACOUSTIC CORE AND PHYSICAL CORE
INTER - RELATIONSHIP WITH SPATIAL VARIATION,
TRENTON CHANNEL OF THE DETROIT RIVER
PROJECT SUMMARY

AUTHORS

David Caulfield1 and John C. Filkins2

'CAULFIELD ENGINEERING, INC., OROVILLE, WA.
2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health
and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Mid-Continental Ecology Division-Duluth,
Community Based Science Support Staff, 9311 Groh Rd., Grosse He, Mi. 48138 (To whom
correspondence should be addressed)

INTRODUCTION

Historic practices of discharging toxics into our harbors and rivers have created the
problem of in-place pollutants in sediments. These sediments exhibit elevated concentrations of
contaminants which may have adverse effects on the local biota as well as humans. The
managers of these harbors and rivers are faced with the task of making decisions regarding
sediment remediation. In order to facilitate the decision-making process, the managers must
evaluate the degree of contamination, the potential for sediment resuspension and the ecological
effects of the contaminated sediments.

A cost effective and rapid means of mapping the distribution of sediments in harbors and
rivers is required to facilitate the remedial decisions facing environmental managers. Models are
being developed to predict the potential for sediment erosion in harbors and rivers. These
models require an accurate mapping of sediments.

The development of an acoustical subbottom profiling system will provide three main
products that will assist in bringing sites around the Great Lakes basin closer to remediation:

1. On the assessment side, it will help focus sediment sampling work at those areas where soft
sediments are situated and thus, where the contaminants are located. Rather than sampling in the
hopes of finding sediments, this technology will pinpoint exactly where and how deep the soft
sediment deposits are. Thus, much time and money can be saved in the sediment assessment and
characterization phase of a project.

2. At the remediation phase of a project, the use of this equipment will provide accurate volume
information for development of remedial scenarios. Because the remediation of contaminated

-------
sediments is very expensive, it is very important to accurately delineate the vertical and
horizontal extent of sediment "hot spots" prior to initiating a clean-up action.

3. Additionally, this system will provide the technology to evaluate post-remediation conditions.

In 1988, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station (WES), began
development of a waterborne seismic acoustic impedance technique for the characterization of
bottom and subbottom sediments in marine waters as it relates to removal by dredging. In 1994,
WES working with Caulfied Engineering, completed the development of this rapid geophysical
technique using acoustics to characterize bottom and subbottom conditions. The results of this
technique were statistically within 10 percent of the results obtained from sediment core
analyses.

The USEPA, through an interagency agreement, requested WES to optimize this
acoustical technique for mapping in shallow water (2-30 feet), where sediments exhibit a high
degree of spatial variation, contamination and micro gas bubbles. The WES working with
Caulfield Engineering optimized the technique, as requested, and demonstrated the acoustical
impedance technique at two locations in the Trenton Channel, Detroit River, Michigan.
PROCEDURE / METHODOLOGY

The acoustic impedance technique utilizes an empirical model which classifies sediment
stratigraphy according to established relationships between acoustical impedance and
geotechnical properties. Classical multi layer reflective mathematics are used to compute
reflection coefficients which are converted to acoustical impedance values using basic sonar
equations. The relationships between acoustical impedance and geotechnical properties have
been established in the literature (Hamilton, 1970, 1980) and form the data base used in the
model. The model is corrected for local conditions; for example, micro gas bubbles and
contaminants in the sediments, and computes estimates of sediment density at the surface and at
depth. These density estimates are then placed in density categories, such as rock, sand, silt,
clay, etc.

Once computed, sediment density categories, were plotted as surface contour maps and
also as cross sectional plots along the survey lines showing sediment density group distribution
at depth. These density data could also be plotted by three dimensional plotting software using
the ASCII files generated, which provide state plane coordinates for each density data point.

Two demonstration sites, each 100 meters by 100 meters, in the Trenton Channel were
selected for water depth and spatial variations in sediment distribution. The water depth ranged
from a few feet to 30 feet and the sediments in the study areas exhibited a high degree of spatial
variability, contamination and gas. Survey lines in the study area were established at 10 meter
offsets.

-------
A key component leading to the accuracy of this technique is the calibration and
monitoring of all instruments used to collect the acoustic data. Sediment cores were also
collected to correct for local conditions which may differ from the standard marine sediment
library. In addition, cores were collected at precisely known locations of acoustic data for
comparison of acoustically estimated geotechnical properties and the measured geotechnical
properties in the cores.

RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS

Two sites in the Trenton Channel, Detroit River were surveyed during this demonstration
project. Sediment deposits of the Elizabeth Park site were very localized and exhibited extreme
lateral variability. Hard compact sediment is often exposed with depositional sediment thickness
ranging from 0 to about 1 meter with a volume of approximately 530 m3.

Depositional sediment dominates the surface area of the Black Lagoon site with some
areas of exposed rock and hard compact sediment. Sediment is less localized and exhibits less
spatial variability than the Elizabeth Park site. Depositional sediment thickness ranged from 0 to
about 2.25 meters with a volume of approximately 3,070 m3.

The project demonstrated the existence of sediment fluff or foam over-laying some of the
surface sediments. This fluff was found both by the piston cores and in the high frequency
acoustic records. The role of this fluff in the transport of contaminants and the effect on
sediment resuspension should be further studied.

The Acoustic Core© System was shown to be capable of mapping in shallow water
where sediments exhibit a high degree of spatial variation. Existing software was modified and
additional software written to meet the challenge of acoustically mapping sediments in shallow
waters where sediments exhibit spatial variability and contain micro gas bubbles.

At sites where sediment cores were collected, sediment core statrigraphy was compared
to the acoustically-estimated stratigraphy and good agreement was generally observed. In
addition, there was agreement between acoustical data and cores collected the year before.

The Caulfield Engineering plotting software demonstrated the ability to create cross
sectional plots of acoustical data expressed as sediment density groups (sand, silt, clay, etc). The
cross sectional plots provide a tool, usable by managers, for the visualization of sediment
distribution and volume. This type of surveying and mapping provides the reconnaissance tool
needed in designing and implementing cost efficient assessment of contaminated sediments.

-------
                   FINAL REPORT
    MICRO SURVEY - ACOUSTIC CORE AND
 PHYSICAL CORE INTER - RELATIONS WITH
               SPATIAL VARIATION,
TRENTON CHANNEL OF THE DETROIT RIVER
                      VOLUME I
    FIELD ACTIVITIES AND CALIBRATION
                 DOCUMENTATION
                         Prepared

                     December 30, 1995



                           By

                     David Caulfield
               Caulfield Engineering, Incorporated
                       Oroville, WA

                          And

                      John C. Filkins
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development
      National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
              Mid-Continental Ecology Division-Duluth
              Community Based Science Support Staff
               9311 Groh Rd., Grosse He, MI 48138

-------
This report was prepared for the U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experimental Station
under contract No. DACW39-95-C-0070. This report meets one of the deliverables for
the  Interagency  Agreement,   DW96947730-01-0, between U.S.  ACOE/Waterways
Experimental Station  and  U.S. EPA/Great Lakes National Program  Office and U.S.
EPA/National Health and Environmental Effects Research  Laboratory/Mid-Continental
Ecology Division-Duluth/Communiry Based Science Support Staff.
                                     11

-------
CONTENTS
1.0   INTRODUCTION  	   1

2.0   PROJECT DESCRIPTION	   2

      2.1   Background 	  2
      2.2   Site Overview	  2
      2.3   Project Objectives 	  3

           2.3.1  Experimental Design 	  5

      2.4   Project Field Schedule 	  7

3.0   QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES SUMMARY 	  9

      3.1   Measurement Quality Procedures 	 10
      3.2   The Survey Reflection Coefficient, Calibration Model, and
           Acoustic Impedance 	 15

           3.2.1  The Sonar Equation 	17
           3.2.2  Acoustic Impedance 	20

      3.3   Transmission Loss Model for Linearity 	21

4.0   MOBILIZATION ACTIVITIES AND EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION	22

      4.1   Vessel Layout, Transducer Placement and Equipment Configuration .... 22
      4.2   3.5/7.0 ORE Equipment Organization 	 24
      4.3   Boomer Equipment Organization 	24
      4.4   Radar Systems 	27
      4.5   Core Velocimeter Systems 	28

5.0   SURVEY ACTIVITIES SUMMARY	29
                                  111

-------
       5.1  Area Overview 	29
       5.2  Summary of Field Logs	29
       5.3  Quality Assurance Logging Procedures (Examples) 	29
       5.4  Navigation Procedures and Interface to Data	32

 6.0    SITE CORE INFORMATION	 36

       6.1  Field Core Logging	36

 7.0    DETAILED CALIBRATION ANALYSIS	39

       7.1  'CAL1' Windows Program 	39
       7.2  Detailed Calibration Statistical Analysis 	42

           7.2.1  Transmit Levels  	49
           7.2.2  Receiver Levels  	51
           7.2.3  Performance Summary	62

       7.3  Initial Reflection (Bottom  Loss) Results 	62
       7.4  Spectral Results	64

 8.0    INITIAL CONCLUSIONS 	65
 9.0    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  	67
 10.0   BIBLIOGRAPHY 	 68

APPENDIX

Al     Detailed Field Logs	Al-1
A2     Detailed Navigation Logs (USEPA-LLRS) 	 A2-1
A3     Complete Corrected Navigation  Logs 	A3-1
A4     Field Core Logs, Velocity Logs, and Resistivity Measurements	A4-1
A5     Selected Calibration Analysis Sheets and Logs 	 A5-1
A6     Amplifier Gain Curves 	A6-1
A7     Standard Sediment Properties Table 	A7-1
                                    IV

-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Significant deposits of contaminated sediment occur in many waterways near
urban centers, including those of the Great Lakes basin. Some of these deposits have
accumulated for decades and reflect historic loadings of pollution from cities, industry
and agricultural runoff. These deposits continue to contaminate benthic and pelagic
organisms through various transport and fate processes. The removal, treatment and
disposal of these contaminants may be extremely costly.

A cost effective and rapid means of mapping the distribution of sediments in
harbors and rivers is required to facilitate the remediation decisions facing environmental
managers. Models are being developed to predict the potential for sediment erosion in
harbors and rivers. An accurate prediction of sediment resuspension by these models
requires accurate mapping of sediments.

This final report has been prepared in three volumes. Each volume was originally
delivered as an interim project report. Upon completion of the
final volume the interim reports were edited and a final report
consisting of a three volume set and executive summary was
prepared. The three volumes include:

Volume I: Field Activities and Calibration Documentation (December 30,
1995). This volume summarizes field acquisition and calibration
procedures. Highlights of the field activities, associated field logs
and corrected file navigation, and the results of an extended
calibration program are provided.
Volume II: Core Analysis and Summary Findings (Documentation (Caulfield
Engineering Report March 23, 1996). This volume relates the
acoustic properties of the sediments to the physical properties of
the cores at selected sites.
Volume III: Normal and Contaminated Sedimentary Distribution Maps
(Documentation (Caulfield Engineering Report May, 1997).
Volume III provides final outputs identifying contaminated layer
cross-sections as well as estimated dredging volumes. Also
presented are new spatial analysis techniques developed to
accommodate the spatial variations and contaminants/gas content
of the Trenton Channel sediments.

-------
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Background

Both the Army Corps of Engineers/Water Ways Experimental Station (USACE-
WES) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research and
Development/Mid-Continent Ecology Division/Community Based Science Support Staff
(USEPA/MED/CBSSS) have research interest in mapping sediment in harbors and rivers
by acoustic profiling. In 1994 the Great Lakes National Program Office, The Michigan
Department of Natural Resources and USEPA/MED/CBSSS conducted a sediment
survey by contract with Caulfield Engineering using the Acoustic Core® system. The
survey of the Detroit River's Trenton Channel demonstrated that the Acoustic Core0
system has the potential for mapping the sediment hi harbors and rivers of the Great
Lakes. The 1994 survey results identified high spatial variance in sediment distribution
and possible gas content in these sediments. The acoustic method required optimization
for use in shallow water (2 ft. to 30 ft.) and areas which exhibit a high degree of sediment
spatial variability.

The USEPA requested that USAGE-WES optimize the Acoustic Corer. Two sites
on the Trenton Channel, Elizabeth Park and Black Lagoon, were selected for micro-
surveys to demonstrate the Acoustic Corer and to confirm the 1994 observations. The
request required survey grids of very closely spaced (5-10 meters) observation lines with
high ping repetition rates. In addition, ground truth piston cores were to be taken at
calibration sites and other sites of interest. The data were to be acquired and processed
with the Caulfield Engineering Acoustic Core suite of software. Final project outputs
were to include identification of the location and volume of depositional sediment, survey
line cross section plots of horizontal and vertical sediment distribution by density group,
and to specify the acoustic properties of the possible contaminated sediments.

2.2 Site Overview

The Detroit River has been identified by the International Joint Commission as an
Area of Concern due to a number of water quality problems, including contaminated
sediments and degraded benthic communities. In addition, the river is also listed under
the Michigan Environmental Response Act (P.A. 307, 1982 as amended) due to
contaminated sediments.

-------
Sediment studies conducted under the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels
Study (USEPA and EC, 1988) ,and other research activities, documented sediments
contaminated with metals, PCBs, and oil and grease (Farara and Burt, 1993) in multiple
locations in the Detroit River and Trenton Channel. Impaired uses relating to
contaminated sediments, as identified in the Detroit River Stage 1 Remedial Action Plan
(MDEQ, 1987), include restrictions on dredging activities, degraded benthic
communities, exceeding Michigan Water Quality Criteria for fish consumption
advisories, and increased incidence offish tumors.

The Trenton Channel is located in the lower Detroit River between Grosse He and
the Michigan mainland, Figure 2-1. It is approximately nine miles in length and carries
21 percent of the total river flow, with an average velocity of 1.08 to 1.9 ft/sec. The
Detroit River and Trenton Channel, a heavily industrialized area and a major navigation
route, has been identified as severely degraded in terms of water and sediment quality and
benthic communities (USEPA and EC, 1988). Numerous point sources in the area
include steel plants, waste water treatment plants and chemical and automotive
manufacturing industries. Concentration of arsenic, nickel, PCBs, and oil and grease in
Trenton Channel sediments have been found to exceed the recommended guidelines for
sediments (Long and Morgan, 1990; Persaud et al., 1993). Data from various sediment
Toxicity tests conducted showed sever impacts compared to other Detroit River locations
and reference stations for a number of biota tested (Giesy et al., 1988).

2.3 Project Objectives

The primary objective of the USEPA-USACE-Caulfield Engineering effort was
the acquisition of micro-survey data using the Acoustic Core0 system and the processing
and analysis of selected results and sites to determine the sediment stratigraphy in near
shore areas of the Trenton Channel. Two specific sites were chosen to demonstrate soft
sediment mapping, allowing the calculation of volume estimates.

This project uses the Acoustic Core6 suite of software to identify and map the
gross distribution of these sediments as presented in this report. Piston core data was
required to calibrate the acoustic process. It is important to note that the exact
engineering geo-acoustic properties of the marine sediments versus the various types of
pollutants is not known. It is only known that pollutants and or micro-gas bubbles
contained in sediment change the acoustic properties, and in some cases radically, from
standard marine sediments. Data shows (volume II) that as the gross contaminants
(observed from the chemical analysis of the USEPA vibra-cores collected in 1994)
increase the deviation of the bottom loss from similar non-contaminated marine
sediments increases.

-------
  TRENTON CHANNEL STUDY AREA
                                                 N
    City of Gibraltar
Lake Erie
 Elizabeth Park Site

, / City of Trenton
        Black Lagoon Site
              City of Riverview
                    Free Bridge

                       Grosse He
                                                CityofWyandotte
                                                Trenton Channel
                                                Study Area

-------
       The tasks listed in the interagency agreement between EPA and ACOE included:

       >  Optimize the Acoustic Corer for use mapping,  in shallow water (  2ft-30ft),
       where sediments exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity .

       >  Demonstrate the accuracy of the Acoustic Corer  to characterize sediment type
       and map the distribution of sediment type at depth.  The demonstration should
       take place at three sites (shallow, medium and deeper water depths) in the Trenton
       Channel, Detroit River.

       >  Collect  and conduct the necessary geophysical  characterization of sediment
       cores needed for calibration and validation of the acoustic corer.

       >  At the demonstration sites provide mapping  of the distribution of the soft
       sediment.

       >  Provide a written report on the Acoustic Corer  Optimization, describing the
       rational, approach and results.

       >  Provide a survey report on the demonstration site surveys.  This report is to
       include:

              1.  A description of the Acoustic Corer and the fundamentals of operation
             2.  The survey design
             3.  Results of the survey
             4.  Graphical mapping of the sediment distribution for each site
             5.  A calculation of the volume of soft sediment at each site

       Without the detailed  Quality Assurance Program  carried  out  during  the  field
exercises this project would not have succeeded. The Quality Assurance  Program enabled
absolute calibrations of the sound sources, which  in turn  allowed for the quantitative
identification of the sediment types.

2.3.1 Experimental Design

       The data acquisition procedures encompass standard shallow subbottom profiling
techniques in which a sound source emanates a sound  signal (source) and the reflection
from the bottom and subbottom are received on an array or transducer (receiver).  Various
sound  sources and receivers  are used with different amplifiers to format the  data for
proper digitizing and data storage.  The selection of source and receiver  combinations are
a function of the soil types,  the depths of sound  penetration and vertical  resolution
required.  Based on the experience of the previous year's Trenton Channel survey, a

-------
number of different systems were made available. The following list summarizes the
equipment supplied and by which organization:

1) ORE 7.0/3.5 KHz Finger (CE) - Medium and high frequency sound data.
Provides good resolution of the surface reflection coefficients and penetration into
soft sediments.

2) Boomer and Towed Array (CE) - Low frequency sound data. Provides
deeper penetration into polluted and sand materials. Resolution is limited.

3) CE-1000 Amplifiers (CE) - Provides analog amplification of the received
data to condition the data for optimum digitizing. Amplifier calibration provides
for the gain value for the calibration sonar equation and as input to the Acoustic
Core0 system.

4) Khron-Hite Filter (CE) - Provides for noise isolation in the frequency
domain.

5) CE Calibration Hydrophones (CE) - Provides for direct measurement of
source level and bottom reflectivity.

6) 386 Computers (CE) - For the digital acquisition of the data, system
calibration, and data processing. These computers had have a standard printer and
math coprocessor. Caulfield Engineering will supply one 230 Mega-byte
Magneto-Optical hard drive for data storage.

7) Navigation (USEPA) - Positioning was provided by real time differentially
corrected GPS.

8) Ground Penetrating Radar (CE) - Used to measure shallow water layering as
a calibration input into the Acoustic systems which have difficulty determining
water depths in very shallow water.

9) Piston Core (CE) - Standard 3" piston core was provided by Caulfield
Engineering and operated with the aid of the USEPA staff. Nineteen cores sites
were acquired.

10) Prototype Core Velocimeter - A prototype core velocimeter was provided by
Caulfield Engineering so that the sound velocity and absorption could be
measured immediately after the core was brought to the surface. This would
allow testing for gas content before the gas could dissipate. Gas content was
confirmed.

-------
11) Precision Core Velocimeter - The USAGE provided, at WES, a precision
core velocimeter that was built to near National Bureau of Standards precision.
These measurements confirmed the in-field absorption measurements for the
presence of gas.

The prime data acquisition mode is digital and is controlled by the CE DF25
Digital Acquisition software. This software has the ability to ensure quality by indicating
that the data is not clipped and that the S/N exceeds 5 db. The data was stored on 230
Mega-byte disks.

Data are processed with the Acoustic Core AC50 and AC60, and the new CAL1,
programs to produce bottom reflectivity and impedance, and subbottom reflectivity and
impedance. Caulfield Engineering also developed a new Acoustic Core Reflection/Sign
program, ACRS1, which generates ASCII files of the best estimate of the reflection sign
and the bottom loss for the ping data.

The Digital Spectral Analysis software (DSA10) is used to confirm frequency
content and to examine absorption. As long as the data is not clipped the data is of high
quality.

System source calibration is obtained with the calibration hydrophone in
combination with the DF25 program and the new CAL1 Windows program. Results
were computed and statistically processed over 8000 pings or traces and provide the
source and receiver levels in decibels (db). The mean measurements are accurate to
within 97% for source and receiver levels after correcting for the vessel handling and
electrical problems.

The exact accuracy of the acoustic subbottom stratigraphy cannot be specified
until data acquired over the reference cores is processed in full. The acoustic data was
collected simultaneously with the coring to get detailed analytical correlation and has
been processed and presented in Volume II. Detailed explanations, accuracies,
procedures, of the final results are presented in subsequent Sections and Volumes II and
III.

The step by step method for the mathematical computation of the impedance and
depth estimates are given in 'Prediction of Shallow Subbottom Sediment Acoustic
Impedance while Estimating Absorption and other Losses', D.D. Caulfield and Yung-
Chang Yim, CSEG, Vol. 19, No. l(Dec. 1983) P. 44-50.

2.4 Project Field Schedule

The project was scheduled to commence on July 24, 1995. The project was started
7

-------
on time and Table 2-1 summarizes the major activities daily along with the survey and
calibration stations by file names. Appendix A provides the detailed data acquisition field
log. The following items highlight the major milestones to be undertaken by Caulfield
Engineering.

       1) Equipment Mobilization   July 24-25, 1995. This includes equipment testing
and shipping of the survey equipment to the site and the setup aboard the survey vessel.

       2) Field   Collection - June 26, 1995 to August 4,  1995.  This included  system
calibration at the multiple core locations, collection of survey data at the Elizabeth Park
and Black Lagoon sites, and in-field calibrations  over specific areas of interest with
nineteen cores taken.

       3) Data Processing -  Preliminary processing to verify system linearity and data
quality was carried out on  the research vessel "Mudpuppy" by Caulfield Engineering.
Individual site calibration were of low standard deviation.  It was only on the completion
of the field effort that it was discovered that there was a small site to site variance with
the pinger data. Noise problems affected the calibration of the boomer and limited field
time did not allow for the exact determination of the cause. These variance problems will
be discussed in detail in subsequent sections.

-------
3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES
SUMMARY

The key to a successful survey is the development and adherence to a detailed
quality assurance plan. Such a plan was developed prior to the implementation of the
Trenton channel survey. The Quality Assurance Project Plan comprised the following
steps: General area geology and sediment distribution was estimated; expected optimum
sound sources were chosen; reconnaissance surveys were undertaken; engineering and
calibration specifications were selected, reconnaissance surveys were executed and initial
data processing was undertaken. Using these initial results a detailed Quality Assurance
Plan was developed which met the study objectives.

The Acoustic Core0 method utilizes a strict engineering approach applied to
solving the basic sonar equations. The key to success is the calibration and monitoring of
all system components. Utilizing these calibration procedures, together with data
exhibiting high signal to noise ratio and seismic reflection data (bottom Loss), data were
processed and an accurate density and sediment type classification produced. Use of the
Acoustic Core0 system by untrained personnel is an invitation to disaster because of the
high requirement for quality control and expert analysis and interpretation.

One of the main functions of the Acoustic Core0 system was to act as a quality
control monitor. It did this in several ways. First, it maximized the dynamic range and
Signal-to-Noise (S/N) of the data acquired while preventing clipping. Second, correct
field procedures ensured the prevention of aliasing, the digital sampling of data at to low
a sample rate, by ensuring that the proper sampling rates (greater than Nyquist) were
employed. This section is included in the final report so that the resulting data from the
field exercise can be compared to the desired goals. In all cases tested to date, the goals
have been met, albeit with great difficulty due to ship handling and noise, with the
exception of very shallow water where either the multiples or the direct wave
contaminated the data. Alternate data acquisition procedures (move-outs) were carried
out to eliminate these problems and sample data was provided at the Elizabeth Park Canal
site to show how these problems can be over come. It is important to note that these
problems were not the result of the Acoustic Core0 system limitation, but rather were
related to the physics of propagating sound levels of sufficient power in shallow water to
obtain penetration.

-------
3.1 Measurement Quality Procedures

Caulfield Engineering carried out the following procedures to ensure the highest
possible data quality:

• Testing and optimization of equipment during mobilization.
• Filtering and correct amplification of data to ensure maximum dynamic range
and to prevent aliasing.
• Choice of correct source and source configuration, to image the desired depth.
• Source/receiver separation to reduce multiple contamination.
• Electrical isolation to reduce noise.
• Use of correlation to improve S/N and resolution during processing.
• Integration of new processing flows as developed, the CAL1 Windows program.
• Careful calibration procedures in the field, to double check functioning of the
system and to calibrate the impedance system. In this program this was also
augmented with the acquisition of acoustic data while taking cores.

It is important to note that the Acoustic Core subroutine and the Digital Field
Acquisition System digitally stored all of the calibration and actual field results. This
provided a permanent log versus time of all events, allowing legal documentation of the
quality assurance steps outlined above. In addition to the digitally stored data, complete
field log and analysis forms were completed to provide a permanent backup of events.
See Appendices.

With any present subbottom digital system, the major quality control items are to
ensure that data is not clipped (ensured by the DF25 software), S/N is optimum and the
amplifier gains and source levels are exact. Clipping occurs when the amplifier gains are
improperly set and the dynamic range of the Analog/Digital (A/D) converters is
exceeded. Color coded display information allows the operator to detect such clipping.
All other parameters are derived or computed. The accuracy of the model used to predict
the sediments is verified by plotting predicted densities against the observed densities at
the core sites. In the Trenton Channel sediment, the match was not identical due to the
anomalous sediments perhaps related to pollution content and/or presence of micro gas
bubbles. It is important to note that if the absorption due to pollution or gas is too great,
some fine structure in the cores might not be seen at all.

For the purposes of this work, the following definitions for QA objectives are
outlined in the following table and defined along with their practical and economic limits.
10

-------
DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVE FOR ACOUSTIC SURVEY
DQOS Parameter
Precision as
RPD
Accuracy
Completeness
Frequency
1 0% of survey
distance
See MQO cal.
parameters
NA
Acceptance
Criteria
(Accuracy) Units
+/-10% ratio
See MQO
parameters
90% of survey m2
area
Corrective Action
DQO reported as
not met
Repeated until
conditions met
DQO reported as
not met
Precision - The ultimate measurement precision of the DF25 system is 0.024 percent.
This converts to a precision in voltage measurement of +/- 0.00244 volts or +/- 0.0068
db. All measurements are made in voltage and major computations performed in
decibels. The above precision converts to a theoretical precision for the determination of
the reflection coefficients of +/- 0.3 percent. For the duplicate survey lines a minimum of
10 % of the survey area was duplicated. For this effort, precision is defined as Relative
Percent Difference (RPD). Due to USEPA boat handling personnel this criteria was not
always met. However, software generation and processing procedures were completed to
compensate and correct for this problem.

RPD = (Xl-X2)*100/[Xl+X2/2]

A RPD of < 10 % meets data quality acceptance.

Accuracy - The accuracy of the system must be divided into a discussion of the
observable (measurements) and computations. Each is discussed in detail below.

Measurement Accuracy - Each component of the system can be measured to the
above precision. However, in the real world of operation, boat motion, boat noise and
spatial parameters limit the in situ accuracy. The ultimate accuracy is dependent on the
time spent in calibration of the system at each calibration site. For this survey, multiple
acoustic samples (hundreds) were acquired at the calibration sites and averaged to obtain
a minimum standard deviation of the measurements. Examples of this processing is
given in subsequent sections.

For this survey, when the standard deviation of the source level was less than or
equal to 3 percent of the measured value, the calibration was deemed satisfactory. The
amount of time spent was economically limited and was not equipment limited. For this

-------
survey sufficient time was spent to provide the required system accuracy at each
calibration site. Judgment factors were employed because of the refusal of the boat
operator to anchor at some locations. A further limiting function during normal
surveying along survey lines was the spatial variation of the subbottom layering. For
normal surveys, it can generally be assumed that the bottom geology and layer structure
is constant over the beam pattern of the systems employed. For example, given a 30 foot
water depth the bottom would not change radically in the horizontal direction for a
distance of 30 feet. If the structures do change more rapidly than this, boat speed must be
reduced, and/or special hydrophone and receiver array geometry's must be developed.
For river and harbor surveys, the later case is a rare exception. However, the control of
the boat speed does occur often and is related to the economics of the survey, as slow
boat speed limits the total area to be covered, unless additional resources are added. For
this preliminary survey, the number of lines were increased and boat speed was slowed
below 2 knots which proved sufficient with high speed ping repetition rates.

Computational Accuracy - All the terms of the sonar equation and hence the
bottom surface refection coefficient (impedance) can be computed directly from the
observables and are as accurate (+/- 3 percent) as the source level. However, subbottom
material and density predictions are based on a model of the geology and material types.
The absorption and impedance to density relationships are derived from the calibration
cores. Again, if sufficient core data is available, these parameters can be derived. It was
impossible to predict before hand the absolute accuracy of this model in the Detroit River
because the pollution parameters were not known in detail, but sufficient data was
acquired to start the required data base. However, for normal marine sediments,
accuracy's of+/- 3 to 5 percent are standard. The accuracies of the system are affected by
the signal to noise (S/N) and the Acoustic Core0 system (AC60) provides indications on
the data validity by allowing the setting of the S/N threshold. With the exception of
coherent ringing noise in very shallow water, the S/N was excellent. Refer to the MQO
table below.

Completeness - This is a measure of the number of valid subbottom survey samples
obtained compared to the amount that is needed to meet the program objectives. For this
program it has been decided that at least two major sites be examined. At each major
site, multiple soundings were acquired with each of the three sound sources at 5 and 10
meter spaced survey lines. This provided detailed saturation of the survey site. During
the survey, ten major calibration sites were implemented. The survey lines were chosen
to pass over both the new and older core sites.

The scope of the work was chosen to gather sufficient technical information to
understand the study area and meet available resources. It is important to note that the
layer strata distribution and its spatial variation was even more complex than assumed;
however, volumes of data were acquired was be processed in detail. For this effort:

-------
completeness = v/n* 100

where v = coverage of area in survey
n = total area

Detectabilitv A subbottom signal is classified as being detectable if the Signal-to-Noise
(S/N) is greater than 5 db. In this survey these limits were exceeded in the majority of the
cases providing good signals to analyze. The sediment absorption limits the depth of
penetration as a function of frequency. Therefore the deepest detectable signals will be a
function of the source frequency. For this survey, source frequencies from 600 Hz to
7000 Hz were available and were selected to give the best resolution of the strata for the
depth to the hardpan in the study areas. The DF25 software provides continuous
monitoring of the signal and the noise level (by color display) so that this 5 db S/N level
was maintained for the layers to be detected. It is important to emphasize that the
Precision Acoustic Core processing allowed the editing of the data predictions based on
S/N. Detailed studies by the USAGE have shown that all density predictions with S/N
above 5 db are valid if the system is fully calibrated and the sediments are not polluted.

Representativeness - A calibrated system, with a precisely known sound source, receiver
sensitivity, and receiver gain, which was calibrated at a core site provides good
representation of the physical properties of the subbottom materials based on standard
marine sediment tables. With the core data collected from sites which were
representative of the channel depositional zones, the standard marine sediment tables
were corrected for local site variations. Appendix A4 provides the Trenton Channel site
core information and logs. In the field, the grain size information was used to classify the
material type, and the core density was used to confirm the Acoustic Core densities. If
they did not match exactly, the Acoustic Core absorption parameters were modified for
the new subbottom type, and this new absorption was then used for the rest of the survey.
The other core locations were used to confirm this absorption selection. Again, because
of the high variability, only average data were derived.

Comparability - Same as Representativeness for density comparison and material type.
In addition, the Digital Spectral Analysis and the new CAL1 Windows software was
used to compare results on a selected ping to ping basis proving, in the field that all
systems were operating properly and that the data quality was proper and within
specifications. These tests were conducted on adjacent calibration ping sets. Hard copy
output was maintained both in the field logs and in the final report to demonstrate this
comparability.

Also typical tables of bottom loss predicted versus measured core density derived
bottom losses are provided in Volumes II. In a standard marine sediment area, previous
work has shown that the standard deviation is less than 5 percent (Hamilton, 1970).
Comparability was made with selected Trenton Channel non-contaminated core data and
13

-------
the standard marine data base. See Volume II, Appendix B3 and Figure 4-7 in Volume
II. The mean core densities for non-contaminated sediments in the Trenton Channel was
2.08 with a standard deviation of 0.098. The mean bottom loss for standard marine
sediments of this density range is 7.92 with a standard deviation of 0.343. The observed
mean bottom loss for these non-contaminated in the Trenton Channel sediments was
9.274 with a standard deviation of 0.703.

It is important to note that with the detailed calibration procedures carried out at
the nineteen core sites and selected source level calibration at the end of major lines, all
parameters were derived even if they changed during the survey. This is possible as the
DF25 software maintained a complete log of events and program settings.

Based on the above discussion a Measurement Quality Objectives Table was
constructed for the project, as follows:
MEASUREMENT QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR ACOUSTIC SURVEY
MQOs
On reference
core sites
(2 min.)

Pre-survey run/
Post-survey run

Parameter
1 . Impedance
2. Sound Vel.
3. Density
4. Density
5. Surface
Reflect. Coef.
6. Source level
7. Amplifier
Gain
8. Receiv. /array
Gain
9. Signal/Noise
Frequency
As desired
Same as
above
Same as
above
At other core
sites

Same as
above
Beginning &
end of each run
Same as above
Same as above
Continuous
Accept. Criteria
(Accuracy)
Data Accepted if
parameter 3 to 7
acceptable
Derived
Optimal +/- 1 %
+/- 4 % Acceptable
Optimal +/- 5 %
From Den. Vs Den. Plot

+/- 5% for 7.0% 3. 5 KHz
Systems
+/- 2.5 %
+/- 1 .0 %
+/- 2.5 %
>5db
Units
g/cm2*s
m/sec
gnVcm2
Same

Ratio
db's
db's
db's
ratio
Corrective Action
Repeated until
conditions met
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above

Same as above
Survey rerun if
out of compliance
Same as above
Same as above
If not immediately
corrected, survey is
rerun
14

-------
Note that the Amplifier Gain and the Receiver/Arrays are permanent type fixtures
in that they should not change their characteristics unless an unforeseen mechanical or
electrical shock damages the equipment. Hence, only a few points of the calibration have
to be rerun to ensure the system is operating properly. If all gains and settings are
identical to the previous day these elements do not have to be completely re-calibrated.
In all cases tested to date, the quality control parameters have been met, This
report provides detailed examples on how these quality control parameters were met. In
order to fully understand and relate the measurements to the systems parameters, the
following subsections review models and the mathematical background for the work.

3.2 The Survey Reflection Coefficient, Calibration Model,
and Acoustic Impedance

Figure 3-1 illustrates the typical form of a shallow reflection seismic reflection
system with a calibration phone inserted. The reflections from the bottom and
subbottom, as well as the reflection to the calibration phone, are depicted.

Reflections occur at changes in acoustic impedance (Z), which is the product the
density and velocity. Acoustical impedance can be thought of as the acoustical hardness
of the sediment (Anstey, 1977). At these layers of differing acoustical impedance, part of
the incident sound wave energy is reflected back to the surface and part of the energy is
transmitted downward toward lower layers. The strength of the reflection is directly
related to the contrast of the acoustical impedance across the boundary. The strength of
the reflection can be quantified as the reflection coefficient. The right portion of the
Figure illustrates the stratigraphy. At each change in material type there is a reflection.
Usually the largest change is between the water and the bottom. Since the sound velocity
of water and its density can be readily measured, the absolute impedance of the water can
be calculated. This absolute impedance can also be independently computed from the
multiple reflection; i.e., the second bounce off the water surface. Knowledge of the
reflection coefficient from the water-bottom interface allows direct computation of the
absolute impedance and density estimate of the first layer of the bottom.

To do this, it is necessary to know either the absolute source level, or to have a
calibration hydrophone and compute the source level. The calibration phone allows the
calculation of the source level by solving the basic sonar equation. Likewise, if multiples
are present, the sonar equation for the multiples can be solved for an independent
verification of the source level. A new Windows program, CAL1, was created to solve
these equations for various known inputs and to process large amounts of data to get
statistical results. Previously the data was processed semi-manually using the Spectral
data output and Matlab.
15

-------
                        AMPLIFIERS

                        FILTERS

                        DIGITIZERS
LAYER 4
                                                                           JLrlElD  ENGINEERING
                                                                         TYPICAL SHAliOW SEISMIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
                                                                           1868
                                                                           J2QC_
DATE: 9/4/93
                                                                                 SHEET:
                                                                      DWG  NO. 1868-1001
                                    Figure 3-1

-------
       3.2.1 The Sonar Equation

       The general sonar equation is given as follows:

       Ssig = Ssource - Nw - Nhyd +  NA + NDI + BL          (1)

where
       Ssig   =  Received signal level decibels (db)
       Ssource =  Source level (db)
       Nw   =  Transmission loss (20* log Range(D)) (db)
       Nhyd  =  Hydrophone receive sensitivity (db)
       NA   =  Amplifier Gain (db)
       NDI   =  Directory factor (beam pattern) (db)
       BL   =  Bottom loss (20* log  (R)) (db)
       R    =  Reflection Coefficient

       All  source  levels,  receiving hydrophone  levels  and  receiving  hydrohone
sensitivities are referenced  to  one volt  per microbar,  not  in the new Pascal's.  The
difference  is 100 db.  The  new CAL1 program allows inputs of various  beam  pattern
terms, as the calibration phone  was not normal to the direct field due to the boat
movements and currents.

       Figure 3-2 is a detailed depiction of the physical elements in a normal calibration
and bottom reflection sonar equation solution case.  The horizontal exaggeration of the
transmitter, receiver, and calibration hydrophone is for clarity purposes only.  The
Amplifier gain (N^ value includes all preamplifiers and amplifiers and is obtained from
the electrical calibration of the receiving equipment.   The  calibration hydrophone
sensitivity  (Nhyd) and receiving array sensitivity are available from manufacturers of the
hydrophone and arrays.  The symbolic  switch in Figure 3-2, is set so that calibration
data is gathered first and  then sent to the receiving  array  during  production data
acquisition. The transmission  loss term (Nw)  is obtained  from precise geometrical
measurements of the calibration test. The signal level (Ssig) is obtained from the precision
CE-Digital Field Spectral Analysis amplitude plot of the raw data.

       The first step is to find the source  level term.  Source levels are usually defined in
decibels (db) and are an efficient method  to describe the pressure level at one meter from
the source relative to a  microbar.   Some sonars have  this data available  from the
manufacturer.  However, most seismic  systems  do not readily have this information
available, and field conditions vary to such an extent that the published levels  are not
sufficient for precise reflection computations.

       Setting up the sonar equation to solve for the direct wave calibration (Ssigdir) of the
sonar source level gives the following equation:
                                        17

-------
00
                                                                                                AMPLIFIER


                                                                                                   No
                      Ssig
                                                                                       ITTLEl
                                                                                       UOBT
GRAPHICS OF SONAR EQUATION TERMS
• I 1 Odd  I r»A-rc-. n f-*n j~-    I  SEME


  .LBfifl_ DATE: 8/3O/93
                                                                                                   SHEET:
                                                                                              NO. 1868-1 OOP

-------
Ss,gdlr = Ssource - Nwdir - Nhyd + NA (2)

All the terms in equation 2, except the source level, are absolutely known.
Therefore, the absolute source level for the particular seismic system can be found.
Normally, calibration data is taken at various depths (variation in transmission loss) to
ensure that beam pattern and signal level clipping is not a problem. This step provides
the source level of the system.

The next step in the process is the computation of the bottom reflection coefficient
at the calibration site. The sonar equation for this case is:

Ssigbot = Ssource ' Nwbot - Nhyd + NA + BL (3)

Ssigbot = The amplitude of the signal in the seismic trace from the bottom
interface. This is usually the first signal after the transmit pulse.

Again, in equation 3 all the terms, except the bottom loss, are precisely known.
Therefore, the absolute bottom loss (BL) value can be computed. The bottom loss term is
related to reflectivity by the equation:

BL = 20 * log(R)

where
R = Reflection Coefficient

Solution of equation 3 provides a precise bottom loss term and the corresponding
reflection and acoustic impedance of the surface layer at this location. It is important to
note that these values can be compared to core data at the calibration site to learn if the
marine sediments are "standard" or local data bases must be constructed relating acoustic
impedance to density. It has already been determined that the bottom loss from polluted
sediments is lower than a "standard" marine sediment with the same density.

An alternate solution for the bottom loss can be derived from the calibration case
by setting up two simultaneous linear equations. These two equations are for the case
where the calibration hydrophone has been placed at a sufficient depth to obtain both the
direct wave from the source and the bottom reflected signal. These equations would
appear as:

Ssigdir= S source ' Nwdir Nhyd + NA

Sslgbot= Ssource- Nwbot- Nhyd + NA + BL

Subtracting the second equation above from the first and re-arranging the terms yields:
19

-------
-BL = Ssigdir - Ssigbot + Nwdir - Nwbot (4)

All the terms on the right side of equation 4 are known exactly, therefore, the
absolute bottom loss and surface reflection coefficients can be obtained.

If the bottom is reasonably hard, clays through sands, the multiples can also be
recorded. When corrected for spherical spreading, the ratio of the first multiple reflection
to the first bottom reflection is a measure of the reflection coefficient and the actual
bottom loss. This data can be used as verification of the calibration procedures. The use
of multiple reflections to calculate the reflection coefficient is normally not as accurate.
This is because the multiple signal strength is normally small, and the ambient and
background noise has a negative effect. However, for this program the S/N was
sufficiently high for more than 60 percent of the data, which allowed the verification of
the calibration results and processing of the data even though there were the ship
problems as noted above.

Finally, once the source and bottom reflection coefficients are calculated at a
given location, the system receiving array can be calibrated. This is done by replacing
the calibration hydrophone with the receive hydrophone and again applying the sonar
equation. The resultant array sensitivity data can be compared to the manufacturers
specifications and corrections applied accordingly.

The practical limitations in production surveys are the actual system beam
patterns, total Signal-to-Noise (S/N), and the linearity and dynamic range of the systems
involved.

3.2.2 Acoustic Impedance

Knowing the reflection coefficient and the impedance of the water allows the
solution of the equation:

Rbot =(Zbot " ZwatV(Zbot + Zwat) (5)

7^, = acoustical impedance of the bottom surface
Zwat = acoustical impedance of the water
Rbot = bottom reflection coefficient

Knowledge of the absolute subbottom surface acoustic impedance allows the
calibration of the Caulfield Engineering Acoustic Core software. This software computes
an estimate of the impedance for each subsequent layer into the bottom until the S/N
becomes too low to provide meaningful data. These impedances are based on estimated
absorption through the bottom. The general absorptive properties of bottom sediments
20

-------
are provided in the literature.

The CE Digital Spectral Analysis software is used to verify the literature
absorption data (Hamilton, E.L, 1972). If very precise results are desired, several deep
core logs can be taken to identify the deepest layer. The absorption can then be adjusted
until the impedance of this deeper layer matches that of the core data. These deep cores
were not taken on this exercise.
Most subbottom systems insonifies an area of the bottom and not a point. This
area is analogous to the illuminated area produced by a flashlight held above a floor and
pointed straight down at the floor. Therefore, geotechnical parameters derived from
seismic data are averages over the insonified area. The size of this area can be controlled
by the beam pattern (the angle of the beam), although some aerial extent is always
involved. This average lower limit of the insonified area for the Trenton Channel
survey, with a mean water depth of 8 meters and a beam angle of 30 degrees, is 14.4
square meters. The diameter of this area is 4.28 meters.

3.3 Transmission Loss Model for Linearity

Once the sound source has been derived from a number of calibration locations,
the calibration data as a function of depth can be corrected for amplifier gains and plotted
on a ideal spherical spreading plot. This plot will confirm the linearity of the system and
ensure that the calibration data were all acquired within the main beam pattern.

This simple procedure, if positive, provides a quick check that all systems and
acquisition procedures meet the overall Quality Assurance Project Plan. Results indicated
that all quality assurance objectives where met.
21

-------
4.0 MOBILIZATION ACTIVITIES AND
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION

Starting on Monday morning, July 24, 1995, the Acoustic Core6 system was set
up on the "R/V Mudpuppy" and the equipment was checked to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipment. The Digital Field Acquisition System sampling period was
verified and calibrated. It was determined that because of the high resolution required, a
sampling period of 30 microseconds would be used. This is a sampling rate of 33333 Hz.
The following subsections outline the system installation parameters and provide block
diagrams of all systems configurations. The sonar equipment layout was exactly the same
as occurred the year before with the exception that the received signals were fed directly
to the filter without proceeding through a preamplifier. Preamplifiers are part of the
standard Acoustic Core acquisition package and are used to match the electrical
characteristics of the various different available receiving arrays. Also, because of the
large storage disks now available, EPC records and tape backup were not required. After
each run multiple copies of the data were backed up on these 230 Mega-byte disks.
Because the same setup was utilized, Caulfleld Engineering took the liberty of using the
same drawings as previously used.

4.1 Vessel Layout, Transducer Placement, and Equipment
Configuration

Figure 4-1 illustrates the general vessel layout and the placement of the
equipment. The 3.5/7.0 KHz transducers were mounted from the forward catwalk on
specially constructed wooden reinforced frames. The critical dimensions were a spacing
between the transducers of 34 inches and a depth below the water of 20 inches. Note that
Figure 4-1 has a typographic error and reports this depth as 28 inches. This mounting
provided excellent Signal-to-Noise conditions and virtually no engine or ship noise was
detected during the entire survey. The boomer and receiving array phone was towed off
the port side aft of the vessel. A 10 foot boom provided separation between the boomer
tow cable and the receiver tow cable. During the survey activities the tow distances were
adjusted to optimize the boomer signal. Each tow configuration was recorded in the field
logs and will be given, when appropriate, during the analysis. Since the boomer is a low
frequency device the separation between the receiver and the boomer only has to be
known within +/- 1 foot. The precise separation is recorded by the direct arrival on the
acoustic data.

-------
ORE RECEIVERS
ORE MUTTERS
          A
ACOUSTIC CORE
SYSTEM
                                         BOOMER
                                 NAVMADON
  X
                               NAVMM10N ANTENNA
                                                                        BOOMER SOURCE
                                                                                    HnMOPHONC ARRAY
                                   CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                      TTTUJ
                                                                      UUBT
                                                                        -'EQUIPMENT PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION
                                                                            1927
                                                                            DDC
                                             DATE: 10/16/94
                                                                                   SHEET:
                                                                       DWG  NO. 1927-500
                                     Fiqure 4-1

-------
The Acoustic Core computer and receiver components were located in the rear
starboard side of the vessel cabin with the computer console located on a table above the
boomer power supply. The EPC data logging unit shown located on the port aft part of
the boat was not needed. The navigation receiver and processing computer was located
on the starboard side of the vessel cabin as the cabin configuration had changed from the
previous year. All data times logged utilized the UTC time provided by the GPS satellite
receiver. As the weeks of data acquisition progressed, a small linear time difference
developed between the Acoustic Core computer and the navigation time. This difference
was logged in the field records. A computer program was used to co-relate the file
numbers and subfiles to the correct times. Appendix A3 provides the detailed listing of
these corrected navigation files.

During the afternoon of Tuesday, July 25, 1995, initial field tests and calibrations
were carried out to determine optimum ping lengths and proper transducer impedance
matching to obtain the best resolution with the ORE system. These optimizations were
logged and equipment configuration finalized. The next sections delineate the equipment
configurations arrived at as optimum for this survey.

4.2 3.5/7.0 KHz ORE Equipment Organization

Figure 4-2 provides the block diagram of the 3.5/7.0 KHz ORE equipment
configuration for this survey. The transmit cycle was initiated by a signal generator
rather than the key of the EPC, which then triggered the CE-1000 Key Generator (which
has precision pulse width control) and then the Model 140 transmitter. This transmitter
has an output power level that is continuously adjustable from 0 to 10 kilowatts. 5.0 kW
was used throughout most of the survey. The same key initiates the digital recording of
the ping trace in the acquisition computer.

The receive transducer is loaded with an attenuater (100 ohms) to minimize
transducer ringing. The received signal is then passed through a high-pass (HP) filter to
the CE-1000 gain amplifier. The data is recorded in the digital acquisition system and
stored on the 230 Mega-byte disks, and monitored on a Textronic Oscilloscope.

Data was digitized with a sampling period of 30 microseconds which is four times
the highest frequency range of interest. This sample rate of 4 times the highest frequency
insures that any wave form distortion is correctly digitized.

4.3 Boomer Equipment Organization

Figure 4-3 provides a block diagram of the boomer recording configuration. The
only difference from the ORE configuration was that the attenuater was not used and an
10 (InterOcean) single element array was used as a receiver. The key (trigger) fired the

-------
ro
in
                             SURVEY HARDWARE
                                                                                COMPUTER  HARDWARE
                                                                          IBM  COMPATIBLE


                                                                          ACOUSTIC CORE


                                                                          SOFTWARE
                                                                          CE-IB-100
PROCESSOR


MEMORY



CO-PROCESSOR
                                                                          RS-232
                                                                          SYQUEST DISK
                                                                                                 COLOR


                                                                                                 PRINTER
COLOR VGA


MONITOR '
                                                                                                 PRINTER
                                                                                CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                              3UBT
                                                                                J_3.5  KHZ  SYSTEM HARDWARE
                                                                                    1927
                                                                                    DDC
                DATE.M 0/16/94
                                                                                          SHEET:
                                                                               DWG  NO. 1927-501
                                                  Figure 4-2

-------
                              SURVEY HARDWARE
               BOOMER



               TRANSMITTER
CTl
                                                                                 COMPUTER  HARDWARE
IBM COMPATIBLE

ACOUSTIC CORE

SOFTWARE
                                                                          CE-IB-100
PROCESSOR

MEMORY


CO-PROCESSOR
                                                                           RS-232
                                                                           SYQUEST DISK
                                                                                                  COLOR

                                                                                                  PRINTER
                                                                                                  COLOR VGA


                                                                                                  MONITOR
                                                                                                  PRINTER
                                                                                 CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                  BOOMER  SYSTEM  HAR
          OOM
          f 1927
           DDC
                                                                                JOB: I 1927
DATE: 10/16/94
                                                                                           SHEET:
                                                                                DWG  NO. 1927-502
                 DWARE
                                                 Flgur-e  4-3

-------
boomer rather than the ORE transmitter. The boomer energy level was 100 joules. This
provided the broadest band transmit signal. In this configuration the filter was used as a
band-pass filter rather than a high-pass filter. Filter settings are recorded in the field logs.
In Figures 4-2 and 4-3 the preamplifier boxes have been crossed out to indicate that
separate boxes were not used for pre-amplification. The filters employed had the ability
to provide pre-amplification when needed. However, the crossed out boxes have been
left to indicate that there was modification to the standard set up.

Unfortunately, the variation in ship position during the initial calibration of the
boomer, caused the Caulfield Engineering team to erroneously select the IO receive
transducer that had only a maximum output voltage of +/- 2 volts. This prohibited
optimum calibration of the source level of the boomer. This further caused the clipping
of some of the boomer data in shallow water and made the boomer data unreliable for
absolute reflection computations. However, the data were still useful for determining
layer thickness. There was sufficient other data at the 7.0 and 3.5 kHz to overcome this
limitation. The reason that this receiver was selected was its the maximum sensitivity
and good S/N data generated in heavily polluted areas, such as the Elizabeth Park
Channel.

4.4 Radar Systems

A GSSI ground penetrating radar was employed as an additional sensor, in an
attempt to gain additional information on polluted sediments in very shallow water. The
system used a GSR-3 transceiver with a selection of 100 MHZ and 300 MHZ antennas.
The larger 100 MHZ antenna was placed in a rubber boat, while the 300 MHZ antenna
was lowered by the forward deck which. The GSR-3 receiver output was coupled
directly to the filter input of the Acoustic Core0 system electronics which allowed digital
logging of the data.

The system was extremely noisy, in part due to the loading of the antenna by the
higher than normal water conductivity, and the ship's generator noise. Data quality was
poor and time did not allow for acquisition of all planned data as the boat operator backed
onto the tow cable cutting it. It required several days to get a replacement and so only
limited data was acquired.

Even with these setbacks some important observations were obtained. Primarily,
in polluted sediment areas, the water conductivity above the sediments was higher than
normal clean water. Further, the actual sediment conductivity was higher than unpolluted
sediments. Appendix A4 provides this information. The radar system also provided an
excellent way to precisely measure the water depths and shallow sediments thickness in
very shallow, less than 3 feet, water depths. At these depths, it is extremely hard to use
normal incident acoustic waves, as the receive signal is still within the time domain of the
transmit pulse. Move outs are used in acoustics to get around this problem, but because
27

-------
of the large reflection angles involved the depth measurements are not as accurate as
desired.

Since some of the radar noise was coherent, statistical noise removal computer
programs can be generated. Contract time and budget limitations prohibited detailed
processing of the radar data.

4.5 Core Velocimeter Systems

Caulfield Engineering manufactured a prototype Core Velocimeter System to
measure the sound velocity and sound absorption across the core tube as soon as the core
was brought on board the vessel. This procedure was important for the detection of in-
situ gas in the core. Since the core is no longer underwater, the gases quickly dissipate
and are not detected in the geotechnical laboratory. The results of these measurements
confirmed the presence of gas by the high absorption of the 300 Khz signal used in the
velocity measurements. Appendix A4 provides this information along with the core data.

The Core Velocimeter System consisted of a 4 foot high steel frame that
contained a mounting block to center the core in the unit. On each side of the core was a
300 Khz transmitting and receiving transducer that could be precisely placed at different
elevations along the core tube. This allowed the direct measurement of the travel time
through the core tube. At this time the system only obtained relative measurements, as
time did not allow for precise calibration of the system. The only calibration was to
measure the water in the top of the core and relate the amplitude and velocity
measurements to the speed of sound in the water. In most cases the absorption was so
great, due to the gas content, that no data was acquired.

The USACE-WES has a precision system for performing the same type
measurements. The cores were carefully capped and taped securely and shipped to WES
for analysis. The USAGE staff found the same results, complete absorption due to gas.
28

-------
5.0 SURVEY ACTIVITIES SUMMARY

The base of daily operations was a dock located at Elizabeth Park just north of the
main car bridge to Grosse He. The area just north of the dock and extending out from the
Elizabeth Park Canal is known as the Elizabeth Park site. Further to the north is the
Black Lagoon site. It is located just south of a small indentation or miniature bay in the
river. It is important to note precise satellite navigation was used at all times and detailed
logs of boat position as a function of time were generated by USEPA. Appendix A2
provides these logs.

5.1 Area Overview

These main survey areas are on the west bank of the Trenton Channel portion of
the Detroit River. This channel is between the mainland and Grosse He. Figures 5-1 and
5-2 provides maps for the channel indicating the Elizabeth Park and Black Lagoon study
areas. Running three different sound sources over these areas provided 100 percent of the
planned coverage. At each of the areas multiple surveillance lines were taken. Ten
detailed calibration sets of data were taken for each sound source.

5.2 Summary of Field Logs

Appendix Al provides a complete summary of all survey lines and calibration
stations (actual field log). This field log provides the reference 4 character start of the file
name and the 4 character file number which constitutes the entire file name. Also
provided are comments on the significant activities occurring at given data subfiles. For
reference to the navigation, the file navigation time is given as well as the file start time.
The latter is given because of the slight growing deviation between the Acoustic Core
computer time and the satellite time. The type of sound source employed and gain setting
are also annotated.

5.3 Quality Assurance Logging Procedures (Examples)

To ensure that all quality assurance criteria were met, detailed manual logs were
kept in addition to the digital logging of events in both the navigation and Acoustic Core0
system. This section provides examples of the raw logs as follows:
29

-------
^ss^v^-xis. ;•-». ^f
j»  r-—^"•v^*—,__	*    i""S!"Aiajij'
!!~^—^   i   ' Vs^.?_ "«V=-^.^"««

-------
M
  .A?
        l^k^
        ^SSs-?*.., ~ ;-s—^J
                     fl
M
M
           t^-
             H-
              •*~-,
' "<5.i   V""^5*:*-—,


r^~i~L ~~-/  -•*,
                              'i  >
                                               rt
                                               &
                                                 >J 9h ''*\y» «^ x  i
                                                    £v
                                                 tr
                                   t
i.
                                     s-
                                     i1
                                                       ^
                                        A>
                                                          n;»~
                             l[
  '?•;-.
\    f


 V^
.iX'»X
                                J TREHTOft CHANNEL
                                                    W
    ,- *

•<"> ,-<^-,
             ~5E^»
                                 I  /? T /a» n

                           crs—5—,-;«--<^T;t-°£>-"-iUL-
                          •s*s
                   G«oS;
      'S£

                                         ;»y>f,
                                   Y^*-,
                                                      •r,>^ -
                                                       :->:^
                                       ^
                                                          ^>c
                                                          ^v-x
                                                             s,v
                                                                  .^
                                                                  ^
                                         n
                                       -
                /
                                                    ^M
                                                                        5 w | H

                                                                          !3»
                                                                          n  i—i

                W->-^
                                                                                       •mri
          ^:^gsi4^(gR
                                                                          rlr   -.      l         '^U
                                                                          ^...---o     '        "-.ow  N
                                                                 ;:*'
                                                                                H
                              tej"
                 ^*^T^   *  »*6 ?   V--*-"*""/11"8  i.  *«^:?f:::Er3; I ^ «V o!. -T5^*^*^!
                 ^  *\'  .   - .v-'---."^"---*--:...  M  t^^  Vl>^:« ^V^^-.-o-  ,".

                 '" \&-'^"'""" '™^>>™FIGH^^^^^
                 ~ ;•».-" a ^^—         	'  	        ?                              .-•- —
14653 em Ed . *e.. u/79
                                           Figure 5-2

-------
1. Digital Field Acquisition input parameters (DFAS) Computer Log - Each time
the DFAS system was run in the field a print out sheet was generated with all the
important sampling rate information and acquisition parameters. See Figure 5-3.

2. Subbottom Survey Field Notes - A manual field log of events was maintained
with subfile information versus time, gain settings, and general events. The tune logged
on this form is the GMT or Universal Time Constant (UTC) from the satellite navigation
system. See Appendix Al.

3. Navigation Manual Log - In addition to all of the digital logging of the
navigation system, a manual log of navigation events was taken to ensure complete tie in
of the navigation with the Acoustic Core® system. See Appendix A2.

4. Field Core Log - Appendix A4 provides the field log of the coring program
along with the sound velocity field logs and conductivity (resistivity) measurements
made.

5. DFAS Playback Log - For each record played back the computer prints out all
the key parameters. This log was checked with item 1 above to ensure consistency in the
critical parameters. See Figure 5-4.

6. Playback File, Date and Time - During each playback the computer can
generate the exact file and subfile date and time. This data is used to verify the manual
logs and to cross check the Acoustic Core position with the navigation versus time. See
Figure 5-5.

All field records were played back and all computer logs checked with the manual
logs and navigation logs. This comparison showed that noise interfered with the
Caulfield Engineering DF25 acquisition software causing the acquisition computer to
lose time. These logs were used to construct computer programs to recreate the exact
positions and times to each file and subfile. Appendix A3 provides this information.

5.4 Navigation Procedures and Interface to Data

A complete computer controlled DGPS navigation acquisition system was
installed on the vessel and recorded the vessel position every 3 seconds, as well as
providing the master timing for all events. At the time of the survey, differentially
corrected positions were available in real time, however time was not available to
establish a direct link between the Acoustic Core® system (ACS) and the navigational
computer. Such an interface would facilitate the incorporation of navigational data into
the Acoustic Core0 system. For this survey the USEPA provided a complete set of
ASCII files of differentially corrected position versus time to Caulfield Engineering,
which were incorporated into the Acoustical Core System. The vessel position were then
32

-------
       DIGITAL FIELD ACQUISITION INPUT PARAMETERS
Job Title:  eliz park cal at core site 8
Line num.:  ecOl
Start  coords:  7*1365
Seismic source:. 4098449
Comments:
 Print Variables (1=Y,0=N):          1
 Tape startup delay?:               50
 Tape Speed factor? (1,2,4,8):       1
 Original Tape Speed?:               7.
 A/D Sampling Rate? (20-1000):      30
 Cent. freq. of system?:          7000
-Water Column delay?:                0
 Offset value in ms?:                0
 Traces to stack? (1.9.4.81:         R
 Enter trace length :              700
 Ampl. Spher.Corr. (1=Y,0=N):        0
 Spher. Time Delay (ms.):           10
 Enter Gain Factor (1000=1):      1000
             FIELD  ACQUISITION COMPUTER LOG

                     Figure 5-3
                              33

-------
         DI6ITAL FIELD AC3UISITIQN INPUT PARAMETEFS
  Job Title:  eliz park canal cal
  Line nua.:  ecOl
  Start  coords:  0000
  Seisoiic source:
  Coments:  calibration
   Print Variables (1=Y,0=N):          1
   Tape startup delay?:              50
   Tape Speed factor? (1,2,4,3):       1
   Original  Tape Speed?:              2
   A/D Sampling Rate? (20-1000):      30
   Cent. freq. erf systea?:          3500
   Watsr Colum delay?:               0
   W-fset value in ins?:               0
   Tracss to stack?  (1,2,4,8):         2
   Enter trace length :             700
   A/cpi. Spher.Corr.  (1=Y,0=N):        0
   Spner. Tide Delay  (as.):           10
   Enter Sain Factor  (10CXK1):      1000
PLAYBACK  COMPUTER  LOG

         Figure  5-4
             34

-------
accurately post plotted versus time.

       The plots of vessel position were generated by  Caulfield Engineering for each
analysis set of data and are supplied with each specific set of data presented in Volume 3.
 In fact,  the excellent quality of the navigation data enabled Caulfield Engineering to
perform  the required statistics for  each calibration area to correct for those locations
where the ship drifted during the calibration procedure.
                                          35

-------
6.0 SITE CORE INFORMATION

In order to rapidly gather actual physical core samples for correlation with the
acoustic surveying, Caulfield Engineering acquired and modified a Benthos Boomerang
Corer to function as a drop piston corer. The core tube diameter was approximately 3
inches in diameter and provided sufficient sediment to classify the sediment and obtain
precision in-situ densities. Modifications to the corer included adding steel handles for
rigging, installation of a piston sealer (to prevent core drop out), and the addition of more
weights. The system worked extremely well and 19 cores locations were sampled. In a
few locations, the bottom was rocky and no sample was obtained. In these situations a
ponar dredge was used to verify bottom type, providing useful information. Also, the
ponar dredge was used to select potential core site locations.

The coring system was small enough so that the corer could be deployed between
the forward 3.5 KHz transducers allowing continuous subbottom profiling to occur
during coring activities. The only problem encountered was the boat operating personnel
who at times refused to anchor or provided poor anchoring at some sites. The latter
caused some difficulty in analysis. Statistical processing, as discussed for the calibration
data, was undertaken for those cases.

It is important to note that this coring system does not remove the requirement to
take vibra-cores in the future. However, it does provide a rather inexpensive system for
rapid coring to confirm the acoustic measurements and to map softer depositional
sediments.

6.1 Field Core Logging

Figure 6-1 is a typed copy of the typical field core log. The core length was
measured and the distances to the top of the water level and the top sediment-water
interface were measured from the bottom of the core. These dimensions allowed for the
computation of the volume of sediment in the core. The core was then weighed using an
electronic scale. The scale had a sling attached to keep the core vertical. The tare weight
is the weight of the scale rigging. The offset weight is the scale reading empty. For the
particular scale being used the tare weight and the offset weight were not the same.
Later it was found how to zero the electronic scale so that only the core weight was
measured directly. With the known dimensions of the core and the distances to each
medium, the water, empty core tube, tare, and offset are subtracted from the total weight

-------
          FIELD  CORB OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME:  CRLOGC
CORE NO:    6
STATUS (COT/NOT  CUT) : CUT
SITE:      Eliz. Park Cove - Sane loc.  ai Core tS
POSITION:  N:	  R:
CORE LENGTH - WATERfSEOIMENT:
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:        101.S

•EIGHT TOTAL CORE:    13.312   lb»
TARE WEIGHT:         1.2S LB
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0.125 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:     0.01176 GM/OC3
COMPETED DENSITY:	 1.18 gm/cm*3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

Disc From  Rec.  Pos.  Xfflit  Pos. Rec.  Rec.  Delay   Dielecc    Comments
Bottom-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microsec mic.farad
	I	!	I	I	1	I	1	
Sediment
           71.5      71.5      1500     5       144
                     73.0               4       136
                     73.0                      140
                     74.0               2       152
                     70.7               3       142
                     70.0                      1S8
                     £9.5                      164
                                              250
                     68.4                      180

           89.0      87.8      1400     5       ISO
                     89.0                      164
                            .1	I   '   I
                       TYPICAL  FIELD  CORE  LOG
                               Figure  6-1
                                   37

-------
and the resultant average density of the core is computed. The repeatability of this
technique was very good. After the core was measured the water was removed and the
unused portion of the core tube core was removed. Next the core was capped and sealed
for storage and shipment. After cutting, the core was weighed again to confirm the first
density measurements.

A portable velocimeter was used to measure the travel time of a sound wave
across the core at selected depths. The lower portion of Figure 6-1 shows the logged
travel time for the sound wave traveling though the sediment and core tube. To eliminate
core tube effects, data was taken at various offsets. An offset of zero would place the
measuring transducer directly across from each other. Other offsets were generated by
keeping one transducer fixed and moving the other transducer either up or down, creating
offsets. Velocity measurements were taken along the core tube at various distances, in
centimeters, from the sediment core surface.

Early in the program some dielectric measurements were also taken for use in the
analysis of the radar data. The same dielectric plates were also used to obtain the in-situ
conductivity. Unfortunately, the bottom sediments were such that the epoxy holding the
system together was eaten away destroying the dielectric measurement system. Those
dielectric measurements obtained are included in the core log, Appendix A4.

It is very important to note that these core analysis procedures are preliminary.
The primary goal was to obtain the gross density for calibration of the acoustic
measurements and to note gross anomalies from standard marine sediments and to begin
optimizing field procedures. The more data available from many different sensors
improves the analysis conclusions.

An important visual observation in almost all cores collected in polluted areas was
the existence of a l/2 to 3 inch foam layer at the sediment-water interface. This indication
of low velocity at the sediment water interface should be confirmed using current meters.
The existence of surface foam would suggest that re-suspension as a result of current
velocity must be low. In these areas, gas transport may be a more suitable model than
sediment re-suspension, to explain the re-entry of contaminants into the water column. It
is strongly suggested that detailed chemical analysis be carried out on the foam during the
next survey. This might shed additional information on the re-suspension of the
pollutants.
38

-------
7.0   DETAILED CALIBRATION ANALYSIS

       The calibration procedures utilized  in the Acoustic Core  methodology  were
critical  in  obtaining  engineering  data  on  bottom  marine  sediments  and  polluted
sediments. A description of technical terms  and  software display descriptions can be
found in appendix A3 in volume 3. Absolute knowledge of the mean source levels and
their spatial variance allows absolute computation of the bottom reflection coefficients
(Bottom Loss), reflection sign, and  variance of the bottom.  In  addition,  absolute
knowledge of the bottom reflection aids in estimating the subbottom acoustic parameters
and ensures  the overall quality of the program.  In previous surveys, the calibration
procedures were processed using the Digital Field Acquisition System (DF25), Digital
Spectral Analysis  Software  (DSA10), and Matlab. The effort was labor intensive and
time consuming as color prints had to be generated and  files had to loaded for each step
of the processing.  Caulfield Engineering, working with the USAGE, integrated these
steps into a Windows program with higher speed, black and white laser printing to speed
up the processing.  This new Windows program has  been designated 'CAL1'.

       The 'Call' program  allowed the  bulk processing of over 8000 traces (pings) in
order to solve  and develop procedures  to  overcome the problems  caused  by boat
positioning and generator noise which occurred during this survey.   This  section will
review the features of this new calibration software and then apply this software in a step
by step manner to the Trenton Channel calibration data.  Appendix A5 provides the
complete calibration analysis sheets and logs, Appendix A6 provides the  amplifier gain
curves,  and Appendix A7 supplies the idealized sediment properties  Table.  This table
enabled comparison of the  acoustic properties of "standard" marine sediments with
polluted sediments found in the Trenton Channel.

7.1    
-------
 C:\206P~AL\EC060000.DAT
         0  |  1  |   2  |  3
ms.  _.
21. -L
                <^^
                          *l''l''t'


                                      0    -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
-1-

. k* 4, . • • "
	 	 	 __ X
jr"" 	 "" 	 : x
.••"-. 1*1.1.—.. ~ . .
	 	 .1
|N*H.t*»U.."L...P 1' .|-l.r ^


—
1 1




1 -*•
I— d
3
J
4
1


p_ — 1
_^^_
L
^«
p








S(s] = 95.665
Nfhl = -80.
__ i f
N(a) = 6.9
Ndi = -2.
D1 = 2.9028
Nw1 = 9.2536
02 = 11.08
Nw2 = 20.891
Sgl =17.332
sdS1 =0.11214
Sg2 = -5.5433
sdS2 = 0.291 74
sdSs = 0.20346
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = -1 1.238
sdBL= 0.39599
R = 0.27448
sdR = 1.2348e-002
Disp.Gain=2   Stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X1
Trace No.= 21  Proc No: = 1
                                 TYPICAL "CAL!" OUTPUT
-------
is provided to aid in understanding the extended calibration procedures undertaken for the
Trenton Channel work.

       The major program features and inputs are:

•      File Selection - Allows the opening of any calibration or data file on any disk or
       server.  This feature takes full advantage of Windows directory handling and file
       reading.  An  option will also be provided for reading in  navigation and gain
       information. Time did not allow the completion of this feature.

•      Vertical Scale - The time scale in milliseconds is given on the left of Figure 7-1.
       This scale can be expanded in steps of 2 to a 4 times expansion.  In addition,  an
       offset can be introduced  to allow detailed examination  of the wave form from a
       particular reflector.   This feature is used to  show the phase reversal  when
       reflections occur from gas bearing sediments.

•      Gain  -  It is often necessary to elevate the  gain in  order to look at weaker
       reflections.  Gain steps of 1, 2, 4, 8 are available. This gain factor is incorporated
       into  the  sonar equation  solutions and  is  normalized  so that  the solutions are
       independent of this display  gain.

•      Stacking - In noisy environments it is often desirable to  stack sequential traces to
       improve the signal-to-noise.   In the particular data shown in the figure this was
       not necessary.  Stack steps available are 1,2,4,8.

•      Function Inputs - Often in solutions of the Sonar Equation, it is necessary to input
       various  terms  such as receiver sensitivity  and  gain.  The function inputs  allow
       input  of Source  Level,  Receiver Level, System Gain, Directivity Index, and
       Bottom Loss.   The  input functions  depend on which  Sonar Equation is  being
       solved with the program's compute mode.  In the example shown in Figure 7-1,
       the input parameters would be calibration hydrophone receive sensitivity, system
       gain,  and  directivity  index.   The   output would  then be  the source  level,
       transmission losses,  and  bottom loss (reflectivity).  The statistical properties  of
       each observation are also shown for evaluation of the quality of the computation.
       As an example the direct signal, reflecting the source, has a standard deviation of
       only 0.2917, while the bottom signal has a standard deviation of 2.533.   This
       reflects the bottom loss variation at this point illustrating that even for this small
       sample the bottom exhibits a high degree of spatial variance.

•      SubFile Selection - Computation is performed on either single traces in a subfile
       or on the entire subfile which represents 40 traces.  In Figure 7-1 subfile '0' was
       selected and is shown just right of center in the figure.  The subfile selection

                                        41
-------
       corresponds to a  physical navigation point  in  the  subsequent  detail analysis
       described in the next sections.

•      Signal Selection   The signal selection allows the selection of the particular trace
       to display in the amplitude plot.  The program normally selects a trace near the
       center of the subfile. This function also allows the cursor selection of the location
       of the wave forms to be processed, namely,  the direct wave and bottom.  The
       direct wave in Figure 7-1 is shown by the '+' marks and the bottom reflection is
       selected with the 'x' marks.

•      Computation-There are 5 solutions of the sonar equations. These are:

              1) -  Compute Source level direct from known receiver, gain, directivity
                  index. This is output shown in Figure 7-1.
              2) -  Compute Receiver level direct from known source, gain, directivity
                   index.
              3) -  Compute Bottom Loss from known source, gain, receiver.
              4) -  Compute Receiver level from known source, bottom loss, gain.
              5) -  Compute Bottom  Loss  from multiples. Independent verification of
                  computations.

       The given computation process is indicated on the Figure by the Proc. No. given
on the bottom right of the Figure 7-1. See Section 3.0 for the detailed sonar equations.

•      Save Function - This operation allows the saving of the computed data to ASCII
       files. Two options are provided; computed data and computed data plus signals
       selected.  The latter being used as  the reference signal  in  the  Acoustic Core
       Reflection/Sign software  (ACRS1) used in  Volume II  analysis.  Figure 7-2
       illustrates the computed data save file.  The ASCII file extension  is '.cXs' where
       the X is the computational process number discussed above.

•      Print Function - The print function allows the selection of a gray scale (dynamic
       range 32 db) as shown in Figure 7-1  or a draft print out without the gray scale,
       Figure 7-3. This latter output only takes one-third of the time to  print and when
       doing bulk processing is adequate for documentation.

7.2    Detailed Calibration Statistical Analysis

       Normal calibration procedures, as bid under this contract, required the selection of
40 or 50 subfiles (points)  and computation of source  levels of the various systems.  The
means and standard deviation was compared to the Quality Assurance criteria discussed
earlier  in this  report.  This was done in early October and each calibration location
standard deviation just met the Quality Assurance criteria for the 3.5 and 7.0 Khz, but not
                                      42
-------
                                      CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                           Source/ Receiver, Bottom Loss Calibration

                                        CAL1 - Version 1.00
         Position Northing - XXXXXXXX.XX
         Position Easting  - XXXXXXXX.XX

        Original Path/File: C:\BJ\CAL\ELPRKCAL\EC010003.DAT
        Sub File No.: 2
        This File Path/File: C:\BJ\CAL\ELPRKCAL\EC010032.cdl
                   Process Type 1 - Source Direct,  Known Receiver
        Stack No.                =  2
        Display Gain  (db)        =6.02
        Source (db) - S (s)         = 80.37
        Receiver Hyd.  (db)- N(h)  = -80.00
        System Gain  (db)- N(a)    = 20.76
        Beam Pattern  (db)- Ndi   =0.00
        Depth 1 (m)- Dl           =3.83
        Trans. Loss 1  (db)- Nwl   = 11.67
        Depth 2 (m)- D2           =7.91
        Trans. Loss 2  (db)- Nw2   = 17.96
        Signal 1  (volts)- SI      = 15.4817
        Std. Signal 1- sdSl       = 0.1105
        Signal 2  (volts)- S2      = -2.0416
        Std. Signal 2- sdS2       = 3.0307

        Std. Source- sdNs         = 0.1185
        Std. Receiver- sdNhyd     = 0.0000

        Bottom Loss  (db)- BL      = -11.237
        Std. Bottom Loss - sdBL   = 2.6933
        Reflectivity- R           = 0.2875
        Std. Reflectivity- sdR   = 0.0902
D
              COMPUTED DATA  ASCII FILE

                    Figure  7-2
                                     43
-------
  C:\206p~AL\EC060000.DAT

         0  I   1   I  2  |  3
0.  -r
ms.  _.
21.  -L
                                      0   -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
                          f^f

t
iswcSg +

• tf * • • • "
•f
"" _1 	
• » > -r- - •»• -\
x
X








J
-=
-c
-

H


L
^



h


i —
>-






S(s) = 95.665
N(h) - -80.
N(a] = 6.9

Ndi = -2.
D1 =11.08
Nwl = 20.891
r\o — o ji f^oji
1 I/ ~ S a rkK/l
L/C. C.H.UU*!
Nw2 = 27.848
Sg1 = -5.5433
sdS1 =0.29174
Sg2 = -18.576
sdS2 = 2.5333
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = -6.0751
sdBL = 2.5291
R = 0.51 833
sdR = 0.1 5791
Disp.Gain=2   Stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X1
Trace No.= 21  Proc No: = 5
                                 TYPICAL "CAL!" DRAFT OUTPUT
-------
for the boomer. Further, the source level values varied slightly from site to site exceeding
the quality assurance  criteria and  the  time  loss  in  the acquisition  computer  was
unexplainable.  It was assumed that a quick examination of the data would explain the
differences and the program could continue.

       The first problem was identified while plotting out the ship's position recorded
during calibration. Figure 7-4 illustrates the ship position for calibration site EC01 at the
Elizabeth Park. The deviation from center is +/- 7.77 meters or a total extend of over 50
feet. Not only does the bottom reflection change, but the boat accelerating from point to
point caused random position changes in the location of the calibration phone. In order to
correct for this problem, it was determined that if the multiple reflection analysis gave
approximately the same value as the direct calibration procedures, the answer was best.
This required much more analysis than was normally done. Over 207 subfiles or points
were processed to correct for this unstable position problem.  This corresponds to over
8000 traces. The complete set of calibration records  with their supporting notes is given
in Appendix A5, along with computations.

       The complete raw and processed data for each calibration site is  summarized in
Appendix A5.  This Appendix A5 has reproductions of the field logs, a black and white
copy of the colored playback seismic cross sections  (with indicated calibration analysis
numbers when appropriate), summary processing sheet, and all the 'CAL1' output sheets.
 Figure 7-5A and 7-5B are the actual draft working summary sheets of all observations.
The headings are summarized as:

       1)  Event - This is the general site of the calibration and is given by the first 4
characters of the data file name.  In event number one this is EC01. In this example  E
stands  for Elizabeth Park and the C stands for calibration.

       2)  Location  - The location  is provided in State Plane coordinates of Northing
and Easting and  represents the mid-point of the navigation of the geographical  areas
delineated  by  the  navigational data, and is  not  necessarily the  mid-point  of the
observations. The convoluted movement of the ship, while on station,  makes computing
a true center point difficult.

       3)  Drift/Deviation - This is the maximum extent about the mid-point location.
Values varied from +/- 60.9 meters to 1.58 meters.   The latter is good survey practice.
Only three sites  out of the ten  calibration  sites met this criteria.  This observation
demonstrates the need for precise stable anchoring of the vessel during calibration.

       4)  System -  The particular source or receiver under calibration.  For example,
the Massa (MS) as a source.

       5)  Frequency - The center frequency of calibration. Note that the 7 Khz system
                                        45
-------
                                                                           5CRLE  1  =  1.83  M
                                                                      CRULF1ELD ENGINEERING
                                                                      SITE - acBl.nov
                                                                    DWG. NO.  2060-1003-EC01
SHIP'S POSITION AT SITE  EC01
-------
                   IOHMA«T or ALL r>i.n»»Tio»
                                GBAMMIL SUAVII  >  ms
                             jot ie«o   CAL raom jDurrrvrrr   -oo.oo DI
(VINT LOCATION ntirr LOCATIOH STI
•oxTKim BAsnia DCVIATION KAK>
401« MTTOa
II 1 1 1 1
I7C4 71407.90 ISIS. 40 •/- (0.> ILZ. nK HS
rrw

nor
CAL SOU.
CBTSTAL
KS
HS
uc.
nor
V/CKTSTAL
HS
IC01 713(1. (0 0440. SO •/- 7.77 ILZ. mi HS
MS
HS
uc.
WIT
HOT
UC.
/OITSTAL
HS
HS
KS
DOT
DOT
UC
nuo.
I
TIC
TIC
TIC
TIC
l.SIC
3. SIC
3. SIC
TIC

TIC
TIC
l.SIC

3.SZC
SOOKd STfi. DIV. MO POUTS
/UdTVn OUWD
1
93. 0(
13.
-ios,
-ii.
100,
-1(
-77
IS.
11.
-10.
-91
10
9(
-11
1

.0(
.41
.17
.10
.(0
.77
.2(
,3(
,3(
.00
.39
.29
.00
1
1.4]

2. (7
1.04
1.21
2.00
4.00
1.72

(.00
1.20
l.K



13
4
I
4
3
S
3
(

S
3
(

1
|
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00

.00
.00
.00

.00
MIAN
«.L.

-13
-1
-1
-1
-T
-10
-11
-7

-9
-11
erriATioK Luinifii
I.L.
1
.40
.41
.IS
.17
.17
.17
.11
.11

.04
.10
-1.03

-1

.14

2
3
1
0
3
1
1
1

1
0
1


1
.10 urasD »»o».ma
.17 CAL ma AT saina
.73 acrtTAt sooia 11.01
.99 HASIA UC. •O0VX 91. «
.S4 SOOia HASIA l.S
.54 OtTSTAL SOOId 100. (
.13 HAUA uc. soma ioo.(
.71 urosiD Anciai.ro*.!. in
^**«^*» tow s.o n
.11 MASS UC. SOOKCI 15.35
.41 atisTAL uc. soma 15.25
.11 MASS DOT • 1.3 n
COHFlTn DOT 1 S.O D>
MASSA UC.
ICO]      71KS.40   0441.3S  «/-3.IO   ILZ.  MUf' EDO UC.    TIC
                                               V
                                                  DO UC.   l.SIC


                                                  HS UC.    3.SIC
1.17     10.00     -T.73      2.70   SOTOCI IVL 17.11


0.3S      3.00     -9.77      l.tl   SOOKCI LVI, 103.(1


0.01      2.00     -1.71      u.JO   MASS UC SCOTCH  103.(1
         ATTIXPT TO CAUMATI DrmoCIAII UCIIVIR   SIVEU VOISI - CANNOT rkOCXSS
                   •COS ALSO «XS SOBJICT TO nOCTDATim STVDI NOISI
          713(7.00   0440.05  «/-3.7    SLZ. MX  BOOKXI     0.0-3IC     (3.00
          O.I-3IC      K.ll      0.9S


HS UC.   0.0-1IC     -10.10      0.00


CX UC.   O.I-1KC    -113.10
                                                                                             1.00

                                                                                             3.00

                                                                                             2.00

                                                                                             1.00     -S.22


                                                                                        I	I	I.
                                    vni IOISIT -to CAL ran.

                              0.00    USD OK DO • -10( DI

                              0.02   MASS UC. BOCKIX

                                    O UC. lOOKDt

                            	I	
                                                                           7-
                                                                         47
-------
rawurr or ALL ounugio* rvnm
                   - i*9s
at* 20(0 CAL raom sxurrtvn

BVBTT LOCATXOH ourr LOCATION STSTXH
•miiuM lAiTTjoa Drnxnc* KAMI
409* NXTXXI
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
•CO* 7140(.00 OI1S. 00 ./-J.OS KLZ. MUt. MS BUT/
HS ue.
.t/OLTSTAL
I/^CKXSTAL
V MI UC
MS BUT
urrxxocxAii ucxrvn -
IO UC
KOM/19-14 71*41.40 1113.01 «7-l. 50 *LX. LAC. MS DOT

MS BUT
/HS UC.
1X34/37-40 04. CM SOL/1.4 n POKT ILK. LAC. MS BUT


MS BUT
J MS UC
BUS T3I3S.40 0717. (S »/-l-S9 ILX. LAC. MS BUT
MS UC
S
TIC X.ll

l.SXC 9t.lO
l.SKC ' -01.11
TIC 94.11


J.SXC 97. Ot
TIC -70.21
7IC 97.19
7XC -77. IS
ITS -99.01
7KC -107.05
3.SKC 101. SI
l.SXC -00.01
3.SKC -111. OS
l.SKC -100.47
o.o-ixc x.*s
1-lXC IS. 13
1-10XC 91.19
0.4-1XC 01.00
0.0-1KC -(9.C1
|



(TO. DtV. MO KtVTS


| |
0.11 S.OO
1*07 2.00
S.M 1.00
1.4( 1.00
2.10 2.00
2.10 0.00

S.ll 4.00
O.It 7.00

O.S) 1.00
l.SO 2.00
O.S9 1.00


0.09 1.00
0.7S 1.00
2.49 14.00
1.19 1.00
1.00 3.00
1.04 3.00
0.(4 10.00
1.11 S.OO
1.T3 S.OO
0.40 11.00
2.34 1.00
1.00
1.00
i.OO
0.11 1.00
1 1



MIA*
l.L.


-0.01
-11. U
-10.41
-0.17
-9.37
-9.7S

-4.01
-4.19

-7.K
-10.9!
-C.S9


-3.S4
-4.7(
-10. S9
-10.01
-10.91
-11. 4S
-9.00
-10. SI
-10.19
-12.19
-0.1S
-7.33
-«.37
-12. 01
-9.7(
1

t
1
DtTIATIO* COOJMfJ
l.L.

| |
2.77 SO01CX, ANQOIIID Ht>
0.44 MS. uc. sonaii
1.11 CTTITM. nc ran „
J, •«». 11,
x.io ournu. nc ,., ^
O.S3 MS UC. 1., «,. ,(1J
l.SS MS BIT OU. 0 .10 n

4.17 10 uc. sonct ioi.li
i.tS BIT CAL 7. OK, CAl ,|
: QUO. n. . -ij.i a
l.CT BIT OU. 3.5K, Ol.||
•^«f&-^
1.1S , BCT OL-TKC. OU..K
. COU fTR 1}, gut .),|
(JTIIU XL i -:o.|
3.01 BIT CU 3. 1C, OH
0.11 MS UC SOTia - K,|
3.01 BIT aa TK OL.III
0.94 MS nc cu. toman
1.4« CXTSTAL «JC. Kliail

1.17 BIT CAL l.UC.OMI
1.91 MI UC 1.1BM9B
1.17 OtTSTAL l.SC,«nil
4.10 ' mo uc i.iR,ngi»
1.01 MOMXI CU, DO 1 III
KOOOI cu m. MI
Kaax cu rai-iii
•OOKDL CU fXL lit'l'
i.ti 10 uc cu tonai'i
1 i —

hi
                       ^_  7-5/2
                             48
-------
       had a center frequency of 5.8 Khz but did have energy from 3 Khz to 8 Khz.

       6)  Source/Receiver Level - The mean observed source or receiver level for that
site observation.

       7)  Standard Deviation - The standard deviation for the source or receiver level
for that site observation.

       8)  Number Points Observed  This is the number of subfiles used to compute the
statistics of each site observation. Note that each subfile normally had 40 traces.

       9)  Mean Bottom Loss   This is the  mean bottom loss observed at the site
computed over  each   subfile  for the  number  of points (subfiles)  indicated.  Each
navigation point represents one subfile.

       10) Standard Deviation  Bottom Loss - The observed standard deviation of the
bottom loss over each subfile for the number of points (subfiles)  indicated.

       11) Comments  - Highlights decisions made for the computations and values used
that impacted the results.

       All data was grouped by function, that is, source level or receiver levels  at a given
frequency.  Within each group, the  group statistics  and the weighted statistics  were
computed. In this analysis the means and standard deviation numbers were weighted by
the number of observations (labeled No. Points at the top of the summary Figures 7-10
through 7-17) taken for that reading. The following subsections provides the findings for
each  system and  compares  the results  with  the  manufacturers specifications when
available. The data in  groups BCR4  were taken while anchored for coring and show
generally lower standard deviations than the other data sets.

7.2.1 Transmit  Levels

       Figure 7-6 summarizes the observations for 3.5 Khz.  The source level observed
from each site is noted with its  standard deviation.  Also noted is the number of points
(subfiles) used to obtain the data. The weighted mean and weighted standard deviation is
obtained by multiplying each  event by the number of points, summing and dividing by
the total number of point observations.  The minimum and maximum value from each site
is provided.

       The local mean (group mean) is the average of the source levels and standard
deviations from  each site without weighting. The local  standard deviation is  computed
from the mean  values of each  event.  Except for the first event (E7C4)  all  events by
themselves meet the  accuracy requirements of the quality assurance program  and the
                                       49
-------
      CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
     TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
            SUMMARY
      3 .5 KG TRANSMIT LEVEL
EVENT
1
E7C4

EC01

EC02

EC06

BCR4/19-24

BCR4/37-40

BLC5
1
LOCAL MEAN
LOCAL STD.
SOURCE
100.60

90.29

103.61
96.97
100.38

96.30

97.86

101.52
98.44
3.84
STD. DEV.
3.29

3.86

0.29
1.89
2.18

0.53

0.09

0.64
1.60
1.34
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS
WEIGHTED SOURCE MEAN
WEIGHTED SOURCE STD.
T37\Mrnr CnTTT?rl'C' VAT.TTOC


DEVIATIONS
(MT\T _ MAY
NO . POINTS
5.00

6.00

3.00
6.00
8.00

3.00

3.00

10.00


44.00



	
ACC. SOR.
1
503.00
0.00
541.74
0.00
310.83
581.82
803.04
0.00
288.90
0.00
293.58
0.00
1015.20



98.59

on ->Q
ACC. STD:
1
16.45
O.OQ
23.16
0.00
0.87
11.34
17.44
0.00
1.59
0.00
0.27
0.00
6.40
1




1.76
1 (T3 C1
3.5 KHZ TRANSMIT LEVEL
      Fi gure 7-6
       50
-------
overall weighted source and standard deviation meets the quality assurance standards.  It
is believed that the variance between events is due to the wide range of ship movement
and the electrical induced noise which will be discussed at the end of this subsection.

       Figures 7-7 and 7-8 provide the same statistical analysis of the 7Khz source level
and the boomer source  level, respectively.  It is interesting to note that the difference
between  the  weight  means and the local  group  means  increased as  the power level
increased, which shows a relationship to the generator.   The transmit power increased
because the effective pulse lengths increased as the frequency was lowered drawing more
power from the generator.  Figure 7-9 illustrate the observed group  standard deviations
and mean individual  observed standard deviations versus pulse length.  The boomer has
the longest pulse length (right center of Figure 7-9) and the 7  Khz system the smallest
(left most data points of Figure 7-9).  This  suggests that the generator had some sort of
grounding problem and  the movement of cables on deck and/or power  surges may have
caused variance. After finding these relationships, it was confirmed that the generator and
ship  wiring  was  modified from  the previous  year, when  no such variation was
encountered.   This observation  further identified the generator as a cause of variation.
Ground surges or  pulses would also explain the  computer clock missing counts. It  is
important to note that the known vessel movement, while anchored, also contributed to
the variances, but with the statistical schemes employed, these movements were mostly
averaged out. This was confirmed by the low standard deviation of the 7 Khz data.

       This graph shows that by using the 7 Khz data to calibrate the surface reflection,
and that  calculation was  confirmed by  the  calculation of  surface  reflection using
reflection multiples (see Volume 3 appendix A3 section A3.4), that all of the 7 Khz and
3.5 Khz data was recoverable. Likewise some of the Boomer data could be recovered. In
any event, the boomer data was used to measure the deeper layers only and this travel
time information was recovered.

7.2.2 Receiver Levels

       The same group analysis was conducted  on data from each  of the receivers.
Figures 7-10 and 7-11 provide the receiver levels and statistics for the Massa transducers
at 3.5 Khz and 7.0 Khz respectively. Figures  7-12  and 7-13 provides statistics for the
crystal receiver at 3.5 Khz and 7.0 Khz, and Figures 7-14 and 7-15 provides statistics for
the receiver levels for the Edo hydrophone.

      Figure 7-16  provides  the approximate statistics  for receive  levels  for the
Interocean hydrophone.  Due to the confusion of ship movement, Caulfield Engineering
failed to notice that this very sensitive hydrophone has an absolute output limit of four (4)
volts peak to peak at its terminals. This meant that some source level measurements were
clipped which limited the number of points for calibration.  The Boomer used this unit
for most of its receive data, hence, care had to be taken to make sure that no clipped
                                       51
-------
                        CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON  CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                              SUMMARY
                         7  KC TRANSMIT LEVEL
EVENT
1
E7C4

EC01

ECO 2

EC06

BCR4/19-24

BCR4/37-40

BLC5
1
SOURCE
93.06

91.26

97.81

95.43

96.83

94.83

97.19
STD . DEV .
1.42

1.72

0.23

0.51

0.86

0.59

2.49
NO . POINTS
12.00

6.00

3.00

5.00

7.00

3.00

14.00
ACC. SOR.
1116.72
0.00
547.56
0.00
293.43
0.00
477.15
0.00
677.81
0.00
284.49
0.00
1360.66
ACC. STD.
1
17.04
0.00
10.32
0.00
0.69
0.00
2.55
0.00
6.02
0.00
1.77
0.00
34.86
1
LOCAL MEAN    95.20       1.12
LOCAL STD.     2.19       0.74
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS
50.00
WEIGHTED SOURCE MEAN 	

WEIGHTED SOURCE STD. DEVIATIONS

RANGE SOURCE VALUES  (MIN-MAX)  --
          95.16
          91.26
 1.47

97.81
NOTE: 7KHZ DATA PEAKS AT  5.8  KHZ DUE TO RESONANCE CHARACTERISTIC!
     TRANSDUCERS AND SHORT  PING LENGTH.  DATA AVAILABLE AT 7 KHZ,
             7.0  KHZ  TRANSMIT  LEVEL

                   Figure  7-7
                         52
-------
 EVENT
SOURCE
   CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
  TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
         SUMMARY
   BOOMER TRANSMIT LEVEL (0.8 - 1 KC)

STD. DEV. NO.POINTS ACC. SOR. ACC.STD.
ECO 5

ECO 5

BCB5
1
62.08

86.89

96.95
1
0.00

0.95

2.24

1.00

3.00

8.00
1
62.08
0.00
260.67
0.00
775.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.85
0.00
17.92
0.00
LOCAL MEAN    81.97      1.06
LOCAL STD.    14.65      0.92
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS
                        12.00
WEIGHTED SOURCE MEAN 	

WEIGHTED SOURCE STD. DEVIATIONS

RANGE SOURCE VALUES (MIN-MAX)  -•
                                 91.53
                                  62.08
                                  1.73

                                 96.95
NOTE: THESE VALUES BASED ON EDO AND  CAL PHONES
      NOT ON THE INTEROCEANS.
             BOOMER TRANSMIT LEVEL
                   Figure 7-8
                         53
-------
                      GROUP STD. VERSUS  PULSE LENGTH
o
§
£
O
Q
o:
CO
    2
    0
    1
    5
    1
    0
    0
                                               O GROUP STD.
                                               X MEAN INDIV. OBS.STD.
     0.0    0.2    0.4    0.6    0,8    1.0    1.2   1.4    1,6   1.8    2,0
                             PULSE  WIDTH (MSEC.)
CAULFIELD ENO. - «« TRACES
                                Figure 7-9
-------
                       CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                      TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                             SUMMARY
                     2.5 KC MASSA RECEIVER SENSITIVITY

EVENT     RECEIVER  STD. DEV. NO.POINTS ACC. SOR. ACC.STD.
E7C4

EC01

ECO 3
EC06

3CR4/19-24

BLC5
1
LOCAL MEAN
LOCAL STD.
rOTAL NUMBER
-77.77

-81.00

-86.79
-80.70

-81.81

-80.02
-81.35
2.74
4.00

0.00

0.01
2.10

1.50

3.11
1.79
1.48
OBSERVATIONS
(WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEJ
%-M" 	

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD. DEVIATIC
DRMrLTT •D-CT'VTITVD traT.TTFC (MTW _ M
2.00

1.00

2.00
2.00

2.00

5.00


14.00


"MM ______
W\ 	
-155.54
0.00
-81.00
0.00
-173.58
-161.40
0.00
-163.62
0.00
-400.10



-81.09

-flff 7Q
8.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
4.20
0.00
3.00
0.00
15.55




2.20
-77 77
             3.5 KHZ MASSA RECEIVER

                   Figure 7-10
                        55
-------
                        CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON  CHANNEL SURVEY  1995
                              SUMMARY
                       7 KG MASSA  RECEIVER SENSITIVITY

 EVENT     RECEIVER  STD. DEV.  NO.POINTS ACC.  SOR. ACC.STD.
          it          ill
E7C4

EC01

EC06

BCR4/37-40

BLC5
1
-91.57

-80.26

-80.43

-78.23

-77.35
1
1.04

6.00

1.07

0.75

1.19
4.00

5.00

2.00

3.00

3.00
-366.28
0.00
-401.30
0.00
-160.86
0.00
-234.69
0.00
-232.05
1
4.16
0.00
30.00
0.00
2.14
0.00
2.25
0.00
3.57
LOCAL MEAN   -81.57      2.01
LOCAL STD.     5.14      2.00
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS         17.00

WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEAN 	    -82.07

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD. DEVIATION	     2.48

RANGE RECEIVER VALUES (MIN-MAX) 	    -91.57    -77.35
             7.0 KHZ MASSA RECEIVER

                  Figure 7-11
                         56
-------
                        CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                              SUMMARY
                      CRYSTAL RECEIVER SENSITIVITY 3.5 KC

 EVENT     RECEIVER  STD. DEV. NO.POINTS ACC. SOR. ACC.STD.
E7C4

ECO 6

BLC5
-96

-95

-111
1
.60

.03

.05
1
4

3

1
.00

.46

.72
1
2

3

5
.00

.00

.00
-193
0
-285
0
-555
.20
.00
.09
.00
.25
1
8
0
10
0
8
.00
.00
.38
.00
.60
LOCAL MEAN  -100.89      3.06
LOCAL STD.     7.21      0.97
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS          10.00

WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEAN 		--  -103.35

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD. DEVIATION	     2.70

RANGE RECEIVER VALUES  (MIN  - MAX)  	  -111.05    -95.03
               3.5  KHZ  -  CRYSTAL  RECEIVER

                       Figure  7-12
                         57
-------
                        CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                              SUMMARY
                       CRYSTAL RECEIVER SENSITIVITY 7 KC
EVENT
E7C4

EC01

ECO 6

BLC5
RECEIVER
-105.49

-95.00

-106.33

-99.83
STD. DEV.
2.67

3.20

5.54

1.80
NO . POINTS
6.00

2.00

2.00

3.00
ACC. SOR.
-632.94
0.00
-190.00
0.00
-212.66
0.00
-299.49
ACC . STD .
16.02
0.00
6.40
0.00
11.08
0.00
5.40
LOCAL MEAN  -101.66      3.30
LOCAL STD.     4.59      1.39
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS         13.00

WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEAN			   -102.70

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD.  DEVIATION		     2.99

RANGE RECEIVER VALUES  (MIN  - MAX) 	   -106.33     -95.00
             7.0  KHZ - CRYSTAL RECEIVER

                  Figure 7-13
                         58
-------
                        CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                              SUMMARY
                      EDO RECEIVER  SENSITIVITY 3.5 KC

 EVENT     RECEIVER  STD. DEV. NO.POINTS ACC. SOR. ACC.STD.
I	I	I	I	I	I	
 EC03       -106.70      0.25       3.00   -320.10      0.75
                                             0.00      0.00
  BLC5      -100.47      0.40     11.00  -1105.17      4.40
LOCAL MEAN  -103.59      0.33
LOCAL STD.     3.12      0.08
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS          14.00

WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEAN 	   -101.81

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD. DEVIATIONS  	                0.37

RANGE RECEIVER VALUES  (MIN-MAX)           -106.70   -100.47
                 3.5  KHZ -  EDO  RECEIVER

                       Figure 7-14
                          59
-------
                        CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                       TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                              SUMMARY
                      EDO RECEIVER SENSITIVITY 7KC

 EVENT     RECEIVER  STD. DEV. NO.POINTS ACC. SOR. ACC.STD.
I	I	I	I	I	I	
 EC03       -108.40      3.87     10.00  -1084.00     38.70
                                             0.00      0.00
  BLC5       -99.83      1.80      3.00   -299.49      5.40
LOCAL MEAN  -104.12      2.84
LOCAL STD.     4.28      1.04
TOTAL NUMBER OBSERVATIONS          13.00

WEIGHTED RECEIVER MEAN	   -106.42

WEIGHTED RECEIVER STD. DEVIATIONS	                3.39

RANGE RECEIVER VALUES (MIN-MAX)           -108.40    -99.83
               7.0 KHZ - RECEIVER  (EDO)

                     Fi gure  7-15
                          60
-------
            CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
          TRENTON CHANNEL SURVEY 1995
                  SUMMARY

            INTEROCEANS RECEIVER
           LIMITED SAMPLES DUE TO NOISE
           RESULTS ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE

EVENT      FREQ.     RECEIVER  STD.
I	I	I	I	

 EC06       3.5KC      -79.95      5.11

 BCB5      0.8-3 KC    -69.63      0.13
           INTEROCEANS RECEIVER

               Figure 7-16
                61
-------
reflected signals were used.


7.2.3 Performance Summary

       Figure 7-17 provides a summary of the weighted mean levels, standard deviations
and manufacturers specifications for all the sources and receivers used for this project.
This figure shows that all systems except the boomer and the InterOceans hydrophone
fall within or  very  near  the 2.50 percent  quality control specification  in  the quality
assurance specifications. The EDO receiver was not used for processing data. The crystal
3.5 and 7.0 KHz variances were  slightly above the quality  control specifications.
However, mean bottom loss predictions with these units closely matched the Massa data,
and it was assumed that this slight increase over the quality control specifications did not
degrade these system overall performance. This indicates that the Caulfield Engineering
hardware systems operated to specifications.

       Even more important, the new CAL1 calibration program provides a way to verify
compliance  of all survey lines,  by checking  the  mean  source  and receiver values
computations against computation derived from reflection  the multiples.   This allowed
the rest of the program to be satisfactorily completed.

7.3    Initial Reflection (Bottom Loss) Results

       Two of the small calibration runs were undertaken at  core locations in Black
Lagoon while  coring operations were  underway.  These  initial measurements clearly
showed that the bottom loss of polluted or gas containing sediments is considerably less
than for the same non-polluted or non-gas containing sediment.  The following table
summarizes these initial result.
       Event        Location      Observed BL        Measured     Ideal BL
                                   DB               Density        BL

       BCR4/19-24  Core 18       -4.298               1.53          -12.1

       BCR4/37-40  Core 19       -6.596               1.18          -20.9

       BCL5        Corel6(1)    -10.900              1.22          -20.6

       Note 1: Boat was to be over Core 16 but navigation puts boat 24 feet away.

       It is interesting to  note that the air-water interface corresponds to a zero (0) db
bottom loss, that is, perfect reflection.  Therefore, the lower bottom loss numbers in the
                                      62
-------
           CADLFIELD ENGINEERING

           COMPOSITE SUMMARY OF CALIBRATION
UNIT
FUNCTION   FREQ.
WEIGHTED
MEAN      STD. DEV-  MANUFACT.
LEVEL                SPECIF.
MASS A
MASSA
SOURCE
SOURCE
3.5 KC
7.0 KC
BOOMER SOURCE 0.8-3 KC
NOTE: BOOMER DATA ONLY
MASSA
MASSA
EDO
EDO
CRYSTAL
CRYSTAL
10
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
3.5 KC
7 KC(5.8)
3.5 KC
7.0 KC
3.5 KC
7.0 KC
3.5 KC
98.59
95.16
91.53
APPROXIMATE
-81.09
-82.07
-101.81
-106.42
-103.35
-102.70
-79.95
IO RECEIVER 0.8-3 KC -69.63
NOTE: 10 CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON
1 1
1.76
1.47
1.73
2.20
2.48
0.37
3.39
2.70
2.99
5.11
102.48
95.45
88.00
-75.00
-82.00
NA
NA
-103.00
-93.00
NA
0 . 13 NA
LIMITED SAMPLES
                 COMPOSITE CALIBRATION SUMMARY

                         Figure 7-17
                             63
-------
above table also confirm that the sediments must contain gas. It is premature to speculate
on the amount of bottom loss deviation due to the gas and the amount caused by the
pollutants.   The Core  18 and  Core 19  sites  had phase reversal  at the bottom also
indicating gas content.

7.4   Spectral Results

       Spectral plots were generated for 16 traces from site E7C4. The  colored records
do not reproduce clearly in black and white so are not included in  this report.  However,
the spectral plots confirmed that each source was transmitting  the desired frequencies.
The 7 Khz system used a very short pulse length (0.14 milliseconds).  Since the resonant
frequency of the  transducer  was 4  Khz,  some lower  frequency energy  was  also
transmitted giving a mean frequency of 5.8 Khz.  However, when receiving this data on
the crystals, most of this lower frequency energy is filtered, because the peak response of
the crystals is at 8 Khz.

       A spectral plot is  generated by computing the Fourier Transform  (frequency
analysis) terms for the bottom reflections and each subbottom event. The energy at each
frequency is proportional to the sum of the squares  of the Fourier coefficients.  The
Spectral plots are a composite plot of the energy component at each frequency for the
bottom reflection and each layer.  These computations are carried out to ensure that the
desired frequency is being transmitted and received for each one of the seismic sources.
                                       64
-------
8.0   INITIAL CONCLUSIONS

       Even  though boat operations caused severe constraints  on the calibration and
operating conditions, software and statistical processing techniques and procedures were
developed and carried out to  overcome the  majority of the problems.  This allowed the
full processing  of the data set.  In future operations it is imperative that the vessel be
anchored in a stationary manner. During the period of time anchored it is necessary for
the position to be plotted graphically  using GPS  and the vessel drift monitored and
scientific personnel alerted to any potential problems.

       It is essential that all ships  electrical power be  inspected by a trained marine
electrician after any major work or modification to  the ship's electrical system.  During
ship operation,  methods should be developed to monitor the ships electrical system for
any spikes or other problems.

       Both the coring and seismic  calibration analysis steps carried out confirmed the
presence of gas in the polluted  sediments.   The two initial core sites where preliminary
bottom  reflectivity  studies were carried out  indicated a decrease in  the bottom loss
compared to equivalent non-polluted sediment.

       The expanded calibration analysis indicated that all 3.5 Khz and 7.0 Khz systems
functioned  properly and  according to the quality assurance requirements.  The crystal
receiver had variances slightly above the quality assurance requirements, but subsequent
analysis showed that the means from the crystals were close to the Massa transducers
allowing the  data to be used.  The Boomer system has a limitation in that the signal
strength from the bottom must be under  four (4) volts peak to peak at the transducer. This
is the case hi the majority of survey areas because of the separation (move-out) between
the transducer and the receiving  hydrophone.

       The new 'CAL1'  calibration program  allowed for dynamic calibration of all
survey lines  through the  use of reflectivity calculations using  reflection multiples to
compensate for the ship operating problems.

       The new Caulfield Engineering piston core rig proved to  be an economical
method to verify spatial variance, obtain sufficient sediments for system calibration and
provide adequate near surface  density estimates.
                                       65
-------
      Both the Caulfield Engineering Core Velocimeter and the USAGE Precision Core
Velocimeter confirmed the presence of gas in the sediments.
                                     66
-------
9.0  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      The staff of USEPA-GLNPO, USEPA-CBSSS, and the USAGE all contributed to
the success of the engineering and scientific findings of this work. Special mention to Dr.
Lloyd Breslau of the Caulfield Engineering staff for his extra work.
                                   67
-------
10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

       The following documents have been used in the preparation of this report.

Breslau, L.R, 1965, "Classification of Sea-Floor Sediments with a Ship-borne Acoustical
       System", Proc. Symp, "Le Petrole et la Mer", Sect. I, No. 132, pp 1-9, Monaco.
       1965, (Also: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Contrib. No.  1678, 1965).

Caulfield Engineering,  1995, "Micro  Survey-Acoustic Core and  Physical Core Inter-
       relations with Spatial Variation - Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Field
       Activities and Calibration    Documentation", Volume I, Caulfield Engineering,
       December 30, 1995, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield Engineering,  1996, "Micro  Survey-Acoustic Core and  Physical Core Inter-
       relations with Spatial Variation   Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Core
       Analysis and Summary  Findings", Volume II, Caulfield Engineering, March 23,
       1996, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield,  D. D., 1991, "Digital Field Shallow Seismic Acquisition  System©, Version
       DF25 Manual", (computer program and manual, IBM-PC), Caulfield Engineering,
       Oyama, BC, Canada.

Caulfield,  D. D., and Yim, Y.C., 1983, "Predictions of Shallow  Subbottom Sediment
       Acoustic Impedance Sediment  while Estimating  Absorption and Other Losses",
       Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 19(1), 44-50.

Farara,  D.G.,  and  Burt,  A.J.,  1993.   BEAK Consultants  Report: Environmental
       Assessment   of   Detroit River   Sediments  and   Benthic   Macroinvertebrate
       Communities - 1991.  Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy, London,
       Ontario.

Giesy, J.P., Graney, R.L.,  Newsted, J.L., Rosiu, C.J., Benda, A., Kreis,  Jr., R.G.  and
       Horvath, F.J. 1988.  Comparison  of Three  Sediment Bioassay Methods using
       Detroit River Sediments.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:483-498.

Hamilton, E. L., 1970, " Reflection Coefficients and  Bottom Losses at Normal Incidence
       Computed from Pacific Sediment Properties", Geophysics 35, 995-1004.

                                      68
-------
Hamilton, E. L.,  1980, "Geoacoustic  Modeling  of the  Sea Floor", Journal of the
      Acoustical Society of America 68(5), 1313-1340.

Helstrom, C. W. ,  1960, "Statistical Theory of Signal Detection", Pergamon Press, New
      York.

Long, E.R.  and L.G. Morgan.  1990.  The Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment-
      sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and Trends Program.  NOAA
      Tech. Memo. NOS OMA 62. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
      Seattle, Wa. 174pp.

McGee,  R.  G., Ballard, R. F.. and Caulfield, D. D., 1995, " A Technique to Assess the
      Characteristics of Bottom and Subbottom Marine Sediments", Technical Report
      DRP-95-3,   U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experimental  Station, Vicksburg,
      MS.

Michigan Department  of  Environmental Quality  (MDEQ). 1987. Stage  1  Report:
      Remedial Action Plan for Detroit River Area of Concern. Surface Water Quality
      Division. Lansing Michigan.

Officer,  C. B.,  1958, "Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmission", McGraw-Hill,
      New York.

Persaud,  D., Jaagumagi, R., and Hayton, A.  1993. Guidelines for the Protection and
      Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario.  Water Resources Branch,
      Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario.

Urick, R. J., 1983, "Principles of Underwater Sound", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and  Environment Canada (USEPA  and EC).
      1988. Final  Report: Upper Great  lakes Connecting Channels Study Volume 2.
      December 1988. pg. 447-591.
                                      69
-------
  APPENDIX Al




DAILY FIELD LOG
     Al-l
-------
                     L^/°ri
                                                               I Q . INIT   DATJ~
                                                               P^EP.I   i  /  /
             C
                                                UK
                                                            14-'" I
  T
                                                          m
           Rr
                                                         Tfffl
        _£

                  r.
                                                  MIL
   i
                                                  ^^^ ^^
                                                  w
•o
12
13
                                                  *vtr
U
                              '/LbK i/eJ? SI
15
 72,
          s>(L
16
17
 /3
18 I
19|
3
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
                                                    ^r
   16
                                                 n HI
       im

                                                 114-1
                                                                    14-i-l
   /ir
                                     dflli
HI
                                                     n

26
30
                                                  Kl
                                                                    Mi
                                                     w-r
                                                            itrr
                                                                   M-l-
32
33
  "ZJ
35
16A
                                                            i4tr
36
37
40
                                                   i^TI-
                                                           l-Ht
                                      Al-2
                                                                            37
                                                                            38
                                                                            39
                                                                            40
-------
	 «=-, 	
[Sfr\L

.
,V L-0 C,
M o E_ >r KAC E- <^
Q
PREP.
INIT. i ^T~
!^~7~
APP.J -TT-
Al-3
-------
DAILY LOG
O.OC
PILE SOB   FIX
HO.  nL2
    .1	I.
TIME    LINE REC. REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC. REC  3CMT  Off  Fl   Fl   F2   F2
GMT     TO.  SET. CAIN CAIN GAIN  TYPE  DFTB ANG. FREQ PWR  LOW  El   LOW  HI

174920         020       0         MS    l.S      7.0   S    1    20   1    10
              020        20        CR
17SCOO
17S700
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                                                                   3.5 Stare vtrc bard cl«y

                                                                                                       Good *pc. Pose tcon* pr
                                                                                                       good *pc.
9
9
10
11
12
13
18
19
20
22
3
4
0
1
1
«
4
0
2
2


82S
S45
865
905


1051
1095


180100
180200
180300
180SOO
181050

181220
181436
                                                                                                       good cpc.
                                 020
                                            20
                                            0
                                            20
                                   MS
                                   MS
                                                     CR
      good rpc.
      good tpc .
      good cpc .

      CHG. TO MASS A WITH  • 2C
       MASSA FIL 0 DB

      BACK TO ZTAL
   24
            1145  181700
                                                                                                       SHOAL
   28
                                                                                                       TU5UJ GAIN  DOWN NOT CAi..
                                             .1	I.
                                                .1	I.

                                                           AI-4
-------
DAZLT LOG

CLOD

FILE SUB  FIX    TIME    LIM8 REC.  REC.  FIL   TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XHT  XKT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2   SE?R COMMEHTS
HO.  TILE        GMT     HO.  SET.  CAIN  GAIN WIN  TTPB  DPTH MIC.  TMQ PWR  LOW  BI   LOW  HI   FT
  0    0          190*00        020         0        CR    1.5       7.0  S     1    20   1    30  3.S   At Supli Sitt J
do«* not  ci*  to  record  original  log  clOc  "h^ck  latter if  tiM allow*
problem*  vitb diilc  drive  on  coorputer
                        .1	I	I	I	I	!	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I.
                                                          Al-5
-------
ECOA
FILE
MO.
1
0
0
1
2
2
1
4
S
C
c
7
11
12
12
SOB FIX
FILS
1 1
0
1
4
0
2
2 24
S
2
0 «t>
4 100
S 127
1 202
1 225
2
TIME
GKT
131000

131152
131224
131250
131353


131S57
131739
131851
132244
132354
132400
LINE I£C. R2C. FIL
KO. SET. C&XH OAIM
lilt
OA C 0
020 0

020 20


010 20
050 20

090 20



20
                                                  . B£C. KZC. UC  XNT  XMT  Fl   PI   F2   P2   SS7R COMMENTS
                                                   TTPI OFTK AUG. FUQ PWB.  LOW  El   LOW  C   IT
                                                   I	I	I	1	I	I	I	I	1	I	!	
                                                         1.5   0   7.0   S    1    20   1    10  1.5  Scare

                                                                                                      Stopped co r»««t «c*I«
                                                                                                      •ud boccea ?
                                                                                                      Olbrmlu bete b*»ln
                                                                                                      v«ry
                                                                                                      Safe lotto*
                                                   MS                                                 COXFIRMS FILTER GAIN 20 D

                                                            Al-6
-------
DAH.T  LOG
RCOB
     SOB  FIX    TIME    LINE REC. REC.  FIL  TOT. REC. RSC. REC   XKT  »T  n   Fl   F2   F2    SEPR COMMENTS
MO.  PILE        GMT     NO.  SET. GAIN  GAIN CAIN TYPE DPTH ANG.  FREQ  PWR  LOU  HI   LOB  HI    FT
	|	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	|	I	|	I	
  0     0         132844        090   19.4   a   19.4 MS   l.S    0    7.0    S    1
  1     2    24   133002
                                                     20   1    30  l.S  power on •*•
             54   133133
  4     0    87   133310

  S     2   119   133446
  8     1
  8     4   190   133820
OSO  15.9   0    15.9 MS
050  15.9   0    15.9
•or of p«zp«id

Turning inco
Shoaling £»«c
                                                                                           ,lt,
  9     2    206   133907
  10    3    234   134033
050  IS.9 20    35.9 CR
030  11.1  20   31.1
Switch to CRy * :o db
  11    2    250   134120
  12    0    266   134206
050  15.9  20   35.9
090  19.4  20   39.4
                                                                                                         Hove to Gr«i> Sacple Hud
  14    2    344   134400
  17    0    380   134750
                                090   19.4   0    19.4  MS
                                                                         Switch M»n» o db tiltf:
                                                                         Hove co for sanplt
  18    2   406   134908
                                                                     3.5
                                                                                                         Change freq, uu giig
  19    9   422   1349SS
                                090   19.4   0   19.4
                        .1	I.
                                                                 .1	I.
                                                           Al-7
-------
DAILY LOG
RCOC
PILE SUB
HO. FILE
1 1
0
1
4

C
11
12
IS
17
20
22
24
25
30
34
35
36
37
40
42
43
43
46
SO
S2
59
41
63
70
71
72
73
75
0
5
4

0
2
3
1
4
1
1
1
2
4
2
4
0
4
0
0
0
5
2
3
2
4
3
1
S
5
1
1
2
FIX TIME
GMT
1
480 135250
13S4SS
5(2 13S«00
135IJO
1 140COO
129 141222
141320
141637
141937
320 142233
142447
410 142639
142829
568 143432
143843
678 144000
687 144030
144230
780 144510

144800

926 1*5228

1057 14S900
150730
1267 1S0930
1305 1S112S
1480 152020
152128
152140
1540 152300
1588 1S2S3S
                         LINE  REC.  REC.  FIL  TOT. REC. REC. REC  1MT  XMT  PI   Pr   n    F2
                         NO.   SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH AUG. FREO P*R  LOW  HI   LOW  El
   SEPR COMMENTS
   FT
                                090   19.4
                                               19.4 MS   1.5
                                                                   7.0
                                                                                   20
                                090   19.4  20   39.4 CK


                                090   19.4   20  3J.4



                                050   15.9   20  35.9

                                050   15.9   0   15.9


                                050   15.9   20  35.9 CS
                                050  15.9  0   1,5.9 MS
                                090  19.4  0   19.4
                                050  15.9  0   15.9
                                090  19.4  0   19.4
                                090  19.4  20  39.4   CR
                                050  15.9  20  39.4
                                090  19.4  20  39.4
30  3.S Celeron 1*1 Norcb nca

         Switch co Crystal.
         Hart Bottom 7
          Lost Povar
         Restart line

         Boar Speed Increased
         Line inco Mud E.Side It'.
         Switch to Maisa 0 db til
         Sample 65675-4099239

         Switch to CR » 20 Ponar
         •ample 440 N6S663-
         E 4099242
         Start Steaming
         Stop Samp. Tim Celeranls
         N6S803 -E2079015
         Switch Maaia til 0 db
         Steam to Cryiler Bay

         Chg. Detph Rng. 4.8 55.2
         St?ht. Dp N. End Island
                                                                                                       Switched to CR 20 db
                                                                                                       South Side Chrysler Bay
          Beading  into  Chrys.Bay
          Hat  Del-0   0   51.S
          Gain Change
          Stop Sample Silty Sand
          Till End of Record
                                                         Al-8
-------
OXTLT LOG
r»oi
     SUB   FIX    TIME    LIJTC R£C. REC. FIL   TOT.  REC.  REC.  RBC  JDTT  XHT  PI   Fl   P2   F2   SXPR  COMMEHTS
00.  PILE        GMT     HO.  SET. GAIN GAIN CAIN  TTFE  DPTH  AUG.  PUQ PVR  UOH  HI   LOW  HI   FT
	I	I	I	1	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	|	I	I	I	
  0     0                        090  19.4   0    It.*  MS   l.S    0    7.0    S    1    20   1    30  J.S  Start  lines in IUz ptk
  0     4    im  174124                                                                               Prmct  lia* nm i
  2     2                                                                                               Ch«ng« p»p. EM( , 15|
  C     o          17454S                                                                               Going  to icr. lin, t
  7     2    2101  174(40  SO IK
  9     4    213C  174820  101
  11    l          174930                                                                               Going  to n«n lia*
  IS    0    2215  17S220                                                                               Scop  *umy »UU pit
                                                                                                       decaili of lint runi
         .1	I	I	I	I	I	!	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I.
                                                           Al-9
-------
DAILY LOG
E703
FILE SUB
NO. FILE
I 1
0 0
1
s
7
»
12
20
25
27
33
34
39
4<
50
57
61
£3
70
70
73
80
82
83
85
88
1

2
0
2
14
4
0
0
2
1
S
0
2
4
4
2
3
0
3
1
0
1
4
3
0
1
FIX
1-
2C39
2CCO
26»4
272<
2782

2920
2988

3111

3197
3306

3470

3560

3SS2
3710
3802
3838
3861
3890
3910
1
TIME LINE R£C. REC. 1
GMT HO. SET. GAUr C
1 1 1 1
111305 3 090 19.4
11140*
1*1545
111730 S3N
1(2020 B3
1*2130
K2CSS SSH 090 19.4
183040 BS
1*3215
183630 S7N
183750
184055 S7
184C20 S9N
184930 K9
185438 SUN
185730
185855 Ell
190300 050 15.4
190410 S13N
190S07 E13
191120 S14N
191241 E14
191350

191700
1 1 1 1
                              SET. GATS GAIN SAIN TTPS OPTB ANG. PUO PNK

                                          0   19.4 MS   l.S   0   7.0   S
 ri    ri
 LOW  C
I	I	I
  1   20
n.   n
LOH  El
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
             .1.
                             .1
                                                                                            10  3.S  heeding ft.   lia* 3
                                                                                                     Power Prob.  Camp. Scopd
                                                                                                     Going co lina 3
                                                                                                     ser. Lin* J». Sp l.sfcnci
                                                                                                     End line 3
                                                                                                     Heading Co line S
                                                                                                     Start Lln» S
                                                                                                     End Line 5
                                                                                                     Heading Line 7
                                                                                                     Start Line 7
                                                                                                     Lump Mater,  on Bottom
                                                                                                     End line 7 Head 9
                                                                                                     Start Line 9
                                                                                                     End line 9
                                                                                                     Str. 11, Should Sample
                                                                                                     Soft 20 yds of N chan dk
                                                                                                     End line 11. go to 13
                                                                                                     Gain Change
                                                                                                     Start Line 13 North
                                                                                                     End line 13 go to 14
                                                                                                     Start line 14
                                                                                                     End Line 14  - Soft byPr.
                                                                                                     Start Stght. into Cave
                                                                                                     High Absorption
                                                                                                     Back out of  Cove
                                                                .1	I.
                                                        Al-10
-------
DAILY LOG
I7C4
FILE
HO.

2
4
S
1
13
IS
17
18
23
25
28
33
36
42
46
48
54
61
67
70

73
73
74
75
75
76
78
79
79
80
83
SUB
FILE
1
0
2
3
3
0
0
4
2
0
1
3
0
3
S
0
0
3
0
0
0

0
4
3
0
4
2
3
1
5
4
4
FIX

1 1



4072

41C4
4203


4215
4364

4480
4S77

4670
4748
4842
4936
4982




5053







TIME
CUT

192400
192S33
192634
1)2850

193320
193S30


193943
194056

194916
19S3SS

195845
200222
200720
201140
201351

201600


201722
201800

202036
202036



LINE REC. REC. FIL TOT. REC. BEC. REC WT XMT Fl Fl F2 F2 SEPR COMME.VTS
HO. SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH AUG. FREO PUR LOW HI LOW HI FT
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


020 6.9 20 26.9 Bnt.ring cov.
010 0.7 20 20.7 Gain Chang*



lie.


Str. lacking out of cov,
040 14.0 20 34.0 Gain Chang*
S14N Scare Lin* 14 H
B14 Knd Lin* 14
060 17.2 20 37.2 Gain Chang*
100 19.9 20 39.9 Gain chang*
S13N Start line 13
E13 End 13
Beading to line ?
S09N Start Line 9
BO 9 End line 9
Beading line S
SOSN Start Lin* 5
EOS End Line S
S01N Start Lin* 01
EOl End Line 1
Bove to for cal
Echo Sound 22 ft.
cal 020 6.9 0 6.9 cal 9> of cable out
IS' of cable out
040 14.0 0 14.0
cal 030 11.2 0 11.2 Gain changei
21' of cable out
Pull cal up
cal Cal • Receiv. MS i
cal 220 25.0 0 25.0 cal Cal • Receiveri
220 25.0 20 45.0 CR Switch to CRyitil
220 25.0 0 25.0 MS Switch to MaiM
100 19.9 0 19. 9 cal 3.5 Pul .Width 0 . 14 to 0























O



.11
Bad to BOV* ihip to ikii
90
91
92
93
93
96
97
101
108
117
119
122
129
131

0
2
2
1
5
3
1
3
0
2
2
S
1
1
1




cal Cal • 16' out
030 11.2 0 11.2 cal


010 0.7 o 0.7 cal Cal • 10' and th«n ml
5322



5442
5540
5680

5761
5855
5890
1 1
203050



203655
204145
204840

205245
205725
205855


050 15.9 20 35. 9 CR Chance C* and going
050 is. 9 0 is.9 KS Change Man.
20 35.9 CR Change Cryital
soiu Start line 1 north
EOl End Lin* 1 go to !
SOSN Start line 5
080 18.8 20 38.8 Change Gain
Eos End line S
S09N Start lin* 9
BD09 Scop 09 COBOUMI P'
.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 | |

LUl








*

                                                   Al-11
-------
DAILY LOG
E7cS
FILE SUB  FIX
NO.  FILE
TIME    LINE REC. REC.  FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XXT JCMT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2
GMT     HO.  SET. GAIN  GAIN GAIN  TYPE  DPTH  AUG.  FREQ PWR  LOW  HI   LOW  B2
SEFR COMMENTS
FT
   ]   2   S»«7   210245         0(0  II.6  20  3i.l CR
  (    S   C017   210S25   S13N
  »    5   «OC4   210740   E13
  IS   0                        050  15.»  20  35.)
  IS   3   (1«2   211200   S14N  020   (.»  20  2«.»
  II   4   (112   211400   E14
                                                         l.S
                                                                   3.5
                                                                  20   1    30  3.5 Going to line 13 CR ««c.
                                                                                     Start line 13 90 north
                                                                                     Bad of lin* 13
                                                                                     Cain Chlng*
                                                                                     Str. 14.  gain chug*
                                                                                     tnd Lia* 14
  20   1
  21   S    S23S
  22   2    (244   211640
  23   3    S262   211730
  24   3
                                                                                     Steaming into cove
                                                                                     Prop. core 1
                                                                                     Prop. cor* 2
                                                                                     Prop. core 3
                                                                                     Prop, core 4   abiorp
                                                                                                           of  Line Grass Bot.

                                                           Al-12
-------
DAILY LOG
CRS1
FILE SOT   FIX    TIME    LINE REC.  REC.  FIL  TOT. REC. SEC.  REC  WT  JOfT  Fl   Fl    F2    F2   SEPR COMMENTS
MO.  FILE         Of!     HO.  SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIN TTFE DPTH  AUG.  FREQ PWR  LOW  HI    LOW  HI   FT
	|	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	!	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
                          OLS   014   3.5   20  21.5  CR    1.5        7.0   S    1    20    1     30  3.5  Coring Ilii.prjc. Cov|

                  122200        030   11.1  20  31.1                                                     Cor* 5 N420I' n.7«01.
                                                                                                         Ot3 10* 37.3IIS* |
                                                                                                         w«i9ht . 14 Ibt llj.T
                                                                                                         to v»c«r Cop
                                                                                                         93.t cm ••diMat
                                                                                                         S«ll «ir pock«t 10.s c
                                                                                                        Black Silcy City
                                                                                                         Ca* concent
         J	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I.
                                                            Al-13
-------
DAILY LOG

CRS2

PILE SUB  FIX     TIME    LINE REC. REC.  FIL   TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XMT XMT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2   SEPR COMMENTS
HO.  FILE         GUT     HO.  SET. GXIH  CAIN CAIH  TYPE  DFT3  AHG.  FREQ PWR  LOW  HI   LOW  HI   FT
  0    0          152217   CRT    030   11.1   20   31.1  CR   l.S        7.0   S    1    20   1    30  3.5  Core f  III. Prk cove

  1    2    200    152312                                                                              Cor* location
                                                                                                     Mcdiua Hud gai*ou«

  5    2    2S3    152554                                                                              and of record

                                                            Al-14
-------
DAILY LOG
CKS1
FILE SUB   FIX
HO.  FILE
            SOO
            SIS
TIME    LINE  RJC. R£C. FIL  TOT. R£C. EEC.  ESC  XKT  XKT   PI    PL   P2   P3   SEPR  COMKEXTS
GKT     HO.   SET. CAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE OPTH  AUG.  FREQ PWR   LOW  HI   LOU  HI   FT
                  195400
195(40
195905
                                 OCO  17.2  20  37.2 Ot.   1.5
                                                                     7.0
                                                                                      20
                                                                                                         Cor* I I
                                                                                                        m.37(   14091447
                                                                                                        Hard
                                                                                                30  3.S
  1     2    523   195930
                  200219
                                 OCO  17.2
                                                17.2 MS
                                                          1.5
                                                                                                         Qiangcd to Man* »,c
            £18
            £22
            £24
                  200426
  2«    4    898
  27    1    906
 	I	I	I
201815
201840
                                                                     .1	I.
  Core Taken  t I
 N 7137C B409I447
 Retained 1* Sand Grivil
 Savpl* in Saoplt Ug

  Actual Location of Con
  on  •«i«mic rtcord
 Did  not anchor for then
  •o  off by a atttr ice.

  Setting Ready Cor* 9
.1	I'
                                                            Al-15
-------
DAILT LOG

CKS4

FILE SUB   FIX    TIME     LINE REC. REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XKT  XKT  PI    PI    F2    P2   SEPR COMMENTS
NO.  PILE         GMT     NO.   SET. GAIH GAIN GAIN  TYPE  DPTH  ANG.  PREQ PWR  LOB   HI    LO»  HI   PT

  0     1    >75   202207    CX9  050  15.9  0    IS. 9 MS   1.5    0   3.5   5    1    20   1
  2     3    1010  2023SO
  3     1    1020  202420
   S     1    1049  202548

   18    2    1245  203621
   19
            1263  203(21
            1318  203905
OSO  15.9  20   35.9  CR

ISO  22.0  20   42.0

ISO  22.0  0    22.0  MS
                                                                                              30  3.S  a«tcing r«*d cor* I 9
 Cor* * Dropped north ch.
 H714T7 K409I4I1
 1/2* S«nd Gr»v%l
 Changed Cry»c»l

 Changed Gain

 Changed Masia

 Droped Core 10
JT71490.8 E409B539.9
Silcy Sand Den 1.56
Oil Odor
North End Line 1
            1332  203947



                                                           Al-16
-------
                                                    _/-
:zr=5,.y>,
      :=f *-r T.- iz.-^.-^.^1
      rr'j- _.»-.-«Tr^Cw^l
                   C>ii»r
                                                         -- ^ J=~" V *
-------
DAILY LOG
KB01
FILE SUB FIX
no. rnz
1 1 1
0
0
2
C
11
13
35
46
55
SS
57
SB
59
(3
71
74
B«
0 2)
2
0
4 11*
3
4 !••
3 400
0 4»«
0
0
2
0
3
2
4 7SS
0
0
TIME LINE REC. REC. Pit TOT. REC.
GKT NO. SET. GAIH GATR GAIN I IV!
1 1 1 1 1 1
133200 300 2C.»
133242 200 24.4
100 19.9
133613
OSO 17.2
133*50 10 18.1
13S02S S01N
E01
18.8
1B.B
IB .8
18.8
18. B
110 20.5
140805 S02N


0
0
0

0
0


40
20
40
20
0
0



26.9 XR
24.4
19.9

17.2
11. 1


SB. a
38.8
5B.B
38.8
1B.B
20.5



                                                       REC. REC  XKT  ZMT
                                                       DPTH AUG. FRBQ PTO
                                                       I	I	I	I	
Fl   Fl
LOH  El
F2   F2
LOH  El
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                                       100  0.7
                                                                                  20
                                                                                                 15  BooMr 20- (ft
                                                                                                     Steaming «md line 1 tec
                                                                                                     Chang* gain

                                                                                                     Chg. Cain Rap Raea 0.25
                                                                                                     Chg. Gain
                                                                                                     Scare Lin* 01
                                                                                                     •nd Line 01
                                                                                                     Going line 5
                                                                                                 40  Cryscal Very weak
                                                                                                 40  Ha*sa receiver
                                                                                                 40  Gain Change
                                                                                                 40  Gain Change Ma<*a
                                                                                                     Back to Array Odb
                                                                                                     gain change
                                                                                                     Scare of line 5
                                                                                                     Source Sparking
                                                                                                     Terminate Line co repair
                                                                                         .1	I.
                                                         Al-18
-------
DAILY  LOG
 802
FILE  SUB  FIX
HO.   FILE
	I	I	I.
                TIME     LINE REC. REC.  FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC. REC  XKT  XMT  PI   FT
                GMT      HO.   SET. GAIH GATS OATH  TYPE DPTH AUG. FREQ PMR  LOW  HI

0    o          143000         110  20.S  0   20.5 AR    1         1.0  100  0.7    20
4    i                         010  18.1  0   IS.t
»    0    1284  143428   SOSN
14   4    133S  143705   BOS
F2
LOW
F2
HI
SCPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                                                                        IS   Boomer 20* aft bate
                                                                                                             Change G*tn
                                                                                                             Sort lint OS
                                                                                                             Bud Lin* OS
   1C    1
   20    0   1488   14443*  S09N
   25    S   1540   155715  E09
   25    S

   27    2
   27    4   1637   145200
   31    2   1671   145343  S13N
   34    3   1701   145512  E13
   34    S   1705   14SS57
                                  070  18.1
                                                  18.1
                               060
                                                17.2
37
38
41
44
45
46
48
51
54
56
57
58
SO
64
65
66
£8
68
73
75
2 1730
0 1798 150000
4 1831 150140 S14N
2 1854 150250 E14
0
1
0 NEL
5
4 2094 151440
3
1
2 151630
4 2140 152300
0 152325
3
4 2200 152624
0
5
4 2328 153250
1
                                  050  15.9
                                                                                             1.5  4.0
                                  100   19.9
                                                   19.9
                                                                                             0.4   1.0
                          Acquiiitin if,.
                 Start  line  OS
                 End  line 09
                 10 meter from tnd lia«
                 Boac turning away dock
                 System off  Resting loot
                 Restart system
                 Start  of line 13
                 End  13
                 10 meter paic lint
                 Echo from wall
                 System off
                 Restart to  lint 14
                 Start  line  14
                 End  line 14
                 Next stell  pier North
                 System Off
                 In Cove Run Out Herd Li
                 Near Core 16  (2nd con)
                 Byd. • outer core poiit,
                 Out  of cannal into dtip.
                 Change Filter 1.5-tt
                 System off
                 Start  Boom. Held Ou: I.
                 • 2nd core poiitim
                 Entrance covt
                                                                                                           Change Gain t Filtir
                                                                                                           Go back into covt
                                                                                                           Not transmitting
                                                                                                           Start data go out «•«
                                                                                                           First Core - Abiorptio"
                                          .1	I.

                                                                                              .1	I.
                                                                Al-19
-------
DA—.
BB03
FILE SOB  FIX
NO.   FILE

   0   0
                  TIME
                  GMT
              LINE REC. REC. FIL  TOT. REC. REC. REC  XMT  XMT  Fl   Fl
              NO.  SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH ANG. FRED. PWR  LOW  HI

                    100  19.9  0   19.9 AR    1        1.0  100
         F2   F2
         LOW  HI
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                                                                   .1.
                                                                              0.4  20   0.4  1.0
            24S2   153940
            3485   1S4040
            2533   154230
                                                                                      IS  Horicing in II Prfc Cove
                                                                                         Sceaa la and Profile out
                                                                                          BooMr next co bo«c
                                                                                          Scare Tola «»«t
                                                                                          l«c cor« lit*
                                                                                          bo*c in C«nc/Lin« chan
                                                                                          and core clce
                                                                                          3rd core «ice
   12
   17
   23    0
   25    0
   27    0
   29    1
                                          20   39.9 MS
                                100  19.9  20  39.9  MS
            2749   155352
2767  155545
                         Xmic Boom,  Rec.  M««s»
                     25   Sep 25-30 (t

0.8   20    0.8  3.0        Change Filters
                         Go back inco channel
                         Str. Line Going Base Out
                         Core tl
                         2nd Core Sice
                         3rd Core Sice
   30   0
   34   4
   35   3
   39   0
                    030  11.1  20  31.1 MS
                               0   11.1
                    100  19.9  0   19.9
            2904
                                                                                     .1	I.
                         Change Gain
                         Pilcer gain out
                         Change gain
                         10' South Bouy E. EXz.
                         Cove
                                                           Al-20
-------
DAILY LOG
SC01
FILE
NO.
	 |
0
0
1
2
2
«
S
£
E
7
8
9
9
10
SCB FIX TIME
FILE GMT
1 I
0
2
3
1 3149 182752
S 3187 187850
4 3229
2
0 3255
4
3
1
0
3 3336 183522
3
LINE REC. REC. PIL TOT. EEC.
NO. SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE
1 1 1 1 1 1
cal 030 11.1 0 11.1 MS
030 11.1 20 31.1 MS
cal 31.1 Cal





OSO 17.2 20 37.2 Cal
MS
020 6.9 20 26 .9 MS
CR


                                                                        XMT  XKT  Fl    Fl
                                                                        FREQ PWR  LOW  HI
F2   F2
LOU  HI
                                                          SEPR  COMMENTS
                                                          FT
                                                               l.S
                                                                                             .1.
                                                        .1	I.
                                                                         7.0
                                                                                1.2 0.7
                                                                                           20
11
11
12
13
15
15
17
1
S
3
4
2
1
3

3400

3436
3474
3494
3525

10

184115

184411
184540
                                                        CR
                                   020   6.9   0    6.9  MS
                                                         Cal
                                   055   16.6  0    16.6 Cal
                                   100   19.9  0    19.9 Cal
                                                                          3.5
                                                       20  3.5   Scare of Cal it El:. ;.v
                                                                 Change of gain
                                                                 Cal Phone ('

                                                                 Cal Phone 10-
                                                                 Cal Phone 14' 45 d«9.
                                                                 Cal Phone up ilov

                                                                 Cal next Receivers
                                                                 pulse length 0.14
                                                                 Change to Main Riceivi:
                                                                 Ctasge Gain
                                                                 Change to Crystal teny

                                                                 •"«< this Cal
                                                                Note: Confusion on 20 db
                                                                Check when procemng,
                                                                 3.5 khz Crystal phoni
                                                                 Change to Mass*
                                                                 Cal 8'. Gain not loggii

                                                                 Cal 10' angle 25 deg
                                                                 Cal Up to (urfact ilw
                                                                 Cal Next to Rec«ive:i
   18    2    3545  184642


   19    0    3SSO  184728
                                                         MS
20  39.9 CR
                  Maisa receiver

                  Crystal Receiver

                 Note:  found out lieu:
                  1.2  tew not 5 lew.
                                                                  Al-21
-------
DAILY LOG
ECO 2
FILE SUB   FIX   TIME    LINE REC. REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XMT  XMT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2   SEPR COMMENTS
HO.  FILE        GMT     NO.  SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN  TYPE  OPTH  AUG. FREO PHR  LOW  HI   LOW  El   FT

0       1                 cal   030  ll.l  0   11.1 cal    <        3.5  1.2   1    20   1    10
                                                                                                     Start Cal again  c»l ('
1    3
1    4   3C78  1IS319
2    1
130  2C.7  0   2C.7 cal   0
                                                                                                     Cal  Phone n«jcc co raceiv
                                                                                                     Cal  Bext to R«c. Cain Cg
                                                                                                     Bad  Dtscov. Pov«r 1.2K«
  2     5    3753   115704  cal   020  C.9   0    S.9   cal   (
  3     2                       010  0.7   0    0.7   cal   C
  3     3    3767   1B57«9
                                                                                                   Powvr at Skv gain change
                                                                                                   gain cnaag*
   4     0
   4     2
   S     0
                             030  11.1
                             020  6.9
                                                                   7.0
               11.1  cal
               6.3   cal
20   1    30       Change to 7.0 KHz
                   Change gain
                   Change gain
                   Hoc* This 7KHz
                   Pulse width - 0.28
                   Not 0.14
                                                           Al-22
-------
DAILY LOG
IC03
FILE SOT   FIX    TIME    LIKE REC.  REC.  FIL  TOT. REC. REC.  REC  XMT  XMT  Fl    Fl    F2   F2   SEPR  COMMENTS
HO.  FILE         GMT     NO.  SET.  GAIN GAIN CAIN TT7B OPTE  AUG.  FUQ PUR  LOH   HI    LOW  HI   FT
0
1
2
2
3
4
4
S
1
1
1
S
2
0
4
0
3920 190500 CAL
3947 190649
3»7« 190116
3»»1 DOI1C
3991



                                040   14.0  20  34.0
                                040   14.0  20  34.0 EDO
                                070   K.I  20  31.1
                                 070   18.1  20  38.1 Edo
                                                                     7.0
                                                                     3.5
    20    1    30       Cal wtcb  IDO

                       Gain Quug*
                       Lo««r to  14 CMC
                       Mow up co ivirfaet
                            to ractiv phoDit
                              j»in

                       Change Frequency ].;
    20    1    30       Change Filter
                                 OSO   15.9  0   15.9 EDO
                                                                                                          Change  Co Maitt phon«

                                                                                                          Next  Co ceceivtn
            4122  195031
                                 110   20.5  0   20.5 EDO
                                                                                                          Edo  ('  Pul Length 0.31
                                                                                                          Power  5 lew


                                        .1	I	1	I	I	I	I.
.1	I.

                                                           Al-23
-------
DAILY LOG

EC04

FILE SOB  FIX    TIME    LINE  REC.  REC.  PIL  TOT.  REC.  RBC.  REC  XKT  XHT  PI   PI   P2   P2   SEPR COMMENTS
IK).  PTLZ        GMT     NO.   SET.  GAIN GAI* GAIN TTFE  DPTH ANG.  PREQ PVR  LOW  El   LOW  HI   FT
                                110  20.S  0   20.S 10   <         3.5   S    1    20   1    10      lnc«rOc««n Pbon*
                                                                                                     Woi»»y found bed b«ct«ry
                                                                                                      Pul«« L«ngtti 0.21
                                                                 .1	I.
                                                          Al-24
-------
DAIIT LOG
•COS
FILE SUB   FIX
HO.  FILE
                  TIME
                  GMT
            4423   193210
 LIME  REC.  REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC. REC  XMT  XMT  Fl   Fl    F2   F2   SEPR COMMENTS
 HO.   SET.  GAD) GAIN GAIN  TYPE  OPTE AUG. FUQ PHR  LOW  HI    LOW  HI   FT
.!	I	I	I	I	!	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
        100   19.9 20   39.9 Cal    7
0
0
s
c
7
7
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
4
S
5
1
2
4
3
1
3
1
1
4
0



4564* 193912

4619 194156
4839 194258
4639
4661 194406
4678 194456



                                                                         100   O.I
                                                                                          O.I  30
                                                     MS
                                                     Cil
                                                     EDO   4
                                                           14
                                                                               0.8
                                                                                         0.8
                                100   19.9   40  59.9 CR
                                050   15.9   40  55.9
                                                                                                         C»l tOOMC C
                                                                                                        Boour Ju«t «ft ierbflit
                                                                                                         M«*M R*e. Koitt Prob.
                                                                                                         ••ck eo Cal »hon«
                                                                                                         Playing trith tilt.ti
                                                                                                         Depth 7 {«*t
                                                                                                         Dapth 4 £•«
                                                                                                                to edo
                                                                                                         D«pch 14 £««t
                                                                                                         Depch II C««c
                                                                                                         Scare up
                                                                                                         Change Ma««« phone
                                                                                                         Chang* Czyical  Rec.

                                                                                                         Change Gain
                                                                                                         Shut down
                                                               Al-25
-------
BAIL
EC06
FILE SOB
MO. FILE
0
1
2
2
3
4
S
S
e
7
7
8
10
11
11
12
13
IS
16
16
18
19
20
20
21
21
22
0
2
1
S
4
0
0
S
1
0
4
4
0
1
S
2
0
4
3
4
2
1
0
4
1
S
3
FIX TIME LINE REC. R£C. FIL TOT. RZC. REC.
GMT NO. SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH
5149 200824 020 C.9 0 (.9 Cal S
5182 201004 030 11.1 0 11.1 12
5201 201101 1C
5215 201145

5242 20130S 030 11.1 20 31.1 Cal 1.5
526S MS
CR
030 11.1 40 51.1 CR

5327 201720 030 11.1 20 31.1 CR
100 19.9 0 19.9 MS
Cal
5408 202130 010 0.7 0 0.7 Cal 8

S43S 202246 030 11.1 0 11.1 cal 12
5451 202333 __ IS
5513
S596 203045 10

005 -3.3 0 -3.3 10
5S40 203259 010 0.7 0 0.7
5654 203259 005 -3.3 0 -3.3
5S65 203415 010 0.7 0 0.7

5701 005 -3.3 0 -3.3
5710 203601
                                                                  XMT   XMT
                                                                  FREO  PWR
Fl
LOW
Fl
HI
F2   Fl
LOW  HI
S£?R COMMENTS
FT
                                                                   7.0
                                                                    3.5
                                                                    7.0
                     Changed Preaap Bat eery
  20   1    30       C»l AC SCacion 10
                     Puli* Width 0.14
                     Cain Chg. Depch 13'
                     Depch 1C angle 10 d«g
                     Raise co surface
                     Nexc Co Receivers
                     Change Gain nexc rec.
                     Massa receivers
                     Cryscal Receiver!
                     Increase gain
                     Scop

  20   1    30       Change 3.5 teHz 0.28 pi
                     Change Massa
                     Cal Phone Nexc Receiver
                     Cal Phone B'
                     Depch 12'
                     Gain Chg. Depch 12'
                     Depch 16'
                     Up co surface

                     Change co Incer Oceans
                     Unknown  gain change
                     Gain Change
  20    1    30       Change 7.0 khz pulseC.l-;
                     Depch 14' gain change
                     Up 4' gain change
  20    1    30       Filcer change
                     Gain  change
                     up  co  surface
                                                            Al-26
-------
DAILY LOG
KBOS
FILE
HO.
I
0
1
2
4
C
9
14
16
17
19
22
23
25
26
30
32
SUB
FILE
| I
0
2
3
0
1
2
2
0
3
0
0
1
4
4
3
3
FIX
1 1

(015
(027
C03S
COS9
C090
£185
S197
£212
6234
C2S9



6340

TIME
GMT

20S144

20S300

20SS40
210010

210146
210249
210357



210759

                          LIKE  R£C. REC. FIL  TOT. X£C. RZC. R£C  ZNT  XMT  PI   Pi   P2   F2   SEPB COMMENTS
                          NO.   SET. GAIN GAIN GADC TTTE DPTH ANG. FKEQ PHK  LOV  El   LOW  HI   FT

                                 COS  -3.1  0   -3.3 10    1         1   100   0.8   1   O.I   30   10
                                 010   0.7  0   0.7
                    Cov
                                 020  6.9
                                                6.9 10
                                                                               0.4   O.B  0.4
                                 090  19.4  0   19.4
                                 040  14.0  0   14.0
                                  30  11.1  0   11.1
                                                                               0.8
                                                                                         0.4
                                                                                               30
                                                                                               30
        * 10 in i
 gain chaag*
 Cor* »t l
 Cor* St. a going ,tit
 Cor* St. 3
 Out to buoy and Hot

Chang* £r*q.  run E. out
 Cor* St. 1
 Cor* St. 2 7E»rd Boc.
 Cor* St. 3
Gain Chang*
data clipped
gain chg. • grstn buoy
gain chg. filter ehu;<
Buoy Heading wait
Bnd of lin*
                                                            Al-27
-------
DAILY LOG
BP01
FILE
HO.
1
0
0
1
3
C
7
8
il
13
14
16
17
17
23
27
26
36
38
42
SO
SI
56
56
65
70
75
78
79
82
84
94
100
103
108
113
114
120
122
126
126
I

SUB
FILE
1
0
3
2
S
2
1
0
1
3
3
0
2
S
0
S
3
3
1
0
0
4
0
4
1
4
2
4
5
3
3
3
0
S
3
1
1
1
0
0
3
I

FIX TIME LINE REC. REC. FIL TOT. REC. R£C. REC »
GMT HO. SET. G3OH GACT SAXH TTTE DPTH ASG. F»
1 	 1 1 1 1
17 122352 030 ll.l 0 11 MS 1.5 1
30 122440 S02N
C7 122C27 802

161 123112 S04 040 14.0 0 14.0 MS
177
202 123300 E04
050 15.9 0 15.9
325 123920 S06N

377 124200 EOS

412 124339 060 17.2 0 17.2
494 124704 S08N
569 125120 EOS
070 18.1 0 18.1
706 125816 S10N
733
793 130238 E10
921 130900 S12N
948
1015 131344 E12
080 18.8 0 18.8
1163 132100 S14N
12S9 132520 E14
1330
1378 133140 S1SN
1397
1440
1468 133610 E16
1629 134417 S18N
1716 134836 E18
070 18.1 0 18.1
1851 13SS20 S20N
1925 135520 E20
060 17.2 0 17.2

140600 S22N
2129

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Al-28
                                                                 XKT XHT   PI   PI
                                                                 FKEQ FWR   LOW  HI
                                                                    .1	I.
                                                                  7.0
   n   F7
   LOW  HI

20  0.7   20
SEPK COMMENTS
FT
   -I.
                                                                                               l.S   Gibralcer Hacer IT -3C
                                                                                                    Black Lagoon Lower
                                                                                                    ASOlAugA Navigation
                                                                                                    Ser.  L.  2 CoreSiee 70*

                                                                                                    Seal* 2.4 53.5
                                                                                                    Scare line 4
                                                                                                    core  sit* 1 ?
                                                                                                    end line 4
                                                                                                    gain  change
                                                                                                    scr.  06   speed 1.3 kts
                                                                                                    possible core «ite
                                                                                                    end line 06
                                                                                                    Scale 4.1 - 55.9
                                                                                                    gain  cnange
                                                                                                    Scare Line 08
                                                                                                    End line 08
                                                                                                    Change gain
                                                                                                    Scr.  line 10  0.9 tents
                                                                                                    pocsible core lice
                                                                                                    end line 10
                                                                                                    tcr.  line 12
                                                                                                    possible core line
                                                                                                    end line 12
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    scare line 14
                                                                                                    end line 14
                                                                                                    BOCCOD Pile above boc.
                                                                                                    Str.  line 1«
                                                                                                    Poss. Core   SoCC
                                                                                                    Hard Boccom ?
                                                                                                    End line 16 - Soft boec
                                                                                                    Scr.  line 18 -  0.8 Icnci
                                                                                                    End line 18
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    scr.  line 20    1.0 kncs
                                                                                                    end  line 20
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    depch scale  0  51
                                                                                                    scare line  22
                                                                                                    old  seacion 17
                                                                                                    end  line  22
                                                                                   .1	I.
-------
DAXLT  LOG
BP02
FILE SOT FIX
NO . FILE
1 1 1
0 0
1
4
4
S
•
13
17
19
27
33
38
43
50
57
58
63
C4
64
68
68
ca
71
75
75
75
1

2 2239
1 2201
2 2290
1
2
2 2429
1 2489
2
0 2647
1 2742
3 2832
4 2906
0 3007
4 3133
4 3146
2
1 3230
4
1
2
4
1 3349
1
2
3 3415
1 1
TIME LINE
GMT NO.
1 1

142155 S02N

142420 102


143120 S06
143420 E06

144214 S10N
144645 E10

145500 S14N
150010

1S0700 S18N

151120 B18




151940 S22


152258 E22
1
                           NO.   SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH ANG.
                                	I	I	I	I	I	I	
                                 0«0   17.2  20  37.2  O.   1.5
                                                                    XKT  »T   Fl    Fl   F2   F2
                                                                    FKEQ PVR   LOW  HI   LOW  HI
                 SEPR COMMENTS
                 FT
.1	I.
.1.
                                                                     7.0
                                                                                      20  0.7
              20
                                 0(0  18.8  20  38.8
                                 100  19.9  20  39.9
                                 090  19.4  20  39.4
                                 060  17.2  20  37.2
                  3.5   Cry»cal black Ujoon
                        Pulie vidch 0.14
                        Str. 02 wat depth ;•
                        wat. depth )• TC(d|
                        •nd line medi
                        chug* gain
                        •cale cbg. 4.1 . ss.j
                        •care line Of
                        End line 06
                        Gain Change
                        Start line 10
                        End line 10
                        Raised toft ipot
                        Stare line 14
                        End line 14
                        railed iott mactrul
                        Str. line 18
                        one line ouc old Sti 17
                        End line 18
                        Scale 0   SI.:
                        Shut down dac* colltc::;
                        Scare again
                        Change gain
                        Start line 22
                        Chg. gain Poisiile ckj
                        Old Stt. 17
                        End line 22
                        Computer time 141101
                        OTC time 152430
                                                             Al-29
-------
OAIZ.T  LOG
BP03
FILE SUB  FIX
HO.  FliE
TIME
GMT
LIKE REC. R£C.  FIL   TOT.  REC.  REC.  REC  XKT  XHT  Fl   Fl
HO.  SET. GAIN  GAIB GAIN  TTPB  DPTE MG.  FKEQ PW  LOW  El

      030   11.1  0    11.1 MS   1.5       3.5   5   O.T   20
F2   F2
LOB  HI
SEPR COKKEVTS
FT
0
3
C
12
1C
25
0
0
3
5
1
S
3509
3550

3710
3761

S02M
tO 2

1720SO S04H
172325 104

                                040   14.0
                                050   15.9
                                                14.0
                                                IS.9
                                                                            20  3.5  Black U»goon 3.5 kBz
                                                                                     Pulse l«agtb 0.2*
                                                                                     Start Lin* 02
                                                                                     End lin* 02
                                                                                     C*in ebang*
                                                                                     Scr. Lin* 04
                                                                                     End  Lin* 04
                                                                                     gain change
   26   S   3929  173147  S10N
   28   5   3959  172325
   32   4   4021  173625


   43   3   4189  174450  S14N
   45   3   4221  174625
   46   S   4244
   49   5   4290  175000  £14
                                                                                      Start  line 10
                                                                                      hard *poc
                                                                                      End line 10

                                                                                      •tart  line 14
                                                                                      hard ipoc
                                                                                      Power  (urge  - nolle
                                                                                      End line 14
   57   4   4416  175606  S18N
   63   4   4511  180100  K18
                                                                                      Start Line  18
                                                                                      End line II
   CS
   67
            4560  180330
                                                                                      Turn fast down «cre
                                                                                      lighting storm
                                                                                      System shut down
                                                             Al-30
-------
DAILY LOG
BOU
FILE SUB
NO . FILE
| I
0
9
10
13
1C
19
20
20
21
24
26
27
26
29
30
32
33
34
3S
36
46
46
46
48
49
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
s
0
3
1
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
2
4
0
2
FIX TIME LINE
GMT NO.
1 1 1
17 124020

ISO 124846 S16N
12S043
265



537 130600 Cll
586
618 131036 Cll
Cll
666


7S7 131722 Cll

1006 132950
1024 133048 C12


1278 134332 C12


1344 134647
                                 REC. REC.  FIL  TOT. REC.  REC. REC   »T  1MT  tt    Fl   F2    F2
                                 SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE  DPTH ANG.  FREQ PTO  LOW   HI   LOW   HI

                                  OSO   15.9  0    IS.9 MS    1.5   0    3.5   S    1     20
                                                         SEPR  COMMENTS
                                                         rr
                                   ISO  23.2   20
                                                       MS
                                                         MS
                                                        CR
                                                   43.2 CR
                                                   23.2  MS
                                   ISO  23.2
                                   150  23.2
                                   150  23.2
                                               20  43.2 CR
                                                    23.2 MS
                                                                                     1     20   1
                                                                                     3     20   1
0
20
23.2 MS
43.2 CR
                                                                          3.5
20  3.5    R«con  (or con iitll
          •long lint l< I(p 0 1S|
          175 yd» fro* Str. UM:
          IS yd* SOL
          Str. lin« it
          20 Mter* in po.. tor,
          35 meters in poi. Bird
          to - «7 ntr. pot. solt
          76 - SO Btr. poi. Birj
          110 ntr. po< lotc
          Moving  to * poulbli i|
          • top recording  rigjij

          Anchored core 11 itirt
          Rep. rate -0.55 «i:
          Core Down K73002
          E40987SS
          change  to cryictl
          change  gain
          change  freq. 7 kh:
          change  Malta 7 khz
          •  105 meter troa lict
          pulse  length O.K
          •  95 ntz.  Pooir • Bin
          clay/silt  with jrivd
          Start  again
          Core  12 In, »5.1 mil
          N72993  E4098757.)
 20       Switch Cryftal
 20       change filter
           •witch Ma»>
 20        changed filttr
           change treq. 3.5W«
           change to cryittl
           Fluff on top at con I
                                                             .1	I.
                                                                 Al-31
-------
DAILY LOG
BOUA
FILE SOB
WO.  FILE
           FIX
TIME
GMT
   SI
   52
                       LIKE REC. REC. FIL  TOT. REC. REC. REC  XKT  JWT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2   SEPR COMMENTS
                       HO.  SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE DPTH AMG. FREQ PW  LOW  HI   LOU  HI   FT

                             ISO  23.2   0    23.2 MS    1.5        3.5    5    1    20   1
            1789   140900   C13
            l»4t   141C34   C13
            2000  141900
52   2
52   5
S3   3
54   2
55   3
57   3
58   2
59   5   2210  143124
SI   2
   61   4
                                ISO  23.2  20  43.3 CR
                                200  24.4  20  44.4 CR
                                200  24.4  0    24.4 MS
                                ISO  23.2   0    23.2 MS
                                150   23   20    43.2  CR
                                                                            20  3.5  Con Sic* 13 - 71.1 «tr.
                                                                                     Masaa 3.S khz
                                                                                     Stop Pinging - Pour dwn
                                                                                    Very Bard - ftock/Gr*v»l
                                                                                     Maa» curt again C13
                                                                                     Switch cryvcal 3.5 khz
                                                                                     gain change
                                                                                     cng. Creq 7.0 pl>0.14
                                                                                     cng Mai*a, cbg. gain
                                                                                     Scop Boving boat back

                                                                                     Ponar   Sand Gravel Clay
                                                                                     Getting ready  Cor C14
                                                                                     Core 14 down  - Sand f-.ne
                                                                                     pea gravel  6"  length
                                                                                     could not lave
                                                                                     Switch  to cryital

                                                                                     End Disk
                                                                                     note:  record  4.8  55.2
                                                            Al-32
-------
DAILY LOG
BRC2

FILE SUB   FIX
NO.  FILE
               TIME
               GMT
                        LINE  REC.  REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  EEC. REC  XMT   XXT  PI   PI    F2   P2
                        NO.   SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE  DPTH ANG. FREQ  PVR  LOW  HI    LOW  £1
                                                        SEPR COMMENTS
                                                        n
                                                      .1	I	
                                 ISO  23.2  20  43.2 CR   l.S
0    0   23
-------
DULY LOG
BCR4
FILE SOB  FIX
NO.  FILE
	t	I	I.
  0    0   4051
TIME    LIKE REC. REC. Fit,  TOT. REC. REC. REC  XHT  XKT  Fl   Fl   F2
GMT     NO.  SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TTPE DFTE AHC. FREQ P«R  LOW  El   LOW
                  1I08SO   C17   200  24.4   0    24.4 MS   1.5
                                                                   7.0  1.2
                                                                                   20
  F2
  HI
.1	I.
    20
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                                                                            I
            4207   181615   C17
8
9
10
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
22
23
23
24
2S
25
27
26
30
31
32
34
34
35
36
37
38
38
39
40
40
I

2 4241
1
3
S
1 4326
3
3 4378
3 4723
3 4738
0 4759
4 5214
5
4
2
4
1
5
4 5520
2
5 5547
3 5583
4
5
4 5800
5
1
4 5880
4
4 5921
0 5929
1 6133
4 6154
3 S172
2
4
1 1

200
400
200

070
060
182455 C17 060

184300 C18
060
Cal 020

010
030
020

030
020
045
192310 S22N
192500 0(0



050
050
193930 100

100
050
CAL 015
195330 CAL 030
015
030
015
1 1 1

24.4
29. S
24.4

18.1
17.2
17.2


17.2
6.9

0.7
11.1
6.95

11.1
6.9
1S.O

17.2



IS. 9
15.9
19.9

19.9
15.9
4.1
11.1
4.1
11.1
4 .1
1

20
20
20

0
0
20


0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0



0
20
20

0
0
0
0
0
0
0


44.4
49.5
44 .4

18.1
17.2
37.2


17.2
£.9

0.7
11.1
CR

CR 3.5 1.2
S
MS 3.5
MS 7.0
CR
7.0

MS
Cal 8

Cal
Cal
6.9 Cal

11.1
3.5
Cal
6 .9 MS
15.0

17.2



IS .9
35.9
39 .9

19 .9
IS .9
4 .1
11.1
4.1
11.1
4 .1
1 1

MS

MS



MS
CR
CR
7.0
MS
MS
Cal
Cal
Cal 3.5
Cal
Cal
1 T 1 1
Al-34
                                                                               3.5  Cor*  17  La«t  year  II
                                                                                    Black Lagoon  Lover
                                                                                    Echo  sounder  10*
                                                                                    »ul>« width 0.14
                                                                                    Pour cl«y/«ilc/eand
                                                                                    SC.O  nE*r  on lln* 2.Tot
                                                                                    Core  down K72J42.2
                                                                                    B409I817.2
                                                                                    Crystal, chug* gala
                                                                                    Gain  Chang*
                                                                                    Preq.  cbg.
                                                                                    Power chg Co  5 lew
                                                                                    Change co Massa rec.
                                                                                    Preq  chg 3.5,  gain chg.
                                                                                    Change co crystal

                                                                                    Geccing  ready core IB
                                                                                    Core  18  S5.2mcr.  1.0  oil
                                                                                    Mass* rec.

                                                                                    CALIBRATION   (• depth
                                                                                    Raise Cal phone
                                                                                    Gaia chg.
                                                                                    Gain cbg.
                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                    Freq chg.  Co 3.5  khz
                                                                                    Gain Chg.  PL • 0.28ml

                                                                                    Going CO line 22   3.5  khz
                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                     •care line 22
                                                                                     gain chg.
                                                                                     •cop anchor  for Corel)
                                                                                     moving  scill  old  core 7
                                                                                     84.9 mecr. 2.3 •  offset
                                                                                     Lower core 19
                                                                                     chg. gain
                                                                                     chg  co  crystal, chg gair.
                                                                                     gain chg.
                                                                                     treq. chg. 7.0 khz
                                                                                     chg.  massa
                                                                                     chg.  gain  pul vid.0.14
                                                                                     CALIBRATION CAL  PBOME
                                                                                     gain chg.
                                                                                     freq. chg. 3.5  gain chg.
                                                                                     gain chg.
                                                                                     gain Chg.
                                                                                    Compact Mud Core  Boccoa
                                                                            .1	I.
-------
BB01

FIL£ SOT   FIX    TIKE    LIKE REC. RZC. FIL  TOT.  REC. REC. REC  XMT  XKT  PI   Fl
NO.  PILE        GKT     HO.  SET. CAIN GATH GAIN TYPE DPTH AKG. FREQ PTO  LOW  HI

  0     0                        020  C.9    0   (.9  10   1.5        1    100   0.8    3   0.7   20   IS   Booaar black UgooiT
                                                                                                                IS' aft
                                                                                                                  IS' furth,r,|,
  3     S    150   121300  S02N                                                                           Scare  line 02
  t     S    208   121(07  102                                                                            tod lina
  21    S    347   122247  S03H                                                                           Start  lina 3
  34    3    372   122400                                                                                 Cora location 17,n
  27    S    404   122536  E03                                                                            Knd lina  3
  45    0    5(7   123332  S04   030  11.1   0   ll.l                                                     Str. lina 4, gain chtoj,
  SO    S    (23   123637  E04                                                                            Knd line  4
  72    S    836   124715  SOS                                                                            Str. line 6
  85    1    956   125310  B06                                                                            Knd line  6
  87    2          125425                                                                                 Puc float on rac hyi
                                                                                                       S toped  data «eq.  «M)n;,:
 100    0    1137  130215  S08                                                                            Str. line 8
 113    2    1266  130835  BOB                                                                            End of line I
                        .1	I.
                                                          Al-35
-------
DAILY LOG
BB02
FILE SOT  FIX
NO.  FILE
TIME
Off
  0    0    1312   1319S2

  15   2    1429   130215   S10H
  30   0    1S42   133230   BIO
  44   3    1*58   132814   S12H
  57   5    17(2   133330   B12
LHJE REC. REC. PIL  TOT. REC. EEC. REC  XKT  XHT   Fl    Ft   F2   F2
NO.  SET. CAIN GAIN GAXM TYPE DPTH AKC. FREQ PVR   LOW  HI   LOW  El

      040  14.0  0   14.0 10   1.5        1   100   O.I    3   0.7   20
SEPR COmEHTS
FT
                                                                                                    -I.
                                                                                                            .1
                                                                                 15  Cone. BOOMF Ilk. 1*9001-.
                                                                                     Heeding loucb to line 10
                                                                                     scr. line 10
                                                                                     End lin* 10
                                                                                     scr. lln* 12
                                                                                     End line 12
  73   5    1880   133948   S14K
  87   3    199S   134501   EH
  88   3
                                                                                     Scr. line 14
                                                                                     End line 14
                                                                                     Here in cum out co S.
  104    1    2112   135137   S1SN
  117    4    2220   1356SS   E16
  120    5
                                                                                     Scr. line 16
                                                                                     End line 16
                                                                                     Turn «««c co couch
                                                                                     going Co line 18
                                                                                     file hb03
                                                                                          .1	I.
                                                           Al-36
-------
DAILT LOG
BB03
PILE SUB FIX TIME LINE REC. REC. PIL TOT. REC.
NO. FILE GMT NO. SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE
III 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
11
24
29
39
51
54
70
78
79
91
93
93
94
96
97
98
100
102
105
109
112
127
134
138
139
141
144
147
151
153
0 13S94S 040 14.0 0 14.0 10
0 2358 140345 SUN
1 249* 140154 118
0 030 11.1 0 11.1
S 2584 141508 S20N
2 2671 141941 B20
3 020 £.9 0 6.9
4 2810 142715 S22N
1 2871 143019
4 2884 1430SS B22
3 2979
0
5
3
4
0
3
2
3
2
0 3121
2 030 11.1 0 11.1
2 3349 14S402 B22
0 3399
5
2
0
0
3
1 3513

                                                           REC.  REC  ZKT  XKT  Fl   Fl
                                                           DPTH  AUG.  FREQ PHR  LOH  HI
                                                          I	I	I	I	I	l_
                                                            1.5
                                                                            100   O.t
                                 F2   F2
                                 LOW  El
                                I	I	
                                  0.7   20
 SEPR COMMENTS
 FT
I	I.
                                                                                                        IS   Cone Boomer Ilk. Ugoor.
                                                                                                           Sooner 20' ate
                                                                                                             Scr. line 11 oee. „,„
                                                                                                             End line ll
                                                                                                             Gain dg.
                                                                                                             Scr. Un« 20
                                                                                                             End line 20
                                                                                                             Gain chg. Turn S. out
                                                                                                             Blank at Gain chg.
                                                                                                             Scr. 22
                                                                                                             Core lice 19
                                                                                                             End line  19
                                                                                                             Going Bile Lagoon north
                                                                                                             Scare turn in veit IS'
                                                                                                             9'
                                                                                                             2.5'
                                                                                                             2 . S' and heavy vndi
                                                                                                             4'
                                                                                                             7'  beading touch
                                                                                                             8'  depch echo loundt:
                                                                                                             6.5'
                                                                                                             3'  weeds
                                                                                                             6.5' weeds
                                                                                                             Stop clean off wtdi
                                                                                                             Beading north on 22
                                                                                                            Boomer 10' af; IS' up i)
                                                                                                             heading north bile lij.N,
                                                                                                             18' echo ioundtr
                                                                                                             4'  turn  in
                                                                                                             2.S'
                                                                                                             4'
                                                                                                             8.5'
                                                                                                             2.5' weedi
                                                                                                             11'
                                                                                                             rough  reverie lint 1'
                                                                                                              till end of  record
    .1	I.
.1	I	I.
    Al-37
-------
DAILY LOG
BB04
FILE SUB  FIX    TIME    LIKE RBC. RBC. FIL  TOT. RBC.
MO.  FILE        GMT     HO.  SET. GAIM GAIW GAIN TTTB
	I	I	I	I	I	I	|	I	I	|
  0     0                       030  11.1  0   11.1 10
RZC. RZC  XMT  XMT  Fl   FI
DFTH ANG. FREO PWR  LOW  HI

 l.S        1   100  0.4   1
F2
LOW
  F2
  HI
.1	I.
    20
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
4
7
14
It
29
33
37
52
5«
57
74
84
97
112
119
123
128
129
135
137
3
4
4
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
1
5
1
4
0
3C39

3720

3834
38SS
3904
4021

4061
4199

4335
4452



4594

4655
1S0953 S02N 040 14.0 0

151330 S02
0*0 17.2 0
151923 S03N
152115
152315 E03
152900 100 19.9 0

143100 SOS 080 18. 8 0
153756 EOS

1S4709 S16N
155303 BIS
060 17.2 0
080 18.8 0
070 18.3 0
155954 S22N

160259 E22
14.0


17.2



19.9

18.8




17.2
18.8
16.3



                                                                            0.4
 0.7   20   20  BooMr low frequency
                black l«goon lower
                Scr. Una 02
                vary (hallow 3*
                •nd line 02 turn touch
                gain chang*
                Scr. lin« 03
                Cor* look 55« C17.18
                End line 3
                gain chg.
 0.4   20       R«««c £ilt«n
                •cr. lina 08
                •nd liaa 08
                lo«c nav Bomncarily
                •cr lina 16
                and line 1$
                gain change
                gain change
                gain change
                •cr line 22

                core locacion
                •nd line 22
                                                                .1	I.
                                                          Al-38
-------
DAILT  LOG
RD01
FILE SOT FIX TIME
HO . FILE GMT
1 ' '
0
28
34
35
37
39
43
45
47
48
SI
52
54
S3
57
58
£0
SO
70
73
77
80
83
88
89
94
96
0
2
0
1
5
1
0
5
3
4
2
3
2
5 5045 182400
0
0
1
4
1
0
3
0
4 5326
3
4 5389
3 5440
0 5457 184518
LINE REC.  REC.  FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC. REC   XHT  XMT  Fl   Ft    F2   F2   SEPR COMMENTS
HO.  SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIN  TTPB DPTH AHG.  FREQ PWR  LOU  HI    LOW  HI   FT

      050   15.9  0   15.}
                                                                                                           Radar data Eia. p,rl(
                                                                                                           Thii data •«ptri.tw,1
                                                                                                           oaly. Irate loo iier/uc
                                                                                                           1400 saapld
                                                                                                           ABplicud* ii non hBMr
                                                                                                           x4  lia* 7 H
                                                                                                           Bliz Park Covt wvt out
                                                                                                           Bow  over lofc tpoc
                                                                                                           C  -  4 » 0 linear
                                                                                                           « « » 0 TVG
                                                                                                           middle core
                                                                                                           Core 3 going out
                                                                                                           Antenna 20' aft boic
                                                                                                           Playing w/ £iU«n
                                                                                                           boccom riling rapidly
                                                                                                           wacer depth 2.5 it
                                                                                                           boat backing in cove
                                                                                                           Filter 100 Hi 500 H:
                                                                                                           Inner Core
                                                                                                           middle core

                                                                                                           third core 4.7' echo lot:
                                                                                                            8'  dept
                                                                                                            4'
                                                                                                            2.5'
                                                                                                             Inner Core  (20' ilttoi:
                                                                                                            4.5' depth out con
                                                                                                             3.0' depth
                                                                                                            turn around tad go bick
                                                                                                            • tr  out  of cunil
                                                                                                            4.5'
                                                                                                            12'  water
                                                                                                             lit  iteel pier
                                                                                                             2nd steel pier
                          .1	I.
                          .1	I.
.1	I.
                                                               Al-39
-------
DAILY LOG
RD02
FILE SUB  PIS    TDffi    LIME  REC.  REC.  PIL  TOT. REC. EEC.  REC  XKT  XXT  PI    PI   P2   P2   SEPR COMMENTS
BO.  PILE        GMT     HO.   SET.  SAIN  SAIN SAIN TTFE DSTH  ANC.  FREQ  PWR  LOW   El   LOW  HI   PT
  0    0                        050   15.9   0    IS.9 RD                        100   500             20 Radar Black. Lagoon
                          '                                                                          Only «xp«ri«enc«l
                                                                                                     Gain* not  linear
  7    0                 L22                                                                         Lio* 22 out oZ  range
                                                                                                     of *cal«
  14   1                 B22                                                                         Ind  line  22
  IS   3    5872                                                                                      depth 4.3*
  17   4                                                                                             2.5'
  19   o                                                                                             turning
  20   1    S920                                                                                      2.S veeds
  24   0                                                                                             «.5'
  25   0                                                                                             3- 2.5'
  27   1                                                                                             Filter 35  - 500 Hr
  32   2                                                                                             Changed zaro position
  37   4    S102                                                                                      8'
  ,40   5    S132                                                                                      3.S'
  43   o                                                                                             Filter 100-500  Hz
  51   Q                                                                                             Ant.  to side of boat
                                                                                                     All  data  at IOC MHZ
                                                                                                     till here.
-------
DAILY LOG

RO04

FILE SUB   FIX    TIME    LINE REC. REC. FIL  TOT.  REC.  REC. REC  WT  XKT  Fl   Fl
HO.  FILE        GMT     HO.  SET. GAIN GAIH CAIN  TYPE  OPTS AHC. FREQ PWR  LOW  HI

  0     0

  2     0          194513
  7     0    5229  194745                                                                               Entering Ilk LajooB
  t     2    C224  194850                                                                                Sucioaary
  9     0    C2S3  154844
  11    3                                                                                                On sud bo t toe

  17    5    S342  195309                                                                                Stationary «t Pole toft
  19    2                                                                                                (low  up nud bottoi
  21    0                                                                                                down  and up again
  23    3                                                                                                at bottom agau
  24    3    6408  19SS38                                                                                on (urfac*
                                                                                                       finiihed
                                                  .1	I.
                                                           A1-.41
-------
DAILY LOG
BP22
FILE SUB FIX TIME LIKE REC. REC. FIL TOT. REC.
«0. FILE GMT NO. SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TTP!
III 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
3
S
(
«
7
9
12
13
14
IS
16
19
20
21
22
0 20 124649 080 11. ( 0 11. 1 MS
3 OSO 1S.J 0 15.9 KS
0 110 125135 S22K
J 022 7.9 0 7.»
4 144 12S300
1 125340 B22
0
0 209 125825 S03K
3 240
3 260
3
0 040 14.0 0 14.0 1
0 350 130503 S03N
0 370
2 394 130718 E03
0
                                                                    7.0
                                                                 .1	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
                                                                    3.5   S    0.7   20   1    20  3.S  Finger Ilk Lagoon
                                                                                                         Pulse  length 0.2(»
                                                                                                         gain change
                                                                                                         Str. Lin* 22 Worth
                                                                                                         gain change
                                                                                                         Old core 17
                                                                                                         End line 22

                                                                                                         Nav not logging

                                                                                                         Str. Line 3
                                                                                                         Core Sices 17,16
                                                                                                         End line 3 3.5 Khz
                                                                                     20   1     20        Freq.  chg.  pl-0.14
                                                                                                         chg.  gain
                                                                                                         Str.  Line 03
                                                                                                         core  18
                                                                                                         End of line 03  3.5  khz
                                                                                                         go co cal lices line 16
   25
            476    131120
                                                                                                         1C aecers Cron SOL
   26   0
   26   2
                       missed some pings
                       30 mecer from SOL 16
    .1	I.
                                                                  .1	I.
.1	I.

                                                            A1-.42
-------
DAILY LOG
BCLS
FILE SUB   FIX
NO.  FILE
      TIME     LINE REC.  REC.  FIL  TOT. REC.  REC. REC  XMT  XMT  Fl    Pi   F2   F2
      GMT      NO.  SET.  GAIN GAIN GAIH TTTE  DFTH ANC. FRBQ 7WR  LOW   HI   LOW  HI

C50   132015   Cal   040   14.0  0   14.0  CAL    I    0    7    S    1     20   1    20
                                                                    SEPR COMMENTS
                                                                    FT
                                                                  .1	!	
1
1
2
3
4
S
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
18
18
19
19
21
21
22
23
24
26
26
29
29
30
31
32
0
4
2
1
3
4
2
5
4
3
S
3
4
3
0
4
2
5
1
S
3
0
1
0
0
2
4
2
1
4


£90 122230





817
831


890 133235
929

1013 133815
1024 133849

1054 134034

1080

1116 134320
1161
1201


1249 135000


                                 020
                                 015
                                       4.1
                                     (.9
                                     4.1
                                                      CAL
                                 020   (.9
                                 030   11.1
                                                  C.9
                                 020
                                 01S
                           £.9
                           4 .1
                                 100   19.9
                                 100   19.9  20
                6.9
                4.1


                19.9 Cal
                     MS
                39.9 CR


     ?               CAL
010  0.7    0    0.7


017  5.3    0    5.3


020  6.9    0    6.9


015  4.1    0    4.1
010  0.7    0    0.7  CAL
100  19.9   0    19.9 CAL


                     MS
                                  100  19.9  20   39.9 CR
                                  200  24.4  20   44.4
Cal at  line i(
24.2. «er. trtm IMtt
2.i mtr. oCfiec
gain chg. I n Ollt
gain ehg.
lower 4'. angle jc ^
gala change
24.7 aeter fron SOL
S.8 Meter offset
lower 4' angle 45 dig
gain change
up 4'
gain change
gain change
Cal next to receivtri
C»l next to recediven
change  to Ma*u 7 Ich:
change  to Cryical

ehg. eal 3.5 khz
gain ehg.
down 4'
gain change
down 4' angle «5 d«g
gain ehg.
up 4' angle 30 deg
gain change
gain ehg.
Cal next to reciinri
24.8 m  from SOL 2.3io£
Haeia 24.BBSOL, 2.7tofi
24.9 m  SOL, 3.9 a oflpo
24.7m SOL, 4.1 a oH f
Chg. to Cryittl
gain ehg.
24. 6 SOL 3.0 n o£f pof-
                         .1	I.
                                                        .1	I.
                                                              Al-43
-------
DAILi uan
BLCSA
FILE SOB FIX TIME LINE
HO. FILE GMT NO.
Ill 1
33
34
35
3(
3C
37
38
39
39
40
41
41
42
44
45
46
47
47
48
49
SO
SI
51
S3
54
3 1309 cal
4 1321 135114
2
0 13<3
S
2
1
0 1415
3
1
0
2
1
0 1518
0
0
0
4
3 1601 140745
3
4
2
5
2
0
RJBC. HEC. FIL TOT. HEC.
SET. GAIN CAIN GAXV TTPB
1 1 1 1 1 i
200
oto

ISO

200


100
010

100
800
520



075
050

030
030
400

400
24.
11.

23.

24.


19.
0.

19.
38.
32.



ia .
15.

11.
11.
29.

29
4
8

2

4


9
7

9
8
4



5
9

1
.1
.5

.5
20
0

0

0


0
20

20
0
0



20
20

20
0
0

20
44.
1*.

23.

24.


19.
20.

39.
38.
32.



38.
35.

31.
11.
29.

49.
4 EDO
1

2

4


9
7

9
a
4 EDO



5
9

1
.1
.5

.5
                                                            R£C  XKT  ZMT
                                                            AUG. FUQ PWR

                                                                  3.5   5
Fl
LOW
                                                                                Fl
F2
LOW
F2
•I
SEPR COMMENTS
FT
                                                .1
                                                                                  20   1    20       Cal Cone- EDO 3.5 khz
                                                                                                    ebang* gain
                                                                                                    down 4* angle 30 deg.
                                                                                                    gain chang*
                                                                                                    down 4*  angle 4S deg
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    up 4'
                                                                                                    up 4'
                                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                                    gain chg. *ee lin. filter
                                                                                                    next Co receiver*
                                                                                                    gain chg. next receivers
                                                                                                    gain chg. check fil. lin.
                                                                                                    Chg. Freq. BOO 8'
                                                                                                    down 4'
                                                                                                    down 4' angle 45 deg
                                                                                                    up 4'  angle 30 deg.
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    gain change
                                                                                                    up 4 '
                                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                                    gain chg. ck. filcer
                                                                                                    next to  receivers
                                                                                                    gain chg.
                                                                                                    24.4 m SOL,  5.4  B  Otfprt
         J	I.
                                                          Al-44
-------
DATLT LOG
•USB
     SUB   FIX    TIME
  .  FILE         GMT
     I	I	I	I	
  SS    0    1645   141950  CAL
LINE REC. REC. PIL  TOT. REC.  EEC. RBC  XMT  XMT  PI   PI   F2    F2
HO.  SET. GAIN GAIN GAIN TYPE  DPTB ANG. FREO. P*R  LOW  HI   LOW  HI
                                       SEPR COMMENTS
                                       FT
       OOC -2.4  0
                     -2.4 10
                                          7.0
                                                                                    20
                                                                     20
                                                                              Cal of Interocwai
  57
  57
  5«
  SI
  5»
  59
  CO
  Cl
  C2
  C2
      010  0.7
                      0.7
      005  -S.I  0   -5.1
      020  (.9   0   6.9
      030  11.1  0   11.1
12

15
11
7
down 4-
gain chg
don !•
9«in chg
up 4'
up 4'
varied pulic len +/-o,os
n«xe co receivtri
change gain
change gain
lase gain in ?
  C4
  es
  «s
  66
  66
  a
  S7
  68
  C9
  S9
            2000   1427SO
                                005  -5.1  0   -5.1
      010  0.7   0   0.7
      005  -5.1  0   -S.I
      010  0.7   0   0.7
                                005  -5.1  0   -5.1
B        3.5   S   0.7    20    1    20       chg. Gain, chg. Prtq J.s
12                                           down 4'
                                             gain chg.
                                             gain chg.
1C                                           down 4'
12                                           up 4'
6                                            up 4'
                                             gain change
                                             next Co  receiver!
                                             gain change
  70
                                100  19.9  0
                                               19.9
                                                                                                        Ma**a receiver

                                                           Al-45
-------
DAILY LOG
BCBS
FILE SUB FIX TIME
110. FILE GUT
1 1 1
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
S
5
f
S
8
g
9
9
10
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
IS
15
1 23(2 144152
0
3
5
2
4
1
3
2
0
2
0
2
1
3 2580
0
2
1 2616 150136
0
3
S
0
4
1
0
2
0
2
                          LIME SEC. REC.  FIL  TOT. REC. REC. RZC  XKT  XKT  Fl   Fl   F2   F2
                          NO.  SET. GAIN  GAIN GAIN TYPE DJTH ANG. FRBQ PTO  LOW  HI   LOW  HI
                         I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	!	
                                                           SEPR COMMENTS
                                                           FT
                            1C  020   (.9
                                010   0.7
                                               (.9  10
                                               0.7
                                030   11.1
                                020
                                020
                                100
6.9
 6 .9
19.9
20
0
0
                                                          12
                                                          1C
                                                          12
                                                          «
                                                                        100  0.7   20  O.t
                                                    EDO
                                030  11.1  20   31.1
26.9
6 .9
19 .9
                                020  6.9
                                           20   26.9
                                                                             0.4
                                                                             0.7
                                                                             0.4
                                              20
                                              20
                                            0.4
                                            0.4
                                                                                   20  0.4
                                                                                   20  O.t
                                                                               0.7
                                                                              0.7
                                               20
                                               20
                                                  3
                                                  10
Booaer cal • linelt cal
Boo* • *ch. stern boat
lover 4'
gain chg.
up 4'
up 4-
•lowly down 4'
up 4'
filter change
filter change
down 4'
gain change
filter change
up 4'
end
Change Bdo Phone ?

gain chg.
down 4'
filter  chg.
gain chg.
gain chg.
gain chg.
up 4'
gain chg.
up 4'
on bottom
 pull up
 filter change
 filter change
 end
 Note:  cal phones iniert
 just forward house
                                                                  .1	I.
                                                          Al-46
-------
          TRENTON CHANNEL CONDUCTTVITT MEASUREMENTS

          PURPOSE: PROVIDE DATA FOR EVALUATION OF UBAfc INFORMATION

          APPARATUS:   OniC coniiitid of 2 1.5«3' plat»i vitb • Man
                     •eparation of 9.5*. The lead* conncccad eo «
                     high impedance ohmmeter.
          REFERENCE:  Normal clian watir • 10,000 obju
Area
          Locacion   Ob» -1
                               Ob»-2
                                         Obi-1
                                                   Obi-4
                                                             Obi -5
                                                                       Mean Obi
Dock Surface
Immediate Kid Pome
after Bo c con
•torm Air-Met

Q.E.Prfc Surface
Bottoi
Mid Point
Air-Wet

BDc. L.Dp Air-Dry
Surface
Botton

Bllc.L.npp
over land Air -Dry
Surface
Botton
Center (mud
Surface
Bottom
2564
2487
1992
90000

1080
1077
1150
300000

1700000
2500
2650


3000000
2400
£000

2800
2000
2SS4
2487
1992
90000
0
1080
1077
1150
300000
0
1700000
2SOO 2700 2630 2650 2626
2630 2(25 2515 2604 2625
0
0
3000000
2700 2600 2567
6000 7000 S333
0
2900 3200 2000 2725
1500 2000 7000 3125
Docfc
Next day  Air         1700000
          Surface       10000
          Bottom        10000
11000
 9000
12000
10000
11000
10200
1700000
  11000
   9800
                                             Al-47
-------
       APPENDIX A2

DETAILED NAVIGATION LOGS
       (USEPA-LLRS)
         A2-1
-------
    TRANSCRIPTION OF JULY 1995 TRENTON  CHANNEL FIELD BOOK NOTES

                    BY ROBERT L. GREGORY 29 SEPTEMBER 1995

THE FIELD BOOK PAGE WILL BE LISTED, DATA WILL BE TRANSCRIBED LINE BY LINE AS
ENTERED , FROM TOP DOWN.

PAGE 15      [FIRST PAGE OF NOTE BOOK ADDRESSING TRENTON CHANNEL ]
Trimble UTC Time Standard
File  AS2SJULA
Runline AS(B/N)6
15:01:47 start log 001  [Trimble generated fix number]
      turn off ® 090
Runline ASN6001
91 « 10:21:46
Start « FIX 100
End ASN001 Fix 132 15:25:XX
stop data 15:48:30   Fix 594
ADDED NOTES BY JOHN FILKINS

ESTABLISHED       A JOB TCI as
Trenton Channel Study Clean Site
      [Point Monlee' ]
Transfers AM Position data file AS26JULA
to DATA BASE in TCI

Set computer time to DTC
FIX 600     Time 17:49:30
FILE AS26JULB
Started data collection
[maybe stayed in "A']
N56649.8    £4,097,853.5
*******•**************«*************************************•**<
PAGE 16
[BLANK]
************************************************ + ************•(
PAGE 17
POSSIBLE SITE     N     700.9       OFF SPUR DIKE
                  E     794.9

POSSIBLE SITE           60.1        OFF RANGE LIGHT
                        52.8

POSSIBLE SITE     N     58 .          ALTERNATE
                  E     76

REF. POINT.       N     57,209            MOUTH
                  E     4,098,286   app..# 925

                                    One foot wave on lake

                                      A2-2
-------
                   N     57,223             centerline jetties
                   E     4,098,305   entrance

ref. Point.                   553   marker on north ch.
                         235
                   Appro.  #1150
********************************************•*»*******<
PAGE 18
                  N
                        587
                        280
                                     2nd wood pile
sample      "Grab"       9
HOLD POSITION
0     N     57,583
            4,098,279
      2nd try
            N     '57,505
            E     4,098,285
                              TIME  18:22:50

                              fix
                                     1285
                                     about 18:30
                                     LOSS SAMPLER
ANCHOR SAMPLE            [SAMPLE  SITE]
FOUND PEAT ® About same  site
SECOND SAMPLE
      N     56,734
      E     4,097,722
                                    FIX  1790 ® 18:48
DRAG ANCHOR SAMPLE SITE 2
      NORTH EAST OF PILE
      SOUTH SPUR DIKE
      WEST SIDE OF CHANNEL
      4 INCH "CLAT
******************************************************************

PAGE 19

            CORE SAMPLE
FIX START # 2014        N 56,752
TIME 19:00              E 4,097,724
FIX END   #2747         N 56,747
                        E 4,097,724
DOCK ® 19:52
                        FIX
3078
DATA FROM ART
STA 8
                  PEAT
50% sed silt or clay
0-43cm
                              43-74cm
                              74-107cm
12.9* clay

41.5% silt

53.1 silt\31.0% clay
51.1 silt\19.0% clay
                                     A2-3
-------
Page 20

COMPUTER SET TO UTC                        27 JULY 95

NEW FILE    AS27JULA
      FIX   001
START TIME  13:13
FIX 1       MARK               OUTLET GIBRALTAR BOAT BASIN

FIX 73            MARK  N  66,730           2nd MARK
                        E  4,097,815
       LOSS POWER & RESTORED  about 13::
                                                 r*********»*****»*»»
NEW FILE    AS27JULB
      FIX 1 ® 13:29            [FIX CHANGE TO 1 AUTOMATIC]

FIX 84      INTERESTING  SITE
            N 65,075     E  4,098,088

FIX 114     START INWARD RUN © SITE

FIX 177      [INTERESTING SITE]       N 65,023    E 4,098,300

FIX 200     N 65,023     E  4,098,375
TURN AROUND       HEAD OUT PARALLEL TO LINE
********* TEMPORARY  LOSS  POSITION************
*»*******************************************<
PAGE 21

FIX 257     N 65,029   E 4,098,239

HOLD FOR GRAB SAMPLE
 *FIX 296   N 65,017     E  4,098,238       CENTER FOR POSITION
ACTUAL SAMPLE LOCATION
HOLDING ON SITE

FIX approx. 500 MOVE  OFF SITE       CELERON ISLAND
FIX 582
********************************************************
*****POWER OFF******************
BREAK IN RECORD
NEW FILE    AS27JULC           about 14:06
FIX 1       STARTING  AROUND ISLAND
***********************************************
FIX about 290      N 65,815    E 4,098,955 TAKE GRAB
****************************************************
FIX 320     N 65,663     E  4,098,129 TURNED END OF RUN
      SURVEY START
*************************************************************************
                                    A2-4
-------
PAGE 22

+40 INCHES

FIX 366     N  65,681    E 4,098,284
INBOUND END OF LINE RUN
OUTBOUND RUN
FIX 410     N  65,675    E 4,099,239 END OF RUN
I********************************************
**GRAB SAMPLE      HEAD OF ISLAND          NE CONNER
FIX 444     N  65,663    E 4,099,242  [FOR CORE]
[GO  N E]
****************************************************
GRAB SAMPLE
FIX 651     N  65,812    E 4,099,980
FIX 678     N  65,803    E 4,099,015       FOR CORE
**»************* + ********************************
FIX 1222    N  67,635    E 4,098,848
POSSIBLE SITE
*•»***•********************•*****************»*'*******»***»*****

PAGE 23

RUN INTO CHRYSLER  BAY
FIX 1461    N  68,701    E 4,098,171
LINE
* + **********»********** + ***************************
FIX 1511    N  68,720    E 4,098,020
END
a-***********************-******************-**-**-*-***-*.*
SAMPLE                               TIME 15:23
FIX 1540    N  68,736    E 4,098,020 #
FIX 1704    MOVING OFF SITE
+ ******* + ****+***•*•***•****•*** + ****** + + *** + ****•*• + ******
SHUT DOWN DATA COLLECTION ® FIX 1920 15:42
® FREE BRIDGE
***********»*********************************************************»*i

PAGE 24

THURSDAY PM 1:20
NEW FILE AS27JULD
[START] FIX 1921

TEST RUN THRU  FIX  2025

RUN 4NOO1          OUTSIDE
FIX START   2100
FIX END     2133

RUN 4N003
FIX START   2726
FIX END     2782

RUN 4N005
                                      A2-5
-------
FIX START   2914
FIX END     2988
      INTERESTING  POINT FIX 2947
»«»******»•»**»*»*»**»*****»***•»**•»**•****»*
PAGE 25

REFERENCE

RUN 4N007
FIX START
FIX END
                   [18 : 34 :25\FIX 3072]
            3111
            3197
RUN 4N009
FIX START
FIX END
            3306
            3371
RUN 4N011
FIX START
FIX END
            3470
            3560
                               SAMPLE START ON LINE
                                                              FIX  3540
RUN 4N013
FIX START
FIX END
            3662
            3710
RUN 4N014
FIX START
FIX END
PAGE 26
            3802
            3838
                  *+**OFF LINE*****
FREE RUNLINE
FIX START   3861
FIX END     3910
UP CHANNEL TO FIRST BRIDGE
                                     STRIGHT IN

                               FIX  3890
NEW FILE
FIX START
            AS27JULE
            4017
RUN UP CHANNEL
FIX START   4021   [LATE START]
FIX END     4072
RUN N 014   SECOND PASS
FIX START   4164
FIX END     4203
RUNNING AROUND CONNER
PARALLEL TO SHORE TO FIX  4231
PAGE 27
                                      A2-6
-------
RUN N013
FIX START
FIX END

RUN N009
FIX START
FIX END

RUN N005
FIX START
FIX END

RUN N001
FIX START
FIX END
 [SECOND  PASS]
4315
4364

 [SECOND  PASS]
4480
4577

 [SECOND  PASS]
4670
4748

 [SECOND  PASS]
4842
4936
HOLD ON STATION FOR TEST
FIX   4948   N 71,489    E 4,098,535
DRIFT  UNTIL
************
                               >•********************************
PAGE  28

RUN N4001
FIX START
FIX END

RUN N4005
FIX START
FIX END
5442
5540
5680
5761
       [THIRD TRIAL]
       [THIRD TRIAL]
RUN NO09           [THIRD TRIAL]
FIX START    5855
FIX END      about  5935
BAD LINE  [TERMINATED  INCOMPLETE]
RUN N013
FIX START
FIX END

RUN N4014
FIX START
FIX END
6017
6064
6142
6192
      [THIRD TRIAL]
      [THIRD TRIAL]
                                            **************<
PAGE 29

CHANNEL RUN  [THIRD TRIAL]
                                        A2-7
-------
FIX START   6217
FIX END     6290
positions calculated by  Filkins for navigation to possible sampling points
SPECIAL FIXES     6235   [ROCK MAYBE]
SPECIAL FIXES     6344   [SECOND POINT]
SPECIAL FIXES     6262   [THIRD POINT]
SPECIAL FIXES     6277   [FOURTH POINT]*
       >*********»************<
                                      »******•»*»***»<
FIX   6235  42" 08' 12.21'
            83" 10' 33.40'

FIX   6236  42" 08' 12.23'
            83" 18' 33.47'
                         71,423.28 N
                         4,098,435.77  E

                         71,423.87 N
                         4,098,434.11  E
                                       [(*)  USED FOR DEGREE]
FIX   6244  42" 08' 12.42'
            83" 10' 34.04'
                         71,429.57 N
                         4,098,421.04  E
FIX   6262  42" 08' 12.25"
            83" 10' 35.24"
                         71,423.57 N
                         4,098,393.51  E
****************************************
PAGE 30
FIX
      6277
42'
83'
08'
10'
11.95"
36.37"
71.413.68 N
4,098,367.56 E
                                      >•*** ***** ******** 1
                                                               r*************+
PAGE  31
                                           JULY 28 1995
MUD PUPPY ANTENNA 4.30 METERS  MIDSHIP FROM "CORE1  [BOOM], CENTERLINE VESSEL 12
FEET 4 INCHES FROM WATER  LINE

NEW FILE AS28JULA
FIX START   001

CORE SITE CHANNEL U\S FIRST BRIDGE ELISABETH PARK ISLAND
RUN FILE FIX 1-200
NAME STATION 5 ELI 2 PARK  INNER
42" 08' 11.7474 N 083" 10'  37.3896 W
N 71,407.2        E 4,098,345.6
VESSEL BEARING 101.9"
CORE 7 STATION
FIX 201-236
********************************************************
                                                               *********
PAGE 32

42" 08' 12.2378"
            83"  10'35.3178
                                       A2-8
-------
N 71,422.8        E  4,098,392.8
MAG BEARING 128.8

****»*******•»***»*****»•»****

SITE OFF CHANNEL
FIX 236     284 TO ABOUT 350
 ****ABORTED******

SECOND TRY
FIX 500

CORE DOWN   FIX 618
CORE OP     FIX 628
      ***SAMPLE 8.*****
N 71,376    E 4,098,447
LAT   42* 08'  10.9651"   LONG 83* 10' 32.7639
 [SOOTH SIDE OF CHANNEL]
OFF SITE FIX 761
      ****GRAVEL ONLY************

****************************************************+*++***+*•*+*•*

PAGE 33

SAMPLE CORE TRY
SAMPLE #9         NORTH  SIDE CHANNEL
CORE DOWN   FIX 1016
CORE OP     FIX 1040
N 71,477    E 4,098,481
LAT   42* 08'  13.86      LONG 83* 10' 31.3143"
SAND & GRAVEL about 2 INCHES

SAMPLE CORE TRY
SAMPLE #10
CORE DOWN   FIX 1316
CORE OP     FIX 1346
N 71,489    E  4,098,540
LAT 42* 08'  14.125"      LONG 83* 10' 28.8185"
about NORTH END LINE 1
***POWER DOWN AT 5:00 PM FIX 1806
A******************************************************************,
PAGE 34

CALCOLATION to digitize a  sampling grid

                                       A2-9
-------
GIBRALTAR BAY
BEARING 310*
AREA 300 METERS X 500 METERS

FOUR POINT DRAWING FOLLOWING LENGTHS  AND BEARINGS:

A to B      300 METERS AT BEARING OF  40"
B to C      500 METERS AT BEARING OF  310"
C to D      300 METERS AT BEARING OF  220"
D to A      500 METERS AT BEARING OF  130"

POINT A  [STARTING POINT] IS 42"  04' 58"  N 83"  10'  05" W
USING "ROBBIN DIRECT
POINT B     42" 05' 05.4" N   83".09'  56.6"  W
POINT C     42" 05' 15.8" N   83" 10'  13.3"  W
POINT D     42" 05' 08.4" N   83" 10'  21.7"  W
POINT A     42" 05' 18.8" N   83" 10'  05.04  W

EDITORIAL NOTE:   THIS TRAVERSE  DOES  NOT CLOSE,  MAY BE COMPUTATIONAL ERROR OR
COPYING ERROR.  SINCE WE DID NOT USE,  I  DID  NOT RECHECK.
**************************************************************************

PAGE 35

                                         '  SAT.  29  JULY "95
ELIZ PARK   [THIRD DAY]

NEW FILE AS29JULA             FIX 001

******************************************************************
            SUNDAY 30 JUL 95   collecting- cores for Lick sediment flume

0855  STA # 7     SOUTH OF BLACK LAGOON  9'3"  WATER
42" 09' 03.4920" N      83" 10'  19.5675" W
1 SQ CORE         12" ROUND CORE

1020   STA #3 INNER ELIZ PARK CANAL       4 '  WATER
42" 08' 11.9120" N      83" 10'  36.8720" W
1 SQ CORE         1 2" ROUND CORE

1120 STA #3 MIDDLE ELIZ PARK CANAL               5  Feet water
42" 08' 12.2525""  n     83"10'36.3200" w   [maybe  35" or 33"]
1 square core     1 -2 inch round core

12:15 STATION # 3  OUTER ELIZ PARK CANAL  5  Feet Water
42" 08' 12.4300" N      83" 10'  33.9100  W
REPOSITIONED TO
42" 08' 12.4450"  N     83" 10'  34.0300" W
******************************************************************************
PAGE 36
MONDAY 31 JULY 1995

BOOMER 20' AFT STERN
OFF SET 10' PORT OF CENTERLINE

                                       A2-10
-------
FILE  AS31JULA           FIX 001
BOOMER RUN OF ELIZ PARK
FILE  ON     TIME 13:30:34

RONLINE     ASN4001
FIX START 29      CENTERLINE CHANNEL FIX 77
CENTER LINE ELIZ PARK CHANNEL FIX 77
FIX END 116

REDO  ASN4001
FIX START 400           TIME 13:35:03
CENTER LINE ELIZ PARK CHANNEL 451
FIX END 496

RONLINE ASN4005                VELOCITY [0.7]
FIX START   755
"TERMINATE RUN  FIX 778

************************************************************************

PAGE  37

RUNLINE ASN4005    SECOND TRY
VELOCITY    1.2  KNOTS
FIX START         1284
FIX CENTER LINE  ELIZ PARK CHANNEL
FIX END           1335

RUNLINE ASN4009          FIRST TRY
VELOCITY    1.3\1.4 KNOTS
FIX START 1489
FIX CENTER LINE  ELIZ PARK CHANNEL 1512
FIX END 1540

RUNLINE ASN4013
VELOCITY 1.5  KNOTS
FIX START   1671
FIX CENTERLINE ELIZ PARK CHANNEL 1690
FIX END         1781

RUNLINE ASN4  0014
VELOCITY    1.6  KNOTS
FIX START         1831
FIX CENTER LINE  ELIZ PARK CHANNEL 1855
FIX END 1856

*************************************************************************
PAGE 38

                         BEARING 114
RUN CENTER LINE ELIZ  PARK  CANAL
TO  MOUTH  [FIRST BRIDGE]

                                       A2-11
-------
NORTH  SIDE
FIX START         2029
FIX END [CANAL]    2094
OVER RUN FIX      2119

END FILE 2135

NEW FILE    AS31JULB           FIX 2136

SECOND PASS  CENTER LINE ELIZ PARK CANAL
FIX START         2140
END CANAL
END OVERRUN        2212

THIRD  PASS CENTER  LINE ELIZ PARK CANAL
FIX START         2327
END CANAL         2346  FIRST CORE
END OVER RUN      2361  SECOND
                         END RUN
                         DATA DOWN
******»******** + *** + *•**»»*»*****'*********************************

PAGE 39

GAGE READING  +3.4     11:30 AM

FOURTH PASS  CENTER LINE ELIZ PARK CANAL
FIX START               2482
FIRST  CORE SITE          2500
SECOND CORE  SITE         2519
THIRD  CORE SITE          2541         [END CHANNEL]
END OVER RUN            2572
**********************•*•****»*** + *
BOOMER TEST              2621         OMIT
RUN DOWN ELIZ PARK CANAL
FIX START                2746
FIRST CORE SITE          2766  [2756 FIX CORE]
SECOND CORE SITE         2766
THIRD CORE SITE          2806
END OVER RUN             2869

FIX @ BUOY         [SOL 1]  [START OF LINE]
[FIX  2904
TEN FEET SOUTH BUOY
FILE OFF 
-------
N 71,365    E 4,098,449
MAG BEARING 18.2  «FIX 3224

MAG BEARING 22    »FIX 3247

SAMPLE 17 FEET FORWARD OF  ANTENNA
8 FEET DEPTH
BEARING     43 degrees   FIX    3400
                         FIX    3442
**********************************************
FIX   3472  BOTTOM       TEN  FEET    25 DEGREE ANGLE
**********************************************************
FIX   3480
CLOSE FILE  ® FIX 4385

NEW FILE AS31JULD        START FIX   4386
START ON STATION 9 FIX 4386
**********************************************************************

NEW PAGE    41

STATION 10
START FIX         4992         ® 20:00:46
END STATION       5794
************************************************
INTER OCEAN & BOOMER

RUN INTO CANAL   about 20:47:00

FIX NEAR FIRST BRIDGE
START FIX   6000
STATION #2        FIX    6038
STATION #3        FIX    6059
END OF OVER RUN   FIX    6090

SECOND RUN
START FIX         6185
STATION •# 1       6197
STATION #2        6212
STATION #3        6234
END OF OVERRUN    6278
CIRCILE
END FIX           6348

********************************************************
PAGE 42

*****NOTE BROKE CONVENTION AND NAMED THIS SERIES AS"C"3"S"

                                                 1 AUG 1995
FILE  AS01AUGA           FIX   001
RUNLINE     ASN3A

                                  A2-13
-------
 SELECTION
             ASC3A02
             ASC3A022
                  OUTER RUNLINE
                  INTER RUNLINE
 START DATA COLLECTION AT 12:23:15
 RUNLINE
 START  FIX
 END FIX
02
30
63
[about  2.0  KNOTS]
RUNLINE      04
START  FIX   161   [about 2.0 knots]
END FIX      196

RUNLINE      06
START  FIX   325   [about 1.3 KNOTS]
END FIX      377
*»********«****i
                                      >*******.*****»*********
PAGE 43

RUNLINE  08
START FIX    494
END FIX      568

RUNLINE  10
START FIX    706
END FIX      793

RUNLINE  12
START FIX    921
END FIX      1015

RUNLINE  14
START FIX    1163
END FIX      1250

RUNLINE  16
START FIX    1376
END FIX      1468
****************************-*****************************»****+*
PAGE 44

RUNLINE 18
START FIX    1629
END FIX      1716
RUNLINE 20
START FIX
             1851
                                      A2-14
-------
END FIX      1925

RUNLINE  22
START FIX    2066
END FIX      2132

END FILE    FIX   2158

****************************************
NEW FILE          AS31AUGB     START FIX 2159
*************NOTE  FILE  SHOULD  READ AS'Ol'ADGB,  NOT "31"  ************
*******************************»***********************************<

PAGE 45

SUGGEST CORE ON RUNLINE  14

RUNLINE 2   SECOND  PASS
START FIX   2239
END FIX     2296

RUNLINE 06  SECOND  PASS
START FIX   2429
END FIX     2489

RUNLINE 10  SECOND  PASS
START FIX   2647
END FIX     2742

RUNLINE 14  SECOND  PASS
START FIX   2906
END FIX     3007

RUNLINE  18 second  pass
START FIX   3146
END FIX     3230
PAGE 46

RUNLINE 22  SECOND PASS
START FIX   3349
END FIX     3415

END FILE          FIX    3463

NEW FILE    AS01AUGC

                                      A2-15
-------
START DATA LOGGING 0  17:08:40

RDNLINE 02  THIRD PASS
START FIX   3509
END FIX     3550

RUNLINE 06  THIRD PASS
START FIX   3710
END FIX     3761

RUNLINE 10  THIRD PASS
START FIX   3929         TIME  17:31:42
END FIX     4021
                           r****»*************************»********
PAGE 47

RDNLINE 14  THIRD PASS
START FIX   4189
END FIX     4290

RUNLINE 18  THIRD PASS
START FIX   4416
END FIX     4511

ABOUT FIX 4560 **********SYSTEM   DOWN*

•a-**************-*****************************************************

PAGE 48

                                           2 AUGUST  1995
FILE  AS02AUGA           START FIX   001

12:39:47 STARTED DATA COLLECTION
PICKING CORE SITE ON  RUNLINE ASC3S-16

START FIX   180          TIME  12:48:44
#25 METERS  FIX   207
#20
#55               24
#60
#70         FIX   253
#76         FIX   266         [TARGET CORE SITE]
#90
#100
END FIX     302                TIME  12:54:46

**EDITORIAL NOTE MY SUPPLEMENTARY RECALL IS "# 55 IS STATION NUMBER OR
DISTANCE IN METERS  FROM THE START OF RUNLINE ASC3S-16.   THE STATED PURPOSE OF
THIS PASS WAS TO LOOK AT BOTTOM CONDITIONS.

I WOULD SUGGEST WE  APPEND THESE NOTES WITH A PRINTOUT OF THE RUNLINE DIRECTORY
AND SELECTED RUNLINE  FILES.

                                       A2-16
-------
PAGE 49

CORE #11        About EKD OF LINE [EOL]

START CORE FIX  485       N 73,002    E 4,098,765
                         42" 09'  03.236 N  83" 10' 18.138 W
DROP SAMPLER  FIX  618
PULL SAMPLER  FIX  659
NO SOIL        [TOO  HARD]

GRAB SAMPLE FIX 774
PULL STONE
OFF STATION FIX 824

SECOND CORE SITE  #12 FIX 871
GRAB about FIX  900                   N 72,993.6  E 4,098,758.4
OUT a FIX 939
CLAY\SILT\GRAVEL  FILLED       42" 09'  02.96 N   83" 10' 18.429"
FROM BLACK LAGOON

DROPPED CORE      FIX   1006        N 72,993.7  E 4,098,757.9
PULL CORE         FIX   1052        42" 09' 02.98 N   83" 10' 18.45

SYSTEM TEMPORARILY  OFF 9 FIX 1579

*******************************************************************
PAGE 50

                         CORE SAMPLE # 13

ON STATION FIX 1794            N 72,971.2        E 4,098,747.8
                               42" 09' 02.242 N        83" 10'  18.890 W
GRAB SAMPLE ® FIX  1844

NEW FILE AS02AUGB        START FIX 2077

NEW CORE SITE # 14

                                      A2-17
-------
ON SITE FIX  2087         [NOTES SAY  FIX 2187 BUT INCONSISTENT]
GRAB SAMPLE  FIX 2136
DROP CORE FIX  2210            N 72,963.5         E 4,098,740.5
PULL CORE FIX  2231            42" 09'  02.00"N         83* 10' 19.22" E
BAD CORE
SMALL AMOUNT OF SAND  AND GRAVEL IN  CATCHER
ONLY WATER ON  TOP OF  STIFF MUD

*****»********»*********»*»***»*********»***»***»***»»*»•*.**»**•»

PAGE 51

CORE SITE #  15

ON SITE  FIX 2750       N 72,928.5  E  4,098,735.6
GRAB     FIX 2782
         FIX 2799       42^  09' 00.86"  N   83" 10'  19.41" W
MUD
DROPPED CORE FIX 2908
PULLED CORE    FIX 2913

ABOUT 10 CENTIMETERS  OF MATERIAL IN TUBE
OFF STATION  9  FIX 3332
*************************************•*************** + *****.»»*

CORE SITE #  16

ON-SITE 9 FIX  3384
GRAB SAMPLE  FIX 3454          N 72,918.5   E 4,098,738.2
             FIX 3468          42" 09'  00.54"N   83" 10' 19.34" W

CORE FIX 3585                 N 72,917.9   E 4,098,738.9
STOPPED DATA LOGGING  9 FIX 3887
*************************************************************************
PAGE 52

RUNLINE 003 WITH PINGER  & BOOMER

PM 2 AUG 1995

FILE AS02AUGC         START FIX 3888
START TIME   18:00:13
ON RUNLINE 03  /55 METERS FROM START  OF  LINE  [OLD CORE SITE # 1]
[[EDITORIAL NOTE: THIS RUNLINE FAMILY WAS DEVELOPED OFF OF OLD SITE #1 LAT. 6
LONG]]
            CORE SITE #  17

                                      A2-18
-------
FIX   4060         N 72,943.2  E 4,098,816.7
TRIPLE ANCHOR      42*  09'  01.30"    N     83" 10' 15.93"
DROPPED CORE       FIX    4207
PULLED CORE FIX    4221
****************************************************

CORE SITE # 18

DROPPED CORE       FIX    4738        N 72,942.4  E 4,098,815.5
PULLED CORE        FIX    4796

OFF STATION        FIX    5334
**•***********************»*********»•**********************#<
PAGE 53

RUNLINE 22 FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CORE SITE

START OF LINE      FIX    5547
[OLD CORE          FIX    5600]
ON STATION         FIX    5682

CORE  SITE #19          N  72,988.4  E 4,098,726.4
                   42~  09'  02.81N    83" 10'  19.80 W
DROPPED CORE       FIX    5797
PULLED             FIX    5830

WEIGHT      17# 9  oz
TARE        1#   2 oz    LITTLE SETTLEMENT ON WOOD
TOTAL LENGTH       57 1/4      INCHES
SEDIMENT LENGTH    27 1/4 INCHES
0-4 1/4 INCHES DISCONTINUOUS
LOTS OF OIL IN SEDIMENT

END. CALIBRATION ®  FIX  6214
STOPPED DATA COLLECTION  AT FIX 6225
*******************************************************************
PAGE 54

4 SECONDS BEHIND UTC

NEW FILE AS03AUGA       START  FIX 001

RUNLINE ASC3S-02
DEPLOY BOOMER           START  DATA ® 12:05:29
START FIX   147         TIME   12:12:57
END FIX     202         TIME   12:15:48

RUN LINE 03
START FIX   340         TIME   12:22:10

                                       A2-19
-------
55 M   FIX    373
END FIX      404          TIME  12:26:27

RUNLINE  04
START  FIX    567          TIME  12:33:53
END FIX      623          TIME  12:36:57

RUNLINE  06
START  FIX    837          TIME  12:47:19
END FIX      955          TIME  12:53:10

*************************************************************************

PAGE 55           HIGHPACK

RUNLINE      08
START  FIX    1135         TIME  13:02:15
END FIX      1262         TIME  13:08:35

RUNLINE  10
START  FIX    1430         TIME  13:16:50
END FIX      1542         TIME  13:22:30

RUNLINE  12
START  FIX    1657         TIME  13:28:14
END FIX      1762         TIME  13:33:30

RUNLINE  14
START  FIX    1889         TIME  13:39:40
END FIX      1994         TIME  13:45:01

NEW FILE AS03AUGB        START  FIX  2014

RUNLINE  16
START  FIX    2112         TIME  13:51:37
END FIX      2216         TIME  13:56:56
****************************************************************
PAGE 56

RUNLINE 18
START FIX   2353        TIME   14:03:45
END FIX     2458        TIME   14:09:XX

RUNLINE 20
START FIX   2581        TIME   14:15:08
END FIX     2672        TIME   14:19:42

RUNLINE 22
START FIX   2814
END FIX     2881
                                       A2-20
-------
************»*****»**•**********<
CIRCLE INTO BLACK LAGOON
DEPTH 15  ft.
                  FIX    2981
                                     TURNING WEST
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
******
10'ft.
8 ft.
5 ft.
4 ft.

3.5ft.
*******
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
2989

2991
2993
2995
2996
PAGE  57
DEPTH 2
DEPTH 2
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 6
DEPTH 7
DEPTH 8
DEPTH 9
DEPTH 8
DEPTH 8
DEPTH 7
DEPTH 7
DEPTH 6
DEPTH 6
DEPTH 5
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 3
DEPTH 2
.5
.5





.5

.5

.5

.5


.5

.5
.5
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
*****
2999
3003
3014
3019
3021
3023
3025
3030
3034 SOUTH
3039
3043
3048
3051
3054
3056
3058
3060
3061
3062
3064
*************
                                **************************************
PAGE 58
DEPTH 5
DEPTH 10
DEPTH
DEPTH 6.5
FEET  FIX
FEET  FIX
      FIX
FEET  FIX
3067
3070
3072
3086
OUT RETURN TO RUNLINE 22
[COMPLETED RUN THRU LAGOON]
SECOND PASS RUNLINE 22
START FIX   3289
END FIX     3346
            TIME  14:51:11
            TIME 14:54:02
TURNED INTO BLACK LAGOON
                                        A2-21
-------
DEPTH 18
DEPTH 4
DEPTH 3.5
DEPTH 2.5
      FEET
      FEET
      FEET
      FEET
      HEEDS
SHALLOW\WEEDS
DEPTH 4     FEET
      xxxx
BLACK LAGOON
DEPTH 9     FEET
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX
      FIX

      FIX
3399
3436
3440
3442
3445
3453
3459
3461

3473
***********•*•*** + *•**************** +
PAGE 59
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH
DEPTH

DEPTH
8.5
8.0
7.0
6.5
4.5
3.0
2.5
WEEDS
11
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET
FEET

FEET
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
FIX
3480
3482
3481
3482
3487
3488
3491
3493
3513
                                     NO DATA LOGGED
                                     NO DATA LOGGED
                                     NO DATA LOGGED
END LINE
                  FIX
                  3546
**»»**»*****»*******»***»*****»*********************»**i
PAGE 60
RDNLINE 02  SECOND PASS
START FIX   3637
LOSS DIRECT XXXX 61
END
FIX
3710
TIME  15:09:53
      [NOT SURE OF NOTES BELIEVE  THEY INDICATED]
      [A TEMPORARY LOSS OF  POSITION ]
TIME  15:13:49
RDNLINE 03
START FIX   3834        TIME   15:19:23
END FIX     3904        TIME   15:23:13
[CORE] MID-POINT 55 METERS     FIX   3865

RUNLINE     08
START FIX   4060        TIME   15:31:00
END FIX     4199        TIME   15:37:56

END FILE   FIX 4210

*********************************
NEW FILE AS03AUGD        START FIX   4211

*******SYSTEM WHEN DOWN**********

************************************************************
                                        A2-22
-------
PAGE 61

RONLINE 16
START FIX   4335        TIME   15:47:04
END FIX     4452        TIME   15:53:52

RUNLINE 22
START FIX   4594        TIME   15:59:54
END FIX     4655        TIME   16:02:59

**************************************************************************

PAGE 62

NEW FILE    AS03AUGE           approx.  FIX 4700

STARTED ® TIME    18:09:00

TESTING RADAR
START FIX   4814        TIME   18:13:13
GOING OUT ELIZ PARK CANAL
FIX   4823  #3 INNER CORE
FIX   4851  #3 MIDDLE
FIX   4869  #3 OUTER

INBOUND     FIX   4939  CHANNEL ENTRANCE
OUTBOUND    FIX   4988  ABOUT TWENTY FEET DOWN STREAM BRIDGE
            FIX   5007  #3  INNER
            FIX   5016  ************LARGE SIGNAL***********
            FIX   5024  #3  MIDDLE
            FIX   5051  #3  OUTER
            FIX   5066  *********13 FEET DEPTH**********

RETURNED FOR ANOTHER PASS UP  CHANNEL
            FIX   5086  *****4 FEET DEPTH        ********

****•*****•****•*•*************** + ********* + ****************
PAGE 63
            FIX   5135
            FIX   5162  OUT  BOUND   TIME  18:30:39
            FIX   5289  #3 INNER
            FIX   5209  #3 MIDDLE
            FIX   5217               FOUR & ONE HALF FEET
            FIX   5223  #3 OUTER
RETURNED FOR ANOTHER PASS
            FIX   5265   THREE FEET INBOUND
            FIX   5290   TURNING
            FIX   5326   OUT BOUND
            FIX   5378   FOUR & ONE HALF FEET
            FIX   5389
                                     A2-23
-------
UP BOUND TOWARD BLACK LAGOON
RUNLINE AS3CS22
START FIX   5798        TIME   19:01:54
      FIX   5860        TIME   19:02:04
      FIX   5872  WATER DEPTH
      FIX   5897  PASS FROM BLACK LAGOON

**********»*****************<

PAGE 64

TURN INTO BLACK LAGOON         FIX   5910
CHANGE OF DEPTH                FIX   5920

RETURN PASS BLACK LAGOON       FIX   5990
TURN INTO BLACK LAGOON         FIX   6273

ON POLE IN BLACK LAGOON        FIX   6342
OFF                            FIX   6408

N 73,221.4        E 4,098,745.8      about 8.5 feet deep

******************** + ***********•***********************•******** + **
PAGE 65

GIBRALTAR GAGE    +35 INCHES

                                     FRIDAY 4 AUG 1995

NEW FILE    AS04AUGA          START FIX 001

RUNLINE     AS3CS 0022
START 200 FEET DOWN STREAM START  OF LINE ® time 12:46:XX

START FIX         110         TIME   12:55:25
ON STATION  FIX   144
END FIX           151         TIME   12:53:34

SHUT OWN TEMPORARILY          about FIX .  200

RUNLINE 03

                                      A2-24
-------
START  FIX          209          TIME  12:58:23
MID POINT  FIX      240
END FIX            260

RUNLINE  03  SECOND PASS
START  FIX          350          TIME  13:05:03
55 METER FIX       370
END FIX            394          TIME  13:07:16

**********************************************

PAGE 65

ANCHOR ON  RUNLINE  016 ® 30 METERS PASS START OF LINE
CORE SITE
START  FIX          568          TIME  13:16:12
END FIX            2150

NEW FILE AS04AUGB       START  FIX 2151
START  TIME  14:38:40
STOPPED     TIME   15:08:20     ®FIX  2746

BLACK  LAGOON       [NOT OUT BOUND]
START  FIX          2750 TIME    15:16:56    FOR CONDUCTIVITY
END    FIX  2770     [MOVED OFF SITE]
****************************************************

SECOND SITE [POST]
START  FIX          2801         TIME  15:19:21
DEEP FIX          2811
END FIX            2825         TIME  15:20:51

STOP LOG   FIX    2841         TIME  15:21:30
****************************+******+*****+*****+********+***********

PAGE 67     [LAST  PAGE OF FIELD  BOOK]

                                                 4 AUG 1995
QUALITY  CONTROL CHECK ® ELIZ PARK
CORPS  OF ENGINEERS MONUMENT

START  TIME 15:52:56

READING     42~ 07' 55.5556 N        83~ 10'  32.9684 W
            N 70,909.2         E  4,098,453.6      [.8]

START  FIX   001
END FIX     148
1.231 METERS FROM MONUMENT TO  BASE OF ANTENNA

*************************************************************************

                                      A2-25
-------
             APPENDIX A3

  COMPLETE CORRECTED NAVIGATION
              LOGS
AVAILABLE FOR REVIEW AT U.S.EPS/CBSSS,
          GROSSE ILE, ML
                 A3-1
-------
           APPENDIX A4

FIELD CORE LOGS, VELOCITY LOGS, AND
   RESISTIVITY MEASURMENTS
               A4-1
-------
                                                                              APP
                                                                                    mr
                         /--
10
11
           Q £ ,?,
                                                  m
HIT
12
13
ff/g/?  Coi/t£
    7
                                                 7
15
16
17
     ¥
18
19
20
              tP Our
                                                               U4
24
26
27
                                                               Ml
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3&
39
40
    IL
                                                               HI
             ~? r-
                                              A4-2
-------

( 	 .0 /£•/£_ (-&


^ INIT | DATE
PflEP.j | / / !

-------
if
                                ta
            A4-4
-------
                      G
                                         0 t
                                                                    7
(J_& u u n /=. _
     3 5" ,« ^ V
                           S  *
                                             , 7"
4-
                                   A4-5
-------
                   I •  6  '' J'
A4-6
-------
                              A
A4-7
-------
               /Z$ 5
                                                     . / 0-0

i
                              A4-8
-------
35,
                      A4-9
-------
£ ' 5
                                       5,006 /
                                —  0*,
                        A4-10
-------
   -    3, fro
s  =-
      A4-11
-------
          35,
                      =- Z .9^ £-7
                             2


                             /,
                                  /?> 5
                                  /> O-'^Z

                               A4-12
                                           /.  V3
                                                                4-
•-
-------
                                      us*
                                    f ? / yj;      7,
                                               '/ ' 5 3
                                              .5 •
t"      .35,25^0

                             A4-13
-------
    _
'Co?- lM*
                            4 for
35.
                     A4-14
-------
          FIEU) CORE OBSERVATIONS  AND V*U>CITT MEASUREMENTS
FILE KAMI: OU.OC5
CORE MO:          5
STATUS  (CDT/MOT CUT) not cut
SITE:
POSITION:
CORE LENGTH - WATEJUSEDIMENT:  130 CM
CORK LSNQTE   SEDIMENT:        93.5 on

WSIGHT TOTAL CORE:   Macurcd after cueting
TARS WIGHT:
OFTSET WIGHT:
COHPDTKD BENS ITT:
VKtOCITT/DIKLECTRIC

Di«t Prom  Rec. tot. Imic Po«. Rec.  Rec.   Delay    Dialect    Comment*
Boctom-ca  cm        cm        Gain  Aapl.  Microiec mic. farad
 water
 103 .S
           103.5
103.5
101.5
                               0630
100
110
                     102.0

                     102.5
                     104.0
                     105.0

                     106.0
                     107.0
                             SO
                            100
                             80
                            140
                             90
                            160
                            145
                            144
               When  have  two  readings
               Pint closest,  etc.
Sediment
 (9.0
           87.5
                     90.0
                     91.0
                     90.0
                               1500
                                     2.S
                             36
                             96
                            ISO
                             36
                             SO
                            100
                            176
                             36
                             60
                            100
                            179
                             36
                            108
                            160
                             36
                             96
                                                          A4-15
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE HAKE: CRLOCSA
CORE MO:   5 -CONT.
STATUS  (O3T/KOT CUT) :
SITE:
POSITION: M:
COM LBHCTR  - WATER*SEDIMENT:
CORE LENGTH  - SEDIMENT:

WIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
EMPTY CORE:  11.76 gm/cm*3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	
VELOCITY / DIELBCTRIC

Di«t  From   Rec.  Pos. Xmic Poi. Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dielecc    Comment;!
Boccom-cm   cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microsec mic.farad
Sediment
CS.5 65.5 SS.
66 .
64 .
S3.

£3.

£2.

£8.

£8.

£7.
66
66

65

£5
Sedimeat
33.0 33.0 12

34
35

S 1500 S
0
0 4
S

0

S

5 1

3 3

.3
.7
.0 1700 4
5
.5 4
S
.0 5
.0 1500 5
1
.0 1
.3 1

136
170
176
ISO
180
170
210
140
180
170
210
170
ISO
ISO
140
135
240
ISO
20S
140
100
195
160
200
                                                       	I.
                                                        A4-16
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AHD VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE NAME: CKLOGSB
CORE NO:   S CONT1
STATUS  (OIT/HOT CUT) . CUT
sirs:
POSITION: »:_
     LENGTH - KATEJUSEDIKENT:  JZ.S
COU LCMSTB - SEDIMENT:        ALL

WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:    12.75 LB
TARE HEIGHT:         1.2S LB
OFFSET HEICBT:       0.125 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:    0.01176 GH/QT3
COMPUTED DENSITY:    1.249 GM/OT3
VBLOCITT/DIELSCTRIC

Diic Prom  Rec.  to*. Xmic Pot. Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dielecc     Commenti
Boccom-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Ainpl. Microcec ale. farad
	I	1	I	I	I	I	I	
 Hacer
 99.S      99.5       97.0      1500     S       100
                     98.0                        92
                     99.5                        89
                     101.0                       94
                     102.0                      100
                                                          	I	
                                                           A4-17
-------
           FIELD COM  OBSERVATION  AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILB NAME:  CRLOGSC
CORE MO:    5  COW    DIELECTRIC OBSERVATIONS
STATUS  (CUT/NOT COT) :  CUT
SITE:
POSTTTON:  N:
CORE LEBGTH  -  «ATBR«SEDIMBMT:  92.S
CORK LBSGTH  -  SEDIMENT:        ALL
•BIGHT TOTAL  CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TOBE WEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENSITY:_
 12.75 LB
1.25 LB
0.125 LB
0.01176 GH/CM~3
VELOCmr/DIELECTRIC
Disc From  Rec. Pos. Xtr.ic Pos. Rec.  Rec.  Delay     Dielecc     Comments
Bottom-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microsec   pfd.
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
 Empty leads meter offset                             53.7
           £8.5
                                                           111
           43.0
                                                           110
           15.0
                                                           114
Empty core cube for normalization
           68.5
                                                           103
           43.0
                                                           102
           15.0
                                                           107
                                                        A4-18
-------
          HELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE KAMI: CRLOCt
COR2 NO:   (
STATUS  (CUT/NOT CUT) :  CUT
SITE:      Eliz. Park Cove - Same loc.  a« Core IS
POSITION: »:
CORK LENGTH - «ATBt»SEDIMKHT:
COM LENGTH - SIDIMZNT:        101.5

HEIGHT TOTAL COSE:   13.312   Lb«
TAKE WSISET:         1.2S LB
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0.125 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:     0.01176 GM/Ot"3
COMPUTED DBMSITT:	 1.18 gm/cn*3
VKLOCm/DIELECTRJC

Disc Prom  Rec.  Pot.  Xaic Pos.  Rec.   Rec.   Delay    Dielecc    COB
Boccoa-ca  en        cm        Gain   Ampl.  Microaec aic.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	|	
Sediment
           71.5       71.S      1SOO      S        1«4
                     73.0                4        136
                     73.0                        140
                     74.0                2        152
                     70.7                3        142
                     70.0                        168
                     69.S                        164
                                                 250
                     68.4                        180

           89.0       87.8      1400      5        160
                     89.0                        164
                                                        	I.
                                                         A4-19
-------
          FIELD CORK OBSDWATIOHS AKJ VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE HAMS: CRLOGCB
COR2 HO:   t COOT'            DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS
STATUS  (CUT/NOT CUT) :  CUT
SITE:
POSITION:
CORE LENGTH - WATEJUSEDUCnrr;
COU LEBGTR - SEDIMENT:

«I5HT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:         1.25 LB
OFTSBT WKIOHT:       0.1JS LB
CORE TOBE WEIGHT:    0.0117* CM/CM*3
COMPDTKO DEKSITT:	
VBLOCm/DIBLKCTEIC

Di*c Proa  Rec. Pot. Zmit Pos. Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dialect    Comments
Bottom-cm  cm        en        Gain  Anpl. Microsec   p£d
	1	I	I	I	I	I	I	
Empty leads meter offset                              52.3

           85.0                                           112
                                                                    "i
           54.0                                           110

           20.0                                           112


Empty core for normalization

           85.0                                           103

           S4-0                                           102

           20.0                                           103
                             .1	I	I	I	!_
                                                        A4-20
-------
          FIELD COM OBSERVATIONS  AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME: CRLOC7
CORE HO:   1
STATUS  (OJT/HOT COT) : HOT OTT
SITE:     QUEEN ELIZ PART COVE  ACOUSTIC MEDIUM HARD
POSITION: N:
CORE LENGTH - WATSJUSEDIMEMT:   13C  CM
CORK LENGTH - SEDIMENT:         1C CM DTCLUDBS  CORI CATCHER
NIIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TUBE HEIGHT:
COMPUTED OEUSITT:_
18.125 LBS
1.2S LB   * PISTON/CORE CATCHER 2 LBS
0.125 LB
0.01176 GM/CM*3 TOTAL 1«2 CM OF CORE TUBE
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC
DifC Prom  Ree. Pol. Xmit  tot.  Rec.   Rec.   Delay    Dielec;    Conaencs
Bocco"-cm  cm        cm         Gain   Ampl.  Microsec mlc.farad
                                         .1
Hacer
93.

94.
92.
91.
89.
86.
97.
Top Sed 82.

79.

79.


78.
64.
64.

67.

63.


8 93.0 0900 5

7 92.0
5
0
a
7
8
0 81.0 1700 4

9 4

4 2


3 2
0 65. 0 2
•7

8

1


88
96
92
86
92
100
120
108
72
112
110
210
70
112
144
140
68
128
60
144
72 in eerie* Cine low
250 «econd bigger
138
180
                                                        A4-21
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITT MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME: CRLOG7B
COKE NO:   7 CONT'    VELOCITy AND DIELECTRIC
STATUS  (CUT/NOT COT)  CDT
SITS:     ELIZ. PARK CANAL
POSITION: N:
CORK LENGTH - WATER.S2DIKENT:
CORK LENGTH - SEDQfEHT:
                               7C.3 CM
WEIGHT TOTAL COKE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENS ITT:
          10.75 cue 7C.3 cm length
1.25 LB
0.125 LB
0.01176 GH/OC3
1.39 g«/cm-3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC
Disc From  Rec. to*. Xmit Poa.  Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dialect    Comment•
Bottom-cm  cm        en        Gain  Ampl. Micro»«c   pfd
	I	I	1	I	I	I	I	
Sediment
            3S.7
                     40.0
                               1700
            39.0
                                                  60
                                                  80
                                                 112
            28. 0
                     23.0
                                     
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AMD VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE HAMS:  OU.OG8
CORK NO:     (
STATUS (CUT/NOT CUT) :  COT
SITE:     QUEEN ELIZ.  PARK OUTSIDE  LOWER
POSmOH:  H:.
CORE LENGTH - HATERrSEDIMENT:
CORE LBNGTTH - SEDIMENT:

WIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:         1.2S LB
OFFSET HEIGHT:       0.125 LB
CORE TUBE HEIGHT:     0.01176
COMPUTED DSNSITT:	 2.40 GM/OfJ ESTIMATED
VELOCnT/DIELSCTRIC
     From  Rec .  Po« .  Xmic Po« . RBC .   Rec .   Delay    Dielect    Commanti
Boccoo-cm  cm        cm        Gain   Arnpl .  Microsec aic. farad
_ I _ I _ I _ I _ I _ I _ I _

HO CORE RETENTION ROCKS AND SAND  ABSOLUTELY NO PENETRATION
                                                        A4-23
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE KAME:  CXLOG9
COKE NO:    »
STATUS (CDT/NOT CDT) :  CDT
SITE:     QUEEN BLI2.  PARK OUTSIDE LOHER
POSITION: >:
COU LENGTH - HATER+SEDIKENT:
COM LENGTH - SEDIMENT:

WBICBT TOTAL COM:
TAM VBIGHT:         1.2S LB
OFFSET HEIGHT:       0.125 LB
COM TUBE WEIGHT:     0.01176 CM/CM*3
COMPUTED DEKSmf:	 2.40 (W/OTS ESTIMATED
VSLOCITT/DIBLECTRIC

Dilt From  Rec.  Po«. Zmit Pos. Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dialect    Comment*
Boccoa-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Anpl. Hicrocec ode.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	

NO CORE RETENTION ROCKS AND SAND  ABSOLUTELY NO PENETRATION
                                                         A4-24
-------
          FIELD COM OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME:  CRLOG10
CORE 2(0:   10
STATUS (CUT/NOT CUT) NOT COT
SITE:     O.OEEN ELIZ. PARK NORTH END LINE  1
POSITION: N:.
CORK LENGTH - MATER»SEDIMENT:  128 ca Saturated cloth in botcoa
COU LEHCTH - SEDIMENT:        37 em sediment  » 4  CO fluff
WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENSITY:
1C.25 lb»   (include* cor* catcher and  142  core  tube)
1.2S LB         Core Catcher  -  100 gm«.
0.125 LB
0.01176 GM/CM~3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC
Dilt Pro*  Rec. Pol.  Xmit Pot. Rec.  Rec.   Delay    Dielect    C
Bottov-cn  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl.  Microeec mic.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I
Water      SO.O      50.0
           52.2
           48.1
                             93
                            101
                            104
                            190
 Fluff
           36.5
           37.2
                     36.5
                             92
                             82
Sediment   30.1      29.4       1300      4
           26.2
           31.0
                             52
                             94
                             56
                             94
                            120
                            ISO
                             52
                             94
           15.0      13.0
           12.5
                                1300      2
                             52
                             70
                            lie
                             52
                            100
           27.5
           25.0
                     25.0
                             4B
                             96
                            ISO
                             42
                             98
Mote: Appears Co be at least a  14 microsec *ystem delay
-	I	I	I	I	I	I	
                                                        A4-25
-------
           FIELD CORE  OBSERVATIONS AMD VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE NAME:  CRLOG10A
COM MO:    10  CONT'
STATUS  (CUT/HOT CUT)  MOT CUT
SITE:      QUEEN ELIZ.  PARK EKD LIKE 1
POSITION:  ¥:_
COU LENGTH -  HATER.SEDIMENT:
CORE LENGTH -  SEDDtEHT:

MXIOHT TOTAL COU:
TARS WEIGHT:          1.25 L8
OFFSET WEIGHT:        0.125 LB
CORE TDBE WEIGHT:     0.01176 GM/CM*3
COMPtTTED DENSm:	  1.S33 GM/CM*3   TO 1.56 COMPENSATE FOR CLOTH
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

Dilt Prom  Rec. Pos. Xrair Pos.  Rec.   Rec.   D«lay    Dielect    Cocraents
Bottom-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl.  Microsec   pCd
	I	I	I	I	1	I	I	
DIELECTRIC
     ZERO LEADS                                      SO. 2

 wacer     S7.0                                           107
           SO.O                                           107

Foam       39.0                                           105

 Core Sed  28.0                                           106

           1S.O                                           107


EMPTY COR2 TUBE

           28.0                                           101

           16.0                                           100
                                                          A4-26
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS  AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME: CRLOGll
CORE NO:   11
STATUS  (COT/NOT CUT)
SITE:     BLACZ LAGOON LOWER
POSITIOB: ¥:.
CORE LSHCTH - MATER*SEDIMENT: NONE
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:
WIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TOTE WEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENSITY:
1.25 LB
0.12S LB
0.01176 GM/OT3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC
Dist Fro*  Rec. Pol.  Xmic  Po<.  Rec.   Rec.   Delay    Dielecc     Comments
Boccon-ca  en        cm         Gain   Ampl.  Microsec  mic.farad
         .1	I	I	I	1	I	I	
BOTTOM - GRAVEL AND ROCK NO RECOVERY AT ALL
                                                         A4-27
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME: CRLOG12
CORE NO:   12
STATUS  (CUT/NOT COT)  NOT  O3T
SITE:     BLACK LAGOON  LINE  1C  94 METERS INTO LINE
POSITION: N:
CORE LENGTH - WATER+SEDIMBNT:   139.7  CM
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:         « . 04  CM
WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TUBE HEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENSITY:_
n.s LB
1.00 LB   » TOP DEVICE AND CORE CATCHER 2 LB
0.000
0.01176 GM/CM*3
VELOCITT/DIELECTRIC
Diet Prom  Rec.  Po».  Xnit Po*. Rec.  Rec.   Delay    Dialect
Bottom-on  cm        cm        Gala  Ampl.  Microsec  mic.farad
        .1	I	I	I	I	I	I.
                                          Comment:*
NOTE: 3/1S' OF WHITE CHALK LIKE SUBSTANCE
WATER 60
62
61
59
57
SEDIMENT
42
42
40
39
20
22
.0 61.0 1100 5
.8 4
.8
.5
.8

.5 42.0 1700 3
.0
.5 2
.0 1
.5 22.0 0.1
.0 0.1
ON SEDIMENT SURFACE
93
96
94
92
104

96
120
100
120
120
120
                                                        A4-28
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE KAMB: OU.OG12A
CORE HO:   12
STATUS {COT/NOT COT) : CUT
SITE:     BLACK LAGOON LOWES   94 METER ON LINE  1C
POSITION: »:
CORB LEHGTH - WATER*SEDIMEST:  12».S CM  TOTAL CORE   US. 2
CORE LEMGTH - SEDIMENT:        52.7 CM

WIGHT TOTAL CORE:   15. S
TARS WEIGHT:         1.00
OFFSET WEIGHT:       O.OO
CORE TDBE WEIGHT:    0.01176 GM/OT3
COMPDTED DENSITY:	 1.23 GH/CM*3
VBLOCITT/DIBLECTRIC

Di«c Froa  Rec. Po«. Imic  Poi. Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dielect    Comment*
Boccon-co  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microsec mic.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
NOTE: BOTTOM CORE BLACK GRAKU1AR MATERXAL
                                                         A4-29
-------
          FIELD COKE OBSERVATZOHS AMD VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE NAME: CRLOG13
CORE MO:   13
STATUS  (OJT/HOT CUT)   HO SAMPLE ROCK AND GRAVEL
SITE:     BLACX LAGOON - LINE  1C 71.8 METERS FROM START
POSITION: M:
CORE LEHGTH  - «ATEJUSEDrMBNT:
CORE LZBGTH  - SEDIMENT:

WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:         1.25 LB
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0.123 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:    0.01176 GM/CM'3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

Di»t Proa  Rec. Po».  Xmlt Pos. Rec.   Rec.   Delay   Dialect    Comment*
Bottom-cm  ca        cm        Gain   Ampl.  Microaec mic.farad
	1	!	I	I	I	I	I	
NOTE: POtOR SAMPLE - ROCK AND GRAVEL  NO RETENTION
                                                          A4-30
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITT MEASUREMENTS
FILE  NAME:  CRLOG14
COR£  MO:    1«
STATUS  (CUT/NOT CDT) HO RETENTION «• SAND/GRAVEL
SITE:     BLACI LAGOON LOWER LINE 1C £2.4 METERS FROM START

POSITION:  N:  721C3.5          K: 4091740.5

CORK LENGTH - HATER*SEDIMENT:  NO RETENTION  (• SAND/GRAVEL
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:

HEIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE HEIGHT:          1.2S LB
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0 .12S LB
CORE TUBE HEIGHT:    0.0117S GM/CM"3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	 2.10 (EST)
 VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

 Dilt From  Rec. Po(.  Imic Poa. Rac.  Rec.   Delay    Dialect    Comments
 Botcom-cm  cm        en        Gain  Ampl.  Microcec mic.tarad
           	I	I	I	I	1	I	

 NOTE: HARD BOTTOM SAND/PEA GRAVEL  6' CORE  - NO RETENTION
                                                          A4-31
-------
           FIELD  COR£  OBSERVATIONS AKD VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE KAMEi  OU.OG15
CQU HO:    15
STATUS  (CUT/NOT  OJT)  CUT
SITS:      BLAOC  LAGOON LOWER   - 27 METEBS STJl.  6  METERS PORT

POSITION:  N: 7212!             E: 4098734.3

CORE LENGTH - WATER+SEDINEHT:  St.S
COM LENGTH - SEDIMENT:        51.4

WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:    13. 8125
TAKE WEIGHT:          1.00 LBS
OFFSET WEIGHT:        0.00 LBS
CORE TDBB  WEIGHT:     0.01176 GM/CM*3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	  2.00 GM/CM*3
VBLOCTTY/DIELECTRIC

Ditc From  Rec. Po». Xmic Pos- Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dielact    Comments
Boccom-cm  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microsec mic.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	
NOTE: NO VELOCITY DATA TAKEN ON THIS CORE
          CORE TO SHORT

NOT2: THIS WAS A DISTURBED CORE DENSITY ESTIMATE SLIGHTLY
    HIGH

HOTS: UNCUT CORE DATA NOT GIVEN.
                                                        A4-32
-------
          PIBLD CORE OBSERVATIONS  AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
TILS KAMI: CRLOG1S
CORE NO:   1C
STATUS (COT/NOT OJT) : COT
SITE:     BLACK LAGOON LINE IS

POSITION: H: 73917.>          B: 4098731.9

CORE LENGTH - WATZJUSEDIMENT:
COU LENGTH - SEDIKBNT:        IS. 5  CM

WIGHT TOTAL CORE:   3 LB
TARE WIGHT:         1.00 LB
OFFSET HEIGHT:       0.00 LB
CORE TOTE WEIGHT:    0.01176 GM/CM*3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	 1.22 GM/CM3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

Di»t Prom  Ree. Pos.  Xaic Po«. Rec.   Rec.   Delay    Dielect    Comments
Bottom-cm  cm        cm        Gain   Ampl.  Microsec mic.Carad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	

MOTE: ONLY A VERY SHORT CORE WAS OBTAINED.
        DENSITY BASED ON CUT CORE  ONLY

NOTE: BECAUSE OF TEZ SHORT CORE NO VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS TAKEN
                                                      	I.
                                                       A4-33
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS  AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
FILE NAME: CRLOG17
CORE NO:   17
STATUS  (COT/NOT COT) HOT CUT
SITE:     BLACT LAGOON LOVER  OLD  CORE 11  SS.O METERS  SOL  2.7  M STB.

POSITION: H: 72*42.2          E: 4091117.2

CORE LENGTH - WATER»SEDIMENT:   142.2  CM
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:         f0.1 CM HITH S  CM  OF  AIR

WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:   19.5 LBS
TARE HEIGHT:         1.00 BNLBS
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0.000 LB   WITH TOP PLUNGER AND  CORE CATCHER 2  LBS
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:    0 . 0117S GM/CM~3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	 1.33 GM/CM'3
VELOCITT/DIELBCTRIC

Disc From  Rec. Po». Xmic  Poa.  Rec.   Rec.   Delay    Dielecc     Comment*
Bottom-cm  cm        cm         Gain   Aapl.  Microsec  mic.farad
	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	

NOTE: CORE HAD 4 CM OF FOCDLENT MATERIAL ON TOP

NOTE: BECAUSE OF AIR CORE  REDONE AS  119 AND NO VELOCITY  TAKEN
          VELOCITY REPEATED  IN  LABORATORY    COMPLETE ABSORPTION
          CONFIRMED BY tJSACE.
                                                    .1	I.
                                                      A4-34
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
TILE NAME:  CRLOG18
CORE NO:    IS
STATUS (COT/NOT CUT) :  NOT CUT
SITE:     BLACK LAGOON LOWER   • OLD CORE SITE II
           REPEAT OF CORE • 17 52.2 METERS SOL - 1 METER STB.
POSITION:  B: 77941.4           E:  4098813.9

CORE LENGTH - WATER»SEDIK£HT:   142.a CM.
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:         92.0 CM. * S CM FOAM
                                HAVE  7.C CM SPACE ON IOTTOM CORE
WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:   20.125 LB
TARE WEIGHT:         1.00 LB
OFFSET WIGHT:       0.00 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:    0.0117S
COMPUTED DENSITY:
 VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

 Diic Proa  Rec. Po«. Zmic  Po«.  Rec.  Rec.  Delay    Dielect    Commencs
 Boczoo-cm  cm        cm         Cain  Ampl. Microtec nic.farad
                             -I	I	I.
WATER 82 .

83.

79.
81.
SEDIMENT
66

65
64
47
46
42
.0 81.3 1000 5

.0 1100 S

.0
.4

.2 66.6 1700 2
MAX
.2
.2
.« 4S.7 1700 1
.7 0.5
JT 0.2
104
100
100
130
130
96

88
90
94
96
94
96
100
           2S.7       26.7       1700   0.4        9<
                                                  145
           2S.O                                   95
                                                  175
           23.0                                   100
                                                         A4-35
-------
          FIELD CORE OBSERVATIONS MID VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE NAME: CRLOG1IA
COU NO:   II
STATOS  (OTT/NOT CUT) : COT
SITE:     BLACX LAGOON LOWER • OLD CORE SITE II
          REPEAT OF CORE 117 52.2 METERS SOL.  1 METER STB.
POSITION: H: 72941.4          I: 40MI13.9

CORE LENffTH - WATER«SEDIMENT:   130.1 CM.
CORE LEBCTH - SEDIMENT:        75.2 CM.

WIGHT TOTAL CORE:   17.437 LB
TARE WIGHT:         1.00 LB
OFFSET WIGHT:       0.00 LB
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:    0.01176 CM/CM*3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	 1.S3  GM/OT3
VELOCITY/DIELECTRIC

Dice From  Rec. Pot. Xmic Pot.  Rec.   Rec.  Delay    Dielect    Coonencs
Boccom-n  cm        cm        Gain  Ampl. Microtec mic.farad
 NOTE: THIS DATA USED FOR DENSITY CALCULATIONS
                                                          A4-36
-------
          FIELD COM OBSERVATIONS  AND VELOCITY MEASORBfiDTTS
FILE MAKE: CRLOC19
CORE NO:   19
STATUS (CUT/NOT CUT) HOT COT
SITE:     BLACX LAGOON LOWER  LIME  22  OLD  CORE I 7
           14.C METERS FROM SOL  2.4 METERS PORT
POSITIOH: N:	  B:_	

CORE LEBGTH - HATER* SEDIMENT:  142.2  CM.    3-4 CM OF FOAM OK TOP
CORE UMGTH - SEDIMEHT:        «.2 CM CORE CATCHES. STILL OV
           PEHXTRATIOH IT HSIGTH OF CORE
•EIGHT TOTAL CORE:   17.SC LB
TARE WEIGHT r         1.12S LB
OFFSET WEIGHT:       0.00 LB
CORE TUBE HEIGHT:    0.01176 GM/OT3
COMPUTED DENSITY:	
VSLOCrrT/DIELECTRIC

Di»t From  Rec. Pos. Xmit Po«. R«c.  Rec.   Delay    Dielecc    Comanti
Boctoa-co  en        en        Gain  Ampl.  Microsec nic.farad
	I	I	I	1	I	I	I	
 NOTE: VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS ON  CUT  CORE

BATSR      53.1      53.0      1130     4         94
                                                 140
           53.6                1300     4         98
                                                 140
           54.1                1400     4         98
                                                 136
            54.7                                 XOO
                                                 136
           53.6                                   96
                                                 134
           52.2                                   94
                                                 140
           51.4                                  104
                                                 175
AIR TEST                                         245
           50.6                1700     3        120
                                                 170
           50.6      51.1      1500     5        108
           49.8                                 108

           48.8      49.6                         92
           48.4                                  120
                                                 179
                                                      	I.
                                                       A4-37
-------
          FIELD COH£ OBSERVATIONS AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
PILE NAME: CRLOG19A
CORE BO:   19
STATUS  (COT/NOT COT) : COT
SITE:     BLACK LAGOON LOWER  LIME 22 OLD COKE |7
           84.6 METERS FROM SOL 2.4 METERS PORT
POSITION: N:	  E:	

CORE LENGTH - MATBR»SEDIMEHT:  121.9 CM  CORE TUBE LENGTH 131.4
CORE LENGTH - SEDIMENT:        44.45 CM.
WEIGHT TOTAL CORE:
TARE WEIGHT:
OFFSET WEIGHT:
CORE TUBE WEIGHT:
COMPUTED DENSITY:
 14.C2S
 1.12S LB
 0.000 LB
 0.01176 GM/CM
 1.11 GM/CM'3
VELOC ITT/DIELECTRIC
Di«t From
Boccom-cm
	I.
           Rec. Po«.
 Xmlc Po».  Rec.
 cm        Gain
	I	I
 NOTE: CONTINUATION OP VELOCITY ON CUT CORE
Rec.   Delay    Dialect
Aopl. Microeec Die.farad
   .1
                                                               Comment*
SEDIMENT
           41.7
 1/2 WAT.  39.0

           37.0

           37.0

           36.2
           35.1
           33.4
           30.8
           32.0
           28.2
                     38.5
                               1100
 36.7
 33.2
                     29.9
           1700
UT CORE
5





5

3
1
5
1


92 ON CUT CORE 40.5 SED TOP
170 IN MEASUREMENT Of TAPE
92 MEASURE.
150
96
ISO
90
145
112
138
100
110
130
                                                               HO SIGNAL
           27.6
           26.2
           20.6

           20.6
           12.5
           13.5
                     26.7
 20.5
                     19.5
                     18.5
                     13.5
                               1700    0.1
                  0.1
                 0.1
                    1
           ISO
           125
           100
           140
           102
           ISO
           108
           110
           124
                                                      A4-38
-------
         Tvrrov CHANNEL coNDucnvrrr MEASUREMENTS

         PURPOSE: PROVIDE DATA FOR EVALOXTTOH OP RADAR IOTORMATIOH

         APPARATUS:  Dale consiicfrd of 2 1.5*3* plat** with a mean
                    •eparacion of 9.S*. Tb« lead* connected to a
                    high impedance obaaeter.
         RKFXBXNCS: Normal clean near • 10,000 ohM
Area
          Location   Obi -1
                              Oba-2
                                        Obe-3
                                                  Obi-4
                                                            Obi -5
                                                                      Haas Obe
Podr Surface
Ivadiace Mid Point
after Bottom
•torrn Air-Wet

Q . E . Prk Surface
Bottom
Hid Point
Air-Wet

Blk. L.tJp Air-Dry
Surface
Bottom

BUc.L.Dpp
over aacd Air -Dry
Surface
Bottom
Center (mud
Surface
Bottom
2SC4
2487
1992
90000

1080
1077
1150
300000

1700000
2SOO
2650


3000000
2400
£000

2800
2000
2S«4
2417
1992
90000
0
1010
1077
1150
300000
0
1700000
2600 2700 2(80 2ESO 2626
2630 2625 2616 2604 2625
0
0
3000000
2700 2600 2567
£000 7000 6333
0
2900 3200 2000 2725
1500 2000 7000 312S
 Dock
 Next  day  Air         1700000
          Surface       10000
          Boctoa        10000
11000
 9000
12000
10000
11000
10200
1700000
  11000
   9800
                                                     A4-39
-------
             APPENDIX AS

   SELECTED CALIBRATION ANALYSIS
         SHEETS AND LOGS
AVAILABLE FOR REVIEW AT U.S.EPS/CBSSS,
          GROSSE ILE, MI.
-------
     APPENDIX A6




AMPLIFIER GAIN CURVES
        A6-1
-------
    V  program  name  gaincomp.m
    %  version  1.00
    %  written  by ddc  10/4/95
    %  compute  gain  and check  with actual  gain,

    p(l)  =  0.0017;
    p(2)  =  -0.0600;
    p(3)  =   0.8815;
    p(4)=   -7.0764;
    p(5)  =   33.884;
    p(6)  =   -99.2424;
    p(7)  =   175.9008;
    p(8)  =  -181.6657;
    p(9)  =  105.5041;
    p(10) =  -8.1394;
    pf(l) =  2.5057;
    pf(2) =  2.2370;
    %load p;
    %load pf;

^   for W =  1:30;
ro
tor W = 1:JU;
gnset = input('Input gain  setting  value  x.xx =  ');


if gnset <= 1.40
        gn = polyval(p,gnset);
end

if gnset > 1.40
        x = gnset-1.40;
        gn = polyval(pf,x)  +  20.7433;
end
if gnset > 5.00
        gn = gn -  ((gnset-5)*0.22);
end
load gain;
load gainset;
                                              Page 1
-------
  axis( [0 10 -10 40]);
  hold on;

  plot(gainset,gain.gnset,gn,' x1 );
  title(['Gain versus Gain Setting  ']);
  xlabel('Gain Setting1);
  ylabeK 'Gain (db) ' ) ;
  text(7,20,num2str(gn));
  pause;
  hold off;
  elf;
  if gnset == 11
          break;
  end

  end
I
CO
                                             Page 2
-------
50 r
                        Gain Setting Vs. Gain - Amp #3
                                 Gain Setting
                                   A6-4
-------
           APPENDIX A7




STANDARD SEDIMENT PROPERTIES TABLE
               A7-1
-------
                           STANDARD MARINE UNCONSOLIDATED
                           GEOTECHNICAL AND ACCOUSTIC PROPERTIES
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SOILS ASSUMED • 2.70 GN/CH'3

ITEM
MATERIAL TYPE
BULK UET DRY
DENSITY DENSITY DENSITY









t*
i
ro
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
I
I
COARSE SAND
MEDIUM SAND
FINE SANDS
VERY FINE SANDS
SILTY SANDS
SANDY SILT
SAND-SILT-CLAY
CLAYEY SILT
SILTY cur
CLAtEY SILT
CLAY
I I
2.70
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
2.700
_i 	 1-
I
2.05
2.010
1.960
1.910
1.B30
1.600
1.560
1.A30
1.400
1.380
1.260
	 1.
I
1.658
1.628
1.515
1.420
1.274
0.856
0.891
0.675
0.621
0.578
0.383
	 1
POROSITY MEDIAN IMPED. REFLECT. BOTTOM
X GRAIN SZ. Z
1
38.60
39.700
43.900
47.400
52.800
68.300
67.000
75.000
77.000
78.600
85.800
	 	 	 	 i
1 1
0.520 3740
0.356
0.153
0.090
0.073
0.036
0.018
0.006
0.003
0.006
0.001
i
3510
3440
3265
3060
2500
2490
2200
2150
2110
1890
	 1.
R LOSS-DB
0.410
0.385
0.375
0.352
0.320
0.214
0.250
0.177
0.159
0.150
0.090
	 (__
7.8
8.3
8.6
9.1
9.9
13.5
12.1
15.2
16.1
16.7
20.6
WATER
CONT. X
i
1 1
23.284
24.384
28.983
33.376
41.431
79.799
75.196
111.111
123.994
136.033
223.787
I
WATER CNT
X CHECK
23.658
23.457
30.719
34.488
43.597
86.938
75.084
111.852
125.443
138.837
228.638
POROSITY WET OEN.
CHECK CHECK
1 *
38.600
39.700
43.900
47.400
52.800
68.300
67.000
75.000
77.000
78.600
85.800
2.044
2.025
1.954
1.894
1.802
1.539
1.561
1.425
1.391
1.364
1.241
G = SPECIFIC GRAVITY
n » POROSITY
w « WATER CONTENT
DD « DRY DENSITY
WD « UET DENSITY
DRY DENSITY • G*(N-1)
UET DENSITY(CHECK) • <1-n)*G t n
  U * (1/DD - 1/G)*100
  W(CHECK) - (UO/DO -DMOO = (n/OD)«100
  n(CHECK) " (1-DD/G)«100
                           STANDARD  MARINE  SEDIMENTS  GEOTECHNICAL  PROPERTIES
-------
                  FINAL REPORT
    MICRO SURVEY - ACOUSTIC CORE AND
 PHYSICAL CORE INTER - RELATIONS WITH
              SPATIAL VARIATION,
TRENTON CHANNEL OF THE DETROIT RIVER
                     VOLUME II
 CORE ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY FINDINGS
                        prepared

                      March 23, 1996



                          By

                     David Caulfield
               Caulfield Engineering, Incorporated
                       Oroville, WA

                          And

                     John C. Filkins
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development
      National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
             Mid-Continental Ecology Division-Duluth
              Community Based Science Support Staff
               9311 Groh Rd., Grosse He, MI 48138
-------
This report was prepared for the U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experimental Station under
contract No. DACW39-95-C-0070.  This report meets one of the deliverables for the Interagency
Agreement, DW96947730-01-0, between U.S. ACOE/Waterways Experimental Station and U.S.
EPA/Great Lakes National Program Office and U.S. EPA/National Health and Environmental
Effects Research Laboratory/Mid-Continental Ecology Division-Duluth/Community Based
Science Support Staff.
                                         11
-------
CONTENTS
1.0    INTRODUCTION  	  1

2.0    PROJECT DESCRIPTION	  2

      2.1  Background 	 2
      2.2  Site Overview	 2
      2.3  Project Objectives 	 3
      2.4  Experiment Design 	 4
      2.5  Project Schedule 	 5
      2.6  Quality Assurance Procedures	 5

3.0    TECHNICAL APPROACH AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES	 6

      3.1  Field Procedures 	 7
      3.2  Analysis Procedures  	 7

4.0    DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 	 17

      4.1  Core Densities and Core Locations	 17
      4.2  Standard Marine Acoustic Properties 	 17
      4.3  Processed Seismic Data Summary  	 22

          4.3.1  Calibration Procedure Verification  	 25
          4.3.2  Bottom Loss Analysis 	 25
          4.3.3  Amplitude Decay Ratio  	 30
          4.3.4  Plus Sign Percentage  	 30
          4.3.5  Acoustic Parameters Summary	 35

5.0    DETAILED CROSS-SECTIONS AT CORE SITES  	 36
6.0    DIRECT CORE VELOCITY/ABSORPTION 	 38

      6.1  Core Velocity Measurement Review	 38
      6.2  Core Absorption Observations  	 45

                                     iii
-------
7.0    PRELIMINARY AREA FINDINGS	  52

      7.1  Elizabeth Park Summary 	  52
      7.2  Black Lagoon Summary 	  54

8.0    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 	  56
9.0    BIBLIOGRAPHY 	  58

APPENDIX

Bl    Addendum - Appendix B1   Detailed Examples of Analysis at Each
      Core Site 	  Bl-1
B2    Summary of Acoustic Properties at Each Core Site 	  B2-1
B3    Core Sites Cross-Sections 	  B3-1
B4    In Field Core Velocimeter Data 	  B4-1
B5    In Field Core Absorption Data 	  B5-1
                                     IV
-------
1.0   INTRODUCTION
       Significant  deposits of contaminated sediment occur in many waterways near
urban centers, including those of the Great Lakes basin.  Some of these deposits have
accumulated for decades and reflect historic loadings of pollution from cities, industry
and agricultural runoff. These deposits continue to  contaminate benthic and  pelagic
organisms through various transport and fate processes.  The  removal,  treatment and
disposal of these contaminants may be extremely costly.

       A cost effective and rapid means of mapping the distribution of sediments in
harbors and rivers  is required  to facilitate the remedial decisions facing  environmental
managers. Models are being developed to predict the potential for sediment erosion in
harbors and rivers.  An accurate prediction of sediment resuspension by these  models
requires accurate mapping of sediments.

       This final report has been prepared in three volumes. Each volume was originally
delivered as an interim project report.  Upon completion of the final volume the interim
reports were edited and a  final report consisting of a three  volumes set and executive
summary was prepared. The three volumes include:

       Volume I:    Field Activities and Calibration Documentation (December 30,
                    1995).  This volume summarizes field acquisition and calibration
                    procedures.  Highlights of the field activities, associated field logs
                    and  corrected file  navigation,  and the  results  of an extended
                    calibration program are provided.

       Volume II:    Core  Analysis and  Summary Findings (March  23, 1996).  This
                    volume relates the acoustic properties of the  sediments  to the
                    physical properties of the cores at selected  sites.

       Volume III:   Normal  and  Contaminated  Sediment Distribution Maps (May,
                    1997).      Volume   III  provides   final  outputs   identifying
                    contaminated layer cross-sections as well as estimated dredging
                    volumes.   Also  presented are new spatial analysis  techniques
                    developed   to   accommodate   the   spatial   variations  and
                    contaminants/gas content of the Trenton Channel sediments.
-------
2.0   PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1    Background

       Both the Army Corps of Engineers/Water Ways Experimental Station (USACE-
WES)  and  the  U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency/Office  of Research  and
Development/Mid-Continent Ecology Division/Community Based Science Support Staff
(USEPA/MED/CBSSS) have research interest in mapping sediment in harbors and rivers
by acoustic profiling.  In 1994, the Great Lakes National Program Office, The Michigan
Department of Natural Resources  and USEPA/MED/CBSSS conducted a sediment
survey by contract with Caulfield Engineering using the Acoustic Core0 system.   The
survey of the Detroit River's Trenton Channel  demonstrated that the Acoustic Core0
system has the potential for mapping the sediment in harbors and rivers of the Great
Lakes. The 1994 survey results identified high spatial variance in sediment distribution
and possible gas content in these sediments.  The acoustic method required optimization
for use in shallow water (2 ft. to  30 ft.) and areas which exhibit a high degree of sediment
spatial variability.

       The USEPA requested that USAGE-WES optimize the Acoustic Corer. Two sites
on the Trenton Channel, Elizabeth Park and  Black Lagoon, were selected for micro-
surveys to demonstrate the Acoustic Corer and to confirm the  1994  observations.  The
request required survey grids of very closely spaced (5-10 meters) observation lines with
high ping repetition rates.  In addition, ground truth piston cores were to be taken at
calibration sites and other sites of interest.  The data were to be acquired and processed
with the Caulfield Engineering  Acoustic Core suite of software. Final project outputs
were to include identification of the location and volume of depositional sediment, survey
line cross section plots of horizontal and vertical  sediment distribution by density group,
and to specify the acoustic properties of the possible contaminated sediments.

2.2    Site Overview

       The Detroit River has been identified by the International Joint Commission as an
Area of Concern due to a  number of water quality problems,  including  contaminated
sediments and degraded benthic communities.  In addition, the  river  is also listed under
the Michigan Environmental Response Act  (P.A.  307,   1982 as  amended) due to
contaminated sediments.
-------
       Sediment studies conducted under the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels
Study  (USEPA and EC,  1988) and other research activities, documented sediments
contaminated with metals, PCBs, and oil and grease (Farara and Burt,  1993) in multiple
locations  in  the  Detroit  River and  Trenton Channel.   Impaired  uses  relating to
contaminated sediments, as identified in the Detroit River Stage 1 Remedial Action Plan
(MDEQ,  1987),   include  restrictions  on   dredging   activities,  degraded   benthic
communities,  exceeding  Michigan  Water  Quality Criteria  for fish consumption
advisories, and increased incidence offish tumors.

       The Trenton Channel is located in the  lower Detroit River between Grosse He and
the Michigan mainland, Figure 2-1.  It is approximately nine miles in length and carries
21 percent of the total river flow, with an average velocity of 1.08 to 1.9 ft/sec.  The
Detroit River and Trenton Channel, a heavily industrialized area and a major navigation
route, has been identified as severely degraded in terms of water and sediment quality and
benthic communities  (USEPA  and  EC, 1988).  Numerous point sources  in  the area
include steel  plants,  waste  water treatment plants  and  chemical  and  automotive
manufacturing industries.  Concentration of arsenic, nickel, PCBs, and oil and grease in
Trenton Channel sediments have been found  to exceed the recommended guidelines for
sediments (Long and Morgan,  1990; Persaud et al., 1993).  Data from various sediment
Toxicity tests conducted showed sever impacts compared to other Detroit River locations
and reference stations for a number of biota tested (Giesy et al., 1988).

2.3   Project Objectives

       The primary objective of the USEPA-USACE-Caulfield Engineering effort was
the acquisition of micro-survey data using the Acoustic Core0 system and the processing
and analysis of selected results and sites to determine what the sediment stratigraphy in
near shore areas of the Trenton Channel. Two specific sites were chosen to demonstrate
soft sediment mapping, allowing the calculation of volume estimates.

       This project uses the Acoustic  Core0 suite of software to identify and map the
gross distribution of these sediments as presented in this report.  Piston core data  is
required  to  calibrate  the  acoustic process.   It  is  important to  note  that the  exact
relationship  engineering geo-acoustic  properties of the marine  sediments  versus the
various types of pollutants is not known. It is only known that pollutants and or micro-
gas bubbles  contained in  sediment change the acoustic  properties, and in some cases
radically,  from standard marine sediments.   Data  shows (Volume II) that as the gross
contaminants (observed from the chemical  analysis of the USEPA vibra-cores  collected
in 1994) increase  the deviation of the bottom loss for similar non-contaminated marine
sediments increases.
-------
       The tasks listed in the interagency agreement between EPA and ACOE included:

       >  Optimize the Acoustic Corer for use  mapping, in shallow water (2ft-30ft),
       where sediments exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity .

       >  Demonstrate the accuracy of the Acoustic Corer to characterize sediment type
       and map  the distribution of sediment type at depth.   The demonstration should
       take place at three sites (shallow, medium and deeper water depths) in the Trenton
       Channel,  Detroit River.

       >  Collect  and conduct the necessary geophysical characterization of sediment
       cores needed for calibration and validation of the acoustic corer.

       >  At the demonstration  sites provide mapping  of  the distribution of the soft
       sediment.

       >  Provide a written report on the Acoustic Corer Optimization, describing the
       rational, approach and results.

       >  Provide a survey report on the demonstration site surveys.  This report is to
       include:

              1.  A description of the Acoustic Corer and the fundamentals of operation
             2.  The survey design
             3.  Results of the survey
             4.  Graphical mapping of the sediment distribution for each site
             5.  A calculation of the volume of soft sediment at each site

       Without  the detailed quality assurance program carried out  during  the  field
exercises this project would not have succeeded. The quality assurance program enabled
absolute  calibrations of the sound sources, which  in turn allowed for the quantitative
identification of the sediment types.

2.4   Experiment  Design

       The data  acquisition procedures encompass standard shallow subbottom profiling
techniques in which a  sound source  emanates a sound signal (source) and the reflection
from the bottom and subbottom are received on an array or transducer (receiver). Various
sound  sources and receivers are  used with different amplifiers to format the data for
proper digitizing and data storage.  The selection of source and receiver combinations are
a function of the soil  types, the depths of penetration and  vertical resolution required.
Based on the experience  of the previous years survey, a number of different systems were
-------
made available.  Volume I provides an extensive review of all the acquisition systems,
field procedures, sonar equation solutions, and calibration.
       A new Caulfield Engineering program, Acoustic Core Reflection/Sign (ACRS1)
was utilized  to  automatically obtain water bottom depth and depths  to  each strong
subbottom layer, bottom reflection sign, and to compute  bottom loss for the file being
analyzed.  This program is in addition to the standard Acoustic Core routines discussed in
Volume I, the latter being also used in the preparation of this report.

2.5   Project Schedules

       The project was scheduled to commence on July 24,  1995.  The  project was
started on time and Volume I provides a detailed description of all activities, equipment
and calibration procedures and results. The field acquisition was completed on schedule.
During the field operation, severe boat handling problems were encountered that severely
complicated the data processing.  In many cases the boat was not anchored well, or not
anchored  at  all.   This  required trace  by trace  processing  to  obtain  the  proper
representation of the bottom.  These problems and the solutions to them, are  discussed in
detail in Volume I. Some of the same problems were encountered when relating the core
data to the seismic  data in this report.  The solutions outlined in Volume I were applied to
this core/seismic data with the same positive results.

2.6   Quality Assurance Procedures

       The success of the entire program results from the implementation of a detailed
quality assurance procedure program.  This QA program presented all system operating
specifications, tolerances, and calibration programs.  These in field calibration programs
allowed verification  of all results  and, more importantly, allowed correction for  boat
handling problems.  Volume I provides complete  descriptions  of the  QA  procedure
program, along with the detailed  individual system specifications and  accuracy.  The
same procedures established and documented in volume I were used to obtain the results
presented in this volume.  Results  are presented showing that, with the calibrated source
and receiver  sensitivity values obtained,  predicted non-polluted  sediment  bottom loss
values equaled, within 1.32 db, the theoretical bottom loss values for these sediments.

       The Quality Assurance Procedure  Section of Volume I also presented the main
mathematical equations used  in data analysis.   These are namely, the  sonar equation,
reflection model, and transmission model.  A complete discussion of the mathematical
procedures and equations used in the preparation of this volume can be found in Volume
I.
-------
3.0   TECHNICAL APPROACH AND ANALYSIS

       PROCEDURES

       The acquisition of seismic data and core data simultaneously was specifically
designed to accomplish the following:

       •  Physical Verification of Spatial Variability - The 1994 seismic survey of the
          Trenton Channel  indicated high spatial  variability in sediment  type and
          pollution variability. The physical cores, along with grab samplers, confirmed
          this variability.

       •  Confirmation of Seismic Predictions - The availability of multiple sediment
          cores, characterized for material  type and  physical density,  allowed for
          verification of the acoustic core predictions.  Bottom loss predictions were
          within 1.32 db of theoretical bottom loss for non-polluted sediments.

       •  Acoustic Properties of Polluted Sediments - The long term goal of the project
          is to start to build a library of the relationship of the physical  properties of
          polluted sediments in  relation to the observed acoustic properties of these
          sediments.  This program provided an initial step, and acoustic parameters can
          be related to gross  pollution measurements.   Even more importantly, the
          results  provide  a confirmed procedure for surveying and delineating these
          highly  variable depositional  Trenton  Channel sediments in an  analytical
          manner.

       The 'R/V Mudpuddy'  provided an excellent platform  for performing this first
experiment in pollution classification with the Caulfield Engineering  Acoustic Core
patented procedures.  The transmitter and receivers were mounted in the front of the hull
on extended platforms,  while  a  special Caulfield Engineering  piston corer could  be
dropped directly between the transducers.  This ensured that when the boat  was properly
anchored,  the transducers were  directly over  the  core location,  allowing  absolute
calibration of the  bottom loss with physical samples. Unfortunately, the boat was not
always anchored properly or was not anchored at all.  However, the statistical processing
to overcome  these problems, developed  in Volume I, was  successfully  used in this
core/seismic study.
-------
3.1    Field Procedures

       Core location sites were at the same locations that previous detailed chemical
analysis cores were taken by the USEPA, and sites chosen from review of the seismic
records and a test grab sampler.  The boat was then positioned over the desired spot and
sometimes anchored.  While seismic acquisition with either the 3.5 KHz or 7.0 KHz
system running, the core was dropped. After retrieving the core, the core sample was
weighed, measured, and the general characteristics and sediment interfaces noted.  If time
allowed,  this core  was  then  placed  in  the  Caulfield Engineering  Field  Core
Velocity/Absorption System prototype unit. This unit measured the gross sound velocity
and  absorption by  placing a  330 KHz  transmitter  on  one side of the core  and  a
corresponding receiver on the other side. Peaks travel time and amplitude were recorded
in the core logs.  The latter being only rough estimates as this unit was a prototype and
was not part of the contract deliverables.

       After  the above  measurements were  properly recorded, the surface  water was
removed, the cores  cut,  sealed, and the cores were again weighed and  measured.  The
empty weight of the core tube and its dimensions allowed in the field computation of the
average density.  This information was useful for optimizing survey procedures.  Rough
dielectric measurements  were occasionally taken, however, the number of samples taken
was  insufficient  to  make any conclusions.   Some resistivity measurements were  also
taken.   The  data  suggest the bottom conductivity increased  as the  gross pollution
increased.

       At the majority of core sites, data was acquired at both 3.5 KHz and 7.0 KHz with
additional calibration procedures performed.  This allowed absolute checking  of the
calibration procedures developed and discussed in Volume I.

       At the completion of the survey effort, the packaged cut cores were shipped to
USACE-WES where precision  absorption and  density measurements were repeated.
Gross density measurements obtained agreed with the field measurements as presented in
Appendix B3. However, the precision velocity/absorption portion of the system could
not obtain data due to  the extremely high sound absorption of the sediments.  The
operating frequency of this precision  system  was approximately twice as  high as the
Caulfield Engineering prototype unit.  As  frequency increases, so does the absorption in
marine sediments (Hamilton, E.L.  1972),  explaining why the USACE-WES unit could
not get any data.  These negative results  confirm the high  acoustic absorption in these
sediments.

3.2    Analysis Procedures

       The 'standard' Acoustic Core0 system measures the bottom reflection coefficients
                                       7
-------
(Bottom  Loss (BL)), estimates the absorption (for  standard  marine sediments) and
computes the impedance of the various layers. From  historical tables embedded in the
software, the density is estimated from the impedance.  In the case of polluted sediments,
this historical data base does not exist and a different approach must be undertaken.

       The approach taken was to generate a new Windows based Acoustic Core
Reflection/Sign (ACRS1) program that performed all the normal  computations of the
standard Caulfield Engineering's Acoustic Core software, but did not perform the density
predictions.  In addition, a reflection sign output algorithm had to be added to detect and
measure  the observed phase reversals  caused by micro gas bubbles in the sediments.
Because of the large amount of data to be processed due  to the high spatial variability of
the sediments, and ship  handling problems, a gray-scale display was developed for use
with Laser printers, which increases the processing speed compared to conventional color
plotters.   This ACRS1  program was  combined  with  the new Calibration  Program
discussed in Volume I to process the data. Appendix Bl, contained in an Addendum,
provides  complete examples of processing for each core site.   The following outline
summarizes step by step the process for relating the seismic data to the  core information
at each location:

       •   Step 1) Position Plots - At  each  core  site location the precise  position is
          plotted from the navigational data.  Figure 3-1 illustrates such a plot.  This
          plot demonstrates the movement of the  boat when coring is attempted while
          unanchored.   The  data  nearest the  core  point  were  identified using  the
          navigational plots and chosen for analysis.

       •   Step 2)  CAL1  Processing  - For  several sub-files  the  CAL1  calibration
          program is run to generate bottom and subbottom signal levels and to compute
          the bottom loss and refection coefficients.  This particular plot, Figure 3-2, is
          from the 3.5  KHz Massa receiver data  set. Data from the  7.0  KHz and  the
          crystal receivers were collected at the same position and analyzed, providing
          four (4) independent observations at each core site. In addition to providing
          the bottom loss calculations,  the  plots  were  used  for  sediment  layer
          identification. In this particular case, the surface layer is clearly identified and
          is approximately 0.7 meters thick.  The piston core obtained approximately
          0.4 meters of sediment. Data output from  this processing is provided in  an
          ASCII file and is included with this report on separate disks. The source and
          receiver levels were those determined during the calibration program reported
          in Volume I.

       •   Step3) ACRS1 Processing - The ACRS1 processing provides layer depths, the
          layer sign (a measure of the phase of the reflected signal, positive for non gas
          containing sediments and negative for gas containing sediments), and plots of
          the bottom loss for the entire subbottom  file. Volume III, Appendix A3.6
          provides  a detailed discussion of the ACRS1 programs and descriptions of the
                                        8
-------
                                                                 SCRLE  1 =6.11  M
                                                             CRULF1ELD ENG]NEER]NG
                                                             SITE - CR54.NRV
                                                           . IL nr
                                                                      frr. I.
                                                           DVG.  NO.  2060-1010-CQREJ0
Typical Navigation Plot at  Core Site
               Figure 3-1
-------
  C:\206P~RAL\CR540023.DAT
          0  |   1  |   2  |   3
0.  -T
                       0    -6.0 ,   Ampl. +6.0
— - ,|(nnin|Km,miiM«iiihi!||ini«™||iiniiiii|i^

                ^•iK^^	ilrfimili.	I
ms.  _.
21.
       ••l""»n«i»iMi»MlM^llllit"%^
                                              lllii'lHIIil'i'illllliiiHi'IMi'ili
                              ji H,. — —
                   ?:^


                                                      X

                                                      X
       ..»»,..„.. •..-•«.. ..^.-
                                               S(s) = 98.59
                                               N(h) = -81.09
                                               N(a) = 22.
                                               Ndi = 0.
                                               D1 =13.287
                                               Nw1  = 22.468
                                               D2 = 0.
                                               Nw2 = 0.
                                               Sg1 =5.1293
                                               sdS1  = 0.88003
                                               Sg2 = 0.
                                               sdS2 = 0.
                                                                        sdSs = 0.
                                                                        sdNhyd = 0.
                                                                 3
                                               BL = -11.903
                                               sdBL = 0.88124
                                               R = 0.25529
                                               sdR = 2.5437e-002
	  .	r ...        Trace No.= 21  Proc No: = 3

      Typical CAL1 Output Plot
-------
   \  "-^—	~r~=_ -
C:\2O6"'
                                                                                   l=t = 0.
                                                                                                   -002
3.99
           0
ms. _L
                                                   o
         wiiyiii,,^               .......... 'A ........ Wfti ...... <% ...... S^^>*^^,>c*^          	*"	^::»t
        ? -  "^"'JO^^VlV^^^^!i«.fcVl«^^
       1 AlIM*.

           .......
          ' l"1" V '""•
            - - '
                                        „„
                                       -"""il*
                            *
                            n"lli
 *«'•» "'"""	in   .
"" 	 	»'    I
  iiiil"1'"	
",,„,„„. "'  ... '
 '•mi,'1' '     l I
•-	'	  L
        ../'.  "~-         ,v,,   .   . .....
         h .  m,.^  *.,  \ •« .   . ,* n,,,,r •,, ,., "•   ......  '"'•p
        v\"r- .N\. *;,"*•,.„„ V-"-'  "  "^
                                 ...........
         .
        Disp.Gain=1    Stack No=1     Vert. Disp=X2
                                                                                             = 98.59
                                                                                        N(h)= -78.09
                                                                                        N(aJ= 22.
                                                                                        SRD=1.5
                                                                                        Sep= 3.5
                                                                                        BTr= 6.5
                                                                                        ABL= -9.S49/
                                                                                        sdBL- 2.198!
                                    Typical  ACRS1  Processing Output
                                              Figure  3-3
-------
graphic symbols in the display.  The left hand side of Figure 3-3 is the raw
seismic data.  In this particular case the echo from the coring  devise rising
from the sediment to the water surface is clearly shown. The ability to see the
corer  on the acoustic records enabled certain identification  of the seismic
records associated with the cored site.  The right hand side of the same Figure
presents the layers and the bottom loss plots.  Solid black thick lines indicate a
negative reflection  coefficient,  and  dashed thick  lines  indicate positive
reflection  coefficients.  The  average  bottom loss (ABL) for all the traces
processed is presented in the data table on the right. The standard deviation is
also presented.  Even though this  was an extremely stable region (apparent
uniform bottom based on the  seismic display), the standard deviation is still
quite large.  This is representative of the spatial variation observed in Trenton
Channel.  As above, the source and receiver levels were  those determined
during the calibration program reported in Volume I. The detailed trace by
trace results of the processing  is provided in ASCII files and is supplied on the
attached disks.  In  this example two major layers  are  detected.   The third
possible layer was weak and  below the ambient  Signal-to-Noise and is only
partially detected.

Step 4) Site  Data Summary - The principal observation from each file and
sub-file is summarized in Figure 3-4.  This figure records the receiver levels,
source levels, transducer depths, directivity index, and the system gain. These
are all the parameters for solving the sonar equation to determine the bottom
loss, which is given on the right side of Figure 3-4.  The type of processing
undertaken by the CAL1 program is also listed. The bottom loss is computed
by using the basic  sonar equation,  knowing the receiver and source strength
and solving  the sonar  equation  for  the bottom  loss.   This  bottom  loss
computation can also be confirmed using the multiple refection values.  The
latter solution has higher variance due to bottom scattering. These calculations
are described in  volume 1 and also in volume III, appendix A3. The top of
Figure 3-4 shows  the outputs for the  CAL1 processing and the bottom of
figure  3-4 shows the results of the ACRS1  processing.   These data sets are
averaged and presented latter in the section on results.

Step 5) Amplitude Decay Ratio - The amplitude ratio is a gross estimate of the
absorption. Figure 3-5 illustrates the form used to record the amplitude decay
ratio (Ampl. Ratio).  The amplitude decay ratio is the second prominent layer
amplitude divided  by the bottom (surface sediment) amplitude.  It has been
assumed that the region can be approximated as a one layer model.

Step 6) Reflection  Sign Data Form  - The  reflection  sign,  when negative
indicates phase reversal, a phenomenon indicative of gas containing sediment.
Figure 3-6 presents  the form used to record and generate the  plus (+) sign
percentage seen  over the entire  file.   The data  is generated graphically by
                             12
-------
                              FL. IO
        2-3
                                            AW
  j
                                             (.\S
   r
                                /I-
                              /I
                                                                             fi s!i
6|
                                                                  I  II -X/.I3I7
   7	L2.
                                           /s
                                                                    NX** ^diS;
^
V)
         25
                            151131
                                                                             r.c;
                             \\/
                    M I M  it-/A;
                                                                            12
"II  /3|
                       /W^!^i|3l
l/^^i
                             s-||s   In
                                          /f ^ M  1 s i '
                          T- rji^y ihsii
-------
File Header.




Frequency_




Receiver
                   AMPLITUDE DECAY RATIO DATA FORM




                             Core Site    \O
                                            CAL1 - Data

Number



/
i.
>
V
<
£
7
2"
Ci








File Num.



Z^
£2>
2.3
13
Z-T
2VI
^^
^s
25








SubFile



Q
/
^
J
/
^
*?
*P
^1







P-P
Amplitude
Bottom
Volts

^-f
^ ,?
C-
3
£ >*-
1 '7
5-^
?/*
3.3







P-P
Ampl.
Next Lay
Volts

V/
Z. 7
>. o
^/5>
^,5
1 .^
3,°
3,-D
Z.^i








Decay
Ratio


/, 2?
(3, 3?
/ / 0-0
1 /6°
^.9JT
^-M/f
o 
-------
                     REFLECTION SIGN DATA FORM
                           ESTIMATE ONLY

                              Core Site   /  ^
        File Header

        Frequency   3 ' 5-

        Receiver
ACRS1 - Data

Number




/
2^
i













File Num.




^•1
Z^
15













SubFiie





—
— -













Plus
cm.



£// 5
?.y
5,7












p-p
Minus
cm.



7.7
7-^
&,*













Total
cm.



^,L
Id ^
10,1,













Pecentage
+/-



*T,7£
^7/^>
?«. 1-7













Comments



















                                    Mean Value
                    1^*3
        Note: Precision data available from w.asl files. This form for estimate only.
                              Figure  3-6
                                               15
Caulfield Engineering
-------
          measuring the gross amount of plus and minus data. The data is also provided
          in ASCII format on the core analysis disks provided with this report.   It is
          important to note that in the ASCII file generation program there was an error,
          and the plus and minus signs are interchanged.

       The  above  processing  steps  provided  literally thousands of  observations  for
statistically comparing the acoustic data to the core information. The  next section will
review and summarize these findings.  A quick review of Appendix A in the Addendum
will confirm that the spatial variations exist.  The processing of such a large amount of
data  was  necessary to ensure that  the ship  handling and electrical  problems  were
removed.
                                       16
-------
4.0   DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

       The following subsections summarize the processed results from the Addendum -
Appendix Bl. Each major finding is broken out as a separate subsection. Only core sites
5 through 19 were processed as these were in the major areas of interest.

4.1    Core Densities and Core Locations

       The core  densities measured by the USACE-WES by weight and volume are
given in  Figure 4-1 along with the field core densities obtained  immediately on the
vessel. Volume I contains the complete raw core field log from which the field core
densities  were derived.  Note that Core 15  density obtained by USACE-WES  is out  of
range.  This core was damaged during shipping from  Detroit to  Vicksburg.  The table
given in Figure 4-1  shows how the average densities are computed from the core length
and volume.

       Literature-derived densities were used for the cores that  did  not have  good
retention.  In particular, the sand material ran out the bottom of the core when the core
rube was raised out of the  water.  Sufficient material was recovered to classify the
material type. These  cores were namely sand, or sand with gravel, or sand with rocks.
Refer to Volume I for complete reference material to standard densities for non-polluted
sediments and to the next sub-section for a summary of density and acoustic properties  of
these standard marine  sediments.

       Figures 4-2  and 4-3 provide the locations of cores 5 through  19.  Note that the
Northing  (N) was mislabeled as an Easting (E) at core site 19 in Figure  4-3.  Cores 5
through 10 were taken in the Elizabeth Park region, Figure 4-2, and Cores 11 through 19,
Figure  4-3, were taken in the Black Lagoon region.  The core locations are given  in the
Northing  and Easting as observed by the USEPA staff.

4.2    Standard Marine Acoustic Properties

       For  purposes  of comparison. Figure  4-4  is presented to  summarize standard
marine sediments versus acoustic properties, developed by Hamilton.  Refer to Volume I
for complete references.  The graph at the  bottom  of the figure shows  the analytical
function used to relate density to bottom loss (BL).  The slight deviations from the curve
are negligible in  comparison to the deviations for anomalous  sediments which were
polluted and contained gas.
                                     17
-------
                                                                 Sheet2
                                                           Trenton Channel Core Densities
                                                           Second Laboratory Measurements
                                                                                          Core Tube = 8.683 gm/cm
                                                                                          I.D Core = 6.69 cm.
Core Number

Location

Material

Weight(lb)

gms.

Length-cm

Volume
cmA3
Weight -
Core Tube
Density
gm/cm^S
Field Density
gm/cm* 3
Pollution
Factor
Core 1
Core 2
Core3
Core 4
CoreS
Core 6
Core?
CoreS
Core 9
Core 10
Core 1 1
Core 12
Core 1 3
Core 14
Core 15
Core 16
Core 17
Core 18
Core 19
Celeron
Celeron
Crys. Bay
Crys. Bay
Q E. Inner
Q.E. Inner
Q.E. Inner
Q.E. Outer
Q.E. Outer
Q.E. Outer
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
rBlk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon
Blk. Lagoon





Clay/Silly
Silt/Clay
Gravel/Sand
Rock/Gr.
Silty-Sand
Gravel
Clay/Tr.Gr.
Rock/Gr.
Sand-SmGr
Silty-Clay
Clay
Sandy Silt
Sandy Silt
Clay-Silt
4.65

3
3
10.4
10.6
9
hard
hard
4.1
hard
6.4
hard
0.75
12
2
9.625
10.2
5.4
2109.800

1361.162
1361.162
4718.693
4809.437
4083.485


1860.254

2903.811

340.290
5444.646
907.441
4367.060
4627.949
2450.091
29.84

23.49
22.22
92.5
100.33
76.53


27.002

66.04

7.62
58.4
16.5
72.39
73.66
41.91
1048.719
0
825.5496
780.9158
3250.887
3526.071
2689.626


948.9779

2320.958

267.8028
2052.452
579.888
2544.127
2588.761
1472.916
1850.7

1157.198
1168.225
3915.516
3938.272
3418.975


1625.796

2330.386

274.1259
4937.559
764.1715
3738.498
3988.359
2086.186
1.7647

1.4017
1.4960
1.2044
1.1169
1.2712
2.1000
2.2000
1.7132
2.0000
1.0041
2,2000
1.0236
2.4057
1.3178
1.4695
1.5406
1.4164




1.249
1.18
1.39
2.10
2.20
1.533
2
1.23
2.20
2.10
1.45
1.22
1.33
1.53
1.18




10
10
10
0
0
5
0
7
0
0
3
7
9
9
10
    oo
          Note: Pollution Factor is arbitary scale based on in field/laboratory absorption measurements, site observations, and 1994 core analysis

          Note: Core 15 weight seem to be in error.  Penetration of core eliminates calculated density
                                                    Den s i ty  Summa ry

caulfleld engineering
Figure  4-1
-------
                                                                       Core 9
                                                                        o
                                                                       Core 10
                                                                        O

                                                                    Core 10 - N 7H89.0
                                                                          E -(098540.0
                                                                        Core 9 - N 71477.0 E 4098481.0
Cores  5/6
 O
Core  7
 O
                                 Core 7 - N 71433.8 E 409839a8
 Core 5 - N 71407.2 E 4098345,6

 Core 6 - N 71408.0 E 4098346.1
                                                     Core  8
                                                      o
                                                      Core 8 - N 71376.0 E 4098447.0
                                                                                       CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                                                        QUEEN ELIZ.PK.-  CORE  LDC.
                                                                                       JDB'2060
                                                                                       DRN BY
                                                                                       DDC
                                                             DATE.
                                                             02/l5/%
                                                                            SCALE
SHEET
          REV.
                                                                                       DVG,  ND,  gQSO-CLDCl
                                            Core  Locations

                                               Figure 4-2
-------
  Core  19
   O
E 72988.4 E 4098786.4
    Core  11
      O N 73008.0 E 4098765.0
Core  12
  ^ N 72993.7 e 4098757.9
            Core  13
             ^ N 72917.2 E 4098747,8
          OCore  14
         N 72963.5 E 4098749.5
      Core  15
       0N
           72928.5 E 4098735.6
        O  Core 16
         N 72918.5 E 4098738.2
                             N 72943.2 E 4098816,7
                             Core  17
                              O
                             Core  18
                             N 72942.2 E 4098815.5
                                                        CAULFIELD ENGINEERING^
                                                        BLK. LAGnnN-mpF  i nri
                                                        JDBigQ6D
                                                       DRN BY
                                                        DDC
                                             DATE'
                                             02/15/96
SHEET
                                                           SCALE
         (REV.
                                                       DVG.  NG. gQ60-CLDCg
                  Core  Location
                    Figure  4-3
-------
                                   Sheetl
                  Bottom Loss - Standard Marine Sediments
Material
Density    Bottom   Impedance
          Loss
Sand-Coarse
Sand-Medium
Sand-Fine
Sand-Very Fine
Silty-Sand
Silt
Sand-Silt-Clay
Sandy-Silt
Clayey-Silt
Silty- Clay
Clay
Fluff
2.03
2.01
1.98
1.91
1.83
1.6
1.58
1.56
1.43
1.42
1.26
1.1
7.8
8.3
8.6
9.1
9.9
12
12.1
13.5
15.2
16.1
20.6
23
3734.7
3508.7
3443.3
3254.5
3063.3
2611.1
2493.9
2420.1
2198.9
2157.1
1891.1
1600
                      Bottom Loss vs. Density
                    Standard Marine Sediments
                        y = 0.0022X4 - 0.0454x3 + 0.4045X2 - 0.7418x + 8.2664
                             Density (gm/cmA3)
                             Figure  4-4
                                      21
-------
4.3   Processed Seismic Data Summary

       The processed seismic data at each core  site, partially given in Addendum -
Appendix Bl, has been summarized in tabular format data sheets for each core site.
Figure 4-5 provides an example of such a data sheet. The top of the figure gives the
prominent physical  properties such as density and core length.  The standard  marine
bottom loss for the specified density is given along with a 'Pollution Factor' term.  This
term has arbitrary values from 0 to 10, where 10 represents severely polluted.  This
pollution factor term is only a rough estimate, for Trenton Channel sediments, based on
the chemical  analysis performed on the cores taken at 1994 core sites. Future research
should examine the acoustic effects of pollutants under  laboratory  conditions when
specific pollutants are  added to clay sediments in  known amounts.   This 'Pollution
Factor' was assigned by reviewing the USEPA cores taken prior to the 1994 survey and
assigning a factor of 10 to the core sets which chemical  analysis showed to chemically
contaminated. Lower numbers were  assigned to cores which had  lower levels of
contaminates  relative to the  selected highest contaminated  ones.  Cores  that had no
contaminates  were assigned a factor of zero.  This factor has been derived based on this
site only and  care should be employed in using this factor in other sites without having
detailed chemically analyzed cores to establish base line references.

       Each frequency and receiver type is given on the left  side of Figure 4-5 with the
observed bottom loss and standard deviation for each observation.  The amplitude decay
ratio is only  determined from  the  CAL1  calibration output data, and the plus sign
percentage is  only available from the ACRS1 program.  The ACRS1 program generates
symbols representing if the reflection sign is plus or minus.  For reporting purposes, only
the positive sign percentage (the number of plus signs divided  by the total number of
traces in a file) is used.  Refer to Volume III, Appendix 3 for detailed description of the
operation and symbols used  in the ACRS1 program.

       The bottom of the chart in Figure 4-5,  presents the overall means and standard
deviation for each type of observation.  In some cases the  Massa receiver data means and
standard deviations were broken out as separate items. The  beam pattern for the Massa
receivers is more focused on the bottom than the omni-directional crystal phones.  The
Massa receiver data were used for comparison of the amplitude decay and the signs.
       Appendix B2 provides the complete set of  acoustic property tables for each core
site.
       Figure 4-6 provides an overall composite summary of the acoustic parameters
versus  core number and density.  The table in Figure 4-6 is derived from the tables in
Appendix B.  It is important to note that cores 5 through 10 were taken without the boat
being anchored. Great care was taken during data processing to select only data near the
core site.  The table in Figure 4-6 also presents the difference of observed bottom loss
                                       22
-------
                                                        Sheets (14)
                  ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                               Core Site 19
          Density =
          Core Leng
1.20
69.2
     cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
21
10
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0-ms
7.0 -crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

5.45
4.32
3.26
4.43

7.016
7.812
3.125
5.4687
Std. Dev.



2.64
5.956
1.184
2.074

0.796



Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.221
0.26
0.142
0.205





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







11.76
60.78
8.33
47.05
Comments












     ro
     CO
Means
Set Sldev.
5.110213
1.674478
2.53
2.047925
0.207
0.049105


31.98
25.97894


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.1815
0.055861


10.045
2.425376
                          Typical  Core Site  Sheet

                                  Figure 4-5
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                      Sheets
                 SUMMARY OF BOTTOM LOSS FINDINGS
                 VERSUS AMPL. RATIO & SIGN PERCENTAGE
   ro

Core Site


Core5
Core 6
Core?
Core8
Core 9
Core 10
Core 11
Core 12
Core 13
Core 14
Core 15
Core 16
Core 17
Core 18
Core 19

Density
gm/cmA3

1.29
1.18
1.39
2.00
2.20
1.53
2.00
1.23
2.20
2.00
1.45
1.22
1.40
1.53
1.20
Mean
Observ.
B.L.(db)

11.377
11.377
6.646
8.882
9.63
12.045
8.323
7.121
10.4
9.138
12.8
12.607
6.578
6.578
5.11
Bottom Loss
Difference
St.Mar-Obs

8.62
10.62
10.85
-0.68
-2.13
1.96
-0.12
13.88
-2.90
-0.94
2.20
8.39
11.42
7.42
15.89
Massa
Ampl.
Ratio

0.141
0.141
0.171
0.874
0.507
0.763
0.542
0.409
0.494
0.594
0.789
0.716
0.149
0.149
0.185
Massa
+ Sign
Percent

27.43
27.43
13.23
50.62
46.21
22.80
82.95
67.08
87.61
82.93
32.47
66.14
31.37
31.37
10.045
Overall
Ampl.
Ratio

0.141
0.141
0.171
0.874
0.507
0.763
0.551
0.390
0.898
0.631
0.789
0.670
0.265
0.265
0.207
Overall
+ Sign
Percent

27.43
27.43
13.23
50.62
46.21
22.80
67.21
67.48
70.00
71.26
41.25
60.79
44.58
44.58
31.98

Pollution
Factor

10
10
10
0
0
5
0
7
0
0
3
7
9
9
10
                 Note: Cores 5-10 have only one sensor as input.  Boat would not anchor.

                                    Overall  Acoustic  Parameter Summary  Chart

                                                  Figure  4-6
Caulfield Engineering
-------
from  'standard marine  sediments' bottom loss.  The data for the 'standard marine
sediments'  is provided in Section 4.2.  The data in Figure 4-6 is used as the basis for
establishing relationships  between  the  various  parameters and  is  discussed  in  the
following subsections.

4.3.1 Calibration Procedure Verification

       All  the computed acoustic parameters  were  based on the source and receiver
levels derived during the calibration program reported on in Volume I.  See Figure 7-17
in Volume  I. All levels checked  out except for the crystal receiver.  The receive level
should have been 108.35 rather than the 103.35 reported. The proper levels were used for
the data processed in this Volume II and Volume III.

       Figure  4-7  compares  the theoretical bottom  loss  for  the  non-polluted  core
locations with the observed bottom loss.  The mean deviation is only -1.354 db with a
standard deviation of 1.132 db.  Considering all the problems that occurred, this result is
remarkable. It confirms the validity of the quality assurance procedures and the Acoustic
Core  processing procedures.   Further,  it clearly  establishes that  the variation due to
pollution/gas that is  observed are in fact very real.

4.3.2 Bottom Loss Analysis

       The table given in Figure 4-8 shows the  computation of the difference in the
observed bottom  loss compared to 'standard  marine sediment'  bottom  loss.   The
difference in bottom loss between 'standard' and the observed are much greater than the
standard deviation of the data.

       Figure 4-9 is a comparison of bottom loss to the core physical density. Series 1
represent the theoretical 'standard marine sediments'   The point distributions about the
curve presented is what is normally  seen in non polluted sediments.  From region to
region in the country the curve sometimes has to be  adjusted for specific gravity  of the
material itself. However, this is normally well within 5 percent.  Series 2  shows the data
for the Trenton Channel.  It can be seen  that the higher density material is very close to
standard marine case.  As the density decreases, the deviation from normal increases and
is scattered. This deviation correlates with the gas and pollution  content of the material.
This plot supports the hypothesis that contaminants  are  generally associated with the
"soft fine grained sediments which have lower densities.

       Figure 4-10 is a comparison of the bottom loss difference between observed and
standard marine sediments to the qualitative pollution factor. It is important to note that
determining the exact causes of these deviations from normal as a function of the gas and
particular pollutants is beyond the scope of this  work. However, the existence of this

                                       25
-------
                                          Sheet4
                  COMPARISON NON-POLLUTED SITES TO STD. MARINE SEDIMENT
                                         BOTTOM LOSS
Core Number

CoreS
Core 9
Core 1 1
Core 13
Core 14
Density

2.00
2.20
2.00
2.20
2.00
Std. B.L.

8.2
7.5
8.2
7.5
8.2
Obs. B.L

8.8825
9.63
8.323
10.4
9.138
Difference

-0.6825
-2.13
-0.123
-2.9
-0.938
                                  Mean Difference               -1.3547
                                  Standard Deviation Difference   1.132654
                   Note: Indicates the goodness of Calibration and Computation
                       Procedures.
                                  Figure  4-7
                                             26
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                   Sheets
                   SUMMARY OF BOTTOM LOSS FINDINGS
                           TRENTON CHANNEL 1995

Core Site No.


CoreS
Core6
Core?
CoreS
Core9
Core 10
Core 1 1
Core 12
Core 13
Core 14
Core 15
Core 16
Core 17
Core 18
Core 19

Density
gmycmA3

1.29
1.18
1.39
2.00
2.20
1.53
2.00
1.23
2.20
2.00
1.45
1.22
1.40
1.53
1.20

Std. Mar.
B.L.(db)

20.00
22.00
17.50
8.20
7.50
14.00
8.20
21.00
7.50
8.20
15.00
21.00
18.00
14.00
21.00
Mean
Observ.
B.L.(db)

11.377
11.377
6.646
8.882
9.63
12.045
8.323
7.121
10.4
9.138
12.8
12.607
6.578
6.578
5.11
Mean
Observ.
Std.

2.0325
2.0325
1.444
2.444
2.13
2.38
1.399
2.108
1.299
3.424
2.68
3.331
2.197
2.19
2.53

Difference
St.Mar-Obs.

8.62
10.62
10.85
-0.68
-2.13
1.96
-0.12
13.88
-2.90
-0.94
2.20
8.39
11.42
7.42
15.89

Pollution
Factor

10
10
10
0
0
5
0
7
0
0
3
7
9
9
10
                      Diff.  Bottom  Loss Derivation Table

                                  Figure 4-8
                                     27
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                           Sheets
Density Vs. Bottom Loss (Std. & Obs)
?fi nn
3"
~o ie nn
in
in
5
o
em nn .
03
•; nn
0 00 •






•
4»
'-*-
i V
\
! \
A.


• •
• •
• •
•



»
• \v
"\
1
•



•
Lj

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.
Density (gnWcmA3)

• Seriesl
,.n BSeries2

                         Series 1 = Standard Marine Sediments
                         Series 2 = Trenton Channel Sediments
                                     Figure  4-9
                                             28
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                        Sheets
i
i
!
i
o
o
n
n
c
5
i =
o
i Q.
I
1
i
i
-5
Estimated Pollution Factor Vs. Delta Bottom Loss
1 "^
10
P

5


4







•

•


•
•







•
•















00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20
I
I
I
I
I
I

• Series 1


.00
\ Std. Marine - Observed Bottom Loss (db)
                                  Figure  4-10
                                           29
Caulfield Engineering
-------
deviation allowed classification of potentially polluted sediments.  This finding has only
been examined for the Trenton Channel study and must not be assumed valid for other
sites.

4.3.3 Amplitude Decay Ratio

       The Amplitude Decay Ratio is a gross measure  of absorption.  When plotted
against difference in bottom loss, Figure 4-11, a linear approximation is indicated.  The
straight line on the plot is a linear fit of the data points. It is important to recognize that
this result is  only  considered as a general trend.   The large variance in boat position,
hence sediment type, explains some of the variance.  In addition, examination of the ping
to ping variance could also be attributed to different amounts of gas.   The  higher
absorption (lower amplitude ratios) correspond to more polluted clay layers.

       Figure 4-12 is a three dimensional plot of the amplitude ratio (vertical axis) versus
pollution factor by core number.  The left portion is for normal non-polluted sediments
and the right, low  values,  are for the heavily polluted sediments.  The middle bars are
slightly higher than expected. It is believed that this is due to the fact that the data were
not corrected for layer  thickness.   Time did not allow for this correction. The black
squares in the legend plot are an anomaly of the plotting routine and have no significance.
Spectral analysis tools, such as the Caulfield  Engineering 'Digital Spectral Analysis
System (DSA10),' are available to  refine these gross trends identified.  However, the
amount of data processing is quite large and was beyond the scope of this contract.

4.3.4 Plus Sign Percentage

       The plus sign percentage is lowest when the gas content is highest and there  is a
phase reversal of the bottom  reflection. Phase reversal occurs when the boundary  is a
pressure release surface, where  the reflecting  layer is less  dense than the incident layer.
The best example is the water-air surface where there is always a 180 degree phase shift.
Figure 4-13 compares the plus percentage  to  the  difference in bottom loss (defined
above).  This curve, like the amplitude ratio,  shows that the largest deviation in bottom
loss, highest  gas content,  has the lowest  plus  sign percentage or the largest negative
reflection coefficients. The line plotted through the data is a linear fit of the data points.

       Figure 4-14 is a three dimensional bar graph of the  plus percentage (vertical axis)
versus the pollution factor by core  numbers.  The data on  the left is the non-polluted
sediments and the data on the right is the highest polluted clay samples. Again, time did
not allow for correction for slight  deviations in layer  thickness, which  would have
corrected the middle points.  The black and white squares  in the legend block are an
anomaly of the plotting routine and have no significance.  The Plus  Sign Axis is the
vertical axis in this Figure 4-14.
                                        30
-------
    1r
  0.9




  0.8



  0.7




  0.6
cc

S.5I
D.



^0.4
  0.3



  0.2



  0.1



   0
       x
X
  X
                           Ampl. Ratio vs. Delta Bottom Loss
               x
              x
    -5
                       5             10
                       Delta Bottom Loss
15
20
                                 Figure 4-11


                                       31
-------
                                              Sheetl
                    Amplitude Ratio vs Pollution Factor by Core Number
            Core Number
D Series 1
• Series2
DSeries3
DSeries4
• SeriesS
DSeriesS
• Series?
D SeriesS
• SeriesS
• SeneslO
DSeriesH
                                               Pollution Factor
             Series 1-11 represents Pollution Factor 0-10
                                 Figure  4-12
                                                  32
Caulfield Engineering
-------
Plus Sign Percentage vs. Delta Bottom Loss
           5             10
         Delta Bottom Loss (db)
15
20
         Figure 4-13

                33
-------
                                               Sheetl
                      Plus Sign Percentage vs Pollution Factor by Core
                                         Number
             Core Number
                                                                V90
                                                   Pollution Factor
|D Series 1
 • Series2
 DSenesS
 DSeries4
 • SeriesS
 DSenes6
 • Series?
 nSeriesS
 • Series9
 • Series 10
 DSeries 11
                                   Figure  4-14
             Series 1-11 represents Pollution Factor 0-10
                                                  34
Caulfield Engineering
-------
4.3.5 Acoustic Parameters Summary

      The data presented above should be considered only as general trends due to the
electrical and boat handling problems encountered during the survey.   However, the
trends do suggest the potential for identifying polluted and/or gas containing sediments in
the Trenton Channel.  In application, when the bottom loss is low, more sound is being
reflected back to the receiver, one normally would assume a very  hard or rocky bottom.
In a normal marine case of a hard or rocky bottom the reflection sign would be positive
(plus percentage high). However, when the plus percentage is low, indicating negative
reflection coefficients (indicating gas), one can readily assume the that low bottom loss is
due to gas/polluted sediments.  Cross referencing with the absorption can then provide a
rough classification of the sediment type and the potential for pollution/gas. The ability
to have some geotechnical data on the cores while in the field confirms the process.

      The data processed to date has concentrated on the 3.5 KHz and 7.0 KHz data.
The boomer low frequency data, which was used to aid in layer identification, can also be
used for classification.  Time did not allow for processing the boomer data in the same
detail as above.
          ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS SUMMARY AS A FUNCTION
                             OF BOTTOM STATE

Sediment Type      Density      Bottom Loss   Reflection Sign    Absorption
                   (g/cmA3)          (db)                           (db/m)

  Clean Clay           1.3           -20 (High)      + (High+%)        Low
 Polluted Clay         1.3           -8 (Low)       - (Low+%)      Very High
     Clean             2.1           -8 (Low)       + (High+%)      Medium
  Sand/Rock
      It is also important to note that most pollutants lodge in clays and silty-sands and
do not lodge in sands.
                                      35
-------
5.0  DETAILED CROSS-SECTIONS AT CORE

      SITES

      At each core site detailed cross-sections were generated providing material
identification by layer and depth.  All core site cross-sections are provided in Appendix
B3. Note that Cores 5 and 6 were at the same seismic site. Likewise, Cores  17/18 were
at the same seismic site.

      Figure 5-1 provides an example of the core site cross-section.  For this site, two
cores were taken.  The  material legend is given  in the upper-right hand comer of the
drawing.  Potentially polluted materials have the hatching rotated 90 degrees with respect
to non-polluted sediments.  The depth, in meters, below the water surface is provided.
The major layering is indicated with the hatching defining layer type. The  actual core
stratigraphy is plotted on the left-hand side.

      In this particular  example, the predominant material is sandy/silt with fluff on the
bottom surface.  The location,  physical  properties, and major acoustic parameters are
provided  in the tables located at the top left of the drawing. A relative pollution factor
comment is provided to the right of the bottom cross-section.  The amount of drift of the
boat is provided in meters. Even with a drift of only 0.405 meters, the bottom structure is
beginning to vary, confirming the spatial resolution  required to fully understand these
complex structures.
                                      36
-------
OBSERVATION
CDRE 17
CORE 18
 NORTHING
  EASTING
  CDRE LENGTH
  DENSITY
  BDT. LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
   PERCENT.
                  1.000 METERS
        CDRE 17/18
                                  Ul
                                  (J
                                  b
                                  a
                                                                                       SEDIMENT
                                                                                               LEGEND
                                                                                               FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                                             POLLUTED
                                                                                                             SEDIMENT
                                                                               CLAY

                                                                               SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                               CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                               SILT
                                                                               SILTY SAND TD
                                                                               SANDY SILT
                                                                                               SAND
                                                                                               HARD/COMPACT
                                      3.65  _,
                                      4.38  _
                                      5.11
                                      5.B3
                                       6.56  -
                                       7.29  J
                                                                             PDLLUTinN FACTHR HIGH
                                    :,^7"v'iV,^S;-Sf.^^'^.r-V^V^'.-l-vS;i-
                                    'rs..»'^.:-^- ---i
                                                       -0.405 M
                                                                                       CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                                                                        CDRE  17/18 SUMMARY SHEET
                                                                                       JDBi £060
                                                                                       DRN BY
                                                                                        DDC
                                                                             DATE-
                                                                                  SHEET
                                                                                             SCALE
                                                                                             REV.
                                                                                       DVG. ND. gQ6Q-CR17/18
                                     Typical  Core Site  Cross-Section

                                                 Figure  5-1
-------
6.0   DIRECT CORE VELOCITY/ABSORPTION

       Caulfield Engineering provided, at no cost and not as part of the contract,  a new
prototype Direct Core Velocity/Absorption System for use in confirming and aiding in
calibration  of the polluted/gas  containing sediments.  This system allowed the direct
measurement of both velocity and absorption in the core as soon as it was brought on
board the  boat.  This allows verification of gas content, which normally would have
escaped by the time normal laboratory geotechnical analysis was carried out. Because of
the prototype nature of this system, data had to logged manually.   Therefore,  the data
should be reviewed for trends and not absolute values.

       The system consisted of a steel frame that allowed the core to be firmly mounted
in the center. A transmitter and receiver crystal was mounted on sliding rods on each side
of the core. The position of the water-sediment interface with respect to the bottom of the
core was logged and the positions of the measuring transducer with respect to the bottom
were also logged.  Data acquired at each position included the travel time (velocity), the
amplitude setting and the gain setting (absorption).  At each core layer multiple  readings
were taken  so that statistical processing could be undertaken.  The operating frequency of
the system  was 330  KHz.  A similar production system was used  by USAGE-WES to
confirm the results.  Unfortunately, this production system operated at 600 KHz and the
absorption at this frequency was so large that no data were acquired. This was actually a
positive result as it confirmed the high absorption parameters that were observed by the
Caulfield system and by the seismic  data in polluted areas.  These measurements were
only taken on seven (7) cores due to time limits and insufficient sample volume for some
of the cores.

       The original field log for this data was reported in Volume I. The analysis sheets
for the  velocity and absorption observations for  all processed cores are provided in
Appendices B3 and B4, respectively.   The following sub-sections will review the
observations obtained in detail for cores 5, 6, 7, 10,  12, 18, and 19.

6.1   Core Velocity  Measurement Review

       Figure 6-1  shows the form  developed to estimate the velocity across the core at
the various location along the  core.   Note that all position point measurements were
referenced to the bottom of the core in the field.   For reporting purposes the position
(depth) down the core from the water sediment interface is also presented in Column 2 of
Figure 6-1.  The actual field  positions of the transmitter and receiver, referenced to the
                                      38
-------
                                                           Sheet"!
                   ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
 CORE NO:
 Core Dens ity:
 Core Material:

           Est.
 Material   Depth
          Below Bot
           cm.
Page 1 POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
1.29
Clay/Silt

Frequency - 330 KHz


10
0.073



From Core Bot.
Xmit
Position
cm.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta T Delta!
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec
System
Offset
micro-sec
IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water










Sediment







-10










5







103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5



89
89
89
89
87.5



103.5
101.5
102
102.5
104
105
106
107



89
90
91
89
90



7.3
7.569016
7.452516
7.368175
7.317103
7.452516
7.716217
8.095678



7.3
7.368175
7.569016
7.3
7.716217



100
110
60
80
mov->
90
mov->
mov->



36
60
36
36
36





100

140
160
145
144



96
100
100
108
96











10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Mean velocity


160
176
179
160



10
10
10
10
10
Mean Velocity




811.1111
756.9016
1490.503
1052.596

931.5645





2807.692
1473.635
2911.16
2807.692
2967.776





2484.172

1688.562
1490.503
1714.715
1812.465
1423.309


2546.512
2456.058
2523.005
2234.694
2691.703
2481.806













2433.333
221933
2239.354
2433.333




                                            Fi gure  6-1
corvel - core 05-1
-------
bottom of the core, are also given. Knowing the diameter of the core, and after correction
for wall thickness, the actual  transmission path was computed (Distance Xmt-Rec.,
Column 5, Figure 6-1).

       Because of the  high frequency and short time intervals  involved, the  standard
Acoustic Core digitizer could not be used for this prototype.  The data was displayed on
an  oscilloscope  and the travel  time  to  the  various  peaks was read along with the
amplitude of the peak signal and the gain  setting.  These latter items  are discussed in the
following absorption sub-section. The multiple peaks existed because of multiple echoes
inside of the tube. These multiples are called the 1st arrival (direct), the 2nd arrival and so
forth. The various reading, in microseconds, were placed in the appropriate columns on
the chart shown in Figure 6-1.  It is important to note that because of the  weak signal
levels and the prototype nature of the system, these placement may not always be correct.
However, by taking many  observation,  the approximate estimate  can be determined
through averaging all of the possible velocities computed from the data.  These computed
velocity estimates are shown in the leftmost three columns. For example, in the example
in Figure 6-1, the mean velocity of water came out to be 1423.3 meter/second.   Slightly
low from the normal velocity of water, which is 1459.2 meter/second.  The lower value is
expected due to migrating gas  from the  core  into the water column. The tests at the
multiple compensated for any arrivals coming from the plastic tube.  The velocity of the
plastic is much higher than water and would raise observed velocities if the plastic had
any effect on the readings.

       To ensure an independent calibration of the  velocity system, the core tube was
removed and the velocity of the air gap was measured.  Figure 6-2 presents  the table for
the air calibration. The air velocity was 317.39 meters/second.  The ideal velocity for air
is 330 meters/second at ideal temperature and humidity.  This measurement showed that
the system was working properly.

       Figure 6-3 provides a summary table for the velocity reading taken from seven (7)
cores.  The second column is the water velocity observed. As was noted, this velocity is
slightly low.  Part of this can be explained by the gas escaping into the water  from the
core and part is the prototype nature of the device. The third column provides the mean
velocities observed and the fourth column the ideal velocity of standard marine sediments
for the density measured.  The  next columns present  the difference from ideal and the
absolute difference from  ideal.  Also  shown is the observed  bottom loss  and the
difference in bottom  loss from ideal. The ideal bottom loss data was  obtained by using
the core data density and using Hamilton's 1970 data for average bottom loss for standard
marine sediments. The plus percentage  and amplitude decay ratio are also presented.
These latter numbers are taken from the tables presented in Section 4.0.

       Figure  6-3B  shows  the ideal  sediment plot of velocity versus density,  while
Figure  6-4  shows  the observed  velocity  versus  density measured with  the  core
velocimeter  system.  The  general trend of both plots shows that velocity increases  as
                                        40
-------
                                                             Sheets
                    ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
 AIR CALIBRATION
                                                         Frequency - 330 KHz
           Est.
 Material   Depth     Xmit     Receiver  Distance
          Below Bot  Position   Position    Xmt-Rec.
            cm.       cm.      cm.        cm.
 IstArr.   2ndArr.  3rd Arr.   System    IstArr.
Delta T   Delta!    Delta T   Offset    Velocity
micro-sec, micro-sec  micro-sec  micro-sec  m/sec
 2nd Arr.   3rd Arr.
Velocity   Velocity
 m/sec     m/sec
Air






0






50






50






7.3






240





10

Published Air Velocity = 330 m/sec.
















317.3913




















                                           Core  Velocimeter Calibration  -  Air
                                                        Figure 6-2
corvel - Air Calibration
-------
                                                        Sheetl
                                    CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY SHEET
ro
Seismic
Mean Ideal Diff. Std. Abs. Diff Observed Diff. Std. Plus
Core No Water Density Sediment Sediment Velocity Velocity Bot. Loss Bot. Loss Percent Ampl.
Vel.m/sec g/cmA3 Vel.m/sec Vel.m/sec m/sec m/sec db db Sign Ratio







5
6
7
10
12
18
19
1423.3

893.7
1351.9
1303.6
1342.1
1280.2
1.29
1.18
1.39
1.53
1.23
1.53
1.20
1531.3
1623.4
1842.9
2130.9
1940.6
1487.9
1252.2
1510
1500
1540
1677
1505
1600
1505
21.3
123.4
302.9
453.9
435.6
-112.1
-252.8
21.3
123.4
302.9
453.9
435.6
112.1
252.8
11.37
11.41
6.64
9.64
7.12
6.57
5.11
8.62
10.62
10.85
1.96
13.88
7.42
15.89
27.43
27.51
13.23
22.8
67.08
31.37
10.04
0.141
0.144
0.171
0.763
0.409
0.149
0.185
Means 1265.8
Stdev. 188.7516
Theorectical 1450.0
                                            Figure  6-3
   corvelsum
-------
                                                        Chart4
                                            Standard Velocity Vs. Density
f.f. * -' *


: ••.•? " • • "






' *


;-:_ .= =y-_j;









^'^fj;;=i vri









v^i4;





























J>'v -":._Ir










1 1.2 1.3 1-4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Density
                                                      Figure  6-3g
corvelsum - std. vel vs. density
-------
                                                              Charts
                                                   Core Velocity vs Density
      2200
      2100
      2000
      1900
    o
    OJ
    w
*  8
    2
    o
   o
      1500
      1400
      1300
1.1         1.2         1.3         1.4
                                                                   1.5

                                                             Density (g/cm*3)
1.6         1.7        1.8         1.9
corvelsum - core vel.vs density
                                                           Figure  6-4
-------
density  increases.  The high variance of cores  exhibiting anomalous  standard marine
sediments is in part due to the prototype system and in part due to variations in other
geophysical properties or chemical contamination.  The curves presented in this section
must be reviewed for gross trends only.  This variance in  observed velocity explains in
part the high spatial variance seen in the Trenton Channel sediments and is possibly due
to different concentrations of gas and or pollutants.

       Figure 6-5 shows the difference between observed and standard  marine sediment
velocities plotted against the difference between observed and standard  marine sediment
bottom  loss.  The general  trend  is for delta velocity to increase as delta bottom loss
increases.  This plot  further confirms the hypothesis that increased pollution/gas may
cause increased deviation of the Trenton Channel  sediment acoustic properties from those
of standard marine sediments.

6.2    Core Absorption  Observations

       The relative amplitude and gain levels of the traverse signal through the core were
recorded while taking the velocity data. Figure 6-6 shows the compilation of this data on
an analysis sheet. The gain settings were logged along with the signal levels in volts.
The corrected levels referenced  to 1  volt were computed and this data was normalized to
0 db absorption for water.  The  last column converted these values into decibels (db) per
meter. It is important to note that these db/meter values are extremely high.  The absolute
values should not be considered final because of the prototype nature of the system. Only
the general trends should be reviewed. Appendix B4 provides the analysis sheets for the
seven (7) cores examined.

       Figure 6-7 provides  a summary of the absorption values  observed along with the
acoustic properties for each  core site processed. Figure 6-8 presents the observed relative
absorption  versus  the  observed difference in  bottom  loss  from 'standard marine
sediments.' The linear fit curve demonstrates the direct relationship between absorption
and deviation in bottom loss.  An increase in absorption is associated with an increase in
delta bottom loss, which corresponds to increased pollution and or gas in the sediment.
Again, the deviation from the line are due  in part to the prototype nature  of the measuring
device and possibly the variations in gas and pollution.

      Figure 6-9 displays the relationship between absorption and plus sign percentage.
The plot of these data demonstrates  that  almost  all  the cores contained gas.  Low plus
sign  percentages correspond to negative reflection coefficients, which  indicates  the
presence of gas in the sediment.

      Figure 6-10 shows the plot of absorption versus amplitude decay ratio. This data
set confirms that those areas of high absorption  observed  in the seismic data also have
high absorption as observed with the independent core absorption monitoring system.

                                       45
-------
                                                            Chartl
                                   ABS(Velocity Diff.) Vs. Delta B.L. from Standard B.L.
      20
      18
en
cd  12
•o
re

S  10
(0
   -  8
   J
   00
   !t
   Q  6
                   50
                           100
150
200        250        300

 ABS(Velocity Diff.) (m/sec)
                                                                                     350
400
450
500
corvelwum - vel.diff vs. BL diff
                                                         Figure  6-5
-------
                                                     Sheetl
                   CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
         CORE NO:
POLLUTION FACTOR
Sample Diamter:
  10
0.073 meters
Core Density: 1.29
Core Material: Clay/Silt Frequency - 330 KHz
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
-10
5
30
33
60
630
1500
1500
1700
1500
66
83.4
83.4
84
83.4
5
3.75
3.25
4.6
1
13.9
11.5
10.2
13.3
0
52.1
71.9
73.2
70.7
83.4
0
19.8
21.1
18.6
31.3
0
271.2329
289.0411
254.7945
428.7671
                                             Mean Loss            22.7

                                             Mean Absorption/Meter       310.9589
                             Analysis Log for  Absorption Analysis
                                         Figure  6-6
corabsOS
-------
                                                          Sheetl
                            CORE ABSORPTION SUMMARY SHEET
          Cores missing were sand or two short for analysis.
Mean Mean
Core No. Absorp Absorb Density Bot. Loss Diff. B.L + Sign Ampl. Pollution
Core Tube db/m g/cmA3 db db Percent. Ratio Factor
5
6
7
10
12
18
19
22.7
18.7
22.5
21.4
32.4
29.5
27.7
310.9
256.1
308.4
292.8
443.2
404.1
379.4
1.29
1.18
1.39
1.53
1.23
1.53
1.20
11.37
11.37
6.65
12.04
7.12
6.57
5.11
8.62
10.62
10.85
1.96
13.88
7.42
15.89
27.43
27.51
13.23
22.80
67.08
31.37
10.04
0.141
0.15
0.171
0.763
0.39
0.265
0.207
10
10
10
5
7
10
10
   -p.
   oo
                                             Figure  6-7
corabsum
-------
                                                       Charts
                                    Delta Bottom Loss Ms. Observed Absorption
                                     10
15             20
Observed Absorption
30
35
                                                    Figure 6-8
corabssum - dev from std.B.L.
-------
                                                       Chartl
      100



       90



       80



       70
   O)
   OJ
   -•— »
   0)


°  c
   D>

   C/)
   V)
      10
       0
                                       Sign Percentage Vs. Observed Absorption
         0
                                                                                                         Seriesl
                                   10           15           20

                                            Observed Absorption (db)


                                             Figure  6-9
25
30
35
corabssum- ampl. ratio
-------
                                                         Charts
                                         Ampl. Ratio Vs. Observed Absorption
      0.9
      0.8
      0.7
      0.6
    o
   •a
    a

    E
      oy
      0.3
      0.2
      0.1
                                     10
 15            20


Observed Absorption
25
30
35
                                                  Fi gure  6-10
corabssum - ampl. ratio
-------
7.0   PRELIMINARY AREA FINDINGS

       At the completion of the calibration (Volume I), and core analysis (Volume II),
sufficient  data existed  to  prepare initial  summarized  cross-section  and area plots of
depositional sediment distribution with indications of areas of possible  pollution/gas
distribution  in the  Elizabeth Park  and Black  Lagoon  survey areas.  The  following
subsections will provide this summary.  Final cross sectional survey line plots of the
study areas describing sediment distribution by density grouping (sand, silt, clay etc.) are
presented in Volume III. Also presented in Volume III are estimates  of the volume and
location of depositional sediment. The information presented illustrates the form of
preliminary site data before  extensive data interpretation  of the seismic cross-sections
was undertaken.

7.1    Elizabeth Park  Summary

       Figure 7-1 is the summary overview of Elizabeth Park survey area.  The plan view
was digitized from the NOAA maps for the region. The dot-dashed  lines represent the
water depth contours, the  water  depth contour interval is 1.82  meter.  Areas  of high
'Pollution Factor' have 'P' and areas of medium 'Pollution Factor' have a  small 'p'.
Areas of high fluff are designated by  'F', and thin layers of fluff by 'f. Note that a small
T is missing from drawing to the top right of the intersection of sectional lines 'A and
B'.  The sectional plots are shown on the bottom and to the right of the plan view. In the
cross-sectional views,   the  bottom  depth  profile is  given as a solid line and the
depositional sediment depths are shown with a dashed line.  The difference in depth
between the solid and dashed lines  indicates the depositional sediment thickness.  All
depths are in meters.

       The main deep water  portion  is almost  free of depositional sediment, with only a
thin layer on the top right and top left of the plan view.  In the top right area there is a thin
layer of fluff on top indicating that the shoaling at the bottom portion of the plan view
forms  a  river current  void  allowing the particles to settle to the bottom  forming
depositional sediment.

       The Elizabeth Park  channel is polluted,  as shown by sediment core analysis. There
is  a sand and rock  shoal at the entrance of the channel which effectively forms a water
current void allowing the contaminated sediment to settle behind the shoal.
                                       52
-------
                                 T7
                               a  a) *»•
                                  


                                                          NOTE 2' Pollution 
-------
7.2    Black Lagoon Summary

       Figure 7-2 is the summary overview of Black Lagoon survey area. The plan view
was digitized from the NOAA maps for the region. The dot-dashed lines  represent the
water bottom  contours, the water  bottom contour interval  is  1.82.   Areas of high
'Pollution Factor' have  'P' and areas of medium  'Pollution  Factor' have a  small 'p'.
Areas of high fluff are designated by 'F', and thin layers of fluff by T.  The sectional
plots are shown on the bottom and to the right of the plan view. The water bottom depth
profile and shoreline is given as a solid line and the polluted sediment zones are  shown
with a dashed line. The difference between the solid and dashed lines is the depositional
sediment thickness.  All depths are in meters.

       The area consists of a large sand shoal in the middle right of the plan view. This
shoal effectively  makes the portion to the left of the  shoal a  settling  pond.   This
hypothesis is confirmed  by the existence of fluff on the bottom.  The  heavier particles,
sand and silt, predominantly settle just to the  left  of the sand shoal.   The lighter clay
particles are deposited along the shore and in the small bay on the  top left of the plan
view.  This small bay is  surrounded  with a sand ridge (dotted line)  which traps  the
contaminated depositional  sediment  within the  small bay.  Eddy currents cause the clay
particles to be carried into this small bay.

       In the center and deeper area, there are various pockets  of depositional sediments.
These pockets are on the north side of shallower bottom features. An example of this is
the bottom rise at the intersection of the Sectional  B line with the bottom of the plan.
This variation  in  depositioal  sediment pockets was confirmed by  the detailed  coring
program.  There is no deposition on the deeper side of the shoal that is adjacent to  the
main channel.  Currents must be sufficient to flush any deposits in this area.

       The discovery of fluff on the bottom is extremely important in understanding the
sedimentation rates of the  pollutants.  It is strongly suggested that micro-current meter
surveys be conducted to confirm the settling pond concept. These fluff deposits exhibited
in the seismic records and were confirmed in the cores.
                                       54
-------
                                          PQ

                                          2
                                          a
                                          i—*
                                          i—
                                          u
                                          LJ
 NOTE 4i    C  = CLAY

          SS = SILTY/SAND

          SL = SILT
                                                          NOTE 3' Fluff  Pollution (P-Hlgh,p-MecO

                                                          NOTE li CDNTDURS 8 1,82 M INTRV
SECTION A-A
                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                          ELK.  LAGDPN -  DVERVIFW
                                                          JOB'2060
                                                         DRN BY

                                                          DDC
     DATE'

     3/19/96
SHEET
                   SCALE
         REVi
DVG. ND, gQ60-BLKSL
                   Figure 7-2
-------
8.0   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

       The detailed analysis carried out has confirmed the following:

       •  Calibration Verification - The calibration procedures carried out in Volume I of
         this project were confirmed.   The observed bottom loss at non-polluted sites
         matched theoretical bottom loss for these sediment types within the quality
         assurance program criteria. The offset from theoretical bottom loss was only -
         1.35 db with a standard deviation of 1.326 db.

       •  Acoustic  Properties - The  acoustic properties derived  from the observations
         confirmed relationships between these properties and the  gross pollution/gas
         content. The deviation of observed bottom loss from standard marine sediment
         bottom loss appeared proportional to the amount of pollutant and/or gas in the
         sediment.  Further research is needed before this hypothesis can be confirmed.

         Gas content affected the reflection sign of the bottom signal. The percentage of
         phase reversal was grossly proportional to  the  level  of pollution/gas in the
         Trenton  Channel sediments,  suggesting that the areas of high pollution had
         higher gas content. In addition, it was observed that gas containing sediments
         had a higher reflection coefficient (bottom  loss) than the same  sediment
         without gas.

       •  Independent On-Site Core Velocity and  Absorption -  These  independent
         measurements confirmed the acoustic property relationships.  A gross measure
         of absorption is the energy loss from the first to the second layer corrected for
         reflection  coefficients.   This has been approximated  by a term  called the
         amplitude decay ratio in this report.  Areas  of high  pollution had a lower
         amplitude ratio, with the amplitude of the second layer being much smaller
         than the first.  Absorption losses are caused primarily  by gas  content and by
         changes  in the  bonding of the grains of the sediments  (pollution) and the
         sediment porosity (water content) (Hamilton, 1972)

         A prototype  core velocity/absorption system was used in the field on the cores
         immediately after retrieval  of the cores from the bottom. These measurements
         independently confirmed the  observed trends seen in the seismic data.   A
         second independent Core  Velocity/Absorption System used by the USAGE
         confirmed that the absorption was abnormally high.

                                       56
-------
      •  Spatial Variability - The spatial variability of sediments in the Trenton Channel
         was confirmed. The variation was as small as two meters in some cases. This
         core/seismic analysis confirmed sediment structure changes spatially,  within
         meters, in the Trenton Channel. This variation was due in part to the complex
         current structures and geology, and in part to the anomalous sediments. This
         variation led to extensive additional processing of the data in order to  obtain
         meaningful results.

      •  Sediment Deposition Mechanism   The  discovery of fluff on top  of the
         sediments suggests  possible deposition.  Detailed processing of the acoustic
         data confirmed the existence of suspended fluff just above and on the bottom.
         This strongly  suggested that current patterns in areas such as Black Lagoon
         generated a settling pond, concentrating sediment  particles that are suspended
         in the river  flow.  These  fluff  and suspended  sediments occurred  in  all
         depositional areas and were most prevalent in Black Lagoon.

      Analysis of these data indicate that special arrays should be assembled for future
surveys to narrow the effective beam pattern.  This would allow better handling of the
spatial variation problems.  Also, a  higher frequency system, such as 24  KHz  would
allow better definition  of the fluff layers.

      The large amount of data processing required, even eliminating the boat handling
and electrical problems, was due to the high spatial variation in these sediments.  The
Acoustic  Core0 procedure,  discussed in  this report, is a method for the economical
definition of these sediments.  The cost of coring at the close spacing required,  due to
spatial variation, would be enormous.
                                       57
-------
9.0  BIBLIOGRAPHY

      The following documents have been used in the preparation of this report.

Breslau, L.R, 1965, "Classification of Sea-Floor Sediments with a Ship-borne Acoustical
      System", Proc. Symp, "Le Petrole et la Mer", Sect. I, No. 132, pp 1-9, Monaco,
      1965, (Also: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Contrib. No. 1678, 1965).

Caulfield Engineering, 1995,  "Micro Survey-Acoustic  Core and Physical  Core Inter-
      relations with  Spatial Variation  - Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Field
      Activities and Calibration  Documentation",  Volume I, Caulfield Engineering,
      December 30, 1995, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield Engineering, 1997,  "Micro Survey-Acoustic  Core and Physical  Core Inter-
      relations with Spatial Variation - Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Normal
      and Contaminated  Sediment  Distribution  Maps",  Volume  III,  Caulfield
      Engineering, December 30,  1995, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield,  D. D., and Yim, Y.C.,  1983, "Predictions of Shallow Subbottom Sediment
      Acoustic Impedance Sediment while Estimating Absorption and Other Losses",
      Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 19(1), 44-50.

Farara,  D.G.,  and  Burt,  A.J.,   1993,  BEAK  Consultants  Report:  Environmental
      Assessment of  Detroit  River  Sediments  and  Benthic  Macroinvertebrate
      Communities  - 1991. Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy, London,
      Ontario.

Giesy, J.P., Graney,  R.L., Newsted. J.L.,  Rosiu, C.J., Benda, A., Kreis, Jr., R.G.  and
      Horvath, F.J.  1988, Comparison of  Three Sediment Bioassay  Methods using
      Detroit River Sediments.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:483-498.

Hamilton,  E. L., 1970, "Reflection Coefficients and Bottom Losses at Normal Incidence
      Computed from Pacific Sediment Properties", Geophysics 35, 995-1004.

Hamilton,  E.  L., 1972,  "Compressional-wave  Attenuation  in  Marine  Sediments",
      Geophysics 37(4), 620-646.

Helstrom,  C. W. , 1960, "Statistical Theory of Signal Detection", Pergamon  Press, New
      York.

                                      58
-------
Long, E.R. and L.G. Morgan.  1990. The Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment-
      sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and Trends Program.  NOAA
      Tech. Memo. NOS OMA 62.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
      Seattle, Wa. 174pp.

Michigan Department  of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).  1987.  Stage  1  Report:
      Remedial Action Plan for Detroit River Area of Concern.  Surface Water Quality
      Division, Lansing Michigan.

Officer, C. B., 1958, "Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmission", McGraw-Hill,
      New York.

Persaud, D.,  Jaagumagi, R.. and Hayton, A. 1993. Guidelines for the Protection and
      Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario. Water Resources  Branch,
      Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario.

Urick. R. J., 1983, "Principles of Underwater Sound", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and  Environment Canada (USEPA  and EC).
      1988.  Final Report: Upper Great lakes  Connecting Channels Study Volume 2.
      December 1988.  pp. 447-591.
                                      59
-------
             APPENDIX Bl

   DETAILED EXAMPLES OF ANALYSIS
          AT EACH CORE SITE
AVALIABLE FOR REVIEW AT U.S.EPA/CBSSS,
             Grosse lie, Mi.
-------
          APPENDIX B2

SUMMARY OF ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
       AT EACH CORE SITE
                B2-1
-------
                                                              Sheets
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 5
          Density =
          Core Leng
1.249
 92.5
      cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
20
10
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0-ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0-ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)



11.129




11.625

Std. Dev.





2.922




1.143

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)




0.141





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %










27.43
Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





     CD
     ro
     i
     ro
Means
Set Stdev.
11.377
0.350725
2.0325
1.257943
0.141



27.43



Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (2)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 6
          Density =
          Core Leng
 1.18
101.5  cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
22
10
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5-ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5-ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
BotLoss

(db)



11.129




11.625

Std. Dev.





2.922




1.143

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)




0.141





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %










27.43
Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





      CD
      f\>
      I
      CO
Means
Set Stdev.
11.377
0.350725
2.0325
1.257943
0.141



27.43



                    Note: Same data as for Core 5
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                            Sheet3 (3)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                Core Site 7
          Density =
          Core Leng
 1.39
85.85  cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
17.5
  10
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5-ms
3.5 -crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)



7.2911




6.002

Std. Dev.





0.6875




2.2015

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)




0.171





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %










13.23
Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





     oo
     r>o
     i
Means
Set Stdev.
6.64655
0.911531
1.4445
1.07056
0.171



13.23



Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                               Sheets (4)
                     ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                  Core Site 8
           Density =
           Core Leng
2.00
   0
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
8.2
  0
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 -crys
Bot.Loss

(db)



8.954




8.811

Std. Dev.





1.843




3.046

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)



0.874






Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %









50.62

Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





      CO
      ro
Means
Set Stdev.
8.8825
0.101116
2.4445
0.850649
0.874



50.62



Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (5)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 9
          Density =
          Core Leng
2.20
   0
Std. Marine B. L. =
Pollution Factor =
7.50
   0
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5-ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0-crys
BotLoss

(db)

10.07




9.19



Std. Dev.



2.39




1.87



Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.507








Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







30.17
62.25


Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





     oo
     ro
Means
Set Stdev.
9.63
0.622254
2.13
0.367696
0.507



46.21
22.68399


Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                              Sheets (6)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 10
           Density =
           Core Leng
1.53
37.0
     cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
14.0
   5
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

12.48




11.61



Std. Dev.



2.16




2.6



Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.763








Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







22.8



Comments





Only one observat.
frequency/receiver





      DO
      rv>
      i
Means
Set Stdev.
12.045
0.615183
2.38
0.311127
0.763



22.8



Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (7)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 11
          Density =
          Core Leng
2.00
   0
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor:
8.2
  0
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 -crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

9.68
8.66
8.49
7.691

6.53
7.99
10.57
8.33
Std. Dev.



2.69
0.854
1.398
2.81

0.727

1.21

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.537
0.469
0.548
0.638





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







96.31
29.41
69.6
73.52
Comments









Sign Noisy


     CD
     ro
      i
     CO
Means
Set Stdev.
8.323
1.218994
1.3998
0.832954
0.551667
0.08456


67.21
27.81593


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.5425
0.007778


82.955
18.88682
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                              Sheets (8)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 12
           Density =
           Core Leng
 1.23
66.04 cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
21
 7
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 -crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

9.49

7.56
4.95

11.41

5.528
3.792
Std. Dev.



2.47

2.99
3.18

1.43

1.92
0.66
Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.475

0.343
0.352





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







73.52

60.65
68.29
Comments












      CO
      IN)
Means
Set Stdev.
7.121667
2.916626
2.108333
0.964353
0.39
0.07375


67.48667
6.472498


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.409
0.093338


67.085
9.100464
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                              Sheets (9)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                  Core Site 13
           Density =
           Core Leng
2.20
   0
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
7.5
  0
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5-ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5-crys.
7.0-ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

8.94
13.24
8.26
13.44

9.042
8.5
8.811
13.00
Std. Dev.



1.5
1.54
0.63
0.78

0.30

3.046

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.433
1.00
0.555
1.606





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







95.09

80.13
34.78
Comments









0 - Very Noisy


      DO
      ro
      i
Means
Set Stdev.
10.40413
2.353033
1.299333
098645
0.8985
0.530893


70
31.4052


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.494
0.086267


87.61
10.57832
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                              Sheets (1O)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                  Core Site 14
           Density =
           Core Leng
2.00
7.62 cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor:
8.2
  0
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 -crys.
7.0-ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

10.127
9.507
9.322
8.66


10.5
6.48
9.375
Std. Dev.



4.32
4.37
3.62
2.217

2.595



Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.661
0.684
0.433
0.747





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







83.33
39.21
82.53
79.98
Comments








17.95(Boat Moved
for bottom loss


      O3
      ro
Means
Set Stdev.
9.138714
1.31357
3.4244
0.984916
0.63125
0.137075


71.2625
21.41603


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.547
0.16122


82.93
0.565685
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (11)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 15
          Density =
          Core Leng
1.45
58.4
Std. Marine B. L. =
Pollution Factor =
15.0
  5
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0-crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

12.80
11.78
10.58
10.86

16.96
13.00
11.88
14.54
Std. Dev.



5.46
4.4
2.3
3.46

1.03

1.05
1.057
Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.747
0.888
0.832
0.6915





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







34.55

30.39
58.82
Comments









no sign - noisy


      03

      I
      I—«
      IN3
Means
Set Stdev.
12.80
2.102787
2.68
1.800608
0.789625
0.087405


41.25333
15.35471


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.7895
0.060104


32.47
2.941564
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheet3 (12)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 16
           Density =
           Core Leng
1.22
16.5  cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
21
 7
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 -ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

12.87
12.79
11.031
12.664

13.14
13.25
12.823
12.29
Std. Dev.



1.22
5.96
4.832
3.125

0.40

4.57
3.21
Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.803
0.460
0.629
0.789





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







53.42
48.14
78.86
62.74
Comments


soft spot small
hard spot near
boat movement
causes high variance
plus gas content





      DO
      ro
      i
Means
Set Stdev.
12.60725
0.700445
3.331
1.991813
0.67025
0.160863


60.79
13.47426


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.716
0.123037


66.14
17.9888
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (13)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 17
          Density =
          Core Leng
1.40
90.1 cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
18.0
  9
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 -crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

6.502
7.92
3.0428
8.794

8.543
7.03
2.208
8.59
Std. Dev.



3.011
3.5
0.736
2.99

1.569

1.38

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.14
0.425
0.159
0.338





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







35.29
55.81
27.45
59.8
Comments


Site 17sameSite 18
for acoustic data








      ro
      ro
      i
Means
Set Stdev.
6.578725
2.575311
2.197667
1.112263
0.2655
0.138791


44.5875
15.6791


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.1495
0.013435


31.37
5.543717
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                              Sheets (17)
                     ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                  Core Site 18
           Density =
           Core Leng
1.53
92.0 cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor:
14.0
   9
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5 - crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 -crys
Bot.Loss

(db)

6.502
7.92
3.0428
8.794

8.543
7.03
2.208
8.59
Std. Dev.



3.011
3.5
0.736
2.99

1.569

1.38

Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.14
0.425
0.159
0.338





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







35.29
55.81
27.45
59.8
Comments


Site 18 same Site 17
for acoustic data








      CO
      IN3
      I
Means
Set Stdev.
6.578725
2.575311
2.197667
1.112263
0.2655
0.138791


44.5875
15.6791


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.1495
0.013435


31.37
5.543717
Caulfield Engineering
-------
                                                             Sheets (14)
                    ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AT CORE SITES
                                 Core Site 19
          Density =
          Core Leng
1.20
69.2 cm.
Std. Marine B. L.
Pollution Factor =
21
10
System/
Process

CAL1
3.5 -ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 -ms
7.0-crys.
ACRS1
3.5 - ms
3.5-crys.
7.0 - ms
7.0 - crys
BotLoss

(db)

5.45
4.32
3.26
4.43

7.016
7.812
3.125
5.4687
Std. Dev.



2.64
5.956
1.184
2.074

0.796



Ampl.
Decay
(ratio)

0.221
0.26
0.142
0.205





Absorp.
per meter
(db)










Sign
+/- %







11.76
60.78
8.33
47.05
Comments












      oo
      ro
      i
      i—'
      CTl
Means
Set Stdev.
5.110213
1.674478
2,53
2.047925
0.207
0.049105


31.98
25.97894


Massa Means
Massa Setdev.
0.1815
0.055861


10.045
2.425376
Caulfield Engineering
-------
       APPENDIX B3




CORE SITES CROSS-SECTIONS
            B3-1
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
 EOT. LOSS
 AMPL. DECAY
   PERCENT.
        CORE 5/6
CORE 5
                  1.00  METERS
        Ref.Fllei CR510001
CORE 6
                                   LJ
                                   (J
                                         0.43 _,
                                         1.18 _
                                         1.93 -
                                         2.64 .
                                        3.37 _
                                        4.10  J
                                                                                           SEDIMENT
                                                                                 POLLUTION FACTOR HIGH
                                                                                                   LEGEND
                                                                                                   FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                 CLAY

                                                                                 SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                 SILT

                                                                                 SILTY SAND TO
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                   SAND
                                                                                                   HARD/COMPACT
                                                                                                                  POLLUTED
                                                                                                                  SEDIMENT
                                                                                           CAULEIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                          CDRE 05/06-SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                           JOB' £060
                                                                                           CRN BY
                                                                                            DDC
                                                                               DATE-
                                                                                     SHEET
                                                                         DVG,
                                                                                                                  SCALE
                                                                                                REVr
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
  EOT. LDSS
  AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
        CORE 7
CORE 7
                  0.763 M
        ReF. File' CR520003
                                   I
                                   t~
                                   a.
                                   u
                                   PI
                                        0.43 _
                                        1.18  -
                                        1.92  _
                                        2.64 _
                                        3.37 _
                                        4.10  J

                                                                                         SEDIMENT
                                                                               POLLUTION FACTOR HIGH
                                                                                                 LEGEND
                                                                                                 FDAM/FLUFF
                                                                               CLAY

                                                                               SILTY CLAY TO
                                                                               CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                                 SILT
                                                                               SILTY SAND TO
                                                                               SANDY SILT
                                                                                                 SAND
                                                                                                 HARD/COMPACT
                                                                                                               POLLUTED
                                                                                                               SEDIMENT
                                                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                          CORE 07 - SUMMARY  SHETT
                                                                            2060
                                                                                         DRN BY
                                                                                          DDC
                                                                             DATEi
                                                                             2/26/96
SHEET
                                                                                                               SCALE
           REVi
                                                                       DVG,  ND, gQ6Q-CRQ5
-------
DBSERVATIDN
CORE 8
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE LENGTH
  DENSITY
  BDT. LOSS
 AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
         NO CORE
         SAND t GRAVEL
        CORE 8
        Ref. Fllei CR530007

                                     I
                                     I-
                                     n.
                                           4.10 _,
                                           4.83 .
                                           5.56 .
                                           6.28 .
                                           7.02 J
                                                                                                       LEGEND
                                                                                              SEDIMENT
                                                                                                                      POLLUTED
                                                                                                                      SEDIMENT
                                                                                                       FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                    CLAY

                                                                                    SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                    CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                                       SILT
                                                                                    SILTY SAND TD
                                                                                    SANDY SILT
                                                                                                       SAND
                                                                                                       HARD/COMPACT
                                                                  NDN-CDNSDLIDATED SAND,GRAVEL,RDCK,CLAY
                                                                  ND POLLUTION
                                                                                    CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                                                               CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                 CORE 08 -  SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                               JDBi £060
                                                                                               DRN BY
                                                                                               DDC
                                                                                  DATEi
                                                                                                    SCALE
                                                                                        SHEET
                                                                                                    REV.
                                                                            DVG.  NG.
-------
OBSERVATION
CORE 9
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE LENGTH
  DENSITY
  EOT. LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
         NO CORE

         SAND t GRAVEL
        CORE  9
         Ref. File' CR540003
                                                                                                     LEGEND      POLLUTED

                                                                                             SEDIMENT                 SEDIMENT
                                                                                                     FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                                     CLAY
                                                                                   S1LTY CLAY TO

                                                                                   CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                  SILT



                                                                                  SILTY SAND TO

                                                                                  SANDY SILT
                                                                                                     SAND
                                                                                                     HARD/COMPACT
                  ul
                  o
                  
-------
OBSERVATION
  CORE 10
 NORTHING
 EASTING
 CORE LENGTH
 DENSITY
 BDT.  LOSS
 AMPL. DECAY
   PERCENT.
         111°
0.37 M
       CORE 10
        Ref. Flle> CR5400E3
                                                                                             LEGEND
                                                                                     SEDIMENT
                                                                                                           POLLUTED
                                                                                                           SEDIMENT
                                                                                             FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                             CLAY
                                                                              SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                              CLAYEY SILT
                                                                              SILT

                                                                              SILTY SAND TO
                                                                              SANDY SILT
                                                                                             SAND
                                                                                             HARD/COMPACT
                                                                                            m
                                                                                            X-'fC
                                 u
                                 <
                                 u.
                                 X
                                 (-
                                 Q.
                                       6.28 _
                       7.03 _
                                      7.65 -
                                      8.11  -
                                      8.56 J
                                                     .it :
MEDIUM POLLUTION - OIL

ND POLLUTION

CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                       6.00 M
                                                                                      CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                       CORE  10 -  SUMMARY SHEET
                                                                                      JDBigQ60
                                                                       DRN BY
                                                                       DDC
               DATE'
               a/26/96
                                                                                            SCALE
                                                                                                SHEET
                                                                                                           REV.
                                                                      DVG,  ND. gQ60-CRin
-------
OBSERVATION
CORE 11
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
  BDT. LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
         |	I FLUFF

         ND CDRE  ONLY SAND GRAVEL
        CORE 11
        Ref. File' BCR10031
                                                                                          SEDIMENT
                                                                                                  LEGEND
                                                                                                  FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                 CLAY

                                                                                 SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                 SILT

                                                                                 SILTY SAND TD
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                  SAND
                                                                                                  HARD/COMPACT
                                    <
                                    L.
                                    a;
                                         6,28 _
                       7.02 _
                                         7.65 -
                                         8.11
                                         8.56 J
                                                               FLUFF LAYER DN TOP
                                                               NDN CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                               ND POLLUTION

                                                               CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                                                               POLLUTED
                                                                                               SEDIMENT
                                                           0.60 M
                                                                                           CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                            CDRE 11  - SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                           JOB' £060
                                                                         DRN BY
                                                                         DDC
DATE'
E/E6/96
                                                                                                      SHEET
                                                                                               SCALE
                                                                                                                 REV.
                                                                         DVG,  ND,  2Q6Q-CR11
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
 CORE LENGTH
 DENSITY
 EOT. LOSS
 AMPL. DECAY
 + PERCENT.
        CORE 12
CORE 12
                   0.66 M
        Ref. File. BCR10036
                                                                                         SEDIMENT
                                                                                                 LEGEND
                                                                                                 FDAM/FLUFF
                                                                                                 CLAY
                                                                               SILTY CLAY TD

                                                                               CLAYEY SILT
                                                                               SILT



                                                                               SILTY SAND TD

                                                                               SANDY SILT
                                                                                                 SAND
                                                                                                 HARD/COMPACT
                                   I
                                   I-
                                   O.
                                        6.28 _,
                                        7,02 J
                                        7.65 J
                                        8.11  J
                                        B.56 J
                                                                               MEDIUM POLLUTED CLAY
                                                              NON CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS

                                                              ND POLLUTION


                                                              CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                          1.00 M
                                                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING^
                                                                                           CORE  12 - SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                         JOB' 2060
                                                                        DRN BY

                                                                        DDC
DATE-

2/26/96

                                                                                                     SHEET
                                                                                                                REVi
                                                                       DVG.  ND.  2060-CRlg
-------
OBSERVATION
CORE 13
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
  EOT. LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
         ND CORE ROCK/GRAVEL
        CORE 13
        Ref. File. BCR10056
                                                                                          SEDIMENT
                                                                                                  LEGEND
                                                                                                   FDAM/FLUrr
                                                                                 CLAY

                                                                                 SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                                                 POLLUTED
                                                                                                                 SEDIMENT
                                                                                                  SILT
                                                                                 SILTY SAND TO
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                  SAND
                                                                                                  HARD/COMPACT
                                   I
                                   t-
                                   O.
                                         6.28 _
                                         7.oa .
                                         7.65 -
                                         e.n .
                                         8.56 J

                                                 i • "' ' *  ,.'••"' ." ' •
                                               	._ . ^-     • f	
                                                                                 SAND/GRAVEL
                                                               NDN CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                               ND POLLUTION

                                                               CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                           0.52 M
                                                                                           CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                             CDRE  13  - SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                           JDB'gQfeO
                                                                         DRN BY
                                                                         DDC
DATE.
E/26/96
                                                                                                      SHEET
                                                                                               SCALE
                                                                                                                 REV.
                                                                         DVG,  ND,  gQ60-CRi^
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
 CORE LENGTH
 DENSITY
 EOT.  LOSS
 AMPL.  DECAY
   PERCENT.
CORE 14
              T
                  0.15 M
        CORE  14
        RcF.
               BCR10060
                                   .
                                  Of
                                  38
                                  I
                                  (-
                                  D-
                                                                                        SEDIMENT
                                                                                                LEGEND
                                                                                                FDAM/FLUFF
                                                                               CLAY

                                                                               SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                               CLAYEY SILT
                                                                               SILT

                                                                               SILTY SAND TD
                                                                               SANDY SILT
                                                                                                SAND
                                                                                                HARD/COMPACT
                                                                                                              POLLUTED
                                                                                                              SEDIMENT
                                        5.56 _,
                      6.28 .
                      7.02 .
                                        7.65 .
                                        8.11 J
                                                                  .
SAND/GRAVEL


ND POLLUTION

NDN CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS


CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                          0.52 M
                                                                                         CAULEIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                           CORE  14  - SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                         JDS' 2060
                                                                       DRN BY
                                                                        DDC
                DATE.
                g/86/96
                                                                                                    SHEET
                                                                                             SCALE
                                                                                                               REV.
                                                                       DVG.  ND. gQ60-rRi4
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CORE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
  BDT. LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
  +  PERCENT.
        CORE 15
CORE 15
                  0.58 M
        Ref, File. BRC200H
                                                                                                   LEGEND      PDLLUTtD
                                                                                           SEDIMENT                 SEDIMENT
                                                                            1
                                                                                                   FDAM/FLUFF
                                                                                 CLAY

                                                                                 SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                                   SILT
                                                                                 SILTY SAND TD
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                   SAND
                                                                                                   HARD/COMPACT
                                         5.56 _,
                                         6.28 _
                                    X
                                    I—
                                    O-
                                         7.65 -
                                         8.11  J
                                                                                 LOW POLLUTION
                                                                                 NDN CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                                                 CONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
                                                            0.30 M
                                                                                           CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                              CORE 15 -  SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                           JOB' 2060
                                                                         DRN BY
                                                                          DDC
DATE'
2/28/96
                                                                                                SCALE
                                                                                                       SHEET
                                                                                                                  REV.
                                                                         DVG,  ND, gQ60-CR15
-------
DBSERVATIDN
 NORTHING
 EASTING
 CDRE LENGTH
 DENSITY
 BDT.  LDSS
 AMPL.  DECAY
 + PERCENT.
        CDRE 16
CDRE 16
                   0.16 M
        Ref File' BRC20030
                                  Ul
                                  0
                                  :.-)
                                                                                                FDAM/FLUFF
                                                                               CLAY

                                                                               SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                               CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                                SILT
                                                                               SILTY SAND TD
                                                                               SANDY SILT
                                                                                                SAND
                                                                                                HARD/COMPACT
                                        6.28 _
                                        7.03 J
                                        7.65 J
                                        8.11 J
                                        8.56 J
                                                                 f.
                                                              POLLUTION WITH FLUFF

                                                              ND POLLUTION - ADDITIONAL ROCKS

                                                              NON CONSOLIDATED
                                                          0.53 M
                                                                                             IS
                                                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING!
                                                                                           CDRE  16  - SUMMARY SHEET
                                                                                         JDBigQ60
                                                                       DRN BY
                                                                        DDC
                                                                                              DATE'
                                                                                                    SHEET

                                                                                                               REV.
                                                                       DVG.  ND. 2060-CGRE16
-------
                                                                                         SEDIMENT
DBSERVATIDN
CDRE 17
CORE 18
  NORTHING
  EASTING
  CDRE  LENGTH
  DENSITY
  BDT, LOSS
  AMPL. DECAY
    PERCENT.
                  1.000  METERS
         CDRE  17/18
                                                                                                 LEGEND
                                                                                                 FDAM/rLUFF
                                                                                                 CLAY
                                                                                 S1LTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                 SILT

                                                                                 SILTY SAND TD
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                 SAND
                                                                                                HARD/COMPACT
                                    oc
                                   ILJ
                                    ~
                                       3.65  _
                                       4.38  .
                                       5.11
                                       5.83
                                       6.56
                                       7.29  J
                                                                        sNNNVS-  POLLUTION FACTOR HIGH
                                                                                                               POLLUTED
                                                                                                               SEDIMENT
                                                         -0.405 M
                                                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                         CDRE 17/18  SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                         JOB' £060
                                                                                         CRN BY
                                                                                          DDC
                                                                              DATE'
                                                                              2/25/96
                                                                                               SCALE
                                                                     SHEET
                                                                                         DVG,  ND, g06Q-CR
                                                                                 ?EVi
                                                                                                7/18
-------
OBSERVATION
  NORTHING
  EASTING
 CORE LENGTH
 DENSITY
 BDT, LOSS
 AMPL.  DECAY
   PERCENT.
CORE 19
        CORE 19
                    0.60 METERS
       Ref. File'  BCR40034
                                                                                                 LEGEND     POLLUTED
                                                                                         SEDIMENT                SEDIMENT
                                                                                                 FOAM/FLUFF
                                                                                                 CLAY
                                                                                 SILTY CLAY TD
                                                                                 CLAYEY SILT
                                                                                 SILT

                                                                                 SILTY SAND TD
                                                                                 SANDY SILT
                                                                                                 SAND
                                                                                                 HARD/COMPACT
                                       3.65  -,
                                       4.38
                                   LJ
                                   O
                                   Li.
                                   §~  5.11
                   IUJ

                   §1  5.83
                                       6.56 -
                                                                            \  POLLUTION FACTOR HIGH
                                                        -0.405 M
                                                                                         CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                          CDRE  19 -  SUMMARY  SHEET
                                                                                         JDBi 2060
                                                                                         DRN BY
                                                                                          DDC
                                                                               DATE.
                                                                               3/18/96
                                                                                               SCALE
SHEET
           REV.
                                                                         DVG. ND.  g06Q-CnRri9
-------
         APPENDIX B4




IN FIELD CORE VELOCIMETER DATA
               B4-1
-------
                                                                Sheetl
                       ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
    CORE NO:
    Core Dens ity:
    Core Material:

              Est.
    Material   Depth
             Below Bot
              cm.
Page 1
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
1.29
Clay/Silt
From
Xmit
Position
cm.
Core Bot.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Frequency - 330 KHz

Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta T Delta T
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec


System IstArr.
Offset Velocity
micro-sec m/sec
10
0.073


2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec



3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water










Sediment







-10










5







103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5



89
89
89
89
87.5



103.5
101.5
102
102.5
104
105
106
107



89
90
91
89
90



7.3
7.569016
7.452516
7.368175
7.317103
7.452516
7.716217
8.095678



7.3
7.368175
7.569016
7.3
7.716217



100
110
60
80
mov->
90
mov->
mov->



36
60
36
36
36





100

140
160
145
144



96
100
100
108
96











10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Mean velocity


160
176
179
160

Mean Veloi




10
10
10
10
10
:ity


811.1111
756.9016
1490.503
1052.596

931.5645





2807.692
1473.635
2911.16
2807.692
2967.776





2484.172

1688.562
1490.503
1714.715
1812.465
1423.309


2546.512
2456.058
2523.005
2234.694
2691.703
2481.806













2433.333
2219.33
2239.354
2433.333




CD

ro
   corvet - core O5 —1
-------
                                                             Sheetl (2)
                      ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
    CORE NO:
    Core Dens ity:
    Core Material:

              Est.
    Material   Depth
             Below Bot
              cm.
Page 2 POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
1.29
Clay/Silt

Frequency - 330 KHz


10
0.073



From Core Bot.
Xmit
Position
cm.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec Delta T Delta T Delta T
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec
System
Offset
micro-sec
1 st Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec

Sediment









Sediment








35









60








65.5
65.5
65.5
65.5
65.5
65.5
65.5



33
33
33






64
63.5
63
62.5
68.5
66
65.5



32
34
35.3






7.452516
7.569016
7.716217
7.892401
7.892401
7.317103
7.3



7.368175
7.368175
7.653757







150
170
140
170
135
150



100








176
180
210
180
210
240
205



195
160
200














10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Mean velocity







Mean Velo



10
10
10


sity

Core Mean Velocity


540.644
482.2635

493.2751





818.6861





. ***



1335.709

1392.777
1183.86
954.4048
1123.077
938.2512


1194.839
1473.635
1208.488


1173.912

1531.321



















oo
I
CO
   corvel - core 05-2
-------
                                                                Sheet2
                       ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
    CORE NO:
    Core Dens ity:
    Core Material:

              Est.
    Material   Depth
             Below Bot
               cm.
Page 1
1.
Clay/Silt
From
Xmit
Position
cm.
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
18
Core Bot.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Frequency - 330 KHz

Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta T Delta T
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec


System
Offset
micro-sec


IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
10
0.073


2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec



3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec

Sediment









Sediment








30









10








71.5
71.5
71.5
71.5
71.5
71.5
71.5



89
89







71.5
73
73
74
70.7
70
69.5



87.8
89







7.3
7.452516
7.452516
7.716217
7.343705
7.452516
7.569016



7.397973
7.3







mov->
mov->
mov->
mov->
mov->

mov->












144
136
140
152
142
168
164



160
164













250

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Mean velocity









10
10



Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity




















1634.328
1774.409
1719.811
1630.187
1669.024
1415.035
1474.484
1796.08


1479.595
1422.078



1450.836

1623.458







1576.878











CO

-p.
    corvel - core06 — Page 1
-------
                                                               Sheets
                      ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
    CORE NO:
7  Page 1
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
                                                                                                      10
                                                                                                   0.073
    Core Dens ity:
    Core Material:

              Est.
    Material   Depth
             Below Bot
               cm.
1.39
Silt/Clay



Frequency
- 330 KHz


From Core Bot.
Xmit
Position
cm.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Distance
Xmt-Rec.
cm.
1st An-.
Delta T
micro-sec.
2nd Arr.
Delta T
micro-sec
3rd Arr.
Delta T
micro-sec
System
Offset
micro-sec
1st Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
                                                                           2nd Arr.   3rd Arr.
                                                                           Velocity   Velocity
                                                                           m/sec     m/sec
Water
& Fluff









Sediment







-10










5







93.8
92
92
92
92
92
92




81
81
81
81




93
94.7
92.5
91
89.8
86.7
97.8




82
79.9
79.4
78.3




7.343705
7.783315
7.317103
7.368175
7.624303
9.021086
9.323626




7.368175
7.382412
7.473286
7.783315




88
96
92
92
100
120
108




72
110
70
mov->















112
210
144
140












10
10
10
10
10
10
10

Mean velocity







Mean Velo
***** ****



10
10
10
10

city


941.5006
905.0367
892.3297
898.5579
847.1448
820.0988
951.3904




1188.415
L738.2412
1245.548













L893.7227


2167.11
1107.362
1673.124
1796.15

1416.564
**********




















CD
I
in
   corvel - core 07 - Page 1
                                          Page 1
-------
                                                                Sheet3 (2)
                        ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
     CORE NO:        7 Page 2
     Core Dens ity:             1.39
     Core Material:        Silt/Clay

               Est.        From Core Bot.
     Material   Depth     Xmit      Receiver
              Below Bot  Position   Position
               cm.       cm.      cm.



Distance
Xmt-Rec.
cm.
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
Frequency - 330 KHz
IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr. System
Delta T Delta T Delta T Offset
micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec micro-sec



IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
10
0.073

2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Velocity Velocity
m/sec m/sec
Sediment






Sediment




Sediment




20






40




55




65
65
65
65



40
40



19




64
64.7
67.8
63.1



36.7
39



21




7.368175
7.306162
7.818568
7.543209



8.011242
7.368175



7.569016




68
60
72
mov->



60
60



50



128
144
mov->
138




112



80





250
180
10
10
10
10
Mean velocity







10
10

Mean Velocity



10
Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity
Core Mean Velocity Without Last Layer
1270.375
1461.232
1261.059




1602.248
1473.635



1892.254




1873.265
1635.708

1767.94
1639.63



2167.11

1747.665

3243.864
2568.059

1842.978
1601.285


1628.868
2218.591













DO
I
CTl
    corvel - core 07 — Page 2
-------
                                                              Sheet4
                      ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
    CORE NO:
    Core Dens ity:
    Core Material:

              Est.
    Material   Depth
             Below Bot
              cm.
Page 1

1.53
Silty/Sand
From Core Bot.
Xmit Receiver
Position Position
cm. cm.
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
Frequency - 330 KHz

Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr. System
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta! Delta! Offset
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec micro-sec




IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
5
0.073


2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec




3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water
Some
Fluff




Sediment






Sediment





-15






8






20





50
50
50




29.4
29.4
29.4
25
25


13
13




50
52.2
48.1




30.1
26.2
31
27.5
25


15
12.5




7.3
7.624303
7.543209




7.333485
7.970571
7.473286
7.716217
7.3


7.569016
7.317103




93
101





52
56
52
48
42


48
42





104
190




94
160
94
96
98


150
98







10
10
10
Mean velocity











10
10
10
10
10
Mean Velocity




10
10
Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity


879.5181
837.8355





1746.068
1732.733
1779.354
2030.583
2281.25


1991.846
2286.595





2433.288
1257.201
1351.961



2619.102
1594.114
2669.031
2691.703
2488.636
2163.257

1621.932
2494.467
2098.71

2130.984





















DO
->
I
   corvel-corel0-Page 1
-------
                                                             Sheets
                      ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
COR
Core
Core

ENO: 12
Dens ity:
Material:
Est.
Material Depth
Below Bot
cm.
Page 1
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
1.23
Clay/Tr. Gravel
From
Xmit
Position
cm.
Core Bot.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Frequency - 330 KHz

Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta! Delta T
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec


System
Offset
micro-sec


IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
7
0.073


2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec



3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water
+ Chalk
Material




Sediment






Sediment





-10






22






42





61
61
61
61



42
42
42
42



22
22




60
62.8
59.5
57.8



42.5
42
40.5
39



20.5
22




7.368175
7.518643
7.452516
7.970571



7.317103
7.3
7.452516
7.892401



7.452516
7.3




93
96
92




96















104




120
100
120



120
120
















10
10
10
10
887.7319
874.2609
908.8435

Mean Velocity


10
10
10
10

Mean Velocity




10
10
Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity




850.826















2543.799
1303.659



1990.909
2484.172
2152.473

1869.595

2032.504
1990.909
2011.707

1940.651





















CO




oo
    corvel - core 12- Page 1
-------
                                                            Sheets
                     ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
CORE NO: 18 Page 1 POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
Core
Core
Dens ity:
Material:
Est.
Material Depth
Below Bot
cm.
1.53
Sandy/Silt

From Core Bot.
Xmit Receiver
Position Position
cm. cm.
Frequency - 330 KHz
Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta T Delta T
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec

System
Offset
micro-sec

IstArr.
Velocity
m/sec
9
0.073

2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec


3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water
+ Chalk
Material




Sediment




Sediment






-10






28




66






81.3
81.3
81.3
81.3



66.6
66.6
66.6


26.7
26.7
26.7




82
83
79
81.4



66.2
65.2
64.2


26.7
26
23




7.333485
7.495332
7.653757
7.300685



7.310951
7.433034
7.6844


7.3
7.333485
8.184131




100
100

96



88
94
96


96
95





104
130
130




90
120



145
175
100














10
10
10
10
814.8316
832.8147

848.9168
Mean Velocity


10
10
10
Mean Velocity





10
10
10
Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity




937.3014
884.885
893.5349


848.8372
862.7629





2340.474
1873.833


1342.174


2741.607
2027.191

1496.904

1622.222
1333.361
2728.044
1479.045

1487.975




















oo
   corevel - core 18 - Page 1
-------
                                                                 Sheet?
                        ESTIMATED IN FIELD CORE VELOCITY ANALYSIS
      CORE NO:
     Core Dens ity:
     Core Material:

                Est.
     Material   Depth
               Below Bot
                cm.
Page 1
1
Clay/Silt
From
Xmit
Position
cm.
POLLUTION FACTOR:
Sample Diameter:
2
Core Bot.
Receiver
Position
cm.
Frequency - 330 KHz
Distance IstArr. 2nd Arr. 3rd Arr.
Xmt-Rec. Delta T Delta T Delta!
cm. micro-sec, micro-sec micro-sec

System
Offset
micro-sec

1 st Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
10
0.073

2nd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec


3rd Arr.
Velocity
m/sec
Water






Sediment




Sediment






-8






5




25






53
53
53
53



38.5
38.5
38.5


20.5
20.6
20.6




53.1
53.6
54.1
52.2



41.7
39
37


20.6
19.5
18.5




7.300685
7.324616
7.382412
7.343705



7.970571
7.317103
7.452516


7.300685
7.382412
7.596052




94
98
98
94



92
92
96


102
102
108




140
140
136
140



170
150
150


140
150
124














10
10
10
10
869.1292
832.3427
838.9104
874.2506
Mean Velocity


10
10
10
Mean Velocity





10
10
10
Mean Velocity


Core Mean Velocity




972.0208
892.3297
866.5717


793.5527
802.436
775.1073




1684.773
1690.296
1757.717
1694.701
1280.265


1494.482
1567.951
1596.968
^1231.72

1684.773
1581.945
1998.961
1272.796

1252.258




















CD
I
t—'
o
     corvel - core 19- Paae 1
-------
         APPENDIX B5




IN FIELD CORE ABSORPTION DATA
              B5-1
-------
                                                        SheeM
                    CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
         CORE NO:
POLLUTION FACTOR        10
Sample Diamter:          0 073
                                                                                 meters
 CO
 en
Core Density: 1.29
Core Material. Clay/Silt Frequency - 330 KHz
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. nrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
-10
5
30
33
60
630
1500
1500
1700
1500
66
83.4
83.4
84
83.4
5
3.75
3.25
4.6
1
13.9
11.5
10.2
13.3
0
52.1
71.9
73.2
70.7
83.4
0
19.8
21.1
18.6
31.3
0
271.2329
289.0411
254.7945
428.7671
                                               Mean Loss
                                               Mean Absorption/Meter
               22.7
                    310.9589
corabsOS
-------
                                                          Sheetl (2)
                     CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
          CORE NO:
          Core Density:
          Core Material:
   1.29
Clay/Silt
POLLUTION FACTOR
Sample Diamter:

Frequency - 330 KHz
                                                     10
                                                  0.073  meters
CD
01
1
CO
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment


from core 5
30
10


630
1500
1400


66
83.4
82.9


5
3.5
5


13.9
10.8
13.9


52.1
72.6
69


0
20.5
16.9


0
280.8219
231.5068



                                                  Mean Absorption/Meter        256.1644
corabslO
-------
                                                        Sheetl (7)
                    CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
         CORE NO:
POLLUTION FACTOR       10

Sample Diamter:          0 073
                                                                                  meters
 DO
 ui
  I
Core Density. 1.39
Core Material: Silt/Clay Frequency - 330 KHz
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment
-10
5
20
44
60
900
1730
1730
1730
1730
74.9
84.3
84.3
84.3
84.3
5
3
2
0.8
0.3
13.9
9.5
6
-1.9
-10.5
61
74.8
78.3
86.2
94.75
0
13.8
17.3
25.2
33.75
0
189.0411
236.9863
345.2055
462.3288
                                                Mean Loss          22.5125
                                               Mean Absorption/Meter
                    308.3904
corabsOT
-------
                                                          Sheen (3)
                     CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
          CORE NO:
10
          Core Density:
          Core Material:
      1.53
   Silty/Sand
POLLUTION FACTOR

Sample Diamter:


Frequency - 330 KHz
    5

0.073
                                                                                     meters
  CO
  en
  i
  en
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment


-11
9
24


630
1300
1300


66
82.5
82.5


5
4
2


13.9
12.04
6


52.1
70.46
76.5


0
18.36
24.4


0
251.5068
334.2466


                       Mean Loss            21.38


                       Mean Absorption/Meter        292.8767
corabslO
-------
                                                          Sheetl (4)
                     CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
          CORE NO:

          Core Density:
          Core Material:
12
      1.23
   Clay/Tr Gravel
POLLUTION FACTOR
Sample Diamter:

Frequency - 330 KHz
                                                     0.073 meters
  oo
  in
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment


-6
22
42


730
1700
1700


72
84.3
84.3


4.5
2
0.1


13.06
6
-20


58.94
78.3
104.3


0
19.36
45.36


0
265.2055
621.3699


                                                 Mean Loss            32.36

                                                 Mean Absorption/Meter        443.2877
corabs12
-------
                                                         Sheetl (5)
                     CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
          CORE NO:
18
          Core Density:

          Core Material:
      1.53

   Sandy/Silt
POLLUTION FACTOR

Sample Oiamter:


Frequency - 330 KHz
   10

0.073  meters
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment

-10
10
20
45

730
1730
1730
1730

75
84.3
84.3
84.3

5
2
0.56
0.1

13.9
6
-4.9
-20

61.1
78.3
89.2
104.3

0
17.2
28.1
43.2

0
235.6164
384.9315
591.7808

  CD
  tn
  i
                       Mean Loss             29.5


                       Mean Absorption/Meter        404.1096
corabs18
-------
                                                          Sheet! (6)
                     CORE RELATIVE ABSORPTION ANALYSIS
          CORE NO:

          Core Density:
          Core Material.
19
       1.2
  Clay/Silt
POLLUTION FACTOR
Sample Diamter:

Frequency - 330 KHz
   10
0.073  meters
Normalized
Material Depth Gain Gain Signal Signal Level Cor. Relative To Absorp.
Below Bot. Setting Level Level db 1 volt db Water db/meter
cm. hrs. db volts db
Water
Sediment
Sediment
Sediment

-10
5
15
28

1130
1730
1730
1730

80
84.3
84.3
84.3

5
2.5
0.15
0.1

13.9
7.9
-16.4
-20

66.1
76.4
100.7
104.3

0
10.3
34.6
38.2

0
141.0959
473.9726
523.2877

 CO
 en
 i
 CO
                       Mean Loss              27.7

                       Mean Absorption/Meter         379.4521
corabs19
-------
                  FINAL REPORT
   MICRO SURVEY - ACOUSTIC CORE AND
 PHYSICAL CORE INTER - RELATIONS WITH
              SPATIAL VARIATION,
TRENTON CHANNEL OF THE DETROIT RIVER
                    VOLUME III
 NORMAL AND CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT
              DISTRIBUTION MAPS
                        Prepared
                      June 25, 1997
                          By

                     David Caulfield
              Caulfield Engineering, Incorporated
                       Oroville, WA

                         And

                     John C. Filkins
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development
      National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
             Mid-Continental Ecology Division-Duluth
              Community Based Science Support Staff
              9311 Groh Rd., Grosse He, MI  48138
-------
This report was prepared for the U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experimental Station
under contract No. DACW39-95-C-0070. This report meets one of the deliverables for
the Interagency Agreement. DW96947730-01-0, between U.S. ACOE/Waterways
Experimental Station and U.S. EPA/Great Lakes National Program Office and U.S.
EPA/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Mid-Continental
Ecology Division-Duluth/Cornmunity Based Science Support Staff.
                                     11
-------
CONTENTS
PREFACE 	  v

1.0    INTRODUCTION  	  1

      1.1  Background 	  1
      1.2  Site Overview  	  2
      1.3  Project Overview 	 3

2.0    DATA INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES - LAYER SELECTION	 5

      2.1   Layer Identification Steps  	 6

           2.1.1  Stepl:  Diffraction  	  6
           2.1.2  Step 2:  Amplitude Analysis 	  10
           2.1.3  Step 3:  ACRS Plots 	  21

                2.1.3.1  Step 3.1: ACRS Envelope Plot 	  21
                2.1.3.2  Step 3.2: ACRS Pick Plot	  21

           2.1.4  Step 4:  Integrating the Three Layer Picking Technique 	  25
           2.1.5  Step 5:  Survey Line Layer Cross-Section	  25

3.0    DATA INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES  SEDIMENT
      IDENTIFICATION	  30

      3.1   Stepl: Matching the Sediment Layers to the Cores	  30
      3.2   Step 2: Bottom Loss Processing 	  31
      3.3   Step 3: Contamination, Bottom Loss, and Plus Sign Percentage	 33
      3.4   Analysis Summary	 42

4.0    DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 	 46

      4.1   Cross-Sections for Black Lagoon Site	 46
      4.2   Cross-Sections for Elizabeth Park Site 	 47
                                   111
-------
      4.3   Cross-Sections for Elizabeth Channel	 49
      4.4   Estimating Sediment Volumes - Black Lagoon 	 51

           4.4.1  Step 1:  Data Sampling and Contour Plots Generation	51
           4.4.2  Step 2:  Dealing with Extrapolated Grid Values 	 54
           4.4.3  Step 3:  Two Volume Estimates for Black Lagoon 	54

      4.5   Estimating Sediment Volumes - Elizabeth Park  	 65

5.0    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 	77
6.0    BIBLIOGRAPHY 	 79

APPENDIX Al. CROSS-SECTIONAL PLATES	Al-1
APPENDIX A2. MATLAB PROGRAMS  	 A2-1

      A2.1 Bottom Loss Computations	A2-2
      A2.2 Phase Computations 	 A2-6
      A2.3 Layer Thickness Contour Routine	 A2-10
      A2.4 Scales Survey Lines Routine 	 A2-19
      A2.5 Volume Estimate Routine 	 A2-24
      A2.6 Depth Contour Routine 	A2-27
      A2.7 Elizabeth Park Layer Contour Routine 	 A2-33

APPENDIX A3. TECHNICAL TERMS AND SOFTWARE DISPLAY
              DESCRIPTIONS  	A3-1

      A3.1 Acoustic Impedance 	A3-2
      A3.2 Reflectivity 	 A3-2
      A3.3 Bottom Loss	A3-2
      A3.4 Sonar Equation  	 A3-3
      A3.5 Windows CAL1  Routine  	 A3-3
      A3.6 Acoustic Core Reflection/Sign (ACRS) Routine	 A3-6

           A3.6.1 Correlation Display 	 A3-6
           A3.6.2 ACRS Full Wave Envelope Display 	 A3-8

      A3.7 Diffraction Examples 	 A3-10
      A3.8 Envelope Layer Detection 	 A3-10
                                    IV
-------
PREFACE
       This document  is Volume III of a series of reports on  portions of the Detroit
River's Trenton Channel  sediment  distribution.   The previous volumes  covered  the
following:

       •     Volume I  Field Data Acquisition and Calibration (Caulfield Engineering,
             December 30.  1995).  This  report summarizes field acquisition and
             calibration procedures.

       •     Volume II - Core Analysis and Summary Findings (Caulfield Engineering,
             March 23,  1996).  This report  relates  the  acoustic properties of  the
             sediments to the physical properties of the cores at  selected sites.

       Volume III provides final outputs identifying depositional sediment layer cross-
sections as  well as estimated dredging volumes for depositional sediments thicker than  1
meter and as an option, thicker than 0.5 meters.  This is done for the two major sites.
Black  Lagoon  and Elizabeth Park.   Also provided are bathymetric contours and
depositional sediment thickness contours. A critical result of this study shows that some
depositional sediments  are very thin, less than 0.5 meters, and bounded by rocks and
sand.   These layers may  be  too  thin to dredge and are  not included in the volume
estimates.

       Because of the spatial variation and contaminated nature of the sediments, and the
many thin  layers found, new  special analysis techniques were  required.  This volume
summarizes these new analysis techniques necessary to extract information regarding the
nature and distribution of the sediment.

       The overall mapping and analysis program was carried out under the supervision
of Darla McVan and Terry Waller, Hydraulic Analysis Branch (HAB), of the Hydraulic
Structure Division (HSD) of the Waterways Experimental Station, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers,  Vicksburg,  MS.   This  project  was a cooperative effort with  the U.S.
Environmental   Protection   Agency,    Mid-Continental   Ecology   Division-Duluth,
Community Based Science  Support  Staff,  Grosse He,  MI.  John  Filkins  provided
technical review and guidance  for the USEPA.
                                       v
-------
 1.0   INTRODUCTION


 1.1   Background


       Significant deposits of contaminated  sediment occur in many waterways near
 urban centers, including those of the Great Lakes basin.  Some of these deposits have
 accumulated for decades and reflect historic loadings of pollution from cities, industry
 and agricultural runoff.  These  deposits continue to contaminate benthic and pelagic
 organisms through various transport  and fate processes.  The removal, treatment and
 disposal of these contaminants may be extremely costly.

       A cost effective and rapid means  of mapping the distribution of sediments in
 harbors and rivers is required to facilitate the remedial decisions facing environmental
 managers.  Models are being developed to predict the potential for sediment erosion in
 harbors and rivers.  An accurate prediction  of sediment resuspension by these models
 requires accurate mapping of sediments.

       Both the Army Corps of  Engineers/Water Ways Experimental Station (USACE-
 WES)  and  the  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency/Office  of  Research  and
 Development/Mid-Continent Ecology Division/Community Based Science Support Staff
 (USEPA/MED/CBSSS) have research interest in mapping sediment in harbors and rivers
 by acoustic profiling.  In 1994 the Great Lakes National Program Office, The Michigan
 Department  of Natural Resources and USEPA/MED/CBSSS  conducted a sediment
 survey by contract with Caulfield Engineering using the  Acoustic Core0 system.  The
 survey of the  Detroit River's Trenton Channel demonstrated that  the Acoustic Core0
 system has the potential  for mapping the sediment  in harbors and rivers of the Great
 Lakes. The  1994 survey results identified high spatial variance in sediment distribution
 and possible gas content in these  sediments.  The acoustic method required optimization
 for  use in shallow water (2ft to 30 ft)  and areas which exhibit a high degree of sediment
 spatial variability.

       The USEPA requested that USAGE-WES optimize the Acoustic Core0 system.
Two sites in the Trenton Channel, Elizabeth Park and Black Lagoon, were selected for
micro-surveys  to demonstrate the Acoustic  Core0  system and to confirm the 1994
observations.  The request  required survey grids of very closely (5-10 meters) spaced
observation lines with high ping  repetition rates. In addition, ground truth piston cores
were to be taken at calibration sites  and other sites of interest. The data were to be
acquired and processed with the Caulfield  Engineering Acoustic Core suite of software.
-------
Final  project outputs were to include identification  of the  location and  volume of
depositional sediment, survey line cross section plots of horizontal and vertical sediment
distribution by density group,   and to specify  the acoustic properties  of the possible
contaminated sediments.

       Volume I of this report summarizes the field acquisition and system calibration
procedures, and Volume II of this report provides the  relationship of the sediment's
acoustic properties and the properties to the  cores taken at selected sites.  Volume III
provides final outputs identifying sediment layer cross-sections, surface contour plots and
estimated dredging volumes for the thicker sediment layers.

       The standard Acoustic Core0 analysis software (AC60) which predicts acoustic
impedance  was inadequate to delineate the differences between hard packed sediments
and possible contaminated sediments.  New analysis procedures and software, Windows-
based Calibration and Acoustic Core  Reflection/Sign, were necessary  to identify the
differences.  This report will  summarize the procedures used in identifying the layering.
Final  results closely  match  the  piston cores taken by Caulfield Engineering and the
earlier vibra-cores taken by the USEPA.

       The  high  spatial  variation  was  also  confirmed  and is  illustrated in  the
accompanying cross-section  drawings.   Detailed  discussion is provided on  both the
analysis procedures and the spatial variance problems.

1.2   Site Overview

       The Detroit River has been identified by the International Joint Commission as an
Area of Concern due to a number of water  quality problems, including  contaminated
sediments and degraded  benthic communities. In addition, the  river is also listed under
the Michigan  Environmental  Response  Act (P.A. 307,  1982 as  amended) due to
contaminated sediments.

       Sediment studies conducted under the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels
Study (USEPA and  EC,  1988)  and  other research activities, documented sediments
contaminated with metals, PCBs, and oil and  grease (Farara and Burt, 1993) in multiple
locations in  the  Detroit  River  and  Trenton  Channel.   Impaired uses  relating to
contaminated sediments, as identified in the Detroit River Stage 1 Remedial Action Plan
(MDEQ,   1987),   include  restrictions  on   dredging  activities,   degraded  benthic
communities,  exceeding  Michigan  Water  Quality  Criteria  for  fish  consumption
advisories, and increased incidence of fish tumors.

       The Trenton Channel is located  in the  lower Detroit River between Grosse He and
the Michigan mainland, Plate 33.  It is approximately nine miles in length and carries 21
percent of the total river flow, with an average velocity of 1.08 to 1.9 ft/sec.  The Detroit
River and Trenton Channel, a heavily  industrialized area and  a major navigation route,
-------
has been identified as severely degraded in terms of water  and sediment quality and
benthic  communities  (USEPA and  EC, 1988).  Numerous point sources in  the area
include  steel  plants,  waste  water  treatment  plants  and chemical and automotive
manufacturing industries. Concentration of arsenic, nickel, PCBs, and oil and grease in
Trenton Channel sediments have been found to exceed the recommended guidelines for
sediments (Long and Morgan, 1990; Persaud et al., 1993). Data from various sediment
Toxicity tests conducted showed sever impacts compared to other Detroit River locations
and reference stations for a number of biota tested (Giesy et al., 1988).

1.3  Project Objectives

      The primary objective of the USEPA-USACE-Caulfield Engineering effort was
the acquisition of micro-survey data using the Acoustic  Core0 System  and the processing
and analysis of selected results and sites to determine what the sediment stratigraphy in
near shore areas of the Trenton Channel. Two specific  sites were chosen to demonstrate
soft sediment mapping, allowing the  calculation of  volume estimates.  Volume III
provides the  cross-sectional plots for these  data, maps  identifying  surficial sediment
deposition by density group and contours of sediment thickness  with  estimates of
depositional  sediment volumes.  Volume II of this series of  reports  provided  the geo-
acoustic relationships with the core data.

      This project uses the Acoustic Core0 suite of software to identify and  map the
gross  distribution of these  sediments as presented in  this report.  Piston core data is
required  to  calibrate  the acoustic process.   It  is  important to  note  that the  exact
relationship of engineering geo-acoustic properties of the  sediments to the various types
of pollutants  is not  known.   It is only known that pollutants  and or  micro-gas bubbles
contained in sediment may  change the acoustic properties, and in some  cases radically,
from standard marine  sediments. Volume II has  shown that  as the gross contaminants
(observed from the chemical analysis  of the  USEPA vibra-cores collected in 1994)
increase, the deviation of the bottom loss for similar non-contaminated marine sediments
also increases.

      The tasks listed in the interagency agreement between EPA and ACOE included:

      > Optimize  the  Acoustic Corer  for use mapping, in shallow water (2ft-30ft),
         where sediments exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity .

      > Demonstrate the accuracy of the Acoustic Corer to characterize sediment type
         and map the distribution of sediment type at depth.  The demonstration should
         take place at three sites (shallow, medium and deeper  water depths) in the
         Trenton Channel,  Detroit River.

      > Collect  and  conduct the necessary geophysical characterization of  sediment
         cores needed for calibration and validation of the acoustic corer.
-------
       > At the  demonstration sites, provide mapping of the distribution of the  soft
         sediment.

       > Provide a written report on the Acoustic Corer Optimization,  describing the
         rational, approach and results.

       > Provide a survey report on the demonstration site surveys.  This report is to
         include:

              1.  A description of the Acoustic Corer and the fundamentals of operation
              2.  The survey design
              3.  Results of the survey
              4.  Graphical mapping of the sediment distribution for each site
              5.  A calculation of the volume of soft sediment at each site

       All  requests summarized were met.  Because of some  boat logistics problems
during data acquisition, data formatting of the final results hi GIS type ASCII formats
was impossible under the project scope.  However, all Auto-Cad,  Matlab, and  Acoustic
Core Reflection/Sign files were supplied.

       Without the detailed quality assurance program carried  out  during the field
exercises this project would not have succeeded. The quality assurance program enabled
absolute calibrations of the sound sources, which in turn allowed  for the quantitative
identification of the sediment types.
-------
2.0  DATA INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES -
      LAYER SELECTION

      Due to the many unique aspects of the sediment found in the study sites as well as
operational problems encountered with the survey vessel, data interpretation procedures
required significant manual participation in application of the Acoustic Core sediment
identification programs. These unique aspects and problems are summarized as follows:

      •  Acoustic  Impedance  (Appendix  A3.1)  -  The  acoustic  impedance  of
         contaminated sediments is higher than the same non -contaminated sediment.
         The impedance of severely contaminated clays is approximately the same as
         sand. This means that the material identification with impedance alone (the
         standard Acoustic Core AC50/60 program) will not work  in contaminated
         sediments.

      •  Spatial  Variability - In  normal  marine  sediments,  the horizontal spatial
         variation is usually measured in tens of meters (McGee et al.,  1995, Figure
         45).  However in  this riverine site, the contaminated  sediment structures
         exhibited  horizontal spatial variation measured  in meters.  An entirely new
         method to handle computation of bottom loss (impedance) and the signal
         properties  on a trace-by-trace basis rather than a subfile basis was needed.
         Two new Windows-based programs were developed by Caulfield Engineering
         to handle these variations. They are the CAL1 (Expanded Calibration Routine,
         Appendix  A3.5) and the ACRS1 (Acoustic Core Reflection/Sign routine,
         Appendix  A3.6). The  application of these programs   to the generation of
         cross-sections is covered in this  report.   Minor  problems occurred with the
         ship handling  during  data  acquisition.  These problems  prevented full
         integration of  navigation data with the seismic files, causing extensive
         manual data collation to tie these sets of data together during data reduction.
         Also, steering  difficulties prevented the survey lines  from  overlapping
         properly, which necessitated further manual review of the data to compare the
         results from the different seismic frequencies.  Detailed processing corrected
         for all ship handling effects on data variability.

      •  Large Variation in Sediment Layer Thickness - In both survey sites, the layer
         thickness varied from tenths of meters (O.lm) to several meters (2.0 m).  High
         frequency  pingers were  required for the thin layers  and a low frequency
         boomer  was   necessary  to  penetrate  the  highly  sound   absorbing
         contaminated/gas  containing  sediment  layers.   Center  sound  source
-------
          frequencies used were 700 Hz (Boomer), 3500 Hz and 7000 Hz (ORE Finger).
          At 7000 Hz, the ping length was longer in time than the acoustic travel time
          for the layer thickness of the very thin layers,  which prevents these very thin
          sediment layers from being  easily resolved.  In such  cases manual  layer
          identification was required,  as outlined in Appendix A3.8.  The procedures
          used are discussed in this report.

       •  Hard Pan Characteristics - Glacial till type structures became exposed on the
          sediment surface when there was no overlying sediment cover. The glacial till
          was composed of packed sand and varying size rocks.  These rocks caused
          seismic  scattering  and  generated  diffraction  which  added to  the  spatial
          variation.  These  phenomena were identified and separated from  the  layer
          data.  At this time automated programs do not exist to handle this case and
          manual interpretation is required.

       Many of the interpretation techniques used in this work were based on extensions
of standard geophysical procedures used in deep seismic interpretation and integrated
with the Caulfield Engineering material  identification algorithms.   With much diligence
each problem was identified, addressed, and the results were verified with the calibration
procedure and new Acoustic Core routines.

2.1    Layer Identification  Steps

       The first step in the generation of the area cross-section plots is to pick the major
layers.  As discussed above, there were several problems associated with identification of
these layers.  This section delineates the  various procedures and  phenomena used in
isolating the true layers.  These procedures  overcame  all  the major  problems.   For
discussion purposes, the 7 KHz data were  used.  The 3.5 KHz and boomer data were
used selectively to confirm deeper layers in high absorptive contaminated areas.

2.1.1  Step 1: Diffractions

       Rocks often act as point reflectors and scatter the acoustic energy in all directions.
This is shown by "diffraction tails"  which show up in the acoustic records.  Figure 1 is
the CAL1 software display of  a data set that  has strong diffractions. Refer to Appendix
A3.8 for a review of  diffraction patterns  on seismic cross-sections.   Some of these
diffractions have been highlighted  in  Figure 2.  Figure 3 highlights further steeply
dipping coherent energy  diffractions in this acoustic record.  This coherent  "apparent
noise"  is due  to diffraction tails  originating earlier in time.   These diffractions are
generated because of the beam width of the seismic source receiver combination coupled
with the forward motion of the boat. These diffractions, if there are many rock scatters,
forms this apparent noise chatter in the  seismic cross-section. With many rocks one has
overlapping diffractions patterns that generates a  noisy looking record.  See  Appendix
A3.8 for a discussion of diffraction.
-------
 D:\21171E7011E7010008.DAT
                    2    3
                                             0    -6.0  ,  Ampl.  +6.0
ms. 4
                   River Bo ttom
("



w
$
«N
y*
*
V
*,'
f '
Oi
'V
v
J.\
n'-
&
.Si
L'.'i
^V.'
.)<
>
ill 'I
C i
1 ,1
, I
I1'1
















<
<
<]
<
<
<
<
:
i
<
<

;
i
;
<
1
1
1
1
i



J
[>
L
5k
*\
/
±
*
E>
,
.
^
'
l>
\
k
i
>
^
>
















S(s] = 95.16
N[h) = -82.07
Mfoi - i q >i
I^IOJ ~ 1 3.4
Ndi = 0.
D1=0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL=0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                                 Calibration software
                                                                                 output display for
                                                                                 region wi th strong
                                                                                 d1ffract ions
15-48i Disp.Gain=1   Stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X2       Trace No.= 21  Proc No: = 5
                                                                                  Fi gure 1
-------
  D:\2117\E701\E7010008.DAT
         0     1    Z     3    4     5
oo
ms. 4-
                       Di ffractions
                                             0    -6.0 ,  Ampl.

















<
<
<:
<
<
<
!
<
<

&
)
»
,
>
>
>
,
>
i
,
^
^


















S(s) = 95.16
N(h] = -82.07
KIU1 - 1 Q /I
li^aj I j.M
Ndi = 0.
D1 =0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                                 Calibration output
                                                                                 as for Figure 1
                                                                                 Start of di ffractions
                                                                                 hlghlIgted
15.481 Disp>Gain=1   Stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X2       Trace No.= 21  Proc No: = 5
                                                                                  Figure  2
-------
 D:\2117\E£01\E7010008.DAT
1QR      0  |   1   |  2  |  3  |   4  |   5  |      0
1.ad~T ,'v.V'V'rtK'.^,' /.'*>'/','.' i w *; 'V.' 'i *,'" «W 
r>
!>
>
t
»
1
>
\
»
>
>






S(s)-95.16
N(h] = -82.07
N(a] = 19.4
Ndi = 0.
Nw1 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                                    Cali bration output
                                                                                    as  for  Figure 1
                                                                                    Diffraction chatter
                                                                                    high!ighted
15.481 Djsp Gajn=1    stack No=i     vert. Disp
                                                       Trace No.= 21  ProcNo: = 5    F1gure  3
-------
       Figure 4  is the ACRS software "pick" plot  display of the same data set.  The
"pick" plot  displays the layers  identified through  the use of correlation techniques.
Appendix A3.6.1 discusses the  generation of these "pick" plots.  The Bottom Losses
(BL), Appendix A3.3, are plotted at the bottom right of the Figure. In the acoustic data, a
strong and isolated diffraction  is  marked and the  corresponding  severe bottom  loss
variation is highlighted. Notice the extreme variation in bottom loss of 20 db within a
few traces.

       The existence of rocks at the surface is indicated by the characteristic parabolic
shape of the diffraction  and the correspondingly widely varying bottom losses. Further,
the lower extent of sediment, the upper surface of the hard pan, can be found by noticing
where, in time (time representing depth), the rocks appear.

       Figure 5 is the CAL1 software plot of the seismic data nearest where Core 9 hit
rocks.  The  acoustic data has been highlighted to show some high lighted  interpreted
diffractions.   Figure  6 is the ACRS  software "pick" plot  for the same data set which
exhibits the  severe bottom loss variation indicative of rocks and hard pan.   The non-
highlighted seismic records can be seen in this figure, for comparison.

       While the diffractions on the cross-section display in Figure 5  are much weaker
than in Figure 1. they are also more abundant.  Interpreting them is more difficult, in part
because they interfere with each  other, and the diffraction signal tails are weaker than the
normal incidence bottom signal.  However, the basic diffraction shapes, the deep coherent
chatter, and the rapidly varying bottom loss allow identification of the hard pan either on
the surface or below the sediment layer.

2.1.2 Step 2:  Amplitude Analysis

       The envelope  of an  acoustic trace can be  found by  rectifying  the  trace  and
connecting the peaks of the signal.  Appendix A3.8 provides a step by step example for
the trace envelope construction.  An alternate procedure is talcing the value of each
positive and negative peak and  plotting them on  both sides of the  trace as shown  in
Figure 7.  The envelope is found by smoothly connecting all the peaks, indicated by a +
on the amplitude plot, from both sides of the trace.  See Figure 8.  Figures 7 and 8 are
CAL1  software  plots of a  simple  trace where the only significant reflection is  the
reflection from the sediment surface (labeled S) and its multiple (labeled M) on Figure 8.

       In practice, this is seldom the case.  Usually, there is more  than  one reflection
produced by the bottom and  sub-bottom layers. Because the source has a narrow band
width, the wavelets are relatively long and unable to resolve thin layers. With thin layers
there are  two significant reflections and the reflections overlap within  the  acoustical
travel time of the source sound wavelet. See Appendix A3.8 Figure A3.8-5. Even though
the interference effects complicate determining when the  second reflection  begins, the
layers can be resolved with  detailed effort.  In future  projects it is  recommended that
                                       10
-------
  D:\2117^/QHE7010008.DAT

498^   lU'LU  '
fl.oo   ,'o^i'jVA /,•'*>'/;'iV'lV'.. 
 I
               Strong i sol a ted
                  di ffraction
                                      River Bottom
                                                      Subbo t torn
 t    «*55S    -
 I   "S&fe:/*!
      torvtf
ms.
    -. I.".v  •*' S;\!M.!'•'''A.!'"'•! '•• \'' .• '."•{>'; X.v/'L••''•'»}''''
        '"• •" ? j» v: Cvir; • .' 'v^'^> -^> •!'v •:


15.481       	 *             Vpr
2
'> ;V,
*, H •" •
•• •• "'• .'
\. ••«'
V "i'
: ' '


i
! >
i
'.'. •
'• a
ii i/
M''ly
Sr?
'u
'll
II







  S(s)=95.16
  N(h)= -82.07
  N(a)= 19.4
  SRD=1.5
  SG=1.
  Sep= 3.5
  BTr= 5.

  ABL=-9.5318
^sdBL=5.1973
                                                                     r-0.0
                                Vert. Disp=X2
                                                                                 ACRS  "Pick" Plot

                                                                                 Demons tra 11ng
                                                                                 di ffraction's
                                                                                 variable  bottom lo
                                                                                 Figure 4
                                               Severe Bottom Loss  Variation
-------
  D:\21 1 7\E703\E7030062.DAT


         0  |  1   |  2  |  3

       i . 1*. yv, •'•'•.. "' \ "• • ' • , , i  \ . • • v "•
ms. -
                               4    5

                               <. • „>. v.v,
                                 |     0    -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
                 Core 9

                (approximate)
                                Di ffractions

                                to  surface
^ -/^' %V'AN** *<;s;C'X«.S.
^ /J/^'  -ty* > • X-.V/.VA^VS,
 \ *'ff+ •*>/• .V v ^-.. < v/<5>* ^> IN
  w'S'SA*'*;^ •' ;,•• .'•  ^-'V->
'^'»\• *'^V/  -*>•:-'-v'"-»".**"*
'"  . •//"'/. '.'• '^ f%'^v •'* '-, v ' \
,  J>. fij. *  '  '.V.1 .' „ ''*"* , "' V- "  -/•
. >'•• ^^r-. >;'.;'M'i-:-o-i
•»•''', •*• ••  • "• /  ••'-.- "  -'•   '.•''••*  ••
-   :-,."' '•::>•/•• -.'•••  '-/--..•
1 *  .,   •  .  •••>//    /';;   /. / .-
              . -r. V  • ',  '        •• .
                                            v V •
                                           • f/x
                                          '« r .
                  •* '*- /;•
                  "V,v V  "
                   •  . ','/
                     ^. v   - '•

              'y v   > ^
              ff   '
                          ? •


                          • ^/
15.481 D-lsp>Gain=1   stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X2













Ti




-c:
•«=
«t=3
j
<
t
;
;





ace
>



5=-
F3"
t>
>
>
>
>.
>
.





No.













= 21
S(s) = 95.16
N[h) = -82.07
Ndi = 0.
D1 =0.
Nw1 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
Proc No: = 5
                                                                              CAL display for


                                                                              production data near


                                                                              Core 9, which hit rocks
                                                                                Figure 5
-------
 D:\2117\E703\E7030062.DAT
4.98-n,
        0
1
    -lev-'
ms. 4
 00
15.481
 5
. V-v,
RER D:\ACOUr~'C\R270EC02.ASC
  012345
                                                        S(s]=95.16
                                                        N(h)= -82.07
                                                        N(a)=19.4
                                                        SRD=1.5
                                                        SG=1.
                                                        Sep= 3.5
                                                        BTr= 7.
                                                        ABL- -5.7809
                                                    i   sdBL= 4.5458
                                                        SNo=0
                                                        PF=0
                                                        r-0.0

                                                        BL
                                                                               Acoustic core
                                                                               reflection/sign
                                                                               (ACRS) display
                                                                               showlng variable
                                                                               bottom loss near
                                                                               Core  9
                                                                                 Figure 6
                  Vert. Disp=X2
                                                  Core  9  (a pprx1ma te)
-------
  D:\2117\E703\E7030070.DAT
          0
1
ms.  .
\o
       owo
                 .',,.»' A-
         ,  .'   V   '.i,' '. .    i •-.
       * \\-' '' v- VV '\ • " fl »<>{ 'A'.' \'.A i \.- • • ' -
0    -6.0  ,  Ampl. +6.0

J.



<
'
^
"^
<

*• -
r^^ *
>
>
;
>
:

>
>
*
»

L
»•


S(s) = 95.16
N(h) = -82.07
N[a) = 15.4
Ndi = 0.
D1 =0.
Nwl = 0.
D2 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                                      CAL  plot  of simple  trace

                                                                                      Peaks  plotted on both
                                                                                      sides  of  trace
-------
 D:\2117\^703\E7030070.DAT
ljan.JLiil£li
ms. -.
                                        0    -6.0  . Ampl. +6.0
                                         t >,•
                                         fits
        , v   V   '.„•'•,.   I '„    •<  Sl,'.
      ] V,1''S Vl ,'>\•' ''' iV.Y'/I'.' \'.A • *;'' '''", • ''S 'l.\ \'\'•'i
                                     %
                                     »;•:/• ,* •
                                     \'\\*i "•
                                     '&*'<


n ve
(
>









t

ope
\4
^
^
<
<
<
4
<
1
<
;

i
j
j

t
i
;



>
>





\
r










S(s) = 95.16
N(h) = -82.07
Ndi = 0.
D1 =0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2-0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                      CAL plot  showlng
                                                                      envelope  of s1mp1e
                                                                      reflectlon
12<48i Disp.Gain=1   Stack No=1   Vert. Disp
                                              Trace No.= 21 ProcNo: =
                                                                        Figure 8
-------
 a higher frequency source (12 kHz or 24 kHz) with shorter wave lengths be used when
thin  layers are expected.  This will minimize  the work required to resolve these  thin
layers.  It is important to note that the data from  cores collected prior to this survey
suggested thicker deeper layers.  Based on the pre-survey core analysis, very thin layers
were not anticipated and  source wavelets and frequencies were chosen to resolve  both
the thin and deep layers but not the very thin layers.

       The envelope of a trace with two reflections  is shown in Figure 9. The envelope
collapses where they touch because of the interference. The beginning of the second
reflection was taken to be one wavelength (equivalent time) before the first positive
maxima in the second envelope.  Appendix A3.8 Figure A3.8-1 illustrates  the need for
this correction for the proper  wavelet onset (start) time. In cases of more severe tuning,
individual estimates were made  by referring  to  the source wavelet as an aid in
determining peak  locations.

       For each data file, the  beginning of each reflection was determined for the central
trace of three sub-files (remember that each  sub-file  equals 40 pings) 0, 2, and 4.  In
practice, the  reflections were picked and marked at the dominant wavelength after the
start of the wavelet.  These picks or marks were shifted a constant wavelength distance
up later in the analysis. This  shift of one wavelength was required as the pick was at the
maximum and not the weaker start of the wavelet.  See Figure 10 and Appendix A3.8.
The  diffractions and the  bottom  loss  were  also noted.  See  Figure 11.  Usually the
interpretation  was  made  by  connecting  the  beginning of the  reflections  using  the
coherence of the  wave fronts as much as possible  and while noting the length of the
wavelet. There were four (4)  major cycles in each wavelet allowing identification of the
wavelet. In Figure 12, the coherence of the wave fronts in adjacent traces were  of little
assistance in determining the upper layer thickness because the surface reflection  was
much stronger than  the second reflection.  The truncation of the upper layer was taken at
the lateral position  where   the fourth  wave front of the wavelet faded  out due to
interference  effects.  The  coherence was much more useful  in mapping the  second layer
because of  the similar strength  of the  second and third reflections.  The point of
termination of the second layer was partly determined by the bottom losses which started
to exhibit diffraction style behavior as the observable diffraction hyperbolas approached
the surface.  In essence, knowing the shape of the reference wavelet (Figure A3.8-1), both
in number of cycles and envelope shape, one can use this reference and compare it to the
actual  seismic trace.  Coherence  between the reference and  the actual trace allowed
selection of the layer travel time.  When wavelet overlapping occurs in thin sediments,
wave form distortion also helped in identifying the travel time.

The  above discussion demonstrates the need to use higher frequency  sound sources in
future surveys to help resolve thin layers.  At higher frequencies where the wavelength is
short compared to the  layer thickness the trace envelope will look  like Figure A3.8-4
allowing easier identification of the thin layers.  At higher frequencies the pulse length is
shorter and the travel time (distance) is smaller between the wave front cycles of the pulse
allowing easier definition of thin layers.
                                        16
-------
 D:\2117\E703\E7030063.DAT
         0  I   1  I  2  |  3
2    -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
ms.  --
J« 'l , l(



En vel
with " t
"***— S
"St***

J_ jyi ^
T^L'™ T
1^. '
r r^ r_JML.
. jf-i *"P
** ..
" «»•
$^:
•A^:":
:X v' "
** '
* . - * •'
. ••'•//'
'..••"'




pe
n i n
\















g"
K£
\
N
(|
i
^
«




i






^*
D!
i*
.


•











i —
nx.









S[s] = 95.16
N(h) = -82.07
N(a) = 19.4
Ndi = 0.
D1=0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.


sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                               CAL plot demonstrati i
                                                                               wavelet interference
                                                                               Dominant wavelength
                                                                               i s At>
15.481 Djsp
-------
  D:\2117\BP01\BP010025.DAT

         0  |   1   |  2  |  3
5.  ~T
2   -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
ms.
 i—"
 CD
        Amplitude picks

          /       I
                               i ffractdons
15.5-LDispGain=i   stack No=1    Vert. Disp=X2



zzzz
?z~
, '"•• "* •*•
* .'/ •
>•

=X2










4


Thi
re
tit
&v
d"
i-
f"
T
<



, Mo
up



fee
Flee
[ns
—
—
—
'h
by
Xo



S(s) = 95.16
N(h) = -82.07
N|a] = 17.2
Ndi = 0.
D1 =0.
Nw1 = 0.
- D2 = 0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL=0.
sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
Trace No.= 21 Proc No: = 5
                                                                               CAL plot demonstrating

                                                                               ampl1tude picks and

                                                                               d1ffract ions
                                    Figure 10
-------
D:\2117\PP01 \BP010025.DAT
        0  |   1   |  2  I  3
ns.  _L
5.5-1-
                                       RER D:\ACOITTIC\R270EC02.ASC
                                         0     1     2    3    4    5
                                                                       S(s]=95.16
                                                                       N(h)= -82.07
                                                                       N(a)=17.2
                                                                       SRD=1.5
                                                                       SG=1.
                                                                       Sep= 3.5
                                                                       BTr= 5.

                                                                       ABL= -5.6709
                                                                       sdBL= 4.0244
                                                                                ACRS "Pick  plot"
                                                                                demonstrating  variable
                                                                                bottom  loss  from
                                                                                di ffractions

1 I1 .-
^ ;
*>••'
t
--o.o
"BL
nr- t
                               Vert. Disp=X2
                                                                                 Figure  11
                                                             Variable
                                                             bottom loss
-------
  D:\2117\BP01\BP010025.DAT
5.  T
         0
               1
2    -6.0 ,  Ampl. +6.0
ms. J-
 ro
 o
15.5-J-



-
Interpretation
of layers

_j^ w^ •W¥*«p"fc|W»^^.^
•* * 1_ 	 ^aj^^^^^,^**
^^^^^^^^^P^^^-NW»^W^p«^^^^^
. :--*—«*— ^.«.Jg.a»*g
	 • ___^^^MflHM^K5^H>MII^H^BW
^H^ng^M^n^^M^vv
^H^ll«M|VMMf|^|^^^I^^^V>'v
*v< «j>"jfV*'- T".* •-.
ji ^^~^w_ •^•fuuiL.Pnita •« *^M ^^B_
p*4fl|V ••^••'iwii* • *»»^«r««.
*^*i;vrfc-1^li">sr'-
• ~.:V...NS^>.^V*^»
- o>*.:>^r^y
•V-'<^>" /slv
• '!^s \ , *» •-.- % '^ /•s^«^ .
^ v»'-/'-.'-^J* .// ''>'..
^ . • 4 1 t , » -W k ' • * fV /





Rocks to surface
I or nea r surface
I 	
^r>-. T W*«^WIM
^•*N^' *-1 i *^ ^U_KCM&
"""^•[•••l**" ^ Illl"^ ' "*~l™
*^^^^_j_ NN^^J!*rf« IBM^^^IB
. ^^^^9^^^ » ^^^^^^^^ *^^^^^^^^^^B
^ ^<^^f.L ^r^^t^y^ *
-TjtRs?^ l£c2
"• -» -rrfliC • •• _ . ^-
• • - ^w^*^ ^w'-
'.^XjX>,v- ;^'
. '*^v<\2^1 vf-^
• ^ V,-*v/*O*' >s^'
' 1 . - - ' 'j ^ 't* <% «^»
A Vf^'-'k • \|' *» -^
• *•'.' ' . '• /'•/ »., \"i i, ' t ;
' -n. T > " •
k 1 , ^^ •* • f , ,/ - - -t •
- :';:V :••-, r •;;';'-•••• v> 7: ;•*•••'•' ?' •
;,. • '• ..v,
• //
>, '
Diso.Gain=1 Stack
-•',:• •'•:••,.'.--' "
.•'•'.:/.-:::'u
•/•'•_'.' •

























^
.H






•
>
•%
T

J
\
V
(
)
<
I
>
I
i
i
i






















S(s]-95.16
N(h] = -82.07
N(a] = 17.2
Ndi = 0.
D1=0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2 = 0.
L^ •— V •
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.


sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.

BL = 0.

sdBL = 0.
R = 0.
sdR = 0.

No=1 Vert. Disp=X2 Trace No.= 21 Proc No: = 5
                                                                                CAL plot Interpretation

                                                                                usi ng amp!i tude  picks ,

                                                                                coherence  and

                                                                                di ffractions
                                                                                Figure 12
-------
2.1.3 Step 3:  ACRS Plots

       Caulfield Engineering's ACRS program generates two kinds of plots (Appendix
A3.6.1 and A3.6.2).  The first uses a correlation algorithm to pick three events on each
trace (refer back to Figure 11).  Each pick is found versus  time and evaluated for phase
inversion, a + 1 indicates that the reflection has experienced no phase inversion and -1
indicates that it has. The plot is a display of the picks in time along with the phase value.
The phase  value is  shown by either a solid bar (-1) or a hatched bar (+1). See Figure
A3.6-1 in Appendix A3.6.  The bottom loss is also calculated and displayed, as already
introduced  in the diffractions discussion. The numeric data from this display is saved to
an ASCII computer file. The second plot. Figure 13, displays the full wave rectified trace
envelopes (Figure A3.6-2), in a gray scale display. These two displays  are called the
ACRS Pick plot and the ACRS Envelope plot, which will now be described in summary.
The  details of both plots  are  discussed  in Appendix  A3.6  Both these plots  were
interpreted  separately to verify the amplitude layer detection interpretation.

2.1.3.1   Step 3.1:  ACRS Envelope Plot

       The ACRS envelope plot. Figure 13 right hand cross-section, offers assistance in
showing  the existence of surface sediment deposits and their lateral  termination.  When
the surface  envelope is very consistent over many traces, this indicates a uniform layering
effect (label U), and indicates a sediment deposit.  The left side cross-section of both
displays  in  Figures 13 and 14 demonstrate that the seismic cross-section is also uniform
for sediment layering.  The compacted materials, in contrast, produce an  inconsistent
"broken" effect (labeled B). In addition, fluff deposits showed as a weak signal above the
bottom (labeled F).

       The envelope plot is limited as  the display is biased to a wavelet envelope length.
See Appendix A3.8 for the shape of the envelope wavelet.  When the indicated sediment
layer shows as the thickness of the wavelet envelope, it may be quite thin.  Also, if the
surface reflection is  quite strong, the ACRS Envelope plot will not provide a clear lower
second layer (labeled NCS in Figure  13). If the layer is thicker than a wavelength, it is
displayed, but is a weak signal as is shown in Figure 13 (labeled WL). The manual layer
interpretation results, as described in Appendix A3.8, are highlighted in Figure 14.  The
data  does not suggest a gradual surface pinch out, but it does show the end  of both layers.
Also,  the consistency of the upper region is  broken  when the bottom  loss data plot
indicates diffraction behavior, wide bottom loss variation.

2.1.3.2  Step 3.2:  ACRS Pick Plot

       The ACRS Pick plot  picks the top of sediment layers if the layer  is thicker than
the wavelet, and it is very effective at picking diffractions (labeled  D in Figure 15).  In
fact, a diffraction hyperbola that is weak enough to be in doubt in the seismic record, can
often   be   detected    with    the   picked   data   by   the  ACRS    Pick    plot.
                                       21
-------
 D:\2117\BP01\BP010025.DAT
                         RER D:\ACOUnT
-------
 D:\2117\BP01 \BP010025.DAT
                                RER D:\ACOUf~•'•*•»>..../• ,/"'-.H ,-'
                   '.'  •'•'/>, '••'•' v7::1 *•-'
                       '?s/;>  V
0
1
                                          Lateral termination
                                           of two layers
                                                    1
               Broken
              envelope
                        SNtFO

                        PF-0
                                                               S[s)=95.16
                                                               N|h)= -82.07
                                                               N(a]=17.2
                                                               3RD-1.5
                                                               SG=1.
                                                               Sep11 3.5
                                                               BTr= 5.

                                                               ABL= -5.6709
                                                               sdBL- 4.0244
                                                                             ACRS "Envelope plot
                                                                             interpretation
                                                                              Figure  14
                          Vert. Disp=X2
-------
  D:\2117\$P01 \BP010025.DAT
                                  REF: D:\ACOITTIC\R270EC02.ASC
 5.  T
          0
         1
ms.  J.
 ro
15.5-L
0
1
0»^NWV»i|imii*'W'^^
,™,^pfflnflw«fflB«^^                   •*)£
«™*a«P««»^-^
                                  Vert. Disp=X2
                                                                          S(s)=95.1G
                                                                          N[h)= -82.07
                                                                          N(a]-17.2
                                                                          SRD=1.5
                                                                          SG=1.
                                                                          Sep= 3.5
                                                                          BTr= 5.

                                                                          ABL= -5.6709
                                                                          sdBL= 4.0244
                                                                                    ACRS  "Pick  plot"
                                                                                    of  the  same  data
                                                                                    as  Figures  10  -  14
                                                                             Figure  15
-------
This ACRS Pick plot has a similar limitation as the ACRS Envelope plot. It cannot pick
within twice  the dominant wavelength equivalent distance.   This limitation  was due
solely to the project time available and was not a theoretical limit.  The ACRS Pick plot
is effective in establishing a second deeper layer  and following the diffractions to the
surface.  Figures 15 and 16 are examples of this case.  The upper layer is seen to be
thinning out during  subfile 0 (layer labeled "Top of the 2nd...."  in Figure  16), but the
display does not follow it afterwards. The diffractions can be followed  to the surface on
the  right of Figure 16  (labeled SD). The variance in the  bottom loss confirms this
observation.

2.1.4 Step 4:   Integrating the Three Layer Picking Techniques

       Each of the three interpretations is traced onto a grid of the same scale created on
a transparent  sheet.  At  this time, the wavelength correction is made to the amplitude
analysis interpretation to correct for the peak offset (see Appendix A3.8).  Figure 17
shows the equivalent distance (time) of one wavelength (lambda sub  zero).  Figure 18
shows the three integrated interpretations. The solid line is the amplitude analysis and the
cross marks the amplitude picks  corrected for the one wavelength effect. The dashed line
is from the ACRS envelope plot, and the dotted line from the ACRS  pick plot.

       The final  layer identification  was made by integrating all of three interpretations
and is  the result of interpretation by an experienced technician.   Step 5 provides the
reference for  relating  Figure  18 to  the final cross-section.   Consistency was used to
suggest correctness and small differences were averaged.  This plot  represents one file of
one line. The process is repeated for all the files  on a given survey line in the chosen
survey site. The Bottom Loss was also traced, in its own box, just below the combined
plot as a reference interpretation aid.

2.1.5 Step 5:  Survey Line Layer Cross-Section

       When  the layer identification for all the files for one line was completed, each file
layer interpretation was digitized and placed in an AutoCad drawing to produce the line
layer cross-section.   The  layer data in  Figure  19 plotted  between  BPO10025 and
BP10026 is an example of a cross-section layer drawing, without the material type being
identified, and developed from the  examples  given  in  Figures 11  through  17.  The
material type  was then processed and inserted. Section 3 of this report summarizes the
steps for material classification.
                                       25
-------
 D:\2117\BP01 \BP010025.DAT
5.   T
        0
1
4
RER D:\ACOUfnC\R270EC02.ASC

  012345
ms.

 ro
                                                     S[s)-95.16
                                                     N(h)= -82.07
                                     Top  of the 2nd
                                     layer  indicated
                                                     SG=1.

                                                     Sep= 3.5

                                                     BTF 5.

                                          Diffraction ABL=-5.6709

                                                     sdBL- 4.0244
                                                 SD
                                                                           ACRS "Pick plot1

                                                                           interpretation
      - > .  ^rv ^-*».v. ^s*- > >^ ^  \  :
      - o- -,^*i"J*-^v/. :^vvv:X^'   ''(i
      - .>vrxC>•**•:V*4 !• ^^-.*-O '    i:'
      ,'»*.'**. • \ '*. fl".^-."   - V^.  \>"
     .
                                                   r-i '
                                                  v^    IV,
                                       r-0.0



                                        BL
15.5
                        I

                 Vert. Disp=X2
                                                                            Figure 16
-------
 D:\2117IRP01 \BP010025.DAT

          0  |   1   |   2   |  3

5.   -T
                                                     -6.0
ms.  J.
 ro
 ^j
       - »>\^*»7"^^ '5-AKC^
       * v;v. •'•'•**/'•..,   f.  rj."'L*. 'H ,.'
        ','•>'•' ,"•'•.    "T"   "'/ ' ,.''.' K ,, '"»•'• •». • .

        •'  -.  •  -:'   "   '-':• :• ^•;:;1  -  •
                                                --•
                         •^ T;v ^      "
                           '/  '  ^  .'  ./s*  •.' .
                          ' •     ''   •, •. s
                         • 'i      i  . ' '     » V
            J              r ''.'•'•          '
                         * '     "                                                         r '      i 7

       Disp.Gain=1    StackNo=1    Vert. Disp=X2        Trace No.= 21  ProcNo: = 5       lgure
























^e
__
<
•c=|
t
/
^
<
i
^

:
i
:








k
>
:>
•^
^^
i
'
>
>
t
>
>
'
•

















S(s) = 95.16
N[h) = -82.07
N(a) = 17.2
Ndi = 0.
D1 -0.
Nw1 = 0.
D2-0.
Nw2 = 0.
Sg1 = 0.
sdS1 = 0.
Sg2 = 0.
sdS2 = 0.
sdSs = 0.
sdNhyd = 0.
BL = 0.
sdBL = 0
*VF U Ip-f ka \f •
R = 0.
sdR = 0.
                                                                                      CAL  plot displaying


                                                                                      adjustment of  amplitude


                                                                                      pick  times
-------
ro
CO
100
 0
                                              FILE:
BPOl 0025
                                              LINE  NO.: Black  Lagoon  8
                                              FREQUENCY:   7  kHz
                                                 t • « • •
  Amplitude analysis
  Envelope
  Pick  plot
  Amplitude Picks
                                                Bottom loss
                       Display showing
                       integration of the 3
                       interpretations and
                       bottom loss
                                                                                 Figure  18
-------
Data File: BP010023 BP010024 BP010025

Subfile: 01234501234501234
, , A .+ + + + + + + 4
4- 4- 4- -f > 4- > 4- + ^
72.895.67N 72.919.14N 72.945.62N
4.098.773.75E 4.098.782.61E 4.098.782.51E
n
Depth -
(meters) —
-5 -
—
ro
—





i 	 ===— __^_-















BP010026
50123
-4- -f 4-4- 4 A
72.965.08N
BP010027
1 5 0
^-4--*-
r T ^f^
72.984.
4.098.789.49E 4.098,796.












i: 	 	

Ref. File: BP01
Line no1 08





_

StEMNt

'^f^<
W^f

111
• : * '.

__ 	




LEGEND
B^CSOLK**™
roui/iwrr
OJCI
SITT OAV ID OAltt SlI
SIT
Sl!Y SAW) ID SAM)T SlI
SAND
HARO/OCUTACT



1 2
A A
T^ "T"
82N
07E

BP010028
3450
rL i 1 i
"Y" "Y~ -y- 4"
73.005.66N
4.098.804.59E




DCN3IT

1.0 - IJ
1.1 - H
1.4 - l.«
I.I - 19
U- i)
> n



TO1W1W.
POIUHD
scnoi

^^
^^^

^^^
,':'"?:^iV
\. •.•'•,•





Autocad plot
showing the final
layer determination

of line 8
SCALE
o 5 lUm


CAULriD.D CNGINECRING
nur.
BLACK LAGOON, OP01/UHE 8
HV 1:500 22/1 ' /%
JOB lift DW H» CAM/ fit:
_ . _ 2117 pBP01-8
Figure 19
-------
3.0   DATA INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES -

       SEDIMENT IDENTIFICATION

       The final procedure in the generation of the site cross-sections was identification
of the sediment type (material)  and estimation  of the  selected sediment potential
contamination. A set of data from Elizabeth Park site has been chosen to illustrate the
procedures for sediment identification.   As a precursor to these final procedures, the
calibration process was completed (volume 1), and the regional data base was generated
from the core data and simultaneous acoustic survey data (volume 2).  These documents
should be reviewed and  referred to while reading this section.  The final sediment type
selection was determined by the following steps.

3.1    Step 1: Matching the Sediment Layers to the Cores

       The sediment layer types were first selected from core information, and the data
base generated in the core analysis (volume 2).  The layers determined from  acoustic
interpretation nearest the cores were made to have the same sediment type as observed in
these cores.  These changes were then extrapolated, by review of the acoustic records, to
the layers in adjacent lines. This approach is the historical  interpretation procedure, and
works  well  when the sediment deposits extend laterally and are of a uniform nature.
However this technique requires many cores.

       At the Elizabeth  Park site,   the number of cores which could be  collected were
limited, the  sediment deposits were very  localized, and  exhibited extreme  lateral
variations. What would normally  have been a reasonable horizontal distance (10 to 20
meters) in a normal  delta type sediment was, for this project, too great a distance.  Black
Lagoon and Elizabeth Park were both affected by this problem of high spatial variances.

       As a  result of the high spatial variance at the Elizabeth Park site, a 100  square
meter site, five attempts were made to collect  sediment  samples and  only one core
exhibited a sediment layer. Three piston cores (8, 9 and 10) were collected inside the
actual boundaries of the outer Elizabeth Park survey site.  Cores 8 and 9  exhibited only
hardpan in the core nose cone and no sediments layers were found. Core 10 was the only
core which exhibited a sediment layer.

       The lack of more detailed core information in Elizabeth Park necessitated the full
application of the new acoustic patented sediment identification procedures first shown in
the Core Analysis Report,  (volume 2). At this site the new software was put to the test
                                      30
-------
using fully the bottom loss and sign information from the ACRS  software (Appendix
A3.6) to  classify the sediments.   These same procedures were also used at the Black
Lagoon site. However, at this site more cores were available and the analysis was easier.

3.2    Step 2:  Bottom Loss Processing

       The bottom loss measurements were full of random fluctuations depending on site
location.  This is because the layers were variable both in thickness and lateral extent, and
the acoustic energy was  diffracted by rocks at some locations.  To make matters more
complex,  normal averaging over a subfile (40 traces) or a full data file (240 traces) was
not adequate at these sites to resolve the mixed bottom losses of the various materials
resulting  from the spatial  variation.  This spatial variation was often exhibited  by
combinations of two different sediments or, more often, the sediment next to the hard
pan.  There were seldom  enough similar sequential traces to get a good estimate by using
brute force statistical techniques alone.  Occasionally during the collection of data for the
core data base program the boat was correctly anchored and normal statistical processes
worked well for the generation of the data base information.

       To solve the problem for these cases of high spatial variation  a moving average
filter was generated.  This filter allowed derivation of a bottom loss measurement from
each trace weighted by its nearest trace neighbors.  The process is also a  valid statistical
procedure but more memory and computational intensive.  What was new in this analysis
is that every trace received a bottom loss value. The extreme redundancy in this approach
resulted in a smoothed and stable curve ( Figure 20).

       The process of obtaining this data was as follows:

       •   Bottom  Loss   The bottom loss was calculated by Caulfield Engineering's
          ACRS (Appendix A3.6) program and the output text file was saved for each
          data file.

       •   Line Data   These bottom loss ASCII files were grouped together so that there
          was one file with all the bottom loss values for each line. A program was
          written which reads these values into Matlab for processing. See Program
          Listings 1 and 2, Appendix A2.1.

       •   Smoothing Filter - The "smoothing" process, Program Listing  2, averaged the
          Bottom  Loss  value in question  with the 20 traces before it,  for the desired
          trace position  in the  line, and the 20 traces after it.  This average is output as
          the smoothed  bottom loss value for that position in the  line was used in the
          calculation. This approach outputs as many averaged bottom loss values as
          the number of values in the input data set.  At the  ends of the line,  this
          symmetry is broken because of no further data, so from trace 21 to trace 41 in
          the last subfile bottom losses for each of these traces are filled with the mean
                                       31
-------
                                 Bottom Losses for: LOS
   10
o>
32
"55
CD
.c
"o
o
E
V)
              200
  400        600        800
       Trace  Number
Standard  Deviation Curve
1000
1200
                           Smoothed bottom loss
              200
  400        600        800
       Trace  Number
1000
1200
                                                Bottom Loss Display
                                                Smoothed bottom losses wi
                                                standard deviation calcul.
                                                by  moving average techniq1
                                  32
                                                    Figure 20
-------
          value of Bottom Loss at trace 21. This number of 41 traces for the smoothing,
          found by trial  and  error, provided the optimum smoothing for these sites.
          Note that other sites might require different smoothing functions depending on
          the sonar equipment employed and the regional spatial variations.  Refer to
          Figure 20 to view the display of this process output.

       •  Standard Deviation Analysis - This smoothing was not quite sufficient in itself
          for the sediment classification, because the lateral variations were so extreme.
          The  program also calculated the average standard deviation  of the  same
          bottom  loss values.    The  average standard deviation was useful for
          differentiating hardpan from sediment deposits and was not influenced by the
          thinness of the bed, a few rocks within the layer, or similar random factors. In
          essence  the layer  "irregularities" were  used as additional data  points to
          augment the sediment classification process.  Refer to Figure 20 to view the
          bottom loss standard deviation.

       An example of the  application of these procedures is provided in Figure 21 and
Figure 22.  Figure  21 is a  draft cross-section and Figure 22 is the bottom  loss working
analysis sheet used to provide the  deposited sediment identification. The process which
used both sedimental and  textural differences for analysis can be summarized for this
example as follows:

       •  The lateral extent of the layer was determined from the cross-section (traces
          801 -1050).
       •  This range of the lateral extent was found on the Bottom Loss Graph (Figure
          22) and  indicated by  the  bold line on the bottom curve between the two
          vertical dark lines.
       •  The standard deviation was studied and its local minimum point found.
       •  The standard deviation curve should have a flat spot here.
       •  The  smoothed  bottom loss, again on  the  bottom curve between the two
          vertical  dark lines in  Figure  22,  corresponding to this local range of flat
          minimum standard  deviation  values  was the best estimate of a  deposited
          sediment.

       This technique allowed the identification of depositional sediment layers though
they were thin and  spotty.  The  severe scattering of the sound from the hard pan allowed
for identification of these layers.

3.3   Step 3:  Contamination,  Bottom Loss, and Plus Sign
       Percentage

       The existence of contamination (pollution)  and/or  gas bubbles may  affect the
bottom loss as established  in the  volume II, section 4.3.2. The summary data from this
report is  reproduced in Figure 23 and illustrates the deviation of study site sediment
                                       33
-------
OJ
Data File: E703
Subfile:
-<
71.3
4,098.4
n
U
Depth ~
(meters) -
-5 -
—
m
Geographical Position -
0007 E703
D 1 2 3 4 5 (
> + + + + + <
79.28N 71.4(
93.47E 4.098.4

r-t^-^'-" '•' '. ,.••.".•*' r1



0008 E7030009
51234501 2
^ 4. 4. 4. -4- 4- 4- 4- 4-
34.66N 71.428.89N
97.44E 4.098.508.45E

••.!• •^'•^'L~f^±
'•'-'''• '''^^\^S&*-~
^T
IU
Ref. File: E703
Line no: 03

«'•' vv

NORM.
SBIIEMT
J*X*IvX'
^^^
^^
^^P
^^^
^r^i/Y;
t : •* '

E7030010
34501 23
71.456.56N
4.098.520.44E

.'- -' -*•'•.' 1 !•*.*••
;. 'N.-*'*;-
E7030011 E7030012
4501 23450
**** + + + + +
71.485.48N 71.499.35N
4.098.530.38E 4.098.560.60E

• '-..J V
1
LEGEND
BA9C SM. KSOBT10H
FDAH/nifT
OUY
3.TT OAT IB OA1R1 SLT
SLT
SLIT SAW TO SWOT SLT
SAW
ninyawACT
OENsrrr
r1/01

u-u
1 J - M
u - u
1.1 - 1.1
W- ZJ
>jj
pouinni
SEDUEXT
:;X;X;X
JSSK

ilipl
^^
S55S';
."' :'•• i

• .:-^^Sf»
'••• •;-•;•-.':•;•!


ft'.'^V T i
ki U • »l
1 1

Traces 801-1050 1091-1130
LATERAL DISTANCE SCALf;

CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
ELIZABETH PARK. E703/UNE 3
urn rr. stuii OMC.
HV 1:500 16/1/97
X8 HOt DIG NQ CJOO nL
2117 qE703-3
                                               Cross section  showing lateral  limits
                                                         of  sediment layers.
Figure  21
-------
                                Bottom Losses for: LOS
              200
400        600        800

    Trace  Number
          1000
          1200
33
w
TJ
0)
.C
4— '
O
o
E.
              200
400        600

   Trace  Dumber
800
1000
t
1200
                                                  Average over
                                                  limited B.L.  range
                                         Bottom loss plot showing

                                         lateral limits of sediments.

                                         Valid range of bottom  loss  is

                                         subset with small stable  S.D.
                                                  Figure 22
                                 35
-------
k
o
u
re
u.
c
_o
"3
o
0-
-5
Estimated Pollution Factor Vs. Delta Bottom Loss
1 *1
10
Q

g

4
o
* » >i -
00 0.





•
•


•
•






•
•













00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20


I + Series'!

.00
Std. Marine - Observed Bottom Loss (db)
(Delta Bottom Loss)
                                          Graph  showing effect  of pollution
                                          on bottom  loss.
Caulfield Engineering
                                                           Figure 23
                                      36
-------
bottom loss values from standard marine sediment bottom loss values plotted versus
gross pollution level found in the Trenton Channel USEPA cores. This gross pollution
level is an arbitrary value derived by assuming the USEPA core with the highest quantity
and diversity of foreign elements of chemical, oils, and metals had the highest pollution
level and then scaling down as fewer foreign elements were found in the cores. With the
bottom  loss  smoothing  and  standard  deviation  approach  described  above,  site
depositional sediment areas were determined and located. Noting that these anomalous
sediments in the Detroit River differ from standard marine sediments by varying degrees,
calculated bottom loss magnitude values, in themselves, are not enough to decide the type
of sediment, only differentiation of depositional sediment from hard pan. The variation
of bottom loss within that sediment made it impossible for proper sediment identification
unless additional information was available.

       Caulfield Engineering's ACRS program  also measured the phase value of  each
major reflector in the trace, in terms of+1 or -1, where the values were determined from
doing the cross-correlation of the source wavelet with bottom trace (Appendix A3.6).
The sign shows that the first reflection was reflected normally, as in the non anomalous
case, or with a 180-degree phase inversion as with the  anomalous sediment case.  The
phase shift occurred because of the gas content of the sediments.  These values became
meaningful  by using statistics  over  a  number of traces to calculate  the  plus  sign
percentage, the calculation of the percentage of traces which are NOT  phase inverted.
The smoothing approach used in the bottom losses calculations was modified  slightly to
produce a similar plot of the plus sign  percentage and its standard deviation (Figure 24).
See Program Listings 3 and 4, Appendix A2.2, and Figure 24.  This example uses the
same  range of traces (41) to  compute the  moving average of the plus sign percentage
along the survey line used to filter the bottom loss measurements.  Figure 25  shows the
Plus Sign Percentage output (darken line between traces 800 and 1000) for the surface
layer discussed in the bottom loss computations discussed above.

       The Core Analysis Report (volume  2, section 4.3.4) shows the plot of Plus  Sign
Percentage versus Change in Bottom Loss  and the plot of  Pollution Factor versus
Change in Bottom Loss.   Figures 26  and  27 reproduce these figures from that report.
Linear Regression was used with these data sets to determine the minimum squared error
relationships to develop functional relationships (equations) for the data in each of these
Figures. These equations were then represented as functions of the Plus Sign Percentage:

              DeltaBL = 25.23  - 0.4325 * PSP
              PF      = 17.7765 -0.2746* PSP
      where:
             DeltaBL = Change in Bottom Loss of study site sediments
             PSP     = Plus Sign Percentage
             PF      = Pollution Factor
                                       37
-------
   Values=+l ,-1
             200
         Plus Percent for: LOS
                                                                       co
400        600        800
     Trace Number
1000
1200
100
                                               J 5Ta n cliff d " "dif 71 Tt t OT(
             200
400        600        800
      Trace  Number
1000
1200
                                        Plus percentage  display calculat

                                        from moving  average process.
                                                     Figure 24
                                  38
-------
-1
                              Plus Percent for: LOS
           200
           400        600
               Trace Number
                     800
          1000
 0
200
400        600
     Trace  Number
800
  Plus
  over
t
   1000   f   1200
percent averaged
the same range
                                                                 as  BL
                                  Plus percentage plot showing  same
                                  restriction in trace number  as  in
                                  bottom loss determination.
                               39
                                              Figure  25
-------
                     Plus Percent vs Change in Bottom Loss
  90
           !      I
  80
  70
  60
c
-------
          Pollution Factor vs Change in Bottom Loss
-2
468
Delta Bottom Loss
10     12     14     16
                               Graph demonstrating  relationship
                               between pollution  factor and
                               change in bottom  loss.
                     41
                                        Figure  27
-------
       The Plus Sign Percentage, the Change in Bottom Loss and the Pollution Factor
were then calculated for each layer in each line.  The percentage of traces which are not
phase inverted is inversely proportional to the  change in bottom loss.  The measured
bottom loss was then corrected, by this change in bottom loss to determine an estimate of
the non-anomalous bottom loss (BL)o. Table 1 presents these summarized computations
for the  lines at Elizabeth  Park, a 100 meter  square  site.  Note that the  arithmetic
complement of the plus sign percentage (100 -  PSP) is the correct value for PSP used
because of a small sign bug in the ACRS program.

       The non-anomalous bottom loss value, bottom loss corrected for changes in study
site bottom loss allows the sediments to be identified, as to type, by comparing it with the
standard marine sediments curve, developed by Hamilton (see Table 2).  Table 2 has been
reproduced from Volume 2. These approaches produced layer type determination. These
estimated sediment types matched the independent interpretation in adjacent survey lines.
Also, the estimated sediment types agreed with the cores and seemed  reasonable given
the flow and currents of  the river.

       The calculation of the pollution factor itself was a useful  double  check, because
some values were outside the established range from 0 to 10.  These outliers were reset to
the extreme edge of the range (either 0 or 10) and a correction was made to the calculated
non-pollution bottom loss value based on the slope of the regression curve. Such values
were  given  an  unconfidence level (Unconf) reflecting the  amount  they exceeded the
range.   This  was  considered  when making  the  sediment type  assignment.   The
unconfidence level is listed in Table  1 on the far left column headed as Unconf. These
out of range values  only arose due  to the extremely small data set  available  for the
generation  of the functional relationships between acoustic  variables  and  the  core
information.

3.4   Analysis Summary

       The results discussed in this report are based on the calibration and core analysis
carried out in Volumes 1 and 2 of the project. Therefore, it is important to note that the
procedures  and equations developed  are site dependent. As further  data is acquired at
additional core  sites, the relationships discussed can be improved. The success of the
project was the result of the  piston cores and acoustic data being acquired simultaneously
under strict quality assurance programs.

       An additional parameter, the absorption as a function of frequency, could not be
used in an analytical manner for the final sediment identification.  The difficulty with the
vessel handling prevented  production  data position  overlap  at the  different source
frequencies.  This added information would  have provided further confidence in the
sediment type selection.
                                       42
-------
Table 1
Zero Pollution Bottom Loss and Pollution Factor calculations

Queen Elizabeth Park

Line 01

Trace Range
161-200
371-400
415-465
466-500
521-561
635-650

Line 03

Trace Range
181-240
401-440
641-690
761-800
951-1020
1091-1130
1161-1200

Line 05

Trace Range
1-40
121-160
381-561
601-680
871-980
1071-1100
1161-1200

Line 07

Trace Range
1-40
201-240
281-320
541-600
641-680
721-760
801-840
881-960
990-1050
1101-1140
1201-1240
1351-1440



PSP
65
65
65
65
80
55



PSP
40
67
73
60
85
l_ 95





PSP'
35
35
35
35
20
45



PSP'
60
33
27
40
15
c
85 1 15



PSP
65
75
55
22
92
65
57



PSP
85
75
65
50
30
40
65
75
77
93
83
60



PSP'
35
25
I
I



BL
0.00
-5.50
-10.50
-7.50
-5.50
-6.00



BL
-2.50



DeltaBL
10.09
10.09
10.09
10.09
16.58





(BL)o
-10.09
-15.59
-20.59
-17.59
-22.08
5.77[ -11.77



DeltaBL



(BL)o
-0.72| -1-78
-9.00 10.96 -19.96
-10.00| 13.55 -23.55
-5.00J 7.93
-4.00I 18.74
-12.93
-22.74
-0.50 23.07 -23.57
-6.00 18.74 -24.74



BL
-4.50
-4.00
45 -3.00
78 j -4.50
8
35
43



PSP'
15
25
35
50
70
60
35
25
23
7
17
-3.00
-1.50
-7.00



BL
-2.00
-6.00
J_ 1.00
-2.50
-4.50
-1 1 .00
-1 1 .00
-9.00
-4.00
-9.00
-5.00



DeltaBL
10.09
14.42






PF
8.17
8.17
8.17
8.17
12.28
5.42



PF
1.30
8.71
10.36





PF
8.17
8.17
8.17
8.17
10.00
5.42





(BL)o'
-10.09
-15.59
-20.59
-17.59
-16.80
-11.77



PF
1.30
8.71
10.00
6.79I 6.79
13.66
16.40
13.66


I
(BL)o
-14.59
-18.42
5.77 -8.77
-8.51 4.01
21.77 -24.77
10.09
6.63



DeltaBL
18.74
14.42
10.09
3.61
-5.05
-11.59
-13.63



(BL)o
-20.74
-20.42
-9.09
-6.11
0.54
-0.72J -10.28
10.09| -21.09
14.42
15.28
22.20
-23.42
-19.28
-31.20
17.88 -22.88
PF
10.00
10.00
10.00



PF
8.17| 8.17
10.91
5.42
-3.64
15.58
8.17
5.97



PF
13.66
10.91
8.17
4.05
-1.45
1.30
8.17
10.91
11.46
15.85
13.11
40j -8.00I 7.93 -15.93 6.79
10.00
5.42
0.00
10.00
8.17
5.97



PF
10.00
10.00
8.17
4.05
0.00
1.30
8.17
10.00
10.0C
10.0C
10.0C


(BL)o'
-1.78
-19.96
-22.72
-12.93
-14.29
-8.76
-16.29



(BL)o'
-14.59
-16.31
-8.77
-4.42
-11.87
-11.59
-13.63



(BL)o'
-12.29
-18.31
-9.09
-6.11
-2.80
-10.28
-21.09
-21.31
-15.91
-17.67
-15.6S
6.79 -15.9C





Unconf




3




Unconf


1

4
7
4



Unconf

1

i
6





Unconf
L
•










43
-------
                       TABLE  1  concluded

Line 09

Trace Range
41-120
361-440
521-660
691-720
721-820
861-920
961-1000
1041-1080



PSP
45
55
50
55
65
57
80
73
1121-1160 80
|
Line 11

Trace Range
201-240
401-480
1081-1120
1241-1280
1521-1560

Line 13

Trace Range
1-40
91-200
211-240
271-400
811-850
901-960

Line 14

Trace Range


PSP
80
75
66
60
70



PSP
95
95
80
75
65
52



PSP



PSP'
55
45
50
45
35
43
20
27
20



PSP1
20
25
34
40
30



PSP'
5
5



BL
-0.50
0.00
-2.50
-6.00
-2.00
-3.50
-6.50
-7.50
-5.50



BL
-3.00
-5.00
-1.00
-2.00
-6.00



BL
1.00
1.00
20| -4.00
25
35
48



PSP'
-1.50
-3.00
-1.50



BL



|
DeltaBL
1.44
5.77
3.61
5.77
10.09
6.63
16.58
13.55
16.58



DeltaBL
16.58
(BL)o
-1.94
-5.77
-6.11
-11.77
-12.09
-10.13
-23.08
-21.05
-22.08



(BL)o
-19.58
14.42| -19.42
10.53
L 7.93
12.26



DeltaBL
23.07
23.07
16.58
14.42
-1 1 .53
-9.93
-18.26



(BL)o
-22.07
-22.07
-20.58
-15.92
10.09| -13.09
4.47



DeltaBL
-5.97



(BL)o



PF
2.67
5.42
4.05
5.42
8.17
5.97
12.28
10.36
12.28



PF
12.28
10.91
8.44
6.79
9.54



PF
16.40
16.40
12.28
10.91
8.17
4.60



PF
The reflections of the data at the beginning of the line were clipped.
601-720
60 1 40) -2.00I 7.93
-9.93
I


PF
2.67
5.42
4.05
5.42
8.17
5.97
10.00
10.00
10.00



PF
10.00
10.00
8.44
6.79
9.54



PF
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
8.17
4.60



PF

6.79 6.79


(BL)o'
-1.94
-5.77
-6.11
-11.77
-12.09
-10.13
-17.80
-20.22
-16.80



(BL)o'
-14.30
-17.31
-11.53
-9.93
-18.26



(BL)o'
-7.26
-7.26
-15.30
-13.81
-13.09
-5.97



(BL)o'

-9.93



Unconf






3
1
3



Unconf
3
1






Unconf
7
7
2
1





Unconf


Table 1 Symbols

PSP - Plus Sign  Percentage
PSP'  - Complement PSP
BL -  Bottom Loss (db)
Delta BL - Observed  BL minus Normal  Sediment (NS) BL
(BL)o - Normal  Sediment BL extracted from Observed BL
(BL)o' - Corrected for end points
PF -  Pol 1ution  Factor
PF'  - Pollution Factor corrected for end points
Unconf - Unconfidence factor
-------
                               TABLE  2

                   Bottom Loss - Standard Marine Sediments
Material
Density    Bottom    Impedance
          Loss
Sand-Coarse
Sand-Medium
Sand-Fine
Sand-Very Fine
Silty-Sand
Silt
Sand-Silt-Clay
Sandy-Silt
Clayey-Silt
Silty- Clay
Clay
Fluff
2.03
2.01
1.98
1.91
1.83
1.6
1.58
1.56
1.43
1.42
1.26
1.1
7.8
8.3
8.6
9.1
9.9
12
12.1
13.5
15.2
16.1
20.6
23
3734.7
3508.7
3443.3
3254.5
3063.3
2611.1
2493.9
2420.1
2198.9
2157.1
1891.1
1600
                       Bottom Loss vs. Density
                     Standard Marine Sediments
                         y = 0.0022X4 - 0.0464X3 + 0.4045X2 - 0.7418x + 8.2664
                                        R2 = 0.9899
                              Density (gm/cmA3)
                                       45
-------
4.0   DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

       The cross-sections for the Black Lagoon and Elizabeth Park, each a 100 meter
square site,  are presented along with a transect running into Elizabeth Park Channel.
Bathymetric and  sediment  layer thickness contours are provided with  estimates of
volumes of depositional sediment which might be dredged.  The results are presented for
each major site and then an example is given on the procedures used for the computations
of sediment volumes. The wide variations in spatial distribution are confirmed.

4.1    Cross-Sections for Black Lagoon Site

       Plates 1 and 2, Appendix A1, are the ship navigation tracks for the Black Lagoon
Site.  Two plates were  used to display the survey lines, as the number of survey lines
were too many to place on one plot.  Each survey line is identified by a four character
code (BP01) and a line number. In Plate 1, the circle with a cross in the center represents
the location, along each survey line of the zero subfile number of each data file.  Plates 3
through 17 are the cross-sections plots of the survey line acoustical data displaying
sediment type and layer identification. Each subfile position is indicated on the top of the
plate by a circle with a  cross through it. The navigation location for all zero subfiles is
also given. The 7 KHz data and tracks were used as the prime data source.  If core data
was available along a track,  two plates are presented. The first plate of the set plots the
cross-section with the core position indicated (see Plate 3),  and the second plate  shows
the cross-section with the core stratigraphy  superimposed  on the cross-section (see Plate
4).  A comparison of the core stratigraphy superimposed on the  acoustical stratigraphy
provides  a visual demonstration of the close agreement between acoustical data and
physical core characterization.

       The Eastern most survey line on Plate 3 (data  file  BPO10001-subfile 1)  shows
considerable fluff on the seismic record. This was confirmed by the core data.  This area
had the most fluff of any site surveyed.  Not all of the  fluff appeared  on the seismic
records. For this fluff to exist there must be a very low current flow. It is suggested that
as the current flows, the shadow of the sandbar causes an interruption in the flow
allowing the sediments to  deposit.   Further, because  of these phenomena,  it is
hypothesized that Black Lagoon could be a settling pond for the  river flow.  All  of this
pollution and sediments could not have originated at this site.  Small amounts of fluff
were also detected along the  center line of this site above the polluted sediments.

       In summary, the survey line cross section illustrates a thin sediment layer near the
surface, often less than a meter in thickness, often demonstrating a high degree of spatial
                                       46
-------
variation. Layers of silt,  silty sand, sandy silt, sand, clay  and foam/fluff at the water
sediment interface were observed. In some locations the hard compacted sediment, hard
pan, is  exposed at the surface.  The overlay  of core stratigraphy  on the acoustical
stratigraphy demonstrated close agreement.

       Plate 18 is a distribution map of surface depositional sediments by density group
types.  Figure 28 is a color printout of this same distribution map. The spatial variations
in sediment type are confirmed showing  sediment deposition in various pockets.  Fine
grain soft sediment, silt or clay, seem to have been deposited along the  shore line. The
heavier sediments,  silty-sands are deposited along the Eastern side of the site out toward
the center of the channel in areas of stronger current.

       The depth  and surface area of  potentially  dredgeable sediments have  been
estimated for Black Lagoon as follows:

             Sediment Layer Greater Than    Volume of Dredgeable Sediment
                         1 meter                       3070 cubic meters
                        0.5 meters                     5430 cubic meters
4.2   Cross-Sections for Elizabeth Park Site

       Several seismic survey lines were run in the Elizabeth Park site using different
frequencies.  Plate 19, Appendix Al displays these survey line.  Plates 20 through 29
show the survey line cross section  plots of acoustically characterized sediment layers.
Again, the 7 kHz data were used as the prime data source with the other frequencies being
used to aid interpretation.  Cross sectional plots of survey lines with core data are again
presented in sets with the second plate showing the core stratigraphy as an overlay of the
acoustically developed stratigraphy.

       The northern portion of this site contained anomalous depositional sediment of
silty-sands and clay. However this site exhibited  less anomalous depositional sediment
than Black Lagoon as measured by the deviation of site sediment bottom loss values from
the standard marine sediment bottom loss values. This is reasonable as the river floor is
more uniform in this area as compared to Black Lagoon indicating the potential for more
uniform sediment erosion  by  water current and less tendency for pockets of sediment
deposition to form. As in Black Lagoon, thin  layers of fluff were  again found  in the
northeast portion of the site.

       In general the east survey lines exhibited large areas of hard compacted sediment
exposed at  the  sediment surface  with  some  sediment  deposition occurring  where
depressions in the  hard pan provided a protected area for deposition.  Such a case is
                                       47
-------
   Color map of  Black Lagoon  sediment  classifications
Figure  28
MflHM
                                                                                   LEGEND
                                                                               M9C SOL DBOrm
                                                                              nut/nor
                                                                              CUY/9LTY OAY
                                                                              CUT (M SUAUV MB
                                                                              SHY SNB ID SMBV SLT
                                                                              an MB ON «JT SMB
                                                                              SMDONWYSMB
                                                                                      0   10 20m
                                                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                 CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                     LACK LAGOON SEDIMENTS
                                                                                     HV   Is"1*1-mnn /MIEii5/j/97
 DM ff
-------
exemplified in plate 20  "E7010009" subfile 04 and  05 at the  location of core 10.
Movement west towards shore exhibited an increase in the number of sediment pockets
and an increase of depositional  sediment  surface area.  The Elizabeth park site on the
whole exhibited fewer and thinner layers of depositional sediment than Black Lagoon.

       Plate 30 is a distribution map of depositional surface sediments. Figure 29 is a
colored version of the same map. The spatial variations are confirmed with depositional
sediments located in various pockets.  However, a comparison with the  surface map for
Black lagoon shows the increased presence of surface hard pan. Along the southwestern
shore line,  the fine grained sediments seem to have been sparsely deposited with most of
the depositional sediments being silts or clays.  The heavier sediments, silty-sands are
deposited along the northern and  northeastern side  of the site.   The  depositional
sediments are also relatively thin in this site with most of the sediments being trapped in
bottom depressions.

       The estimated dredge volumes for Elizabeth Park were as follows:

              Sediment Layer  Greater Than   Volume of Dredgeable Sediment
                        0.5 meters                    210 cubic meters
                        0.25 meters                   530 cubic meters
4.3   Cross-Sections for Elizabeth Park Channel

       Several seismic survey lines were run down the center of the Elizabeth Park North
Channel site  using different frequencies.  The channel is a shallow narrow tributary
entering the Trenton Channel.   The shallow water depth and the narrowness of the
channel width allowed only multiple passes over a center line running down the channel.
The boomer, 700 Hz frequency, data were used to obtain  the  cross-section for the
Channel (Plate 31). The boomer was needed to provide sufficient energy to penetrate the
sediments  which exhibited a high degree of sound adsorption possibly due to  high
concentrations of contaminants/gas  in  the  sediment  areas  from  file  EB030023  to
EB030029 on Plate 31. The intermediate  sediment layering in areas away from the cores
is estimated from the low frequency, low resolution data.  The  navigation map for this
line is shown in Plate 19.

       The channel has a very shallow hard pan section at the mouth where the channel
enters into the Trenton Channel.  This exposure of hard pan is the result of the erosion by
the  higher current velocity.  Plate 31 file EB030029 - file EB030031 displays the location
of the hard pan. Moving up the Elisabeth  Park channel the effects of the Trenton Channel
current decrease and sediment deposition occurs.  Deposits of clay overlying silt which
overlies silty sand represents the primary  layering.  However, one area of silt  exposed at
the  surface over lying silty sand was also encountered. This decrease in current velocity
has  allowed the fines, contaminated silt and clays, to accumulate in the Channel as shown
                                       49
-------
                     Color  map of  Elizabeth  Park  sediment  classifications.
                                                                              Figure  29
on
O
           NORINM
nta


TUSH)


nan


n,m


TUB


7X470


71,410


n4eo


71.440 - -


71.430 - -


71.4M - -


71.4X1 - -


71400 - -


TUB - -


TUB - -


7VJ70 - -


TUB - -
                  nyo
      -\	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
                     !  !  !  I  IS
                           I  I  I  1  i  II  i  I
                                                                                             LEGEND
                                                                                           0  10  20m
                                                                                        LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                EUZABETH PARK SEDIMENTS
                                                                                                DC
                                                                                                      SCAIE
                                                                                                        1:1000
                                                                                                20/1/97
-------
in Plate 31.  The cores  for the site are shown  in the adjacent plate,  Plate 32.  A
comparison of core stratigraphy to acoustically estimated density group stratigraphy once
again demonstrates close agreement.

       Depositional sediment volume estimates where made by noting that the available
surveyed Channel length, where sediment deposits occurred, is approximately 18 meters
long. Also, it was assumed that there was a linear change of hard pan depth to each of the
nearby shorelines, which averaged 10 meters on each side of the survey line.  The mean
sediment thickness of 2.1  meters occurred along  the center of the survey  line between
files EB030023 and EB030029. These assumptions yielded a calculated total dredgeable
volume of 378 cubic meters.

4.4   Estimating Sediment Volumes  - Black Lagoon

       Because this is the  first time for the application of the techniques discussed in this
report  and combined with the  ship handling problems, many of the procedures  were
accomplished through semi-manual processing. Using Black Lagoon as an example, the
step by step procedures used and the results are presented in the following subsections.

4.4.1  Step 1:   Data Sampling and Contour Plots Generation

       The AutoCAD plots were  used to construct ASCII  (TEXT)  files, Figure 30,
containing the position coordinates and the  water depth and  thickness of sediment in
meters  at that position. In Figure 30 "Top" refers to the water depth to  the sediment
surface and  "Bottom" is  the depth from the surface to the bottom of the depositional
sediment layer.  A data set for  each of the cross-sections in the Black Lagoon site was
constructed following this  format. These data sets were then used to create several plots.

       A Matlab program, FLAYER3.M, was constructed to generate the contour plots
of the sediment thickness.   Appendix A2.3 provides a listing for this program.  The data
is first  interpolated onto a  grid and then plotted as contours.  Figure 31 shows the output
plot with all the contours of sediment thickness shown in quarter meter increments.  For
ease of plotting computations,  the Northing  and Easting position coordinates  were
adjusted to show only the last 4 digits. To convert  to the true Northing scale, add 70,000
meters  to the listed Northing, and to  convert to the true Easting scale, add 4,090,000
meters  to the listed Easting. A five-meter increment was chosen for the interpolated grid
size of the plot.  This grid size generated coupled with the mean  depositional sediment
thickness hi the grid generated  a cube with a given volume.  Summing the volumes in
each grid, cube produced the total computed dredgeable volumes.   Smaller grid spacing
values produced no significant improvement in resolution; however, larger grid spacing
values degraded the detail.
                                      51
-------
Northing
72863.75
72868.16
72872.56
72879.09
72885.62
72891.48
72897.33
72906.55
72915.77
72927.81
72939.85
72952.83
72965.80
72977.70
72989.60
73001.25
73012.87
73015.44
73018.00
73022.15
73026.31
73029.86
73033.41
73034.68
73035.96
Easting
4098790.87
4098793.02
4098795.17
4098796.34
4098797.51
4098800.42
4098803.33
4098809.52
4098815.71
4098816.77
4098817.83
4098818.42
4098819.00
4098822.01
4098825.02
4098831.25
4098837.49
4098839.58
4098841.67
4098842.44
4098843.21
4098841.72
4098840.24
4098836.85
4098833.45
Top
5.3
4.9
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.5
2.9
1.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
Bottom
6.7
6.3
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.1
4.8
5.4
2.5
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.6
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
                                List of geographic coordinates  and
                                top & bottom of sediments for line 2
                                                     Figure 30
                                  52
-------
    3040
    3020-
     3000
     2980 /-/-/-A- + -"
   0)2960
     2940
     2920 K--^3
     2900
     2880-
                 Black Lagoon Sediment Contours (in meters)
     2860
       8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                     Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
Add 70,000 m  to  Northing

Add 4,090,000  m  to  Easting
Contour map  of Black Lagoon
sediment  thickness.
Contours  from 0.00 to2.25 m
                                 53
                                                   Figure 31
-------
      As an aid in planning dredging activities,  the  above plot  was re-plotted for
sediment thickness contours greater than 1 meter, Figure 32, and for sediment thickness
contours greater than 0.5 meter, Figure 33. These two minimum depths were targeted as
probable practical dredging limits.

      Only the  contours  within  the  survey boundary  have correct values.   The
extrapolation  techniques  produce  some data  corruption outside  of the survey area.
Another Matlab  program,  FLINES.M (Appendix A2.4), was generated to display the
extent of the survey lines on the same scale as the contours.  Figure 34 shows this output.
The extent of the valid contour data is determined by connecting adjacent ends of lines to
enclose the area of the survey as shown in Figure 35.  The extent of the valid contours is
displayed by superimposing the outer bound data of Figure 35 onto the contour plots as
shown in Figures 36  and 37.

4.4.2 Step 2:  Dealing with Extrapolated  Grid Values.

      The dredging volume estimates are calculated from the interpolated grid values
saved to disk by Program  Listing  5, Appendix A2.3. Figure 38 illustrates a listing of
some of these values, as output by MATLAB,  in ASCII  format.  The information is the
Easting, Northing, and sediment thickness on a regularly spaced grid line. The data set
was reformatted as shown  in  Figure 39. The data has been changed from exponential
format into fixed decimal for easier reading.  More importantly a fourth value is added to
indicate whether the point was inside or outside of the survey area.  A value of 1 means
that the position  is inside the survey area, whereas a  zero indicates an extrapolated data
point. Data was accumulated in these formats for the entire site and then used to compute
the volumes of sediment.

4.4.3 Step 3:  Two Volume Estimates for Black Lagoon

      Sediment thickness contouring using a depositional sediment thickness criteria of
1 meter or greater identified 3 depositional areas.  In Figure 40 these areas are labeled la,
Ib, and  2.  Figure 41 shows  7 depositional areas selected using  a  sediment thickness
contour interval criteria of greater than a 0.5 meter.   Volume estimates were calculated
for each of these areas using  the Matlab program,   Listing 7 (Appendix A2.5).  This
program calculates the total volume subject to the following constraints:

      •  A specified range of Northing values.
      •  A specified range of Easting values.
      •  The thickness  must be greater than the  minimum contour  interval criteria
          selected.

      The program  uses  the flag  encoded information in the  input  data set to
automatically  reject values outside of the survey area. When a given data point satisfies
the criteria, the sediment depth is added to a running total.  Finally, when there are no
                                       54
-------
3040
       Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 1 m)
2880
2860
   8700 8720  8740  8760  8780 8800  8820  8840  8860
                 Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
                             Contour  map  of Black  Lagoon.
                             Sediment  depth of 1.0  m or more
                            55
Figure  32
-------
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 0.5 m)
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980 /-/-/-,
0)2960
  2940
  2920	
  2900
  2880
  2860
    8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                   Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m

                              Contour map of Black  Lagoon.
                              Sediment  depth of  0.5m or more
                               56
                                               Figure 33
-------
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980
0)2960
Ic
i—
22940h
  2920
  2900
  2880
                       plot map of lines 02 - 22
  2860
    8700  8720 ' 8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                              Easting
                              Geographical extent  of  Black
                              Lagoon  Survey Lines.
                              57
                                            Figure  34
-------
                      plot map of lines 02 - 22
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980
c?2960
  2940 -
  2920
  2900
  2880
  2860
    8700  8720  8740  8760  8780. 8800  8820  8840  8860
                              Easting
      Geographical  extent  of  data integrity.
                               58
                                               Figure 35
-------
3040
3020
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 1 m)
2880
2860
   8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                 Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
                             Geographical extent of valid
                             contours, 1m and  greater.
                             59
                                               Figure  36
-------
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 0.5 m)
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980 /-/-/-,
c?2960
  2940
  2920 -/---
  2900 --
  2880
 ^2860
    8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                  Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
                              Geographical  extent of  valid
                              contours greater than 0.5m.
                               60
                                                 Figure  37
-------
Easting
Northing
Layer Thickness
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.73'50000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7350000e+003
8.7400000e+003
8.7400000e+003
8.7400000e+003
2.9900000e+003
2.9950000e+003
3.0000000e+003
3.0050000e+003
3.0100000e+003
3.0150000e-)-003
3.0200000e+003
3.0250000e+003
3.0300000e+003
3.0350000e+003
3.0400000e+003
2.8600000e+003
2.8650000e+003
2.8700000e+003
4.7742731e-001
1.8752866e-001
4.3373187e-001
9.7079171e-001
1.3096406e+000
1.43647696+000
1.36344786+000
9.7386564e-001
9.7317738e-001
1.44570036+000
2.0303591e+000
1.31038926-001
7.3050225e-002
3.3442422e-002
            List  of  MATLAB  output.
            Thickness  interpolated/extrapolated  into
            a uniform  grid.
                                61
                                               Figure  38
-------
Easting   Northing    Thickness  Inside/Outside Flag
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8735.00
8740.00
8740.00
8740.00
2990.00
2995.00
3000.00
3005.00
3010.00
3015.00
3020.00
3025.00
3030.00
3035.00
3040.00
2860.00
2865.00
2870.00
0.48
0.19
0.43
0.97
1.31
1.44
1.36
0.97
0.97
1.45
2.03
0.13
0.07
0.03
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
           Regular grid data in fixed decimal
           format with a validity flag.
           Valid data is inside the survey.
                              62
                                             Figure 39
-------
3040
3020
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 1 m)
2880
2860
   8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                 Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
                             Suggested  dredging  sites  based

                             on 1.0m  mini mum depth.
                            63
Figure  40
-------
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 0.5 m)
  3040
  3020-
  3000
  2980 /-/-/-.
0)2960
  2940
  2920 L-/—'
  2900 --
  2880
 ^2860
    8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                  Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
                              Suggested  dredging sites  based on
                              0.5m mini mum depth.
                                                 Figure  41
                             64
-------
more points to consider, the sum total depth is multiplied by the grid increment in both
the Northing and Easting directions to give the volume estimate. The results are echoed
back to the MATLAB Command window where they were printed as shown in Figure 42.
A safety margin of 10 percent was added  and the numbers were then rounded off.  This
safety margin was used to compensate for the fact that an interpolation cube consisting of
grid size and sediment thickness might have missed some sediments because of the high
spatial variability in the sediment structures.  Figures 43 and 44 show estimated volumes
using, 1 meter and O.Smeter contour criteria, respectively.

      For discussions  above, the  volume estimates were prepared in a  semi-manual
manner.  With better ship handling in  the future and  improved navigation  interfaces,
much of this  semi-manual work can be automated. However, the present manual data
base and procedures will allow calibrations of future automated programs. The correct
automation procedures will depend on the spatial  variations expected and knowledge of
the optimum grid size before hand.  As shown earlier in this report, the spatial variations
were much greater than expected  and  prevented the immediate  use  of off the  shelf
software.

      Figure 45 illustrates the  bathymetry for the Black Lagoon site a product of the
Matlab program.   The  Matlab program, FWDEP.M (Appendix A2.6),  was used  to
generate these contours.  The bathymetry of the Black Lagoon study site  illustrates the
sand bar  located in the north east corner which the sediment density group analysis
identified as silty sand  over  slightly more compacted silty sand and sand.  Moving in
toward shore, deeper water and sediment depositional areas are encountered .

4.5   Estimating Sediment Volumes  - Elizabeth Park

      The Matlab programs developed  above for Black Lagoon were only modified for
the different data set  names,  and then used to generate  the estimated sediment volumes
for the Elizabeth Park site. Program Listing 9 is provided in Appendix A2.7 to illustrate
the different data set name changes. No sediment thickness contours greater than 1  meter
were found at the Elizabeth Park site, therefore a minimum contour interval of 0.25 meter
and 0.5 meter were selected.  The sediment contour plots for these contour intervals are
shown in Figures 46 and 47. It is expected that dredging a layer of thickness 0.25 meters
is unrealistic. The plot  was provided to give a better understanding of the area.  The
actual survey line positions, shown in Figure 48,  were plotted to determine the site for
contouring boundary.

      Figures 49 and 50 shows the contours within the limits of the actual survey data
for both  the minimum 0.5  meter and  0.25  meter minimum thickness contouring
respectively. The areas of sediment deposition are highlighted and the volume estimates
calculated.  The 0.25  contour criteria, Figure 50, identified a small number of sediment
deposits in the center of the  survey site that are not highlighted.  These  deposits were
identified as sand and not included in the dredging  volume computations.
                                       65
-------
» fvol

northmin.2 =

        2890

northmax2 =

        2935

eastmin2 =

        8710

eastmax2 =

        8735

minthick2 =

    0.5000

thick2 =

   12.5900

vo!3 =

  314. 7500 =
 Output from program fvol for Area 3 of Black Lagoon
 and target thickness of 0.5m.  10% is added and result
 is rounded off.
                        66                    Figure 42
-------
3040
       Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 1 m)
2880
2860
   8700  8720   8740   8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                 Easting  Contour inverva! is 0.25 m
    Total  value =  3070m3
                               Volume estimates  for  suggested
                               dredging sites.   (Based on- 1m
                               target . )
                           67
                                              Figure 43
-------
        Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 0.5 m)
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980 /-/-/-,
0)2960
  2940-
  2920 --
  2900 --
  2880
 ^2860
    8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840  8860
                   Easting  Contour inverval is 0.25 m
         Total  volume  =  5430m3
                                   Volume estimates for suggested
                                   dredging  sites.   (Based  on  0.5m
                                   target depth .)
                                                  Figure  44
                               68
-------
  3040
  3020
  3000
  2980
0)2960
22940
  2920
  2900
  2880 --
            Black Lagoon Water Depth Contour Plot (in meters)
  2860
     8700  8720  8740  8760  8780  8800  8820  8840   8860
                               Easting
             Black  Lagoon Bathymetric  Contours.
                                69
                                                 Figure  45
-------
             Elizabeth Park Thick Sediment contour plot (over 0.5 m)
  1520
  1500
  1480
  1460


en
_c

f 1440
o
  1420
  1400
  1380
  1360
                       O
                          i	i
                                             8
                                              i	i
     8420  8440   8460   8480  8500  8520   8540  8560   8580

                   Easting  (Contour Interval is 0.1 m)
                Contour map  of  Elizabeth  Park.



                Sediment depth  over 0.5 meters.
                                70
                                               Figure  46
-------
1520
1500
           Elizabeth Park Thick Sediment contour plot (over 0.25 m)
1380
1360
   8420  8440   8460   8480   8500  8520   8540   8560   8580
                 Easting  (Contour Interval is 0.1 m)
                  Contour map of Elizabeth Park.

                  Sediment depth over  0.25 m.
                             71
                                              Figure 47
-------
                  Elizabeth Park Survey  Lines 01-14
1520
1500
1380
1360
   8420   8440   8460  8480   8500  8520   8540  8560   8580
                            Easting
     Geographical extent  of  Elizabeth Park  survey lines.
                              72
                                            Figure  48
-------
1520
1380
1360
           Elizabeth Park Thick Sediment contour plot (over 0.5 m)
1500	T	r-/--X.	-*-->
   8420  8440   8460   8480  8500   8520   8540  8560
                 Easting  (Contour Interval is 0.1 m)
8580
       Total  volume  =  210m3
                                Suggested dredging sites  with
                                volume  estimate, based  on target
                                .thickness of 0.5m.
                              73
                                              Figure  49
-------
           Elizabeth Park Thick Sediment contour plot (over 0.25 m)
1520
1500
1380-
1360
   8420   8440
8460   8480   8500  8520   8540
 Easting  (Contour Interval is 0.1 m)
8560   8580
     Tota1  volume = 530m3
                                Suggested  dredging  sites  with

                                volume  estimate, based  on target

                                depth of  0.25m .
                             74
                                              Figure  50
-------
       The  water depth contours for the  Elizabeth Park  survey area  are displayed in
Figure 51.   The bathymetry of this site indicates a relatively uniform decrease in water
depth moving to the southwest.
                                         75
-------
1520
1500
                  Elizabeth Park Water Depth (in meters)
1380
1360
   8420  8440   8460   8480   8500  8520   8540   8560  8580
                  Easting  (Contour Interval is 1 m)
           Elizabeth Park  Bathymetric Contours.
                             76
                                               Figure  51
-------
5.0   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

       The  Acoustic  Core0 System is  capable  of mapping  in  shallow water where
sediments exhibit a high degree of spatial variation. Existing software was modified and
additional software written to meet  the challenge of acoustically mapping sediments in
shallow waters where sediments exhibit spatial variability and contain micro gas bubbles.

       In future surveys it is recommended that a higher frequency source be used as  an
aid in resolving the thin layers. Also, it is recommended that wider bandwidth sources,
such as chirps or sparkers, be used to better resolve the bottom reflection sign.  This will
accelerate the data reduction procedures.  The low frequency sound sources employed  on
this  survey  will still  have to be used  to determine the  depth of thicker potentially
contaminated gas containing sediments, as these sediments are extremely absorptive.

       At sites where sediment  cores were  collected,  sediment core stratigraphy was
compared to the acoustically estimated  density group stratigraphy and generally good
agreement was seen.   There was  agreement between acoustical data and cores  collected
the year before.

       The  Caulfield  Engineering plotting software demonstrated the  ability  to create
cross section plots of acoustical  data expressed as sediment density groups (sand, silt,
clay etc.).  The   cross section  plots provide a tool, usable by managers, for  the
visualization of depositional sediment distribution and volume.  This type of survey and
mapping provides  the reconnaissance  tool needed in designing and implementing cost
efficient assessment of contaminated sediments.

       Two  sites on  the  Detroit River, Trenton Channel were  surveyed during this
demonstration project.  Sediment deposits of the Elizabeth Park site were very localized
and exhibited extreme lateral variability.  Hard compact sediment is often exposed with
depositional  sediment thickness ranging from 0 to about 1 meter with a volume of around
530 m3.

       Depositional sediment dominates the surface area of the Black Lagoon site with
some areas of exposed rock and hard compact sediment.  Depositional sediment is less
localized and exhibits less spatial variability than the Elizabeth Park site. Depositional
sediment thickness ranged from 0 to about 2.25 meters with a volume of about 3,070 m3.

       The project demonstrated the existence of sediment fluff or foam overlaying some
of the surface sediments.  This fluff was found both by  the piston  cores and in the high
                                       77
-------
frequency acoustic records.  The role of this fluff in the transport of contaminants and
its' effect on sediment resuspension should be further studied.

       The deviation  of contaminated sediment acoustical properties from  standard
marine sediments may provide a tool for the acoustical identification  of contaminated
sediments.  With the availability of selected core sites  in which the contamination has
been  chemically  measured  and the  physical  geotechnical soil properties  have been
determined, a data base relating the acoustic properties  of the sediments to the physical
and chemical sediment properties can be constructed.  With additional research this data
base might be used to quantitatively determine the thickness and lateral distribution of the
contaminated sediments. It is critical for the success of such a  program that the data be
acquired with a detailed quality assurance program which allows absolute determination
of the source level and the source  wavelet shape.  Additional research is needed in this
area.

       For long term research, it is suggested that a laboratory procedure be assembled to
start measuring the acoustic properties of each type of contaminant when combined in
marine clays.  This will enable the construction of more detailed data bases of acoustic
properties versus the types of contaminants.
                                        78
-------
6.0   BIBLIOGRAPHY

       The following documents have been used in the preparation of this report.

Breslau, L.R, 1965, "Classification of Sea-Floor Sediments with a Ship-borne Acoustical
       System", Proc. Symp, "Le Petrole et la Mer", Sect. I, No. 132, pp 1-9, Monaco,
       1965, (Also: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Contrib. No. 1678,  1965).

Caulfield Engineering,  1995, "Micro  Survey-Acoustic Core and Physical  Core Inter-
       relations with Spatial Variation - Trenton Channel  of the Detroit River, Field
       Activities and  Calibration Documentation", Volume I,  Caulfield Engineering,
       December 30, 1995, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield Engineering,  1996, "Micro  Survey-Acoustic Core and Physical  Core Inter-
       relations with Spatial Variation - Trenton Channel  of the Detroit River, Core
       Analysis and Summary Findings", Volume II, Caulfield Engineering, March 23,
       1996, Job No. 2060.

Caulfield,  D. D., 1991, "Digital Field Shallow Seismic Acquisition System®, Version
       DF25  Manual",  (computer  program  and  manual,   IBM-PC),  Caulfield
       Engineering, Oyama, BC, Canada.

Caulfield,  D. D., and Yim, Y.C., 1983, "Predictions of Shallow Subbottom Sediment
       Acoustic Impedance Sediment while Estimating Absorption and Other Losses",
       Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 19(1), 44-50.

Farara,  D.G., and  Burt,  A.J.,  1993,   BEAK  Consultants  Report:  Environmental
       Assessment   of Detroit  River   Sediments  and  Benthic  Macroinvertebrate
       Communities - 1991. Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy, London,
       Ontario.

Giesy, J.P.,  Graney, R.L., Newsted, J.L., Rosiu, C.J., Benda, A., Kreis, Jr., R.G.  and
       Horvath, F.J.  1988,  Comparison  of Three Sediment Bioassay  Methods using
       Detroit River Sediments.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:483-498.

Hamilton, E. L., 1970, "Reflection Coefficients and Bottom Losses at Normal Incidence
       Computed from Pacific Sediment Properties", Geophysics 35, 995-1004.

Hamilton,  E. L.,  1980, "Geoacoustic  Modeling of the Sea  Floor",  Journal of the
                                      79
-------
      Acoustical Society of America, 68(5), 1313-1340.
Helstrom, C. W. , 1960, "Statistical Theory of Signal Detection", Pergamon Press, New
      York.

Long, E.R.  and L.G. Morgan.  1990. The Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment-
      sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA
      Tech. Memo. NOS OMA 62.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
      Seattle, Wa.  174pp.

McGee,  R.  G., Ballard, R.  F.,  and Caulfield, D.D., 1995, "A Technique to Assess  the
      Characteristics of Bottom and Subbottom Marine Sediments", Technical Report
      DRP-95-3, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,  MS.

Michigan Department  of Environmental  Quality (MDEQ).  1987.  Stage  1  Report:
      Remedial Action Plan for Detroit River Area of Concern.  Surface Water Quality
      Division, Lansing Michigan.

Officer, C. B., 1958, "Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmission", McGraw-Hill,
      New York.

Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., and Hayton,  A. 1993. Guidelines for the Protection and
      Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario. Water Resources Branch,
      Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario.

Urick, R. J., 1983, "Principles of Underwater Sound", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and  Environment  Canada (USEPA and EC).
      1988.  Final Report: Upper Great Lakes  Connecting Channels Study Volume 2.
      December 1988. pp. 447-591.
                                     80
-------
               APPENDIX Al

         CROSS-SECTION PLATES
All Auto-Cad Drawing Prepared for this Report are
          Contained in this Appendix
                    Al-l
-------
                                    Plate  1
Mtnwc
                                                                                      0  10  20m





                                                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                  CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                     -
                                                                                 DM tf.
                                                                                        BUCK LAGOON
                                                                                      HV
	1:1000 j"^7/1/97

0*0•» ' "~	—feim'Kr.	

          BLLAGMAP j
-------
                                                Plate  2
>
I—'


CO
73.CHO •




UOJO .




ji.ua •




71010 -




71000 .




TZ.WO •




7ZMO •




71170 •




7ZNO •



7J.MO .




71MO -
71*20 •



Tt,*IO •



71100 •



nan -



ntta •



run •



TZ.MO •



nxe -
                                 H	1	1	1—I—I—I	1—I—I	1	f-
    §   I  I   I   I   §  I
    i   $  I   $   I   I  I
                                                            I  i
                               USTMC
H	1	1
                                                                                                                               0   10  20m



                                                                                                                           LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                    CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                   not
                                        BLACK LAGOON-PART 2
                                                                                                    HV
                                                                                               MHO-
                                                                                                   2117
                                                                                                          SC«lt
                                                                                                                                        1:1000
                                                                                                                     OAK.
                                                           J7/1/97

                                                          CMO'St'"	

                                                           BLLAG-2
-------
                                                                 Plate  3
 Data File:
     BP010000

 Subfile:  0
                        Geographical Position


                   1            2
  BP010001

     0
     BP010002

5        0
   72.863.75N
4.098.790.87E
Depth
(meters)-
  72.965.80N
4,098,819.00E
                                                                                                                                         73.035.96N
                                                                                                                                      1.098.833.45E

             Ref.  File:  BP01
             Line  no:   02
                                                                              LEGEND
                                                               NORM.
                                                               SDMNT
                                                                      BASC SOL otsanni
                                                                        rom/nar
                                                                        cur
                                                                        SLIT OAT ID CUttY SLT
                                                                        sir
                                                                        art SAW m Mior ai
                                                                                       U - 1.4
                                                                                       U- M
           P01EN1W.
           POUVID)
           sawm
                                                                                                                        5  10m
                                                                                                                LATERAL DISTANCE SCAt£
                                                                                                                CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                       LAGOON.  BPQ1/UNE  2
                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                  JQSM>
                                                                                                                     2117
                                                                                                                            CMDMc
                                                                                                                              1:500
                                                        '15/1/97
                                                                                                                                     CMPIHIT.
                                                                                                                                     DBP01-2-A
-------
                                                                       Plate  4
 Data  File:
     BP010000

 Subfile:   0
     Geographical Position 	


1              2             3
                  BP010001

                     0
                                             BP010002

                                                0
     72.863.75N
   4.098.790.87E
     0
                  72.965.80N
                4,098,819.00E
                                             73.035.96N
                                          4.098.833.45E
Depth
(meters)-

   -5 -
         »$w$ss-.«;• %l.i;Ji-*f5>v'V^">vJi
                                                         • •--•' "v.i?v<; •^•fffay^tfr-i
             Ref.  File:  BP01
             Line no:  02
                                                                                 LEGEND
NOMM.
SEDtOfl
       B*3C soi oacnmoN
                                                                           mu/nar
                                                                           cur
                                                                           SLIT CUr ID CUWT 9LT
                                                                           sir
                                                                           S.TT SM» TO J»WT Sir
                     ooqrr
                                                                                            - U
                                                                                          IJ - 1.4
                                                                                          IJ- U
POIOflW.
POU/ltD
sonar
                                                          5  10m
                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                  CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                       BLACK LAGOON. BP01/LINE 2
                                                                                                                           HV
                                                                                                                         2117
                                                                 1:500
                                              "15/1/97
                                                                        CAtOllC.
                                                                        bBP01-2-B
-------
                                                       Plate  5
I
cr>




Doto File: BP010006 BP010007 BP010008
Subfile: 0123450 1 2 3 4 5 0
72.880.39N 72.933.80N 73.018.45N
4.098.787.82E 4.098.803.27E 4.098.829.19E
n
Depth ~
(meters) —
-5 -
10

•" v.\WA.VJAWJ kVvVv LUT-r0?

IU
Ref. File: BP01
Line no: 04

SSSS^ilpl^^
^^^^^^^^^ ^.*w^r .4 v-.^.rL. ^JTr^^s^^^
^^T-Tiv^i-.'v1 ••'•/ .'•'"•'•' ••'•'*• ''•"•*'*•' :'-«':'"-'' •'••;f"- :••"?'• v:*-:!.-/^'^
LEGEND o 5 10m


.
MMN. 8A9C SOI OBCHPKM KNOT NUUIED i ITTDII nicnurr CVMI r
SBMNT »i/cc SOMNT LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
•.•:•:••••.•;-:• row/hifr ::•:•:•:•:-.
^^ <»*T 1j°-|J ^§*
^^ surr cut ro CUYEY ai u - 1.4 %»/'%
^S *' "-" « CAULFIELD
"$%%& art SWB ID SWOT ai u - u 5888§§ niir-' """' "~*~^

ENGINEERING
WA'-i »» '•»-" .15^' BLACK LAGOON, BP01/LINE 4
.: :.. H«o/toypAci >« .v;.,: "»"« .... ««if
MV
1:500 14/1/97
JOB HO: DK NO CWI) Of-
2117 oBPOI-4
-------
Plate 6








3»
1

















Data File: BP010013 BP010014
Subfile: 012345012
72,877. 75N 72,91 7.86N
4.098.778.64E 4.098, 791. 51E
n
Depth
(meters) -
	
-5 -
m





^ • '•*•-•• ^^T^' .*'• - <••' •. ;-»-rfcz^A
• • ,N •••



3
4-




BP010015 BP010016
450123450
4. -f 4-4-4-4-4-4-4-
72.964.49N 73.000.60N
4.098.796.99E 4,098,81 4.71 E

-«*
iu •



Ref File- BP01

Line no: 06








WMAl
sowar

^^
Msjffl

yXJyjy
vte^'J-'









	 <£

.?.«: :^-:} •."•.••''•'•' 	
LEGEND n 5 inm

BASC SOL KSCKFmM

nmt/nar
CUY
SUY cur n OAYCY SIT
SLT
SUY MM W MWT SLT
SMO

HARD/CflrACT
POIWlut ^>^^^^a
DOSTT POUJU1ED
f./. stMon LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE

1.0 - U ^^
U - 1.4 %^% | 	
«- M CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
u - 14 5»S» nnr- 	 	
u -u ;^<^v BLACK LAGOON, BP01/LINE 6
. ,, •...••• am tr. suit Mil'
'" > .-.•<• U\l l.cnn ic /< Ini
i ' • 1. OWU l-J/ \ / 3 (
M titi VKttt CAM HE
2117 pBPOI-6
-------
                                                                              Plate   7
                                  Geographical Position 	^-

              Data File:     BP010023            BP010024             BP010025         BP010026         BP010027          BP010028

              Subfile:          01234501   23450123450123450123450
                          72.895.67N
                       4.098.773.75E
  72.919.14N
4.098.782.61E
  72.945.62N       72.965.08N        72.984.82N         73.005.66N
4,098,782.51E     4.098.789.49E     4,098,796.07E       4.098.804.59E
            Depth
            (meters)
i
oo
                       -5 -
                                  Ref.  File:  BP01
                                  Line  no:  08
                                                                                          LEGEND
            MMN.
            SEMINT
                    U9C SOI OBCXnON
                   na/nar
                                                                                   cua
                                                                                   art cur m cuirr SLT
                                                                                   airv sow n> turn sit
                                                                                   HWD/ttWACT
                                                       KN91Y
                                                        fi/x
ramiw.
raiUID
SOWHT
    0   5  10m

LATERAL DISTANCE SCAt£
                                                                                                                                CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                               MWBY
                                                                                                                                 BLACK LAGOON. BP01/LINE  8
                                                                                                                                     HV
                                                                                                                               x*w>
                                                                                                                                   2117
                                                                                                                                           owm
                                                                               1:500
                                                                                                                                                       tssr
                                                                                                              10/1/97
                                                                                      atuni.-
                                                                                       pBPOI-8
-------
                                                                                 Plate   8
                                 Geographical
                    ->
              Data File:   BP010036          BP010037           BP010038         BP010039      BP010040       BP010041         BP010042

              Subfile:          01  234501  23450123450123450123450123450
            Depth
            (meters)
vo
                          72.887.30N
                       4.098.759.54E
   72.907.08N
4.098.769.02E
                            72.930.54N       72.950.97N     72.967.55N      72.984.78N        73.002.43N
                         4.098.768.86E     4.098.771.72E   4.098.778.09E    4.098.784.51E     4.098.793.36E
                         0
                        -5  -
                       -10
                                                                                       LEGEND
Ref.  File:  BP01
Line  no:  10
                                                                                 F°**/mfF
                                                                                 sirr OAT w OATtr SIT
                                                                                 SLTYSUWWWeYSLT
                                                                                 HMD/COrACT
                                                                                                 totan
                                                                                                 1.4 - U
                                                                                                 '•»-'•»
                                                                                                       poraiui
                                                                                                       fauna*
                                                                                            0    5   10m

                                                                                         LATERAL DISTANCE SCMf
                                                                                       CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                      mil-                ~~~	
                                                                                        BLACK  LAGOON.  BP01/LINE 10
                                                                                            HV
                                                                                         >
                                                                                          2117
                                                                                                                                           SOIL-
                                                                                                                                                1:500
                                                                                                                                                       BAIL-
                                                                                                                        L5/l/?7_
                                                                                                                     cwofit"
                                                                                                                     pBPOMO
-------
                                                                    Plate  9
                       Geogrophlcol Position
  Data  File:   BP010050        BP010051       BP010052      BP010053       BP010054       BP010055         BP010056

  Subfile:          0123450123450123450123450123450123450
Depth
(meters)
3=-1
t—'
 I
5.
              72.898.74N      72.916.89N      72.935.18N     72.951.50N     72.968.75N      72.9B2.87N        73.003.33N
           4.098.754.02E    4.098.759.15E    4.098.760.27E  4.098.766.05E   4.098.766.95E    4.098.778.69E     4.098.783.60E
              0
            -5  -
                                                                                  -^£B2£
                                                                                            Jt-lV
                                                                                          li*
                      Ref.  File:  BP01
                      Line  no:  12
                                                                            LEGEND
                                                                           MRVAl
                                                                           SHOT
                                                                      BASK SOL DCCRPIKW
                                                                                 RMH/IUfF
                                                                     OAT
                                                                     SLIT OAT n OArtT SIT
                                                                     SLT
                                                                     9LIY SMI) ID SMUT 9LT
                                                                     SMO
                                                                     HMD/toaMCT
                                                                                     1.0 - IJ
                                                                                     IJ - 1.4
P01DIIIAL
NUUTED
SHOT
    0   5   10m

LAHRAL DISTANCE SCALf
                                                                                                                               |_CAI^nELD_EM!NEERiN_G..
                                                                                                                                ™feLACK LAGOON. BP01/LINE 12
                                                                                                                   wTf
                                                                                                                         HV
                                                                                                                       2117
                                                                                                                               XHL
                                                                                                                                                1:500
                                                                                                                                           BMC
                                                   15/1/97
                                                                                                                                                       U0> l
                                                                                                                                                       pBPOt-12
-------
                                                               Plate   10
                       Geographical Position
  Data File:    BP010065          BP010066           BP010067           BP010068         BP010069         BP010070       BP010071

  Subfile:          01   234501   234501  23450123450123450123450
Depth
(meters)
               72.897.59N
             4.098.742.99E
              0
           -10
  72.919.78N
4.098.747.08E
  72.941.95N
4.098.753.07E
  72.963.97N
4.098.758.67E
  72.983.87N
4.098.764.28E
  73.002.70N
4.098.774.91E
  73.020.25N
4,098.781.99E
                      Ref.  File:   BP01
                      Line  no:  14
                                NORM.
                                SBMNT
                                                                            LEGEND
                                                                      sac soi otswFuon
                                                                     S1TY OAY TO OAYtT SIT
                                                                     art s*» ID swcr ai
                                                                                     KH3TT
                                           POTOIIUL
                                           PCUU1OI
                                           SEM4KI
                                                                                     1.0 - IJ
                                                                                     t.« - IJ
                                                                                     1J-1I
                                                      0   5   10m

                                                  LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                                    CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                       BLACK LAGOON, BP01/LINE 14
                                                                                                             OAlE"
                                                                                                                         HV
                                                                                                                       2117
                                                                                                     1:500
                                                                                             15/1/97
                                                                                                             CMOFU:
                                                                                                             pBPOI-14
-------
                                                                  Plate  11
                       Geographical Position
  Data  File:   BP010078    BP010079        BP010080        BP010081          BP010082       BP010083     BP010084      BP010085
  Subfile:         01234501234501  234501  23450000000123450123450
Depth
(meters)
   72.894.10N    72.909.2BN
4.098.730.35E  4.098.733.31E
                                          72.927.76N       72.946.25N
                                        4,098,739.95E     4.098.747.22E
            72.966.65N      72.983.29N    72.999.65N     73.014.80N
         4.098.750.29E    4.098.757.00E  4.098.759.77E  4.098.768.21E
                      Ref.  File:   BP01
                      Line  no:   16
NonuL
SHOT
                                                                            LEGEND
                                                                      vac soi OCSCHPTOI
       nm/nar
                                                                      MTT cur ro cutn ai
                                                                      *T
                                                                      siir «•> TO swr a?
                                                                      HMO/UXPACT
                                                                          oanrr
                                                                          im/ec
                                                                                       - IJ
P01ENML

XDKMT
    0   5  10m

LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                                     CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                     5j.ACK_LAGOON. BP01/LINE.  16
                                                     WefT"""
                                                           HV
                                                                                                                        2117
                                                                                                                                *"* r.500 1^16/1/97
                                                                             cworu.-
                                                                             DBP01-J6A
-------
                                                                              Plate  12
                                   Geographical Position
              Data File:    BP010078     BP010079        BP010080        BP010081          BP010082       BP010083      BP010084      BP010085
              Subfile:          01234501234501  234501   23450000000123450123450
            Depth
            (meters)
CO
   72.894.10N    72.909.28N
4.098.730.35E  4.098.733.31E
  72.927.76N
4.098.739.95E
                                                                      72.946.25N
                                                                    4.098.747.22E
  72.966.65N      72.983.29N    72.999.65N     73,014.80N
4,098,750.29E    4.098.757.00E  4.098.759.77E   4.098.768.21E
                                   Ref.   File:  BP01
                                   Line  no:   16
                       WMUL
                       SMCNI
                                                                                         LEGEND
                                                                                   M9C SDL OtSOPIW
                                                                                  cur
                                                                                  »IY OAT ID OA1CY 3.1
                                                                                  91TT SAW TO SNOT 9.T
                                                                          CW3IT
                                                                           fn/te
                                                                                                  1.0-M
                                                                                                  1J - 1.4
                                                                                                  U-IJ
                                                                                                  >u
                    raiDnui
                    pouuini
                    SOMNT
    0   5  10m

LATERAL DISTANCE SCAl£
                                                                             CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                      LAGOON.  BP01/LINC  16
                                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                                     2117
                                                                                                                                             SCAlt
                                                                                              1:500
                                                                                                                                                         PAlt
                                                                                                                                     16/1/97
                                                                                                     CMBFIL
                                                                                                     PBP01-16B
-------
                                                               Plate  13
                       Geographlcd Position 	>•

  Data File:    BP010094      BP010095         BP010096        BP010097        BP010098          BP010099      BP010100

  Subfile:          01234501  234501234501  234501  23450123450
Depth
(meters)
  72.897.36N     72,913.00N
4.098.719.31E  4.098.726.00E
                                            72.932.39N       72.952.02N        72.972.09N
                                          4.098.732.52E     4.098.737.50E     4.098.742.20E
                               72.993.15N    72.008.81N
                             4,098,747.11E  4.098.752.62E
                      Ref.  File:  BP01
                      Line  no:  18
   .
SOMHI
                                                                            LEGEND
                                                                      BASK SOL KSOWiai
                                                                     arr CUT TO OAKY at
                                                                     S1TT tMO ID SWOT O.T
                                                                        OCN9TY
                                                                        »n/ec
                                                                                     1.0 - I.J
pomnw.
POU1IID)
SOWNT
                                                          0   5  10m

                                                      LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                     CAULEIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                     ""'BLACK LAGOON, BPOI/UNE is
                                                          HV
                                                        2)17
                                                                                                                                    1.-500
                                                                                                                                 16/1/97
                                                                                                                              cfSnlS	
                                                                                                                              PBP01-18A ,
-------
                                                                  Plate  14
                      Geographical Position
  Data File:    BP010094      BP010095         BP010096        BP010097         BP010098          BP010099      BP010100
  Subfile:          01234501  234501234501  23450  1   23450123450
Depth
(meters)
  72.897.36N     72.913.00N        72.932.39N       72.952.02N       72.972.09N
4.098.719.31E  4.098.726.00E      4.098.732.52E     4.098.737.50E     4.098.742.20E
                                                                                              72.993.15N    72.008.81N
                                                                                            4.098J47.11E  4.098.752.62E
                      Ref.  File:  BP01
                      Line  no:  18
                                                                            LEGEND
                                                  NOUN.
                                                  9MCMT
                                                                      BA9C SOL OCStnPKM
                                                         rota/nun
                                                                     OAT
                                                                     sin OAT ID OJUEY ai
                                                                     SIT
                                                                     an uw n MM>Y JIT
                                                                     SMB
                                                                     HA»/DOP*CI
POTDfWl
FOLD IB
SCDKNT
                                                                                     tJ- M
                                                                                     >U
    0   5  10m

LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                                    CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                        "JLACK LAGOON.  BPQ1/LINB:  18
                                                                                                             HV
                                                                                                          k
                                                                                                           2117
                                                                                                                               sow.
                                                                                                                                    1:500
                                                                                                                               OIC NO
                                                 _J6/1/97
                                                c«to'n£	"	~
                                                PBP01-18B
-------
                                                                               Plate  15
                                   Geographical Position
              Data File:    BP010108        BP010109             BP010110            BP010111            BP010112         BP010113           BP010114


              Subfile:          01234501  234501   234501   23450123450123450
            Depth

            (meters)
 i
t-
o
                           72.897.04N        72.916.20N            72.940.74N           72.963.55N           72.987.12N        73.006.70N         73.026.01N

                        4.098.711.92E     4.098.716.55E          4.098.722.84E        4.098.731.33E         4.098.736.28E     4.098.743.45E       4.098.754.81E
                                                                                        LEGEND
                                  Ref.  File:  BP01

                                  Line  no:  20
Nonui
snuoi
                                                                                   BASK sat ocsamoH
       raui/tuFF
                                                                                  SUV CUT TO OAYPf SIT
                                                                                  SM
                                                                                  SITT SW 10 SWOT SIT
                                                                                  s*"°
                                                                                                  mem
                                                                                                  <•«-«
                                                                                                  M - u
porniui.
POUUTED
SEDtor
                             v>j;C^
   0   5   10m



LATERAL DISTANCE SCAL£
                                                      CAUL-FIELD  ENGINEERING

                                                      ""BLACK LAGOON. BPOI/LINE 20
                                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                                 xen
                                                                                                                                     2117
                                                                                                                                             OWHO:
                                                                      1:500
                        16/1/97
                                                                              au» ntt

                                                                              pBPOI-20
-------
                                                                  Plate   16
                      Geographical Position
  Data File:
  Subfile:
Depth
(meters)
BP010122              BP010123             BP010124           BP010125                 BP010126

   01234501234501234501   2345
 1234501234501234
+ + + + + +  +   +   +   +   +   * +  +  +  +
              72.910.57N
            4.098.704.34E
  72.934.52N
4.098.714.92E
  72.959.40N
4.098.719.10E
  72.981.22N
4.098.726.95E
                                                                                    73.012.09N
                                                                                  4.098.732.81E
                                                                                     BP010127
                                                                                     50
                                                          73.033.1 6N
                                                        4.098.748.89E
                      Ref.  File:   BP01
                      Line  no:   22
                             NOMAL
                             sonar
                                                                           LEGEND
                                                                     vac soi OBOFW*
                                   mm/run
                                                                    OAT
                                                                    3LTI 0-»T 10 0>«Y »I
                                                                    SIT
                                                                    an SAW TO SWOT SIT
                                                                      DOOTT
                                                                      jm/ce
                              nnonw.
                              PCUUTO
                              SEDMNT
                                                                                    1.0 - U
                                                                                    t.J - 1.4
                                                                                    1.4 - U
                                                                                    U- U
                                                                                    >M
                                                                  0   5  10m

                                                               LATERAL DISTANCE SCAt£
                                                                                 CAULRELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                  ILACK LAGOON. BPOI/UNE 22 ^__
                                                                                                           :16/1/97
                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                  JOB NO
                                                                                                                      2117
                                                                                                                             SCAlt
                                                                                                                    1:500
                                                                                                         CACOflL
                                                                                                         PBP01-22A
-------
                                                                                Plate  17
                                   Geogrophicol Position 	^-

               Data File:    BP010122             BP010123             BP010124            BP010125                  BP010126

               Subfile:          0123450123450123450   1   2   3    4    5   Q   1   2
            Depth
            (meters)
 I
t—'
oo
                           72.910.57N
                         4.098.704.34E
  72.934.52N
4.098.714.92E
  72.959.40N
4.098.719.10E
  72.981.22N
4,098,726.95E
                                   73.012.09N
                                 4.098.732.81E
    BP010127

450

+ +  +

    73.033.16N
  4.098.748.89E
                                   Ref.  File:  BP01
                                   Line  no:  22
                                                                                         LEGEND
                                                                           NCRHII
                             Wtf.
iH
                                                                                   BA3C Sd KSOPIOI
                                                                                  ait OAT TO CLAYEY 9LT
                                                                                  9LT
                                                                                  Sin SAW) ID SNOV 9LT
                                                    OW3TY
                                                    jm/ce
                                                                                                  1.0 - IJ
                                                                                                  IJ - 1.4
                                                                                                  1.4 - IJ
                                                                                                  1.1 - U
                                                                                                  IJ-U
                           raronw.
                           POUUHD
                           StMOT
                                                                    0    5  10m

                                                                LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                   CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                   "llACK LAGOON._BP_qiAINEJ2  _
                                                                                                             !16/1/97
                                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                                     2117
                                                                                                                                             o»c «o-
                                                                    1:500
                                                                                                                                                         '(Src
                                                                                                                                                        PBP01-22B
-------
                                             Plate 18
NOR1HMC
                          vsm
                                                                                    LEGEND
                                                                                       0   10  20m
                                                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                  CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
                                                                                     BLACK LAGOON SEDIMENTS
                                                                                       HV
                                                                                     2117
1:1000
15/1/97
       two n£
       color-map
-------
                                                               Plate  19
no
o
                                                                                                       0  10  20m
                                                                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                          CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                         mut
                                                                                                                 Elizobeth Park
                                                                                                         HMIT
                                                                                                              HV
                                                                                                            2117
1:1000
17/1/97
      CM» Fl£

       Elizomop
-------
Plate 20
3=-
i—"
ro
H- >



Data File: E7010007 E7010008
Subfile: 01 234501
+ + + +
71.377.77N 71.422.79N
4.098.508.94E 4,098,51 4.86E
n
Depth ~
(meters) —
-5 —
in

" ''• '•'-"" '• •
'•'•• ^TV-
IU
Ref. File: E701
Line no: 01
2

• v :•.

Ncnui.
•.*.*.•.*.'.*.
fyfyfy
Ww
%%%%%'
tf&m.
v'ttVi^
k- '•• .* '.

3 4

* •- '*.' •* .' ** '•**>**
LEGEND
BA9C SO. tCSOtCKM
RWlAUlfF
OAT
SLTT OAT TD OMtV SLT
SLT
3LTY SMO TO SNOT O.T
SAND
HMOAnfACT

E7010009 E7010010
5 01 23450
71.467.93N 71 .505.21 N
4.098.531.80E 4.098.558.52E

^
CORE 10
4-
.:^--^-:;??S?^

0 5 10m
1— PBBM 	 1
F
KNSTT i
fm/ec 1

1JJ - U ^
U - M *
1.4 - U i
U - t J v
U-U ,
>u
VEN1W.
'GUiTTD)
EDMXT LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
;X;>>X
^J^^-
M CAULFIEL
^^^ "rfrifi" 	

3 ENGINEERING
^^ ELIZABETH PARK. E701/UNE 1
•C* •?-• ow »r sc
HV
«£ BATE
1:500 16/1/97
JM MO OK HQ OttO Fit
2117 qE701-1A
-------
                                                                                   Plate  21
                                      Geographical Position
                Data File:    E7010007

                Subfile:           01
                E7010008
34501
   E7010009

501
   E7010010
50
             Depth
             (meters)
                             71.377.77N
                           4.098.508.94E
                71.422.79N
              4.098.514.86E
    71.467.93N
 4.098.531.80E
   71 .505.21 N
 4.098.558.52E
 i
ro
Ref. File: E701
Line no: 01
LEGEND
NORMAL
SEMEHT
*.".".*.*.*.".
fy/fa
$/W
y%%%%
wjsfft.
v?K&'j
- •• ' ' .
tASC SO. HSOSTtt
nuu/nifr
CLAY
SLTY OAT ro OAirr SIT
SLT
SLTT SAM) TO SAMTT SIT
SAM)
HAB>/ttaPACT
DOOTY
f"/«

|J«- U
U - 1.4
U- U
U- U
U- U
>u
rOIXTML
poui/ta
snen
:::x:::::::
^&
^%
i^^^^

riC*>»;
t'- .•• ;

0 5 10m
LATERAL DISTANCE SCAL£

CAULFIE
"""ELIZABETH
"""' HV
JMMO
2117
LD ENGINEERING
PARK. E701/LJNE 1
JCAi£ 	
1:500
mCNQ
^16/1/97
CADDFU:
^gE701-1B
-------
Plate 22










I—"
1
ro
GO











Geographical Position -

^~


Data File: E7030007 E7030008 E7030009
Subfile: 01234501 23450
.b.,$..4-44 + + + + "f~f + 4'

1 2
4 4

71.379.28N 71.404.66N 71.428.89N
4.098.493.47E 4,098.497. 44E 4.098.508.45E
n
Depth ~
(meters) —
-5 -


—



]4^2^7:'-^v7>'s~5?r=*
•;.-. :< ••'•? V :,v. >•>





.. . •'.'^K^;.
'• •' ' r* '-•!•- • ' .^S^
•-.' '^PTT






"•.



Ref. File: E703
Line no: 03











.'* -7^"
* ' V' 4 '


seaan

y$fy
$<$
%%M/tfa
7JX#$
VrjX ^r:

k- ;- .' '.


E7030010
34501
44-4-44-

71.456.56N
4.098.520.44E





":.-", 	 T^CSS7^
,:--.::-;.,v



2 3
f 4-





E7030011 E7030012
4501 23450
* * * * + 4- 4
* + 4-
71.485.48N 71.499.35N
4.098.530.38E 4.098.560.60E


. - • • ' '• ' •

LEGEND

IA9C SOL DESXPTIM
FOAU/furr
OAT
StTt OAT ID OA1EY SLT
SIT
SLIT SAM) ID SHOI SLT
SAND

HARD/COWACT

ooamr
»»/cc

IJJ-U
U - 1.4
U- U
U - 1.1
U - U

>2J


• • •. ^

PCKX1W.
POUU1ED
SOWNT

NS^

^^^^
i^Pra
--^*-^n.

i .'"'•'

Ssugjwpj
• -*-'* *±.\ '••





^sf^g^g^"--' -.•Vf^1-..-" <"••-.-' ;•••
•f4; .'••'*" '







0 5 10m

LATERAL DISTANCf SCA1F

CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
mL
ELIZABETH PARK. E703/UNE 3
an tr SCAII: oiit 	
HV 1:500 16/1/97
JOB MQ me Ha CADD ru.
2117 qE703-3
-------
                                                                            Plate  23
                                   Geographical Position
              Data  File:    E7030020        E7030021       E7030022       E7030023        E7030024        E7030025
              Subfile:         01   234501234501  234501  234501  23450
  71.399.70N
4.098.482.63E
            Depth
            (meters)
>
I—•
ro
                                           71.417.82N      71.435.47N      71.451.79N       71.470.75N        71.486.80N
                                         4,098, 489.67E   4.098.49Z93E    4.098.50101E     4.098.508.89E      4,098,521.68E
                                   Ref.   File:   E703
                                   Line  no:   05
                                                  NORMAL
                                                  SEUCNT

                                                                                        LEGEND
                                                                                   •ASC S*. ttSOFWH
                                                         mm/nor
                                                                                  a»r
                                                                                  SLIT OAT IV OAIEY SLT
                                                                                  SLTY VM> ID satn a.r
                                                                                  SUB
                                                                                  HADOA'X'ACT
                                                                                                 COI91Y
KTDHW.
PGUinED
SEDMENT
                                                                                                              0   5  10m

                                                                                                          LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                        CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                        "luZABETH  PARK. E703/LJNE 5
                                                                                                                                      HV
                                                                                                                                    2117
                                                                                                                        1:500
                                                                                                                                                        OAJC
                                                   16/1/97
                                                                                                                                                        CMB nt
-------
                                                               Plate  24
                      Geogrophicol Position
  Data File:    E7030033           E7030034     E7030035      E7030036       E7030037       E7030038      E7030039

  Subfile:          0  1   2  3  4  50123450123450123450123450123450
               71.388.12N
             4.098.469.25E
              0
Depth
(meters)
  71.409.66N     71.424.74N    71.440.41N      71.457.12N      71.473.97N      71.489.88N
4,098,479.63E  4,098.486.71E  4.098.491.53E    4.098.498.53E   4.098.504.38E   4.09B.51Z23E
                      Ref.  File:  E703
                      Line  no:  07
                                                                            LEGEND
                               sncxr
                                                                      M9C SOL K5OP1OI
                                                                     SITT O*T TO OJHEY SLT
                                                                     SLTT SMC TO MOT SU
                                                                     sue
                                                                     HWO/COPACT
                                                     HM9TT
                                                      fn/ec
                                                                                     i J - 1.4
                                                                                     u-ii
                                                                                     >U
muna>
SBUENT
                                                                                          0   5  10m

                                                                                      LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                     CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                    ""ELIZABETH PARK.  E703/UNE  7
                                                                                                                         HV
                                                                                                                       2117
                                                                                                                               SCAU
                                                                                                     1:500
                                                                                                                               nc «
                                                                                                                                           wit
                                                   16/1/97
                                                                                                            c«o at
                                                                                                             oE703-7
-------
                                                                           Plate   25
                                   Geogrophicd Position
              Data  File:    E7030046          E7030047           E7030048             E7030049              E7030050              E7030051
              Subfile:         01234501234501234501   234501   23450

                                    .  •*- + "*"                                  "*""*'"*""*''*"'*''*'-*--*--f-*-^i.
             Depth
             (meters)
 i
ro
CD
                           71.378.68N
                         4.098.464.00E
                          0
                        -5 -
                       -10
          71.400.63N
       4.098.462.44E
  71.423.01N
4,098.471.44E
  71.447.33N
4.098.480.72E
  71.470.84N
4.098.491.45E
  71.494.91 N
4.098.504.24E
Ref.  File:  E703
Line  no:  09
                                                                                        LEGEND
                                                                           SDMKT
                                                                                  FDMi/nirr
                                                                                  OAT
                                                                                  a.n OAT TO OAIET a.i
                                                                                  SIT
                                                                                  SLTT SMB TO SWOT SB.T
                                                                                  tun/GnpACT
                                                                                                 Doarr
                                                                                                  fl/K
                                                                                                        KKXTM.
                                                                        0   5  10m

                                                                    LATERAL DISTANCE SCAL£
                                                                                              CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                             ""EUZABETH PARK.E703/UNE 9
                                                                                                                                aw re
                                                                                                                                      HV
                                                                                                                                    2117
                                                                                                              1:500
                                                                                             16/1/97
                                                                                                                     cun nc
                                                                                                                      QF70.3-Q
-------
                                                                             Plate  26
                                   Geographical Position
              Data  Eile:    E7030057                 E7030058          E7030059          E7030060

              Subfile:         0    1    2   3   4   5   0123450123450
             Depth
             (meters)
i
ro
^j
                                                                      E7030061       E7030062    E7030063                E7030064

                                                                         0123450123450   1   2   3   4   5   0
                                                                                                           +  +  +   +  +
                           71.358.64N
                         4.098.453.34E
                          0
                 71.3fi9.70N         71.409.14N          71.431.20N
               4.098.451.63E       4.098.459.89E       4.098.465.25E
                      71.451.27N      71.468.02N    71,4fl1.59N
                    4.098.474.09E    4.098.480.85E 4.098.487.16E
                         -5
                       71.509.65N
                     4.098.492.64E
                       -10
Ref.  File:  E703
Line  no:   11
                                        ••&=£•
                                                                                         LEGEND
                                                                                   FOMI/FUIT
                                                                                   OAT
                                                                                   SLTT OAT TO OArtY SIT
                                                                                   StT
SUIT SMQ TO SAHDT SLT

SA»
HASD/tWACT
                                                                                                  DOHTY
                      POltMlW.
                      HUUTtD
                      SEDMKI
    0   5   10m

LATERAL DISTANCE SCAi£
                                                                                                                                  CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                                  nxt
                                                                                                                                          ELIZABETH PARK
                                                                                                                                  W It
                                                                                                    HV
                                                                                                  k
                                                                                                  2H7
                                                                                                                                                   1:500
                                                                                                                                                          tult
                                                                                                                                              OK Mt
                         17/1/97
                      CADDFU:
                      QE7Q3-11A
-------
                                                                             Plate  27
                                    Geographical Position
Data File:   E7030057
Subfile:          0   1
             Depth
             (meters)
  71.358.64N
4.098.453.34E
 i
ro
CD
         E7030058         E7030059

3   4   5   012345012

x   +   -f   + + + + + + + + +
  71.3B9.70N
4,098. 451.63E
                          71.409.14N
                        4.098. 459.89E
                                                                                       E7030060

                                                                                 3450
                                                                        71.431.20N
                                                                      4,098,465.25E
                                                      E7030061       E7030062     E7030063                E7030064

                                                         0123450123450   1    2  3   4   5   0

                                                      + + + + + + + +++++++  +  +  +  +  +  "*"
                                                                                                         71.451.27N      71.468.02N   71.481.59N
                                                                                                       4,098.474.09E   4.098.480.85E 4.098,487.16E
                      71.509.65N
                    4.098.49Z64E
                        -10
                                    Ref.  File:   E703
                                    Line  no:   11
                                                             Nonut.
                                                             snen
                                                                                         LEGEND
                                                                                   BASC SOLtBCSPHCN
                                                                                   SLTT QAT TO OA1E1 a.T
                                                                                   sirr SAW TO swot SLT
                                                                                   suo
                                                                                   HWD/tXIPtCT
                                                       ooom
                                                       fn/ec
                                                       racnw.
                                                       poumD
                                                       anon
                                                                                                   IJ) - IJ
                                                                                                   u - 1.4
    0   5  10m

LAMALDISTANCE SCALE
                                                                                                                   £AULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                   "EUZABETH  PARK. E703/UNE  11
                                                                                                                                       HV
                                                                                                                                     2117
                                                                                                                                   1:500
                                                                                                                 17/1/97
                                                                                                                                          CADOflt
                                                                                                                                          OE703-11B
-------
                                  Geogrophicol Position
                                                                            Plate   28
              Doto File:    E7030070                      E7030071                E7030072                E7030073          E7030074

              Subfile:         0     1     2     3     4     5     0123450123450123450
            Depth
            (meters)
ro
UD
                          71.362.56N
                        4,098,438.63E
  71.400.06N
4,098,447.11E
     71.427.95N
   4.098.451.54E
  71.455.34N          71.473.59N
4.098.463.78E       4,098,477.59E
                                  Ref.  File:  E703
                                  Line  no:  13
                                                                                       LEGEND
MOMUL
SEMEHT

                                                                                 8A3C Sd DESOPTXX
                                                                                 air OAT TO OAirr sii
                                                                                 SLT
                                                                                 art wo TO SWOT SLT
                                                                                 SAND
                                                                                 HAfD/tOPACT
                                                poionw.
                                                POUimB
                                                staen
                                                                                                                                    0    5   10m
                                                                                                                               UTCRAL DISTANCE SCALf
                                                                                                                               CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                     TlJZABETti PARK. E703/UNE 13
                                                          HV
                                                        i
                                                        2117
                                                                                                                                               1:500
                                                                                                                                                      cuit
                                                                                                  17/1/97
                                                                                                                                                      CMDFlt
                                                                                                                                                       QE703-13
-------
                                                                           Plate   29
                                     Geogrophico! Position
              Dato  File:    1/030080                     E7030081

              Subfile:          01    234501
                               E7030082          E7030083

               2    3    4    5    0123450
            Depth
            (meters)
GO
o
                           71.385.5IN
                         4,098,431.37E
  71.419.93N
4,098,440.49E
  71.453.42N         71.467.40N
4.098.455.73E      4.098,473.14E
                                                                                       LEGEND
                                   Ref.  File:  E703
                                   Line  no:  14
                      NOMAL
                      ZEMXI
                                                                                  MSC SOL tESaPHW
                            FDAu/furr
                                                                                 OAT
                                                                                 SLTT CUT TO CLAYEY SIT
                                                                                 SLTT MO ID SWOT SLT
              HN9TT
               fn/ct
POTDdlAL
PCU1/1CD
SHUNT
                                                                                0   5  10m


                                                                            LAMAL DISTANCE SCALE
                                                                             AULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                       PARK.E703/UNE 14
                                                                                                                               cm rr.
                                                                                                                                     HV
                                                                                                                                   2117
                                                                                           1:500
                                                                        17/1/97
-------
                                                                                              Plate   30
>
(—'

CO
71.510 - -



71,500 - -








71.4B - -



71.470 --



71.490 - -



71.450 --



71.440 - -



7I.4JO - -




71.4M - -



71.4)0 - -



71.400 - -




7IJK - -



71JBO - -



7IJ70 - -



7UW - -



7IJBO - -



7U40 - —
                                                                                                                                                              LEGEND
                                                                                                                                                                10  20m
                                                                                                                                                      LATERAL DISTANCE SCAL£
H	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	h
                                                                                                            H	1	1	1
     \\l\\\\\\\
                                                                                                                      i   i
                                                                       OHM
CAULFIELD ENGINEERING
Wlf
ELIZABETH PARK SEDIMENTS
own
DC
tarn.
2117
SCMfc
1:1000
NG NOt
MIL , ,
20/1/97
ELIZCOLM
-------
                                                                                   Plate  31
         Data File:

         Subfile:
         Depth
         (meters)
 I
CO
ro
  Geographical Position 	


EBOJ0024   EBOJ0025   EB030026


  000
                          71.407.77H    71.408.62H  71.412.89N   71.415.78N     71.419.39N       71.4Z153N        71,427.831        71.4M.68N          71.427.20N         71.415.24N

                        4.M8.J40176E  4.098J52.40E 4.098.362-I7E 4.098J7127E   4.098.38St16E     4.098,3N-5Z      4.098.4I5.IOE       4.098,4JI.976E       4,098,450.55E       4,098,463.J4E
                     -10
                               Ref.  File:  EB03
                               BOOMER  LINE
                               NOTE:
                               LOW FREQUENCY BOOMER DATA
                               SEDIMENT LAYERS INTERPRETTED
                               FROM CORES
                                                                                                   LEGEND
                                                NORUAI.
                                                samoa
                                                        BA3C SOUSSCRPIKN
                                                                                            FDMl/fUfF
                                                                                            OAT
                                                                                            O.1Y OAT ID OA1TY 9.T
                                                       a.TT SMO 10 SMCT 9.T
                                                       UM1
                                                                                            HMD/COUPACT
WIDflUL
PCU1/TED
SEHCMT
                                                                                                                                                       5   10m
                                                                                                          LATERAL DISTANCE SCALE
                         £AULEIELD  ENGINEERING
                         ELIZABETH PARK/BOOMRE  UNE
                                                                                                                                             oxer
                                                                                                                                                    HV
                                                                                                                                                i
                                                                                                                                                 2117
                                                                                                                                                          SCALE:
                                                                                                                           1:500
                                                                                                                                                                        DA1E
                                                      24/1/97
                                                   CADOFl£
                                                    rDEB03-A
-------
                                                                                   Plate   32
        Data File:
        Subfile:
         Depth
         (meters)
CO
00
                                     Geographical Position
EBOJOOU    EBOJ0024   EBOJ0025    EBOM026

  0000
                         71.407.77N    71.4MLSM   71.41189N    71.415.7BN    71.419.39N
                       4,09a.J40.76E  4,094152.40E 4,09«.mj7E  4,09«,J7127E  4.098.M5.16E
                                                    71.42J.55N
  71.4I7.KW
4.09a,4l5.1CE
                                                                                 71,4M.68N
                                                                               4.098.4J1.976E
                                                                                                                          71.4Z7JON
                                                                                                                                         71.41S24N
                              Ref.   File:   EB03
                              BOOMER  LINE
                              NOTE:
                              LOW FREQUENCY BOOMER DATA
                              SEDIMENT LAYERS INTERPRETTED
                              ROM CORES
                                                                                                 LEGEND
                                                          HOtUAL
                                                          ZDUNT
                                                                  BASC sa. OOCRPIICN
                                                                                          RMM/fUJF
                                                                                          OAT
                                                                                          air cut ra OAITT S.T
                                                                 9.TY SMO TO SANDY SLT
                                                                 SAW
                                                                                          HAJO/COPACT
                                                                                         POTtNTW
                                                                                         POiintD
                                                                                                                               10m
                                                                                                                   LATERAL DISTANCE SCAL£
                                                                                                                  CAULEIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                                                  ""ELIZABETH  PARK/BOOMER  LINE
                                                                                                                                                 HV
                                                                                                                                   1:500
                                                                             C.
                                                                              27/1/97
                                                                                                                                                                     CAOO nt
                                                                                                                                                                     rpRFfH-R
-------
    TRENTON CHANNEL STUDY AREA
                                      N
     City of Gibraltar
                      Elizabeth Park Site
  Lake Erie
*»
h-*

CO
           STATUTE MILES
                                     Plate 33
                                     Trenton Channel
                                     Study Area
-------
                APPENDIX A2

       METLAB ANALYSIS PROGRAMS
The Major Metlab Program Listings Prepared for the
 Analysis of the Data is Contained in This Appendix.
 These Program Listings have been Broken into Sub-
         Appendices for Easier Reference
                       A2-1
-------
               Appendix A2.1

          Bottom Loss Computations
   Program Listing 1 - Bottom Loss Batch File
Program Listing 2 - Bottom Loss Plotting Routine
                     A2-2
-------
                               PROGRAM LISTING #1
                                       BLS.M
% program name : bis
% program    : bottom loss plots
% comments    : this is the batch engine driver
%         to produce various bottom loss plots
%         any number can be run with printing

% define constants
m = 20;
pf=0;

% program runs
a = 'L03';
fbls2(a,m,pf);
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L03';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L05';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L07';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L09';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'Lll';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L13';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L14';
%fbls2(a,m,pf);
 % end of batch engine driver
                                                                                    A2-3
-------
                                PROGRAM LISTING #2
                                        FBLS2.M
function fbls2(a,m,pf)
% function name : fbls
% function    : bottom loss
% description  : this function generates bottom loss
%         plots for one line

% load the bottom loss data data
eval(['load c:\brian\e70x\' a '.bis ;']);
eval(['bl = ' a ';']);
bl = bl';
[temp n] = size(bl);
xbl= 1 : n;

% calculate average and standard deviation for
%  every point except at the edges.
for  i = m + 1 :  n m;
 bltemp(l  : 2 * m +  1) = bl(i  - m : i + m);
 blav(i) = mean(bltemp);
 blsd(i) = std(bltemp);
end;
% for the both edges use the closest symmetric calculation
% this is the same as using the 2*m + 1 values starting at
%  the edge
for  i = 1 : m;
 blav(i) = blav(m + 1);
 blsd(i) = blsd(m+l);
end;
for i = n -  m + 1 : n;
 blav(i) = blav(n - m);
 blsd(i) = blsd(n - m);
end;

% plot bottom losses and processed bottom losses
figure(2);
grid;
subplot(2,l,l), plot(xbl,bl);
title(['Figure XXX Bottom Losses for :' a]);
ylabel('BL (raw)1);
grid;
                                                                                       A2-4
-------
subplot(2,1,2), plot(xbl,blav,xbl,blsd);
ylabel('smoothed    stdev1);
grid;
xlabel(V);
ifpf=l;
print;
end;

% end of function
                                                                                       A2-5
-------
            Appendix A2.2

          Phase Computations
   Program Listing 3 - Phase Batch File
Program Listing 4 - Phase Plotting Routine
                 A2-6
-------
                              PROGRAM LISTING #3
                                      PHP.M
% program name : php
% program    :  phase plus plots
% comments    : this is the batch engine driver
%          to produce various phase plus plots
%          any number can be run with printing

% constants
m = 20;
pf=0;

% program runs
a = 'L03';
fphp2(a,m,pf);
%a = '
%fphp2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'LOS1;
%rphp2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L05';
%fphp2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L07';
%fphp2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'L09';
%rbhp2(a,m,pf);
%a = 'Lll';
%fphp2(a,m,pf);
 %rphp2(a,m,pf);
 %a = 'L14';
 %fphp2(a,m,pf);

 % end of batch engine driver
                                                                                  A2-7
-------
                               PROGRAM LISTING #4
                                      FPHP2.M
function fphp2(a,m,pf)
% function name : fphp2
% function   : phase plus
% description  : this function generates phase plus
%         plots for one line

% load the phase plus data
eval(['load c:\brian\e70xV a '.php ;']);
eval(['pp = 'a';']);
pp = PP';
[temp n] = size(pp);
xpp = 1 : n;
pp2(l :n) = pp(l,  1 :n);
clear pp;
PP =PP2;

% process the phases +- where there is symmetical data
for i = m + 1 : n - m;
 pptemp(l  : 2 * m +  1) = pp(i - m : i + m);
 ppav(i) = mean(pptemp);
 temp = ppav(i);
% adjust so the range is 0 to 100.
 temp = temp/2+ 0.5;
 temp = temp * 100;
 ppav(i) = temp;
end
% use the nearest symmetric value for edges.
for i = 1 : m;
 ppav(i) - ppav(m +  1);
end;
for i = n - m + 1 : n;
 ppav(i) = ppav(n - m);
end;
% calculate the standard deviation too
for i = m + 1 : n - m;
 pptemp(l : 2 * m +  1) = ppav(i - m : i + m);
 ppsd(i) = std(pptemp);
end;
                                                                                    A2-8
-------
% edge effects for SD
for i = 1 :  m;
 ppsd(i) = ppsd(m+l);
end;
for i = n - m + 1 : n;
 ppsd(i) = ppsd(n - m);
end;

% plot phase sign percents
figure(l);
grid;
subplot(2,l,l), plot(xpp,pp);
title(['Figure XXX  Plus Percent for :' a]);
ylabel('individual phases');
 grid;
 subplot(2,1,2), plot(xpp,ppav,xpp,ppsd);
ylabel('stdev   plus percent');
 grid;
 xlabel('x');
 ifpf=l;
 print;
 end;

 % end of function
                                                                                            A2-9
-------
                   Appendix A2.3




          Layer Thickness Contour Routines






Program Listing 5 - Layer Thickness Contour Plot Routine
                         A2-10
-------
                                PROGRAM LISTING #5
                                     FLAYERS3.M
function flayers3
% function name : flayersS
% function   : layers contour
% description   : this function generates a contour plot
%         for the layers
%         it also writes the interpolated grid
%         to an ascii (text) file

% first read the data from disk and store in arrays

% load line 02
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl02bj.txt
hld = b!02bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n02] = size(hld);
north02(l : n02) = hld(l, 1 : n02);
north02 = north02 - 70000;
east02(l  : n02)  = hld(2,  1 : n02);
east02 = east02 - 4090000;
top02(l : n02) = hld(3, 1 : n02);
bot02(l : n02) = hld(4, 1 : n02);
dpth02 = bot02 - top02;
clear hid;

% load line 04
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl04bj.txt
hld = b!04bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n04] = size(hld);
north04(l : n04) = hld(l, 1 :  n04);
north04 = north04 - 70000;
east04(l : n04) = hld(2,  1 : n04);
east04 = east04 - 4090000;
top04(l : n04) = hld(3, 1 : n04);
bot04(l : n04) = hld(4, 1 : n04);
dpth04 = bot04 - top04;
clear hid;
                                                                                        A2-11
-------
% load line 06
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl06bj.txt
hid = bl06bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n06] = size(hld);
north06(l : n06) = hld(l, 1 : n06);
north06 = north06 - 70000;
east06(l : n06) = hld(2,  1 : n06);
east06 = east06 - 4090000;
top06(l : n06) = hld(3, 1 : n06);
bot06(l : n06) - hld(4, 1 : n06);
dpth06 = bot06 - top06;
clear hid;

% load line 08
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl08bj.txt
hld = bl08bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n08] = size(hld);
north08(l : n08) = hld(l, 1 : n08);
northOS = northOS - 70000;
east08(l : n08) = hld(2,  1 : n08);
eastOS = eastOS - 4090000;
top08(l : n08) = hld(3, 1 : n08);
bot08(l :n08) = hld(4, 1 : n08);
dpthOS = botOS - topOS;
clear hid;

% load line 10
load c:\brian\autocadt\bllObj.txt
hld = bl!0bj;
hid = hid';
[tempnlO] = size(hld);
northlO(l : nlO) = hld(l, 1 : nlO);
northlO = northlO - 70000;
eastlO(l :nlO) = hld(2,  1 :nlO);
eastlO = eastlO - 4090000;
toplO(l :nlO) = hld(3, 1 :nlO);
botlO(l :nlO) = hld(4, 1 : nlO);
dpthlO = botlO-toplO;
clear hid;

% load line 12
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll2bj.txt
hld = bll2bj;
                                                                                       A2-12
-------
hid = hid';
[tempn!2] = size(hld);
north!2(l : n!2) = hld(l, 1 : n!2);
north!2 = north!2 - 70000;
east!2(l :n!2) = hld(2, 1 :n!2);
east!2 = east!2- 4090000;
top!2(l :n!2) = hld(3, 1  : n!2);
bot!2(l :n!2) = hld(4, 1  : n!2);
dpthl2 = botl2-top!2;
clear hid;

% load line 14
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll4bj.txt
hld = bl!4bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!4] = size(hld);
north!4(l : n!4) = hld(l, 1 : n!4);
northH = north!4 - 70000;
east!4(l :n!4) = hld(2, 1 : n!4);
eastl4 = east!4-4090000;
top!4(l : n!4) = hld(3, 1  : n!4);
bot!4(l :n!4) = hld(4, 1  : n!4);
dpth!4 = bot!4-topl4;
clear hid;

% load line 16
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll6bj.txt
hld = bll6bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!6] = size(hld);
north!6(l : n!6) = hld(l, 1 : n!6);
northl6 = north!6 - 70000;
east!6(l :nl6) = hld(2, 1 :n!6);
eastl6 = east!6-4090000;
top!6(l :n!6) = hld(3, 1  : n!6);
bot!6(l :n!6) = hld(4, 1  : n!6);
dpthl6 = botl6-top!6;
clear hid;

% load line 18
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll8bj.txt
hld = b!18bj;
hid = hid1;
[tempnl8] = size(hld);
north!8(l : n!8) = hld(l, 1 : n!8);
                                                                                       A2-13
-------
northl8 = northl8-70000;
east!8(l :n!8) = hld(2, 1 :n!8);
eastl8 = east!8-4090000;
topi 8(1 :n!8) = hld(3, 1 :n!8);
bot!8(l :n!8) = hld(4, 1 :n!8);
dpthl8 = botl8-top!8;
clear hid;

% load line 20
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl20bj.txt
hld  = b!20bj;
hid  = hid1;
[temp n20] = size(hld);
north20(l : n20) = hld(l, 1  : n20);
north20 = north20 - 70000;
east20(l : n20) = hld(2, 1 :  n20);
east20 = east20 - 4090000;
top20(l : n20) = hld(3, 1 : n20);
bot20(l : n20) = hld(4, 1 : n20);
dpth20 = bot20 - top20;
clear hid;

% load line 22
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl22bj.txt
hld  = b!22bj;
hid  = hid';
[temp n22] = size(hld);
north22(l : n22) = hld(l, 1  : n22);
north22 = north22 - 70000;
east22(l : n22) = hld(2, 1 :  n22);
east22 = east22 - 4090000;
top22(l : n22) = hld(3, 1 : n22);
bot22(l : n22) = hld(4, 1 : n22);
dpth22 = bot22 - top22;
clear hid;

% put all the data into 3 long vectors

nn04 = n02 + n04;
nn06 = nn04 + n06;
nn08 = nn06 + n08;
nnlO = nn08 + nlO;
nnl4 = nnl2 + nl4;
                                                                                     A2-14
-------
nn20 = nnl8 + n20;
nn22 = nn20 + n22;
x(l :n02) = east02(l : n02);
x(n02 + 1 : nn04) = east04(l : n04);
x(nn04 + 1 : nn06) = east06(l : n06);
x(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = east08(l : n08);
x(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = east 10(1 : nlO);
x(nnlO + 1 : nn!2) = east 12(1 : n!2);
x(nn!2 + 1 : nn!4) = east 14(1 : n!4);
x(nn!4 + 1 : nn!6) = east 16(1 : n!6);
x(nn!6 + 1 : nn!8) = east!8(l : n!8);
x(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = east20(l : n20);
x(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = east22(l : n22);
y(l :n02) = north02(l  : n02);
y(n02 + 1 : nn04) = north04(l : n04);
y(nn04 + 1 : nn06) = north06(l : n06);
y(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = north08(l : n08);
y(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = northlO(l : nlO);
y(nnlO + 1 : nn!2) = north!2(l : n!2);
y(nn!2 + 1 : nn!4) = north 14(1 : n!4);
y(nn!4 + 1 : nn!6) = north!6(l : n!6);
y(nn!6 + 1 : nnl8) = north!8(l : n!8);
y(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = north20(l : n20);
y(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = north22(l : n22);
z(l : n02) = dpth02(l : n02);
z(n02 + 1 : nn04) = dpth04(l  : n04);
z(nn04 + 1 : nn06) = dpth06(l : n06);
z(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = dpth08(l : n08);
z(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = dpthlO(l : nlO);
z(nnlO + 1 : nn!2) = dpth!2(l : n!2);
z(nn!2 + 1 : nn!4) = dpth!4(l : n!4);
z(nn!4 + 1 : nn!6) = dpth!6(l : n!6);
z(nn!6 + 1 : nn!8) = dpth!8(l : n!8);
z(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = dpth20(l : n20);
z(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = dpth22(l : n22);
clear east02;
clear east04;
clear east06;
clear eastOS;
clear eastlO;
clear east 12;
clear east!4;
clear east 16;
clear east 18;
                                                                                     A2-15
-------
clear east20;
clear east22;
clear north02;
clear north04;
clear north06;
clear northOS;
clear northlO;
clear north!2;
clear north!4;
clearnorthl6;
clearnorthlS;
clear north20;
clear north22;
clear top02;
clear top04;
clear top06;
clear topOS;
clear top 10;
clear top 12;
clear top 14;
clear top 16;
clear top 18;
clear top20;
clear top22;
clear bot02;
clear bot04;
clear bot06;
clear botOS;
clear botlO;
clear bot 12;
clear bot!4;
clear bot!6;
clear bot 18;
clear bot20;
clear bot22;
clear dpth02;
clear dpth04;
clear dpth06;
clear dpthOS;
clear dpth 10;
cleardpth!2;
clear dpth!4;
cleardpth!6;
cleardpthlS;
clear dpth20;
                                                                                        A2-16
-------
clear dpth22;

%for i = 1 : 86;
% xi(i) = i*2;
%end;
%fori=l :91;
% yi(i) = i*2;
%end;
%xi = 8698 + xi;
%yi = 2858 + yi;

% defined desired regular grid coordinates
for  i = 1 : 35;
 xi(i) = i*5;
end;
for  i = 1 : 37;
 yi(i) = i*5;
end;
xi = 8695 + xi;
yi = 2855+yi;

% interpolate the data onto the regular grid
zi = griddata(x,y,z,xi,yi);

%% save the resampled data to disk
%fori=l :35;
%forj = l :37;
%  k=j + (i- 1)*37;
% a(2,k) = yi(j);
% a(3,k) = zi(k);
% end;
%end;
%a = a'
%save c:\brian\code\thick.txt a -ascii

% make contour plot
v = [0.5 0.75 1  1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5];
figure(l);
grid;
cs = contour(xi,yi,zi,v);
axis('square');
axis([8700,8880,2860,3040]);
title('Black Lagoon Thick Sediment Contours (greater than 0.5 m)');
ylabel(TSforthing');
                                                                                       A2-17
-------
grid;
xlabel('Easting   Contour inverval is 0.25 m1);
clabel(cs,'manual');

% end of function
                                                                                      A2-18
-------
                 Appendix A2.4




           Scaled Survey Lines Routine






Program Listing 6 - Sealed Survey Line Map Routine
                       A2-19
-------
                               PROGRAM LISTING #6
                                      FLINES.M
function flines
% function name : flines
% function   : lines
% description  : this function generates a map plot
%         of all the lines

% load line 02
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl02bj.txt
hld = b!02bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n02] = size(hld);
no02(l :n02) = hld(l, 1 : n02);
no02 = no02 - 70000;
ea02(l : n02) = hld(2,  1 : n02);
ea02 = ea02 - 4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 04
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl04bj.txt
hld = b!04bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n04] = size(hld);
no04(l :n04) = hld(l, 1 : n04);
no04 = no04 - 70000;
ea04(l : n04) = hld(2,  1 : n04);
ea04 = ea04 - 4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 06
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl06bj.txt
hld = b!06bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n06] = size(hld);
no06(l :n06) = hld(l, 1 : n06);
no06 = no06  70000;
ea06(l :n06) = hld(2, 1 : n06);
ea06 = ea06 - 4090000;
clear hid;
                                                                                      A2-20
-------
% load line 08
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl08bj.txt
hld = bl08bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n08] = size(hld);
no08(l :n08) = hld(l, 1 : n08);
no08 = no08 - 70000;
ea08(l :n08) = hld(2,  1 : n08);
ea08 = ea08 - 4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 10
load c:\brian\autocadt\bllObj.txt
hld = bllObj;
hid = hid';
[temp n 10] = size(hld);
no 10(1 :nlO) = hld(l, 1 : nlO);
nolO = nolO-70000;
ealO(l :nlO) = hld(2,  1 :nlO);
ealO = ealO-4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 12
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll2bj.txt
hld = b!12bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!2] = size(hld);
no!2(l :n!2) = hld(l, 1 : n!2);
no!2 = no!2-70000;
ea!2(l :nl2) = hld(2,  1 : n!2);
ea!2 = ea!2-4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 14
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll4bj.txt
hld = bll4bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!4] = size(hld);
no!4(l :n!4) = hld(l, 1 : n!4);
no!4 = no!4-70000;
ea!4(l :n!4) = hld(2,  1 : n!4);
eal4 = ea!4-4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 16
                                                                                     A2-21
-------
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll6bj.txt
hld = bl!6bj;
hid = hid';
[tempnl6] = size(hld);
no!6(l :n!6) = hld(l, 1 : n!6);
no!6 = no!6-70000;
ea!6(l :n!6) = hld(2,  1 :n!6);
eal6 = ea!6-4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 18
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll8bj.txt
hld = bl!8bj;
hid = hid';
[tempn!8] = size(hld);
no!8(l :n!8) = hld(l, 1 :n!8);
nol8 = no!8-70000;
ea!8(l :n!8) = hld(2,  1 :n!8);
eal8 = ea!8-4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 20
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl20bj.txt
hld = b!20bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n20] = size(hld);
no20(l :n20) = hld(l, 1 : n20);
no20 = no20 - 70000;
ea20(l : n20) = hld(2,  1 : n20);
ea20 = ea20 - 4090000;
clear hid;

% load line 22
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl22bj.txt
hld = b!22bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n22] = size(hld);
no22(l :n22) = hld(l,l : n22);
no22 = no22 - 70000;
ea22(l : n22) = hld(2,  1 : n22);
ea22 = ea22 - 4090000;
clear hid;

% make map plot
figure(l);
                                                                                     A2-22
-------
grid;
plot(ea02,no02,ea04,no04,ea06,no06,ea08,no08,eal 0,no 1O.eal 2,no 12,eal 4,no 14,eal 6,no 16,eal 8
,nol 8,ea20,no20,ea22,no22);
title('plot map of lines 02  22');
axis('square');
axis([8700,8880,2860,3040]);
ylabelCNorthing');
grid;
xlabel('Easting');
pf=0;
ifpf=l;
 print;
end;

% end of function
                                                                                        A2-23
-------
                Appendix A2.5

            Volume Estimate Routine
Program Listing 7 - Sediment Thickness and Position
    Information Converted to Volume Estimates
                      A2-24
-------
                               PROGRAM LISTING #7
                                       FVOL.M
function fvol
% function name : fvol
% function   : volume calculation
% description  : this function calculates the volume of
%         sediment within a given range of Northings
%         and Eastings. The sediments must also
%         be thicker than a practical dregging minimum
%         and be within the actual survey boundries.
%
%         the result is simply echoed to the matlab
%         command window.
% load thicknesses
load c:\brian\code\thick3.txt
hld = thick3;
hid = hid';
[temp n] = size(hld);
north(l : n) = hld(2, 1 : n);
east(l :n) = hld(l, 1 : n);
thick(l :n) = hld(3, 1 : n);
inflg(l : n) = hld(4, 1 : n);
clear hid;

% set range data
minthick= 1.0;
eastinc = 5;
northinc = 5;
eastmin = 8750;
eastmax = 8810;
northmin = 2990;
northmax = 3040;

% calcuate the volume
vol = 0;
for i = 1 : n;
 ifinflg(i)=l;
  if east(i) >= eastmin;
                                                                                     A2-25
-------
  ifeast(i)<=eastmax;
  if north(i) >= northmin;
   if north(i) <= northmax;
    if thick(i) >= minthick;
    vol = vol + thick(i);
    end;
   end;
  end;
  end;
 end;
 end;
end;

% echoing to matlab window
northmin2 = northmin
northmax2 = northmax
eastmin2 = eastmin
eastmax2 = eastmax
minthick2 = minthick
thick2 = vol
vol  = vol * northinc * eastinc;
vo!3 = vol

% end of function
                                                                                   A2-26
-------
                 Appendix A2.6




             Depth Contour Routine






Program Listing 8 - Bathymetric Contour Generation
                      A2-27
-------
                                PROGRAM LISTING #8
                                       FWDEP.M
function fwdep
% function name : fwdep
% function    : water depth
% description   : this function generates a contour plot
%          for the water depths

% load line 02
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl02bj.txt
hld = b!02bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n02] = size(hld);
north02(l : n02) = hld(l, 1 : n02);
north02 = north02 - 70000;
east02(l  : n02) = hld(2, 1 : n02);
east02 = east02 - 4090000;
top02(l : n02) = hld(3, 1 : n02);
clear hid;

% load line 04
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl04bj.txt
hld = b!04bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n04] = size(hld);
north04(l : n04) = hld(l, 1 : n04);
north04 = north04 - 70000;
east04(l  : n04) = hld(2, 1 : n04);
east04 =  east04 - 4090000;
top04(l : n04) = hld(3, 1  : n04);
clear hid;

% load line 06
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl06bj.txt
hld = b!06bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n06] = size(hld);
north06(l : n06) = hld(l, 1 : n06);
north06 = north06 - 70000;
east06(l  : n06) = hld(2, 1 : n06);
                                                                                       A2-28
-------
east06 = east06 - 4090000;
top06(l : n06) = hld(3, 1 : n06);
clear hid;

% load line 08
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl08bj.txt
hld =  b!08bj;
hid =  hid1;
[temp n08] = size(hld);
north08(l : n08) = hld(l, 1 : n08);
northOS = northOS - 70000;
east08(l : n08) = hld(2, 1  : n08);
eastOS = eastOS - 4090000;
top08(l : n08) = hld(3, 1 : n08);
clear hid;

% load line  10
load c:\brian\autocadt\bllObj.txt
hld = bllObj;
hid = hid';
[tempnlO] = size(hld);
northlO(l : nlO) = hld(l, 1 :nlO);
northlO = northlO - 70000;
eastlO(l :nlO) = hld(2, 1  : nlO);
eastlO = eastl 0-4090000;
toplO(l :nlO) = hld(3, 1 : nlO);
clear  hid;

% load line  12
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll2bj.txt
hld = b!12bj;
hid = hid1;
[tempnl2] = size(hld);
north!2(l : n!2) = hld(l, 1 : n!2);
north!2 = north!2 - 70000;
east!2(l : n!2) = hld(2, 1  : n!2);
east!2 = east!2 - 4090000;
top!2(l :nl2) = hld(3, 1 : n!2);
clear  hid;

% load line  14
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll4bj.txt
hld = bll4bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!4] = size(hld);
                                                                                        A2-29
-------
north!4(l : n!4) = hld(l, 1 : n!4);
northH = north!4 - 70000;
east!4(l :n!4) = hld(2,  1 : n!4);
eastl4 = east!4-4090000;
topi4(1 :n!4) = hld(3, 1 : n!4);
clear hid;

% load line 16
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll6bj.txt
hld = bll6bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!6] = size(hld);
north!6(l : n!6) = hld(l, 1 : n!6);
north!6 = north!6 - 70000;
east!6(l :n!6) = hld(2,  1 : n!6);
east 16 = east 16 - 4090000;
top!6(l :n!6) = hld(3, 1 : n!6);
clear hid;

% load line 18
load c:\brian\autocadt\bll8bj.txt
hld = b!18bj;
hid = hid';
[tempn!8] = size(hld);
north!8(l : n!8) = hld(l, 1 :n!8);
northlS = northlS - 70000;
east!8(l :n!8) = hld(2,  1 :n!8);
eastl8 = east!8-4090000;
topi8(1 :n!8) = hld(3, 1 : n!8);
clear hid;

% load line 20
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl20bj.txt
hld = b!20bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n20] = size(hld);
north20(l : n20) = hld(l, 1 : n20);
north20 = north20 - 70000;
east20(l : n20) = hld(2,  1 : n20);
east20 = east20 - 4090000;
top20(l :n20) = hld(3, 1 : n20);
clear hid;

% load line 22
load c:\brian\autocadt\bl22bj.txt
                                                                                       A2-30
-------
hld = b!22bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n22] = size(hld);
north22(l : n22) = hld(l, 1 : n22);
north22 = north22 - 70000;
east22(l : n22) = hld(2,  1 : n22);
east22 = east22 - 4090000;
top22(l : n22) = hld(3, 1 : n22);
clear hid;

nn04 = n02 + n04;
nn06 = nn04 + n06;
nn08 = nn06 + n08;
nnlO = nn08 + nlO;
nnl2 = nnlO + n!2;
nn!6 = nn!4 + n!6;
nn22 = nn20 + n22;
x(l :n02) = east02(l : n02);
x(n02 + 1 : nn04) = east04(l : n04);
x(nn04 + 1 : nn06) = east06(l : n06);
x(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = east08(l : n08);
x(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = eastlO(l : nlO);
x(nnlO + 1 : nn!2) = east!2(l : n!2);
x(nn!2 + 1 : ml 4) = east 14(1 : n!4);
x(nn!4 + 1 : ml 6) = east 16(1 : n!6);
x(nn!6 + 1 : ml 8) = east!8(l : n!8);
x(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = east20(l : n20);
x(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = east22(l : n22);
y(l :n02) = north02(l : n02);
y(n02 + 1 : nn04) = north04(l : n04);
y(nn04 + 1 : nn06) = north06(l : n06);
y(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = north08(l : n08);
y(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = northlO(l : nlO);
y(nnlO + 1 : m!2) = north!2(l : n!2);
y(nn!2 + 1 : ml 4) = northl4(l : n!4);
y(nn!4 +1 : ml 6) = north!6(l : n!6);
y(nn!6 + 1 : ml 8) = north!8(l :n!8);
y(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = north20(l : n20);
y(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = north22(l : n22);
22(1 :n02) = top02(l : n02);
z2(n02 + 1 : nn04) = top04(l : n04);
z2(nn04 + 1 : m06) = top06(l : n06);
                                                                                   A2-31
-------
z2(nn06 + 1 : nn08) = top08(l : n08);
z2(nn08 + 1 : nnlO) = topi0(1 : nlO);
z2(nnlO + 1 : nn!2) = top!2(l : n!2);
z2(nn!2 + 1 : nn!4) = top!4(l : n!4);
z2(nn!4 + 1 : nn!6) = topi6(1 : n!6);
z2(nn!6 + 1 : nn!8) = topi8(1 : n!8);
z2(nn!8 + 1 : nn20) = top20(l : n20);
z2(nn20 + 1 : nn22) = top22(l : n22);

for i = 1 : 35;
 xi(i) = i*5;
end;
for i = 1 : 37;
 yi(i) = i*5;
end;
xi = 8695 + xi;
yi = 2855+yi;

%fori=l  : 18;
%xi(i) = i*10;
%end;
%fori = l  : 19;
%yi(i) = i*10;
%end;
%xi = 8690 + xi;
%yi = 2850 + yi;

z2i = griddata(x,y,z2,xi,yi);

v2 = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7];

% make contour plot
figure(l);
 grid;
 cs = contour(xi,yi,z2i,v2);
 axis('square');
 axis([8700,8880,2860,3040]);
 title('Black Lagoon Water Depth Contour Plot (in meters)');
 ylabelCNorthing');
 grid;
 xlabel('Easting');
 clabel(cs,'manual');

 % end of function
                                                                                       A2-32
-------
                   Appendix A2.7

        Elizabeth Park Layer-Contour Routine
Program Listing 9 - Example of Program Changes for Site
                       Input
                          A2-33
-------
                               PROGRAM LISTING #9
                                   FLAYERQE.M
function flayerqe
% function name : flayerqe
% function   : layers contour qe park
% description  : this function generates a contour plot
%         for the layers
%         for queen elizabeth park

% read the data from disk

% load line 01
load c:\brian\autocadt\qe01bj.txt
hld = qe01bj;
hid = hid';
[temp nOl] = size(hld);
no01(l :n01) = hld(3, 1 : nOl);
noOl =no01 -70000;
ea01(l :n01) = hld(4, 1 :n01);
eaOl =ea01 -4090000;
top01(l :n01) = hld(5, 1 : nOl);
bot01(l :n01) = hld(6, 1 : nOl);
diffOl =bot01 -topOl;
clear hid;

% load line 03
load c:\brian\autocadt\qe03bj.txt
hld = qe03bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n03] = size(hld);
no03(l :n03) = hld(3, 1 : n03);
no03 = no03 - 70000;
ea03(l : n03) = hld(4, 1 : n03);
ea03 = ea03 - 4090000;
top03(l : n03) = hld(5, 1 : n03);
bot03(l : n03) = hld(6, 1 : n03);
diff03=bot03-top03;
clear hid;

% load line 05


                                                                                    A2-34
-------
load c:\brian\autocadt\qe05bj.txt
hld = qe05bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n05] = size(hld);
no05(l : n05) = hld(3, 1 : n05);
no05 = no05 - 70000;
ea05(l : n05) = hld(4, 1  : n05);
ea05 = ea05 - 4090000;
top05(l :n05) = hld(5, 1 : n05);
bot05(l : n05) = hld(6, 1 : n05);
diffD5 = bot05-top05;
clear hid;

% load line 07
load c:\brian\autocadt\qe07bj.txt
hld = qe07bj;
hid = hid1;
[temp n07] = size(hld);
no07(l :n07) = hld(3, 1 : n07);
no07 = no07 - 70000;
ea07(l : n07) = hld(4, 1  : n07);
ea07 = ea07 - 4090000;
top07(l : n07) = hld(5, 1 : n07);
bot07(l : n07) = hld(6, 1 : n07);
difTO7 = bot07 - top07;
clear hid;

% load line 09
load c:\brian\autocadt\qe09bj.txt
hld = qe09bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n09] = size(hld);
no09(l :n09) = hld(3, 1 : n09);
no09 = no09 - 70000;
ea09(l : n09) = hld(4, 1  : n09);
ea09 = ea09 - 4090000;
top09(l : n09) = hld(5, 1 : n09);
bot09(l : n09) = hld(6, 1 : n09);
diff09 = bot09 - top09;
clear hid;

% load line 11
load c:\brian\autocadt\qel lbj.txt
hld = qellbj;
hid = hid';
                                                                                      A2-35
-------
[tempnll] = size(hld);
noll(l :nll) = hld(3, 1 :nll);
noil = no 11 -70000;
eall(l :nll) = hld(4, 1 :nll);
eal 1 = eal 1 - 4090000;
topi 1(1 :nll) = hld(5, 1 :nll);
botll(l :nll) = hld(6, 1 :nll);
diffll=botll  -topll;
clear hid;

% load line  13
load c:\brian\autocadt\qel3bj.txt
hld = qe!3bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!3] = size(hld);
no!3(l :n!3) = hld(3, 1 :n!3);
no!3=no!3-70000;
ea!3(l :n!3) = hld(4, 1 :n!3);
eal 3 = eal 3-4090000;
top!3(l :n!3)  = hld(5, 1 : n!3);
bot!3(l :n!3) = hld(6, 1 : n!3);
difT13 = botl3-topl3;
clear hid;

% load line 14
load c:\brian\autocadt\qel4bj.txt
hld = qe!4bj;
hid = hid';
[temp n!4] = size(hld);
no!4(l :n!4) = hld(3, 1 : n!4);
no!4 = no!4-70000;
ea!4(l :n!4) = hld(4, 1 : n!4);
eal4 = ea!4-4090000;
top 14(1 :n!4)  = hld(5, 1 : n!4);
bot!4(l :n!4)  = hld(6, 1 : n!4);
diffl4 = botl4-topl4;
clear hid;

nn03=n01  + n03;
nn05 = nn03 +n05;
nn07 = nn05 + n07;
nn09 = nn07 + n09;
nnll =nn09 + nll;
nnl3 = nnll +n!3;
                                                                                   A2-36
-------
x(l :n01) =
x(n01 + 1 :
x(nn03 + 1
x(nn05 + 1
x(nn07 + 1
x(nn09 + 1
x(nnl 1 + 1
x(nn!3 + 1
clear eaOl;
clear ea03;
clear ea05;
clear ea07;
clear ea09;
clear eal 1 ;
clear eal 3;
clear eal 4;
= ea01(l
:n01);
nn03) = ea03(l :
:nn05)
:nn07)
:nn09)
: nnll)
: nn!3)
:nn!4)








= ea05(l
= ea07(l
= ea09(l
= eal 1(1
= ea!3(l
= eal 4(1









n03);
: n05);
: n07);
: n09);
: nil);
:n!3);
:n!4);








y(l :n01) = no01(l
y(n01 + 1 : nn03) =
y(nn03 + 1 : nn05):
y(nn05 + 1 : nn07):
y(nn07 + 1 : nn09):
y(nn09+ 1 :nnll):
y(nnll + 1 :nn!3)
y(nn!3 + 1 : nn!4)
clear noOl;
clear no03;
clear no05;
clear no07;
clear no09;
clear noil;
clearno!3;
clear no 14;
      no03(l :
        no05(l
        no07(l
        no09(l
      = no!3(l
      = no!4(l
                         n03);
                         : n05);
                         : n07);
                         : n09);
                         : n!4);
zl(l :n01) =
zl(n01 + 1 :
zl(nn03 + l
zl(nn05 + 1
zl(nn07+l
zl(nn09 + 1
zl(nnll + 1
zl(nnl3 + l
clear topOl;
clear top03;
clear top05;
= top01(l :n
nn03) = top03(l : n03);
: nn05) = top05(l : n05);
:nn07) = top07(l : n07);
:nn09) = top09(l : n09);
:nnll) = topi 1(1 :nll);
:nnl3) = topl3(l : n!3);
:nnl4) = top!4(l : n!4);
                                                                                  A2-37
-------
clear top07;
clear top09;
clear topi 1;
clear topi3;
clear top 14;

z2(l :n01) =
z2(n01 + 1 :
z2(nn03 + 1
z2(nn05 + 1
z2(nn07 + 1
z2(nn09 + 1
z2(nnl 1 + 1
z2(nn!3 + 1
clear botOl;
clear bot03;
clearbotOS;
clear bot07;
clear bot09;
clear botll;
clear bot!3;
clear bot!4;

z3(l :n01) =
z3(n01 + 1 :
z3(nn03 + 1
z3(nn05 + 1
z3(nn07 + 1
z3(nn09 + 1
z3(nnll + 1
z3(nn!3 + 1
clear difiTOl;
clear diff03;
clear diffOS;
clear difTO7;
clear diff09;
clear diffl 1;
cleardifflS;
clear diffl 4;
fori=l :31;
 xi(i) = i*5;
end;
fori=l :33;
     = i*5;
= bot01(l :n
nn03) = bot03(l : n03);
:nn05) = bot05(l : n05);
:nn07) = bot07(l : n07);
:nn09) = bot09(l : n09);
:nnll) = botll(l :nll);
:nnl3) = bot!3(l :n!3);
:nnl4) = bot!4(l : n!4);
= diff01(l
nn03) = diff03(l : n03);
: nn05) = diff05(l : n05);
: nn07) = diff07(l : n07);
:nn09) = diff09(l : n09);
:nnll) = diffl 1(1 :nll);
:nnl3) = diffl3(l :n!3);
: nn!4) = diff!4(l : n!4);
                                                                                    A2-38
-------
end;
xi = 8420 - 5 + xi;
yi = 1360-5 + yi;

zi = griddata(x,y,z3,xi,yi);

fori=l :31;
 for j = 1 : 33;
 k=j + (i   1)*33;
 a(2,k) = yi(j);
 a(3,k) = zi(k);
 end;
end;
a = a';
save c:\brian\code\thickqe.txt a -ascii
clear a;

v=[.5.6.7.8J;

% make contour plot
figure(l);
grid;
cs = contour(xi,yi,zi,v);
axis('square');
axis([8420,8580, 1 360, 1 520]);
title('Queen Elizabeth Park Thick Sediment contour plot (over 0.5 m)');
ylabel('Northing');
grid;
xlabel('Easting  (Contour Interval is 0.1 m)');
%clabel(cs,'manuaT);

% end of function
                                                                                        A2-39
-------
                APPENDIX A3

     TECHNICAL TERMS AND SOFTWARE
           DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS
 This Appendix Provides the Definitions of Technical
Terms and Software Display Layouts in Their Order of
            Occurrence in the Report
                      A3-1
-------
A3.1  Acoustic Impedance

       Acoustic Impedance (Z) is defined as:

             Z = rho*c                                     (A3.1-1)

       where
             rho = density (gm/cmA3)
             c = velocity (m/second)

       The Acoustic Impedance is related to the reflectivity ( R) by:

             Z= (1+R)/(1-R)                               (A3.1-1)

       This equation assumes that the sound wave is plane and is normal (perpendicular)
incident to the reflecting layer.

A3.2  Reflectivity

       The layer reflectivity  is a measure  of the ratio of the  signal amplitude reflected
back from a given layer.  For normal incidence (perpendicular) cases the reflectivity ( R)
is a function of the two layers Impedance's  (Z). The equation of normal incidence is:

             R = (Z2 Z,)/(Z2+Zi)                         (A3.2-1)

       where
             Zi  = Impedance of the incident layer
             Za  = Impedance of the reflecting layer

A3.3  Bottom Loss

       The bottom reflectivity is often expressed in decibels for ease of reference in data
tables and because the sonar equation for bottom reflectivity is easier to handle when the
terms are in decibels.  The equation of bottom loss (BL) is :

             BL = 20*log(R)                               (A3.3-1)

       where
             R = bottom - water  interface reflectivity.

       Note that  the term bottom loss is normally used to  refer to the water-bottom
interface, hence the term bottom  loss.  The subbottom layer reflectivities  can also be
expressed in decibels.  See Sonar Equation (Section A3.4).  The bottom loss is often
                                                                               A3-2
-------
reported as a positive number in text and tables. However, it is important to note that it is
a negative number as the log of a fraction (reflectivity) is negative.

A3.4 Sonar Equation

       The Sonar Equation is used in the survey system calibration routines and for the
computation of bottom loss.  The  general sonar equation for the computation of bottom
loss (BL) in decibels (db) is:

              BL = SL-SR  Nw-Nhyd + NA + DI               (A3.4-1)

       where
              SL = sound source level of the survey pinger
              SR = signal received at the output of the survey receiver
              Nw - 20 * log (Range, meters), db  (transmission loss due to spherical
                    spreading along the path of sound propagation)
              Nhyd = survey receiver sensitivity, db
              NA = receiver amplifier gain, db
              DI = directivity index, db

A3.5 Windows CAL1 Routine

       Besides providing  source and receiver system calibration, the CAL1 calibration
routine is useful  during layer identification and material verification steps.  In particular,
the wave form of a given trace in a subfile can be displayed allowing confirmation of the
proper selection of  a given layer.   Also, independent verification  of bottom loss
(reflectivity) can be obtained. Figure A3.5-1 provides a summary of the CAL1 display.
Each major element of the display  is numbered and described below.

         1.  File Name -  The file name being  processed is displayed here.  The  file
            consists of  6 subfiles  labeled 0  to  5.   Each  file subfile  contains  the
            navigation data at the start (left side) of the subfile. These navigation points
            are noted on the final  cross sections with a circle with a cross through it.
         2.  SubFile Number Label - Each subfile is given a label number of 0 to 5.
         3.  Current Processed SubFile - The  current subfile being processed by the
            Sonar Equation  (Section  A3.4)  is replicated  in this  column with  the
            amplitude for the selected trace number being  shown to the right of this
            column (7).
         4.  Time  Scale Lines - The time scale lines (in milliseconds) is given on the left
            of the figure.
         5.  Time  Offset - The program has the ability to offset the start time by a given
            millisecond offset. In this case the offset is 2 milliseconds from the key start
            time.   This offset is  provided so that  the bottom display can be moved up
            and down.
                                                                              A3-3
-------
D:\21
2 _
A


«•
**
4
"\
ms. .









23.,.-
I17\BP IBPO
r ." I .'
<.%..v.\<«*Jt...)..x.».^^t>^;vrtfrJ.^v»i

tt^MMWC-MiraHKOTOT.


4
"P*^*»'*ii« .y^j^^S^^^' aniiiJ>M—
-«^'X; •"*>->iv'^'Cv'"»;t
•^:;V>--^W5
' x • ^ -»••'" -.
.».**•,
.- . ; '
':.> ' •..-.• '-. -
. ~* •"•'• "''', .crrr
." '•"•"/. *"•'•,-•
•

~ f\!nn O.^»l«t— "1
10080.DAT
2 | 3
i^tt*^tt~
2 3
4)5) 4 -6.0

M««-)Cr«4MWOM»MWM<^^4^>*Mft«M1*M^^^'(««rt^ M-:^»,->X*«:-«*>.-X
^v .•:- .!' .-!. :
10
J/

f • rt-i ., t' 't "4* , '
Qta.rAr kin-
8
I
i 	
^j^S-vM^w^i^^"^**^'-'- *™**rrf<':^21^
^»«' 'V '"^T •''""'"•-'** V»'-.i(--^'vx
'"••: '•• v •.-.-'- ;-.'V'; '"••'• '•• •;> i
•<--••••."< .-<•• ^•-..-,- •-,,--•",«<.. 1
•;;" 12
8

' N "^ . \ i •'
• ' • * ' \ ^ *
' , '- . X ' * n -,
- *** " .t '*" ^^** ' . ' . • ' * ' f^'
'*" ' ~ ' '% '•»*''< *«fc ' * .'',*• ^ ' ^^
' .V" *** "' ' ,(V*'"> '»•• •^
•-., \ ' "
'
«• & j > f\ t ^ ««\JMI


7
Amp!. *6
' K
I
1
•H
1
4
i
1
4
i
9
>•
*•
*
f
*
',

Tr*r*» Mn - 91
19
R(«i) = 9K1fi Source Level (db)
N(h) = "8E.07 Receiver Sensitivity (db)
Wffl] r 1ft 8 Amplifier Gain (db)
1 9
Ndl = 0. Directivity Index (db)

TRJ-J1_^---J-JUUL--_-l^-_1JU-jm
m- 1 K in9 Bottom Dist. *2 (m)
fthi/1 = ??194'| Bottom Trans. Loss (db)
D2 = 28.1 89 Multiple Dist*2 (m)
Nw? = ?ft. Multiple Tran.Loss (db)
Sn1 = 10K7? Mean Sig. Level Bott. (db)
SdS1 = 3.041 7 Std. Bottom Signal
Sfl2 = -1 1 .47 Mean Sig. Level Mult.(db)
8dS2 = 2.2026 Std. Multiple Signal

sdSs = 0. Std. Source Level
SdNhvd = 0. Std. Receive Level

BL - -8 4786 Mean Bottom Loss
firfRI =4.?7fifi Std. Bottom Loss
R - 0.41 844 Mean Refl. Coef.
8dR = 0.1 8437 Std. Refl. Coef.
1 Drno Mr.' - C
14
• w • >« •*» t'




\15
\16
                 CAL1 Routine Display
-------
6.  Seismic  Cross Section - The positive half wave rectified total file cross
   section is provided. This total display covers all the subfiles in the file.
7.  Amplitude Trace - The actual wave form of the Trace No. 21 is displayed.
   The program  can display any selected trace in the subfile from trace 1  to
   trace 40. The positive side of the wave form is to the right and the negative
   portion of the wave  form is  to  the left.  This  display is useful  when
   attempting to resolve closely spaced layers.
8.  Bottom Arrival Time  - Showing the strongest bottom reflection signal for
   the selected subfile which  corresponds to the start of the amplitude signal
   (9).
9.  Bottom  Amplitude  Signal    Provided  to reference  the bottom  signal
   discussed in item (8).
10. Water-Bottom Interface - Showing the point of selection of the water-bottom
   interface for the total file cross-section.
11. Source Ringing - This coherent signal is part of the ringing from the source
   ping. Its only use is to confirm that the timing is consistent.
12. Multiple - The bottom multiple occurs  because the bottom  signal has
   reflected twice off the bottom.   This multiple signal  and the bottom signal
   data can be entered into the  software by selecting these respective signals
   ';++" and  "xx" (18)   and  solving the Sonar Equation (column (19)) for
   bottom loss and reflectivity. This procedure is used to calibrate the Acoustic
   Core Reflection/Sign (ACRS) routine.
13. Display Gain  - The display gain can be varied to improve visual review of
   the amplitude data shown in the center of the Figure.
14. Stack Number - The stacking of up to 8 adjacent traces can be accomplished
   to improve the Signal-to-Noise.  In this particular case, the  bottom spatial
   variance is high and stacking  is not used.
15. Vertical Display - The time scale can be expanded to examine in  more detail
   various sections of the seismic cross-section.  In this particular display no
   vertical expansion was done.
16. Trace  Number - The  amplitude of any one of the  subfile traces can be
   displayed.  In this particular case, trace 21 is displayed. There are 40 traces
   in each of these subfiles.
17. Process Number - There are five different possible solutions of the sonar
   equation.  That is for source level, receiver level, etc.  In this particular
   display we are solving for  bottom loss  (reflectivity) by way  of process
   number 5.
18. Signal Selection Marks - The first reflection signal  "+ +" and  the  second
   reflection signal  "x x" marks are used to indicate the travel time regions
   where the computer  program  searches for the  largest signal  for  current
   computation.   In this  particular case the bottom  and multiple  signals are
   selected.
19. Sonar Equation Terms - This column of the display shows the processed
   results from the sonar equation solution.  Each term  is identified and mean
   and standard deviation of the computations are provided. The computations
                                                                        A3-5
-------
            are done  for all  traces in  the selected subfile.  The  source and  receiver
            standard deviations are zero for this case as these were input into the sonar
            equations as known values.

A3.6 Acoustic Core Reflection/Sign (ACRS) Routine

       The ACRS program is used to identify layers in complex structures and as an aid
in bottom classification (material type). The program uses the  Sonar Equation for the
computation of the bottom loss terms. For the Trenton Channel study two display modes
were  used,  correlation display and full wave rectified display.   These displays are
discussed in the following sub-sections.

A3.6.1      Correlation Display

       Figure A3.6-1 illustrates the output display for the correlation mode of operation
of the ACRS routine.   The right portion of the display, the correlation output, is also
called the pick plot.  The correlation display (5) is generated by performing the cross-
correlation of the  source wavelet with each seismic trace.  When the correlation level is
above the mean noise, a layer pick is made.  The sign of the pick is dependent on the
phase of the signal at that layer with respect to the wavelet phase.  A negative  phase is
shown with dashed lines (7) and a solid  line (8) is for positive phase. The phase changes
if there is  gas content in the bottom.   The routine also solves the Sonar Equation in
Section A3.4 and generates the bottom loss value for each trace as well as the overall file
mean and standard deviation bottom loss values. The keyed number items are as  follows:

         1.  File Name - The file  name being processed is  displayed here.   The file
            consists of 6 subfiles  labeled  0 to  5.    Each  file subfile contains the
            navigation data at the start (left side) of the subfile.  These navigation points
            are noted on the final cross  sections with a circle with a cross through it.
         2.  Wavelet Reference File Name - This file was originally generated by the
            CAL1 routine during the calibration of the source.   It contains  an exact
            replica the source wave form.
         3.  SubFile Number Label - Each subfile is given a label number of 0 to 5.
         4.  Normal Cross-Section  - The left hand portion of the display is the normal
            seismic half wave rectified  seismic cross-section.
         5.  Correlation Cross-Section  - The right half seismic display  is of the
            correlation pick plots  of the bottom layers with optimum signal-to-noise.
            The automated correlation  processing has  a vertical resolution limit of one
            wavelet.  That is, if a layer is identified it cannot pick another layer within
            the  equivalent travel  time of the  ping transmit  period.   This  is not a
            theoretical limitation, but rather a software limitation at the present time.
            This display is of great help when spatial variance is high as is shown in this
            plot.
         6.  Water-Bottom Interface - Water bottom interface for standard cross-section.
                                                                                A3-6
-------
           0
  13
  ms.
:D
LW
  15.5.
        P010081.DAT
       1  |  2  |  3
    REF: D:VACOUriqriC\R27BEC02.ASC
5  I   0    1    2    3    4    5
XWi$ty&&8$?
*.*t  \-v/••<,*  /•»/rf*
^^^^ te
<*''K-. - K-'. fv •  •.,' / •'• •t'l'x-'t.r ••'* ,v,«
 < '»; •;
 ..i^VM.';--^'  •  iyvy.^'.'/'vS' .'-;v
 -•' r'. '/ , -.V •, ••,  •   *. .;;  V v.  f^-1  '. ' !
                                        >/
                                         n •
                                         ' . II
                                       "l
         i>
         i<
        */
                                              »• S'
                                              v 'i ' f  >
                                              N ',' ^ ,  <
    i)
<\  . ; 
                         i 
-------
        7.  Water-Bottom Interface (Correlation Negative Sign) - The  water bottom
            interface  with the broken  lines indicating a negative phase  change at the
            layer interface.
        8.  Water-Bottom Interface (Correlation Positive  Sign)  -  The  water bottom
            interface with the solid line indicating a positive phase at the layer interface.
            The phase sign displays are also available on the subbottom layers.
        9.  Subbottom Layer - Illustrating the identification of a subbottom layer with
            the  correlation pick plot routine.  Another subbottom  layer exists and is
            picked below this layer.  If diffraction signals or if the signal to noise is bad
            the  record appears  incoherent (15).  Incoherent data is  ignored during
            interpretation.
        10. Bottom Loss Plot - The bottom loss for each trace in the entire file (all
            subfiles)  is computed and plotted.   Note the typical  high  variance of the
            bottom loss due to spatial variance.
        11. Bottom Loss Scale - The bottom loss scale ranges from 0 to -25 db.
        12. Vertical Display   As in  the CAL1 routine the seismic  section can be
            expanded  and displayed.  This particular display has been expanded by a
            factor of two from the original.
        13. Time Scale - The time scale (depth) is given in milliseconds increments.
        14. Time Scale Offset -  The entire display can be shifted vertically by changing
            the Time  Scale Offset with respect to the transmit key (time zero).  An offset
            of 5 milliseconds is shown  in the Figure.
        15. Diffraction and Incoherent  Reflectors - See Item 9 above.
        16. Sonar Equation  Processing - This column presents the solutions for the
            bottom loss and the input  variables used in the computation  of the bottom
            loss. Each variable  is labeled. The average bottom loss (ABL) is the mean
            bottom loss  for all traces  in all subfiles. Likewise, the standard deviation
            bottom loss is over all traces for all subfiles.

       All processed  data including bottom loss, travel time to  picked  layers,  and
reflection sign values are stored in ACSII data for processing at a later time.

A3.6.2      ACRS Full Wave  Envelope Display

       Figure A3.6-2 is the second ACRS display used for layer identification.  Item (1)
is the normal half wave cross-section as  shown on the left hand portion  of the Figure.
Item (2) is  the  same  data  displayed  as a full  wave  rectified envelope traces.   The
individual traces are constructed by  full wave rectifying the seismic trace (moving the
negative signals  to the positive side  of the trace) and then connecting the peaks of this
resultant signal.  The latter being referred to as the envelope.

       All other parameters on Figure A3.6-2 are  identical to the data presented in Figure
A3.6-1 and have not been reproduced on Figure A3.6-2.
                                                                                A3-8
-------
D.12117\P"
        0
15.5-
   .DAT
2  |   3  |  4
                                           RER D:\ACOU'vqc\R27QEC02,ASC
                                             01     2345
        ./V ''•<•,'•'•'
       •.,"'-v^;*-"'
        • v.'•''.•..' >-Vv
                   ' '  .''•*: ''A, V." /./ -':-- '/ '.•(•', •'
                  •• „•.:'.,. f'f/\'•'.•!•'   •' 'V  '.•
                      .:\; v>;.;; o-v'"^ «'v'%
                     •'• .' •;'; '«.',<., i»* .. f. •' •'.'
                                  Vert Disp=X2
                                                                              S[s)=95.16
                                                                              N[h)= -82.07
                                                                              N[a)=18.8
                                                                              SRD=1.5
           ^;. W >^^\V.^^>^^  $
                                                                             Sep= 3.5
                                                                             BTr= 5.

                                                                             ABL--9.1893
                                                                             sdBL- 4.5756
                                                                             SNo=0
                                                 ACRS  Full  Wave  Envelope  Display

                                                            Fi gure  A3 . 6-2
-------
       The full wave envelope is helpful in confirming layer identification. It also is an
excellent confirmation of the acoustic complexity of the bottom due to spatial variance.

A3.7 Diffraction Examples

       Diffractions are caused by the combination of wide beam patterns on the seismic
systems and very hard concentrated reflection targets (rocks). The Trenton Channel hard
pan consisted of compact clay, sand and rocks of various sizes.   These rocks on  the
surface of the hard pan generated diffraction patterns across the seismic record.

       Figure A3.7-1 illustrates how the diffraction pattern is generated by a wide beam
pattern source as the ship moves across a hard target. The top portion of the figure shows
the ship in three positions. Position 1  is when the beam pattern first intersects the hard
target (rock).  Because the reflection from the rock is so hard, the reflection is high even
though it is on the fringe of the beam pattern. Position 2  shows the ship directly over the
target, and Position 3 shows the ship with the back end of the beam pattern just leaving
the target.

       The bottom portion of Figure A3.7-1 shows a simplified  seismic cross-section
generated as  the  ship moves over the target.  The normal bottom is  shown which
replicates the true bottom, and the diffraction pattern generated because of the hard target
is also shown. In many cases of Trenton Channel there were many rocks on the bottom
making a noise pattern of diffraction patterns. The top of the diffraction pattern will be of
course the  top of the hard pan for the Trenton Channel.  This information was used to
confirm the hard pan during interpretation.

       In a normal harbor survey that does not exhibit high spatial variations, the data
can be stacked which suppresses the diffraction patterns.  This could not be undertaken in
the Trenton Channel because of the high spatial variance.  Another, more  expensive
solution for minimizing  diffraction patterns is to use  much narrower  beam patterns.
However,  the low frequencies involved when doing subbottom  profiling has prohibited
using these narrow beam patterns because of high cost of large arrays.   Consideration
should be given to these narrower beam patterns to aid in resolving  the bottom because of
spatial variation observed when encountering contaminated sediments.

A3.8 Envelope Layer Detection

       The resolution of thin layers can be aided through wave  form envelope analysis.
A thin layer is defined as any layer whose thickness converted  to travel time  is thinner
than the transmit wavelet. This section will review the generation of the trace envelope
and illustrate the resulting envelopes from a thick and thin layer.

       Figure A3.8-1 illustrates  the calibrate source wavelet for 7  KHz used for the
Trenton Channel  survey.  The travel time length of the  wavelet is approximately 1
millisecond that corresponds to a normal minimum layer resolution of 0.75 meters.  This
                                                                              A3-10
-------
                    SHIP POSITION 1
SHIP POSITION 2
SHIP POSITION 3
                                                                              Water Surface
3>
DJ
 i
                         SPHERICAL

                        WAVE FRONT
 VERY HARD

 REFLECTOR
                                                                                 Bottom
                                                           TT1  I I IN I  I  I  I  I

                                                                              Trigger 0
                                                                                 Bottom



                                                                      DIFFRACTION PATTERN
                                                                                           PHYSICAL MODEL
                                                                                           SEISMIC CROSS-SECTION
                                                                                        CAULFIELD  ENGINEERING
                                                                                        TITIE:
                                                                                                DIFFRACTION EXAMPLE
                                                                                        DRN BY.
                                                                                              H.V.
                                                                                        JOB NO:
                                                                                              2117
                                                            SCA1C:
                                                            DRAWNC NO:
                                                     DATE:
                                                                            24/3/97
                                                     CADD Fill:
                                                      Figure A3.7-1
-------
  10r
                                7KHz Reference Signal
en
"o
"5.
<  -2
   -6-
   -8
  -10
                                                   10
                                     Time (ms)
                     7 KHz  Reference  Wavelet
                            Figure A3.8-1
-------
wavelet is the reference signal employed in the generation of the correlation displays in
the ACRS routines.

       A simulated seismic  trace,  Figure  A3.8-2, was constructed by convoluting the
reference wavelet with ideal  reflecting layers shown on the bottom of this Figure.  Note
that the signal peaks about 1.5 wavelengths from its onset. For interpretation purposes, a
one (1) wave length shift from the peak to the actual bottom travel time was employed
and is noted in the text.  See Figure  17 of the main report.

       For the next step in  preparation for the generation  of the signal  envelope, the
seismic trace is full wave rectified as illustrated in Figure A3.8-3. As can be seen from
this Figure the full wave rectified trace is constructed by  moving the negative portion of
the signal to the positive side of the  trace.

       Figure A3.8-4 illustrates the trace envelope that can be derived from the rectified
trace  by either low pass filtering (the technique employed  here) or by peak detection.
These techniques are well established and are used  in AM radio signal detection. It is
clear  that for this Case 1, a 2.25 meter thick layer, that the layers are identified and do not
overlap.

       The same procedure was used for a 0.33 meter thick layer (approximately 1 foot),
Case  2,  and  the results from the envelope detection  for these  two layers is  shown in
Figure A3.8-5. As can be seen from this  Figure a resolution of even 0.5 feet is not
unreasonable.  This technique was employed to aid  in the resolution of  overlapping
layers.  The ACRS correlation program could not employ these techniques as the prime
purpose of the ACRS program was to recover the reflection sign. For these  overlapping
layers the sign computations are uncertain with the present program.  Project time was not
available to fully automate the procedures discussed here into the ACRS program.
                                                                                 A3-13
-------
   10
                     Reflection Signal from 2 Layers 2.25 meters Separation
I  °
Q.
   -2-
   -6
   -8
                    layer
layer 2
  -10
                                      Time (ms)
                                                     10
                                           15
                    Simulated  Seismic Trace from Ideal  Reflectors
                                 Figure A3.8-2
-------
   10
                    Full Wave Rect. Signal from 2 Layers 2.25 Meters Separation
   8r
   2 >—
45   o
a.
I  -2-
   -6r
   -8
                    layer 1
layer 2
  -10
                                                      10
                                       Time (ms)
                      Trace  Full  Wave  Rectification
                                            15
                             Figure A3.8-3
-------
   10
   8r
   6-
o

I   °
"5.
<  -2
   -8
  -10'
                    Envelope Rect. Signal from 2 Layers 2.25 Meters Separation
                    layer 1
                                    layer 2
                                                        10
                                        Time (ms)
                      Trace  Envelope -  Case  1
                             Figure  A3.8-4
15
-------
                     Envelope Rect. Signal from 2 Layers 0.33 Meters Separation
   10
    8-
o


I
"a.

<  -2
  -10
                     layer 1

   -8 h               I     layer 2
    0                          5                         10                        15
                                        Time (ms)
                        Trace  Envelope  -  Case  2


                              Figure  A3.8-5
-------
EPA 905/R-99/003                   Mar. 1999
                                           c.l

Micro survey: acoustic core and physical core
inter-relationship with spatial variation, Trenton
Channel of the Detroit River
-------