United States Office of Water EPA 816-R-01 -003
Environmental Protection (4606) January 2001
Agency
&EPA Preparing
Your Drinking Water
Consumer Confidence
Report
Revised Guidance for water suppliers
* *WorkingDraftforpublicreview* *
-------
United States Office of Water EPA 816-R-01 -003
Environmental Protection (4606) January 2001
Agency
vxEPA Preparing
Your Drinking Water
Consumer Confidence
Report
Revised Guidance for water suppliers
* *WorkingDraftforpublicreview* *
-------
Notice
ThisdocumentprovidesguidancetowatersuppliersonEPA'scurrentinterpretationof
theConsumerConfidenceReportRule.Theguidanceisdesignedtoimplementnationalpolicy
ontheseissues.Thedocumentdoesnot,however,substituteforEPA'sregulations;norisita
regulationitself.Thus,itcannotimposelegally-bindingrequirementsonEPA,states,orwater
suppliers,andmaynotapplytoaparticularsituationbaseduponitscircumstances.EPAand
statedecisionmakersretainthediscretiontoadoptapproachesonacase-by-casebasisthatdiffer
fromthisguidancewhereappropriate.EPAmaychangethisguidanceinthefuture.
Contents
Introduction 1
I.Whatisaconsumerconfidencereport? 1
n.Whomustprepareaconsumerconfidencereport? 1
ffl.Whenmustawatersystemdistributeitsreport? 2
IV.Whatcontentisrequiredinthereport? 2
Iteml:Watersysteminformation 3
Item2:Source(s)ofwater 4
Item3:Definitions 4
Item4:Detectedcontaminants 5
ReportrngonCryptosporidiumandradon 8
Reportingonadditionalmonitoring 9
ItemS :Compliancewithotherdrinkingwaterregulations 9
Item6:Educationalinformation 10
SpecialrequirementsforNitrate,Lead,Arsenic,andTrihalomethanes 11
V.Whatshouldthereportlooklike? 12
VI.Howmustawatersystemdistributeitsreport? 13
AppendixA-Regulatedcontaminants 14
Unregulatedcontaminants 25
ICRmicrobialcontaminants 25
ICRdisinfectionby-products 25
AppendixB-U.S.EPA'sMinimumDetectionLimits 29
AppendixC-Interpretingmonitoringdata 31
AppendixD-CertificationForm 33
AppendixE-ExamplesofConsumerConfidenceReports 34
-------
Introduction
This document is for water suppliers who
are preparing the new drinking water Consumer
Confidence Reports [40 CFRpart 141 Subpart
O]. This guide explains all of the requirements
for report content, format, and distribution that
the U.S. EPA established in the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, published in the
FEDERAL REGISTER on August 19, 1998.
The rationale for consumer confidence
reports (CCRs) is that consumers have the right
to know what is in their drinking water and
where that water comes from. The reports will
help consumers to make informed choices that
affect the health of themselves and their fami-
lies. They also will encourage consumers to
consider the challenges of delivering safe drink-
ing water. Educated consumers are more likely
to help protect their drinking water sources and
to understand the true costs of safe drinking
water.
Water suppliers, states, and EPA are all
working to educate consumers about the
sources and quality of their drinking water, and
to increase their involvement in decisions about
it. EPA is revising its public notification re-
quirements to speed up notification of serious
health threats and simplify notification of other
violations. Systems and states are including
citizens in decisions regarding use of the drink-
ing water state revolving fund and in planning
source water assessment programs. Consumers
who are familiar with the basic drinking water
information in CCRs will be able to participate
more effectively in these processes.
I. What is a consumer confidence report?
In 1996, Congress amended the Safe Drink-
ing Water Act. It added a provision requiring
that all community water systems deliver to
their customers a brief annual water quality
report. CCRs summarize information that your
water system already collects to comply with
regulations. You will not need to engage in
any new monitoring just for the CCR.
The CCR includes information on your
source water, the levels of any detected contami-
nants, and compliance with drinking water
rules, plus some educational material. Most
reports will fit on a few sheets of paper. A
report that contains too much information or is
full of technical jargon can discourage consum-
ers from learning about their drinking water.
II. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report?
Every community water system (serving at
least 15 service connections and/or 25 people
year round) must prepare and distribute a report.
These systems typically include cities, towns,
homeowners associations, and trailer parks.
A water wholesaler that sells water to an-
other water system must provide the retailer
with monitoring data and other information that
will enable the retailer to produce a CCR,
unless the two systems make a different con-
tractual agreement. Wholesalers are not respon-
sible for creating the report for the retailer, nor
are they responsible for providing data on
contaminants that the retailer monitors (such as
lead or trihalomethanes). Regardless of who
produces the report, the retail system is respon-
sible for ensuring that its customers receive a
report containing all required content.
In some cases, a retailer will contract with
the wholesaler to produce the report. There are
several options in this relationship. If the
retailer had no new data to add, it could simply
-------
send out the wholesaler' s CCR with a cover
letter explainingtheirrelationship. If the re-
tailerdidneedtoadddata,itmightchooseto
reprint the wholesaler's CCR with a new ti-
tle/letterheadandextradata.Eitheroftheseis
acceptable.
III. When must a water system distribute its report?
Youmustdeliveryourfirstreporttocon-
sumers by October 19,1999. The reports are
basedoncalendar-yeardata,soyourfirstreport
will include data collected between January-
December 1998. In 2000 and the years
following,yoursystemmustdeliveritsreportto
consumersbyJulyl.
Wholesalers must deliver information to
their buyers by April 1999 (unless there is a
separateagreement),andannuallythereafter.A
newcommunitywatersystemmustdeliverits
first report by July 1 of the year after its first
full calendar year in operation, and annually
thereafter.
IV. What content is required in the report?
This guidance describes EPA's require-
mentsforaCCRandsuggests(usingthewords
"we encourage," "should," and "may") other
sections or explanations that will help your
customersunderstandthereport. Your state' s
CCRrulemayrequiremoreinformation,sobe
sure to check with your state drinking water
program.
BasicConsumerConfidenceReportRequirements
(pleasereadonfordetailsandrecommendedenhancements)
watersysteminformation
• name/phonenumberofcontactperson
informationonpublicparticipationopportunities
• informationfornon-Englishspeakingpopulations,ifapplicable
sourcesofwater
• type,name,andlocationofwatersources
•. availabilityofsourcewaterassessment
• informationonsignificantsourcesofcontamination.ifavailable
definitions: MCL,MCLG,othersasneeded
detectedcontaminants
• tablesummarizingdataondetectedregulated&unregulatedcontaminants
• knownorlikelysourceofeachdetectedcontaminant
• [forMCLviolations]healtheffectslanguageandexplanation
• informationonCrxpto^ponW(ttm,radon,andothercontaminants,ifapplicable
compliancewithotherdrinkingwaterregulations
explanationofviolations,potentialhealtheffects,andstepstakentocorrectthe
violations
• explanationofvariance/exemption,ifapplicable
requirededucationalinformation
• explanationofcontaminantsandtheirpresenceindrinkingwater
• warningforvulnerablepopulationsaboutCrjpto^ponW/'uffj
• informationalstatementsonarsenic,nitrate,andlead,ifnecessarv
-------
EPAencouragesyoutotailorthecontentof
yourCCRtolocalconditionsIfyouthinkthat
an added picture or graph would help your
customerstounderstandyourreport,addit.If
yourcustomerswouldbenefitfromanexplana-
tionofyourneedfornewtreatmentfacilities,
tellthemAslongasanyadditionaleducational
informationisconsistentwith,andnotdetract-
ing from, the purpose of the report, you may
add it. For example, the CCRrule does not
require a title for your rep ort. However, you
shouldgiveyourreportatitletocatchthecus-
tomer' s attention. You may call the report a
"consumerconfidencereport,"a"waterquality
report,"orchooseanothertitle.
Customers are most interested in a clear
statementorvvhetheromottheirdrinkingwater
meetsallEPAandstatestandardsAlthoughit
isnotrequiredbytheregulations,youwillhelp
your customers if you tell them whether the ir
water met all drinking water standards. Be
cautious inusingtheword"safe" since water
thatmeetsstandardsandissafeformostpeople
might not be safe for infants, chemotherapy
patients,orpeoplewithHrV7AIDS.
EXAMPLE-Lastyear, as in years past, your tap
watermetallEPAandstatedrinkingwaterhealth
standards. Local Water vigilantly safeguards its
water supplies and once again we are proud to
reportthatoursystemhasneverviolatedamaxi-
mum contaminant level or of any other water
quality standard, [or, if you had a violation,
beginwith: Lastyear,weconductedmorethan
testsforoverSOcontaminantsWeonlydetected
ofthosecontaminants,andfoundonly atalevel
higherthanEPAallowsAswetoldyouatthetime,
our water temporarily exceeded drinking water
standards. For more information, see the para-
graphmarked Violation on the back. ] Thisbro-
chure is a snapshot of last year's water quality.
Includedaredetailsaboutwhereyourwatercomes
from,whatitcontains,andhowitcomparestoEPA
andstatestandards.Wearecommittedtoprovid-
ingyouwithinformationbecausdnformedcustom-
ersareourbestallies.
Item 1: Water system information
Identify the name of your system, and
providethefollowinginformationaboutit:
Thmameandtelephonenumbeioiaperson
atthewatersystemwhocananswerques-
tionsaboutthereport.
A list of known opportunities for public
participationindecisionsthataffectdrink-
ingwater quality (e.g., time and place of
regularly-scheduled water board or city/
county council meetings). If you do not
have regularly-scheduled meetings, tell
customers how to get information when
meetingsareannounced.
Systemsthathavealargeproportionof non-
Englishspeakingresidents mustincludeinfor-
mationintheappropriatelanguageexpressing
the importance of the report or offering addi-
tionalinformationinthatlanguage.Thestate
will make the final determination of which
systemsneedtoincludethisinformation.
EXAMPLE—This report contains important infor-
mationaboutyourdrinkingwater. Translateit, or
speakwithsomeonewhounderstandsit.
-Spanish-Este informe contiene informacion muy
importantesobresuaguabeber.Traduzcaloohablecon
alguienqueloentiendabien.
-Korean-
-Chinese-
-French-Ce rapport contient des informations
importantessurvotreeaupotableTraduisez-leouparlez
enavecquelqu'unquilecomprendbien.
-------
Item 2: Sourcefs) of water
Describeyourwater(groundwater,surface
water, or a blend), and the commonly-used
name(s)(ifsuchanameexists)andlocationsof
your water source(s). We encourage you to
provideasimplemapofyoursystem'ssources.
Explaining your various interconnections
andback-upsourcesmaybedifficult,butitis
important that consumers understand that the
sourceoftheirwatermayvaryduringtheyear.
Remembertoincludeinyourtableofdetected
contaminantsmonitoringdataforthese"extra"
sources if you use water from them. If your
situation is complex, you may need to work
with someone from your state drinking water
programtodecidewhatinformationbelongsin
yourreport.
If a source water assessment has been
completed,tellcustomerswheretogetacopy.
Ifyouhavereceivedyoursourcewaterassess-
ment,includeinthereportabriefsummaryof
youisourcewater'ssusceptibilitytocontamina-
tionbasedonthefindingsofthesourcewater
assessment. The state should develop this
summaryaspartofthesourcewaterassessment
processandprovideittoyou,oryoumaywrite
ityourself.
If you do not have information from the
sourcewaterassessment,weencourageyouto
include any other information about potential
sourcesofcontaminationthatisreadilyavail-
abletoyou;foiexample,informationcontained
inasanitarysurvey.Thisisyouropportunityto
educateyourcustomersabouttheimpactsthat
they and others have on the quality of their
sourcewater. Youmaywanttoprovidepollu-
tion prevention tips or information on local
watershedcleanupactivities.
Item 3: Definitions
EveryCCRmustincludedefinitionsofkey
terms that consumers will need to understand
thecontaminantdata.Youmustusethedefmi-
tionslistedbelow.
MaximumContaminantLeveI(MCL): The
highestlevelofacontaminantthatisallowedin
drinkingwater. MCLsaresetasclosetothe
MCLGs as feasible using the best available
treatmenttechnology.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
(MCLG) :Thelevelofacontaminantindrink-
ing water below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a
marginofsafety.
• Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
(MRDL):Thehighestlevelofadisinfectant
allowedindrinkingwater.Thereisconvincing
evidencethatadditionofedisinfectantisneces-
saryforcontrolofrnicrobialcontaminants.
• MaximuniResidualDisinfectantLeveGoal
(MRDLG): The level of a drinking water
disinfectantbelowwhichthereisnoknownor
expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not
reflectthebenefitsoftheuseofdisinfectants
tocontrolmicrobialcontamination.
Include the following definitions only if
yourreportcontainsinformationonadetected
contaminantthatisregulatedbyanactionlevel
(e.g., lead) or a treatment technique (e.g.,
turbidity):
• TreatmentTechnique: A required process
intendedtoreducethelevelofacontaminant
indrinkingwater.
-------
ActionLevel :Theconcentrationofacontami-
nant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
otherrequirementswhichawatersystemmust
follow.
Includethefollowingdefmitiononlyifyour
water system operated under a variance or
Item 4: Detected contaminants
exemption during the calendar year that the
reportdescribes:
Variances and Exemptions: State or EPA
permissionnottomeetanMCLoratreatment
techniqueundercertainconditions.
Anessentialpartofthereportisthetable
that shows the highest level of each detected
contaminant(thisisusuallythevalueyoureport
to the state to determine compliance) and the
rangeoflevelsofthatcontaminantyoufound
during the year, if compliance is based on an
averageofseveralsamples.
Adetectedcontaminantisanycontaminant
detected at or above its minimum detection
limit (MDL). (See Appendix B) If you are
unsureoftheMDLforacontaminant,andyour
lab reports a value greater than zero, include
thatinthereport.Yourstatemayhavelower
MDLs that take precedence over EPA's. Do
not include in the table contaminants that are
notdetectedoraredetectedbelowtheMDLIf
yousometimesdistributewaterfromemergency
or back-up sources, you generally need to
includemonitoringresultsfromthesesourcesin
therangesofdetections thatyoureport in the
table, unless the source's contribution is
insignificant(e.g.,onedayperyear).
The main table of detected contaminants
mustoontainonly dataaboufregulatedcontami-
nants (contaminants subj ect to a MCL, treat-
menttechnique(TT),oractionlevel(AL)),and
unregulatedcontaminantsforwhichEPAorthe
staterequiresmonitoringunder40CFR141.40
ortheInformationCollectionRule(ICR).See
below for special instructions about Crypto-
sporidium andradon. Youmaymake several
tablestoseparateregulatedcontaminantsfrom
those that do not have MCLs, such as ICR
contaminants.Youmaywanttoorganizeyour
table(s) by contaminant type (e.g.,microbial,
inorganic) or sampling site (e.g., treatment
plant, distribution system). Report any addi-
tionalmonitoringdatainanothersectionofthe
CCR^eparatedfromtheregulatedcontaminant
data. If you want to list all the contaminants
which you monitored but did not detect, you
must do so outside of the table of detected
contaminants. Ifyouchoosetoreportonsec-
ondary MCLs, or if your state requires this
reporting,dosooutsideofthemaintable.
Toensurethatconsumerscaneasilycom-
paredetectedcontaminantievelstotheirMCLs,
your table must display the MCL for each
contaminantinunitsthatexpressitasanumber
greaterthanl.OReporttheMCLGandlevelof
thedetectedcontaminantinthesameunitsas
the MCL. For example, atrazine is usually
reportedinmg/l.Itiseasierforcustomersto
seethatyourwatercontainsatrazineatalevel
lOtimeslowerthantheMCLifyoureportthe
MCLas3ppbandthedetectedlevelasO. 3ppb
than if you were to report the MCL as 0.003
mg/landthedetectedlevelas0.0003mg/l.In
this case, you convert by multiplying the de-
tected level and MCLby 1000. Appendix A
showstheconversionfactorforeachcontami-
nant. When you round results to determine
compliance, round before multiplying the
resultsbythefactorlistedinAppendixA.
The CCR includes data from monitoring
completedduringthepastcalendaryear How-
ever, if you have monitoring waivers, or for
anotherreasonmonitorlessthanonceperyear,
useyourmostrecentdata.Forexample,ifyou
monitoronceeverythreeyearsforlindaneand
-------
detect lindane in a sample, report the same .
detectionleveleachofthethreeyearsuntilyou
takeanewsamplelfthereportcontainsdetec-
tion data that is not from the calendar year
indicated, the table must show the date of
monitormgandthereportmustcontainabrief
statementexplainingthatthedatapresentedis
fromthemostrecentmonitoringdoneincom-
pliancewithregulations.
EXAMPLE— Thestateallowsustomonitorforsome
contaminantslessthanonceperyearbecausethe
concentrationsofthesecontaminantsdanotchange
frequently. Someofourdata, thoughrepresenta-
tive, aremorethanoneyearold.
You do not need to report monitoring re-
sultsthataremorethanfiveyearsold.Report
the results of Information Collection Rule
monitoringonlyforfiveyearsfromthedateof
the last sample or until the detected contami-
nantbecomesregulatedandsubjecttoregular
monitoring, whichevercomesfirst.
The table must contain, for each detected
contaminant:
(1) the MCL, expressed as a number greater
thanl.O(seeAppendixA).Ifthecontami-
nant is regulated by a TT, put the letters
"TT"inplaceoftheMCL.Ifthecontami-
nant is regulated by an AL, specify the
applicableActionLevel.
(2) theMCLG,expressedinthesameunitsas
theMCL(seeAppendix A).
(3) thelevelofthatcontaminantexpressedin
thesameunitsastheMCLandMCLG:
ifcomplianceisdeterminedannuallyorless
frequently (many inorganic and chemical
contaminants), include the highest detected
level at any sampling point and the range of
detectedlevels,ifapplicable.
if compliance is determined by a running
annualaverageofallthesamplestakenfroma
samplingpoint(foiExamplephemicalcontami-
nants),includethehighestaverage(asreported
tothestateforcompliancepurposes)and the
rangeofdetections.(SeeAppendixC)
if compliance is determined by a running
annual average of all samples at all sampling
points (for example, TTHMs), include the
highest average and the range of detected
levels.(SeeAppendixC)
forturbidity(whenreportedpursuantto40
CFR 141.13-turbidity as a MCL for systems
thataustinstallfiltrationbu1haven't),include
thehighestmonthlyaverage.
forturbidity(whenreportedpursuantto40
CFR141.71-rurbidityasaTTforsystemsthat
have met criteria for avoiding filtration), in-
cludethehighestsinglemeasurementfoundin
anymonth.Youshouldexplainthereasonsfor
measuringturbidity.
EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the
cloudinessofthewaterWemonitoritbecause
itisagoodindicatorofwaterquality.High
turbidity can hinder the effectiveness of
disinfectants. ;
forturbidity(whenreportedpursuantto40
CFR141.73-turbidityasaTTforsystemsthat
filteranduserurbidityasanindicatoroffiltra-
tionperformance),includethehighestsingle
measurementand thelowestmonthlvpercent-
age of samples meeting the turbidity limits
specified in 141.73 for the relevant filtration
technology. (See Appendix C) Beginning
withyour2003 report, reportturbiditybased
ontherevisedrequirements in 141.173. You
should explain the reasons for measuring
turbidity.
EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the
cloudinessofthewaterWemonitorifbecause
itisagoodindicatoroftheeffectivenessofour
filtrationsystem.
for lead and/or copper, include the 90 th
percentilevaluefromthemostrecentsampling
(if it is a number greater than zero) and the
numberofsitesthatexceededtheactionlevel.
-------
Donotreportrelatedparametricdata.
for total coliforms (systems that collect
fewerthan40samplespermonth),includethe
highestnumberofpositivesamplescollected
inanyonemonth.
fortotalcoliforms(systemsthatcollect40
ormoresamplespermonth),includethehigh-
estpercentageofbositivesamplescollectedin
anyonemonth.
forfecalcoliformsand E.coli ,includethe
numberofpositivesamplestakenthatyear.
Ifyoudetectbetaparticlesinyourwaterator
below50pCi/l,youshouldreportthedetected
levelinpCi/1. Sothatconsuraersmayhavea
standardagainstwhichtocomparethaldetected
level,include"50*"intheMCLcolumn(rather
than the actual MCL of 4 mrem/year) and
includeafootnotetothetablethatsays"*EPA
considersSOpCi/ltobethelevelofconcernfor
beta particles." If you detect beta particles
above50pCi/l,youmustdeterminetheactual
radioactiveconstituentspresentinthewaterto
calculatethedoseexposurdevelinmrem/year,
and must report both the detected level and
MCLasmrem/year.
(1) thelikelysourceofthatcontaminant,tothe
bestofyour knowledge. Ifyouhavereli-
ableinformation,thereportshouldidentify
aspecificpointsource,suchas"Al'schick-
enhouses"orthe"Super-shinyPaperMill".
If you lack reliable information on the
specific source of a contaminant, include
oneormoreofthetypicalsourceslistedin
AppendixBthatismostapplicabletoyour
situation.
(2) foranycontaminantdetectedinviolationof
aMCLoraTT,orexceedinganAL,clearly
highlight in the table the violation or
» exceedence. This indication could, for
example,taketheformofadifferentcolor
type,alargerorbolderfont,oralargestar.
Near,butnotin,thetable,includeanexpla-
nation of the length of the violation/
exceedence, the potential adverse health
effects(fromAppendixA),andactionsyou
tooktoaddresstheviolation/exceedence.
(3) Ifyou'vedetectedunregulatedcontaminants
for which state or federal rules require
monitoring (for example, the ICR or 40
CFR 141.40), except Cryptosporidium,
include the average of all of the year's
monitoringresultsandthe range ofdetec-
tions. See Appendix A foralistofthese
contaminants.
Weencourageyoutoincludemoreinforrna-
tiononthepotentialhealtheffectsofthese
contaminants ifthe results mayindicatea
healthconcern.Weconsideranydetection
aboveaproposedMCLorhealthadvisory
leveltoindicateconcern.Youcancallthe
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-
4791) for this information or find it on
EPA'swebsiteat www.epa.gov/safewater/
hfacts.html. Forthesecontaminants,EPA
recommends that the report contain an
explanation of the significance of the re-
sults, noting the existence of the health
advisoryorproposedMCL.
Youmaywishtoexplainthereasonsfor
unregulatedcontaminantmonitoringwitha
statementlikethefollowing.
EXAMPLE-Unregulated contaminant moni-
toring helps EPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether it needs to
regulatethosecontaminants.
Multipledistributionsvstems
Ifyoursystemsupplieswaterthroughtwo
ormoredistributionsystemsthatusedifferent
rawwatersourcesandarenotphysicallyinter-
connected,youmaywanttoincludeinthetable
a separate column of detection data for each
serviceareaJDescribetheareathateachdistri-
butionsystemserves.
-------
Reporting on Cryptosporidium and radon
If you monitored for Cryptosporidium
and/orradonanddidnotdetectthem,youdo
not need to discuss the monitoring or the
results in your report. If your system has
performedmonitoringthatindicatesthepres-
enceofradoninitsfinishedwater,includein
thereport:
• the results of monitoring (the analytical
valuesreportedbythelab).
• anexplanationofthesignificanceofme
results.Tellcustomersiftheyneedtobe
concerned by the information that the
CCRprovides.
EXAMPLE—Radonisaradioactivegasthatyou
can 'tsee, taste, or smell. Itisfoundthroughout
the U. S.Radoncanmoveupthroughtheground
ahdintoahomethroughcracksandholesinthe
foundation.Radoncanbuilduptohighlevelsin
all types of homes. Radon can also get into
indoor air when releasedfrom tap water from
showering, washingdishes, andotherhousehold
activities.Comparedtoradonenteringthehome
through soil, radon enter ing the home through
tapwaterwillinmostcasesbeasmallsourceof
radon in indoor air. Radon is a known human
carcinogen. Breathingaircontainingradoncan
lead to lungcancer. Drinkingwater containing
radonmayalsocauseincreasedriskofstomach
cancer Ifyouareconcernedaboutradoninyour
home, testtheairinyourhome. Testingisinex-
pensiveandeasy.Fixyourhomeifthelevelof
radoninyourairis4picocuriesperliterofair
(pCi/L)orhigher.Therearesimplewaystofixa
radonproblemthataren 'ttoocostly. Foraddi-
tionalinformation.calfyourstateradonprogram
orcallEPA'sRadonHotline(800-SOS-RADON).
Note: In2001fEPAexpectstopromulgatea
newRadonRulewhichwillsetanewstan-
dardforradonindrinkingwater.ThisCCR
provision will remain in effect until CWSs
have completed the initial monitoring re-
quirementsspecifiedinthenewrule.
Ifyoursystemhasperformedmonitoringthat
indicates the presence of Cryptosporidium
eitherinitssourcewateroritsfinishedwater,
include the following information in your
report:
asummaryoftheresultsofthemonitor-
ing. Youmaychoosewhetherornotto
report the actual analytical results as a
partofthissummary.
• anexplanationofthe significance of the
results.Tellcustomersiftheyneedtobe
concerned by the information that the
CCRprovides.
EXAMPLE-Cryptospondiumsamicrobia^>ath-
ogenfoundinsurfacewaterthroughouttheU.S.
A Ithoughfdtrationremoves cryptosporidium, the
most commonly-used filtration methods cannot
guarantee! OOpercentremoval.Ourmonitoring
indicatesthepresenceoftheseorganismsinour
sourcewaterand/orfinishedwater.Currenttest
methodsdonotallowustodetermindftheorgan-
ismsaredeador if they arecapableofcausing
diseaseJngestionof cryptosporidiummaycawi'e
cryptosporidiosis, an abdominal infection.
Symptomsofinfectionincludenausea.diarrhea,
andabdominalcrampsMosihealthyindividuals
can overcome the disease within a few weeks.
However, immuno-compromisedpeople are at
greaterrishofdevelopinglife-threateningiUness.
Weencourageimmuno-compromisedindividuals
to consult their doctor regarding appropriate
precautions to take to avoid infection.
Cryptosporidiummustbeingestedtocausedis-
ease.anditmaybespreadthroughmeansother
thandrinkingwater.
-------
Reporting on additional monitoring
If your system has performed voluntary
monitoringthatindicatesthepresenceofnon-
regulatedcontaminantanthefmishedwater,we
stronglyencourageyoutoreportanyresultsthat
mayindicateahealthconcern.Publicknowl-
edgeofpotentialproblemsisintheinterestof
you and your customers. We consider any
detection above a proposed MCL or health
advisoryleveltomdicateconcernCalltheSafe
DrinkingWaterHotlineorvisitEPA'swebsite
for this information. For these contaminants,
EPArecommendsthatthereportcontain:
• theresultsofmonitoring
• an explanation of the significance of the
results, noting the existence of the health
advisoryorproposedMCL.
Item 5: Compliance with other drinking water regulations
If your water system violated one of the
followingrulesduringtheyearcoveredbythe
report,youiCCRmustdescribetheviolation(s).
Just as you must explain the potential health
effectsoianyMCLviolation,youmus1provide
aclearandreadilyunderstandableexplanation
ofanyotherviolation,potentialadversehealth
effects (if any), and the steps the system has
takentocorrecttheviolation.
Treatmenttechniques
(1) Filtration and disinfection (Surface
WaterTreatmentRulerequirements).
Iftheviolationwasafailuretoinstall
adequate filtration or disinfection
equipmentorprocesses,ortherewas
afailureofthatequipmentorprocess, •
includethefollowinglanguage:
Inadequatelytreatedwatermaycontain
disease-causing organisms. These or-
ganisms include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites, which can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
associatedheadaches.
(2) Leadandcoppeicontrolrequirements.
Iftheviolationwasafailuretomeet
corrosion control treatment, source
water treatment, or lead service line
requirements, include the health ef-
fectslanguageforleadorcopperlist-
edinAppendixA.
(3) Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin~If
youviolateeithertreatmenttechnique,
youmustincludetherelevanthealth
effectslanguagefromAppendixA.
Monitoring and reporting of compliance
datalfyoursystemfailedtotakethesam-
pleontime,thereportshouldsay"health
effectsunknown".Ifyoursystemtookthe
samplesaccuratelyandon-time,butmailed
the results late, you don'tneedto discuss
healtheffects.
Recordkeepingrequirements
Specialmonitoringrequirements
Violationofavariance,anexemption,oran
administrativeorj udicialorder
VariancesandExemptions
Ifyoursystemoperatedunderavarianceor
exemptionatanytimeduringtheyearcovered
by the report, include an explanation of the
variance or exemption, the date that it was
issued, why it was granted, when it is up for
renewal,andastatusreportonwhatthesystem
isdoingtoremedytheproblemAlso,tellyour
customers how they may participate in the
reviewofthevarianceorexemption.
-------
Item 6: Educational information
Your CCR must prominently display the
followingstatements:
(1) Drinking water, including bo tiled water, may
reasonablybeexpectedtocontainatleastsmall
amountsofsomecontaminants . Thepresenceof
contaminantsdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethat
water poses a health risk. More information
aboutcontaminantsandpotentialhealtheffects
can be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe
DrinkingWaterHotline(l-800-426-4791).
(2) Somepeoplemaybemorevulnerabletocon-
taminantsin drinkingwaterthan the general
population. Immuno-compromised persons
suchaspersonswithcancerundergoingche-
motherapypersonswhohaveundergoneorgan
transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other
immune system disorders, some elderly, and
infantscanbeparticularlyatriskfrominfec-
tions. Thesepeopleshouldseekadviceabout
drinkingwaterfrom their health careprovid-
ers: EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate
meanstolessentheriskofinfectionby Crypto-
sporidiumanrfother microbial contaminants
are available from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline(l-800-426-4791).
Yourreportmustcontainbasicinformation
about drinking water contaminants. Use the
followinglanguage,oryoumaywriteyourown
comparable language thatbetterfits yourspe-
cificlocalsituation:
Thesourcesofdrinkingwater(bothtapwater
and bottled water) includerivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travelsoverthesurfaceofthelandorthroughthe
ground, it dissolves naturally-occurringminerals
and, insomecases, radioactivematerial, andean
pickupsubstancesresultingfromthepresenceof
animalsorfromhumanactivity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
waterinclude:
• Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and
bacteria,whichmaycomefromsewagetreatment
plants£epticsystems,agriculturallivestockopera-
tions, andwildlife.
•Inorganiccontaminantsjuchassaltsandmetals,
which can be naturally-occurring or result from
urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic
waste-water discharges, oil and gas production,
mining, orfarming.
•Pesticidesandherbicides.whichmaycomefrom
a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban
stormwaterrunoff,andresidentialuses.
• Organic chemical contaminants, including
syntheticandvolatileorganicchemicals,whichare
byproducts ofindustrialprocessesandpetroleum
production,andcanalsocomefromgasstations,
urbanstormwaterrunoff,andsepticsystems.
• Radioactive contaminants, which can be
naturally-occurringorbetheresultofoilandgas
productionqndminingactivities.
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to
drink,EPAprescribesregulationswhichlimitthe
amountofcertaincontaminantsinwaterprovided
bypublicwatersystems.FoodandDrugAdminis-
trationregulationsestablishlimitsfoncontaminants
in bottled water which must provide the same
protectionforpublichealth.
10
-------
Special requirements for Nitrate, Lead, Arsenic, and Trihalomethanes
Ifyourwatercontains:
• Nitrateabove5ppm(50%oftheMCL),
butbelow 1 Oppm(theMCL);
• Arsenicabove25ppb(50%oftheMCL),
butbelow50ppb(theMCL);and/or
Lead above 15 ppb (the Action Level) in
more than 5%, and up to and including
10%,ofsitessampled[ifyoursystemsam-
plesfewerthan20sitesandhasevenone
sampleabovetheAL,includethestandard
explanationforanALexceedence],
you must include in your report the relevant
special educational statement listed below
aboutthatcontaminant.
Nitrate: Nitrateindrinkingwateratlevelsabove
lOppmisahealthriskforinfantsoflessthansix
months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking
watercancausebluebabysyndromeNitratelevels
mayrisequicklyforshortperiodsoftimebecause
of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are
caringforaninfant.youshouldaskforadvicefrom
yourhealthcareprovider.
Arsenic: EPA is reviewing th e drinking water
standardforarsenicbecause of special concerns
thatitmaynotbestringentenough.Arsenicisa
naturally-occurringmineralknowntocausecancer
inhumansathighconcentrations.
Note: In2001,EPAexpectstopromulgatean
Arsenic Rule, which will set a new, more
stringent standard for arsenic in drinking
waterJJponpromulgationofthearsenicrule,
thisprovisionwillbeamended
Lead: Infants and young children are typically
morevulnerabletoleadindrinkingwaterthanthe
generalpopulationJtispossiblethatleadlevelsat
yourhomemaybehigherthanatotherhomesinthe
community as a result of materials used inyour
home's plumbing. If you are concerned about
elevatedleadlevelsinyourhome'swater.youmay
wishtohaveyourwatertestedandflushyourtap
for30secondsto2minutesbeforeusingtapwater.
AdditionalinformationisavailablefromtheSafe
DrinkingWaterHotline(800-426-4791).
Ifyoubelievethatthelanguageaboveisnot
relevant to your s ituation, you may adj ust the
languageinconsultationwithyourstate.
Trihalomethanes
Ifyoursysternhasarunningannualaverage
for trihalomethanes above 80 ppb (the new
MCLsetbytheStagelDisinfectant/Disinfec-
tion Byproducts Rule that is not in effect till
2001 )butbelowthecurrentMCLof 1 OOppb,
you must include the health effects statement
for TTHMs contained in Appendix C. You
shouldexplaintoyourcustomershowyouplan
toreducethislevel.
Other educational information
You are not limited to providing only the
required informationinyourreport.Youmay
usethereporttoexplain(orincludeadiagram
of) your treatment processes, source water
protectionefforts,orthecostsofyourmaking
watersafeto drink. Youmayincludeastate-
mentfromthemayororgeneralmanager. Or
youcouldeducateyourcustomersaboutwater
conservation,tasteandodorissues,affiliations
withprogramssuchasthePartnershipforSafe
Water,andsoforth.Youmaywanttoprovide
theaddressforEPA'sdrinkingwaterwebsite
(www.epa.gov/ safewater/). The only limita-
tion on this information is that it must not
interfere with the educational purpose of the
report.
11
-------
V. What should the report look like?
You don't need a fancy computer or a
graphicdesignertoproduceaCCRthatiseasy
to read and inviting to your customers. The
bestwaytodesignyourreportistospendsome
timelookingatotherreports.Seewhatcatches
youreye,andcopyitAfewthingstoconsider:
Write short sentences. Keep your para-
graphsshort,too.
Don'tmakeyourtextsizetoosmall.You
mightwanttosqueezeafewextrasentences
in your report, but if you add too much,
peoplemightignoretheentirereport.
Give a draft of your CCR to relatives or
friends who aren' t drinking water experts
andaskthemifitmakessense.Askcus-
tomersfortheircommentswhenyoupub-
lishthereport.
Don' tdistractfromyounnainmessagewith
graphicsand/orpicturesmatdon'tcomple-
mentyourmessage.
Beassimpleandstraightforwardaspossi-
ble.Avoidacronyms,initials,andjargon.
Consider printing the report on recycled
paper and taking other steps to make the
report "environmentally friendly". If you
hope to get your customers involved in
protectingsourcewater^etagoodexample
forthem.
12
-------
VI. How must a water system distribute its report?
You must mail or deliver a copy of your
consumer confidence report to each of your
customers,andmakeagoodfaithefforttoget
reportstonon-bill-payingconsumers.Deliver
yourfirstreportbyOctoberl 9,1999,andyour
reportsinyearsafterthatbyJulyl.Youmay
includethereportswithwaterbills,iffeasible,
oryouniaysendthereportsasseparatemailers.
Keep your report on file for five years, and
makeitavailabletothepublicuponrequest.
Send a copy to the director of the state
drinking water program when you mail it to
customers.Withinthreemonthsofthereport's
duedate,submittothestateacertification(see
AppendixD)thatyoudistributedthereport,and
that its information is correct and consistent
withthecompliancemonitoringdatapreviously
submittedtotheStateSendacopytoanyother
stateagencythatthestatedrinkingwaterpro-
gram director identifies. We also encourage
you to send copies to state and local health
departments, as well as local TV and radio
stations and newspapers. Systems that serve
100,000ormorepeoplemustposttheirreports
onthelnternet.
Itisinyoursystem'sinteresttospreadthe
wordaboutthequalityofitswaterSincernany
consumersofyourwatermaynotreceivebills
(people such as apartment renters), you must
makeseriousand"goodfaith"effortstoreach
non-bill paying consumers. A "good faith"
effort means selecting the most appropriate
method(s) to reach those consumers from a
menu of options that your primacy agency
recommends.Thoseoptionsincludebutarenot
limitedto:
postingthereportonthelnternet
• mailingthereporttoallpostalpatrons
• advertisingtheavailabilityofthereportin
newspapers,TV,andradio
publishingthereportinalocalnewspaper
• postingthereportinpublicplacessuchas
cafeterias of public buildings, libraries,
churches,andschools
• deliveringmultiplereportsfordistribution
bysingle-billercustomerssuchasapartment
buildingsorlargeprivateemployers
• deliveringthereporttocommunityorgani-
zations
Your Governor (or Tribal leader or EPA
Regional Administrator in some cases) can
waive the mailing requirement for water sys-
temsthatservefewerthatlO,OOOpeople.You
maychoosetomailthereporteveniftheGov-
ernorhasissuedawaiver. Ifyoudecidetouse
thewaiver,takethefollowingsteps:
Publish the report in one or more local
newspapers
Informcustomers,eitherbynotificationin
newspapersorbyothermeansapprovedby
theState,thatreportswillnotbemailed
Makethereportsavailableuponrequest
IfyoursystemservesSOOorfewerpeople
andtheGovernorwaivesthemailingrequire-
ment for small systems, you do not have to
publishthereportinthenewspaper,thoughyou
maywanttodoso.Atleastonceayear,you
mustnotifycustomersthroughamailed,deliv-
ered,orpostednoticethatthereportisavailable
fromyourwatersystemuponrequest.
Systemsthatserve 100,000ormorepeople
must post their reports on the Internet. EPA
encouragesotheisystemstoposttheiireportsas
wellManylocalgovernmentshavesiteswhere
youcouldpostyourreport,evenifyoursystem
itselfdoesnothaveasiteEPAwillmakelinks
from its website ( www.epa.gov/safewater/) to
allthereportsofwhichitisaware.
13
-------
AppendixA-RegulatedContaminants
TheCCRRulepromulgatedonAugustl 9,1998(63FR44511 )containedAppendicesA,B,and
CtoSubpartOwhichprovidedinformationaboutcontaminantsEPAregulatesJnformationincluded
conversionsforMCLcompliancevalues4ikelysourcesofcontaminants,andhealtheffectslanguage
for contaminants detected above federal standards. The revised Public Notification (PN) Rule
publishedinthe FederalRegister onMay4,2000(65FR25982)amendedtheCCRRulebydeleting
AppendicesA,B,andCtoSubpartOandcombiningtheinformationintoonenew,comprehensive
AppendixAtoSubpartO.
TheRadionuclidesRulepublishedinthe FedmzZRegwteronDecember7,2000(65FR76708)also
updatedthenewAppendixAtoSubpartObyaddinginformationforuranium.Asummaryofthe
changesmadebythePNandRadionuclidesRulesarelistedbelow. Appendix AtoSubpartOis
presentedonthefollowingpages.
AppendixAtoSubpartO-SummaryofChanges :
ThePNandCCRruleshavesomeparallelrequirementsandchangesweremadetobetteralignthe
CCRRule with the PN Rule. For example, both rules now use the same mandatory language to
describepotentialhealtheffectsofviolationsChangestotheCCRRulebecameeffectiveJuneS^OOO.
AsummaryofthechangesmadebythePNRuletotheAppendicesofSubpartOaregivenbelow:
Appendices A, B, and C to Subpart O, which contain various pieces of information about the
contaminants EPA regulates, are deleted and the information is combined into a new,
comprehensiveAppendixAtoSubpartO.Asaresultofthischange,annumberofreferencesin
theCCRRuletothethreeappendicesarerevisedtoreflectthenewcombinedAppendixAAsnew
rulesarepromulgated,theymaychangetheinformationinAppendixA.EPAwillmaintainan
updatedversionofAppendixAonitswebsiteat: www.epa.gov/safewater/tables.html.Thiswill
eliminate theneedtorepublishtheentiretableineachfinalrulethatchangestheinformationit
contains.
ThenewAppendixAtoSubpartOcontainsregulatoryandhealtheffectsinformationoneachof
the disinfectants and disinfection byproducts regulated in the Stage 1 D/DBPRule thatEPA
publishedinDecemberl998.Althoughsystemswillnotberequiredtoincludeinformationon
these contaminants in their CCRs until after the effective date of the new State 1 D/DBP
regulations,somesystemsmaychoosetodosoearlier.EPAaddedinformationonthefollowing
regulatedcontaminantstotheCCRRule:
1) totalorganiccarbon 5) chlorite
2) . bromate 6) chlorinedioxide
3) chloramines 7) haloaceticacids
4) chlorine
• ThestandardhealtheffectslanguageforfluorideinthecurrentCCRregulationsisrevisedtobe
identicaltothehealtheffectslanguagerequiredforviolationofthefluorideMCLinthePNRule.
TheRadionuclidesRuleupdatedthenewAppendixAtoSubpartObyaddingMCLJiealtheffects,
andlikelysourceinformationforuranium.
14
-------
APPENDIX A TO SUSP ART O - REGULATED CONTAMINANTS
Key
AL=ActionLevel
MCL=MaximumContaminantLevel
MCLG=MaximumContaminantLevelGoal
MFL=millionfibersperliter
mrcm/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation
absorbedbythebody)
NTU=NephelometricTurbidityUnits
pCi/l=picocuriesperliter(ameasureofradioactivity)
ppm=partspermillion,ormilligramsperliter(mg/l)
ppb=partsperbillion,ormicrogramsperliter(
ppt=partspertrillion,ornanogramsperliter
ppq=partsperquadrillion,orpicogramsperliter
TT=TreatmentTechnique
g/l)
Contaminant
(units)
traditional
MCLin
mg/L
to
convert
forCCR,
multiply
by
MCLin
CCR
units
MCLG
MajorSourcesin
DrinkingWater
HealthEffectsLanguage
MicrobiologicalContaminants
MCL:(systemsthatcollect 40
TotalColiform samples/month)5%ofmonthly
Bacteria samplesarepositive;(systemsthat
collect<40samples/month) 1
positivemonthlys ample
0 Naturallypresentintheenvironment
Coliformsarebacteriathatarenaturallypresentinthe
environmentandareusedasanindicatorthatother,
potentially-harmful,bacteriamaybepresent.Coliforms
werefoundinmoresamplesthanallowedandthiswasa
warningofpotentialproblems.
MCLraroutinesampleandarepeat
Fecalcoliformand samplearetotalcoliformpositive,and
E.coli oneisalsofecalcoliformor E.coli
positive
Human andanimalfecal waste
Fecalcoliformsand£.co/f'arebacteriawhosepresence
indicatesthatthewatermaybecontaminatedwith
humanoranimalwastes.Microbesinthesewastescan
causeshort-termeffects,suchasdiarrhea,cramps,
nausea,headaches,orothersymptoms.Theymayposea
specialhealthriskforinfants,youngchildren,and
peoplewithseverely-compromisedimmunesystems.
TotalOrganic
Carbon
TT
n/a Naturallypresentintheenvironment
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects.
However,totalorganiccarbonprovidesamediumforthe
formationofdisinfectionbyproducts.Thesebyproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids
(HAAs).Drinkingwatercontainingthesebyproductsin
excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects,
liver,orkidneyproblems,ornervoussystemeffects,and
mayleadtoanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Turbidity
TT
TT
n/a Soilrunoff
Turbidityhasnohealtheffects.However,turbiditycan
interferewithdisinfectionandprovideamediumfor
microbialgrowth.Turbiditymayindicatethepresence
ofdisease-causingorganisms.Theseorganismsinclude
bacteria,viruses,andparasitesthatcancausesymptoms
suchasnausea,cramps,diarrheaandassociated
headaches.
15
-------
to
_ . . traditional convert
Contaminant . .„, . , „„„
, .. . MCLin forCCR,
(Units) ,r 1^1
mg/L multiply
by
RadioactiveContaminants
Beta/photonemitters . ,
, , . 4mrem/yr
(mrem/yr)
Alphaemitters(pCi/l) 1 5pCi/l
Combined , „.,.
radium(pCi/l) P
Uranium(pCi/l) 30 g/l
MCLin .. . 0
CCR MCLG MajorSourcesm
DnnkingWater
units
HealthEffectsLanguage
. „ Decayofiiaturalandman-made
deposits
1 5 0 Erosionofhaturaldeposits
5 0 Erosionofhaturaldeposits
30 0 Erosionofhaturaldeposits
Certainmineralsareradioactiveandmayemitformsof
radiationknownasphotonsandbetaradiation.Some
peoplewhodrinkwatercontainingbetaandphoton
emittersinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhave
anincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Certainmineralsareradioactiveandmayemitaformof
radiationknownasalpharadiation.Somepeoplewho
drinkwatercontainingalphaemittersinexcessofthe
MCLovermanyyearsmayhaveanincreasedriskof
gettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingradium226or
228inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininguraniumin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancerandkidneytoxicity.
InorganicContaminants
Antimony(ppb) .006 1000
Arsenic(ppb) .05 1000
Asbestos(MFL) 7MFL
Barium(ppm) 2
Beryllium(ppb) .004 1000
Cadmium(ppb) .005 1000
Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries;
6 6 fireretardants;ceramics;electronics;
solder
Erosionofhaturaldeposits;Runoff
50 n/a fromorchards;Runofffromglassand
electronicsproductionwastes
_ _ Decayofasbestoscementwatermains;
Erosionofnaturaldeposits
Dischargeofdrillingwastes;Discharge
2 2 frommetalrefineries;Erosionof
naturaldeposits
Dischargefrommetalrefineriesand
. . coal-burningfactories;Dischargefrom
electrical,aerospace,anddefense
industries
Corrosionofgalvanizedpipes;Erosion
ofhaturaldeposits;Dischargefrom
metalrefineries;Runofffromwaste
batteriesandpaints
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingantimpnywell
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
increasesinbloodcholesterolanddecreasesinblood
sugar.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingarsenicin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
skindamageorproblemswiththeircirculatorysystem,
andmayhaveanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingasbestosin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriskofdevelopingbenignintestinalpolyps.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingbariumin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperiencean
increaseintheirbloodpressure.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingberylliumwell
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscoulddevelop
intestinallesions.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingcadmiumin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
kidneydamage.
16
-------
to
„ . . traditional convert
Contaminant »,,-,, • r ,-,/^r.
, .. . MCLin forCCR.
(units) „ ... .
mg/L multiply
by
Chromium(ppb) .1 1000
Copper(ppm) AL=1.3
Cyanide(ppb) .2 1000
Fluoride(ppm) 4
Lead(ppb) AL=.015 1000
Mercury[inorganic]
(ppb)
Nitrate(ppm) 10
Nitrite(ppm) 1
MCLin »vr • o
CCR MCLG MajorSourcesin
DrinkingWater
units "
. no .. „ Dischargefromsteelandpulpmills;
Erosionofhaturaldeposits
Corrosionofhouseholdplumbing
AL=1.3 1.3 systems;Erosionofhaturaldeposits;
Leachingfromwoodpreservatives
Dischargefromsteel/metalfactories;
200 200 Dischargefromplasticandfertilizer
factories
Erosionofhaturaldeposits; Water
. . additivewhichpromotesstrongteeth;
Dischargefromfertilizerandaluminum
factories
Aj_., „ Corrosionofhouseholdplumbing
systems;Erosionofnaturaldeposits
ErosionofharuraldepositsjDischarge
2 2 fromrefmeriesandfactories;Runoff
fromlandfills;Runofffromcropland
Runofffromfertilizeruse;Leaching
10 10 fromseptictanks,sewage;Erosionqf
naturaldeposits
RunofffromfertilizerusejLeaching
1 1 fromseptictanks,sewage;Erosionof
naturaldeposits
HealthEffectsLanguage
Somepeoplewhousewatercontainingchromiumwell
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
allergicdermatitis.
Copperisanessentialnutrient,butsomepeoplewho
drinkwatercontainingcopperinexcessoftheaction
leveloverarelativelyshortamountoftimecould
experiencegastrointestinaldi stress. Somepeoplewho
drinkwatercontainingcopperinexcessoftheaction
levelovermanyyearscouldsufferliverorkidney
damage.PeoplewithWilson'sDiseaseshouldconsult
theirpersonaldoctor.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingcyanidewellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
nervedamageorproblemswiththeirthyroid.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingfluoridein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldgetbone
disease,includingpainandtendernessofthebones.
FluorideindrinkingwaterathalftheMCLorrnoremay
causemottlingofchildren'steeth,usuallyinchildren
lessthannineyearsold.Mottlingalsoknownasdental
fluorosis,mayincludebrownstainingand/orpittingof
theteeth.,andoccursonlyindevelopingteethbefore
theyeruptfromthegums..
Infantsandchildrenwhodrinkwatercontainingleadin
excessoftheactionlevelcouldexperiencedelaysin
theirphysicalormentaldevelopment.Childrencould
showslightdeficitsinattentionspanandlearning
abilities.Adultswhodrinkthiswaterovermanyyears
coulddevelopkidneyproblemsorhighbloodpressure.
Sornepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininginorganic
mercurywellinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperiencekidneydamage.
Infantsbelowtheageofsixmonthswhodrinkwater
containingnitrateinexcessoftheMCLcouldbecorne
seriouslyilland,ifuntreated,maydie. Symptoms
includeshortnessofbreathandbluebabysyndrome.
Infantsbelowtheageofsixmonthswhodrinkwater
containingnitriteinexcessoftheMCLcouldbecome
seriouslyilland,ifuntreated,maydie. Symptoms
includeshortnessofbreathandbluebabysyndrome.
17
-------
„ . . tradil
Contaminant _
(units)
ing
to
ional convert " MCLin
Lin forCCR, CCR
;/L multiply units
by
Selenium(ppb) .05 1000 50
Thallium(ppb) .002 1000 2
_, _ MajorSourcesin
IVlv-LjvJ r\ • i • 11 r A.
DnnkingWater
Dischargefrompetroleumandmetal
50 refineriesjErosionofhaturaldeposits;
Dischargefrommines
Leachingfromore-processingsites;
0.5 Dischargefromelectronics,glass,and
drugfactories
HealthEffectsLanguage
Seleniumisanessentialnutrient.However,somepeople
whodrinkwatercontainingseleniuminexcessofthe
MCLovermanyyearscouldexperiencehairor
fingemaillosses,numbnessinfingersortoes,or
problemswiththeircirculation.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingthalliumin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
hairloss,changesintheirblood,orproblemswith their
kidneys,intestines,orliver.
SyntheticOrganicContaminantsincludingPesticidesandHerbicides
2,4-D(ppb) .07 1000 70
2,4,5-TP[Silvex](ppb) .05 1000 50
Acrylamide TT
TT
Alachlor(ppb) .002 1000 2
Atrazine(ppb) .003 1000 3
Benzo(a)pyrene[PAH]
(nanograms/1)
0002 1,000,000 200
Carbofuran(ppb) .04 • 1000 40
_. Runofffromherbicideusedonrow
crops
50 Residueofbannedherbicide
,, Addedtowaterduringsewage/
wastewatertreatment
» Runofffromherbicideusedonrow
crops
3 Runofffromherbicideusedonrow
crops
,, Leachingfromliningsofwaterstorage
tanksanddistributionlines
.„ Leachingofsoilfumigantusedonrice
andalfalfa
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingtheweedkiller
2,4-DwellinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscould
experienceproblemswiththeirkidneys,liver,oradrenal
glands.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingsilvexinexcess
oftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperienceliver
problems.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininghighlevelsof
acrylamideoveralongperiodoftimecouldhave
problemswiththeirnervoussystemorblood,andmay
haveanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingalachlorin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldhaveproblems
withtheireyes,liver,kidneys,orspleen,orexperience
anemia,andmayhaveanincreasedriskofgetting
cancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingatrazinewellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeircardiovascularsystemor
reproductivedifficulties.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingbenzo(a)pyrene
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayexperience
reproductivedifficultiesandmayhaveanincreasedrisk
ofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingcarbofuranin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirblood,ornervousorreproductive
systems.
18
-------
,-,... tradil
Contaminant _
(units)
m§
to
tional convert MCLin
Lin forCCR, CCR
;/L multiply units
by
Chlordane(ppb) .002 1000 2
Dalapon(ppb) .2 1000 200
Dpethylhexyl) .4 1000 400
adipate(ppb)
^"f^"16^ -006 1000 6
phthalate(ppb)
Dibromochloropropane 1,000,000 200
(PPO
Dinoseb(ppb) .007 1000 7
Diquat(ppb) .02 1000 20
Dioxin[2,3,7 8- 1,000,0000
TCDD](ppq) 00
Endothall(ppb)
1 1000 100
Endrin(ppb) .002 1000 2
Epichlorohydrin TT
TT
»*/-•¥ /-^ MajorSourcesm
MCLG „ . . . ... .
DrinkingWater
0 Residueofbannedtertniticide
-,,,, Runofffromherbicideusedonrightsof
way
400 Dischargefromchemicalfactories
. Dischargefromrubberandchemical
factories
Runoff/leachingfromsoilfumigant
0 usedonsoybeans,cotton,pineapples,
andorchards
Runofffromherbicideusedon
soybeansandvegetables
20 Runofffromherbicideuse
Emissionsfromwasteincinerationand
0 othercombustionjDischargefrom
chemicalfactories
100 Runofffromherbicideuse
2 Residueofbannedinsecticide
Dischargefromindustrialchemical
0 factories;Animpurityofsomewater
treatmentchemicals
HealthEffectsLanguage
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingchlordanein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirliverornervoussystem,andmay
haveanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdalaponwellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
minorkidneychanges.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdi(2-
ethylhexyl)adipatewellinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperiencegeneraltoxiceffectsor
reproductivedifficulties.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdi(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalateinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearsmayhaveproblemswiththeirliver,orexperience
reproductivedifficulties.andmayhaveanincreasedrisk
ofgettingcancer.
SomepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingDBCPin
excessoftheMCLoverrnanyyearscouldexperience
reproductiveproblemsandmayhaveanincreasedriskof
gettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdinosebwellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
reproductivedifficulties.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdiquatin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldgetcataracts.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingdioxinin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
reproductivedifficultiesandmayhaveanincreasedrisk
ofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingendothallin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirstomachorintestines.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingendrinin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
liverproblems.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininghighlevelsof
epichlorohydrinoveralongperiodoftimecould
experiencestomachproblems,andmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
19
-------
r, . . tradil
Contaminant _
(units)
to
tional convert MCLin
Lin forCCR, CCR
;/L multiply units
by
Ethylenedibromide 5Q
(PPt)
Glyphosate(ppb) .7 1000 700
Heptachlor(ppt) .0004 1,000,000 400
Heptachlorepoxide
(PPt)
Hexachlorobenzene „„. .„„„ .
(ppb)
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene(ppb)
05 1000 50
Lindane(ppt) .0002 1,000,000 200
Methoxychlor(ppb) .04 1000 40
Oxamyl[Vydate](ppb) .2 1000 200
PCBs[Polychlorinated
biphenyls](ppt)
0005 1,000,000 500
»»/-.¥ «-- MaiorSourcesm
MCLG _ . , . ... ,
DrinkingWater
0 Dischargefrompetroleumrefmeries
700 Runofffromherbicideuse
0 Residueofbannedpesticide
0 Breakdownofheptachlor
» Dischargefrorrunetalrefmeriesand
agriculturalchemical factories
50 Dischargefromchemicalfactories
-„,. Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideused
oncattle,lumber,gardens
.„ Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideused
onfruits,vegetables,alfalfa,livestock
.„„ Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideused
onapples,potatoesandtomatoes
- Runofffromlandfills;Dischargeof
wastechemicals
HealthEffectsLanguage
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingethylene
dibromideinexcessoftheMCLoverrnanyyearscould
experienceproblemswiththeirliver,stomach,
reproductivesystem,orkidneys,andmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingglyphosatein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirkidneysorreproductivedifficulties.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingheptachlorin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
liverdamageandmayhaveanincreasedriskofgetting
cancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingheptachlor
epoxideinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscould
experienceliverdamage,andmayhaveanincreasedrisk
ofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
hexachlorobenzeneinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperienceproblemswiththeirliveror
kidneys,oradversereproductiveeffects,andmayhave
anincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
hexachlorocyclopentadienewellinexcessoftheMCL
overmanyyearscouldexperienceproblemswiththeir
kidneysorstomach.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininglindanein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirkidneysorliver.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingmethoxychlor
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
reproductivedifficulties.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingoxamylin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
slightnervoussystemeffects.
SomepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingPCBsinexcess
oftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperiencechanges
intheirskin,problemswiththeirthymusgland,immune
deficiencies,orreproductiveornervoussystern
difficulties,andmayhaveanincreasedriskofgetting
cancer.
20
-------
to
_ . . , traditional convert
Contaminant *„,-,•, • c /^/-,,-.
, .. . MCLm forCCR,
(UIlltS) IT I*' 1
mg/L multiply
by
Pentachlorophenol QQ[ IQQQ
(ppb)
Picloram(ppb) .5 1000
Simazine(ppb) .004 1000
Toxaphene(ppb) .003 1000
MCLin ,. . c .
CCR MCLG MajorSourcesin
DnnkingWater
units "
. ,. Dischargefromwoodpreserving
factories
500 500 Herbiciderunoff
4 4 Herbiciderunoff
,. Runoff/leachingfrominsecticideused
oncottonandcattle
HealthEffectsLanguage
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
pentachlorophenolinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperienceproblemswiththeirliveror
kidneys,andmayhaveanincreasedriskofgetting
cancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingpicloramin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirliver.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingsimazinein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirblood.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingtoxaphenein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldhaveproblems
withtheirkidneys,liver,orthyroid,andmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
VolatileOrganicContaminants
Benzene(ppb) .005 1000
Bromate(ppb) 0.010 1 000
Carbontetrachloride OQ5
(ppb)
Chloramines(ppm) MRDL=4
Chlorine(ppm) MRDL=4
, - Dischargefromfactories;Leaching
fromgasstoragetanksandlandfills
. „ - By-productofdrinkingwater
chlorination
Dischargefromchemicalplantsand
otherindustrialactivities
MRDL=4 MRDLG=4 Wateradditiveusedtocontrol
microbes
MRDL=4 MRDLG=4 Wateradditiveusedtocontrol
microbes
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingbenzenein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
anemiaoradecreaseinbloodplatelets,andmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingbromatein
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingcarbon
tetrachlorideinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceproblemswiththeirliverandmayhave
anincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhousewatercontainingchloramineswell
inexcessoftheMRDLcouldexperienceirritating
effectstotheireyesandnose.Somepeoplewhodrink
watercontainingchloramineswellinexcessofthe
MRDLcouldexperiencestomachdiscomfortoranemia.
Somepeoplewhousewatercontainingchlorinewellin
excessoftheMRDLcouldexperienceirritatingeffects
totheireyesandnose.Somepeoplewhodrinkwater
containingchlorinewellinexcessoftheMRDLcould
experiencestomachdiscomfort.
21
-------
Contaminant
(units)
traditional
MCLin
mg/L
to
convert
forCCR,
multiply
by
MCLin
CCR
units
MCLG
MajorSourcesin
DrinkingWater
HealthEffectsLanguage
Chlorite(ppm)
0.8
Wateradditiveusedtocontrol
microbes
Someinfantsandyoungchildrenwhodrinkwater
containingchlorinedioxideinexcessoftheMRJDL
couldexperiencenervoussystemeffects.Similareffects
mayoccurinfetusesofpregnantwomenwhodrink
watercontainingchloriteinexcessoftheMCL.Some
peoplemayexperienceanemia.
ChlorineDioxide(ppb) MRDL=.8
1000
MRDL=80 MRDLG=8 Wateradditiveusedtocontrol
0
00 microbes
Someinfantsandyoungchildrenwhodrinkwater
containingchlorinedioxideinexcessoftheMRDL
couldexperiencenervoussystemeffects.Similareffects
mayoccurinferusesofpregnantwomenwhodrink
watercontainingchlorinedioxideinexcessofthe
MRDL.Somepeoplemayexperienceanemia.
Chlorobenzene(ppb)
1000
Dischargefromchemicaland
agriculturalchemical factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingchlorobenzene
inexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexperience
problemswiththeirliverorkidneys.
o-Dichlorobenzene
(ppb)
1000
600
600
Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingo-
dichlorobenzenewellinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperienceproblemswiththeirliver,
kidneys,orcirculatorysystems.
p-Dichlorobenzene
(ppb)
.075
1000
75
75
Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingp-
dichlorobenzeneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceanemia,damagetotheirliver,kidneys,
orspleen,orchangesintheirblood.
1,2-Dichloroethane
.005
1000
„ Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining 1,2-
dichloroethaneinexcessoftheMCLovermanvyears
mayhaveanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
1,1-Dichloroethylene
(ppb)
.007
1000
Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining 1,1-
dichloroethyleneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceproblemswiththeirliver.
cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene(ppb)
„_ .„„„ _„ .,„ Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingcis-1,2-
dichloroethyleneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceproblemswiththeirliver.
trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene(ppb)
Dichloromethane(ppb) .005
1000
inn ino Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
„ Dischargefrompharmaceuticaland
chemicalfactories
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingtrans-1,2- .
dichloroethylenewellinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperienceproblemswiththeirliver.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
dichloromethaneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldhaveliverproblemsandmayhaveanincreased
riskofgettingcancer.
22
-------
to
_ , , traditional convert
Contaminant ,_„, . , „„„
, .„ . MCLin forCCR.
(units) „ ... .
mg/L multiply
by
1,2-Dichloropropane
(Ppb)
Ethylbenzene(ppb) .7 1000
(HAA)(tlCb)CldS •°6° 100°
Styrene(ppb) .1 1000
Tetrachloroethylene ,.„., .-,,..
(ppb)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene „_ innn
(ppb) 'U/ IUUU
1 , 1 , 1 -Trichloroethane
1,12-Trichloroethane
(ppb)
Trichloroethylene .
(ppb)
TTHMs[Total 10QO
trihalomethanes](ppb)
Toluene(ppm) 1
MCLin .„ . „
CCR MCI C MajorSourcesm
DrinkingWater
units to
- » Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
700 700 Dischargefrompetroleumrefineries
,„ . By-productofdrinkingwater
disinfection
. - - . ,. .. Dischargefromrubberandplastic
factories;Leachingfromlandfills
Dischargefromfactoriesanddry
cleaners
Dischargefromtextile-fmishing
l\j /U /.
factories
-,,,, .,,,. Dischargefrommetaldegreasingsites
andotherfactories
, , Dischargefromindustrialchemical
factories
, „ Dischargefrommetaldegreasingsites
andotherfactories
„,. . By-productofdrinkingwater
chlorination
1 1 Dischargefrompetroleumfactories
HealthEffectsLanguage
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingl,2-
dichloropropaneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
mayhaveanincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingethylbenzene
wellinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearscould
experienceproblemswiththeirliverorkidneys.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaininghaloacetic
acidsinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingstyrenewellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldhaveproblems
withtheirliver,kidneys,orcirculatorysystem.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
tetrachloroethyleneinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldhaveproblemswiththeirliver,andmayhave
anincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingl,2,4-
trichlorobenzenewellinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldexperiencechangesintheiradrenalglands.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining 1,1,1-
trichloroethaneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceproblemswiththeirliver .nervous
system,orcirculatorysystem.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining 1 , 1 ,2-
trichloroethanewellinexcessoftheMCLovermany
yearscouldhaveproblemswiththeirliver.kidneys.or
immunesystems.
Soraepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
trichloroethyleneinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
couldexperienceproblemswiththeirliverandmayhave
anincreasedriskofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontaining
trihalomethanesinexcessoftheMCLovermanyyears
mayexperienceproblemswiththeirliver,kidneys,or
centralnervoussystems,andmayhaveanincreasedrisk
ofgettingcancer.
Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingtoluenewellin
excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldhaveproblems
withtheirnervoussystem,kidneys,orliver.
23
-------
Contaminant
(units)
traditional
MCLin
mg/L
to
convert
forCCR,
multiply
by
MCLin
CCR
units
MCLG
MajorSourcesin
DrinkingWater
HealthEffectsLanguage
I h' fr PVP ' ' -TT h Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingvinylchloride
VinylChloride(ppb) .002 1000 2 0 *• , • f ." ™ 8> 8 inexcessoftheMCLoverrnanyyearsmayhavean
increasedriSKOtgettingcancer.
_..,,. , c • Somepeoplewhodrinkwatercontainingxylenesin
v i / \ m m m Dischargefrompetroleumfactones: „, ,,„, .?
Xylenes(ppm) 10 - 10 10 rv u r u • i* » • excessoftheMCLovermanyyearscouldexpenence
Dischargefromchemicalractones , , .
damagetotheirnervoussystem.
24
-------
UnregulatedcontaminantsforwhichEPArequiresmonitoringinHl .40:
Note:InSeptemberl999JEPArevisedtheUnregulatedContammanMomtoringRule(UCMR)(64FR50556}asrequiredbythel996
AmendmentstoSDWAAsofJanuaryl,2001,systemsarenolongerrequiredtomonitorforthecontaminantsshownbelowtocompl
withUCMR.InformationontherevisedUCMRmonitoringlistisgivenonthefollowingpages.
Aldicarb Butachlor p-Chlorotoluene Dieldrin Propachlor
Aldicarbsulfone sec-Butylbenzene* Dibromomethane Fluorotrichloromethane* n-Propylbenzene*
Aldicarbsulfoxide n-Butylbenzene* Dicamba Hexachlorobutadiene* Sulfate
Aldrin tert-Butylbenzene* m-Dichlorobenzene 3-Hydroxycarbofuran 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Bromobenzene Carbaryl Dichlorodifluoromethane* Isopropylbenzene* 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Bromochloromethane* Chlorodibromomethane 1,1-Dichloroethane p-Isopropyltoluene* 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene*
Bromodichloromethane Chloroethane 2,2-Dichloropropane Methomyl 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Bromoform Chloroform 1,3-Dichloropropane Metolachlor 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene*
Bromomethane (methyl Chloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropene Metribuzin 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene*
bromide) o-Chlorotoluene 1,3-Dichloropropene Naphthalene*
[*regulationsdonotrequiremonitoringforthesecontaminantsinallstates]
ICRmicrobial Contaminants thatsuppliersmustreportintheCCRcontaminanttable(iffoundinfmishedwater)are:total
coliforms,fecalcoliformsor Escherichiacoli, G/arrf/a,andtotalculturablevimses.Reportc^/7^o5ponW/w»i,whetherfoundthroughICR
monitoringoranyothermonitor ingofraworfmishedwater,outsideofthetableaccordingtotheguidelinesin 141.153(e)(l).
ICRdisinfectionby-productS thatsuppliersmustreportintheCCR(iffoundinfinishedwater)are:
foralltreatmentplantsparticipatinginthelCRmonitoring:
~THM4:reporttrihalomethanes(chloroform,bromodicUoromethane,dibromochloromethane,andbromoform)asagroup
~HAA5:reporthaloaceticacids(mono-,di-,andtrichloroaceticacid,andmono-anddi-bromoaceticacid)asagroup
~HAN:reporthaloacetilenitriles('dichloro-,trichloro-,bromochloro-,anddibromoacetonitrile)asagroup
~HK:reporthaloketones( 1,1 -dichloropropanoneand 1,1,1 -trichloropropanone)asagroup
~CP(chloropicrin)
~CH(chloralhydrate)
~TOX(totalorganichalides)
~DisinfectantResidual
fortreatmentplantsusing: Chloramines CyanogenChloride
HypochloriteSolutions Chlorate
Ozone Bromate,Aldehydes
ChlorineDioxide ChlorineDioxideresidual,Chlorite,Chlorate,Bromate, Aldehydes
25
-------
RevisedUCMRMonitoringList
InSeptemberl999,EPArevisedtheUnregulatedContaminantMonitoringRule(UCMR)
(64FR50556)asrequiredbythel996AmendmentstoSDWA.Thedatageneratedbythenew
UCMRwillbeusedtoevaluateandprioritizecontaminantsontheDrinkingWaterContaminant
Candidate List, a list of contaminants that EPA is considering for possible new drinking water
standards.Thisdatawillhelptoensurethatfuturedecisionsondrinkingwaterstandardsarebased
onsoundscience.
TherevisedUCMRcontainsanewlistofcontaminantsforwhichpublicwatersystemsmust
monitor. The UCMR Monitoring List is composed of three separate lists based on analytical
methods readiness and current contaminant occurrence data. List 1 for Assessment Monitoring
includes twelve chemical contaminants for which analytical methods exist or will soon be
established.List2forScreeningSurveycontainscontaminantsforwhichanalyticalmethodsare
underdevelopmentandforwhichEPAhaslessoccurrencedatathanthecontaminantsonListl.
ListSforPre-ScreenTestingincludessevenmicroorganismsknowntohavehealtheffectsandone
inorganicchemical.WhiletheUCMRMonitoringListhas36contaminantsonit,theregulation
onlyrequiresmonitoringforthetwelvecontaminantsonList 1 ,beginningin2001. Therevised
UCMR Monitoring List, along with information about likely sources of those contaminants is
presentedonthenextpage.TheEPAwebsite( http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ucmr.htmncontains
additionalinformationontherevisedrule.
TheCCRRulerequiresasystemtoprovideintheirCCRtheaverageofanymonitoring
resultsfromtheyeaiandtherangeofiletectionsfoieachdetectedunregulatedcontarninantforwhich
monitoringisrequired. Systemsareencouragedtoincludeabriefexplanationofthereasonsfor
monitoringforunregulatedcontaminantsEPAprovidedthefollowinglanguageinSectionrVJtem
4ofthisguidance:
UnregulatedcontaminantsarethoseforwhichEPAhasnotestablisheddrinking
waterstandards.Thepurposeofunregulatedcontaminantmonitoringistoassist
EPAindeterminingtheoccurrenceofunregulatedcontaminantsindrinkingwater
andwhetherfutureregulationiswarranted.
EPAalsoencouragedsystemstoprovidemoreinformationonthepotentialhealtheffectsofthese
contaminantsiftheresultandicateahealthconcernEPAconsidersanydetectionaboveaproposed
MCLomealthadvisoryleveltoindicateconcern.TheEPASafeDrinkingWaterHotline(800-426-
4791) and EPA website ( http://www.epa.gov/safewater/hfacts.html') are resources for this
information.
26
-------
UsesandEnvironmentalSourcesofContaminantsforthe
Final(1999)UCMRMonitoringList**
Contaminant
Name
CASRN
UseorEnvironmentalSource
Listl-AssessmentMonitoringofContaminantswithAvailableMethods
2,4-dinitrotoluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
DCPAmono-acid
degradate
DCPAdi-acid
degradate
4,4'-DDE
EPIC
Molinate
MTBE
Nitrobenzene
Terbacil
Acetochlor
Perchlorate
121-14-2
606-20-2
887-54-7
2136-79-0
72-55-9
759-94-4
2212-67-1
1634-04-4
98-95-3
5902-51-2
34256-82-1
14797-73-0
Usedintheproductionofisocyanateandexplosives
Usedasamixturewith2,4-DNT(similaruses)
DegradationproductofDCPA.anherbicideusedongrasses
andweedswithfruitandvegetablecrops
DegradationproductofDCPA.anherbicideusedongrasses
andweedswithfruitandvegetablecrops
DegradationproductofDDT.ageneralinsecticide
Herbicideusedonannualgrasses.weeds.inpotatoesand
corn
Selectiveherbicideusedwithrice.controlswatergrass
Octaneenhancerinunleadedgasoline
Usedintheproductionofaniline.whichisusedtomake
dyes.herbicides.anddrugs
Herbicideusedwithsugarcane,alfalfa,andsomefruit,etc.
Herbicideusedwithcabbage,citrus,coffee,andcorncrops
Oxygenadditiveinsolidfuelpropellentforrockets.missiles,
andfireworks
List2-ScreeningSurveyofContaminantsProjectedtoHaveMethodsbyDateof
Programlmplementation
Diuron
Linuron
Prometon
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
2-methyl-phenol
AlachlorESA
330-54-1
330-55-2
1610-18-0
88-06-02
120-83-2
51-28-5
95-48-7
Degr
Herbicideusedongrassesinorchardsandwheatcrops
Herbicideusedwithcorn,soybean,cotton,andwheatcrops
Herbicideusedonannualandperennialweedsand
grasses.
By-productoffossilfuelburning,usedasbactericideand
woodgluepreservative
Chemicalintermediateinherbicideproduction
Releasedfrommines, metal, andpetroleumplants
Releasedinautomobileanddieselexhaust.coaltarand
petroleumrefining.andwoodpulping
adationproductofalachlor.anherbicideusedwith
corn,bean,peanut,andsoybeancropstocontrolgrasses
andweeds.
27
-------
UsesandEnvironmentalSourcesofContaminantsforthe
Final(1999)UCMRMonitoringl_ist**
Contaminant
Name
1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
Diazinon
Disulfoton
Fonofos
Terbufos
Aeromonas
Hydrophilia
Polonium-210
(Po-210)
RDX
CASRN
122-66-7
333-41-5
298-04-4
944-22-9
13071-79-9
N/A
13981-52-7
121-82-4
UseorEnvironmentalSource
Usedintheproductionofbenzidineandanti-inflammatory
drugs
lnsecticideusedwithrice,fruit,vineyards,andcorncrops
lnsecticideusedwithcereal,cotton,tobacco,andpotato
crops
Soilinsecticideusedonwormsandcentipedes
lnsecticideusedwithcorn,sugar,beet,andgrainsorghum
crops.
Presentinallfreshwaterandbrackishwater
Partoftheuraniumdecayseries.naturallyoccurring
Usedinexplosives.ammunitionplants
List3-Pre-ScreenTestingofContaminantsNeedingResearchonMethods
AlgaeandToxins
Echoviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Heliobacterpylori
Microsporidia
Caliciviruses
Adenoviruses
Lead-210(Pb-210)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14255-04-0
3loominsurfacewaterbodies;producetoxins
Fecalsources;handtomouthtransmission
Fecalsources;handtomouthtransmission
Fecalsources;handtomouthtransmission
Occurinrivers, ponds, lakes.andunfilteredwater
Contaminatedfoodandwater.rawshellfish
Fecalsources;handtomouthtransmission
Partoftheuraniumdecayseries.naturallyoccurring
TakerfromtheUnregulatedContaminanlMonitoringRule(UCMR)publishednthe
/?eg/sferonSeptember17,1999(64FR50556),pages50562-50564and50574.
Federal
28
-------
APPENDIX B-U.S. EPA's MINIMUM DETECTION LIMITS
Note :thesedetectionIimitsforyourinformation.TheyareU. S .EP A' sMinimumDetectionLimits,codifiedat40CFR 141.23-141.25.
Yourstatemayhavedifferentdetectionlimitsthattakeprecedence.Ifyouareuncertainabouttheinclusionofcertaindata, talktoyour
primacyagencySomecontaminants^uchasleadjCOpperyandlCRcontaminantsaren'tlistedbelowIfyoucan'tfmdacontam inantiisted
belowandyourlabanalysisprovidesadetectedvalueforthatcontaminants,reportitinyourCCR.Ifyou'reuncertain,alway sprovide
toomuchdataratherthantoolittle.
Contaminant
Method
Detection
limit(mg/l)
InorganicContaminants[40CFR141.23(a)(4)l
Antimony
Asbestos
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cyanide
Mercury
AtomicAbsorption;Furnace
AtomicAbsorption;Platform
ICP-MassSpectrometry
Hydride-AtomicAbsorption
TransmissionElectronMicroscopy
AtomicAbsorptionjfurnacetech
nique
AtomicAbsorptionjdirectaspira
tion
InductivelyCoupledPlasma
AtomicAbsorption;Furnace
AtomicAbsorption;Platform
InductivelyCoupledPlasma
ICP-MassSpectrometry
AtomicAbsorption;furnace
technique
InductivelyCoupledPlasma
AtomicAbsorptionjfurnacetech
nique
InductivelyCoupledPlasma
Distillation,Spectrophotometric
Distillation,Automated,Spectro
photometric
Distillation,SelectiveElectrode
Distillation,Amenable,Spectro
photometric
ManualColdVaporTechnique
AutomatedColdVaporTechnique
0.0003
0.0008
0.0004
0.001
0.01MFL
0.002
0.1
0.002(0.001)
0.0002
0.00002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.007(0.001)
0.02
0.005
0.05
0.02
0.0002
0.0002
Contaminant
Nickel
Nitrate
Nitrite
Selenium
Thallium
Method
AtomicAbsorptionjFurnace
AtomicAbsorption;Platform
InductivelyCoupledPlasma
ICP-MassSpectrometry
ManualCadmiumReduction
AutomatedHydrazineReduction
AutomatedCadmiumReduction
lonSelectiveElectrode
lonChromatography
Spectrophotometric
AutomatedCadmiumReduction
ManualCadmiumReduction
lonChromatography
AtomicAbsorption;furnace
AtomicAbsorptionjgaseoushy
dride
AtomicAbsorption;Furnace
AtomicAbsorption;Platform
ICP-MassSpectrometry
Detection
limit(mg/l)
0.001
0.0006
0.005
0.0005
0.01
0.01
0.05
1
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.0007
0.0003
VolatileOrganicContaminants [40CFR141.24(f)(7)]
Vinylchloride
Benzene
Carbontetrachloride
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
para-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2;551
502.0;524.2
502.2;524.2;551
502.0;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
29
-------
Contaminant
cis- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Ethylbenzene
Monochlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Xylenes(total)
Dichloromethane
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Method
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2;551
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
502.2;524.2
Detection
limit(mg/l)
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
• 0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
SyntheticOrganicContaminantsincIudingPesticidesandHerbicides[40
CFR141.24(h)(18)]
Alachlor
Aldicarb
Aldicarbsulfoxide
Aldicarbsulfone
Atrazine
Benzo(a)pyrene
Carbofuran
Chlordane
Dalapon
5057;507;525.2;508.1
531.1;6610
531.1;6610
531.1;6610
5057;507;525.2;508.1
525.2;550;550.1
531.1;6610
505;508;525.2;508.1
552.1;515.1
0.0002
0.0005
0.0005
0.0008
0.0001
0.00002
0.0009
0.0002
0.001
l,2-Dibromo-3-
chloropropane(DBCP)
504.1;551
0.00002
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dinoseb
Diquat
2,4-D
Endothall
506;525.2
506;525.2
515.2;555;515.1
549.1
515.2;555;515.1
548.1
0.0006
0.0006
0.0002
0.0004
0.0001
0.009
Ethylenedibromide
Glyphosate
Heptachlor
Heptachlorepoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Oxamyl
Picloram
Polychlorinatedbiphenyls
(PCBs)8(as
decachlorophenyl)
Pentachlorophenol
Simazine
Toxaphene
2,3,7,8-TCDD(Dioxin)
2,4,5-TP(Silvex)
504.1;551
547;6651
505;508;525.2;508.1
505;508;525.2;508.1
505;508;525.2;508.1
505;525.2;508;508.1
505;508;525.2;508.1
505;508;525.2;508.1
531.1;6610
515.2;555;515.1
508A
515.2;525.2;555;515.1
5057;507;525.2;508.1
505;508;525.2
1613
515.2;555;515.1
0.00001
0.006
0.00004
0.00002
0.0001
0.0001
0.00002
0.0001
0.002
0.0001
0.0001
0.00004
0.00007
0.001
0.000000005
0.0002
RadioactiveContaminants|40CFR141.25)
Tritium
Stontium-90
Strontium-89
Iodine-131
Cesium- 134
Grossbeta
Otherradionuclides
LiquidScintillation
Radio-chemical
Radio-chemical
Radio-chemical
Radio-chemical;gammaray
spectrometry
Evaporation
l,OOOpCi/l
10pCi/l
2pCi/l
IpCi/l
10pCi/l
4pCi/l
l/10ofthe
applicablelimit
Endrin
505;508;525.2;508.1
0.00001
30
-------
APPENDIX C-INTERPRETING MONITORING DATA
Isamplingsite/lsamplingdate:
March 1998-.003
multiplesamplingsites/lsamplingdate:
Barium
Febl998
welll
wel!2
0.60
0.46
welB
n/d
Isamplingsite/multiplesamplingdates:
Atrazine
welll
1 "quarter
1998
0.8
ReportinTalble:aterage^lig/i3^pran^;0.853.8^
2ndquarter
1998
3.8
i
3rdquarter
1998
2.1
4'hquarter
1998
0.9
multiplesamplingsites/multiplesamplingdates:
totaltrihalomethanes
site#l
site#2
site#3
site#4
quarterlyaverage
rollingannualaverage
2ndquarter
1997
-
-
-
-
55
-
3rdquarter
1997
-
-
-
-
125
-
4'hquarter
1997
-
-
-
-
65
-
1 "quarter
1998
45
1
45
50
45
73
2"dquarter
1998
60
55
60
65
60
@
3rdquarter
1998
125
115
105
s
120
73
4lhquarter
1998
70
60
70
80
70
74
r"" ""••-- — i - - - j.. i _,.._.__-___| ,., ,„.„ „„,—,.—.
|ReportinTable:Mghestamiualaverage:74AIslI>range40-135. |
Notes: — Thelast3quartersofthe 1997areshownbecauseyouneedthemtocomputetherollingannual
average.Therangewouldincludeonlydetectiondatafroml998,unlessoneofthevaluesfromthe
previousyearwassoextraordinarythatconsumerswouldneedittounderstandthereportedannual
average.
~Ifyourrollingannualaverageexceeds80(therevisedMCLeffectivein2001),yourreportmust
includethehealtheffectslanguageforTTHMs,eventhoughyoursystemwasnottechnicallyin
violationyet.
31
-------
Lead:
"^\^
July 1998
sitel
n/d
site2
n/d
site3
8
site4
12 .
iiteS s
19
ite6 si
3
:e7 sit
n/d
lReportmTable:90* r-percentile=19AND#ofsitesabo,veactionlevel(15)=2
:8 sit«
n/d
9 sitel
4
0
22
Notes:- Iiyoursystemtakes20onnoresamplesandmorethan5%(anduptoandincluding 10%)
of the samples are above the action level, you must include the educational language
providedonpage 10.
- Parametricdatathatyoucollectinassociationwiththisruleshouldnotbeincludedinthe
report.
Turbidity:
WhenreportingturbidityasanindicatororFiltrationperformance,systemsmustreportthehighest
singlemeasurementandthelowestmonthlypercentageofsamplesmeetingtherequirementsspecifiedfor
thartechnology.Inthissituation,youmaywanttoreportthedatain2rowsoryourtableasfollows:
Turbidity
MCL
TT=5NTU
TT=percentageof
samples<0.5NTU
MCLG
0
level
found
1NTU
96%
range
n/a
n/a
sample
date
violation
typicalsource
soilrunoff
32
-------
APPENDIX D-CERTIFICATION FORM (suggested format)
CWSname:
PWSLD.no:
Thecommunitywateisysteirmamedaboveherebjconfirmsthatitsconsumeiconfidencereporflias
beendistributedtocustomers(andappropriatenoticesoiavailabilit>iiavebeengiven)Further,the
system certifies that the information contained in the report is correct and consistent with the
compliancemonitoringdatapreviouslysubmittedtotheprimacyagency.
Certifiedby: Name
Title
Phone# Date
* * * YouarenotrequiredbyEPArulestoreportthefollowinginformation,
biityoumaywanttoprovideittoyourstate.Checkallitemsthatapply. * * *
_CCRwasdistributedbymailorotherdirectdelivery.Specifyotherdirectdelivery
methods: '
_"Goodfaith"effortswereusedtoreachnon-billpayingconsumers.Thoseefforts
includedthefollowingmethodsasrecommendedbytheprimacyagency:
postingtheCCRonthelnternetatwww.
_mailingtheCCRtopostalpatronswithintheservicearea.(attachzipcodesused)
_advertisingavailabilityoftheCCRinnewsmedia(attachcopyofannouncement)
publicationofCCRinlocalnewspaper(attachcopy)
_postingtheCCRinpublicplaces(attachalistoflocations)
deliveryofmultiplecopiestosinglebilladdressesservingseveralpersonssuch
as:apartments,businesses,andlargeprivateemployers
deliverytocommunityorganizations(attachalist)
_(forsystemsservingatleastlOO,OOOpersons)PostedCCRonapublicly-accessible
Internetsiteattheaddress: www. .
_DeliveredCCRtootheragenciesasrequiredbytheprimacyagency(attachalist)
33
-------
APPENDIX E-EXAMPLES OF CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
EPAisprovidingthefollowingconsumerconfidencereportsasexamplesof
reportformatliprovidingthesereports^PAisnotendorsingtheviewsnogudging
the accuracy of the information contained in the reports. These examples do not
necessarilymeetallcurrentfederalandstateCCRrequirements.Besuretocheck
with your state drinking water program since your state may have different
requirementsfromthoseunderwhichthesereportswerecreated.
ThefirstreportisahypotheticalexamplecreatedbyEPA.
ThesecondreportisprovidedcourtesyofSERCOLabs,StPaul,MN.
ThethirdreportisprovidedcourtesyofDesMoinesWaterWorks,Des
MoinesJA.
34
-------
Sampletown Water Quality Report - 1999
Last year, we conducted more than 500 tests
for over 80 drinking water contaminants. We only
detected 7 contaminants, and found onlyatrazine at a
level higher than the state allows. As we told you in a
letter at the time, our water was temporarily unsafe. For
more information, see the paragraph on the back
marked Violation. This brochure is a snapshot of the
quality of the water that we provided last year. Included
are details about where your water comes from, what it
contains, and how it compares to Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and state standards. We are
committed to providing you with information because
informed customers are our best allies. For more
information about your water, call 867-5309 and ask for
Joe Sampson.
Some people may be more vulnerable to
contaminants in drinking water than the general
population. Immuno-compromised persons such as
persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons
who have undergone organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some
elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from
infections. These people should seek advice about
drinking water from their health care providers.
EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen
the risk of infection by Crypfosporidium and other
microbial contaminants are available from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Your water comes from three municipal
wells sunk about 500 feet into an underground source
of water called the Low Plain Aquifer. These wells are
located west of town behind the municipal garage. The
town owns the land around these wells and restricts any
activity that could contaminate them. After the water
comes out of the wells, we treat it to remove several
contaminants and we also add disinfectant to protect
you against microbial contaminants. The state is
performing an assessment of our source water that it
complete by January 2001. We will report the results to
you and tell you how to get a copy of the report when it
is available.
Our Water Board meets on the first Tuesday of
each month at 7:30 pm in the Town Hall. Please feel
free to participate in these meetings.
Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts
of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants
does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health
risk More information about contaminants and potential
health effects can be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds,
reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves
naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases, radio-
active material, and can pick up substances resulting
from the presence of animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water before we treat it include:
Microbia/contaff/inafify such as viruses and bacteria,
which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic
systems, agricultural livestock operations and wildlife.
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which
can be naturally-occurring or result from urban
stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater
discharges, oil and gas production, mining or farming.
Pesticides andfarbicides, which may come from a variety
of sources such as agriculture and residential uses.
Radioactive contaff/inants, which are naturally occurring.
Organic ctiemica/coft/aminants, including synthetic and
volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial processes and petroleum production, and can
also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff,
and septic systems.
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to
drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the
amount of certain contaminants in water provided by
public water systems. We treat our water according to
EPA's regulations. Food and Drug Administration
regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled
water which must provide the same protection for
public health.
-------
WATERQUALITYDATA
The table below lists all the drinking water contaminants that we detected during the 1998 calendar year. The
presence of these contaminants in the water does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk Unless
otherwise noted, the data presented in this table is from testing done January 1-December 31, 1998. The state
requires us to monitor for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these
contaminants are not expected to vary significantly from year to year. Some of the data, though representative of the
water quality, is more than one year old.
Terms & abbreviations used below:
• Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MQLG): the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
• Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
• Action Level (AL): the concentration of a contaminant which, when exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water system must follow.
• n/a: not applicable • nd: not detectable at testing limit • ppb: parts per billion or micrograms per liter • ppm:
parts per million or milligrams per liter • pCi/1: picocuries per liter (a measure of radiation)
~»?*~y;>*-~ ~r"v~ —- y —~ - "-
'' ' ' s
InorganicContaminants
»'.«f>i ttf.i ^
, MCL ;MCLG
Sampletown Rangeof
water
detections
Sample
Date
Violatio
n
_ . ,_ ._ . ^. .
TypicalSourceofContammant
Fluoride(ppm) 2*
Nitrateasnitrogen(ppm) 10
, OrganicChemicalContaminants
Atrazine(ppb) 3
TotalTrihalomethanes
(TTHMs)(ppb)
lnn
10
'j
3
n/a
, Radionuclides ;, 45,''' .',' "<• •
Beta/photonemitters(pCi/L) 50"
Lead' - '"''"'^ '''
' _ ^ ^^-^ imi
Lead(ppb)
j DnregulatedContaminants
Chloromethane(ppb)
0.98
6
3.275
73
•' V, ' ~$
-
nd-9
.1-10
40-135
f^^T :-,
wateradditivewhichpromotesstrongteeth
runofffromfertilizeruse
<^, , , * ' r*'' ^** ' ^ > ' , ' '
YES runofffromherbicideusedonrowcrops
by-productofdrinkingwaterchlorination
^^ ;JW^'''": ••' '"' '~*rrT •''•''. • '"- ' '1
10
erosionofnaturaldeposits
S^P'foWW' "^ofsitesfounaabovethelllSD&r
water ~>, * * ,
15
notregulated
0.205
0.07
1 siteaboveALoutof20sites
sampled
May 1995
corrosionofhouseholdplumbingsystems
EPAregulationsrequireustomonitorthis
contaminantwhileEPAconsiderssettingalimiton
it.
* EPA's MCL for fluoride is 4 ppm. However, our state has set a lower MCL to better protect human health.
* The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA considers 50 pCi/1 to be the level of concern for beta particles.
About out Atrazine violation: - During March, April and May, a big surge ifr-'tiie use of atrazine-based
herbicides by area farmers caused our water to exceed the MCL for-,atrazine. We sent a.notice warning you of
this problem when it occurred. We are working with the state and local farmers to ensure that this never
happens again, and we are monitoring atrazine levels monthly; We regret exposing you to any potential risk
You should know that some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. If you want more
information about barium or the violation, please call us (867-5309), Sample County's health department (423-
4444), or the state drinking water office (853-323-3333).
About Nitrate: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of
age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short
periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice
from your health care provider.
Is out water system meeting other rules that govern our operations? The state and EPA require us to test our
water on a regular basis to ensure its safety. In February and May of this year, we took the samples at the required
time but failed to submit the results of this monitoring to the state in a timely manner. We are reviewing our
procedures to ensure that this paperwork will be submitted in a timely manner in the future.
------- |