EPA Region VIII Guide to the Development
of an Industrial Pretreatment Program:
The Rapid City, South Dakota Approach
March 1983
.*"*
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
, REGION VIII
PRO1*" ,
1860 LINCOLN STREET
DENVER, COLORADO 80295-0699
March 1, 1983
The Region VIII Office of the Environmental Protection Agency recognized
an immediate need for a guidance document to clearly demonstrate the
responsibilities of a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) in meeting the
General Pretreatment Program requirements. The Pretreatment Program
-Regulations provide a great deal of latitude in the management structure that
a POTW may choose for implementation of its program. However, rather than
prepare a cumbersome, possibly overly comprehensive, hypothetical model
examining all conceivable pretreatment issues, the Region felt that the
presentation of a practical application of the program principals and criteria
could more easily be translated and utilized by POTWs undergoing their own
pretreatment program developmental processes.
* - - '
We are pleased to present the following document, based on an actual
program application, as an aid to developing an Industrial Pretreatment
Program. In order to be readable and concise, the document contains very
minimal text and background information and examines only a limited number of
possible alternative program designs. Checklists included with this document
are extremely valuable in insuring that the fundamental elements of the
Pretreatment Program are addressed yet provide flexibiltiy.for the POTW to
integrate its own management scheme with the program to be undertaken.
Questions with regard'to the Pretreatment Program requirements should be
addressed to the Compliance Branch of the Water Management Division, telephone
(303) 837^4901.
Max H. Dodson, Director
Water Management Division
EPA, Region VIII
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EPA REGION VIII GUIDE TO THE DEVELOPMENT
OF AN INDUSTRIAL PRETREATMENT PROGRAM:
THE RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA APPROACH
March, 1983
Prepared for:
Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
Prepared by:
Rapid City Wastewater Department
Rapid City, South Dakota
and
JRB Associates
8400 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22102
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PREFACE
This document is intended to provide guidance information on developing
local pretreatment programs to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) located
in Region VIII of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The document
will serve both POTWs which are required to develop a pretreatment program
under their NPDES permit and POTWs which wish to establish, on their own, a
functional regulatory approach to the control of industrial users of their
sewage collection and treatment systems.
The document includes general guidance on developing a pretreatment pro-
gram and incorporates the actual pretreatment program submission for Rapid
City, South Dakota to serve as a model program.
Rapid City was selected by Region VIII for receiving JRB's assistance and
as an example for this guidance document after consideration of several pos-
sible POTW candidates. Rapid City's size, modest number of industrial users
(typical of POTWs in the Region), and willingness to extend their fullest
cooperation to EPA on this project were among the reasons for the City's
selection. We express our gratitude and appreciation for the City staff's
efforts on this project.
The document was prepared by JRB Associates, a private consulting firm in
McLean, Virginia, for EPA Region VIII under an EPA contract. JRB assisted
Rapid City, South Dakota, in the development and preparation of its Pretreat-
ment Program contained herein.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID CITY'S PRETREATMENT PROGRAM i
1. INTRODUCTION l-l
2. RAPID CITY'S POTW 2-1
2.1 BACKGROUND 2-1
2.2 OPERATING DATA 2-1
2.3 OPERATING PROBLEMS 2-6
2.4 SLUDGE MANAGEMENT 2-6
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY 3-1
3.1 BACKGROUND 3-1
3.2 IDENTIFY AND LOCATE INDUSTRIAL USERS (lUs) 3-3
3.3 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 3-4
3.4 UPDATE INDUSTRIAL SURVEY 3-9
-4". LEGAL AUTHORITY 4-1
5. PROGRAM PROCEDURES 5-1
5.1 PERMITTING PROCESS 5-1
5.2 NOTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS TO INDUSTRIAL USERS 5-3
5.3 INDUSTRY SELF-MONITORING REPORTS AND OTHER NOTICES 5-4
5.4 MONITORING AND INSPECTION ACTIVITIES 5-5
5.5 INVESTIGATE NONCOMPLIANCE 5-10
5.6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 5-13
6. ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING 6-1
6.1 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT 6-1
6.2 PROGRAM COSTS AND FUNDING SOURCES 6-3
APPENDICES
Appendix A - INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Appendix B - RAPID CITY RESTAURANTS AND GAS STATIONS
Appendix C - LEGAL AUTHORITY SUPPLEMENTS
Exhibit I City Attorney's Statement
Exhibit II Program Endorsement by the Common Council
Exhibit III Rapid City Code, Chapter 30
Exhibit IV Sewer Service Agreement
Exhibit V Industrial Waste Permit
Appendix D - PRIORITY POLLUTANTS AND CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY INFORMATION
Appendix E - DEVELOPMENT OF DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS TO CONTROL
INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES PAGE
Table 2.1 RAPID CITY EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS 2-3
Table 2.2 METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN RAPID CITY WASTEWATER INFLUENT 2-5
Table 2.3 AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN TYPICAL POTW INFLUENTS 2-5
Table 2.4 SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION TO LAND 2-8
Table 2.5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEWAGE SLUDGES 2-9
Table 2.6 MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF METAL SUGGESTED FOR AGRICULTURAL SOILS
TREATED WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE 2-9
Table 2.7 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOILS FOR RAPID CITY 2-11
Table 2.8 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN CROPS GROWN ON
SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL FOR RAPID CITY 2-11
Table 2.9 METAL CONTENT OF COMMON SOILS AND CROPS 2-12
Table 3.1 SPECIFIC LIMITATIONS CONTAINED IN THE RAPID CITY ORDINANCE 3-1
Table 3.2 INDUSTRIAL USERS EXCLUDED FROM PRETREATMENT PROGRAM -
CLASS III 3-5
Table 3.3 CLASS I INDUSTRIES AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 3-6
Table 3.4 CLASS II INDUSTRIES 3-7
Table 5.1 BOTTLE PREPARATION 5-7
Table 5.2 COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE INSPECTION/MONITORING PROGRAM
FOR RAPID CITY AND ASSOCIATED DISTRICTS 5-8
Table 6.1 OPERATING COSTS FOR PRETREATMENT PROGRAM 6-4
FIGURE
Figure 2.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA 2-2
Figure 2.2 PLOTS OF LAND USED FOR SLUDGE APPLICATION 2-7
Figure 5.1 PERMITTING PROCESS FOR RAPID CITY PRETREATMENT PROGRAM 5-2
Figure 5.2 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR NONCOMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT PROCESS 5-12
Figure 6.1 ORGANIZATION FOR RAPID CITY'S PRETREATMENT PROGRAM 6-2
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID CITY'S PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
The Rapid City pretreatment program was jointly developed by the City's
Wastewater Department and JRB Associates. The program is designed to be
comprehensive, understandable, and workable for the City. To correspond with
the regulatory intent of 40 CFR 403 requirements, program development was
divided into five major tasks:
1. Evaluate POTW characteristics and problems
2. Identify industrial users and characterize their wastewater
discharges
3. Design and adopt legal authority necessary to implement and enforce
the program
4. Develop procedures to ensure compliance with program requirements
5. Demonstrate sufficient personnel, equipment, and funding to carry out
the program.
Rapid City and JRB Associates worked together closely to accomplish the
first two tasksanalyzing POTW operations and conducting the industrial waste
survey. The City distributed the survey questionnaire and reviewed all res-
ponses and relevant records. In addition, the Wastewater Department monitored
the POTW influent and effluent along with industrial discharges. To assure
complete results, follow-up activities were undertaken and analyses and
questionnaires were repeated when necessary.
JRB assisted the City in completing Task 3 by reviewing the Rapid City
code and suggesting amendments so that,the code would conform to Section
403.8(f) requirements. These amendments were subsequently adopted by the City
Council.
The administrative procedures to implement the program (Task 4) were
designed by the City and JRB to be practical and compatible with the Waste-
water Department's daily operations. These procedures were also designed with
sufficient flexibility to be modified (if needed) once the program was
underway.
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Based on the procedures determined by the Wastewater Department, the
levels of staffing and funding for the program were projected (Task 5).
Program costs were weighed against the sewer budget to determine if sufficient
revenues were available to administer the program. Since Rapid City was
already conducting many pretreatment activities, the Department anticipated
that no additional personnel or funds would be required to operate the
program.
The remainder of the Introduction provides guidance to POTWs in devel-
oping their own pretreatment programs, using the Rapid City program as a
model. The four basic components of a pretreatment program (representing a
consolidation of the five major tasks indicated above) are discussed in
general terms followed by checklists which identify the required elements
within each component. Additionally, the relevant section of the Rapid City
report is referenced as an example of the component being discussed. In this
way, Rapid City's program can serve as a workbook to assist other municipal-
ities preparing pretreatment programs. The actual submission for Rapid City
is comprised of Section 1 through 6 and Appendixes A, B and C of this report.
Each pretreatment program consists of four basic components:
1. Legal authority (see Chapter 4)
2. Technical information (including industrial wastes, survey, and POTW
information) (see Chapters 2 and 3)
3. Program procedures (see Chapter 5)
4. Organization staffing, equipment, and funding (see Chapter 6).
The following subsections outline what is required by Federal regulation to be
covered in each component.
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LEGAL AUTHORITY
The ability to develop and implement a successful pretreatment program
depends upon the existence of an adequate legal base. The local authority
must be adequate to 1) assure that industrial users comply with Federal
pretreatment standards, 2) to protect the POTWs investment in the treatment
plant, 3) to protect the beneficial uses of the waters into which the treat-
ment plant discharges, and 4) to protect the health and welfare of the local
citizens. The legal authorities needed to implement a pretreatment program
are listed in 40 CFR 403.8(f)(l). In summary, a POTW must be able to:
Deny or condition new or increased contributions of pollutants or
changes in the nature of the pollutants discharged to the POTW
Require compliance with applicable pretreatment standards and require-
ments by industrial users
Control, through permit, contract, or other means, the contribution to
the POTW by each industrial user
Require the development of a compliance schedule by each industrial
user and the submission of all notices and self-monitoring reports as
necessary to assure compliance
Carry out all inspection, surveillance, and monitoring procedures to
determine compliance, independent of information supplied by the
industrial user
Obtain remedies for noncompliance, including the ability to seek
injunctive relief, seek civil or criminal penalties, and/or collect
liquidated damages
Comply with the confidentiality requirements and limitations on data
restrictions specified in 40 CFR 403.14.
To document these authorities, the POTW must submit a statement from the city
attorney or comparable official that indicates that the POTW has the authority
to carry out a pretreatment program. The statement should:
1. Identify the provision of the legal authority under section 403.8(f)
(1) which provides a basis for each procedure under section 403.8(f)
(2),
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2. Identify the manner in which the POTW will implement the program
requirements set forth in section 403.8, including the means by which
pretreatment standards will be applied to individual industrial users
(e.g., by order, permit, ordinance, contract, etc.),
3. Identify how the POTW intends to ensure compliance with pretreatment
standards and requirements and to enforce them in the event of non-
compliance by industrial users.
Exhibit I of Appendix C of this report contains the City Attorney of Rapid
City's legal statement.
In addition, the program submission should include copies of all perti-
nent statutes, ordinances, and related material affecting the program's legal
status. Copies of the supporting legal documents for Rapid City are contained
in Appendix C. Table 1 presents a legal authority checklist that itemizes the
elements necessary for a thorough and adequate legal authority. By completing
this checklist, the POTW can ensure that its submission contains the required
legal statements and ordinance provisions.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
A sound technical information base is necessary to develop and implement
a successful pretreatment program. The information available to a POTW will,
of course, increase and improve in accuracy with time once a pretreatment
program is underway. Nonetheless, the pretreatment program submission must
contain sufficient, valid technical information to demonstrate that:
All industries (and the pollutants they discharge) that might adverse-
ly impact the collection system or treatment works have been identi-
fied
The pretreatment program (particularly program procedures) is designed
properly to handle the number and type of industrial users
The local effluent limits are adequate to protect the POTW and allow
compliance with its permit.
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TABLE 1.
Legal Authority Checklist
Yes
No
Section
of POTW's
Submission
PART I. Submission Completeness Checklist (Legal Aspects)
A. 40 CFR 403. 9(b) requirements for submission:
(1) Does the submission contain a statement from the
city solicitor, POTW attorney, or other official?
(2) Does the submission contain a copy of every legal
authority source cited in the attorney's letter or
necessary for program implementation? [e.g.,
ordinances, contracts, status, joint agreements,
permits, regulations, etc.]
(3) Does the submission contain statements of commitment
from all local boards/bodies responsible for
supervising/funding the pretreatment program?
*(4) If any of the legal authorities cited are vested in
a particular official's discretion, is there a
statement of endorsement from such official?
B. 40 CFR 403.9(b)(l) requirements for attorney's letter:
(1) Does the letter identify the provision of legal
authority for each requirement under 403.8(f)(2)?
(2) Does the letter identify the manner in which 403.8
program requirements will be implemented?
(3) Does the letter identify how the POTW intends to
ensure compliance?
C. Does the POTW service area include more than one agency,
jurisdiction, government, or body? [If yes, legal
authorities must be present and adequate in each
jurisdiction - use separate Part II forms for each
jurisdiction.] (Note that all four checklists must also
be evaluated for multijurisdictional issues.)
PART II. Legal Adequacy [403. 8(f )(!)]
Does the POTW have the authority to:
A. Deny or condition new or increased contributions of
pollutants? [403.8(f)(l)(i)]
B. Require compliance with applicable Pretreatment
Standards? [403.
General Prohibitions: pass through, inter-
ference [403. 5(a)]
Specific prohibitions [403. 5(b)]:
- fire/explosive hazard?
- pH/ corrosion?
*Indicates item is recommended, but not mandatory.
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TABLE 1.
Legal Authority Checklist (Continued)
Section
of POTW's
Yes No Submission
- solid or viscous - obstruction/interference?
- flow rate or concentration to cause interference?
- heat - treatment plant influent 40°C (104°F)?
Locally developed limits? [403. 5(c) and (d)]
National Categorical Standards? [403.6 and
C. Control through permit, contract, etc. to ensure
compliance? [403.
D. (1) Require development of compliance schedules for
installation of technology? [403.12(b)(7) and (c)]
(2) Require submission of notices and self -monitoring
reports including 403.12 requirements (baseline
report , compliance schedule progress report , report
on final compliance with categorical pretreatment
standards , periodic reports on continued compliance ,
notice of slug loading)?
E. Carry out inspection, surveillance, and monitoring
procedures: [403. 8(f )(l)(v) ]
Right to enter premises?
Right to inspect generally for compliance?
Right to sample?
Right to set up and use monitoring equipment?
Right to inspect and copy records per [403.12(n)]?
F. (1) Obtain remedies for noncompliance :
[403.8(f)(l)(vi)
Injunctive relief?
Are the civil or criminal penalties sufficient
to bring about compliance or act as a deterrent?
(2) Authority to immediately and effectively halt or
prevent any discharge? [403. 8(f )( l)(vi)]
G. Comply with confidentiality requirements? [403.14]
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Industrial Waste Survey
The Industrial Waste Survey (IWS) is the method by which a POTW gathers
relevant data and information on its industrial users. A checklist (Table 2)
is provided to assist the reader in determining the completeness and adequacy
of this submission. Section 3 outlines how Rapid City conducted its IWS.
Regulation 40 CFR 403.8(f)(2) requires a POTW to identify and locate all
possible industrial users that might be subject to the pretreatment program
and to identify the volume and character of pollutants discharged to the
treatment plant. The objective of these requirements is to ensure that the
pretreatment program includes those industries with discharges that might
cause pass-through, interference, or sludge contamination problems. The
pretreatment program submission must demonstrate that these requirements have
been met. The suggested method employed to gather the required information
involves the following steps:
Develop a list of potential industrial users
Eliminate industrial users that are not a problem
Survey those that remain to gather pertinent data
Follow up as necessary to ensure response
Compile and evaluate information collected.
1. Adequacy of the Survey Master List
The pretreatment program submission must include a master list of all
industrial users who discharge to the treatment plant. The sources used in
developing this list should also be documented, such as:
Water use and billing records
Sewer connection permits
Business license records
Chamber of Commerce rosters
Telephone directory
Dun's Market Identifiers
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TABLE 2.
Technical Information Checklist
Section
of POTW's
Yes No Submission
I. Industrial Waste Survey [403.8(f)(2)(i) and (ii)]
A. Were the sources used sufficient to assure that all
major industrial users were identified and located?
B. Were the criteria used to eliminate industries
from the inventory appropriate?
C. Survey Questionnaire:
(1) Did the POTW obtain the following information
(either through the survey or other means):
Name?
Address?
SIC code(s) or expected classification?
Wastewater flow rate or water consumption
rate?
Loads and/or concentrations of pollutants
in discharge?
Major products manufactured or services
supplied?
* Residuals generated by lU's disposal methods?
* Locations of discharge points?
Description of existing pretreatment
facilities and practices?
(2) Is the information current within the last
3 years?
*(3) Does the questionnaire require the signature
of an authorized company representative?
D. Follow-Up Procedures
(1) Did the POTW follow up the questionnaire (with
additional written requests, telephone calls,
or site visits) to obtain a complete and
accurate response?
E. Summary Information
(1) Were the users classified by industrial category
and/or SIC code?
(2) Has the POTW correctly characterized the waste
discharged from each industrial user or
industrial type? (Refer to Appendix D
for comparison).
(3) Does the information obtained demonstrate
sufficient characterization of the lU's waste
discharges to the POTW?
*Indicates item is recommended but not mandatory
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Property tax records
Other standard listings of industrial firms.
Lists based on current water use, sewer permits, and license records are
usually very complete and can be easily adapted for use as a master list.
Since the sources above may include industries of no concern, the POTW
will need to establish criteria for eliminating industries from the list.
These criteria should be documented in the pretreatment program submission.
Valid criteria for exclusion include such situations as:
A known dry operation
A direct discharger
An industry known to discharge only conventional or compatible pollu-
tants at levels that will not harm the treatment plant.
2. Thoroughness of Survey Questionnaire
The POTW must gather discharge information from those industries on the
master list. The submission should provide the date and the manner in which
the information was gathered, such as:
Questionnaire mailed to industries
Telephone calls
Visit to industries
Information already on file at POTW.
Independent of how it was collected, the information should be as current as
possible, and preferably no more than 3 years old.
A small POTW, with very few industries, may use the telephone or site
visits to survey its industries. This approach, however, is usually not
feasible for a larger system with many industrial users. The majority of such
POTWs will use an industrial waste survey questionnaire to gather information.
A copy of the questionnaire should be included in the submission, although
this is not a required item.
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The program submission should describe the information requested from
industrial users, whether by questionnaire, phone call, or visit. At a
minimum, the following must be requested:
Name
Address
SIC code(s) or expected classification
Wastewater flow (or water consumption rate if not known)
Loads and concentrations of pollutants in discharge
Major products manufactured or services supplied if constituents are
not known
Description of existing on-site pretreatment facilities and practices.
Although not required, it is recommended that the following information also
be requested:
Locations of discharge points
Raw materials used or stored at the site
Flow diagram or sewer map for the industry
Description of current wastewater treatment practices
Number of employees
Operation and production schedules.
A POTW with an existing pretreatment program may have already acquired the
information normally gathered by a survey. If the information is current and
includes both industrial classifications and the quantification of pollutants,
an additional survey is not needed.
3. Response to Survey
The submission should describe the comprehensiveness of the survey by
including the number and percentage of industrial users that responded. It
should also include a detailed description of follow-up procedures (such as
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letters of reminder, telephone calls and/or site visits) used to obtain infor-
mation from industries that were reluctant to respond or returned incomplete
responses. While there are no hard and fast rules, a response rate of less
than 80 percent would most likely not be adequate to structure an effective
program. At such a low rate, there could be little confidence in scaling
results upward since a major class or classes of dischargers might be missed
or inappropriately represented.
4. Completeness of Summary Information
Unless the State or EPA specifically requests the inclusion of all res-
ponses to the Industrial Waste Survey, it is not necessary that they be in-
cluded in the submission package. It is usually more valuable to have the re-
sults of the survey presented in a summary form. Results should be tabulated
in a format that contains the number of industries in specific SIC categories
and the quantities of specific pollutants entering the POTW system. Appendix D
provides the reader with information concerning the 34 categorical industries.
D-l indicates which pollutants are commonly discharged from each category of
industries. D-2 is a listing of SIC codes for industries that will be
affected by the standards.
Local Discharge Limitations
The major steps toward establishing local effluent limitations include
the following:
Identification of industrial pollutants entering the treatment system
Identification of past POTW operating problems
Sampling and analysis to determine fate and effect
Development of numerical limitations.
A method for establishing local effluent limitations is described in Appendix
E. Rapid City was not required to develop local limits and therefore there is
not a model section in the Rapid City submission.
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40 CFR 403.5(c) requires the POTW to develop and enforce specific
limitations to ensure that:
Pollutants discharged by industrial users do not pass through or
interfere with the operation and performance of the treatment plant
Prohibited discharges (i.e., heat, explosive/fire hazards, corrosive
agents, etc.) are avoided.
Specific effluent limits must not be developed and enforced without providing
individual notice and an opportunity to respond to any affected party that
requests such notification.
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES
Thorough and complete program implementation procedures are a necessary
component of a pretreatment program. The minimum procedures that must be
documented in the pretreatment program submission are spelled out in 40 CFR
403.8(f)(2). A POTW must be able to:
Identify and locate industrial users subject to discharge controls
Identify the character and volume of pollutants discharged to the
treatment works
Notify industrial users of applicable standards and requirements
Receive and analyze self-monitoring reports and other notices from
industrial users subject to national categorical standards
Randomly sample and analyze industrial effluents and conduct surveil-
lance and inspection activities to identify instances of noncompliance
Investigate instances of noncompliance
Provide for public participation, and, at least annually, publish in
the largest local newspaper a list of industrial users who were
significantly violating applicable pretreatment standards and
requirements.
The procedures adopted by a POTW should be well thought out and easy to under-
stand. They should also be clear enough to be followed easily by all users,
the public, and POTW staff members. Finally, the procedures should be flex-
ible enough to allow reaction to day-to-day operating situations.
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The first two requirements have been covered above in the discussion of
the industrial waste survey, thus, this subsection will focus only on updating
the IWS and on the remaining five procedural requirements. As in earlier sub-
sections, a checklist (Table 3) is provided at the end to aid in reviewing the
procedural aspects of the program submission. Section 5 of Rapid City's pro-
gram describes how the City carries out its administrative procedures, includ-
ing permitting, notifying industries of applicable standards, determining com-
pliance, monitoring and inspecting, and encouraging public participation.
Updating the Industrial Waste Survey
The industrial waste survey conducted during the development phase of the
local pretreatment program provides the information needed to determine sam-
pling, monitoring, reporting, and compliance requirements. To adequately
implement a local pretreatment program, this information has to be updated on
a regular basis. Recent data are essential in scheduling pretreatment activ-
ities and allocating resources to meet changing program needs. The frequency
of update should be compatible with the size and industrial complexity of the
community. For larger POTWs in growing communities, the survey may need to be
updated almost continuously, and certainly at least on an annual basis. For
smaller POTWs comprehensive updating every 2 to 3 years may be sufficient.
Rapid City's approach to this procedure is described in Section 4.4.
The submission should include procedures that allow the local pretreat-
ment program to identify and gather information on new industries moving into
the POTW service area. Such information should include SIC codes, a descrip-
tion of products and processes, and a description of the characteristics and
quantities of pollutants discharged to the POTW. In cases where there are few
significant industrial users, the information can usually be obtained satis-
factorily through ongoing POTW inspection and monitoring procedures, coupled
with a local requirement that new, nondomestic users supply the information to
the POTW before connecting to the sewer lines or commencing their discharge.
If the POTW requires all of its nondomestic users to obtain a permit to dis-
charge wastewater to the sewer system, the permit application is usually an
adequate means of obtaining the data and updating the survey. It is important
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to reconfirm information supplied in the original application each time a
permit is altered or renewed. This will ensure that current information is
available on existing dischargers, provided that permits expire and are re-
issued or renewed on a sufficiently frequent basis.
Notification of Applicable Standards and Requirements
The POTW is responsible for keeping abreast of Federal pretreatment stan-
dards and applicable requirements under the Clean Water Act and Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act. The POTW is also responsible for notifying any
industrial user that may be affected by existing or newly promulgated stan-
dards and requirements. These responsibilities must be met throughout the
program, and ongoing procedures to do so should be identified in the pretreat-
ment program submission. These procedures should cover:
Federal categorical standards
State standards
Local limitations
Other pertinent requirements (e.g., user charges).
Procedures for notifying industrial users of pertinent standards and
regulatory requirements can include:
Letters
Permit/contract conditions
Permit/contract modifications
Published notices in newspapers, circulars, etc.
Identification procedures are described in Section 5.3.
Compliance Monitoring Procedures
The procedural requirements associated with self-monitoring reports,
random compliance sampling, and noncompliance investigations are closely
related. The first two elements form the basis of a program to determine
whether industrial users are in or out of compliance with pretreatment
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standards, limitations, and other requirements. The third element constitutes
the POTW's response to potential instances of noncompliance. All three in-
volve sampling and analysis of industrial effluents and data analysis. Under
self-monitoring, the sampling and analysis is performed by the industrial
user's staff or representative. Under compliance sampling and investigations,
the work is carried out by the POTW's staff or authorized representative. In-
vestigatory sampling and analysis must be performed with sufficient care to
produce evidence that is admissible in court, and thus, is normally more rig-
orous than compliance sampling and analysis.
1. Receipt and Analysis of Self-Monitoring Reports and Other Notices
The program submission must describe the POTW's procedures and systems
for receiving, analyzing, and storing self-monitoring, compliance schedule,
and other reports/notices submitted by industrial users. A systematic
approach to managing the data collected from these sources should be evident.
The approach may be manual or computerized depending upon the size of the
POTW, the number of industrial users, and the nature of the industrial
discharges (e.g., priority pollutants). In either case, the system must
ensure that reports are received on time, reviewed by a technical specialist,
and ultimately filed in a retrievable manner. The system should facilitate a
comparison between reported discharge values and discharge standards and
limitations contained in permits, ordinances, contracts, and the like. It is
also desirable for the system to include comparisions with discharge values
measured by POTW personnel or representatives.
Basic features of a workable system include:
A master list or log of expected reports during a specified time frame
(monthly is sufficient)
A procedure to enter date of receipt of each report (usually on the
master list or log)
A procedure to screen and compare reported values and compliance in-
formation with discharge standards and compliance schedules
A procedure (if the screening is done by a paraprofessional) to refer
problem submissions to a technical specialist for more thorough eval-
uation
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A filing system to ensure that the data are retrievable and maintained
for an appropriate period of time (3 years or longer)
The ability to cross reference to permit, contract, and POTW moni-
toring files, if applicable.
This procedure is described in Section 5.4.
2. Compliance Sampling and Analysis
The submission must document and describe the POTW's procedures for
sampling and analyzing the effluents of its industrial users. Three basic
types of compliance sampling and analysis are commonly considered:
Scheduled monitoring (sampling and analysis on a fixed schedule)
Random monitoring (sampling and analysisscheduled or unscheduled
that is unannounced or performed with short notice)
Demand monitoring (sampling and analysis triggered by an event such as
a public complaint or an observed POTW operating problem)
Monitoring and inspection activities are outlined for Rapid City in Section
5.5.
xv i
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TABLE 3.
Program Implementation Procedures Checklist
Section
of POTW's
Yes No Submission
Updating the Industrial Waste Survey [403.8(f)(2)(i) and (ii)]
A. Are procedures identified for updating (periodically)
the waste survey information for existing users?
B. Do procedures require new industries to supply
discharge information or otherwise ensure that it
will be collected?
II. Notification of Appropriate Federal, State, and/or Local
Standards or Limitations [403.8(f)(2)(iii)]
A. Are there procedures for keeping abreast of existing
and newly promulgated standards and requirements?
B. Does the POTW evaluate which users are subject
to standards?
C. Is there a mechanism to identify and notify
industrial users of standards, limitations, or
other requirements?
Ill. Receipt and Analysis of Self-Monitoring Reports and
Other Notices [403.8(f)(2)(iv)]
A. Are there procedures for determining what self-
monitoring and other reports are due?
B. Are values reported by industries compared to
discharge standards or compliance schedules?
C. Are problems referred to appropriate authorities
for technical evaluation and follow up?
IV. POTW Compliance Sampling and Analysis [403.8(f)(2)(v)]
A. Does the description of the monitoring program
include procedures for periodic random sampling
of significant industrial discharges?
B. Are sampling and monitoring parameters identified
for each firm or group of industries?
C. Is the POTW sampling for the significant pollutants
identified by the Industrial Waste Survey or by the
priority pollutant/industry matrix? (Appendix B)
D. Do the sampling and monitoring procedures conform to
EPA requirements? (40 CFR 136,"Standard Methods")
E. Is the frequency adequate to determine compliance
independent of information supplied by I.U.s
(at least annual)?
xvi i
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TABLE 3.
Program Implementation Procedures Checklist (Continued)
Yes
F. Has the POTW addressed:
Safety considerations?
Quality control techniques?
V. Noncompliance Investigations and Enforcement [403.8(f)(2))vi)]
A. Are follow-up actions to investigate non-compliance
documented?
B. Do these activities include provisions to:
Cover emergency situations?
Notify industrial users of violations?
Allow for response by industrial users?
Abate and control problem discharges?
Verify that corrective actions have worked?
Obtain compliance through legal means if
necessary?
Assess penalties for noncompliance?
C. Are procedures for quick response sampling and
analysis included (demand sampling)?
D. Are chain-of-custody and quality control provisions
specified?
VI. Public Participation [403.8(f)(2)(vii)]
A. Do procedures include at least annual notice of
violations published in local newspapers?
B. Is notice and opportunity to respond provided, both
to the industrial users and the general public, on
the process of developing local industrial
effluent limitations?
C. Are program records available to the public?
VII. Multijurisdictional Submissions
A. Are there procedures for coordinating monitoring,
enforcement, and implementation activities
between the jurisdictions involved?
B. Has the NPDES permit holder assumed lead
responsibility in program implementation?
No
Section
of POTW's
Submission
xviii
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ORGANIZATION, STAFFING, EQUIPMENT, AND FUNDING
The ability to develop and implement a successful pretreatment program
depends upon a number of factors. The importance of legal authority, sound
technical information, and proper procedures has already been discussed. This
subsection examines the need for resources and an organization to apply them
efficiently and effectively. An acceptable submission will demonstrate that
the POTW has:
A workable organization to integrate elements of the program
An adequately sized and trained staff to carry out program
requirements
The necessary equipment to fulfill monitoring and other program needs
Adequate funds to support the proposed program.
40 CFR 403.8(f)(3) requires that the POTW have "sufficient" resources and
qualified personnel to implement the authorities and procedures called for in
the program. Although the regulations do not define what is meant by "suffi-
cient," they do require that the POTW submit certain items:
A brief description (including organization charts) of the POTW
organization which will administer the program
A description of funding levels and full- and part-time
manpower available to implement the program.
If more than one agency is responsible for administering the program, each
agency must be identified. The responsibilities of each participating agency
must also be delineated and procedures for coordination described.
Section 6 identifies the personnel and equipment Rapid City will use in
its program. Chapter 6.2 presents an estimate of program costs and identifies
from where the funds to pay for these costs will come. As in the other sec-
tions, Table 5 is a checklist for Program Resources.
xix
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Organization and Staffing
Organization and staffing requirements will vary according to the com-
plexity and comprehensiveness of the local program. Whether the staff is
large or small, it must be organized in a way that facilitates the successful
completion of program responsibilities. The adequacy of the program's organ-
ization and staffing is not only based on whether essential functions are
covered, but also on whether the number and type of staff are appropriate to
implement the requirements of the program. The following elements should be
evident in the submission:
Clear and appropriate lines of authority
Identification of staff responsibilities
Qualifications of staff
Staffing levels related to required work effort
A mechanism for interrelationships with other departments
Contract management (if required).
Funding
The program submission must contain an itemization of program costs. The
submission should contain either projected costs for the first year of program
operation or the actual costs for the most recent operating year if the
pretreatment program was fully implemented in that year. Costs should be
itemized in the following areas:
Labor (salaries, benefits)
Annualized capital costs
Operating and maintenance costs (travel, supplies, etc.)
Overhead (rent, phones, etc.)
Debt service and/or other applicable costs.
xx
-------
In addition, the submission must provide an account of the revenue sources to
be used to cover the annual costs of the pretreatment program. This account
may be descriptive, or may be an itemization of each revenue source and
amount. A system for continuous revenue generation (e.g., user charges) might
be discussed as well.
Implementation Costs
A POTW program submission should provide an estimate of the annual cost
of implementing its pretreatment program. The two types of costs involved are
capital costs and operating costs. The capital cost of purchasing equipment
represents a single cash outlay, while labor, O&M, and the other items repre-
sent operating expenses that must be recovered yearly. Equipment may be
purchased directly out of the POTW's budget if sufficient reserve cash is
available; it may also be financed or leased and then repaid annually as an
ongoing cost in the operating budget.
1. Capital Costs
A major financial decision for a POTW implementing a program involves the
procurement of sampling and analysis equipment. A POTW has the choice of
purchasing equipment, leasing equipment, contracting services, or any
combination of these. Depending on the level of monitoring required for the
program, a POTW should determine which of these options is the most cost-
effective. It may be most feasible for small to medium-sized plants to buy
equipment for sampling and conventional pollutant analyses, while using a
commercial lab for metals and organics analyses. Larger POTWs, conducting
more toxics analyses, may choose to buy equipment for full in-house capabil-
ity. Since sampling/analysis equipment can be expensive to purchase and
maintain, the POTW should determine what the impact of these costs would be on
sewer and monitoring charges to industries and whether purchase is warranted.
xxi
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2. Operating Costs
Annual operating costs will generally be based on the level of effort
estimated for conducting various tasks within the program. While the majority
of operating costs may be attributed to labor, other significant costs may
result from equipment O&M, overhead, and debt repayment. For simplicity, some
POTWs estimate labor hours for each program task and then convert these to
total cost by multiplying by a gross factor that represents overhead and other
costs. Table 4 lists program tasks and various factors affecting the level of
effort for each. By combining labor costs with other direct and indirect
costs, the total annual budget for the program can be calculated.
Financing Sources and Cost Recovery Systems
After the program costs are estimated, the submission should present the
means for recovering these costs. Major capital expenditures, such as equip-
ment purchase, may be financed via municipal bonds or with surplus capital
improvement revenues, if available. Annual operating costs can be recovered
through continuous revenue sources from fees, charges, or interest. Ideally,
program revenues should be generated from the industries serviced by the
program in proportion to their relative use.
A cost allocation scheme should be developed to recover pretreatraent
costs from various groups or classes of users according to some basis such as
monitoring emphasis. The POTW should choose an allocation basis that is jus-
tifiable and equitable when applying pretreatment charges to lUs. There are
many types of charges or fees that may be used to generate revenues from lUs.
The most appropriate types for a pretreatment program include: a service or
monitoring charge, an industry surcharge, and a pollutant strength surcharge.
xxii
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TABLE 4.
Factors Affecting POTW Levels of Effort for
Pretreatment Program Operating Tasks
Sampling/Industrial Number of Industrial Users
Review Frequency of Sampling
Lab Analysis Number of Samples Requiring Analysis
Type of Analysis Required
Pollutants Analyzed (i.e., toxics,
conventional metals, etc.)
Technical Assistance Treatment Plant Capabilities
Inclusion of New Industrial Users
Number of Industrial Users
POTW Influent and Effluent Characteristics
Legal Assistance Number and Seriousness of Violations
Availability of In-house Counsel
Burden of Proof Created by Ordinance
Financial/ Number of Industrial Users
Administrative Number of Samples per Year
Size of Service Area
xxiii
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TABLE 5.
Resources Checklist
Yes
No
Section
of POTW's
Submission
Organization and Staffing [403.8(f)(3) and 403.9(b)(3)]
A. Is the description of the POTW organization clear
and appropriate?
B. Are mechanisms identified for delegating pretreat-
ment tasks to other local government agencies?
C. Are personnel or positions identified that are
responsible for:
Technical review?
Monitoring?
Laboratory analysis?
Legal assistance and enforcement?
Administration?
D. Are job descriptions and qualifications
adequately identified?
E. Have appropriate staffing levels been determined
based on identified needs?
II. Equipment
A. Does the POTW have adequate sampling and analysis
capabilities to monitor for these types of pollutants:
Conventionals?
Nutrients and other non-conventionals?
Metals?
Toxic organics?
B. If not, are other arrangements made to do so
(e.g., contract with private lab, other agency)?
III. Funding Estimates and Sources
A. Has the POTW demonstrated that it can provide
sufficient funds to meet the costs of operating
its pretreatment program?
B. Does the POTW present a reasonable estimation of
pretreatment implementation costs?
C. Is there any justification or explanation of costs
or cost estimates?
D. Is there an account of the revenue sources to be
used to cover the annual costs of the pretreatment
program?
XXIV
-------
TABLE 5.
Resources Checklist (Continued)
Section
of POTW's
Yes No Submission
IV. Multijurisdictional Submissions
A. Is each jurisdiction participating in funding the
pretreatment program?
B. Are the relationships between the staff [personnel]
of the participating jurisdictions adequately
described and documented?
XXV
-------
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
The General Pretreatment Regulations as promulgated by the IT.S Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency on January 28, 1981 (40 CFR 403) require
that the Rapid City Wastewater Department develop and implement a pretreat-
ment program. The objectives of the National Pretreatment Program are:
1) to prevent the introduction of pollutants into publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs) that interfere with the operation of the facility, including
the use or disposal of municipal sludge, 2) prevent the introduction of
pollutants into POTWs that pass through or are otherwise incompatible
with the treatment works, and 3) to improve opportunitites to recycle
and reclaim municipal wastewaters and sludges.
To meet these National objectives, the Rapid City program was devel-
oped in accordance with the pretreatment program requirements in §403.8
and with the program submission requirements in §403.9. Integral to
these requirements are the National Pretreatment Standards for prohib-
ited discharges (§403.5) and categorical industries (§403.6). The prohib-
ited standards provide specific prohibitions of nondomestic pollutants
that shall not be discharged into the POTW for the purpose of preventing
pass through and interference. The Standards for categorical industries
present limitations for specific pollutants which may be discharged into POTWs
by industrial users in individual subcategories. Since Rapid City has
identified no industrial users subject to the current Categorical Standards,
the program's development and operation is primarily based on the National
Prohibited Discharge Standards.
1-1
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Program Summary
Under Rapid City's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit, the City is required to develop and submit to EPA Region
VIII for approval a pretreatment program by July 31, 1982. The requirement
is predicated upon Rapid City's POTW having a design flow greater then 5
million gallons per day and several significant industrial dischargers
in the system. The development of the program is divided into five
tasks:
Evaluation of the POTW operating characteristics and problems
Identification of industrial users and characterization of their
wastewater discharges
Design and adoption of the legal authority necessary to implement and
enforce the program
Development of procedures to ensure compliance with the require-
ments of the program
Demonstration of sufficient personnel, equipment, and funding to
carry out the program.
As discussed in Section 2 of this report, an evaluation of operating
conditions of the Rapid City POTW was conducted to determine the extent
that industrial discharges were influencing the facility and to identify
the potential for related problems. Currently, the Rapid City POTW is
meeting the requirements of its NDPES permit. An analysis of the plant's
wastewater influent and sludge demonstrates that metal concentrations are
relatively low and that land application of sludge is not causing abnormal
accumulation of metals in the soils or crops.
The industrial users of the Rapid City POTW have been identified and
classified according to relative importance to the pretreatment program.
1-2
-------
Selected industrial discharges were sampled and analyzed and their wastewater
characteristics were used as criteria for classification. As described in
Section 3 of this report, a large portion of the industrial flow to the
system is generated from several dairies, meat packers, and other food
processors which discharge high strength conventional wastes. There are
two industries which discharge nonconventional pollutants, such as
heavy metals, and which will be subject to the pretreatment program.
Section 4 provides the legal authority to implement and enforce the
requirements of the pretreatment program. Rapid City has adopted an
ordinance that addresses Prohibited Discharges and Categorical Standards.
Specific effluent limitations for various toxic and other nondomestic pol-
lutants are imposed in the ordinance. Industrial users in outlying juris-
dictions are required to comply with Rapid City's pretreatment program
through the adoption of specific pretreatment provisions in their district's
Sewer Service Agreement. Additionally, an industrial waste permit includ-
ing an application form and a conditions statement has been developed for
use by all significant industrial users.
Section 5 of the report presents the administrative and operating
procedures to be used by Rapid City in ensuring compliance with pretreat-
ment program requirements. The process for permitting new and existing
industrial users of the POTW, including those in outlying districts,
is outlined. Rapid City has developed procedures to notify all indus-
trial users of the facility to make sure they are informed of program
requirements. Procedures have also been developed to require industry
self-monitoring and evaluate all information submitted. Rapid City will
conduct monitoring and inspection activities according to a routine
1-3
-------
schedule and will carry out enforcement proceedings as necessary to
assure compliance with program standards and requirements.
Section 6 demonstrates that sufficient personnel, equipment and
funding are available to conduct all aspects of the pretreatment program.
Since Rapid City is already involved with monitoring and inspecting a
large portion of the industrial users of the POTW, additional efforts
required for this program are not expected to be substantial.
Each of these above elements is discussed in the following sections
of this program submission.
1-4
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SECTION 2
RAPID CITY'S POTW
2.1 BACKGROUND
The Rapid City sewer system services a population of about 50,000
people with about 13,000 connections. The treatment plant has a design
capacity of 13.5 million gallons per day (mgd); however, the average
wastewater flow to the plant is currently about 7.5 mgd. The industrial
flow to the plant makes up between 8-10% of the total flow.
The Rapid City POTW uses a single-stage, high rate trickling filter
process designed to treat an average flow of 13.5 mgd. The plant began
operation in 1967. The liquid processing train consists of bar screens,
pre-aeration, primary clarifiers, two trickling filters, and final clari-
fiers. Treated effluent is discharged into Rapid Creek under EPA permit
no. SD-0023574. Figure 2.1 is a flow schematic of the POTW.
The solid material settled in the final clarifiers is returned to
the primary clarifiers. The settled solids here are pumped to the sludge
digestion tanks for further treatment. The sludge, consisting of about 3-
4% solids, is then applied on about 140 acres of land adjacent to the
treatment plant.
2.2 OPERATING DATA
The treatment plant has consistently met its current effluent
limitations specified in its NPDES permit with the exception of one oil
and grease violation in April 1981. Table 2.1 provides effluent data for
conventional pollutants during July 1979 to 1981. The average BOD and
TSS removal for 1980 was 87% and 83%, respectively.
2-1
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Figure 2.1
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
RAPID CITY
SOUTH DAKOTA
SCALE: l"=200'
Espe Printing Co.. Rapid City. S. D.
2-2
-------
Month
TABLE 2.1
RAPID CITY EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS3
Flow (mgd)
pH
BOD(mg/l)
Average- 7.7
(25 mos)
Permit
Conditions n/a
n/a Not applicable
7.3-7.7
6.0-9.0
23
30 (mo av)
45 (wk av)
TSS(mg/l)
31
50 (mo av)
75 (wk av)
0&Gb(mg/l)
Jul 79
Aug 79
Sep 79
Oct 79
Nov 79
Dec 79
Jan 80
Feb 80
Mar 80
Apr 80
May 80
Jun 80
Jul 80
Aug 80
Sep 80
Oct 80
Nov 80
Dec 80
Jan 81
Feb 81
Mar 81
Apr 81
May 81
Jun 81
Jul 81
8.5 (6.0-12.2)
8.2 (5.8-12.0)
7.5 (5.8-11.7)
7.1 (5.8-11.3)
7.1 (6.0-11.4)
6.8 (5.8-11.0)
6.9 (5.8-11.5)
7.4 (6.1-9.5)
7.9 (6.1-9.9)
8.5 (5.8-11.2)
11.4 (5.5-12.2)
8.9 (5.4-12.5)
8.5 (5.1-11.9)
7.9 (4.5-11.4)
7.5 (3.8-11.3)
7.6 (3.5-11.0)
7.2 (3.8-10.9)
7.2 (3.7-10.9)
6.8 (3.5-10.6)
6.8 (3.4-10.6)
7.3 (3.4-10.8)
7.0 (3.3-11.3)
8.0 (4.9-12.2)
8.3 (5.0-14.4)
7.0 (4.9-10.2)
7.2-7.5
7.5-7.9
7.6-8.0
7.5-8.0
7.7-8.0
7.6-8.0
7.6-8.0
7.4-8.0
7.5-7.8
7.3-7.7
7.2-7.8
7.2-7.7
7.2-8.0
7.2-7.6
7.3-7.6
7.4-7.6
7.4-7.9
7.2-7.6
7.3-7.7
7.2-7.5
7.2-7.6
7.2-7.5
7.2-7.5
6.9-7.5
7.0-7.5
22 (16-29)
27 (16-47)
22 (15-33)
22 (11-30)
26 (16-42)
27 (17-37)
30 (18-42)
26 (17-42)
21 (14-29)
26 (14-36)
26 (15-40)
20 (15-30)
24 (16-31)
24 (18-30)
21 (15-34)
20 (11-47)
23 (14-35)
22 (14-36)
24 (17-39)
27 (11-64)
20 ( 8-27)
25 (14-43)
22 (14-34)
18 ( 9-29)
19 ( 8-31)
30 (16-50)
33 ( 8-60)
31 (18-50)
36 (20-54)
30 (14-48)
32 (12-50)
39 (28-54)
39 (20-52)
27 (16-40)
30 (14-60)
39 (14-98)
29 (10-46)
28 ( 4-58)
29 (12-48)
26 (18-40)
24 (14-38)
24 (14-44)
29 ( 8-52)
30 ( 8-50)
23 ( 8-60)
34 (12-96)
30 (12-56)
37 (18-96)
34 (14-62)
32 (10-52)
6.7
5.3
8.3
9.0
9.7
9.1
9.9
9.6
8.6
8.9
7.8
7.5
2.8
5.3
7.4
9.4
8.4
1.1
5.7
9.5
9.4
12.3
5.5
8.7
6.9
a Monthly average data; range of daily concentrations shown in parentheses
One sample per month
7.7
10
10
2-3
-------
Effective July 1, 1983, the plant's NPDES permit will require 30 mg/1
monthly average for TSS. Since the existing plant will not be able to
meet this limitation, a facilities plan is currently being conducted to
determine the additional treatment necessary to do so. The inability to
meet this standard has not been linked to the discharges of any one or
combination of industrial discharges.
POTW influent samples were also analyzed for metals to determine
concentration levels. The results of three sampling efforts over the
last five years are shown in Table 2.2. The 1982 data are assumed to be
the most representative since the 1981 data were derived using a flame
atomic adsorption instrument which does not have the sensitivity of the
flameless instrument used in the 1982 analyses. Using the most recent
data and comparing it to metal concentrations of other POTW influents,
it appears that the influent concentrations of Rapid City are not signif-
icant. Table 2.3 provides data collected in two EPA studies showing
metal concentrations for cities with little or no industrial contribu-
tions [column (1) and (2)] and with a range of industrial contributors
[column (3)]. Rapid City's influent is comparable to (and in most cases
significantly less than) the lower metal concentrations presented in the
table. As part of an on-going monitoring program at the POTW, the Waste-
water Department will sample the plant's influent and effluent for metals
at least twice a year. This is intended to establish a more accurate
representation of the general wastewater characteristics and to spot-check
for modifications in industrial discharges.
2-4
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TABLE 2.2
METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN RAPID CITY WASTEWATER INFLUENT1
Iron
Lead
Silv
Zinc
1977
mi urn 1
oraium 20
per
n 1200
d 61
ver 29
c
cury
kel
11 concentrations in ug/1
1981
<5
<500
<100
<100
<100
<100
<5
<100
1982
1
23
8
8
1
15
<1
19
TABLE 2.3
AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN TYPICAL POTW INFLUENTS1
Pollutant
(1)
40 POTW Study
Avg. 2 Plants with
Low Industrial Flow
(2)
EPA 4 City Study
Avg. Residential
and Commercial
40 POTW Study
Avg All Plants
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
4
63
62
80
34
34
6
219
1
37
59
1
43
8
3
130
39
175
225
574
99
119
9
718
1 All units are ug/1
2-5
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2.3 OPERATING PROBLEMS
Over the last fifteen years, the wastewater treatment plant has ex-
perienced few operational problems or upsets that could be attributed to
industrial contributors. In the past, a few incidents of slug loads
discharged by industries have occurred. In one case in the mid-1970's,
a metal plater dumped a chromium bath into the system, upsetting the
sludge digestors. Since this incident occurred, the plater has closed
operations. About once a year, the treatment plant experiences a slug
load of spoiled milk from a milk producer. The plant has identified the
industry and directed it to notify the plant when slug discharges occur.
This notification has worked over the last few years and if a discharge
occurs, the plant can adjust their operations to handle the excess organic
loading. Violations in the treatment plant's NPDES permit have not occurred
because of this loading problem.
Other areas concerning the facility are oil, grease, and grit
discharges from the many restaurants, service stations and car washes in
Rapid City. Interceptors are installed at most establishments, and regular
attention is given to assuring that these are cleaned by the owners. In
addition, the treatment plant effluent has occasionally violated its permit
limitations for oil and grease. Because of this, the above-mentioned
establishments will be included in the pretreatment program.
2.4 SLUDGE MANAGEMENT
The Rapid City wastewater treatment plant generates on the average
18,500 gpd of sludge from the digestors at about 2.5% solids content.
This equals about 720 tons per year dry weight (654.5 metric tons).
The plant superintendent estimates that about 20% of this sludge is given
2-6
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to local farms. The remainder (523.6 metric tons) is applied to 140 acres of
land adjacent to the treatment plant. Crops are grown on this property by
local farmers and used for cattle fodder.
The concentrations of various metals in the POTW sludge are presented in
Table 2.4. Analyses were conducted on four separate occasions between 1976
and 1982. Comparing this data to typical sludge compositions (see Table 2.5)
shows that Rapid City's sludge concentrations are much lower than the average
concentrations presented and in some cases lower than the minimum values. Aver-
age concentrations of the four sludge analyses were calculated to estimate the
cumulative amounts of metals applied to 140 acres (56.6 hectares) of cropland
over the last 10 years. A layout of the 140 acres (or 56.6 hectares) of sludge-
applied land and the years of application are shown in Figure 2.2. Using these
data, the application amounts for the three plots of land were calculated and are
S
Plot #3
20.2 hectares
Applied 1978-1981
No Application
Plot #2
28.3 hectares
Applied 1974-1981
No Application
Plot #1
8.1 hectares
Applied 1972-1981
Treatment Plant
W
N
FIGURE 2.2 PLOTS OF LAND USED FOR SLUDGE APPLICATION
presented in Table 2.4. These amounts were compared to the maximum amounts allow
able as suggested by EPA^ (see Table 2.6) and were determined to be sufficiently
1 Sludge Treatment and Disposal, EPA Technology Transfer, EPA-625/4-78-012,
October 1978.
2-7
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TABLE 2.4
SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION TO LAND
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Silver
Zinc
Nickel
Mercury
Sludge Concentration^
Fall 76 Aug 77 Dec 79 Jan 82
0.11 0.5 0.2 1.0
1.79 1.6 3.5
44.0 19.0 16.0 31.8
527.0
9.82 14.0 1.6 16.1
2.22 -- 1.5
52.6 18.0 20.0 51.5
1.7 0.8 5.0
0.004
Average
0.4
2.3
27.7
527.0
10.4
1.8
35.5
2.5
0.004
Land Application
Generation Cumulative
Rate^ Application Amounts (kg/ha)
Plot Plot Plot
1 23
0.21 0.09 0.03 0.01
1.20 0.51 0.22 0.08
14.50 6.10 2.62 1.03
276.0 118.0 49.8 19.5
5.44 2.33 0.98 0.38
0.94 0.40 0.17 0.07
18.59 7.95 3.36 1.31
1.31 0.56 0.24 0.09
0.002
I
CO
^ All concentrations in ppm dry weight
kg/yr; based on 523,636 kg/yr sludge applied to land
3 Ih/acre = 1.121 kg/hectare
-------
TABLE 2.5
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEWAGE SLUDGES a»b
Component Units
Cu
Zn
Ni
Pb
Cd
Number of
Samples
205
208
165
189
189
Range
84-10,400
101-27,800
2-3,520
13-19,700
3-3,410
Median
850
1740
82
500
16
Mean
1210
2790
320
1360
110
a Data are from numerous types of sludges (anaerobic, aerobic, activated, lagoon, etc.)
in seven states: Wisconsin, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Illinois, Minnesota,
Ohio
b Dry weight basis (mg/kg)
TABLE 2.6
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF METAL3 SUGGESTED FOR
AGRICULTURAL SOILS TREATED WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE
Metal
Soil cation exchange
capacity
(meq/100 g)
<5
Pb 500
Zn 250
Cu 125
Ni 50
Cd 5
5 to 15
1,000
500
250
100
10
>15
2,000
1,000
500
200
20
a Dry weight basis (kg/ha),
2-9
-------
low to continue land application. The cation exchange capacity of the amended
soils range from 19.1 to 26.7 meg/100 g soil, making the higher range limits
of Table 2.6 applicable.
The soils and crops at the wastewater treatment plant were tested
for various metals and other pollutants. The results are shown in Tables
2.7 and 2.8. Comparing this data to common metal concentrations^- see
Table 2.9) suggests that some metals, such as copper and cadmium, may be
a little high in the soils and/or plant tissues.
Samples of the sludge crops and soils will be further analyzed at
least on a yearly basis to determine whether a need exists to modify
application rates on this property in the future. The Wastewater Depart-
ment is planning to purchase a sludge injector machine and then apply to
lands owned by local farmers. When this occurs, it is anticipated that
all sludge generated will be applied off-site.
1 Sludge Treatment and Disposal, EPA Technology Transfer, EPA-625/4-78-012,
October 1978.
2-10
-------
Copper
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Nitrates
Phosphorus
TABLE 2.7
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOILS FOR RAPID CITY3
1
61
13
31.8
28
118
204
dry weight
Plot
2
42.1
14
45.8
68
117
224
3
2.0
8
1
3
58
125
Cadmium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Zinc
Chromium
Nickel
TABLE 2.8
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS3 IN CROPS GROWN ON
SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL FOR RAPID CITY
Alfalfab
0.27
9.4
91.2
0.26
56.5
39.1
Corn
1.2
8.5
0.7
52.0
2.2
1.5
a All concentrations in ppm
" Dry weight. Data represents a mixture of about 33% alfalfa grown on
sludge-amended land and 67% alfalfa grown on other land without sludge
application.
2-11
-------
TABLE 2.9
METAL CONTENT OF COMMON SOILS AND CROPS
Cone, in soils
Cone in plant
diagnostic tissue
Element
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Zn
Common
(mg/kg)
0.06
100
20
10
850
40
50
Range
(mg/kg)
0.01-7
5-3,000
2-100
2-200
100-4,000
10-1,000
10-300
Normal
(mg/kg)
0.2-0.8
0.2-1.0
4-15
0.1-10
15-100
1
150-200
Toxic3
(mg/kg)
>20
>50
>200
a Toxicities listed do not apply to certain accumulator plant species
2-12
-------
SECTION 3
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY
3.1 BACKGROUND
The Rapid City POTW has conducted an Industrial Waste Survey (IWS)
to identify those industrial users (lUs) that might be subject to the
Pretreatment Program and to characterize the lUs wastewater discharges.
The survey identified those IIJs that have the potential to violate the Federal
Prohibited Discharge Standards (40 CFR 403.5), the specific limitations
set by the Rapid City Code, and those lUs which are subject to Federal
Categorical Pretreatment Standards. The IWS provides Rapid City with
the background information necessary to issue discharge permits, to
design the monitoring enforcement program, and to evaluate the suitability
of the effluent limitations in the Rapid City Code.
The specific limitations set by the Rapid City Code (Sec. 30-163) are
presented in Table 3.1. As interpreted by the Code, these limits are
applied to discharges as they enter the public sewer. These discharges
generally consist of combined process and sanitary waste flows. On the
other hand, Categorical Pretreatment Standards are technology based
limits that apply directly to the regulated process stream. Rapid City
has one industrial user subject to the current Electroplating Category
Pretreatment Standards for existing sources (i.e., Magnetic Peripherals,
see Section 3.3). The applicable standards are found under Subpart H -
Printed Circuit Board Subcategory §413.80 and are shown in Table 3.2.
The date for compliance is currently January 28, 1984. Therefore, this
one industrial user must exhibit compliance to both the specific limita-
tions in the Code and the Federal Categorical Standards.
3-1
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TABLE 3.1
SPECIFIC LIMITATIONS CONTAINED IN THE RAPID CITY ORDINANCE
POLLUTANT
CONCENTRATION
(tng/1)
Copper 0.5
Zinc 0.5
Chromium (Hexavalent) 2.0
Chromium (Trivalent) 2.0
Total Chromium 5.0
Nickel 0.5
POLLUTANT
Lead
Boron
Cadmium
Silver
PH
Oil & Grease
CONCENTRATION
(mg/1)
0.
1.
1
.0
0.02
0.03
5.5-9.!
100 mg/1
TABLE 3.2
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD FACILITIES
DISCHARGING 10,000 GALLONS OR MORE PER DAY
Pollutant
CN, T
Ni
Cr
Pb ,
Cd ,
Maximum for
any one day
1.9
4.5
4.1
7.0
4.2
0.6
1.2
10.5
Average of daily values
4 consecutive monitoring
shall not exceed
1.0
2.7
2.6
4.0
2.6
0.4
0.7
6.8
for
days
3-2
-------
To assist in the development and the administration of the program,
the IWS sought to classify industrial users as significant lUs, minor
lUs, and insignificant lUs. The following definitions are used in the
program for these classes of users:
Class I - Significant Industrial User As defined in the .Rapid City
Code, any user of the City's wastewater disposal system who (i) is
subject to Federal Categorical Standards, (ii) has in its wastes
toxic pollutants as defined by Section 307 of the Clean Water Act,
or (iii) is found by the City, State, or EPA to have sig-
nificant impact, either singly or in combination with other contrib-
uting industries, on the wastewater collection or treatment system,
the quality of sludge, the system's effluent quality, or air emis-
sions generated by the system.
Class II - Minor Industrial User These are industrial users that
discharge nondomestic pollutants to the public sewer in amounts that,
on a routine basis, have insignificant impact on the treatment works
but, may nonetheless, present the potential to impact the collection
or treatment system or to violate the prohibited discharge limita-
tions in the Rapid City Ordinance. This includes those industries
that present the potential to cause sewer obstruction, slug loads,
or chemical spills.
Class III - Insignificant Industrial Users These industrial users
include those, for example, that have dry processes, discharge only
sanitary wastes, or are considered to have an insignificant impact
on the wastewater disposal system.
The classification of industrial users will assist Rapid City in
structuring and assigning priority to the pretreatment program procedures.
The Class I industries will receive the emphasis of the program's adminis-
tration, inspection and monitoring. These lUs have the greatest potential
to obstruct, pass-through or otherwise interfere with the treatment plant
operations because of their flow volume and wastewater characteristics.
The Class II industries, although larger in number than the Class
I, will receive less attention per industry but are included in the
program because they present the potential to impact the collection/
treatment system. Several of these industries have small batch processes
3-3
-------
with little, if any, waste discharged, but have a potential for toxic
spills. Other Class II industries discharge conventional pollutants
that may occur as slug loads.
The Class III industries are dry process industries or dischargers
of primarily sanitary wastes and therefore are considered insignificant
to the pretreatment program. However, any of these industries may be
reclassified and included in the program if a problem is identified, or
the nature of their operation should change.
3.2 IDENTIFY AND LOCATE INDUSTRIAL USERS (lUs)
A screening process was used by Rapid City in identifying and
characterizing the industrial users of the POTW. Rapid City first sought
to compile a comprehensive list of all commercial establishments in the
city. Initially, Dun and Bradstreet listings and city water records
were used. Approximately 1160 establishments were examined in the water
records, documenting potential industrial users and water usage rates.
Industries within any of the 34 categories listed in the Federal Pretreat-
ment Regulations were especially sought. Questionnaires were sent to 52
establishments including meat packing, milk processing, timber products,
laundries, printing, mechanical products, electronics, and others. A
sample questionnaire is shown in Appendix A. Approximately 37 industries
initially returned the questionnaires, and after follow-up phone calls
and site visits, all were returned. In addition, the Wastewater Depart-
ment currently operates an inspection program for restaurants, service
stations, and car washes and has identified 116 of these. Because of
oil, grease and grit problems experienced in the past, Rapid City has
decided to include these establishments in the pretreatment program.
3-4
-------
The survey also covered three sanitary districts served by the Rapid
City wastewater system. In the Rapid Valley District, one industrial user
was identified and a questionnaire was filled out. Further industrial
growth in this area is anticipated. The other two districts are residen-
tial in nature and contain no potential dischargers of nondomestic or
industrial wastes.
Based on the information collected in the questionnaire survey, many
of the industries were considered insignificant (Class III) because of dry
processes or sanitary waste discharges. The industries that were screened
from the program at this stage are shown in Table 3.3. As these industries
were excluded from the program, other industries with large flow volume
and the potential for toxic or problem waste loading were targeted for
follow up and field monitoring as discussed in the next section.
.3.3 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
The Wastewater Department sought to identify the pollutants in various
industrial discharges to further classify those potentially significant indus-
trial users. Based on site investigation and/or flow data of all these indus-
tries, the sampling program was narrowed to 8-10 industries. Only two of these
industries were suspected of discharging toxic pollutants, the other industries
were either meat packers or dairies having large flow and waste loading charac-
teristics. The sampling and analysis results provided a basis for classifying
the "significant" and "minor" industrial users. The results for those indus-
tries classified as "significant" or Class I are shown in Table 3.4. Infor-
mation for the "minor" or Class II industries was then compiled and is shown
in Table 3.5. Wastewater analysis was conducted for some of the larger .
Class II industries such as Gillette Dairy, Western Meats and Hubbard
3-5
-------
TABLE 3.3
INDUSTRIAL USERS EXCLUDED FROM PRETREATMENT PROGRAM - CLASS III
COMPANY
Baken Park Laundry & Dry Cleaners
Benson Optical Co.
Black Hills Chemical Company
Black Hills Power & Light
Black Hills Printing
Cabinet Shop, The
Dakota Supply Company
Dales Tire & Retreading
E & J Specialties
FTC Laundry
Imperial Signs
M. G. Oil Company
Mr. Nifty Cleaners
Masters Awards
North Central Supply
Parkway Car Wash
Printing Inc.
Robbinsdale Cleaner & Shirt
Laundry
Rapid Crystal Ice Co.
Rapid Rent-All
Stamper Black Hills Gold
Jewelry Mfg.
Sycom Inc.
Sterns Roger Inc.
Vinyl Sash Windows & Glass
Whittaker and Mattsen, Inc.
SIC
7215
3851
2869
4911
2741
2434
3944
3009
3079
2555
7215
3993
3799
2911
7216
2262
3479
3499
3442
7542
2732
7215
2097
7542
3911
3613
3312
3832
3444
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY
Washing & dry cleaning clothes
Manufacture of eyeglasses
Distribution of commercial chemicals
Electric generating plant
Job printing
Manufacture of cabinets
Distribution of craft supplies
Tire retreading
Manufacture of plastic badges
Coin operated laundry
Manufacture of signs and trailers
Distribution of petroleum products
Dry cleaning
Fabricating & engraving of
metal products, fabric embroidery
Distribution
Car wash
Commercial printing & publishing
Dry cleaning and laundry
Ice manufacture
Equipment rentals
Manufacture of jewelry
Manufacture of electronic components
Cool gasification pilot plant (closei
Sale of home improvement products
Sheet metal fabrication
3-6
-------
Table 3.4 Class I Industries and Wastewater Characteristics
Parameters
SIC
Principal Activity
Wastewater Flow (gpd)
Total
Sanitary
Process
Cooling/Boiler
PH
Temperature (F°)
Copper (ppm)
Lead
Zinc
Cadmium
Chromium
Arsenic
Nickel
Cyanide
Phenol
Oil & Grease
Magnetic Peripherals, Inc.
3471 - 3479
Assembly of computer
circuit boards
56,800
29,300
12,200
15,300
93
80
0.4
0.8
0.5
< 0.03
0.5
0.02
0.42
0.2
Servall Towel &
Linen Supply^
7211
Commercial laundry
25,000
1,000
24,000
7.1
70
0.5
1.5
1.0
< 0.1
< 0.5
< 0.02
0.013
534
Analysis taken of the process stream only; data represents average of
two samples.
Wastewater data is preliminary since sample was taken upstream from solids
interceptor.
Industry
Principal Cooling
SIC Activity Sanitary Process Boiler BOD TSS pH Temp(F{
Black Hills 5143 Mfg. butter & 1.5 48.4
Milk Products dry milk
Black Hills 2077 Cattle Slaughter 6.0
Packing Co. & Meat
Processing
Brown Swiss 5143 Process Milk
Milk Co. & Cottage
Cheese
0.5
267.5
32.3
470 154 7.5 67
569 316 7.2 82
4,770 568 5.7 65
NOTE: Flow data in lO^gpd and pollutant concentrations in ppm.
3-7
-------
Table 3.5. Class II Industries
Industry
Gillette Dairy
Hubbard Milling
Metz Baking
RC Western Meats
Black Hills
Gold Creations
Rapid Film
Service
Rapid City
Journal
Ramco Corp^
Tepco, Inc
SIC
5193
2041
2051
2077
3911
2711
3079
3662
Principal
Activity
Milk
processing
Flour milling
Cattle feed
manufacturing
Baking bread
products
Meat
Butchering
& processing
Mfg of Gold
jewelry
Film pro-
cessing &
printing
Daily
Newspaper
Mfg of
acrylic
bathtubs
Mfg of
electronic
circuit
boards &
components
Sanitary
500
500
1,900
300
2,500
300
2,650
400
75
Process
22,800
4,800
21,400
14,000
2,600
8,200
500
600
75
Cooling/
Boiler
-
1,200
2,280
-
-
-
Remarks
Normally
process
3 days/wk.
BOD=2,400
mg/1
TSS=2,165
mg/1
BOD=724
mg/1
TSS=360
mg/1
Spill
potential
Silver
Recovery
Silver
Recovery
Spill
potential
Spill
potential
1 Located in the Rapid Valley Sanitary District
3-8
-------
Milling. The 116 restaurants, service stations, and car washes have also been
included in Class II industries and under the monitoring program. These estab-
lishments are listed in Appendix B.
The Class I or significant industrial users received the greatest attention
of all industries in the pretreatment program development. Each of these Ills,
their processes and wastes are discussed below.
Magnetic Peripherals, Inc. Magnetic Peripherals manufactures computer
circuit boards from purchased components. In the process, pre-etched
boards, integrated circuits, and other components are acquired, assembled
and tested. The electrical contacts are soldered with an auto-flow sol-
der machine. The flux and excess solder is washed from the boards by one
of three water-base degreasing machines. The company has just made a
process change utilizing an aqueous solder flux and detergent flush to
avoid generation of petroleum solvent wastes. As seen in Table 3.5,
the metal concentrations in the wastewater discharge are of this process.
Comparing this data to the Categorical Standards set in Table 3.2, the
wastewater discharges represented by this analysis are within the maximum
limits with the exception of the lead concentration. Rapid City will con-
duct additional monitoring and work with the company to ensure that the
discharge is within compliance by the deadline for this Categorical Stan-
dard (January 28, 1984). Additional monitoring will determine compliance
of both the process stream with Categorical Standards, and the combined
stream with limits set in the Code.
Servall Laundry Servall cleans uniforms, towels, and other goods for
industrial and commercial customers. The laundry processes about 60,000
Ibs/day of goods and discharges over 38,000 gpd of wastewater. The pro-
cess consists of commercial washing using water, detergent, bleach, and
caustic. Goods are then dried, pressed, and packaged. Wastewater from
washing is pumped into a sump interceptor to settle out grit and other
solids before discharge to the sewer. The POTW is particularly concerned
over oil and grease, detergents and pH. Some wastewater characteristics
are shown in Table 3.5. It appears from this data that Servall is vio-
lating limits set for oil and grease, zinc and lead. However, the
current data is preliminary since samples are taken upstream from the
interceptor and there is no access for sampling downstream. The POTW
is working with with Servall to determine the best location for a samp-
ling port. Under the ordinance, Sewall will be required to install and
maintain this sampling site. Once an appropriate sampling site is
provided, more accurate data will be obtained and determination of
compliance and the need for pretreatment will be possible.
Black Hills Packing Co. Black Hills slaughters and processes about
300 head of cattle per day, four days per week. The plant also
cuts and processes pork, making sausage and bacon. Skin, bone,
and fat are disposed of in sanitary landfill, whereas the blood,
paunch, washwater and other liquid wastes are segregated
3-9
-------
and pretreated prior to sewer discharge. The pretreatment process
consists of rotating screens, primary settling, and a flotation cell
for grease removal. The plant has a large flow volume discharging
over 250,000 gpd; however, after pretreatment, the BOD loading ranges
from 1100 to 1300 Ibs/day (500 to 600 mg/1). This loading has not
affected the POTW operations to the extent that permit violations occur.
Brown Swiss Milk Co. This is a milk and cottage cheese manufacturing
facility producing about 150,000 Ibs of bottled milk and 7,600 Ibs of
cottage cheese per day. The high BOD concentrations (about 4700 mg/1
as seen in Table 3.5) result primarily from the cottage cheese process
where the separated milk whey (about 3,000 gpd) is wasted. Recovery of
the whey is being considered to reduce the company's sewer charges. The
organic loading has not caused POTW interference or permit violations.
Black Hills Milk Producers This company processes raw milk to make butter
and non-fat dry milk powder. In the process, milk fat is separated to make
butter and the skimmed milk is then dried to produce the powder. Wastewater
results from washdown and the evaporated milk water. While the BOD concen-
trations are not extremely high (470 mg/1 in Table 3.5), the volume flow is
almost 50,000 gpd and the plant has a past history of spills or slug loads.
The company currently notifies the treatment plant when a load of milk
(usually spoiled) is dumped into the system. This occurs about once per
year.
3.4 UPDATE INDUSTRIAL SURVEY
Rapid City will update its IWS on an ongoing basis to identify new industries
and to reflect changes in existing industries' process and waste characteristics.
The Wastewater Department will be informed of new businesses in town by the City
Finance Office which issues sales tax licenses and the Office of Public Works
which issues permits for building and inspections. Prior to sewer hook-up, the
Superintendent will send them, if warranted, an industrial waste permit applica-
tion and notify them of the current sewer use requirements. Updating existing
IU records will be accomplished primarily by data generated from the monitoring
program. The Superintendent will redistribute industrial waste permit applica-
tions every two years on an as-needed basis to the industrial users not being
monitored in an attempt to detect modififications in their process and waste
characteristics.
3-10
-------
SECTION 4
LEGAL AUTHORITY
Introduction
The General Pretreatment Regulations (40 CFR 403) dated January 28,
1981 requires POTWs to have the legal authority to apply and enforce the
requirements of Section 307(b) and (c) and 402(b)(8) of the Clean Water
Act and any regulations implementing those sections. At a minimum, this
legal authority must meet the requirements of Section 403.8(f)(l)(i-vii).
Rapid City has developed this legal authority to extend over all of
its industrial users, including those located outside of the City limits.
As specifically referred to in the submitted City Attorney's letter, the
wastewater treatment plant has the authority to:
Deny or condition new or increased contribution of pollutants
or changes in the nature thereof, when such contributions
will exceed standards or cause a violation of the POTW's
NPDES permit.
Require industrial users to comply with applicable pretreatment
standards and requirements, including specific prohibitive dis-
charge limits set by the City.
Control the contribution of each industrial user by permit or
other means to ensure compliance with standards and requirements.
Require industrial users to develop compliance schedules for
installation of technology necessary to meet standards and to
submit notices and self-monitoring reports to the POTW to
assess compliance measures.
Enter the premises of an industrial user to perform all inspec-
tion, surveillance, and monitoring procedures necessary to eval-
uate compliance.
Seek injunctive relief in the case of noncompliance, assess pen-
alties, and prevent or halt discharges that appear to present
an imminent danger to health or the environment or interfere
with POTW operations.
4-1
-------
Provide confidentiality where necessary to protect industrial
user's trade secrets.
To demonstrate this authority for pretreatment program approval,
Rapid City has submitted the following which are included in Appendix C:
Exhibit I - City Attorney's statement outlining the legal
basis of the program.
Exhibit II - A written endorsement of the program by the Rapid
City Common Council
Exhibit III - The Rapid City's Code, Chapter 30
Exhibit IV - Sewer Service Agreement and Pretreatment Agreement
between Rapid City and Rapid Valley Sanitary District.
Exhibit V - Rapid City's Industrial Waste Permit
The Pretreatment Provisions of the Sewer Service Agreement provides
Rapid City with adequate legal authority to enforce pretreatment require-
ments within the Rapid Valley District whether the program is administered
by Rapid City or Rapid Valley District. The proposed Pretreatment
Agreement serves both as a supplemental contractual agreement and as
a guidance document and outlines the programmatic procedures for Rapid
City to administer the pretreatment programs in any outlying jurisdiction
serviced.
4-2
-------
SECTION 5
PROGRAM PROCEDURES
Rapid City has developed procedures necessary to ensure compliance
with the requirements of the pretreatment program. Procedures for the
following program elements were developed to assist implementation of the
pretreatment program:
Permitting process
Notification of requirements to industrial users
Industry self-monitoring reports and other notices
Monitoring and inspection activities
Investigation of noncompliance
Public participation
5.1 PERMITTING PROCESS
All Class I significant industrial users are required to have a
discharge permit. Rapid City will determine if the IU is significant,
distribute the permit package, review the returned permit application,
recommend specific permit conditions and then issue the permit. The per-
mit conditions will be developed based on the permittee's discharge
characteristics and on the specific limitations posed in the Rapid City
Code. The overall permitting process to be used by Rapid City including
the Rapid Valley District role is shown in Figure 5.1. For the one
industry within Rapid Valley District, Rapid City will conduct much of
the permitting administration and will direct Rapid Valley to authorize
and issue the permit.
The permit package will include an application form, a copy of
Chapter 30, Division 3 of the City Code, and any Categorical Pretreatment
5-1
-------
Ln
I
If in /
Rapid City /
New industry
applies for
business license
If in \
Rapid ValleyX
District \
Rapid City
sends permit »
package to IU \
Rapid Valley
notifies
Rapid City
\
\ Rapid City re-
\ views permit
\ application to
IU completes determine if:
cation and IU significant
returns to ,
Rapid City
i
if
incomplet
IU revises
application
and returns
Rapid City
data & devt
ops recomme
dations foi
permit
conditions
e \
if IU it
Rapid Valle
Disti
[U if IU
il- Rapid
K
-ict X
Rapid Valley
reviews rec
commendat ion
for permit
in
City Rapid City
mit to IU
Rapid Valley
issues permit
Rapid City
The City, District
and IU consult to
develop appropriate
conditions
FIGURE 5.1 PERMITTING PROCESS FOR RAPID CITY PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
-------
Standards that may apply. An example of the permitting form currently
proposed is shown as Exhibit IV in Appendix C.
5.2 NOTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS TO INDUSTRIAL USERS
Rapid City will notify all industrial users (lUs) included in the
pretreatment program of any applicable pretreatment standards (local and
Federal) as well as applicable requirements under Sections 204(b) and 405
of the Clean Water Act and Subtitles C and D of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act. To stay informed of new pretreatment regulations being
issued, the Wastewater Department will be contacted by the City Planning
Department which currently receives and reviews the Federal Register.
The Wastewater Department will also review the Federal Register listings
on a regular basis to ensure that new regulations are identified.
The Wastewater Department will initiate the pretreatment program by
personally contacting the lUs and informing them of applicable standards,
the monitoring program, and the permitting procedure. lUs requiring a
permit will be formally notified of regulations by the permit package it
receives. The Class II Minor lUs will be notified by letter including
copies of the applicable sections of the City Code. As new Federal or
local requirements are issued, the Wastewater Department will notify via
letter existing users of applicable pretreatment standards as well as
other relevant requirements under the Clean Water Act and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. Federal pretreatment standards will be
made a condition of the industrial waste permit, and as EPA promulgates
new standards, affected lUs will have existing permit conditions modified
to incorporate explicitly the new standards.
5-3
-------
5.3 INDUSTRY SELF-MONITORING REPORTS AND OTHER NOTICES
The Wastewater Department will receive and analyze self-monitoring
reports and other notices submitted by lUs according to the reporting
requirements in Section 403.12 of the Federal pretreatment regulations.
As required, industrial users will submit reports directly to the Wastewater
Department. Industry samples must be analyzed at a State-certified
laboratory; all measurements, sampling, and analyses will follow procedures
in Standard Methods for the Examination £f_ Waste and Wastewater. The
frequency of sampling and the pollutants to be analyzed by the IU will be
stated in the industrial waste permit.
Five types of reports or notices are to be submitted to the Wastewater
Department by lUs subject to Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standards.
These reporting procedures will apply to the one categorical industry
(Magnetic Perpherals) discharging into the Rapid City system and be used
as guidelines for other industrial self-monitoring. The types of reports
required include:
1. A baseline report to be filled within 180 days of
the effective date of a Federal categorical standard and containing:
a. Name, address, owner, and operator of facility
b. List of any environmental control permits held by facility
c. Description of facility's operation
d. Flow measurement data
e. Certified statement indicating whether or not pretreatment
standards are being met on a consistent basis; and if not,
whether additional operation and maintenance (O&M) and/or
additional pretreatment are required
f. Schedule of compliance, if additional O&M and/or pretreat-
ment are required to meet pretreatment standards.
2. Progress reports for compliance schedule milestones in permit
3. Compliance data report indicating compliance with categorcal
standards deadlines
5-4
-------
4. Semi-annual reports on continued compliance
5. Notice of slug loading.
The Wastewater Department may consider a laboratory report invalid if:
The analysis is incomplete and the discharger does not submit a
supplemental analysis within 30 days of being notified of the
deletion
A State-certified laboratory and "standard methods" procedures
are not used
Results of the analysis report cannot be verified by the laboratory
If it is discovered that the monitoring equipment has been
tampered with or readjusted, or the wastewater loadings and/or
flow have been adjusted or changed to reflect an atypical
situation.
When any of these conditions occur, the Wastewater Department will offi-
cially notify the IU that it is considered in violation of the ordinance
and may be liable for civil or criminal prosecution.
According to the City Code, the Wastewater Department also must be
informed from any industry of significant changes in type or amount of
effluent discharged, or any modifications to its sewer connection. A
letter requesting approval of such changes and/or modifications is required
by permit conditions if the discharge modification will be a regular occur-
rence. The written request will be evaluated based on ordinance provisions
and Federal requirements, and either approve and issue a new permit, or
reject the request.
5.4 MONITORING AND INSPECTION ACTIVITIES
Rapid City will randomly sample and analyze IU discharges in the City
and the Districts and will conduct surveillance and inspection activities
in order to identify, independent of information supplied by lUs, occasional
5-5
-------
and continuing noncorapliance with pretreatraent standards. All Class I signi-
ficant industrial users are required to install and maintain a manhole or other
suitable site for sampling their wastewater. Under contractual agreement,
Rapid City has right of access to the entire sewer system of each serviced
District and to the point of industry discharge on private premises. The
Wastewater Department will maintain analysis and inspection data in industry
files and will send copies to the Districts of all monitoring results and
correspondence with lUs in that District.
All sampling and analysis activities will conform with procedures in
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Samples will
be prepared in accordance with Table 5.1. The following references may also
be used to assist in monitoring industrial wastes:
Handbook for Monitoring Industrial Wastewater prepared by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1973)
NPDES Compliance Sampling Manual prepared by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (1977)
Wastewater Sampling for Process and Quality Control (Manual of
Practice No. OM-1), prepared by the Water Pollution Control
Federation (1980).
The inspection/monitoring program planned for the Class I and II indus-
tries is shown in Table 5.2. The monitoring schedule described here is
planned for the first two years of the pretreatment program. It may be
more comprehensive than that eventually required because there is a need
to better quantitatively characterize the industrial wastes. Once a minimum
of six to eight representative samples of each industry's wastestream
have been analyzed, the data will be interpreted to determine if the current
inspection/monitoring schedule for that for that IU should be revised.
5-6
-------
TABLF 5.1
BOTTLE PREPARATION
Ul
I
Analytical Fraction
Conventionals
(BOD, Residue)
Conventionals
Preserved (COD)
Semivolatile Organics
and Pesticides
Volatile Organics
Metals
Phenols
Cyanide
Oil and Grease
Sample
Type
Bottle
Type
Cap Liner
Bottle
Size
2 liter
Composite Plastic
Composite Glass Polypropylene 1 liter
Composite Glass
Teflon
3 liter
Grab Screw
Cap
Septa
Vials
Composite Glass
Grab
Teflon
Silicone
Septa
40 ml
Amber
Glass
Teflon 1 liter
Polypropylene 1 liter
Grab
Grab
Glass
Bottle
Preparation
DI rinse
DI rinse
Preservatives
Cool to 4 C
Sample
Holdina
Times
2 days
H SO Cool to 4 C 28 days
DI, Methylene Cool to 4 C 7 days
chloride rinse
air dry (bake,
optional)
DI rinse, bake Cool to 4 C 3 days
135 C, 1 hour Sodium thiosulfate
for Cl residual
DI rinse
DI rinse
Plastic Polypropylene 1 liter DI rinse
Polypropylene 1 liter DI rinse
HNO.
1 gram CuSO ;
H PO to pH 4
NaOh to pH 12
Ascorbic acid
for Cl residual
H SO to pH 2
28 days
28 days
14 days
28 days
1. All bottle preparation must be preceded by a deionized (DI) water rinse.
2. Available from Pierce, Wheaton or O. Berk.
3. Bottles and Septa only.
4. Sample pH and temperature must be measured at the sampling point.
5. Based on minimum holding time for a parameter within a fraction.
(Source:40 CFR 136,Proposed Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for Analysis of Pollutants, Dec. 3,1979, p. 69594)
-------
TABLE 5.2
COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE INSPECTION/MONITORING PROGRAM
FOR RAPID CITY AND ASSOCIATED DISTRICTS
Industry
Class I
Black Hills Milk
Black Hills Packing Co.
Brown Swiss Milk Co.
Gillette Dairy
Magnetic Peripherals, Inc.
Servall Towel & Linen
Class II
Black Hills Gold Creations
Hubbard Milling
RC Western Meats
Ramco Corp.
Rapid City Journal
Rapid Film Service
Tepco, Inc.
All restaurants and
service stations
Minimum
Inspection
Frequency
Semi -annually
Quarterly
Semi -annually
Semi -annually
Quarterly
Quarterly
Annually
Annually
Annually
Annual ly
Annually
Annually
Annually
Annually
Sample Type
12-hr composite
12-hr composite
12-hr composite
12-hr composite
24-hr composite
12-hr composite
Grab composite^
12-hr composite
12-hr composite
Grab composite^
Grab
Grab
Grab composite 3,5
Grab
Min.
Sample
Freq'y
4/year
4/year
4/year
4/year
4/year
4/year
2/year
2/year
2/year
2/year
2/year
2/year
2/year
I /year
Analysis Required
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
All Metals1 CN
Standard2, All Metals
Ni, Cu, Zn, CN, Au4
Standard
Standard
Petroleum solvents, phenols,
methylene chloride4
Ag*
Ag, Phenol, CN
Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, pH6
Standard-
1 "All Metals" includes Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, B, Ag
2 "Standard" includes BOD or COD, pH, TSS, Oil & grease, and/or TKN
Batch process, potential for spills
Pollutants are optional for analysis
Samples of combined discharge from several users at manhole
pH will serve as an indicator for acid pollutants
5-8
-------
The frequency of inspection and monitoring presented in Table 5.2 is based
on volume and characteristics of pollutants discharged, known or suspected
pollutants which can enter the wastestream during emergency spills, and the
Ill's history in complying with existing sewer use ordinance provisions.
The sampling of each industry will occur on a random basis. When pos-
sible to do so, sampling will be conducted at a manhole or point of discharge
into the public sewer without the knowledge of the industry. Access to one
industry's discharge (i.e., Tepco - a small electronics firm) is not possible
except at a downstream manhole combined with other user's wastewater. In this
case, preliminary monitoring will determine if an individual sampling post
for this industry will be necessary. The general approach taken in determining
the minimum monitoring program can be summarized as follows:
Those industries which discharge high strength wastes and/or pro-
cess flow streams in excess of 50,000 gallons/day (gpd) should be
inspected on a quarterly basis and have at least one 24-hour com-
posite sample collected quarterly. The sampling frequency can be
modified to reflect the presence/absence of strong organics,
corrosives, or priority pollutants.
Metal platers, circuit board printers, foundries, and other metal
finishers should be inspected and monitored on at least a quarter-
ly basis. A more frequent schedule may be1required for those in-
dustries with unknown wastewater characteristics. Conversly, in-
dustries which discharge low flow or mass emissions may allow the
City to reduce the level of effort associated with compliance as-
surance. Heavy metal analysis should be conducted on all samples
unless it can be demonstrated that process waste flows have been
eliminated.
Food processing industries should be inspected and sampled on a
quarterly basis, and monthly during high discharge seasonal produc-
tion. Conventional pollutants and nitrogen compounds should be
monitored.
Colleges, hospitals, newspaper printing, photo-services, and other
institutions which contain laboratories, film development services,
and similar facilities which generate chemical wastes should be
inspected and monitored at least once per year. Metal and solvent
recovery should be encouraged. The discharge of disease-carrying
tissues and culture plates should be discouraged. Incineration
of these materials, or sterilization and disposal to solid waste,
is a preferred disposal strategy.
5-9
-------
Large hotel accommodations, truck and automobile car washes,
industrial towel and linen services, machine shops, and
other commercial and service industries which discharge
wastes other than domestic sanitary sewage should be inspected
at least once per year and a representative sample taken and
analyzed.
Throughout the sampling/analysis procedure, care will be taken to ensure
that the data collected are admissible as evidence in enforcement or judicial
actions. Chain-of-custody procedures between the Industrial Inspector taking
the samples and the laboratory personnel will be followed.
5.5 INVESTIGATE NONCOMPLIANCE
Rapid City will investigate instances of noncotnpliance with pretreat-
ment standards and requirements and will collect and document the technical
information necessary to pursue court action. As data is collected from
reports and surveillance monitoring, the Wastewater Department will compare
the information with local and/or Federal limitations to determine compliance
or noncompliance. The data submitted will also be compared to previous re-
ports submitted by the same user to discover changes in wastewater charac-
teristics or water usage that may indicate changes in industrial processes.
The Wastewater Department may log or plot the data to ascertain trends in
levels. Since the ordinance of each District outside the City will provide
the enforcement authority for their respective Ills, Rapid City will investigate
noncompliance with the specific local and Federal requirements imposed. The
Districts are required in the service agreement to adopt the applicable pre-
treatment sections of the Rapid City Code. The Wastewater Department will
also document the evidence collected and make recommendations to the District
for legal action. Once adequate evidence has been collected, the City Attor-
ney's office will direct the case whether the District is involved or not.
5-10
-------
Legal action undertaken for violations may consist of fines,
imprisonment, penalties, permit revocation, and permit modification.
In seeking such action, Rapid City may pursue one of several legal
pathways. A flow diagram of this overall legal process for noncompliance
is shown in Figure 5.2.
If the violation is potentially damaging or hazardous to the
POTW, the environment, or human health, the City Attorney's office will
recommend emergency action to immediately halt all violating discharges.
Rapid City will evaluate the case findings and potential remedies and
take steps toward legal action. If the IU contests the actions proposed,
a show cause hearing will be held to reconcile differences in the case..
When a final decision is made, appropriate enforcement action will be
taken.
If the violation does not require emergency action, Rapid City will
notify the IU summarizing the evidence and resulting problems and will re-
quest an immediate halt in the violating discharge. Rapid City will
then evaluate the findings and make recommendations for remedies. If
the IU contests the proposed remedy or continues to violate the limits,
a hearing will be held to resolve the issues. If the IU accepts the
remedy, the final enforcement decisions will be made and the legal action
implemented.
In both cases, the level of fines, penalties, or permit modifications
to be taken will be dependent on the impact of the discharge on health,
the environment, or POTW and on the ability of the IU to pay the penalty/fine
or remedy the situation. In addition, no action may be necessary if the
IU complies within the specified time period. The Wastewater Department will
5-11
-------
Nonemergency:
Notify IU to
cease violat
ing discharge
IU contests
findings &
actions
Show Cause
hearing*
I
I«
NJ
Rapid City
Wastewater
Department
identifies
noncompli-
ance and
documents
evidence
Rapid City
determines
whether
emergency
or nonemer-
gency
\
Evaluate
findings
& make
recommen-
dations
for en-
forcement
action*
Notify IU
of findings
& possible
enforcement
actions
\
Emergency:
take steps
to halt
discharge**
Final enforcement
decision/action*
Possible
Enforcement
Actions
criminal fines;
imprisonment
civil penalties
permit revocation
permit revision
(e.g. pretreatment,
monitoring)
*
**
District is involved in legal process if violation occurs within District
Prior notification is recommended but not necessary to halting discharge
FIGURE 5.2
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR NONCOMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT PROCESS
-------
be instrumental in revising the pretreatment and monitoring requirements
in the IU's permit.
Rapid City will monitor and inspect industrial users in the outlying
sanitary districts to enforce compliance of the Rapid City Code and the
service agreement. If a violation occurs within a district, Rapid City
will initiate enforcement action against the IU by investigating the
case, documenting evidence, evaluating the findings, and recommending
remedial actions to be taken by the district. The district will preside
over the show cause hearing, if held, and take final enforcement actions.
In cases where the district does not take the recommended remedial decree,
Rapid City will seek legal action against the district (see Appendix C,
Exhibit IV Sewer Service Agreement and Draft Pretreatment Agreement).
5.6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Rapid City will comply with the public participation requirements of
40 CFR 25 in the enforcement of national pretreatment standards. A list
of industrial users which, during the past twelve months, significantly
violated applicable pretreatment standards or requirements, will be
published each year in the Rapid City Journal. A significant violation
is one which remains uncorrected 45 days after noncompliance notification
or which is part of a pattern of noncompliance over a twelve-month period.
A press release will also be provided to the paper when the pretreatment
program goes into effect citing the objectives of the program and solicit-
ing public documents and suggestions.
5-13
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SECTION 6
ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING
6.1 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT
The organizational chart of the Wastewater Department which will
operate the Rapid City Pretreatment Program is shown in Figure 6.1. The
Superintendent of the Wastewater Department will manage and administer
the program and will serve as the focal point for direction of and
cooperation between parties outside the Department. The Superintendent
will also assess staffing, equipment and budget needs and will provide
direction to his staff as needed in the program. A laboratory technician
will carry out the lab test for conventional pollutants, record keeping,
and analysis of monitoring reports. The industrial inspector will conduct
the surveillance monitoring, inspections, and correspondence to lUs.
Together, the Superintendent, lab technician, and industrial inspector
will:
Identify lUs and notify them of local, State, and Federal
pretreatment standards and requirements
Review industrial waste discharge permits and maintain
industry user files
Analyze information submitted by industries, the IU permit
applications, and self-monitoring reports
Sample and monitor industrial effluents and inspect the
operation of local industries
Coordinate program activities and information and collection/
distribution, especially in the identification of industrial
problems and in legal enforcement actions.
Calculations of charges and billing will be conducted by the Water
Billing Supervisor. A computerized system bills most of the sewer users
based on water consumption. Some industrial users are charged manually
6-1
-------
FIGURE 6.1
ORGANIZATION FOR RAPID CITY'S PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
Rapid Valley
Sanitary District*
Water Billing
Supervisor*
Director of
Public Works
Wastewater Department
Superintendent*
int
ator
Plant Supervisor
Plant
Maintenance
Labor,
Techn
Industrial Waste
Inspector*
City Attorney's
Office*
Engineering Dept.
Sanitary Engineer*
Collection System
Maintenance Chief
*Involved with Pretreatment Program
6-2
-------
for wastewater volume and strength from monitoring data collected. The
City Attorney and his Assistant will assist in legal areas such as
enforcement actions and the development and review of permit conditions.
A Sanitary Engineer will help by designing monitoring manholes, developing
permit conditions, reviewing planned pretreatment technologies, and
troubleshooting treatment plant O&M problems. The collection and mainten-
ance crew will assist on an as-needed basis in the surveillance of
industrial discharges during their regular cleaning and televising of
sewer lines.
Since many activities required by the pretreatment program are
already being conducted by the Wastewater Department, the existing staff
is expected to be able to handle the additional work involved. Table 6.1
shows the various tasks within the program operations with the employees
involved and the anticipated labor hours. Since there are only six
significant industrial users requiring permits, the level-of-effort for
permitting is not expected to be substantial. The majority of the labor
hours for the program will be expended in sampling, analysis, and compiling
of monitoring reports. Based on the monitoring schedule (see Table 5.2)
as a minimum level-of-effort, the labor hour for Tasks 3, 4, and 5 are
projected. A commercial laboratory will conduct the metals and organics
analysis with about 150 individual analyses estimated from the monitoring
schedule. It is assumed that one noncompliance case per year will be
initiated requiring assistance from the City Attorney's office. Additional
work requested from other City staff will be conducted on an as-needed
basis.
6-3
-------
TABLE 6.1 PROGRAM TASKS AND ESTIMATED LABOR REQUIREMENTS
Tasks Employees Approximate Hours
1. Notification of Industries S,I,C S-20
1-80
C-20
2. Permitting Process
o distribute applications S,I,C S-20
o review applications returned S,E 1-80
o develop permit conditions E,A A-40
o issue permit S,A,I,C E-40
C-40
3. Sampling & Inspection I 1-1500
4. Laboratory Analysis L,C L-420
C-60
5. Analysis of Industry Information I»L,E 1-200
o monitoring reports L-100
o pretreatment plans E-40
6. Noncompliance Investigation I,A 1-140
A-40
7. Miscellaneous Technical Assistance E E-80
8. Management and Administration S,B,C S-220
B-80
C-80
Total Hours: S=260 1=2000 L=520 E=160
A=80 C=200 B-80
Note: S = Superintendent; I = Inspector; L = Laboratory; E = Engineer
A = Attorney; C = Clerical; B = Billing
6-4
-------
The wastewater plant currently possesses sufficient equipment to
operate the program. The inspector uses a vehicle, two automatic samplers
and several flow meters in his activities. Samplers are also installed
at three of the significant industries for regular use. Conventional
pollutants will be analyzed at the wastewater plants' laboratory which is
totally outfitted for basic wet chemistry. The more sophisticated analysis
will be conducted by a local commercial laboratory.
6.2 PROGRAM COSTS AND FUNDING SOURCES
The Wastewater Department has estimated the costs of operating the
pretreatment program as shown in Table 6.1. The costs incurred in the
development of the program, such as those for the industrial survey and
and revision of the ordinance have been minimal and are not included.
Since no capital expenditures are expected for major equipment, the
program costs will be made up primarily of labor and other operating
costs. Table 6.1 shows the additional effort estimated for each labor
group and the relative costs.
The $41,120 cost of the pretreatment program is recovered in revenues
generated from a user charge system based on wastewater volume and
strength. The 1981 charge rate for all users was $0.49 per 100 cubic
feet; in 1982, this rate is being adjusted to $0.70 to meet growing
revenue demands and to accumulate capital improvement funds for tertiary
treatment at the plant. Industrial users are charged a surcharge of
$0.0075 per 50 mg/1 increment over 250 mg/1 for BOD and 300 mg/1 for
suspended solids. The total sewer budget for 1981 was about $1,200,000.
It is estimated that the Class I and II industrial users generated about
$161,000 in revenues in 1981 or about 13% of the total budget. The
6-5
-------
TABLE 6.2
OPERATING COSTS FOR PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
Labor
Administration
- 260 hours $ 3,770
- 200 hours 900
Laboratory
- 520 hours 5,720
Inspection
- 2,000 hours 21,000
Legal
- 80 hours 1,600
Engineering
- 160 hours 2,400
Billing
- 80 hours 1,000
Total Labor Costs $36,390
Other Operating Costs
Vehicle (rental, fuel, etc.) 2,730
Commercial laboratory 2,000
Other Operating Costs $ 4,730
Total $41,120
6-6
-------
strength surcharges generate about $18,000 a year in additional revenues
from the six industries charged. The other industries pay the flat rate
for consumption. The two Class I industries which do not pay strength
surcharges (Servall Laundry and Magnetic Peripherals) will be charged
directly for the monitoring expenses incurred by the City. Once the new
sewer rates go into effect, the charges for all industrial users will be
evaluated and if they are found to be inequitable with relation to
overall service rendered, the charges will be adjusted.
6-7
-------
APPENDIX A
INDUSTRIAL WASTE QUESTIONNAIRE
-------
INDUSTRIAL WASTE QUESTIONNAIRE
GENERAL INFORMATION
Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC): 2077
COMPANY NAME:_ Black Hills Packing Co.
MAILING ADDRESS:Drawer 2130 Rapid City, SD 57709
ADDRESS OF PREMISES: 1330 West Chicago St., Rapid City. SD 57701
NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNING OFFICIAL: Walter A. Wilson. Chief Eng.
CONTACT OFFICIAL
HAME: Halter A. Wilson TITLE: Chief Eng.
ADDRESS: Drawer 2130 . Rapid City. SD 57709
PHONE: 343-1414
The information contained in this questionnaire is fanrilv to re and to the
best of my knowledge and belief, such information is tru'2, cor-'-ts. 2nd accurate.
2980
Signature of Official")
PLANT OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Erief description of manufacturing or service activity on prercu ...: :
_ Cattle slaugher & processing
_ Sausage Manufacturing _
Inedible Rendering
Principal Raw Materials Used: Meat & Meat by-products
Catalysts, Intermediates: None
-------
1NUUSIRIAL WASTE QUESTIONNAIRE -2-
Principal Product or Service (use Standard Industrial Classification Manual if
appropriate):
Wholesale Meat Sales
Type of Discharge: Batch x Continuous
If batch, average number of batches per 24 hours:
Is there a scheduled shutdown?: No
When?:
Is production seasonal?: No
If yes, explain, indicating month(s) of peak production:
Average number of employees per shift: 150 1st 10 2nd 1
Shift start times: 0630 1st, 1500 2nd, 2200
Shifts normally worked each dav:
SUN MON TUE K'ED THU FRI SAT
1st X X X X X
3rd XXX X y y
Describe any wastewater treatment equipment or processes in uso:_
Rotary screen and primary clarification
Raw Water Sources:
Source Quantity
City water 70.000 gals, per day
Well water 115,000 gals, per day
Creek water 114.000 gals, per day
Describe any raw water treatment processes in use: Well water is chlorinated.
Cold water t.n Hot water heat exrha"go
-------
with poly-phosphate 4 to 8 p.p.irv.
List Water Consumption in Plant:
Cooling water
Boiler feed
Process water
Sanitary system
Contained in product
Other
List average volume of discharge
City wastewater sewer
Natural outlet
-> ' . i .*
Waste hauler
Evaporation
Contained in product
Is discharge to sev/er
List plant sewer outlets, size,
14,000
- 5,000 '
273,500
6,000
500
5,500
or water loss to
273,500
0
0
29,000
500
Intermittent
flow (attach and refer
gallons per day
gallons per day
gallons per day
gallons oer day
gallons per day
gallons per day
nail ons per day
oellon.s per day
oollon.s ner d&v
gallons per day
gallons oer day
X Steady
to map) :
A 8" outlet to *cs - 260 gpm max
B 6" inlet to *wwp - 2 gpm
C 6" inlet to *wwp - 220 gpm
D 6" inlet to *wwp - 20 gpm
E 6" inlet to *wwp - 18 gpm
F 4" oirt-let to *cs - 5 gpm max. *wwp Haste Water Plant
G 6" outlet to *cs - 20 gpm max. *cs city sewer _
Is there a Spill Prevention Control ar.c Ccunterrneasure Plan in effect for this plant?
Yes X Mo
-------
INDUSTRIAL WASTE QUESTIONNAIRE -4-
Are any of the toxic pollutants listed in Table 1 being used at this facility in
manufacturing of the product or is a by product v/hich nay be discharged? If so,
please indicate by a check mark on Table 1.
TABLE - 1
65 Toxic Pollutants Listed In Consent Decree and Referenced in 317(?) of the CWA
of 1977
Acenapthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin/Dieldrin
Antimony and compounds
Arsenic and compounds
Asbestos
Benzene
Benzindine
Beryllium and compounds
Cadmium and compounds
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorinated benzenes
Chlorinated ethanes
Chlorinalkyl ethers
Chlorinated naphthalene
Chlorinated phenols
Chloroform
2-chlorophenol
Chromum and compounds
Copper and compounds
Cyanides
DOT and metabolities
Dichlorobenzenes
Dichlorobenzidine
Dichloroethylenes
2, 4-dichlorophenol
Dichloropropane & Dichloroprooene
2, 4- dimethyl phenol
Dinitrotoluene
Diphenylhydrazine
Endosulfan & metabolites
Endrin and metabolites
Ethyl benzene
Fluoranthene
Ealoethers
Halonethanes
Heptachlcr and metsbclitcs
Hexechl orobutadi en?
Hexachl orccycl open to di ene
Hexachl orocyl chexane
Isophorone
Lead and compounds
Hercury end compound:
Naohthalene
Hickel and cop-noundL
Nitrobenzene
(r^
J-
M1trosercin£o
Pentachloronhf.ncl
Phenol
Phthalate eswrs
PolychlorinstPd b
Polvnuclear £r
hvdrocarbcns
Selenium end cor.nound:;
Silver and corr.no'jnds
2, 3, 7, 8. -Tetrachlorodibenzo-
D-dioxin (TCDD)
Tetrachl oroeihyl ene
Thallium ana corr.DOur.or
To'iuene
"loxaofiene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Zinc and compounds
List any other toxicants known or anticipated to be present in the discharqe:_
-------
INDUSTRIAL WASTE QUESTIONNAIRE -5-
P3ETREATMENT
Is this plant subject to an existing Federal Pretreatnient Standard? . N°
If so, are Pretreatment Standards beinn met on a consistent basis?
Are additional pretreatment facilities and/or operation and maintenance required to
ireet Pretreatment Standards? If additional pretreatment and/or operation and main-
tenance are required, list the schedule by which they will be provided:
No
-------
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f."
.
'
....
_
:.
,*:
.......
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/ .
-..
a
.
.-."._.
.
. i': .
-------
APPENDIX B
RAPID CITY RESTAURANTS
AND SERVICE STATIONS
-------
APPENDIX B - Rapid City Restaurants and Service Stations
Currently, all Rapid City service stations are required to have
interceptors prior to discharge to the public sewer. In the past, new
restaurants in the city have been required to install interceptors while
some of the older restaurants have not. Under Section 30-167 of the Code,
the City will request all restaurants to install and maintain interceptors.
A list of establishments is provided here along with their status on the
installation of interceptors or grease traps.
-------
APPENDIX B
RAPID CITY RESTAURANTS
ACCOUNT NO. LOCATION
East North Street & Vicinity
011-282003 Peking - 1126 E. North Street
011-270001 K-Mart - 1111 E. North Street
011-250004 Hardee's - 1111 E. North Street
011-280002 Mr. Donut - 1122 E. North Street
011-275001 Bonanza - 1118 E. North Street
011-230002 Burger King - 1002 E. North Street
011-220001 Kentucky Fried Chicken - 918 E. North Street
011-197002 Dakota House - 815 E. North Street
011-200001 McDonald's - 804 E. North Street
011-187002 Sambo's - 717 E. North Street
011-140002 Good Eater Cafe -
011-090002 Great Wall - 315 E. North Street
027-015008 Coachman Family Restaurant - 120 E. Blvd.
027-052501 Safeway - 315 E. Blvd.
011-180002 Wendy's - 701 E. North Street
027-040002 Parkway Cafe - 312 E. Blvd. North
011-210004 Taco Bell - 902 E. North Street
011-186001 Pizza Hut - 705 E. North Street
West Main Street & Vicinity
003-540001. Snow White Drive Inn - 1123 St. Joe
003-768002 Mr. Donut - 1925 W. Main
003-770001 Kentucky Fried Chicken - 1918 W. Main
073-547501 Arby's - 535 Mt. View
086-387001 Country Kitchen - 2010 W. Main
COMMENTS
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease trap
Grease barrel - Trap -
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease troughs - No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
Trap in meat department
Grease trap
Grease trao
Grease trap
Grease trap
No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
No trap
Grease trap
No trao
-------
ACCOUNT NO. LOCATION
West Main Street & Vicinity (Cont.)
073-540003 Wendy's - 520 Mt. View
073-535501 Burger King - 515 Mt. View
086-400001 Happy Chef - 2121 W. Main
086-420001 McDonald's - 2223 W. Main
086-455001 Randy's Pizza Barrel - 2421 W. Main
086-467001 Pizza Hut - 2600 W. Main
086-533001 Taco John's - 3020 W. Main
086-540004 Brown's Palace - 3120 W. Main
089-575002 Chuck Wagon - 3609 Sturgis Road
089-625001 Meadowood Lanes - 3809 Sturgis Road
086-426002 Taco Bell - 2323 W. Main
Downtown & Vicinity
003-377002 Pyrenees - 909 St. Joe
003-260003 Commodity Exchange - 712 St. Joe
002-370001 Woolworth's - 625 Main
002-304002 Firehouse - 610 Main
024-190001 Tally's - 530 6th Street
003-0950Q3 Landmark - 523 6th Street
002-177001 VFW - 420 Main
003-045001 Duane's House of Pizza - 510 St. Joe
003-020001 Tip Top Motel - 405 St. Joe
002-085001 Imperial 400 - 125 Main
027-155003' Red Garter - 318 E. Blvd.
060-015002 Sprout House - 429 Kansas City
001-540001 Hall Inn - 214 E. St. Joe
COMMENTS
Grease trap
No trap
No trap
Grease barrel - Trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
Grease trap
Grease trap
No trap
Trap under building
Grease trap
Grease trap
Traps in both kitchens
No trap
No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
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ACCOUNT NO. LOCATION
St. Patrick Street & Cambell Street
044-595001 Robbinsdale Lanes - 805 E. St. Patrick
044-625001 Moose - 841 E. St. Patrick
044-705003 K-P Drive Inn - 1203 E. St. Patrick
044-697001 Tim's Take-Out - 1202 E. St. Patrick
044-747005 Railhead Restaurant - 1402 E. St. Patrick
044-765001 Family Thrift'Center - 1516 E. St. Patrick
065-017001 Taco John's - 1710 Cambell
028-045001 Happy Joe's - 211 Cambell
Mt. Rushmore Road & Vicinity
002-575003 Silver Grill - 430 8th Street
061-043001 JB's - 801 8th Street
061-055001 Family Submarine Shop - 821 8th Street
061-357003 Dairy Queen - 1702 8th Street
061-365001 Village Inn - 1720 8th Street
061-380001 Casa Del Ray - 1902 8th Street
061-397001 Pizza Hut - 2005 8th Street
061-412002 .Safeway - 2118 8th Street
047-610001 Ramada Inn - 2205 8th Street
061-495004 Colonial - 2501 8th Street
050-345001 McDonald's - 720 Cleveland
048-727001 Shakey's - 720 Indiana
048-728003 Don Rafael's - 721 Indiana
061-450002 ' Perkin's Cake & Steak - 2305 8th Street
061-001002 Hilton - 445 8th Street
Jackson Blvd. & Canyon Lake Drive
073-655001 Safeway - 730 Mt. View
COMMENTS
Grease barrel - No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
Grease trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease trap
No trao
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
No trap
Traps-Kitchen & Meat Dep.
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - Trap
No trap
Grease trap
Grease trap
Grease trap
No trap
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ACCOUNT NO.
068-112001
100-095002
085-205001
085-206001
085-075001
031-280001
031-270002
030-123501
030-165501
031-274002
LOCATION
Jackson Blvd. & Canyon Lake Drive
Sambo's - 719 Jackson Blvd.
Turgeion's - 4205 Jackson Blvd.
Daisy Dell - 3939 Canyon Lake Drive
Dairy Queen - 3535 Canyon Lake Drive
LaCrosse Street
Howard Johnson's - 2211 LaCrosse
Holiday Inn - 1902 LaCrosse
Sizzler Steak House - 2601 Maple
Mr. Steak - 2125 N. Haines
Happy Chef - 2110 LaCrosse
COMMENTS
No trap
No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease barrel - No trap
Grease trap 1n basement
No trap - trap was taken
out; nothing but trouble
Grease trap
Grease trap
Grease trap
-------
RPAID CITY SERVICE STATIONS EITH GREASE TRAPS
ACCOUNT NO. LOCATION
100-280001 ATs Conoco - 3483 Sturgis Road
069-100005 Archie's Triangle Texaco - 1029 Jackson Blvd.
086-380002 Baken Park Mobil - 2001 W. Main
044-660001 Big D Oil Station - 919 E. St. Patrick
086-527001 Big D Oil Station & Car Wash - 3010 W. Main
032-135001 Black Hills Standard Service - 1935 W. Main
023-595001 Bob's Auto Service - 1027 Farlow
100-025001 Bob's Conoco Service - 3928 Canyon Lake Drive
069-380002 Bob's Muffler Service - 1322 8th Street
082-315001 Canyon Lake 66 Service - 4128 Jackson Blvd.
031-340001 Cochran's Friendly Service - 202 Main
031-540003 - E. North Street Conoco - 230 E. North Street
002-095001 Patron's Coop - 224 Main
069-365004 Dakota Standard - 721 8th Street
069-270002 Don's Texaco - 1440 E. St. Patrick
061-370002 Harvey's Mobil Service - 1808 8th Street
031-283002 1-90 Standard - 1-90 at LaCrosse
031-545002 JB Standard - 302 E. North Street
069-250002 Kwick Stop - 304 E. St. Patrick
001-115001 Lowell's Service Station - 128 E. Main
011-209004 North Gate Mobil - 901 E. North Street
061-485004 Rushmore Mobil - 2420 8th Street
031-575001 North Street 66 - 634 E. North Street
061-462005 Ken's Texaco - 2316 8th Street
031-272001 Holiday 66 - LaCrosse & 1-90
COMMENTS
Service
Service
Service
Wash
Wash
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Wash
Service
Service & Wash
Service
Service & Wash
Service
Service
-------
ACCOUNT NO. LOCATION
002-033001 Jim's One Stop - 29 Main
061-210001 Rushmore 66 - 1302 8th Street
044-585001 St. Patrick 66 - St. Patrick & Hawthorne
004-284502 Rush Lube - 215 Omaha
061-375002 Rushmore Standard - 1818 8th Street
100-165002 South Canyon Standard - 3334 W. Main
044-720001 Vern's Standard - St. Patrick & Highway 79
100-090002 Ron Robin Sinclair - Jackson Blvd.
061-025001 Kreb's Service - Mt. Rushmore Road
COMMENTS
Service
Service
No Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
Service
TOTAL RESTAURANTS, CLASS II INDUSTRIES, AND SERVICE STATIONS $9137.77
-------
APPENDIX C
LEGAL AUTHORITY SUPPLEMENTS
-------
Exhibit I City Attorney's Statement
-------
CITY OF RAPID CITY
SOUTH DAKOTA S77O1
In the Beautiful Black H/7/s
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY
City of Rapid City
22 MAIN STREET
RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA 57701
TELEPHONE: AC 605-394-4140
February 26, 1982
Regional Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 8
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Gentlemen:
Pursuant the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 403 regarding legal authority for Rapid City,
South Dakota, to implement its wastewater pretreatment program, the following state-
ment is submitted:
It is my opinion that Rapid City, South Dakota, has authority to implement the pro-
gram described in 40 C.R.F. 403.8 based on authority granted to municipalities by
statute, SDCL Sections 9-48-2 and 9-32-9, which give municipalities the power to
construct, maintain, and regulate sewer systems.
The following references to the Revised Ordinances of the City of Rapid City are
correlated with the specific requirements listed in Section 403.8 (f) (1). Where
the authority is not apparent from the provision cited, an explanation is provided.
403.8 (f) (1) (i) - Sections 30-165 and 30-166.
403.8 (f) (1) (ii) - General prohibitions against discharges which
interfere or pass through the sewage treatment
plant are contained in Section 30-163, first
paragraph, and the definition of "interference",
Section 30-1. The specific prohibitions of
40 C.F.R. 403.5 are contained in Section 30-163,
paragraphs (a), (c), (d), and (e). Local
limits set to assist in implementing the general
and specific prohibitions are contained in
Section 30-163(b). Section 30-174 makes the
National Categorical Pretreatment Standards
applicable when more stringent than the limi-
tations contained in the ordinance.
-------
403.8 (f) (1) (iii) - Contributions to the sewage treatment plant
from the industrial users located beyond the
Rapid City municipal limits will be con-
trolled by each local municipality in accor-
dance with provisions in a contract between
the Sanitary District and Rapid City. Each
contributing Sanitary District is required
by a standard contractual provision to adopt
and enforce a local sewer use ordinance or
regulation which complies with the require-
ments promulgated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Thus each contributing
Sanitary District or municipality must
essentially institute a pretreatment program
within its own jurisdiction.
403.8 (f) (1) (iv) (A) - The Director has the authority to place
industrial users on compliance schedules
under Section 30-174, making the com-
pliance schedule a Pretreatment Permit
condition under Section 30-166. The
Director may require the user to develop
the schedule itself as part of one of the
reports required under Section 30-171 (d).
403.8 (f) (i) (iv) (B) - Section 30-171.
403.8 (f) (1) (v) - Section 30-231.
403.8 (f) (vi) (A) - The Director may seek injunctive relief and any
other appropriate relief under authority con-
tained in Section 30-244. A criminal penalty
of up to one hundred dollars ($100.00) and
thirty (30) days imprisonment for each day of
violation is available under Sections 30-242
and 1-10. This is the maximum penalty a
municipality may impose under state law
(SDCL 9-19-3).
403.8 (f) (1) (vi) (B) - The Director, under Section 30-244, may
petition the appropriate court for a
temporary restraining order to immediately
and effectively halt harmful discharges to
the sewer system. A restraining order can
be obtained and enforced within a very
short time. Under common law nuisance
theory, a restraining order is also
available to halt harmful discharge ori-
ginating beyond the municipal limits of
Rapid City.
403.8 (f) (1) (vii) - Section 30-234.
-------
As indicated above, Rapid City intends to utilize a permit system to implement
pretreatment program requirements within its jurisdiction, and contracts with
contributing Sanitary Districts and municipalities to ensure that requirements
are implemented in those areas. The program procedures to be used in Rapid City
and contributing sanitary districts and municipalities are fully explained in
the "Program Description".
Rapid City intends to ensure compliance with pretreatment standards and require-
ments through an inspection, monitoring, and non-compliance enforcement program
authorized under Section 30-231 of the ordinance, which would allow for the de-
termination of non-compliance with discharge limitations and requirements inde-
pendent of information supplied by the industrial user.
Those violating permit conditions may be issued an order to comply (Section 30-241)
or have their permit revoked (Section 30-166 (j)). Significant Industrial Users
are not allowed to discharge without a permit (Section 30-166 (a)). Rapid City will
petition the appropriate court to enforce compliance.
If pretreatment program requirements are not implemented by contributing sanitary
districts and municipalities, Rapid City can bring suit for specific performance
of any Sewer Service Agreement provision which may be violated (SDCL 21-9). The
City can bring suit to restrain or enjoin any particular activity that is causing
problems (SDCL 21-8), and if a particular industry is involved, it can be joined
as party to the action and bound by an injunction or temporary restraining order.
Sincerely,
Michael G. Diedrich
Assistant City Attorney
City of Rapid City, S.D.
MGD:mpk
-------
Exhibit II Program Endorsement by the Common Council
-------
A RESOLUTION ENDORSING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A WASTEWATER PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
FOR THE PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS OF RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA.
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City has the duty and desire to protect the public
health, safety, and welfare; and
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City has the authority to implement uniform require-
ments for Dischargers into the wastewater collection and treatment systems in accor-
dance with all applicable State and Federal laws relating thereto; and
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City determines the need to prevent the introduction
of pollutants into the wastewater treatment system which will interfere with the
operation of the system or contaminate the resulting sludge; and
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City determines the need to prevent the introduction
of pollutants into the wastewater system which will pass through the system, inade-
quately treated into receiving waters or the atmosphere or otherwise be incompatable
with the system; and
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City desires to improve the opportunity to recycle and
reclaim wastewaters and sludges from the system; and
WHEREAS the City of Rapid City desires to provide for equitable distribution
among users of the cost of the Publicly Owned Pretreatment Works wastewater system;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Rapid City endorses the im-
plementation of a wastewater pretreatment program in accordance with all applicable
State and Federal laws required by The Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(FWPCA, P.L. 92-500), as amended by The Clean Water Act of 1977, P.L. 95-217, and
the general Pretreatment Regulations (40 CFR, Part 403).
Dated this 19th day of July, 1982.
THE COMMON COUNCIL
Mayor
ATTEST:
;. Finance Officer
(SEAL)
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Exhibit III Rapid City Code, Chapter 30
-------
CHAPTER 30
WATER, SEWERS AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Art. I. In General, §§ 30-130-12
Art. II. Waterworks, §§ 30-1330-112
Div. 1. Generally, §§ 30-1330-43
Div. 2. Service Lines, §§ 30-4430-60
Div. 3. Meters, §§ 30-6130-79
Div. 4. Service Charges, §§30-8030-112
Art. III. Sewage Works, §§ 30-11330-257
Div. 1. Use of Public Sewers Required, §§ 30-11330-126
Div. 2. Building Sewers and Connections, §§ 30-12730-160
Div. 3. Use of Public Sewers, §§ 30-1613-180
Div. 4. Special Sewers, §§ 30-18130-190
Div. 5. Connections Outside City, §§ 30-19130-195
Div. 6. Service Charges, §§ 30-19630-221
Div. 7. Fund Handling, §§ 30-22230-225
Div. 8. Protection from Damage, §§ 30-22630-230
Div. 9. Powers and Authority of Inspectors, §§ 30-231
30-240
Div. 10. Penalties, §§ 30-24130-250
Div. 11. Validity, §§ 30-25130-255
Div. 12. In Force, §§ 30-256, 30-257
Appendix A to Chapter 30
ARTICLE I. IN GENERALt
Sec. 30-1. Definitions.
The following words, terms and phrases are hereby defined and shall
be interpreted as such throughout this chapter. Terms not herein
defined shall have the meaning customarily assigned to them:
Approving authority shall mean the director of public works of the
City of Rapid City or his duly authorized deputy, agent or repre-
sentative.
BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) shall mean the quantity of oxygen
utilized in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter under standard
laboratory procedure in five (5) days at twenty (20) degrees Celsius
expressed in milligrams per liter.
Building drain shall mean that part of the lowest horizontal piping
of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste,
and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys
it to the building sewer.
Building sewer (also house connection or service sewer) shall mean
the extension from the building drain to the public sewer or other
place of disposal.
1
-------
City shall mean the City of Rapid City, a municipal corporation
of the State of South Dakota.
Clean Water Act shall mean the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
Public Law 92-500, also known as the Clean Water Act, including the
amendments made by the Clean Water Act of 1977, Public Law 95-217.
Combined sewer shall mean a sewer intended to receive both waste-
water and storm or surface water.
Commercial or institutional users shall mean all nonresidential users
which introduce only sanitary sewage or primarily segregated domestic
wastes into a building sewer.
Director shall mean the director of public works of the City of
Rapid City, or his authorized deputy, agent or representative.
Easement shall mean an acquired legal right for the specific use of
land owned by others.
Floating oil shall mean oil, fat, or grease in a physical state such
that it will separate by gravity from wastewater by treatment in an
approved pretreatment facility. A wastewater shall be considered free
of floatable oil if it is properly pretreated and the wastewater does
not interfere with the wastewater facilities.
Garbage shall mean the putrecible animal and vegetable waste resulting
from the handling, preparation, cooking, and serving of foods.
Industrial cost recovery shall mean recovery by the City of Rapid City
from the industrial users of the Rapid City Wastewater Treatment System
of the amount of federal grant money used for the purpose of constructing
wastewater facilities allocable to the transportation and treatment of
waste from such users.
Industrial cost recovery period shall mean a period of thirty (30) years
starting at the time of receipt of federal grant money used for the purpose
of constructing wastewater facilities during which the grant allocable to
the treatment of waste from industrial users is recovered from the indus-
trial users of such facilities.
Industrial User shall mean any nondomestic source regulated under section
307(b), (c) or (d) of the Clean Water Act that introduces pollutants into
the City's wastewater treatment works.
Interference shall mean inhibition or disruption of the Sewage Works,
treatment process, or operations which cause or significantly contribute to
the violation of the requirements of other agencies having jurisdiction
over discharges to the receiving waters. This term also includes contam-
ination of municipal sludge.
-------
Industrial waste shall mean the water-carried wastes from industrial
manufacturing or industrial processing as distinct from sanitary sewage.
It shall include the trade wastes produced by, but not limited to, food
processing and bottling plants, food manufacturing plants, slaughtering
plants, tallow works, plating works, disposal services, industrial
cleaning plants, fertilizer plants, car and truck washing operations,
laundries, cleaning establishments, cooling plants, industrial plants,
factories and chemical treatment installations.
Letter of intent shall mean notification from an industrial user to
the City of Rapid City of that user's intent to utilize a publicly
owned treatment facility for a given period of time.
Natural outlet shall mean any outlet, including storm sewers and
combined sewer overflows, into a watercourse, pond, ditch, lake or other
body of surface or groundwater.
May is permissive. (See "Shall").
Minor industrial users shall mean an industrial user not classified as
a significant industrial user.
National Categorical Pretreatment Standard or Pretreatment
Standard shall mean any regulation containing pollutant discharge limits
promulgated by the EPA in accordance with Section 307(b) and (c) of the
Act (33 U.S.C. 1347) which applies to a specific category of Industrial
users.
National Prohibitive Discharge Standard or Prohibitive Discharge
Standard shall mean any regulation developed under the authority of Section
307(b) of the Act and the General Pretreatment Regulations (40 CFR 403.5).
Owner or occupant shall mean the persons using the lot, parcel of land,
building or premises connected to and discharging sewage into the sewage
system of the city, and who pays or is legally responsible for the payment
of water rates or charges made against the said lot, parcel of land,
building or premises, if connected to the sewage system, or who would
pay or be legally responsible for such payments.
Person shall mean any individual, firm, company, association, govern-
mental agency, society, corporation, group or political subdivision.
pH shall mean the logarithm of the reciprocal of the weight of hydrogen
ions in grams contained in one liter of solution.
Premises shall mean all the parcels or land included in the city in a
single assessor's parcel number.
Primarily segregated domestic wastes shall mean that sewage which is
introduced into a building sewer and which contains no more than fifty
per cent (50%) industrial waste, prior to any intentional dilution.
-------
Properly shredded garbage shall mean the wastes from the preparation,
cooking, and dispensing of food that have been shredded to such a degree
that all particles will be carried freely under the flow conditions
normally prevailing in public sewers, with no particle greater than one-
half (1/2) inch (one and twenty-seven hundredths (1.27) centimeters) in
any dimension.
Public sewer shall mean a sewer in publicly owned land or easements
and controlled by the City of Rapid City.
Reserve capacity shall mean the unused portion of the Rapid City
Wastewater Treatment Plant capacity that has or will be formally set
aside for use by a specific industry, and is so identified by a formal,
binding agreement. The reserve capacity shall be subject to industrial
cost recovery.
Sanitary sewage shall mean the water-carried wastes from residences,
hotels, restaurants, eating houses, or from business establishments or
premises engaged solely in the sale, storage or repair of goods, wares
or merchandise, and which contains garbage, human wastes, or animal
wastes.
Sanitary sewer shall mean a sewer which carries sanitary sewage and
to which storm, surface and groundwaters are not intentionally admitted.
Sewage; See "Wastewater".
Sewage Treatment Plant (also wastewater facilities) shall mean all
facilities for collecting, pumping, transporting, treating and disposing
of sewage.
Sewer shall mean a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage.
Sewer use charge shall mean a monthly charge to all users of the
wastewater facilities which is based on sewage volume, strength and/
or flow.
Shall is mandatory. (See "May").
Significant Industrial User shall mean any user of the City's wastewater
disposal system who (i) is subject to National Categorical Pretreatment
Standards, (ii) has in its wastes toxic pollutants as defined by Section
307 of the Clean Water Act, or (iii) is found by the City, State, or EPA
to have significant impact, either singly or in combination with other
contributing industries, on the wastewater collection or treatment system,
the quality of sludge, the system's effluent quality, or air emissions
generated by the system.
-------
Slug shall mean any discharge of water, sewage, or industrial waste
in which concentration of any given constituents or in which quality of
flows exceed for any period of duration longer than fifteen (15) minutes
more than five (5) times the average twenty-four-hour concentration or
flow during normal operation.
Special sewer shall mean any sewer or storm drain constructed under
the authority of the City of Rapid City the cost of which was not directly
assessed to or borne by the abutting property and which has been or may
hereafter be designated as such "special sewer" by resolution of the
council.
State shall mean the State of South Dakota.
Storm drain (also storm sewer) shall mean a sewer which carries storm
and surface waters and drainage, but which excludes sewage and industrial
wastes other than uncontaminated cooling water.
Suspended solids (SS) shall mean total suspended matter that either
floats on the surface of, or is in suspension in water, wastewater, or
other liquids, and that is removable by laboratory filtering as prescribed
in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" and
referred to as nonfilterable residue.
Unpolluted water shall mean water of quality equal to or better than the
effluent criteria in effect or water that would not cause violation of
receiving water quality standards and would not be benefited by discharge
to the sanitary sewers and wastewater treatment fcilities provided.
Wastewater (also sewage) shall mean the spent water of a community.
From the standpoint of source, it may be a combination of the liquid and
water-carried wastes from residences, commercial buildings, industrial
plants, and institutions, together with any groundwater, surface water,
and stormwater that may be present.
Wastewater facilities; See "Sewage Works".
Wastewater superintendent shall mean the superintendent of the waste-
water system of the City of Rapid City or his authorized deputy, agent or
representative.
Wastewater treatment works; See "Sewage Treatment Plant".
Water superintendent shall mean the superintendent of the water system of
the City of Rapid City or his authorized deputy, agent or representative.
Watercourse shall mean a natural or artificial channel for the passage
of water either continuously or intermittently.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75; Ord. No. 1895, 9-17-79)
Sec. 30-230-12. Reserved.
-------
ARTICLE III. SEWAGE WORKS*
DIVISION 1. USE OF PUBLIC SEWERS REQUIRED
Sec. 30-113. When connection required.
The owner of any house or building occupied or used by any person and
located so that any part of such house or building is within two hundred
(200) feet of a public sewer, shall, within thirty (30) days from the
time of receiving from the city a written notice to do so, connect such
a house or building to a public sewer. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-114. Unsanitary disposal of waste prohibited.
It shall be unlawful for any person to place, deposit or permit in any
unsanitary manner on public or private property within the City of Rapid
City or in any area under the jurisdiction of said City of Rapid City
any human or animal excrement or garbage. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-115. Disposal of sewage to storm sewers or natural outlet
prohibited.
It shall be unlawful to discharge to any natural outlet within the
City of Rapid City or in any area under the jurisdiction of said City of
Rapid City any sewage or other polluted waters except where suitable
treatment has been provided in accordance with subsequent provisions of
this article. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-116. Septic tanks, etc., prohibited.
Except as provided in the plumbing code of the City of Rapid City
currently in effect, it shall be unlawful to construct or maintain any
privy, privy vault, septic tank, cesspool or other facility intended
for use for the disposal of sewage. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-117. Plumbing code applicable to private sewage systems.
All private sewage disposal systems shall conform with the City of
Rapid City Plumbing Code currently in effect and with the law of the
state. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-11830-126. Reserved.
DIVISION 2. BUILDING SEWERS AND CONNECTIONS
Sec. 30-127. Unauthorized manhole opening, connections or use.
No person except city employees or contractors directly employed by
the city who are authorized to do so by the director shall uncover,
make any connection with or opening into, use, alter or disturb any
public sewer or appurtenances thereof without first obtaining a written
permit from the director. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
-------
Sec. 30-128. Permit for sewer connection required.
A building sewer permit shall be obtained before installing building
sewer or connecting one to the public sewer. (Ord. No. 1496/ 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-129. Class of building sewer permits.
There shall be two (2) classes of building sewer permits. One class
shall be for residential, commercial, minor industrial, and institutional
service, and the other shall be for service to establishments producing
major industrial wastes. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-130. Application forms for sewer permits.
The owner or his agent shall make application for a building sewer
permit on a form furnished by the City of Rapid City. This form may be
combined with forms for other permits required by the city. The permit
application shall be supplemented by the plans, specifications or other
information considered pertinent in the judgment of the director. Approval
of the application shall be contingent upon payment of connection permit
fees to the City of Rapid City. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-131. Owner responsible for costs.
All costs and expenses incident to the installation, connection and
maintenance of the building sewer shall be borne by the owner. The owner
shall indemnify the City of Rapid City from any loss or damage that may
directly or indirectly be occasioned by the installation of the building
sewer. (Ord. No. 1406, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-132. Building sewer required for each lot.
A separate and independent building sewer shall be provided for every
lot except that joint use of building sewers may be permitted at the
discretion of the director for developments (such as condominiums) where
provisions have been made for joint maintenance by all owners served.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-133. Existing building sewers.
Old building sewers may be used in connection with new buildings only
when they are found on examination and testing by the director to meet all
requirements of this article. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-134. Reserved
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Sec. 30-135. Building sewer elevation.
Whenever possible the building sewer shall be brought to the building
at an elevation below the basement floor. In all buildings in which any
building drain is less than thirty (30) inches higher than the invert
of the public sewer, sanitary sewage carried by such building drain shall
be lifted by an approved means and discharged to the building sewer, or
the building drain shall include a check valve maintained by the owner.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-136. Surface runoff prohibited in sewer.
No person shall make connection of roof down spouts, foundation drains,
areaway drains, storm drainage, or other sources of surface runoff or
groundwater to a building sewer or building drain which in turn is
connected directly or indirectly to the public sanitary sewer or indus-
trial waste sewer. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-137. Inspection of building sewer construction.
The applicant for the building sewer permit shall notify the director
when the building sewer is ready for inspection and connection to the
public sewer. The connection shall be made during the presence and under
the inspection of the director or his representative. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-138. Reserved.
Sec. 30-139. Protective devices required.
All excavations for building sewer installations shall be adequately guarded
with barricades and lights so as to protect the public from hazard. The
permittee shall agree to assume responsibility for any public liability or
property damage which may result from the work. Streets, sidewalks, parkways,
or other public property disturbed in the course of the work shall be restored
in accordance with the design standards and standard specifications currently
in effect. Permits for building sewers shall also be considered as encroachment
permits as required in other sections of the City Code. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-140. Maximum size tap on six-inch line.
No tap larger than four (4) inches shall be made on a six (6) inch sewer
line. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-141. Manhole connections.
Any sewer connection larger than six (6) inches must be made by means of a
manhole. If a six (6) inch connection is needed on a six (6) inch sewerline,
such connection must be made by means of a manhole. All manholes must be
constructed to city specifications as required on new sewer lateral construc-
tion. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-14230-144. Reserved.
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Sees. 30-14530-160. Reserved
DIVISION 3. USE OF PUBLIC SEWERS
Sec. 30-161. Clean water prohibited from sanitary sewer.
No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged any storm water,
surface water, groundwater or uncontaminated industrial process water to
any sewer, except as allowed elsewhere in this article. (Ord. No. 1496,
1-21-75)
Sec. 30-161. Storm water disposal
Storm water and all other unpolluted drainage shall be discharged to
such sewers as are specifically designated as storm sewers by the director.
Industrial cooling water or uncontaminated process waters may be discharged
on written approval of the director to a storm sewer or natural outlet.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-163. Materials prohibited in sewers.
No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged to any public sewer
any materials which may cause interference with the operation or perfor-
mance of the treatment works, or which may pass through such treatment works
so as to cause the treatment works to violate terms of its discharge permit
or provisions of Federal, State or local laws. No person shall discharge
or cause to be discharged any of the following described waters or wastes
to any public sewers:
(a) Any gasoline, benzene, naptha, fuel, oil, or other flammable or
explosive liquid, solid or gas. Any liquid or vapor having a temperature
higher than 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Celsius). Any liquid or
vapor that causes the wastewater entering the Sewage Treatment Plant to
exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). The Prohibitive
Discharge Standard for these substances is zero discharge under all cir-
cumstances.
(b) Any waters or wastes containing toxic or poisonous solids, liquors
gasses in sufficient quantity (either singly or in interaction with other
wastes), to contaminate the sludge of any municipal system, to injure or
interfere with any sewage treatment process, constitute a hazard to humans
or animals, create a public nuisance, or create any hazard in the receiving
waters of the waste water treatment plant; including, but not limited to
the following:
mg/1
Pollutant Concentration
Copper (Cu) 0.5
Zinc (Zn) 0.5
Chromium (Hexavalent) 2.0
Chromium (Trivalent) 2.0
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mg/1
Pollutant Concentration
Total Chromium 5.0
Nickel (Ni) 0.5
Lead (Pb) 0.1
Boron (B) 1.0
Cadmium (Cd) 0.02
Silver (S) 0.03
Where an Industrial User is subject to Categorical Pretreatment
Standard(s) that control pollutants not enumerated above, or contain
limitations that are more stringent than indicated above, the Industrial
User is subject to the requirements of the Categorical Pretreatment
Standard(s). Under no circumstances shall the Industrial User achieve
compliance with the above limitations or Categorical Pretreatment
Standards by diluting its Industrial Waste with tap water, unpolluted
water, sanitary sewage, or any other liquid dilutent.
(c) Any waters or wastes having a pH lower than 5,0 or having any
other corrosive property capable of causing damage or hazard to
structures, equipment, or personnel of the sewage works.
(d) Solid or viscous substances in quantities or of such size capable
of causing obstruction to the flow in sewers or other interference
with the proper operation of the sewage works, such as, but not
limited to, ashes, cinders, sand, mud, straw, shavings, metal,
glass, rags, feathers, tar, plastics, wood, unground garbage,
whole blood, paunch manure, hair and fleshings, entrails, and
whole or ground paper, dishes, cups, milk containers, etc.
(e) Any pollutant, including oxygen demanding pollutants (BOD, COD, etc.)
released in a discharge to a Sewage Treatment Plant in such strength
or volume which the Industrial User knows or has reason to know will
cause interference in the Sewage Treatment Plant. (Ord. No. 1496,
1-21-75; Ord No. 1895, 9-17-79; Ord. No. 1947, 10-16-80; Ord. No.
2095, 1-1-82)
Sec. 30-164. Materials director may prohibit in sewers.
No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged into any sewer the
following described substances, materials, waters or wastes if it appears
likely in the opinion of the director that such wastes can harm the sewers
wastewater treatment plant processes or equipment, have an adverse effect
on the receiving stream; or can otherwise endanger life, limb, public
property or constitute a nuisance. In forming his opinion as to the
acceptability of these waters, the director will give consideration to
such factors as the qualities of subject wastes in relation to flows and
velocities in the sewers, materials of construction of the sewers, nature
of the sewage treatment process, capacity of the wastewater treatment plant,
10
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degree of treatability of wastes in the wastewater treatment plant, and
other pertinent factors. In all cases the Director shall require compli-
ance by the Industrial User with all aspects of applicaable Categorical
Pretreatraent Standards. The substances prohibited are:
(a) Any liquid or vapor having temperature higher than one hundred
four (104) degrees Fahrenheit (forty (40) degrees Celcius).
(b) Any water or wastes containing fats, wax, grease, or oils whether
emulsified or not, in excess of one hundred (100) mg/1 or containing
substances which may solidify or become viscous at temperatures
between thirty-two (32) degrees and one hundred fifty (150) degrees
Fahrenheit (zero (0) and sixty-five (65) degrees Celsius).
(c) Any garbage that has not been properly shredded. The installation
and operation of any garbage grinder equipped with a motor of three-
fourths (3/4) hp (seventy-six hundredths (0.76) hp metric) or greater
shall be subject to the review and approval of the director.
(d) Any waters or wastes containing strong acid, iron pickling wastes, or
concentrated plating solutions whether neutralized or not.
(e) Any waters or wastes containing iron, chromium, copper, zinc, and
similar objectionable or toxic substances; or wastes exerting an
excessive chlorine requirement, to such degree that any such material
received in the composite wastewater at the wastewater treatment
plant exceeds the limits established by the director for such materials.
(f) Any waters or wastes containing phenols or other taste or odor-producing
substances in such concentrations exceeding limits which may be estab-
lished by the director.
(g) Any radioactive wastes or isotopes of such half-life or concentration
as may exceed limits established by the director in compliance with
applicable state or federal regulations.
(h) Any waters or wastes having pH in excess of nine and five-tenths.
(9.5).
(i) Waste discharges which exert or cause:
(1) Unusual concentrations of suspended solids (such as, but not
limited to, fullers earth, lime slurries, and lime residues
and organic materials) or of dissolved solids (such as, but not
limited to starch, sugar, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate).
(2) Excessive discoloration (such as, but not limited to, dye wastes
and vegetable tanning solutions).
(3) Unusual BOD, chemical oxygen demand, or chlorine requirements in
such quantities as to constitute a significant load on the sewage
treatment works.
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(4) Unusual flows or concentrations of wastes constituting "slugs"
as defined herein.
(j) Waters or wastes containing substances which are not amenable to
treatment process employed, or are amenable to treatment only
to such degree that the wastewater treatment plant effluent cannot
meet the requirements of other agencies having jurisdiction over
discharge to the receiving waters. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75; Ord.
No. 2095, 1-1-82)
Sec. 30-165. Action resulting from deposit of deleterious wastes.
If any waters or wastes are discharge to the public sewers, which
waters contain the substances or possess the characteristics enumerated
in section 30-163 or 30-164 of this article, and which in the judgment
of the director may have a deleterious effect upon the wastewater facil-
ities, processes, equipment, or receiving waters, or which otherwise
create a hazard to life or constitute a public nuisance, the director may:
(a) Reject the wastes.
(b) Require pretreatment to an acceptable condition for discharge to the
public sewer.
(c) Require control over the quantities and rates of discharge.
(d) Require payment to cover the added cost of handling and treating the
wastes not covered by existing charges under any other provisions
of this article. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-166. Industrial Waste Permit.
(a) No Significant Industrial User shall discharge wastewater to the
public sewers without having a valid Industrial Waste Permit issued
by the Director. A permit may be required for any Industrial User
as deemed necessary by the Director.
(b) Industrial Users shall comply fully with the terms of their permits
in addition to the provisions of this chapter. Violation of a permit
condition is deemed a violation of this chapter.
(c) All Significant Industrial Users shall apply for an Industrial Waste
Permit within thirty (30) days after the effective date of this
provision. Other persons proposing to connect to the sewer system
and determined by the Director as requiring an Industrial Waste
Permit shall apply at least ninety (90) days prior to commencing
discharges to the public sewer. All permittees shall reapply for
a new permit between 90 and 180 days prior to the expiration of the
old permit.
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(d) All applications shall be in the form prescribed by the Director.
The application shall submit, in units and terms suitable for
evaluation, all information requested in the application form,
and any relevant supplemental information requested by the
Director.
(e) An applicant or permittee shall notify the Director of any new or
increased contribution of pollutants or changes in the nature of
pollutants not indicated in the permit application.
(f) Industrial Waste Permits shall include, but not be limited to,
the following terms:
(1) Prohibitions on discharge of certain materials, determined by
the Director pursuant to Section 30-164.
(2) Notice of the general and specific prohibitions required by
Section 30-163.
(3) Notice of applicable National Categorical Pretreatment
Standards, effective under Section 30-174.
(4) Requirements for installation of treatment technology necessary
to achieve compliance with the requirements of this Chapter
including, but not limited to, that which may be required by
the Director pursuant to Sections 30-165, 30-167, and 30-168.
(The design and installation of such technology shall be subject
to the review, inspection, and approval of the Director, and
is also subject to the requirements of all applicable codes,
ordinances, and laws).
(5) Compliance schedules as per Section 30-174.
(6) Monitoring, sampling, record keeping, reporting, notice, control
manhole, and measuring requirements specified under Sections
30-170 and 30-171.
(7) Special requirements regarding unusual strength sewage as per
agreement authorized by Section 30-173.
(8) Requirements for additional payments as per Section 30-165(d).
(9) Other conditions necessary to carry out the requirements of
this division and applicable Federal and State laws and regu-
lations.
(g) Permits are valid for five (5) years from date of issuance or permit
modification, whichever is later, unless revoked.
(h) Permits are not transferrable.
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(i) Permits may be modified for just cause upon thirty (30) days
notice. Just cause shall include, but not be limited to:
(1) Promulgation of a new applicable National Categorical Pre-
treatment Standard;
(2) Changes in the requirements of this ordinance.
(3) Changes in processes used by the permittee or changes in
discharge volume or character;
(4) Changes in design or capability of receiving sewage treatment
plant.
(j) Permits may be revoked for just cause including, but not limited to,
violation of any terms or conditions of the Industrial Waste Permit,
or any other violation of this ordinance; obtaining a permit by
misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts;
and false statements in any required report. (Ord. No. 2095, 1-1-82)
Sec. 30-167. Interceptors and dilution tanks.
The following regulations shall govern admission of industrial wastes to
the sewage works:
(1) Grease, oil and sand interceptors and dilution tanks shall be provided
when in the opinion of the director, they are necessary for the proper
handling of liquid wastes containing grease in excessive amounts or
any flammable wastes, sand and other harmful ingredients, except that
such interceptors or tanks shall not be required for private living
quarters or dwelling units.
(2) All interceptors shall be of a type and capacity approved by the
director and shall located under cover and so as to be readily and
easily accessible for cleaning and inspection. Interceptors shall
not be located so as to receive rainwater or unpolluted runoff.
(3) Grease and oil interceptors shall be constructed of impervious mater-
ials capable of withstanding abrupt and extreme changes in temperature.
They shall be of substantial construction, watertight and equipped
with easily removable covers which, when bolted in place, shall be
gastight and watertight.
(4) Where installed, all grease, oil and sand interceptors shall be main-
tained by the owner, at his expense, in continuously efficient oper-
ation at all times. Interceptors shall be cleaned at least once a
week.
(5) Failure by the owner to properly clean and maintain these units shall
be considered sufficient cause for disconnection of premises from
the public sewer, or punitive actions as provided for in this article.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
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Sec. 30-168. Screens required.
In plants processing fruits, vegetables and similar produce, screens
shall be provided when, in the opinion of the director, they are necessary
to reduce the concentration of industrial wastes to acceptable levels.
Screens shall be of a type and capacity approved by the director and shall
be located so as to be readily and easily accessible for cleaning and
inspection. Failure by the owner to properly clean and maintain these
units shall be considered sufficient cause for disconnection of premises
from the public sewer, or punitive actions as provided for in this article.
(Ord. No. 1946, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-169. Pretreatment facilities maintained by owner.
Where preliminary treatment or flow-equalizing facilities are provided
for any waters or wastes, they shall be maintained continuously in
satisfactory and effective operation by the owner at his expense. (Ord.
No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-170. Control manholes.
When required by the director, the owner of any property served by a
building sewer carrying industrial wastes shall install a suitable control
manhole on the building sewer to facilitate observation and sampling of
the wastes. Such manhole, when required, shall be accessible and safely
located and shall be constructed in accordance with plans approved by the
director. The manhole shall be installed by the owner at his expense and
shall be maintained by him so as to be safe and accessible at all times.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-171. Monitoring, Sampling, Record-keeping, Reporting, Notice,
Control Manhole, and Flow Measure Requirements.
(a) Industrial Users may be required, at their own expense, to install,
calibrate, use, and maintain monitoring equipment or methods neces-
sary to determine compliance with Pretreatment Standards and re-
quirements as specified by the Director.
(b) Industrial Users subject to National Categorical Pretreatment
Standards shall be required, and all other Industrial Users may be
required, to take samples of effluents in accordance with specified
methods at such locations, at such intervals, and in such a manner
as may be prescribed by the Director, which are necessary to deter-
mine compliance with Pretratment Standards and requirements.
(c) Industrial Users subject to National Categorical Pretreatment
Standards shall be required, and all other Industrial Users may
be required, to keep records as described in 40 CFR 403.12 (n).
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(d) Industrial Users subject to National Categorical Pretreatment
Standards shall be required and all other Industrial Users may
be required, to submit to the Director the reports described
in 40 CFR 403.12 (b), baseline report; 403.12 (c) (3), compli-
ance schedule progress reports; 403.12 (e), periodic reports
on continued compliance. Industrial Users shall also comply
with any additional requirements specified in an applicable
National Categorial Pretreatment Standard, or elsewhere in 40
CFR 403.12.
(e) Industrial Users shall notify the Director immediately of any slug
loading as required by 40 CFR 403.12 (f).
(f) The Director may require an Industrial User to install at its own
expense a suitable control manhole to facilitate observation and
sampling of industrial waste. Such manhole and any monitoring or
measuring devices required under paragraphs (a) or (g) of this
section shall be accessable and safely located and shall be con-
structed in accordance with plans approved by the Director. They
shall be of such design and construction as to prevent infiltra-
tion by ground and surface waters, or introduction of slugs or
solids to the sewer. The installation of screens with a maximum
opening of one inch, but of sufficient fineness to prevent the
entrance of objectionable slugs of solids to the sewer, may be
required. The facilities shall be so maintained by the person
discharging industrial waste that any authorized representative,
or employee of the city may readily and safely measure the volume
or obtain samples of the flow at all times.
(g) If not already required by this section, the Director may require
any Industrial User to install, at the owners expense, a suitable
device for continuously recording the flow discharged to the city's
sewer. The measuring device may be installed on the source of the
water to the industrial plant if that quantity is to be used as the
measurement for the sewage produced. If sufficient evidence is
presented to the Director that not all water used reaches the sewer,
an estimate will be made by the Director of the proper amount to
be deducted to compute the sewage flow. (Ord. No 2095, 1-1-82)
Sec. 30-172. Testing and sampling procedures.
All measurements, tests and analyses of the characteristics of waters
and wastes to which reference is made in this article shall be determined
in accordance with the latest edition of "Standard Methods of the Examin-
ation of Water and Wastewater," published by the American Public Health
Association, and shall be determined at the control manhole provided, or
upon suitable samples taken at said control manhole. In the event that
no special manhole has been required, the control manhole shall be con-
sidered to be the nearest downstream manhole in the public sewer to the
point at which the building sewer is connected. Sampling shall be carried
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out by customarily-accepted methods to reflect the effect of constituents
upon the sewage works and to determine the existence of hazards to life,
limb and property. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-173. Special agreements for unusual strength sewage.
No statement contained in this article shall be construed as preventing
any special agreement or arrangement between the city and industrial user
whereby an industrial waste of unusual strength, concentration or character
may be accepted by the city for treatment; subject to payment by the
industrial user of agreed additional charges. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-174. Authority to require compliance with Federal Categorical
Pretreatment Standards.
Upon promulgation of the Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standards
(authorized by Section 307 of the Clean Water Act) for a particular indus-
trial subcategory, the Federal Standard, if more stringent than the
limitations imposed under this Ordinance, or in the absence of the appli-
cable pretreatment limitations in this Ordinance, shall become applicable.
The director shall promptly notify all affected Industrial Users of the
reporting requirements contained in 40 CFR 403.12 and shall require that
such reports be signed by a duly authorized representative of the Industrial
User who certifies as to the completeness of the report.
The director shall have the authority to place all affected Industrial
Users on compliance schedules, receive and analyze reports on progress
toward compliance, and insure that all applicable Industrial Users install
the technology necessary to achieve the required levels of treatment
specified by the Categorical Pretreatment Standard on or before the dead-
line specified in the Standard. This authority shall also be applicable
to those Industrial Users who discharge substances identified as prohibited
discharges. (Ord. No. 1947, 10-16-80)
Sees. 30-17530-180. Reserved
DIVISION 4. SPECIAL SEWERS
Sec. 30-181. Designation of special sewer.
The city council may by resolution establish any public sewer (either
sanitary sewer, storm drain, or combined sewer) as a special sewer provided
that portions of the cost of said sewers were not directly assessed to or
borne by the abutting properties. Such sewers may be within the boundaries
of the city, within territory annexed to the city, or in areas outside the
city. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-182. Permit required to connect.
It shall be unlawful for any person to connect any building sewer to any
special sewer without a permit therefore having been first obtained from the
director. (Ord No. 1496, 1-21-75)
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Sec. 30-183. Application; issuance; fee.
(a) Application. Before a connection may be made to a special sewer/
a permit shall be secured from the director. Application for such
permit shall be made by applicant on forms furnished by the city,
giving such information as the director may require. This appli-
cation and form shall be in addition to the standard connection
permit required in section 30-128 of this article.
(b) Issuance. Upon such written application being made, the director
may issue a permit to make such sewer connection upon payment of
the fees provided in this article. Such permit may contain such
conditions and requirements as the director may determine to be
necessary for the protection of the city with respect to the
special sewer and such sewer connection.
(c) Special sewer fee. Upon the issuance of such permit, the applicant
shall pay a special sewer fee to the city at the rate established
by the resolution of the council in establishing the special sewer.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-184. Establishment of fees.
The special sewer fee rate for each special sewer shall be determined and
and established by the resolution of the city council which established
the special sewer. The rate of such special sewer fee may be determined
as follows:
(a) On a front foot basis,
(b) On a square foot basis for the property served,
(c) On a per connection basis,
(d) On a quantity or quality basis,
(e) On the basis of benefits to the property served, or
(f) On a combination of any one or more of such basis.
Nothing in this article shall change or affect any ordinances or regu-
lations pertaining to inspection, permit fees, connection fees, or the
actual construction of a special sewer connection presently constructed
or authorized. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-18530-190. Reserved.
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DIVISION 5. CONNECTIONS OUTSIDE CITY
Sec. 30-191. Approval required.
No sewer connection permit shall be issued after the effective date
of this article to serve any property located outside the corporate
limits of the City of Rapid City/ except with specific approval of
the city council. Such connections shall be authorized by resolution
and shall be subject to such terms, conditions and fees as the council
finds necessary or appropriate. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-19230-195. Reserved.
DIVISION 6. SERVICE CHARGES
Sec. 30-196. Tap fees.
If it is necessary to tap a sewer at any place other than where a "Y"
has been placed, the sewer department will make a tap after a regular
sewer connection permit has been issued at the following fees:
(1) Four-inch tap, eighteen dollars ($18.00).
(2) Six-inch tap, twenty-two dollars ($22.00). (Ord. No. 1496,
1-21-75)
Sec. 30-197. Industrial Waste Permit Fees.
Each permittee shall pay an annual fee of seventy-five dollars ($75.00).
Sec. 30-198. Connection fees.
Every application for a connection permit, submitted in accordance with
section 30-128, shall pay a fifteen dollar ($15.00) fee for each building
sewer connection. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-199. Sewer use charge.
(a) Minimum rate and monthly charge.
(1) All sewage and industrial waste conveyed to the waste water
facilities shall be paid for by the consumer or owner of
the premises served, at the minimum rate of forty-nine cents
($0.49) per one hundred (100) cubic feet of sewage for service
lines connected to city-owned mains and at the rate of ninety-
eight cents ($0.98) per one hundred (100) cubic feet of sewage
for service lines connected to city or private mains outside
the city limits. The rate to be paid for sewer service through
lines owned by a governmental entity other than the city shall
be established by contract.
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(2) The minimum monthly charge shall be one dollar ($1.00)
per sewer connection within the city and two dollars
($2.00) per sewer connection to privately owned mains
outside the city limits.
(b) Rate determination. The methods used for determining the sewer
use charge shall be as follows:
(1) Residential users. The account of sewage flow from resi-
dential connections shall be determined yearly from the
metered water during the months of December, January and
February as reflected in the January, February and March
water billings. The average monthly use during December,
January and February as reflected in the January, Febru-
ary and March water billings measured in one hundred's of
cubic feet, shall be multiplied by the applicable rate and
the product will determine the monthly sewer use charge
for the twelve-month period commencing after April 1st
for each year. New residential users or intermittent
users shall pay a sewer use charge based on the average
residential water use of eight hundred and sixty (860)
cubic feet per month per dwelling unit served; this
volume shall be used until the end of the next averaging
period (December, January and February). For any of the
three (3) averaging months in which the meter is not
actually read, the amount of eight hundred sixty (860)
cubic feet times the number of dwelling units shall be
inserted for that month to determine the average for the
three (3) months.
(2) Commercial and institutional users. The sewer use charge for
commercial and institutional connections shall be determined
by multiplying the monthly sewage volume in one hundred (100)
cubic feet by the rate established by subsection (a) of this
section per one hundred (100) cubic feet. The sewage volume
shall be determined from the monthly metered water unless
special allowances are made or the sewage is metered as pro-
vided herein.
(3) Industrial users. The sewer use charge for industrial connec-
tions shall be determined by multiplying the monthly sewage
volume measured in one hundred (100) cubic feet, by the rate
established by subsection (a) of this section per one hundred
(100) cubic feet whenever the BOD concentration is less than
two hundred fifty (250) mg/1 and the suspended solids concen-
tration is less than three hundred (300) mg/1, based on a
twenty-four-hour flow proportioned, composite sample. Whenever
the BOD concentration exceeds two hundred fifty (250) mg/1
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or the suspended solids concentration exceeds three hundred
(300) mg/1, based on a twenty-four-hour, flow-proportioned,
composite sample, the sewage use charge rate shall be
increased according to the following schedule:
Surcharge
($/100 cubic feet)
Suspended
BOD Solids
(c)
24-Hour
Composite Suspended
Concentration BOD Solids
(mg/1) Class Class
0~ 250 I A
250 300 II B
300 350 III C
350 400 IV D
400 450 V E
450 500 VI F
500 550 VII G
550 600 VIII H
600 650 IX J
650 '700 X K
700 750 XI L
750 800 XII M
800 850 XIII N
850 900 XIV 0
900 950 XV P
9501000 XVI Q
Greater than XVII R
1000
The sewage volume shall be determined from the monthly
metered water, including metered water from non-municipal
sources, unless otherwise required by section 30-171 or
unless special allowances are made or the sewage flow is
metered as provided herein.
The surcharge provided by this subsection shall not become
effective until the first water and sewer use charge billing
by the City of Rapid City on or after the first day of
April, 1976, such billing to include sewer use prior to
such date within the monthly billing period.
Special arrangements. Any commercial, industrial, and institu-
tional water receiving metered water for uses resulting in portions
of the water not going to the wastewater facilities may have its
sewer use charge adjusted by showing, at the owner's expense, what
percentage of the metered water is not received in the wastewater
facilities. The maximum allowance for irrigation shall be an
application rate of twenty-four (24) inches per year per square
foot of area being irrigated.
0
.0075
.0150
.0225
.0300
.0375
.0450
.0525
.0600
.0675
.0750
.0825
.0900
.0975
.1050
.1125
$0.0075
0
0
.0075
.0150
.0225
.0300
.0375
.0450
.0525
.0600
.0675
.0750
.0825
.0900
.0975
.1050
per each to
increment
21
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(d) Monitoring. All significant industrial users shall, at their
own expense, perform monitoring to determine their industrial
classification rate. Any industrial users choosing to monitor
its discharge may do so at their own expense.
(e) Exempt from monitoring. All minor industries shall be exempt
from self-monitoring for the purposes of this subsection.
(f) Sewage volume measurement.
(1) Any commercial, institutional or industrial user may choose
to measure the actual sewage flow in lieu of basing the
sewage use charge on the metered water. In such cases,
the conditions set forth herein shall apply.
(2) Any commercial, institutional or industrial user receiving
nonmetered water shall either install water meters for all
nonmetered sources or provide sewage flow measurement in
accordance to the conditions set forth herein.
(3) All meters for nonmetered water sources and sewage flow
measurement devices shall be installed in accordance with
plans and specifications approved by the director. All
costs for design and installation shall be borne by the
owner. The owner shall guarantee the city access to the
meter or meters for monthly meter reading.
(g) Review of each user's wastewater service charge. The city shall
review the total annual cost of operation and maintenance as well
as each user's wastewater contribution percentage not less often
than once a year and revise the system as necessary to assure
equity of the service charge system established herein and to
assure that sufficient funds are obtained to adequately operate
and maintain the wastewater treatment works. If a significant
user, such as an industry, has completed in-plant modifications
which would change the user's wastewater contribution percentage,
the user can present, at a regularly scheduled meeting of the
governing body, such factual information, and the city shall then
determine if the user's wastewater contribution percentage is to
be changed. The city shall notify the user of its findings as soon
as possible.
(h) Notification. Each user shall be notified annually, in conjunction
with a regular bill, of the rate and that portion of the user charge
which are attributable to wastewater treatment services.
(i) Failure to comply. Failure to comply with subsections (g) and (h)
above shall in no way be construed as to invalidate the rates.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75; Ord. No. 1519, 5-5-75; Ord. No. 1814,
8-15-78; Ord. No. 1857, 3-5-79; Ord. No. 1895, 9-17-79; Ord. No.
1947, 2-18-80)
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Sec. 30-200. Industrial cost recovery.
(a) Industrial cost recovery system. Each industrial user shall
participate in the industrial cost recovery system.
(b) Industrial user's wastewater contribution percentage.
(1) Volume contribution percentage. The director shall determine
each industry's average daily volume of wastewater discharged
to the wastewater facilities which shall then be divided by
the wastewater facility average daily flow design capacity
to determine each industry's volume contribution percentage.
(2) BOD contribution percentage. The director shall determine
each industry's average daily poundage of BOD discharged to
the wastewater facilities, which shall then be divided by
the wastewater facility's average daily BOD design capacity
to determine each industry's BOD contribution percentage.
(3) Suspended solids contribution percentage. The director shall
determine each industry's average daily poundage of suspended
solids discharged to the wastewater facilities which shall
then be divided by the wastewater facility's average daily
suspended solids design capacity to determine each industry's
suspended solids contribution percentage.
(c) Determining the annual industrial cost recovery amount.
(1) Each project separate. Each project funded with federal
construction grant money shall be treated as a separate cost
recovery project.
(2) Each project classified. Each project funded with federal
construction grant money shall be classified according to
wastewater volume, BOD, suspended solids and/or ammonia
nitrogen.
(3) Project cost allocation. The federal construction grant
amount allocable to each classification shall be determined
for each project.
(4) Each industrial user's industrial cost recovery project
amount. Each industrial user's contribution percentages
determined in (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3) (above), shall be
multiplied by the project cost allocation amount for volume,
BOD, and suspended solids, as determined in (c)(3) above,
respectively. The sum of the three (3) products shall deter-
mine each industrial user's cost recovery project amount.
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(5) Each industrial user's industrial cost recovery annual
payment. Each industrial user's cost recovery project
amount shall be divided by the industrial cost recovery
period to determine each industry's annual cost recovery
project amount. Each industrial user's annual cost
recovery amount shall be determined by adding all cost
recovery project amounts for that industrial user.
(6) Flat rate cost recovery charge. The director may assess
a flat rate cost recovery charge on all small industries
provided the director can demonstrate that the recovery
charge is fair and equitable and can demonstrate that it
would be administratively impractical to monitor the
industries.
(d) Review of the annual industrial cost recovery amount. The
director shall review the cost recovery system as well as
each industrial user's wastewater contribution percentage
on an annual basis to assure equity of the annual industrial
cost recovery system. If an industrial user has completed
in-plant modifications which would change that industry's
wastewater contribution percentage, the user can present
to the director such factual information and the director
shall then determine if the industry's wastewater contribution
percentage is to be changed. The director shall notify the
industry of the findings within thirty (30) days. (Ord. No.
1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-201. Billing.
(a) Sewer use charges. Sewer use billing shall be monthly and
shall be based on the rates determined in section 30-199.
The sewer use bill shall be submitted with the monthly water
bill and the provisions of sections 30-81, 30-83 and 30-86
shall apply.
(b) Industrial cost recovery charges. The city shall submit an
annual statement to each industry for the annual industrial
cost recovery amount. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-202. Utility board of appeals established.
There is hereby established for the City of Rapid City a utility
board of appeals to be composed of five (5) members all of whom
shall be legal residents of the City of Rapid City and shall serve
without pay. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
24
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Sec. 30-203. Appointment; terms of members; filling of vacancy.
(a) The mayor, with the approval of the common council shall appoint
each member of the board of a term of three (3) years provided
that upon organization of the board one member shall be appointed
for a three-year term, two (2) members for a two-year term and
two (2) members for a one-year term. Thereafter appointments
shall be made as they expire for the full term of three (3) years.
(b) All terms of office shall expire on July 1.
(c) In case of any vacancy in membership of the board due to death,
resignation, or otherwise, a successor shall be appointed persuant
to the requirements of this section to fill the unexpired portion
of the term of the member he replaces. If a member of the board
fails to attend three (3) consecutive meetings, his seat on the
board shall be termed vacant.
(d) Representation on the board of appeals shall consist of the
following: One member shall be a residential user, one member
shall be an industrial user, one member shall be a commercial
user, one member shall be an institutional user and one member
may be appointed without regard to the type of user he may be.
(Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-204. Purposes and powers.
The board shall hear all appeals filed with said board under this article
and any other section of the Revised Ordinances of Rapid City as may be
determined by the common council and any person who feels that they are
grieved by an decision of the director of public works under this article
may file an appeal with the board on the terms and conditions hereinafter
specified. The board shall have the power to adopt, amend or modify any
order or determination made by the director of public works or his designee
under this article. (Ord No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-205. Filing of appeals.
(a) Form of appeal. Any person entitled to appeal may do so by filing
at the office of the director of public works within ten (10) days
from the date of determination or order of the director of public
works or his designee and the appeal shall contain the following:
(1) A heading in the words: "Before the Utility Board of Appeals
of the City of ."
(2) A caption reading: "Appeal of " giving the
names of all appellants participating in the appeal.
25
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(3) A brief statement setting forth the legal interest of
each of the appellants in the building or the land in-
volved in the notice and order.
(4) A brief statement in ordinary and concise language of
the specific order or action protested, together with
any material facts claimed to support the contentions
of the appellant.
(5) A brief statement in ordinary and concise language of the
relief sought, and the reasons why it is claimed the pro-
tested order or action should be reversed, modified, or
otherwise set aside.
(6) The signatures of all parties named as appellants, and
their official mailing addresses.
(7) The verification (by declaration under penalty of perjury)
of at least one appellant as to the truth of the matters
stated in the appeal.
(b) Processing of appeal. Upon receipt of any appeal filed pursuant
of this article, the director of public works shall notify the
chairman and shall present the appeal at the next regular or
special meeting of the utility board of appeals.
(c) Scheduling and noticing appeal for hearing. As soon as practicable
after receiving the written appeal the utility board of appeals
shall fix a date, time, and place for the hearing of the appeal
by the board. Such date shall be not less than ten (10) days nor
more than sixty (60) days from the date the appeal was filed with
the director of public works. Written notice of the time and
place of the hearing shall be given at least ten (10) days prior
to the date of the hearing to each appellant by the secretary
of the board either by causing a copy of such notice to be deliv-
ered to the appellant personally or by mailing a copy thereof,
postage prepaid, addressed to the appellant at his address shown
on the appeal.
(d) Failure of any person to file an appeal in accordance with the
provisions of this article shall constitute a waiver of his right
to an administrative hearing and adjudication of the notice and
order, or any portion thereof.
(e) Scope of hearing an appeal. Only those matters or issues speci-
fically raised by the appellant shall be considered in the hearing
of the appeal.
26
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(f) Staying of order under appeal. Except for certain orders made
pursuant to this article, enforcement of any notice and order
of the director of public works or his designee issued under
this article shall be stayed during the pendency of an appeal
therefrom which is properly and timely filed. (Ord. No. 1496,
1-21-75)
Sec. 30-206. Procedure for conduct of hearing appeals.
(a) Hearing examiners. The board may appoint one or more hearing
examiners or designate one or more of its members to serve as
hearing examiners to conduct the hearings. The examiner hearing
the case shall exercise all powers relating to the conduct of
hearings until it is submitted by him to the board for decision.
(b) Record. A record of the entire proceedings ahll be made by tape
recording, or by any other means of permanent recording determined
to be appropriate by the board.
(c) Reporting. The proceedings at the hearing shall also be reported
by a phonographic reporter if requested by any party thereto. A
transcript of the proceedings shall be made available to all parties
upon request and upon payment of the fee prescribed therefor. Such
fees may be established by the board, but shall in no event be greater
than the cost involved.
(d) Continuances. The board may grant continuances for good cause shown;
however, when a hearing examiner has been assigned to such hearing,
no continuances may be granted except by him for good cause shown
so long as the matter remains before him.
(e) Oaths; certification. In any proceedings under this article, the
board, any board member, or the hearing examiner has the power to
administer oaths and affirmations and to certify to official acts.
(f) Reasonable dispatch. The board and its representatives shall
proceed with reasonable dispatch to conclude any matter before it.
Due regard shall be shown for the convenience and necessity of any
parties or their representatives.
(g) Form of notice of hearing. The notice to appellant shall be
substantially in the following form, but may include other infor-
mation:
"You are hereby notified that a hearing will be held before
(the board or name of hearing examiner) at
on the day of , 19 , at the
hour upon the notice and order served upon you. You
may be present at the hearing. You may be, but not be, repre-
sented by counsel. You may present any relevant evidence and
27
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will be given full opportunity to cross-examine all witness
testifying against you. You may request the issuance of
subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses and the
production of books, documents or other things by filing an
affidavit therefor with (board or name of hearing examiner)."
(h) Subpoenas
(1) Filing of affidavit. The board or examiner may obtain the
issuance and service of a subpoena for the attendance of
witnesses or the production of other evidence at a hearing
upon the request of a member of the board or upon the written
demand of any party. The issuance and service of such sub-
poena shall be obtained upon the filing of an affidavit
therefore which states the name and address of the proposed
witness; specifies the exact things sought to be produced
and the materiality thereof in detail to the issues involved;
and states that the witness has the desired things in his
possession or under his control. A subpoena need not be
issued when the affidavit is defective in any particular.
(2) Cases referred to examiner. In cases where a hearing is
referred to an examiner, all subpoenas shall be obtained
through the examiner.
(3) Penalties. Any person who refuses without lawful excuse to
attend any hearing, or to produce material evidence in his
possession or under his control as required by any subpoena
served upon such person as provided for herein shall be
quilty of a misdemeaner.
(i) Conduct of hearing.
(1) Rules. Hearings need not be conducted according to the tech-
nical rules relating to evidence and witnesses.
(2) Hearsay evidence. Hearsay evidence may be used for he purpose
of supplementing or explaining any direct evidence, but shall
not be sufficient in itself to support a finding unless it
would be admissible over objection in civil actions in courts
of competent jurisdictrion in this state.
(3) Admissibility of evidence. Any relevant evidence shall be
admitted if it is the type of evidence on which responsible
persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious
affairs, regardless of the existence of any common law or
statutory rule which might make improper the admission of
such evidence over objection in civil actions in courts of
competent jurisdiction in this state.
28
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(4) Oral evidence. Oral evidence shall be taken only an oath
or affirmation.
(5) Exclusion of evidence. Irrelevant and unduly repititious
evidence shall be excluded.
(6) Rights of parties. Each party shall have these rights,
among others:
(a) To call and examine witnesses on any matter relevant
to the issues of the hearing;
(b) To introduce documentary and physical evidence;
(c) To cross-examine opposing witnesses on any matter
relevant to the issues of the hearing;
(d) To impeach any witness regardless of which party first
called him to testify;
(e) To rebut the evidence against him;
(f) To represent himself or to be represented by anyone of
his choice who is lawfully permitted to do so.
(7) Official notice; what may be noticed. In reaching a decision,
official notice may be taken, either before or after submission
of the case for decision, of any fact which may be judicially
noticed by the courts of this state or of official records of
the board or departments and ordinances of the city or rules
and regulations of the board.
(8) Parties to be notified. Parties present at the hearing shall
be informed of the matters to be noticed, and these matters
shall be noted in the record, referred to therein, or appended
thereto.
(9) Opportunity to refute. Parties present at the hearing shall be
given a reasonable opportunity, on request, to refute the
officially noticed matters by evidence or by written or oral
presentation of authority, the manner of such refutation to
be determined by the board or hearing examiner.
(10) Inspection of the premises. The board or the hearing examiner
may inspect any building or premises involved in the appeal
during the course of the hearing, provided that (i) notice of
such inspection shall be given to the parties before the in-
spection is made, (ii) the parties are given an opportunity
to be present during the inspection, and (iii) the board or
29
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the hearing examiner shall state for the record upon completion
of the inspection the material facts observed and the conclu-
sions drawn therefrom. Each party then shall have a right to
rebut or explain the matters so stated by the board or hearing
examiner.
(j) Method and form of decision.
(1) Hearing before board itself. Where a contested case is
heard before the board itself, no member thereof who did
not hear the evidence or has not read the entire record
of the proceedings shall vote on or take part in the
decision.
(2) Hearing before examiner. If a contested case is heard by
by a hearing examiner alone, he shall within a reasonable
time (not to exceed ninety (90) days from the date the
hearing is closed) submit a written report to the board.
Such report shall contain a brief summary of the evidence
considered and state the examiner's findings, conclusions
and recommendations. The report also shall contain a
proposed decision in such form that it may be adopted by
the board as its decision in the case. All examiner's
reports filed with the board shall be matters of public
record. A copy of each such report and proposed decision
shall be mailed to each party on the date they are filed
with the board.
(3) Consideration of report by board; notice. The board shall
fix a time, date, and place to consider the examiner's
report and proposed decision. Notice therof shall be
mailed to each interested party not less than five (5)
days prior to the date fixed, unless it is otherwise
stipulated by all of the parties.
(4) Exceptions to report. Not later than two (2) days before
the date set to consider the report, any party may file
written exceptions to any part or all of the examiner's
report and may attach thereto a proposed decision together
with written argument in support of such decision. By
leave of the board, any party may present oral argument
to the board.
(5) Disposition by the board. The board may adopt or reject the
proposed decision in its entirety, or may modify the proposed
decision.
30
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(6) Proposed decision not adopted. If the proposed decision
is not adopted as provided in subsection (5), the board
may decide the case upon the entire record before it/
with or without taking additional evidence; or may refer
the case to the same or another hearing examiner to take
additional evidence. If the case is reassigned to a
hearing examiner, he shall prepare a report and proposed
decision as provided in subsection (2) hereof after any
additional evidence is submitted. Consideration of such
proposed decision by the board shall comply with the pro-
visions of this section.
(7) Form of decision. The decision shall be in writing and
shall contain findings of fact, a determination of the
issues presented, and the requirements to be complied
with. A copy of the decision shall be delivered to the
appellant personally or sent to him by certified mail,
postage prepaid, return receipt requested.
(8) Effective date of decision. The effective date of the
decision shall be as stated therein. (Ord. No. 1496,
1-21-75)
Sees. 30-20730-221. Reserved.
DIVISION 7. FUND HANDLING
Sec. 30-222. Use of fees.
(a) All connection fees and tap fees paid to the city pursuant to this
article shall be deposited into the general fund, but shall be
separately accounted for, and used for the purpose of providing
funds for payment of sewer and storm drain bonds.
(b) All sewer use charges, pretreatment permit fees, and ten per cent
(10%) of the industrial cost recovery fees paid to the city pursuant
to this article shall be deposited in a special wastewater facilities
account and used for the purpose of providing funds for payment of
wastewater facilities bonds, hereafter issued by the city for the
purpose of acquisition, construction and completion of wastewater
facility improvements and for the payment of costs of operation,
maintenance and repair of the wastewater facilities.
(c) Industrial cost recovery amounts.
(1) Federal share. Fifty per cent (50%) of the industrial cost
recovery amount shall be returned to the federal treasury
annually.
31
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(2) Retained amounts. The city shall retain fifty per cent (50%)
of the amounts recovered from industrial users. A minimum of
eighty per cent (80%) of the retained amounts shall be used
solely as indicated in section 35.-928-2 (contained in Appendix
B) of the Federal Register dated February 11, 1974. (Ord. No.
1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-22330-225. Reserved.
DIVISION 8. PROTECTION FROM DAMAGE
Sec. 30-226. Prosecution for damage to system.
No unauthorized person shall maliciously, willfully, or negligently break,
damage, destroy, uncover, deface, or tamper with any structure, appurtenance,
or equipment which is part of the wastewater facilities. Any person violating
this provision shall be subject to immediate arrest under charges of disorderly
conduct. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-22730-230. Reserved.
DIVISION 9. POWER AND AUTHORITY OF INSPECTORS
Sec. 30-231. Inspection of premises.
The Director and other duly authorized employees of the City bearing proper
credentials and identification shall be permitted to enter all properties for
the purpose of inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and testing to
determine compliance with the provisions of this chapter or any other permits
issued thereunder. The Director or his duly authorized representative shall
have the authority to examine and copy any and all records required to be
maintained by Industrial Users for the purpose of determining compliance
with Pretreatment Standards and Regulations. The Director or his representa-
tives shall have no authority to inquire into any processes including metal-
lurgical, chemical, oil, refining, ceramic, paper, or other industries beyond
that point having a bearing on the kind and source of discharge to the sewers
or waterways or facilities for waste treatment. (Ord. No. 2095, 1-1-82)
Sec. 30-232. Observance of safety rules.
While performing the necessary work on private properties referred to in
section 30-231, above, the director or duly authorized employees of the city
shall observe all safety rules applicable to the premises extablished by the
company, and the company shall be held harmless for injury or death to the
city employees, and the city shall indemnify the company against loss or
damage to its property by city employees and against liability claims and
demands for personal injury or property damage asserted against the company
and growing out of the gauging and sampling operation, except as such may
32
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be caused by negligence or failure of the company to maintain safe
conditions as required in this article. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-233. Credentials of city representatives.
The director and other duly authorized employees of the city bearing
proper credentials and identification shall be permitted to enter all
private properties through which the city holds a duly negotiated
easement for the purposes of, but not limited to, inspection, observa-
tion, measurement, sampling, repair, and maintenance of any portion
of the sewage works lying within said easement. All entry and subse-
quent work, if any, on said easement shall be done in full accordance
with the terms of the duly negotiated easement pertaining to the
private property involved. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-234. Public access to Information.
Any records, reports or information obtained under this article (1)
shall, in the case of Industrial User effluent data, be related to any
applicable discharge limitation or prohibition, or permit condition,
and (2) shall be available to the public except upon a showing satis-
factory to the Director by any person that such records, reports, or
information, or particular part thereof, (other than effluent data)
to which the Director has access under this article, if made public
would divulge methods or procedures entitled to protection as trade
secrets of such person. The Director shall consider such record, report,
or information, or particular portion thereof confidential in accordance
with the purposes of this article, except that such record, report, or
information may be disclosed to officers, employees or authorized repre-
sentatives of the State of South Dakota or the United States concerned
with carrying out the provisions of the Clean Water Act or when relevant
in any proceeding under this article or other applicable laws. (Ord.
No. 2095, 1-1-82)
Sees. 30-23530-240. Reserved.
DIVISION 10. PENALTIES
Sec. 30-241. Notice of violation.
Any person found to be viiolating any provision of this article, except
Division 7, shall be served by the city with written notice stating the
nature of the violation and providing a reasonable time limit for the
satisfactory correction thereof. The offender shall, within the period of
time stated in such notice, permanently cease all violations. (Ord. No.
2496, 1-21-75)
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Sec. 30-242. Violation a misdemeaner.
Any person who shall continue any violation beyond the time limit
provided for in section 30-241, above, shall be guilty of a misdeamor.
Each day in which any such violation shall continue shall be deemed as
a separate offense. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-243. Costs.
Any person violating any of the provisions of this article shall become
liable to the city for any expense, loss or damage occasioned by the city
by reason of such violations. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-24430-250. Reserved.
DIVISION 11. VALIDITY
Sec. 30-251. Validity.
The invalidity of any section, clause, sentence, or provision of this
article shall not affect the validity of any other part of this article
which can be given effect without such invalid part or parts. (Ord. No.
1496, 1-21-75)
Sees. 30-25230-255. Reserved.
DIVISION 12. IN FORCE
Sec. 30-256. Effective date.
The provisions of this article for the payment of fees shall take effect
April 1, 2975. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
Sec. 30-157. Publication.
The finance officer of the City of Rapid City is hereby directed to cause
this Ordinance [No. 1496] to be published by one insertion in the Rapid
City Journal, a newspaper of general circulation printed, published and
circulated in the City of Rapid City and hereby designated for that pur-
pose by said council of Rapid City. (Ord. No. 1496, 1-21-75)
34
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Exhibit IV Sewer Service Agreement
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SEWER SERVICE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
RAPID VALLEY SANITATION DISTRICT
AND
CITY OF RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA
This Agreement made as of the e2ct> day of UJcJ&diest^' , 198^, by and
between the City of Rapid City, a municipal corporation organized under the
laws of the State of South Dakota, hereinafter referred to as "City," and the
Rapid Valley Sanitary District, a Sanitary District organized under the laws
of the State of South Dakota, hereinafter referred to as "District."
RECITALS
1. The City has constructed and operates a sewage disposal system for
the purpose of collection, treatment and disposal of sewage;
2. The District has undertaken a project to construct a sewage collection
system in the Rapid Valley Sanitary District;
3. The District encompasses an area outside the corporate limits of the
City which is so situated that the sewage thereof becomes, or may become, a
menace to the residents of such area and to the residents of the City;
4. The District is empowered under SDCL 34-17-27 to enter into a contract
with the City to use the facilities of the City for the treatment and disposal
of sewage of the District;
5. The City and District desire to enter into a contract to allow the
District to use the sewage treatment and disposal facilities of the City, and
to establish rights and obligations incident thereto.
In consideration of the mutual covenants, agreements, and conditions
contained herein, City and District agree as follows:
SECTION ONE
DEFINITIONS
The following words, terms and phrases are hereby defined and shall be
interpreted as such throughout this Agreement. Terms not herein defined shall
have the meaning customarily assigned to them.
1. BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) shall mean the quantity of oxygen
utilized in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter under standard
laboratory procedure in five (5) days at twenty (20) degrees Celsius
expressed in milligrams per liter.
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2. Commercial or institutional users shall mean all nonresidential users
which introduce only sanitary sewage or primarily segregated domestic
wastes into a building sewer.
3. Industrial cost recovery shall mean recovery from the industrial users
of the Rapid City Wastewater Treatment System of the amount of Federal
grant money used for the purpose of constructing wastewater facilities
allocable to the transportation and treatment of waste from such
users.
4. Industrial User shall mean any nondomestic source regulated under sec-
tion 307(b), (c), or (d) of the Clean Water Act that introduces pollu-
tants into the City's or District's wastewater treatment works.
5. Industrial waste shall mean the water-carried wastes from industrial
manufacturing or industrial processing as distinct from sanitary sew-
age. It shall include the trade wastes produced by, but not limited
to, food processing and bottling plants, food manufacturing plants,
slaughtering plants, tallow works, plating works, disposal services,
industrial cleaning plants, fertilizer plants, car and truck washing
operations, laundries, cleaning establishments, cooling plants, indus-
trial plants, factories and chemical treatment installations.
6. Minor industrial users shall mean an industrial user not classified as
a significant industrial user.
7. National Categorical Pretreatment Standard or Categorical Standard
shall mean any regulation containing pollutant discharge limits pro-
mulgated by the EPA in accordance with Section 307(b) and (c) of the
Act (33 U.S.C. 1347) which applies to a specific category of Indus-
trial users.
8. Significant Industrial User shall mean any user of the City's or Dis-
trict's wastewater disposal system who (i) is subject to National
Categorical Pretreatment Standards, (ii) has in its wastes toxic pollu-
tants as defined by Section 307 of the Clean Water Act, or (iii)
is found by the District, City, State, or EPA to have significant im-
pact, either singly or in combination with other contributing indus-
tries, on the wastewater collection or treatment system, the quality
of sludge, the system's effluent quality, or air emissions generated
by the system.
9. Suspended solids (SS) shall mean total suspended matter that either
floats on the surface of, or is in suspension in water, wastewater, or
other liquids, and that is removable by laboratory filtering as pre-
scribed in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste-
water" and referred to as nonfilterable residue.
10. Wastewater (also sewage) shall mean the spent water of a community.
From the standpoint of source, it may be a combination of the liquid
and water-carried wastes from residences, commercial buildings, indus-
trial plants, and institutions, together with any groundwater, surface
water, and stormwater that may be present.
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SECTION TWO
USE OF TREATMENT PLANT
City hereby grants to District the right to discharge sewage into the
outfall sewer line of the City, and agrees to transport such sewage from the
point of entry to the wastewater treatment plant of the City, and to treat and
dispose of such sewage, all subject to the conditions contained herein. The
District may discharge its sewage into the City outfall line at four (4) connec-
tion points in such manner and under such conditions as prescribed by the City
Engineer. The District shall be responsible to provide the four (4) connection
points and no further connections to the City outfall line shall be made by
the District without approval of the City Engineer.
SECTION THREE
PRETREATMENT PROVISIONS
A. The District shall adopt and diligently enforce an ordinance which conforms
to 40 CFR §403.8(f)(l)(i-vii) Pretreatment Requirement of minimum legal
authorities, and which contain all other legal provisions mandated by this
Service Agreement. Also, insofar as the District chooses to administer
its own Pretreatment Program, the District shall formulate, fund and execute
programmatic procedures which will enable compliance with the "Procedures"
and "Funding" requirements contained in 40 CFR §403.8(f)(2) and (3) of the
Federal Pretreatment Regulations.
B. The District shall adopt and enforce in its ordinance the following provi-
sions: (i) a provision requiring any industrial user responsible for a
significant accidental discharge to notify immediately both the City and
the District; (ii) a provision precluding, except where authorized by Cate-
gorical Standard, the use of dilution to attain conformance to Pretreatment
Standards, and authorizing the District to develop mass limitations for any
industrial user using improper dilution; (iii) a provision forbidding and
penalizing the knowing transmittal of false information by an industrial
user to the City or District; and (iv) a provision granting the District
explicit authority to mandate the installation of all necessary monitoring
and pretreatment facilities by industrial users. The City and the District
shall consult and cooperate in the drafting of any supplemental amendments
to ordinance which are necessary to ensure the effective administration of
the overall Pretreatment Program.
C. The District shall adopt and enforce, in its ordinance, specific discharge
limits at least as stringent as those limits enumerated and described in
Sections 30-163 and 30-164 of the City ordinance.
D. Once promulgated, Categorical Standards for a particular industrial category
shall supersede all conflicting specific discharge limits as they apply to
that industrial category. The City shall notify all affected industrial
users of pertinent 40 CFR §403.12 reporting requirements.
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E. The City shall make the final determination, subject only to 40 CFR §403.6
Federal or State review, as to whether a particular industrial user is a
Categorical Industry. The City may request that the District collect and
forward to the City all information necessary to make this determination.
F. Using the definition contained in Section 30-1 of the City ordinance, the
City shall make the final determination as to whether a particular indus-
trial user is a significant industrial user. The City may request that
the District collect and forward to the City all information necessary to
make this determination. The District shall control, through permit, con-
tract or similar means, industrial waste discharges from each significant
industrial user which discharges into its community sewer system.
G. The District shall file with the City a certified copy of its industrial
waste discharge ordinance and any amendments thereto, and each industrial
waste permit or contract issued pursuant to the ordinance. The District
shall deliver to the City, in a timely fashion, copies of all industrial
monitoring reports, including 40 CFR §403.12 compliance reports. This
records requirement shall apply both to self-monitoring conducted by indus-
trial users in accordance with Federal, State or local requirements, and
to any compliance monitoring conducted by the District.
H. Any authorized officer or employee of the City may enter and inspect any
part of the community sewer system of the District. The right of entry and
inspection shall extend to public streets, easements, and property within
which the system is located. Moreover, the City shall be allowed, as appro-
priate, to enter on private property to inspect industrial waste discharges.
The District shall make all necessary legal and administrative arrangements
for the inspections. The right of inspection shall include onsite inspec-
tion of pretreatment and sewer facilities, observation, measurement, sampling
testing and access to all 40 CFR §403.12 compliance records located on the
premises of the industrial user.
I. The City and District may enter into a pretreatment agreement providing the
City with the legal authority to carry out technical and administrative
procedures necessary to implement a Pretreatment Program within the District.
These procedures may include, among others, updating the industrial waste
survey, providing technical services, such as process chemical analysis and
engineering advice, relating to the issuance of review of industrial waste
dicharge permits, inspecting and monitoring industrial waste discharges,
waste discharge facilities and operation of permittees, and providing tech-
nical assistance for local enforcement efforts. Where pretreatment delega-
tion occurs, the City shall bill the District for costs incurred by the
City in conjunction with the administration of the Pretreatment Program on
behalf of the District.
J. The City shall review the District ordinance and amendments thereto for
conformance to 40 CFR §302.8(f)(l)(i-vii) Pretreatment Requirements for
minimum legal authorities, and for the inclusion of all other legal provi-
sions mandated by the Service Agreement. The City shall periodically
review the enforcement efforts of the District to ascertain whether Pre-
treatment Requirements are being diligently enforced at the local level.
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Insofar as the District administers its own Pretreatment Program, the City
shall periodically review District programmatic procedures to ensure that
the District is administering its Pretreatment Program in technical confor-
mance to the "Procedures" and "Funding" requirements under 40 CFR §403.8(f)(2)
and (3) of the Federal Pretreatment Regulations.
K. Where a discharge to the City reasonably appears to present an imminent
endangerment to the health or welfare of persons, or presents or may present
an endangerment to the environment, and threatens to interfere with the oper-
ation of the City system, the City shall immediately initiate investigative
procedures to identify the source of the discharge, and take any steps
necessary to halt or prevent the discharge.
If necessary, the City shall seek injunctive relief against the District
and any industrial user contributing significantly to the emergency condi-
tion. In the case of a discharge which does not reasonably appear to
present an imminent endangerment to the health or welfare of persons, the
City shall provide formal notice to the District and to any industrial user
contributing significantly to the emergency condition, and an opportunity
to respond to the emergency condition.
L. If the District systematically fails or refuses to fulfill any pretreatment
obligations, the City may formulate and issue a remedy decree containing a
discussion of the nature of pretreatment violations, an enumeration of
remedial actions to be taken by the District and a time schedule for attain-
ing compliance with all Pretreatment Requirements. A reasonable remedy
decree shall be specifically enforceable in a court of competent jurisdic-
tion. Where the District fails to comply with the terms of the remedy
decree, the City may upon thirty (30) days written notice refuse to accept
any industrial waste discharges from the District.
M. The District shall indemnify the City for all damages, fines, and costs
incurred as a direct result of industrial waste discharge from the District.
The District shall reimburse the City for fines or costs stemming from
injury to City personnel, damages to City facilities, disruption of treat-
ment processes or operations, degradation of sludge quality, NPDES permit
violations, and other air, water and sludge quality violations.
SECTION FOUR
COMPENSATION FORMULA FOR USE OF CITY SYSTEM
The compensation provided herein is based on a study conducted by the
Rapid City engineering firm of Utility Engineering Corporation. This study
states the operation, maintenance, and repair costs for the existing sewage
treatment plant, the existing collection system and the bonded indebtedness
incurred by the City in the construction of the treatment plant.
The following figures are the estimated budget needs of the City in the
operation, maintenance, and repair of the treatment plant and collection system,
the amortization of the bonded indebtedness, and the capital improvements.
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USER CHARGE ALLOCATION COSTS PER 100 FT3 OF SEWAGE FLOW PER SERVICE CONNECTION:
OMR - Treatment Plant and Collection System $0.315/100 ft.3
AMORTIZATION $0.083/100 ft.3
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS $0.105/100 ft.3
PERCENT OF OMR TO TREATMENT PLANT - 76%
PERCENT OF OMR TO COLLECTION SYSTEM - 24%
PERCENT OF AMORTIZATION - 100%
76% x $0.2394
24% x $0.0756
100% x $0.083
100% x $0.105
The costs listed above used to establish the City sewer use charge of $0.49 per
100 cubic feet of waste water. In computing the compensation herein the total
costs of the OMR to the treatment plant plus the total costs of the amortization
plus ten percent (10%) of the OMR to the collection system, plus the total
costs of capital improvements were used.
A. OMR - Treatment Plant $0.2394
B. AMORTIZATION $0.083
C. 10% OMR - Collection System 0.10 x 0.0756 $0.0076
D. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS $QtlQ5
$0.435/100 ft.3 of
wastewater
SECTION FIVE
ANNUAL COMPUTATION OF FORMULA
The above-mentioned formula shall be reviewed by City and District on an
annual basis, such review to be completed by the 1st day of July of each year.
This review shall be conducted to reevaluate the basis of the above-mentioned
formula to insure that such formula represents the District's proportionate
share of the cost of additions to the Wastewater Treatment Plant; the cost of
operation, maintenance, and repair on the Wastewater Treatment Plant and addi-
tions; the cost of retirement of the bonded indebtedness of the City to cons-
truct the treatment plant; and the cost of the operation, maintenance, and
repair of the City collection system used by the District.
SECTION SIX
COMPENSATION AND RATE DETERMINATION
The District shall compensate the City for all sewage and industrial wastes
conveyed to the City Wastewater Treatment Plant by the District by using the
following methods of rate determination:
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A. Residential Users.
The amount of sewage flow from residential connections shall be determined
yearly from the metered water during the months of December, January and
February as reflected in the January, February and March water billings.
The average monthly water use during December, January and February as
reflected in the January, February and March water billings measured in
100's of cubic feet, shall be multiplied by $0.435 and the product will
determine the monthly sewer use charge for the 12-month period commencing
after April 1 for each year. The amount of sewage flow from new residential
users or intermittent users shall be based on the average water use of
eight hundred and sixty (860) cubic feet per month; this volume shall be
used until the end of the next averaging period (December, January and
February). For any of the three (3) averaging months in which the meter
is not actually read, the amount of eight hundred sixty (860) cubic feet
shall be inserted for that month to determine the average for the three
(3) months.
B. Commercial and Institutional Users.
The amount of sewage flow from commercial and institutional users shall be
determined from the monthly metered water used by such users unless special
allowances are made as provided herein or the sewage is metered as provided
for herein. The monthly sewer use charge for commercial and institutional
connections shall be determined by multiplying the monthly sewage volume
in 100's of cubic feet by $0.435 per one hundred (100) cubic feet.
C. Industrial users.
The amount of sewage flow from idustrial users shall be determined by
multiplying the monthly metered water using, including metered water from
nondistrict sources, unless special allowances are made or unless the
sewage flow is metered as provided herein. The sewer charge for industrial
connections shall be determined by multiplying the monthly sewage volume
measured in 100's of cubic feet, by $0.234 per One Hundred (100) cubic
feet whenever the BOD concentration is less than Two Hundred Fifty (250)
mg/1 and the suspended solids concentration is less than Three Hundred
(300) mg/1 based on a 24-hour flow proportioned, composite sample. Whenever
the BOD concentration exceeds Two Hundred Fifty (250) mg/1 or the suspended
solids concentration exceeds Three Hundred (300) mg/1, based on a 24-hour,
flow-proportioned, composite sample, the sewage use charge rate shall be
increased according to the following schedule:
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24-Hour
Surcharge
Composite Suspended
Concentration BOD Solids
(mg/1) Class Class
0 250 I A
250 300 II B
300 350 III C
350 400 IV D
400 450 V E
450 500 VI F
500 550 VII G
550 600 VIII H
600 650 IX J
650 700 X K
700 750 XI L
750 800 XII M
800 850 XIII N
850 900 XIV 0
900 950 XV P
9501000 XVI Q
Greater than XVII R
1000
($/100 cubic feet)
Suspended
BOD Solids
0
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0300
0.0375
0.0450
0.0525
0.0600
0.0675
0.0750
0.0825
0.0900
0.0975
0.1050
0.1125
$0.0075
0
0
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0300
0.0375
0.0450
0.0525
0.0600
0.0675
0.0750
0.0825
0.0900
0.0975
0.1050
per each 50
increment
D. Meter Readings.
It is understood by City and District that the District relies on the
users of its sewage system to report on their own water meter readings.
The Districct shall make a good faith effort to make actual meter readings
of residential users at the beginning and at the end of the three (3)
month estimate period. The District shall also make a good faith effort
to make periodic actual water meter readings of all sewer users.
E. Special Arrangements.
Any commercial, industrial, and institutional water receiving metered water
for uses resulting in portions of the water not going to the City Wastewater
Treatment Plant may have its sewer use charge adjusted by showing, at the
owner's expense, what percentage of the metered water is not received in
the Wastewater Treatment Plant. The maximum allowance for irrigation shall
be an application rate of twenty-four (24) inches per year per square foot
of area being irrigated.
F. Monitoring.
The District shall require industrial users who are declared industries to
perform monitoring, at their own expense, to determine their industrial
classification rate. Upon request of the City's Director of Public Works,
the District shall require the owner of any of the premises serviced by a
building sewer carrying over ten thousand (10,000) gallons per day of
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industrial waste to install a suitable device for continuously recording
the flow discharged to the City's sewer, together with a suitable control
manhole to facilitate observation ands sampling of the waste.
G. Exempt from monitoring.
All minor industries shall be exempt from self-monitoring except as provided
above.
H. Sewage volume measurement.
(1) The District may allow any commercial, institutional or industrial
user to measure its actual sewage flow in lieu of basing the sewage
use charge on the metered water. In such cases, the conditions set
forth herein shall apply.
(2) The District shall require any commercial, institutional or industrial
user receiving nonmetered water shall either install water meters for
all nonmetered sources or provide sewage flow measurement in accordance
to the conditions set forth herein.
(3) All meters for nonmetered water sources and sewage flow measurement
devices shall be installed in accordance with plans and specifications
approved by the director. All costs for design and installation shall
be borne by the owner. The owner shall guarantee the city access to
the meter or meters for monthly meter readings.
I. Control Manholes.
Upon request of the City's Director of Public Works, the District shall
require the owner of any property served by a building sewer carrying indus-
trial wastes to install a suitable control manhold on the building sewer
to facilitate observation and sampling of the wastes. Such manhole, when
required shall be constructed in accordance with plans approved by the
City's Director of Public Works.
SECTION SEVEN
RECORDS AND PAYMENT
The District shall maintain a monthly sewer charge record of each user who
conveys sewage and/or industrial waste to the City Wastewater Treatment Plant
using the methods of rate determination described above. The District shall
submit an accounting of the total usage and the total sewer use charges deter-
mined as described above, to the City on a monthly basis. The sewer use charges
in the District as determined above within thirty (30) calendar days after the
end of each month. The District shall compensate the City irrespective of
whether the District receives payments from its users.
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SECTION EIGHT
INDUSTRIAL COST RECOVERY SYSTEM
In the event an industrial user, as defined herein, shall desire to convey
industrial wastes to the Wastewater Treatment Plant of the City, this Agreement
shall be amended to include an industrial cost recovery system as provided in
Section 30-200 of Article III of Chapter 30 fo the Revised Code of Ordinances
of the City of Rapid City, South Dakota, a copy of which is attached hereto and
by reference made apart hereof. No industrial user will be allowed to use the
City's Water Treatment Plant until such industrial cost recovery system is
implemented by mutual agreement between City and District.
SECTION NINE
INSPECTIONS OF METERS AND RECORDS
It shall be the duty of the District to regularly inspect all water and
sewage meters to ensure that such meters are in good working condition. The
District shall require that each user conveying sewage and/or industrial waste
to the City Wastewater Treatment Plant shall guarantee to the City access to
all water and sewage meters for inspection at any time deemed necessary by the
City. The District shall allow the City to inspect its rcords on water and
sewage usage and billing at any time requested by the City.
SECTION TEN
ANNEXATIONS TO DISTRICT
The District shall not allow the use of the City Wastewater Treatment
Plant by anyone not within the boundaries of the Rapid Valley Sanitary District.
If the District should expand its boundaries, it shall not allow anyone within
the extention of such boundaries to convey sewage or industrial waste to the
City Wastewater Treatment Plant without prior written approval of the City Plant.
The present boundaries of the Rapid Valley Sanitary District are defined in
the map entitled "Boundaries of the Rapid Valley Sanitary District" attached
hereton and by reference made a part hereof.
SECTION ELEVEN
TEMPORARY DISCONTINUANCE OF SERVICE
The City reserves the right to temporarily discontinue service to the
District whenever it is necessary to ensure proper operation of the City sewer
system. No claims for damages for such discontinuance shall be made by the
District against the City.
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SECTION TWELVE
TERM AND TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
This Agreement shall be in full force and effect for a period of twenty
(20) years from the date of execution of this Agreement; however, either party
may terminate this Agreement upon one (1) year's written notice served upon the
other party by delivering the same to the Mayor of the City of Rapid City or the
Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the District, or at any time upon mutual
consent of both parties.
SECTION THIRTEEN
SALE OF SYSTEM ON ANNEXATION BY CITY
If the City annexes the area of land described below, or any portion
thereof, the District agrees to sell to the City, if the City desires to pur-
chase, that portion of its sewer system within the annexed area, the maximum
purchase price of such system to be the District's actual cost of construction
of such system, such cost being exclusive of any Federal monies used to finance
such construction. This section shall not be interpreted so as to require the
City to purchase such portion of the District's system upon annexation of the
area of land described below.
The area of land mentioned above is described as follows:
That area of land lying west of Sixteenth section line
that divides the east one-half and the west one-half of
the east one-half of Section Five (5), Township One North
(TIN), Range Eight East (R8E) of the Black Hills Meridian
(BHM), and which also lies north of the sixteenth section
line that divides the north one-half and the south one-half
of the south one-half of the above-mentioned section, that
is not a portion of the corporate limits of the City of
Rapid City, South Dakota, as of the date of execution of
this Agreement.
SECTION FOURTEEN
TERMINATION OF PRIOR AGREEMENT
This Agreement shall supersede and terminate all prior agreements between
the parties insofar as such agreements are inconsistent herewith; all other
agreements shall remain in full force and effect.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
consisting of eleven (11) pages, on the date first above written.
RAPID VALLEY SANITARY DISTRICT
"President, Board of Trustees
ATTEST:
CITY OF RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA
Mayor
ATTEST:
Finance Officer
(SEAL)
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PRETREATMENT AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
RAPID VALLEY SANITATION DISTRICT
AND
CITY OF RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA
This Agreement made as of the day of , 198_, by and
between the City of Rapid City, a municipal corporation organized under the
laws of the State of South Dakota, hereinafter referred to as "City," and
the Rapid Valley Sanitary District, a Sanitary District organized under
the laws of the State of South Dakota, hereinafter referred to as
"District."
The City and District hereby agree to cooperate in the effort to attain
full compliance with the requirements of the federal Pretreatment Regu-
lations and to establish a Pretreatment Program designed to facilitate
the safe and efficient handling of industrial waste discharges in the
District.
Using the Industrial Waste Survey and other pertinent information, the
City shall identify industrial users which may be subject to the POTW
Pretreatment Program. Using the Industrial Waste Survey, information
from permit applications, the results of preliminary inspection, surveil-
lance and monitoring and any other pertinent information, the City shall
determine the character and volume of pollutants contributed to the POTW
by the industrial users in the District. The City shall notify indus-
trial users in the District of applicable Pretreatment Standards and
applicable requirements under sections 204(b) and 405 of the Clean Water
Act and Subtitles C and D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Any compilation, index or inventory of industrial users subject to Pre-
treatment Standards or Requirements, or of the character or volume of
pollutants contributed to the POTW by these industrial users will be made
available upon request to the Approval Authority and to the District.
The District shall consult and cooperate with the City in the effort to
identify industrial users and determine the character and volume of pol-
lutants contributed to the POTW by these industrial users.
For the purposes of this Agreement, Approval Authority means the EPA
Regional Administrator for Region VIII.
After analyzing information provided by the Industrial Waste Survey,
industrial user permit applications and the results of any industrial
self-monitoring or compliance monitoring, the City shall make a formal
recommendation regarding the status of each industrial user permit
application. The recommendation should include an enumeration of all
permit conditions, including conditions relating to the installment of
monitoring or pretreatment facilities, necessary to enable compliance by
the industrial user with Pretreatment Standards and Requirements. The
City shall also make formal recommendations regarding the status of any
industrial user permit being considered for modification, renewal (after
expiration) or revocation. In all cases, the final determination regard-
ing the status of an industrial user's permit will be made by the District.
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The City shall receive and analyze all industrial user self-monitoring reports,
including, but not limited to, reports required by 40 CFR §403.12 of the Federal
Pretreatment Regulations. The City shall conduct random and investigative com-
pliance monitoring, including inspection, surveillance and monitoring, of indus-
trial users in the District to detect any noncompliance with Pretreatment Stan-
dards and Requirements. The District agrees to make all necessary legal and ad-
ministrative arrangements for these compliance monitoring procedures. The City
agrees to make available, upon request, to the Approval Authority and to the Dis-
trict copies of all industrial self-monitoring and City compliance monitoring
reports.
Where enforcement action becomes necessary, the City shall refer the case along
with documentation of the Pretreatment violation to the proper enforcement au-
thority in the District. At the same time, the City shall make a formal recom-
mendation regarding the technical and legal disposition of the alleged Pretreat-
ment violation. Where administrative hearings are held, the City shall provide
its factual findings and formal recommendation regarding the tehcnical and legal
disposition of the case. Generally, the City shall provide technical assistance
to any enforcement action against the industrial user undertaken by the District.
The City shall bill the District on a quarterly basis for the pretreatment costs
incurred by the City in conjunction with the adminstration of a Pretreatment
Program in the District. Also the City shall assist the District upon request
in establishing an equitable user fee system to defray the costs of operating
a Pretreatment Program for the District.
The City agrees to comply with the public participation requirements of 40 CFR
Part 25 and requirements contained in 40 CFR §403.8(f)(2)(vii), providing for
notice to the public of significant Pretreatment violations.
The terms of this Pretreatment Agreement shall not in any way impair the City's
right to seek contractual remedies contained in the Service Agreement.
This Pretreatment Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of five (5) years.
The Pretreatment Agreement shall be automatically renewed for an additional five-
year period unless either party provides at least six (6) months prior notice
of its intention to terminate this Pretreatment Agreement.
In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed this Agreement consist-
ing of two (2) pages, on the date first above written.
RAPID CITY SANITARY DISTRICT
CITY OF RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA
President, Board of Trustees
Mayor
ATTEST:
ATTEST:
(SEAL)
Finance Officer
(SEAL)
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Exhibit V Industrial Waste Permit
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INDUSTRIAL WASTE PERMIT
City of Rapid City
Company Name:
Mailing Address:
Address of Premises:
Telephone Number:
Name of Person to Contact:
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE TO THE RAPID CITY SEWER SYSTEM
is authorized hereby to discharge from
(company name)
: to the Rapid City Sewer System in accord-
(company address)
ance with all terms and conditions of Chapter 30 of the Rapid City Ordinance
and Exhibit I, both governing the use of the public sewer. This permit is
also granted in accordance with the application filed on , 19 ,
Exhibit II, and in conformity with plans, specifications, and other data
submitted to the City, all of which are filed with and considered a part of
this permit.
Effective this day of 19
Expires on the day of 19
Director of Public Works
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Exhibit I
INDUSTRIAL WASTE PERMIT CONDITIONS FOR
(Industry Name)
A. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. Violation from Discharge
All discharges authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms
and conditions of this permit. The discharge of any pollutant more
frequently then, or at a level in excess of, that identified and authorized
by this permit shall constitute a violation of the terms and conditions
of this permit. Such a violation may result in the imposition of civil
and/or criminal penalties as provided for in the Rapid City Code, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, and/or General Pretreatment Regulations.
2. Permit Modification, Suspension, Revocation
This permit may be modified, suspended, or revoked in whole or in
part during its term for causes incuding the following:
1. Violation of any term or condition of this permit;
2. Obtaining a permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose
fully all relevant facts in either the permit or any required
report;
3. Promulgation of a more stringent pretreatment standard by State
or Federal agencies having jurisdiction over receiving waters;
4. Changes in the processes used by the permittee or changes in the
discharge volume or character;
5. Changes in design or capability of receiving sewage treatment
plant.
3. Right of Entry
The permittee shall allow the City Public Works Director or his duly
authorized representative bearing proper credentials and identification:
a) To enter all properties for the purpose of inspection, observa-
tion, measurement, sampling and testing to determine compliance
with the provisions of this chapter; and
b) To examine and copy any and all records required to be maintained
by Industrial Users for the purpose of determing compliance with
Pretreatment Standards and Regulations.
The Director or his representative shall have no authority to
inquire into any industrial processes beyond that point having a bearing
on the kind and source of discharge to the sewers or waterways or
facilities for waste treatment.
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Exhibit I page two
4. Non-Compliance Notification
In the event the permittee is unable to comply with any of the
conditions of this permit, the permittee shall provide the Director
with the following information in writing within five (5) days after
commencement of such occurrence:
a. Cause of non-compliance;
b. Anticipated time the condition of non-compliance is
expected to continue, or if such condition has been
corrected, the duration of the period of non-compliance;
c. Steps taken by the permittee to reduce and eliminate the
noncomplying discharge; and,
d. Steps to be taken by the permittee to prevent recurrence
of the condition of non-compliance.
The City reserves all rights and remedies that it has under or
by reason of any statutory law, ordinance, or common law to cure any
breach of this agreement or to enforce any penalty for the breach
thereof.
5. Adverse Impact
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize any
adverse impact to the public treatment resulting from noncompliance
with any effluent limitation specified in this permit, including such
accelerated or additional monitoring as necessary to determine the
nature and impact of the noncomplying discharge. The permittee shall
notify immediately City Authorities of slug discharges, spills that
may enter the public sewer, or any other significant changes in opera-
tions, wastewater characteristics and constituents.
6. Facilities Operation
The permittee shall at all times maintain in good working order and
operate as efficiently as possible all treatment or control facilities
or systems installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance
with the terms and conditions of this permit.
7. Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in
the course of treatment or control of wastewaters shall be disposed of
in a manner such as to prevent any pollutant from such materials from
entering the City's sewerage system.
8. Transfer of Ownership or Control
In the event of any change in control or ownership of facilities
from which the authorized discharges emanate, the permittee shall
notify the City Director of such change and shall notify the succeeding
owner or controller of the existence of this permit by letter, a copy
of which shall be forwarded to the City Director.
-------
Exhibit I page three
9. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights in
either real or personal property, or any exclusive privileges, nor
does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of
personal rights, nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws
or regulations.
10. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision
of this permit, or the application of any provision of this permit to
any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to
other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit, shall not be
affected thereby.
11. Reapplication
If the permittee desires to continue to discharge after the
expiration of this permit, it shall reapply on the application forms
then in use at least sixty (60) days before this permit expires.
Under no circumstances shall the permittee continue to discharge after
the expiration of the permit.
B. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
1. Wastewater discharged into the sanitary sewer system shall not
have an average concentration (weighted according to flow) greater
than that listed for the substances below.
Pollutant Concentration
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
2. The following wastes are prohibited and shall not be discharged
into the City's sanitary sewer system:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
-------
Exhibit I page four
3. The above-named industry shall install and maintain on its own
premises monitoring facilities described as follows:
4. The above-named industry shall install and maintain necessary
wastewater treatment as required to comply with this permit and
all Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standards and subject to the
following conditions and following schedule for compliance:
Pretreatment Description:
Schedule for Compliance:
Activity Required Date
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. The industry named above shall sample and analyze its wastewaters
for the following pollutants and under the following schedules:
Pollutant Frequency/Year
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
6. The industry named above shall provide compliance, discharge, and
other technical reports according to the following schedule and conditions;
Reports Date of Submission
-------
EXHIBIT II
INDUSTRIAL SEWER USER PERMIT APPLICATION
1. a) NAME OF BUSINESS
b) MAILING ADDRESS
c) ADDRESS OF PREMISES
d) TYPE OF BUSINESS (Check)
Industrial [ ] Commercial [ ] Professional [ ]
e) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Federal SIC No.
f) PERSON TO CONTACT ABOUT THIS APPLICATION
PHONE
2. a) Method of Waste Disposal (Check)
City Sewer [ ] Septic Tank and Leaching [ ] Haul [ ]
(IF SEPTIC TANK IS CHECKED, GO TO ITEM NO. 7 AND RETURN FORM.
NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NEEDED)
b) Type of Waste Discharge: Domestic only [ ] Industrial & Domestic [ ]
(IF ANSWER IS "DOMESTIC ONLY," GO TO ITEM NO. 7 AND RETURN FORM)
3. a) DAYS OF OPERATION PER WEEK M T W TH F SA SU (Circle)
SHIFTS PER DAY
b) NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES Full-time Part-time
c) RAW MATERIALS USED (including average rate of usage)
d) PRODUCTS PRODUCED (type and rate of production)
e) PROCESS DESCRIPTION
-------
EXHIBIT II
4. a) WASTEWATER PRODUCING OPERATIONS (full description)
b) DURATION OF DISCHARGE
HOURLY PEAK
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
SANITARY, BOILER, COOLING WATER DISCHARGE FLOW
5. a) Attach site and/or floor plan of facility showing details of process
plumbing, sewer lines, connections and appurtenances.
b) If batch process used, describe procedures used to dispose of waste
material:
c) Describe any pretreatment, waste storage, spill control, or house-
keeping practices used or planned:
6. POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS1
Check pollutants found in facility's discharge from manufacture of product
or as byproduct and provide average concentrations (mg/1)
Group I
BOD Cyanide
TSS Fluoride
Dissolved Solids Sodium
Oil and Grease Sulfate
Chloride
If industry is governed by Federal Categorical Standards, provide
concentrations of discharge from regulated processes.
-------
EXHIBIT II
POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Group II2
Acid, alkaline or corrosive material
Metal solutions
Pesticides
Phenols and other toxic organic materials
Flammable or explosive materials
Radioactive materials
Large amounts of soaps or detergents
Dyes
Temperature over 160°F maximum or 120°F average
Group III
65 TOXIC POLLUTANTS LISTED IN CONSENT DECREE AND REFERENCED IN 307(a)
of the CWA of 1977
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin/Dieldrin
Antimony and compounds
Arsenic and compounds
Asbestos
Benzene
Benzidine
Beryllium and compounds
Cadmium and compounds
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorinated benzenes
Chlorinated ethanes
Chlorinalkyl ethers
Chlorinated naphthalene
Chlorinated phenols
Chloroform
2-chlorophenol
Chromium and compounds
Copper and compounds
Cyanides
Endrin and metabolites
Ethylbenzene
Fluoranthene
Haloethers
Halomethanes
Haptachlor and metabolites
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hydrocarbons
Isophorone
Lead and compounds
Mercury and compounds
Naphthalene
Nickel and compounds
Nitrobenzene
Nitrophenols
Nitrosamines
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
Phthalate esters
Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCB)
Polynuclear aromatic
(continued)
2 List specific pollutant
-------
Group III (continued)
EXHIBIT II
DDT and metabolites
Dichlorobenzenes
Dichlorobenzidine
Dichloroethylenes
2,4-dichlorophenol
Dichloropropane & Dichloropropene
2,4-dimethylphenol
Dinitrotoluene
Di phenyIhyd raz ine
Endosulfan & metabolites
Selenium and compounds
Silver and compounds
2,3,7,8,-Tet rachloro-
dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Tetrachloroethylene
Thallium and compounds
Toluene
Toxaphene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Zinc and compounds
List any other toxicants not covered in above groups known or anticipated to be
present in your discharge
7. The information contained in this application is familiar to me and to the
best of my knowledge and belief is true, complete, and accurate.
(Signature of official)
(Position)
Please return to;
Mr. John Healy
Superintendent
Wastewater Department
22 Main Street
Rapid City, S.D. 57701
-------
APPENDIX D
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
AND
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY
INFORMATION
-------
TABLE D-l
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS POTENTIALLY
DISCHARGED FROM INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
Table 1 lists the 34 categorical industries and the potential priority
9
pollutants that can occur in significant amounts in the wastewater discharged
from each group. This does not mean that every facility within a specific
group discharges that pollutant; it does mean that there is a high probability
that it will be discharged, based on a national survey of the industries con-
ducted by USEPA. In addition, it does not mean that other priority pollutants
will not be found in significant quantities, but that, in general, the manu-
facturing process and raw materials involved do not lead to the discharge of
these pollutants.
NOTE; The information in the table was developed from Industry Summaries
prepared by the USEPA, dated March 1979, from the published development docu-
ments for effluent limitations from industrial point source categories. This
information is subject to change and some industry groups may not be regulated.
-------
TABLE D-l
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
POLLUTANT FOUND IN
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS \.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
y,
p.
; i.
' 2.
13.
14.
. 5.
. b.
17,
19r
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
lib.
36.
37.
38.
"ii_
'0.
41.
42.
43.
'4,
'b.
47.
'8,
50,
Si.
52,
b.
54.
55.
56.
57.
b(i.
59.
60.
MI
62,
63,
64.
ib.
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonitrile
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetraehloride
chlorobenzene
.
1,2,4-tn'chlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
1,2-dichloroethane
1.1.1-trichloroethane
hexachloroethane
1.1-dichloroe thane
1,1,2-trlchloroe thane
1.1.2.2-tetrachloroethane
chloroethane
bisfchloromethvl ether
bis(2-chloroethv ) ether
2-rhloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)
2-chloronaohthalene
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
parachlorometa cresol
Chloroform (trichloronethanp)
2-ehlorcmhenol :
1.2-di chlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene.
1,4-dichlorobenzene
3,3'-dichlbrobenzidine
1,1-o'ichloroethylene
1,2-trans-dlchloroetnyiene
Z,4-dlchloropnenoi
1,2-dichloropropane
1,2-dichloroprooy' ene (1.3-dichloropropene)
2,4-dimethyl phenol
7,4-dinitrotoluene
2.6-dinitrotoluene
1.2-di phenyl hydrazine
ethyl benzene
luorathene
'-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-bromopnenyi phenyl ether
>1s(2-cnlorisopropyi J etner
bis(2-chloroetnoxy) methane
methvlene chlorite (diehlorome
methyl chloride chloromethane
methyl bromide ( >romome thane)
bromoform [tribrowomethanel
di ch 1 orobromome thane
trichlorofluoromethane
dichlorodi fluoromethane
chlorodibromomethane
hexac h 1 o rebut ad i ene
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
isoonorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
thane)
nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol
2, 4-di nitrophenol
4 . 6-di n 1 tro-o-cresol
N-ni trosodimethvlaniine
N-nitrosodiohenvlamine
N-ni tr05od1-n-Drnnv1amino
pentachl oroohenol
phenol
ADHESIVES j
0
ALUMINUM FORMING J
0
AUTO & OTHER LAUNDRIES j
BATTERY MANUFACTURING |
COAL MINING |
0
0
COIL COATING |
COPPER FORMING
ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS ]
0
0
0
ELECTROPLATING |
i
EXPLOSIVES MANUFACTURING |
-------
TABLE D-l (Continued) «
f~*
CO
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS §
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM M
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES j
<
u
M
05
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN 8
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY ' H
<
o
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS >v
66.
67.
68.
69.
/U,
;i.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
40.
81.
82.
83.
Wi
85.
86.
87.
88.
89,
90.
SI,
52.
??
94.
95.
96.
97.
?8.
99.
00.
PM
02.
.03.
M.
05.
06.
07.
108.
.09.
.10.
.11.
>l2i
114.
115.
lie.
117.
I1R,
Ik
l?n,
!?i.
i??.1
L23*
24.
25.
l?fi.
r?r
128.
129.
b1s(2-ethvlhexvl) oh thai ate
butyl benzyl ohthalate .
dl-n-butvl phthalate
d1-n-octyl ohthalate
dlethvl ohthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzo a anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
benzo a ovrene (3.4-benzoovrene)
3 . 4- benzof 1 uora nthene
benzo(k)f1uoranthane (11.12-benzofluoranthene)
chmene
acenaphthylene
anthracene
benzo{gh1)pery1ene (1.12-benzoperylene)
fluorene
phenanthrene
di benzo U.h (anthracene (l.2.5.6-d1benzanthracene)
Indeno (l,2,3-cd)oyrene (2,3-o-phenylenepyrene)
ovrene
tetrachloroethvlene
toluene
trichloroethylene
vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
aldrln " " "
dleldrln
Chlordane (technical nrfxtur* £ metaboHtesl
4,4T-DDT
4, 4'- IDE (D.D'-DDX
4.4'- )DD (p.p'-TDE
a-endosul fan-Anhaa
b-endolsul fan-Beta
endosulfant sulfate
endrln
endrln aldehyde
heotachlor
heptachlor epoxlde
a-BHC- Alpha
b-BHC-Beta
r-BHC-(11ndane)-&amna
g-BHC-Delta
PCB-1242 Arochlor : 242
PCB-1254 Arochlor : z5l
PCB-1221 Arochlor 1221
PCB-1232 Arochlor 1232)
PCB-1248 arochlor 1248
PCB-1260 Arochlor 1260
PCB-1016 Arochlor 1016
toxaohene
antimony (total)
arsenic (total)
asbestos (' ibrous)
beryllium total)
cadmium ("otal
chromium tota )
coooer totali
cyanide total
lead (total)
mercury (total)
nickel (total)
selenium (total)
silver (total)
thall urn (total)
zinc total)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n (TCDD)
ADHESIVES
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
ALUMINUM FORMING I
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
AUTO & OTHER LAUNDRIES I
O
o
o
0
BATTERY MANUFACTURING
O
o
o
o
o
0
COAL MINING I
0
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
o
COIL COATING I
o
o
0
COPPER FORMING I
o
o
o
o
o
o
ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS I
o
o
o
0
o
o
ELECTROPLATING I
o
P
o
o
o
o
o
EXPLOSIVES MANUFACTURING ' |
o
-------
-
TABLE D-l (Continued)
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS \^
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
n.
, 1.
12,
13.
14.
: 5.
16.
J 7.
18.
20.
Til'.
22.
23.
24.
S5'
26.
27.
28.
25.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44,
45.
46.
I 7.
'fl,
49.
50,
Si.
W.
53!
54,
56.
57.
58".
59.
60.
62.
63.
64.
65.
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrvlon1tr1le
benzene
benzldlne
carbon tetrachlorlde
chlorobenzene
1,2,4-tn chlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
,2-dlchloroethane
' .I.l-tr1chloroethane
hexachloroethane
Ijl»d1chloroethane
1,1,
1.1.
2-tr1chloroethane
Z, 2 -tetrachl oroethane
chloroethane
bls(chloromethyl)
b1s(2-chloroethv1
ether
) ether
2-chloroethvl vinyl ether (mixed)
2-chloronaohthalene
2,4,
T-trichlorooheno
parachlorometa creso
chloroform
( tr 1 ch 1 o rone thane 1
2-chloroohenol
l.2-d1 chlorobenzene
l,3-d1 chlorobenzene.
1,4-dl chlorobenzene
3,3'-d1chlbrobenz1dlne
l,l-
-------
TABLE D-l (Continued) j£
H
to
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS §
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM 5
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES j
i i
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN 8
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY H
CJ
PRIORITY
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
75.
76.
7).
78.
79.
86.
81.
82.
83.
^84.
r85.
86.
87.
88.
89 r
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
96.
99.
pp.
m.
OZ.
.03.
(U.
,05.
[06."
107.
108.
109.
110.
ill.
12.
3,
1:4.
115.
116.
117.
tfr
,20,
121.
122.
123.
[24,
125.
|?6t
|77
128.
129.
POLLUTANTS N.
b1s(2-ethv1hexyl) ohthalate
butyl
benzyl phthalate
di-n-butv
d1-n-octy
ohthalate
phthalate
d1 ethvl ohthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzol
tenZQi
a a
a D
ithracene
Tene
( 1 ,2-benzanthracene )
(3.4-benzoDvrene)
3.4-benzofluoranthene
benzo(k)fluoranthane (11
chrvsene
,12-benzofluoranthene)
acenaphthylene
anthracene
benzo(gh1)perylene
fluprene
(1,12-benzoperylene)
phenanthrene
dlbenzola
.hlanthracene (
Indeno (1.2.3-cd)pyrene
oyrene
.2.5.6-dlbenzanthracene)
2.3-o-phenylenepyrene)
tetrachloroethylene
tol uene
trlchloroethylene
vinyl
chloride
aldrln
(chloroethvlene)
dleldrln
chlordane
4j4'-DDT
4.4'-DDE
4.4'-DDD
a-endosul
(technical mixture A nwtaholltp*)
PtP'
PtP1
-DDX
-Ibt
an-Aohaa
b-endolsul fan-Beta
endosulfant sulfate
endrln
endrln aldehyde
heotachlor
heptachlor epoxlde
a-BHC-Alpha
b-BHC-Beta
r-BHC- ( 1 1 ndane ) -Samma
q-BHC-Delta
PCB-1242
PCB-1Z54
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
antimony
Arochlor 1242
Arochlor
Arochlor
Arochlor
1254
1221
1232
arochlor 1248)
Arochlor
1260)
Arochlor 1016)
!total)
arsenic (total
asbes
beryl'
AS
1um
cadmium (
chromium
'Ibrousl
total)
total
tota
)
coooer (total)
cyanide (total
lead (total)
mercury [tota'
nicke'
(total
selenium
:total)
silver (total]
JthaJi
zinc
uin
tota
i \
total )
2.3,7,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n (TCDD)
FOUNDRIES
O
o
o
GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS 1
o
o
o
o
INORGANIC CHEMICALS 1
O
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
w
u
H
°8
z
o
as
M
o
o
LEATHER TANNING & FINISHING 1
o
o
o
o
o
o
MECHANICAL PRODUCTS 1
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
NON-FERROUS METALS 1
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
e
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
ORE MINING & DRESSING i
o
o
o
ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1
o
o
o
o
o
e
e
e
o
i-t
H
M
a,
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
-------
TABLE D-l (Continued)
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
e POLLUTANT FOUND IN
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY
PRIORITY POLLUTANT \.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VI
8.
9.
l Vi
Iff
:?,
'3.
14.
15.
16.
I/,
jLi
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25,
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40,
41.
42.
43.
44i
46.
47.
48.
49.
50,
Si.
52.
53.
54.
1a5.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62,
M|
64.
55.
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrvlonltrlle
benzene
.
benzldlne
carbon tetrachlorlde
chlorobenzene
l,Z,4-tri chlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
j .2-dich
t
oroethane
chloroethane
hexachloroethane
I.l-d1 chloroethane
1,1,2-trlchloroethane
1.1.2
2 -tetrachl oroethane
chloroethane
v TTchToroniethvl
> ?(2.
chloroethv
ether
) ether
2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)
2-chloronaohthale
Z,4,6-tnchlorooh
parachlorometa cr
chloroform
(trlct
2-chloronhpnol
DP
eno
eso
orpmethanpl
l.2-d1 chlorobenzene
l,3-d1 chlorobenzene
l,4-d1 chlorobenzene
3,3'-d1chlbrobenzldlne
; ,l-d1chloroethyiene
;.,2-trans-d1chloroetnyiene
2.4-dlchloropnenoi
1,2-dlchloropropane
l,2-d1chloropropylene (l.3-d1chloropropene)
2, 4-di methyl phenol
^2,4-din1trotoluene
2.6-d"
l.2-d1
nltrotoluene
phenylhydrazlne
ethyl benzene
" uorathene
'-chlorophenyl phenyl
4-bromo
b1s(2-c
b1s(2-c
Tnethv
me thy
methy
phenyl phenyl
ether
etner
ilonsopropyl J etner
hloroetnoxy) metnane
ene chloride fdlehlornme
chloride (chloromethane
ihanp)
bromide (bromome thane)
bromoform (trlbromomethane)
dlchlorobromotne thane
trlchlorofluoromethane
dichlorodi fluortme thane
chlorodlbromomethane
hexach 1 o robutad 1 enp
hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Isoonor
naphtha
one
lene
nitrobenzene
nltrophenol
4-n1trophenol
Z.4-d1nitroohenol
4,6-d1n1tro-o-cresol
N-m trosod
N-n1trosod
netKv
ohenv
N*n1 trosod1~n*orc
ami
ie
amlne
ovli
imino
pentachl oroohenol
phenol
PESTICIDES
o
PETROLEUM REFINING
e
PHARMACEUTICALS
O
o
o
o
PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES
o
o
PLASTICS AND SYNTHETICS
e
o
o
PLASTICS PROCESSING
PORCELAIN ENAMELING
PRINTING & PUBLISHING J
PULP, PAPER, AND FIBERBOARD |
0
i
RUBBER ' J
-------
TABLE D-l (Continued)
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY j
PRIORITY POLLUTANT \
66.
67.
(tfi
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
'?
77.
78.
79.
M,
81.
toll
83.
W,
85,
86.
87.
88.
89,
90,
$1,
92.
?3,
§4.
9b,
$6.
H,
96!
99.
iPO*
^'
!65.
,03.
,04.
,OSt
,06,
.07.
.08.
109.
.10.
.11.
12.
J3.
14.
115.
L16.
L17.
,18,
119.
120.
121.
.22.
123.
L24.
125.
126.
27 '
28.
izi.
b1s(2-ethvlhexvl) ohthalate
butyl
benzyl phthalate
d1-n-buty-
di-n-octy
ohthalate
Dhthalate
dlethvl Dhthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzo
JjEnzfi
a (anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
alovrene
(3.4-benzoovrene)
3.4-benzofluoranthene
benzo(k)fluoranthane (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
chrvsene
acenaphthyjene
anthracene
benzo(gh1)pery1ene (1.12-benzoperylene)
fluorene
phenanthrene
d1 benzols
hlanthracene <
Indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene
ovrene
1.2.5.6-dlbenzanthracene)
(2.3-o-phenylenepyrene)
tetrachloroethvlene
toluene
trlchloroethylene
vinyl
chloride
aldrln
(chloroethvlene)
"
dleldrln
Chlorx
Jane
(technical mixture * metabolites)
JJ'ODT
w,-
4,4'-
3DE
)Db
a-endosul
D.P'-DDX]
p.p'-TDE)
an-Aohaa
b-endolsul fan-Beta
endosulfant sulfate
endrln
endrln aldehyde
heotachlor
heptachlor ecoxlde
a-BHC-Aipfta
b-BHC-Beta
r-BHC-( 11ndane)-Gamm»
o-BHC-Del ta
PCB-1242
PC§^1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
Arocl
Arocl
lor 1242
lor I5S4
Arochlor 1221)
Arochlor 1232
arochlor 1248
Arochlor 1260
Arochlor 1016
antimony (total)
arsenic (total)
asbestos
beryllium
cadmium (1
chromium
copoe
Ibrous)
total )
total
tota
)
r (total)
cyanide (total)
lead (total)
mercury (total)
nickel (t(
selenium
)tal)
total)
silver (total)
thallium (tola )
zinc
2,3,7
; total)
,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n (TCDD)
PESTICIDES
o
o
PETROLEUM REFINING |
o
o
o
PHARMACEUTICALS
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES J
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
o
e
o
PLASTICS AND SYNTHETICS j
o
o
o
0
e
o
o
PLASTICS PROCESSING |
0
o
o
PORCELAIN ENAMELING |
o
o
o
o
o
o
PRINTING & PUBLISHING I
PULP, PAPER, AND FIBERBOARD |
RUBBER ' j
o
e
-------
TABLE D-l (Continued)
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
CATEGORICAL INDUSTRY
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS \^
1.
2.
3.
I.
5.
?.,
i.
^.
9.
i
U
.
>
11
14.
5.
6.
_i 7-
_ 8,_
9,
20.
21.
22.
23^
24,
25,
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36,
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
'
-
/r
\m
49.
5
5
?i
..
52
51
54,
55.
56.
57.
56.
59.
66.
*rt
62,
63,
64.
65.
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonltrlle
benzene
benzldlne
carbon tetrachlorlde
chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
Ii2-
I.L
t icn
:-tr
oroethane
chloroethane
hexachloroethane
I.l-d1chloroethane
1,1,
1.1.
2-tr1chloroe thane
2,2-tetrachloroethane
cnloroethane
blsfchloromethvl
b1s(2-ch1oroethv
ether
) ether
2-chloroethvl vinyl ether (mixed)
2-chloronaohthali
2.4.
5-trichlorop
tenol
parachlorometa cresol
Chloroform (trlehloromethaniO
2-chl oronhenol
III'
1.3-
dlchlorobenzene
d1 chlorobenzene.
l,4-d1 chlorobenzene
3,3'-d1chlbrobenzid1ne
l,l-^1chloroethylene
1,2-trans-dlchloroetnyiene
z,4-dichioropnenoi
1,2-dlchloropropane
l,2-d1 chl oroprooylene ( 1 ,3-d1 chloroprooene)
2, 4-di me thy! phenol
i,4-din1trotoluene
2.6-
dlnltrotoluene
l.2-d1phenylhydraz1ne
ethyl benzene
^orathene
'-chlorot
4-bromopr
bis.
bis
(henyl phenyl ether
lenyl phenyl ether
2-chlorlsopropyi) etner
2-chloroetnoxy) methane
methvlene chloride (diehlornmei
methyl
methyl
chloride (chloromethane
thane)
bromide (bromomethane)
bromoform (trlbronomethane)
dlch
lo
-nl
)romomet
i«np
trlchlorofluoromethane
dlchlorodl fluorome thane
chl orodl bromomethane
hexacTT
hexach
orobutsriifnp
orocyclopentadlene
Isoonorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
nltrophenol
4-n1trophenol
2, 4-d1 nltrophenol
4,6-d1n1tro-o-cr
ssol
N- nl trosod Iras thilamine
N-n1
trosodlphenvlamlne
N-n1trosod1-n-orftnv1»m1no
pentachlorophenol
phenol
SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
STEAM ELECTRIC
TEXTILE MILLS
0
TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING
O
O
1
-------
TABLE D-lc. (Continued) cS
co
MATRIX OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS Q
POTENTIALLY DISCHARGED FROM H
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES j
<
o
M
OS
o POLLUTANT FOUND IN 8
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY H
<
o
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS \.
66.
67.
-jjgi
69.
70,
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
60,
81.
$2.
83.
"84i
85^
86.
87.
88.
89.
so!
SI,
92.
33.
94.
95.
96.
9\
98.
99.
00.
01.
02.
.03.
.04.
05T
06,
07!
1 08.
109.
110.
.11.
2.
:.a.
1:4.
115.
16.
17.
HRi
lit!
l?f)l
l?l.
122.
?3,
24,
?*!
l?fi.
1?B.
129.
b1sl2-ethvlhexvl) onthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate .
d1-n-butyl ohthalate
d1-n-octy1 phthalate
dlethvl ohthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzol a Anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
benzo(a)Dvrene (3.4-benzoDvrene)
3.4-benzofluoranthene
benzodOfluoran thane (11.12-benzofluoranthene)
chrvsene
acenaphthylene
anthracene
benzo(qh1)per.ylene (1.12-benzooerylene)
fluorene
phenanthrene
dlbenzofa.hlanthracene (1.2.5.6-dlbenzanthracenel
Indeno (1,2,3-cd pyrene (2.3-o-phenylenepyrenel
ovrene
tetrachloroethvlene
toluene
trichloroethylene
vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
aldrln ' ' "
dleldrln
chlordane (technical mixture & metabolites)
4,4T-DDT
4.4'-DDE D.D'-DOX;
4.4'-DDD p.p'-TDE
a-endosuV'an-Aohaa
b-endolsul fan-Beta
endosulfant sulfate
endrln
endrln aldehyde
heotachlor
heptachlor epoxide
a-BHC- Alpha
b-BHC-Beta
r-BHC-(lindane)-Gamma
g-BHC-Delta
Ptt-1242 i Arbchlor 1242;
PCB-1254 Arochlor 1254
PCB-1221 Arochlor 1221
PCB-1232 Arochlor 1232!
PCB-1248 arochlor 1248
PCB-1260 Arochlor 1260
PCB-1016 Arochlor 1016
toxaohene
antimony (total)
arsenic (total)
asbestos ("Ibrous)
beryllium total)
cadmium (':otal)
chromium total )
coDDer ( total )
cyanide (total)
lead (total)
mercury (total)
nickel (total)
selenium (total)
silver (total)
thallium (total)
zinc total)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n (TCDD)
SOAPS AND DETERGENTS I
0
O
o
o
6
STEAM ELECTRIC |
O
O
o
TEXTILE MILLS |
O
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Q
0
o
o
o
TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING J
O
O
o
-------
TABLE D-2
REGULATED INDUSTRIAL SUBCATEGORIES WITH ASSOCIATED SIC CODES
Industry Category
SIC Code
2891
Adhesives and Sealants
Aluminum Forming
Rolling with Emulsions
Rolling with Neat Oils
Extrusion
Drawing with Neat Oils
Forging
Drawing with Emulsions or Soaps
Coal Mining
Coal Preparation
Acid/Ferrugenous Mine Drainage
Alkaline Mine Drainage
Areas under Reclamation
Western Coal Mines
Coil Coating
Steel Basis Material Coating
Galvanized Basis Material Coating
Aluminum Basis Material Coating
Copper Forming
Hot Rolling
Cold Rolling
Extrusion
Drawing
Pickling
Alkaline Cleaning
Forging
Copper Foil Production
Electroplating
Electroplating of Common Metals
Electroplating of Precious Metals
Electroplating of Specialty Metals
Anodizing
Coatings
Chemical Etching & Milling
Electroless Plating
Printed Circuit Board
Chemical Matching
Immersion Plating
Pickling
Bright Dipping
Alkaline Cleaning
Source: Summarized from (1) "Summary of Paragraph 8 Exclusions," EGD, OWRS,
EPA, July, 1981; (2) Standard Industrial Classification Manual,
Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget,
1972.
3353, 3355
3353, 3355
3354
3353, 3355
3463
3353, 3355
1111, 1112, 1211, 1213
1111, 1112, 1211, 1213
1111, 1112, 1211, 1213
1111, 1112, 1211, 1213
1211, 1213
3479
3479
3479
3351
3351
3351
3351
3351
3351
3351
3351
3497, 3351
3471 & 3479
(Some industries within
these subcategories may
not be subject to regu-
lations)
-------
TABLE D-2 (Continued)
REGULATED INDUSTRIAL SUBCATEGQRIES WITH ASSOCIATED SIC CODES
Industry Category SIC Code
Foundries
Iron and Steel 3322, 3324, 3325
Copper 3362
Aluminum 3361
Zinc 3369
Lead 3369
Mangnesium 3369
Inorganic Chemcicals
Chlorine & Na or K Hydroxide 2812
Hydrofluoric Acid Production 2819
Na Dichromate & Sulfate Production 2819
Titanium Dioxide 2816
Aluminum Fluoride Production 2819
Chrome Pigment 2816
Copper Sulfate Production 2819
Hydrogen Cyanide Production 2819
Nickel Sulfate Production 2819
Sodium Bisulfite Production 2819
Soldium Silicofluoride Production 2819
Iron and Steel Manufacturing
(BAT subcategorization scheme)
Cokemaking 3312
Sintering 3312
Ironmaking 3312
Steelmaking 3312
Vacuum Degassing 3312
Continuous Casting 3312
Hot Forming 3312, 3315, 3317*
Scale Removal 3312, 3315, 3317l
Acid Pickling 3312, 3315, 33171
Cold Forming 3316
Alkaline Cleaning 3312, 3315, 3316, 33171
Hot Coating 3312, 3315, 33171
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Hair Pulp Unhairing with Chrome
Tanning and Finishing 3111
Hair Save Unhairing with Chrome
Tanning or Finishing 3111
Unhairing with Vegetable or
Alum. Tanning and Finishing 3111
Finishing of Tanned Hides 3111
Vegetable or Chrome Tanning of
Unhaired Hides 3111
Unhairing with Chrome Tanning and
No Finishing 3111
Shearing 3111
-------
TABLE D-2 (Continued)
REGULATED INDUSTRIES SUBCATEGORIES WITH ASSOCIATED SIC CODES
Industry Category
SIC Code
Metal Finishing/Mechanical Products
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Bauxite Refining
Primary Aluminum Smelting
Secondary Aluminum Smelting
Primary Copper Smelting
Primary Copper Refining
Secondary Copper
Primary Lead
Primary Zinc
Metallurgical Acid Plants
Primary Columbium Tantalum
Secondary Silver - Photographic
Secondary Silver - Nonphotographic
Primary Tungsten
Secondary Lead
Ore Mining and Dressing
Base and Precious Metals
(Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, Pt, Mo)
Ferroalloy Ores
Uranium, Radium, Vanadium Ores
Tungsten Ore
Nickel Ores
Vanadium Ore (non-radioactive)
Antimony Ore
Organic Chemicals Manufacturing
Processes with Process Water,
Contact as Steam Diluent,
Quench or Vent Gas Absorbent
Pesticides Chemicals
Large number of subcate-
gories including: 3411-29;
3432-66; 3482-3599; 3613-
23; 3629-39
2819
3334
3341
3331
3331
3341
3332
3333
3331, 3332, 3333
3339
3341
3341
3339
3341
1021, 1031, 1041, 1044,
1061
1061
1094
1061
1061
1094
1099
2865, 2869
Organic Pesticide Mfg.
Metallo-Organic Pesticides
Pesticide Chemicals Formulating
Petroleum Refining
Topping
Cracking
Petrochemicals
Lube
Integrated
2869, 28792
2869, 2879
2869, 2879
2911
2911'
2911
2911
2911
-------
TABLE D-2 (Continued)
REGULATED INDUSTRIES SUBCATEGORIES WITH ASSOCIATED SIC CODES
Industry Category SIC Code
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Fermentation Products 2833, 2831
Extractions 2831, 2833
Chemical Synthesis Products 2833
Mixing/Compounding - Formulation 2834
Research 2831, 2833, 2834
Plastics and Synthetics
Polyvinyl Chloride 2821
Polyvinyl Acetate
Polystyrene 2821
Polypropylene 2821
Polyethylene 2821
Cellophane 2821
Rayon 2823
ABS and SAN Resin - Copolymers 2821
Polyester 2821
Nylon 6 2821
Cellulose Acetate 2823
Acrylics 2821
Ethylene - Vinyl Acetate 2821
Polytetrafluoroethylene 2821
Polypropylene Fiber 2823
Alkyds & Unsaturated Polyester Resins 2821
Cellulose Nitrate 2821
Polyamide (Nylon 6/12) 2821
Polyester Resins (Thermoplastics) 2821
Silicones 2821
Porcelain Enameling
Steel 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639,
3469, 3479, 3431
Cast Iron Mainly 3631, 3431
Aluminum Mainly 3469, 3479, 3631
Copper Mainly 3479, Limited use
in 3469 and 3631
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard
Unbleached Kraft 2611
Sodium Based neutral Sulfite
Semi-Chemicals 2611
Ammonia Based Neutral Sulfite
Semi-Chemical 2611
Unbleached Kraft-Neutral Sulfite
Semi-Chemical 2611
Paperboard from Wastepaper 2631
Dissolving Kraft 2611
-------
TABLE D-2 (Continued)
REGULATED INDUSTRIAL SUBCATEGORIES WITH ASSOCIATED SIC CODES
Industry Category SIC Code
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard (Continued)
Market Bleached Kraft 2611
OCT Bleached Kraft 2611
Fine Bleached Kraft 2611
Papergrade Sulfite 2611, 2621
Dissolving Sulfite Pulp 2611
Groundwood - Thermo - Mechanical 2611, 2621
Groundwood - CMK Papers 2611, 2621
Groundwood - Fine Papers 2611, 2621
Soda 2611, 2621
Unbleached Kraft & Semi-Chemical 2611
Semi-Chemical 2611
Wastepaper - Molded Products 2646
Nonintegrated - Lightweight Paper 2621
Nonintegrated - Filter and Nonwoven
Papers 2621
Nonintegrated - Paperboard 2631
Drink
Nonintegrated Fine Paper 2621
Nonintegrated Tissue Papers 2631
Tissue from Wastepaper 2647
Papergrade Sulfite (Drum Wash) 2611, 2621
Steam Electric Power Generating
Generating Unit ' 4911, 4931
Small Unit 4911, 4931
Old Unit 4911, 4931
Area Runoff 4911, 4931
Textile Industry
Wool Scouring 2299
Wool Finishing 2231
Woven Fabric Finishing 2261, 2262, 2269
Knit Fabric Finishing 2251-59
Carpet Mills 2271, 2272, 2279
Stock and Yarn Dyeing & Finishing 2269
Nonwoven Manufacturing 2297
Felted Fabric Processing 2291
Timber Products
Wood Preserving - Boultonizing 2491
Wood Fuming and Fixtures (with 2511, 2512, 2517, 2521
and Without Water Wash Spray 2531, 2541
Booths or Laundry Facilities)
1 Mainly Zero Dischargers
2Low Flow or Zero Discharge
-------
APPENDIX E
DEVELOPMENT OF DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS
TO CONTROL INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
-------
APPENDIX E
DEVELOPMENT OF DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS
TO CONTROL INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A critical part of a municipality's task in developing a local pretreat-
ment program is the development of defensible numerical effluent limitations
on the discharge of incompatible pollutants. These limitations are often
incorporated directly into a municipal ordinance or are applied through indi-
vidual permits issued to nondomestic users of the sewerage system. Such
limits are needed to enforce the Prohibited Discharge Standards of the General
Pretreatment Regulations and to implement the three fundamental objectives of
the National Pretreatment Program:
To prevent the introduction of pollutants into the POTW which could
interfere with its operation
To prevent the pass-through of untreated pollutants which could violate
applicable water quality standards
To prevent the contamination of POTW sludge which would interfere with
selected sludge uses or disposal practices.
Locally developed limits are also necessary in cases where categorical
standards have not yet been promulgated for an industry, the industry is not
covered by categorical standards, or categorical standards are not adequate to
protect the treatment plant, receiving stream, or sludge.
This appendix is intended to assist reviewers in understanding the per-
tinent considerations in calculating limits to implement these three objec-
tives. The first section of the appendix outlines the general methodology for
determining allowable pollutant loadings, choosing the appropriate level of
protection, and allocating these loadings to dischargers. Sections 2, 3, and 4
present equations and guideline data that can be used to calculate the limit-
ing pollutant concentration at the influent to the treatment plant that will
protect the wastewater treatment processes, receiving water quality, and
sludge disposal options. Section 5 includes equations used for determining
E-l
-------
pollutant loads allowable from all non-domestic dischargers; Section 6 dis-
cusses considerations for allocating this pollutant mass loading to individual
dischargers; and Section 7 demonstrates the calculation of a discharge limit
for one pollutant, copper, using a hypothetical example.
The methodology described here for determining allowable influent concen-
trations and setting industrial effluent limits is widely known and accepted.
However, the basis for much of the material that appears in this appendix is
from a document originally prepared by the State of Indiana and the USEPA
Region V office. The original document has been reorganized and expanded to
facilitate a better understanding of the information.
1.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY
The impact of an incompatible pollutant on a POTW must be evaluated
simultaneously from the three fundamental program objectives described above.
The limit for the pollutant must then be set to ensure that all three objec-
tives are met. It should be pointed out that the limiting factor that meets
the most restrictive of the three objectives may vary from pollutant to pol-
lutant. For example, at a particular POTW, constraints on the land applica-
tion of sludge may limit the allowable influent concentration of cadmium,
while effects on water quality may limit the influent concentration of copper.
The hypothetical example provided at the end of this document will
demonstrate the effect of these limiting factors on the influent pollutant
limit for copper.
As a general procedure, influent concentration limits should be calcu-
lated for a particular pollutant based on each of the three factors (i.e.,
treatment processes, water quality, and sludge). The most stringent of the
three will determine the influent limit to be used for that pollutant. The
POTW will then have to translate that influent limit into discharge limits for
its industrial users that discharge the pollutant into its sewerage system.
Although this document provides specific data on only cyanide and nine
metallic pollutants, a POTW may receive other industrial pollutants with toxic
characteristics. Industrial surveys and/or POTW sampling, if done properly,
E-2
-------
should identify the existence of such pollutants. Calculation of limits for
such pollutants would follow the same general methodology as discussed in this
appendix, although inhibition and removal data would have to be developed from
other sources. It should be noted that this methodology does not account for
any cumulative, synergistic, or antagonistic effects that may occur when sev-
eral toxic pollutants are present simultaneously. Figure 1 is provided to
show an overview of the steps used in developing pollutant discharge limita-
tions. Table 1 provides definitions of all the symbols for concentrations,
percent removals, and flow rates used in the calculation of specific effluent
limits.
E-3
-------
FIGURE 1
Flow Chart of the
Basic Steps to Develop
Pollutant Discharge Limitations
Influent to POTW
1
Activated
Sludge
1
Anaerobic
Digestion
1
Water Quality
Standards
1
Sludge
Disposal
Determine
Inhibitory
Concentration
Value (C )
as
Calculate
Influent
Concentration
that is not
Inhibitory
To this Process
(C,) I
Determine
Inhibitory
Concentration
Value (Cad)
Calculate
Influent
Concentration
that is not
Inhibitory
to this Process
(VI
1. Determine WQS 1.
Calculate
Influent
Concentrat ion
that will
Protect Water
Quality (C3)
Determine
Sludge Disposal
Method
Calculate
Influent
Concentration that
will allow Disposal
Option
Select Most
Stringent Value
Calculate Load
Available for Industrial
Dischargers (L )
Allocate Load To
Industries By
Permit or Order
E-4
-------
TABLE 1.
DEFINITIONS OF SYMBOLS USED IN THE CALCULATION
OF LOCAL EFFLUENT LIMITS FOR INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
L = maximum daily mass loading (Ibs/day) to the activated sludge unit to
prevent inhibition of activated sludge
L. = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of activated sludge
L . = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the sludge
digestion unit to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
L- = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
L ££ = maximum allowable pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at the POTW effluent to
protect receiving stream's water quality
L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to protect quality of receiving stream
L(jg = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) in the digested
sludge based on sludge disposal criteria
L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent based on sludge disposal criteria
L = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to protect all factors (this is selected as the lowest value
of Lj, L2, L.J, and L^)
L = pollutant loading (Ibs/day) from nonindustrial sources
L- , = maximum pollutant loading (Ibs/day) allowable from industries
C = threshold concentration limit (mg/1) at the activated sludge unit
to prevent inhibition of activated sludge
C. = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW influent
to prevent inhibition of activated sludge
C , = threshold concentration limit (mg/1) at the sludge digestion unit to
prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
C~ = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW influent
to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
E-5
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TABLE 1. (continued)
DEFINITIONS OF SYMBOLS USED IN THE CALCULATION
OF LOCAL EFFLUENT LIMITS FOR INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
C cc «= maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW effluent
to protect receiving stream's water quality
C, = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1)at the POTW influent
to protect quality of receiving stream
C, = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW influent
based on sludge disposal criteria
C = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW influent
to protect all factors (this is selected as the lowest value of C,,
C2, C3, and C4)
C = in-stream water quality standard (mg/1)
C = background pollutant concentration (mg/1)
C. . = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) for industries
Q = POTW average influent flow rate (mgd)
Q2 = POTW average secondary flow rate (mgd)
Q . = average flow rate (mgd) into the anaerobic sludge digestion unit
Q = critical low flow (mgd) of receiving stream
Q. = POTW design flow (mgd)
Q = volume of digested sludge to be disposed of (mgd)
nonindustrial flow (mgd)
Q. , = total industrial flow rate (mgd)
Dilution Factor = Q _ + (Q. - Q )
str d s
-------
TABLE 1. (continued)
DEFINITIONS OF SYMBOLS USED IN THE CALCULATION
OF LOCAL EFFLUENT LIMITS FOR INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
R » typical POTW total removal rate for a specific pollutant, including
primary and secondary removal (expressed as a decimal)
8.34 = conversion factor
L = maximum metal addition allowed per acre by Federal and/or State
regulations
A = amount of acres committed for the land application of the digested
sludge
T = estimated time of site use (years)
D = percent solids in digested sludge
E-7
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2.0 PREVENTION OF INHIBITION OF TREATMENT PROCESSES
One of the primary objectives of the National Pretreatment Program is to
prevent the discharge to a POTW of incompatible pollutants that would inter-
fere with or inhibit the POTW's operation. In the case of cyanides, "heavy"
metals, and other toxic pollutants, treatment plant upsets could result if the
toxicity of the pollutant is great enough to inhibit the microbial activity of
the treatment system. This would cause a decrease in the pollution removal
efficiency of a biological treatment facility. Pollutant discharge limits
should be set to maintain the concentration of each toxic pollutant below the
inhibition threshold of the treatment unit.
2.1 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES
To calculate a discharge limit that will prevent inhibition of activated
sludge processes, it is necessary to start with the inhibition threshold
concentration (C ) for the pollutant of interest. Table 2 lists threshold
aS
concentrations for inhibitory effects of several metallic pollutants and
cyanide on activated sludge processes, nitrification processes, and anaerobic
sludge digestion. These inhibitory values are taken from technical literature
and the experience of States and municipalities. Plant-specific data for the
POTW's treatment plants would be more valid, but the Table may be used when
this information is unavailable.
Some qualifications to the data in Table 2 should be noted. The
concentrations reported in Table 2 are for the dissolved form of the metals.
If the actual proportion of dissolved to total metal is not known, these
values in Table 2 should be used in the calculation of pollutant limits
in place of concentrations of total metals.
E-8
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TABLE 2.
THRESHOLD CONCENTRATIONS* OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
THAT INHIBIT BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Toxic
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hex)
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Threshold of
Inhibitory Effect
on Activated Sludge
0.05 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
10 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
Threshold of
Inhibitory Effect
on Nitrification
0.1 mg/1
0.5 mg/1
0.5 mg/1
0.5 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
Threshold of
Inhibitory Effect
on Anaerobic
Sludge Digestion
1.5 mg/1
0.02 mg/1
100 mg/1
50 mg/1
10 mg/1
4 mg/1
10 mg/1
20 mg/1
^Concentrations are specified at influent of the unit process in dissolved
form.
References: (1), (3), and (5)
E-9
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Using this inhibition threshold concentration from the Table, the maximum
daily mass loading (L ) of the pollutant to the activated sludge unit to
^^__^__ iff flS -i-.-.-...-L. ... - _____ i _ ii ' - '
prevent inhibition can be calculated by:
Las '
-------
TABLE 3.
TYPICAL POTW REMOVAL RATES
FOR INCOMPATIBLE POLLUTANTS
Toxic
Pollutant
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Percent Removal Through
Primary Treatment
(Median Value)1
7
16
18
20
22
6
26
Percent Removal Through
Primary and Secondary Units
2
(Median Value)
50
71
82
56
57
51
32
76
References: (1), Vol. 1, page F-10
Reference: (2)
E-ll
-------
The maximum allowable pollutant concentration (C.) at the influent of the
treatment plant can be found by dividing the maximum influent pollutant
loading by the influent flow to the POTW:
Ll
(QX8.34)
Where: C - maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of activated sludge
L - maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of activated sludge
Q « POTW average influent flow rate (mgd)
8.34 « conversion factor
Either L., expressed in pounds, or C., expressed in concentration, can be
used as one of the bases for comparing treatment plant protection criteria
with alternative pollutant limits developed to achieve other objectives such
as protection of water quality and sludge quality.
2.2 ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION
To calculate a discharge limit that will prevent inhibition of anaerobic
sludge digestion, it is also necessary to start with the inhibition threshold
concentration (C ,) for the pollutant of interest (Table 1 or plant specific
&Q
data). From this concentration, the daily mass loading of the pollutant to
prevent inhibition of the anaerobic sludge digestion processes can be
calculated by:
Lad -
-------
8.34 = conversion factor for the weight (in pounds) of 1 gallon of
water
Next, the maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (L^) at the influent
of the plant to prevent inhibition can be obtained by adjusting for removal
through the entire plant. The calculation involves the total removal rate of
the primary and secondary units (plant-specific data is more valid, and should
be used by the POTW in deriving removal rates if available):
Lad
2* "t
Where: Lj = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the
POTW influent to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge
digestion
L . = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the
sludge digestion unit to prevent inhibition of anaerobic
sludge digestion
R.. = typical POTW total removal rate for a specific pollutant,
including primary and secondary removal (expressed as a
decimal)
The maximum allowable pollutant concentration at the influent of the
plant (C_) is obtained by dividing the maximum influent load (L?) by the
weight of the influent flow to the POTW:
C
2 (QH8.34)
Where: C? = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
L- = maximum allowable pollutant mass loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to prevent inhibition of anaerobic sludge digestion
Q = POTW average influent flow rate (mgd)
Again, either loading (L2) or concentration (C-) can be used as the basis
for comparing protection of anaerobic sludge digestion with alternative
pollutant limits developed to protect water quality and sludge quality.
E-13
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3.0 PROTECTION OF RECEIVING STREAM'S WATER QUALITY
The second objective of the National Pretreatment Program is to prevent
the pass-through of incompatible pollutants, which could violate applicable
water quality standards. Pollutant discharge limits should be developed to
ensure that water quality standards are not violated by the POTW.
EPA and State publications contain information on the effects of toxic
pollutants on receiving water quality. The main problems caused by toxic pol-
lutants are the restriction of domestic and industrial uses of surface water,
toxicity to aquatic organisms, and the accumulation of toxics in the food
chain. Also, there has been recent concern about trace organics that are
carcinogenic to humans. Exhibit A summarizes water quality criteria for 21
priority pollutants contained in EPA's Ambient Water Quality Criteria, Series
(1), as published in the November 28, 1980, Federal Register. These new cri-
teria have replaced those formerly established in the 1976 edition of Quality
Criteria for Water (the "Red Book"). The criteria were derived by using
"guidelines," which, theoretically, would ensure protection of aquatic health
and human health. Officially, the criteria are only recommended values; they
are not enforceable as water quality standards. However, they do provide
useful documentation in the interpretation of State water quality standards.
To calculate the maximum allowable pollutant loading to the POTW's treat-
ment plants that will protect the receiving water quality from degradation,
the POTW has to determine the in-stream water quality standard (C ) for the
pollutant of interest. This may be available from the State water quality
agency. Otherwise, data from Exhibit A may need to be used even though they
are not specific and may be too stringent. The maximum allowable pollutant
concentration in the POTW's effluent (C ff) can then be calculated, taking
into account the dilution factor of the receiving stream, as follows:
C ,, = (C HDilution factor)
err wq
Where: C ff = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW
effluent to protect receiving stream's water quality
C = in-stream water quality standard (mg/1)
wq -i j <=
E-14
-------
Dilution Factor = Q + (Q, - Q )
S L T* G S
Where: Q = critical low flow of receiving stream (mgd)
S L IT
Q, = POTW design flow (mgd)
Q = volume of sludge to be disposed of (mgd)
o
It is important to note that if a POTW does not operate near its design flow
(or capacity), then the actual flow (Q) must be used in place of Q..
The maximum allowable pollutant loading (L ff) at the POTW's effluent can
be calculated by converting concentration to mass, as follows:
Leff = (Ceff)(0-d - V(8'34)
Where: ^ ff ~ maximum allowable pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at the POTW
effluent to protect of receiving stream's water quality
C ff = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the
POTW effluent to protect receiving stream's water quality
Qd = POTW design flow (mgd)
Qo = volume of digested sludge to be disposed of (mgd)
S .
8.34 = conversion factor
The maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (L,) to the influent of the
treatment plant can be obtained by adjusting L -^ for removal of the pollutant
through the primary and secondary treatment processes of the POTW, as follows:
L3 = Leff
Where: L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the
POTW influent to protect quality of receiving stream
= maximum allowable pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at the POTW
effluent to protect receiving stream's water quality
E-15
-------
typical POTW total removal rate for a specific pollutant,
including primary and secondary removal (expressed as a
decimal)
Finally, the maximum allowable pollutant concentration (C,) at the
influent of the POTW can be calculated using the formula:
C
C3
(QH8.34)
Where: Co = maximum allowable pollutant concentration at the POTW influent
(mg/1) to protect quality of receiving stream
L* = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to protect quality of receiving stream
Q = POTW average influent flow rate (mgd)
E-16
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4.0 PROTECTION OF SLUDGE QUALITY
The last major objective of the National Pretreatment Program is the
generation of sludge that is compatible with the overall sludge management
program and consistent with the selected disposal option of the POTW. Pollu-
tant discharge limits should be calculated so that the POTW sludge remains
compatible with the selected disposal option. There are three basic methods
POTWs utilize for sludge disposal at the present time:
Incineration
Land fill ing
Land application.
Each of these methods has differing costs and benefits associated with
its use. For this reason, the required sludge quality and degree of pretreat-
ment needed will also vary.
4.1 INCINERATION
Incineration of sludges with high concentrations of priority pollutants
can volatilize organics and metals. Little information exists on the release
of these pollutants into the air during incineration. What is known about
incineration is that it is very expensive to operate and requires an air
pollution control permit. If incineration is the disposal option used, the
POTW should sample and analyze the resulting ash to determine if the ash
quality is compatible with its disposal method.
4.2 LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The determining factor for landfill disposal is whether the sludge is
classified as a hazardous waste. In order to assure that a particular sludge
is not a hazardous waste, the EP (extraction procedure) toxicity test must be
performed. Cadmium is the pollutant that most often causes a municipal waste-
water treatment plant sludge to be classified as a hazardous waste. When this
disposal method is used by the POTW, the sludge leachate should be sampled and
analyzed when there is a possibility that the leachate may contaminate or de-
grade groundwater or surface water resources.
E-17
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4.3 LAND APPLICATION
In order to predict the sludge quality needed for land application,
plant operational data must be analyzed, and land quality and quantity must be
determined. The POTW should know the general soil type and Cation Exchange
Capacity (CEC) of the land application site. Table 4 provides Federal
guidelines for loading limitations on land application of metal-containing
sludge. In addition, each State may have its own land application limita-
tions. Both Federal and State rules should be evaluated in determining neces-
sary sludge quality and allowable pollutant loads to the treatment plant.
These limitations should be utilized by the POTW to find the maximum metal
addition per acre (L) for a specific contaminant.
Once this loading limit is found, the amount of acreage available (A) and
the length of time of site use (T) must be determined so that the daily
loading limit of the pollutant in the sludge can be calculated as follows:
L
ds (TX365)
Where: L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) in the
digested sludge based on sludge disposal criteria
L = maximum metal addition allowed per acre by Federal and/or
State regulations
A = amount of acres committed for the land application of digested
sludge
T = estimated time of site use (years)
Next, the maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (L.) to the influent
of the treatment plant to ensure appropriate sludge quality for land applica-
tion can be calculated by adjusting for removal through the entire plant.
E-18
-------
Where: L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the
POTW influent based on sludge disposal criteria
L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) in the
digested sludge based on sludge disposal criteria
R = typical POTW total removal rate for a specific pollutant
including primary and secondary removal (expressed as a
decimal)
The maximum allowable pollutant concentration at the influent of the
plant (C,) can be found by dividing the maximum influent pollutant loading by
the weight of the influent flow to the POTW:
L4
C4 = (Q)(8.34)
Where: C. = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) at the POTW
influent based on sludge disposal criteria
L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at the
POTW influent based on sludge disposal criteria
Q = POTW average influent flow rate (mgd)
The amount of a specific pollutant (dry weight basis) expected to be
found in the digested sludge can be obtained from the following formula:
Sludge quality (dry weight in mg/kg) = L. /8.34/Q /D
Where: L, = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) in the
digested sludge based on sludge disposal criteria
Q = volume of digested sludge to be disposed of (mgd)
O
D = percent solids in digested sludge
E-19
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TABLE 4.
REQUIREMENTS FOR SLUDGE APPLICATION TO AGRICULTURAL LAND
PRIMARY REQUIREMENT - NITROGEN
1. Sludge application rates should provide total plant available nitro-
gen fertilizer requirement of the crop growth and the requirement to
prevent nitrate pollution of groundwater.
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS - TRACE METAL ELEMENTS
1. Maximum annual Cd loading:
Jan. 1, 1981 to Dec. 31, 1985 1.25 kg/ha
Beginning Jan. 1, 1986 0.50 kg/ha
2. Soil/sludge pH control
pH of sludge amended soil should be maintained at 6.5 or greater
3. Total cumulative metal loading (kg/ha):
Cation Exchange Capacity
(meq/100 gm)
Element 0-5 5-15 >15
Pb
Zn
Cu
Ni
Cd
500
250
125
50
5
1000
500
250
100
10
2000
1000
500
200
20
4. Cd/Zn ratio of sludge applied should be less than 0.015 in
naturally acidic soils.
Derived from Ref. (7).
E-20
-------
5.0 DISCHARGE LIMITS
At this point, the effect of a pollutant on treatment plant processes,
water quality, and sludge quality has been evaluated. Maximum allowable
pollutant concentrations (C., C-, C,, and C,) and allowable daily loadings
(L,, L?, L,, and L,) at the influent of the treatment plant have been
calculated to achieve each of the three protection objectives of the National
Pretreatment Program. To protect the most sensitive process or factor, the
most stringent of these levels should be chosen and used in further calcula-
tions of pollutant limits for industrial dischargers. Either the concentra-
tion (mg/l) or the loading (Ibs/day) can be used for comparison. The results
of this comparison would be:
Cg = maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/l) at the POTW
influent to protect all factors (this is selected as the lowest
value of C., C2, C-, and C,); and
L = maximum allowable daily pollutant loading (Ibs/day) to the POTW
influent to protect all factors (this is selected as the lowest
value of L., L~, L,, and L,).
The maximum pollutant loading that can be discharged by industrial users
into the sewerage system is determined by subtracting the background pollutant
loading from nonindustrial sources in the system from the maximum allowable
pollutant loading at the POTW's influent. Table 5 gives data on background
concentrations of various pollutants in raw sewage coming from domestic and
other nonindustrial sources. The background concentrations for these
pollutants are characteristic of nonindustrial sewage. Sampling and analysis
of nonindustrial interceptors to the treatment system should be conducted to
provide more specific data on background concentrations. The pollutant
loading from nonindustrial sources (L ) is calculated by multiplying the
background pollutant concentration (C ) (found in Table 5) times the
non
nonindustrial flow (Qno_) times 8.34.
Lnon
E-21
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TABLE 5.
TYPICAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS* OF
TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN NONINDUSTRIAL SEWAGE (C )
(INCLUDES DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL SEWAGE?°n
Toxic Pollutant "Background" Concentration
Arsenic 0.014 mg/1
Cadmium 0.01 mg/1
Chromium (total) 0.2 mg/1
Chromium (hex) 0.2 mg/1
Copper 0.1 mg/1
Cyanide 0.025 mg/1
Lead 0.1 mg/1
Nickel 0.05 mg/1
Zinc 0.5 mg/1
^Concentrations are total pollutants except where otherwise indicated.
References: (4) and (5)
E-22
-------
Then maximum pollutant loading from industries (L£n and 1^)
= pollutant loading (Ibs/day) from nonindustrial sources
= background pollutant concentration (mg/1)
Assuming the POTW wants to apply the same concentration-based limit to all
industrial dischargers into the sewer system, the maximum allowable pollutant
loading from industries (L. ,) can be converted into the maximum allowable
pollutant concentration for industry by dividing by the weight of the indus-
trial flow.
Cind
Lind
(8.34) (Qind)
Where: C. .
ind
Lind
4nd
maximum allowable pollutant concentration (mg/1) for
industries
maximum pollutant loading (Ibs/day) allowable from industries
total industrial flow rate (mgd)
E-23
-------
6.0 ALLOCATION OF THE POLLUTANT LOAD TO INDUSTRY
The final step in the process of setting effluent limitations is to
allocate the maximum pollutant loading to the treatment plant to the
individual industrial dischargers. This may be accomplished in several
ways, as discussed below.
6.1 ALTERNATIVE METHODS
Single concentration or mass limit; A single concentration or mass
limitation can be established, which no industrial user can exceed,
and, when domestic contribution is taken into account, will not exceed
the allowable influent loading. This method corresponds to the
example calculation shown in Section 5 of the appendix. A single
limit for all users may be easier to regulate and enforce.
Proportionate; Allocation can be accomplished proportionately, using
each industrial user's flow rate to divide up the allowable pollutant
discharge. However, if the flow is based on water usage, this method
penalizes the industrial user that recycles or reuses some portion of
its wastewater. This method may be desirable when there are only a
few dischargers of a given pollutant in the entire industrial com-
munity.
Technology-based; Technology-based limitations are developed by
considering wastewater treatment systems for each particular indus-
trial user that are best suited to that IU's wastewater. Information
on state-of-the art treatment system performance can be obtained from
development documents and contractor's documents supporting effluent
limitations guidelines and standards.
6.2 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Growth - Expansion must also be considered in the POTW service area
when allocating pollutant loading. Expansion can include domestic
contributions where future population growth can cause overloads of
compatible pollutants, as well as future industrial contribution. If
land has been zoned for industrial parks or other developments, POTWs
must allocate a certain portion of the allowable influent loading to
this planned expansion.
Design - Proposed or planned design changes in the treatment plant
should be taken into account when developing and setting industrial
effluent limitations. For example, nitrification is a more sensitive
process than activated sludge for some pollutants. A POTW planning to
upgrade would need to develop protection criteria for this process if
it is the limiting factor for some pollutants. Industrial discharge
limits might then have to be made more stringent to protect the new
E-24
-------
design. Industrial users should be kept informed of such plans and
developments so that pretreatment technologies can be kept appropriate
over time.
E-25
-------
7.0 A HYPOTHETICAL POTW EXAMPLE
For reasons of brevity and simplicity, this example of calculating the
allowable influent loading to a POTW only addresses one pollutant, copper.
However, since the appropriate data is provided to calculate discharge limits
for several other pollutants of concern, Table 6 presents the calculated
results for these pollutants. Calculations for these pollutants of concern
are not shown.
The hypothetical POTW utilizes an activated sludge unit for secondary
treatment and anaerobic digestion of sludge. POTW sludge is applied on nearby
farmland. The relevant data for the POTW are:
Qd - POTW design flow: 5 mgd
Q - POTW average influent flow rate: 5 mgd
Q - Critical low flow of receiving stream: 15.5 mgd
Q , - Average flow rate into the anaerobic digestion unit: 0.05 mgd
Q - Volume of digested sludge to be disposed of: 0.025 mgd
D - Percent solids in digested'sludge: 5%
A - Amount of acres committed for the land application of digested
sludge: 100 acres
T - Estimated time of site use: 10 years
Q. , - Average flow from industries with metal discharges: 0.2 mgd
Q - Average flow from domestic and other industrial sources: 4.8
xnon . 6
mgd
The POTW is located in Indiana, so the water quality standards and land
application criteria used in this example are Indiana State standards. These
standards, or other assumptions needed to perform the calculations, are stated
in the text as they are used.
E-26
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7.1 CALCULATING MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POLLUTANT LOAD TO THE POTW - COPPER
A. Preventing Inhibition of Treatment Plant Processes
To determine the influent concentration of copper that will protect the
treatment plant, the POTW must perform the calculations for both the activated
sludge process and the anaerobic digestion process to find the lesser inhibit-
ing concentration.
(1) Activated sludge process
(a) The maximum allowable pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at the activated
sludge unit (La.) is found by convert:
flo
concentration from Table 2 into mass:
sludge unit (La ) is found by converting the threshold
flo
Las = (Ca.)(Q2)(8.34)
Lao = (1 mg/l)(5 mgd)(8.34)
ss
L =41.7 Ibs/day
as
(b) The maximum daily pollutant load (L.) at the influent to the
POTW is calculated by adjusting for removal of copper in the
primary treatment processes from Table 3:
Lj = 41.7/O-.18)
Lj 41.7/.82
Lj = 50.85 Ibs/day to POTW
(c) The maximum pollutant concentration (C.) at the influent to the
POTW is found by converting mass to concentration:
Cj = Lj/Q (8.34)
Cj = 50.8/[5 (8.34)]
Cj = 50.8/41.7
C, - 1.22 mg/1
E-27
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(2) Anaerobic sludge digestion
(a) As above, the maximum allowable pollutant loading (Ibs/day) at
the anaerobic digester (L ,) is found by converting the threshold
concentration from Table 2 into mass:
Lad e ad)(8-34)
Lad = (10X0.05X8.34)
Lad = 4'17 lbs/dfly
(b) The maximum allowable daily pollutant load (L-) at the influent
to the POTW is calculated by accounting for total removal (Table
3) achieved by the plant:
L2 = Lad/Rt
L2 4.17/.82
L2 = 5.08 Ibs/day
(c) The maximum allowable pollutant concentration (C«) at the
influent to the POTW is found by converting this mass into a
concentration:
C2 = L2/[Q (8.34)]
C2 = 5.08/[5 (8.34)]
C2 = 5.08/41.7
O, - 0.12 mg/1
B. Protection of Receiving Water Quality
To protect the receiving water, the POTW must first know that the
in-stream water quality standard (C ) for copper in Indiana is 0.02 mg/1.
(1) In order to determine how much copper the POTW can discharge to this
stream, the dilution factor must first be calculated using the POTW
data on page A-23:
Dilution factor = ^str + (^d-Qs)
= 15.5 mgd + 4.975 mgd
4^975 mgd
Dilution Factor =4.1 (a dimensionless factor)
E-28
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(2) The maximum allowable pollutant concentration (C «) at the POTW's
effluent can then be calculated using the equation from Section 3:
C rf = (Cw ) (Dilution factor)
Ceff = (0-02
Ceff = °-082
(3) The maximum allowable pollutant loading (L ,,) at the POTW's effluent
is determined by converting concentration to mass:
Leff = g/D(4.975 mgd)(8.34)
Leff = 3<4 lbs/dfly
(4) The maximum allowable daily pollutant load (L,) at the POTW's
influent is determined by adjusting for primary and secondary
removals of copper:
L3 =
L3 = (3.4 lbs/day)/(l-0.82)
L3 = 18.89 Ibs/day
(5) The maximum allowable pollutant concentration (C,) at the POTW's
influent is obtained by converting mass to concentration:
C3 = L4/(Q)(8.34)
C3 = 18.89 lbs/day/(5 mgd)(8.34)
C3 = 0.454 mg/1
C. Maximum Pollutant Loading for Land Application
The maximum amount of metal addition for the lifetime use of the site is
obtained from Table 4. The example POTW disposes of its sludge on a medium
textured soil with a Cation Exchange Capacity of 9.3 meq/100 gm. From Table
4, the maximum metal loading limit for copper is 250 kg/ha, or 223 pounds per
acre .
E-29
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(1) The allowable daily loading (Ibs/day) of copper in the digested
sludge (Ld ) can be calculated using the soil capacity loading data
shown above:
Ldg «= [L v (T x 365)] x A
Ldg - [223 T (10 x 365)] x 100
Ldg «= 6.11 Ibs/day
(2) The amount of copper (dry weight) present in the sludge can be
calculated using the POTW data on page A-23:
Sludge quality = Ldg * 8.34 * Qg * D
11 - 6.11 4 8.34 4 0.025 4 0.05
Sludge quality = 586 rag/kg of copper
(3) The maximum allowable loading (Ibs/day) of copper at the influent
(L,) is calculated using the total removal rate from Table 3:
L4 ' Lds * Rt
L4 = 6.11 * 0.82
L * 7.45 Ibs/day
(4) The maximum allowable concentration of copper at the influent (C,)
is found by converting loading to concentration:
C4 = L3 * (8.34 x Qd)
CA = 7.45 * (8.34 x 5)
C4 " .179 mg/1
E-30
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7.2 CHOOSING THE LIMITING INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
After performing these calculations, the POTW has four different influent
copper concentration (or loading) values designed to protect the activated
sludge process, the anaerobic digestion process, the receiving water, and the
farmland that receives the sludge, respectively:
Allowable Copper Concentrations Daily Copper Loadings
Cj 1.22 mg/1 Lj = 50.85 Ibs/day
C2 = 0.12 mg/1 L2 «= 5.08 Ibs/day
C3 = 0.454 mg/1 L3 = 18.89 Ibs/day
C4 = .179 mg/1 L4 - 7.45 Ibs/day
The POTW must now select the lowest of these values to protect the most
sensitive factor. This example shows that, for copper at this hypothetical
POTW, the anaerobic digester is the limiting factor. In this case:
Cfl = C2 = 0.12 mg/1; and
L = L2 = 5.08 Ibs/day.
The POTW cannot accept an influent concentration, or load, greater than
this without possible adverse effects on its anaerobic digestion process.
This concentration value, C , can be found in the upper half of Table 6 for
Cl
copper and six other pollutants. The most stringent, or limiting
concentrations, are underlined for each pollutant.
7.3 ALLOCATING THE POLLUTANT LOAD
The POTW must now determine how much copper can be discharged by local
industries (L. .) by allocating the total allowable load (L ) among all
existing dischargers of copper. As page A-23 shows, only a small portion of
the influent comes from known dischargers of metals (Q. ,). However, copper
loadings from nonindustrial sources (L ) must be taken into consideration
non
before determining the amount allowable from industries.
E-31
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TABLE 6.
HYPOTHETICAL POTW EXAMPLE: SPECIFIC LIMIT
CALCULATIONS FOR METALLIC POLLUTANTS
Maximum Concentration of Pollutant Allowable
at POTW Influent (in mg/1) (C **)
Activated Anaerobic
Sludge(C,) Digestion(C0)
Cadmium
Chromium ,
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Cadmium
Chromium ,
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
1.075
Total 11.9
1.22
0.1
0.13
1.1
1.4
Pounds of Pollutant
44.4
Total 488.4
46.9
3.2
1.2
42.4
36.3
0.0004
1.4
0.12
0.07
0.3
0.26
Allowable to
-0.38*
50.72
1.08
2.0
0.0
-9.0*
a
Land
WQS(C3) Application( C4)
0.163 0.0118
3.52
0.454
0.232
0.48
3.0
17.1
Industry (L^ _**)
6.4
139.1
14.9
8.7
15.8
123.5
690.9
0.179
1.0
0.46
0.387
0.09
3.5
39.0
17.1
-3.8*
*Apparently, these negative numbers were derived in the calculations because
background concentrations of cadmium and zinc were already high.
**The most stringent value in each row is underlined to show the limiting
factor.
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(1) The pollutant loading from nonindustrial sources (L ) is found by
multiplying the background pollutant concentration of copper (found
in Table 5) by the nonindustrial flow (Q ) times the conversion
non
factor:
Lnon - (
Lnon = (0>1 "'g/1^4-8 mgd)(8.34 Ibs/gal)
Lnon = 4'00 lbs/dfly
(2) Then the maximum allowable loading from industrial sources (L. ,)
can be found simply by subtraction:
L. . = L - L
ind a non
Lind = 5>08
Lind = l'OS
This value for copper can be found in the second column, lower half of
Table 6, which shows the loading of pollutants allowable from industrial
sources calculated from the most stringent concentration (C ) chosen from
£l
above. Allowable industrial loadings for the six other pollutants are also
shown. For this example, at least, anaerobic digestion was the limiting
factor for all pollutants except lead.
The POTW must now decide how to regulate its industrial dischargers to
achieve this allowable loading. Some of the alternatives that can be
considered are presented in Part 6 of this appendix. If the POTW chooses to
apply a uniform concentration limit and allows for no growth, the example
becomes simple.
(3) The allowable industrial loading (L- .) can be converted to the
concentration allowable from industrial sources (C. _,) as follows:
^ ind
Cind " Lind/[(Qind)(8'34>J
Cind = (1'08 lbB/day)/[(0.2 mgd)(8.34 Ibs/gal)]
Cind = 0.65 mg/1
E-33
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This concentration limit can be applied to industrial dischargers through
a general legal mechanism, such as an ordinance, or through a specific
requirement in a discharge permit, order, or contract.
E-34
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REFERENCES
(1) "Federal Guidelines - State and Local Pretreatment Programs, Vols. I, II,
and III," U.S. EPA, EPA-430/9-76-017a, b, and c, (MCD-43) (January 1977).
(2) "Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works - Interim
Report," U.S. EPA, EPA-440/1-80-301 (October 1980).
(3) "Determining Maximum Influent Concentrations of Priority Pollutants for
Treatment Plants," Anthony, Richard M., and Lawrence H. Breimhurst,
Journal WPCF, Vol. 53 (October 1981).
(4) "Handbook of Industrial Waste Pretreatment," Dyer et al.
(5) "History of Priority Pollutants at the District and Determination of
Prohibitive Discharge Limits (PDL)," 2nd Ed. Eick, Richard W., Sanitary
District of Rockford, Illinois (March 1982).
(6) "Ambient Water Quality Criteria," U.S. EPA 440/5-80 (October 1980).
(7) "Municipal Sludge Management-Environmental Factors," U.S. EPA Federal
Register, 41, No. 108, pp. 22531, 22543 (June 1976).
(8) "How to Set Local Limits," Feiler, Howard D., et al. Handout prepared
for Pretreatment Seminars, USEPA Contract No. 68-01-5052 (May 1982).
(9) "Procedures Manual for Reviewing a POTW Pretreatment Program Submission
Draft," JRB Associates, USEPA Contract No. 68-01-5052 (November 1981).
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