EPA-450/2-77-024b
October 1977
(OAQPS NO. 1.2-083A)
GUIDELINE SERIES
USERS MANUAL
FOR PREPARATION OF AIR
POLLUTION ISOPLETH
PROFILES AND POPULATION
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
-------
EPA-450/2-77-024b
(OAQPS NO. 1.2-083A)
USERS MANUAL
FOR PREPARATION OF AIR
POLLUTION ISOPLETH
PROFILES AND POPULATION
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
Monitoring and Reports Branch
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1977
-------
OAQPS GUIDELINE SERIES
The guideline series of reports is being issued by the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to provide information to state and local
air pollution control agencies; for example, to provide guidance on the
acquisition and processing of air quality data and on the planning and
analysis requisite for the maintenance of air quality. Reports published in
this series will be available - as supplies permit - from the Library Services
Office (MD-35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a
nominal fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
Publication No. EPA-450/2-77-024b
(OAQPS No. 1.2-083A)
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Users Manual was prepared by Neil Frank, Monitoring and Reports
Branch, Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
The computer programs contained in this manual were developed through
the efforts of many individuals. Two of the computer programs, LPEM and SPEM
were developed by Yuji Horie, Technology Service Corporation, Santa Monica,
California. Conversion of LPEM and SPEM to the U,S.E.P,A, UNIVAC 1100 was
made possible through the efforts of Jim Capel, Monitoring and Reports Branch.
The computer graphics program, HYBRID, was developed by Neil Frank. The
computer graphics program, TRICON, was developed by Martin Cohen, Technology
Service Corporation. The use of the computer graphics packaae, SYMAP for the
display air quality information was provided by the efforts of Margaret Swann
and Jim Capel of the Monitoring and Reports Branch.
iii
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USERS MANUAL FOR ISOPLETH/POPULATIQN EXPOSURE TREND ANALYSIS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Users Manual is a companion document to the "Guideline on Procedures
for Construction Air Pollution Isopleth Profiles and Population Exposure
Analysis." The Manual contains an overview of the analysis procedures and
documentation for computer software.
Three programs (SYMAP, Tricon, Hybrid) can be used to produce computer-
drawn maps for isopleth analysis. Basic inputs to each program are digitized
study area boundries, data values and spatial coordinates. SYMAP is a
computer package which produces character printed maps on a line printer.
Tricon and Hybrid are computer programs which produce maps on a CALCOMP
pen plotter or a Textronix cathode ray tube display device. A description
of these procedures is found in Section 2.4 of the Guideline document.
Two programs (LPEM,SPEM) are used in the analysis of population
exposure and isopleth analysis. LPEM designates Long-Term Population
Exposure Model, SPEM designates Short-Term Population Exposure Model.
The programs establish long-and-short-term population exposure statistics.
from air quality information obtained from a network of monitors. The
details of these models are discussed in Section 3.3 of the Guideline
document.
As an analysis procedure, the development of useabl'e isopleth maps
from exisiting air quality information is a necessary prequisite to the
estimation of population exposure. From an operational point of view,
however, the user may elect to first execute the population exposure
programs prior to executing the computer graphics. This is because the
population exposure programs offers some interesting features which are
applicable to the development of an isopleth map. For this reason, the
population exposure programs will be discussed first in this manual.
-------
For each computer program, the manual will contain a general
description of the run procedure, required data inputs with specified
formats, operating instructions, sample input and sample output.
For all programs except SYMAP, a source listing of the program
statements is also provided.
The remainder of this report is divided into four sections
which describe the analysis procedure and the computer software.
The four sections are:
2.0 Overview of the Isopleth/Population Exposure Analysis
3.0 Estimation of Exposure
3,1 LPEM: Long-Term Population Exposure Model
3.2 SPEM: Short-Term Population Exposure Model
4.0 Computer Graphics
4.1 HYBRID
4.2 SYMAP
4.3 TRICON
5.0 Program Listings
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2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE ISOPLETH/POPULATIOH EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
The first step in the analysis is the selection of a regional map
and air quality monitoring or modeling information for the proposed
study area. The next step is determining the feasibility of the proposed
analysis based on available information. This involves locating the
air quality data points on the map and examining the spatial coverage,
as well as the temporal coverage of available data. This investigation
will yield tentative boundries of the study area and determine if air
monitoring or dispersion estimates shall be used. Once these steps
have been completed, a hand drawn isopleth map might be developed from
the air quality information at this time. These items are discussed
in Section 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 of the Guideline document.
If population/land area exposure analysis or refined computer
drawn isopleth maps are desired, then some additional steps are necessary.
This involves setting up a network of artifical receptor or grid points
of the regional map. For exposure analysis, population and land area
information is also required. (See Section 3.1 and 3.2 of the Guideline.)
The network of receptors is used to approximate the spatial distribution
of population and land area, The spatial coordinates for air quality
data points and receptor points are determined. In addition, the boundries
of the study area are numerically specified. A Rectangular coordinate
system with the origin at lower left is preferred. All data are then
prepared as computer input data sets. The computer models, LPEM and
SPEM calculate air quality values at each of the receptor points by in-
terpolation from the existing air quality data. These estimated values
serve two purposes. First, they provide the basis for estimating exposure.
Second, they provide a convenient spatially refined data base for
preparation of a computer generated isopleth map. (See Section 2.4 of
the Guideline.) This map can be produced by one of three computer
programs: SYMAP, TRICON or HYBRID.
Figure 2-1 shows a simple schematic of the analysis procedure.
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FIGURE 2-1. SCHEMATIC OF ISPOLETH/POPULATION EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
/^EGIONAL>
1*1
V MAP J "
I
POPULATION
LAND AREA
DATA
\
AND
r
rtAMLSlLl 1 Y V?
STUDY
7 1
LPEM
SPEM
POPULATION AND
LAND AREA
EXPOSURE
STATISTICS
v
AIR QUALITY
DATA
COMPUTER
GRAPHICS:
SYMAP
TRICON
HYBRID
<
Jv/TSDPI FTHl^L
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3.0 ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE
The computer programs, LPEM and SPEM, estimate exposure to air
pollution by interfacing the spatial distributions of air quality,
population aid land area. The air quality information can be defined
by a network of air quality monitors or an output grid from a dispersion
model. The population and land area information is approximated by a
network of artificial receptor points. Each point is used to represent
a portion of the total population and land area. The programs estimate
air quality values at the network of receptors by the use of an interpolation
formula. Thus, a specific air quality value is associated with a particular
population and land area; this establishes the exposure estimates. (See
Section 3.3 of the Guideline.)
Both models require a variety of basic input data sets relating to the
spatial distribution of the population density within the study region. These
are specified by spatial coordinates of a receptor network, associated
populations and land areas. Another basic input common to both models
is the spatial coordinates of the monitoring sites. Concerning the air
quality parameters from which exposure is established, LPEM uses average
concentration at the network of stations, while SPEM is based on the
use of percentiles of pollutant concentrations. As will be shown on
the use of LPEM, it can also estimate short-term population exposure
by using the percent of excursions above an air quality standard at each
site (in place of average concentration).
-------
LPEM Long-Term Population Exposure Model
General Description
Average concentrations are estiw.ted at a network of receptor points
average concentrations at a network of monitoring sites. For each
receptor, the program calculates the average concentration from the
.Barest 3 stations by the use of an interpolation formula. A penalty
distance can be imposed to account for the influence of barriers such
as mountains.
Once the air quality estimates are established at the receptor
points exposure statistics are calculated for land area, total population
and sub-populations (such as school age and elderly).
B. Input Card for Output Description
1. Title Card for output tables - Card 1
2. Parameter cards - Card 2,3
3. Barriers - When barriers are included, the following are required:
One card for number of barriers and number of nodes per barrier. One
card for each node and penalty distance associated with the node.
Up to 20 barriers are allowed. Penalty distance is interpolated
between nodes and is added to distance between receptors and
monitors for spatial interpolations. If barriers are not used, no
cards are needed.
4. Charcteristics of Statistical Areas - One card or record for each
statistical area. (A statistical area is an area for which area and popula-
tion data is defined. It contains one or more receptor points.) Each
record contains a 2 part ID code for each statistical area, values for
total area and up to 4 subpopulations expressed in percent. These values
are optional and can be left blank. The first part of the ID code should
be a sequenced index value for each area. The second part of the ID code
is not used by the program, but can be used to specify a geographic sub-
region such as county for the users convenience. Up to 300 statistical
areas are allowed.
-------
5. Receptor Coordinates - One card or record for each receptor
point. Each record contains a 2 part ID code and x,y coordinates for each
receptor. The first part of the ID code should correspond to the number
of the statistical area in which it resides. The second part of the ID
code is not used by the program but can be used for the users convience.
Up to 300 receptor points are allowed.
6. Number of Receptors per Statistical- Area - One card is required
for every 16 areas. Values may be zero, designating a statistical area
excluded from the study, or greater than zero. Usual values are 1 for a
single receptor per statistical area.
7. Site Coordinates - One card or record for each site. Each
record contains a 2 part ID code and x,y coordinates. The first part of the
2 part ID should be a sequenced index variable, for each site. The second
part of the ID code is not used by the program, but can specify a geographic
subregion such as county for the users convenience. These records can designate
the entire monitoring network even if a specific site did not produce any
data for the analysis. Up to 200 sites are allowed by the program.
8. Concentration Data - One card or record for each site. Each
record contains a 2 part site ID code and one air quality value (e.g., annual
mean) for each year. Up to 7 years can be input on each record, Only records
for sites with data need be included.
9. Population Data - One card or record for each statistical area.
Each record contains a 2 part ID code for statistical area and a population
value for total population and total employment. Employment data is optional
and can be left blank.
NOTE: It is preferable that coordinate systmes be sent up so that origin
is at lower left.
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8
C. LPEM Input Data *• List of parameters and record format description.
LPEM DATA ITEMS - all fields should be right justified.
It is not necessary to zero fill any fields.
Card Variable
Column Type 1. Title Card - any parintable character can be used.
1-78 ~~
2. Control Card No. 1 (input parameters)
1-5 I NRECEP - No. of receptor points
6-10 I NMONT - No. of monitoring stations with coordinates
11-15 I NSITES - No. of monitoring stations with data
(3 <_ NSITES <_ NMONT)
16-20 I NRSA - NO. of statistical areas with population data
(NRSA <_ NRECEP)
21-25 I (not used)
26-30 I NPOPL - No, of population classes such as school age,
elderly (1 to 7) See Note.
31-35 I NHOUR - 1 for hour data; 24 for 24 hour data
(not used for LPEM)
36-40 I NYEAR - No. of years of air quality data
41-50 F SYEAR - Initial year
51-60 F DELYR - Incremental year
61-70 F AQSTD - Air quality standard
71-75 I NPDIST - Penalty distance - if penalty distance is used,
NPDIST = 1
Control Card No; 2^ (parameters for exposure distributions)
1-10 F XLOW - Lowest concentration value
11-20 F XINCR - Incremental value
21-25 I NINCR - No. of increments
NOTE: If percent working population is included in Characteristics of
Statistical Areas, then setting NPOPL = 6 will generate exposure
information for workers at place of residence and non-workers at
place of residence. If employment data is included in data item
no. 9 (Population Data), then setting NPOPL = 7 will generate
exposure information for workers at place of employment.
-------
Card Variable
Column Type LPEM DATA ITEMS
3. Barriers
First
1-2 I Mountn - No. of barriers
3-5 I MNODE (1) - No. of Nodes for barrier 1.
6-8 I MNODE (2) » No. of Nodes for barrier 2.
MNODE (MOUNT) - No. of Nodes for "MOUNTN"
Subsequent Cards
1-8 F x (I,J): x coordinate of Jth node of Ith
barrier
9-16 F y (I,J): y coordinate of Jth node of Ith
barrier
17-24 F P(I,J): Penalty distance assigned to Jth
node of I-th barrier
4. Characteristics of Statistical Areas
One recorcTToTHeach statistical area, I
1-10 I IDRSA (IJ)rfirst part of 2 part
identification code.
11-20 I IDRSA (I,2)-second part of 2 part
identification code
21-30 F AREA(I)-land area of each statistical area
31-40 F POPCNT( 1,1) -percent of total population for
subr-population "class 1
41-50 F POPCNT(I,2)-percent of total population for
sub-population class 2
51-60 F POPCNT(I,3)-percent of total population for
sub-population class 3
61-70 F POPCNT(I,4)-percent of total population for
sub-popu'lation class 4
NOTE: If workers by place of residence is used, put this data item into
sub-population class 4.
-------
Card
Column
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
1-5
6-10
11-15
•
•
•
70-75
76-80
1-5
•
•
5-10
16-20
21-30.
31 -40
Variable
Type
I
I
F
F
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
F
F
10
Receptor Coordinates - One for each receptor point, I
IRECEP(I,l)-first part of 2 part receptor ID code
IRECF.P(I.2)-second part of 2 part receptor ID code
•V
RECEP(1V. )-x coordinate of receptor point
RECEP(I,2)-y coordinate of receptor point
No. of Receptors Per Statistical Area - One record
for 16 statistical areas
IRSA(l) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 1
IRSA(2) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 2
IRSA(3) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 3
IRSA(15) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 15
IRSA(16) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 16
IRSA(17) - No. of receptors in Statistical area 17
IRSA(NRSA)-No. of receptors in Statistical area NRSA
• Site Coordinates - One record for each site, I
parameters
ISITE(I,l)-first part of 2 part ID code
ISITE(I,2)-second part of 2 part ID code
SITE (I, l)-x coordinate
SITE (I,2)-y coordinate
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11
Card Variable
Column Type 8. Monitoring Air Quality Data - One record for each
monitoring site with data
parameters
1-5 I INSITE - first part of 2 part ID code
6-10 I KSITE - second part of 2 part ID code
11-20 F CM(INSITE,!) - air quality value for year 1
21-30 F CM(INSITE,2) - air quality value for year 2
31-40 F CM(INSITE,3) - air quality value for year 3
41-50 F CM(INSITE,4) - air quality value for year 4
51-60 F CM(INSITE,5) - air quality value for year 5
61-70 F CM(INSITE,6) - air quality value for year 6
71-80 F CM(INSITE,7) - air quality value for year 7
9. Population Data - One record for each statistical area
parameters
1-10 I IDRSA (I,l)-first part of 2 part ID code for statistical
area I
11-20 I IDRSA (I,2)-second part of 2 part ID code for statistical
area, I
21-30 F POPL (1,1) - total population for statistical area
I
31-40 F POPL (1,2) - total employment for statistical area
I
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12
D. Sample Run Stream on UNIVAC for LPEM
@ ASG,A TRRP*POPEXP
@ XQT TRRP*POPEXP.LPEM
@ ADD TRR*POPEXP.LPEM-DATA/NY
executable version of program
sample data
@ ELT.ISL user file.element 1
@ ADD 7.
(3 EOF
saves monitoring air quality data
with x y coordinates
user file (OPTIONAL)
@ ELT.ISL user file.element 2
0 ADD 8.
@ EOF
@ ELT.ILS user file.element 3
@ ADD 9.
(3 EOF
saves estimated air quality data at
receptor points with x y coordinates
on user file (OPTIONAL)
saves population density at receptor
points on user file
(OPTIONAL)
@ FIN
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13
E. Description of Temporary Output Data Files Created by LPEM
1. Monitoring Air Quality Data with x y Coordinates - output on unit 7
The first record specifies the number of monitoring sites, n-|
with data for the first year of input data. The next n-| records contain
information for those n-| sites. For each additional year of input data,
the above pattern is repeated.
Record Formats
Column Type Parameters
1-3 I No. of sites with data for specific year - first record
.1-10 F Concentration value """*\
11-20 F X Coordinate \ one record for
21-30 F Y coordinate \ f^t'lM
31-40 I Monitor number-first part of 2 part ID code J the year
41-50 F Year '
2. Estimated Air Quality Data at Receptor Points with x y Coordinates -
Output on unit 8
The first record specifies the number of receptor points, r,
included in the analysis. The next r records contain air quality
information for those r points. For each additional year of input
data, the above pattern is repeated.
Record formats are the same as Monitoring Data.
3. Population Density at TReceptor Points - outputoon unit 9.
The first record specifies the number of receptor points r,
included in the analysis. The next r records contain population density
Information for those r points. The population density is calculated by
the program for each point that has a defined land area.
Record formats are the same as Monitoring Data.
-------
14
F. Description of LPEM Output
1. Several tables are produced which describe the input data.
These include characteristics of the statistical areas, population
data, receptor specification data and air quality monitoring data.
The yearly average of all stations is given.
2. For each year of input data, a table is provided with the
interpolated/extrapolated concentrations at the receptor points.
3. For each year of input data, tables of exposure distributions
are provided for total population and each subpopulation. Population class 1
refers to the total population and population class i refers to subpopulation
Cumulative frequency distributions and frequency functions are provided for
population and land area exposure. Population and land area weighted
averages are also given. The value of the frequency distribution for
air quality value D* is defined as the fraction of land area or people
exposed to air quality values greater than or equal to D*. The value
of the frequency function for air quality value D* is defined as the
fraction of land area or people exposed to air quality values greater
than or equal to D* but less than D* + increment. Increment is the
difference between successive table values of D* as defined in the LPEM
input.
-------
LONG
-TERM POPULATION
EXPOSURE
NODEL - N.Y., NiJ.. CONN, AREA
NRECEP • 215
NYEAR • 2
CHARACTCR15JUCS .(
NRSA • 215 NHO".. 209 SA« 209 25 AREA
N?..7lO SA. 210 28 AREA
NO. .711 SA. 211 28 AREA
Vf>,«?!2 SA« 212 29 AREA
NO. .713 SA. 213 29 AREA
«"»."7M SA. 711 29 AREA
03. >2l5 S»" 215 29 AREA
12*. BO SUBPOP
I25.90 SU9POP
11". 9Q SUflPOP
I1'.7o SUBPOP
4?. 90 SUBPOP
10". 40 SUaPOP
104.1Q SUBPOP
107. BO SUBPOP
10.10 SUpPOP
25.40 SUB°OP
A.SO SUBPOP
17. OQ SUBPOP
13.7Q SUPPQP
20.40 SUBPOP
15. «3 5U9POP
15. Pa SUBPOP
B.C.O
B.C.O
B.C.O
B.C.O
"fC.O
B.C.O
B.C.O
B.C,0
P.C.O
B.C.O
9.C.O
B.C.O
B.C. 9
«,C,0
B.C.O
B.C.O
IN II
IN II
IM 11
IN II
IN «l
IN II
IM II
IN II
IN 11
IN il
IN II
IM II
IN II
IN II
IN il
IN *l
27,o fl.o 10. o .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
31,0 7.0 5,0 .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
30.0 9.0 |5.0 .•? RECEPTORS PEP SA
27,o 9.5 10.0 .n RECEPTORS PER SA
30.0 8.0 B.O .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
71.0 12.5 7.5 .9 RECEPTORS PER SA
24,0 12.0 .1 .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
29.0 11.0 .7 .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
30.0 4.0 .1.5 ,o RECEPTORS PER SA
19.2 12.1 i<».7 .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
27,0 12.0 7.5 .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
30.0 B.O 10.0 .1 RECEPTORS PE» SA
29.0 B.O i.o ,t RECEPTORS PE* SA
79.0 B.O i.o .0 RECEPTORS PE<» s»
29.0 B.O i.o .n RECEPTORS PER SA
29.o e.o 10. o .0 RECEPTORS PER SA
-------
LOMG-TERH POPULATION EXPOSURE HOOEL - N.Y., N;j., CONN, AREA
N9ECEP •
NYEAR .
215 NRSA > 215 NMQNT
__2 «SYEAR . 1971.0
. 18? N5TTES-
PPLTR • 1J
103 NPOPL "
ABtTO . 76T0
POPULATION PITA , TOTJH^_P_flP.UyA3LlJN AND ALL
Bv WORK Pi Atr i
NO
NO
Nf)
NO
NO
NO
Jta
N0
NO
NO
NO
NO
"0
* J •"
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
'N~0
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
*
•
•
•
•
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•
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*-
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•
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•
9
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• 199
• 209
• 201
• 202
• 203
• 201
.205
• 206
• 297
.209
• 209
• 210
• 21 1
.212
.213
.211
.215
SA. 1
SA. 2
SA. 3
SA. 1
SA. 5
SA. 6
SA. 7
SA. 8
SA. 9
SA. 10
SA. 11
Si. 2
SA. 3
SA. 1
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-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE MODEL'- N.T., N.J.. CONN. AREA
I
1
NRECEP
NTE»R
2IS
2
NRSA •
SYEAR
215
NMONT
. IB;
DFLTR
NSITE5" 103 NPOPL » <
tip
NO.
No.
No.
Nn,
NO.
Nn.
NO.
»ln.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
MO.
NQ.
1 STATION NO.
2 STATION NO.
3 STATION NO.
it STATION NO,
5 STATION NO.
& STATION NO.
7 STATION MO.
ft STATION NO.
9 STATION NO.
10 STATION NO.
1 1 STATION NO.
12 STATION NO.
13 STATION NO.
)q SJTATjnN, NO.
1
>
3
n
5
&
7
R
9
0
1
2
3
q
•Y COORDINATE
-V COORDINATE
-V COORDINATE
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•V COORDINATE
-Y COORDINATE
•Y COORDINATE
-Y connnfNATr
•Y COORDINATE
•Y COORDINATE'
•Y COORDINATE
•Y COORDINATE
-Y COORDINATE
-Y COOJJJJJNATf
•
121.00 116. 50 I
i?4. no ift.sn
123.50 It. 50
in4.nO i«;.c;n ^
118.50 16.50
99. nO DO. 3D
94.50 103.50 <
QI, nn 99. nn
87.50 107.00
91 .40 105. 50 4
91.50 102.50
108.50 111.00
109.00 112.00 (
99. CO I01r5f1
^ <
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
MO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
Nn.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
10.
MO.
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
173
171
1 72
173
17M
175
176
177
178
179
ISO
181
182
STATION
STATION
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NO.
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NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
MO.
NO.
NO.
SO.
MO.
NO.
NO.
MO.
NO.
MO.
162
163
161
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
»73
1 7t
175
176
177
17R
179
1 RO
181
182
26
25
26
I
1
»
1
I
33
32
32
33
12
39
38 )
38
33
78
37
28
I 1
<-Y
I-Y
• Y
•Y
-Y
•Y
-Y
-Y
-Y
-Y
•Y
-Y
-Y
-Y
«-Y
'•Y .
K-Y
r-Y
K-Y
t-Y
»-Y
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
COORDINATE
72.50
77.80
66.00
121.00
106.00
95.00
99.50
98.50
61.00
55.00
55.90
61.00
61 .00
32.00
15.00
17.30
62.00
52.30
15.00
97.50
129.00
62.50
57.50
62.00
115.00
135.50
102.00
105.50
106.50
90.00
68.00
68.00
90.00
77.00
57.00
57.00
55.00
72.00
72.50
12.00
72.50
115.00
-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION
EXPOSURE MODEL - N.Y., N.J.. CONN, AREA
NRECEP - 215
NYEAR . 2
NRSA •
SYEAR
215 NMQNT . 182
. 1971. 0 OrLYR
..RECEPTOR SPECIFIC
NSITES*
- 3. ft
AT10N DATA
103 NPOPL • 1
AO«5TO . TC.O
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NQ.
Nn.
NO.
: Nn.
NO.
1 RECEPT NO.
2 RECEPT NO.
3 RECEPT NO.
1 RECEPT NO.
5 RECEPT NO.
6 RECEPT NO.
7 RECEPT NO.
8 RECEPT NO.
9 RECEPT NO.
10 RECEPT NO.
11 RECEPT NO,
12 RECEPT NO.
13 RECEPT NO,
11 RECEPT NO.
15 RECEPT NO.
1
2
3
M
5 ••:
6 ' '•'
7
B
9
10
1 1
12
13
1 <4
15
1
•
]
1
(-Y COORD -105.00 115,00 TPOPL • WKRPL
-Y COORD .105.00 IS*. an TPOPL - WrRPL
•Y COORD • 115.00 135.09 - TPOPL • WKRPL
-Y COORD -125.00 13^.00 "TPOPL - WKRPL
-Y COORD • 105.00 125,00 r TPOPL • wrRPL
•Y COORD -115.30 125^00 - TPOPL - WrRPL
-Y COORD • • 125,00 125.00 , TPOPL - WKRPL
K-Y COORD • 127.50 117.50 TPOPL - WKRPL
<-Y COORD • 122,50 117.53 TPOPL - WKRPL
«-Y COORD •' 117.50 117,50 ' TPOPL • WrRPL
<-Y COORD -112.50 117.50 TPOPL ' WrRPL
«-Y COORD • 107f50 117,50 TPOPL - wrRPL
<-Y COORD • 102.50 117.50 TPOPL • wrRPL
<»Y conRD • «7,«;n ii5.«;n TPOPL - WKRPI
«»Y C00"»0 • 102.50 112.50 TPOPL » WKRPL
20*39. 0. »RE» • 19?. 70
&3BPI1M. 0. ARE* « 1«3.?0
15195. 0, AREA • 130.20
IOHJ9. 0. AREA • B5.90
25585. 0. AREA • 127.60
9»|9. o. AREA • 130.20
583IS. 0. AREA • 15^.90
<»fc3B7. 0. AREA • Mi. 90
I3516A. o. AREA • 32.40
21121. 0. AREA . 32. AO
21021. 0. AREA • 32.60
1713. 0. AREA • 32. AO
1A13. 0. AREA • ?3.10
m«.|&. n. ipf» • «9.in
6119. Q. AREA • 32.60
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
• : NO,
NO.
NO.
200 RECEPT NO.
201 RECEPT NO.
202 RECEPT NO.
203 RECEPT NO.
201 RECEPT NO.
205 RECEPT NO.
206 RECEPT NO,
2Q7 RECEPT NO,
208 RECEPT NO.
20' RECEPT NO,
210 RECEPT NO,
211 RECEPT NO,
212 RECEPT NO.
213 RECEPT NO.
211 RECEPT NO.
2|S RECEPT NO.
200 39 X-Y COORD
201 37 X-Y COORD
202 39 X-Y COORD
203 39 X-Y COORD
201 39 X-Y COORD
205 39 X-Y COORD
206 37 X-Y COORD
207 36 X-Y COORD
208 39 X-Y COORD
209 25 X-Y COORD
210 28 X-Y COORD
211 J8 X-Y COORD
212 29 X-Y COORD
213 29 X-Y COORD
211 29 X-Y COORD
215 29 X-Y COORD
55.00 25.00 TPOPL • WKRPL
15,00 25.00 TPOPL - WKRPL
35,00 21,00 TPOPL • WKRPL
25,00 lfl.00 TPOPL - WKRPL
17,00 IS. 00 TPOPL • WrRPL
55.00 17.00 TPOPL - WrRPL
18.50 71.50 TPOPL - W*RPL
7.50 82,00 TPOPL - WKRPL
61,00 16.00 TPOPL • UKRPL
75.03 56.50 TPOPL - WKRPL
88.00 57.50 TPOPL - WKRPL
105.00 59.50 TPOPL - WKRPL
120.00 6I.50 TPOPL • wrRPL
132.00 61,53 TPOPL " WlfRPL
135,00 92,00 TPOPL • WKRPL
115.00 92.00 TPOPL - WrRPL
18667. 0. AREA
17560. 0. AREA
iii26. o. AREA
111A. 0. AREA
9U8?. 0. AREA
21«77, 0. AREA
22QOI. 0. AREA
7955. 0. AREA
1519. 0. AREA
181*90. 0. AREA
39r)96. 0. AREA
21791. 0, AREA
1118". 0, AREA
9AOO. 0, AREA
2M33. 0, AREA
21S33. 0. AREA
1 25,80
125. BO
110.90
IM9.70
67.90
100,60
106. 10
107.80
10.10
25.60
6. BO
17.80
13.70
20.60
15.80
15. BO
-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE MODEL " N.Y., v'tJ,, CONN. AREA
»t« QUALITY HON|TO"tNS DATA
2
5
6
7
q
10
1 1
l>
13
15
16
1 8
70
ST. 10. NO.
ST.ID.«IO.
ST. ID. NO.
ST.lD.MO.i
ST. ID. NO.
5T.t!>.,N
63.0
74.0
61.0
60.0
65.0
62.0
99.0
74.0
72.0
59.0
57.0
69.0
?T*T10N 4VER*6E
79.20
15
-------
POPULATION EXPOSURE NODEt'" N0Y00 N0Jo» CONN0 ABES
NffECCP
NVEAR
•
«"
215
2
NRSft a
SYEAR
a
215
1»71
NMOMT
tP
r. |82
OELXR •
NS!TE?a
» 3,0
103
A3STO
NPOPL o
- '5.0
t . • -
INTERPOLATED . EXTERPOLATEO CONCENRATJOMS AT RECEPTOR SITES
NO. or WALIO MONITORING STATIONS- 183
YEAR •' l»?»oB
RECEPT
RrcEPT
RCCEPT
RECE"T
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NOo
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO,
NO.
NO.
NO.
NOo
o
a
•
o
a
a
a
a
a
a
*
•
a
B
•
1
2
3
-------
'• 1s'' " " • '~*. i •«
LONG-TERH POPULATION EXPOSURF.
"ODEL - N.Y. , N.J. t
CONN. AREA
••' . i
N9ECEP . 215 NPSA •
NYEAR • 2 SYEAR
EXPOSURE
215 NMONT • 182 NSITE5
• 1971.0 OELTR • 3.O
DISTRIBUTIONS FOR YrAR .
• 103 NPOPL • 1
AQSTD • 7C.O
1971.0 POPL CL •
1 TPOPL •
17989ZOH. TARFA • 1IB2B.
POPULATION ANt» LAND AREA EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS
AIR QUALITY VALUE
MS.O
110.0
105.0
too.o
95.0
90.0
05.0
80. 0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
15.0
10.0
35.0
30.0
SP«Tt»L
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
AREA POPULATION
.01?!
.0192
.0219
.0163
.0527
.0762
.1916
.1725
.1*56
.3715
.5034
.6056
.8725
.9168
.9BB6
1.0000 1
i.oooo i
1.0000 1
AVERAGE CONCENTRATION - A*
.0636
.1138
.1590
.1951
.2620
.3MM5
.MI54
.1659
• 5786
,67t«l
.79<»S
.8619
.9353
.9785
.9989
.0000
.0000
.0000
.7623
FREQUtNCY
AREA
.0121
• 0071
• 0057
• DIM
• 0164
.0235
.0251
.0209
.0631
.1389
.1789
.1022
.2169
.1 113
• 0519
.01 11
.0000
.0000
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
• 0836
.0302
.0151
.0361
• 0669
.0825
ro
• 07M — '
.0503
.1127
.0958
.1201
.0673
.0735
.0131
.0205
.0011
• 0000
.0000
POPULATION AVERAGE CONCENTRATION.
B3.095?
-------
LONG-TERN POPULATION EXPOSURE HOOEL - N.Y», N;j..
CONN* AREA
. • >.-:.- •- • -.
NRECEP • 215 NRSA -
NYEAR •' 2 SYEAR
EXPOSURE
215 NMONT • 182
• 1971. n OTLYR •
DKjTPIRllTtONtf fOR y
POPULATION AND LAND AREA
AIR QUALITY VALUE
1 15.0
1 10.0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
SPATIAL
NSITF5- 103 NPOPL • *
3.0 A9«!TO • 7=1.0
rAR • 197ltn POPL' CL' •
EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
AREA POPULATION
.0121
.0192
.0249
.0363
.0527
.0762
.1016
.1225
.1856
.3*45
.5034
.6056
.8225
,9368
.9RB6
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
AVERAGE CONCENTRATION
.0775
.1009
.1314
.1644
• 2232
.3029
.3710
.4205
.5277
.6323
.7633
.8384
• 9210
.9734
.9987
1 .0000
I .0000
1.0000
A&.7623
2 TPOPL •'
FREQUENCY
AREA
.0121
.0071
.0057
.0114
.0164
.0235
.0254
.0209
.0631
.1389
.1789
.1022
.2169
.1143
.0519
.01 14
.0000
• 0000
«?7ontK* '* TARFA • 1)828*
- <-v • • ":
FUNCTIONS V
POPULATION
• 0775
.0234
.0305
.0330
• 0588
•°7" rsj
.0681
.0495
• |071
.1046
• 1310
.0751
.0825
• 0524
• 0253
.0013
.0000
.0000
POPULATION AVERAGE CONCENTRATION* so*94a9
-------
LOMG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURr MODEL - N.Y., N;j.i COMN, AREA
NRECEP •
NYEAR -
215
2
NPSA •
SYEAR
•
215
1971
NHONT
.0
• 18?
OELTR •
NSITCS-
i 3.0
103
AQSTO
NPOPL
• 75
• 4 •• :.
.0
EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS TOR YEAR • 197t.O POPL CL • 3 TPOPL • I84S445.
TABEA •
11828.
POPULATION AND LAMB AREA EXPOSURE 01STRIBUY!ONS
AIR 9UALITY VALUE
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
AREA POPULATION
FREQUENCY
' AREA
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
115.0
.0121
.0937
.0121
.0937
110.0
.0192
.1317
.0071
.0379
105.0
.0249
.1920
,0057
.060*
100.0
.0163
.2321
.01 14
• 04Q1
95.Q
.0527
.3081
.0164
• 0760
90.0
.0762
,3953
.0235
• 0872
8S.Q
.1014
,4704
.0251
.0751
80.0
1725
,5220
.0209
• OS16
75.0
,1«54
6431
.0631
70.0
.3245
.7301
.1389
.0867
65.0
.5034
.8309
.1789
>|OOR
60.0
.6056
.8907
.1022
.0598
55. 0
50.0
.8725
.9368
.9537
• 2169
.9839
.1 143
.0630
.0302
45.0
"~"To7b~
.9R86
I .onoo
1.0300
• 999H
I.0000
1 .0000
.0519
.01 14
• 0000
• 0155
• 0006
,0000
30.0
i.0000
I.0000
SPAT. ML AVERAGE CONCENTRATION . __*A.7623
PO<»ULATTOtf AVERAGE'COMCENtRATlON* 85^7902
.0000
.0000
-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE MODEL • N.Y., ti'.J,
i, CONN. AREA
: ;*£
• 1
NRECEP • 215 NRSA « 215 NMO*T • 1
NYEAR . 2 SYEAR . 1971. (1 DPL
82 NSITE"i« 103 NPOPL -
YR . 3.n AOSTD . 7R.O
£XPn«ilR£ nt cTot BUT TOMe FOR vrAR . l«7l.n POPi • rL
MR QUALITY
115.0
1 10.0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
15.0
10.0
35.0
30.0
SP
POPULATION AN* LAND
DISTRIBUTION
VALUE ARTA
.0121
.0192
.0219
.0363
.0527
.0762
.1016
.1725
.1856
,3215
.5031
.6*56
.8225
.9368
,9886
1 ,0000
t .0000
1 ,0000
AREA EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
.1317
.1769
.2577
.2882
.3778
.1858
.5668
.6222
.7557
.8036
.91 1 1
.9562
.9798
.9950
.9998
1 .0000
1 .0000
1 .0000
1
• 1 TPOPI •
FREQUENCY
AREA
.0121
.0071
.0057
.0111
• 0161
.0235
.0251
.0209
.0631
.1389
. 1789
.1022
.2169
. 1 113
.0519
.01 11
.0000
.0000
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
.1317
.0152
• 0808
.0305
.0896
.1080
.08|0
.0651
• 1335
.0179
• |076
• 0150
.0237
.0152
.0017
.0002
.0000
.0000
.J:
? " r
'f r,;
;
:-
- .
ro
, "
AT1AL AVERAGE CONCENTRATION . . .t,t,,.7_k?\_ . , .
-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE MODEL • N.Y., N.J., CONN. AREA
NRECEP • 215 NRSA • 215 NMONT • |8? NSITES- 103 NPOPL •
NYEAR • 2 SYEAR • 1971.0 OELYR • 3.0 A8STP • 75.0
INTERP^LA_TEO_^.__E.>(TERPQtAtLO CQNCENRAT I ONS AT RECEPTOR SITES
NO. of VALIO MONITORING STATIONS- 103
YE»R-I»T«.0
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RPCEPT NO.
RECENT NO.
RECE>T NO.
RECEPT NO,
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RCCEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
RECEPT NO.
i i
2 1
3
1
s
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
11
IS
16
15.9 ' .
16.1
39.6
39. <»
16.0
12.1
39.1
38.3
13.1
38. S
15.3
ta.s
19.0
13.1
18.1
50.1 ™
BECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RrCE»T
RfCEPT
RECEPT
RECE»T
RECENT
RECEPT
RECENT
RECEPT
RFCE^T
"RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
RECEPT
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO."
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO.
NO,
200
201
202
203
201
205
206
207
208
209
210
21 1
212
71 3
211
215
39
39
39
39
39
39
37
36
39
75
28
78
29
79
29
29
53.
51.
58.
56.
53.
51.1
50.0
q&,7.
70.5
67.3
61.1
53.1 .. .
50.7
<»2t2
<)1.9
39.2
-------
1 --v.
LONG-TERH PO°ULATION EXPOSURE
MODEL • N.Y» , N.J. f
CONN. AREA
t ' «
NRECEP • 215 N"SA .
NYEAR « 2 SYEAR
FXPOSURE
215 NMOKT . 182 NSITES- 103 NPOPL • 1 V .,?;.'
• 1971.0 DF.LTR • 3.n AOSTO » 7*.0 ) : '•"
DISTRIBUTION?' FOR rrAR •
i»7i. n PBPL, rt •
1 TPOPL •
179B920M. TARFA. • 1IB?8. "'' J ^fifj
POPULATION ANO UNO AREA EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS "'••&•
AIR QUALITY VALUE
115.0
110.0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55. 0
50.0
15.0
10.0
35.0
30.0
SPATIAL
POPULATI
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
AREA POPULATION
.0000
.onoo
.0000
.0000
.0.000
.0051
.0061
.OtSI
.0360
.0773
.1 19Q
.219|
.3929
.5°6I
.8177
.9329
1.0000 1
I.OOOQ 1
AVERAGE CONCENTRATION • 53
ON AVERAGE CONCENTRATION-
• 0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
• 0000
.0217
• 0309
. 1071
.1700
.2802
.3668
.5031
.6912
.8021
.9328
.9807
.0000
.0000
.7012
61.7273
FREUUENCT
AREA
.0000
• 0000
• 0000
• 0000
• 0000
.0051
.0013
.0086
.0210
.0112
.0117
• 1002
• 1737
.1932
• 2517
.0952
.0671
.0000
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION . n i
.0000 •'• ;"• j
.0000 -I . >M
.0000
.0000
• OOQO
.0217
ro
.0062 ^
• 0765
.0627 :
.1102
• 0865
.1367
.1877
.1112
• 1301
.0179
.0193
.0000
-------
LONG-TERM
POPULATION
EXPOSURE MODEL - N.Y., N.J..
CONN* AREA
;
" -v - 1
N9ECEP • 715 NASA - 215
NYEAR • 7 «YEAR • 1971
POPULATION
NWONT . |82 NSITF*" 103 NPOPL • *•
.0 ftfLYR • t.n AOCTH • TC-ft
ANO LAND
DISTRIBUTION
AIR QUALITY VALUC AREA
115,0
110. 0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
45.0
40,0
35,0
30.0
SPATIA_L_Ay_ERA.6E
.0900
.0000
•oooo
.0000
.0000
.0051
.0064
.0151
.0360
,0773
.1190
.2191
.3929
.5"61
.8377
.9329
I .0000
I .0000
YF.AR m • |?74.0 P«PL' fL' •
AREA EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
.0000
.0000
.0000
• 0000
.0000
.0168
.0218
.0865
• 1412
.2468
.3325
.4634
.6481
.7736
.9215
.9764
1 .0000
1 .0000
> TPOP| .
FREQUENCY
AREA
• 0000
.0000
• 0000
.0000
.0000
• 0051
.0013
.0086
• 0210
• 0412
• 0417
.1002
.1737
• I93J
• 2517
.0952
.0671
.0000
^
FUNCTIONS
POPULATION
.0000
.0000
• oooo
• 0000
•OOOO . :
.0168
•0050 "^
. 11647
• OS47
.1056
.0857
.1309
.1847
.1256
.1479
.0549
.0236
.0000
CONCENTRATION . 53.7042 . . ..
POPULATION AVERAGE CONCENTRATION- 60.M740
-------
if*
•
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE
MODEL • N.Y. , N.J. t
CONN. AREA
"* ' • *' ' ! '
•t: •'•'•-• ' '••: . ;e
N9ECEP • 215 NRSA -
NYEAR . 2 SYEAR
EXPOSURE
215 NHONT • 182 NSITES
• 1971.0 OELTR . 3.0
DISTRIBUTIONS FOR YEAR .
• 103 NPOPL • 1
A9STO . 75.0
i97i.o POPL: CL •
3 TPOPL •
•i '
- .; "
• ;.: * ;:4ij$t>
18151115. TARCA • 11828. ^"T'a
POPULATION AND LAND AREA EXPOSURE OI5TR I BUT I ONS . . 'pi!;:
AIR 9UALITY VALUE
1I5.Q
110. 0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
• 5.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55. 0
50.0
15.0
10.0
35.0
30.0
SP»TIAL
POPULATI
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
AREA POPULATION
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0051
.0061
.0151
.0360
.0773
.1190
.219J
.3929
.5341
,8377
.9329
1.0000 1
1.0000 1
AVERAi-E CONCENTRATION - *3
ON AVERAGE CONCENTRATION-
• oooo
.0000
.0000
• oooo
• oooo
.0330
.0105
.1327
.2031
.3197
.1052
.5191
.7381
.8332
.9131
.9812
.0000
.0000
.701?
63.1177
FREOUENCY
AREA
.0000
• OOOO
.0000
.0000
• OOOO
.0051
.0013
.0086
.0210
.0112
• 0117
• 1002
. 1737
.1932
.2SI7
.0952
.0671
.0000
FUNCTIONS •" . . !>l
POPULATION . .s ;':!-.
.0000 "•••f'i
• oooo . :. . ..'' i
.0000
.0000
• oooo
.0330
ro
.0075 °°
«0"22
.0707
.1163
.0855
.|13B
.1893
.0919
.1099 .1
.0110
.0158 . •='-
.0000
*.
-------
LONG-TERM POPULATION EXPOSURE
MODEL - M.Y.i NiJi
,, CONN. AREA
NRECEP • 215 NRSA •
NYEAH • y 5VEA8
EXPOSURE
215 NMONT . 182 NSITES
• 1971. n npi,YR • s.n
DISTRIBUTIONS FOR YEAR *
• 103 NPOPL •
)97U,f) PflPL CL
*
• « TPDPI, •
n«™.
POPULATION AND LAND ARE* EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTIONS
AIR QUALITY VALUE
IIS.O
110.0
105.0
100.0
' : 95.0
90.0
/* . 85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
\ 60.0
. .j 55.0
50.0
15.0
10,0
. 35.0
30.0
'V- SPATIAL'
DISTRIBUTION ruNCTIONS
AREA POPUL
.0000
.0000
.0.000
.0000
.0000
,0051
.0061
.0151
.0360
.0773
.1190
.2191
.3929
.5161
.8377
.9329
; 1.0000 1
1.0000 I
ATION
.0000 -
.9000
.0000
•0000
.0000
•
-------
30
3.2 SPEM: Short-Term Population Exposure Model
A. Description
Concentrations at 8 percent!les are estimated at a network of receptor
points from the same percentile concentrations at a network of monitoring
sites. For each receptor, the program calculates the concentrations from
the nearest 3 stations by use of an interpolation formula. A penalty distance
can be imposed to account for the influence of barriers such as mountains.
After the percentile concentration distribution is estimated at each
receptor point, the fraction of time above a specified threshold concentration
is estimated. This is termed risk frequency. Given the risk frequency at
each receptor point, exposure statistics are calculated for land area; total
population and subpopulations (such as schoolage and elderly).
B. Input Data » General Description
1. Title Card for output tables - Card 1
2. Parameter cards - Card 2,3
3. Percentile concentrations specifies 7 percentiles P2,...P8 for
concentration input data. Another percentile, PI corresponds to the maximum
observation and is calculated by the program as 100/(NOBS +1). Number of
observations (NOBS) = 8720 for hourly data and NOBS = 365 for 24 hour data.
Percentile values should be selected so that concentration values bracket
the threshold value. If possible set P2, P5 and P7 to interesting percentiles
such as 1, 10, 50 because of tabulated statistics (See 3.2F). Note that
percentiles are defined as percent of observations greater than the specified
concentration.
4. Barriers * When barriers are included, the following are required:
One card for number of barriers and number of nodes per barrier. One card
for each node and penalty distance associated with the node. Up to 20
barriers are allowed. Penalty distance is interpolated between nodes and is
added to distance between receptors and monitors for spatial interpolations.
If barriers are not used, no cards are needed.
-------
31
5. Characteristics of Statistical areas - same as input data for
LPEM (no.4)
6. Receptor coordinates - same as input data for LPEM (no. 5).
7. No. of receptors per statistical area - same as input data for
LPEM (no.6).
8. Site coordinates - same as input data for LPEM (nd.7)
9. Population Data - same as input data for LPEM (no. 9).
10. Concentration Data - One card or record for each site. Each
record contains a 2 part site ID code and concentrations values for 8
specified percentiles. Only records for sites with data need be included.
11. If additional air quality data are to be analyzed, repeat SPEM
items 9 and 10.
-------
32
C. SPEM Input Data - List of parameters and record format description
Card
Column
1-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
1-5
6-10
11-16
17-24
25-32
33-40
41-48
49-56
57-64
65-72
73-80
Variable
Type
4.
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
10.
I
I
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Percentile values-defined as percent of observations
above specific concentration value parameters
P TILE (2)-percentile corresponding to highest concen-
tration value (
-------
33
D. Sample Run Stream on UNIVAC for SPEM
@ ASG.A TRRP*POPEXP.
@ XQT TRRP*POPEXP.SPEM executable version of program
@ ADD TRRP*POPEXP.SPEM-DATA/L,A sample data
@ ELT.ISL user file.element 1 saves estimated risk frequency at
« flnn o > receptor sites with x y coordinates
@ ADD 8- J on user file (OPTIONAL)
@ EOF J
0 FIN
E. Description of Temporary Output Data Files Created by SPEM
1. Estimated Risk Frequency at Receptor Points - output on unit 8
The first record specifies the number of receptor points, r,
included in the analysis. The next r records contain information for these
r points. Each of these records contain a value for estimated risk frequency,
x and y coordinates for the point, receptor number and year. For each
additional year of input data, the above pattern is repeated.
Record formats are the same as Monitoring Data from LPEM.
-------
34
F. Description of SPEM Output
1. The first table describes the input data for characteristics
of the statistical areas in terms of land areas, percent of subpopulations
and number of receptors per statistical areas.
2. The second table is a printout of the input x y coordinates
for all monitoring stations.
3. Then for each year of input data, the following tables are
produced.
a. As a description of the report data, tables are provided
for total population per statistical area, receptor specifi-
cation data, input monitoring percent!le data.
b. A table is provided for interpolated-extrapolated percentile
concentrations at the receptor sites.
c. A table is provided for percent of time (risk) that receptor
concentrations exceed multipls of threshold concentration.
4. For each year of input data, tables of exposure distribution
are provided for total population and each subpopulation. Population class 1
refers to the total population, and population class i refers to subpopulation
1-1.
a. For three percentile concentrations, cumulative frequency
distributions and frequency functions are provided for population and land
area exposure. Spatial and population weighted average concentrations are
also provided for the three percentiles.
b. Risk frequency distribution and frequency functions are
provided for each total population and each subpopulation. These indicate
the fraction of population exposed to levels above multiples of the
threshold concentration for various percentages of the time. Spatial
and population weighted average frequency of exposure are also provided.
-------
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49
4.0 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
This section will discuss the use of three computer programs
which can be used to produce computer drawn isopleth maps.
4.1 HYBRID Computer Mapping Pr.%edure
A. Description
Hybrid generates a map drawn by a CALCOMP plotter. It also
allows the user to preview this map on a Tektronix terminal. The
program sorts data values into interval classes and directs the
graphics device to plot a corresponding symbol at each data point.
The boundries and subregions within the study area are represented
by polygons.
B. Input - General Description
1. Control parameters - Card 1
2. Symbols - Card 2
3. Interval classes - Card 3
4. Geographic boundries - The boundries and subareas of the study
area are described by polygons. The first card or record specifies the
total number of polygons and the number of vertices per polygon. The
next cards or records specify the x y coordinates of each polygon. The
51
Hybrid Data Items
Column
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
•
1-10
11-20
Type
I
I
I
I
I
F
F
4. Geographic Boundries
parameters
NPOLYG - no. of polygrons
NPTS(l) - no. of points for polygon 1
NPTS(2) - no. of points for polygon 2
NPTS(3) - no. of points for polygon 3
• .
• »
NPTS(NCNTY) - no. of points for polygon
XPOLYG(I, J)-x coordinate for vertex I in
XPOLYG ( I, J)-y coordinate for vertex I in
NCNTYJ
k First
Card
polygon Jl subsequent
polygon jj cards
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50
c.
Card
Column
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
• 26-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
HYBRID Input Data - List of parameters and record format description
Variable
Type
F
F
F
F
F
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Hybrid Data Items
1 . Control parameters
XFACT - multiplicative scaling factor which converts
input data to inches
XOFF - transforms x coordinate to x = x - XOFF
YOFF - transforms y coordinate to y = y • YOFF
XWIDTH - width of map in original data um'temav b_ -. *+
CHAR - scaling factor for character symbol sJ°Ta™' aefault=l
NPLOTl-no. of first data set to be plotted"! used for mul-
NPLOT2-no. of last data set to be plotted 1 b^ieft^Unk^
j for single plot
2. Symbols - used to display classes of data values
parameters
SYMBOL (1) - Symbol corresponding to
(2) -
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
V do) V
class interval 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. Class intervals - defines categories of data values
parameters
Range(l)-defines class interval 1 as x> Range (1)
(2) " " " 2 as Range(2)
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51
Hybrid Data Items
ocu u
Column
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
•
1-10
11-20
1-3
1-10
11-20
21-30
vai lau i c
Type
I
I
I
I
*
I
F
F
I
F
F
F
4. Geographic Boundries
parameters _^
NPOLYG - no. of polygrons
NPTS(l) - no. of points for polygon 1
NPTS(2) - no. of points for polygon 2
NPTS(3) - no. of points for polygon 3 \ First
Card
NPTS(NCNTY) - no. of points for polygon NCNTY,
XPOLYG(I, J)-x coordinate for vertex I in polygon j| subsequent
XPOLYG ( I, J)-y coordinate for vertex I in polygon jj cards
5. Display Variable-This data can be provided by output files
of LPEM and SPEM
parameters
no. of points first card or record
data value
x coordinate ^ one card or record for each point
y coordinate J
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52
D. Sample Run Streams
1. Sample run stream for CALCOMP generated map on UNIVAC
@ ASG.CP user plot file
0 ASG.A TRRP*POPEXP.
@ PLOT user plot file
(3 XQT TRRP*POPEXP.HYBRID/CAL
0 ADD TRRP*POPEXP.HYBRID-DATA/LA
@ FREE user plot file.
0 SYM user plot file.,,PLOT
@ FIN
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53
2. Sample Run Stream for Tektronix Generated Map on UNIVAC
Enter the following commands at your terminal:
@ ASG.A TRRP*POPEXP.
@ XQT TRRP*POPEXP.HYBRID/TEK
0 ADD TRRP*POPEXP.HYBRID-DATA/LA
You will now be in CALCOMP Preview Mode.
CALCOMP preview on Tektronix requires the use of Tektronix supplied
previewing routines. These are referenced in "Preview Routines for
CALCOMP Plotters, Users Manual." The following input statements will allow
the user to preview the sample map on Tektronix. The questions are generated
by CALCOMP preview software,
OPTION? '•• •<"'.-"
1 (press'Return)
OPTION?
t
W (press .Jteturn) ; .. f.
WHERE WOULD YOU\IKE ORtGIN(X,Y)
-3.,1. (pre$s Return) (or^ -6,0)
ENTER SIZE (WIDTH.HEJGHT) '
7.,5.7 (or 14, 11.4)
OPTION?
C (press Return)
Usual values of the origin (x,y) are 0,0. Negative values are used
here because the data coordinates became negative through re-scaling by the
program. The size (width, height) specifies the portion of the apparent
calcomp plot that is to be viewed on the tektronix screen. The ratio of
width and height must match the actual CRT viewing dimensions.
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54
F. Application of HYBRID Maps
It is recommended that HYBRID be applied once to the air quality
data observed at the monitoring sites and separately to ar quality data
estimated at a receptor network. The combined use of both of these generated
maps will facilitate the development of a suitable isopleth map. The
monitoring data map will show actual observed values while the receptor
data map will provide estimates for areas between the monitoring sites.
A suggested approach is to overlay the monitoring data map on top of the
receptor data map, so that both maps can be visually combined. The use
of two separate maps will allow the user to easi'ly discriminate between
actual monitoring data and the interpolated estimates from the monitoring
data. The values estimated at the receptor network reflect an averaging
process and may therefore be quite different than the monitoring data
in areas of variable air quality. This apparent discrepancy may be
viewed as a localized condition and may require the inclusion of a
separate isopleth on the map.
For the preparation of the isopleth map from the HYBRID generated map,
it is suggested that 5 or less isopleth levels be used. This will
produce a visually pleasing map. Usually, an isopleth corresponding to
the NAAQS is used. The selection of additional isopleth values is guided
by the observed data values. Isopleth lines are manually drawn between
symbols which denote data class intervals above and below the particular
isopleth level. ^Suppose that symbol 7 denotes values of 70-79 yg/m3,
symbol 8 denotes values of 80-89 yg/m3 and symbol 9 denotes values of 90-99
yg/m3. An isopleth line for 80 yg/m3 would be drawn so that it is equidistant
between adjacent symbols 7 and 8. If symbols 7 and 9 are adjacent, the
isopleth lines would be placed one third the distance between 7 and 9.
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55
4.2 SYMAP
• . ' • ,
A, SYMAP allows the user to generate printed maps on a
line printer with overprint capability. The SYMAP computer
graphics program allows even those with limited -experience
in programming to produce several types of maps by using basic
SYMAP packages with various electives. Directions for the
programming of these maps may be obtained from the "SYMAP
User's Reference Manual" developed at Harvard University.
However, a beginning user of SYMAP may find it helpful to
see other examples of SYMAP. The following material con-
tains basic run commands and instructions for six example
maps produced by SYMAP. Each map uses 1972 annual geometric
mean TSP concentrations produced by 122 monitors in the N.Y.-
N.j.-Ct AQCR to illustrate potentially useful spatial dis-
plays of air quality. These examples may be aids in setting
up your own SYMAP package.
References:
1. "EPA GRAPHICS USERS GUIDE HARVARD GRAPHICS USER INFORMA-
TION", Rodney H. Allen, Comp-Aid Inc., July-1975, revised
January 1976.
2. "SYMAP User's Reference Manual", James A. Dougenik and
David E. Sheehan, Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial
Analysis, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, 1975,
revised M«y 1976.
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56
B. Generation of Sample SYMAPexamples
@ ASG.A GRAPH* HARVARD
0 ASG.A TR |