EPA 908 1-76-008
MAY 1976
WYOMING AIR QUALITY
MAINTENANCE AREA
ANALYSIS
VrX
US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION VIII
AIR & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DIVBON
DENVER , COLORADO 8O295
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Publication No. EPA-908/1-76-008
PEDCo-ENVIRONMENTAL
SUITE13 • ATKINSON SQUARE
CINCINNATI. OHIO -452-46
513 / 7 7 1 -A 33O
WYOMING AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE
AREA ANALYSIS
Prepared by
PEDCO-ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS, INC,
Suite 13, Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
Contract No. 68-02-1375
Task Order No. 19
EPA Project Officer: David Kircher
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region VIII
Air Planning & Operations Section
Denver, Colorado 80203
May 1976
BRANCH OFFICES
Suite 110. Crown Center Suite 104-A, Professional Village
Kansas City. Wo. 64108 Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514
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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to
report technical data of interest to a limited number of readers.
Copies are available free of charge - as supplies permit - from
the Air and Hazardous Materials Division, Region VIII, Environmental
Protection Agency, Denver, Colorado 80295, or may be obtained, for
a nominal cost, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Suite 13, Atkinson Square,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-1375. The
contents of this report are reproduced herein as received from the con-
tractor. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those
of the authors and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection
Agency.
Publication No. EPA-908/1-76-008
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the Wyoming Department of Environmental
Quality by PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc. Mr. Kenneth
Axetell was the PEDCo project manager. The principal author
of this report was Mr. Charles Gary Gelinas.
Mr. David Kircher was the project officer for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Messrs. Randy Wood, Woody
Russell, and Charles Raffelson were the principal contacts
with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality- The
author appreciates their contributions to this study.
11
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CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
2. SUMMARY 2-1
3. POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA 3-1
Analysis Areas 3-1
Methodology 3-3
Modeling 3-4
Location of Sources 3-4
Meteorology 3-5
Background Air Quality 3-9
Location of Receptors 3-9
Emissions—Base Year and Projected 3-11
Point Sources 3-11
Area Sources 3-12
Base Year Air Quality and Model Verification 3-20
Projected Air Quality 3-23
Photochemical Oxidant Analysis 3-33
4. SWEETWATER COUNTY AQMA 4-1
Analysis Areas 4-1
Methodology 4-3
Modeling 4-3
Trona Industrial Area 4-4
Rock Springs and Green River Areas 4-7
Emissions—Base Year and Projected 4-7
Trona Industrial Area 4-7
Rock Springs and Green River Areas 4-12
Base Year Air Quality and Model Verification 4-15
Trona Industrial Area 4-17
Rock Springs and Green River Areas 4-18
Projected Air Quality 4-19
iii
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REFERENCES R_l
APPENDICES
A WYOMING POINT SOURCE SUMMARIES A-l
B DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICULATE EMISSION B-l
FACTOR FOR SURFACE MINING IN THE
POWDER RIVER BASIN OF WYOMING
C WYOMING AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA C-l
D ROCK SPRINGS AND GREEN RIVER EMISSION D-l
INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
E ROCK SPRINGS PROPOSED ARTERIAL STREET SYSTEM E-l
IV
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FIGURES
No. Page
1.1 Location of Wyoming AQMA's 1-2
3.1 Powder River Basin AQMA Analysis Areas and 3-2
Point Source Location
3.2 Gillette Area Source Grids 3-6
3.3 Reno Junction Area Source Grids 3-7
3.4 Douglas Area Source Grids 3-8
3.5 Example Receptor Array and Area Source 3-10
Grids
3.6 Gillette Area Base Year Annual Geometric 3-24
Mean Particulate Concentrations (ug/m3)
3.7 Gillette Area Projected 1980 Annual Geometric 3-26
Mean Particulate Concentrations (ug/m3)
3.8 Gillette Area Projected 1985 Annual Geometric 3-27
Mean Particulate Concentration (ug/m^)
3.9 Reno Junction Area Projected 1980 Annual 3 3-29
Geometric Mean Particulate Concentration (ug/m )
3.10 Reno Junction Area Projected 1985 Annual _ 3-30
Geometric Mean Particulate Concentration (ug/m )
3.11 Douglas Area Projected 1980 and 1985 Annual - 3-32
Geometric Mean Particulate Concentrations (ug/m )
4.1 Sweetwater County AQMA Analysis Area Locations 4-2
4.2 Trona Industrial Area Point Source and Area 4-5
Source Grids
4.3 Rock Springs Area Source Grids and Sampler 4-8
Locations
4.4 Green River Area Source Grids and Sampler 4-9
Locations
4.5 Rock Springs and Green River Emission Density 4-20
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TABLES
No. ^2£
1.1 NAAQS for Designated Pollutants !-3
3.1 Powder River Basin AQMA Point Source Emissions
I. Gillette 3~13
II. Reno Junction 3-14
III. Douglas 3~15
3.2 Powder River Basin AQMA Area Source 3-16
Categories—Particulate Emissions
3.3 Powder River Basin Projection and Allocation 3-18
Reliability
3.4 Powder River Basin AQMA Area Source Particulate 3-21
Emissions by Grid
3.5 Gillette Source Contribution to Areas of NAAQS 3-28
Violations
3.6 Reno Junction Source Contributions 3-31
3.7 Magnitude and Extent of NAAQS Violations in 3-34
Powder River Basin AQMA
3.8 Oxidant Sampling Data Selected Sites in EPA 3-36
Region VIII
3.9 Ozone Data for Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maryland 3-37
3.10 Powder River Basin Hydrocarbon Emission Density 3-40
4.1 Sweetwater County AQMA Area Source Categories 4-11
Particulate and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
4.2 Sweetwater County AQMA Area Source Particulate 4-13
Emissions by Grid
4.3 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) per Capita 4-16
Projections
4.4 Rock Springs Particulate Emission Density and 4-22
Predicted Air Quality
4.5 Green River Particulate Emission Density and 4-22
Predicted Air Quality
vi
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No. Page
4.6 Rock Springs Source Contribution to Areas of 4-23
NAAQS Violations
D.I Rock Springs Emission Inventory and Emission D-l
Density
D.2 Green River Emission Inventory and Emission D-10
Density
vn
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Air
Quality Division has identified two areas that might have
the potential of exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) because of existing air quality and/or
projected growth over the next ten years (1975 to 1985).
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has published these
areas as designated Air Quality Maintenance Areas (AQMA's).
They are: Powder River Basin (PRB) and Sweetwater County.
The PRB includes Campbell and Converse Counties and is
designated for two air pollutants; particulates and oxi-
dants. Sweetwater County is designated for particulates and
sulfur dioxide. Figure 1.1 shows the location of the two
AQMA's.
Onqe designated as an AQMA, a detailed analysis of the
impact of projected growth on air quality is required. This
report presents such an analysis for the two areas.
If the AQMA analysis demonstrates that the NAAQS will
not be exceeded, no plan for maintenance of standards is
required and the AQMA can possibly be de-designated.
However, should the analysis show a problem in attaining the
NAAQS by 1975 and/or maintaining the standards from 1975 to
1985, revisions to the Wyoming Air Quality State Implementa-
tion Plan (SIP) and development of an Air Quality Maintenance
Plan (AQMP) will be required.
The procedures used in the AQMA analysis are consistent
with the proposed regulations on maintenance of National
Ambient Air Quality Standards, 40 CFR, Part 51.1 Table 1.1
shows the primary and secondary NAAQS for the three desig-
nated pollutants. If the ambient concentrations are projected
1-1
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I
NJ
POWDER RIVER
BASIN
AQM A
SWEETWATER
AOMA
Figure 1.1. Location of Wyoming AQMA's.
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Table 1.1. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
FOR DESIGNATED POLLUTANTS
Primary NAAQS, Secondary NAAQS,
Pollutant Frequency ug/m3 ug/m3
Suspended Annual geometric mean 75 60
particulate
Maximum 24 hoursa 260 150
Sulfur Annual arithmetic mean 80
dioxide
Maximum 24 hours 365
Maximum 3 hours 1300
Photochemical Maximum 1 houra 160 160
oxidants
Not to be exceeded more than once per year,
1-3
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to exceed any of these NAAQS, a maintenance plan for that
pollutant is required.
The AQMA analysis focuses on annual average concentra-
tions. Short-term levels were not routinely analyzed due to
the increased uncertainty of predicting short-term varia-
tions in future occurrences and of determining the joint
probability of maximum predicted emission rates coinciding
with adverse meteorological conditions. Therefore, an
analysis of annual concentrations was considered adequate in
cases where an attainment or maintenance problem was identified,
A base year of 1974 was used in validating the AQMA
modeling. This was the most recent year for which data
could be obtained. Projection years of 1975, 1980, and 1985
were used since a 10 year planning period is specified in
the proposed regulations for areas in which no other feder-
ally-sponsored planning programs have been conducted.
This report is divided into three major chapters.
Chapter 2 summarizes the findings of the two AQMA analyses.
Chapter 3 includes a detailed analysis of the Powder River
Basin AQMA for particulates and photochemical oxidants. Chap-
ter 4 includes a detailed analysis of the Sweetwater County
AQMA for particulates and sulfur dioxide.
1-4
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2. SUMMARY
The AQMA analysis of the Powder River Basin showed that
the annual particulate NAAQS are currently being attained
but that the secondary standard of 60 ug/m will probably be
exceeded by 1980 and remain in violation through 1985. The
major cause of these predicted high particulate concentra-
tions was shown to be dust from surface mining of coal. Two
areas where violations would occur were identified--north
and southeast of Gillette. No violations were shown near
the Douglas or Reno Junction areas.
The accuracy of the Powder River Basin AQMA analysis
was limited by several factors:
0 The estimates of fugitive dust emissions from
surface mining operations.
0 Source-receptor relationships estimated by a
Gaussian diffusion model,
0 Uncertainty of projected development of coal
mines.
Therefore, the confidence that the air quality projec-
tions are within - 15 ug/m is not great. On the other hand,
if the projections were considerably above the NAAQS (i.e.,
100 ug/m ), an adequate margin of confidence would exist to
justify implementation of maintenance measures. In addition,
maintenance of NAAQS can be reasonably assured in this AQMA
through Wyoming's Department of Environmental Quality ambient
air monitoring program and new source permit system.
2-1
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The AQMA analysis of Sweetwater County showed that the
annual particulate NAAQS are currently being exceeded and
will continue to be exceeded through 1985. Sweetwater
County has both an attainment and a maintenance problem.
The major cause of these violations was shown to be dust
from uncleaned paved streets and from construction activity -
Three "hot spot" areas exceeding the primary standard were
identified in Rock Springs—grids number 2, 3, and 7 in the
central business area. Most parts of Rock Springs and Green
River were shown to violate the secondary standard. Another
possible problem area was identified as the trona industrial
area west of Green River, with the high projected concentra-
tions probably due to fugitive dust emissions around the
trona plants.
The accuracy of the Sweetwater County AQMA analysis was
limited by the following:
0 Estimates of dust emissions from unpaved roads,
paved roads, and construction.
0 Uncertainty of projected traffic volumes based
on transportation and urban development plans.
0 Assumption that particulate emission density
of an area is directly proportional to air
quality in that area.
0 Inability to correlate air quality and emission
data in the trona industrial area.
However, these AQMA analyses have applied best available
modeling and emission projection techniques to quantify
future air quality.
A summary of the magnitude and extent of NAAQS viola-
tions for particulates in both AQMA's is as follows:
2-2
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AQMA/Subarea
Powder River Basin
North of Gillette
Southeast of Gillette
East of Reno Junction
Sweetwater County;
Rock Springs, #2
Rock Springs, #3
Rock Springs, #7
Highest
annual
1974
bkgda
bkgd
bkgd
74
115
101
expected
concentration ,
ug/m^
1980 1985
68 75
62 65
56 58
93 99
114 113
118 121
Extent of area
violating NAAQS ,
mi2
1974 1980 1985
(Secondary std)
8 35
10 10
(Primary std)
.34 .34
1.27 1.27 1.27
1.43 1.43 1.43
bkgd = background
The trona industrial subarea in Sweetwater was not
shown in the summary table of NAAQS violations since the
analysis of this area was qualitative. This was due to the
inability to correlate air quality and emission data.
The oxidant analysis for Powder River Basin indicated
that the one-hour standard may already be exceeded and that
it will probably continue to be exceeded in the future as a
result of natural contributions alone. Although emission
controls for organic compounds from man-made sources would
not assure attainment or maintenance of the NAAQS, they
would minimize the incremental effect of projected develop-
ment in the AQMA.
In conclusion, the analyses performed herein indicate
the need to de-designate the Powder River Basin AQMA for
oxidants and particulates. It is recommended that a contin-
uous monitoring program and the evaluation of the ambient
air quality in the Powder River Basin be maintained to
determine if an AQMP will be needed at some future date.
The AQMA analysis of Sweetwater County shows that the
annual and short-term S02 NAAQS are currently being maintained
2-3
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and will continue to be maintained. Therefore, the develop-
ment of an AQMP for SO,, is not necessary. But because of
the present and projected particulate violations in Sweet-
water County, it is recommended that an attainment plan and
an AQMP be initiated for this AQMA.
2-4
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3. POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA
ANALYSIS AREAS
The Powder River Basin encompasses an area of about 150
miles by 100 miles. Since current air pollutant dispersion
models are unable to perform computations for an area this
size, the Powder River Basin was divided into three smaller
areas. Boundaries for these smaller areas were drawn to
include major existing and projected sources of air pollu-
tant emissions. These sources include urban areas, power
plants, major transportation corridors, coal mining activ-
ity, and coal gasification plants.
The three AQMA analysis areas are Gillette, Reno
Junction, and Douglas. Figure 3.1 shows the location of the
2
three areas and existing and projected coal related activity.
The Gillette area is primarily rolling terrain and can
be characterized as having a potential for rapid develop-
ment. This new development is associated with an increase
in mining activity. Presently, two mines (Wyodak and Amax
South) are active near Gillette. It is anticipated that
five new mines (Carter Oil, Amax North, Kerr-McGee, Carter
Oil South, and Sun Oil) and expansion of existing mines will
2
occur by 1980. This growth in mining activity will induce
new population and construction in the town of Gillette and
an increase in highway and railroad traffic.
The second area, Reno Junction, is located about 40
miles south of the town of Gillette and is also characterized
by rolling terrain. No urban development currently exists
in this area, although a small trailer park of approximately
3-1
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R RRR
79W 78W 77W 76W
RRR RRR RRRR RR
75>V 74W 73W 72W 71W 70W 69W 68W 67W 66W 65W 64W
MONTANA
10 20 30 40 50 Miles
0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers
fr:::::3 Known slrippoble cool
• Point source
Coal mines (existing and proposed)
Figure 3.1. Powder River Basin AQMA analysis areas and point
source location.
3-2
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100 mobile homes is planned by Atlantic Richfield for loca-
tion at the junction of Wyoming 59 and Wyoming 387- Also,
no coal mines exist in this area as yet, but three new mines
2
(Kerr-McGee, Arco, and Peabody) are being planned for 1980.
An increase in highway traffic is expected and the Burlington
Northern and the Chicago and North Western railroads have
proposed a new rail line from Gillette to Douglas which
2
would pass through the Reno Junction area. This area
includes a portion of Campbell and Converse Counties.
The third area, Douglas, contains the towns of Glenrock
and Douglas. Topographic features include the North Platte
River valley; a range of mountains to the south; and flat
terrain to the north. The Douglas area also has the poten-
tial for rapid development as mining activity in the Reno
Junction area induces population growth, construction, and
coal gasification. Both highway and railroad traffic will
2
be increased. The Dave Johnston Power Plant, which pro-
duces energy for Pacific Power and Light, and its coal mine
are existing sources. Another existing operation, the Exxon
USA uranium mine, was not included in the analysis. By
1985, Panhandle Eastern plans to operate a coal gasification
A
plant just north of the town of Douglas.
METHODOLOGY
The methods used in the AQMA analysis are consistent
with those described in the guideline series for air quality
maintenance planning and analysis. Volume 12: Applying
Atmospheric Simulation Models to Air Quality Maintenance
Areas of the guidelines was used to review available models
for application to the Powder River Basin AQMA. The type of
model selected determines what input data will be required.
3-3
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Modeling
Two atmospheric dispersion models were considered for
determining particulate concentrations in the three AQMA
analysis areas: Air Quality Display Model (AQDM) and
Climatological Dispersion Model (COM). The COM was excluded
since it required meteorological data in day-night STAR
program format. Meteorological data obtained from the
National Weather Service for the Powder River Basin were
summarized in STAR program format, the input format for
AQDM. Therefore, AQDM, which estimates annual mean and
maximum concentrations at given receptor locations for both
point and area emission sources, was selected. The AQDM is
applicable to flat or rolling terrain.
The following data are required for AQDM:
0 Location of sources
0 Emission rates
0 Meteorology
0 Background air quality
0 Location of receptors
The following sections discuss each of these data for
the three AQMA analysis areas.
Location of Sources
The locations of point sources in the Powder River
Basin were previously shown.
Each AQMA analysis area was subdivided into grids.
These grids were used to apportion county-wide area source
emissions. Most grids were 10 km with the exception of some
5 km grids used to obtain better spatial resolution around
urban areas.
3-4
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The locations of these area source grids for Gillette,
Reno Junction, and Douglas are shown in Figures 3.2, 3.3,
and 3.4, respectively-
Meteorology
Available meteorological data recorded by the National
Weather Service (NWS) and private industry were reviewed
according to the following criteria: representativeness of
the area to be modeled; completeness of the data; and format
required by AQDM. The rationale for selecting data for each
area is presented below.
For the Douglas area, the NWS Casper STAR program data
(8 obs/day, 1967-71) were selected. Panhandle Eastern
meteorological data at the south site (Douglas) were com-
pared to the Casper STAR program data and showed a strong
similarity in wind direction and wind speed. The Panhandle
Eastern data were not in the proper format for modeling and
additional summarization would have been necessary- Since
there are no recorded annual mixing heights for this area,
Q
Holzworth isopleths were used to determine an average
afternoon annual mixing height of 2000 meters.
For the Gillette and Reno Junction area, the NWS Moor-
croft STAR program data (24 obs/day, 1950-52) were selected.
Since Casper and Moorcroft meteorological data are the only
complete data available for these two areas, they were
compared for similarity. There was only moderate correla-
tion between these two sets of data, as Casper had much
higher wind speeds and less stable atmospheric conditions
than Moorcroft. Since Moorcroft is closer (20 to 30 miles)
to these two areas than Casper (80 to 100 miles), it is
probably more representative. There are no recorded annual
mixing heights for these two areas so Holzworth isopleths
were used to determine an average afternoon annual mixing
height of 2000 meters.
3-5
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4896
4886
4876
tn
V3
•H
0)
u
O
ffl
0)
>-l
(0
-p
0)
rxj
ro
0)
M
3
Cn
448
458
3- 6
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UTM
4850
4810
03
T3
•H
M
Cn
Q)
O
(U
O
•rH
-P
O
C
O
c
Q)
CO
0)
Cn
•H
4800
460
480
490
3- 7
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4750
i
00
:r/r::!^
4740
426
436
Figure 3.4. Douglas area source grids
486
466
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Therefore, the following meteorological assumptions
were used in the AQMA analysis:
0 Casper is representative of Douglas
0 Moorcroft is representative of Reno
Junction and Gillette
0 Five year and three year NWS data
are representative of base year
and projected years
Background Air Quality
The Stoddard Ranch high volume sampling site operated
by the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality recorded
an annual arithmetic mean particulate concentration of 27
3 3
ug/m (geometric mean of 23 ug/m ). This value was used as
a background concentration for each of the three AQMA anal-
ysis areas. The site location is approximately 50 miles
north of Douglas in the Reno Junction area.
Location of Receptors
The AQDM allows the user to input a rectangular array
of receptors and up to 12 special receptors. For the three
modeling areas, an array was specified so as to place a
receptor at each corner of a 5 by 5 km grid. This array was
then superimposed over the area source grids. An example is
shown in Figure 3.5.
The 12 special receptors for each area were located at:
existing sampling sites (two in Reno Junction and one each
in Gillette and Douglas); points of expected high concen-
tration (near major point and area sources).
3-9
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A
10 km
Area source grid boundary
• Receptor
A Special receptor
Figure 3.5. Example receptor array and area source grids.
3-10
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EMISSIONS—BASE YEAR AND PROJECTED
Pollutant emissions are divided into two major cate-
gories: point source and area source. The following
discusses the emissions data used as input to AQDM for the
base year and projection years. ,
Point Sources
Three types of point sources were identified in the
Powder River Basin: power plants; coal gasification plants;
and coal mines.
Base year particulate emissions and stack parameters
for the two power plants (Dave Johnston and Neil Simpson or
Wyodak) were obtained from the point source summaries.
These summaries were prepared by the Wyoming Department of
Environmental Quality and are shown in Appendix A. Pro-
jected emissions were estimated for the Dave Johnston plant
for 1980 and 1985 using an emission reduction factor of
0.87. This control factor was used since a precipitator on
units 1, 2, and 3 operating at 98 percent efficiency is
presently planned for 1980. Projected emissions for the
Wyodak plant include: phase-out of units 1, 3, and 4;
addition of a 330 MW unit by 1980; and addition of a 450 MW
2
unit by 1985. Emissions from unit 5 will be reduced by 78
percent by the addition of control equipment and emissions
from the additional units will meet the New Source Perform-
ance Standards for particulates (0.1 lb/10 Btu) and Wyoming
Air Quality Emission Standards. Stack parameters for the
additional units were obtained from the point source model-
ing data in the Northern Great Plains Resource Program.9
Emissions and stack parameters for the proposed Pan-
handle Eastern coal gasification plant were obtained from
3-11
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the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the coal gasifi-
4
cation project for Campbell and Converse Counties. Since
emission data for the proposed Carter Oil coal gasification
plant were not available, it was assumed that Panhandle
Eastern emissions would be representative. The Panhandle
Eastern plant and the Carter Oil plant are expected to be on
line in 1985.
Base year and projected emissions for coal mines were
estimated from tons of coal mined. A particulate emission
factor was developed for surface mining in the Powder River
Basin, as explained in Appendix B. The final EIS for devel-
2
opment of coal resources in the Eastern Powder River Basin
was used to obtain estimates of the number of tons of coal
mined at each mine in the base year and projection years.
Table 3.1 shows particulate emissions for each point
source in the three AQMA analysis areas. These data were
used to model the Powder River Basin for the base year and
projection years. Stack parameters for the projected point
sources are shown in the point source summaries in Appendix
A.
Although mining activity was considered to be a point
source in this report, it was treated as a superimposed area
source (area = 2 km square) in the AQDM simulation. This
was done since emissions occur over an area and are not
emitted from a stack.
Area Sources
Base year and projected county-wide particulate emis-
sions for each area source category were obtained from the
Wyoming AQMA Area Source Emission Inventory. Table 3.2
shows the summary of these emissions. A detailed descrip-
tion of the procedure used to estimate area source emissions
can be found in the inventory report.
3-12
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Table 3.1. POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
(ton/yr)
I. Area: Gillette
Point source
Year: 1974
Wyodak Power Plant
Amax Coal, South
Wyodak Resources
Year: 1975
Wyodak Power Plant
Amax Coal, South
Wyodak Resources
Year: 1980
Wyodak Power Plant
Amax Coal, South
Wyodak Resources
Amax Coal, North
Carter Oil
Sun Oil
Kerr-McGee North
Year: 1985
Wyodak Power Plant
Amax Coal, South
Wyodak Resources
Amax Coal, North
Carter Oil
Sun Oil
Kerr-McGee North
Carter Gasification
Comment
Units 1,3,4,5
Existing
Existing
Units 1,3,4,5
Existing
Existing
Unit 5+330 MW
Expansion
Expansion
New
New
New
New
Unit 5,330 MW
and 450 MW
Expansion
Expansion
Expansion
Expansion
Expansion
New
Coal mines
Partic
Tons mined emissions
2,515,000
700,000
3,000,000
700,000
10,200,000
2,500,000
15,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
4,200,000
-
15,000,000
5,000,000
20,000,000
12,000,000
12,000,000
4,200,000
415
115
495
115
1,680
415
2,475
1,320
1,650
693
-
2,475
825
3,300
1,980
1,980
693
Plants
Partic
emission
3,384
3,384
1,783
3,754
1,300
3-13
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Table 3.1 (continued). POWDER RIVER BASIN
AQMA POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
(ton/yr)
II. Area: Reno Junction
Coal mines Plants
Partic Partic
Point source Comment Tons mined emissions emissions
Year: 1974 & 1975
None
Year: 1980
Kerr-McGee New 10,000,000 1,650
Arco New 10,000,000 1,650
Peabody New 11,000,000 1,815
Year: 1985
Kerr-McGee Expansion 16,000,000 2,640
Arco Expansion 15,000,000 2,475
Peabody - 11,000,000 1,815
3-14
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Table 3.1 (continued). POWDER RIVER BASIN
AQMA POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
(ton/yr)
III. Area: Douglas
Point source
Coal mines Plants
Partic Partic
Comment Tons mined emissions emissions
Year: 1974
Dave Johnston Power
Plant
PP&L Coal Mine
Year: 1975
Dave Johnston Power
Plant
PP&L Coal Mine
Year: 1980
Dave Johnston Power
Plant
PP&L Coal Mine
Year: 1985
Dave Johnston Power
Plant
PP&L Coal Mine
Panhandle Eastern
Gasification
Units 1,2,3,4 -
Existing 3,000,000 495
Units 1,2,3,4
Existing 3,000,000 495
Precipitator on -
units 1,2,3
(one stack)
Expansion 6,000,000 990
Precipitator on -
units 1,2,3
(one stack)
Expansion 6,000,000 990
26,549
26,549
3,500
3,500
1,300
3-15
-------
Table 3.2. POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA AREA SOURCE
CATEGORIES—PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
(ton/yr)
Source category
Bituminous coal
Distillate oil
Residual oil
Natural gas
Other fuels
Open burning
Highway vehicles
Off-highway vehicles
Railroads
Aircraft
Industrial processes
Unpaved roads
Agriculture
Construction
Aggregate storage
Dust from paved roads
Total
Campbell
1974
98
25
17
8
5
17
90
18
37
-
255
27,836
826
1,486
5
676
31,399
1975 1980
99
31
21
10
6
17
104
32
37
-
255
32,669 56,
826
2,369 2,
5
777 1,
37,258 62,
104
80
53
20
11
17
145
41
176
-
255
628
846
893
5
399
673
1985
109
103
68
25
14
17
148
45
232
-
255
67,944
865
3,117
5
1,751
74,698
Converse
1974
8
12
7
4
3
62
80
17
9
_
84
15,039
1,045
857
8
642
17,877
1975
8
12
7
4
3
62
82
19
9
_
84
15,490
1,045
869
8
655
18,357
1980
8
18
11
5
4
62
83
31
148
_
84
21,060
1,055
925
8
860
24,362
1985
9
21
12
5
4
62
70
19
206
_
84
22,113
1,065
866
8
892
25,436
I
H-
CTi
-------
Area source emissions were projected using Volume 7 of
the AQMA guidelines, Projecting County Emissions, Second
Edition.11 The change in emission rate for each source cate-
gory was estimated in terms of a growth factor. Growth fac-
tors were determined from historical trends, population pro-
jections, economic projections, and other parameters indica-
tive of changes in the activity that produces the emissions.
Area source emissions were allocated to grids using Volume
12
13: Allocating Projected Emissions to Sub-County Areas.
Table 3.3 shows the relative accuracy of data used in pro-
jecting emissions for each source category and in allocating
emissions to the sub-county grids. The general procedure
used to allocate particulate emissions for each source
category is described below.
Fuel combustion emissions were apportioned by popula-
tion. Open burning, aircraft, and aggregate storage emis-
sions were negligible when distributed into each grid.
Highway emissions and dust from paved roads were apportioned
by vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The VMT were calculated
for each grid by determining average daily traffic (ADT) on
each road link from 1974 Wyoming Traffic and measuring
miles of road from Wyoming Highway Department county maps.
Railroad emissions were apportioned by miles of track.
Emissions from off-highway vehicles were distributed by
construction and agricultural activity. Industrial process
emissions from heater treaters were assumed to be located
near oil and gas wells. Emissions from compressors were
negligible when distributed.
The remaining major fugitive dust categories tagricul-
ture, construction, and unpaved roads) were apportioned by
the following techniques. For the Gillette area, agricul-
tural emissions were distributed according to agricultural
14
land use maps. Since agricultural land use maps were not
available for the Douglas area, cropland was divided into
3-17
-------
Table 3.3. POWDER RIVER BASIN PROJECTION AND
ALLOCATION RELIABILITY
Source category
Bituminous coal
Distillate oil
Residual oil
Natural gas
Other fuels
Open burning
Highway vehicles
Off-highway vehicles
Railroads
Aircraft
Industrial processes
Unpaved roads
Agriculture
Construction
Aggregate storage
Dust from paved roads
Projection
*
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
Allocation
*
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
a Level number dependent on source of projection data
and parameter used to parallel growth.
Order number dependent on parameter used to apportion
county-wide emissions.
*
1 = least reliable
2 = moderately reliable
3 = most reliable
3-18
-------
irrigated and non-irrigated and it was assumed that emis-
sions from irrigated cropland occur in a one mile wide area
along the North Platte River. Little agricultural activity
exists in the Reno Junction area.
Residential, commercial, public, and industrial con-
struction emissions were distributed to urban grids and
grids containing existing industrial development. Highway
construction emissions were distributed according to highway
projects in 1974. These projects were located using the
Wyoming Highway Construction Bulletin.
Emissions from unpaved roads were apportioned to grids
using miles of road for each surface type. Miles were
measured from Wyoming Highway Department county maps.
Emissions for projection years from several minor
source categories (fuel combustion, highway, off-highway,
industrial processes, and dust from paved roads) were not
redistributed, but were obtained instead by multiplying base
year emissions for each grid by the county-wide growth
factor. Projected railroad emissions were distributed
according to the proposed location of the new rail line,
2
number of trains, and miles of track. Agricultural emis-
sions in each grid and construction emissions in urban grids
were projected with county growth factors. Projected indus-
trial construction emissions were distributed into grids
with proposed industrial development (i.e., Wyodak Power
Plant, Panhandle Eastern Coal Gasification Plant). Pro-
jected highway construction emissions were not apportioned
due to the uncertainty of their location.
Finally, emissions from unpaved roads were projected
with county growth factors plus an additional weighting fac-
tor of 2.0 for those grids with anticipated higher ADT.
These grids with higher ADT were identified as containing or
being near active coal mines. It was assumed that some
unpaved roads would be paved. These roads were identified
3-19
-------
as links between proposed coal mines and existing paved
roads.
Table 3.4 presents the total area source emissions for
each grid for the base year and projection years. The
projection year of 1975 was not used, since emissions do not
vary significantly from 1974 to 1975.
BASE YEAR AIR QUALITY AND MODEL VERIFICATION
Annual particulate concentrations measured in 1974 at
sampling sites in the Powder River Basin AQMA are shown in
Appendix C. All sampling stations reported that the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), both annual and short
term, were being maintained. Most stations showed concentra-
tions to be at or near background.
The AQDM was applied separately to each of the AQMA
analysis areas using base year emissions. The output
resulted in particulate concentrations for 1974. The model
calculated expected annual arithmetic mean concentration at
each receptor. Four receptors were located at the sampling
sites operating in 1974. The following is a comparison of
measured versus model-predicted annual arithmetic mean
concentration at the sampling sites in the Powder River
Basin:
Measured Predicted
Sampling particulates, particulates,
site ug/m3 ug/m^
Gillette 37 39
Reno Junction 33 29
Stoddard Ranch 27 28
Douglas 38 31
The measured concentrations used in the comparison were
obtained from Table C-l (Appendix C). Data recorded at Reno
3-20
-------
Table 3.4. POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA AREA SOURCE PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS BY GRID
(ton/yr)
Grid No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Gillette
1974 1980 1985
96 361 453
8 21 24
54 132 170
141 465 580
344 1406 1784
167 395 503
327 691 876
953 2882 3353
466 267 328
114 249 307
144 272 332
552 1586 2029
222 887 596
219 471 586
357 799 1011
223 546 700
219 471 586
390 1893 2426
- - -
Reno Junction
1974 1980 1985
105 42 50
301 1391 1106
112 548 702
173 341 433
257 695 891
122 481 615
182 866 1107
189 927 1187
46 227 289
216 610 639
266 787 830
39 56 59
180 242 253
62 104 114
20 20 20
- - -
- - -
- - -
_
Douglas
1974 1980 1985
62 89 94
53 76 80
205 295 310
43 62 65
56 81 85
24 51 58
133 192 201
64 92 97
223 321 337
56 81 85
47 68 71
142 221 236
380 506 525
311 393 407
365 472 489
329 416 430
134 184 191
240 351 370
334 526 484
I
NJ
-------
Junction and Douglas in 1974 were higher than expected due
to localized dust sources near the sampler. Therefore, the
1975 data for these two samplers were used in the model
calibration, since these data were thought to be more repre-
sentative of regional air quality-
Using the four sets of data points, a linear regression
analysis was performed to determine a line of best fit. The
equation of this line is as follows:
y = m x + b (eq.l)
where m = 0.64 (slope)
b = 13.5 (y - intercept)
x = calculated concentration
y = measured concentration
The correlation coefficient, r, was calculated to be
0.64. Possible reasons for only obtaining this fair correla-
tion are:
0 Due to limited sampling data, all three modeling
areas had to be combined to get a single cali-
bration factor.
° Gillette and Reno Junction areas were modeled
with different meteorological data than the
Douglas area.
0 The predicted concentrations are less than 15
ug/m above background, which was assumed to be
constant throughout the PRB. Small variations
in actual background in different parts of the
AQMA would have a strong influence on the total
measured concentrations and resulting correlation.
In view of the major source of emissions (fugitive
dust) and the limited air quality data, this correlation is
3-22
-------
adequate for applying AQDM to the powder River Basin to
determine regional air quality -
The base year concentrations, calculated by AQDM for
each area, were calibrated. The procedure was to multiply
the predicted concentration above the background of 27 ug/m
by the slope of 0.64. This corrected the uncalibrated model
concentrations at each receptor. Also, the arithmetic mean
was converted to a geometric mean by the following equation:
AM/GM= e'1/2 ln2 SGD) (eq.2)
where AM = arithmetic mean
GM = geometric mean
SGD = standard geometric deviation
This equation assumes that air quality data are log-normally
distributed.
Figure 3.6 shows isopleths of calibrated base year
concentrations for the Gillette area. The Reno Junction and
Douglas areas were not presented since the AQDM results
showed all concentration near background (less than 30
ug/m ). Regional annual particulate air quality in the
Powder River Basin indicates no violations of the NAAQS in
1974.
PROJECTED AIR QUALITY
The AQDM was applied separately to each of the AQMA
analysis areas using projected emissions for 1980 and 1985.
Other input data (meteorological, receptor location, and
background) remained the same. The model calculated expected
annual arithmetic mean concentration at each receptor for
1980 and 1985. The model results were calibrated and con-
verted to geometric values using the procedure described in
the preceding section.
3-23
-------
UJ
I
NJ
Figure 3.6. Gillette area base year annual geometric mean particulate
concentrations, (ug/m3).
-------
Figures 3.7 and 3.8 show isopleths of the calibrated
annual geometric mean concentrations for the Gillette area
for 1980 and 1985. These figures indicate that the secon-
dary NAAQS for particulates will be violated in two problem
areas: north and southeast of Gillette. Table 3.5 presents
the source contribution to the particulate loading in each
problem area.
The source contribution table indicates that dust from
coal mining is responsible for the largest percentage
(approximately 50 percent). The town of Gillette contri-
butes only a small percent, mainly from unpaved roads and
construction. The isopleths show the town of Gillette
maintaining the NAAQS. The Wyodak power plant units and
the area sources (i.e., unpaved roads) also contribute a
small percentage. Background is responsible for 33 to 40
percent.
Figures 3.9 and 3.10 show isopleths of the calibrated
annual geometric mean concentrations for the Reno Junction
area for 1980 and 1985. Although concentrations are pre-
dicted to be much higher than in the base year, the annual
standards for particulate are not shown to be violated.
Table 3.6 presents the source contribution to the atmospheric
particulate loading for the area east of Reno Junction. The
breakdown of percent contribution is similar to that of the
Gillette area.
Figure 3.11 shows the isopleths of the calibrated
annual geometric mean concentrations for Douglas. Since
concentrations did not vary from 1980 to 1985, this figure
represents both projection years. No areas are shown to be
exceeding or even approaching the NAAQS. Although emissions
from the two point sources (Dave Johnston Power Plant and
Panhandle Eastern Gasification Plant) are large (3500 and
1300 ton/yr, respectively), tall stacks (500 ft, 300 ft)
prevent high concentrations from reaching ground level.
3-25
-------
U)
I
tsJ
Figure 3.7.
Gillette area projected 1980 annual geometric mean particulate
concentrations (ug/m3).
-------
U)
I
NJ
Figure 3.8.
Gillette area projected 1985 annual geometric mean particulate
concentration (ug/m3).
-------
Table 3.5.
GILLETTE SOURCE CONTRIBUTION TO AREAS OF
NAAQS VIOLATIONS
(percent)
1 —
Source
Point sources
Wyodak Unit 5
New 330 MW
New 450 MW
Wyodak Resources
Amax Coal North
Carter Oil Coal
Amax Coal South
Sun Oil Coal
Carter Gasification
Kerr-McGee North
Area sources
Town of Gillette
Immediate grid
Surrounding grids
Background
Total
North of
1980
neg
neg
-
1
24
13
3
2
-
6
7
3
4
37
100
Gillette
1985
neg
neg
neg
2
26
13
2
2
4
5
7
3
3
33
100
Southeast of
1980
neg
neg
neg
1
1
neg
28
23
-
neg
2
3
2
40
100
Gillette
1985
neg
neg
neg
1
1
neg
29
24
neg
neg
2
3
2
38
100
3-28
-------
co
I
NJ
vo
Figure 3.9.
Reno Junction area projected 1980 annual geometric mean
particulate concentration (ug/m3).
-------
U)
I
U)
o
Figure 3.10
Reno Junction area projected 1985 annual geometric mean
particulate concentration (ug/m3).
-------
Table 3.6. RENO JUNCTION SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS
(percent)
Source
Point sources
Kerr-McGee
Arco
Peabody
Area sources
Immediate grid
Surrounding grids
East of Reno
1980
20
22
5
2
5
Junction
1985
23
22
5
2
6
Background
Total
46
100
42
100
3-31
-------
OJ
I
Figure 3.11.
Douglas area projected 1980 and 1985 annual
geometric mean particulate concentrations (ug/m3;
-------
These sources only add 2 to 3 ug/m to ground level
concentrations.
Meteorological data used in modeling Douglas were for
Casper and were not representative of possible channeling
effects along the North Platte River. However,- this effect
would only double or triple the indicated impacts of the
point sources, so NAAQS violations would still not be
threatened. The town of Douglas was shown to remain near
background even though traffic and construction will increase,
Table 3.7 presents the highest expected annual geometric
mean concentration in each problem area and the extent of
area expected to be violating NAAQS. The area north of
Gillette appears to present the most severe problem.
In the Wyoming AQMA Area Source Inventory, dust from
unpaved roads was shown to be the source category having the
greatest emissions. However, the AQMA analysis indicates
that these emissions in the Powder River Basin only contri-
bute about 2 to 3 ug/m because of their distribution
throughout the area. Conversely, fugitive dust emissions
from mining operations create a greater increment because
they are all emitted from areas of concentrated activity.
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT ANALYSIS
Existing concentrations of photochemical oxidant in the
Powder River Basin (PRB) have been measured at only one
location, the proposed site of the Panhandle Eastern Coal
Gasification plant north of Douglas. In a sampling period
from January through June 1974, the peak one-hour measured
concentration was 0.076 ppm, compared to the NAAQS of 0.08
ppm. Since oxidant concentrations are closely related to
solar intensity and temperature, peak concentrations usually
occur during the summer months with longer daylight hours
and higher temperatures. Therefore, the limited sampling
3-33
-------
Table 3.7. MAGNITUDE AND EXTENT OF NAAQS VIOLATIONS
IN POWDER RIVER BASIN AQMA
Highest expected Extent of area
annual concentration, violating NAAQS , a
ug/m^ mi^
Problem areas 1980 1985 1980 1985
North of Gillette
Southeast of Gillette
East of Reno Junction
68
62
56
75 8 35
65 10 10
58
Secondary standard of 60 ug/m geometric mean.
3-34
-------
data available indicates that the national standard may
already be exceeded in the AQMA, even though very little of
the potential development of the PRB has yet occurred.
Concentrations at or exceeding the standard have also
been observed at many other rural and low-population density
locations in the Rocky Mountain states (EPA Region VIII), as
shown by the data summarized in Table 3.8. No extended
sampling for oxidants has shown levels substantially below
the standard, so it might be concluded from this data that
naturally occurring background concentrations throughout
this part of the country approximate the standard of 0.08
ppm.
Oxidants are not emitted directly into the atmosphere
but are produced by a series of chemical reactions between
organic compounds (including hydrocarbons) and nitrogen
oxides in the presence of sunlight. Research has shown that
the rate of oxidant formation is affected by the specific
organic compounds present, the ratio of organic compounds to
nitrogen oxides, and the meteorological conditions such as
solar intensity, temperature, and atmospheric stability.
Generally, peak concentrations are measured within a
j*.
few hours of noon, although the emissions of precursor
compounds (organics and nitrogen oxides) contributing to
these peak concentrations may occur several hours earlier or
remain from the previous day. Since the atmospheric photo-
chemical reactions usually take several hours, the measured
oxidant concentrations may occur many miles downwind from
the points of emission origin. This transport phenomenon
has been demonstrated quite clearly by sampling data collected
at urban and rural locations in Ohio and surrounding states
23
in 1974. The rural sites, all located within 75 miles of
major metropolitan areas, had levels equal to or greater than
the urban locations. Data from this study are shown in
Table 3.9. Identifiable impacts on oxidant air quality have
3-35
-------
Table 3.8. OXIDANT SAMPLING DATA
SELECTED SITES IN EPA REGION VIII
Sampling site
Source of data
Peak one-hour Date occurred
Highest Next highest Highest Next highest
U)
I
U)
CTi
Douglas, WY
Beulah, ND
Colstrip, MO
Billings, MO
Fort Collins, CO
Oil Shale Area, CO
Tract A
Tract B
Panhandle Eastern
Gasification
Plant EIS
ANG Gasification
Plant EIS
Colstrip Power
Plant EIS
Yellowstone
County Air
Pollution
Control
Agency
PEDCo
Area Oil Shale
Supervisor,
Dept. of Interior
Area Oil Shale
Supervisor,
Dept. of Interior
.076
,117
080
156
130
089
080
.075
.105
.152
.127
Jun 21, 1974 Jun 21, 1974
Jul 20, 1974 Jul 10, 1974
Jun, 1974
Jul 4, 1975 Jul 11, 1975
Oct 18, 1975 Sep 9, 1975
Summer, 1975
Jun 26, 1975
-------
Table 3.9. OZONE DATA FOR OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA,
AND MARYLAND
City Maximum one-hour concentration, ppm
Urban
Cincinnati, OH 0.18
Dayton, OH 0.13
Columbus, OH 0.15
Canton, OH 0.14
Cleveland, OH 0.14
Pittsbugh, PA 0.15
Rural
Wilmington, OH 0.18
McConnelsville, OH 0.16
Wooster, OH 0.17
McHenry, MD 0.17
Dubois, PA 0.20
Occurred during June 14 to August 31, 1974.
Source: Control of Photochemical Oxidants—Technical Basis
and Implications of Recent Findings. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Publication Number EPA-450/2-75-005. July
1975.
3-3 7
-------
been shown to extend 50 to 75 miles from urban areas.
However, there should be no impact from urban transport in
any part of the PRB because of its remoteness from major
metropolitan areas.
The probable sources of oxidant in this AQMA and other
rural locations in Region VIII are: (1) downward transport
from the ozone-rich layers in the stratosphere, due to
strong vertical mixing, and (2) photochemical generation
from organics emitted by vegetation. Ozone transport from
the stratosphere may produce ground level concentrations as
high as 0.03 to 0.05 ppm over extended periods and can cause
even higher readings for one-hour peak periods under certain
23
meteorological conditions.
Other studies have shown that organic compounds emitted
by vegetation may increase oxidants by as much as 0.02 to
24
0.05 ppm. Normally, atmospheric conditions which would
produce high concentrations from downward mixing from the
upper atmosphere are not conducive to high oxidant genera-
tion rates from vegetation, and vice versa. However, the
additive effect from these two sources gives values that
support the hypothesis that measured concentrations of 0.08
ppm and higher in rural areas in the West are almost entirely
due to natural sources of oxidant.
An attempt was made to quantify the emissions from
vegetation in the AQMA, primarily sagebrush, for comparison
with the amount of man-made emissions as estimated in the
Area Source Emission Inventory report. No specific data
on sagebrush emissions were found and no reliable estimate
could be made due to the large variability noted in emission
rates for different types of vegetation. Therefore, the
ratio of locally occurring man-made emissions to naturally
generated emissions cannot be accurately estimated at this
time.
3-38
-------
The Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and
Analysis indicate that analyses for oxidants should be
performed on a regional scale or AQMA-wide basis. Thus,
hydrocarbon emission densities from man-made sources for
subcounty areas (i.e., oil fields, Gillette area) were not
estimated. County-wide emissions were assumed to represent
a regional scale; emission densities were estimated for
Campbell and Converse Counties for the base year and pro-
jection years, as shown in Table 3.10.
The resulting emission densities are significantly
lower than average urban hydrocarbon emission densities (100
2
to 1000 ton/mi /yr) reported to have an impact on measured
peak oxidant concentrations. Even though regional emis-
sion density in the PRB is projected to increase approxi-
mately 35 percent by 1985, this density will still remain
quite small as compared to an urban density.
From available air quality data and related research,
it can be concluded that the NAAQS for oxidant will probably
continue to be exceeded as a result of natural contributions
alone. The increase in concentrations that are the result
of current and projected emissions of organic compounds from
man-made sources in the AQMA cannot be determined from
existing data. An air quality maintenance plan would be
unable to assure strict maintenance of the NAAQS for oxi-
dants because of the impact of natural sources. However, it
would still be prudent to minimize the effect of projected
growth by requiring, through the use of best available con-
trol technology as mandated by Wyoming's air quality permit
system, a control of new hydrocarbon emission sources.
3-39
-------
Table 3.10. POWDER RIVER UAS3N HYDROCAKBON EMISSION DENSITY
Campbell County
Point sources
Wyodak Power Plant
North Simpson (20 MW)
Now 330 MW
New 450 MW
Coal Mining Activity
Diesel powered vehicles
Carter Oil
Gasification plant
Area sources
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Off-highway vehicles
Railroads
Aircraft
Industrial processes
Evaporative losses
Total
County-wide emission
density, ton/mi2/yr:
(area = 5000 mi2)
Converse County
Point sources
Dave Johnston PP&L
Power plant
Diesel powered vehicles
Panhandle Eastern
Gasification plant
b
Area sources
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Off-highway vehicles
Railroads
Aircraft
Industrial processes
Evaporative losses
Total
County-wide emission
density, ton/mi2/yr:
(area = 4200 mi2)
Hydrocarbon
1974
89
--
--
26
—
114
1450
72
141
2
309
6254
8457
1.7
398
16
--
20
1290
55
34
2
85
1374
3274
0.8
cmj ssions ,
1980
21
138
—
405
—
148
1953
113
664
3
309
6394
10148
2.0
398
32
1411
26
1116
73
558
3
85
1397
5099
1.2
Lon/yr
1905
21
138
188
562
1411
165
1192
125
877
4
309
6454
11446
2.3
398
32
1411
28
552
60
776
4
85
1401
4747
1.1
Wyoming Point Source Summaries.
IA?\ f/~\rt^ \ r\ i-t A OIL4 A A w .**..« f* n . . » A _ ^
3-40
-------
4. SWEETWATER COUNTY AQMA
ANALYSIS AREAS
Sweetwater County covers an area of about 120 miles by
90 miles. Terrain in the county includes small mountain
ranges, canyons, river valleys, and flat areas. Sources of
air pollutant emissions are concentrated in three areas:
(1) town of Rock Springs; (2) town of Green River; and (3)
trona (soda ash or sodium carbonate) industrial area. These
three areas were analyzed separately in applying atmospheric
diffusion models to predict future air quality. Large
distances and variations in terrain were the critical factors
in deciding to use separate areas.
The locations of the three AQMA analysis areas are
shown in Figure 4.1. The town of Rock Springs is located
along the Bitter Creek valley which runs east-west and
converges to the east. The town is divided by a steep
plateau (250 ft) to the north and has rolling terrain to the
south. The town of Green River is located in the Green
River valley which also runs east-west. This narrow valley
has steep walls on both sides and a fairly uniform width.
Interstate 80 is located above the town on a steep plateau
(300 ft) which borders the town to the north. Both areas
have been undergoing rapid urban development.
The third area, the trona industrial area, is located
north of Interstate 80 and about 10 miles east of Granger.
This area is characterized as having open, flat terrain.
The Blacks Fork and Green Rivers run through the area.
Presently, there are three industrial plants that process
soda ash—FMC Corporation, Allied Chemical, and Stauffer
Chemical. One new plant, Texasgulf, is under construction
4-1
-------
KATRONA i CONVIRtI
IRON A
INDUSTRIAL
AREA
ROCK SPR I NGS
and
GRFEN RIVER
Green
River
lOurce Wyoming Highway Dtp
Figure 4.1. Sweetwater County AQMA analysis area locations.
-------
and will be in operation by 1980. Also, the existing plants
are planning to increase production by 1980. The trona
industry in Wyoming produces 45 percent of the total U.S.
soda ash.
One other area of Sweetwater County that was excluded
from the AQMA analysis is the Jim Bridger power plant area.
The power plant is located about 30 miles east of Rock
Springs. It was excluded because an environmental impact
18
statement has previously been prepared showing that it will
not threaten air quality standards locally; the plant is
remote enough from other large sources that it will not
contribute to concentrations in any of the problem areas in
the AQMA. The analysis performed in the EIS examined both
short-term and annual conditions using site-specific meteoro-
logical data and generally conservative assumptions for emis-
sion rates and plume dispersion. The results of the EIS
analysis are summarized in the projected air quality section
of this chapter.
METHODOLOGY
The methods used in the AQMA analysis of Sweetwater
County are consistent with those described in the guideline
series for air quality maintenance^lanning and analysis.
Modeling
Two types of atmospheric diffusion models were consid-
ered for predicting particulate and SO2 concentrations in
the trona industrial area: AQDM and CDM. The AQDM was
selected, since most of the emissions in this area are from
point sources and existing meteorological data are in the
proper format for input to AQDM (STAR program format).
4-3
-------
Two types of atmospheric simulation models were consid-
ered for determining particulate concentrations in the Rock
Springs and Green River areas: (1) ventilated valley (box)
model; and (2) emission density versus air quality relation-
ship. Gaussian diffusion models were excluded from consid-
eration due to complex terrain. Since mixing height data
were not available and the Rock Springs area had irregularly
shaped valleys, the box model was excluded. (Mixing height
is a critical input parameter in box modeling.) Therefore,
an empirical relationship between particulate emission
density and air quality was used to estimate annual average
concentrations.
Trona Industrial Area
The following data were required as input to AQDM:
0 Location of sources
0 Emission rates
0 Meteorology
0 Background air quality
0 Location of receptors
The locations of point sources and area source grids
are shown in Figure 4.2. The large grids are 10 km square.
This area includes Interstate 80, the town of Granger, and
unpaved roads near the trona plants.
For meteorological data, the NWS Rock Springs Airport
STAR program data (1967-71, 8 obs/day) were selected. The
airport is located on a mesa above the Bitter Creek valley
about 40 miles east of the trona industrial area. Data
obtained from the FMC Corporation were compared to the air-
port data and showed a strong similarity in wind direction
and wind speed. However, the FMC data were not in the
4-4
-------
593
613
4622
4602
4592 - UTM's
tea le in miles
PT SOURCE •
SAMPLER A
Figure 4.2. Trona Industrial Area point source and
area source grids.
4-5
-------
proper format for AQDM modeling and lacked atmospheric
stability data. Data obtained from Allied Chemical were
also incomplete. Since there are no recorded annual mixing
p
heights for this area, Holzworth isopleths were used to
determine an average afternoon annual mixing height of 2200
meters.
The following meteorological assumptions were used in
applying AQDM to this area:
0 Rock .Spring Airport is representative
of the trona industrial area.
0 Five year NWS data are representative
of base year and projection years.
In 1974, the primary sources of background particulate
data for Sweetwater County were the hi-vol sites operated by
Texasgulf. These four sites were located west of the present
trona industries. The annual geometric means from these
sites are as follows:
Site 007 - 22 ug/m
Site 008 - 26 ug/m
Site 009 - 19 ug/m3
Site 010 - 20 ug/m
Texasgulf"s data agreed well with a previous study of five
Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR's) in the western United
States, in which background particulate levels in northern
Nevada (similar climate to the trona industrial area) varied
3 19
from 20 to 30 ug/m . Therefore, it was determined that a
background of 28 ug/m (annual arithmetic mean) or 23 ug/m
(annual geometric mean) would be used in the AQDM simulation.
Receptors were located in the same grid configuration
as described in Chapter 3 for the Powder River Basin AQMA.
4-6
-------
Special receptors were located at the Granger sampling site
and four permanent Allied Chemical sampling sites.
Rock Springs and Green River Areas
The following data were required as input to the emis-
sion density versus air quality relationship:
0 Size of each grid
° Location of sampling sites
0 Emissions for each grid
There are no point sources in these two AQMA analysis
areas. Therefore, only area source emissions were used.
The existing coal mine located near Rock Springs is an
underground mine and therefore not a major point source.
Rock Springs and Green River were subdivided into grids
according to topography and development density- Figures
4.3 and 4.4 show these grids and the locations of existing
sampling sites.
Meteorological data were not required, since this
technique assumes that ground level emission density (dust
from area sources) is directly proportional to particulate
air quality.
Grid sizes were measured using town planning maps and
are shown in Appendix D.
EMISSIONS—BASE YEAR AND PROJECTED
Trona Industrial Area
Pollutant emissions were divided into two major cate-
gories: point sources and area sources. Two pollutants
were used in the AQDM simulation: particulates and SO9.
4-7
-------
O
o •
&)
ft
H-
O
3
cn
Tl
H-
03
e
M
fD
N
I
CD
O
O
cn
13
CO
fD
0>
cn
O
O
(D
H-
Cb
t/l
cn
&)
'O
M
ft)
ROCK SPRINGS
WYOMING
-------
GREEN
RIVER
(1\ GRID NO
SAMPLER
Figure 4.4. Green River area
source grids and sampler
locations.
•HH-Hh8f*-
4-9
-------
Base year particulates and SC>2 point source stack
emissions and stack parameters for the three trona plants
(FMC, Allied, and Stauffer) were obtained from the point
source summaries in Appendix A.
Projected stack emissions for 1980 and 1985 for FMC and
Allied were obtained from the Wyoming Department of Environ-
mental Quality. Base year stack emissions for 1976 were
used in projecting Texasgulf emissions to 1980 and 1985 (see
Appendix A). Growth factors based on expected production
rates were used to project base year stack emissions for
both Texasgulf and Stauffer.
Due to the confidential nature of these projected
emissions, a source-by-source presentation is not included
in this report. Therefore, the following is a summary of
the total stack emissions (particulate and SO ) for all four
trona plants for the base and projection years:
Total stack emissions, ton/yr
Year
1974
1980
1985
Particulates
2615
4721
6265
Sulfur dioxide
6365
15886
20537
Particulates will increase about 80 percent by 1980 and
about 140 percent by 1985; SO- will increase about 150
percent by 1980 and 220 percent by 1985.
Base year and projected county-wide particulate and S02
area source emissions for each category were obtained from
the Wyoming AQMA Area Source Inventory. Table 4.1 shows a
summary of these emissions. A detailed description of the
procedure used to estimate area source emissions can be
found in the inventory report.
Approximately the same procedure as described in Chap-
ter 3 for the PRB AQMA was used to project and allocate area
source emissions to grids.
4-10
-------
Table 4.1. SWEETWATER COUNTY AQMA AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES
PARTICULATE AND SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
(ton/yr)
Source category
Bituminous coal
Distillate oil
Residual oil
Natural gas
Other fuels
Open burning
Highway vehicles
Off-highway vehicles
Railroads
Aircraft
Industrial processes
Unpaved roads
Agriculture
Construction
Aggregate storage
Dust from paved roads
Total
Particulates
1974
25
24
11
42
6
3
368
30
200
4
53
24,588
25
8,588
108
2,325
36,400
1975
24
27
12
47
7
3
393
33
200
4
53
27,000
25
9,250
108
2,488
39,674
1980
17
36
17
63
9
3
379
44
200
5
53
33,678
25
11,345
108
2,999
48,981
1985
13
39
18
67
9
3
335
47
200
6
53
34,975
26
11,896
108
3,139
50,934
1974
24
70
91
3
2
-
141
34
455
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
824
Sulfur
1975
22
78
102
3
2
-
151
37
455
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
854
Dioxide
1980
16
105
137
4
3
-
184
50
455
3
2
-
-
-
-
-
959
1985
12
111
146
4
3
-
176
53
455
4
2
-
-
-
-
-
966
I
I—I
H1
-------
Table 4.2 presents the total area source emissions for
each grid for the base year and projection years.
Rock Springs and Green River Areas^
Since measured SO,, concentrations in Rock Springs were
3
less than 10 ug/m for all 24 hour periods in 1974, the AQMA
analysis for these areas was limited to particulates.
Base Year - Particulate emissions were calculated for each
grid in Rock Springs and Green River for the following area
source categories:
0 Dust from unpaved roads
0 Dust from paved roads
0 Dust from unpaved shoulders
0 Construction dust
0 Fuel combustion
0 Highway vehicles, exhaust
0 Railroads
The 1974 calculated emissions, emission density, emis-
sion factors, apportioning factor, and other parameters are
shown in Appendix D (Table D-l for Rock Springs and Table D-
2 for Green River).
Base year traffic data for Rock Springs and Green River
were obtained from the Wyoming State Highway Department. '
Green River population data were also obtained from the
Wyoming State Highway Department. Construction data (loca-
tion, size of area) were obtained from the Rock Springs and
Green River planning departments.
4-12
-------
Table 4.2. SWEETWATER COUNTY AQMA AREA SOURCE
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS BY GRID
(ton/yr)
Grid No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Trona Industrial Area
1974
PART
' 2701
138
712
22
1
237
0
658
546
87
204
303
6
109
S°2
10
0
9
0
3
5
0
8
8
4
4
7
0
5
1980
PART
4262
207
973
31
1
353
0
892
724
112
155
299
7
91
so2
15
0
10
0
3
6
0
6
9
8
8
9
0
6
1985
PART
3538
221
1026
34
1
375
0
942
761
112
158
315
7
94
so2
16
0
10
0
3
6
0
9
9
5
5
8
0
5
4-13
-------
Traffic data included maps of traffic volumes for major
arterials and interstates. Local traffic was added by
assuming that it was 20 percent of the total traffic assigned
to streets in a grid. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were
determined by multiplying traffic volumes by miles of road.
The VMT data for each grid were used to estimate reintrained
dust emissions from paved roads. Uncleaned streets were
identified by a field trip to each town.
Emissions from unpaved roads for the base year were
calculated for four types of roads. County roads and city
streets have traffic with higher average speeds; local
streets and alleys have lower average speeds. The VMT was
determined by measuring miles of roads and streets (using
town maps provided by the planning departments) and assuming
average daily traffic volumes (high-100 ADT; medium-50 ADT;
low-20 ADT).
The population distribution used to apportion Sweetwater
21
County fuel combustion emissions is as follows:
Rock Springs - 59 percent
Green River - 23 percent
Remainder of county - 18 percent
Percent population for each individual grid is shown in
Appendix D. Vehicle exhaust emissions were apportioned by
VMT. Railroad emissions were apportioned by miles of track.
Projections - The base year particulate emissions were pro-
jected to 1980 and 1985 for Rock Springs and Green River
using growth factors for each source category. The growth
factors, resultant emissions, and emission densities are
shown in Appendix D.
Projected traffic volumes for 1980 and 1985 for major
arterials and interstates were provided by the Wyoming State
4-14
-------
22
Highway Department for Rock Springs. These traffic volumes
were converted to growth factors for each grid. Other
source category emissions not related to VMT were projected
with county population growth factors (1.50 for 1974 to 1980
and 1.60 for 1974 to 1985).
Projected traffic volumes for Green River were not
available. Therefore, total VMT per capita for Rock Springs
was compared to total VMT per capita for Green River. This
ratio for Rock Springs was shown to be fairly constant
through the projection years. It was assumed that Green
River would have a VMT per capita of 7.0 in 1980 and 1985.
This yielded a VMT growth factor of 1.54 for 1980 and 1985.
Table 4.3 summarizes this analysis. The same growth factor
(1.54) was used for each grid, since traffic should increase
uniformly throughout this town.
One additional grid in the Rock Springs area was used
to estimate projected emissions. A circular area (one mile
in diameter) located in a new development section was used
as a grid. This area is a floating zone, since exact devel-
opment location is not known at this time. Unpaved road
emissions were not calculated, since it is uncertain as to
how many miles of new unpaved road will be built. Presently,
no unpaved roads exist in this area.
The proposed arterial street system for Rock Springs is
shown in Appendix E.
BASE YEAR AIR QUALITY AND MODEL VERIFICATION
Annual particulate and S02 concentrations measured in
1974 at sampling sites in the Sweetwater AQMA are shown in
Appendix C. One site at Rock Springs (Fearn) and one site
at Allied Chemical (Site 1) showed violations of the annual
NAAQS for particulates (115 ug/m and 124 ug/m geometric
means, respectively). One other site in Rock Springs (Logan)
4-15
-------
Table 4.3. VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT) PER CAPITA PROJECTIONS
Parameter
Total VMT/day
Population
VMT/capita
Rock Sprinqs
1974
147,737
22,000
6.7
GFa
1.44
1.50
1980
213,018
33,000
6.5
GF
1.57
1.60
1985
232,720
34,000
6.8
Green River
1974
56,758
7,500
7.6
GF
1.54
1.67
1980
87,500
12,500
7.0b
GF
1.54
1.67
1985
87,500
12,500
7.0b
I
I—•
0\
GF = growth factor
assumed
-------
approached the annual primary standard and exceeded the
secondary standard. Data at other industrial sites were
insufficient to calculate annual averages. All S09 data
£*
showed negligible concentrations, except at FMC, which had
data for only one quarter in 1974.
Trona Industrial Area
The AQDM was applied to this area using base year
emissions. The output resulted in predicted annual arith-
metic mean concentrations for 1974-75 at each receptor.
Five receptors were placed at selected sampling sites oper-
ating in 1974-75. Measured data were for the period from
April 1974 to March 1975. The following is a comparison of
measured versus model-predicted annual arithmetic mean
particulate concentrations at the selected sampling sites in
the trona industrial area:
Sampling
site
Granger
Allied-1
Allied-2
Allied-3
Allied-4
Measured particulates,
66
120
93
87
61
Predicted particulates,
ug/m^
32
39
38
33
35
No comparison was made for S0~ concentrations, since
sampling data were so limited. However, the model-predicted
annual arithmetic mean concentrations were all less than 5
ug/m0.
The comparison of particulate concentrations showed
that the model significantly underpredicted the measured
concentrations. Two possible reasons for this underpre-
diction are: (1) fugitive dust sources from industrial
processes were assumed to be negligible; (2) Allied sampling
4-17
-------
sites were not representative of air quality in the vicinity
of the plant.
An attempt was made to quantify the fugitive dust
sources (i.e., tailings ponds, mining sites, shipping areas,
haul roads, and stockpiles). However, test data on emission
factors and associated industrial process data were unavail-
able. Additional research is needed in this area. Also, a
very large amount of additional particulate emissions would
be necessary to show an increase of 50 to 70 ug/m over the
presently predicted concentrations.
The Allied sites were located, installed, and operated
by Allied Chemical Company and could possibly be measuring
localized dust sources. Since measured concentrations
within a small area differ by a factor of 2.0, the data do
not appear to be representative for regional-scale analyses.
Because of the above reasons, AQDM for the trona
industrial area was not verified or calibrated for the base
year.
Rock Springs and Green River Areas
Emission densities for 1974 were estimated for three
r
grids in Rock Springs and one grid in Green River. These
four grids each contain a high volume particulate sampler.
It was assumed that a sampler is representative of air
quality in its grid.
Sampling data (annual geometric mean) for 1974 were
compared to corresponding grid emission densities.
Grid No
1
2
3
4
Measured
particulates,
./Sampler ug/m^
Green River
Rock Springs-Logan
Rock Springs-Fearn
Rock Springs-Alder
65
74
115
39
Emission
density,
ton/mi2/yr
266
442
730
110
4-18
-------
These data points are shown in Figure 4.5. A linear
regression analysis was performed to determine a line of
best fit. The equation of this line is as follows:
y = m x + b (eq.3)
where m = 0.117 (slope)
b = 27.8 (y - intercept)
x = emission density
y = particulate air quality
(geometric mean)
This resulted in a background concentration of 28 ug/m
(zero emission density). The correlation coefficient, r,
was calculated to be 0.985. This correlation between esti-
mated emission density and sampling data is unusally high
and reveals a strong relationship.
Since this relationship yielded reasonable results, the
equation of the line was used to determine air quality in
other grids for the base year from estimated emission
densities.
PROJECTED AIR QUALITY
Particulate air quality for the trona industrial area
was not projected because of problems encountered with model
verification. However, if it is assumed that the Allied
Chemical Company sampling sites are representative of
regional air quality, then the annual NAAQS would probably
continue to be exceeded given that particulate emissions are
projected to increase approximately 140 percent by 1985.
Since stack emissions and area source emissions accounted
for only 8 to 10 ug/m above background (approximately 12
percent of the highest measured concentration) in the uncal-
ibrated AQDM model run, then fugitive dust sources associated
4-19
-------
800 - •
700- -
600- -
™H 500- -
c
o
4J
51 400- -
C
HI
Q
C
o
» 300- -
•
a
200- -
100.
Participate Air Quality vs Emission Density
Fearn A,
60
80 100
Annual Geometric Mean
(yg/m3)
Figure 4.5. Rock Springs and Green River emission density
versus particulate sampling data.
4-20
-------
with the trona mines probably are the primary contributors
to concentrations above the standard in the trona industrial
area. Additional research is necessary to quantify the
impact of these fugitive dust sources on measured concentrations,
Sulfur dioxide air quality was also not projected since
the base year annual concentrations were so small (less than
5 ug/m ). Even though SO- emissions in the trona industrial
area will increase over 200 percent by 1985, it is safe to
assume that the NAAQS will be maintained. Further analysis
for maximum short-term S0_ concentrations will be performed,
although it is unlikely (because of the distance between
sources) that either the 3-hour or 24-hour standard will be
threatened.
Particulate air quality was projected for the Rock
Springs and Green River areas using the emission density-air
quality relationship determined for the base year. Both
base year and projected particulate concentrations are shown
for each grid in Tables 4.4 and 4.5, respectively. These
results indicate that the primary NAAQS for particulates
will be violated in several areas of Rock Springs—grids 2,
3, and 7 shown in Figure 4.3. Green River is shown to
exceed the secondary standard in 1985 in all four grids.
Appendix D can be used as a source contribution table
for each grid. For Rock Springs and Green River, uncleaned
roads, unpaved roads, and construction are the major con-
tributing sources. Table 4.6 presents the source contri-
bution to particulate loading in the three grids identified
as exceeding the primary standard. This table shows uncleaned
roads and construction causing the greatest impact.
The growth area grid for Rock Springs has predicted
concentrations of 44 and 52 ug/m in the projection years
and, therefore, would possibly violate the NAAQS if new
unpaved roads are allowed in this area.
4-21
-------
Table 4.4.
ROCK SPRINGS PARTICULATE EMISSION DENSITY
AND PREDICTED AIR QUALITY
Grid No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Growth area
Emission density,
ton/mi 2/yr
1974
243
442
730
110
107
418
629
106
—
1980 1985
342 373
558 608
736 726
160 171
205 220
362 383
770 797
235 290
137 211
Suspended
1974
56a
80
113
41
40
77
101
40
-
particulates ,
ug/m-3
1980
68
93
114
47
52
70
118
55
44
1985
71
99
113
49
54
73
121
62
52
Expected annual geometric mean.
Table 4.5.
GREEN RIVER PARTICULATE EMISSION DENSITY
AND PREDICTED AIR QUALITY
Grid No.
1
2
3
4
Emission density,
ton/mi2/
1974 1980
266 376
242 343
229 347
115 316
vr
1985
376
343
362
316
Suspended particulates,
uq/m^
1974 1980
59a 72
56 68
55 68
41 65
1985
72
68
70
65
Expected annual geometric mean.
4-22
-------
Table 4.6. ROCK SPRINGS SOURCE CONTRIBUTION TO
AREAS OF NAAQS VIOLATIONS
(percent)
Source
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Background
Total
1974
4
—
15
—
7
--
33
4
--
1
1
—
35
100
Grid
1980
4
—
16
—
7
—
35
4
—
2
2
--
30
100
2
1985
4
—
16
—
8
—
36
4
__
2
2
--
28
100
1974
4
12
3
— —
7
—
33
1
10
3
2
—
25
100
Grid
1980
4
12
3
—
7
—
33
1
10
3
2
—
25
100
3
1985
4
12
3
— —
7
--
33
1
10
3
2
--
25
100
1974
13
—
—
— —
2
__
9
1
46
--
1
--
28
100
Grid 7
1980
13
—
—
— —
5
1
16
1
39
1
—
24
100
1985
15
—
—
— —
5
—
16
1
39
--
1
--
23
100
4-23
-------
Finally, previous analyses18'26 of the Jim Bridger
power plant showed the following projected impact on ground
level air quality from all four units (scheduled to be in
operation by 1980) :
Pollutant
Particulate
Sulfur dioxide
Annual mean
concentration, ug/m
< 1
18
Max 24-hr,
ug/m^
6
138
Max 3-hr,
ug/m-^
n .d.
529
n.d. = not determined
These concentrations would be added to the background
concentration. It is apparent that this source would not by
itself result in violation of the NAAQS in the surrounding
area, which at present contains no other major emission
sources.
4-24
-------
REFERENCES
1. Maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Federal Register. 4_0:203, October 20, 1975. p. 49048-
49063.
2. Final Environmental Statement for Proposed Development
of Coal Resources in the Eastern Powder River Coal
Basin of Wyoming. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Interstate Commerce Commission, Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C. October 18, 1974.
3. Communication with Bob Huff. Atlantic Richfield Company,
Denver, Colorado. August 1975.
4. Applicants' Environmental Assessment for a Proposed
Gasification Project in Campbell and Converse Counties,
Wyoming. SERNCO, Incorporated, Denver, Colorado.
Prepared for Wyoming Coal Gas Company and Rochelle Coal
Company. October 1974.
5. Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and
Analysis. Volume 12: Applying Atmospheric Simulation
Models to Air Quality Maintenance Areas. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Publication Number EPA-450/4-74-013.
September 1974.
6. Air Quality Display Model. TRW Systems Group, Washing-
ton, D.C. Prepared for U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, National Air Pollution Control
Administration. November 1969.
7. User's Guide for the Climatological Dispersion Model.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Publication Number EPA-R4-73-024. December 1973.
8. Holzworth, G. C. Mixing Heights, Wind Speeds, and
Potential for Urban Air Pollution throughout the Contig-
uous United States. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publi-
cation Number AP-101. January 1972.
9. Northern Great Plains Resource Program, Atmospheric
Aspects Work Group Report, Prepared by the States of
Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and
Wyoming; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S.
Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of the
Interior. Discussion draft. December 1974.
R-l
-------
10. Wyoming AQMA Area Source Emission Inventory. PEDCo-
Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Air
Quality Division. June 1975.
11. Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and
Analysis. Volume 7: Projecting County Emissions,
Second Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publication
Number EPA-450/4-74-008. January 1975.
12. Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and
Analysis. Volume 13: Allocating Projected Emissions
to Sub-County Areas. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publi-
cation Number EPA-450/4-74-014. November 1974.
13. Wyoming Traffic. Wyoming State Highway Department,
Planning Division, Cheyenne, Wyoming. April 1975.
14. Breckenridge, R. M. , G. B. Glass, F. K. Roof, and W. G.
Wendell. Campbell County, Wyoming Geologic Map Atlas
and Summary of Land, Water, and Mineral Resources. The
Geological Survey of Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming. Map:
Environmental Geology. County Resource Series Number
3. December 1974.
15. Wyoming Construction Bulletin. Wyoming Highway Depart-
ment, Cheyenne, Wyoming. January-December 1974.
16. A Mathematical Model for Relating Air Quality Measure-
ments to Air Quality Standards. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publication Number AP-
89. November 1971.
17. 1974 Wyoming Mineral Yearbook. Wyoming Department of
Economic Planning and Development, Cheyenne, Wyoming.
1974.
18. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Jim Bridger
Thermal-Electric Generation Project. U.S. Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. April
1972.
19. investigation of Fugitive Dust Sources, Emissions, and
Control. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publication Number EPA-
450/3-74-036. 1974.
20. Travel Volumes—Rock Springs Streets for 1973. Wyoming
State Highway Department, Rock Springs, Wyoming.
September 1975.
R-2
-------
21. Interim Report to the Policy Committee of the Rock
Springs-Green River Area Transportation Planning
Process. Wyoming State Highway Department, Planning
Division, Cheyenne, Wyoming. September 1974.
22. Forecasted Traffic Volumes for 1980 and 1985 for Rock
Springs, Wyoming. Wyoming State Highway Department,
Cheyenne, Wyoming. December 1975.
23. Control of Photochemical Oxidants—Technical Basis and
Implications of Recent Findings. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Publication Number EPA-450/2-75-005. July
1975.
24. Rasmussen, R. A. and Robinson, E. The Role of Trace
Atmospheric Constituents in a Surface Ozone Model.
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
1975.
25. Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and
Analysis. Volume 2: Plan Preparation. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Publication Number EPA-450/4-74-002. July
1974.
R-3
-------
APPENDIX A
WYOMING POINT SOURCE SUMMARIES
-------
1.0. NUP8E
ST CO AO PLT
0000
ft
0180
> 0700
•
5200602430000
5200802430000
I
5200802430001
» 5200802430001
» 1
M 5200302430002
» 5200802430002
»
5200802430002
» 5200802430002
»
5200602430003
» 5200302430003
>
5200802430004
5200802430004
5200802430005
5200802430005
— 5 200 60 2 4 30 00 5
5200802430006
s 20 o a 0243000 6
R
PT YR
/1ft
01
02
01 74
02 60
QO
01 74
03 74
04 74
AM
01 74
02 60
00
01 80
0? -iLC.
00
01 80
00
Cl 80
UTM COORD, KM S TACK U A T A ESTIMATED EMISSIONS, TPlT ALLU«ABLE
— ______ HT . DIA TEMP FLOW PLUME — — — — ~ ••• " — ~ — ---••- — - EMISS»TPY
PLANT/POINT NAME HORIZ VERT (FT» (FT> IF» (ACFM) HT PART S02 NOX HC CO PART S02
COLNTY CODES - MYGPIhG . . .
CAPPEtLL CCUNTV . • " ' .
CONVERSE CLUNTY . . .
SfcEETkATEft COUNTY . . .
CAMPBELL CO. PT. SURGES . . .
f . •
WYOCAK RESOURCES/ 469.8 4903.9 . -^fl-5- US
HYCDAK RESOURCES/ 468.8 4901.2 . *»** <*»
N. SIMPSON . .
N. SIMPSON/BLACK HILLS #1 470.2 4903.6 57 5.4 600 28000 1612 213 273 5 15 91
N. SIMPSON/BLACK HILLS #4 470.2 4903.6 72 6.0 580 47000 142 158 66 34 113 56
N. SIMPSON/BLACK HILLS #5 470*2 4903.6 110 6.0 500 121000 1511 998 1278 21 71 309
A f A « rn ft i *i nn T h > . .
AMAX COAL SCUTH 470.5 4880.5 . t**t* 4^5
AMAX COAL SOUTH 470.5 4800.5 . **«» frg£>
AM0X CCAL SOUTH 468*9 48flOi5 - * B4M ~**f'Je::>
KERR MCGEE . . •
KERR MCCtc COAL MINE 461.0 4839.5 . **t» '
ARCO . . .
ARCC COAL MINE 478.2 4835.7 • **««• /65o
AflCQ COAL PINE 479*3 4834. b • >8i< T^"7^
PEABOOY . • •
PEABCOY COAL MIKE 48O.8 4820.8 . **5O- tgl^
-------
1.0. NU*8ER
ST CO AO PLT PT
PLANT/POINT NAME
UTM CUORD.KM S TACK OAT A
t-T. DIA TEMP FLOW PLUME
HORI2 VERT (FT) (FT» (FJ (ACFMJ HT
ESTIMATED EMISSIONS. TRY
PART
S02
NOX
HC
ALLOHAbLt
fcMISS.TPY
PART S02
5200802430007 00 BLACK HILLS PPCL
^200802430007 01 80 BLACK MLLS/NEW 330 HH
5200802430C07 C2 85 BLACK HILLS/NcM 450 HH
470.2 49fr?vti t« »^8— 4^)fl-
470.2 4903.6 120E 3.dE 400E
1200
1600
5200802430008 00 AMAX COAL NORTH
520080243000B 01 80 AMAX CCAL NORTH
5200802430006 02 65 AMAX COAL NORTH
-
461.2 4910.4
459.5 4910.4
•
«*W 33oo
5200802430009 00
CARTER OIL
—57OO8&?430CCS Cl 80 dAETEK GIL COAL MfE
5200802430009 02 85 CARTER OIL COAL MINE
461.2 4917.3
459.4 4917.3
-4*W f 1,-L&
!9fa
5200802430009 03 35 CARTER/GASIFICATION
462.2 4917.3 300E
3SOE1230660E
1300
—5200ftO?4-;O010 00
il'N OIL
5200802430010 01 80 SUN OIL COAL MINE
>
'•-> 5200802430010 t2 85 SUN CiL COAL MINE
—520180-24 WOOO-HJO
472.8 4876.0
**««
4/0.3 4876.0
5201802410000 01
CONVERSE CO. PT. SCURCES
5201802410000 02
-520180241OOO I—«fl-
-e-i—JOW*S^TON—pp-et—
5201802410001 01 74 D. JCHNSTON PP&L/UMT 1 436.5 4743.0 250 12.5 270 441786
/ddo
4912
4678
78
260 553V 3462
5806
5201802410001 04 74 D. JOHNSTON PPtL/UNIT 2 436.5 4743.0 250 12.5 270 441786 7349 4577
— 5201802410001 07 74 D. jC-t-NST-BN-PPGL/UMT 3 436i 5~47^4»»O-—2-5O—1*»0 2-1
!01802410001 10 74 D. JCHNSTON PP1.L/UMT 4 436.5 4743.0 250 32.0 120 2412743 2ttO
£201802410001 11 BO D. JhNST PPCL/UN1TS It2,3 436.5 4743.0 500 28.OE 260 575000E 3500
3201802410C02 ~00~ —P«—JfcHtrSTBN-€C-
-------
1.0. NUMBER
UTM COORD ,1
S TACK OATA-
ESTIMTEO EMISSIONSt TPY ALLOWABLE
ST CO 40 PLT PT
M. U1A 1 tflK I-LUW KLUHb - cnui.ii
VR PLANT/POINT NAME HORIZ VERT n inn 3 tt. 1t\(\(\ ?
5207002430002
5207002430002
5?O7OO?4iana?
5207002430002
5207002430002
?JQ700'1r.o*irnir T e-V-nOA/ZC n I Kl C
604.
604.
6U4.
604.
604.
604.
604.
604.
AO4
£04.
604.
604
604.
604.
604*
604.
«.ni.
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
i
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
A
4605.4
4605.4
^ ft O S 4
4605.4
4605.4
'605 4
4605.4
4605.4
'
4605.4
4605.4
A /L A t; 4
4605.4
4605.4
4605.4
4605.4
4605.4
4605*4
4605.4
i«,<.p,s:=*i.
87
59
49
1 OO
100
100
13fl
138
136
1 3D
136
15t
156
97
97
72
72
,-.?.*.
5.0
2.2
•>
2.2
*
^^'i
3.5
3.5
£ fl
6.8
£.8
350
70
66
1 fi-4
194
194
426
428
426
120000
17562
15500
1 fi47 i
16473
18473
65370
65370
65370
24 62 166 5 10
9
- - l rt .-..'.•
7
A.
4
4
75 •'.* . ,', :..
25
25
£^g /.TO *.«il7<» -SO
6.8
10.5
12*5
2.2
1.5
3
.3
..*-»
426 65370
350
317
70
194
275
275
**Aa -.
250000
•448000
17800
5400
600
600
. .^JSOOtt,^,
39
261 2464 1599
- • 233
9
4
0 n • • ^
0
_.10
-------
0
o
1.0. NUMBER
ST CO AO PLT
FT
YR
PLANT/POINT NAME
UTM CUORO.KM
HORIZ
VERT
S T A
HT. DIA
(FTI IFT)
C K
TEKP
>
' £207002430002
P^
5207002430002
5207002430002
52070024300U2
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
5207002430002
32
33
34
35
24
37
36
JO
40
•4 >
43
44
44
47
49
50
-i-t-
52
53
-34-
55
56
56
59
74
it
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
76
76
-+tr
76
76
-ttr
76
76
-ttr
76
76
74
74
AC/CISSOLVER «1 GR-2-E
AC/STEAM Tlttt DRY
AC/STE*M TUBE DRV
AC/HOLSE DUST VENT
AC/PRCUUCT COOLER
AC/E VAPORA T — STC AM
-e. — c
GP-2-F
CR-2-G
GR-2-J
GR-2-K
-tf-Z • _ ?
AC/VAC P*P CEAER Gfi-2-N
AC/CRUSH C SCREEN
Gfl-J-A
AC/ORE BIN GAL GR-3-C
AC/CALC1NER GR-3-D
AC/01 SSOLVER VENT
AC/CISSCLVER VENT
-AC/FILTER AID OR-3
AC/ML FLASH DEAER
AC/STEAM TUBE DAY
-ftC-ASTEAM TUBE DRY
AC/STEAM TUBE DRY
AC/STEAM TLBE DRY
-frC/ STEAM TUdfe-B R V
AC/DRYER VENT GR-3
AC/PRCCUCT COOLER
GR-3-F
C-R-3-G
— h
GR-3-J
CR-3-K
-------
1.0. NUMBER
ST CO AO PLT
PT
YR
PLANT/POINT NAME
UTH
COORO.KH
HCRIZ
VERT
s
HT.
(FTI
TACK 1
DIA TENP
(FTI (Fl
FLOh PLUME
(ACFM) hT
ESTIMATED EMISSIONS, IP Y ALLOWABLE
PART S02 NQX HC CO PART SC2
0 J201C02430CC3
£207002420003
5207002430003
-, 5207002430003
5207002430003
-, 5207002431)003
5207002430003
.~j 5207002430003
1
J 5207002430003
,3 5207002430003
* 5207002430003
jp 5201002430003
5?n 7B77
305 116716
150 84389
140E 84389 E
USE 114511E
9.0E 370E
-fe»«E-^O56-
6.0E 305E
9*0
6.5
7.5
6.0
2.3
2.3
1.0
1.0
122993E
1167166
116716E
540 108786
360 44996
250
339
133
133
175
175
72629
40715
2863
2663
990
990
'JOC 4J 1
6 351 43 1 3
a o o o o
13 922 67 2 5
17 714 104 3 7
51 I ft 1
29 161
203 233
117 ' 1 SO
23 150
194 223
2 •> « i
26 165
142 173
2 < CI3
9 176
_4U 1 iA 2CJ A 3d
21 69 148 3 10
,41 136 289 6 19
24 43 226 4 16
4
4
-- 3 £ I •-.,.-.."
3
-------
1.0. NUMBER
ST CO AO PLT PT YR PLANT/POINT NAME
UTM COORD,KM S TACK OAT A ESTIMATE.} EMISSIONS.
KT. DIA TEMP FLON PLUME
HQRU VERT (FT! (FT) IF) CACFMI hT PART S02 NO* HC
EMISStTPY
CO PART S02
5201002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
^ 5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
520 70024 3O004-
5207002430004
5207002430004
— 520>C0243(refr*-
52070024^0004
5207002420004
— 52070O24200O*-
5207002430004
5207002430004
- 5207002430004
5207002430004
5207002430004
16
IS
20
21
24
26
27
29
30
32
22
-i4-
35
36
-2-7-
38
74
4
74
74
?4
74
?^
74
74
t 4*
74
74
/ *1
74
74
74
74
-74-
74
FMC/DISSOLVER
FMC/OCST CCLLECTIC^
FMC/STEAM TUBE CALCINER
FMC/CALCINER
, FMC/CALCINER
CM/" JT A *" *"* nr~ '-*•'-»»> « * •» i
FMC/GAS
FHC/GAS
CMP tC A C
FMC/GAS
FIRE CALCIN RA-22
FIRE CALClh PA-23
FIRE CALCIN RA-24
FMC/GAS FIRE CALCIN RA-24
FMC/CLST CCLLECTl^
FMC/DUST
COLLECTION
-PMC /f*-&5f t+t+ttcr- l-OKi>t Att
FMC/SPRAV DRYER
FMC/CUST
-FtteyfJtrS-f
FMC/CALC
39 74 FMC/CCST
-4 fl-7 4— F Mt ~t T RON
41 74 FMC/CUST
«
44
45
74
74
74
FMC/DLST
COLLECTION STPP
CCLLCCTICf — STPP
1NER
CCLLECTIGIS
A— eeot£-R- • —
CCLLECT MCNO-2
COLLECTICh
FMC/CALCINER
FMC/ORVER
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4606.6
598.5 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
S9d.a 4606*6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598*6—4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 460&.6
5S8.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
59b.B 4608.6
59b.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
598.8 4608.6
75
35
30
68
fn._
72
72
64
80
42
42
sa
95
59
tie
122
100
1 -?rt
58
58
S H
65
as
-106—
95
95
1.0
"1.5
1.3
175
1 165
60
2.5 180
2.5 180
2.5
• 3 '
3.5
2.5
1.5
160
—1-42-
144
135
130
1.5 130
SQ 1 4O
2.5 77
4.0
~~3*"5 —
3.0
.7
1 /I
2.5
2.0
1 _Q .
2.0
2.0
1. 7
5.0
5.0
75
-167 —
184
60E
61)
140
100
1 A/
t7
70
162
140
990
- 11239 —
6371
22001
17024
17024
f-i-t 3O
21243
34754
12724
12724
82585
12076
29028
_ c 1177
42412
7359E
7359
22855
11008
4 100
20923
12742
19483
92834
70332
3
3-4
2
11
3
5
2-8
40
65
81
89
85
3
12
78
1
— 15
6
17
12
10
8
\
127
18
109
155
ts
144
44
78
7d
92
92
177
i vrt
134
44
It
214
III
-------
I.D. NUMBER
ST CO AQ PLT
FT
YR
PLANT/POINT NAME
UTM
C(
HORIZ
VERT {
HT."
FT)
1 T A
D1A
(FT)
C K
TEKP
m
FLOW PLUM
UCFM) HT
- ESTIMATED £MISSlONSi TPY ALLGrtAbLE
PART SQ2 NOX HC CO fART S02
, 5207002430004
5207002430004
> 5207002430004
5207002430004
1 520700243CCC4
5207002430004
j 5207002430005
*i y n 7 nn ? 4 in ort •«
^ -J 5207002430005
j 5207002430005
5207002430006
5207002430007
S 3 1*1 7 C ft "• 6 "^ il fl 0 7
5207002430007
5207002430007
s ''inon ""iiiinc ?
5207002430007
5207002430007
S20 700 24 3000 7
46
50
51
c -;
53
54
c, c.
5t
00
G 1
04
07
00
01
00
el
02
(13
04
06
07
-&*-
74
76
76
76
76
76
74
75
77
74
76
76
76
76
76
FMC/CLST COLLECTION
FMC/CGAL PULVERIZING NSZ
FMC/OLC1NER NEW NS3
FMC/CISSGVER NS5
FMC/DRYER NS6
FMC/STGCKPILING NS8
JIN BRIDGER POWER PLANT
J ERICCEft PP£L/EOILER #1
J. BRIOGEK PP&L/BG1LER #2
J. 8RIDGER PPCL/BGILcR #3
CLfiN CUEALY
GUisN GUEALY SALEM CCKER
TEXASGULF
TE XJSCLiLF/CCNVEYCR TPA^S
TEXAS GULF/ STOCKPILE
TEJASGULF/SCRNS C CFUSHR
TEXAcCULF/2 CALCINEPS
TEXASGULF/2 DRYERS
TE>/SGULF/STEENS S1CRAGE
T6XASCULP/2 BOILERS
598.
598.
598.
_CQJ1
598.
ceo
598.
*
6 6yt
684.
684.
59'*
592.
592.
592.
592.
592.
8
6
8
6
8
7
7
7
Q
0
0
(3
0
0
0-
4608.6
4600.6 '
4608.6
4608.6
4606.6
4608.6
4608.6
•
4623.5
4623.5
.
4613*5
4013.5
70
120
3.0
16*
1.0
95 7.8
106 4.7
100 2.5
95
JLS
60
500
500
500
130
60
40
4613.5 90
4613*5 130
4613.5 90
4613.5
4613. S
90
440-
6.5
1 O
2.5
100
332
70
150
70
140
/O
17262
744331
1611
160766
20411
101938
A7 I I
13430
2/( Q -5/.n •Jinaiin
24.0
24.0
15.8
2*5
2.1
3.3
12.0
5.0
2.8
10.7
240 2103610
240
1830
45E
2103610
584483
15000
10000
45E 25000
4-50 402000
200 50000
456
20000
2
-ff*r "rco-x • 3419 tC.
-------
APPENDIX B
DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICULATE EMISSION
FACTOR FOR SURFACE MINING IN THE
POWDER RIVER BASIN OF WYOMING
-------
DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICULATE EMISSION
FACTOR FOR SURFACE MINING IN THE
POWDER RIVER BASIN OF WYOMING
In developing an emission factor to estimate particu-
late emissions from strip mining activity in the Powder
River Basin of Wyoming, three previously estimated emission
factors for surface mines were reviewed. Two factors,
originally developed by Hittman Associates and Battelle
Memorial Institute, were obtained from a report used to
compare energy alternatives in environmental impact state-
ments.1 Hittman calculated a particulate emission factor
for surface mining for five geographic regions in the U.S.
using two sources of emissions--diesel-fueled mining equip-
ment and wind erosion. Battelle calculated overall particu-
late emission factors for surface mining for two geographic
regions in the U.S. based on 0.1 pound of particulate per
ton of overburden removed (with the assumption that over-
burden removal was the primary source of particulate).
A third value, developed by PEDCo-Environmental for a
single lignite surface mine in North Dakota, was used to
compare the Hittman and Battelle factors. PEDCo estimated
particulate emissions by the following procedure: (1)
observe mining operation; (2) identify significant emission-
producing activities; (3) determine operational parameters
related to the amount of emissions generated; and (4) obtain
University of Oklahoma, Science and Public Policy Program,
Energy Alternatives: A Comparative Analysis, prepared
for CEQ, ERDA, EPA, FEA, FPC, DOI, and NSF, Washington
D.C., May 1975.
B-l
-------
operational data for these parameters. Eight significant
source areas were identified: scrapers, dragline operation,
haul road traffic, haul road construction and repair, shovels
and front-end loaders, truck dump at hopper, vehicle exhaust,
and wind erosion of exposed soil. Emissions were estimated
separately for each of these source areas. Total emissions
were divided by tons of coal mined to obtain an emission
factor in pounds per ton of coal mined.
Table 1 shows the three emission factors according to
source of information, geographic region, and assumed control
Table 1. PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTOR FOR SURFACE MINING
Source
Geographic region
Assumed control
Emission factor
Hittman
Battelle
PEDCo
Northwest
West
North Dakota
lignite mine
Wind erosion:
5 years recla-
mation
Wind erosion:
3 years recla-
mation
Wind erosion:
3 years recla-
mation; Dust:
watering
0.84 ton/1012 Btu
35 ton/1012 Btu
0.72 Ib/ton of
coal mined, 30
ton/1012 Btu
The Division of Air Quality, Wyoming Department of Environ-
mental Quality, analyzed the above factors to see if any
were applicable to the surface mining conditions which exist
in the Powder River Basin. The PEDCo factor of 0.72 pounds
per ton was converted to 30 tons per 1012 Btu by using 6,000
Btu per pound of lignite coal for the North Dakota surface
mine. Thus, all factors were in the same units; i.e. tons
per 1012 Btu. The Hittman factor was substantially less
(35-40 times less) than the Battelle and PEDCo factors and,
consequently, was deleted from further investigation.
Although the PEDCo and Battelle factors appeared to be
in reasonable agreement, no direct comparison can be made.
B-2
-------
The reason is that each emission factor is dependent upon
the overburden depths, coal seam thicknesses, reclamation
rates, and disturbed surface areas associated with each
12
mine. Therefore, the fugitive dust emission rate per 10
Btu is a meaningless number.
Because of the detailed analysis used in developing
PEDCo factors, the Division compared surface mining condi-
tions in North Dakota with those occurring for the "typical"
Powder River surface mine. The PEDCo factor was based on an
overburden depth of 65 feet and a disturbed surface area of
300 acres per year.
The overburden depth in the Powder River Basin varies
from 5 to 250 feet with an average overburden depth of about
100 feet and average disturbed surface area of about 100
acres per year. In North Dakota the lignite seam was 10
feet in thickness, while the Powder River Basin seams vary
from 8 to 75 feet.
Due to the large variation in the Powder River Basin
coal seams, the Division, using the individual emission
factors in the PEDCo study, developed the following Powder
River Basin emission factors.
Table 2. POWDER RIVER BASIN EMISSION FACTORS
Seam thickness, Production, Emission factors,
ft. 106 ton/yr Ib/ton, mined
10 2.61 1.38
35 9.15 0.33
75 19.60 0.15
The forecasted production rates in Table 3.1 of the
Powder River Basin coal mines indicated the 9 million tons
per year per 100 acres was a reasonable estimate. There-
_fore, the emission factor of 0.33 Ib/ton of coal mined was
used to determine the particulate emission for the projected
B-3
-------
surface mining activity in the Pov/der River Basin Air
Quality Maintenance Area.
The following are the calculations used to derive the
Powder River Basin emission factor:
Estimated Coal Removal from a 35 foot Coal Seam
Assume: Surface area = 100 acres
Unit weight = 120 Ib/cu ft
(100A) (35ft) (43560ft2/A) (yd3/27ft3) = 5 . 65xl06yd3/yr
(5.65xl06yd3/yr) (120#/ft3) (27ft/yd3) (lton/2000*) =
9.15xlQ6ton/yr
B-4
-------
Powder River Basin Mining Activities
1) Dragline Operation
Estimated Overburden Removal = 100 ft
Estimated Surface Area Disturbed (per yr per mine) = 100 Acres
(100A) (43560 ft2) (1 yd2 ) = 484,000yd2
A 9ft2"
Estimated Overburden Volume
(100ft) (ljd_ ) (484,000yd2) = 1.61xl06yd3
ft
(l.STon ) (1.61x10 ydj) = 2.42xlObTons
Yd3"
Emission Rate = 0.05 ^/Ton
Emission = (2.42xl06 Tons) (0.05 #/Ton) = 605 Tons/yr
2) Scrapers
(3 scrapers) (21 hr/day) (32 Ib/hr) (0.5 control factor) = 0.504 Tons/day
Operation on day w/o snow or rain (May through November) = 115 day/yr
(0.504 Ton/day) (115 day/yr) = 58 Tons/yr
3) Haul Road Traffic
Average weight per truckload = 5(45) + 3(200) = 103 Tons
8
Truckloads per year = 9.15xl06 Tons/103 Tons = 88835 per year
= 244 per day
Average Round-trip Distance = 4 miles
VMT/yr = (4mi) (88835 trips) = 355,000 VMT/yr
Water Truck = (8hr/day) (166 day/yr) (12mph) = 16,000 VMT/yr
Pickups = (2 pickups) (8 hr/day) (166 day/yr) (20mph) = 53,000 VMT/yr
Emission Factor = (0.6) (0.81) (s) (S/30) ("W) (2.5) (0.5)
Where: s = 12% S = 20mph W = 199
B-5
-------
Emission Factor (Haul Trucks) = 2.2 lb/VMT
Emission Factor (Pickups; = 0.9 lb/V>!T
Emission = (355 000 \TMT/^,^\ /i ->
^ >UUU ^T/yr) (2.2; + (53,000 VMT/yr) (0.9) = 414 Ton/yr
Haulroa_d
(2 graders) (8 hr/day) (32 ib/hr) (0.5 control factor) = 0.128 Ton/day
Operation: Only on days with no snow or rain = 166 day/yr
Emissions + (0.128 T/day) (166 day/yr) = 21 Ton/yr
5) Shovels and Front-end Loaders
Emissions = (0.02 Ib/Ton) (1 Ton/2,000//) (9.15xl06 Ton) = 92 Ton/yr
6) Trucks Dumping at Hopper
Emissions = (0.02 Ib/Ton) (1 Ton/2,000//) (9. 15xl06Ton) = 92 Ton/yr
7) Vehicle Exhaust
Assume: 6- 45 Ton Trucks
3-200 Ton Trucks
Deisel Fuel Usage = 15gal/hr (6- 45)
= 30gal/hr (3-200)
Emission Factor = 25 lb/l,000gal
Total Haul Truck Usage = (1) (15) (8) (116) + 5(15) (25) (356) + 3(30) (24) (356)
= 1,456,320 gal/yr
Emissions = (1,465,320 gal/yr) (251g/l,000gal) = 18 Ton/yr
Pickup Usage = (53,000 VMT/yr) (0.34 gram/mi) = negligible
( 454gram/// ) ( 2,0001b/ton)
Scrapers, graders = loaders
(3 scrapers) (21hr/day) (115day/yr) (0. 061///hr) + (2 graders) (8hr/day) (166day/yr)
(0.061 Ib/hr) + (2 loaders) (21hr/day) (365 days/yr) (0. 165 Ib/hr)
Emissions = 2 Tons/yr
Total Vehicle Exhaust Emissions = 18+2 = 20 Tons/yr
B-6
-------
8) Wind Erosion of Exposed Soil
E = 0.025 I K C L' V
I = 47 ton/A/yr (clay-loam soil)
K = 1.0 (unridged surface)
L = 0.25
L'= 2,000'
V'= 1.0
Emissions = 0.25 Ton/yr/A
Assuming: 3 years prior to land reclamation a total of 800 A (probably 300A
in PRB) would be subject to wind erosion.
Emissions - (0.24 Ton/yr/A) (800A) = 193 Tons/yr
Total Emissions for a "typical" PRB mine
605 Tons/yr
58
414
21
92
92
20
193
1,495 Tons/yr
35 Foot Seam Emission Factor = (l,495Ton/yr) (2,0001b/ton) = 0.33 Ib
(9.15xl06 Ton/yr) Ton-Mined
B-7
-------
APPENDIX C
WYOMING AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA
-------
Sampling Network Description
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Powder River Basin
Sampling Location
Douglas
Stoddard Ranch
Gillette
Reno Junction
Gillette
Douglas Plant Site
Operator
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
NGPRP
Panhandle Eastern
UTM Coordinates
HOR
449.5
467.5
460.0
463.0
460.0
449.0
VERT
4743.7
4806.0
4904. 1
4850.0
4897.0
4744.0
Dates of Operation
Jan 1973-present
Jan 1974-present
Jun 1972-present
Feb 1974-present
Sep 1974-present
Jan 1974-Jun 1974
Comments
Also, Cascade
impactor
Also, Ozone and
HC analyzers
o
-------
Air Qual'ity Data Summary
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Powder River Basin
Sampling
Site
State:
Douglas
Stoddard
Ranch
Gillette
Reno
Junction
Other:
Gillette
Douglas
Plant Site
Year
74
74
74
74
74
74
# of
Samp
52
44
19
52
15
33
Geometric Mean, ug/m
Annual
(GM/GSD)
55/1.74
23/1.36
31/1.49
48
1st Qtr
61
19
29
53
10.1
2nd Qtr
55
34
34
39
_. _
19.0
3rd Qtr
42
25
--
54
—
--
4th Qtr
62
18
36
51
11
--
24 Hour Maximum, ug/m
1st Qtr
98
38
118
128
—
16.0
2nd Qtr
79
80
--
94
—
73.0
3rd Qti
63
89
--
155
—
--
: 4th Qtr
231
47
70
119
27
--
o
I
-------
Sampling Network Description
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling
Location
Green River
Granger
Rock
Springs
Alder
Rock
Springs
Logan
Rock
Springs
Fearn
Green River
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Operator
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
Wyoming AQD
FMC
UTM Coordinates
HOR
628.2
585.9
649.3
647.7
648.0
597.1
599.8
600.3
600.2
599.1
VERT
4598.5
4604.8
4603.5
4606.4
4605.7
4608.1
4607.9
4608.3
4607.1
4607.8
Dates of Operation
Jan 1974-present
Mar 1973-present
Jan 1974-present
Jan 1974-present
Jun 1972-present
Sep 1974-present
Comments
Five hi-vol sites sampling every
day; have raw data for 3 sites.
Source oriented.
n
i
OJ
-------
Sampling Network Description (continued)
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling
Location
Green River
Works
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Jim Bridger
Project
Plant Site
Superior
Wells
Microwave
Tower
Bluff
Point of
Rocks
Operator
Allied Chemical
Pacific Power
and Light
UTM Coordinates
KOR
605.0
605.8
602.5
603.9
684.7
679.0
700.8
VERT
4605.5
4605.3
4604.5
4606.4
4623.5
4627.0
4619.8
Dates of Operation
Aug 1973-present
May 1974-present
Jan 1974-present
May 1974-present
Apr 1971-present
Comments
Four hi-vol sites, sampling
every 6 days. Source oriented.
Three hi-vol sites from April
1971 to June 1974. Five hi-vol
sites from June 1974 on. Sampling
twice per month until May 1974,
every 6 days thereafter. Plant
start-up August 1974. Source
oriented .
i
n
i
-------
Air Quality Data Summary
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling Site
State:
Green River
Granger
Rock Springs
Alder
Logan
Fearn
Other:
FMC
Green River
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Allied
Green River
Works
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Year
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
# of
Samp
53
53
42
52
51
9la
91
91
91
91
31b
25
29
27
Geometric Mean, ug/m
Annual
65
54
39
74
115
124
49
1st Qtr
54
27
23
65
67
114
44
2nd Qtr
77
86
53
85
118
162
67
3rd Qtr
77
91
67
97
140
.
___
4th Qtr
55
45
44
56
151
35
205
132
59
276
83
91
42
49
24 Hour Maximum, ug/m
1st Qtr
262
62
52
138
205
2nd Qtr
195
209
155
255
295
284
196
271
123
3rd Qtr
175
199
173
186
300
4th Qti
113
131
101
107
347
126
618
456
220
218
351
138
166
n
-------
Air Quality Data Summary (continued)
Pollutants: Total Suspended Particulates
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling Site
Jim Bridger
Project
Plant Site
Superior Wells
MicrowaveTower
Year
74
74
74
# of
Samp
C"
10
10
10
Geometric Mean, ug/m
Annual
1st Qtr
32
14
12
2nd Qtr
140
30
4
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
24 Hour Maximum, ug/m .,
1st Qtr
349
20
26
2nd Qtr
931
117
8
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
3 months (October-December).
V 9 months, no data for June-August.
O> r>
5 months (January-May), 2 samples/month.
-------
Sampling Network Description
Pollutants: SO,
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling Location
Rock Springs
Fearn
FMC Green River
Site 3
Green River
Works
Site 2
Site 4
Jim Bridger
Project
Plant Site
Superior Wells
MicrowaveTower
Bluff
Point of Rocks
Operator
Wyoming AQD
FMC
Allied
Chemical
Pacific Power
and Light
UTM Coordinates
HOR
648.0
600.3
605.0
603.9
684.7
679.0
700.8
VERT
4605.7
4608.3
4605.5
4606.4
4623.5
4627.0
4619.8
Dates of Operation
Jun 1972-present
Sep 1974-present
Oct 1974-present
Apr 1971-present
Comments
Bubbler, urban background.
One continuous SO2 analyzer
Questionable data. Source
oriented .
Two sampling sites with a
continuous SO,., analyzer.
Show negligible concentra-
tions. Source oriented.
Three sample sites from
April 1971 to June 1974,
intermittant SO,, sampling.
Five sampling sites from
June 1974 on with continu-
our SO,, analyzers. Plant
start-up August 1974.
Source oriented.
o
I
-4
-------
Air Quality Data Summary
Pollutants: SO,
AQMA: Sweetwater County
Sampling
Site
Rock
Springs--
Fearn
FMC
Green
River
Tallied
Green
Kiver Wor
Pos . 1 I
P.JS. IV
J im
B r i d q e r
Project
Year
74
74
ks
74
74
74
# of
Samp
46
240a
2160b
2160b
c
Units/
Method
ugm/m
24 hour
bubbler
ugm/m
continuous
ppm/
continuous
ppm/
continuous
ppm/
continuous
Arithmetic Mean
Annual
1.0
1st Qtr
1.0
2nd Qtf"
.33
3rd Qtr
2.1
jligible
4th Qtr
.77
51.0
0.00
0. 00
concent;
24 Hour Maximum
1st Qtr
9.0
2nd Qtr
2.0
3rd Qtr
10.0
4th Qtr
5.0
104.0
0. 00
0. 00
n
i
CO
10 days of hourly averages (December 16 to December 27).
i-j
1 90 days of hourly averages (October-December).
C Before plant start-up (January-May).
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING DATA
USED IN AQDM MODELING
AQMA/Sampler
Powder River Basin
Gillette Area:
Gillette3
Reno Junction Area:
Stoddard Ranch
Reno Junction3
Reno Junction
Douglas Area:
Douglas
Douglas
Sweetwater
d
Trona Plant Area:
Granger
Allied - 1
Allied - 2
Allied - 3
Allied - 4
No. of
samples
19
44
52
50
-
52
55
54
31
24
29
23
Arith
mean
37
27
56
36
62
42
66
120
93
87
61
Geom
mean
31
23
48
28
55
35
46
97
64
39
44
Max
24 hr
118
89
155
131
231
159
209
468
351
1004
199
Std geom
deviation
1.49
1.36
1.74b
-
1.74
—
2'34h
1.92°
2.37^
3.54^
2.24b
January 1974 to December 1974.
Calculated using log normal distribution.
January 1975 to December 1975.
April 1974 to March 1975.
C-9
-------
Wyoming AQMA Meteorological Data
Location
Powder River Basin
Dave Johnson Power
Plant-Douglas
Douglas Plant Site-
South
Douglas Plant Site-
North
Rochelle Mine
. i-'ioor croft
i
D
Sheridan Airport
Casper Airport
Sweetwater
Rock Springs Airport
Green River
Green River Works
Jin Bridger
Operator
Pacific Power
and Light
Panhandle Eastern
Panhandle Eastern
Panhandle Eastern
Synoptic Observa-
tion Station
National Weather
Service
National Weather
Service
FAA
FMC
Allied Chemical
Pacific Power
and Liqht
Dates of
Operation
Jan 74-present
Dec 74-present
Jul 74-present
Jun 73-Jun 74
•p
Prior to 1949-
present
Prior to 1967-
present
Prior to 1967-
present
Sep 74-present
Jan 74-present
Sep 70-present
Wind
Speed
cont
cont
cont
cont
--
--
cont
cont
cont
Wind
Dir
cont
cont
cont
cont
—
--
cont
cont
cont
Sensor
Height
33 feet
140 feet
33 feet
140 feet
33 feet
140 feet
10 feet
--
--
N/A
N/A
20 feet
200 feet
Mixing
Height
tower
tower
tower
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
tower
Comments
STAR prog
1950-1952
24 obs/day
STAR prog
1949-1953
8 obs/day
STAR prog
1967-1971
8 obs/day
STAR proq
1967-1971
8 obs/dav
cont = continuous; N/A = not available
-------
APPENDIX D
ROCK SPRINGS AND GREEN RIVER
EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
-------
Table D.I. ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
a
i
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
Emission
factor
Parameters
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
GFa
1980J GF
A r\
1985
A A
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mc
12703 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
7622 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
7622 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
6 acres; 3 months
22
3
52
1.38
1.38
1.38
30 1.51
1.51
33
5
1.51 ! 79
19!1.50 : 29 1.60 30
b
grid/county pop, .03
i
grid/county VMT, .013^
3,1.50
5: 1.38
i
1.60 ;
1.51
grid/county track, -
i
j
i
133 i
--
187
--
204
Grid No. 1
Description North
of 1-80,
along U.S. 87
Area of grid, sq mi .547
Emission density,
ton/yr/sq
mi 243 342
(1974) (1980)
373
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
__
--
Parameters
12 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
136 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
8635 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
10362 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
36 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
grid/county pop, .03
grid/county VMT, .009
r_
grid/county track, -
^articulate emissions, ton/yr_
1974
9
--
32
— —
15
—
71
8
—
3
3
--
141
GFa
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.25
1980
11
--
40
— —
19
--
89
10
5
4
178
GF
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.60
1.37
1985
12
—
44
— . —
21
—
97
11
—
5
4
—
194
D
Grid No.
Description South of 1-80, along U.S. 87
Area of grid, sq mi .319
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 442
(1974)
558
608
(1980)
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 t/VMT
1.9000 t/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 t/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
Railroads
Total
Parameters
71 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
200 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
140 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
14 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
50266 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
60319 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
42 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
20 acres; 6 months
grid/county pop, .38
grid/county VMT, .055b
grid/county track, .00
i
Particulate emissions, ton/vr
1974
51
143
33
3
85
413
10
127
41
20
5b 1
927
GFa
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1980
52
144
33
3
86
417
10
128
41
20
1
935
GF
.99
.99
.99
.99
.99
.99
.99
1.00
1.00
.99
1.00
1985
50
142
33
3
84
412
10
126
41
20
1
922
a
i
Grid No.
Description Center of town
Area of grid, sq mi 1.27
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 730
736
726
(1974)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
(1980!
(1985)
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 t/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
—
--
__
Parameters
41 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
5 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
9642 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
11570 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
12 acres; 4 months
grid/county pop, .06
grid/county VMT, .01
grid/county track, -
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
29
—
—
1
16
5
—
__
50
6
4
—
Ill
GFa
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.50
1.50
1.41
1980
41
—
—
1
23
7
—
—
75
9
6
--
162
GF
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.60
1.60
1.50
1985
44
_„
—
2
24
8
—
—
80
10
6
—
173
D
I
Grid No. 4
Description South
of S.H. 430
and north of
Belt Route
Area of grid, sq mi 1.01
Emission density,
ton/yr/sq mi
110
(1974)
160
(1980)
171
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
Parameters
49 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
85 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
17 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
5704 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
6845 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
grid/county pop, .06
grid/county VMT, .006
grid/county track, -
[Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
35
20
4
10
3
--
--
6
2
--
80
GFa
1.96
1.96
1.96
1.96
1.96
1.50
1.96
1980
67
39
8
20
6
--
--
9
4
--
153
GF
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
1.60
2.09
1985
73
42
8
21
6
--
--
10
4
--
164
D
I
Grid No.
Description North of S.H. 430 and south of U.S. 30
Area of grid, sq mi .747
205
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 107
(1974;
a GF = growth factor
220
(1980]
:i985]
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 f/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
--
Parameters
17 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
9037 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
6947 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
3897 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
30 acres; 4 months
grid/county pop, -
grid/county VMT, .009
grid/county track, -
Particulate emissions
1974
12
15
3
27
--
127
—
3
—
187
GFa
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
0.50
-
1.58
1980
19
24
5
43
--
64
2
5
--
162
GF
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.76
0.50
1.00
1.76
. ton/yr
1985
2.1
26
5
48
—
64
2
5
—
171
a
i
Grid No. 6
Description 1-80
Area of grid, sq
Emission density,
and U.S. 30
mi .447
ton/yr/sq mi 418 362
(1974) (1980)
383
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
Parameters
227 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
18528 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
5821 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
16413 VMT/day; .228 day/yr
26 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
90 acres; 6 months
grid/county pop, .03
grid/county VMT, .019b
grid/county track, .00
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
163
31
3
112
6
572
3
7
5b 1
898
GFa
1.19
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.00
1.50
2.06
1.00
Grid No. 7
Description West of town and east of 1-80
Area of grid, sq mi 1.427
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 629 770
797
(1974) (1980) (1985)
1980
194
64
6
231
12
572
5
14
1
1099
GF
1.32
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.17
1.00
1.60
2.17
1.00
1985
215
67
7
243
13
572
5
15
1
1138
a
i
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
__
--
Parameters
200 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
8599 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
10319 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
10 acres; 6 months
grid/county pop, -
grid/county VMT, .009
grid/county track, -
Particulate emissions.
1974
—
15
5
--
64
3
--
87
GFa
2.09
2.09
1.50
2.09
1980
47
31
10
--
96
3
6
__
193
GF
1.41
2.95
2.95
1.60
1.00
2.95
ton/yr
1985
66
44
15
--
102
3
9
--
239
o
I
oo
Grid No.
8
Description North of intersection of 1-80 and U.S. 30
Area of grid, sq mi .822
235
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 106
(1974)
290
(1980)
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.I (continued). ROCK SPRINGS EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 t/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
..
--
--
Parameters
3229 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
3875 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
10 acres; 6 months
grid/county pop, -
grid/county VMT, -
grid/county track, -
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
GF^
1980
--
5
27
--
64
—
--
96
GF
1.64
1.64
1.50
1985
--
8
44
—
96
—
--
148
a
i
Grid No. growth area
Description Northwest of the town and
Area of grid, sq mi .701
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi
(1974)
east of 1-80
137
(1980)
211
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.2. GREEN RIVER EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
Parameters
127 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
5 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
18341 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
11004 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
11004 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
15 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
grid/county pop, .08
grid/county VMT, .020
grid/county track, .00
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
30
1
31
5
75
4
—
8
8
5b 1
163
GF*
1.00
1.00
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.00
1.54
1.00
1980
30
1
48
8
116
6
—
8
12
1
230
GF
1.00
1.00
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.00
1.54
1.00
1985
30
1
48
8
116
6
—
8
12
1
230
o
I
Grid No. 1
Description Center of town
Area of grid, sq mi .612
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 266 376
(1974) (1980)
376
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.2 (continued). GREEN RIVER EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
Parameters
I
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT 45 VMT/day ; 248 day/yr
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
, 0.0600 #/VMT
| 1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
--
*
4 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
8305 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
4983 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
4983 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
16 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
grid/county pop, .03
grid/county VMT , .009
grid/county track, - .
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
—
—
11
1
14
2
34
4
--
3
3
--
72
GFa
1.00
1.00
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.00
1.54
Grid No. 2
Description Northwest of the center of town
Area of grid, sq mi .297
t1 YTrt T «-» f 1 S~\ »™t /^ ^ T"l C? T 4- \ 7 +1
r-M-\/Wf"/Gn mi **) L
19 T4 T. 747
1980
—
—
11
1
21
3
52
6
--
3
5
--
102
GF
1.00
1.00
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.00
1.54
1985
—
—
11
1
21
3
52
6
--
3
5
--
102
o
I
(1974)
;i98o;
'1985'
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.2 (continued). GREEN RIVER EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
—
Parameters
170 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
17 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
5040 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
3024 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
3024 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
27 acres; 6 months
grid/county pop, .008
grid/county VMT, .005
grid/county track, - .
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
40
4
9
1
21
—
162
1
2
—
240
GFa
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.50
2.00
1.54
1980
62
6
14
2
32
—
243
2
3
—
364
GF
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.60
2.00
1.54
1985
62
6
14
2
32
—
259
2
3
—
380
o
I
M
NJ
Grid No.
Description South of the center of town along S.H. 530
Area of grid, sq mi 1.05
347
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 229
(1974)
362
(1980)
(1985)
GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions
-------
Table D.2 (continued). GREEN RIVER EMISSION INVENTORY AND EMISSION DENSITY
!
Source category
Fugitive dust
Unpaved roads
County roads
City streets
Local streets
Alleys
Paved roads
Winter sanding
Cleaned roads
Uncleaned roads
Unpaved shoulders
Construction
Other
Fuel combustion
Highway vehicles
Railroads
Total
Emission
factor
5.8000 #/VMT
5.8000 #/VMT
1.9000 t/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
0.1700 #/VMT
0.0038 #/VMT
0.0600 #/VMT
1.9000 #/VMT
1.06 ton/ac/mo
--
--
Parameters
150 VMT/day; 248 day/yr
3780 VMT/day; 20 day/yr
2268 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
2268 VMT/day; 228 day/yr
grid/county pop, .04
grid/county VMT, .004
b
i grid/county track, - .
Particulate emissions, ton/yr
1974
108
7
1
16
--
--
4
1
137
GFa
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
-
2.00
1.54
1980
166
11
2
25
--
162
8
2
--
! 376
GF
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.00
2.00
1.54
1985
166
11
2
25
—
162
8
2
--
376
D
I
Grid No.
Description Southeast of the center of town—growth area
Area of grid, sq mi 1.19
316
Emission density, ton/yr/sq mi 115
(1974)
a GF = growth factor
multiply by county emissions •
316
(1980)
:i985)
-------
APPENDIX E
ROCK SPRINGS PROPOSED ARTERIAL
STREET SYSTEM
-------
R I05W
R 104 W
R 104 W
ROCK SPRINGS
RI05* BK)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. RI PORT NO.
EPA-908/1-76-008
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Wyoming Air Quality Maintenance Area Analysis
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
May 1976
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.
Suite 13, Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Task Order 19
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80295
REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report contains air pollutant emissions estimates, air quality data and
dispersion modeling for the base year (present) in AQMA counties in the State
of Wyoming. Projections of emissions and air quality (using dispersion modeling)
are made for 1980 and 1985. The adequacy of the existing Wyoming State Imple-
mentation Plan to provide for the attainment and maintenance of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards is discussed.
17.
a.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Fuel Combustion
Emissions
Mobile Sources
Stationary Sources
Air Quality Data
Dispersion Modeling
Projections
Air Quality Maintenance
Analysis
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unl i mi ted
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
125
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
------- |