January 1987
    Acurex Draft Final Report FR-86-102/ESD
      CHARACTERIZATION OF HAZARDOUS  WASTE
             INCINERATION RESIDUALS
                       by

Donald Van Buren, Gary Poe, and Carlo Castaldini
               Acurex Corporation
                485 Clyde Avenue
                 P.O. Box 7044
        Mountain View, California 94039
          EPA Contract No. 68-03-3241
      EPA Project Officer: Mr. Paul Warner
                      for

      U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
            26 West St. Clair Street
             Cincinnati. OH  45268

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                                    NOTICE
       This document  has  been  reviewed  in  accordance  with U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency  policy  and approved  for  publication.   Mention of trade names
or commercial products  does not  constitute endorsement  or recommendation for
use.

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                                   FOREWORD
       Today's  rapidly  developing  and  changing  technologies  and  industrial
products and  practices  frequently  carry  with  them  the  increased  generation  of
solid and hazardous  wastes.   These materials,  if improperly  dealt  with,  can-
threaten both public health  and  the environment.   Abandoned  waste  sites  and
accidental  release of toxic  and  hazardous  substances to  the  environment  also
have important  environmental  and public  health  implications.  The  Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory  assists  in providing an authoritative
and defensible  engineering basis for assessing  and solving these problems.
Its products  support the  policies, programs,  and regulations of  the
Environmental Protection  Agency, the permitting and other  responsibilities  of
State and local  governments  and  the needs  of  both  large  and  small  business  in
handling their  wastes responsibly  and  economically.

       This  report describes  an  effort to  comprehensively  characterize the
chemical composition of all  effluents  (other  than  air  emissions) from
treatment facilities which incinerate  hazardous waste, and will  be useful to
the user community and  its regulators.  For further information, please
contact the  Alternative Technologies Division of the Hazardous  Waste
Engineering  Research Laboratory.

                                       Thomas  R. Hauser,  Director
                                       Hazardous Waste  Engineering  Research
                                       Laboratory

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                                ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


         This project was  jointly  sponsored  by  the  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency's  Hazardous  Waste  Engineering Research  Laboratory  (HWERL)
and the Office of Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response  (OSWER).   The  valuable
assistance and guidance of Paul  Warner  and Robert Olexsey in  HWERL  are
acknowledged.  The cooperation of  all test sites and  the  efforts  of  many
individuals in the Environmental Engineering Department  and Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory of the Environmental  Systems Division of  Acurex
Corporation are  also acknowledged.

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                                  CONTENTS
     Figures	      v
     Tables	     vi

1    Introduction   	      1

     1.1  Background and Objectives   	      1
     1.2  Site Selection	      2
     1.3  Approach	      5

2    Results	     13

     2.1  Site 1	     14

          2.1.1   Facility Description   	     14
          2.1.2   Operating and Sampling  Information   	     14
          2.1.3   Analytical Results   	     16

     2.2  Site 2	     23

          2.2.1   Facility Description   	     23
          2.2.2   Operating and Sampling  Information   .......     25
          2.2.3   Analytical Results   	     29

     2.3  Site 3	     34

          2.3.1   Facility Description   	     34
          2.3.2   Operating and Sampling  Information   	     36
          2.3.3   Analytical Results   	     38

     2.4  Site 4	     44

          2.4.1   Facility Description   	     44
          2.4.2   Operating and Sampling  Information   	     46
          2.4.3   Analytical Results   	     47

     2.5  Site 5	     50

          2.5.1   Facility Description   	     50
          2.5.2  Operating and Sampling.Information   	     56
          2.5.3  Analytical Results   	     57

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                            CONTENTS (Concluded)
     2.6  Site 6	     63

          2.6.1   Facility Description   	     63
          2.6.2   Operating and Sampling Information  	     66
          2.6.3   Analytical Results	     67

     2.7  Site 7	     73

          2.7.1   Facility Description   	     73
          2.7.2   Operating and Sampling Information  	     75
          2.7.3   Analytical Results	     77

     2.8  Site 8	     82

          2.8.1   Facility Description   	     82
          2.8.2   Operating and Sampling Information  	     86
          2.8.3   Analytical Results  	     88

     2.9  Site 9	     94

          2.9.1   Facility Description   	     94
          2.9.2   Operating and Sampling Information  	     96
          2.9.3   Analytical Results	     97

     2.10 Site 10	    103

          2.10.1  Facility Description   	    103
          2.10.2  Operating and Sampling Information  	    105
          2.10.3  Analytical Results  	    107

3    Data Analysis	    Ill

     3.1  Volatile  and Semivolatile Organics  	    Ill
     3.2  Priority  Pollutant Metals  	    119
     3.3  Comparison of EP Toxicity Test Procedure and Toxicity
          Characteristic Leaching  Procedure   .  .  	    126

4    Conclusions  	    131

     APPENDIX A —  QA/QC RESULTS   	    A-l
                                     vi

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                                   FIGURES

Number
   1     Site 1 incinerator schematic	       15
   2     Site 2 incinerator schematic	       26
   3     Site 3 incinerator schematic	       35
   4     Site 4 incinerator schematic	       45
   5     Site 5 incinerator schematic	       54
   6     Site 6 incinerator schematic	       65
   7     Site 7 incinerator schematic	 .       74
   8     Site 8 incinerator schematic	       84
   9     Site 9 incinerator schematic	       95
  10     Site 10 incinerator schematic	      104
  11     Total and average organic concentrations in ash 	      116
  12     Total and average organic concentrations in TCLP
         leachates	      118
  13     Total and average priority pollutant metals
         concentrations in ash	      121
  14     Total and average metals concentrations in ash
         leachate	      123
  15     EP versus TCLP leachate comparison for arsenic,
         chromium, copper, lead, and selenium  	      128
  16     EP versus TCLP leachate comparison for antimony, cadmium,
         nickel, and zinc	      129
                                     vii

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                                   TABLES
Number
   1     Hazardous Waste  Incinerator  Configurations anrl
         Waste IDs	        4
   2     Sample Collection Containers   	        6
   3     Analytical Procedures  	        8
   4     Volatile Organics Sought  in  GC/MS Analysis and
         Their Detection  Limits   	        9
   5     Semivolatile Organics Sought  in the GC/MS Analysis and
         Their Detection Limits   	        10
   6     Analysis Method for Metals Determination  	        11
   7     Summary of Samples Collected  and Analyses performed for
         10 Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities   	        12
   8     Site 1 Process Stream Samples  	        17
   9     Site 1 Volatile Organics	        18
  10     Site 1 Semivolatile Organics	        20
  11     Site 1 Priority Pollutant  Metals	        22
  12     Site 1 PCBs	        24
  13     Site 2 Process Stream Samples	        28
  14     Site 2 Volatile Organics	        30
  15     Site 2 Semivolatile Organics	        31
  16     Site 2 Priority Pollutant  Metals	        33
  17     Site 3 Process Stream Samples	        37
  18     Site 3 Volatile Organics	        39

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                             TABLES  (Continued)

Number
  19     Site 3 Semi volatile Organics	        41
  20     Site 3 Priority Pollutant Metals	        43
  21     Site 4 Process Stream Samples	        48
  22     Site 4 Volatile Organics	        49
  23     Site 4 Semi volatile Organics	        51
  24     Site 4 Priority Pollutant Metals	        52
  25     Site 5 Process Stream Samples	        58
  26     Site 5 Volatile Organics	        59
  27     Site 5 Semi volatile Organics	        61
  28     Site 5 Priority Pollutant Metals	        62
  29     Site 6 Process Stream Samples	        68
  30     Site 6 Volatile Organics	        69
  31     Site 6 Semivolatile Organics	        71
  32     Site 6 Priority Pollutant Metals	        72
  33     Site 7 Process Stream Samples	        78
  34     Site 7 Volatile Organics	        79
  35     Site 7 Semivolatile Organics	        81
  36     Site 7 Priority Pollutant Metals	        83
  37     Site 8 Process Stream Samples	        89
  38     Site 8 Volatile Organics	        90
  39     Site 8 Semivolatile Organics	        92
  40     Site 8 Priority Pollutant Metals	        93
  41     Site 9 Process Stream Samples	        98

                                     ix

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                             TABLES (Concluded)
Number
                                                                      Page
42     Site 9 Volatile Organic*	        99
43     Site 9 Semivolatile Organic*	       101
44     Site 9 Priority Pollutant  Metals	       102
45     Site 10 Process Stream Samples	       106
46     Site 10 Volatile Organics	'	       108
47     Site 10 Semivolatile Organics	       109
48     Site 10 Priority Pollutant Metals	       110
49     Organics in Ash	       112
50     Concentration of Volatile  and Semivolatile Organics in
       Incinerator Ash Residuals  and Their TCLP Leachate ....       113
51'     Concentration of Volatile  and Semivolatile Organics in
       Incinerator APCE Effluents, in mg/L	       117
52     TCLP Leachate Organics	      -118
53     Concentration of Priority  Pollutant Metals in
       Incinerator Residuals	       120
54     Metals in Ash	       121
55     Highest Metals Concentrations in Ash Leachate in mg/L .  .       123
56     Concentration of Priority  Pollutant Metals in APCE
       Aqueous Effluents in mg/L	       125
57     Priority Pollutant Metal Leachate Concentration Data
       Sets, in (mg/L/)/(mg/L)	       127

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                                    SECTION 1
                                  INTRODUCTION

 1.1  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
      Under the amendments to the Resource Conservation  and Recovery Act
 (RCRA)  that were passed in 1985, the Environmental  Protection Agency  (EPA) is
 required to ban the land disposal  of many hazardous wastes unless  it  can be
 proved  that such wastes can be safely disposed  of to the  land.   Incineration
"has proved to be an effective method for the destruction  of many hazardous
 wastes.  The Office of Solid Wastes and Emergency Response (OSWER) is
 considering establishing the criterion that the achievement of residue
 quality equivalent to that from effective incineration  will be required
 before  a waste or residue will be allowed to be disposed  of into the  land.
      EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD)  has characterized stack
 gas emissions from hazardous waste incinerators under a previously conducted
 field testing program to support OSWER's regulation development process.
 This  testing, conducted at eight full-scale operating incinerators, was
 directed at assessing the incinerators'  ability to  achieve the required
 destruction and removal efficiency (ORE) of 99.99 percent.  Some analysis of
 bottom  ash, flyash, and scrubber discharge liquid was conducted.   However, in
 order to assist OSWER in establishing a standard for residue quality, there
 existed a need to conduct more comprehensive chemical characterization of

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incinerator  bottom and flyash  at  a greater number of hazardous  waste
incineration  facilities.
      In  addition  to meeting a  residue  quality criterion  to  be established
by  OSWER,  facilities that  treat,  store,  or dispose of hazardous  waste  (TSDFs)
will  be  subject to existing pretreatment discharge standards established by
the  Office of Water (OW)  or such  standards as may be developed  by  OW in the
future.   Therefore, there  exists  a need  for comprehensive data  on  the
chemical  characteristics  of any wastewater that  may be discharged  from a
hazardous  waste incineration facility.
      The  objective of this project was to provide EPA data  on the
characteristics of both solid  and liquid discharges from hazardous waste
incineration  facilities.   Samples were collected from 10 sites,  and then
analyzed  in  the laboratory for volatiles, semivolatiles, and metals.  This
report summarizes those findings.
1.2   SITE  SELECTION
      Acurex  recommended to EPA candidate incineration facilities from which
samples  could be  procured  during  a site  visit.   Roughly  30  candidate
facilities were identified from lists  of previously tested  facilities, EPA's
database,  RCRA notification and permit lists, and manufacturers' installation
lists.   Not all candidate  facilities participated in the sampling  program due
to a  combination  of site availability, incinerator operational status, types
of waste being incinerated, and budget constraints.
      During the site selection process,  emphasis was placed on facilities
that  incinerate solid  waste, generate ash,  use air pollution control devices,
and facilities which were  previously tested for  air emissions and  thermal
destruction performance.   A total  of 10  sites were tested in this  program

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comprising  a  broad range of hazardous waste incinerator design and current
operating practice.   Table 1 summarizes the incinerator configurations
encountered.
      Most operating  hazardous waste incinerators  use rotary kilns  with  liquid
injection;  six of the ten facilities tested operate  with rotary kilns.   All
six  rotary  kiln sites also burned liquid wastes downstream of the  rotary
combustor.  Typically, smaller incinerator facilities  use fixed hearth
designs.  Three fixed hearth incinerators were tested  in this program.
Typically,  fluidized bed incinerators are not  widely used in  the industry.
Only one  fluidized bed incinerator was tested  in  this  program.
      Most,  but not all, operating hazardous waste incinerators quench ash
before  discharge from the system.  Since APCE  using  wet collection  methods
predominates  among incinerator sites, most additional  ash is  collected  in
effluent  water from  a scrubber or wet ESP,  With  increased regulation of
effluent  water disposal, however, it is possible  for dry ash  collection
systems to  become more popular for future systems and  retrofits.   Air
pollution control  equipment among the 10 tested facilities ranged from
uncontrolled  to primarily wet controls.  Excluding two  sites  with no control
devices,  all  sites had a quench system, a scrubber,  and all but  one used
recycled water with  caustic or ammonia added for  pH  control.   A couple  of
sites with  low pressure wet scrubbers also employed  wet electrostatic
precipitatdrs.
      The hazardous waste incinerators sampled  for this  study  appear to be
representative of those found in the general population with  one exception.
The  two sites  (with  fixed hearth incinerators) that  employed  no active AfCE
may  produce a  nonrepresentative incinerator ash due  to  the lack  of APCE.

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                      TABLE  1.   HAZARDOUS WASTE  INCINERATOR CONFIGURATIONS AND  WASTE  IDs
Site Ho.
Incinerator type









EPA Waste Identification





Incinerator ash quench



1
Rotary kiln
with secondary
combustor In
parallel with
a liquid
waste-fired
boiler



No. 0001
F001
F002
F003
F005

X
2
Rotary kiln
with secondary
combustor In
parallel with
a liquid
Injection
combustor



0001
0008




X
3
Rotary
kiln with
secondary
combustor






0001
F001
F002
F003
FOOS

X
4 5
Fluldlzed Fixed hearth
bed (2 separate
Incinerator Incineration
systems )






None 0001
F001
F002
F003
FOOS


6 7
Fixed Fixed
hearth hearth
with
secondary
combustor





0001 D001
F003 F001
FOOS F002
F003
FOOS

X
B
Rotary kiln
with
(secondary)
liquid
Injection
combustor.
Drums also
conveyed
through
combustor
0001 F001
0002 F002
0006 F003
D007 FOOS
D008 U002
0009
X
9
Rotary
kiln with
secondary
combustor






D001
F001
F002
FOOS
FOOS

X
(rotary kiln only)














10
Rotary
kiln with
secondary
combustor






D001
F001
F002
F003
FOOS

X
(But no ash
during
testing)
Secondary combustion
  chamber with liquid
  waste Injection

Hot gas cyclones

Quench

Scrubber * demister

Acid absorbers

Haste heat recovery boiler


Wet ESP't

No control device
  (Constraints on fuel  and
  firing rates)

Selective material reburnlng
        X

        X

        X




        X
(liquid-waste fired)
                                                                           X          X
                                                                              (drums and residue)

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     Sites are identified throughout this report by number.   After receiving
approval from EPA, the selected sites were contacted to obtain  access  for the
sampling program, determine site-specific sampling information, and determine
facility availability.  All site visits and sampling were conducted during
September, October, and November 1985.
1.3  APPROACH
     A generic sampling and analysis protocol was prepared that addressed all
liquid and solid input and output streams of a generic incineration facility.
This document was prepared in August 1985 and was issued under  separate
cover.  Sampling and analytical activities identified in this protocol
conformed to established EPA liquid and solid sampling and analysis
procedures, and were tailored to each facility on a site-specific  basis.
Site-specific sampling details are discussed in Section 2.
     Typically, samples were collected during a nominal 3- to 4-hour period
of incinerator operation.  Composite samples for analysis were  generally
produced in the field or laboratory by combining a series of  grab  samples
taken from each tested stream during the sampling period. Where appropriate,
the composites reflected the relative flowrates of the streams  involved.
     In general, sample containers consisted of Teflon-capped amber glass
jars.  VOA vials with Teflon-lined lids were prepared in the  field for
storing samples for volatile organic analyses.  A portion of  the collected
liquid samples was stored in a plastic bottle and preserved with nitric acid
for priority pollutant metals.  Containers were filled essentially to
capacity, chilled, and tightly capped to prevent the loss of  volatile
components.  Table 2 summarizes the sample collection containers.

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                    TABLE  2.   SAMPLE  COLLECTION CONTAINERS*
          Analysis  Parameter
       Container
Preservative
     Liquids  for:
       Volatile  organic  compounds
       Base  neutral/acid  organic
       compounds
       Priority  pollutant  metals
    Solids  and  Sludges  for:
       Volatile  organic  compounds
      Base  neutral/acid  organic
      compounds
      Leachable  priority
      pollutant  metals
VOA vial (40 ml)  with
Teflon-lined
Amber glass bottle
(2L) with Teflon-lined
lid
Plastic bottle (2L)
Amber glass wide-mouth
bottle (500 ml)
Amber glass wide-mouth
bottle (500 ml)
Amber glass wide-mouth
bottle (500 ml)
None

None

Nitric acid

None

None

None
    aAll samples  stored  on  ice
    "No air  space present in the  VOA vials
     Appropriate  labels  were affixed to the sample containers after
collection.  The  samples were then packed in ice and shipped to the Acurex
Chemistry Laboratory  for analysis.
     Laboratory analysis of the composite samples consisted of determining
volatile organic  compounds, base/neutral and acid extractable organic
compounds (semivolatiles), plus priority pollutant metals (antimony, arsenic,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium,
silver, thallium,  and zinc) by atomic adsorption in accordance with "Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste," EPA publication SW-846, Second Edition,
revised April 1984.  The solid residue samples were subjected to the EP II

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toxicity leaching procedure to generate an aqueous leachate which  was
analyzed for priority pollutant metals.  The solid residue samples were  also
subjected to the draft Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure  (TCLP),
provided by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and dated December 20. 1985.   The
TCLP generates a leachate which was analyzed by GC/MS for volatile organics,
base/neutral and acid extractable organics, and priority pollutant metals.
Additional POHCs beyond those normally sought were identified and  quantified
for site no. 1, a site licensed to incinerate PCB contaminated materials.
All analytical methods are summarized in Table 3.  Tables 4, 5, and 6  list
those specific compounds sought in the analyses.  A summary of the samples
collected and analyses performed is shown in Table 7.
     A project QA/QC plan, prepared in accordance with EPA's "Interim
Guidelines and Specification for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans,"
QAMS-005/80, December 29, 1980, was issued under separate cover in
November 1985.  A summary of QA/QC results, including the results  of a system
audit by EPA's QA contractor, is given in Appendix A.

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                        TABLE 3.  ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Analytical Method3
Measurement
Parameter
Volatile
organic priority
pollutants*5


Semi volatile
organic priority
'pollutants0


Priority
pollutant
metal sd




Sample Type
Solids, sludges,
and aqueous
liquids
Organic liquids
Solid discharges
Solids and sludges
Organic liquids
Aqueous liquids
Solid discharges
Solids
SI udges
Organic liquids
Aqueous liquids
Solid discharges

Samp! e
Workup
NA
Dilution
(if needed)
TCLP
3550
Dilution
(if needed)
3520
TCLP
followed by
3520 of
extract
3010 or 3020
3050
3030
NA
1310
TCLP
Sampl e
Introduction
5030
Di rect
injection
5030
(extract)
Di rect
injection
Di rect
injection
Direct
injection
Di rect
injection
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Analysis
8240
8240
8240
8270
8270
8270
8270
7000 series
7000 series
7000 series
7000 series
7000 series
7000 series
aAll method numbers  refer  to  SW-846,  second  edition;  NA  denotes not  applicable,
bSee Table 4 for  specific  compounds.
cSee Table 5 for  specific  compounds and" their  detection  limits.
dSee Table 6 for  specific  metals  and  their analytical methods.

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      TABLE 4.  VOLATILE ORGANICS SOUGHT IN GC/MS ANALYSIS AND THEIR
                DETECTION LIMITS (ug/L)
Chlorinated aliphatlcs

  Chloromethane                 5
  Methylene Chloride            3
  Chloroform                    4
  Tetrachloromethane            3
  Chloroethane                  4
  1,1-Dichloroethane            3
  1,2-Dichloroethane            4
  1,1,1-Trichloroethane         3
  1,1,2-Trichloroethane         3
  1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane     3
  1,2-Dichloropropane           3
  Vinyl chloride                4
  1,1-Dichloroethylene          4
  1,2-Dichloroethylene          4
  Trichloroethylene             3
  Tetrachloroethylene           3
 - 1,3-Dichloropropene           2
  Bromomethane                  3
  Bromodichloromethane          3
  Dibromochloromethane          3
  Brbmoform                     3
Chlorinated ethers

  2-Chloroethyl  vinyl  ether      2

Aromatic hydrocarbons

  Benzene                       3
  Toluene                       3
  Ethyl  benzene                  3
  Xylenes                       3
  Styrene                       3

Chlorinated aromatics

  Chlorobenzene                  3

Others

  Acetone                       5
  Carbon disulfide              4
  2-Butanone                    3
  Vinyl  acetate                  3
  2-Hexanone                    4
  4-methyl-2-pentanone          2

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    TABLE 5.  SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS SOUGHT  IN THE GC/MS ANALYSIS
              AND THEIR DETECTION LIMITS  (yg/L)
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Ani1i ne
Anthracene
Benzidine
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzole acid
Benzyl alcohol
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bi s(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyljether
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl  ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
4-Chloroaniline
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Chrysene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
1,2-Di chlorobenzene
1,3-Di chlorobenzene
1,4-Di chlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
 3     4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol          20
 1     2,4-Dinitrophenol             20
 8     2,4-Dinitrotoluene           10
 1     2,6-Dinitrotoluene            5
20     Di-n-octyl  phthalate           2
 1     1,2-Diphenylhydrazine        NA
 1     (as azobenzene)
 1     Fluoranthene                  1
 1     Fluorene                      1
 5     Hexachlorobenzene              2
20     Hexachlorobutadiene           4
 6     Hexachlorocyclopentadiene     5
 2     Hexachloroethane              3
 2     Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene        5
 3     Isophorone                    1
 5     2-Methylnaphthalene           3
 3     2-Methylphenol                 5
11     4-Methylphenol                 5
 3     Naphthalene                   1
 2     2-Nitroaniline               25
 2     3-Nitroaniline               25
 1     4-Nitroaniline               25
 1     Nitrobenzene                  1
 1     2-Nitrophenol                 5
 1     4-Nitrophenol                20
 1     N-m'trosodi-n-propylamine     5
 1     N-nitrosodimethylamine       NA
 1     N-nitrosodiphenylamine        5
 1     Pentachlorophenol              5
40     Phenanthrene                  1
 2     Phenol                        4
 2     Pyrene                        1
 4     1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene        1
 2     2,4,5-Trichlorophenol         5
 2     2,4,6-Trichlorophenol         5
                                  10

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TABLE 6.  ANALYSIS METHOD FOR
          METALS DETERMINATION
    Metal         Method3

  Antimony       7041
  Arsenic        7060
  Beryllium      7090
  Cadmium        7130
  Chromium       7190
  Copper         7210
  Lead           7240
  Mercury        7470,  7471
  Nickel         7520
  Selenium       7740
  Silver         7760
  Thallium       7840
  Zinc           7950
   aMethod  numbers  refer  to
    SW-846,  second  edition.
              11

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                  TABLE 7.   SUMMARY OF  SAMPLES COLLECTED AND ANALYSES  PERFORMED FOR
                              10 HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION FACILITIES
                                                                             Analyses
Stream description
Priority
pollutant
Site numbers Volatlles Semlvolatlles metals
EP II
procedure
Draft
TCLP
PCB
Identity*
Input Streams
  APCE  aqueous supply
  Aqueous or low-Btu waste
  Coating waste solIds
  Chloroprene catalyst sludge
  CS  tear gas powder
  DCB coke solids
  Drum feed liquids
  Drum feed solids
  Lacquer chips
  Lacquered cardboard waste
  Latex coagulum solids
  Liquid Injected waste fuels
  PCB-contamlnated dirt
  PCB liquid waste
  Unused automotive paint
  Vacuum filter solids

Output Streams

  APCE aqueous effluent
  Boiler tube soot blowdown
  Cyclone ash
  Incinerator bottom ash
  Waste water treatment facility
    discharge water
  Rotary kiln ash
  Stack condensate
      8             X
    1  and 5          X
      7             X
      2             X
      4             X
      2             X
      3             X
    3  and 9          X
      6             X
      5             X
      7             X
 1,  3, 5 to 10       X
      1             X
      1             X
      2             X
      2             X
1 to 4,  7 to 10      X
      3            X
    1  and 4          X
    5  to 8           X
 1 to  3, 8, 9
       4
•Site 1 only.
APCE • A1r  pollution control  equipment
CS   • 0-chlorobenzelmalonltrlle
TCB  • l,4-D1ch!orobutene-2

-------
                                   SECTION 2
                                    RESULTS

     The  results  presented  here are organized by site.   For each  site a
process schematic is  included.   This schematic shows at a glance  which
process streams were  sampled (those with numbers only).  Process  operating
conditions  and  flowrates  during the test period are also summarized.   A
sample summary  table  showing the streams sampled, sample date,  RCRA
Identification  numbers,  and analyses performed is given for each  site.  The
analytical  results  are  organized by type of analysis:   volatile,  metals, etc.
Both concentrations and  mass flowrates are reported. Residual  flowrates are
based on  the  estimated  overall  process rates at each site.  If  a  particular
volatile  or semivolatile  pollutant is not listed in the analytical  results
tables, then  that compound  was  not detected (at the nominal detection limits)
in any of the samples.   The nominal detection limits reported for volatile
and semivolatile  analyses are the average of the individual pollutant
detection limits  for  a  given sample.
     Selenium and thallium  data at all sites should be  considered suspect,
owing to  the  fact that  the  QA/QC checks for these two metals did  not  meet the
QA objectives (see  Appendix A).
                                      13

-------
 2.1   SITE  1
 2.1.1   Facility  Description
     The incinerator  design  features  both  a  liquid  injection waste-fired
 boiler  and  a  rotary kiln  incinerator  with  an  afterburner.  The  gas stream
 from the two  incinerators is combined and  passes through a gas  scrubber and
 the exhaust stack.  A flow schematic  of  the  system  is shown in  Figure  1.
     Solid  wastes, including PCB-contanrinated  ballast, capacitors, and dirt,
 can be  received  and reduced  in  size by a totally enclosed shredder, if
 required, and augered into a 7-ft  diameter by  34-ft  long rotary kiln.  The
 ash discharged from the  kiln drops onto  a  water-submerged conveyor and is
 emptied into  a 55-gal  drum.   The hot  combustion gases from the  kiln flow into
 a hot cyclone for particulate removal.
     Off gases from the  hot  cyclone flow into  an afterburner, or thermal
 oxidation unit,  consisting of primary and  secondary  combustion  units, and are
 quenched and  cleaned  in  a venturi  scrubber before being passed  through a
 demister and  out the  stack.
     Ash discharged from  the kiln  and hot  cyclone is disposed of in a
hazardous waste  landfill.  Scrubber water  is  recycled directly  out of the
demister and  from the  lagoon.
 2.1.2  Operating and  Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected for this site:
     •   Dates of site visit:   September 16 and 17,  1985
     •   Process observations:
         —   Ash from the  rotary kiln and  hot  cyclone is disposed of at an
              offsite hazardous  waste  landfill
         —   Scrubber effluent  disposed  of in  an onsite lagoon

                                      14

-------
Figure 1.   Site 1 Incinerator schematic.

-------
     «   Process conditions:
         —  Kiln exit temperature during test 1950 to 2250°F
         --  Hot cyclone temperature of 2000 to 2300°F
         —  Scrubber liquid temperature of 190 to 205°F
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
         —  Aqueous waste water flow 53 Ib/min
         —  PCB liquid flow 81 Ib/min
         —  Kiln solids (dirt) feedrate 53 Ib/min
         —  Kiln ash collected in fifty 55-gal drums per day
         —  Cyclone ash collected in seven 55-gal drums per day
         —  Scrubber effluent generation rate 100 gal/min
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses performed  is
presented in Table 8.
2.1.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 9, the volatile organics in the influent  streams  all
appear to be commonly used industrial solvents, with 1,1,1-trichloroethane
and tetrachloroethylene the principal chlorinated compounds  and  toluene  and
xylenes the principal nonchlorinated compounds.
     The volatile organic concentrations discharged in the kiln  ash,  stream
no. 4, and scrubber effluent, stream no. 7, were all less than 1 mg/kg of ash
and 5 mg/L of scrubber effluent except for 34 mg/kg of 2-Butanone (also  known
as MEK or methyl ethyl ketone) detected in the kiln ash.
                                     16

-------
                      TABLE  8.   SITE  1 PROCESS STREAM SAMPLES
Stream
number
Stream name
Sample
  ID
number
 EPA ID
numbers
Sampling
  date
Analyses
performed3
                                                                             Comments
  1     PCB liquid waste
  1     PCB liquid waste
  3     Liquid waste
        (fired 1n boiler)
                902425  Not  RCRA  9/17/85    2,PCB
                902426  Not  RCRA  9/17/85    2, PCB
                902427  t>         9/17/85
                                       Combined with 902426 and 902428
                                       Combined with 902425 and 902428
1
1
1
5
4

2
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
1
6
PCB liquid waste
PCB liquid waste
PCB liquid waste
Cyclone ash
Kiln ash

Dirt
Aqueous waste
Aqueous waste
Aqueous waste
Aqueous waste
Scrubber effluent
Scrubber effluent
Scrubber effluent
Scrubber effluent
PCB liquid waste
Aqueous waste
902428
902429
902430
902431
902432

902434
902435
902436
902437
902438
902439
902440
902441
902442
902443
902444
Not
Not
Not



Not
c
c
c
c




Not
c
RCRA
RCRA
RCRA



RCRA








RCRA

9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85

9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
9/17/85
2, PCB Combined with 902425 and 902426
3


1.2,3,
4, 5, PCB
1,2,3
2

3
1

3
2, PCB
1
1
1
aKey:  1 » Volatile analyses.
       2 • Semi volatile and base neutral  add analyses.
       3 • Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
       4 » EP Tox1c1ty extraction procedure followed  by  analysis  3.
       5 - TCLP followed by analyses 1, 2, and 3.
bD001, F001, F002, F003, F005.   '
cwater decanted from EPA RCRA wastes 0001, F001,  F002, F003, F005.
                                               17

-------
                                                TABLE 9.   SITE  1 VOLATILE  ORGANICS
CD


Stream number
Stream description

Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number






1
PCB liquid waste

0.61
902443
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/L mg/s

Input
6
Aqueous waste

0.4
902438
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/L mg/s
Total
Input
2
RGB-contaminated
dirt
0.4
902434
Concen-
tration Rate Rate
In 1n In
mg/kg mg/s mg/s


Output
4
K11n ash

0.19
902432
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/kg mg/s
7
Scrubber
effluent
6.3
902442
Concen-
tration Rate
In 1n
mg/L mg/s
Total
output TCLP
4
K1ln ash


902432
Concen-
Rate tratlon
In In
mg/s ug/L
       Detection Limit Factor'

       Priority Pollutants
Methyl ene chloride
1.1-Dlchloroethene
1 , 1-Dt chl oroet hane
Chloroform
1,2-01 chl oroethane
1,1.1-Trlchloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Trlchloroethene
1,1 ,2-Trl chl oroethane
Benzene
Tet rachl oroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Acetone
2-Butanone
4-Methyl -2-pentanone
Total xylenes
1500
40
NO
ND
NO
8800
190
730
250
220
3400
1200
290
380
ND


420
240
910
1800
910
24
<3
<3
<3
5400
120
440
150
130
2100
730
180
230
<3


260
150
550
1100
ND
32
18
47
1800
ND
ND
16
130
ND
ND
12
ND
ND
ND


980
290
140
ND
<2
13
7
19
720
<2
<2
6
52
<2
<2
5
<2
<2
<2


390
120
56
<2
22
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
4
3
ND
ND
ND


36
ND
15
ND
88
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
1.6
1.2
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4


14
<0.4
6
<0.4
920
38
<11
<22
720
5400
120
450
200
130
2100
740
180
230
<5


660
260
620
1100
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
34
ND
ND
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2


<0.2
6.6
<0.2
<0.2
ND
ND
HP
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30


<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30
<30


<30
<40
<30
<30
20
ND
ND
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
6
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
        "To  obtain actual detection limits, multiply this factor  times the Individual detection  limit  values In Table 4 and retain  units
         from  this table.  Note: all  less  than values should be multiplied by detection limit  In Table  4.

-------
     The  volatile  organics  detected  in the TCLP leachate included methylene
chloride  (20  yg/L),  chloroform  (3  yg/L), benzene (2 yg/L), and toluene
(6 yg/L).
Semi volatile  Organics
     As shown in Table  10,  the  quantity of semi volatile organics predominates
in the PCB  liquid  waste primarily  due to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene with a
concentration of about  60 parts per  thousand.  Aqueous waste, stream no.  6,
contains  semivolatile organics  in  concentrations less than 20 ppm by weight.
Only one  semivolatile organic,  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, was detected  in
the PCB-contaminated dirt at  a  concentration of 720 yg/kg (or less than 1 ppm
by weight).   Phthalates in  concentrations of less than 1 ppm are normally
considered  as a contaminant from plasticizers in the laboratory and in the
field.
     The  outlet semivolatile  organics in the kiln ash, stream no. 4, and
scrubber  effluent,  stream no. 7, were all less than the nominal detection
level of  100  yg/kg  (0.1 ppm by  weight) and 10 yg/L (0.01 ppm by weight),
.respectively, except for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate detected at 12 yg/L  in
scrubber  effluent.   These values are generally indicative of a high
destruction efficiency  incinerator.
     Only one semivolatile  organic,  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at 56 yg/L,
was detected  in the  TCLP leachate  at a concentration of greater than 2 yg/L.
                                      19

-------
                                               TABLE  10.   SITE 1  SEMIVOLATILE  OR6ANICS
ro
o
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor*
Priority Pollutants
1 , 2 ,4-TH chl orobenzene
Hexachloroethane
B1s(2-ch1oroethyl) ether
1.2-Dlchlorobenzene
1.3-D1 chl orobenzene
1,4-01 chl orobenzene
Hexachl orobUt adl ene
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Phenol
B1 s ( 2-ethy 1 hexyl ) phthal ate
BenZyl butyl phthal ate
Dl-n-butyl phthal ate
Phenanthrene
All other priority
pollutants
NonprloMty pollutants
2-Methyl phenol
4-Methyl phenol
2-Methylnaphthalene
Benzyl alcohol
Dlbenzofuran
1
PCB liquid
waste
0.61
902425. 26. 28
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
20

58.000
270
ND
1.100
230
1.200
210
ND
340
240
200
290
170
78
ND


ND
ND
940
ND
32

Rate
In
mg/s


35.000
160
<10
670
140
730
130
<10
210
150
120
180
100
50
<10


<10
<10
570
<10
20
6
Aqueous
0.4
902435
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.6

4.3
NO
11
1.7
ND
ND
1.7
13
0.66
ND
0.72
ND
ND
NO
ND


17,000
4.600
ND
4,400
ND
waste

Rate
1n
mg/s


1.7
<0.2
4.4
0.7
<0.2
<0.2
0.7
5.2
0.3
<0.2
0.3
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2


6.8
1.8
<0.2
1.8
<0.2
2
PCB-contamlnated
dirt
0.4
902434
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/kg mg/s
0.2

ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.
ND <0.
ND <0.
0.28 0.
ND <0.
ND <0.
ND <0.
ND <0.


ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
ND <0.1
Total
Input
Total
Output output
4
Kiln ash
0.19
902432

Rate
In
mg/s


35,000
160
<17
670
140
730
130
<17
210
150
120
180
100
50
<12


<19
<14
570
<14
20
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02


<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
7
Scrubber
effluent
6.3
902441
Concen-
tration Rate Rate
In In In
mg/L mg/s mg/s
0.01

ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
0.012 0. 0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1
ND <0. <0.1


ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
ND <0.1 <0.1
TCLP
4
Kiln ash
902432
Concen-
tration
In
Mg/L
2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
56
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
           •To obtain  actual detection limits, multiply this factor times the Individual detection limit  values  In Table 5 and retain units from

            this table.  Note:  all less than values should be multiplied by corresponding detection limits  In Table 5.

-------
Priority Pollutant Metals
     The input waste and output streams were all  analyzed  for  the  13  priority
pollutant metals  (see Table 11).  Unlike organics, the priority  pollutant
metals present in the input waste streams should  be present  in an  equal  mass
quantity in the combined output streams (including exhaust gas).   Most  of  the
output should be  in the kiln ash, stream no. 4, and the scrubber effluent
stream no. 7.  Ideally, a metals mass balance could be constructed to account
for all priority  pollutant input metals within a  few percent.
     The three input streams, PCB liquid waste, aqueous waste, and
PCB-contaminated  dirt, did not contain detectable levels (at 1 mg/L,
0.01 mg/L, and 1  mg/kg, respectively) of antimony, beryllium,  selenium,
stiver, and thallium, and of mercury at a factor  of 20 less.  The  two output
streams, kiln ash and scrubber effluent, did not  contain detectable levels of
beryllium and thallium at an ash detection level  of 1 mg/kg  and  an effluent
detection limit of 0.01 mg/L.
     The scrubber effluent is recycled, and so experiences a build-up of the
13 priority pollutant metals.  Cadmium, chromium, and lead all exceed the  EP
toxicity limits.  Lead is present in a concentration of more than  100 times
the allowable EP  toxicity concentration.
                                     21

-------
                                     TABLE 1.1.   SITE  1  PRIORITY  POLLUTANT METALS
Toxlclty
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate
In g/s
Sample number




Priority tollutant
ro Metals
ro
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
1
PCB liquid
waste
610
902429
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L



<1
3
<1
<2
<1
150
<1
<0.05
<2
<1
<1
<1
17

Rate
In
mg/s



<0.6
1.8
<0.6
<1.2
<0.6
91
<0.6
<0.0
<1.2
<0.6
<0.6
<0.6
10.0
6
Aqueous waste
400
902437
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L



<0.01
0.11
<0.01
0.24
1.9
40
1.5
<0.005
1.9
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
39

Rate
In
mg/s



<0.004
0.044
<0.004
0.096
0.76
16
0.60
<0. 002
0.76
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
16
Total
Input
2
PCB -contaminated
dirt
400
902434
Concen-
tration
In
ng/kg



<1
4
<1
<2
26
28
50
<0.05
<2
<1
<1
<1
180

Rate
In
mg/s



0.4
1.6
<0.4
<0.8
10
11
20
<0.02
<0.8
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
72

Rate
In
mg/s



<1
3.5
<1
<2.1
12
120
21
<0.05
<2.8
<1
<1
<1
98
Output
4
Kiln ash
190
902432
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg



2
4
<1
<2
120
6900
220
<0.05
190
<1
11
<1
160


Rate
In
mg/s



0.39
0.77
0.19
0.39
23
300
42
<0.01
37
<0.19
2.1
<0. 19
31
7
Scrubber
6300
902440
Concen-
tration
In
mg^



0.1
0.2
<0.01
3.5«
lib
550
860C
0.06
<0.02
0.09
<0.01
<0.01
950
effluent

Rate
In
mg/s



0.6
1.3
<0.1
22
69
3500
5400
0.4
0.1
0.6
<0.1
<0.1
6000
Total
output


Rate
1n
mg/s



1
2
<0.3
22
92
4800
5500
0.4
37

-------
      The kiln ash, stream no. 4, was subjected  to two different leaching
 procedures, EP toxicity leaching procedure and  Toxicity Characteristic
 Leaching Procedure (TCLP), to produce a leachate approximating that produced
 in a landfill.  Neither of the leachates had  component concentrations
 exceeding EP toxicity limits.  The TCLP leachate concentration of lead,
 copper,  chromium, and zinc was 1.5 to 3 times the concentration of the EP
 toxicity leachate.  The EP toxicity leachate  concentration for arsenic was at
 least 20 times greater than the TCLP leachate concentration.  The nickel
 concentration for the two leachates was nearly  the same while all others
 were indeterminate due to one or both concentrations being less than
 detectable limits.
'PCBs
      Table 12 presents the PCB analyses.  Since the PCB-contaminated dirt was
 only slightly contaminated, a decision was  made to analyze only the PCB
 liquid waste, kiln ash, and scrubber effluent for PCBs.  The two PCB species
 detected were PCB-1242 and PCB-1260.   Total concentration of the PCB
 contaminated waste is just over 12 percent  by weight (and is obviously a
 transformer oil).  PCB-1242 was detected in the kiln ash at 1400 ppb by
 weight and in the scrubber effluent at 44 ppb by weight.  PCB-1260 was only
 detected in the scrubber effluent  at  a concentration of 105 ppb by weight.
 2.2   SITE 2
 2.2.1  Facility Description
      The incinerator  design features  both a single-stage liquid injection
 incinerator and a rotary kiln incinerator with  a natural gas fired
 afterburner.   Each of the two incinerators  has  a water quench system and a
 cyclone  which  acts to remove particulate matter and droplets entrained in the

                                      23

-------
TABLE 12.  SITE  1  PCBs
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Sample number
1
PCB li
902425
quid waste
, 26, 28
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/L m g/s
PCB Species
1242
1260
35,000
90,000
21,000
55,000
Output
4
Kiln ash
902432
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/kg mg/s
1.4 0.3
NO <0.01
7
Scrubber
effluent
902441
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/L mg/s
0.044 0.3
0.105 0.7
Total
output
Rate
in
mg/s
0.5
0.7
          24

-------
exhaust gas.  After exiting the  cyclones, the  gas  streams combine and pass
through a common  absorber  system,  ID  fan, and  stack  (see Figure  2).
     During our visit,  a liquid  chloroprene  catalyst sludge was  fed
continuously to both the liquid  injection incinerator and the  rotary kiln
from waste feed storage tanks.   The rotary kiln  incinerator was  also
intermittently fed solid waste composed  of DCB coke waste, vacuum filter
cakewaste, and waste paint.   These solid wastes  were fed to the  kiln in
drums.  The residence time of the  solids in  the  kiln typically ranges from
1 to 4 hr.  Ash is removed from  the kiln by  a  water sluice system and pumped
into a clarifier.
     The common absorber system  is a  three-stage scrubber system for HC1
removal.  Inflow  water  is  fed into the third stage of the scrubber, the
quench, and the kiln ash sluice  system.  Part  of the effluent from the
third stage is recirculated to the second stage, and the effluent from the
second stage is recirculated  to  the first stage.  The effluent from the
scrubber system is combined with effluent from the quench and clarifier
before being discharged to a  neutralizer unit  in another part of the plant.
2.2.2  Operating  and Sampling Information
     The following operating  information was collected for this site:
     •   Dates of site  visit:  September 19  and  20, 1985
     •   Process  observations:
         --  Incinerator ash  classified as EPA 0008 and disposed of in an
             offsite hazardous waste  landfill
         —  Clarifier  blowdown processed at onsite waste water treatment
             facility prior to deep well injection
                                     25

-------
ro
en
                                                                               From Clurifior
           1)  Liquid Feed
Liquid Waste

Incineralof
                                             Afterburner
                 Drum Feed
        L»~ Ash Slurry	*- To Clarifier
To Clarificr
                                      Figure 2.  Site  2 Incinerator  schematic.

-------
         --  Make-up water is chlorinated process water from onsite power
             facilities
         --  System rated at 40 million Btu/hr:
             •   Rotary kiln — 11 million Btu/hr
             •   Afterburner — 3 million Btu/hr
             •   Liquid injection incinerator -- 26 million Btu/hr
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Kiln temperature 800°C with 750° to 800°C outlet
         --  Afterburner temperature range 967° to 1000°C
         --  Liquid injection incinerator temperatue 1000°C
         --  Venturi scrubbers operated at 160-in. water column differential
             pressure
         --  System exhaust  5- to 13-percent oxygen
     •   Estimated influent  and effluent flows during test:
         —  CD cat sludge liquid injection    500 Ib/hr
         --  Automotive paint                   60 Ib/hr
         —  DCB coke solids                 1,200 Ib/hr
         —  Vacuum filter solids            1,200 Ib/hr
         —  Kiln ash at sluice                 50 Ib/hr
         --  Scrubber effluent               1,100 gal/min
         —  Clarifier blowdown              15,000 Ib/hr
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses performed is
presented in Table 13.
                                      27

-------
                       TABLE  13.   SITE  2 PROCESS STREAM  SAMPLES
Stream
number
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4'
1
1
1
Stream
First stage
First stage
First stage
description
scrubber
scrubber
scrubber
First stage scrubber
Tank farm nltrlle
Chloroprene
Chloroprene
Chloroprene
Chi oroprene
catalyst
catalyst
catalyst
catalyst
effluent
effluent
effluent
effluent
sludge
sludge
sludge
sludge
DCB coke solids
Vacuum filter solids
Automotl ve
Kiln ash at
First stage
First stage
Chloroprene
Chloroprene
Chloroprene
paint
sluice
scrubber
scrubber
catalyst
catalyst
catalyst


effluent
effluent
sludge
si udge
sludge
Sample
ID
number
902447
902448
902449
902450
902452
902453
902454
902455
902456
902457
902458
902459
902460
902461
902462
902463
902464
EPA
10
number




D001
0001
D001
D001
0001
0001
0001
0008


D001
0001
0001
Sampling
date
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
9/20/85
Analyses
performed3
2
1

1
2



1,2.3
1.2,3
1,2.3
1.2.3.4.5
3
1
3
1

Comments

Combined with 902450 and 902461

Combined with 902448 and 902461
Not sampled at site's request




From d1 chl orobutene snythesls

Unused but requiring disposal


Combined with 902448 and 902450



•fey:   1 • Volatile analyses.
       2 • Semi volatile and base neutral  add analyses.
       3 » Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
       4 • EP Tox1c1ty extraction procedure followed by analysis  3.
       5 - TCLP followed by analyses 1. 2. and 3.
                                               28

-------
2.2.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 14, volatile organics detected in the automotive paint
(stream no. 2) totaled about 264 g/L or approximately 26 percent  by weight  of
the paint.  Toluene accounted for about 7 percent of the paint.   Toluene was
also detected In the filter solids at a concentration of about  1  percent.
Both liquid and solid input streams at this site were complex organic
matrices preventing the identification of compounds having concentration less
than 0.01 percent by weight.
     The outlet volatile organic concentrations in the kiln ash,  stream
no. 3. and the scrubber effluent, stream no. 4, were all  less than  0.1  g/kg
(100 ppm by weight) and 50 yg/L (50 ppb by weight), respectively, except that
chloroform was detected in the scrubber effluent at 4100 yg/L.  Since the
scrubber water is chlorinated, it is very likely that the chloroform is
associated with chlorinating the water and not the hazardous waste
incinerator.
     Twelve volatile organics were detected in the TCLP leachate  at
concentrations ranging from a 3 yg/L for benzene and dichloroethane  to
1700 yg/L for toluene.  (Again, these organics were not detected  in  the  ash
sample at the detection limit of 100 ppm by weight.)
Semi volatile Organics
     Inlet streams contained the expected amount of semi volatile  compounds,
as shown in Table 15.  The wet kiln ash contained seven detected  semivolatile
organics in concentrations ranging from 200 to 610 yg/kg.  Pyrene,
fluoranthene, phenanthrene, phenol, and benzo(t>)fluoranthene were not
detected in the input streams, and are thus likely to be products of

                                     29

-------
                                                              TABLE  14.    SITE 2 VOLATILE  ORGANICS
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number
1
Chloroprene
catalyst sludge
0.063
902463
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/kg mg/s
2
Automotive
paint
0.0076
9024 SB
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/L mg/s
2
OCR coke
solids
0.1S
902456
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/kg mg/s
2
Vacuum filter
solids
0.15
902457
Concen-
tration Rate
In 1n
mg/kg mg/s
Total
Input Output
3
Kiln ash at
sluice
0.0063
902459
Coneen-
Rate t rat Ion Rate
In In In
mg/s mg/kg mg/s
4
Scrubber
effluent
69
902448, 50, 61
Concen-
tration Rate
In 1n
mg/L mg/s
Total
output TCLC
3
Kiln ash
at sluice
902459
Concen-
Rate trail on
In (n
mg/s ug/L
                   Detection Limit Factor*
                                               100
                                                               100
                                                                             100
                                                                                            100
                                                                                                                 100
                                           0.050
CO
o
priority Pollutants

Methylen* chloride          HD      <6        NO
Chloroform                 ND      <6        NO
1,2-Dlchloroethane          NO      <6        NO
TMchloroethene            NO      <6        ND
Benten«                    NO      <6        NO
tetfachloroethene          NO      <6        ND
tolUenc                    ND      <6    73,000
Ethyl benzene               ND      <6    14,000
All other priority          NO      <6        ND
  pollutants

Nonprlorlty Pollutants
                                                                     520
                                                                     110
                                                                      <1
NO
NO
HO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
<15
<15
<15
<15
<15
<15
<15
<15
<15
   ND
   ND
   NO
   ND
   HD
   ND
<37
O7
07
07
<37
O7
9,700   1,500  2.000
   ND     <15   <140
   NO     <1S    O7
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
 ND
4.1
 ND
 NO
 ND
 ND
 NO
 ND
 ND
<3,500
200,000
<3,500
<3,500
<3,500
<3,500
0*500
<3.500
o,5oo
<3.500
280,000
<3,500
<3,500
<3,500
<3,500
<3.5no
<3,5no
<3,500
14
4
3
7
3
6
170(1
25
NT)
Acetone
4-Hethyl -2-pentanone
2-Butanone
Total wlenes
ND
ND
ND
NO
<6
<6
<6
<6
95,000
ND
42,000
40,000
720
<1
320
300
ND <1<
ND <1!
ND <1<
ND <1!
i ND
> ND
i ND
i 500
<15 <75
<15 O7
<15 <3S
76 <40
NO <
ND <
ND <
ND <
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
0,500
0.500
0,500
O.SOO
O.500
O.500
0.500
0,500
590
47
280
80
                    •To  obtain  actual detection limits,  multiply this factor times  the Individual detection  Unit values In Table 4  and  retain units from this tahle.
                     Note:   all  less than values should  be  multiplied  by corresponding detection limits  In  Table 4.

-------
                                         TABLE  15.   SITE  2 SEMIVOLATILE  ORGANICS
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor*
Priority Pollutants
Acenaphthene
1 ,2 ,4-Trl chlorobenzene
1 ,2-DI chlorobenzene
2,4-Dlnltrotoluene
Fluoranthene
Naphthalene
N-nl trosodt phenyl ami ne
Phenol
Bts(2-ethy1hexy1 )phthalate
Benzyl butyl phthalate
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(b ) f 1 uoranthene
Chrysene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
All other priority
pollutants
NdnpHorlty Pollutants
Benzole acid
4-Methyl phenol
2-Hethylnaphthalene
Benzyl alcohol
1
Chloroprene
catalyst sludge
0.063
902452
Concen-
tration
1n
"9/kg
4

ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
NO
1800
ND
ND
NO
ND
210
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
NO
200

Rate
1n
mg/s


<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
1100
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
130
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3


<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
130
2
Automotive
paint
0.0076
902458
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
20

NO
NO
NO
NO
ND
1.000
ND
ND
520
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
NO
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.2
<0.2

-------
incomplete combustion or were introduced with the quench  water.   The  other
two detected semivolatiles were present in the input waste streams.   The
scrubber effluent contained only two detected semi volatile organics,  phenol
and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, each at approximately 30 ug/L.   These  two
were also detected in the kiln ash sample.
     Only bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in the  kiln  ash leachate
from the TCLP.  Frequently, the presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate  is
associated with contamination but, in this case, it was in the automotive
paint at a relatively high concentration (0.05 percent),  and therefore  may
not have been completely destroyed.
Priority Pollutant Metals
     Table 16 presents the results of the analyses for priority  pollutant
metals.  Antimony, arsenic, beryllium, and cadmium were generally not
detected in the input streams and were in low concentrations or  not detected
in the output streams as well.  The vacuum filter solids  had relatively high
levels of nickel, zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and mercury.   Measurable
levels of selenium, lead, silver, and mercury were also found  in the  other
three input streams.
     Output concentrations, as expected, were highest in  the kiln ash ranging
from 640 mg/kg for zinc to 7300 mg/kg for nickel.  Lower  concentration  metals
such as lead (100 mg/kg), mercury (2.2 mg/kg), silver (8  mg/kg), and  selenium
(6 mg/kg) exceed EP leachate toxicity limits.  With the exception of  nickel,
present at a concentration of 23 my/L, the sludge was found to be essentially
void of priority pollutant metals.
     The EP and TCLP leachates from ttie kiln ash generally have  metal
concentrations less than detection limits (nominally 0.01 mg/L,  but as  low  as

                                     32

-------
                                 TABLE 16.  SITE  2 PRIORITY POLlAjTANT METALS
to
co
Toxlclty
Input
Stream lumber
Stream description
Stream flowrate
In kg/s
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
hetals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
1
Chloroprene
catalyst sludge
0.063
902462
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg


<0.01

-------
0.001 mg/L for mercury), and agree to within 15 percent.  Three exceptions
include copper, selenium, and silver.
2.3  SITE 3
2.3,1  Facility Description
     This two-level facility includes a large materials handling building,
tank farm for liquid waste storage, specially designed feed system for 55-gal
drums, rotary kiln, mixing chamber, secondary combustion chamber, extensive
air and water pollution control, a 200-ft discharge stack, and necessary
accessory equipment.  A schematic of this facility is shown in Figure 3.
     Although tank truck unloading is provided, most of the industrial wastes
are hauled to the materials handling building in well-labeled 55-gal  drums.
•After sorting, liquid wastes are pumped through pipes to the tank farm;
nonpumpable wastes (oily rags, sludges, etc.) are fed directly into the kiln
by a semiautomatic feed system that recovers the drum if possible.
Otherwise, drum and contents are dropped into the kiln.
     A burner in the slowly rotating kiln burns liquid wastes pumped from the
tank farm.  The minimum temperature is 2000°F.  Burned out drums and ash drop
from the kiln into a water quench chamber and are carried on a conveyor to
trucks that take the residue to a storage area.  The iron in the residue,
which is from the steel drums, is picked up with a magnet and recycled like
scrap metal.
     Gas and smoke flow from the kiln through a mixing chamber and into a
secondary combustion chamber to complete the burning process.  The resulting
gas stream then enters the air pollution control system that includes a
series of water sprays that cool and clean the gas stream with up to 1400 gal
of water per minute.

                                     34

-------
                                                                           rutSH HMCI
                                                                                                      ITAH MS
                    M.I rcn
Ol
                                                                                                                    DISPOSAL
                                      Figure 3.   Site  3 Incinerator  schematic.

-------
     A 500-hp fan draws the gas stream through the air pollution control
train and forces it up the 200-ft stack.  Meanwhile, dirty water from the air
pollution control system is neutralized with lime and pumped to the onsite
wastewater treatment facility.  The wastewater sludge is hauled to a secure
landfill because it contains small amounts of heavy metals.
     This facility operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except for about
four 10-day shutdown periods each year for maintenance.  Only the waste
produced by the corporation is processed at this facility.
2.3.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected for this site:
     •   Dates of site visit:  September 23 and 24, 1985
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Stack gas 03 concentration 14 percent on a wet basis
         —  Stack gas C02 concentration 5 percent on a wet basis
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
            i
         —  APCE effluent flow 2 million gal/day
         —  Wastewater treatment facility generates 4 wet tons of
             sludge/day
         —  Ash generation rate of 5 tons/day
         —  Average system capacity is 90 million Btu/hr and 500 drums/day
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses performed is
presented in Table 17.
                                      36

-------
                   TABLE  17.   SITE  3 PROCESS STREAM  SAMPLES
Stream
number
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
£
5
5
5
5
5
Stream description
Drum feed (solids)
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Drum feed (liquid)
Liquid waste fuel
Mln ash from drag conveyor
Boiler tube soot blowdown
Belt filter cake
APCE effluent water
APCE effluent water
APCE effluent water
APCE effluent water
APCE effluent water
Sample EPA
ID ID
number number
902466 D001
902467 b
902468 b
902469 b
902470 b
902472 b
902475 D001
902478 b
902479
902481
902482
902483
902484
902485
902486
902487
Sampling
date
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
9/24/85
Analyses
performed3 Comments
1,2.3
2,3 Combined with 902467,
68. 69. 70
2.3 Combined with 902467,
68, 69, 70
2,3 Combined with 902467.
68, 69, 70
2.3 Combined with 902467,
68, 69, 70

1
1,2,3.4,5
1,2,3,4,5
1,2.3,4.5
2

3
1 Combined with 902487
1 Combined with 902486
"Key:   1  »  Volatile analyses.
       2  «  Semi volatile and base  neutral add analyses.
       3  -  Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
       4  -  EP  Toxiclty extraction procedure followed by analysis  3.
       5  -  TCLP followed by analyses 1, 2, and 3.
bEPA ID Numbers D001. F001. F002. F003, F005
                                           37

-------
2.3.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 18, the liquid waste fuel, stream no.  2,  contained
high levels of volatile organics.  The combined concentration of all  detected
organic solvents in the liquid waste was approximately 500 g/L (50  percent).
The three detected organics in the drum feed solids included  toluene,
ethyl benzene, and xylenes.
     Output streams were essentially void of volatile organics.   Only  the
kiln ash and the belt filter cake were found to have volatile organics with
concentrations ranging from about 1 to 4 ppm.  The belt filter cake
represents primarily the particulate captured in the APCE effluent  water.
Volatile organics detected in the belt filter cake are attributed primarily
to flue yas particulate because effluent water (stream no. 5) was found to be
void of volatile organic compounds,
     TCLP analyses were performed on kiln ash and boiler tube soot  leachates.
Kiln ash leachate included carbon disulfide (900 yg/L), toluene (27 yg/L),
methylene chloride (23 yg/L), xylenes (15 yg/L), and ethyl benzene (2 yg/L).
Analysis of boiler tube soot leachate revealed chloromethane  (50 yg/L),
bromomethane (9 yg/L), and toluene (10 yg/L).  These organics were  not found
in the soot sample (stream no. 4) because the analytical detection  limit was
too high.  Since chloromethane and bromomethane were not detected in any
incinerator input streams, their presence in the leachates may be attributed
to byproducts of combustion or the result of contaminated APCE effluent
water.
                                     38

-------
                                                       TABLE  18.   SITE 3 VOLATILE  OR6ANICS
co
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate
in kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Fact orb
Priority Pollutants
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Methyl ene chloride
1,1-Dichloroethane
1 .1 ,1-Trlchloroethane
1 ,1 ,2-Trlchloroethane
Tetrachloroethent
Toluene
Ethylbentene
All other priority
pollutants
NonprlorUy Pollutant*
Acetone
Carbon dlsulfldi
2-Butanone
4-Hethyl-t-pentanone
Styrene
Total xylenei
1
Drum feed
solids
1.9
902466
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg
100

ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
28,000
200
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
700

Rate
In
mg/s


<190
<190
<190
<190
<190
<190
<190
54.000
390
<190


<190
<190
<190
<190
<190
1.400
Total
input
2
Liquid waste
fuel
0.76
902478
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
100

ND
ND
9,800
46.000
29.000
47.000
200
52.000
4,500
ND


160.000
ND
100.000
30,000
ND
17,000

Rate
In
mg/s


<76
<76
7.400
35,000
22,000
36,000
150
39.000
3,400
<76


120.000
<76
76.000
23,000
>76
13.000

Rate
1n
mg/s


<270
<270
7,400
35.000
22.000
36,000
<340
93,000
3,800
<270


120,000
<270
76,000
23.000
<270
14.000

3
Kiln ash
0.053
902479
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg
0.5

ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.5
0.5
ND


ND
2.8
ND
ND
4.3
1.5
-

Output
4 5
Boiler tube APCE effluent
soot water
0.010 87
902481 902486, 87

Rate
in
mg/s


<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
0.13
0.03
<0.03


<0.03
0.15
<0.03
<0.03
0.23
0.08
Concen-
tration
In
"9/l(g
100

ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
Concen-
Rate tratlon Rate
In In In
mg/s mg/L mg/s
0.001

<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 NO <0.
<1 NO <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.


<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.
<1 ND <0.1
Total TCLP
output
6
Belt filter cake*
0.042
902482
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.5

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
4.4
1.2
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.3

Rate Rate
In In
mg/s mg/s


<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
0.08 <1
<0.02 <1
0.18 <1
0.05 <1
<0.02 <1


<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
<0.02 <1
0.1 <1
3
Kiln ash
902479
Concen-
tration
In
y9/L
1

ND
ND
23
Nil
ND
ND
ND
27
2
ND


ND
900
ND
ND
ND
15
4
Boiler
tube soot
902481
Concen-
tration
In
LI 9/1
1

50
9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
10
ND
ND


ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
      •Belt filter cake Is physically removed from APCE effluent water, and  therefore Us  flowrates are not Included  In the total  output flowrates.
      bTo obtain actual detection  limits, multiply this factor  times the individual detection limit values in Table 4 and retain units  from this table.
      Note:  all less than values  should be multiplied  by corresponding detection limits  in Table 4.

-------
Semi volatile  Organics
     As  shown in  Table  19,  several semi volatile organics were detected in
both input  streams.  Concentrations  of priority pollutants in the liquid
waste  fuel  was substantially  higher  than that of the drum feed solids
(pproximately 1.2 versus  0.005  percent by weight).
     Output samples  included  kiln  ash, stream no. 3, boiler tube soot, stream
no. 4, APCE effluent water, stream no. 5, and belt filter cake, stream no. 6.
Kiln ash had  detectable levels  of  bis(3-ethylhexyl)phthalate (4400 yg/L),
phenol (3000  yg/L),  as  well as  lower levels of other phthalates,
fluoranthene, naphthalene,  and  2-methylnaphthalene, most of which were
present  in  the input streams.   The only semi volatile detected in the boiler
•tube soot was bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (400 yg/L).  The APCE effluent
water  did not contain any semivolatile compounds; however, the belt filter
cake was found to have  several  semivolatile organic compounds.
Concentrations however, were  in ppb  to low ppm levels.  Half of the detected
organics, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (2400 yg/L), diethyl phthalate
(470 yg/L). phenol  (260 yg/L),  di-n-butyl phthalate (140 yg/L), and
naphthalene (130  yg/L), were  detected in the input.  The other five organics,
pyrene,  fluoranthene, phenanthrene,  di-n-octyl phthalate, and chrysene, were
not detected  in the  input streams  and are likely products of incomplete
combustion.
     TCLP leachates  were  generated for three samples — kiln ash, boiler tube
soot,  and belt filter cake.   Phenol  (116 yg/L) and diethyl phthalates (6 to
30 yg/L)  were detected  in the kiln ash and boiler tube soot leachates.  No
semivolatile  organics were  detected  in the belt filter cake leachate.
                                     40

-------
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor11
1
Priority Pollutant!
Fluoranthene
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Phenol
B1 s( 2-ethylhexyl )phtha1 att
Benzyl butyl phthalate
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
01 ethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Chrysene
Phenanthrene
D1benzo(a,h)anthracene
Pyrene
A11 other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Benzole acid
2-Methyl phenol
2-Hethyl naphthalene
1
Drum feed
1.9
902466
Concen-
tration
1n
«g/L
0.1


ND
NO
0.23
4.7
13
ND
430
ND
ND
28
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND


1.6
0.94
0.22
solids

Rate
1n
«g/J



<0.2

-------
Priority Pollutant  Metals
     From Table  20,  the  two  input  waste streams,  drum feed  solids  and  liquid
waste fuel,  contained  approximately 750 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of  zinc.
Concentrations of all  other  priority pollutant metals were  generally below
10 ppm.
     Output  concentrations in  the  kiln  ash  and boiler soot  ash  generally  saw
much higher  concentrations than  in the  input  streams.  Boiler tube soot
generally had the highest  concentrations, which might be  expected  due  to
metals erosion from boiler tubes.   For  the  kiln ash  and boiler  tube soot,
zinc was present in  the  highest  concentration with chromium, lead, copper,
and nickel being substantially lower.  APCE effluent  water  contained
relatively dilute concentrations of priority  pollutant  metals as expected  due
to the high  water flow.  Zinc  and  thallium  were present in  the  highest
concentration (16 mg/L each) with  lead  being  present  at a relatively high
2.6 mg/L.  Priority  pollutant  metals, as expected, were generally  detected at
a higher level in the  belt filter  cake  than in the APCE effluent water.   High
levels of zinc (5000 mg/kg)  and  lead (3100  mg/kg) were  both detected with
lower levels of antimony (440  mg/kg), chromium (180 mg/kg), copper
(160 mg/kg)  and the  remaining  metals.
     The EP  and TCLP leachates for the  three  solid residuals, kiln ash,
boiler tube  soot, and  belt filter  cake, are generally within a  factor  of  two
or less for  comparable samples.  The boiler tube  soot EP  leachate  exceeds  the
EP toxicity  limit for  cadmium  (8.6 mg/L), while the TCLP  leachate  exceeds  the
limit for cadmium (6.7 mg/L) as  well  as selenium  (1.4 mg/L).  The  belt filter
cake EP and  TCLP leachate each exceed toxicity limits for cadmium
                                      42

-------
                                                   TABLE 20.    SITE  3  PRIORITY POLLUTANT  METALS
to



Input
StrtM nuttier I
StroM dour lot Ion Onn food lolldl
Str«M flo-rili 1.9
In kf/i
toncw-
tntlon lit*
•9/k9 «9/l
•Morltr rollgtint
Mtlll
Afittnony <
Arutitc <
ItrylllMi <
Ceifcriwi <
Chrantuo)
toppor I

Mercury <0.
•Ickol 1
SolenliM <
SI Ivor
Tk-lla ifnixnt «t*r, in4 thortfort Hi flwritoi irt not tncluotd In tin totil output flowittt.
           H«CM<|| V Toilcltr Itvlt of I B9/L.
           tfiCMdl IP Toil city Halt of 5 -|/l.
           •Tru* >flu( llHljr to bo wen lo«*r, btciuw of Imorformcot during inilylli.

-------
 (1.5 mg/L  and 1.8  mg/L,  respectively)  and  lead  (28 mg/L and 16 mg/L,
 respectively).
 2.4  SITE  4
 2.4.1   Facility Description
     The incinerator facility  features three separate incinerators, namely a
 fluidized  bed combustor,  a chain  grate incinerator, and a rotary kiln
 incinerator.   Only the fluidized  bed  incinerator is discussed since the other
 two incinerators were not in operation during the site sampling visit.  A
 schematic  of  this  incinerator  is  shown in  Figure 4.
     The facility  normally receives irritant and/or explosive material which
 is excess  to  current requirements, not completely consumed in use, or present
-as a contaminant.   The fluidized  bed  combustor  design allows for the
 incineration  of those wastes that are powders,  granular material, and
 pumpable liquids or slurries.   The liquids can  be pumped into the 13-ft
 inside diameter refractory-lined  fluidized bed  combustor.  Powders and
 granular material  are pneumatically transported into the combustor using an
 eductor powered by high-pressure  nitrogen, steam, or air to create a draft
 that draws the powdery material into  a 2-in. diameter feedline and transport
 the material  into  a hot  bed of silica sand.  The fluidized bed combustor is
 initially  charged  with 60,000  Ib  of fine silica sand.  Additional sand is
 occasionally  added to replace  sand elutriated during normal usage.
     A hot cyclone separates most of  the elutriated sand and ash from the
 fluidized  bed off-gases  which  are then quenched and scrubbed by a
 low-pressure  wet venturi  before being released  to the atmosphere through a
 stack  common  to all three incinerators.
                                      44

-------
                                                             Water
        "CS" Powdar
              —(
        liquid! 	|

        Nlturil 	,
tn
                                                                                                                             Stick condenittt
                                                                                                                              Treatment
                                                                                                                              Facility
                                           Figure 4.   Site  4 Incinerator schematic.

-------
2.4.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected for this  site:
     •   Dates of site visit:  September 23 and 24,  1985
     •   Process observations:
         --  Cyclone ash, always tested prior to disposal, generally  does  not
             exhibit the characteristic of EP toxicity and thus  can be
             landfilled in a Class II landfill
         —  Natural gas burned as primary fuel in fluid bed combustor
         —  Eductor powered by steam during test but normally powered by
             nitrogen or compressed air
         —  CS tear gas feedline periodically cleaned with steam since some
             melting of CS occurs in feedline during normal  operation.
             Normal procedure is to purge feedline with steam after feeding
             an 80-1b drum of CS
         ~  Bed material used during test was previously used when burning
             a flame retardant chemical
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Bed temperature, middle and high locations, average 1650°F
         --  Freeboard temperature, average 1550°F
         --  Fluidizing airflow 3,000 scfm
         —  Bed pressure drop 80 in. of water
         —  Windbox pressure 80 in. of water
         —  Bed initially charged with 60,000 Ib of flintshot sand
             (approximately 30 mesh) from Ottawa Industrial  Sand Company
         —  Scrubber holding tank pH maintained at about 7
                                     46

-------
          —  Superficial  velocity through  bed  approximately  1.5 ft/sec during
              test
          —  Stack gas oxygen concentration  about  15.8 percent on a dry basis
      •    Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
          —  CS tear gas  injection rate  2  Ib/min
          —  Cyclone collected ash and sand  flow rate 0.2 Ib/min
          --  Scrubber holding tank blowdown  estimated at 35  gal/min
          ~  Stack condensate measured as  0.2  gal/min
 A summary of all  samples  collected at this site and the analyses performed is
 presented in Table 21.  The stack condensate was not mixed with the scrubber
 effluent  since the stack  is also used by other incinerators.
•2.4.3  Analytical Results
        This facility at the time of the  test was incinerating CS tear gas
 (o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile) in a fluidized bed incinerator.  This serves as
 an example of a special type of incinerator  being  used to dispose of a unique
 waste.
 Volatile  Organics
      As shown in Table 22,  the relatively  high-purity CS tear gas contained
 no volatile organics at a concentration  of greater than 100  ppm by weight.
 The volatiles detected in the cyclone ash  and  scrubber effluent in
 concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 ppm might  be (a) products of incomplete
 combustion, or (b)  contaminants in the scrubber makeup water.  Since the
 dry-collected cyclone ash contained the same five  volatiles  detected in the
 scrubber  effluent,  the possibility of the  volatiles being PICs is suspected.
 From visual  observations, the cyclone ash  appeared to be almost completely
 flintshot sand.

                                      47

-------
                                    TABLE  21.   SITE 4 PROCESS STREAM SAMPLES
oo
St ream
number
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3

2
2
3
4
«Key:


Sample
ID EPA ID
Stream name number number
CS tear gas powder 902645
Scrubber holding tank drain 902646
Scrubber holding tank drain 902647
Scrubber holding tank drain 902648
Scrubber holding tank drain 902649
Stack condensate 902650
Stack condensate 902651
Stack condensate 902652
Stack condensate 902653
Stack condensate 902654
Stack condensate 902655
Stack condensate 902656
Stack condensate 902657
Scrubber holding tank drain 902658
Scrubber holding tank drain 902659
30 mesh fllntshot sand 902660
Cyclone ash (from test) 902661
Cyclone ash (pre-test) 902662
Scrubber holding tank drain 902663
Stack condensate 902664
1 « Volatile analyses.
2 « Semi volatile and base neutral acid
3 « Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None

Sampling
date
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85
9/23/85

Analyses
performed3 Comments
1,2,3
1
NA
2
3
NA Not representative
NA Not representative
NA Not representative
NA Not representative
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA Upstream of recycle pump
NA Upstream of recycle pump
NA Ottawa Industrial Sand Co.
1,2,3,4,5
NA
1
NA

analyses.

4 B EP Toxldty extraction procedure followed

5 = TCLP followed by analyses 1, 2, and
3.


by analysis 3.



-------
                     TABLE  22.   SITE  4 VOLATILE  ORGANICS
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate 1n kg/s

Sample number
                              Input
CS tear gas
0.015

902645
                           Output
Cyclone ash
0.0015

902661
Scrubber drain
2.2

902646
                                 Total
                                 output
                                                          TCLP
Cyclone ash


902661
                          Concen-        Concen-          Concen-                   Concen-
                          tration  Rate  tration   Rate   tratlon  Rate    Rate     tratlon
                            1n      1n     In       1n       In       1n      1n        1n
                           mg/kg   mg/s   mg/kg    mg/s    ng/L    mg/s    mg/s      vg/L


Detection Limit Factor*     100            0.5              0.5                        1

Priority Pollutants

Trans-l,2-D1chloroethene     NO    <1.5    1.1     0.016    0.6      1.3     1.3       NO
l,2-01chloroethane           NO    <1.5     NO    <0.007   32      71      71         NO
1,1,1-TMchloroethane        NO    <1.5    3.7     0.055    6.8    15      15         NO
TMchloroethene              NO    <1.5    5.4     0.081   14      31      31         NO
Tetrachloroethene            NO    <1.5   16       0.24     1.2      2.6     2.9       NO
Toluene                      NO    <1.5    6.4     0.096    5      11      11         KD
All other priority           NO    <1.5     NO    <0.007    NO    <1.1    <1.1       NO
    pollutants

NonpHoHty Pollutants

Total xylenes                NO    <1.5     NO    <0.007    1.2      2.6     2.6       NO


>To obtain actual detection limits, multiply this factor times the Individual detection limit
 values In Table 4 and retain units from this table.  Note: all  less than values should be
 multiplied by corresponding detection limits In Table  4.
                                          49

-------
Semi volatile Organlcs
     As shown in Table 23, no semi volatile organics were detected in  input,
output, and TCLP leachates for this tested facility.  Nominal  detection
limits of 10,000 yg/kg (10 ppm by weight) were used for the CS tear gas,
10 yg/kg (10 ppb) for cyclone ash, 10 yg/L (10 ppb) for scrubber effluent,
and 2 yg/L (2 ppb) for TCLP leachate of cyclone ash.  The detection limits
all appear quite reasonable for this application and clearly indicate no
priority pollutant semivolatile organics in any of the samples.
Priority Pollutant Metals
     Table 24 lists the priority pollutant metals results for this site.  The
CS tear gas contained only silver (4 mg/kg) and nickel (3 mg/kg) in
Detectable quantities.  Output streams would likely contain at least  nickel
and silver from the CS tear gas.  Although the cyclone ash appeared to be a
high silica sand (from the fluidized bed) some metals were detected in
concentrations ranging from 7 ppm for chromium to 200 ppm for zinc.  Silver
and nickel from the tear gas were also detected in the cyclone ash.  The
scrubber effluent blowdown had only one metal, zinc (0.27 mg/L), with a
concentration above 0.06 mg/L.  The EP and TCLP leachate results showed
generally good agreement.  The three detected metals in the highest
concentrations, zinc, nickel, and chromium, were present in nearly equal
concentrations in the EP and TCLP leachates.
2.5  SITE 5
2.5.1  Facility Description
     This site has two incinerators which are located at a commercial
facility designed primarily to bum liquid wastes, but also with the
capability to accept solid wastes in small quantities.  Wastes come primarily

                                     50

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                     TABLE  23.   SITE 4  SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
                             Input
                    Output
                                Total
                                output
                                   TCLP
Stream number
Stream description

Stream flowrate in kg/s
Sample number




1
CS tear gas

0.015
902645
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/kg mg/s
2
Cyclone ash

0.0015
902661
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/kg mg/s
3
Scrubber

2.2
902646
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L

drain




Rate
in
mg/s
2
Cyclone
ash

902661
Concen-
Rate tration
in in
mg/s wg/L
Detection Limit Factor*    10

Priority Pollutants

AH                         ND
<0.15
        0.01
ND
<0.000015
                  0.01
ND
<0.02  <0.02
ND
«To obtain actual  detection  limits, multiply this factor times the individual  detection limit
 values in Table 5 and retain  units from this table.   Note:  all less than values  should be
 multiplied by corresponding detection limits in Table 5.
                                            51

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TABLE 24.  SITE 4 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
Toxicity
Input
Stream number
Stream description

Stream flowrate 1n
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 1 urn
Cadml um
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Z1nc
1
CS tear

0.015
902645
Concen-
tration
1n
rag/kg


<1
<1
<2
<1
<2
<4
<1
<0.1
3
<1
4
<5
<4

gas




Rate
1n
mg/s


<0.01
<0.07
<0.30
<0.01
<0.30
<0.60
<0.01
<0.00
0.04
<0.09
0.06
<0.07
<0.06
2
Cycl one

0.0015
902661
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg


<1
<1
<2
<1
7
<4
<1
<0.1
25
<1
120
<1
200
Output

ash




Rate
1n
mg/s


<0.001
<0.001
<0.003
<0.001
0.010
<0.006
<0.001
<0.000
0.037
<0.001
0.181
<0.001
0.302
3
Scruhber

2.2
902649
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L


<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.06
<0.04
<0.01
<0.001
0.05
<0.01
<0.02
0.02
0.27

drain




Rate
1n
mg/s


<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.13
<0.08
<0.02
<0.002
0.11
<0.02
<0.04
0.04
0.59
Total
output






Rate
1n
mg/s


<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.14
0.09
<0.02
<0.002
0.14
<0.02
<0.22
0.04
0.89
EP
2
Cyclone
ash

902661
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L


<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.03
<0.01
<0.01
<0.001
0.18
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
2.2
TCLP
2
Cyclone
ash

902661
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L


<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.03
0.02
<0.01
<0.001
0.22

-------
 from the furniture manufacturing industry.   The  units each consist of two,
 horizontally oriented, cylindrical  refractory lined combustion chambers
 (primary and secondary) situated one above  the other.  Combustion gases exit
 through  a stack at one end of the secondary chamber.  A schematic diagram of
 the system is shown in Figure 5.
      Liquid wastes are delivered to the plant in tank trucks and stored in
 one of eight main storage tanks 12,500 to 20,000 gal each.  Two types of
 liquid wastes, organic and aqueous, are normally incinerated at the facility.
 The bulk liquid wastes are categorized as solvents, high-Btu wastes, or low-
 Btu wastes, with one or more storage tanks  for each category.  A reprocessed
 oil is used as fuel oil when necessary and  is stored in one of the eight
•storage  tanks.  Waste chemicals are also received at the plant in 55-gal
 drums which are stored inside the building.  When scheduled for incineration,
 those drums are emptied into a small holding tank that is equipped with an
 exhaust  hood.  The liquid wastes can then be pumped from the base of the tank
 directly into either incinerator.  Capacity of that tank is approximately
 630 gal.
      Waste liquids are fed to the primary combustion chamber using
 air-atomized injectors (a total of four are available).  Flowrates are
 established by adjusting manually operated  values. For the small
 incinerator, an ECP 1500T, the primary combustion chamber is approximately
 10 ft long and has an outside diameter of 8 ft.   The firing end has an
 opening  about 60 in. wide with a variable opening height depending upon the
 position of an adjustable shutter which is  used  to regulate the natural draft
 of combustion air.  The unit is rated at 9.5 x 106 Btu/hr, with a normal
 operating temperature of 1700 to 2100°F in  both  chambers.  The secondary

                                      53

-------
                                                                            t
•—v ouiveni wdbteb
1 i f -ri • ~~
•^X High Btu wastes^
'-"\ Low Btu wastes
31 n . n.,r ^
•— ' *
'-v Solid wastes
Primary
combustion
chamber
^-

Secondary
combustion
chamber
*-

Stack
A86-0113
Small incinerator only
                            Ash (5
                      Figure 5.  Site 5 Incinerator schematic.

-------
chamber is identical to the primary except that it is only 7 ft in diameter.
A burner and blower can add additional heat to the secondary chamber.   The
periodic use of the blower alone to add more combustion air for temperature
control is quite common.  Typical retention times are 2 to 3 sec.
     The solids periodically hand-fed into the small  incinerator typically
include lacquer chips, filters, and rags all from the furniture manufacturing
industry.  Since the primary combustion chamber has a fixed hearth,  solids
with high ash content typically reduce the allowable continuous operating
time.
     The larger incinerator, an ECP 2500T, has slightly larger and longer
primary and secondary combustion chambers; on a volume basis those chambers
are slightly more than twice as large as those on the ECP 1500T.  The  larger
incinerator has a sealed primary combustion chamber so no solids can be fed.
The secondary chamber also incorporates a burner and blower to control  the
chamber temperature.
     The exhaust stacks (which are also refractory lined) extend to  a  height
of 20 ft above the secondary combustion chamber.  Combustion gases exiting
the stack typically average about 1450°F.  At the beginning of a typical
week's operation, ash which has accumulated on the bottom of the primary
chamber from the previous week's operation is manually removed and stored  in
an outdoor concrete holding bay.  The ash is later drummed and sent  to a
hazardous waste landfill.
     Since the incinerators lack typical add-on devices for control  of
particulates and HC1 emissions, particulate emissions are normally controlled
by control of waste inerts (ash) and combustion airflow (turbulence) in the
                                     55

-------
primary combustion chamber, while HC1 emissions are normally controlled by
limiting facility acceptance of chlorinated wastes and burning a variety of
wastes to effectively blend wastes in the combustor.
     This facility is reportedly undergoing voluntary closure proceedings
because the owner needs to add APCE or to reduce operations.
2.5.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected for this site:
     •   Date of site visit:  September 26, 1985
     •   Process observations:
         —  Both incinerators temporarily shutdown while facility underwent
             minor piping modifications
         —  Ash samples removed from shutdown incinerators (ash can be
             sampled only if systems are shutdown)
         —  Ash from small and large incinerators drummed and sent to a
             hazardous waste landfill for disposal
         —  Incinerators not extensively instrumented
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Stack gas oxygen concentration about 10 percent on a dry basis
         —  Stack flow in small incinerator 2900 scfm
         —  Stack flow in large incinerator 4600 scfm
         —  Permit conditions require secondary combusion chamber
             temperatures greater than 1600°F
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
         —  Large incinerator ash generated at an estimated rate of
             7 ft3/week
         —  Estimated stream flows were not available at this site

                                     56

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A summary  of  all  samples  collected  at  this site and the analyses performed
is presented  in Table  25.
2.5.3  Analytical  Results
     Since no stream flowrates  were available at this site, only
concentrations are reported  in  the  results tables.
Volatile Organics
     Volatile organics results  from this  incineration facility are shown in
Table  26.   Solvent wastes, stream no.  1,  with a total volatile organic
concentration of  180 g/L  included several common solvents in concentrations
greater than  10,000 mg/L.  High-Btu wastes contain about 70 g/L of volatile
organics.   Low-Btu liquid wastes  usually  contain a high percentage of water.
"Organics detected  at a concentration greater than 120 mg/L included only
acetone, tetrachloroethane,  and toluene.  Lacquer-coated cardboard (from
paint  spray booths) contained only  toluene (280 mg/L) at a level greater than
100 mg/L.   The exact quantity and/or ratio of these input streams to produce
the residual  ash  streams  were not obtained since all records were sent to
the state. The input  streams were  collected after the residuals had been
produced,  but were still  felt to  be representative of wastes consumed earlier
(to produce the residuals).
     The two  output streams  no. 5,  small  incinerator ash and large
incinerator ash,  each  contained no  organics at a 100 mg/kg nominal detection
limit.  Since the  small incinerator was not as turbulent as the large
incinerator,  organics  at  less than  100 ppm may have been present.
     The TCLP leachates for  the two incinerator ashes indicate that the large
incinerator ash leachate  is  free  of organics, while the small incinerator ash
leachate contains  methylene  chloride (180 vg/L), 2-butanone (25 vg/L), as

                                      57

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                      TABLE  25.    SITE  5  PROCESS  STREAM  SAMPLES
St ream
number
                Stream name
                                     Sample   EPA
                                       ID      ID    Sampling   Analysis
                                     number  number     date    performed3
Comments
5
5
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3.
3
3
3
3
3
Large incinerator ash
Small incinerator ash
Small incinerator ash
Lacquered cardboard waste
Mixed solvent wastes
Mixed solvent wastes
Mixed solvent wastes
Mixed solvent wastes
Mixed solvent wastes
Mixed high Btu liquid wastes
Mixed high Btu liquid wastes
Mixed high Btu liquid wastes
Mixed high Btu liquid wastes
Mixed high Btu liquid wastes
High Btu liquid wastes A
High Btu liquid wastes A
High Btu liquid wastes B
High Btu liquid wastes B
High Btu liquid wastes C
High Btu liquid wastes C
High Btu liquid wastes 0
High Btu liquid wastes D
Mixed low Btu liquid wastes
Mixed low Btu liquid wastes
Mixed low Btu liquid wastes
Mixed low Btu liquid wastes
Mixed low Btu liquid wastes
Low Btu liquid waste Cl
Low Btu liquid waste Cl
Low Btu liquid waste C2
Low Btu liquid waste C2
903059
903060
9 03061
903062
903063
903064
903065
903066
903067
903068
903069
903070
903071
903072
903073
903074
903075
903076
903077
903078
903079
903080
903081
903082
903083
903084
903085
903086
903087
903088
903089



None
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
None
None
None
Hone
None
None
None
None
None
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
9/25/85
1,2,3,4,5 Removed from incinerator
1,2,3,4,5 Removed from incinerator
5 From ash pile
1,2,3 Fed 1n sheet form

3

1.2


3

1.2










3

1,2





"Key:
           Volatile  analyses.
           Semi volatile  and base neutral add analyses.
           Thirteen  priority pollutant metals.
           EP Toxiclty extraction procedure followed by  analysis 3.
           TCLP followed by analyses 1, 2, and 3.
bPr1mar1ly from furniture manufacturing Industry with EPA  numbers 0001, F001,  F002,  F003, and F005.
 Not to exceed 1.5 percent ash and 1 percent chlorine by weight.
                                               58

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                                                TABLE  26.   SITE 5  VOLATILE ORGANICS
in
u>
Stream number
Stream description
Sample number

1
Sol vent
wastes
903066
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L

2
H1gh-Btu
liquid wastes
903071
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
Input
3
Low-Btu
liquid wastes
903084
Concen- .
t ration
In
mg/L
Output
4
Lacquer-coated
cardboard
903062
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg
5
Large 1nc1n.
ash
903059
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
5
Small Incln.
ash
903060
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
TCLP
5
Large Incln.
ash
903059
Concen-
tration
In
ng/L
4
Small Incln.
ash
903061
Concen-
tration
In
wg/L
       Detection  Limit  Factor8


       Priority Pollutants
120
120
120
100
100
100
Bromomethane
Methyl ene chloride
1.2-dlchloroethane
1 ,2-dl chl orobenzene
1,1,1-trlchloroethane
Trlchloroethane
Tet rach 1 oroethane
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Acetone
2-Butanone
4-Methyl -2-Pentanone
790
15,000
NO
NO
ND
NO
1,200
26 ,000
ND
NO


34 .000
100.000
580
1.200
7,100
ND
4,000
830
3,600
570
24 ,000
2,100
ND


17,000
12,000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
870
690
NO
ND


2,500
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
280
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
180
8
ND
3
ND
ND
7
ND
ND


NO
25
ND
       'To obtain  actual detection limits, multiply this  factor times the Individual  detection limit values In Table 4  and retain units from

        this table.   Note:  all less than values should be multiplied by corresponding  detection limits In Table 4.

-------
well as low levels of 1,2-dichloroethane (8 yg/L), toluene, (7 yg/L),  and
1,1,1-trichloroethane (3 yg/L).
Semi volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 27, semi volatile organics were detected in most of the
input streams but not the output streams.  Solvent wastes, stream no.  1,
contained approximately 4 g/L of semivolatiles, while high-Btu liquid  wastes
contained approximately 115 g/L of semivolatile organics.  Low-Btu liquid
wastes contained no semivolatile organics above 100 mg/L, while
lacquer-coated cardboard contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at 9.7  g/kg
but no other semivolatiles above 5 mg/kg.
     The output streams from each incinerator contained no semivolatiles  at  a
detection limit of 100 yg/kg.  The TCLP leachates were similarly free  of
semivolatile organics except for 46 yg/L of benzoic acid in the small
incinerator ash, possibly associated with incomplete oxidation of toluene.
Priority Pollutant Metals
     As shown in Table 28, priority pollutant metal analyses were performed
on four input streams, two output residual  streams, plus EP toxicity and  TCLP
leachates for each of the residuals.  The first input stream, solvent  wastes,
is characterized by a very high chromium level and relatively high lead and
zinc levels.  High-Btu and low-Btu liquid wastes contained chromium, lead,
and zinc.  Lacquer-coated cardboard, which has a high-ash content and  was fed
only into the small incinerator, had relatively high levels of zinc
(570 mg/kg), chromium (110 mg/kg), and silver (30 mg/kg).  Because this site
serviced the furniture manufacturing industry (as well as other industries),
it is assumed that several of the priority pollutant metals were originally
metal oxides from paint pigments.
                                     60

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                                       TABLE  27.   SITE 5  SEMIVOLATILE  ORGANICS

Stream number
Stream description

Sample number




Detection Limit Factor'
Priority Pollutants
2-Chlorophenol
2 .4-01 methyl phenol
Naphthalene
Phenol
B1s(2-ethy1hexy1)phtha1ate
Dimethyl phthalate
Phenanthrene
All other priority
pollutants
NonprloHty Pollutants
Benzole acid
2-Methyl phenol
4-Methyl phenol
2-Methyl naphthalene

1
Sol vent
wastes
903066
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
100

NO
210
790
790
2,000
NO
80
NO


ND
270
410
680

2
Hlgh-Btu
liquid wastes
903071
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
100

450
ND
140
101 ,000
700
12.000
ND
ND


ND
370
370
180
Input
3
Low-Btu
liquid wastes
903084
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
100

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
Output
4
Lacquer-coated
cardboard
903062
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
5

ND
ND
ND
ND
9,700
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
5
Large Incln.
ash
903059
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg
0.1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
5
Small Incln.
ash
903060
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
TCLP
5
Large Incln.
ash
903059
Concen-
tration
1n
ng/L
2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
5
Small Incln.
ash
903061
Concen-
tration
In
ng/L
2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


46
ND
ND
ND
8To obtain  actual detection limits, multiply this factor times the Individual detection  limit values In Table 5 and retain units from this
 table.   Note:  all less than values should be multiplied by corresponding detection limits  In Table 5.

-------
                                 TABLE  28.   SITE 5 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
ro
Toil city

Stream number
Stream description

Sample number




Priority Pollutant
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
lercury
ticket
Selenium
Silver
thallium
line

1
Solvent
wastes
903064
Concen-
tration
In
•g/L


2
6
<1
3
4,300
6
93
<0.05
7
<1
<1
<1
310

2
Hlgh-Btu
liquid wastes
903069
Concen-
tration
In
•g/t


<1
<1
<1
3
3U
6
SI
0.15
<4
<1
<1
<1
170
Input
3
Low-Btu
liquid wastes
903082
Concen-
tration
In
•g/L


<1
<1
<1
<1
11
7
38

-------
     The two incinerator ashes appear to differ quite substantially.   The
small incinerator ash has metal concentrations inline with  those  for  the
lacquer-coated cardboard, except zinc (200 mg/kg) is substantially  lower and
copper (40 mg/kg) is substantially higher.  With the exception  of chromium
(520 mg/L), the large incinerator ash appears more concentrated than  the
solvent waste and high-Btu waste streams.  Concentrations of lead
(1800 mg/kg), zinc (1300 mg/kg), and copper (500 mg/kg)  are especially high.
The leachates do not exceed the EP Toxicity and TCLP limits. The low
concentration of lead in the large incinerator ash (<0.01 mg/L) is  somewhat
surprising given the ash concentration of 1800 mg/kg.  Differences  between
the large incinerator ash EP and TCLP leachates appear slight.  A direct
comparison between the small incinerator ash EP and TCLP leachates  should not
be attempted since the samples were collected from different sampling points
(see Table 25).
2.6  SITE 6
2.6.1  Facility Description
     The incinerator sampled is a commercial facility designed  primarily to
burn liquid wastes, but also with the capability to accept  solid  wastes, hand
fed in small  quantities.  It is almost identical to the incinerators  at
Site 5.  The unit consists of two, horizontally oriented, cylindrical
combustion chambers (primary and secondary) situated one above  the  other.
Combustion gases exit through a stack at one end of the secondary chamber.  A
schematic diagram of the system is shown in Figure 6,
     Liquid wastes are delivered to the plant primarily in  55-gal steel
drums.  Especially high Btu liquids are typically emptied into  a  small batch
tank near the incinerator and emptied prior to incinerator  shutdown.   Another

                                     63

-------
special tank is continuously agitated and used for hard to pump  sludge-like
liquids; other liquids may be added to thin the continuously  agitated  waste
liquid.  The remaining wastes are generally organic or aqueous  and  stored  in
separate storage tanks.
     Waste liquids are fed to the primary combustion chamber  using
air-atomized injectors (a total of five are available).  Flowrates  are
established by adjusting manually operated valves.  The primary  combustion
chamber is approximately 10-ft long and has an outside diameter  of  8  ft.   The
firing end has an opening about 60-in, wide with a variable height  depending
on the position of an adjustable shutter which is used to regulate  the
natural draft of combustion air.  The unit is rated at 9.b x  106 Btu/hr, with
a normal operating temperature of 1800 to 2100°F in the primary  chamber and
1700 to 2100°F in the secondary chamber.  The secondary chamber  is  identical
to the primary except that it is only 7 ft in diameter.  Both chambers are
refractory lined.  Typical retention times are 2 to 3 sec.
     The solids periodically hand fed into the small incinerator typically
include lacquer chips, filters, and rags all from the furniture  manufacturing
industry.  Since the primary combustion chamber has a fixed hearth  with no
online ash removal capability, solids with high ash content typically  reduce
the allowable continuous operating time.
     The exhaust stack (which is also refractory lined) extends  to  a  height
of 20 ft above the secondary combustion chamber.  Combustion  gases  exiting
the stack typically average about 1450°F.  At the beginning of a typical
week's operation, ash which has accumulated on the bottom of  the primary
chamber from the previous week's operation is manually removed and  stored  in
                                     64

-------
tn
©Resin Wastes _
*
©Liquid Wastes^
©Solid Wastes ^


Primary
Combustion
Chamber
*-


Secondary
Combustion
Chamber
^

/
i
Stack
A86-0101
                                       Ash
©
                                   Figure 6.  Site 6 Incinerator schematic,

-------
a concrete holding bay.  The ash is sent to a landfill  for hazardous  waste
for final disposal.
     Since the incinerator lacks typical add-on devices for control  of
participates and HC1 emissions, participates emissions  are normally
controlled by control of waste inerts (ash) and combustion airflow
(turbulance) in the primary combustion chamber, while HC1  emissions  are
normally controlled by limiting facility acceptance of  chlorinated wastes and
burning a variety of wastes to effectively blend wastes in the combustor.
This commercial incinerator facility receives wastes from the furniture
manufacturing industry and others.
2.6.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected  for this site:
     •   Date of site visit:  September 27, 1985
     •   Process observations:
         —  Incinerator ash disposed offsite in a hazardous waste landfill
         --  HC1 emissions controlled by limiting acceptance of chlorinated
             wastes and waste blending
         —  Sampled ash generated during previous 48 hours
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Primary combustion chamber maintained at 2000°F
         —  Secondary combustion chamber maintained at 1750°F
         ~  Nominal exhaust airflow 3000 scfm
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows:
         —  Ash cleanout immediately prior to arrival  at site yielded
             estimated 15,000 Ib
                                     66

-------
         —  Liquids fed during previous 48 hours as follows:
             Resins                                      725 gal
             Continuously agitated waste liquid (CAWL)    715 gal
             Inks, reducers, stains, etc.               1155 gal
             Navy Otto fuel                             2255 gal
             Tank cleanings, Otto fuel, water           3410 gal
         —  52,000 Ib of solids fed during previous 48 hours,  primarily
             lacquer dust, lacquer chips, and rags
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses  performed  is
presented in Table 29.  Several input liquid streams were combined (in
proportion to volumetric feedrates) prior to analysis to form one homogeneous
liquid waste fuel sample.
2.6.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 30, seven common solvents appeared in the  liquid  waste
composite fuel sample — toluene, 2-hexanone, xylenes.  2-butanone, acetone,
ethyl benzene, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone.  The solids fed into the  system  were
predominantly lacquer chips or shavings, although the site operator called  a
similar looking sample "toluene chips."  When analyzed, these chips contained
only toluene at a concentration greater than 100 ppm (the detection limit of
the analysis).
     The incinerator ash samples removed from an ash pile were  composited in
the laboratory and analyzed.  Although the ash samples  appeared dry, the ash
pile had previously been sprayed to prevent smouldering.  At the  time of
sampling, however, the ash samples were near ambient temperature.  Volatile
organics were not detected in the incinerator ash at a  concentration of

                                     67

-------
TABLE 29.  SITE 6 PROCESS STREAM SAMPLES
Sample
Stream ID EPA ID Sampling
number Stream name number number date
4
4
4
1
1
I
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
"Key:


Incinerator ash 903090
Incinerator ash 903091
Incinerator ash cl Inker 903092
Liquid resin waste 903093 b
Liquid resin waste 903094 b
Liquid resin waste 903095 b
Liquid resin waste 903096 b
CAWLC 903097 b
CAUL 903096 b
CAWL 903099 b
CAUL 903100 *>
CAUL 903101 b
Liquid resin waste 903102 b
Tank #1 liquid waste 903103 b
Tank 11 liquid waste 903104 b
Tank #1 liquid waste 903105 b
Tank 11 liquid waste 903106 b
Tank 41 liquid waste 903107 b
Tank *6 liquid waste 903108 b
Tank 16 liquid waste 903109 b
Tank #6 liquid waste 903110 b
Tank #6 liquid waste 903111 b
Tank 11 liquid waste 903112 b
Tank #7 liquid waste 903113 b
Tank #7 liquid waste 903114 b
Tank #7 liquid waste 903115 b
Tank 17 liquid waste 903116 b
Lacquer dust 903117 None
Toluene solids 903118 None
Lacquer chips 903119 None
Lacquer chips 903120 None
Lacquer chips 903121 None
Lacquer chips 903122 None
Lacquer chips 903123 None
Lacquer chips 903124 None
Lacquer chips 903125 None
Liquid resin waste 903126 b
1 • Volatile analyses.
2 » Semi volatile and base neutral add
3 • Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85
9/27/85

analyses.

Analyses
performed3
1,2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5
2
3
1


2
3
1


2

3
1

3
2
1


3
2
1

1,2,3
1,2,3
1.2,3
1.2,3
1,2,3
1,2.3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3




Comments
Combined with 903090 and 92
Combined with 903091 and 92
Combined with 903090 and 91
Combined 903093, 98, 103, 109, 114
Combined 903094, 99, 105. 108, 113
Combined 903095, 100, 106. 110. 115


Combined 903093. 98, 103, 109, 114
Combined 903094, 99. 105. 108. 113
Combined 903095. 100. 106, 110, 115


Combined 903093, 98, 103, 109. 114

Combined 903094. 99, 105. 108. 113
Combined 903095, 100. 106. 110. 115

Combined 903094. 99, 105, 108, 113
Combined 903093, 98, 103, 109, 114
Combined 903095, 100, 106. 110, 115


Combined 903094. 99, 105, 108, 113
Combined 903093. 98, 103, 109, 114
Combined 903095. 100. 106, 110, 115

Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25
Combined 903117 through 25




4 - EP Toxicity extraction procedure followed by analysis 3.

t>D001
CCAWL
5 « TCLP followed by analyses 1, 2, and
, F003, F005.
- continuously agitated waste liquids
3.








                   68

-------
                           TABLE  30.   SITE  6 VOLATILE  ORGANICS
                                        Input
                       Total
                       input
                        Output
                                 TCLP
 Stream  number
Stream description Liquid waste fuel
Stream flowrate in kg/s 0.18
Sample number 903095, 100, 106,
110. 115
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L

Rate
in
mg/s
Lacquer chips
0.14
903117 through
903125
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg

Rate
in
mg/s

Rate
in
mg/s
Incinerator ash Incinerator ash
0.039
903090, 91, 92 903090, 91, 92
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg

Rate
in
mg/s
Concen-
tration
in
ug/L
 Detection  Limit  Factora      100

 Priority  Pollutants

 Methylene  chloride            ND
 Benzene                        NO
^Tetrachloroethene             ND
"Toluene                     32000
 Ethyl benzene                2600
 All  other  priority            ND
     pollutants

 Nonpriority Pollutants
5800
 470
          100
 ND
 ND
 ND
350
 ND
 ND
48
 <32
 <32
 <32
5800
 480
 <32
                       100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
550
 10
  3
790
 38
 ND
Acetone
2-Butanone
2-Hexanone
4-Methyl -2-pentanone
Total xylenes
5200
7100
14000
1600
9800
940
1300
2500
290
1800
ND
ND
ND <
ND
ND
c!4 940
C14 1300
c!4 2500
£14 290
cl4 1800
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
950
91
ND
ND
75
 "To obtain  actual  detection limits, multiply this  factor times the individual detection limit
  values  in  Table  5 and retain units frow this table.   Note:  all less than values should be
  multiplied by corresponding detection limits in  Table 4.
                                                69

-------
greater than 100 ppm.  The TCLP leachate analyses,  however, yielded  eight
volatile orgam'cs — acetone, toluene, methylene chloride,  2-butanone,
xylenes, ethylbenzene, benzene, and tetrachloroethene.   This  type of
incinerator has been previously tested for thermal  destruction  performance.
High DREs were measured suggesting low level  PICs and POHCs in  the ash
residue.
Semi volatile Orgam'cs
     Table 31 summarizes the results for semivolatile organics.  The total
concentration of semivolatile organics was slightly higher  in the lacquer
chips, stream no. 3, than in the composited liquid  waste fuels,  stream  1
plus 2.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was present in  the composite lacquer chip
sample at a concentration of 74,000 mg/kg with a few other  semivolatiles
present at less than 10 mg/kg.
     The incinerator ash, with a nominal detection  limit of 100 ppb  by
weight, contained 16 semivolatile organic compounds.  Four  of these  compounds
were detected in concentrations less than 1 mg/kg,  an additional eight  were
less than 10 mg/kg, and four were at concentrations of 10 mg/kg or greater.
Priority Pollutant Metals
     As shown in Table 32, two composite input, one composite ash residual,
and the ash residual's EP toxicity and TCLP leachates were  analyzed  for the
presence of 13 priority pollutant metals.
     The liquid waste fuel contained a high level of zinc,  chromium, and
copper (40 to 320 ppm).  Lead, cadmium, and thallium were detected at  low
levels (4 to 13 ppm).  Analysis of the lacquer chips yielded  results similar
                                     70

-------
                        TABLE  31.   SITE 6  SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate 1n kg/s
Sample number





Detection Limit Factor"
Priority Pollutants
Acenaphthene
1 ,2 ,4-Tr1 chl orobenzene
Fluoranthene
Iscphorone
Naphthalene
2-N1trophenol
4-N1trophenol
Phenol
B1s(2-e'thylhexyl ) phthalate
Benzyl butyl phthalate
01 -n -butyl phthalate
D1-n-octyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonpriority pollutants
Benzole acid
2 -Methyl naphthalene
1 •*• 2

Liquid waste fuels
0.18
903093, 98.
09, 114
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L
20

ND
ND
ND
200
380
ND
NO
50.000
3700
120
2000
ND
. 66
ND
ND
NO
ND


ND
170

103,


Rate
1n
mg/s


<4
<4
<4
36
69
<4
<4
9.000
670
22
360
<4
12
<4
<4
<4
<4


<4
31
3
Lacquer chips
0.14
903117 through
903125
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/kg mg/s
5

ND <1
ND <1
ND <1
ND <1
15 2
ND <1
ND <1
NO <1
74,000 10.000
6 1
7 1
ND <1
ND <1
ND <1
ND <1
ND <1
ND <1


ND <1
ND <1
Total
input

Output
4

Incinerator ash




Rate
in
mg/s


<4
<4
<4
36
71
<4
<4
9,000
11,000
22
360
<4
12
<4
<4
<4
<4


<4
31
0.039
903090.

Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg
0.1

0.26
10
0.23
1.1
6.8
ND
ND
1.7
500
5
39
2.5
31
0.15
1.3
0.34
ND


2.4
6.2

91, 92


Rate
1n
mg/s


0.01
0.39
0.01
0.04
0.27
<0.003
<0.003
0.07
20
0.2
1.5
0.1
1.2
0.01
0.05
0.01
<0.003


0.09
0.24
TCLP
4
Incinerator ash

903090, 91, 92

Concen-
tration
in
vg/L
2

ND
10
ND
20
8
60
90
30
ND
ND
14
ND
580
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
4
aTo obtain actual detection  limits, multiply this  factor times the individual detection limit  values in
 Table  5 and retain units  from this table.  Note:   all  less than values should be multiplied hy
 corresponding detection limits 1n Table 5.
                                                71

-------
TABLE 32.  SITE 6 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
Toxicity
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate
in kg/s
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
Metals
Antimony
Arseni c
Beryl 1 1 urn
Cadrii urn
Chromium •
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Z1nc
1 + 2
Liquid waste
fuels
0.18
903094, 99, 105,
108, 113
Concen-
tration
in
tng/L


0.25
0.23
<0.01
5.4
85
43
4.2
0.003
2.1
0.5
0.06
13
320

Rate
in
mg/s


0.045
0.041
<0.001
1
15
7.8
0.76
0.0005
0.38
0.09
0.01
2.3
58
Total
input
3
Lacquer Chips
0.14
903117 through
903125
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg


<1
<1
<2
<1
15
<4
<1
0.3
6
<1
35
17
1000

Rate
in
mg/s


<0.13
<0.13
<0.27
<0.13
2
<0.54
<0.13
0.04
0.81
<0.13
48
2.3
140

Rate
in
mg/s


<0.2
<0.2
<0.3
1
17
7.8
0.8
0.04
1.2
<2.2
4.8
4.7
190
Output
EP
4 4
Incinerator ash Incinerator ash
0.039
903090, 91, 92 903090, 91, 92
Concen-
tration
in
mg/kg


<1
8
<2
<1
110
120
1300
<0.1
22
12
21
<1
810

Rate
in
mg/s


<0.04
0.32
<0.08
<0.04
4.3
4.7
51
<0.004
0.87
0.47
0.83
<0.04
32
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L


0.07
<0.01
<0.01
0.04
0.03
1.9
3.3
<0.001
0.33
0.03
<0.04
0.05
16
TCLP
4
Incinerator ash
903090, 91, 92
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L


0.06
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
0.64
12
<0.001
0.49
0.02
<0.01

-------
to the results for lacquer-coated cardboard at site 5,  except lead was  not
detected.  Zinc was present at 1000 mg/kg, silver at 35 mg/kg, thallium at
17 mg/kg, and chromium at 15 mg/L.
     Incinerator ash, as expected, generally showed more concentrated metal
values for lead, zinc, copper, and chromium.
     In reviewing the EP toxicity and TCLP leachate analyses, the results
from each test generally agreed within a factor of 3.  Lead,  while being
slightly below the toxicity limit for EP toxicity leachate,  exceeded the
limit in the TCLP leachate.  Zinc was also present at a relatively high
concentration, 16 mg/L in the EP toxicity leachate and  9.5 mg/L in the  TCLP
leachate.
2.7  SITE 7
2.7.1  Facility Description
     This incinerator design features a two-stage combustion  chamber, a
quench section, a venturi scrubber, and water separator (see  Figure 7).
     High-Btu liquid organic wastes and low-Btu wastes  (which on occasion  are
highly aqueous) are stored in separate 9000-gal storage tanks.  These wastes
are continuously fed into the primary combustion chamber through separate
lines.  Solid waste is inserted into the chamber using  a ram  at an
approximate rate of one 45-1b batch every 5 min.  Combustion  air and fuel  oil
(as necessary) are also admitted into the chamber to control  the combustion
temperature.  Ash is removed from the chamber periodically by a long stroke
of the feed ram to push ash from the floor of the chamber onto a water
submerged ash conveyor which empties the ash into an ash bin.  Ash is
recycled back through the incinerator if combustible material is detected  in
the ash by the incinerator operator.

                                     73

-------
High
Btu

SlOfog*
                 low
                 Btu
                 Woil.
                 Slwog*
 i	  HOfog*       liwog*  	1


 J  j	n  ^	j I
Ion),
             1!
             ]i
             51
             I!
                        lank



\
Quench j
                                                                                           Slock
                                                            Hater
                                                            (to POTH)
                    Figure 7.   Site  7  incinerator  schematic.

-------
     The combustion gases exit the primary combustion chamber  and  enter  a
secondary chamber where additional fuel oil (as necessary)  and combustion  air
are admitted to maintain desired operating conditions.   After  leaving the
second chamber, the gases are quenched and passed through  a venturi  scrubber
for particulate and HC1 removal.  The gases then travel  up  through  a water
separator and exit the process through the stack.  The stack has an  expanded
bottom section and includes pad demisters.
     Water for the quench and venturi scrubber is recirculated from  a holding
tank.  Makeup to the holding tank is provided by well water.   Effluent waters
from the quench, water separator, and stack are channeled  into the  holding
tank.  The holding tank is periodically blown down to prevent  an excessive
build-up of solids, salts, and metals in the tank and/or water.  The blowdown
is treated in an onsite water treatment facility.  A filter cake sludge  from
that facility is stabilized with lime and transported to a  hazardous waste
landfill for disposal while the water is discharged to the  city's  industrial
sewer for eventual treatment at a POTW.  The cleansed blowdown water is  not
recirculated.
2.7.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was collected for  this site:
     •   Dates of site visit:  October 22 and 23, 1985
     •   Process observations:
         --  Quenched incinerator ash taken to a hazardous  waste landfill  for
             final disposal
         —  Relatively dewatered solids from the pre-POTW filter  press  are
             stabilized with lime prior to disposal in a hazardous  waste
             landfill
                                     75

-------
—  The treated water from the pre-POTW is released to the
    industrial sewer since continued reuse would result in a
    build-up of heavy metals
Process conditions:
—  Primary combustion chamber maintained at 1820 to 1915°F
—  Secondary combustion chamber maintained at 1840 to 1900°F
—  Lower combustion chamber pressure maintained at near minus
    1 in. of water
—  Scrubber holding tank maintained at near pH 7 with ammonia
—  Stack gas concentration of oxygen during liquid waste
    incineration varied from about 12 percent to slightly more  than
    13 percent
—  Venturi scrubber pressure drop approximately 23 in. of water
—  Stack gas flow of 8500 to 9000 acfm at 150°F
—  Quench water flow 111 gal/min
—  Venturi water flow 70 gal/min
Estimated influent and effluent flows during day of test:
~  High-Btu liquid waste                  517 Ib/hr
--  Low-Btu liquid waste                   333 Ib/hr
~  Solids
    •   Latex coagulum (plus corncobs)     150 Ib/hr
    •   Coating waste (plus corncobs)      128 Ib/hr
    •   Magnesium scrap shavings in oil    6 Ib/hr
    •   Lab packs                          9 Ib/hr
    •   Hospital wastes                    162 Ib/hr
—  Fuel oil                               17.7 gal/hr

                            76

-------
         —  Scrubber holding tank blowdown         7 gal/min
         —  Pre-POTW discharge to sewer            15 Ib/min
         —  Dewatered solids from pre-POTW         1.5 yd3/day
         --  Incinerator ash                        3 yd3/day
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses  performed
is presented in Table 33.
     For safety reasons, the magnesium scrap shavings from a  machine shop and
the hospital waste, which included infectious wastes, were not sampled.   Lab
packs, which typically include spent or unwanted laboratory chemicals in
glassware, placed in small cardboard drums or boxes, overpacked with an
adsorbent such as vermiculite, and sealed, were also not sampled  due to the
difficulty of obtaining a representative sample.  Corncob powder  was
regularly added to some material at this site.  Since the "solid" feed system
pushes material onto a fixed hearth, corncob powder is added  to some
difficult-to-pump material to absorb free liquid.
2.7.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 34, approximately 12 g/kg (1.2 percent) of the sampled
solids contained volatiles, primarily xylenes, 2-butanone, toluene,  and
ethylbenzene.  Surprisingly, the high-Btu liquids contained less  volatiles
but still had relatively high concentrations of toluene, acetone, styrene,
and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.  Low-Btu liquids had only three detected  organics,
all at relatively high concentrations.
     Bottom ash had no detectable volatiles exceeding 100 ppm. Volatiles at
the 35 ppm level or less for this incinerator have been reported  in  an
earlier report.  APCE effluent, basically blowdown from the quench plus

                                     77

-------
                TABLE  33,   SITE 7  PROCESS STREAM SAMPLES
Stream
number Stream name
6
6
6
2
2
2
1
1
5
5
3
1
5
1
1
2
5
6
1
2
3
5
6'
1
2
5
6
2'
7
7
6
5
4
4
3
3
3
'Key:
Pre-POTW discharge water
Pre-POTW discharge water
Pre-POTW discharge water
Low-Btu liquid waste
Low-Btu liquid waste
Low-Btu liquid waste
High-Btu liquid waste
High-Btu liquid waste
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Latex coagulum plus sorbent
Hlgh-Btu liquid waste
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Hlgh-Btu liquid waste
Hlgh-Btu liquid waste
Low-Btu liquid waste
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Pre-POTW discharge water
Hlgh-Btu liquid waste
Low-Btu liquid waste
Coating waste plus sorbent
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Pre-POTW discharge water
High-Btu liquid waste
Low-Btu liquid waste
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Pre-POTW discharge water
Low-Btu liquid waste
Pre-POTW discharge filter cake
Pre-POTW discharge filter cake
Pre-POTW discharge water
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Quenched incinerator ash
Quenched Incinerator ash
Magnesium scrap
Lab packs
Hospital waste
1 » \blat1le analyses.
Sample
ID
number
902666
902667
902668
902669
902670
902671
902672
902673
902674
902675
902676
902677
902678
902679
902680
902681
902682
902683
902684
902685
902686
902687
902689
902690
902691
902692
902693
902694
902695
902696
902697
902698
902699
902700
"

EPA ID
number


b
b
b
b
b

D001
b.
b
b
b
b
b
D001
b
b

b



D001
0001
— —
ml WCAC
Sampling
date
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
10/23/85
*•

Analyses
performed3


2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1.2.3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1,2,3
1
1
1
1

3

3
1,2,3,4,5
::


Comments


Combined 902670, 71,
Combined 902670, 71,
Combined with 902679
Combined 902673, 80,
Combined 902675, 78,



81.
81,
84.
82.



85.
85.
90
87,
Sorbent is corncob dust
Container failure in transit
Combined 902675, 78. 82, 87,
Combined with 902672
Combined 902673, 80,
Combined 902670, 71,
Combined 902675, 78,
84.
81,
82,
Combined 902673, 80, 84,
Combined 902670, 71, 81.
Sorbent is corncob dust
Combined 902675, 78, 82,
Combined 902673, 80,
combined 902670, 71,
Combined 902675. 78.

From 902669

From 902666
From 902674

Not sampled
Not sampled
Not sampled

84,
81,
82,








90
85.
87,
90
85,
87.
90
85,
87.











91
91

92
92
91
92
91
92
91
92








3 » Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
4 • EP Toxiclty extraction procedure followed by analysis 3.
5 * TCLP followed  by analyses  1, Z, and  3.
F001, F002, F003,  F005.
                                         78

-------
                                                 TABLE 34.   SITE  7 VOLATILE  ORGANICS
10


Stream number
Stream description

Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number







3
Solids

0.035
902676

Concen-
tration
In
nig/ kg



feed


« 86


Rate
1n
mg/s

Input
1
High Btu
liquids
0.065
902673. 80.
84. 90
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/L mg/s
.

2
Low Rtu liquids

0.042
902670, 71, 81,
85. 91
Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/L mg/s
Total
Input Output
4
Bottom ash

0.043
902699

Concen-
Rate tratlon Rate
In 1n In
mg/s mg/kg mg/s


5



APCE effluent

0.0073
902675,
87, 92
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


78, 82,


Rate
1n
mg/s
Total
output TCLP
4
Bottom ash


902699

Concen-
Rate tratlon
In In
mg/s wg/L
      Detection Limit Factor'

      Priority Pollutants
100
100
100
100
0.5
Methyl ene chloride
Chloroform
1,1,1-Trlchloroethane
Trlchloroethene
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Acetone
2-Butanone
2-Hexanone
4-Methyl -2-pentanone
Styrene
Total xylenes
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
20 .000
14.000
NO


NO
35.000
1,100
12.000
NO
43.000
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
700
490
<4


<4
1.200
39
420
<4
1,500
NO
150
1.900
990
NO
6.300
180
NO


3,100
ND
ND
820
2.200
730
<7
10
120
64
<7
410
12
<7


200
<7
<7
53
140
48
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.400
16.000
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
51 ,000
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
100
670
<4


<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
2,100
<14
<17
120
64
<14
1.200
1,200
<14


200
1.200
<50
470
140
3,700
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO


ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4


<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
ND
ND
ND
8.4
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
0.062
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004


<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4


<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
150
17
77
17
3
61
10
NO


110
140
ND
62
ND
28
       •To  obtain actual detection limits, multiply this factor times  the  Individual detection limit  values In Table 4 and retain units
        from  this table.  Note:  all less than  values should be multiplied by corresponding detection limits In Table 4.

-------
scrubber recirculation tank, had only one detectable volatile,
trichloroethene at 8400 pg/L.  Methylene chloride, benzene,  and toluene in a
combined concentration of near 10 ppb by weight have been reported for this
stream under a separate test program.  The TCLP leachate had 11 detected
volatiles.  Such leachate values would support volatile concentrations in ash
residuals at ppm levels.  Incinerator residuals, which did not appear to be
completely burned, were routinely recycled back, through the incinerator.
Semi volatile Organics
     Several organics were detected in the input and output  streams below
300 ppm (see Table 35).  Naphthalene at 100 ppm by weight was the only
detected semivolatile organic in the composited solids feed  sample.  The
high-Btu liquids contained a high concentration of naphthalene plus other
common semivolatile organics.  Low-Btu liquids contained some similar
semivolatile organics.
     Bottom ash contained several semivolatiles but all in concentrations at
or below 150 ppm by weight.  Detected above the 1 ppm level  include
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (150,000 yg/kg), isophorone (11,000 yg/kg),
benzyl butyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate (7000 yg/kg  each).  The
semivolatile organics concentration for this stream was reported at
570,000 yg/kg during our previous test program.
     APCE effluent blowdown  included only two low concentration compounds,
phenol (100 yg/L) and di-n-butyl phthalate (22 yg/L).
     The TCLP bottom ash leachate analysis results indicate  only isophorone,
aniline, and phenol in concentrations ranging from 6 to 60 yg/L.
                                     80

-------
                                                  TABLE 35.   SITE 7 SEMIVOLATILE  ORGANICS
oo
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Llnlt Factor*
Priority Pollutants
1 .2 ,4-Trl ehlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
p-Chloro-m'-cresol
1 ,2-01 chl orobenzene
1 ,4-DI chl orobenzene
3 ,3-01 chl orobenz (dine
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
N-N1 t rosodl pheny 1 ami ne
Phenol
B1s(2-ethylhexy1 )phtha1ate
Benzyl butyl phthalate
Ot-n-butyl phthalate
01 ethyl phthalate
Phenanthrene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty pollutants
2-Hethy1naphth«lene
AM line
Benzyl alcohol
4-Chloroanlllne
3
Solids feed
0.03S
902676 A 86
Concen-
tration
In
"9/k9
100

NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
100
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO


NO
NO
NO
NO

Rate
In
"9/S


<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<«
<4
4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4
<4


<4
<4
<4
<4
1
High Btu
liquids
0.065
902672 *
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L
20

NO
NO
NO
30
NO
NO
48
290
38
NO
NO
NO
NO
ND
100
28
NO


60
NO
38
ND
79

Rate
In
mg/t


<1
<1
<1
2
<1
<1
3
19
<2
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
7
2
<1


4
<1
2
<1
2
Low Btu
liquids
0.042
902669
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.6

0.78
19
0.84
ND
0.9
1.6
3.4
12
ND
ND
ND
3.5
3.1
2.6
NO
KD
ND


5.7
ND
NO
2.1
' Total
Input
Output
4
Bottom ash
0.043
902699

Rate
In
WJ/S


0.03
0.8
0.04
<0.03
0.04
0.07
0.14
0.5
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
0.15
0.13
0.11
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03


0.24
<0.03
<0.03
0.09

Rate
In
«g/»



-------
Priority Pollutant Metals
     As shown in Table 36, concentrations of metals greater  than  100  ppm  were
observed in only two sampled input streams, the solid feed  (stream  No.  3)  and
the low-Btu liquids (stream No. 1).  High lead and chromium  concentrations  of
650 and 130 ppm were measured in the solid feed.  Only zinc  with  a
concentration of 610 ppm was detected in the low-Btu liquids.   For  the
streams not sampled, the priority pollutant metals concentration  was  also
likely be to low.  For example, lab packs would generate "ash"  from
vermiculite (hydrated magnesium-aluminum-iron silicate), cardboard,
glassware, and contents.  The magnesium scrap shavings in oil would,  of
course, generate magnesium oxide which is not a priority pollutant  metal.   As
with lab packs, hospital wastes would likely generate most  "ash"  from
cardboard, glassware, and perhaps vermiculite, if used.
     Output streams were either high in metals (such as  bottom  ash) or  low
(such as APCE effluent).  Bottom ash was especially high in  copper, zinc,
nickel, lead, and chromium.  The APCE effluent's highest level  metal  was  zinc
followed by lead.  The leachates for bottom ash appear to be under  both the
EP and TCLP limits for metals.  Zinc appears high (>50 mg/L), but the two
leachates generally agree within a factor of three.
2.8  SITE 8
2.8.1  Facility Description
     The incinerator consists of a large, nearly rectangular
combustion chamber and a rotary kiln as shown schematically  in  Figure 8.
     There are four major waste feed streams Into the incinerator.   Liquid
organic waste is fed continuously at the end opposite the rotary  kiln,  below
                                     82

-------
                                TABLE  36.   SITE 7 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
cx>
to
Toxlclty
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flMrite In
kg/*
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
Hetals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl Hun
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
3
Solids feed
0.035
902676 I 86
Concen-
tration
In
•g/kg


<1
2
<1
<1
130
2
6SO
<0.05
7
<4
3
11
4

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.03S
0.07
<0.03S
<0.035
4.6
0.07
23
<0.001
0.24
<0.14
0.10
0.38
0.14
1
High Btu
liquids
0.06S
902672 1
Concen-
tration
In
•g/L


<0.03
0.6
<0.01
0.7
2.2
2.1
9.1
0.025
2.5
<1
0.54
0.25
16
79

Rate
In
mg/s


0.002
0.039
0.001
0.046
0.14
0.14
0.59
0.002
0.16
0.065
0.035
0.016
1
2
Low Btu
0.042
902694
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


<0.03
22
<0.01
0.18
8.7
10
16
0.01
0.83
<1
0.06
0.2
610
liquids
•
Rate
1n
•9/s


<0.0012
0.92
<0.0004
0.0075
0.36
0.42
0.67
0.0004
0.035
<0.042
0.0025
0.0083
26
Total
Input
Output
4
Bottom ash
0.043
902699

Rate
In
»g/s


<0.03
1
<0.03
<0.08
5.1
0.62
24
0.002
0.44
<0.24
0.14
0.4
27
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg


49
12
<1
<1
120
2000
160
0.25
650
19
9
4
850

Rate
In
mg/s


2.1
0.51
<0.04
<0.04
5.1
85
6.8
<0.01
28
0.81
0.38
0.17
36
Total
output
5
APCE effluent
0.0073
902698
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


1.7
0.06
<0.01
0.08
0.28
0.64
2.6
<0.005
0.75
0.6
0.05
0.16
6.7

Rate
In
mg/S


0.012
0.00044
<0. 00007
0.00058
0.002
0.0047
0.019
<0. 00003
0.0055
0.0044
0.00036
0.0012
0.049

Rate
In
mg/s


2.1
0.51
<0.04
<0.04
5.1
85
6.8
<0.01
28
0.81
0.38
0.17
36
EP
4
Bottom
ash
902699
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L


<0.01
<0.06
<0.01
<0.01
<0.03
13
0.11
<0.001
13
<0.05
<0.01
<0.01
65
TCLP
4
Bottom
ash
902699
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
11
0.5
<0.001
4
0.02
<0.01
<0.02
98

-------
                                                                                                             Stack Goi
CD
                                                              -v   ...    .	Wot«r lo
                                                             6)   Sludge--    EQi,pond
"n.mt tint (4) (7)
Won
PunJ
Water
Wiitia 1 1 1 WIUM Wutur
111 i — IT i i
1
Dr.«ro |to|.«y ^"J" ., Wi.lui n ^ F,rll

1

\i/ Drum*


S«c<
Abu
1
Sump

... VVo

r~

>nd ...*. We
>rb«r ES
^ T
I
"(
®
cr lo
Slock
I
„!
t
Ps
llH
Miiilt To Wail

-------
 the  gas  exhaust  duct  that  is  near  the  top  of that end of the chamber.
 Aqueous  waste is fed  when  available into the combustion chamber just above
 the  liquid organic waste flame.  The other two waste feeds are wastes
 normally contained in steel drums.  Depending on the waste characteristics,
 some drums are sliced into sections and the drums and contents are conveyed
 into the rotary  kiln.  Other  drums are placed in groups of four on metal
 "sleds"  and are  conveyed upright through the combustion chamber, remaining in
 the  chamber for  about 4 hours.   Normally,  these latter drums are sliced and
 recycled back through the  kiln  after passing through the combustion chamber
 to further incinerate residue collected in the bottom of the drum.
 Approximately 150 drums per day  are incinerated; however, with drum
""recycling," the number of drums fed to the chamber and kiln per hour
 normally averages four and seven,  respectively.  Auxiliary fuel is not used
 under normal operating conditions  at this  plant.
      Gases exiting the combustion  chamber  pass through a water quench section
 and  two  packed scrubbers in series with caustic addition to adjust pH.  The
 gases then pass  through two two-stage  wet  ESPs and induced draft fans in
 parallel  that discharge into  a  demister and then are released through a tall
 stack.   All  liquid effluents  are regularly recycled to the two ponds, with
 makeup provided  by nearby  lake water.  Thus, the only nongaseous effluent
 regularly removed from the incinerator system is the ash discharged from the
 rotary kiln.  As currently configured, however, bottom ash is periodically
 removed  from the combustion chamber during shutdowns for preventive
 maintenance.  The ash, less large  ferrous  pieces, is taken for final disposal
 to a hazardous waste  landfill.
                                     85

-------
      Also, the ponds experience a build-up of  salts  and sludge.
 Approximately once a year,  high salt  content water from the east pond is
 pumped  into a holding pond.  That water  is incrementally shipped to a
 facility  offsite for treatment and disposal.   The settled solids in sludge
 form are  removed from the ponds periodically and placed in another holding
 pond.  Although operations  to date have  not required disposal of that sludge,
 the sludge will soon be hauled to a hazardous  waste  landfill.
      This hazardous waste incinerator handles  bulk liquids as well as
 liquids,  sludges, and solids in a variety  of commonly used containers,
 including steel drums and aerosol cans.  Some  items, such as some packaged
 consumer  products, may not  meet the RCRA definition  of hazardous, but are
*                                                     i
 incinerated as a cost-effective disposal option.  The incinerator capacity
 exceeds 50 million Btu/hr.
 2.8.2  Operating and Sampling Information
      The  following operating information was collected for this site:
      •    Dates of site visit:  October 24  and  25, 1985
      •    Process observations:
          —  Large ferrous  pieces of  metal  removed from ash prior to
              disposal
          —  Kiln ash and bottom ash  both  transported to a hazardous waste
              landfill for final disposal
          —  Process water  in holding pond removed to an offsite hazardous
              material treatment facility for disposal
          —  Sludge in sludge holding pond not yet emptied but will also be
              taken to a hazardous waste  landfill for final disposal
                                      86

-------
—  Bottom ash emptied with front-end loader during preventive
    maintenance shutdowns
Process conditions:
--  The pH of the east pond is maintained at 7.5, while the west
    pond is maintained at 7
—  Nominal 4- to 8-sec gas residence time in main combustion
    chamber
—  Main combustion chamber exit temperature maintained at 2075°F
    during sampling
—  Historical stack gas data yielded average flue gas oxygen
    concentration of 10.5 percent on a dry gas basis
Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
--  Quench flow 2500 gal/min
—  Flow to scrubber no. 1 2500 gal/min
--  Flow to scrubber no. 2 plus wet ESPs 750 gal/min with
    650 gal/min flowing to scrubber no. 2, and 90 to 100 gal/min
    flowing to the wet ESPs
—  Liquid fuel feedrate varied from 40 to 117 Ib/min during  test
    with an average rate of 90 Ib/min
~  Bottom ash generated at a rate of 8 yd3/week
—  Quenched kiln ash generated at a rate of 6 yd3/day and weighed
    1.3 tons/yd3
—  Direct feedwater flow 270 gal/min, but configuration did  not
    allow sampling
—  Excluding reruns, four 55-gal drums/hr were fed directly  into
    the incinerator and six 55-gal drums/hr into  the rotary kiln

                            87

-------
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses performed
is presented in Table 37.
2.8.3  Analytical Results
     The streams not sampled at the site's request included (a)  feedwater
containing 20 percent paint pigments (toxic metals), 10 percent  NaOH,  and
1 to 3 percent acetone, toluene, and xylene, and (b) drummed solids and
liquids which were obtained from many sources and are more difficult to
generalize, but typically included solvents and toxic metals.
Volatile Orgam'cs
     Analytical results appear in Table 38.  The liquid waste fuel  contains
many typical solvents, so it appears reasonable that 13 organics were
detected.  The highly recycled scrubber water from two ponds showed six of
seven detected organics as higher in the inlet than outlet.  All detected
volatiles were 5 ppm or lower.
     The kiln ash and incinerator bottom ash were both found to  contain
volatile organics, although the level of organics in the kiln ash is not
particularly expected.  Nine volatiles were detected in the kiln ash with
toluene at 120 ppm by weight being followed in concentration by
4-methyl-2-pentanone (29 ppm), xylenes (15 ppm), and several other common
solvents.
     Bottom ash, which was obtained at the first shutdown after  the test, was
determined to contain only toluene at 2.1 ppm.  The nominal detection limit
for the ash sample was 500 ug/kg.
     TCLP leachates for the kiln ash and bottom ash each had detectable
levels of volatiles.  Kiln ash volatiles, including toluene (170 yg/L),
                                     88

-------
                         TABLE  37.   SITE  8 PROCESS  STREAM  SAMPLES
Stream
number Stream name
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

1
1
6
2
2
10
11
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Liquid waste fuel
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 supply
Clench plus scrubber no. 1 supply
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 supply
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 supply
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 supply
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 sump
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 sump
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 sump
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 sump
Quench plus scrubber no. 1 sump
Scrubber no. 2 and ESP supply
Scrubber no. 2 and ESP supply
Scrubber no. 2 and ESP supply
Scrubber no. 2 and ESP supply
Scrubber no. 2 and ESP supply
Scrubber no. 2 return
Scrubber no. 2 return
Scrubber no. 2 return

Scrubber no. 2 return

Scrubber no. 2 return

ESP return

ESP return

ESP return

ESP return

ESP return

Quenched kiln ash
Quenched Mln ash
East pond sludge
Incinerator bottom ash, east end
Incinerator bottom ash. west end
Direct feedwater
Drummed solids and liquids
Sample
ID EPA ID Sampling
number number date
902702
902703
902704
902705
902706
902707
902708
902709
902710
902711
902712
902713
902714
S02715
902716
902717
902718
902719
902720
902721
902722
902723
902724

902725

902726

902727

902728

902729

902730

902731

902732
902733
902734
902766
902767
«
•••
b 10/25/85
b 10/25/85
b 10/25/85
b 10/25/85
b 10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85

10/25/85

10/25/85

10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
' 10/25/85
10/25/85

10/25/85

10/25/85

10/25/85
10/25/85
10/25/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
c —
d
Analyses
performed3
1:1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2.3
2,3
1
1
1
2
3
1

1

1

2
3
2
3
1

1

1

1.2,3,4,5
1.2,3.4,5

1.2.3,4,5
1.2,3.4.5
..
••
Comments
Combined with 902703
Combined with 902702
Combined 902704, 05,
Combined 902704, 05,
Combined 902704, 05,

Combined
Combined
Combined


Combined
Combined
Combl ned
Combined
Combined
Combined
Combl ned
Combined
Combined
Combined
Combl ned
29, 30
Combined
29, 30
Combl ned
29, 30
Combl ned
Combined
Combined
Combined
Combined
29. 30
Combined
29. 30
Combl ned
29. 30
Combl ned
Combl ned

Combined
Combined
c
d

902709, 10,
902709, 10,
902709. 10,


902714, 15,
902714, 15,
902714, 15,
with 902718
with 902717
902719, 20,
902719, 20,
902719. 20,
902722, 27,
902723, 27,
902724, 25,
. 31
902724, 25,
. 31
902724, 25,
. 31
902722. 27.
902723, 27,
902722, 27,
902723, 27,
902724, 25.
. 31
902724. 25,
, 31
902724. 25,
. 31
with 902733
with 902732

with 902767
with 092766


06
06
06

11
11
11


16
16
16


21
21
21
28
28
26,

26.

26.

28
28
28
28
26,

26.

26.








•Key:  1 - Volatile analyses.
       2 • Semi volatile and base  neutral add analyses.
       3 • Thirteen priority pollutant  metals.
       4 • EP Toxlcity extraction procedure followed by analysis 3,
       5 • TCLP followed by analyses  1,  2, and 3.
"Blended liquid  waste  fuel. EPA  numbers Include D001, D003. 0007, D008, F001, F002, F003,  and F005.
cNot sampled.  EPA numbers  0001,  0002,  0006, D007. 0008,  Twenty percent paint pigments, 10 percent ttaOH,
 1 to 3 percent  acetone, toluene, and xyl«rw.
dNot sampled.  Majority of  drums  at least 0001.  Other EPA maters Include D003. 0006, 0007, 0008, 0009,
 F002,  F003,  F005,  and U002.   Some drums nonhazardous.
                                                 89

-------
                                                TABLE  38.   SITE 8  VOLATILE  ORGANICS
Input
Ouench + scrubber 11
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor*
Priority Pollutants
Chlorontethane
Methyl ene chloride
trans- 1,2-Dlchloroethene
l.l.l-THchloroethane
Benzene
Trlchloroethene
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
All other priority
pollutants
NonprtorUy Pollutants
Acetone
2-Butanone
2-Hexanone
4-Hethy1-2-pentandne
Styrene
Carbon dtsulflde
Total xylenes
3
Liquid waste
fuel
0.68
902704 to 06
Concen-
tration
In
Mg/L
100

ND
6,600
ND
10.000
ND
4,700
17,000
43,000
1,100
43.000
ND


66.000
110,000
9.100
32.000
12.000
ND
73.000

Rate
In
mg/s


<68
4.500
<6B
6,600
<68
3,200
12.000
29.000
750
29,000
<6B


59.000
75,000
6.200
22,000
6.200
<68
50.000
4
Supply
310
902709
Concen-
tration
In
•g/L
0.5

1.8
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
5.2
4.2
ND
HD
ND


HO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
to 11

Rate
In
"g/s


570
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
1600
1300
<160
<160
<160


<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
5
Sump
310
902714 to 16
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.5

2.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


790
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160


<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
O60
Net

Rate
In
mg/s


220
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160


<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
<160
Output
Scrubber 12 + wet
7
Supply
47
902719 to 21
Concen-
tration
In
mg/l
0.5

0.55
ND
0.6
ND
ND
3.6
1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


26
<24
28
<24
<24
170
52
<24
<24
<24
<24


<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
ESPs
8
Return
47
902724 to 26.
29 to 31
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.5

ND
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
HD

Rate
In
mg/s


<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24


<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24

Net

Rate
In
mg/s


<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24


<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24
<24


1
Kiln ash
O.OBS
902732, 33
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.5

1.7
ND
HD
6.2
HI)
5.3
3.6
120
2.5
7.6
ND


ND
ND
ND
29
ND
ND
15

Rate
In
mg/s


.0.14
<0.04
<0.04
0.53
<0.04
0.45
0.31
0.21
0.21
0.65
<0. 04


<0.04
<0.04
<0.04
2.5
<0.04
<0.04
1.3


Total
output

2
Bottom ash
0.11
902766, 67
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.5

ND
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
ND
2.1
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
<0.0fi
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
0.24
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06


<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06
<0.06

Rate
In
mg/s


220

-------
 4-methyl-2-pentanone (150 yg/L),  and  methylene  chloride  (90 yg/L), had higher
 concentrations  than bottom ash  volatiles  which  included methylene chloride
 (26 pg/L)  and toluene (13 ug/L).
 Semivolatile Qrganics
      Semi volatile organics, as  shown  in Table 39, were detected in high
 concentrations  in the liquid waste fuel.
      Except for benzoic acid detected at  a  level of  260 ppb in the quench
 plus scrubber #1 sump, no semi volatile organics were detected in the scrubber
 supply or return water.
      As with the volatiles, relatively high levels of semivolatiles were
 detected in the kiln ash; phenol  was  detected at 400 ppm followed by
•
 2-methylnaphthalene at 15 ppm and five others in the 1 to 2 ppm range.  No
 semivolatiles were detected in the bottom ash.
      Kiln ash and bottom ash TCLP leachates were analyzed for semivolatiles
 and both were determined to only  contain  phenol at 1800 and 120 yg/L,
 respectively, at a nominal detection  limit  of 2 yg/L.  Phenol was detected in
 the kiln ash at 400 ppm, so its presence  in the leachate is not surprising.
 The bottom ash, however, did not  have a detected level of phenol, and the
 phenol level in the leachate suggests that  the  bottom ash phenol
 concentration should also be in the ppm range or greater.
 Priority Pollutant Metals
      Priority pollutant metals  analyses are shown in Table 40.  The two
 unsampled waste streams were noted to contain cadmium, chromium, lead, and
 mercury.  Chromium, lead, and zinc appear to be the  higher concentration
 metals in the liquid waste fuel.   Although  an unsuccessful attempt was made
 to create a metals mass balance for the system, it can be seen that the

                                      91

-------
                                                      TABLE  39.   SITE 8  SEMIVOLATILE' OR6ANICS
vo
ro
Input
Quench
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor*
Priority Pollutants
1 sophorone
Naphthalene
Phenol
Benzyl butyl phthalate
Dlethyl phthalate
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Benzole acid
2-Hethyl phenol
2-Methyl naphthalene
3
Liquid waste
fuel
0.68
902702. 03
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
20

6.800
590
38
2.000
32
ND
ND
ND


19
ND
110

Rate
In
mg/s


4.600
400
26
1.400
22
<14
<14
<14


13
<14
75
4
Supply
310
902709 to 11
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.02

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6


<6
<6
<6
+ scrubber 11
5
Sump
310
902712
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L
0.02

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


0.26
ND
ND


Rate
In
mg/s


<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6


82
<6
<6
Net

Rate
In
mg/s


<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6
<6


82
<6
<6
Output




Total
Output
TCLP
Scrubber 12 + wet ESPs
7
Supply
47
902717 .
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L
0.02

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
8 1
Return Net Kiln ash
47 0.085
18 902722 to 28 902732, 33
Concen-
Rate tratlon
In In
mg/s mg/L
0.02

<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND


<1 ND
<1 ND
<1 ND
Concen-
Rate Rate tratlon
In In 1n
mg/s mg/s mg/kg
0.5

<1 <1 2.5
<1 <1 2.3
<1 <1 400
<1 <1 ND
<1 <1 ND
<1 <1 0.9
<1 <1 1.3
<1 <1 ND


<1 <1 ND
<1 <1 1
<1 <1 15

Rate
1n
mg/s


0.21
0.2
34
<0.04
<0.04
0.08
0.11
<0.04


<0.04
0.09
1.3
2
Bottom ash
0.11
902766. 67
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg
0.1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01


<0.01
<0.01
<0.01

Rate
In
mg/s


<7
<7
<7
<7
<7
<7
<7
<7


R2
<7
<7
1
Kiln
ash
902732,
33
Concen-
tration
In
pg/L
2

ND
ND
1800
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
NO
2
Bottom
ash
902766.
67
Concen-
tration
In
119/L
2

ND
ND
120
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
       'To obtain actual detection limits, multiply this factor times the Individual detection  limit values In Table 5 and retain units from this table.
        values should be multiplied by corresponding detection limits In Table 5.
Note:  all less than

-------
                                        TABLE 40.  SITE 8 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
to
to
Tonlclty
Input

Stream number
Strtim deicrlptlon
Stream floorate In
kg/s
Sample number

,


Priority Pollutant
Hetali
Antimony
Arienlc
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chroml urn
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc


3
Liquid Mtstt
fuel
0.68
902702. 03
Concen-
tration
In
•g/i


<1
3
«1
 scrubber fl
S
310
902713
Concen-
tration
In
•9/L


2.4
0.3
0.01
l.S
1.9
1.2
6

-------
 scrubber supply and/or return streams  had sufficiently  high  concentrations of
 cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium  to be  near  or  above the  EP toxicity
 limit.
      As  expected, kiln ash and bottom  ash each  have  total priority pollutant
 metal  concentrations above 2000 ppm.   The kiln  ash,  which is perhaps not
 subjected to as high a temperature and would likely  be  generated from larger
 size material  than the bottom ash, has higher concentrations of copper
 (2900 mg/kg  versus 14 mg/kg), zinc (2500 mg/kg  versus 2200 mg/kg), lead
 (1600 mg/kg  versus 280 mg/kg), cadmium (250  mg/kg versus 110 mg/kg), antimony
 (240 mg/kg versus 32 mg/kg), etc.   For this  site, the EP and TCLP leachates
 for the  kiln ash and bottom ash did not exceed  toxicity limits.
•2.9  SITE 9
 2.9.1  Facility Description
      A facility schematic is shown in  Figure 9.  This facility is designed
 to incinerate a variety of solid and liquid  wastes.  Although  all wastes are
 ultimately incinerated, there are  onsite receiving and  staging areas to
 ensure constant flow to the incinerator under various waste  loads.
      Solid wastes are normally received prepackaged  in  burnable containers
 and are  fed  at only one location — the feed end  of  the rotary kiln.
 Occasionally a steel drum is fed.   The containerized solid wastes are
 mechanically conveyed to the rotary kiln air lock and dropped  into the kiln.
 Under normal operation, blended high-Btu and blended low-Btu liquid wastes
 are fed  to the rotary kiln, but only blended high-Btu liquid waste is fed to
 the secondary  combustion chamber.   Destruction  of wastes takes place in the
 11-ft diameter by 35-ft long rotary kiln and more than  4000-ft3 secondary
                                      94

-------
                                                                                                                         To
                                                                                                                     Atmosphere
<£>
en
Low-Btu x->
Liquids (£,
            Drummed
            Wastes
                           Hlgh-Btu
                           Liquids
                                 Kiln
                   Make-up Hater

         Secondary
         Combustion
         Chamber
                                        Ash
                                        Quench
                                         Conveyor
      1
Kiln
Ash
                                                                                                                            Stack
                                                 Ash Quench Water
                                                                                 (5) Process
                                                                                    Waste Water
                                            Figure 9.   Site 9  Incinerator  schematic.

-------
 combustion  chamber.   The rotary  kiln  provides controlled agitation of the
 solid wastes  to  ensure good  exposure  for  combustion and thorough burnout.  As
 the  kiln  rotates,  the burned out ash  travels through the kiln and falls onto
 a  water-submerged  drag chain conveyor which periodically removes the ash from
 the  trough  and discharges it into a lugger box.  The ash is sold to a
 processor for silver recovery.
     The  hot  gases from the  rotary kiln pass through a mixing chamber and
 into the  secondary combustion chamber.  High-Btu waste liquids are burned in
 the  secondary combustion chamber to provide additional retention time at a
 higher  temperature to ensure complete combustion of the kiln gases.  Flue gas
 leaving the secondary combustion chamber  enters the emission control  portion
'of the  process where particulates and acid gases are removed in a three-step
 process:  a quench chamber,  a van able-throat venturi scrubber, and a
 variable  spin vane cyclonic  liquid-gas separator.  The gases proceed to two
 induced draft fans in series, through a silencer for noise supression, and
 out  through a free-standing, nearly 200-ft stack.  The fans maintain a
 negative  pressure  throughout the incinerator system.
 2.9.2   Operating and Sampling Information
     The  following operating information  was collected for this site:
     •    Dates of  site visit: October 31, 1985, and November 1, 1985
     •    Process observations:
          --  Ferrous metals  are  removed from the kiln ash and the residue is
              sold  to a processor for  silver recovery
          —  Process wastewater  flow  is treated by an industrial wastewater
              treatment plant prior to release to a river
                                      96

-------
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Kiln temperature maintained at 1450 to 1500°F with one excursion
             to 1550°F
         —  Secondary combustion chamber temperature maintained at 1700°F
             with excursions to 1750°F
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
         —  Blended high-Btu liquid fuel flowrate 92 Ib/min
         —  Blended low-Btu liquid fuel flowrate 16 Ib/min
         —  Solid waste feedrate 59 Ib/min with 8 different types of solid
             wastes having been fed
         —  Process wastewater flow to industrial wastewater treatment plant
             560 gpm
         —  Kiln ash generation rate approximately 280 Ib/hr
A summary of all samples collected at this site and the analyses performed
is presented in Table 41.
2.9.3  Analytical Results
Volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 42, the high-Btu and low-Btu liquid waste streams  plus
the solids feed waste stream all contain high levels of widely used
industrial solvents, especially acetone and toluene.
     The kiln ash generation rate for this system appeared relatively low or
perhaps the ash handling system was substantially oversized.  The ash
conveyor was operated approximately 10 minutes an hour with the conveyor
trough receiving a continuous makeup and blowdown of quench water.  No
volatiles were detected in this kiln ash at a level above 500 yg/kg, which
suggests a better combustion efficiency than experienced at some other

                                     97

-------
                       TABLE  41.   SITE 9  PROCESS  STREAM SAMPLES
Stream
number
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
• 1
1
4
4

Stream name
Gel residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Filter press residue
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Scrubber holding tank blowdown
Low-Btu blended liquid waste
Low-Btu blended liquid waste
Low-Btu blended liquid waste
Low-Btu blended liquid waste
Low-Btu blended liquid waste
H1gh-Btu blended liquid waste
H1gh-Btu blended liquid waste
H1gh-Btu blended liquid waste
High-Btu blended liquid waste
High-Btu blended liquid waste
Quenched kiln ash
Quenched kiln ash
Water trip blank
Sample
ID
number
902741
902742
902743
902744
902745
902746
902747
902748
902749
902750
902751
902752
902753
902754
902755
902756
902757
902758
902759
902760
902761
902762
902763
902764
902765
EPA ID
number
D001
D001
D001
D001
D001
D001
D001
D001




b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b



Sampling
date
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
10/31/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
11/1/85
Analyses
performed3
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1.
2
3
1

2

3
1

2

3
1

1.
1.
1
2,
2,
2,
2,
2.
2,
2,
2,














2,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3














3,4.5
2.3,4,5


Comments
Combined
Combined
Combined
Combi ned
Combi ned
Combi ned
Combi ned
Combi ned














Combined
Combined

902741
902741
902741
902741
902741
902741
902741
902741














thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru














48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48














with 902764
with 902763



'Key:   1 » Volatile analyses.
       2 • Semi volatile and base neutral  add analyses.
       3 • Thirteen priority pollutant  metals.
       4 - EP  Tox1c1ty extraction procedure followed by analysis  3.
       5 « TCLP  followed by analyses 1,  2, and 3.
*>EPA numbers D001, F001, F002, F003, and  F005.
                                                98

-------
                                          TABLE  42.   SITE  9 VOLATILE, ORGANICS


Stream number
Stream description

Stream flowrate In kg/s
Sample number


*




3
Solids feed

0.44
902741 to 48

Concen-
tration Rate
1n In
mg/kg mg/s

Input
1
High Btu
liquids
0.7
902761

Concen-
tration Rate
In 1n
ng/L mg/s
Total
Input
2
Low Btu
liquids
0.12
902756

Concen-
tration Rate Rate
1n 1n In
mg/L mg/s mg/s

Total
Output output
4
Kiln ash

0.035
902763, 64

Concen-
tration Rate
In In
mg/kg mg/s
5
APCE effluent

35
902751

Concen-
tration Rate Rate
In 1n In
mg/L mg/s mg/s

TCLP
4
Kiln
ash

902763,
64
Concen-
tration
In
ug/L
Detection Limit  Factor*

Priority Pollutants
0.5
100
100
0.5
0.5
Methyl ene chloride
Chloroform
1,1-Dlchloroethane
1 ,1 ,1-TMchloroethane
1 ,2-D1ch1oropropane
Trlchloroethene
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
All other priority
pollutants
Nonprlorlty Pollutants
Acetone
4-Methyl -2-pentanone
Total xylenes
ND
NO
ND
ND
2.2
ND
ND
90
ND
2.8
ND


840
ND
3.3
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
1
<0.2
<0.2
40
<0.2
1.2
<0.2


370
<0.23
1.5
15,000
ND
690
15,000
680
4,200
460
100,000
1.500
8,300
ND


220 ,000
25,000
22,000
10,000
<70
480
10,500
480
2.900
320
70,000
1.000
5.800
<70


150.000
17 ,000
15.000
15,000
ND
ND
16,000
600
5.000
500
110,000
1,600
10.000
ND


240 ,000
28.000
23,000
1,900
<12
<12
2,000
74
620
60
13,000
600
1,200
<12


30,000
3,500
2,900
12,000
<80
480
12,000
550
3,600
380
84,000
1,200
7,000
<80


180,000
21,000
18.000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


NO
NO
ND
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02


<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
NO <1B
NO <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
ND <18


ND <18
ND <18
ND <18
<18 100
<18 13
<1R ND
<18 ND
<18 NO

-------
 sites using  rotary  kilns.   Also,  no  volatiles were detected in the APCE
 effluent  blowdown to the industrial  wastewater treatment plant.  Providing
 that the  makeup  water  is clean, the  relatively high blowdown rate is likely
 to  keep any  PICs or POHCs  below detectable  levels.
     Kiln ash TCLP  leachate was analyzed  for volatiles.  With no volatiles
 having been  discovered in  the  kiln ash, it  is somewhat surprising to find
 three common solvents, methylene  chloride (100 ug/L), acetone (67 pg/L) and
 chloroform (13 ug/L) in the leachate,
 Semi volatile Organics
     As shown in Table 43, only a few  semivolatiles were detected in the
 input streams while none were  detected in the outlet, including the TCLP
>leachate  for the kiln  ash.  Isophorone at 1000 ppm was the only semi volatile
 detected  in  the  composited solids feed sample.  For the high-Btu liquids,
 di-n-butyl phthalate (4300 mg/L), 4-methylphenol  (2000 mg/L) and
 2-methylnaphtnalene (460 mg/L) were  three of the  eight semivolatiles detected
 but the only ones at a concentration of greater than 100 mg/L.  Low-Btu
 liquids only had four  detected semivolatiles. di-n-butyl phthalate
 (500 mg/L),  4-methylphenol (280 mg/L), phenol (160 mg/L), and isophorone
 (56 mg/L).
 Priority  Pollutant  Metals
     The  analyses for  priority pollutant  metals are shown in Table 44.  In
 general,  the input  streams appear to have low concentrations of metals (less
 than 20 ppb).  In comparison,  several  other sites had metals at substantially
 higher levels in the feed.  Since this site has its ash processed for silver,
 it  is surprising to see silver barely  detected in one of the three input
 samples.
                                     100

-------
                                     TABLE 43.   SITE 9 SEMIVOLATJLE OR6ANICS
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate 1n kg/s
Sample number




Detection Limit Factor'
Priority Pollutants
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Phenol
B1 s ( 2-ethy1 hexyl )phtha1 ate
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
01 ethyl phthalate
Phenanthrene
All other priority
pollutants
NonpMorlty Pollutants
4-Methyl phenol
2-Methyl naphthalene
3
Solids feed
0.44
902741 to 48
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg
20

1000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


NO
ND

Rate
1n
mg/s


440
<9
<9
<9
<9
<9
<9
<9


<9
<9
1
High Btu
liquids
0.7
902758
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L
20

ND
32
24
82
4300
78
44
ND


2000
460


Rate
1n
mg/s


<14
22
17
57
3000
55
30
<14


1400
320
2
Low Btu
liquids
0.12
902753
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/L
20

56
ND
160
ND
500
ND
ND
ND


280
ND
Total
Input
Total
Output output
4
Kiln ash
0.035
902763 A 64

Rate
1n
mg/s


7
<2
20
<2
62
<2
<2
<2


35
<2

Rate
1n
mg/s


450
<31
<46
<68
3100
<66
<41
<25


1400
320
Concen-
tration
1n
mg/kg
0.1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004


<0.004
<0.004
5
APCE effluent
35
902749
Concen-
tration Rate Rate
In In In
mg/L mg/s mg/s
0.02

ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1


ND <1 <1
ND <1 <1
TCLP
4
Kiln ash
902763. 64
Concen-
tration
1n
wg/L
2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
•To obtain  actual detection limits,  multiply this factor times the Individual  detection Unit values In Tahle 5 and  retain units
 from this  table.  Note:  all  less than values should  be multiplied by corresponding detection limits In Tahle 5.

-------
                                    TABLE 44.  SITE 9 PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
o
ro
Toxldty
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate
1n kg/s
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
netais
Ant 1 mony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
3
Solids feed
0.44
902741 to 48
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg


<1
<1
<1
<1
6
2
7
<0.05
<2
<4
<1
11
17

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.44
<0.44
<0.44
<0.44
2.7
0.89
3.1
<0.02
0.89
<1.8
0.44
4.9
7.6
1
High Btu
liquids
0.70
902760
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


0.6
0.2
<0.01
0.02
11
1.8
2.3
<0.005
2.5
<0.5
<0.01
0.53
0.72


Rate
In
mg/s


0.42
0.14
<0.007
0.014
7.7
1.3
1.6
<0.003
1.7
<0.35
<0.007
0.37
0.5
2
Low Btu
0.12
902755
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


0.8
<0.1
<0.01
0.02
0.76
0.93
0.24
<0.005
0.5
<0.5
0.02
1.1
<0.09
liquids

Rate
In
mg/s


0.099
<0.012
<0.001
0.002
0.094
0.11
0.03
<0.001
0.062
<0.062
0.002
0.14
<0.011
Total
Input


Rate
In
mg/s


<1
<0.6
<0.4
<0.5
10
2.3
4.7
<0.02
2.7
<2.2
<0.4
5.4
8.1
Output
4
Kiln Ash
0.035
902763 *
Concen-
tration
In
mg/kg


<0.8
2
<1
<1
29
120
490
<0.05
21
<4
9
6
44
64

Rate
In
mg/s


<0.03
0.07
<0.03
<0.03
1
4.2
17
<0.002
0.74
<0.14
0.32
0.21
1.6
Total
output
5
APCE Effluent
35
902750
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


<0.03
<0.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.27
0.46
0.38
<0.005
0.07
<0.1
0.61
0.31
0.16

Rate
1n
Mg/s


<1.1
<3.5
<0.4
<0.4
9.5
16
13
<0.2
2.5
<3.5
22
11
5.6

Rate
In
mg/s


<1.1
<3.6
<0.4
<0.4
11
20
31
<0.2
3.2
<3.7
22
11
7.2
EP
4
Kiln ash
902763, 64
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


<0.01
<0.06
<0.01
<0.01
0.08
<0.02
<0.07
<0.001
2
<0.05
0.09
<0.01
0.67
TCLP
4
Kiln ash
902763. 64
Concen-
tration
In
mg/L


0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
0.67
0.5
<0.001
0.49
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
1.9

-------
     The kiln ash, as expected, exhibits an increased concentration  for most
metals, especially lead (490 ppm), chromium (120 ppm), zinc (44 ppm),  and
cadmium (29 ppm).  The APCE effluent blowdown, likely due to a  high  blowdown
rate, has a low metals concentration.  Based on mass flows, more silver
appears in the blowdown water than in the kiln ash.
     The EP toxicity and TCLP leachates for the kiln ash provide extremely
low concentrations for most of the metals.  This may be associated with the
makeup of the kiln ash or the water washing the ash receives when it is
removed from the incinerator system.
2.10  SITE 10
2.10.1  Facility Description
     A schematic of this process is shown in Figure 10.  The facility
incinerates solid wastes in a rotary kiln and liquid wastes in  the  rotary
kiln and a secondary combustion chamber.  The rotary kiln is 6-1/2  ft  in
diameter and 22-ft long, while the secondary combustion chamber is  7-1/2 ft
in diameter and 24-ft high.  Hot gases from the rotary kiln are heated to at
least 1900°F in the secondary combustion chamber to ensure complete
combustion.
     Flue gas leaving the secondary combustion chamber enters the emission
control section of the process where particulates and acid gases are removed
in a four-step process:  a quench chamber, a low-pressure venturi scrubber,  a
liquid-gas separator, and an acid absorber.  An induced draft fan downstream
of the liquid-gas separator maintains a negative pressure in the front half
of the system and forces the cooled gases through the acid absorber and into
the exhaust stack.
                                     103

-------
Liquid ,  ,
Waste  (lj
                  Liquid
                  Waste

                    Air
              Rotary
               K1ln
          1200 - 1700°F
                      v
                       Ash
                                  u  °o
                                  F  °
                                  t  N
                                 .J   ,
                                  t  o
                                  £  g
                                  <  rH
Quench
 Wster
                                                                               Clean Exhaust  Gas
                                                                                To Atmosphere
                       Water


                      Caustic



                     Effluent
                      Water /o
               Water
                                                                                      I
                                                                                   /  \
  Acid
Absorber
                                                                                   Separator
                  Figure  10.   Site  10 Incinerator schematic.

-------
2.10.2  Operating and Sampling Information
     The following operating information was  collected for this site:
     •   Dates of site visit:  November 4 and 5,  1985
     •   Process observations:
         —  Solids feed system not operational during test, so no ash
             generated
     •   Process conditions:
         —  Kiln maintained at 1325°F
         —  Afterburner chamber maintained at 2230°F
         —  Venturi scrubber pressure drop 24 in.  of water
         —  Kiln airflow 240 scfm
         —  Afterburner airflow 635 scfm
         --  Quench water flow 790 Ib/min
         —  Venturi water flow 1090 Ib/min
         --  Absorber water flow 1310 Ib/min
         —  Recirculation water maintained at pH of  7.2
         —  Stack oxygen concentration 9 percent on  a dry basis
     •   Estimated influent and effluent flows during test:
         —  Liquid waste flow to kiln 256  Ib/hr
         —  Liquid waste flow to afterburner 398 Ib/hr
         --  Recycle effluent blowdown 7.4  gal/min
         ~  Absorber effluent blowdown 8.2 gal/min
A summary of all samples collected at this  site and the analyses  performed
is presented in Table 45.
                                     105

-------
                  TABLE 45.   SITE  10  PROCESS  STREAM  SAMPLES
Stream
number Stream name
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Liquid waste feed
Liquid waste feed
Liquid waste feed
Scrubber effluent
Scrubber effluent
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
Scrubber
effluent
effluent
effluent
effluent
effluent
effluent
ef f 1 uent
effluent
Water trip blank
Sample
ID EPA ID Sampling Analyses
number number date performed3 Comments
901998 b 11/5/85
901999 b 11/5/85
902000 b 11/5/85
902001 11/5/85
902002 11/5/85
902003
902333
902334
902335
902336
902337
902338
902339
902340
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
11/5/85
3
2
1
2
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


Combined
Combi ned
Combined
Combi ned
Combi ned
Combi ned
Combi ned



902333
902333
902333
902333
902333
902333
902333



thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru



39
39
39
39
39
39
39

aKey:  1 = Volatile analyses.
       2 = Semi volatile  and  base  neutral acid analyses.
       3 = Thirteen priority pollutant metals.
       4 = EP Toxicity extraction  procedure followed by analysis 3.
       5 = TCLP followed by  analyses  1,  2, and 3.
bEPA numbers D001,  F001, F002,  F003,  and F005.
                                          106

-------
 2.10.3   Analytical  Results
      Unfortunately, the solids  feed system was  not operational during the
 gathering  of incinerator system input and  output  samples at this site.
 Hence,  this  site as tested  did  not fully meet the site selection criteria but
 does  demonstrate possible expected performance  for sites with rotary kilns
 temporarily  not incinerating solid hazardous wastes.  As tested, this
 facility had only one liquid input stream  and one output stream.
 Volatile Organics
      As shown in Table 46,  common solvent  volatile organics were only
 detected in  the liquid waste fuel with toluene  (about 7 percent), acetone
 (about  5 percent),  and xylenes  (about 2.6  percent) occurring in
.concentrations above 10,000 my/L.  No volatiles were detected in the APCE
 effluent blowdown.
 Semi volatile Oryanics
      Many  common semivolatile organics were detected in the liquid waste fuel
 (see Table 47).  Those present  above 10,000 yg/L  (10 ppm)  included
 2-methylnaphthalene (1,100,000  yg/L), phenanthrene  (74 yg/L), fluorene
 (44,000 yg/L), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (40,000 yg/L), naphthalene
 (38,000 yg/L), pyrene (29,000 yg/L), fluoranthene (22,000  yg/L), and
 1,4-dichlorobenzene.  Only  two  semivolatiles were detected in the APCE
 effluent blowdown,  bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate  (43 ppb) and diethyl phthalate
 (30 ppb).
 Priority Pollutant  Metals
      Priority pollutant metal concentrations are  shown in  Table 48.  Based  on
 results from other  sites, the concentrations of priority pollutant metals at
 site  10 without solids feed is  relatively  low.
                                      107

-------
             TABLE 46.  SITE  10 VOLATILE ORGANICS
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate in kg/s
Sample number
Input
1
Liquid Waste Fuel
0.082
902000
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/L mg/s
Output
2
APCE effluent
0.98
902333 through 39
Concen-
tration Rate
in in
mg/L mg/s
Nominal Detection Limit       100

Priority Pollutants

Methylene chloride          4000      300
Chloroform                  9600      790
1,1,1-Trichloroethane       6700      550
Benzene                     6700      550
Toluene                    71000     5800
Ethyl benzene                5100      420
All other priority             ND       <8
    pollutants

Nonpn'ority Pollutants

Acetone                    49000     4000
4-Methyl-2-pentanone        1700      140
Total xylenes              26000     2100
0.5
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
                              108

-------
            TABLE 47.  SITE 10 SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
                                   Input
                        Output
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate in kg/s
Sample number
1
Liquid waste fuel
0.082
901999
APCE effluent
0.98
902001
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L

Rate
in
mg/s
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L

Rate
in
mg/s
Nominal Detection Limit          1               0.01

Priority Pollutants

Acenaphthene                     9        0.7         ND     <0.01
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene          40        3.3         ND     <0.01
2-Chloronaphthalene              2.1      0.2         ND     <0.01
1,2-Dichlorobenzene              9        0.7         ND     <0.01
1,4-Dichlorobenzene             17        1.4         ND     <0.01
Fluoranthene                    22        1.8         ND     <0.01
Naphthalene                     38        3.1         ND     <0.01
Phenol                           5        0.4         ND     <0.01
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate       6        0.5     0.043      0.04
Di-n-butyl phthalate             4        0.3         ND     <0.01
Diethyl phthalate                ND     <0.1     0.03       0.03
Benzo(a)pyrene                   8.4      0.7         ND     <0.01
Anthracene                       4        0.3         ND     <0.01
Fluorene                        44        3.6         ND     <0.01
Phenanthrene                    74        6.1         ND     <0.01
Pyrene                          29        2.4         ND     <0.01
All other priority               NO     <0.1         ND     <0.01
    pollutants

Nonpriority pollutants

4-Methylphenol                   2.1      0.2         ND     <0.01
2-Methylnaphthalene           1100       91           ND     <0.01
4-Chloroaniline                  7        0.6         ND     <0.01
Dibenzofuran                     8        0.7         ND     <0.01
                               109

-------
TABLE 48.  SITE 10 PRIORITY POLLUTANT  METALS
Input
Stream number
Stream description
Stream flowrate in kg/s
Sample number




Priority Pollutant
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
1

Liquid waste fuel
0.82
901998
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L


<0.03
<0.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.18
<0.02
0.1
<0.005
0.18
0.2
0.03
<0.08
<0.09



Rate
in
mg/s


<0.002
<0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.015
<0.002
0.008
<0.004
0.015
0.016
0.002
<0.007
<0.007
Output
2
APCE effl
0.98
902002
Concen-
tration
in
mg/L


0.13
<0.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.28
0.05
0.1
<0.005
0.48
0.2
<0.01
0.03
0.11

uent



Rate
in
mg/s


0.13
<0.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.27
0.05
0.1
<0.005
0.47
0.2
<0.01
0.03
0.11
                   •  no

-------
                                  SECTION  3
                                DATA ANALYSIS

     In this program the  residual streams  at 10 incinerator sites were
sampled.  The samples were then analyzed for volatiles. semivolatiles, and
metals.  An analysis of the  analytical data is given below.
3.1  VOLATILE AND  SEMIVOLATILE OR6ANICS
     Liquid, aqueous, and solid waste fuels all generally contained
-relatively common  volatile and semi volatile organics.  Acetone, 2-butanone
(MEK), ethylbenzene, methylene chloride, toluene, tetrachloroethane,
trichloroethane, and xylenes  (combined ortho-, meta-, and para-) were the
volatiles typically present  in the  highest concentrations in most fuel
samples.  Semi volatile organics were not detected in concentrations as high
as the common volatiles.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, isophorone,
naphthalene, and phenol were  detected as major semivolatiles in the waste
feeds at roughly half the tested sites.  Benzyl-butyl phthalate, diethyl
phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, 2-methylnaphthalene, N-nitrosodiphenylamine,
and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were detected at significant levels at just a few
sites.
     Site 1 incinerated a special waste high in PCBs typically present in
Aroclor and other  transformer oils, while Site 4 incinerated CS tear gas
(0-chlorobenzalmalononitrile).  These sites demonstrate that incinerator
Inlet streams can  be well-defined and limited to one or two special feeds.

                                     Ill

-------
More typical,  though,  were  the many other incinerators with generic solvents
present in the inlet streams.
     A total of  19  distinct volatile organics  and 24 distinct semi volatile
organics were  detected in the  ash residual  samples.   Those present  in the
highest concentrations are  shown in Table 49 while the data results are
summarized in  Table 50.  Even  the low volatiles  concentrations in the ash
reported in these tables would generally not be  expected.   However, these
levels might be  due to the  ash adsorbing volatiles from quench water
(Sites 1, 2, 3,  7,  8,  and 9),  flue gas,  or  air;  products of incomplete
combustion (PICs)  (especially  possible with Site 4)  or early ash quenching
before complete  ash burnout (possible with  Sites 3 and 8); or poor  air/waste
•mixing (sites  with  fixed hearth incinerators).   Except for Site 4 where the
feed material  was a relatively pure chemical,  o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile,
the volatile organics  found generally appear in  the  waste  feed.  The cyclone

                         TABLE 49.  ORGANICS IN  ASH
                                                     Highest
                                                  concentration
                                                     in ppm
              Volatiles  (19  total  detected)
              Toluene                                 120
              2-butanone                               34
              4-methyl-2-pentanone                    29
              Tetrachloroethane                        16
              Semivolatiles  (24  total  detected)
              Bis(2-ethylhexy1)phthalate              500
              Phenol                                  400
              Di-n-butylpntnalate                      39
              2-methylnaphthalene                    '  15
                                       112

-------
                                          TABLE   50.    CONCENTRATION  OF  VOLATILE  AND  SEMIVOLATILE  ORGANICS   IN
                                                             INCINERATOR  ASH  RESIDUALS  AND  THEIR   TCLP  LEACHATE
Site mater
Streaai description
                                       Klin ith
                                                       I
                                                    Kiln ash
                                                        1
                                                      KHn «JK
                                                                              (oiler ash   Cyclone ash
Saul) Incinerator
   bottom ash
                                                                                                                       Incinerator
                                                                                                                        bottom »h
                                                                                                                         Incinerator
                                                                                                                          bottofl ish
   0
Kiln ith
            Incliwritor
            bottoi »h
                                                                          9
                                                                        Kiln ilh
                                                                                                     Concentration1•••'
                                    (•gAll/big/l)
                                                                                                           (•9/>*)/(MI/L)
(A)
            Volatile oreanlcs<

            Detection llailt factor'
            Chloroaethane
            Iroanaethane
            Nethytene chloride
            trant-l.Z-dlchtocoethene
            Chlorotona
            I.I-dlcMoroaihant
            1,1.1-tHcMoroethane
            Irtchloroethene
tetrschloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobentene
fthylbeniene*
Acetone
Carbon i
t-butenone
4-aethyl -t-pentanone
Styrene
Total tylenes

Se»l»olatll« Oreanlcs1*

Detection Halt Factor'
Acenaphthene
1,1.4-TrlchtorobenieM
riuoranthent
            (Uphthelene
            I-Nltrophcnot
            4-mtrophenol
            N-Nltrosodlphenytaarin*
Il>(l-ethylho»y1 (phthtlate
leniyl butyl phthalate
Dl-n-twtyl phthatete
Ol-n-oct,! phthalate
Oleth.l phthalate
OlMthyl phthllate
lenio(b)fluoranthent
ChrHene
Anthracene*
PhenanthreiM
•yrene
lentolc acid
t-Nethylphenol
t-Nethylnaphthileni
Aniline

Coamttt: Met or Dry Ath
1
—
"

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                                                                              N«t
                                                                                           Dry
                                                                                                         Dry
                                                                                                                        Dry
                                                                                                                                     Vet
                                                                                                                                                  Vet
                                                                                                                                                               Dry
            •Ash concentration /  TCLr leachate concentration.
            •-- .eani not detected, hence less than nominal detection Halt.
            (Volatile oroanlci data for TCLP teachate not e»ellable.
            **«A Append I < VIII unless othenilse noted.
            'Not KKA AppendU VIM coaiiound.
            rTo obtain actual detection Halts, aultlply  tills factor tla« the IndUldual  detection Halt nines In Table 4 and retain units fro. this table.

-------
ash from Site 4 shows several compounds that would appear to be PICs.
Because the cyclone ash at Site 4 was periodically emptied and allowed  to
free fall through air during the cyclone draining procedure, it is possible
that the volatiles observed were adsorbed while the ash was in the cyclone
and/or during the free fall through air upon draining.
     Most detected compounds are less than 10 ppm.  Most sites quench  ash
with water.  Especially if a rotary kiln discharges ash and unburned material
too quickly, it is possible for some of the organics to not be subjected to
high enough temperatures for complete combustion (thus, the appearance  of the
organics in the analyses); also, the quench water may experience a buildup of
these organic compounds and contaminate the ash (c.f., wet and dry ash  from
Site 8).
     .Incinerators with rotary kilns would be expected to more thoroughly
incinerate organics than incinerators with fixed hearths since the tumbling
action of the rotary kiln continuously agitates the solid materials and
exposes unburned material to very high temperatures.
     This expectation is not fully supported by the sample averages shown in
Figure 11 since the kiln ash volatile average is shown as being higher than
the bottom ash average.  The bottom ash average would be increased, however,
if values were deleted for Site 5's large incinerator (since that incinerator
burned only liquid waste) and Site 8's bottom ash (since that ash was
predominantly generated from liquid waste).
     Boiler ash and cyclone ash each consist of small particles exposed to
high temperatures and oxygen for a sufficiently long period for expected high
organic burnout.  Although the cyclone ash volatiles are somewhat high,
                                      114

-------
Figure 11 generally supports  the  expected  good  burnout and low organics ash
content.
     A total of nine  volatile and five semi volatile organics were detected in
the various APCE effluents  as shown  in Table 51.   Site 4 effluent appears to
have either been contaminated with approximately  60 ppm of volatile organics
or the incinerator produced those items as PICs followed by adsorption into
APCE effluent water.   Since the cyclone ash for this facility also contained
volatiles, it appears  the two cases  support the presence of volatiles as
PICs.  Sites 1 and 8  practice extensive water recirculation although all
other sites with APCE  recirculate effluent to a certain extent before
discharging water to  an  onsite treatment facility.  Sites 1 and 8 are
expected to have higher  than average volatiles  and semivolatiles as the data
relatively supports  (the detection limit for Site 1 volatiles, in retrospect,
was set too high and  is  hypothesized to contain several volatiles in the near
ppm range).
     A draft toxicity  characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) using the EPA
draft protocol revised December 1985 was used to obtain extracts from the
residual ash samples.  Those samples were analyzed for semivolatile organics
and for volatile organics.   Organics extracted, as shown in Table 50, were
analyzed with uniform  detection limits of 1 yg/L (1 ppb) for volatiles  and
2 ug/L (2 ppb) for semivolatiles.  Average Teachable volatiles and
semivolatiles for each type of ash,  shown in Figure 12, were less than
1000 yg/L or 1 ppm.   Organics with highest concentrations are summarized in
Table 52.
                                      115

-------
                                                                             S-1688
   1,000 -
01
en
VI
u
o
100
      10
^ Volatile
£3 Semivolatile


[>









^
^
N,
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^
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Kiln Bottom Boiler Cyclone
Ash Ash Ash Ash
       Figure 11.  Total  and  average organic concentrations in ash.
                                     116

-------
TABLE 51.   CONCENTRATION  OF VOLATILE  AND SEMI VOLATILE ORGANICS  IN
             INCINERATOR APCE EFFLUENTS,  IN
Site number                 1234      7      89     10
Volatile organic*
Nominal detection limit
Chloromethane
Trans-1 ,2-dl chl oroethene
Chloroform
l,2-d1chloroethane
1,1,1-trlchloroethane
Trlchloroethene
Tet rachl oroethene
Toluene
Total xylenes
Semi volatile organic*
Nominal detection limit
Phenol
B1s(2-ethylhexy1 )phthalate
D1-n-butyl phthalate
01 ethyl phthalate
Benzole add

5 0.05 0.001
— • •• — w
— • _. ..
41

— _.
..
— » _•
» ._ _.
..

0.01 0.01 0.01
0.033 --
0.012 0.032 «
—
—
• « v~

0.5
_.
0.6

32.0
6.8
14.0
1.2
5.0
1.2

0.01
— .
.-
—
—
••

0.5

— —

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8.4

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0.02
0.100
..
0.022
—
••

0.5 0.5
2.5
0.6

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.. ••
3.6
5.2
4.2


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•• •«
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—
—
0.260 --

0.5
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— .

— —
..
__
..
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—

0.01
0.043
—
«
0.030
~~
a— means not detected, hence less than nominal detection limit.
bValues  In table represent highest Individual concentrations from more than one
 sample.
CRCRA Appendix VIII  unless otherwise noted.
dNot RCRA Appendix VIII compound.
                                     117

-------
                                                                  S-188T


10,000


_i
-v.
Concentration in pg
_*
_t 0
80
0
10
F3I TCLP
hoJ Volatile
V/\ TCLP
ki4 Semivolatile Average
£> Average

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33
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KXX\\\V\\\\\\\\\\V
/
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xi
•///////////////////
s >

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OS

Kiln Bottom Boiler Cyclone
Ash Ash Ash Ash
Figure 12.  Total and average  organic  concentrations  in  TCLP leachates,
                   TABLE  52.   TCLP  LEACHATE ORGANICS
                                            Highest
                                         concentration
                                            in  yg/L
                   Vblatiles

                   Toluene                   1700
                   Acetone                    950
                   Carbon disulfide           900
                   Methytlene  chloride        550
                   2-butanone                 280

                   Semivolatiles

                   Phenol                    1800
                   Dimethyl phthalate         580
                                     118

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3.2   PRIORITY  POLLUTANT METALS
      Concentration of priority pollutant metals varied dramatically between
the different  input waste streams at the 10 sites.  Site 10's input stream
had the  lowest metals concentrations, with total metals less than 0.7 mg/L.
Liquid waste fuel  at Site 8 had nearly 230 mg/L of metals with a zinc
concentration  of 190 mg/L.  Higher metal concentrations were found in the
solvent  wastes at  Site 5 with chromium at 4300 my/L, zinc at 310 mg/L, and
lead  at  93  my/L.  The highest metals concentrations were detected in the
vacuum filter  solids at Site 2 with just over 9000 mg/kg, composed of nickel
(6100 mg/kg) and zinc (2000 mg/kg).  Although a number of generic solvents
appear in the  wastes burned at the 10 sites, the metals concentration
"drastically varies, most likely, with the application or with the process
generating  the waste.
      Data for  the  nine sites producing a solid residual are displayed in
Table 53.   Figure  13 shows the ranges of priority pollutant metals
experienced.  Boiler ash (from Site 3) has the highest concentration of
metals;  the small  ash particle size at this site presents a high surface to
mass  ratio  which favors metals condensation.  Highest concentrations for each
metal are shown in Table 54.
      Ash generated from the incineration of wastes was subjected to both the
EP toxicity test procedure and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure  for
metals.  The metal  concentrations presented in Table 53 indicate that only
1 metals measurement of the EP leachate out of 84 exceeded the maximum
concentration  of contaminants for characteristics of EP toxicity (standards
                                      119

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                                     TABLE  53.    CONCENTRATION OF PRIORITY  POLLUTANT METALS  IN

                                                    INCINERATOR RESIDUALS
ro
o
Site number
Strean description
1
Kiln ash
2
Kiln ash
3
Kiln ash
3
Boiler ash
4
Cyclone ash
S
Larre Incinerator
hotlon ash
Concentration*
(ng/kg)/(ng/L)/(ng/L) (ng/kg)/(ng/L)/(ng/L) (ng/kg)/(ng/L)/(ng/L)
Antlnony
Arsenic
Beryl Hun
Cadnlun
Chronlun
Copper
U.d
Hercury
Nickel
Selenlun
Sliver
thai Hun
line
Convents
Bet or Ury Ash
2 /<0.05 / 0.04
4 / 0.23 /<0.01
<2 /
-------
                                                        S-1689
                                           Average
  100,000 -
i.
D.

~  10,000
-J]
I
    1,000
     100
              Kiln
              Ash
               Bottom
               Ash
Boiler
Ash
Cyclone
Ash
  Figure  13.  Total and average priority pollutant metals
             concentrations  in ash.
                TABLE 54.   METALS  IN ASH
                              Hi ghest
                           concentration
                              in ppm
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Sel eni urn
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
190
27
6
61
1,800
6,900
5,000
1.5
7,300
19
190
9
32, 000
                           121

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are set  forth  in Table 4 of 40 CFR 261.24), hence only the boiler ash at
Site  3,  due  to cadmium being 8.6 mg/L versus an allowable standard of 1 mg/L,
would  be considered a hazardous waste for metals if not already listed in
40 CFR Subpart D.  The TCLP leachate, if subjected to the same standards,
would  have 3 measurements out of 84 exceeding an allowable concentration.
Site  3 boiler  ash would exceed the standards for cadmium at 6.7 mg/L and
selenium at  1.4 mg/L versus an allowable standard of 1 mg/L for each.  Site 6
ash would exceed the standard for lead at 12 mg/L versus an allowable
5 mg/L.
      Table 55  presents the highest metal concentrations experienced in the
two leachates.  Zinc is the metal with the highest concentrations for 8 of
-the 12 EP toxicity ash leachates and 7 of the 12 TCLP ash leachates.
Figure 14 shows the range of total priority pollutant metals concentrations
in leachates for the four types of ash.  Leachate concentrations are highest
for boiler ash.  Kiln ash leachate would be expected to have more metals than
bottom ash leachate, but one very low zinc concentration apparently skewed
the EP toxicity kiln ash data substantially.
      Leachate  concentrations (in mg/L) are expected to be about 20 times less
than  ash reported values (in mg/kg) for 100 percent soluble metals.  Although
several  metals in ash concentrations are less than detectable limits and
cannot be further evaluated, solubility generally ranged from 1 to
10 percent.  Metal  concentrations greater than 1000 mg/kg of ash included
chromium (Site 3),  copper (Sites 1, 7, and 8), lead (Sites 3, 5, 6, and 8),
nickel (Sites  2 and 3), and zinc (Sites 3 and 8).
                                       122

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              TABLE  55.  HIGHEST  METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN

                          ASH LEACHATE IN mg/L
                                  EP
Toxicity
limit
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc

5
__
1
5
_.
5
0.2
--
1
5
__
~—
Concentration
0.49
0.23
<0.01
8.6
0.98
31
4.4
<0.001
20
0.17
0.09
0.05
1400
TCLP
Concentration
0.36
0.54
0.08
6.7
0.36
21
12
<0.001
13
1.4
0.05
0.18
1200
         1,000
        c
        o
        c
        a)
        u
           100
            10
                     Kiln

                     Ash
Bottom

Ash
Boiler

Ash
                                                        TCLP


                                                      £> Average
                                                                    S-1690
Cyclone
Ash
Figure  14.   Total  and average  metals concentrations in  ash  leachate,
                                    123

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     These high concentrations in the ash did not always yield a good mass
balance.  Outputs were greater than inputs by a factor of  10 for chromium
(Site 3), copper  (Site 1), and lead (Site 6) and by a factor of  100 for
copper  (Site 7).  Since process data were not gathered for Site  5 and all
streams were not  sampled for Sites 7 and 8, mass balance statements cannot be
accurately made for those sites.  To improve the representativeness of the
ash samples and better close a mass balance would require sampling and
analysis of other streams.
     Most of the  leachate measurements for antimony, arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, lead, selenium, silver, and thallium yielded measurements less than
detectable limits of nominally 0.1 to 0.05 mg/L of leachate.  All mercury
leachate measurements were less than 0.001 mg/L of leachate.
     APCE water effluents were analyzed for priority pollutant metals and the
results are shown in Table 56.  Two sites which most effectively limit
discharging a wastewater effluent, Sites 1 and 8, have the highest
concentration of  metals, 2375 mg/L and 51 mg/L, respectively.  By applying
the EP toxicity limits, the effluent for Site 1 would be considered hazardous
for cadmium (3.5  mg/L), chromium (11 mg/L), and lead (860 mg/L), while the
effluent from Site 8 would be considered hazardous for cadmium  (2.8 mg/L)  ,
lead (31 mg/L), and selenium (2.1 mg/L).
     Sites 4 and  10, which incinerate low metals content wastes, have only
0.4 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L, respectively, of priority pollutant metals in their
APCE effluents.   Sites with an apparent low recirculation rate,  such as
Site 9,  also appear to have a low metals concentration in the APCE effluent
(2.3 mg/L).
                                      124

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        TABLE 56.  CONCENTRATIONS OF PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS IN
                   APCE AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS. IN mg/L
Site number
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Total
1
0.1
0.2
<0.01
3.5
11
550
860
0.06
<0.02
0.09
<0.01
<0.01
950
2380
2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.04
<0.01
0.013
23
<0.01
<0.02
1.3
0.02
24.3
3
0.61
<0.01
<0.01
0.04
0.1
0.26
2.6
0.013
0.17
<0.01
0.04
16
16
35.7

<0
<0
<0
<0
0.
<0
<0
<0
0.
<0
<0
0.
0.
0.
4
.01
.01
.01
.01
06
.04
.01
.001
05
.01
.02
02
27
4
7
1.7
0.06
<0.01
0.08
0.28
0.64
2.6
<0.005
0.75
0.6
0.05
0.16 -
6.7
13.6

4.
0.
0.
2.
3.
2.
31
<0
1.
2.
0.
1.
1.
51
8.
1
4
01
8
8
2

.005
5
1
15
6
6
.3

<0
<0
<0
<0
0.
0.
0.
<0
0.
<0
0.
0.
0.
2.
9
.03
.1
.01
.01
27
46
38
.005
07
.1
61
31
16
26
10
0.13
<0.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.28
0.05
0.1
<0.005
0.48
0.2
<0.01
0.03
0.11
1.38
aHighest values used for aqueous effluent recirculated from two cooling
 ponds.
                                   125

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3.3  COMPARISON  OF  EP  TOXICITY  TEST  PROCEDURE  AND  TOXICITY  CHARACTERISTIC
     LEACHING  PROCEDURE
     A limited comparison  was made of  the  analytical  results  for priority
pollutant metals  obtained  from  residual  ash  leachates extracted by the  EP
toxicity test  procedure  and  toxicity characteristic  leaching  procedure.  In
this comparison,  the following  assumptions were made:
     •   Comparison is only  for metals,  since  analyses were not performed for
         the six  total herbicides and  pesticides associated with EPA
         hazardous waste numbers D012  through  D017;
     •   Only  data  sets  which included a metals concentration  greater than or
         equal to 0.2  mg/L were included;
     •   Data with  non-detected concentrations were  assumed to be at the
         minimum  detection level for that  metal;
     •   The small  incinerator  ash for Site  5  was  excluded  since leachates
         were  not generated  from the same  ash  sample.
     Data sets, as shown in  Table 57,  are  plotted  in  Figures  15 and 16.
Sufficient data does not exist  to make a definitive  metals-by-metals
comparison of the relative solubility  between  the  two leachate-producing
methods.  This is especially true for  beryllium, mercury, silver, and
thallium since none had  detected concentrations in either leachate of
0.2 mg/L minimum.  Based on  one data set for antimony and cadmium, the  EP
toxicity leachate contained  about a  third  more metals than  the TCLP leachate.
Based on two data sets for arsenic,  however, the TCLP leachate concentration
was about 0.2 mg/L while the EP toxicity leachate  contained less than
0.01 mg/L.  All five lead  data  sets  had  equal  or higher  concentrations  in the
TCLP leachate than in the  EP toxicity  leachate.
                                      126

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ro
                         TABLE 57.   PRIORITY POLLUTANT  METAL  LEACHATE CONCENTRATION DATA SETS,
                                      IN  (mg/L)/(mg/L)a,b
Site
number
1
2
3
3
4
5

5


6
7
8
6
9
Ash
description Antimony
Kiln ash
Kiln ash
Kiln ash
Boiler ash
Cyclone ash
Large
Incinerator
bottom ash
Small
Incinerator
bottom ash
Bottom ash
Bottom ash
Kiln ash 0.49/0.36
Bottom ash
Kiln ash
Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper
0.23/<0.0lb 0.10/0.22 8.6/16
3.7/7.9

8.6/6.7 0.03/0.36 31/21

0.98/0.20




1.9/0.64
13/11
0.22/<0.01 0.33/1.8
0.63/0.28
<0.02/0.67
Lead Nickel
2.3/3.5 0.49/0.45
6.9/6
0.79/13
4.4/4.5 20/13
0.18/0.22





3.3/12 0.33/0.49
0.11/0.60 13/4
0.42/0.71

<0. 07/0. 50 2/0.49
Selenium Zinc
0.14/0.42
0.2/0.05 1.8/2
0.17/1.4 27/300
<1/1.4 1400/1200
2.2/2.6





16/9.5
65/98
12/35
8.5/20
0.67/1.9
          •See text for data restrictions; no data Included for beryllium, mercury, silver, and thallium.
          °EP toxldty leachate concentration data/TCLP leachate concentration data.

-------
  1000
I
IB
O)
s
g
u
in
                                                             Arsenic

                                                             Chromium


                                                          O  Copper


                                                          Q  Lead


                                                             Selenium
     0.0
   O   •        i             10             Too


ftetals concentration in EP toxicity leachate,  mg/L
                                                                               1000
   Figure  15.  EP versus  TCLP leachate comparison  for arsenic, chromium,

                copper,  lead, and  selenium.
                                        128

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10,000
                                                           Antimony

                                                           Cadmium


                                                        O  Nickel


                                                        D  Zinc
                                                                                 9
                                                                                 ID
                                                                                 eo
    0.1
                  1              10            100            1,000


                  Hetals concentration in EP toxicity leachate, mg/L
                                                                            10,000
               EP versus TCLP leachate comparison  for antimony, cadmium,

                             zi.
                                       129
Figure  16.   EP versus  TCLP  le<
              nickel,  and zinc.

-------
     The other metals, chromium, copper, nickel, selenium, and zinc, each had
data sets which showed some higher metals concentration in the EP toxicity
leachate and other data sets with higher metals concentrations in the TCLP
leachate.  As shown in Figures  15 and  16, the estimated average curve
predicts equal solubility of metals  in both the EP toxicity and the TCLP
leachates.
                                      130

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                                  SECTION 4
                                 CONCLUSIONS
     Before using the data in this  report to establish  residue quality
criteria for land disposal of hazardous wastes,  a  number of questions need to
be considered concerning the representativeness, validity, and sample size of
the data collected under this program:
     •   Are the 10 sites sampled representative of  the whole population of
         hazardous waste incinerators,  in terms  of incinerator or APCE type?
     •   Are the hazardous waste fuels  at these  sites  representative of
         those typically burned at  other  sites?  Also,  at the sites tested,
         are the fuels burned during  our  visit typical  of those  burned at
         other times?
     •   How does the age and mode  of operation  of the  10 facilities tested
         compare with other hazardous waste  incinerators?
     •   Are the analyses of the solid  and liquid  residues from  the tested
         facilities accurate and therefore valid data?
     Of the 10 sites tested, 6 were rotary kilns.  3 were  fixed hearth,  and
1 was a fluidized bed design.  This distribution is  fairly representative  of
the present incinerator population.  However, the  10 incinerators  sampled  in
this program represent only 4 to 5  percent of the  current U.S. population  of
hazardous waste incinerators.  All  sites  had wet APCE  systems  (with the
                                      131

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exception of 2  sites  which  had  no controls but did have fuel  and firing
constraints).   None of  the  sites  tested had dry APCE.
     The wastes  burned  at all  hazardous waste incinerators vary greatly from
one site to the  next.   Some incinerators are dedicated to a manufacturing
plants' wastes,  while others  accept  wastes from most anyone.   Both kinds of
incinerators were tested  in this  program (five of each type).  The types of
wastes burned at these  sites  varied  greatly; however,  it is felt that a
representative  sample of  waste  types was burned for this program (with the
possible exception of chlorinated wastes).  It is unknown whether, at the
sites tested, the wastes  burned during our visit were  typical of those burned
at other times.
     Many of the incinerators  tested were rather old,  and sometimes did not
use state-of-the-art  equipment  and controls.  This fact may or may not
influence the effectiveness of  control  equipment.
     With the possible  exception  of  two metals, selenium (Se) and thallium
(Tl), the analyses performed  on the  solid and liquid residues met all
accuracy, precision,  and  completeness objectives set up at the start of the
program.  We, therefore,  feel  that the analytical results are accurate and
form a valid data base  on incinerator residue quality.
                                      132

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                                 APPENDIX A
                                QA/QC RESULTS

     Acurex prepared a QA plan for this project in August 1985 and issued a
revised plan in November 1985.  QA/QC results in each major area of the plan
are discussed below.
Sampling Procedures and Sample Custody
     Sampling and sample custody procedures, as outlined in the "Generic
Sampling and Analysis Protocol" dated August 1985 and in the revised QA plan,
were followed very closely at each site.  Only 3 persons were used to obtain
samples at the 10 sites, thus minimizing potential sampling procedure errors.
Each person was specifically trained on what sampling and sample custody
procedures to follow, and on what sample custody records to keep.
Analytical Procedures and Instrument Calibration
     The analytical instrument calibration procedures and frequency, outlined
in the November 1985 QA plan, were rigorously followed.  Also, in this plan,
was a summary of the analytical procedures employed in this study.  Most
procedures are taken from SW-846, second edition.
Data Validation
     All data have been reviewed and validated by the sampling person, the
chemistry analyst, the analytical laboratory technical manager, the project
engineer, and the project manager.  Details on validation procedures are
included with the QA plan.
                                     A-l

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Technical Systems Audit
     On November 22, 1985, EPA/HWERL's QA contractor, S-CUBED, performed a
technical systems audit of this study.  All sampling had been completed by
this date; thus, only the analytical portion of the project could be audited
in any detail.  The results of this audit are summarized in a separate
report.
Surrogate Recoveries
     Surrogate recovery objectives are listed in Table A-l.  Surrogates were
added only to those samples analyzed by a purge and trap technique; hence,
recoveries are only reported for those samples.  Surrogates were not added to
samples analyzed by direct injection.  Surrogate results are reported with
the chemistry labortory data in Appendix C.
     A total of 47 volatile organic analyses were performed with surrogates
added.  Surrogate recoveries were within an acceptable range for 118 of the
141 individual surrogate recoveries, for a completeness of 84 percent.
     A total of 55 semi volatile organic analyses were performed with
surrogates added.  Surrogate recoveries were within an acceptable range for
298 of the 330 individual surrogate recoveries for a completeness of
90 percent.
Check Sample, Method Blank, and Trip Blank Results
     Two sets (1 volatile, 1 semi volatile, and 1 metal sample per set) of
check samples were submitted for analysis.  All check samples were provided
by EPA/EMSL-Cinc1nnati, Ohio.  Each sample not only had an EPA ID number, but
also an Acurex sample ID number.  These samples are summarized in Table A-2.
                                     A-2

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       TABLE A-l.  SURROGATE RECOVERY OBJECTIVES
 Surrogate compounds
  Type of
  compound
  Acceptable
recovery ranges
   (percent)
l,2-dichloroethane-d4  Volatile
Toluene-dg
4-bromof1uorobenzene
2-fluorophenol
Phenol-ds
Nitrobenzene-ds
2-fluorobiphenyl
2,4,6-tri bromophenol
p-terphenyl-di4
Semi volatile
   77 to 120
   86 to 119
   85 to 121

   23 to 107
   15 to 96
   41 to 120
   44 to 119
   20 to 105
   33 to 128
              TABLE A-2.  CHECK SAMPLES
Check
sample
no.
1
2
3
4
5
EPA
ID no.
WP
WP
WP
WP
WP
WP
WP
1079
482,
881,
481,
483,
482,
881,
, Cone
Cone
Cone
Cone
Cone
Cone
Cone
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
Acurex
sample
no.
903359
903360
903361
903362
903128
903129
903130
Date
submitted
for analysis
9/19/85
9/19/85
9/19/85
11/19/85
11/19/85
Analysis
performed
Volatiles
Semivolatil
Metal s
Volatiles
Semivolatil


es


es
   WP 475, Cone 6    903127
         11/19/85
        Metals
                         A-3

-------
     Tables A-3 through A-8 compare the analytical results on the six samples
to their true values.  Table A-9 presents a summary of the accuracy and
completeness objectives from these measurements.
     Method blank results are reported with the chemistry laboratory data in
Appendix C.  All method blank corrections were either small  or nonexistent.
     Trip blanks were analyzed for volatiles for sites 9 and 10 only.  In
both cases, no volatiles were detected at a nominal detection level of
500 pg/L.
Field and Laboratory Duplicate Sample Results
     Duplicate samples were analyzed at sites 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9.  The
analytical results for these samples are shown in Tables A-10 through A-23.
 ^
The precision objectives for volatiles, semivolatiles, and metals are 50, 50,
and 20 percent relative standard deviation  (RSD), respectively.  Although a
precision objective was not formulated for  PCBs, a duplicate analysis was
performed and is reported with Site 1.
     A summary of completeness objectives for duplicate analyses is shown in
Table A-24.
QA/QC Discussion
     A review of the QA/QC analytical data  results in the following
conclusions as far as data quality is concerned:
     •   The selenium levels in the two metal check samples and  in the Site 8
         duplicate analysis do not meet the QA accuracy and precision
         objectives.  This leads to. the conclusion that the selenium analyses
         in the main report are suspect data  ("outliers").
                                      A-4

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                    TABLE A-3.   CHECK SAMPLE  NO.  1
Analytically
True determined

Organic compound
Chloromethane
Chloroethane
Methyl ene Chloride
1 , 1-Di chl oroethy 1 ene
Trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene
Carbontetrachl ori de
Bromodi chl oromethane
1,1 , 2-Tri chl oroethane
value
(wg/L)
6.5
9.4
15.8
11.3
45.0
15.0
18.0
15.8
value
(wg/L)
12
14
13
8
49
6
10
15
Accuracy
(percent)
+85
+49
-18
-29
+9
-60
-44
-5
Meets QA
accuracy
objective9

Yes
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

No





X


aQA accuracy objective is -50, +100 percent of true value.

  •   Duplicate thallium analyses at Sites 2 and 9 do not meet  the  QA
      precision objectives.  We have, therefore, labeled as  suspect the
      thallium analyses.
  •   The reported phthalate values for the two check samples are,  in most
      cases, lower than the true values.  It is unclear as  to why the
      reported values are lower.
  •   The discrepancies in the results of the duplicate analyses of
      Table A-17 have been attributed to the fact that the  sampling times
      of the two field duplicates differed by over 5-1/2 hours, and the
      incinerator may not have been at steady state.
                                  A-5

-------
                      TABLE  A-4.  CHECK SAMPLE NO. 2
Semi volatile compound
1 ,4-Di chl orobenzene
Bis (2-chloroisopropyl )ether
Hexachloroethane
Nitrobenzene
Naphthalene
Dimethyl phthalate
Acenaphthene
Fl uorene
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bromphenyl phenyl ether
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Chrysene
Bis (2-e hyl hexyl ) phthalate
Benzo (b) fluoranthene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene
Benzo (g,h,i) perylene
2-Chlorophenol
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol
2, 4-Dimethyl phenol
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
4-Chl oro-3-methyl phenol
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Analytically
True determined
value value
(ug/L) (yg/L)
24.8
38.8
30.0
76.5
24.8
40.0
19.5
51.2
76.7
41.5
40.0
29.8
51.3
69.9
29.1
40.0
24.9
40.7
80.4
30
50
100
30
50
25
75
250
75
50
13
30
15
56
19
15
15
42
63
36
37
24
21
71
24
37
21
38
70
23
45
74
22
39
18
66
510
78
54
Accuracy
(percent)
-48
-23
-50
-27
-23
-62
-23
-18
-18
-13
-8
-19
-59
+2
-18
-8
-16
-7
-12
-23
-10
-26
-27
-22
-28
-12
+104
+4
+8
Meets QA
accuracy
objective3
Yes No
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X





X






X













X


aQA accuracy objective is -50, +100 percent of true  value.
                                    A-6

-------
                     TABLE A-5.  CHECK SAMPLE NO.  3
Analytically
True determi ned

Metal
As
Be
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Hg
N1
Se
Zn
value
(mg/L)
235
235
39
261
339
435
8.7
207
50
418
value
(mg/L)
410
230
40
320
110
500
7
190
30
320
Accuracy
(percent)
+74
-2
+3
+23
-68
+15
-21
-8
-40
-23
Meets QA
accuracy
objective3

Yes

X
X
X

X
X
X

X

No
X



X



X

           aQA accuracy objective is ±30 percent of true  value.
                     TABLE A-6.  CHECK SAMPLE NO.  4




Organic compound
1,2-Dichloroethane
Chloroform
1,1, 1-Tri chl oroethane
1,1, 2-Tri chl oroethyl ene
Carbontetrachl oride
1,1, 2, 2-Tetrachl oroethyl ene
Bromodi chl oromethane
Di bromochl oromethane
Bromoform


True
value
(ug/L)
2.0
12.0
1.4
2.9
2.6
1.6
2.0
2.6
2.9

Analytically
determined
value
(wg/L)
<1
12
1.6
3.1
2.7
1.2
<1
2.2
1.7



Accuracy
(percent)
NA
0
+14
+7
+4
-25
NA
-15
-41
Meets QA
accuracy
objective3

Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
aQA accuracy objective is -50, +100 percent of true value.
                                   A-7

-------
                    TABLE A-7.  CHECK SAMPLE NO. 5
Semi volatile
Bis 2-chloroethyl ether
1 ,3-Di chl orobenzene
1 ,2-Dichl orobenzene
Ni trosodi propyl ami ne
Isophorone
Bis (2-chloroethoxy)methane
1 ,2 ,4-Tri chl orobenzene
Hexachl orobutadi ene
2-Chl oronaphthal ene
2 ,6-Di n i t rotol uene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Diethyl phthalate
Hexachl orobenzene
Phenanthrene
Di butyl phthalate
Pyrene
Benzo (a) anthracene
Dioctyl phthalate
Benzo (k) fluoranthene
2-Chlorophenol
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol
2, 4-Dimethyl phenol
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2 ,4 ,6-Tri chl orophenol
4-Chl oro-3-methyl phenol
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Pentachl orophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Analytically
True determined
value value
(wg/L) (ug/L)
48.2
52.0
24.7
34.8
76.7
48.6
25.3
49.6
25.4
76.5
73.8
25.1
35.7
40.2
24.9
60.2
73.9
43.9
45.7
300
250
250
150
250
250
225
750
375
250
42
28
14
22
56
36
14
14
16
70
68
<1
24
34
<1
72
68
30
78
220
200
190
130
190
200
220
1000
350
280
Accuracy
(percent)
-15
-46
-43
-37
-30
-26
-45
-71
-37
-8
-8
NA
-32
-15
NA
+20
-8
-32
+71
-27
-20
-24
-13
-24
-20
-2
+33
-7
+12
Meets QA
accuracy
objective3
Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
aQA accuracy objective is -50, +100 percent of true  value.
                                   A-8

-------
               TABLE A-8.  CHECK SAMPLE NO.  6
Analytically

Parameter
As
Be
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Hg
Ni
Se
Zn
True
value
(mg/L)
300
900
70
250
350
400
8.0
300
50
400
determined
value
270
940
60
250
290
200
8
210
70
110
Meets QA
accuracy
objective3
Accuracy
(percent)
-10
+4
-14
0
-17
-50
0
-30
+40
-70
Yes
X
X
X
X
X

X
X


No





X


X
X
   aQA accuracy objective is ±30 percent of true value
TABLE A-9.  SUMMARY OF CHECK SAMPLE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS
Accuracy



Analysis
tolatiles
Semivolatiles
Priority
pollutant
metals
Number of
measurements
meeting
accuracy
objective
14
52
14



Total
number of
measurements
17
58
20




Completeness
(percent)
82
90
70


Completeness


Completeness
QA objective
70
70
90




Meet QA
completeness
objective?
Yes
Yes
No


                             A-9

-------
      TABLE A-10.  SITE 1 FIELD DUPLICATE FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
Pollutant concentration



Priority pollutant
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,1-Dichloroethane
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane
Trichloroethene
1 , 1 ,2-Tri chl oroethane
Toluene
All other priority
pollutants
in Acurex

902438
(mg/L)
28
14
37
1200
12
93
8
<5

sample ID

902444
(mg/L)
32
18
47
1800
16
130
12
<5



Precision
(percent RSD)
7
13
12
20
14
17
20
0

Meets QA
precision
objective


Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

TABLE A-ll.
SITE 1 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE  902435  FOR
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
Pollutant
concentration
Priority pollutant
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Bi s ( 2-chl oroet hyl )ether
1 ,2-Di chl orobenzene
Hexachl orobutadi ene
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Bi s ( 2-ethyl hexyl )phthal ate
All other priority
pollutants
First
analysis
(ug/L)
4,300
11,000
1,700
1,700
13,000
660
720
<600
Second
analysis
(ug/L)
4,400
11,000
1,600
1,600
13,000
720
<600
<600
Precision
(percent RSD)
1
0
3
3
0
4
100
0
Meet QA
precision
objective
Yes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
No
X
                                 A-10

-------
TABLE A-12.
SITE 1 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902437
FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
                    Pollutant
concentration


Priority
pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 i um
Cadmi um
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Tha 1 1 i um
Zinc

First
analysis
(mg/L)
<0.01
0.11
<0.01
0.24
1.9
40
1.5
<0.005
1.9
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
39

Second
analysis
(mg/L)
<0.01
0.11
<0.01
0.31
1.9
37
1.5
<0.005
1.9
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
39


Precision
(percent RSD)
0
0
0
13
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Meet QA
precision
objective


Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
       TABLE A-13.  SITE 1 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX
                    COMPOSITE SAMPLE 902425, 26, AND 28
                    FOR PCBs
                            Specie
                        concentration
          PCB Specie
          First     Second
         analysis  analysis
         (yg/mL)   (ng/mL)
  Precision
(percent  RSD)
1242
1260
35,000
90,000
31,000
90,000
6
0
                               A-ll

-------
      TABLE A-14.  SITE 2 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX COMPOSITE
                   SAMPLE 902448, 50, AND 61 FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
                            Pollutant
                          concentration                     Meet QA
                                                           precision
                                                           objective
                         First     Second
                        analysis  analysis    Precision
                        UIIU I J J I J  UIIU I J 3 I 3    n Cl* I 3 I Ull
    Priority pollutant   (yg/L)    (yg/L)   (percent RSD)  Yes   No


    Chloroform            4100     4100           0         X
    All  other priority     <50      <50           0         X
      pollutants
    TABLE A-15.  SITE 2 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902447
                 FOR SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
                                Pollutant
                              concentration                     Meet QA
                             	                 precision
                                                               objective
                             Fi rst     Second                  	
                            analysis  analysis    Precision
    Priority pollutant       (yg/L)    (yg/L)   (percent RSD)  Yes   No
Phenol                         33        28           8         X
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate     32        12          45         X
All  other priority            <10       <10           0         X
  pollutants
                                   A-12

-------
TABLE A-16.
SITE 2 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902460
FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
Pollutant
concentration
Meet QA
precision
objective

Priority
pol 1 utant
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 i urn
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
First
analysis
(mg/L)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.04
<0.01
0.013
23
<0.01
<0.02
1.3
0.02
Second
analysis
(mg/L)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.04
<0.01
0.012
22
<0.01
<0.02
4.2
0.02

Precision
(percent RSD)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
53
0


Yes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X


No











X

    TABLE A-17.  SITE 4 FIELD DUPLICATE FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
Pollutant
concentration in
Acurex sample ID
Priority pollutant
Trans - 1 , 2-Di chl oroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Tri chl oroethene
Tetrachl oroethene
Tol uene
All other priority
pollutants
902646
(Mg/L)
600
32,000
6,800
14,000
1,200
5,000
<500
902663
(pg/L)
<500
<500
<500
<500
<500
6,400
<500
Meet QA
precision
objective
Precision
(percent RSD) Yes
100
100
100
100
100
12 X
0 X
No
X
X
X
X
X
                               A-13

-------
    TABLE A-18.  SITE 8 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX COMPOSITE
                 SAMPLE 902714, 15, AND 16 FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
                          Pollutant
                        concentration                     Meet  QA
                       	                 precision
                                                         objective
                       First     Second
                      analysis  analysis    Precision
  Priority pollutant   (yg/L)    (yg/L)   (percent RSD)   Yes    No
  Chloromethane         2500       750         54              X
  All  other priority    <500      <500          0         X
    pollutants
  TABLE A-19.  SITE 8 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902712
               FOR SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
                             Pollutant
                           concentration                     Meet QA
                          	                 precision
                                                            objective
                          First     Second
                         analysis  analysis    Precision
  Priority pollutant      (ug/L)    (ug/L)   (percent RSD)  Yes   No
All priority pollutants    <20       <20
                                 A-14

-------
  TABLE A-20.
SITE 8 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902713
FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
                      Pollutant
concentration

Priority
pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 i urn
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
First
analysis
(mg/L)
2.41
0.3
<0.01
1.5
1.9
1.2
6.0
<0.005
0.90
2.1
0.13
0.47
0.43
Second
analysis
(mg/L)
2.1
0.2
<0.01
1.5
2.0
1.2
6.3
<0.005
0.75
3.3
0.18
0.47
0.53
Meet QA
precision
objective
Precision
(percent RSD)
7
20
0
0
3
0
2
0
9
22
16
0
10

Yes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X

No









X



  TABLE A-21.  SITE 9 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902751
               FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
  Priority pollutant
                             Pollutant
                           concentration
                          First     Second
                         analysis  analysis
                                              Meet QA
                                             precision
                                             objective
                                Precision
                     (yg/L)   (percent RSD)  Yes   No
All priority pollutants   <500
                     <500
                                 A-15

-------
  TABLE A-22.  SITE 9 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902749
               FOR SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
                             Pollutant
                           concentration
  Priority pollutant
           First     Second
          analysis  analysis
           (ug/L)
                                              Meet QA
                                             precision
                                             objective
                   Precision
        (iig/L)    (percent  RSD)   Yes    No
All priority pollutants    <20
                      <20
  TABLE A-23.
SITE 9 LABORATORY DUPLICATE OF ACUREX SAMPLE 902750
FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANT METALS
       Priority
       pollutant
                      Pollutant
                    concentration
    First
   analysis
    (mg/L)
 Second
analysis
 (mg/L)
  Precision
(percent  RSD)
                                       Meet QA
                                      precision
                                      objective
Yes   No
       Antimony
       Arsenic
       Beryllium
       Cadmium
       Chromium
       Copper
       Lead
       Mercury
       Nickel
       Selenium
       Silver
       Thai 1i urn
       Zinc
    <0.03

    
-------
TABLE A-24.  SUMMARY OF DUPLICATE SAMPLE  PRECISION  AND  COMPLETENESS
i
t—•
-o
                                      Total
                                                      Number  of
                                                    measurements
                                                    not meeting
Analysis
                Total
Measurements    number     number of    QA precision  Completeness
 per sample   of samples  measurements   objective      (percent)
                                                                                Meet QA
                                                                              completeness
                                                                               objective
                                                                                Yes   No
Volatile
organic
compounds
27


5


135


6


96 X


Semi volatile
  organic
  compounds

Priority
  pollutant
  metals
              57
              13
                                           228
                                            52
                                                           99
                                                           94

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
 1. REPORT NO.
                              2.
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  CHARACTERIZATION  OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  INCINERATION
  RESIDUALS
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)

  Don Van Buren,  Gary Poe and Carlo  Castaldini
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 ' Acurex Corporation
  485 Clyde Avenue
  P.O. Box 7044
  Mountain View,  California 94039
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                68-03-3241
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
  Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
              EPA/600/12
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
  The Office of  Solid Waste and  Emergency Response  (OSWER-EPA)  is considering
  establishing a criterion for disposal  of waste or residue into the land.  This
  criterion is based on the achievement of residue  quality equivalent to that from
  effective incineration.  The purpose of this study was  to provide data oni.bhe ;quartti-
  ties and characteristics of solid and liquid discharges from  hazardous waste incinera-
  tion facilities.   A total of 10  facilities were sampled comprising major incineration
  designs and flue  gas treatment devices.  All inlet and  outlet liquid and solid  streams
  were sampled and  subjected to  extensive analyses  for  organic  and inorganic pollutant
  concentrations.   Laboratory analyses for solid discharge streams also included  leach-
  ate evaluations  using standard EPA toxicity tests for meta.14 ; and a draft TCLP  toxi-
  city procedure for volatile and  semivolatile organics and metals.  Monitored data  on
  incinerator facility operation was then used to determine the discharge rates of
  dectected pollutants.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                             COSATI Field/Group
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  Release to public.
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisRep,
  Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tltispage)

  Unclassified  	
                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«». 4-77)   pwivious EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------