EPA Chesapeake Bay Program
Final Report
Grant R805982-01-0
Appendices for
The Biogenic Structure of Lower
Chesapeake Bay Sediments
Appendix A. Species List
Appendix B. Species and abundance data for each station collected
during the 9/78, 4/79 and 6/79 sampling cruises.
Appendix C. Three-dimensional drawings representing distribution
and life style of organisms in a box core at each station.
Appendix D. Selected radiographs
Appendix E. Station description with visual observations, x-ray
description and important biogenic species.
Appendix F. Description of the biogenic structures of some of the
common and important macrobenthic organisms found in
the lower Chesapeake Bay.
-------
600R791 1 1
EPA Chesapeake Bay Program
Final Report
Grant R805982-01-0
Appendices for
The Biogenic Structure of Lower
Chesapeake Bay Sediments
Appendix A. Species List
Appendix B. Species and abundance data for each station collected
during the 9/78, 4/79 and 6/79 sampling cruises.
Appendix C. Three-dimensional drawings representing distribution
and life style of organisms in a box core at each station.
Appendix D. Selected radiographs
Appendix E. Station description with visual observations, x-ray
description and important biogenic species.
Appendix F. Description of the biogenic structures of some of the
common and important macrpbenthic organisms found, in
the lower Chesapeake Bay.
CB 00642
appendices
I
-------
L/r;
Appendix A
Species List
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Hydrozoa
Sertularia argenta
Class Anthozoa
Anthozoa sp.
Family Edwardsiidae
Edwardsia elegans
Family Cerianthidae
Ceriantheopsis americanus
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Turbellaria
Turbellarians
Phylum Rhynehocoela
Class Anopla
Family Tubulanidae
Tubulanus pellucidus
Family Lineidae
Cerebratulus lacteus
Nemertea sp.
Class Enopla
Family Amphiporidae
Amphiporus bioculatus
Amphiporus sp.
Phylum Ectoprocta
Class Gymnolaemata
Family Walkeriidae
Aeverrillia armata
Family Membraniporidae
Membranipora sp.
Family Electridae
Electra crustulenta
Phylum Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
Phylum Mollusca
Class Pelecypoda
Family Nuculidae ,, ,.
Nucula proxima ^ i>. c.'*<.':!"(."'
Family Nuculanidae C^itni
Yoldia limatula QC-I
Family Arcidae f<
Anadara ovalis ^-.nn.;pc>
Anadara transversa
Family Mytidae
Mytilus edulis
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Mollusca (continued)
Family Leptonidae sp.
Family Montaculidae
Aligena elevata
Family Lucinidae
Lucina multilineata
Family Veniridae
Gemma gemma
Mercenaria mercenaria
Pitar morrhuana
Family Mactridae
Mulinia lateralis
Family Tellinidae
Macoma mitchilli
Macoma balthica
Tellina agilis
Family Solenidae
Ensis directus
Family Myacidae
Mya arenaria
Family Lyonsiidae
Lyonsia hyalina
Family Pandoridae
Pandora trilineata
Class Gastropoda
Family Caecidae
Caecum pulchelum
Family Calyptraeidae
Crepidula plana
Family Naticidae
Natica pusilla
Family Columbellidae
Anachis translirata
Mitrella lunata
Family Melongenidae
Busycon carica
Family Nassaridae
Nassarius trivittatus
Family Turridae
Mangelia cerina
Family Pyramidellidae
Odostomia impressa
Odostomia sp.
Turbonilla interrupta
Turbonilla stricta
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Mollusca (continued)
Family Acteonidae
Acteon punctostriatus
Family Retusidae
Retusa canaliculata
Family Scaphandridae
Cylichna alba
Family Corambidae
Doridella obscura
Family Gratenidae
Cratena kaoruae
Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta
Family Polygordiidae
Polygordius sp.
Family Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce arenae
Phyllodoce mucosa
Paranaitis speciosa
Eteone heteropoda
Family Polynoidae
Lepidametria commensalis
Lepidonotus sublevis
Harmothoe extenuata
Harmothoe sp. A
Family Chrysopetalidae
Bhawania goodei
Paleahotus heteroseta
Family Glyceridae
Glycera americana
Glycera dibranchiata
Glycera robusta
Family Goniadidae
Goniadella gracilis
Glycinde solitaria
Family Nephtyidae
Nephtys incisa
Nephtys picta
Aglaophamus circinata
Family Syllidae
Brania wellfleetensis
gyllis cornuta
Procerea cornutus
Family Hesionidae
Gyptis brevipalpa
Podarke obscura
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Annelida (continued)
Family Pilargidae
Ancistrosyllis hartmanae
A. jonesi
Sigambra tentaculata
Sigambra sp.
Cabira incerta
Pilargis sp. A
Family Nereidae
Nereis succinea
Westerinereis tridentata
Family Capitellidae
Capitellidae sp. A
Capitellidae sp. B
Heteromastus filiformis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Notomastus sp.
Family Maldanidae sp.
Asychis elongata
Praxillela gracilis
Clymenella torquata
Clymenella zonalis
Family Ophelidae
Travisia carnea
Family Spionidae
Spio filicornis
Spio setosa
Scolecolepides viridis
Prionospio cirrifera
Prionospio pygmaea
Prionospio cirrobranchiata
Paraprionospio pinnata
Polydora ligni
Polydora socialis
Streblospio benedicti
Spiophanes bombyx
Spiophanes wigelyi
Family Paraonidae
Aricidea fragilis
Aricidea wassi
Aricidea catherinae
Aricidea suecica
Family Chaetopteridae
Chaetopterus variopedatus
Spiochaetopterus oculatus
Family Sabellaridae
Sabellaria vulgaris
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Annelida (continued)
Family Onuphidae
Onuphis eremita
Diopatra cuprea
Family Eunicidae
Marphysa sanguinea
Family Arabellidae
Arabella iricolor
Drilonereis longa
Drilonereis magna
Family AmphinomidaG.
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Family Magelonidac
Magelona sp.
Magelona rosea
Family Orbinidae
Scoloplos rubra
Scoloplos robustus
Scoloplos foliosus
Scoloplos acutus
Scoloplos fragilis
Family Cirratulidae
Cirratulus grandis
Tharyx sp.
Family Oweniidae
Owenia fusiformis
Family Pectinariidae
Pectinaria gouldii
Family Ampharetidae
Asabellides oculata .
Family Terebellidae
Amphitrite ornata
Loimia medusa
Polycirrus eximius
Family Sabellidae
Sabella microphthalma
Class Oligochaete
Oligochaete sp.
Phylum Arthropoda
Subclass Ostracoda
Ostracod sp.
Subclass Malacastraca
Order Cumacea
Family Leuconidae
Leucon americanus
Family Diastylidae
Oxyurostylis smithi
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Arthropoda (continued)
Order Isopoda
Family Anthuridae
Cyathura polita
Ptilanthura tenuis
Family Idoteidae
Chiridotea caeca
Edotea triloba
Erichsonella filiformis
Order Amphipoda
Family Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca abdita
Ampelisca vadorum
Ameplisca verrilli
Family Corophiidae
Corophium tuberculatum
Ericthonius brasiliensis
Unciola irrorata
Unciola serrata
Unciola dissimilis
Family Gammaridae
Gammarus mucronatus
Elasmopus laevis
Melita nitida
Family Lilljeborgiidae
Idunella sp.
Listriella clymenellae
Family Oediarotidae
Monoculodes edwardsi
Family Photidae
Photis dentata
Leptocheirus plumulosus
Family Phoxocephalidae
Trichophoxus epistomus
Family Pleustidae
Pleusymtes glaber
Family Stenothoidae
Parametopella cypris
Family Caprellidae
Caprella penantis
Paracaprella tenuis
Order Mysidacea
Family Mysidae
Neomysis americana
Order Decapoda
Family Ogyrides
Ogyrides limicola
-------
Appendix A Species List (continued)
Phylum Arthropoda (continued)
Family Crangonidae
Crangon septemspinosa
Family Upogebiidae
Upogebia affinis
Family Callianassidae
Callianassa atlantica
Family Paguridae
Pagurus longicarpus
Family Majidae
Libinia dubia
Family Xanthidae
Neopanope texana sayi
Family Pinnotheridae
Pinnixa retinens
Pinnixa chaetopterana
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Ophiuroidea
Family Ophiodermatidae
Micropholis atra
Class Holothuroidea
Family Cucumariidae
Thyone briareus
Phylum Chordata
Class Ascidiacea
Family Botryllidae
Botryllus schlosseri
Family Molgulidae
Molgula manhattensis
-------
Appendix B
Species and Abundance data for each station collected
during the 9/78, A/79, and 6/79 sampling cruises
-------
Station 26
9-78
Box core section (cm)
Taxon
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis 8
Retusa canaliculata 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 86 1*
Edotea triloba 2
Leucon americanus 86 . 1*
Polychaeta
Glycinde solitaria 2
Loimia medusa 1
Nereis succinea 3
Paranaitis speciosa 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 7
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 27 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Retusa canaliculata
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Listriella clymenellae
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis hartmanae
Clymenella torquata
Glycera dibranchiata
Glycinde solitaria
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Spiophanes sp.
Spionidae
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
6
2 1*
1 1
1
2
1 1
1
5
1 46
1
1
1
'* contamination from surface
-------
Station 28 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Anadara transversa
Crustacea
Pinnixa retinens
Polychaeta
Chaetopterus variopedatus
Clymenella torquata
Glycera dibranchiata
Glycinde solitarla
Maldanidae sp.
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
0-5
2
1
1
1
3
5-10 10-15 15-20 20-28
1
1
1
1
6
1 1 9 19
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
-------
Station 29 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus 1 1
Mollusca
Ensis directus 1
Mulinia lateralis 2
Odostomia impressa 1
Retusa canaliculata 4
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 5 2*
Ampelisca verrilli 6 3*
Cyanthura polita 1
Ostraced 2
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis hartmanae 1
Drilonereis longa 1
Glycera dibranchiata 5 1
Loimia medusa 1
Orbiniidae sp. 2
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 2
Scoloplos rubra 2
Terebellidae sp. 1
Tharyx sp. 1
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. 5
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 30 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus
Bivalve sp.
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdlta
Edotea triloba
Leucon americanus
Mellta nit Ida
Neomysis americana
Os traced
Polychaeta
Glycinde solitaria
Loimia medusa
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
1
1
3,080 6* 6* 3*
19
5
1
1
3
2
21-
25 1
1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 31
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15
Polychaeta
Prionospio sp. 1*
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 32
9-78
Taxon
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
Mollusca
Anadara transversa 2
Retusa canaliculata 1
1*
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 7
Leucon americanus 1
Listriella clymenellae 1
Ostracod 1
Polychaeta
Clymenella sp.
Glycera dibranchiata 1
Orbiniidae sp. 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 3
Pectinarla gouldii 2
Praxillela gracilis
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Sigambra tentaculata
1*
1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 33 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40
Crustacea
Unciola irrorata 3*
Polychaeta
Nereis succinea 2
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1
* contamination from surface.
-------
Station 34
9-78
Taxon
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-21
Mollusca
Odostomia sp. 1
Retusa canaliculata 5
Crustacea
Neomysis americana 1
Pinixa retinens
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis sp.
Glycinde solitaria 5
Maldanidae sp. 1
Nereis succinea 1
Orbiniidae sp. 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 12
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1
-------
Station 35 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-38
Mollusca
Anachis translirata 1
Anadara transversa 2 ,
Retusa canaliculata 61*
Turbonilla interrupta 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 20 1*
Corophium sp. 1
Listriella clymenellae 1
Neomysis americana 1*
Ostracod 2
Pinnixa chaetopterana 1
?_. retinens 1
Polychaeta
Clymenella torquata 3 1
Glycera americana 1
Goniadidae sp. 1
Harmothoe sp. A 1
Nephtyidae sp. 1
Notomastus sp. 1
Paleanotus heteroseta 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 2
Pectinaria gouldii 5 1
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1 21
Echinodermata
Micropholis atra 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 36 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
Mollusca
Anadara transversa 76
Retusa canaliculata 3 1*
Turbonilla interrupta .1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 5
Ampelisca vadorum 3
Ampelisca verrilli 5 4
Corophium tuberculatum 3
Edotea triloba 1
Ostracod 3
Polychaeta
Ampharetidae 1
Cirratulidae sp. 2
Nephtyidae sp. 1
Nereis succinea 8
Paraprionospio pinnata 1
Pectinaria gouldii 1
Polygordius sp. 1
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1 11
Sabellaria vulgaris 16
Tharyx sp. 3
Ascidacea
Molgula manhattensis 9
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 37 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-18.5
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis 2
Crustacea
Neomysis americana 6 1*
Polychaeta
Ampharetidae sp. 11
Ancistrosyllis hartmanae 1
A. jonesi 1
Bhawansa goodesi 1
Drilonereis longa 1
Glycera dibranchiata 1 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 3
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 4 2
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 38 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-51
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis 2
Crustacea
Ostracod sp. 1*
Polychaeta
Glycera americana 1
Glycinde solitaria 1
Loimia medusa 1 1
Paleonotus heteroseta 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 183
Pectinaria gouldii 53
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1
-------
Station 39 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
Mollusca
Turbonilla interrupta 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca verrilli 2
Callianassa atlantica 1
Pinnixa chaetopterana 1 1
Plnnotheridae sp. 1
Ptilanthura tenuis 3
Trichophoxus epistomus 2 1* 1*
Polychaeta
Arabellidae sp. 1
Cirratulidae sp. 1
Glycera dibranchiata 1
Glycera sp. 11 1
Nephtys sp. 2
Orbiniidae sp. 1
Paleanotus heteroseta 1
Paraonidae 1
Phyllodocidae 1
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1
Echinodermata
Micropholis atra 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 40 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus
Anadara trans versa
Busycon carica
Ens is directus
Odostomia impressa
Ret us a canaliculata
Crustacea
Ampelisca verrilli
Anthuridae sp.
Listriella clymenellae
Pinnotheridae sp.
Unciola irrorata
Polychaeta
Amphinomidae sp.
Capitellidae
Glycera americana
Harmothoe sp. A
Maldanidae sp.
Nereis succinea
Paleanotus heteroseta
Phyllodocidae
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
0-5
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-33
1*
1
1*
1 1
1
1
1
1 2 1 1
1
1 '
11 21
Echinodennata
Micropholis atra
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
Ascidacea
Molgula manhattensis
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 41
9-78
Taxon
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-24
Mollusca
Anadara transversa
Odostomia sp.
Crustacea
Ampeliscidae sp.
11
1
2*
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis sp.
Heteromastus filiformis
Maldanidae sp.
Nereis succinea
Paleanotus heteroseta
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Spionidae sp.
1
1
1
6
1
1
4
2111 1
4
1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 42 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Anadara transversa
Mulinia lateralis
Yoldia limatula
Polychaeta
Glycera americana
Maldanidae
Nephtys picta
Nereidae
Paleanotus heteroseta
Phyllodocidae
Pilargidae
Pilargis sp. A
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Sigambra sp.
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-36
1
1
1
1
31.1 1
4
1 ;
2 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
-------
Station 43 9-78
Taxon
Mollusca
Aligena elevata
Nucula proxima
Retusa canaliculata
Yoldia limatula
Polychaeta
Capitellidae sp.
Harmothoe sp. A
Maldanidae sp.
Nephtys sp.
Orbiniidae sp.
Paleanotus heteroseta
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pilargidae sp.
Praxillella gracilis
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Sigambra tentaculata
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-24
1
1 ' '.....
1
1
1
1
1
2 1
1
1
3
1
1
11 1
1
Echinodermata
Micropholis atra
-------
Station 44 9-78!
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-13
I
Mollusca .'
Acteon- punctostriatus 2 ;
Mangelia cerina 1 ?
Mulinia lateralis 6
Natica pusilla 1 ,
Retusa canaliculata 57 i
Tellina agilis 2 ;
Turbonilla interrupta 1
i
Crustacea i
Neomysis americana 1 ;
Ostraced 1
Oxyurostylis smith! 2
Polychaeta |
Arabellidae 1
Glycera dibranchiata 1 2
Glycera sp. 7 1
Glycinde solitaria 1
Maldanidae 1
-------
Station 45 9-78
Taxon
Molluscs
Busycon carica
Polychaeta
Ampharetidae sp.
Glycera americana
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos robustus
Tharyx sp.
0-5
1
1
4
5-10 10-15 15-20
1
3 1
1
1
20-27
2
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
-------
Station 46 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-18
Mollusca
Odostomia sp. 1
Pitar morrhuana 1
Retusa canaliculata 1
Tellina agilis 1
Turbonilla interrupta 6 1*
Yoldia limatula 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 7
Libinia dubla 1
Paguridae sp. 1
Unciola serrata 1*
Upogebia affinis 1
Polychaeta
Glycera.americana 1
Glycinde solitaria 1
Glycinde sp. 2
Heteromastus filiformis 1
Asychis elongata 1
Paleanotus heteroseta 2
Pectinaria gouldii 1 1
Pseud'oeurythoe ambigua 11 1
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus 1
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. 1
Echinodermata
Mlcropholis atra 1
* Contamination from surface
-------
Station 47 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-38
Mollusca
Retusa canaliculata 11
Tellina agilis 1
Turbonilla stricta 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita 1
Ostracod sp. 1
Oxyurostylis smith! I
Pinnixa chaetopterana 11
Polychaeta
Aglaophamus circinata 2
Glycinde solitaria 1
Goniadidae sp. 1
Maldanidae sp. 1 2
Orbiniidae sp. 1 .
Paraprionospio pinnata 21
Spionidae sp. 1
Tharyx sp. 1
Terebellidae sp. 1
Phoronida
Phoronis 1
-------
Station 48
9-78
Taxon
0-5
5-10
10-18
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis 2
Odostomia sp. 1
Retusa canallculata 20
Tellina agilis 1
Crustacea
Ostracod sp. 1
Polychaeta
Glycinde solitaria 3
Loimia medusa 3
Paraprionospio pinnata 7
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
1
1
-------
Station 49
9-78
Taxon
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
Mollusca
Acteori punctostriatus
Cylichna alba 3
Macoma balthlca 1
Mulinia lateralis 1
Retusa canaliculata 5
Yoldia limatula 1
1*
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Listriella clymenellae
Upogebia affinis
Polychaeta
Aricidea fragilis
Glycinde solitaria
Maldanidae sp.
Paleanotus heteroseta
Paraprionospio pinnata
Tharyx sp.
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
1
3
1
1
1
1*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 50 9-78
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-22
Mollusca
Tellina agilis 3
Polychaeta
Arabellidae sp. Ill 2
Cirratulidae sp. 1
Drilonereis longa 2 1
Glycera dibranchiata 1
jG. robusta 2
j3. sp. 1
MageIona sp. . 1
Orbiniidae sp. 1
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua 1
Scoloplos rubra 1
Spionidae sp. 1
-------
Station 76 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria sp. . (a)** 5 1
Nemertea
Amphiporus bioocculatus 41 1
Amphiporus sp. 3
Cerebratulus lacteus (b) 1
Mollusca
Macoma balthica (c) 20 4
Mulinia lateralis (d) 15
Mya arenaria (e) 24
Odostomia sp. (f) 6
Tellinidae sp. 2
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (g) 1106 15 15* 21* 9* 1* 3*
Edotea triloba (h) 3
Gammarus mucronatus (i) 130 1 3* 4* 1*
Leucon americanus (j) 4
Melita nitIda (k) 103 5 3* 2*
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda (1) 3
Glycera americana 1
Glycera dibranchiata (m) 1
Glycinde solitaria (n) 84
Heteromastus filiformis (o) 13 3
Mediomastus ambiseta (v) 2 2
Nereis succinea (p) 270 3312
Paraprionospio pinnata (q) 5
Pectinaria gouldii (r) 58 1 1* 1*
Polydora ligni (s) 141
Scolecolepides viridis (t) 2
Scoloplos fragilis 21
Streblospio benedicti (u) 305 1 10* 6*
Oligochaeta sp. 51
dead Hydroid mat (m) P
* contamination from surface
v**ietters refer to drawings in Appendix JC_
-------
Station 77 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30
Ectoprocta
Membranipora sp.
Mollusca
Anadara trans versa
Lyons ia hyalina
Macoma balthica
Mulinia lateralls
Mya arenaria
Odostomia sp.
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Crangon septemspinosa
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis jonesi
Clymenella torquata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana
Harmothoe extenuata
Hesionidae sp.
Nereis succinea
Pectinaria gouldil
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Oligochaeta sp.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
(m)
(n)
(P)
(q)
(r)
1
1
16
1
3
1
14
14
2
2
17
1
1*
1
1
1
2
1
1 1*
1 - 3
7 1
1
1* 1*
1
1*
1
1*
1*
1
1*
6 14 6
1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 78
6-79
Taxon
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Nemertea
Amphiporus bioculatus (a) 6
Amphiporus sp. 2
Mollusca
Macoma balthica (b) 8
Mulinia lateralis (c) 10
Mya arenaria (d) 6
Odostomia sp. (e) 2
Retusa canaliculata (f) 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Edotea triloba
Gammarus mucronatus
Leucon americanus
Melita nitida
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
1837
12
28
345
73
62
1
1
3
2
30*
2*
3*
17*
1*
1*
6*
2* 3*
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata (1) 1
Capitellidae sp. 5
Eteone heteropoda (m) 42
Heteromastus filiformis (n) 7
Mediomastus ambiseta (o) 4
Nereis succinea (p) 55
Paraprionospio pinnata (q) .10
Pectinaria gouldii (r) 21
Polydora ligni (s) 8
Scoloplos fragilis (t) 1
Streblospio benedicti (u) 425
Oligochaeta sp. 1
2
1
2
5
2
1
1*
1
13*
3*
1*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 79 6-79
Taxon
Mollusca
Macoma balthica
M. mitchilli
Mulinia lateralis
Retusa canaliculata
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
0-2
1
1
6
1
2-5
1
1
5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (e)
Polychaeta
Ancistrosyllis jonesi
Asabellides oculata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycinde solitaria
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos acutus
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Oligochaeta sp.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
1
2
12 1*
10 1
4 1
11 14 5
3 10
2
55 1
2
1
1*
1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 80 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria sp. (a) 1
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus (b) 12
Mollusca
Macoma balthica (c) 79
Mulinia lateralis (d) 27 2 1*
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (e) 80 2 8* 4*
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda (f) 7
Glycera dibranchiata (g) 1
Glyceridae sp. 1
Glycinde solitaria (h) 1
Heteromastus filiformis (i) 9 26 7
Nereis succinea (k) 14
Paraprionospio pinnata (1) 15
Pectinaria gouldii (m) 64 13*
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (n) 1
Scolecolepides viridis (o) 1
Scoloplos fragilis (p) 2 2
Streblospio benedicti (q) 198 1 2* 2*
Oligochaeta sp. 4 3
r - dead hydroid mat
-------
Station 81 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria sp. (a) 2 9 1 1*
Nemertea
Amphiporus bioculatus (b) 1
Nemertea sp. 1
Mollusca
Lyonsia hyalina (c) 1
Mulinia lateralis (d) 19
Mya arenaria (e) 1
Retusa canaliculata (f) 2
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (g) 1
Edotea triloba 1 1*
Leucon americanus (h) 6 1*
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda (i) 41 2*
Glycinde solitaria (j) 1 1
Gyptis brevipalpa 1
Heteromastus filiformis (k) 2
Loimia medusa (1) 13 1
Nereis succinea (m) 3
Paraprionospio pinnata (n) 2 1*
Pectinaria gouldii (o) 665 12 15 9* 1* 1*
Polydora ligni (p) 1 2
Pseudeqrythoe ambigua (q) 7 10
Scoioplos fragilis (r) 5
Streblospio beriedicti (s) 8
Oligochaeta sp. (t) 5 6
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 82 6-79
Taxon
Mollusca
Ensis directus
Macoma balthica
Mulinia lateralis
Mytilus edulis
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Ganmarus mucronatus
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata
Eteone heteropoda
Heteromastus filiformis
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Streblospio benedicti
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
(m)
(n)
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30
1
1
3
2
9
3
2
3
3
2 1
1 1
18
1
152 1
-------
Station 83 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus (a) 1
Mollusca
Macoma balthica (b) 22
M. mitchelli . (c) 1 2
Mulinia lateralis (d) 24 1
Mya arenaria (e)
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (f) 12
Leptocheirus plumulesus (g) 1
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda (h) 2
Glycinde solitaria > (i) 23 3
Heteromastus filiformis (j) 1 1
Loimia medusa (k) 1 1
Mediomastus ambiseta (1) 23
Nereis succinea (m) 21 1 1 1
Paraprionospio pinnata (n) 1 9 13 2
Pectinaria gouldii (o) 33
Polydora ligni 2
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (p) 1
Streblospio benedict! (q) 120 7 1
-------
Station 84 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus (a) .1
Nemertea frag. 2
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus 1
Cratena kaoruae (c) 3
Ensis directus (d) 11
Lyonsia hyalina (e) 53 7
Mulinia lateralis (f) 421 14 8* 1* 1* 3*
Mya arenaria (g) 4
Retusa canaliculata (h) 5 2* 1*
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (i) 53 2
Corophium tuberculatum (j) 5
Leucon americanus (k) 11
Ljstriella clymenellae (1) 1
Qxyurostylis smithi (m) 1
Paracaprella tenuis (n) 2
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata (o) 30
Clymenella torquata (p) 11
Eteone heteropoda (q) 36 1*
Glycinde solitaria (r) 13 .
Mediomastus ambiseta (s) 140 1
Nereis succinea (t) 26 5
Paraprionospio pinnata (u) 8 19 4 1*
Pectinaria gouldii (v) 163 15 4 3* 2*
Polydora ligni (w) 3
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (x) 34 1 3
Scoloplos fragilis (y) 112
Sigambra tentaculata (z) 11 22 1
Streblospio benedicti (aa) 229 5 3* 1*
Tharyx sp. (bb) 1
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (cc) 1
* contamination from surface
(b) Cerianthus americanus in dissecting core
-------
Station 85 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Nemertea
Amphiporus bioculatus (a) 1
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis
Retusa canaliculata
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Crangon septemspinosa
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana
Glycinde solitaria
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos fragilis
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedict!
Oligochaeta sp.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
Cm)
(n)
(o)
(P)
69
9
22
1
26
2
1
45
1
11
2
1*
3
1
1
2
1*
1 1
3 3
4
1 1
2 .
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 86 6-79
Taxon
Mollusca
Mulinia lateralis
Crustacea
Leucon americanus
Polychaeta
Eteone heteropoda
Pectinaria gouldii
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30
82
2
10
3 1
Streblospio benedict! (e) 22 2
-------
Station 87 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-45
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria sp. (a) 2 1
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus 1
Ensis directus (b) 61
Lyonsia hyalina (c) 18 4
Mya arenaria (d) 4
Mulinia lateralis (e) 1107 44 19*
Odostomla sp. (f) 11 1
Retusa canaliculata (g) 71
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (h) 1
Leucon americanus (i) 4
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata (j) 3
Cabira incerta (k) 1
Eteone heteropoda (1) 10 1
Glycera americana (m) 1
Glycinde solitaria (n) 7 1
Lepidametria commensalis (o) 1
Loimia medusa (p) 2
Mediomastus ambiseta (q) 50
Nereis succinea (r) 1
Paraprionospio pinnata (s) 17 39 9 1
Pectinaria gouldii (t) 628 39 12 1* 3*
Polydora ligni (u) 1
Scoloplos fragilis (v) 113 1
Sigambra tentaculata (w) 963
Streblospio benedicti (x) 84 4 1*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 88 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (a) 11
Mollusca
Aligena elevata (b) 1
Ensis directus (d) 3 2
Lyonsia hyalina (e) 11
Mulinia lateralis (f) 161 4 1*
Mya arenaria (g) 1
Retusa canaliculata (h) 2
Tellina agilis (i) 1
Turbonilla interrupta (j) 2
Yoldia limatula (k) 1
1* 2*
1* 1*
1 1*
1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Corophium tuberculatum
Crangon septemspinosa
Erichthonius brasiliensis
Leucon americanus
Listriella clymenellae
Ogyrides limicola
Paracaprella tenuis
Photis dentata
(D
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
10
9
3
10
11
4
1
4
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata
Asychis elongata
Clymenella torquata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana
Glyceridae sp.
Glycinde solitaria
Gyptis brevipalpa
Heteromastus filiformis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Prionospio cirrifera
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos fragilis
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
(88)
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(ID
(mm)
5
4
3
7
42
2
28
142
8
17
2
2
132
2
2
37
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
-------
Station 88 6-79 (continued)
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Ascidiacea
Molgula manhattensis (nn) 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 89 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30
Nemertea :
Tubulanus pellucidus (a) 111
Ectoprocta
Membranipora sp. P
Mollusca
Aligena elevata (b) 5 5 1 2
Anadara transversa (c) 16 1* 2* 3*
Ensis directus (d) 1
Lyonsia hyalina (e) 9 2*
Mitrella lunata 1
Mulinia lateralis (f) 5
Mya arenaria (g) 1
Nucula proxima 1
Retusa canaliculata (h) 16 1
Tellina agilis (i) 3 1
Turbonilla interrupta (j) 9
Yoldia limatula (k) 6
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (1) 26 2 2* 6* 2*
Ampelisca vadorum 1
Ampelisca verrilli (m) 1
Caprella penantis (n) 63 25* 11* 15* 10* 33*
Corophium tuberculatum (o) 2*
Edotea triloba (p) 5 1* 1*
Erichthonius brasiliensis (q) 26 1* 1* 1*
Erichsonella filiformis 1 1*
Gammarus mucronatus (r) 1* 1*
Listriella clymenellae (s) 77 3 4
Ostracod sp. 1
Polychaeta
Arabella iricolor (t) 1
Arabellidae sp. 1
Asabellides oculata (u) 3
Bhawania goodei (v) 32 1
Cabira incerta (w) 1 1
Capitellidae sp. 1
Clymenella torquata (x) 80 51 11 5 4 5
Clymenella zonalis (y) 19 8 3 3 1
Glycera americana (z) 15 1
Glycinde solitaria (aa) 11 1*
-------
Station 89 6-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Gyp t is brevipalpa
Harmothoe extenuata
Heteromastus filiformis
Maldanidae sp.
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
Owenia fusiformis
Paranaitis speciosa
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldi
Phyllodoce mucosa
Polydora ligni
Prionospio cirrifera
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
(gg)
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(nnn)
(nn)
(oo)
0-2
1
62
34
3
1
2
8
287
1
37
37
6
1
233
2-5
2.
39
3
24
2
15
1
1
128
7*
5
33
5-10
7
5
1
10
30
1*
2
.4*
3
10-15
1
1
1
6*
1*
33
7*
15-20
2
1
2*
1*
34
7*
1
20-30
1
1
2
2*
2*
8*
38
13*
2
Oligochaete sp.
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
Ascidiacea
Molgula manhat tens is
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 90 6-79
Taxon 0-5 5-10 10-18
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus (a) 1
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (b)
Mollusca
Aligena elevata
Ens is directus
Lyonsia hyalina
Mulinia lateralis
My a arenaria
Tellina agilis
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Chiridotea caeca
Erichthonius brasiliensis
Monoculodes edwardsi
Oxyurostylis smithi
Trichophoxus epistomus
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata
Glycera americana
Heteromastus filiformis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nephtyidae sp.
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scolecolepides viridis
Scolelepis squamata
Scoloplos fragilis
Scoloplos rubra
Spiophanes bombyx
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
Travisia carnea
Oligochaete sp.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
4
19
9
27
2
3
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
22
2
9
1
1
1
2
1
3
194
22
21
1
87
9
4
1
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
77
4
12
3
1
2
1
1*
1
7
2
35*
2
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 91 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (a)
4
1 11 7
2
1
19 5 1 2
5
44 2*
1
37
3
12 1*
20
3
4
15
29 1*
6 1*
7
4
3242
1
7
1*
1
3
1 1
1 1
1
2
3 1 12
2235 4
1
9624 5
1
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus
Aligena elevata
Anadara transversa
Caecum pulchellum
Ensis directus
Lucina multilineata
Lyonsia hyalina
Mercenaria mercenaria
Mulinia lateralis
Nucula proxima
Retusa canaliculata
Tellina agilis
Turbonilla interrupta
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Ampelisca verrilli
Callianassa atlantica
Caprella penantis
Corophium tuberculatum
Erichthonius brasiliensis
Gammarus mucronatus
Listriella clymenellae
Monoculodes edwardsi
Oxyurostylis smith!
Paracaprella tenuis
Parametopella cypris
Unciola serrata
Polychaeta
Aricidea catherinae
Aricidea wassi
Asabellides oculata
Asychis sp.
Bhawania goodei
Brania wellfleetensis
Cabira incerta
Capitellidae sp.
Clymenella torquata
Drilonereis magna
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(D
(m)
(n)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
(gg)
(ii)
(jj)
-------
Station 91 6-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana
Glycinde solitaria
Goniadides carolinae
Heteromastus filiformis
Magelona rosea
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nephtys incisa
Nereis succinea
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Scoloplos rubra
Sigambra tentaculata
Spio filicornis
Spiophanes bombyx
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
Oligochaete
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
(kk)
(11)
(mm)
(nn)
(oo)
(PP)
(qq)
(rr)
(ss)
(tt)
(uu)
(w)
(ww)
(xx)
(yy)
(zz)
(ab)
(ac)
(ad)
0-2
2
21
2
1
12
37
2
4
48
45
4
2
1
131
710
16
20
1
2-5
2
2
1
5
42
18
1
1
5-10 10-15 15-20
1
1
2
4 9 22
1
1
8 4*
11* 1* 10*
1 1* . 5*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 92 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Mollusca
Tellina agilis (a)
Polychaeta
Asychis elongata
Glycinde solitaria
Gyptis brevipalpa
Heteromastus filifonnis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedict!
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
2
13 8
3 4
1
1
11 7
1
1
1
1
41 1*
1
2
1 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 93
6-79
Taxon
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria sp.
(a)
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (c)
Mollusca
Ensis directus
Lyonsia hyalina
Mulinia lateralis
(d)
(e)
(f)
1 1
2
73 10
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Corophium tuberculatum
Edotea triloba
Leucon americanus
Ogyrides limicola
Paracaprella tenuis
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
11
6
25
1
1
2
Oligochaeta sp.
1*
1*
Polychaeta
Asychis sp.
Asabellides oculata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycinde solitaria
Heteromastus filiformis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Prionospio cirrifera
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos fragilis
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
(bb)
102
7
2
55
3
9
234
3
3
176
23
2
2
9
34
27
1
3
1
6
20
1
1
13
4
2
1
6
3
1
1
* contamination from surface
(b) Cerebratulus lacteus found in the dissecting core
-------
Station 94 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (a) 3 2
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (b) 1 1
Mollusca
Ensis directus (c) 341
Lyonsia hyalina (d) 6
Mitrella lunata (e) 3
Mulinia lateralis (f) 21 2
Odostomia sp. (g) 1*
Retusa canaliculata (h) 8
Tellina agilis (i) 18
Yoldia limatula (j) 6 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (k)
Corophium tuberculatum (1)
Crangon septemspinosa (m)
Edotea triloba (n)
Erichthonius brasiliensis (o)
Ostracoda sp.
Paracaprella tenuis (p)
25
17
1
5
9
1
12
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata , (q) , 75
Asychis elongata (r) 1
. Bhawania goodei (s) 116 2
Cabira incerta (t) 1 1
Clymenella zonalis (u) 412
Glycera americana (v) 2 1
Glycera sp. 1
Glycinde solitaria (w) 5
Gyptis brevipalpa (x) 1
Harmothoe extenuata (y) 1
Mediomastus ambiseta (z) 358 26 3
Nephtys incisa (aa) 2
Nereis succinea (bb) 6
Paraprionospio pinnata (cc) 2
Pectinaria gouldii (dd) 2036 42 8 3* 8* 1*
Polydora ligni (ee) 36
Prionospio cirrifera (ff) 3 5
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (gg) 1 1
-------
Station 94 6-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Scoloplos sp.
Sigambra tentaculata
Spio sp.
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(11)
0-2
1
3
1
234
7
2-5 5-10
4 4
10
4 6
10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
6
3* 2*
Oligochaeta sp. 34 12
Ascidiacea
Botryllus schlosseri (mm) P*
* contamination from surface
(nn) Thyone briareus found in the dissecting core
(oo) Cerianthus americanus - found in the dissecting core
-------
Station 95 6-79
Taxon
Mollusca
Ensis directus
Lyonsia hyalina
Mulinia lateralis
Mya arenaria
Odostomia sp.
Retusa canaliculata
Yoldia limatula
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
0-2
1
1
155
3
9
1
1
2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
1*
19 2* 1*
1
2
Crustacea
Leucon americanus (i) 1 1*
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata (j) 19 1
Clymenella torquata (k) 1
Eteone heteropoda (1) 8 1
Glycera americana (m) 1 1
Glycinde solitaria (n) 5
Medlomastus ambiseta (o) 100 1
Nereis succinea (p) 1 1
Paraprionospio pinnata (q) 14 19 3
Pectinaria gouldii (r) 787 88 34 1* 5*
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (s) 1 1
Scoloplos fragilis (t) 1
Sigambra tentaculata (u) 1 14 1 1 1
Streblospio benedicti (v) 93 1
Tharyx sp. (w) 1
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 96 6-79
Taxon - 0-2 2-8
Colenterata
Edwardsla elegans (a) 1
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus (b) 3
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (c) 2
Mollusca
Ensis directus 267. 25
Lyonsia hyalina (e) 29
Mulinia lateralis (g) 183 4
Tellina agilis (h) 26 1
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita (i) 1 <
Ampelisca verrilli (j) 1
Corophium tuberculatum (k) 2
Edotea triloba (1) 3
Erichthonius brasiliensis (m) 1
Gammarus mucronatus (n) 1
Monoculodes edwardsi (o) 1
Oxyurostylis smith! (p) 1
Paracaprella tenuis (q) 2 1
Pinnotheres sp. (r) 1
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata (s) 9
Clymenella torquata (t) 14 1
Eteone heteropoda 7
Glycera americana (v) 28 1
Glycera dibranchiata (w) 4
Gyptis brevipalpa (x) 1
Harmothoe extenuata (y) 1
Magelona rosea (z) 1 1
Mediomastus ambiseta (aa) 87 17
Nephtys incisa -- (bb) 2 2
Nereis succinea (cc) 2
Owenia fusiformis (dd) 1
Paraprionospio pinnata (ee) 3
Pectinaria gouldii (ff) 79 3
Polydora ligni (gg) 11 1
Prionospio pygmae (hh) 8 2
-------
Station 96 6-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Spio setosa
Spiophanes bombyx
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
Oligochaetes
(d) Busycon carica found
(f) Mitrella lunata found
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(11)
(mm)
(nn)
0-2
1
2
1
131
250
6
1
2-8
2
15
14
1
1
in dissection core
in dissection core
(u) Diopatra cuprea found in dissection core
-------
Station 97 6-79
Taxon
Hydrozoa
Hydractinia echinata
Sertularia argentea
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus
Tubulanus pellucidus
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-21
P
P P P P P
5 1
9
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus
Crepidula plana
Doridella obscura
Ensis directus
Lyonsia hyalina
Mitrella lunata
Mulinia lateralis
Mya arenaria
Mytilus edulis
Nucula proxima
Retusa canaliculata
Tellina agilis
Yoldia limatula
Crustacea
Ampelisca abdita
Corophium tuberculatum
Crangon septemspinosa
Edotea triloba
Erichthonius brasiliensis
Libinia dubia
Neomysis americana
Oxyurostylis smith!
Paracaprella tenuis
Parametopella cypris
Pleusymtes glaber
Unciola serrata
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata
Clymenella torquata
Eteone heteropoda
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(D
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
00
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
2
5
1
3
37
1
2
16 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
23 2* 4* 3*
14
4
8
12 1*
2
3
-------
Station 97 6-79 (continued);
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Lepidonotus sublevis
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nephtys incisa
Nereis succinea
Paranaitis speciosa
Pectinaria gouldii
Poly dor a ligni
Proceraea cornuta
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
(gg)
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(ID
(mm)
(nn)
(oo)
(PP)
(qq)
(rr)
(ss)
0-2
3
185
4
7
3
1951
76
1
523
2
220
7
2-5
7
2
1
1
2
5-10
1
8
3
9*
2
1*
10-15 15-21
1*
1*
2
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 98 6-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-13
Nemertea
Amphiporus bioculatus (a)
Mollusca
Ensis directus
Mercenaria mercenaria
Mulinia lateralis
Mya arenaria
Crustacea
Edotea triloba
Idunella sp.
Leucon americanus
Listriella clymenellae
Neomysis americana
Pleusymtes glaber
Unciola serrata
Polychaeta
Arabella iricolor
Aricidea suecica
Asabellides oculata
Clymenella torquata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana
Glycinde solitaria
Gyp t is brevipalpa
Heteromastus filiformis
Marphysa sanguinea
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
Pectinaria gouldii
Polycirrus eximius
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Scoloplos rubra
Spio setosa
Streblospio benedicti
Syllis cornuta
Tharyx sp.
Oligochaeta sp.
(f) Callianassa atlantica
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
(gg)
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
found
4
1
3
6
2
13
2
1
1
4
7
16
9
3
2
2
18
2
3
40
37
2
5
1
2
178
1
3
22
in the
3
3
4
1
1
2
1
6
3
4
1
1
2
11
3
35
3
1
2
80
1
1
26
dissection
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
2
13
1
2
core
(1) Pinnixa sp. found in dissection core
-------
Station 99 6-79
Taxon ' 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-39
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (a) 1 .
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (b)
Mollusca
Ensis directus (c)
Lyons la hyalina (d)
Mulinia lateralis (e)
Telllna agilis (g)
Polychaeta
Asabellldes oculata (h)
Asychis elongata (i)
Glycera americana
Glycera sp. (j)
Glycinde solltarla (k)
Pectinaria ^ouldii (1)
Pseudeurythoe ambigua (m)
Sigambra tentaculata (n)
Streblospio benedict! (o)
Tharyx sp. . (p)
Oligochaeta sp. (q)
3 3
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
70 39 25* 8* 4*
22
1
12
3
9
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 100 6-79
Taxon 0-8
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucidus (a) 1
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. (b) 3
Mollusca
Ensis directus
Nassarius trivittatus
Tellina agilis
Crustacea
Pagurus longicarpus
Parametopella cypris
Unciola irrorata
Polychaeta
Capitellidae sp. A
Capitellidae sp. B
Drilonereis longa
Glycera americana
Glycera sp.
Magelona rosea
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nephtys incisa
Pectinaria gouldii
Polydora ligni
Polydora socialis
Polygordius sp.
Prionospio pygmaea
Scoloplos acutus
Spio setosa
Spiophanes bombyx
Streblospio benedicti
Tharyx sp.
Oligbchaeta sp.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(1)
(m)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
23
3
34
1
4
3
346
1
3
3
4
1
86
1
4
1
1
4
15
1
1
7
8
25
4
(h) Onuphis eremita found in dissection core
-------
Station 103 4-79
Taxon
Colenterata
Anthozoa sp.
Sertularia argentea
Nemertea
Tubulanus pellucldus
Ectoprocta
Aeverillla armata
Electra crustulenta
Phoronida
Phoronis sp.
Mollusca
Allgena elevata
Anadara transversa
Dorldella obscura
Lyonsia hyallna
Mitrella lunata
Mulinia lateralis
Crustacea
Ampellsca vadorum
Corophium sp.
Edotea triloba
Elasmopus levis
Erichthonius braslliensis
Gammarus mucronatus
Listriella clymenellae
Neopanope texana sayi
Ostracoda sp.
Paracaprella tenuis
Parametopella cyprls
Polychaeta
Amphitrite ornata
Capitellidae sp.
Chrysopetalldae sp.
Clymenella torquata
Eteone heteropoda
Glyceridae sp.
Glycinde solltaria
Gyptis brevipalpa
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(D
(j)
(k)
(D
Cm)
(n)
(o)
(P)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(aa)
0-2
P
2
P
P
3
68
6
1
69
7
1
9
1
8
3
1
63
2
1
20
1
2-5
1
P
P*
P*
34*
5*
4
2
6*
5
3
2
3
5-10 10-15
P*
P*
P*
1 1
28* 2*
4* 2*
1*
2*
1*
3
1*
14* 1*
2
1
1
9 6
4*
3
1 1
1
15-20 20-30 30-45
P* p* p*
P* P
P*
2* 11* 11*
1* 2*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1
8* 38* 68*
531*
2* 1*
-------
Station 103 4-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Hesionidae
Heteromastus filiformis
Maldanidae sp.
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
Paraprionospio pinnata
Pectinaria gouldii
Podarke obscura
Polydora ligni
Polynoidae sp.
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabella microphthalma
Sabellaria vulgaris
Scolecolepidis viridis
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Syllidae sp.
Syllidae sp. A
Ascidiacea
Botryllus schlosseri
Molgula manhattensis
(bb)
(cc)
(dd)
(ee)
(ff)
(gg)
(hh)
(ii)
(jj)
(kk)
(11)
(mm)
(nn)
(oo)
(PP)
(qq)
0-2
31
52
302
3
1
342
1
1
32
10
3
1
1
1
P
2
2-5
4
7
53
6
56
11
22
4
P*
14
5-10
2
6*
23
7
1
8*
71
16*
8*
P*
2*
10-15 15-20 20-30
3* 1*
1 2
5 5
3
1*
6*
44 50 1
1* i* i*
1*
1
P* p* p*
1* 1*
30-45
10
2
P*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 104
4-79
Taxon
0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-37
Colenterata
Anthozoa sp.
Sertularia argentea
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus
Tubulanus pellucidus
Ectoprocta
Aeverrillia armata
Electra crustulenta
P* p*
1
1
P* p*
P* p*
P*
P*
P*
Mollusca
Anadara ovalis
Anadara transversa (a)
Lynosia hyalina
Mulinia lateralis
Odostomia sp.
Retusa canaliculata
Turbonilla interrupta
Yoldia limatula (b)
Crustacea
Ampelisca vadorum j
Corophium tuberculatum
Edotea triloba
Elasmopus levis
Erichthonius brasiliensis
Gammarus mucronatus
Leucon americanus
Ostracoda sp.
Paracaprella tenuis
Pinnixia retinens
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata
Eteone heteropoda
Glycera americana (c)
Glycinde solitaria
Lepidametria commensalis
Lepidonotus sublevis
Maldanidae sp.
Mediomastus ambiseta
Nereis succinea
2
99
1
6
1
5
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
32* 19*
1*
1*
1*
2
14*
4*
1*
46*
1*
1*
1
2
8
1
1
24
18
1
2
6
4
1*
10
1
5*
2
1*
1*
4*
1*
1*
1*
-------
Station 104
4-79 (continued)
Taxon
Polychaeta (continued)
Orbiniidae sp .
Paraprionosp io pinnata (d)
Pectinaria gouldii (e)
Polydora ligni
Pseudeurythoe ambigua
Sabellaria vulgaris
Scolecolepides viridis
Scoloplos foliosus
Scoloplos sp.
Sigambra tentaculata
Streblospio benedicti
Ascidiacea
Botryllus schlosseri
Molgula manhattensis
0-2
1
6
19
14
2
1
1
1
2
P
5
2-5 5-10
20
1
3 4*
1 1
1
1
12 1 .
P*
10-15 15-20 20-30 30-37
1* i*
1
1 15
P* p* p*
* contamination from surface
-------
Station 105 4-79
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Colenterata
Ceriantheopsis americanus 1
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus 1
Tubulanus pellucidus 2 1
Mollusca
Acteon punctostriatus 1
Anadara transversa 1
Bivalve sp. 1
Cylichna alba 1
Gemma gemma 1
Nassarius trivittatus 1
Odostomia sp. 5
Retusa canaliculata 4
Tellina agilis 13 1
Turbonilla interrupta 7
Yoldia limatula 7
Crustacea
Ampelisca vadorum 2 1
Edotea triloba 2
Listriella clymenellae 1 2
Ostracoda sp. 9
Paracaprella tenuis 1
Photis dentata 2
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata 3
Cabira incerta 112 1
Clymenella torquata 1
Q. zonalis 575
Glycera americana 4
Glycinde solitaria 12
Harmothoe extenuata 2
H. sp. A 2
Heteromastus filiformis 4
Loimia medusa 1
Maldanidae sp. 5
Mediomastus ambiseta 509 15
Nephtys incisa 4
Paleanotus heteroseta 1
Paraprionospio pinnata 1
-------
Station 105 4-79 (continued)
Taxon 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
Polychaeta (continued)
Pectinaria gouldii 1
Phyllodoce arenae 1
Polydora ligni 9
Prionospio cirrobranchiata 1
Prionospio sp. 1
Sigambra tentaculata 1 4 1
Spiochaetopterus oculatus 1 1
Spionidae sp. 1
Spiophanes wigleyi 1
Tharyx sp. 32
Westerinereis tridentata 1
-------
Appendix C
Three-dimensional drawings representing distribution and life
style of organisms in a box core at each station*
* letters refers to species listed in Appendix B for Stations
76-105.
-------
Station 26
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Mulinia lateralis
CRUSTACEA
c. Ampelisca abdita
d. Leucon americanus
e. Edotea triloba
POLYCHAETA.
f. Nereis succinea
g. Paraprionospio pinnata
h. Glycinde solitaria
i. Loimia medusa
j. Paranaitis speciosa
-------
STATION 26
10
20
-------
Station 27
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
CRUSTACEA
b. Ampelisca abdita
c. Listriella clymenellae
POLYCHAETA
d. Paraprionospio pinnata
e. Spiophanes sp.
f. Clymenella torquata
g. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
h. AncistrosyHis hartmanae
i. Glycinde solitaria
j. Glycera dibranchiata
PHORONIDA
k. Phoronid
-------
STATION 27
-------
Station 28
MOLLUSCA
a. Anadara transversa
CRUSTACEA
b. Pinnixa retinens
POLYCHAETA
c. Glycinde solitaria
d. Nereis succinea
e. Chaetopterus variopedatus
f. Paraprionospio pinnata
g. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
h. Clymenella torquata
i. Glycera dibranchiata
PHORONIDA
j. Phoronis sp.
-------
STATION 28
-------
Station 29
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Odostomia impressa
c. Ensis directus
d. Mulinia lateralis
CRUSTACEA
e. Ampelisca verrilli
f. Ampelisca abdita
g. Cyanthura polita
h, Ostracod
POLYCHAETA
i. Glycera dibranchiata
j. Tharyx sp.
k. Loimia medusa
1. Drilonereis longa
m. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
n. Scoloplos rubra
o. Ancistrosyllis hartmanae
NEMERTEA
p. Cerebratulus lacteus
PHORONIDA
q. Phoronis sp.
-------
STATION 29
-------
Station 30
CRUSTACEA
a. Ampelisca abdita
b. Edotea triloba
c. Leucon americanus
d. Ostraced
e. Neomysis americanus
f. Melita nitida
POLYCHAETA
g. Nereis succinea
h. Glycinde solitaria
i. Loimia medusa
j. Paraprionospio pinnata
-------
STATION 30
VvM-> D ^A^-A ^i^Wa^
Ip^^^^^"^^^^^
A'*-'_*}=>*, '-0=^1^ '^n==OBi =<>=,.».iv«\-.
-------
Station 31
POLYCHAETA
a. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
-------
STATION 31
-------
Station 32
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Anadara transversa
CRUSTACEA
c. Ampelisca abdita
d. Diastylis polita
e. Ostracod
f. Listriella clymenellae
POLYCHAETA
g. Pectinaria gouldii
h. Paraprionospio pinnata
i. Glycera dibranchiata
j. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
k. Praxillela gracilis
1. Sigambra tentaculata
m. empty tube of Sabellaria vulgaris
-------
STATION 32
3-0
-------
Station 33
CRUSTACEA
a. Unciola irrorata
POLYCHAETA
b. Nereis succinea
c. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
-------
STATION 33
10
3.0
\
TIB
-------
Station 34
MDLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Odostomia sp.
CRUSTACEA
c. Neomysis americana
d. Pinnixa retinens
POLYCHAETA
e. Paraprionospio pinnata
f. Nereis succinea
g. Glycinde solitaria
h. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
i. Orbiniidae
-------
STATION 34
-------
Station 35
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Anadara transversa
c. Turbonilla Interrupta
d. Anachis translirata
CRUSTACEA
e. Pinnixa retinens
f. Pinnixa chaetopterana
g. Ostraced
h. Ampelisca abdita
i. Listriella clymenellae
j. Paracaprella tenuis
k. Corophium sp. (juv)
ECHINODERMATA
1. Micropholis atra
POLYCHAETA
m. Paraprionospio pinnata
n. Pectinaria gouldii
o. Clymenella torquata
p. Glycinde solitaria
q. Nephtyidae
r. Notomastus sp.
s. Glycera americana
-------
Station 35 (continued)
POLYCHAETA (cont.)
t. Paleanotus heteroseta
u. Harmothoe sp. A (located on the disk of Micropholis atra)
v. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
w. empty Chaetopterid tube
-------
STATION 35
-------
Station 36.
MOLLUSCA
a. Anadara transversa
b. Retusa canaliculata
c. Turbonilla interrupta
CRUSTACEA
d. Ampelisca verrilli
e. Unciola serrata (found with Sabellaria vulgaris)
f. Corophium tuberculatum (found inside tubes of S_. vulgar is)
g. Ampelisca abdita
h. Edotea triloba
i. Ostracod
j. Ampelisca vadorum
POLYCHAETA
k. Sabellaria vulgaris
1. Nereis succinea
m. Pectinaria gouldii
n. Paraprionospio pinnata
o. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
p. Ampharetidae
q. Tharyx sp.
r. Polygordius sp.
s. Cirratulidae
t. Nephtyidae
-------
STATION 36
-------
A STUDY OF DREDGING EFFECTS IN HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA
Final Contract Report
prepared for:
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Norfolk District
803 Front Street
Norfolk, Virginia 23510
under Contract No. DACW65-78-C-0029
by
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
School of Marine Science
College of William and Mary
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062
Walter I. Priest, III, Editor
March, 1981
Special Report in Applied Marine Science
and Ocean Engineering No. 247
-------
Station 37
MOLLUSCA
a. Mulinia lateralis
CRUSTACEA
b. Neomysis americana
POLYCHAETA
c. Glycera dibranchiata
d. Paraprionospio pinnata
e. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
f. Ampharetidae
g. Bhawania goodei
h. Ancistrosyllis jonesi
i. Ancistrosyllis hartmanae
j. Drilonereis longa
PHORONIDA
k. Phoronid
NEMERTINA
1. Nernertea sp.
-------
STATION 37
RB
-------
Station 38
MOLLUSCA
a. Mulinia lateralis
CRUSTACEA
b. Ostracod
POLYCHAETA
c. Pectinaria gouldli
d. Glycinde solitaria
e. Paleanotus heteroseta
f. Paraprionospio pinnata
g. Loimia medusa
h. Glycera americana
i. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
-------
STATION 38
-------
Station 39
MOLLUSCA
a. Turbonilla interrupta
CRUSTACEA
b. Trichophoxus epistomus
c. Pinnixa chaetopterana
d. Ampelisca verrilli
e. Ptilanthura tenuis
f. Callianassa atlantica
POLYCHAETA
g. Orbiniidae sp.
h. Phyllodocidae
i. Nephtys sp.
j. Glycera sp.
k. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
1. Glycera dibranchiata
m. Paleanotus heteroseta
n. Cirratulidae sp.
o. Paraonidae
p. Arabellidae sp.
ECHINODERMATA
q. Micropholis atra
-------
STATION 39
.»> > ,1»i,. ^Si. laasr*
r
\
\
v
X
\
\
-------
Station 40
MOLLUSCA
a. Busycon carica
b. Retusa canaliculata
c. Anadara transversa
d. Acteon punctostriatus
e. Odostomia impressa
f. Ensis directus
CRUSTACEA
g. Ampelisca verrilli
h. Unciola irrorata
i. Listriella clymenellae
POLYCHAETA
j. Harmothoe sp. A
k. Glycera americana
1. Clymenella torquata
m. Phyllodocidae sp.
n. Paleanotus heteroseta
o. Capitellidae
p. Nereis succinea
q. Sabellaria vulgaris
r. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
ECHINODERMATA
s. Micropholis atra
ASCIDACEA
t. Molgula manhattensis
-------
STATION 40
-------
Station 41
MOLLUSCA
a. Anadara transversa
b. Odostomia sp.
CRUSTACEA
c. Ampeliscidae sp.
POLYCHAETA
d. Nereis succinea
e. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
f. Paleanotus heteroseta
g. Sabellaria vulgaris
h. Pectinaria gouldii
i. Paraprionospio pinnata
j. Ancistrosyllis sp.
k. Heteromastus filiformis
1. Maldanidae sp.
-------
STATION 41
-------
Station 42
MOLLUSCA
a. Mulinia lateralis
b. Anadara transversa
c. Yoldia limatula
POLYCHAETA
d. Clymenella zonalis
e. Phyllodocidae
f. Nephtys picta
g. Paleanotus heteroseta
h. Nereis succinea
i. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
j. Pilargis sp. A
k. Glycera americana
1. Sigambra sp. (damaged)
-------
STATION 42
3.0
-------
Station 43
MOLLUSCA
a. Nucula proxima
b. Retusa canaliculata
c. Leptonidae
d. Yoldia limatula
POLYCHAETA
e. Nephtys sp.
f. Paraprionospio pinnata
g. Capitellidae
h. Praxillella gracilis
i. Paleanotus heteroseta
j. Harmothoe sp. A
k. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
1. Orbiniidae
m. Sigambra tentaculata
ECHINODERMATA
n. Micropholis atra
-------
STATION 43
-------
Station 44
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Telllna agllis
c. Acteon punctostriatus
d. Mangelia cerina
e. Mulinia lateralis
f. Turbonilla interrupta
g. Natica pusilia
CRUSTACEA
h. Oxyurostylis smithi
i. Ostracod
j. Neomysis americana
POLYCHAETA
k. Glycera dibranchiata
1. Glycinde solitaria
m. Maldanidae
n. Arabellidae
-------
STATION 44
-------
Station 45
MOLLUSCA
a. Busycon carica
POLYCHAETA
b. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
c. Scoloplos robustus
d. Glycera americana
e. Tharyx sp.
PHORONIDA
f. Phoronid
-------
STATION 45
-------
Station 46
tyOLLUSCA
a. Turbonilla interrupta
b. Odostomia sp. (juv)
c. Retusa canaliculata
d. Tellina agilis
e. Yoldia limatula
f. Pitar morrhuana
CRUSTACEA
g. Ampelisca abdita
h. Upogebia affinis (juv)
i. Libinia dubia
j. Paguridae
k. Uncjola serrata
POLYCHAETA
1. Glycinde solitaria
m. Glycera americana-
n. Paleanotus heteroseta
o. Maldanopsis elongata
p. Pectinaria gouldii
q. Pseydoeurythoe ambigua
r. Heteromastus filiformis
ECHINODERMATA
t Opliuroidea (juv)
PHORONIDA
u Phoronid
-------
STATION 46
-------
Station 47
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Turbonllla stricta
c. Teliina agilis
CRUSTACEA
d. Ampejisca abdita
e. Uppgebia affinis (juv)
f. Oxyurostylis smith!
g. Pinrijxa chaetopterana
POLYCHAETA
h. Aglaophamus circinata
i. Paraprionospio pinnata
j . Tharyx sp.
k. Glycinde solitaria
1. Orbiniidae
m. Maldanidae
n. Terebellidae
PHORONIDA
o. Phoronid
-------
STATION 47
-------
Station 48 -
MOLLUSCA
a. Mulinia lateralis
b. Retusa canaliculata
c. Tellina agilis
d. Odostomla sp.
CRUSTACEA
e.. Ostracod
POLYCHAETA
f. Loimia medusa
g. Paraprionospio pinnata
'*
h. Glycinde solitaria
i. Pseudoeurythoe ambjgua
-------
STATION 48
-------
Station 49
MOLLUSCA
a. Retusa canaliculata
b. Cylichna alba .
c. Mulinia lateralig
d. Yoldia limatula
e. Macoma balthica
1 .' . ' ):
f. Acteon punctoatriatus
CRUSTACEA
g. Ampelisca abdita
h. Upogebia affinis
i. Listriella clymenellae
POLYCHAETA
j. Pal^anotus heteroaeta
k. Paraprionospio pinnata
1. Tharyx sp.
m. Glycinde solitaria
n. Maldanidae
o. Arieidea fragilis
PHORONIDA
p. Phoronid
-------
STATION 49
-------
Station 50
MOLLUSCA
a. Tellina agilis
POLYCHAETA
b. Cirratulidae
c. Glycera dibranchiata
d. Glycera robusta
e. Scoloplos rubra
f. Drilonereis longa
g. Magelona sp.
h. Pseudoeurythoe ambigua
-------
STATION 50
-------
5 -
10
19
20
25
30
fc^ '
STA 76
-------
10
15
20
25
30
-~ i
f-'
*"H,
35
STA 77
-------
5-
10
15 -
20
29
30
STA 78
-------
STA 79
-------
STA 80
-------
DEPTH
(cm) !
10
30
STA 81
-------
-< k
OEPTH_
(cm)
S-
10
20-
30
V '/'
,
STA 82
-------
«
' h-
. «
"\ , ' *
10
15
2O
30 i
I
rt.
STA 83
-------
_
-',' .''- **'. "I. ./'-. -v -.'.. t . «=*.. -"»',-,>,'"-"-r-- '. "T-'-'i- -'
ii"-,^^^::.-^*'!-' : *=^ >-'",."-j^. -'.-:\-7*--
< - '-- ' -
STA 84
-------
> A- M
STA 85
-------
~ * \ J
«>7
DEPTH, L
(cm) 1
i
i
s
10
15
1
20
;
23
\ u )
v jr
,
/ s
TA 86
-------
M « -i .' -' J \
25 -
30
35
L_
STA 87
-------
STA 88
-------
STA 89
-------
STA 90
-------
DEPTH_
(cm)
10
15
20
STA 91
-------
-V' STA 93
-------
STA 93
-------
Jh « J±uJ- : Br\^__ . . , . ""Ml »JLv ' i. ' '
^£4;^
^'co^-.).,,- r.-x-r.-.-y.-v:;':+??.&&; ^:^:^^
^.^'^.-A-.S.--1- -^ ':.^>|.:-^-.v;^;; ;j:?/-./
-:^v.^:v. ? rr, * ^r:v:v kviu/jvnvij UJUIAV uivify^
35
STA 94
-------
3 -
10
30
^
STA 95
-------
DEPTH
Icm)
9-
10
STA M
-------
(cm)
10
20
1" x
STA 97
-------
'''-' , * ' ,. , ! t ' ' ,-^'
:,' y-.;.. ^rvyvy
» * tt _ ^r--^l ' *V- « - I- /
STA 98
-------
5-
10
IS
20
25
90
I I.
/
V V,
I .'o
xd
i .'.'
\,
STA 99
-------
5-
' ' < ' ' V : , ' ' I
' . v . . -fc_ 'V .MI.:
10
STA 100
-------
10
L.
STA 103-1
-------
35
STA I03-2
-------
OEPTH_
(cm)
5 -
10
IS
20
30
STA 104-1
-------
STA 105-1
-------
Appendix E
Station description with visual observations, x-ray description
and important biogenic species
-------
Station; 27 9-78
Area; Pocomoke Sound (16 ft) Depth penetration; 30 cm
Sediment; medium-fine sand with increasing coarse sand & gravel with
depth
Visual Structures;
Physical; many mineral colors, surface mottled with mud clasts,
deeper get streaks of clay, thin layer mud under stones.
Biological; few Clymenella tubes on surface, 15-20 mud filled
burrow (7 mm)
Imp. Biogenic Agents;
jC. torquata - "conveyor belt" which mixes top 15-20 cm
Z.' ambigua - deep random burrowing polychaete
~P_. pinnata - thin burrow in the top 5 cm
X-ray structures;
Physical - between 13-16 cm. See transition of medium and fine
sand to coarse sand and gravel. This represents a storm
erosion layer, few mud clasts in upper 10 cm, mud lining
underneath stones
Biological - few Clymenella tubes; most abundant are Paraprionospio
pinnata burrows.
-------
Station; 28 9-78
Area; just south of Potomac River mouth (82 ft)
Depth penetration: 28 cm
Sediment; fine-medium sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; few pebbles and clay veins toward bottom
Biological; on surface lots of Pectinaria tubes, few Clymenella
tubes, 7 mm wide chaetopterid tube, glycerid polychaete
trace to 28 cm. Clymenella tubes and a chaetopterid tube
extend all the way to the bottom of the core
Important Biogenic Agents;
Chaetopterus variopedatus - large tube dweller
Paraprionospio pinnata - thin burrows
Pseudeurythoe ambigua - deep burrowing polychaete
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera dibranchiata - large burrow dwelling polychaete
capable of ventilating its burrow
X-ray Structures;
Physical - large lump of iron at 12-17 cm, more pebbles >15 cm down,
one mud clast at 10 cm, Ig irregular dark area 20-25 cm?
Biological; few pectinaria tubes on top. Several glycerid
burrows, couple of Clymenella tubes.
-------
Station; 29 9-78
Area; just west of Tangier Island (33 ft)
Depth penetration; 21 cm
Sediment; fine-medium sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; streaks of darker sediment (mottled R.P.D.)
Biological; few Clymenella & ampeliscid tubes on surface
large terebellid tube 0-10 cm, phoronid tube 5-20 cm.
13 mm hole going out of core 10-15 (Callianassid shrimp?)
Important Biogenic Agents;
Terebellidae - large tube dweller
Deep errant polychaetes - Pseudoeurythoe ambigua, Ancistrosyllis,
Orbinids, Driloneris
Phoronid - thin vertical sand tubes
X-ray structures
Physical; uniform bioturated sand
Biological; very little - few phoronid tubes, mostly a mobile
fauna
-------
Station 30 9-78
Area; off southern tip of Tangier Island (88 ft.)
Depth penetration; 38 cm
Sediment; mud - (fluid on top 5-6 cm)
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; surface matted with Ampelisca. Several unoccupied
Terebellid tubes 5-15 cm. Hydroid strands 25-30 cm
Important Biogenic Agents;
Ampelisca abdita - tubes stabilize surface sediment
Nereis succinea - ventilates burrows
Terebellids - large ventilating tube dweller
X-ray; no good because sample was frozen
-------
Station; 31 9-78
Area; west shore between Potomac River & Rappahannock River (44 ft)
Depth penetration; 19 cm
Sediment; mud (fluid)
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; none
Important Biogenic Agents; none
X-ray; sample frozen so no x-ray
-------
Station: 32 9-78
Area; toward eastern shore between Rappahannock & Potomac Rivers
(46 ft)
Depth Penetration; 20 cm
Sediment; muddy sand, poorly sorted
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; ampeliscid tubes, few Pectinaria & Clymenella tubes,
hydroids at 0-5 cm at 5-10. Terebellid tube, at 10-15
Clymenella tubes, Terebellid tube and hydroidsyat 15-20
old ampeliscid tubes, 4 mm burrow with gold brown long,
and still have Terebellid tube.
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectinaria - mobile tube dweller & "conveyor belt" species
Clymenella - "conveyor belt" species
Deep burrowing polychaetes - Orbinids, Pseudeurythoe ambigua,
Pilargids
X-ray Structures; lost due to refrigeration failure (dried out)
-------
Station: 33 9-78
Area; near the mouth of the Rappahannock River (35 ft)
Depth penetration; 40 cm
Sediment; fine sandy mud
Visual Structure;
Physical :^ fluid top 3 cm
Biological; few stringy tubes on surface, 0-5 cm short piece of
parchment-like tube, 5-20 cm Glycerid traces, 20-25 cm
capitellid traces
Important Biogenic Agents;
Nereis succinea; ventilates burrow
X-ray Structure; none due to refrigeration failure
-------
Station: 34 9-78
Area: middle of Bay off the Rappahannock River (39 ft)
Depth penetration: 21 cm
Sediment; very fine sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical; fluid surface
Biological; 1 mm dia tubes of Clymenella torquata and stringy
tubes on top (Paraprionospio pinnata?), few Pectinaria
tubes on surface. 5-10 cm. 1 mm diameter burrow trace
vertical, large 6 mm in diameter tube, 10-15 cm part of U
shaped tube. (Loimia medusa), continuation of the 6 mm
tube, 15-21 cm pontinuation of 6 mm tube
Important Biogenic Agents:
Paraprionospio pinnata - small burrows
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt species"
X-ray Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; many in back-filled burrows of various sizes.
Nereis burrow 0-4 cm, few vertical maldanid tubes, many
small burrows of JP. pinnata at 0-8 cm patch of small
capitellid like traces at 17-21 cm (probably Heteromastus
filifprmis). Some Mulinia shell hash on surface
-------
Station; 35 9-78
Area; toward Eastern Shore of Rappahannock River (39 ft)
Depth penetration; 38 cm
Sediment: very fine sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; 0-5 cm f_. pinnata mucoid tubes, ampeliscid tubes,
many Pectinaria tubes, Ig Chaetopterid tube, many Clymenella
tubes, couple of terebellid tubes, 5-10 cm continuation of
Clymenella and terebellid tubes, ophiuroid in life position.
10-15 cm piece of cerianthid tube, continuation of Clymenella
tubes. 20-25 cm continuation of Clymenella and terebellid
tubes. 25-30 cm capitellid traces. 30-38 cm nothing.
Important Biogenic Agents;
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt species"
X-ray Structures;
Physical; slight trough cross bed sand in the upper 2 cm
Biological; couple of Clymenella tubes, many back-filled burrows
of Glycerids, Terebellid and Cerianthid anemones. ^. pinnata
traces in the top 8 cm. Few capitellid traces
-------
Station; 36 9-78
Area; Eastern Shore opposite Rappahannock River (37 ft)
Depth penetration: 21 cm
Sediment; muddy sand mixed with gravel
Visual Structure;
Physical; mottled R.P.D., 0-5 cm, increasing amount of pebbles
with increasing depth
Biological; surface has Sabellaria vulgaris tubes, few ampeliscid
tubes, one Pectinaria, one Ampharetid tube, section of
Cirratulid burrow with reddish-brown lining. 5-10 cm
continuation of burrows and ampharetid tube. 10-15 cm
continuation of cirratulid burrow. 15-20 cm nothing
Important Biogenic Agents;
Nereis succinea - ventilates its burrow
Ampharetid - tentaculate polychaete which mound sediment around
Cirratulidae - large burrowing polychaete with lined burrow'
X-ray Structure;
Physical; scattered pebbles, mottled with mud
Biological: many shell 1mm in diameter burrow (either P^. pinnata
or juvenile Nereis), 0-5 cm, couple of large back-filled
burrows and cirratulid burrow (probably Cirriformia grandis)
-------
Station; 37 9-78
Area; west shore of transect between York & Rappahannock Rivers
(22 ft)
Depth penetration; 18.5 cm
Sediment; poorly sorted sand - lots of shell & gravel
Visual Structure;
Physical; lots of gravel on bottom
Biological; Glymenella tubes seen from surface. Ampharetid tube
0-15 cm, 5-10 cm 11 mm in dia. mud filled burrow, Glycerid
traces
Important Biogenic Agents;
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, Drilonereis, Pilargids, Pseudeurythoe
X-ray Structures;
Physical; lots of pebbles & shell hash, large oyster shell at 13
cm, grey uniform sediment, a mud layer .5 cm
Biological; Clymenella tube to 10 cm, mobile fauna responsible
for uniform sediment
-------
Station; 38 9-78
Area; middle of the Bay between York & Rappahannock Rivers (37 ft)
Depth penetration; 51 cm,
Sediment; poorly sorted sandy mud
Visual Structure:
Physical: none
Biological; Terebellid tube 0-51 cm, few Pectinaria tubes on
surface, mucus tubes of P_. pinnata
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectinaria gouldii - mobile tube dweller, "conveyor belt species"
Loimia medusa - large tube dweller
Glycera americana - large polychaete which ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structure;
Physical; sand patch on surface to 2 cm
Biological; many various back-filled burrows, glycerid traces,
capitellid burrows at 25 cm
-------
Station; 39 9-78
Area; toward Eastern Shore between York & Rappahannock River (43 ft)
Depth penetration; 17 cm
Sediment; poorly sorted sand
Visual Structure;
Physical; gravel on bottom, black mottling, lots of Mytilus edulis
shells
Biological; at 5-10 cm, a 2.4 cm diameter burrow (Callianassa
atlantica) at 10-15 cm ophiuroid arm, Callianasa atlantica,
many reddish-brown burrows with cirratulid tentacles
(Cirriform grandis)
Important Biogenic Agents;
Callianassa atlantica - large burrow, process large amounts of
sediment
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, Pseudoeurythoe, Cirratulids,
Arabellidis
Micropholis atra - ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structure;
Physical; wavy sand layering in the top 4 cm, large pebbles &
gravel, mud clasts
Biological; lots of small indistinguishing worms traces, general
uniform sediment brought on by bioturbation of a mobile fauna
-------
Station; 40 9-78
Area; Eastern Shore between York & Rappahannock Rivers
Depth Penetration; 33 cm
Sediment; medium fine sand
Visual Structure;
Physical; mottled RPD
Biological; Maldanid tube 0 to 25 cm, Whelk on surface, Ensis
directus at 5-10 cm, fragment of cerianthid anemone tube,
10-15 cm goldish-brown burrows
Important Biogenic Agents;
Busycon.carica - plower of the top several cm
Ensis directus - large burrowing bivalve
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera americana - large burrow which it ventilates
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua - deep burrower
Micropholis atra - ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structure;
Physical; 16-22 cm patch of shell fragments
Biological; thin burrows along surface, couple of deep back-
filled burrows. Mostly bioturbated uniform sands Clymenella
tubes 0-15 cm
-------
Station; 41 9-78
Area; between York River and Mobjack Bay (46 ft)
Depth Penetration; 24 cm
Sediment; muddy sand, poorly sorted
Visual Structure;
Physical; gravel throughout increasing with depth (15-20) along
with patches of compact orange and grey clays, strands hydroid
throughout
Biological; 0-5 thin mucoid tubes (JP. pinnata), Sabellaria reefs,
Pectinaria tubes, 10-15 cm capitellid worm traces
Important Biogenic Agents
Nereis succinea - ventilates its burrow
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structure;
Physical; lots of Anadara shell hash near surface, very mottled
looking, more stones at bottom with "islands of clay" mud living'
around stones
Biological; couple back-filled burrow, Pectinaria tubes
-------
Station; 42 9-78
Area; Eastern Shore opposite York River (38 ft)
Depth penetration; 36 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand
Visual Structure;
Physical; none
Biological; lots of Clymenella tubes, Cerianthid anemone tube at
15-20 cm, at 25-30 cm mud cylinder
Important Biogenic Agents;
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt species"
Various mobile polychaetes
X-ray Structures;
Physical: shell hash30-35 cm, mud streak 25 cm
Biological; many Clymenella tubes to 18 cm, few orbinid polychaete
traces, few back-filled burrows in the deeper layers, streak
of mud 30-35 cm
-------
Station; 43 9-78
Area; mid Bay off York River (38 ft) Depth Penetration; 25 cm
Sediment: muddy sand, poorly sorted
Visual Structure
Physical; gravel further down
Biological; Yoldia limatula at 3 cm. ^210 core at tnis station
resulted in a large cerianthid anemone. JP. pinnata at 0-5 cm,
0-10 Praxiella gracilis tube, several misc, burrows, capitellid
traces 10-13 cm, large burrow at 15-20 cm
Important Biogenic Agents;
. Yoldia limatula - large deposit feeding bivalve, bioturbator
Maldanidae - "conveyor belt" species
Mobile polychaetes - general bioturbators
Micopholis atra - ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structure;
Physical; Ig patch of sand without mud on left side 16-25 cm deep.
lots of shell hash on surface
Biological; few maldanid tubes, some back-filled burrows,
cerianthid trace or streaks at 19-28 cm, few mobile
polychaete traces
-------
Station; 44 9-78
Area; just north of Buckroe Beach (24 ft)
Depth Penetration; 13 cm
Sediment; well sorted fine sand with lots of shell hash
Visual Structure;
Physical; surface rippled with wave height of 2 cm. Wave
length 1/2 width of box. lots of shells.
Biological; Mulinia lateralis on surface, Glycerid polychaetes
5-10-cm.
Important Biogenic Agents:
Mulinia lateralis - produces "sitz" marks
Glycera dibranchiata - ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structure;
Physical; lots of shell hash, ripple at right end surface, mud
chart under crest. Very dynamic
Biological; one back-filled burrow
-------
Station: 45 9-78
Area; western side near the James .River (29 ft)
Depth Penetration; 27 cm
Sediment; medium fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical - few pebbles
Biological - Busycon on surface, maldanid tubes, phoronid tubes
Important Biogenic Structures;
Busycon carica - "plower"
Mobile polychaetes - Pseudoeurythoe, Glycera, Scoloplos
X-ray Structures; no x-ray
-------
Station; 46 9-78
Area; mid Bay off Fishermen's Island (49 ft)
Depth Penetration; 18 cm
Sediment; muddy sand, poorly sorted
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - Pectinaria tubes on surface, terebellid tubes beyond
17 cm, Yoldia & Tellina in 0-5 cm layer, Cerebratulus in 5-10
cm layer
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectinaria gouldii - mobile tube dweller, "conveyor belt species"
Asychis elongata - large tube dwelling polychaete
Mobile fauna - Glycera, Pseudeurythoe, Cerebratulus
X-ray Structures;
Physical - shell fragments 0-5 cm
Biological - L_. medusae tubes, grey bioturbate texture due to
mobile fauna
-------
Station: 47 9-78
Area; Hampton Roads (44 ft) Depth Penetration; 38 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand
Visual Structure;
Physical; none
Biological; Terebellid & Maldanid tubes all the way down
Important Biogenic Structures;
Upogebia affinis - decapod burrower
Terebellidae - large tube dwelling polychaete
Maldanidae - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical - patch of layered mud-sand (laminated) at 7-8 cm.
Shell hash patchy at 20-26 cm
Biological - few P_. pinnata burrows, a Pectinaria tube, maldanid
tube, several glycerid burrows deeper down & capitellid
traces deep
-------
Station; 48 9-78
Area; off Little Creek (28 ft) Depth Penetration; 18 cm
Sediment; a fine sand with lots of shell hash
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - Mulinia lateralis on top. Loimia medusa tube,
mobile polychaetes
Important Biogenic Structures:
Loimia medusa - large tube dwelling polychaete
Paraprionospio pinnata - small burrows
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua - deep burrowing polychaete
X-ray Structures;
Physical - shell lag area 10-15 cm
Biological; numerous P_. pinnata burrows at 0-7 cm, lots of
glycerid traces, grey bioturbate texture from mobile fauna
-------
Station; 49 9-78
Area; off Lynnhaven (38 ft) Depth Penetration; 55 cm
Sediment; muddy sand top 20 cm than sandy mud 20-55 cm
Visual Structures;
Physical - more clay 40-50 cm
Biological - surface mucoid tubes of P_. pinnata and Ampelisca,
Yoldia at 0-5 cm. Maldanid tubes to 20 cm, glycerid burrow
25-30 cm, Mulinia shells below 20 cm, lots of mud filled
burrows 35-40 cm, capitellid burrows, more glycerid burrows
to 50 cm
Important Biogenic Agents;
Yoldia limatula - deposit feeding mollusc bioturbator
Upogebia affinis - large deep burrowing decapod
Maldanids - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical - top 8 cm sandier, patches of mud with thin sand layer
at 1-5 cm and 30 cm
Biological - lots shell hash top 8 cm lot of mottling of back-
filled burrows in last 30 cm (probably Asychis and Glycerids)
-------
Station; 50 9-78
Area: off Cape Henry (58') Depth Penetration: 22 cm
Sediment: medium-fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; Nassarius crawling on top, mobile polychaetes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, Orbinids, Arabellids
X-ray Structures;
Physical - large Ensis shell, slight layering on top 1 cm
Biological - small worm traces, general grey bioturbate texture
-------
Station; 76 6-79
Area; Tangier Sound (98 ft) Depth Penetration; 30 cm
Sediment; mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - black fluid mud, methane gas holes, dead hydroids
throughout
Biological - lots of ampeliscid tubes on top, few Pectinaria on
surface
Important Biogenic Agents;
Macoma balthica - deposit feeding bivalve
Ampelisca abdita - stabilizing tubes
Nereis succinea - ventilates its burrow
Pectinaria gouldii - mobile tube dweller, "conveyor belt" species
Capitellids - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical; darker mud band 2-4 cm
hydroid mat produces mottling, methane bubbles 10-15 cm
Biological; numerous sinuous worm burrows (P_. pinnata,
Mediomastus, small Nereis)
-------
Station; 77 6-79
Area; south of the Potomac River mouth (65 ft)
Depth Penetration; 47 cm
Sediment: muddy medium-fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical - top sandy mud (0-2 cm) than slightly muddy sand
Biological - lots Pseudeurythoe ambigua, few ampeliscid tubes,
Pectinaria tubes & Clymenella tubes. An abandoned cerianthid
anemone tube
Important Biogenic Agents;
Nereis succinea --ventilates its burrow
Pseudeurythoe ambigua - deep mobile burrower
Glycera dibranchiata - ventilates its burrow
X-ray Structures;
Physical - mottling
Biological - many small worm traces (probably juvenile Nereis)
5-30 cm lots of back-filled burrows producing the mottling
-------
Station; 78 9-78
Area; Tangier Sound (78 ft) Depth of penetration; 35 cm
Sediment; mud - first 10 cm, 10-40 cm medium coarse sand
Visual Structures:
Physical - first 10 cm mud than coarse sand
Biological - Nereis & P_. pinnata near surface, no back-filled
burrow noted, deep down some old amphipod tubes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Macoma balthica - deposit feeding bivalve
Ampelisca abdita - its tubes stabilizes surface, increases
sedimentation
P^ pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
Nereis succinea - medium burrowing polychaete, ventilates its
burrow
X-ray Structures;
Physical; good demarcation between mud and sand at 5-10 cm,
shell lag upper 10 cm^wavy sand laminae in upper 5 cm
of mud
Biological; Mulinia at surface, Nereis succinea burrows,
Pectinaria tubes, few back-filled burrows
-------
Station; 79 9-78
Area: south of Potomac River Mouth (60')
Depth of Penetration; 30 cm
Sediment; mud (black, fluid)
Visual Structures;
Physical; fluid mud
Biological; few Mulinia on surface
Important Biogenic Agents;
P_. pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
X-ray Structures;
Physical - density change with higher mud content 0-8 cm than
sandier further down - not supported by grain size data
maybe just more cohesive
Biological - thin burrows 0-5 cm (probably P_. pinnata)
larger Nereis succinea branched burrow at 9-14 cm.
Mulinia on surface, 3-6 cm lots of capitellid traces
-------
Station; 80 6-79
Area; south Tangier Island (58 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; alternating muddy sand to fine sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - scattered ampeliscid tubes, Loimia tube & Pectinaria
tubes
Important Biogenic Structures;
Ampelisca abdita - stabilizes sediment surface
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Heteromastus filiformis - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical - laminated mud and sand layers
Biological - Pectinaria tubes, large abandoned Loimia medusa tubes
pierce laminae, capitellid traces
-------
Station; 81 6-79
Area; Pocomoke Sound (51 ft) Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; muddy sand
Visual Structures;
Physical - sand gets coarser with depth
Biological - mucoid tubes of P_. pinnata on surface, old Loimia
medusae tubes, few back-filled burrows. Some Pectinaria
tubes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Loimia medusa - large tube dwelling polychaete
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua - mobile polychaete
X-ray Structures;
Physical - lots of shell hash, surface muddier with thin sand
layering. Few pebbles & wood
Biological - mottled with back-fill burrows below 8 cm. Lots of
Pectinaria on surface Asychis elongata tube 4-11 cm.
-------
Station; 82 6-79
Area: western shore between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers
(80 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 30 cm .
Sediment; mud (black, fluid)
Visual Structures:
Physical; fluid mud
Biological; none
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectiharia gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical; methane gas holes, wavy layering top 2 cm and
5-7 cm, mud layer at 10-11 cm and 15-17 cm
Biological! few Mulinia shells, general bioturbate texture at
2-4 cm and 6-12 cm
-------
Station; 83 6-79
Area: north Rappahannock River (40 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - methane gas holes
Biological - large cerianthid back-filled burrow, lots of
P^. pinnata, Macoma at 10 cm.
Important Biogenic Agents;
Cerebratulus lacteus - general bioturbator
]?. pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
1J. succinea - medium burrowing polychaete, ventilates its burrow
Capitellids - "conveyor belt" species
Macoma balthica - deposit feeding bivalve
X-ray Structures;
Physical - nothing
Biological - many long thin burrows of JP. pinnata from 0-12 cm,
6-40 cm back-filled burrows, Macoma at 6 cm, 4 mm burrow
of Nereis succinea at 3-7 cm. Another at 27-34 cm
-------
Station: 84 6-79
Area; mid Bay, north of the Rappahannock River (42 ft.)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment - mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - large cerianthid back-filled burrow, lots of back-
filled burrows
Important Biogenic Agents:
Ceriantheopsis americanus - large tube dwelling anemone
Asychis elongata - large tube dwelling polychaete
Nereis succinea - medixjm burrowing polychaete, ventilates its
burrow
X-ray Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - lots of JP. pinnata burrows upper 12 cm, 3.5 cm wide
back-filled cerianthid tube, 5 mm Asychis tube 9-15 cm.
few Pectinaria on surface, few Mulinia on surface
-------
Station; 85 6-79
Area; mid Bay between the Potomac and Rappahannock River (39 ft.)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; few Pectinaria on surface, few back-filled burrows
Important Biogenic Agents;
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical - Mulinia shell hash layer 0-10 cm
Biological - few Mulinia near surface, few thin burrows 0-2 cm,
few juvenile Pectinaria tubes near surface, few vertical
burrows 0-8 cm, lots of back-filled burrows 8-37 cm
-------
Station; 86 6-79
Area; in the mouth of the Rappahannock River (61 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 30 cm
Sediment; mud (black, fluid)
Visual Structures;
Physical - fluid, gas bubbles
Biological - none
Important Biogenic Agents; none
X-ray Structure;
Physical - thin sand laying top 2 cm than gas bubbles. Some
sand layering 6-7 cm. lots of shell hash 1-5 cm
Biological - nothing significant
-------
Station; 87 6-79
Area; off Piankatank River (33 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - few maldanid tubes, back-filled burrows, few
Pectinaria tubes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Chaetopterus variopedatus - large tube dwelling polychaete
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Capitellids - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera americana - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates its
burrow
Loimia medusa - large tube dwelling polychaete
X-ray Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - lots of juvenile Pectinaria on surface, lots of P_.
pinnata burrows in the 0-7 cm, lots of small scattered
capitellid burrows, back-filled burrows 5-40 cm
-------
Station; 88 6-79
Area; mid bay between Rappahannock River and Mobjack Bay (38 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 45 cm
Sediment: fine sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - U shaped Loimia medusa tube, Pectinaria on surface,
lots of Mulinia, small Busycon on surface
Important Biogenic Agents;
Mulinia lateralis - small burrowing bivalve
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt species", ventilates
JP. pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
Capitellid - "conveyor belt" species
Glycerids - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates
Asychis - large tube dwelling polychaete
X-ray Structures
Physical - few pebbles
Biological - Pectinaria & Mulinia on surface. P_. pinnata 0-11 cm,
capitellid burrows 0-10 cm, few back-filled burrows
-------
Station; 89 9-78
Area; Eastern Shore between Rappahannock and York Rivers (40 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 30 cm
Sediment; muddy sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; few hydroids on top, lots of maldanid and Pectinaria
tubes, Sabellaria reef, Loimia medusa tube, lots of mobile
polychaetes, Molgula on top
Important Biogenic Agents;
Clymenella sp. - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, P_. ambigua, capitellids - bioturbators
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Molgula manhattensis - prolific biodepositor
X-ray Structure;
Physical; none
Biological; lots of juvenile Clymenella 0-7 cm, lots of ]?. pinnata
burrows, grey bioturbate texture from mobile fauna
-------
Station: 90 6-79
Area; Wolf Trap (26 ft) Depth of Penetration; 20 cm
Sediment; fine-medium sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; few mud layers below 10 cm
Biological; lots of tnaldanid tubes and Spiophanes bombyx tubes,
mobile polychaetes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Ensis directus - burrowing bivalve
Oligochaete - "conveyor belt" species
Spiophanes bombyx - tube dwelling polychaete, stabilizes
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, Pseudeurythoe, Scoloplos bioturbation
X-ray Structures;
Physical - thin mud layers at 12, 16, 20, 21 and 25 cm. few
mud layers below 20 cm
Biological - lots of Ensis traces, 0-7 cm. long thin burrows.
Mulinia shell hash layers at 12, 16, 20, 21 and 25 cm. (seems
to be associated with thin mud layers)
-------
Station; 91 6-79
Area; Eastern Shore between Rappahannock and York Rivers (30 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 20 cm
Sediment; medium-fine sand
Visual .Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - numerous Mulinia, Ensis and Tellina bivalves, lots of
Clymenella tubes, mobile polychaetes and phoronid tubes
Important Biological Agents;
Ensis directus - burrowing bivalve
Tellina agilis - burrowing bivalve
Callianassa atlantica - large burrowing decapod
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Spiophanes bombyx - tube dwelling polychaete, stabilizes
Mobile polychaete - Glycera, Pseudoeurythoe, Scoloplos - bioturbators
X-ray Structure; none, dropped
-------
Station; 92 6-79
Area; in Mobjack Bay (20 ft) Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud (fluid)
Visual Structures;
Physical - fluid mud
Biological - watery tubes, lots of P_. pinnata
Important Biogenic Agents; none
X-ray Structure;
Physical; frozen so partially destroyed
Biological; deep worm traces
-------
Station; 93 6-79
Area; off the mouth of Mobjack Bay (43 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud to sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; small maldanid and ampeliscid tubes, dead hydroid
fragments throughout, large Cerebratulus found just outside
the box. lots of P_. pinnata
Important Biogenic Agents;
Cerebratulus lacteus - bioturbator
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
P_. pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
Asychis elongata - tube dwelling polychaete
X-ray Structure; frozen
Physical: mud layer at 20 cm
Biological; few back-filled burrows. Grey bioturbate texture
-------
Station: 94 6-79
Area; mid Bay off Mobjack Bay (55 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 40 cm
Sediment; sandy mud
Visual Structures;
Physical - none
Biological - large ampeliscid tubes, lots of Asabelljdes and
Pectinaria tubes, old cerianthid tube, glycerid burrow,
Thyone briareus
Important Biological Agents;
Glycera americana - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates
Thyone briareus - large deposit feeding holothurian
Ceriantheopsis americanus - large tube dwelling anemone
Cerebratulus lacteus - bioturbator
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
X-ray Structures;
Physical; Mytilus edulis shells at 30 cm
Biological; lots of juvenile Pectinaria on surface, some
Clymenella tubes, large mud traces of back-filled burrows
Asychis tube 15-20 cm
-------
Station: 95 6-79
Area: mouth of the York River (35 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 50 cm
Sediment; mud
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; ]?. pinnata tubes on surface, few maldanid and
Ampeliscid tubes, glycerid traces, old Cerianthid tubes.
Many back-filled burrows
Important Biogenic Agents;
Glycera sp. - large burrowing polychaete
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
JP. pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
Capitellids and oligochaetes - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical; some sand layering at 15-35 cm
Biological; many Pectinaria juveniles on surface, long P_. pinnata
burrows 0-10 cm, few small Mediomastus burrows at surface
many back-filled burrow 7-35 cm. Macoma shell layer 12-14 cm
7-20 cm many capitellid burrows
-------
Station; 96 6-79
Area: mid Bay near York Spit Channel (27')
Depth of Penetration; 13 cm
Sediment; all fine sand
Visual Structure;
Physical; none
Biological - large Diopatra tube, few maldanid tubes, lots of
Ensis, Busycon on surface
Important Biogenic Agents;
Glycera americana - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates
Ensis directus - burrowing bivalve, bioturbator
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
Spiophanes bombyx - tube dwelling polychaete, stabilizes
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Capitellids - "conveyor belt" species
X-ray Structures;
Physical; some sand layering top 0-4 cm, shallow cavity on surface
Biological; Ensis tubes, Diopatra tube, Pectinaria on surface,
Clymenella tubes, lots of small thin branched burrows 0-1 cm
-------
Station; 97 6-79
Area; north of Cape Charles (110 ft)
Depth of Penetration; 20 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical;
Biological - lots Pectinaria on surface, some glycerid traces
Important Biogenic Agents;
Tellina agilis - burrowing bivalve, bioturbator
Nereis succinea - medium burrow dwelling polychaete, ventilates
Oligochaete - "conveyor belt" species
Sabellaria vulgaris - builds "reefs" of sand .
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera americana - burrowing polychaete s .
X-ray Structure;
Physical - top 4 cm darker (muddier), lots of shell hash
Biological - lots of Pectinaria, few mud burrows, mostly grey
bioturbate texture
-------
Station; 98 6-79
Area; off Newport News (61 ft) Depth of Penetration; 13 cm
Sediment; muddy gravely coarse sand, poorly sorted
Visual Structures:
Physical; very heterogeneous sediment-mud gravel, hydroidg. shells,
junk and large rock on top
Biological; three large Callianassid burrows, mobile polychaetes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Callianassa atlantica - large burrowing decapod
Nereis succinea - medium burrow dwelling polychaete, ventilates
Oligochaetes - "conveyor belt" species
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, Orbinids, Arabella, Marphysa
X-ray Structures;
Physical; mud clasts, lots of shells, hash, gravel and stones
Biological; few Nereis burrows
-------
Station: 99 6-79
Area: Hampton Roads (55 ft) Depth of Penetration; 39 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; shell layer at 10 cm
Biological; maldanid tubes, Ensis directus burrows, long Glycerid
burrow to 20 cm., Pockets of fluid mud, cerianthid tube
Important Biogenic Agents;
Ensis directus - burrowing bivalve, bioturbator
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera americana - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates
X-ray Structures;
Physical; lot of shell hash 5-15 cm. Darker mud band at
15-20 cm, large rock on surface
Biological; few Pectinaria on surface, three Asychis burrows
14-30 cm, back-filled burrows 15-35 cm
-------
Station: 100 6-79
Area: off Cape Henry (62 ft) Depth of Penetration: 11 cm
Sediment; fine-medium sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; Ensis burrows. Mobile polychaetes
Important Biogenic Agents:
Capitellids - "conveyor belt" species
Mobile polychaete: Glycera, Magelona, Drilonereis
X-ray Structures;
Physical; iron oxide traces, sand layering in cross trough bedding
Biological - large Loimia medusae tube, small worm traces
(Capitellids), Ensis directus traces, few thin Y branched
burrows (probably juvenile glycerid)
-------
Station; 103 4-79
Area: mouth of the York River (25 ft)
Depth of Penetration: 17 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand, lots of oyster shells
Visual Structures;
Physical - oyster shell layer at 5-12 cm
Biological - lots of Clymenella tubes
Important Biogenic Agents;
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species, ventilates
Paraprionospio pinnata - small burrowing polychaete
Glycera sp. - large burrowing polychaete, ventilates
X-ray Structures;
Physical - slight mud layering on top
Biological - oyster shells 5-12 cm, with tubes
-------
Station; 104 4-79
Area; near Wolf Trap Depth of Penetration; 57 cm
Sediment; muddy fine sand
Visual Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; hydroid community on top, lots of back-filled
burrows, cerianthid tube, lots of Pectinaria on surface,
large Cerebratulus leaving traces
Important Biogenic Agents;
Sertularia - hydroid, changes surface topography
Cerebratulus lacteus - bioturbator
Molgula manhattensis - biodepositor
Paraprionospio pinnata - small burrowing worm
Nereis succinea - medium burrowing worm, ventilates
Pectinaria gouldii - "conveyor belt" species
Mobile polychaetes - Glycera, orbinids, etc.
X-ray Structures;
Physical; large mud patches
Biological; back-filled burrow of Glycera or cerianthids, small
worms traces 0-5 cm (probably ₯_. pinnata) few Pectinaria on
surface
-------
Station; 105 4-79
Area; Eastern Shore off Cape Charles City
Depth of Penetration; 40 cm
Sediment: muddy fine sand
Visual Structures;
i
Physical; none
Biological; lots of Clymenella tubes, large Cerebratulus^ burrowing
leaving a smooth oval burrow. Glycerid type back-filled
burrows and traces. Ophiuroid with commensal polynoid at
7 cm, terebellid tubes, large Yoldia limatula, Asychis tube.
Important Biogenic Agents;
Yoldia limatula - deposit feeding bivalve
Cerebratulus lacteus - bioturbator
Ceriantheopsis americanus - large tube dwelling anemone
Micropholis atra - ventilates
Clymenella torquata - "conveyor belt" species
Capitellidae - "conveyor belt" species
Oligochaetes - "conveyor belt" species
Glycera sp. - large burrowing polychaete, ventilator
Loimia medusa - large tube dwelling polychaete
X-ray Structures;
Physical; none
Biological; Clymenella tubes, large Pectinaria, small worm traces,
general grey bioturbate structure from mobile fauna
-------
Appendix F
Description of the biogen'ic structures of some of the common and
important macrobenthic organisms found in the lower Chesapeake Bay
Hydrozoa
Sertularia argentea - dead forms of this species break off
during storms and are transported to certain areas where
they are buried. They appear as black streaks and dots
in our radiographs (ex. Sta. 76).
Anthozoa
Ceriantheopsis americanus - a large tube dwelling anemone which
may be up to 2 cm in diameter and may go beyond 60 cm in
depth. The tube is made of tough cnidae and persists long
after the animal dies allowing for surface material to fill
in (ex. Sta. 84). For more details on this organism and
. its structure see Frey (1970).
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus - large predator (2 cm in diameter and 120
cm long) randomly burrowing as it searches for food. We
have found specimens hanging from the bottom of 55 cm
cores. As it burrows it leaves a oval opening matching
its body. Howard and Frey (1975) found that its foraging
traces do not remain open long and its effect is that of
general bioturbation. Like other nemerteans, Cerebratulus
produces copious amounts of mucous which may have a binding
effect on sediment grains (see Station Drawing 93b).
Phoronida
Phoronis sp. - a tentaculate suspension feeder which builds a
long thin straight tube of sand from 0-15 cm in length
and <1 mm in diameter. May serve to stabilize the sediments
at high densities (Ronan 1978).
Mollusca
Busycon carica - large carnivorous gastropod, (up to .20 cm) which
plows the top several centimeters of sediment leaving furrows
behind it. Results of this action is the destruction of
physical layering leaving a more homogeneous bioturbated
texture. (See Station Drawing 40a).
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Appendix F (continued)
Mollusca (continued)
Ensis directus - deep infaunal suspension feeding bivalve. It
forms a slightly inclined burrow, which we have found as
deep as 20 cm, but is known to occur as deep as 50 cm.
(Allen 1954). We have found it to have a halo of lighter
colored (oxygenated) sediment around the burrow. It is
an extremely fast burrower and probably contributes to
the highly bioturbated sands that it is commonly found
in. (See Station Drawing lOOc) .
Mulinia lateralis - shallow infaunal suspension feeding bivalve.
We found size ranges <.5 mm to 20 mm. It can occur in
large densities (approximately 30,000 per m^ at station 87).
It is this bivalve which contributes most heavily to the
shell hash over most of the bay. Their colonization and
die off sequences can be seen as distinct shell layers in
several of our cores (see radiograph of Sta. 82).
Polychaeta
Asabellides oculata - a tentaculate deposit feeding ampharetid
polychaete which is unusual because it builds a tube
horizontally along the sediment surface. Tube has a
thin membrane lining with coarse debris. (See Station
Drawing 84o).
Asychis elongata - a deep deposit feeding maldanid polychaete
which produces a mud reinforced tube. Unlike other
members of the maldanid family, Asychis feeds on the
surface. Its tube is usually 4-6 mm wide and up to 50 cm
long. It often becomes back-filled when abandoned.
(See Station Drawing 88v).
Clymenella torquata - a deep deposit feeding maldanid polychaete
which builds a thin (2-3 mm) sand tube to depths of 15-20
cm. Because of its foraging habit of feeding at the bottom
of its tube (20 cm) and defecating on the surface, Rhoads
(1974) called it a "conveyor belt" species. This species
is very common in muddy sands and sand of the bay and is
responsible for recycling old buried materials. It also
irrigates its tube often causing metals to form insoluble
oxides around it. In some of our radiographs faint white
lines can be seen around its burrows due to these metal
oxides. In our visual observation the loadings appear as
an orange rust appearance. (See Radiographs 89 and 103).
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Appendix F (continued)
Polychaeta (continued)
Diopatra cuprea tubiculous carnivore which decorates the top
third of its tube with bits of shell, hydroids, pebbles
and other coarse material. Not significant in our study
but may be locally abundant (Wass 1972). (See Sta.
drawing 96 and radiograph 96).
Glycera dibranchiata and G^ americana - infauna omnivores which
produce inclining vertical burrows of 4-6 mm and up to 50 cm
in depth. These commonly become backfilled. A halo of
oxidized sediment surrounds these burrow. See Howard and
Frey 1975 for more details on burrow morphology. (See
Sta. drawing 85g).
Heteromastus filiformis - small infaunal subsurface deposit
feeding capitellid polychaete. It builds small (<.5 mm
diameter 30 cm deep) multibranched feeding burrows with a
vertical defecation tube so it is another "conveyor belt"
species. A more complete description of its sediment
reworking can be found in Cadee (1979). (See Station
Drawing 80i).
Loimia medusa - tentaculate deposit feeding terebellid polychaete.
It builds a mud reinforced U shaped tube. They are often
back-filled. It produce fecal mounds producing a micro-
topography. (See Sta. drawing 87p).
Mediomastus ambiseta - small infaunal subsurface deposit feeding
capitellid polychaete. Like Heteromastus it is a "conveyor
belt" species but is confined to the top 5 cm. (See Sta.
drawing 95o).
Nereis succinea - infaunal omnivore. It builds a complex burrow
(up to 6 mm in diameter) with several openings to the
surface as well as blind feeding branches. Fairly common
to 15 cm in depth occasionally large adults to 50 cm.
By ventilating its burrow it produces a halo of oxidized
sediment in the anaerobic zone. This organism was
designated to the most important species in the
bioturbation of a New Hamshire estuary (Winston and
Anderson 1971).
Paraprionospio pinnata - infaunal surface deposit feeding spionid
polychaete. It forms a temporary burrow of .5 mm in
diameter and down to 15 cm in depth although usually does
not exceed 7 cm in depth. The burrow is very meandering
with a mostly vertical component. This is our most common
small burrow. (See Radiograph 84).
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Appendix F (continued)
Polychaeta (continued)
Pectinaria gouldii - shallow infaunal deposit feeding pblychaete
(size range 2-68 mm). It produces a well constructed tube
of sand grains, resembling an ice cream cone. It buries
until the tip of its tube is at the sediment-water
interface, feeding at the bottom and defecating on the
surface ("conveyor belt" species). A lot of work on the
biology and sediment reworking by this animal has been
done (Gordon 1966, Rhoads 1967, Whitlatch 1974). Juveniles
were extremely abundant in almost all of our cores in the
spring of 1979. (See Sta. drawing 81o).
Polydora ligni - a small suspension feeding spionid polychaete
which builds silty U-shaped tubes. Galstoff (1964) reports
its presence in Delaware Bay was responsible for the burial
of oyster beds due to increase sedimentation rate caused by
the suspension feeding biodeposition activities of this
spionid polychaete.
Pseudoeurythoe ambigua - deep infaunal sub-surface deposit
feeding polychaete. No burrow associated with this
organism, a random burrower. It is one of the few organisms
which occurs below 10 cm in muddy sediments without a direct
connection to the surface. Its' respiratory physiology
would be an interesting study.
Sabellaria vulgaris - suspension feeding polychaete which builds a
very hard sand tube often interwining with other,Sabellaria
vulgaris tubes to form "mini reefs". Assorted epifauna
which could not survive the soft bottom are associated with
the Sabellaria structures (hydroids, Anadara, Molgula
caprellids, etc.).
Scoloplos sp. - a sub-surface deposit feeding orbinid which has no
permanent structures associated to it. Its' random burrowing
in search for food produces the homogeneous bioturbate texture
seen in many of our muddy sand and sand cores.
Spiochaetopterus occulatus - a suspension feeding polychaete which
builds long, thin, straight tubes of clear chitin. Only
abandoned tubes transported from other areas (Zostera beds)
were found.
Spiophanes bombyx - tentaculate surface deposit feeding polychaete
which builds a loosely constructed sand tube approximately 4
cm long and 2-3 mm wide. (See Sta. Drawing 90aa)
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Appendix F (continued)
Polychaeta (continued)
Streblospio benedicti - small surface deposit feeding spionid
which produces flimsy mucous tubes which project a few mm.
from the surface. Frey (1970) tells how these organisms
may be used as current vanes. (See Sta. drawing 86e).
Oligochaeta
Oligochaete sp. - small subsurface deposit feeding annelid.
Another "conveyor belt" species.
Amphipoda
Ampelisca abdita - tube dwelling surface deposit feeder. It has
been found to form tense tube mats (^ 68,000/m^) which
stabilizes surface and may increase the sedimentation of
fine material (Harrison and Lynch 1970). (See radiograph
of Sta. 78 and station drawings of 30, 76 and 78).
Decapoda
Callianassa atlantica - a deposit feeding shrimp. It builds large
(2 cm diameter) burrows with complex brancing and several
openings to the surface. Both Shinn (1968) and Howard &
Frey (1975) describe the burrows in greater detail. (See
Sta. drawing 98).
Echinodermata
Micropholis atra - a deposit feeding ophiuroid found 5-12 cm deep.
Usually 2 to 3 arms extend down anchoring the animal while
the remaining arms reach the surface for feeding. A cavity
surrounds the animal which it ventilates causing a halo of
oxygenated sediments around it. (See Sta. drawing 105).
Thyohe briareus - large deposit feeding holothurians. Moyers
(1977) discusses the effect on sediment properties produced
by the bioturbation of a deposit feeding sea cucumber.
(See Sta. drawing 94).
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