User's Guide for SEDDEP: A Program for Computing Seabed Deposition Rates of Outfall Particulates in Coastal Marine Environments C.A. Bodeen et al. September 19, 1989 ------- User's Guide for SEDDEP: A Program for Computing Seabed Deposition Rates of Outfall Particulates in Coastal Marine Environments BY C. A. Bodeen1, T. J. H&ndricks2, W. E'. Frick3, D. J. Baumgartner4, J. E. Yerxa5, and A. Steele6 September 19, 1989 1. AScI Corporation, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon. 2. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. 3. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon. 4. Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon. 5. Computer Science Corporation, Hatfield Marine Science Cen- ter, Newport, Oregon. 6. County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California. ------- FOREWORD Effective siting of municipal ocean outfalls and proper treatment of effluent prior to discharge depends to a large degree on the fate of effluent particulates in the marine environment. Field experience has shown that unacceptable environmental impacts have been associated with the accumulation of sewage and industrial waste particulates on the seabed, perhaps more consistently than any other effect. Consequently, regulatory agencies have sought methods that permit writers could use to describe the seabed sedimentation of effluent particulates as a way to control the degree of environmental impact from discharge of suspended solids in effluents. Mathematical models simulating the behavior of suspended particulate material in the coastal environment have been the tool of choice because of their generality. The ease of application of models is inversely related to the complexity of the environmental processes incorporated in the model and the degree of detail^provided .in the results of the simulation. The model described in this User's Guide is consid- erably more complex than other models presently available to regulatory agencies and characteristically requires more input information and greater user attention than simpler models. The user may reasonably expect to gain proficiency with its use so that after an introductory training period of 10 to 20 hours, subsequent analyses could be conducted in about an hour. Even though the model attempts to account for complexity in the ambient current regime and non uniform bathymetry near an ocean outfall, many physical and biological processes are not simulat- ed, thus uncertainty in the results as compared to field measure- ments can be expected. Also, in spite of efforts to provide clear, but detailed instructions and useful examples, users may find problems with use of the model that we have not addressed. Modifications to the model and the computer program will continue to be made as suggestions from users are received. Copies of the computer program incorporating improvements will bear a sequen- tial numeric indicator in the title, e.g. SEDDEP1, SEDDEP2, et seq. and a date to aid in technical assistance to users. If a copy of the executable program is desired, please mail or telefax your request to EPA, Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365. (FAX: 503-867-4490). D. J. Baumgartner Project Director 11 ------- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This User's Guide was supported financially by the offices of Marine and Estuarine Protection and Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, as part of their efforts to improve the technical basis for ocean outfall regulatory deci- sions. The original model development work was done under an EPA grant to the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, CA, whose continuing cooperative efforts are also acknowledged. This report is EPA contribution 109-ERL-N. iii ------- ABSTRACT User's Guide for SEDDEP: A Program for Computing Seabed Deposition Rates of Outfall Particulates in Coastal Marine Environments C. A. Bodeen, T. J. Hendricks, W. E. Frick, D. J. Baumgartner, J. E. Yerxa, and A. Steele This paper describes a computer program which combines current meter data and particle settling concepts to provide an approxi- mation to the distribution of seabed wastefield sediment deposi- tion in a marine environment. S&ie program runs on IBM-PC compat- ibles as well as on DEC VAX machines. SEDDEP is written in FORTRAN and can be adapted to operate on many other computers as well. Details of the technique, including the methods by which current meter data and settling speed information are used to represent pseudo-streamlines and deposition rates. Methods of data preparation including options in units of meas- urement are explained. Run time instructions and detailed examples of input and output are given for a simple problem with a single current meter and planar bathymetry and for a second problem involving an actual situation offshore from San Francisco, California with real depths and real multiple current meters. iv ------- CONTENTS; FOREWORD ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ill ABSTRACT iv CONTENTS V 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. BASIC CONCEPTS 2 2.1. The Release and Progressive Vector Diagrams 2 2.1.1. Coastal Boundary Effects 7 2.1.2. Limitations on the Bathymetry 9 2.2. Grid Layout 10 2.3. Current Meters *-•*' 15 2.3.1. Distorted Grid and Multiple Current Meters 16 2.4. Sedimentation Tables 18 2.5. Multiple Current Meters 20 3. HOW TO PREPARE DATA 24 3.1. General Rules for Input 24 3.1.1. Comment Lines . 24 3.1.2. Alphabetic Input Lines 25 3.1.3. Numeric Input Lines 25 3.2. Modeling Details 29 3.2.1. The Grid 30 3.2.2. Bathymetry 3 2 3.2.3. Current Meters 33 3.3. The Structure of the Main Data File 37 4. EXAMPLE 1: INPUT 39 4.1.. Example 1: Run Title and Units 39 4.2. Example 1: Grid 43 4.3. Example 1: Depth 46 4.4. Example 1: Current Meters 49 4.5. Example 1: Particle Groups 52 5. RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS . 58 5.1 Installation 58 5.2 Running the Program 60 6. EXAMPLE 1: OUTPUT 69 7. ERRORS: Corrective Actions • 75 8. RESTRICTIONS 78 9. EXAMPLE 2 79 ------- 1. INTRODUCTION This program provides an objective approximation to the initial deposition rate of wastewater particulates on the seabed in the vicinity of a sewage or industrial outfall in a coastal environ- ment (Baumgartner et al, in prep). It combines bathymetric, current meter , and settling rate data to estimate where, and at what rate, settling particles reach the bottom. The user should understand that although initial deposition from the water column appears to yield a reasonable approximation of particulate accu- mulation at some outfalls, other processes including resuspen- sion, transport, and redeposition, which are not included in SEDDEP appear to play important roles at other sites. The user supplies a definition of the problem in the form of a rectangular grid, depths at grid intersections, tabular current data, information about the falling speeds of the particles, and other related information. ------- 2. BASIC CONCEPTS 2.1. The Release and Progressive Vector Diagrams The program uses the current meter data to define a series of displacement vectors. Sequential displacements are placed end-to-end to form a progressive vector diagram, PVD. The PVDs approximate the movements of packets of discharged particles. With one current meter the resSilts are equivalent to assuming that the currents are the same at all points in the grid. With multiple meters currents in different regions of the grid can be described. The PVD technique can assume that the simultaneous currents at every point in each region are the same, or the currents may created as an average reading (based on inverse square distance) from up to 10 meters. Unit masses"of particles discharged at the outfall are known as releases. A release corresponds to each datum in the current meter record, but the user need not select every release for a particular study. A range of releases can be specified and the user may instruct SEDDEP to skip through the current meter obser- vations rather than to use every release. ------- Each release of particles rises with the plume, hence, the ini- tial depth of the particles is specified and is referred to as the initial wastefield depth. This depth is determined by the fluid mechanics of plume formation. Mathematical models, e.g. Muellenhoff, et al (1985) or field observations can be used to determine the depth. The depth of the pycnocline may be a good approximation for two layer systems, but if the density gradient is large, then a more suitable elevation may be 5/6 of the eleva- tion of the pycnocline above the diffuser. The model does not treat the details of the plume rise, but as- sumes that each PVD starts directly over the diffuser. Zero time for each PVD corresponds to a current meter time increment when the plume starts away from the outfall. i Starting at time zero, the particles begin to fall and the cur- rent moves the mass step by step to the end of the PVD. The release generally contains a range of particle sizes and masses that settle at different rates. Consequently, each release is actually divided into as many releases as there are specified particle sizes ranges. At the end of each time step, all the particles that have had time to reach the bottom are deposited in the cells which are under the present displacement vector. The mass remaining in the release is reduced accordingly. ------- When all of the unit mass has been deposited, or when the path exits the grid, the PVD is ended and another is started at the outfall beginning with the next user selected displacement vec- tor. This process is repeated using successively later subsets of the current data. Each current displacement vector has its X turn at being first in the generation of a pseudo-pathline. However, as was stated above, the user has some latitude in choosing which displacements will be used. Near the end of the data set, partially calculated PVDs will be started for which the supply of displacement vectors (current observations) is exhausted, but for which not all of the parti- cles have been deposited. Data from these PVDs are ignored since there is not enough information to determine in which cells all the unit mass released accumulates. This phenomenon will affect slowly falling particles which consume a large number of PVD segments more than it will the heavy particles which fall quick- ly. While it is reasonable to leave out PVDs for which there are not enough segments, it is not acceptable to eliminate PVD number 342 for a couple of light weight particle groups and to leave it in for the heavier groups. The result would be a bias in the direction of heavy particles. If any PVD runs out of segments, that PVD and any with a higher number is not run for the next, higher settling speed particle groups. This system only works if the lightest particle with the longest settling times are first in the user's list of groups. ------- If the displacements are short compared to the grid cell size, deposits can be made in the same cell for more than one contiguous vector. If vectors are long compared to the cell size, SEDDEP subdivides them so that they will deposit into each cell over which they pass. Since depositions are actually calcu- lated at the midpoint of each displacement, sometimes it is possible for one vector to drop particles twice in the same cell. A PVD vector segment which has the tail end in the grid and the head end outside the grid will'-deposit in the cell beneath the midpoint of the segment if the midpoint is in the grid. For subsequent segments of this PVD, the particle mass which is carried out of the grid is lost to the calculations, and the total mass deposited is reported only as the percentage (less than 100%) of unit mass which was already deposited by the PVD. Since calculation of the movement of the particles is terminated when the PVD leaves the grid, no attempt is made to reestablish the inventory of unit particle mass nor to determine if the PVD reenters the grid. SEDDEP is not a detailed hydrodynamic flow model and it will ignore certain conditions which are obvious to learned users. For instance, suppose there is a bar downstream from the outfall. At the bar the true currents may be fast and tidally driven. In the absence of enough current meter data to feed this information into the program, SEDDEP would use slower currents measured at ------- points of greater depth and would make unrealistic, substantial deposits on the bar. One solution to the problem might be to obtain (or fabricate) more current data for the bar. Another solution might be to remove (artificially) the bar from the bathymetric data so that some of the particle deposition which would fall on the bar would go further downstream. ». ?!- '••¥ ------- 2.1.1. Coastal Boundary Effects In general, PVDs computed by simple vector addition of displacement segments calculated from current meter records will move across the grid unaffected by the bathymetry in ways which could not occur in the real world. SEDDEP endeavors to alleviate this problem by using a two layer approximation to the current. The particles may be thought of as falling from the main flow defined by the current meters down into a second stream which runs parallel to the effective coast. (see Figure 1) which is chosen to correspond to the isobath with the same depth as the mid-depth of settling particles at the segment which is about to be added to the PVD. The speed of the lower stream is determined by the component of the current meter velocity in the direction parallel to the local isobaths. The transition from one mode to the other is performed gradually rather than abruptly. This prevents unrealistic accumulation of particlulates in shallow water. Each group of particles of different settling speeds will follow a different PVD trajectory because they will fall to the level of the coastal stream at different times and depths. ------- PVD PLAN VIEW Initial wastefield depth Cur X coastal distance ^: particle path ELEVATION Effective Coast FIGURE 1 8 ------- 2.1.2. Limitations on the Bathymetry The effective coastal boundary is defined by the position and orientation of the isobaths at the same depth as the average particles at the beginning and ending points of the PVD segment. The simulation does not look ahead for changes in the bathymetry. As a result, the effects of the coastal boundary on the flow may be estimated poorly when there are abrupt changes in the iso- baths, e.g. submarine canyons. Anomalous sedimentation predicted by SEDDEP in the vicinity of pronounced bathymetric features should be examined carefully by-the user. The coastal boundary algorithm may also fail if the depth does not monotonically increase (or remain constant) with increasing offshore position. These problems can be mitigated, to a degree, by an appropriate modification of the cell alignments, or by artificially modifying the bathymetry to ensure increasing depth with distance from the shoreline. ------- 2.2. Grid Layout Several factors are involved in the design of a grid: The program requires that the positive Y-direction be j nominally offshore at approximately right angles to the coast. This means that the X-axis is always roughly parallel to the shore. The four different options shown in Figure 2 allow the user to maintain traditional ana^geopolitical orientation of the space of the problem being solved. The choice of grid orienta- tion affects the expected order of the data by the program and the way in which the results are printed out. UP •t-x 1 1 1 +v RIGHT 1. RIGHT +y I I I +x DOWN 2. +y LEFT 3. UP +x I I I LEFT +y I I I +x DOWN 4. Four Possible Orientations of X- and Y-Axes FIGURE 2 10 ------- The overall area should be large enough to cover the region to account for most of the deposition unless the study.is purposely of a smaller, detailed zone. See Figure 3. DEPOSITION AREA 7 GRID FOR GENERAL STUDY GRID FOR DETAILED STUDY Size of Grid FIGURE 3 The size of the unit grid cells should be a balance between the detail required in the study and the relationship of the grid to the current meter displacements. The length of a typical PVD segment is an average speed times the time interval. If grid cells are much larger than these segments, many segments will deposit in a single cell -- destroying detail. On the other hand, if a segment is longer than a grid cell, the program subdi- 11 ------- vides the PVD steps into smaller segments. This does a good job of preserving the nature of the deposition, but sacrifices some detail of the current meter record. See Figure 4. PVD SEQEMENTS GRID CELLS TOO LARGE GRID CELLS TOO SMALL Size of Grid Cells FIGURE 4 12 ------- The program works best when the primary direction of the current is along the X-axis. Thus, aligning the X-direction North or South, or even parallel to the local coast line might not produce the best results. See Figure 5. 5U"-! PRIMARY CURRENT Effect of Direction of Primary Current on Grid Orientation FIGURE 5 13 ------- In cases where there is important bathymetric curvature, the user can lay out a grid which follows the bending. The program always works with a rectangular grid. To estimate the error in the deposition in each grid cell due to bending, take the difference between the area of the cell measured in the warped grid and in the rectangular grid. Divide the difference by the cell area in the rectangular grid. See Figure 6. COAST DISTORTED GRID AND COASTLINE ERROR IN A DISTORTED CELL Distorted Grid FIGURE 6 14 ------- 2.3. Current Meters Current meters are assumed to have a prime direction which can be related to the grid coordinate system by a clockwise angle meas- ured from the grid x-coordinate to the prime axis of each meter. Within the meter coordinate system the currents are defined by the current speed and direction, which is the clockwise angle from the current meter axis to the current vector. See Figure 7. METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/ X 'CURRENT DIRECTION PRIME DIRECTION Y UP-RIGHT Current Meter Measurements FIGURE 7 15 ------- 2.3.1. Distorted Grids with Multiple Current Meters Multiple current meters are described in Section 2.5.. but a certain subtlety is involved in their use in warped grids. Consider the three meters and their principal currents shown in Figure 8. Meter number 1 is near the center where the grid is properly oriented. Its principle current direction is North, which maps correctly into the rectangular grid of SEDDEP. It requires no special treatment. METER 2 METER 1 METER 3 Multiple Current Meters in a Distorted Grid FIGURE 8 16 ------- At meter number 2 the main direction of the current is North 30 degrees East. The primary axis of the meter should be mapped as North in the computer grid, so we apply a rotation of -30 degrees in the definition of the meter. s Meter number 3 has a current at 330 degrees, or North 30 degrees West and requires a rotation of +30 degrees for alignment in the rectangular grid. 17 ------- 2.4. Sedimentation Tables The principal product of the program is a table showing total amount of particle mass deposited in each cell by all releases. A table is produced for each of the particle groups and for the sum of all the groups. These tables (or maps) are created on a disk file from which they may be extracted for use by other programs or word processors. Figure 9 is an illustration of a sediment table for a small grid. The example is unusual in tha& it is the result of a single release and that all the mass settled within the grid. ( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT ) I\J = 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 2. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 3. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 12.4458 .0000 .0000 .0000 4. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 13.4422 .0000 .0000 .0000 5. .0000 .0000 .0000 37.7498 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 6. .0000 .0000 .0000 12.5017 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 7. .0000 .0000 .0000 12.5906 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 8. .0000 .0000 .0000 11.2699 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 Sedimentation Table for One PVD of One Particle Group (Percent of Total Mass) FIGURE 9 18 ------- Figure 9 shows the distribution of deposited mass for one size of particles. Section 4.5 illustrates the technique used to control the fractional or absolute nature of the deposition data. The notation "LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT" is signifi- cant because the user can choose the grid coordinated system used for input and output to have any of four orientations. See Section 2.3. Grid Layout. The positive longshore and offshore directions will be indicated on all figures which are grid relat- ed. 19 ------- 2.5. Multiple Current Meters In the event that more than one current meter is used (SEDDEP will allow up to 15) the user must define the cells of the grid in which the data from each meter is used to compute the current. If two or more meters are active in a particular grid cell, the program uses the inverse square distance (cell to meter) to form a weighted average of the displacements provided by each meter. ^t. The example in Figure 10 shows a possible arrangement of the influence of two current meters over a small 6X4 grid. The numbers followed by decimal points are the numbers of the cells in the X- and Y-directions. In the grid diagram for each cur- rent meter, the cells in which that meter is to be effective are marked with a "l"(one). A "0"(zero) is used to mark those cells which ignore the particular meter. 20 ------- w- X cell num N A | I-E S 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0 0 0 1 1 1 1. Y 0 0 0 1 1 1 2. eel 0 0 0 1 1 1 3. LI 0 0 0 1 1 1 4. num 6.1 5.| 4-1 3.| 2.| 1.1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1. 1 1 1 0 0 0 2. 1 1 1 0 0 0 3. 1 1 1 0 0 0 4. offshore > UP-RIGHT Current Meter #1 Current Meter #2 Abrupt Assignment of *£urrent Meter Influence FIGURE 10 Meter #1 is active over the south half of the grid. Meter #2 is active over the north half of the grid. If a PVD starts in the south half, it obtains displacement segments from the data for meter #1. As the PVD crosses over into the north half of the grid it abruptly obtains displacement segments from meter #2. For example, if the 632nd observation from meter #1 was being used at the time of the cross over, the 633rd observation from meter #2 will be used for the next segment. Such sudden changes in current meter application assignment may be realistic if the bathymetry involves submarine canyons or ridges, or if there are actually distinct regions of current flow. 21 ------- If the transition from meter #1 to meter #2 should, in fact, be smooth, the scheme shown in Figure 11 might be used. Here the first meter has absolute control over the cells in rows 1 and 2. The second meter controls rows 5 and 6. In rows 3 and 4 PVDs are formed of segments which are averaged, weighted by inverse square distance from the PVD to each of the two meters. X cell num N A . 1 W-j-E S 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1. Y 0 0 1 1 1 1 2. ce 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 LI ¥• ' .0 1 1 1 1 . 4. num 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1 .1 1 1 0 0 1. 1 1 1 1 0 0 2. 1 1 1 1 0 0 3. 1 1 1 1 0 0 4. Current Meter f1 UP-RIGHT Current Meter #2 Overlapping Assignment of Current Meter Influence FIGURE 11 With the exception of the approximate isobathic coastal influence layer, the program does not treat currents which are variable with depth. The displacements supplied by the current meters apply to the movement of the wastefield particles at all depths. Suppose data exist from three current meters in a vertical array over the same grid location and that these data apply over the same array of grid cells. If this information is entered into 22 ------- the program as three meters, SEDDEP will just do simple arith- metic averaging, since all three will always be the same (hori- zontal) distance from any PVD segment. If the user has several such strings of meters , it would be prudent to do arithmetic averaging of data from related meters and enter the averages instead of the raw data. * RUM TITLE ** RUN TITLE EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP * * ;.*V- UNITS SECTION * ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations, ** coastal influence distance) ** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET KM ** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step) ** HR, MIN, or SEC HR ** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS CM /SEC ** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer) ** METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS METERS ** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC CM/SEC ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE ** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT UNIT ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE ** MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED PERCENT * Part of a Typical Main Input File FIGURE 12 23 ------- 3. HOW TO PREPARE DATA The data for SEDDEP consists of one main. input file to describe the detailed nature of a particular problem, one to define the bathymetry, and one file to describe the currents from each meter. 3.1. General Rules for Input Figure 12 shows part of a main input file. The user can refer to this example while the generalities of data preparation are discussed. Each section of the complete example file is dis- cussed in detail in Section 4.. 3.1.1. Comment lines Comment lines are lines of 126 or less characters that have an asterisk in column one and record the user's remarks or provide guidance in data ordering. Comment lines may be used freely throughout the main input file, but they are not allowed in the midst of tables such as those of depth, current observations, and current meter application. Comment lines DO NOT affect the program. They are used only to help the user to divide groups of data and to indicate data that are to be on the following lines. The program will run properly with no comment lines, but the data still must be in the order specified by this document. 24 ------- 3.1.2. Alphabetic Input Lines Lines which define different options and units of measure, directional orientation for the grid coordinates, depth specifi- cation method, and the names of other files to be read may be in upper, lower, or mixed case. All of these key words may have leading blanks, but embedded blanks are not allowed. The run title line may hold any characters (including embedded blanks), but column one must no% contain an asterisk, least the title be mistaken for a comment line. Alphabetic Input Lines (including the run title) are limited to 126 characters. 3.1.3. Numeric Input Lines Numeric data lines can contain only digits, decimal points, and plus and minus signs. The numeric data items on any line of any of the files are in free field format. For most lines of data, the items required may be placed anywhere on the line as long as they remain in the correct order and any one numeric field does not extend to another line. They may be close together or far apart as long as there is at least one blank between the fields. 25 ------- * speed, direction spd dir ... 10.080 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690 14.000 .000 13.000 .000 3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 90.000 .000 .000 11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444 10.000 .000 12.166 350.538 11.000 .000 8.544 20.556 6.403 38.660 3.606 56.310 4.123 194.036 3.162 198.435 3.162 161.565 3.606 146.310 5.385 111.801 2.236 63.435 5.000 53.130 3.162 18.435 7.000 .000 7.211 326.310 5.385 21.801 5.000 36.870 4.000 90.000 5.099 101.310 6.325 198.435 7.071 188.130 7.071 188.130 2.236 153.435 6.083 170.538 6.000 180.000 2.828 225.000 Example of Continuous Data Current Meter Data Table FIGURE 13 Continuous data sets, such as the current meter data tables shown f.'v in Figure 13 and explained in Section 3.2.3. may be extremely free form. There may be any number of numeric fields on a line and they may extend to as many lines as necessary. These sets are read as if they were one long line. They must not contain comments, but comments may be used on separate lines at the beginning and at the end of the set. *X\Y Y D Y o *X\Y 1. 1 0 17 80 4. 3. 2. 1. 2.101780 6. 0000 3.101780 5. 0000 4. 1 0 17 80 4. 1 1 1 1 5. 1 0 17 80 3. 1 1 1 1 6. 1 0 17 80 2. 1 1 1 1 7. 1 0 17 80 1. 1 1 1 1 8. 1 0 17 80 * DOWN-RIGHT . UP-LEFT Depth Contour Table Current Meter Application Table Examples of Grid Oriented Data FIGURE 14 26 ------- On the other hand, tables which are closely allied with the grid structure (depth tables and tables which specify the application of multiple current meters, shown in Figure 14) must have all the data for one constant X-coordinate grid line on one line of the data file. The only exception to this rule is that when it is not possible to put all the necessary data on one line due to the large number of grid cells, the grid of input data may be split into as many parts as necessary. Figure 15 is an example of grid oriented data which has been split into two parts. ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE FILE - EXMP1FLD.DEP 6RIDEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD GRID,CONTOUR *X\Y 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12. 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 2. 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 13. 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 3. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 14. 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 4. 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15. 70.0 '70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 5. 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 16. 75. 75. 75. 75. 75. 75. 75. 75. 6. 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 17 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 7. 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 . .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8. 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 9. 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 10. 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 11. 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 END OF GRID DATA Examples of Grid Oriented Data Which has been Split into Sections FIGURE 15 27 ------- The examples in Figures 13, 14, and 15 have been kept orderly for the sake of clarity. However, the columns used for the fields on each line of data are not rigidly determined, even though the number of data items is fixed by the number of cells (allowing for split rows if necessary) along a grid coordinate line. The data in Figure 13 has been distorted slightly from a systematic pattern, but it could be even more broken up. It is not even necessary to have the direction that goes with a speed on the same line, as long as the pertinent direction is the first S. "v item on the next line. It may be convenient for the user to have one speed and one direction on each line. SEDDEP would accept the speed on one line and the direction on the next, and then the next speed, etc. All numbers are read in floating point form. Those which are counters (like the number of cells) are converted to integers internally. Integers and floating point numbers which are whole numbers may be entered with or without decimal points. Both types of numeric data lines may be of virtually unlimited length. The limitations of the user's editing program will be the deciding factor. 28 ------- 3.2. Modeling Details 3.2.1. The Grid PVD tracks and the locations of the diffuser and the current meters are measured in a familiar coordinate system where the X- axis is longshore (positive either up or down on the input and output) and the Y-axis is cross shore (positive offshore always, but also positive to the left or the right of the input and output.) The prime corner of tk'e grid is where X and Y are both zero, and the problem always takes place in the first quadrant: both X and Y positive. The program imposes the restriction that the positive Y-direction must point AWAY FROM THE SHORE as an aide in determining the direction of the shore in the process of modification of dis- placement vectors so that the flow follows the depth contours near the bottom. See Figures 16-18. 29 ------- <-- +y offshore Prime Corner 98765432 1 / / 1 2 3 4 5 \ corner 5,9 DOWN-LEFT Grid Line Numbering Coordinate System (Used for Depths) FIGURE 16 <-- +y offshore 87654321 M I ~ ~ _ ~ ~~ ~~ 11. 3 ~~l~~ ~l~ "~l~" 1,2|1,1| 1 |2,1| 2 |3,1| 3 ~l~|-* DOWN-LEFT Cell Numbering Coordinate System (Used for Deposition Maps) FIGURE 17 <-- +y offshore Y= 1.00 mi 0.75 0.50 0.25 I I I I 87654321 0.0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0.0 1 2 _0.25 =X 3 0.50 mi DOWN-LEFT Grid Measurement Coordinate System FIGURE 18 30 ------- METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/ X PRIME DIRECTION IURRENT DIRECTION Y UP-RIGHT Meter Coordinate System (Figure 7 Repeated) FIGURE 19 The current meters must be located within the grid system, but need not be oriented parallel to the grid. The user must specify the clockwise angle from the X-axis of the grid to the primary direction of each meter. See Figure 19. This angle may be the same for all meters, typically equal to the local magnetic anomaly. However, more advanced modeling where the grid is imagined to be slightly warped around the bathymetry requires that a different angle be specified for each meter. See Section 2.3.1. 31 ------- 3.2.2. Bathymetry Bathymetry may be described by designating the depth at each and every X-Y grid intersection (including grid boundaries.) Alter- natively, a table of Y cell numbers for several intersections of isobaths with lines of constant X may be specified. In the contour method, the Y cell numbers are measured in units of the cell dimension rather than the physical units (such as kilome- ters) of the grid. The entry 3.7 would represent a point 70% of the way across cell number 3 in the Y-direction. -£; The two methods may be used in conjunction to good end. If the user inputs contour crossings, the program interpolates depths at grid intersections and writes them to an output file which .later may be edited to include details not- captured by the interpolation method. The file may then become the depth data input file. Examples of each method for the same data are given in Figures 27 and 28 of Section 4.3. 32 ^ ------- 3.2.3. Current Meters Currents are specified by giving the speed and the direction relative to the prime axis of the meter. The clockwise angle between the X-axis of the grid and the prime axis of the meter is input when the meter location is given in the current meter data file. Observations are evenly spaced in time and all meters must provide data at simultaneous times. Some users will lack either bile need, or the desire to obtain data from actual current meters. The current meter files for SEDDEP can be prepared by hand to approximate a real situation or to represent a theoretical environment. The currents in EXAMPLE 1 are from a real source even though the planar bathyme- try is obviously theoretical. It would be just as"reasonable to use real bathymetry and fictitious currents. Figure 20 shows the current meter file that supplies the PVDs with observations for EXAMPLE 1. This file is for a problem with a single current meter. Multiple current meter files must have a table of the influence of the meter over the grid. The table is placed between the number of observations line and the velocity table. See the current ( .CUR) files which are a part of EXAMPLE 2. 33 ------- * FILE: EXMP1.CUR * METER LOCATION km ANGLE •NUMBER OF (rel. to grid CORNER) GRID X TO METER X •OBSERVATIONS X Y (cw deg) 1024 .0 .0 0. * * CURRENT METER INFLUENCE TABLE FOR MULTIPLE METERS WOULD * BE PLACED HERE * "CURRENT SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS * SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR * cm/sec deg cw 7.280 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690 14.000 .000 13.000 .000 12.166 9.462 11.000 .000 8.062 352.875 7.280 344.055 3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 90.000 .000 .000 3.162251.565 11.180 79.695 11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444 5.099 348.690 4.123 345.964 4.472 26.565 3.162 18.435 7.000 90.000 5.099 101.310 5.831 59.036 5.000 323.130 6.083 9.462 7.071 8.130 7.000 .000 12.000 .000 7.000 .000 11.705340.017 9.434327.995 7.211326.310 10.000323.130 8.544290.556 2.236 206.565 4.123 194.036 4.123 165.964 7.000 180.000 END OF CURRENT DATA File EXMP1.OJR Partial List of Current Speeds and Directions FIGURE 20 34 ------- I IJ [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [7] [ 8] [ 9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] DO] D1] 02] D3] D4] D5] [36] [37] D8] D9] .... --rll_c NHnc: ocui.in ** RUN TITLE EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP * * ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations. ** coastal influence distance) ** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET KM ** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step) ** • HR, MIN, or SEC HR ** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC, FT/SEC, MILES/HR, KNOTS CM/SEC ** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer) ** METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS METERS *••*' ** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC CM/SEC ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE ** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT UNIT ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE **. MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED PERCENT * * ___- MCf.- uRID ScL * ** DIFFUSER LOCATION ** NUMBER OF CELLS GRID SIZE (relative to grid center) ** X Y X Y X Y 16 16 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.0 ** ** X may be + UP or + DOWN (the X axis is always longshore) DOWN 'ION noN COASTAL INFLUENCE DISTANCE 1.0 ** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore) RIGHT it Main Data File for EXAMPLE 1 FIGURE 21 (Continued on Next Page) 35 ------- [40] * DEPTH SECTION [41] * [42] ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE [43] EXMP1GRD.DEP [44] ** [45] ' ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS [46] 15 5 [47] * [48] * - CURRENT METER SECTION [49] * [50] ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS TIME STEP [51] 1 .75 [52] ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES (ONE FILE PER LINE) [53] EXMP1.CUR [54] * [55] * PARTICLE GROUP SECTION [56] t57J ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEEDS-GROUPS [58] ** (one more than nuntoer of groups) [59] 5 [60] ** CUM MASS, F as a function of particle SPEED, V [61] ** (Requires one more pair of points than groups) [62] ** V F V F V F [63] .01 1.0 .0316 .3165 .10 .10 [64] .3165 .03165 1.00 .0100 3.165 .003165 [65] ** MASS EMISSION RATE [65] 1.0 [66] * -END OF DATA Main Data File for EXAMPLE 1 FIGURE 21 (Concluded) 36 ------- 3.3. The Structure of the Main Data File Figure 21 shows the main data file for a simple problem which is referred to as EXAMPLE 1 in the Section 4.. The name of the file is SED1.IN . The line numbers in square brackets are not a part of the file, but are used to refer to each line as it is ex- plained. All data for this program can be prepared or modified using any computer editing program whichM3'an produce and modify ASCII text files. IMPORTANT: Be sure to use the word processor in the text or non-document mode. The program will not accept files produced in the word-processing (embedded control codes) mode. There is only one main data file for each problem, and it will always provide definitions of units, grid specifications, some current information, and data to define the particle distribu- tion. There will always be a depth file and at least one (and up to 10) files to define the current meter data from which the PVDs are generated. 37 ------- The main data file consists of six sections listed below: SECTION 1. Title 2. Units 3. Grid 4. Depth CONTENTS - one line of title which prints on the output tables. - specifies the units of the grid, time, currents, depths, settling speed, emission rate, and deposition rate. - defines the size and shape of the grid, diffuser location, and coastal influence distance. - names the depth file, sets the wastefield depth and the benthic boundary layer thickness. 5. Currents - names up to 10 files, each of which of which gives the location and orientation of a current meter and the data it has gathered. 6. Particles - provides the information necessary to calculate the settling speeds of up to 10 groups of particles and specifies the mass emission rate of particulates from the diffuser. 38 ------- 4. EXAMPLE 1: INPUT The paragraphs below examine in detail the problem defined in Figure 21, which figure has also been divided into several small- er figures which follow below for convenience. The line numbers which appear on these figures in square brackets are not a part of the file, but are used in this document for expository pur- poses. 4.1. Example 1: Run Title an% Units Lines [1] and [2] in Figure 22 are comment lines. . Line [1] is included to display the name of the file on the screen during editing and on any listing of the file that is printed. Line [2] reminds the user of what is expected on line [3], namely, the run title. [ 1] * FILE NAME: SED1.IN I 2] ** RUN TITLE t 3] EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP [ 4] * Title Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 22 39 ------- Remember that neither lines [1],[2], nor [4] is necessary to the operation of the program and that there could be several more comment lines if desired. The first line of real data for SEDDEP is line [3], the run title line. That line must NOT have an asterisk in column one. It should describe briefly the nature of the problem, the user's name, etc. It is not necessary to include the date and time of the run, as the program obtains them from the operating system and uses them on the results it*.produces. [ 5] * - UNITS SECTION [ 6] * [ 7] ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations, t 8] ** coastal influence distance) [9] ** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET [10] KM [11] ** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step) [12] ** HR, MIN, or SEC [13] HR [14] ** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS [15] CM/SEC [16] ** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer) [17] ** . METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS [18] . METERS [19] ** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC [20] CM/SEC [21] ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE [22] ** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT [23] UNIT [24] ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE [25] ** MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED [26] PERCENT [27] * Units Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 23 40 ------- Comment lines [5]-[9] in Figure 23 are optional, used to help provide the user with a template for the necessary data. The next real datum is on line [10] where the user has selected kilometers (KM) to be the units of cell dimensions, the locations of the diffuser and the current meters, and the width of the coastal influence zone in which PVDs are turned away from shallow water. All these physical measurements must be in the same units. The program accepts kilometers, miles, nautical miles, meters, or feet as KM, MILES, NM. METERS, or FEET. 5?«'*,' On line [13], time units are entered as HR. Time can be speci- fied as either hours or minutes. Enter HR, MIN, or SEC on the left end of the line. The time unit is used to specify the interval between current meter observations (and thus, PVD steps). The current speed units are given as CM/SEC on line [15]. Sever- al other unit selections are available, as shown on line [14]. On line [18] of Figure 23 the user declares METERS to be the units of depth. The units of the settling speed of the particles may be cm/sec or ft/sec as the user states on line [19]. The settling speed units affect the user's formulation of the mass-speed distribution. See Section 4.5. 41 ------- On line [23] the units of particle mass flow through the diffuser may be given as metric tons per year or kilograms per second. A third choice, UNIT, is used when particle deposition results are desired as a fraction or percent of the diffuser flow. The units of the sediment maps are specified on line [22] and may be either milligrams per square centimeter per year, grams per square meter per day, or fraction or percent of total outflow. NORMALIZED produces deposition maps where each particle group has 1.0 as the total flux. In such a case, the deposition map for the combined groups is also normalized. 42 ------- 4.2. Example 1: Grid The first two fields of line [29] of Figure 24 specify the number of cells in the X- and Y-directions, each of which must be an even number, 40 or less. [28] * GRID SECTION [29] * DO] ** DIFFUSER LOCATION COSTEUO [31] ** NUMBER OF CELLS GRID SIZE (relative to grid center) INFLUENCE D2] ** X Y X Y *-''•* X Y DISTANCE [33] 16 16 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.0 1.0 [34] ** [35] ** X may be + UP or + DOWN (the X axis is always longshore) [36] DOWN [37] ** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore) [38] RIGHT [39] * Grid Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 24 The units of the next five items on line [29] are set in the Units Section, above. The grid in this example (see line [29]) consists of 16 cells in the X-direction (longshore) and 16 cells in the Y-direction (cross shore.) The cells are (but need not be) the same size in both directions (0.25 km). The diffuser is located at the grid center, 2.0 km offshore from the line of Y=0 (the onshore boundary of the grid) and 1.25 km 43 ------- from the line of X=0, or 0.75 km from the center. The last item on line [29] states that if a PVD gets within one kilometer.(measured in the direction of decreasing Y) of the contour line which matches the depth of the fallen particles (including an allowance for the benthic boundary layer), then the process of directing the PVD parallel to that contour line will begin. Line [32] and line [34] allow the user to pick the positive directions for X and Y for inp&t and output representations of the grid. Each of the three different coordinate systems related to the grid always has the same orientation as the other two. If X is positive UP it is so for cells, for grid lines, and for distances measured from the prime corner of the grid. Note that the entire problem always takes place in the first quadrant with respect to cell numbers and positions where X and Y are both positive. Negative values of cell numbers are inter- preted as being outside the grid and are valid only in specifying depth contour crossings. 44 ------- [40] * —DEPTH SECTION £41] * [423 ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE [43] EXMP1GRD.DEP [44] ** [45] ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS [46] 15 5 [47] * Depth Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 26 45 ------- 4.3. Example 1: Depth Line [46] in Figure 26 provides the initial wastefield depth and the thickness of the benthic boundary layer, both given in meters according to the selection made in the UNITS SECTION. Line [43] gives the name of the file containing the depth information. There are two methods for specifying the bathymetry. They are shown in Figures 27 and 28. — NAMt Ul- UtPIH lABLt MLt "DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD GRID ,„, tXNHlliKU.UkP GRID, CONTOUR *X\Y 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2. 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 4. 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 5. 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 6. 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 7. 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 8. 35.0 35.0 35.0 ' 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 9. 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 10. 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 11. 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 12. 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 13. 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 14. 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 15. 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 16. 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 17. 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 END OF GRID DATA Grid Specification of Depths FIGURE 27 46 ------- ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE FILE EXMP1CO **DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD GRID,CONTOUR CONTOUR * **DEPTH CONTOUR TABLE (X & Y measured in grid cell lengths) D = depth in units specified by user Y D ** **x 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Y 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 D 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ** END OF CONTOURS Contour Specification of Depths FIGURE 28 CONTOUR, in Figure 28 states that the depths are to be given by specifying on each line of constant X, the Y-values of the crossings of contours, in which case SEDDEP interpolates the depth at each Y-grid line. Contour intercepts are indicated on each of the 17 lines of con- stant X in Figure 28. The geometry represents a simple plane that has a depth of zero at the shore and 80 meters on the 17th Y-grid line. 47 ------- Notice that the sense of the grid as specified at lines [36] and [38] of Figure 21 is preserved ( DOWN for positive X and RIGHT for positive Y .) If X had been specified positive UP, then the top line of depth data would be for X=17. If Y had been selected as positive LEFT, then the order of the contour intercepts would be reversed: 10 17 80 would be entered as 17 80 10. In Figure 28, the line "3. 1 0 17 80 " is interpreted as follows (see Figures 16-18 for an example of a grid): 3. indicates this isVthe eighth X-line, on the X=0 side of the third cell in the X-direction. 1 0 indicates that the contour of depth 0 meters crosses the X=3 line at Y=l, the onshore edge of cell number 1 in the Y-direction. Since the seabed in this problem is a plane, this condition is true for all values of X. 17 80 indicates that the contour of depth 80 meters crosses the X=3 line at Y=17, the offshore edge of cell number 16 in the Y-direction. The Y values in this simple example are all integers. In a real problem the Y values would be integers followed by decimal frac- tions, indicating that specific contours cross somewhere in the middle of the cells rather than exactly on the cell boundaries. 48 ------- The X values, however, will ALWAYS BE INTEGERS since the interpolation takes place along lines of constant X. Figure 27 could have been produced by hand or as the output from Figure 28. It contains the grid depths interpolated to the grid intersections in the same form as if the user had input them. This table can be edited to make it more realistic and then the name of the depth file at line [43] of Figure 21 can be changed for use in subsequent solutions**^ The decimal points and trailing zeros in Figure 27 are not neces- sary for input. All of these simple depths could have been entered as integers. 4.4. Example 1: Current Meter [48] * CURRENT METER SECTION [49] * [50] ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS TIME STEP [51] 1 .75 [52] ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES (ONE FILE PER LINE) [53] EXMP1.CUR [54] * Current Meter Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 29 49 ------- Line [51] of Figure 29 specifies a single current meter and a time step of .75 hours. Line [53] of Figure 29 gives the name of the file that defines the single current meter. If there were multiple current meters, the names of the files would be listed one per line at this point in the main data file. In the case of a single meter, the location is irrelevant, but some position must be specifiedv^'so "0. 0." is as good as any. As with all floating point numbers used by this program, decimal points are not necessary if the numbers are integers, but they can be used. Thus, "0 0", "0. 0.", ". 0 .0", or any mixture of the different formats is satisfactory. 50 ------- * FILE: EXMP1.CUR * METER LOCATION km ANGLE •NUMBER OF (rel. to grid CORNER) GRID X TO METER X •OBSERVATIONS X Y (cw deg) 1024 .0 .0 0. •CURRENT SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS ' * SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR * cm/sec cw deg 7.280 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690 14.000 .000 13.000 .000 12.166 9.462 11.000 .000 8.062352.875 7.280344.055 3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 9.000 .000 .000 3.162251.565 11.180 79.695 11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444 5.831 59.036 5.000 323.130 6.083 %9.462 7.071 8.130 7.000 .000 12.000 .000 7.000 .000 11.70534.017 9.434327.995 7.211326.310 1.000323.130 8.544290.556 2.236 206.565 4.123 194.036 4.123 165.964 7.000 18.0 00 END OF CURRENT DATA File EXMP1.CUR Partial List of Current Speeds and Directions (Figure 20 Repeated) FIGURE 30 51 ------- Figure 30 is a partial listing of file EXMP1.CUR . The number of observations is the number of current meter readings (starting with the first) which are to be used for the problem at hand. This file happens to have 1024 speeds, each followed by a direc- tion. Specifying 1024 means that the whole file is to be used. There may be any number of readings in the file, but SEDDEP has room for only the first 3000 for each meter. If the user is working a smaller problem, a much smaller number may be .specified to use only those readings at the head of the file. - *;; 4.5. Example 1: Particle Groups [55] * PARTICLE GROUP SECTION [56] * [57] ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEED GROUPS [58] ** . (one more than number of groups) [59] 5 [60] ** CUM MASS, F as a function of particle SPEED, V [61] ** (Requires one more pair of points than groups) [62] ** V F V F V F [63] .01 1.0 .0316 .3165 .10 .10 [64] .3165 .03165 1.00 .0100 3.165 .003165 [65] ** MASS EMISSION RATE [65] 1.0 [66] * -END OF DATA Particle Group Section of Main Input File SED1.IN FIGURE 31 52 ------- Line [65] of Figure 31 provides the mass emission rate in units previously specified in the UNITS SECTION. This number is used as a multiplier of the F mass distribution function defined just below. Line [59] in Figure 31 states that there are five groups of particles. The program will allow 10. The data on line [63] indicate that the first group consists of all particles with settling speeds between .010 and 0.0316 cm/sec. The mass in this group is the difference between the two F values: 1.0 - .3165 JU'V = .6835 A group is all the particles in a specific range of speeds. Thus, the table of speed and cumulative mass function always represents one less group than there are points in the distribu- tion. SEDDEP uses the cumulative distribution function, F, of particles with a given settling speed, V, or higher is F= A / V B where A and B define a straight line on a log-log plot. The constant, A, is the value of F where V is one. The value, B, is the slope of the line. All particle groups may use the same straight line or each group may have its own line. In any case, the collection of line segments for the groups is 53 ------- assumed to be continuous. The lines are provided by curve fitting to experimental data gathered using settling tubes or by equivalent estimation based on the user's experience. Figure 32 shows an simulated example of data and a fitted curve. emulative 1.0 - mass fraction with V < VR 0.1 - .0 1 VB I I I 10 1 0.1 .01 VR (cm/sec) I I .001 .0001 Settling Speed Characteristics of Effluent Particles FIGURE 32 The mass contained in the water column which has settling speeds between V1 and V2 is given by F2 - F! = .A (V2~B - V-f8 ) 54 ------- By proper selection of A and B, the F and V scales may have considerable flexibility. Actually, the user need not be concerned with A and B. SEDDEP calculates them internally, and uses them to interpolate the mass deposited by small ranges of V. The V function must be entered in the particle settling speed units that have been specified (cm/sec or ft/sec.) The F function in Figures 31 and 32 is defined so that F=1.0 accounts for all of the mass. *-%uch a function can be used with mass emission rate of 1.0 to produce fractional mass depositions. If mass emission rate is 100, percent distributions are obtained. If mass emission rate is an actual mass emission rate associated with the outfall, then F should be a unit distribution func- tion. Finally, the mass emission rate could be set to 1.0 and F could be scaled to reflect the a peak at the actual mass rate. The table may contain up to 11 pairs of V and F. The list illus- trated in Figure 31 continues on to a second line. The table is like a current meter velocity table of speeds and directions. It may occupy as many lines as the user desires, to the point of putting one V on one line followed by one F on the next, etc. as long as Vs and Fs properly alternate. There may be no comments within the table, but there may be comments at the end. 55 ------- Particles of different settling speeds encounter the bathymetric directed sub-current at different points along what would other- wise be the same PVD. The program works with several groups of particles. A and B and can be the same for all particles (one straight line on the log-log plot) or can take different values in different settling speed ranges for more sophisticated analy- ses (a curved line, although piecewise straight, on the log-log plot.) • ^»;; Figure 33 shows three different mass-speed distributions. The "Realistic" distribution has a maximum F of .49, the other half of the mass, presumably, is left in suspension rather than being deposited. 56 ------- TYPICAL V DISTRIBUTION (5 GROUPS) SPEED F f (cm/sec) GRP CUM MASS I NCR MASS | TYPICAL | | DISTRIBUTION (8 GROUPS) | IF * I | GRP CUM MASS INCR MASS | GRP I I 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 3. 000316 001000 003162 010000 1 031623 2 100000 3 316228 4 000000 5 162278 1.000000 0.683770 0.316230 0.216230 0.100000 0.068377 0.031623 0.021623 0.010000 0.006838 0.003162 A=0.01 B=1.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000000 .316230 .100000 .031623 .010000 .003162 s. .001000 .000316 .000100 0 0 0 0 0 >*' 0 0 0 .683770 .216230 .068377 .021623 .006838 .002162 .000684 .000216 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A=. 00031623 B=1.00 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. A=0 490053 305684 190653 1 18925 074173 046267 028856 180000 011226 .018 B=0.410 REALISTIC DISTRIBUTION F f CUM MASS INCR MASS 0.184369 0.115031 0.071727 0.044750 0.027905 0.017410 0.010856 0.006773 Particle Mass Distributions FIGURE 33 57 ------- 5. RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS 5.1 Installation The user will receive three diskettes of approximately 360k capacity. The directories appear below: DISK 1 Program disk SEDDEP.BAT This ba%ch file is used to start the program. Type in SEDDEP and the batch file will find the date and time, and start the program SEDDEP1.EXE, SED.EXE This is the large program that reads the input file, follows the PVDs and produces the output. DTIME.EXE Small program which makes the current date and time available for SEDDEP DISK 2 Input and output files for the example problems. SED1.IN Main input file, EXAMPLE 1 DISPLIST.TH Displacement table for current meters DISPLACE.IND List of displacement indices form current meter SED1.0UT Results of a single PVD example 58 ------- SED2.IN Main input file, EXAMPLE 2 SFOA1.CUR | SFOA2.CUR | Three current meter files in the SFOA3.CUR | direct mode: speeds and directions SED2.OUT Results of all possible PVDs created from spatial averaging of three meters These files may be copied and the copies may be edited into the user's own problem definitions. It is recommended that the original files be retained. To help prevent inadvertent destruc- tion they are DOS protected. Working copies of the files can be made on diskettes or on hard disk. If there is a hard disk, the user will probably want to make a new directory for SEDDEP and copy the files from the diskette to the hard disk. If there is no hard disk, the program must be run from the diskette in DRIVE A:, with output directed to DRIVE B: 59 ------- 5.2 Running the Program At the DOS prompt, type in SEDDEP. The batch file SEDDEP.BAT asks the user to be sure the printer is on and on-line, sets the printer to 132 characters per line, uses the short program, DTIME.EXE, to read in the current date and time from the system, and starts SEDDEP. This exercise takes place at the DOS level and must be performed even if the user intends to send output to a disk file rather than to the printer. , v. Next, the screen will clear and the user will be asked a series of questions concerning the control of the SEDDEP run. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE INPUT FILE ? In the case of EXAMPLE 1, the correct answer is SED1.IN, and in the case of EXAMPLE 2, SED2.IN is the correct name. If the user misspells the name or names a file which has been deleted, SEDDEP will ask the question again. If the input file is not in the current DOS directory (usually shown as part of the screen prompt at the system level) then enter the directory of the file along with its name.- For exam- ple: \MYSTUFF\SEDIMENT\SED1.IN would indicate that the file SED1.IN is located in the second level directory SEDIMENT , which is part of the first level 60 ------- directory MYSTUFF. The drive letter designation can also be a part of the "path" to the file. At this point the program reads in the main input file. The data will not appear on the screen unless the ECHO or CHECK options have been invoked. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTPUT FILE ? IT IS RECOMMENDEEk-THE FILE BE NAMED .OUT DEFAULT (CR) GOES TO THE PRINTER : The output from the program can be sent to the printer or to a disk file. Disk file output can be scanned or edited using an editor, TYPEd or PRINTed using the DOS commands, or incorporated into documents using a word processor. Answer the following question with a carriage return or PRN if the on-line printer is desired, or with the name of a new or existing disk file if disk output is wanted. Old files will be overwritten without warning. Users without hard disk systems may be forced to use the printer, since the program and the output files can be very large. In any event, a user with only diskettes should direct the output to DRIVE B: by specifying the output file to be some- thing like B:MYFILE.OUT 61 ------- SHOULD THE INPUT FILE BE ECHOED ON THE SCREEN ? (Y/N) An answer of Y or Y to this question causes the main input file ( example, Figure 15) to be copied onto the screen as it is being read. If SEDDEP detects a read error, say, because of alphabet- ic information where there should be numeric, it is helpful to know where the event occurred. On most computers the data will be displayed too quickly to read unless an error stops the proc- essing, but the point of the feature is to locate errors, not to read the file. For all questions where the answer is yes or no (Y/N) either upper or lower case answers may be used. However, if the answer is anything except y, Y, n, or N, the question will be repeated. SHOULD THE INPUT ORDER BE CHECKED ON THE SCREEN ? (Y/N) The CHECK option is similar to the ECHO option except that the program gives the user information about what input was expected as well as what was received. This is very useful in cases where a line of data is missing or where an extra line appears. For instance, if line [73] of Figure 15 were missing, the program would have no value to number of current meters. It would read 62 ------- the next non-comment line, [80] to get the number of meters. Instead of the correct answer, 1, it would report 5 (the number of particle sets.) The ECHO and CHECK options can be used simultaneously. SHOULD THE INPUT DATA BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ? (Y/N) After several related runs on the program with the same or nearly the same input file, the user may wish to suppress the report of the input data on the output file. SHOULD THE DEPTH GRID MAP BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ? (Y/N) This question is asked only if the depth input method is CONTOUR. If the user's problem is not one of variable bathymetry, it may suffice to get one copy of the depth grid map which results from the interpolation of the contour line - X grid crossings. 63 ------- ** NOW PRINTING RECORD OF INPUT VALUES ** Unless the user specified that the input file data not be repeated on the output file, the line above is displayed after all the input data has been read and indicates that a printed copy (to printer or output file) of a summary of the input is being produced. The optional output at this point is a reflection of most of the data contained in the main input file. It is in a format differ- ent from the input file, however, and is more suitable for inclu- sion in reports. The user may not wish to produce this output every time related or nearly identical problems are run. 64 ------- CURRENT METER SUMMARY TR NUM UM OBS 1 984 2 1024 3 345 . (KM ) FILE X Y NAME ,2.50 -3.30 CURR1 5.00 1.25 CURR2 5.50 -3.60 CURR3 OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE : NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES : OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE : Once all the data has been read, SEDDEP displays a summary of some of the information concerning the current meters. In gener- al, different current meter files might not have the same number of observations. Or it might be desired to use less than all those available. It is the task of the user to select how many and which PVDs to use. The number selected will apply to all current meters and all particle groups and must not be greater than the number of observations for the meter with the fewest observations. If the number of intervals between origins is one, then every observation between the first and the last will take its turn at 65 ------- being the first segment of a PVD. If 100 is used, the first PVD will start with observation the number specified by the user and the next will start with observation 100 greater than that. LIST DETAILS FOR EACH PVD STEP (Y/N) ? OBSERVATION NUMBER WHICH STARTS FIRST PVD TO BE PRINTED: NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN PRINTOUTS: OBSERVATION NUMBER WHi%H STARTS LAST PVD TO BE PRINTED: At the user's option, the details of each step in the PVDs will be displayed on the screen and on the printer (or output file.) To display every step of every PVD, answer the questions above as 1,1,1000 (or some number larger than the number of PVDs. To start at PVD number 100 and display every 10th step, stopping after 200 steps, enter 100,10,200. Items presented are: PVD number observation number of the current segment the number of sub segments that were created if the segment was longer than a grid cell a flag which shows that the segment has been turned by coastal influence 66 ------- the X- and Y-numbers of the cell under the segment the location (relative to the grid center) of the head end of the segment the distance to the effective coast the depth of particles the depth of the bottom the speed of the particles the fraction of the release unit mass which is being deposited the total deposit so far from the current PVD. The display need not start with the first PVD, need not be made at each step, and can be cut off at any step. Whatever set of parameters is chosen, it will apply to all of the PVDs used to study each of the particle groups. If the user chooses not to look at the details of the PVD con- struction, the program automatically produces . a one character summary of each PVD. The character is D if all the mass is deposited, L if the PVD left the grid, and X if there were not enough segments left for the PVD to be finished before all the mass was deposited. 67 ------- SPECIFY THE FIRST AND LAST PARTICLE GROUPS TO USE FOR THIS RUN : FIRST:. LAST: The lines above allow the user to select a single particle group or one range of particle groups. BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3 This is a message to notify the user that calculations have started on the next (e.g. the third) group of particles. Once the program starts, it runs through all the particle groups and, within each group, through all the PVDs. The program may be stopped by pushing CRTL-Break. This aborts the run without any guarantee that printing or writing to disk files will be properly finished. 68 ------- 6. EXAMPLE 1: OUTPUT This is the complete output from a particular run of the sample problem. Explanatory comments are inserted at critical points. This file, SED1-1.OUT, is one of those supplied to the user. SEDDEP1 SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS 6/23/89 1636 INPUT FILE:sed1.in OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT . This is the beginning of the optional . restatement of the input data. UNITS AND OPTIONS UNITS OF GRID MEASUREMENT: KM UNITS OF DEPTH MEASUREMENT: DECIMETERS UNITS OF TIME STEP: HR UNITS OF PARTICLE SPEED: CM/SEC DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD: CONTOUR CURRENT METER TYPE: INDEXED X NUMBER OF CELLS 16 NUMBER OF GRID LINES 17 CELL SIZE .250 DIFFUSER LOCATION -.750 Y 16 , 17 .250 KM .000 KM 69 ------- This grid output is printed only if the user requests input printing and depth grid printing. SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDR1CKS 6/23/89 1636 INPUT FILE:sed1.in OUTPUT FILE: sed1-1.out GRID DEPTH TABLE (DECIMETERS) : ( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT ) J= 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 3. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 ,0 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 150. 4. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 5. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 35&.V 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0 17. 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 WATER DEPTH AT DIFFUSER: WASTEFIELD DEPTH AT BEGINNING (T=0): THICKNESS OF BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER: EXTENT OF COASTAL INFLUENCE ON FLOW: 400.000 DECIMETERS 150.000 DECIMETERS 50.000 DECIMETERS 1.000 KM - CURRENT METER INFORMATION CURRENT METER METHOD: INDEXED NUMBER OF METERS: 1 TIME BETWEEN OBS: .75 HR MULTIPLIER FOR Y-COMPONENTS -1.0 ANGLE BETWEEN METERS & GRID .000 DEGREES 70 ------- . The first 12 observations of current . data are printed here so that the user . can identify the files without printing . all of the observations. FIRST 12 CURRENT DISPLACEMENT TABLE ENTRIES (KM ) FILE:DISPLIST.TH -1.215 -1.188 -1.161 -1.134 -1.107 -1.080 -1.053 -1.026 -.999 -.972 -.945 -.918 FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENT INDICES FOR METER # 1 FILE: CURRENTS.TH X 7 14 Y 2 0 X 9 13 Y 0 0 X 12 12 Y 2 -2 X 14 11 Y 5 0 X 14 8 Y 2 1 X 15 7 Y 3 2 . If the current meter method is Indexed, . 12 displacement pairs are looked up and . printed. FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENTS (KM ) FOR METER # 1 FILE: CURRENTS.TH X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y ' X Y .189 -.054 .243 .000 .324 .054 .378 .135 .378 .054 .405 .081 .378 .000 .351 .000 .324 -.054 .297 .000 .216 .027 .189 .054 CURRENT METER SUMMARY MTR NUM LOCATION (KM ) FILE NUM DBS X Y NAME 1 1024 .000 .000 DISPLACE.IND 1024 OBSERVATIONS CAN BE USED. 71 ------- . User specifies the study of only . one PVD. OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE : 1 NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES .: 1 OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE : 1 DISPLACEMENTS IN THE METER COORDINATE SYSTEM WILL BE ROTATED THROUGH .000 DEGREES TO ALIGN THEM WITH THE GRID SYSTEM 72 ------- PARTICLE GROUP DATA SETT. SPD.CM/SEC MAX MIN PROP CONSTANT SLOPE LOG/LOG 3.16000 1.00000 .31600 .10000 .03160 1.00000 .31600 .10000 .03160 .01000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 This is the end of the record of the input. »•-* BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3 This is the record of each step in the PVD. STEP T CELL SEGMENT EFFECT MASS PVD DBS SUB R NUMBER END LOC. COAST DEPTHS PARTICLE DEPOSITED NUM NUM DIV N X Y X Y DIST WFLD WATER SPEED CELL TOTAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 6 * 7 * 8 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 10 * 11 * 12 * 13 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 -.56 -.32 -.16 .01 .20 .38 .57 .76 .96 1.17 .05 .05 .04 .03 .01 -.01 -.02 -.03 -.04 -.05 1.05 .77 .47 .47 .28 .28 .27 .27 .21 .21 •200.0 256.2 312.3 312.3 341.4 341.4 339.9 339.9 348.2 348.2 401.4 402,7 402.4 401.7 391.5 371.8 361.7 361.3 360.9 360.4 .7457 .3754 .2998 .2490 .2027 .1590 .1331 .1195 .1083 .1000 .000 .000 2.499 9.947 13.442 19.805 17.945 12.502 12.591 11.270 .00 .00 2.50 12.45 25.89 45.69 63.64 76.14 88.73 100.00 PVD TERMINATED - ALL MASS DEPOSITED DESIRED NUMBER OF PVDs REACHED 73 ------- SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS INPUT FILE:SED1.in 6/23/89 1636 OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT PARTICLE GROUP 3 MAX SETTLING SPEED .316 1 MIN SETTLING SPEED .100 PROP CONSTANT 1.000 SLOPE LOG/LOG 1.000 WEIGHTING FACTOR 1.000 NUMBER OF PVDs AVERAGE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS PER PVD SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS INPUT FILE:SED1.in PARTICLE GROUP 3 6/23/89 1636 OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.OUT SEDIMENTATION (PERCENT PER GRID CELL): ( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT J= 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 2. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 3. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 4. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 5. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 6. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 7. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 . .0000 .0000 8. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 37.7498 12.5017 12.5906 11.2699 .0000 .0000 .0000 9. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 12.4458 13.4422 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 10. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 11. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 12. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000- .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 13. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 NORMAL PROGRAM HALT : SEDDEP1 74 ------- 7. ERRORS: Corrective Actions Errors fall into three sets which are listed below: 1. Many errors which can be corrected at run time and will allow processing to continue. Errors input from the keyboard: e.g. MAIN INPUT FILE CANNOT BE,FOUND: (bad name listed) Errors input through the input file: e.g. ERROR: BAD GRID UNITS: MNILES ACCEPTABLE VALUES ARE : KM,MILES,NM,METERS,FEET TRY AGAIN : These errors check the users correction and repeat if necessary. The program will not proceed until the user has made a correct reply. A record of these errors is made on the output file so that the user may correct them before the next run. 75 ------- 2. Errors which terminate input processing immediately: An unexpected end of file on any input file caused by erroneous sizing of data sets or not enough data. Certain FORTRAN-trapped input errors such as: 1235 Two "." characters in a real read 1236 Invalid real number 1027 File name error 1028 Disk full error 1035 Protected file 1203 Digit expected in input 3. Execution errors. The errors above are found during the processing of the input files. The program contains only one error message that cannot be detected until the solution is underway. 76 ------- ERROR *** DEPTHS ARE APPARENTLY NOT MONOTONICALLY INCREASING IN THE OFFSHORE DIRECTION. THE EFFECTIVE COAST IS OFFSHORE FROM THE CURRENT PVD. RESULTS ARE UNPREDICTABLE. PROCESSING WILL PROCEED, BUT USER SHOULD INVESTIGATE. STEP CELL SEGMENT EFFECTIVE PVD OBS SUB NUMBER END LOG. COASTAL NUM NUM DIV X Y X Y DISTANCE The program has calculated that the effective coast is in the offshore direction. The most likely cause of this situation is that the depths are decreasing (albeit locally) in the offshore direction, although the user may have the coast in the wrong direction or there may be a ridge in the bathymetry. The error message tells the user which PVD, which segment or observation, which subdivision of the Segment, which cell, the location of the end of the head end of the segment, and the effective coastal distance. The correct sign for the coastal distance is negative - pointing in the negative Y-direction. 77 ------- 8. RESTRICTIONS Grid is limited to 40 cells in each direction. Number of current meters limited to 10. Number of current meter observations limited to 3000 speed:direc- tion pairs for each meter. Number of groups of particles is limited to 10 (11 points on the speeds and mass distribution list. Depths must increase monotonically (or be flat) in the offshore direction. 78 ------- 9. EXAMPLE 2. The input and output files of EXAMPLE 2 are included on DISK 3. The bathymetry of the example is offshore from San Francisco, California, centered on the actual outfall there. As with EXAM- PLE 1, the contour technique was used to enter the depths. Since the data are real, the contours are considerably more complicated than those of the plane of EXAMPLE 1. The data from the three current meters is limited, but real. Meters 2 and 3 were actually moored at different depths at the same position as meter 1, but they were moved to make this prob- lem more interesting and illustration of the capabilities of SEDDEP. Since there are multiple current meters, each current meter file contains a map which uses zeros and ones to assign cells to its applicability. In this example, there are zones of overlapping current meter regions to demonstrate the ability of SEDDEP to average multiple meters. 79 ------- |