User's Guide for
SEDDEP:
A Program for Computing Seabed Deposition
Rates of Outfall Particulates in Coastal Marine
Environments
C.A. Bodeen et al.
September 19, 1989
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User's Guide for
SEDDEP:
A Program for Computing Seabed
Deposition Rates of Outfall Particulates in
Coastal Marine Environments
BY
C. A. Bodeen1, T. J. H&ndricks2, W. E'. Frick3,
D. J. Baumgartner4, J. E. Yerxa5, and A. Steele6
September 19, 1989
1. AScI Corporation, Hatfield Marine Science Center,
Newport, Oregon.
2. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long
Beach, California.
3. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine
Science Center, Newport, Oregon.
4. Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center,
Newport, Oregon.
5. Computer Science Corporation, Hatfield Marine Science Cen-
ter, Newport, Oregon.
6. County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Los
Angeles, California.
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FOREWORD
Effective siting of municipal ocean outfalls and proper treatment
of effluent prior to discharge depends to a large degree on the
fate of effluent particulates in the marine environment. Field
experience has shown that unacceptable environmental impacts have
been associated with the accumulation of sewage and industrial
waste particulates on the seabed, perhaps more consistently than
any other effect. Consequently, regulatory agencies have sought
methods that permit writers could use to describe the seabed
sedimentation of effluent particulates as a way to control the
degree of environmental impact from discharge of suspended solids
in effluents. Mathematical models simulating the behavior of
suspended particulate material in the coastal environment have
been the tool of choice because of their generality.
The ease of application of models is inversely related to the
complexity of the environmental processes incorporated in the
model and the degree of detail^provided .in the results of the
simulation. The model described in this User's Guide is consid-
erably more complex than other models presently available to
regulatory agencies and characteristically requires more input
information and greater user attention than simpler models. The
user may reasonably expect to gain proficiency with its use so
that after an introductory training period of 10 to 20 hours,
subsequent analyses could be conducted in about an hour.
Even though the model attempts to account for complexity in the
ambient current regime and non uniform bathymetry near an ocean
outfall, many physical and biological processes are not simulat-
ed, thus uncertainty in the results as compared to field measure-
ments can be expected. Also, in spite of efforts to provide
clear, but detailed instructions and useful examples, users may
find problems with use of the model that we have not addressed.
Modifications to the model and the computer program will continue
to be made as suggestions from users are received. Copies of the
computer program incorporating improvements will bear a sequen-
tial numeric indicator in the title, e.g. SEDDEP1, SEDDEP2, et
seq. and a date to aid in technical assistance to users.
If a copy of the executable program is desired, please mail or
telefax your request to EPA, Marine Science Center, Newport, OR
97365. (FAX: 503-867-4490).
D. J. Baumgartner
Project Director
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This User's Guide was supported financially by the offices of
Marine and Estuarine Protection and Research and Development, U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, as part of their efforts to
improve the technical basis for ocean outfall regulatory deci-
sions. The original model development work was done under an EPA
grant to the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project,
Long Beach, CA, whose continuing cooperative efforts are also
acknowledged. This report is EPA contribution 109-ERL-N.
iii
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ABSTRACT
User's Guide for
SEDDEP:
A Program for Computing Seabed
Deposition Rates of Outfall Particulates in
Coastal Marine Environments
C. A. Bodeen, T. J. Hendricks, W. E. Frick, D. J. Baumgartner,
J. E. Yerxa, and A. Steele
This paper describes a computer program which combines current
meter data and particle settling concepts to provide an approxi-
mation to the distribution of seabed wastefield sediment deposi-
tion in a marine environment. S&ie program runs on IBM-PC compat-
ibles as well as on DEC VAX machines. SEDDEP is written in
FORTRAN and can be adapted to operate on many other computers as
well.
Details of the technique, including the methods by which current
meter data and settling speed information are used to represent
pseudo-streamlines and deposition rates.
Methods of data preparation including options in units of meas-
urement are explained.
Run time instructions and detailed examples of input and output
are given for a simple problem with a single current meter and
planar bathymetry and for a second problem involving an actual
situation offshore from San Francisco, California with real
depths and real multiple current meters.
iv
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CONTENTS;
FOREWORD ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ill
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS V
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BASIC CONCEPTS 2
2.1. The Release and
Progressive Vector Diagrams 2
2.1.1. Coastal Boundary Effects 7
2.1.2. Limitations on the Bathymetry 9
2.2. Grid Layout 10
2.3. Current Meters *-•*' 15
2.3.1. Distorted Grid and
Multiple Current Meters 16
2.4. Sedimentation Tables 18
2.5. Multiple Current Meters 20
3. HOW TO PREPARE DATA 24
3.1. General Rules for Input 24
3.1.1. Comment Lines . 24
3.1.2. Alphabetic Input Lines 25
3.1.3. Numeric Input Lines 25
3.2. Modeling Details 29
3.2.1. The Grid 30
3.2.2. Bathymetry 3 2
3.2.3. Current Meters 33
3.3. The Structure of the Main Data File 37
4. EXAMPLE 1: INPUT 39
4.1.. Example 1: Run Title and Units 39
4.2. Example 1: Grid 43
4.3. Example 1: Depth 46
4.4. Example 1: Current Meters 49
4.5. Example 1: Particle Groups 52
5. RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS . 58
5.1 Installation 58
5.2 Running the Program 60
6. EXAMPLE 1: OUTPUT 69
7. ERRORS: Corrective Actions • 75
8. RESTRICTIONS 78
9. EXAMPLE 2 79
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1. INTRODUCTION
This program provides an objective approximation to the initial
deposition rate of wastewater particulates on the seabed in the
vicinity of a sewage or industrial outfall in a coastal environ-
ment (Baumgartner et al, in prep). It combines bathymetric,
current meter , and settling rate data to estimate where, and at
what rate, settling particles reach the bottom. The user should
understand that although initial deposition from the water column
appears to yield a reasonable approximation of particulate accu-
mulation at some outfalls, other processes including resuspen-
sion, transport, and redeposition, which are not included in
SEDDEP appear to play important roles at other sites.
The user supplies a definition of the problem in the form of a
rectangular grid, depths at grid intersections, tabular current
data, information about the falling speeds of the particles, and
other related information.
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2. BASIC CONCEPTS
2.1. The Release and Progressive Vector Diagrams
The program uses the current meter data to define a series of
displacement vectors. Sequential displacements are placed
end-to-end to form a progressive vector diagram, PVD. The PVDs
approximate the movements of packets of discharged particles.
With one current meter the resSilts are equivalent to assuming
that the currents are the same at all points in the grid. With
multiple meters currents in different regions of the grid can be
described. The PVD technique can assume that the simultaneous
currents at every point in each region are the same, or the
currents may created as an average reading (based on inverse
square distance) from up to 10 meters.
Unit masses"of particles discharged at the outfall are known as
releases. A release corresponds to each datum in the current
meter record, but the user need not select every release for a
particular study. A range of releases can be specified and the
user may instruct SEDDEP to skip through the current meter obser-
vations rather than to use every release.
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Each release of particles rises with the plume, hence, the ini-
tial depth of the particles is specified and is referred to as
the initial wastefield depth. This depth is determined by the
fluid mechanics of plume formation. Mathematical models, e.g.
Muellenhoff, et al (1985) or field observations can be used to
determine the depth. The depth of the pycnocline may be a good
approximation for two layer systems, but if the density gradient
is large, then a more suitable elevation may be 5/6 of the eleva-
tion of the pycnocline above the diffuser.
The model does not treat the details of the plume rise, but as-
sumes that each PVD starts directly over the diffuser. Zero time
for each PVD corresponds to a current meter time increment when
the plume starts away from the outfall.
i
Starting at time zero, the particles begin to fall and the cur-
rent moves the mass step by step to the end of the PVD. The
release generally contains a range of particle sizes and masses
that settle at different rates. Consequently, each release is
actually divided into as many releases as there are specified
particle sizes ranges. At the end of each time step, all the
particles that have had time to reach the bottom are deposited in
the cells which are under the present displacement vector. The
mass remaining in the release is reduced accordingly.
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When all of the unit mass has been deposited, or when the path
exits the grid, the PVD is ended and another is started at the
outfall beginning with the next user selected displacement vec-
tor. This process is repeated using successively later subsets
of the current data. Each current displacement vector has its
X
turn at being first in the generation of a pseudo-pathline.
However, as was stated above, the user has some latitude in
choosing which displacements will be used.
Near the end of the data set, partially calculated PVDs will be
started for which the supply of displacement vectors (current
observations) is exhausted, but for which not all of the parti-
cles have been deposited. Data from these PVDs are ignored since
there is not enough information to determine in which cells all
the unit mass released accumulates. This phenomenon will affect
slowly falling particles which consume a large number of PVD
segments more than it will the heavy particles which fall quick-
ly. While it is reasonable to leave out PVDs for which there are
not enough segments, it is not acceptable to eliminate PVD number
342 for a couple of light weight particle groups and to leave it
in for the heavier groups. The result would be a bias in the
direction of heavy particles. If any PVD runs out of segments,
that PVD and any with a higher number is not run for the next,
higher settling speed particle groups. This system only works
if the lightest particle with the longest settling times are
first in the user's list of groups.
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If the displacements are short compared to the grid cell size,
deposits can be made in the same cell for more than one
contiguous vector. If vectors are long compared to the cell
size, SEDDEP subdivides them so that they will deposit into each
cell over which they pass. Since depositions are actually calcu-
lated at the midpoint of each displacement, sometimes it is
possible for one vector to drop particles twice in the same cell.
A PVD vector segment which has the tail end in the grid and the
head end outside the grid will'-deposit in the cell beneath the
midpoint of the segment if the midpoint is in the grid. For
subsequent segments of this PVD, the particle mass which is
carried out of the grid is lost to the calculations, and the
total mass deposited is reported only as the percentage (less
than 100%) of unit mass which was already deposited by the PVD.
Since calculation of the movement of the particles is terminated
when the PVD leaves the grid, no attempt is made to reestablish
the inventory of unit particle mass nor to determine if the PVD
reenters the grid.
SEDDEP is not a detailed hydrodynamic flow model and it will
ignore certain conditions which are obvious to learned users.
For instance, suppose there is a bar downstream from the outfall.
At the bar the true currents may be fast and tidally driven. In
the absence of enough current meter data to feed this information
into the program, SEDDEP would use slower currents measured at
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points of greater depth and would make unrealistic, substantial
deposits on the bar. One solution to the problem might be to
obtain (or fabricate) more current data for the bar. Another
solution might be to remove (artificially) the bar from the
bathymetric data so that some of the particle deposition which
would fall on the bar would go further downstream.
».
?!- '••¥
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2.1.1. Coastal Boundary Effects
In general, PVDs computed by simple vector addition of
displacement segments calculated from current meter records will
move across the grid unaffected by the bathymetry in ways which
could not occur in the real world.
SEDDEP endeavors to alleviate this problem by using a two layer
approximation to the current. The particles may be thought of as
falling from the main flow defined by the current meters down
into a second stream which runs parallel to the effective coast.
(see Figure 1) which is chosen to correspond to the isobath with
the same depth as the mid-depth of settling particles at the
segment which is about to be added to the PVD. The speed of the
lower stream is determined by the component of the current meter
velocity in the direction parallel to the local isobaths. The
transition from one mode to the other is performed gradually
rather than abruptly. This prevents unrealistic accumulation of
particlulates in shallow water.
Each group of particles of different settling speeds will follow
a different PVD trajectory because they will fall to the level of
the coastal stream at different times and depths.
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PVD
PLAN VIEW
Initial wastefield depth
Cur
X
coastal distance ^:
particle path
ELEVATION
Effective Coast
FIGURE 1
8
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2.1.2. Limitations on the Bathymetry
The effective coastal boundary is defined by the position and
orientation of the isobaths at the same depth as the average
particles at the beginning and ending points of the PVD segment.
The simulation does not look ahead for changes in the bathymetry.
As a result, the effects of the coastal boundary on the flow may
be estimated poorly when there are abrupt changes in the iso-
baths, e.g. submarine canyons. Anomalous sedimentation predicted
by SEDDEP in the vicinity of pronounced bathymetric features
should be examined carefully by-the user.
The coastal boundary algorithm may also fail if the depth does
not monotonically increase (or remain constant) with increasing
offshore position. These problems can be mitigated, to a degree,
by an appropriate modification of the cell alignments, or by
artificially modifying the bathymetry to ensure increasing depth
with distance from the shoreline.
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2.2. Grid Layout
Several factors are involved in the design of a grid:
The program requires that the positive Y-direction be
j
nominally offshore at approximately right angles to the coast.
This means that the X-axis is always roughly parallel to the
shore. The four different options shown in Figure 2 allow the
user to maintain traditional ana^geopolitical orientation of the
space of the problem being solved. The choice of grid orienta-
tion affects the expected order of the data by the program and
the way in which the results are printed out.
UP
•t-x
1
1
1 +v
RIGHT
1.
RIGHT
+y
I
I
I
+x
DOWN
2.
+y
LEFT
3.
UP
+x
I
I
I
LEFT
+y
I
I
I
+x
DOWN
4.
Four Possible Orientations of X- and Y-Axes
FIGURE 2
10
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The overall area should be large enough to cover the region to
account for most of the deposition unless the study.is purposely
of a smaller, detailed zone. See Figure 3.
DEPOSITION AREA
7
GRID FOR
GENERAL STUDY
GRID FOR
DETAILED STUDY
Size of Grid
FIGURE 3
The size of the unit grid cells should be a balance between the
detail required in the study and the relationship of the grid to
the current meter displacements. The length of a typical PVD
segment is an average speed times the time interval. If grid
cells are much larger than these segments, many segments will
deposit in a single cell -- destroying detail. On the other
hand, if a segment is longer than a grid cell, the program subdi-
11
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vides the PVD steps into smaller segments. This does a good job
of preserving the nature of the deposition, but sacrifices some
detail of the current meter record. See Figure 4.
PVD SEQEMENTS
GRID CELLS TOO LARGE
GRID CELLS TOO SMALL
Size of Grid Cells
FIGURE 4
12
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The program works best when the primary direction of the
current is along the X-axis. Thus, aligning the X-direction
North or South, or even parallel to the local coast line might
not produce the best results. See Figure 5.
5U"-!
PRIMARY
CURRENT
Effect of Direction of Primary Current
on Grid Orientation
FIGURE 5
13
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In cases where there is important bathymetric curvature, the user
can lay out a grid which follows the bending. The program always
works with a rectangular grid. To estimate the error in the
deposition in each grid cell due to bending, take the difference
between the area of the cell measured in the warped grid and in
the rectangular grid. Divide the difference by the cell area in
the rectangular grid. See Figure 6.
COAST
DISTORTED GRID
AND COASTLINE
ERROR IN A
DISTORTED CELL
Distorted Grid
FIGURE 6
14
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2.3. Current Meters
Current meters are assumed to have a prime direction which can be
related to the grid coordinate system by a clockwise angle meas-
ured from the grid x-coordinate to the prime axis of each meter.
Within the meter coordinate system the currents are defined by
the current speed and direction, which is the clockwise angle
from the current meter axis to the current vector. See Figure
7.
METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/
X
'CURRENT DIRECTION
PRIME DIRECTION
Y
UP-RIGHT
Current Meter Measurements
FIGURE 7
15
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2.3.1. Distorted Grids with Multiple Current Meters
Multiple current meters are described in Section 2.5.. but a
certain subtlety is involved in their use in warped grids.
Consider the three meters and their principal currents shown in
Figure 8. Meter number 1 is near the center where the grid is
properly oriented. Its principle current direction is North,
which maps correctly into the rectangular grid of SEDDEP. It
requires no special treatment.
METER 2
METER 1
METER 3
Multiple Current Meters in a Distorted Grid
FIGURE 8
16
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At meter number 2 the main direction of the current is North 30
degrees East. The primary axis of the meter should be mapped as
North in the computer grid, so we apply a rotation of -30 degrees
in the definition of the meter.
s
Meter number 3 has a current at 330 degrees, or North 30 degrees
West and requires a rotation of +30 degrees for alignment in the
rectangular grid.
17
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2.4. Sedimentation Tables
The principal product of the program is a table showing total
amount of particle mass deposited in each cell by all releases. A
table is produced for each of the particle groups and for the sum
of all the groups. These tables (or maps) are created on a disk
file from which they may be extracted for use by other programs
or word processors. Figure 9 is an illustration of a sediment
table for a small grid.
The example is unusual in tha& it is the result of a single
release and that all the mass settled within the grid.
( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT )
I\J =
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 12.4458 .0000 .0000 .0000
4. .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 13.4422 .0000 .0000 .0000
5. .0000 .0000 .0000 37.7498 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6. .0000 .0000 .0000 12.5017 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
7. .0000 .0000 .0000 12.5906 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
8. .0000 .0000 .0000 11.2699 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
Sedimentation Table for One PVD of One Particle Group
(Percent of Total Mass)
FIGURE 9
18
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Figure 9 shows the distribution of deposited mass for one size of
particles. Section 4.5 illustrates the technique used to control
the fractional or absolute nature of the deposition data.
The notation "LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT" is signifi-
cant because the user can choose the grid coordinated system used
for input and output to have any of four orientations. See
Section 2.3. Grid Layout. The positive longshore and offshore
directions will be indicated on all figures which are grid relat-
ed.
19
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2.5. Multiple Current Meters
In the event that more than one current meter is used (SEDDEP
will allow up to 15) the user must define the cells of the
grid in which the data from each meter is used to compute the
current. If two or more meters are active in a particular grid
cell, the program uses the inverse square distance (cell to
meter) to form a weighted average of the displacements provided
by each meter.
^t.
The example in Figure 10 shows a possible arrangement of the
influence of two current meters over a small 6X4 grid. The
numbers followed by decimal points are the numbers of the cells
in the X- and Y-directions. In the grid diagram for each cur-
rent meter, the cells in which that meter is to be effective are
marked with a "l"(one). A "0"(zero) is used to mark those cells
which ignore the particular meter.
20
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w-
X
cell
num
N
A
|
I-E
S
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
0
0
0
1
1
1
1.
Y
0
0
0
1
1
1
2.
eel
0
0
0
1
1
1
3.
LI
0
0
0
1
1
1
4.
num
6.1
5.|
4-1
3.|
2.|
1.1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1.
1
1
1
0
0
0
2.
1
1
1
0
0
0
3.
1
1
1
0
0
0
4.
offshore >
UP-RIGHT
Current Meter #1 Current Meter #2
Abrupt Assignment of *£urrent Meter Influence
FIGURE 10
Meter #1 is active over the south half of the grid. Meter #2 is
active over the north half of the grid. If a PVD starts in the
south half, it obtains displacement segments from the data for
meter #1. As the PVD crosses over into the north half of the
grid it abruptly obtains displacement segments from meter #2.
For example, if the 632nd observation from meter #1 was being
used at the time of the cross over, the 633rd observation from
meter #2 will be used for the next segment.
Such sudden changes in current meter application assignment may
be realistic if the bathymetry involves submarine canyons or
ridges, or if there are actually distinct regions of current
flow.
21
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If the transition from meter #1 to meter #2 should, in fact, be
smooth, the scheme shown in Figure 11 might be used. Here the
first meter has absolute control over the cells in rows 1 and 2.
The second meter controls rows 5 and 6. In rows 3 and 4 PVDs are
formed of segments which are averaged, weighted by inverse square
distance from the PVD to each of the two meters.
X
cell
num
N
A .
1
W-j-E
S
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
0
0
1
1
1
1
1.
Y
0
0
1
1
1
1
2.
ce
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
LI
¥• '
.0
1
1
1
1
. 4.
num
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
1
.1
1
1
0
0
1.
1
1
1
1
0
0
2.
1
1
1
1
0
0
3.
1
1
1
1
0
0
4.
Current Meter f1
UP-RIGHT
Current Meter #2
Overlapping Assignment of Current Meter Influence
FIGURE 11
With the exception of the approximate isobathic coastal influence
layer, the program does not treat currents which are variable
with depth. The displacements supplied by the current meters
apply to the movement of the wastefield particles at all depths.
Suppose data exist from three current meters in a vertical array
over the same grid location and that these data apply over the
same array of grid cells. If this information is entered into
22
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the program as three meters, SEDDEP will just do simple arith-
metic averaging, since all three will always be the same (hori-
zontal) distance from any PVD segment. If the user has several
such strings of meters , it would be prudent to do arithmetic
averaging of data from related meters and enter the averages
instead of the raw data.
* RUM TITLE
** RUN TITLE
EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
*
* ;.*V- UNITS SECTION
*
** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations,
** coastal influence distance)
** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
KM
** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step)
** HR, MIN, or SEC
HR
** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS
CM /SEC
** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
** METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
METERS
** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
CM/SEC
** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
UNIT
** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
** MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
PERCENT
*
Part of a Typical Main Input File
FIGURE 12
23
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3. HOW TO PREPARE DATA
The data for SEDDEP consists of one main. input file to describe
the detailed nature of a particular problem, one to define the
bathymetry, and one file to describe the currents from each
meter.
3.1. General Rules for Input
Figure 12 shows part of a main input file. The user can refer to
this example while the generalities of data preparation are
discussed. Each section of the complete example file is dis-
cussed in detail in Section 4..
3.1.1. Comment lines
Comment lines are lines of 126 or less characters that have an
asterisk in column one and record the user's remarks or provide
guidance in data ordering. Comment lines may be used freely
throughout the main input file, but they are not allowed in the
midst of tables such as those of depth, current observations, and
current meter application. Comment lines DO NOT affect the
program. They are used only to help the user to divide groups of
data and to indicate data that are to be on the following lines.
The program will run properly with no comment lines, but the data
still must be in the order specified by this document.
24
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3.1.2. Alphabetic Input Lines
Lines which define different options and units of measure,
directional orientation for the grid coordinates, depth specifi-
cation method, and the names of other files to be read may be in
upper, lower, or mixed case. All of these key words may have
leading blanks, but embedded blanks are not allowed.
The run title line may hold any characters (including embedded
blanks), but column one must no% contain an asterisk, least the
title be mistaken for a comment line.
Alphabetic Input Lines (including the run title) are limited to
126 characters.
3.1.3. Numeric Input Lines
Numeric data lines can contain only digits, decimal points, and
plus and minus signs. The numeric data items on any line of any
of the files are in free field format. For most lines of data,
the items required may be placed anywhere on the line as long as
they remain in the correct order and any one numeric field does
not extend to another line. They may be close together or far
apart as long as there is at least one blank between the fields.
25
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* speed, direction spd dir ...
10.080 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690
14.000 .000 13.000 .000
3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 90.000 .000 .000
11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444
10.000 .000 12.166 350.538 11.000 .000 8.544 20.556 6.403 38.660 3.606 56.310
4.123 194.036 3.162 198.435 3.162 161.565 3.606 146.310 5.385 111.801 2.236 63.435
5.000 53.130 3.162 18.435 7.000 .000
7.211 326.310 5.385 21.801 5.000 36.870 4.000 90.000 5.099 101.310 6.325 198.435
7.071 188.130 7.071 188.130 2.236 153.435 6.083 170.538 6.000 180.000 2.828 225.000
Example of Continuous Data
Current Meter Data Table
FIGURE 13
Continuous data sets, such as the current meter data tables shown
f.'v
in Figure 13 and explained in Section 3.2.3. may be extremely
free form. There may be any number of numeric fields on a line
and they may extend to as many lines as necessary. These sets
are read as if they were one long line. They must not contain
comments, but comments may be used on separate lines at the
beginning and at the end of the set.
*X\Y Y D Y o *X\Y
1. 1 0 17 80 4. 3. 2. 1.
2.101780 6. 0000
3.101780 5. 0000
4. 1 0 17 80 4. 1 1 1 1
5. 1 0 17 80 3. 1 1 1 1
6. 1 0 17 80 2. 1 1 1 1
7. 1 0 17 80 1. 1 1 1 1
8. 1 0 17 80
* DOWN-RIGHT . UP-LEFT
Depth Contour Table Current Meter Application
Table
Examples of Grid Oriented Data
FIGURE 14
26
-------
On the other hand, tables which are closely allied with the grid
structure (depth tables and tables which specify the application
of multiple current meters, shown in Figure 14) must have all the
data for one constant X-coordinate grid line on one line of the
data file. The only exception to this rule is that when it is
not possible to put all the necessary data on one line due to the
large number of grid cells, the grid of input data may be split
into as many parts as necessary. Figure 15 is an example of grid
oriented data which has been split into two parts.
** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE FILE - EXMP1FLD.DEP
6RIDEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD GRID,CONTOUR
*X\Y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
2.
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
13.
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
3.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
14.
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
4.
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.
70.0
'70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
5.
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
16.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
6.
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
17
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
7.
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
8.
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
9.
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
10.
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
11.
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
END OF GRID DATA
Examples of Grid Oriented Data
Which has been Split into Sections
FIGURE 15
27
-------
The examples in Figures 13, 14, and 15 have been kept orderly
for the sake of clarity. However, the columns used for the
fields on each line of data are not rigidly determined, even
though the number of data items is fixed by the number of cells
(allowing for split rows if necessary) along a grid coordinate
line. The data in Figure 13 has been distorted slightly from a
systematic pattern, but it could be even more broken up. It is
not even necessary to have the direction that goes with a speed
on the same line, as long as the pertinent direction is the first
S. "v
item on the next line. It may be convenient for the user to have
one speed and one direction on each line. SEDDEP would accept
the speed on one line and the direction on the next, and then the
next speed, etc.
All numbers are read in floating point form. Those which are
counters (like the number of cells) are converted to integers
internally. Integers and floating point numbers which are whole
numbers may be entered with or without decimal points.
Both types of numeric data lines may be of virtually unlimited
length. The limitations of the user's editing program will be
the deciding factor.
28
-------
3.2. Modeling Details
3.2.1. The Grid
PVD tracks and the locations of the diffuser and the current
meters are measured in a familiar coordinate system where the X-
axis is longshore (positive either up or down on the input and
output) and the Y-axis is cross shore (positive offshore always,
but also positive to the left or the right of the input and
output.) The prime corner of tk'e grid is where X and Y are both
zero, and the problem always takes place in the first quadrant:
both X and Y positive.
The program imposes the restriction that the positive Y-direction
must point AWAY FROM THE SHORE as an aide in determining the
direction of the shore in the process of modification of dis-
placement vectors so that the flow follows the depth contours
near the bottom. See Figures 16-18.
29
-------
<-- +y offshore Prime Corner
98765432 1 /
/ 1
2
3
4
5
\
corner 5,9 DOWN-LEFT
Grid Line Numbering
Coordinate System
(Used for Depths)
FIGURE 16
<-- +y offshore
87654321
M
I
~
~
_
~
~~
~~
11. 3
~~l~~
~l~
"~l~"
1,2|1,1| 1
|2,1| 2
|3,1| 3
~l~|-*
DOWN-LEFT
Cell Numbering
Coordinate System
(Used for Deposition Maps)
FIGURE 17
<-- +y offshore
Y= 1.00 mi 0.75 0.50 0.25
I I I I
87654321
0.0
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
I I
I I
I I
0.0
1
2 _0.25 =X
3
0.50 mi
DOWN-LEFT
Grid Measurement Coordinate System
FIGURE 18
30
-------
METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/
X
PRIME DIRECTION
IURRENT DIRECTION
Y
UP-RIGHT
Meter Coordinate System
(Figure 7 Repeated)
FIGURE 19
The current meters must be located within the grid system, but
need not be oriented parallel to the grid. The user must specify
the clockwise angle from the X-axis of the grid to the primary
direction of each meter. See Figure 19.
This angle may be the same for all meters, typically equal to the
local magnetic anomaly. However, more advanced modeling where the
grid is imagined to be slightly warped around the bathymetry
requires that a different angle be specified for each meter. See
Section 2.3.1.
31
-------
3.2.2. Bathymetry
Bathymetry may be described by designating the depth at each and
every X-Y grid intersection (including grid boundaries.) Alter-
natively, a table of Y cell numbers for several intersections of
isobaths with lines of constant X may be specified. In the
contour method, the Y cell numbers are measured in units of the
cell dimension rather than the physical units (such as kilome-
ters) of the grid. The entry 3.7 would represent a point 70% of
the way across cell number 3 in the Y-direction.
-£;
The two methods may be used in conjunction to good end. If the
user inputs contour crossings, the program interpolates depths at
grid intersections and writes them to an output file which
.later may be edited to include details not- captured by the
interpolation method. The file may then become the depth data
input file. Examples of each method for the same data are given
in Figures 27 and 28 of Section 4.3.
32 ^
-------
3.2.3. Current Meters
Currents are specified by giving the speed and the direction
relative to the prime axis of the meter. The clockwise angle
between the X-axis of the grid and the prime axis of the meter is
input when the meter location is given in the current meter data
file. Observations are evenly spaced in time and all meters
must provide data at simultaneous times.
Some users will lack either bile need, or the desire to obtain
data from actual current meters. The current meter files for
SEDDEP can be prepared by hand to approximate a real situation
or to represent a theoretical environment. The currents in
EXAMPLE 1 are from a real source even though the planar bathyme-
try is obviously theoretical. It would be just as"reasonable to
use real bathymetry and fictitious currents.
Figure 20 shows the current meter file that supplies the PVDs
with observations for EXAMPLE 1. This file is for a problem with
a single current meter. Multiple current meter files must have a
table of the influence of the meter over the grid. The table is
placed between the number of observations line and the velocity
table. See the current ( .CUR) files which are a part of
EXAMPLE 2.
33
-------
* FILE: EXMP1.CUR
* METER LOCATION km ANGLE
•NUMBER OF (rel. to grid CORNER) GRID X TO METER X
•OBSERVATIONS X Y (cw deg)
1024 .0 .0 0.
*
* CURRENT METER INFLUENCE TABLE FOR MULTIPLE METERS WOULD
* BE PLACED HERE
*
"CURRENT SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS
* SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR
* cm/sec deg cw
7.280 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690
14.000 .000 13.000 .000 12.166 9.462 11.000 .000 8.062 352.875 7.280 344.055
3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 90.000 .000 .000 3.162251.565 11.180 79.695
11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444
5.099 348.690 4.123 345.964 4.472 26.565 3.162 18.435 7.000 90.000 5.099 101.310
5.831 59.036 5.000 323.130 6.083 9.462 7.071 8.130 7.000 .000 12.000 .000
7.000 .000 11.705340.017 9.434327.995 7.211326.310 10.000323.130 8.544290.556
2.236 206.565 4.123 194.036 4.123 165.964 7.000 180.000
END OF CURRENT DATA
File EXMP1.OJR
Partial List of Current Speeds and Directions
FIGURE 20
34
-------
I IJ
[ 2]
[ 3]
[ 4]
[ 5]
[ 6]
[7]
[ 8]
[ 9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
DO]
D1]
02]
D3]
D4]
D5]
[36]
[37]
D8]
D9]
.... --rll_c NHnc: ocui.in
** RUN TITLE
EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
*
*
** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations.
** coastal influence distance)
** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
KM
** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step)
** • HR, MIN, or SEC
HR
** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC, FT/SEC, MILES/HR, KNOTS
CM/SEC
** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
** METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
METERS *••*'
** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
CM/SEC
** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
UNIT
** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
**. MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
PERCENT
*
* ___- MCf.-
uRID ScL
*
** DIFFUSER LOCATION
** NUMBER OF CELLS GRID SIZE (relative to grid center)
** X Y X Y X Y
16 16 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.0
**
** X may be + UP or + DOWN (the X axis is always longshore)
DOWN
'ION
noN
COASTAL
INFLUENCE
DISTANCE
1.0
** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore)
RIGHT
it
Main Data File for EXAMPLE 1
FIGURE 21
(Continued on Next Page)
35
-------
[40] * DEPTH SECTION
[41] *
[42] ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE
[43] EXMP1GRD.DEP
[44] **
[45] ' ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS
[46] 15 5
[47] *
[48] * - CURRENT METER SECTION
[49] *
[50] ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS TIME STEP
[51] 1 .75
[52] ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES (ONE FILE PER LINE)
[53] EXMP1.CUR
[54] *
[55] * PARTICLE GROUP SECTION
[56]
t57J ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEEDS-GROUPS
[58] ** (one more than nuntoer of groups)
[59] 5
[60] ** CUM MASS, F as a function of particle SPEED, V
[61] ** (Requires one more pair of points than groups)
[62] ** V F V F V F
[63] .01 1.0 .0316 .3165 .10 .10
[64] .3165 .03165 1.00 .0100 3.165 .003165
[65] ** MASS EMISSION RATE
[65] 1.0
[66] * -END OF DATA
Main Data File for EXAMPLE 1
FIGURE 21
(Concluded)
36
-------
3.3. The Structure of the Main Data File
Figure 21 shows the main data file for a simple problem which is
referred to as EXAMPLE 1 in the Section 4.. The name of the file
is SED1.IN . The line numbers in square brackets are not a part
of the file, but are used to refer to each line as it is ex-
plained.
All data for this program can be prepared or modified using any
computer editing program whichM3'an produce and modify ASCII text
files. IMPORTANT: Be sure to use the word processor in the text
or non-document mode. The program will not accept files produced
in the word-processing (embedded control codes) mode.
There is only one main data file for each problem, and it will
always provide definitions of units, grid specifications, some
current information, and data to define the particle distribu-
tion. There will always be a depth file and at least one (and up
to 10) files to define the current meter data from which the PVDs
are generated.
37
-------
The main data file consists of six sections listed below:
SECTION
1. Title
2. Units
3. Grid
4. Depth
CONTENTS
- one line of title which prints on the output
tables.
- specifies the units of the grid, time, currents,
depths, settling speed, emission rate, and
deposition rate.
- defines the size and shape of the grid, diffuser
location, and coastal influence distance.
- names the depth file, sets the wastefield depth
and the benthic boundary layer thickness.
5. Currents - names up to 10 files, each of which of which
gives the location and orientation of a current
meter and the data it has gathered.
6. Particles - provides the information necessary to calculate
the settling speeds of up to 10 groups of
particles and specifies the mass emission rate
of particulates from the diffuser.
38
-------
4. EXAMPLE 1: INPUT
The paragraphs below examine in detail the problem defined in
Figure 21, which figure has also been divided into several small-
er figures which follow below for convenience. The line numbers
which appear on these figures in square brackets are not a part
of the file, but are used in this document for expository pur-
poses.
4.1. Example 1: Run Title an% Units
Lines [1] and [2] in Figure 22 are comment lines. . Line [1] is
included to display the name of the file on the screen during
editing and on any listing of the file that is printed. Line [2]
reminds the user of what is expected on line [3], namely, the run
title.
[ 1] * FILE NAME: SED1.IN
I 2] ** RUN TITLE
t 3] EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
[ 4] *
Title Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 22
39
-------
Remember that neither lines [1],[2], nor [4] is necessary to the
operation of the program and that there could be several more
comment lines if desired.
The first line of real data for SEDDEP is line [3], the run
title line. That line must NOT have an asterisk in column one.
It should describe briefly the nature of the problem, the user's
name, etc. It is not necessary to include the date and time of
the run, as the program obtains them from the operating system
and uses them on the results it*.produces.
[ 5] * - UNITS SECTION
[ 6] *
[ 7] ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations,
t 8] ** coastal influence distance)
[9] ** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
[10] KM
[11] ** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step)
[12] ** HR, MIN, or SEC
[13] HR
[14] ** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS
[15] CM/SEC
[16] ** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
[17] ** . METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
[18] . METERS
[19] ** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
[20] CM/SEC
[21] ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
[22] ** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
[23] UNIT
[24] ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
[25] ** MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
[26] PERCENT
[27] *
Units Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 23
40
-------
Comment lines [5]-[9] in Figure 23 are optional, used to help
provide the user with a template for the necessary data. The
next real datum is on line [10] where the user has selected
kilometers (KM) to be the units of cell dimensions, the locations
of the diffuser and the current meters, and the width of the
coastal influence zone in which PVDs are turned away from shallow
water. All these physical measurements must be in the same
units. The program accepts kilometers, miles, nautical miles,
meters, or feet as KM, MILES, NM. METERS, or FEET.
5?«'*,'
On line [13], time units are entered as HR. Time can be speci-
fied as either hours or minutes. Enter HR, MIN, or SEC on the
left end of the line. The time unit is used to specify the
interval between current meter observations (and thus, PVD
steps).
The current speed units are given as CM/SEC on line [15]. Sever-
al other unit selections are available, as shown on line [14].
On line [18] of Figure 23 the user declares METERS to be the
units of depth.
The units of the settling speed of the particles may be cm/sec or
ft/sec as the user states on line [19]. The settling speed units
affect the user's formulation of the mass-speed distribution.
See Section 4.5.
41
-------
On line [23] the units of particle mass flow through the diffuser
may be given as metric tons per year or kilograms per second. A
third choice, UNIT, is used when particle deposition results are
desired as a fraction or percent of the diffuser flow.
The units of the sediment maps are specified on line [22] and may
be either milligrams per square centimeter per year, grams per
square meter per day, or fraction or percent of total outflow.
NORMALIZED produces deposition maps where each particle group has
1.0 as the total flux. In such a case, the deposition map for
the combined groups is also normalized.
42
-------
4.2. Example 1: Grid
The first two fields of line [29] of Figure 24 specify the number
of cells in the X- and Y-directions, each of which must be an
even number, 40 or less.
[28] * GRID SECTION
[29] *
DO] ** DIFFUSER LOCATION COSTEUO
[31] ** NUMBER OF CELLS GRID SIZE (relative to grid center) INFLUENCE
D2] ** X Y X Y *-''•* X Y DISTANCE
[33] 16 16 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.0 1.0
[34] **
[35] ** X may be + UP or + DOWN (the X axis is always longshore)
[36] DOWN
[37] ** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore)
[38] RIGHT
[39] *
Grid Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 24
The units of the next five items on line [29] are set in the
Units Section, above.
The grid in this example (see line [29]) consists of 16 cells in
the X-direction (longshore) and 16 cells in the Y-direction
(cross shore.) The cells are (but need not be) the same size in
both directions (0.25 km).
The diffuser is located at the grid center, 2.0 km offshore from
the line of Y=0 (the onshore boundary of the grid) and 1.25 km
43
-------
from the line of X=0, or 0.75 km from the center.
The last item on line [29] states that if a PVD gets within one
kilometer.(measured in the direction of decreasing Y) of the
contour line which matches the depth of the fallen particles
(including an allowance for the benthic boundary layer), then the
process of directing the PVD parallel to that contour line will
begin.
Line [32] and line [34] allow the user to pick the positive
directions for X and Y for inp&t and output representations of
the grid. Each of the three different coordinate systems related
to the grid always has the same orientation as the other two. If
X is positive UP it is so for cells, for grid lines, and for
distances measured from the prime corner of the grid.
Note that the entire problem always takes place in the first
quadrant with respect to cell numbers and positions where X and Y
are both positive. Negative values of cell numbers are inter-
preted as being outside the grid and are valid only in specifying
depth contour crossings.
44
-------
[40] * —DEPTH SECTION
£41] *
[423 ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE
[43] EXMP1GRD.DEP
[44] **
[45] ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS
[46] 15 5
[47] *
Depth Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 26
45
-------
4.3. Example 1: Depth
Line [46] in Figure 26 provides the initial wastefield depth and
the thickness of the benthic boundary layer, both given in meters
according to the selection made in the UNITS SECTION. Line [43]
gives the name of the file containing the depth information.
There are two methods for specifying the bathymetry. They are
shown in Figures 27 and 28.
— NAMt Ul- UtPIH lABLt MLt
"DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD
GRID
,„, tXNHlliKU.UkP
GRID, CONTOUR
*X\Y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
2.
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
4.
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
5.
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
6.
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
7.
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
8.
35.0
35.0
35.0 '
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
9.
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
10.
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
11.
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
12.
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
13.
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
14.
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
15.
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
16.
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
17.
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
END OF GRID DATA
Grid Specification of Depths
FIGURE 27
46
-------
** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE FILE EXMP1CO
**DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD GRID,CONTOUR
CONTOUR
*
**DEPTH CONTOUR TABLE (X & Y measured in grid cell lengths)
D = depth in units specified by user
Y D
**
**x
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Y
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Y
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
D
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
** END OF CONTOURS
Contour Specification of Depths
FIGURE 28
CONTOUR, in Figure 28 states that the depths are to be given by
specifying on each line of constant X, the Y-values of the
crossings of contours, in which case SEDDEP interpolates the
depth at each Y-grid line.
Contour intercepts are indicated on each of the 17 lines of con-
stant X in Figure 28. The geometry represents a simple plane
that has a depth of zero at the shore and 80 meters on the 17th
Y-grid line.
47
-------
Notice that the sense of the grid as specified at lines [36] and
[38] of Figure 21 is preserved ( DOWN for positive X and RIGHT
for positive Y .) If X had been specified positive UP, then the
top line of depth data would be for X=17. If Y had been selected
as positive LEFT, then the order of the contour intercepts would
be reversed: 10 17 80 would be entered as 17 80 10.
In Figure 28, the line "3. 1 0 17 80 " is interpreted as
follows (see Figures 16-18 for an example of a grid):
3. indicates this isVthe eighth X-line, on the X=0
side of the third cell in the X-direction.
1 0 indicates that the contour of depth 0 meters
crosses the X=3 line at Y=l, the onshore edge of
cell number 1 in the Y-direction. Since the seabed
in this problem is a plane, this condition is true
for all values of X.
17 80 indicates that the contour of depth 80 meters
crosses the X=3 line at Y=17, the offshore edge
of cell number 16 in the Y-direction.
The Y values in this simple example are all integers. In a real
problem the Y values would be integers followed by decimal frac-
tions, indicating that specific contours cross somewhere in the
middle of the cells rather than exactly on the cell boundaries.
48
-------
The X values, however, will ALWAYS BE INTEGERS since the
interpolation takes place along lines of constant X.
Figure 27 could have been produced by hand or as the output from
Figure 28. It contains the grid depths interpolated to the grid
intersections in the same form as if the user had input them.
This table can be edited to make it more realistic and then the
name of the depth file at line [43] of Figure 21 can be changed
for use in subsequent solutions**^
The decimal points and trailing zeros in Figure 27 are not neces-
sary for input. All of these simple depths could have been
entered as integers.
4.4. Example 1: Current Meter
[48] * CURRENT METER SECTION
[49] *
[50] ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS TIME STEP
[51] 1 .75
[52] ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES (ONE FILE PER LINE)
[53] EXMP1.CUR
[54] *
Current Meter Section of
Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 29
49
-------
Line [51] of Figure 29 specifies a single current meter and a
time step of .75 hours.
Line [53] of Figure 29 gives the name of the file that defines
the single current meter. If there were multiple current meters,
the names of the files would be listed one per line at this point
in the main data file.
In the case of a single meter, the location is irrelevant, but
some position must be specifiedv^'so "0. 0." is as good as any.
As with all floating point numbers used by this program, decimal
points are not necessary if the numbers are integers, but they
can be used. Thus, "0 0", "0. 0.", ". 0 .0", or any
mixture of the different formats is satisfactory.
50
-------
* FILE: EXMP1.CUR
* METER LOCATION km ANGLE
•NUMBER OF (rel. to grid CORNER) GRID X TO METER X
•OBSERVATIONS X Y (cw deg)
1024 .0 .0 0.
•CURRENT SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS '
* SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR
* cm/sec cw deg
7.280 15.945 9.000 .000 12.166350.538 14.866340.346 14.142351.870 15.297348.690
14.000 .000 13.000 .000 12.166 9.462 11.000 .000 8.062352.875 7.280344.055
3.606326.310 2.236333.435 4.000 9.000 .000 .000 3.162251.565 11.180 79.695
11.662 59.036 10.630 48.814 5.831 30.964 10.296330.945 6.403321.340 8.544339.444
5.831 59.036 5.000 323.130 6.083 %9.462 7.071 8.130 7.000 .000 12.000 .000
7.000 .000 11.70534.017 9.434327.995 7.211326.310 1.000323.130 8.544290.556
2.236 206.565 4.123 194.036 4.123 165.964 7.000 18.0 00
END OF CURRENT DATA
File EXMP1.CUR
Partial List of Current Speeds and Directions
(Figure 20 Repeated)
FIGURE 30
51
-------
Figure 30 is a partial listing of file EXMP1.CUR . The number of
observations is the number of current meter readings (starting
with the first) which are to be used for the problem at hand.
This file happens to have 1024 speeds, each followed by a direc-
tion. Specifying 1024 means that the whole file is to be used.
There may be any number of readings in the file, but SEDDEP has
room for only the first 3000 for each meter. If the user is
working a smaller problem, a much smaller number may be .specified
to use only those readings at the head of the file.
- *;;
4.5. Example 1: Particle Groups
[55] * PARTICLE GROUP SECTION
[56] *
[57] ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEED GROUPS
[58] ** . (one more than number of groups)
[59] 5
[60] ** CUM MASS, F as a function of particle SPEED, V
[61] ** (Requires one more pair of points than groups)
[62] ** V F V F V F
[63] .01 1.0 .0316 .3165 .10 .10
[64] .3165 .03165 1.00 .0100 3.165 .003165
[65] ** MASS EMISSION RATE
[65] 1.0
[66] * -END OF DATA
Particle Group Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
FIGURE 31
52
-------
Line [65] of Figure 31 provides the mass emission rate in units
previously specified in the UNITS SECTION. This number is used
as a multiplier of the F mass distribution function defined
just below.
Line [59] in Figure 31 states that there are five groups of
particles. The program will allow 10. The data on line [63]
indicate that the first group consists of all particles with
settling speeds between .010 and 0.0316 cm/sec. The mass in this
group is the difference between the two F values: 1.0 - .3165
JU'V
= .6835
A group is all the particles in a specific range of speeds.
Thus, the table of speed and cumulative mass function always
represents one less group than there are points in the distribu-
tion.
SEDDEP uses the cumulative distribution function, F, of particles
with a given settling speed, V, or higher is
F= A / V B
where A and B define a straight line on a log-log
plot. The constant, A, is the value of F where V is one. The
value, B, is the slope of the line. All particle groups may use
the same straight line or each group may have its own line. In
any case, the collection of line segments for the groups is
53
-------
assumed to be continuous.
The lines are provided by curve fitting to experimental data
gathered using settling tubes or by equivalent estimation based
on the user's experience. Figure 32 shows an simulated example
of data and a fitted curve.
emulative 1.0 -
mass fraction
with V < VR
0.1 -
.0 1
VB
I I I
10 1 0.1 .01
VR (cm/sec)
I I
.001 .0001
Settling Speed Characteristics of Effluent Particles
FIGURE 32
The mass contained in the water column which has settling speeds
between V1 and V2 is given by
F2 - F! = .A (V2~B - V-f8 )
54
-------
By proper selection of A and B, the F and V scales may have
considerable flexibility. Actually, the user need not be
concerned with A and B. SEDDEP calculates them internally, and
uses them to interpolate the mass deposited by small ranges of V.
The V function must be entered in the particle settling speed
units that have been specified (cm/sec or ft/sec.)
The F function in Figures 31 and 32 is defined so that F=1.0
accounts for all of the mass. *-%uch a function can be used with
mass emission rate of 1.0 to produce fractional mass depositions.
If mass emission rate is 100, percent distributions are obtained.
If mass emission rate is an actual mass emission rate associated
with the outfall, then F should be a unit distribution func-
tion. Finally, the mass emission rate could be set to 1.0 and
F could be scaled to reflect the a peak at the actual mass rate.
The table may contain up to 11 pairs of V and F. The list illus-
trated in Figure 31 continues on to a second line. The table is
like a current meter velocity table of speeds and directions.
It may occupy as many lines as the user desires, to the point of
putting one V on one line followed by one F on the next, etc. as
long as Vs and Fs properly alternate.
There may be no comments within the table, but there may be
comments at the end.
55
-------
Particles of different settling speeds encounter the bathymetric
directed sub-current at different points along what would other-
wise be the same PVD. The program works with several groups of
particles. A and B and can be the same for all particles (one
straight line on the log-log plot) or can take different values
in different settling speed ranges for more sophisticated analy-
ses (a curved line, although piecewise straight, on the log-log
plot.)
• ^»;;
Figure 33 shows three different mass-speed distributions. The
"Realistic" distribution has a maximum F of .49, the other half
of the mass, presumably, is left in suspension rather than being
deposited.
56
-------
TYPICAL
V DISTRIBUTION (5 GROUPS)
SPEED F f
(cm/sec) GRP CUM MASS I NCR MASS
| TYPICAL |
| DISTRIBUTION (8 GROUPS) |
IF * I
| GRP CUM MASS INCR MASS | GRP
I
I
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
3.
000316
001000
003162
010000
1
031623
2
100000
3
316228
4
000000
5
162278
1.000000
0.683770
0.316230
0.216230
0.100000
0.068377
0.031623
0.021623
0.010000
0.006838
0.003162
A=0.01
B=1.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.000000
.316230
.100000
.031623
.010000
.003162
s.
.001000
.000316
.000100
0
0
0
0
0
>*' 0
0
0
.683770
.216230
.068377
.021623
.006838
.002162
.000684
.000216
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A=. 00031623
B=1.00
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
A=0
490053
305684
190653
1 18925
074173
046267
028856
180000
011226
.018
B=0.410
REALISTIC
DISTRIBUTION
F f
CUM MASS INCR MASS
0.184369
0.115031
0.071727
0.044750
0.027905
0.017410
0.010856
0.006773
Particle Mass Distributions
FIGURE 33
57
-------
5. RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS
5.1 Installation
The user will receive three diskettes of approximately 360k
capacity. The directories appear below:
DISK 1 Program disk
SEDDEP.BAT This ba%ch file is used to start the
program. Type in SEDDEP and the
batch file will find the date and
time, and start the program SEDDEP1.EXE,
SED.EXE This is the large program that reads
the input file, follows the PVDs and
produces the output.
DTIME.EXE Small program which makes the current
date and time available for SEDDEP
DISK 2 Input and output files for the example problems.
SED1.IN Main input file, EXAMPLE 1
DISPLIST.TH Displacement table for current meters
DISPLACE.IND List of displacement indices
form current meter
SED1.0UT Results of a single PVD example
58
-------
SED2.IN Main input file, EXAMPLE 2
SFOA1.CUR |
SFOA2.CUR | Three current meter files in the
SFOA3.CUR | direct mode: speeds and directions
SED2.OUT Results of all possible PVDs created
from spatial averaging of three meters
These files may be copied and the copies may be edited into the
user's own problem definitions. It is recommended that the
original files be retained. To help prevent inadvertent destruc-
tion they are DOS protected. Working copies of the files can be
made on diskettes or on hard disk.
If there is a hard disk, the user will probably want to make a
new directory for SEDDEP and copy the files from the diskette to
the hard disk. If there is no hard disk, the program must be run
from the diskette in DRIVE A:, with output directed to DRIVE B:
59
-------
5.2 Running the Program
At the DOS prompt, type in SEDDEP. The batch file SEDDEP.BAT
asks the user to be sure the printer is on and on-line, sets the
printer to 132 characters per line, uses the short program,
DTIME.EXE, to read in the current date and time from the system,
and starts SEDDEP. This exercise takes place at the DOS level
and must be performed even if the user intends to send output to
a disk file rather than to the printer.
, v.
Next, the screen will clear and the user will be asked a series
of questions concerning the control of the SEDDEP run.
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE INPUT FILE ?
In the case of EXAMPLE 1, the correct answer is SED1.IN, and in
the case of EXAMPLE 2, SED2.IN is the correct name. If the user
misspells the name or names a file which has been deleted,
SEDDEP will ask the question again.
If the input file is not in the current DOS directory (usually
shown as part of the screen prompt at the system level) then
enter the directory of the file along with its name.- For exam-
ple: \MYSTUFF\SEDIMENT\SED1.IN
would indicate that the file SED1.IN is located in the second
level directory SEDIMENT , which is part of the first level
60
-------
directory MYSTUFF. The drive letter designation can also be a
part of the "path" to the file.
At this point the program reads in the main input file. The data
will not appear on the screen unless the ECHO or CHECK options
have been invoked.
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTPUT FILE ?
IT IS RECOMMENDEEk-THE FILE BE NAMED .OUT
DEFAULT (CR) GOES TO THE PRINTER :
The output from the program can be sent to the printer or to a
disk file. Disk file output can be scanned or edited using an
editor, TYPEd or PRINTed using the DOS commands, or incorporated
into documents using a word processor. Answer the following
question with a carriage return or PRN if the on-line printer is
desired, or with the name of a new or existing disk file if
disk output is wanted. Old files will be overwritten without
warning. Users without hard disk systems may be forced to use
the printer, since the program and the output files can be very
large. In any event, a user with only diskettes should direct
the output to DRIVE B: by specifying the output file to be some-
thing like B:MYFILE.OUT
61
-------
SHOULD THE INPUT FILE BE ECHOED
ON THE SCREEN ? (Y/N)
An answer of Y or Y to this question causes the main input file
( example, Figure 15) to be copied onto the screen as it is being
read. If SEDDEP detects a read error, say, because of alphabet-
ic information where there should be numeric, it is helpful to
know where the event occurred. On most computers the data will
be displayed too quickly to read unless an error stops the proc-
essing, but the point of the feature is to locate errors, not to
read the file.
For all questions where the answer is yes or no (Y/N) either
upper or lower case answers may be used. However, if the answer
is anything except y, Y, n, or N, the question will be repeated.
SHOULD THE INPUT ORDER BE CHECKED
ON THE SCREEN ? (Y/N)
The CHECK option is similar to the ECHO option except that the
program gives the user information about what input was expected
as well as what was received. This is very useful in cases where
a line of data is missing or where an extra line appears. For
instance, if line [73] of Figure 15 were missing, the program
would have no value to number of current meters. It would read
62
-------
the next non-comment line, [80] to get the number of meters.
Instead of the correct answer, 1, it would report 5 (the number
of particle sets.)
The ECHO and CHECK options can be used simultaneously.
SHOULD THE INPUT DATA BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ? (Y/N)
After several related runs on the program with the same or nearly
the same input file, the user may wish to suppress the report of
the input data on the output file.
SHOULD THE DEPTH GRID MAP BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ? (Y/N)
This question is asked only if the depth input method is CONTOUR.
If the user's problem is not one of variable bathymetry, it may
suffice to get one copy of the depth grid map which results from
the interpolation of the contour line - X grid crossings.
63
-------
** NOW PRINTING RECORD OF INPUT VALUES **
Unless the user specified that the input file data not be
repeated on the output file, the line above is displayed after
all the input data has been read and indicates that a printed
copy (to printer or output file) of a summary of the input is
being produced.
The optional output at this point is a reflection of most of the
data contained in the main input file. It is in a format differ-
ent from the input file, however, and is more suitable for inclu-
sion in reports. The user may not wish to produce this output
every time related or nearly identical problems are run.
64
-------
CURRENT METER SUMMARY
TR NUM
UM OBS
1 984
2 1024
3 345
. (KM ) FILE
X Y NAME
,2.50 -3.30 CURR1
5.00 1.25 CURR2
5.50 -3.60 CURR3
OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE :
NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES :
OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE :
Once all the data has been read, SEDDEP displays a summary of
some of the information concerning the current meters. In gener-
al, different current meter files might not have the same number
of observations. Or it might be desired to use less than all
those available. It is the task of the user to select how many
and which PVDs to use. The number selected will apply to all
current meters and all particle groups and must not be greater
than the number of observations for the meter with the fewest
observations.
If the number of intervals between origins is one, then every
observation between the first and the last will take its turn at
65
-------
being the first segment of a PVD. If 100 is used, the first PVD
will start with observation the number specified by the user and
the next will start with observation 100 greater than that.
LIST DETAILS FOR EACH PVD STEP (Y/N) ?
OBSERVATION NUMBER WHICH STARTS FIRST PVD TO BE PRINTED:
NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN PRINTOUTS:
OBSERVATION NUMBER WHi%H STARTS LAST PVD TO BE PRINTED:
At the user's option, the details of each step in the PVDs will
be displayed on the screen and on the printer (or output file.)
To display every step of every PVD, answer the questions above as
1,1,1000 (or some number larger than the number of PVDs. To
start at PVD number 100 and display every 10th step, stopping
after 200 steps, enter 100,10,200.
Items presented are:
PVD number
observation number of the current segment
the number of sub segments that were created if
the segment was longer than a grid cell
a flag which shows that the segment has been turned
by coastal influence
66
-------
the X- and Y-numbers of the cell under the
segment
the location (relative to the grid center) of the
head end of the segment
the distance to the effective coast
the depth of particles
the depth of the bottom
the speed of the particles
the fraction of the release unit mass which is
being deposited
the total deposit so far from the current PVD.
The display need not start with the first PVD, need not be made
at each step, and can be cut off at any step. Whatever set of
parameters is chosen, it will apply to all of the PVDs used to
study each of the particle groups.
If the user chooses not to look at the details of the PVD con-
struction, the program automatically produces . a one character
summary of each PVD. The character is D if all the mass is
deposited, L if the PVD left the grid, and X if there were not
enough segments left for the PVD to be finished before all the
mass was deposited.
67
-------
SPECIFY THE FIRST AND LAST PARTICLE GROUPS TO USE FOR THIS RUN :
FIRST:.
LAST:
The lines above allow the user to select a single particle group
or one range of particle groups.
BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3
This is a message to notify the user that calculations have
started on the next (e.g. the third) group of particles.
Once the program starts, it runs through all the particle groups
and, within each group, through all the PVDs. The program may be
stopped by pushing CRTL-Break. This aborts the run without any
guarantee that printing or writing to disk files will be properly
finished.
68
-------
6. EXAMPLE 1: OUTPUT
This is the complete output from a particular run of the sample
problem. Explanatory comments are inserted at critical points.
This file, SED1-1.OUT, is one of those supplied to the user.
SEDDEP1
SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS 6/23/89 1636
INPUT FILE:sed1.in OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT
. This is the beginning of the optional
. restatement of the input data.
UNITS AND OPTIONS
UNITS OF GRID MEASUREMENT: KM
UNITS OF DEPTH MEASUREMENT: DECIMETERS
UNITS OF TIME STEP: HR
UNITS OF PARTICLE SPEED: CM/SEC
DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD: CONTOUR
CURRENT METER TYPE: INDEXED
X
NUMBER OF CELLS 16
NUMBER OF GRID LINES 17
CELL SIZE .250
DIFFUSER LOCATION -.750
Y
16 ,
17
.250 KM
.000 KM
69
-------
This grid output is printed only if
the user requests input printing
and depth grid printing.
SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDR1CKS 6/23/89 1636
INPUT FILE:sed1.in OUTPUT FILE: sed1-1.out
GRID DEPTH TABLE (DECIMETERS) :
( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT )
J=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
2.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
3.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,0
,0
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
4.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
5.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 35&.V 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
17.
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
WATER DEPTH AT DIFFUSER:
WASTEFIELD DEPTH AT BEGINNING (T=0):
THICKNESS OF BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER:
EXTENT OF COASTAL INFLUENCE ON FLOW:
400.000 DECIMETERS
150.000 DECIMETERS
50.000 DECIMETERS
1.000 KM
- CURRENT METER INFORMATION
CURRENT METER METHOD: INDEXED
NUMBER OF METERS: 1
TIME BETWEEN OBS: .75 HR
MULTIPLIER FOR Y-COMPONENTS -1.0
ANGLE BETWEEN METERS & GRID .000 DEGREES
70
-------
. The first 12 observations of current
. data are printed here so that the user
. can identify the files without printing
. all of the observations.
FIRST 12 CURRENT DISPLACEMENT TABLE ENTRIES (KM ) FILE:DISPLIST.TH
-1.215 -1.188 -1.161 -1.134 -1.107 -1.080 -1.053 -1.026
-.999 -.972 -.945 -.918
FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENT INDICES FOR METER # 1 FILE: CURRENTS.TH
X
7
14
Y
2
0
X
9
13
Y
0
0
X
12
12
Y
2
-2
X
14
11
Y
5
0
X
14
8
Y
2
1
X
15
7
Y
3
2
. If the current meter method is Indexed,
. 12 displacement pairs are looked up and
. printed.
FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENTS (KM ) FOR METER # 1 FILE: CURRENTS.TH
X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y ' X Y
.189 -.054 .243 .000 .324 .054 .378 .135 .378 .054 .405 .081
.378 .000 .351 .000 .324 -.054 .297 .000 .216 .027 .189 .054
CURRENT METER SUMMARY
MTR NUM LOCATION (KM ) FILE
NUM DBS X Y NAME
1 1024 .000 .000 DISPLACE.IND
1024 OBSERVATIONS CAN BE USED.
71
-------
. User specifies the study of only
. one PVD.
OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE : 1
NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES .: 1
OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE : 1
DISPLACEMENTS IN THE METER COORDINATE SYSTEM WILL BE ROTATED THROUGH .000 DEGREES TO ALIGN THEM WITH THE GRID SYSTEM
72
-------
PARTICLE GROUP DATA
SETT. SPD.CM/SEC
MAX MIN
PROP
CONSTANT
SLOPE
LOG/LOG
3.16000
1.00000
.31600
.10000
.03160
1.00000
.31600
.10000
.03160
.01000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
This is the end of the record of the
input. »•-*
BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3
This is the record of each step in the
PVD.
STEP T CELL SEGMENT EFFECT MASS
PVD DBS SUB R NUMBER END LOC. COAST DEPTHS PARTICLE DEPOSITED
NUM NUM DIV N X Y X Y DIST WFLD WATER SPEED CELL TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
6
* 7
* 8
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
-.56
-.32
-.16
.01
.20
.38
.57
.76
.96
1.17
.05
.05
.04
.03
.01
-.01
-.02
-.03
-.04
-.05
1.05
.77
.47
.47
.28
.28
.27
.27
.21
.21
•200.0
256.2
312.3
312.3
341.4
341.4
339.9
339.9
348.2
348.2
401.4
402,7
402.4
401.7
391.5
371.8
361.7
361.3
360.9
360.4
.7457
.3754
.2998
.2490
.2027
.1590
.1331
.1195
.1083
.1000
.000
.000
2.499
9.947
13.442
19.805
17.945
12.502
12.591
11.270
.00
.00
2.50
12.45
25.89
45.69
63.64
76.14
88.73
100.00
PVD TERMINATED - ALL MASS DEPOSITED
DESIRED NUMBER OF PVDs REACHED
73
-------
SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS
INPUT FILE:SED1.in
6/23/89 1636
OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT
PARTICLE GROUP 3
MAX SETTLING SPEED .316
1 MIN SETTLING SPEED .100
PROP CONSTANT 1.000
SLOPE LOG/LOG 1.000
WEIGHTING FACTOR 1.000
NUMBER OF PVDs
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS PER PVD
SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS
INPUT FILE:SED1.in
PARTICLE GROUP 3
6/23/89 1636
OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.OUT
SEDIMENTATION (PERCENT PER GRID CELL):
( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT
J=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
2.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
3.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
4.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
5.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
6.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
7.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
. .0000
.0000
8.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
37.7498
12.5017
12.5906
11.2699
.0000
.0000
.0000
9.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
12.4458
13.4422
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
10.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
11.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
12.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000-
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
13.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
NORMAL PROGRAM HALT : SEDDEP1
74
-------
7. ERRORS: Corrective Actions
Errors fall into three sets which are listed below:
1. Many errors which can be corrected at run time and will allow
processing to continue.
Errors input from the keyboard:
e.g. MAIN INPUT FILE CANNOT BE,FOUND: (bad name listed)
Errors input through the input file:
e.g. ERROR: BAD GRID UNITS: MNILES
ACCEPTABLE VALUES ARE : KM,MILES,NM,METERS,FEET
TRY AGAIN :
These errors check the users correction and repeat if
necessary. The program will not proceed until the user
has made a correct reply.
A record of these errors is made on the output file so
that the user may correct them before the next run.
75
-------
2. Errors which terminate input processing immediately:
An unexpected end of file on any input file caused by
erroneous sizing of data sets or not enough data.
Certain FORTRAN-trapped input errors such as:
1235 Two "." characters in a real read
1236 Invalid real number
1027 File name error
1028 Disk full error
1035 Protected file
1203 Digit expected in input
3. Execution errors. The errors above are found during the
processing of the input files. The program contains only one
error message that cannot be detected until the solution is
underway.
76
-------
ERROR ***
DEPTHS ARE APPARENTLY NOT MONOTONICALLY INCREASING IN THE
OFFSHORE DIRECTION. THE EFFECTIVE COAST IS OFFSHORE FROM
THE CURRENT PVD. RESULTS ARE UNPREDICTABLE.
PROCESSING WILL PROCEED, BUT USER SHOULD INVESTIGATE.
STEP CELL SEGMENT EFFECTIVE
PVD OBS SUB NUMBER END LOG. COASTAL
NUM NUM DIV X Y X Y DISTANCE
The program has calculated that the effective coast is in the
offshore direction. The most likely cause of this situation is
that the depths are decreasing (albeit locally) in the offshore
direction, although the user may have the coast in the wrong
direction or there may be a ridge in the bathymetry.
The error message tells the user which PVD, which segment or
observation, which subdivision of the Segment, which cell, the
location of the end of the head end of the segment, and the
effective coastal distance. The correct sign for the coastal
distance is negative - pointing in the negative Y-direction.
77
-------
8. RESTRICTIONS
Grid is limited to 40 cells in each direction.
Number of current meters limited to 10.
Number of current meter observations limited to 3000 speed:direc-
tion pairs for each meter.
Number of groups of particles is limited to 10 (11 points on the
speeds and mass distribution list.
Depths must increase monotonically (or be flat) in the offshore
direction.
78
-------
9. EXAMPLE 2.
The input and output files of EXAMPLE 2 are included on DISK 3.
The bathymetry of the example is offshore from San Francisco,
California, centered on the actual outfall there. As with EXAM-
PLE 1, the contour technique was used to enter the depths. Since
the data are real, the contours are considerably more complicated
than those of the plane of EXAMPLE 1.
The data from the three current meters is limited, but real.
Meters 2 and 3 were actually moored at different depths at the
same position as meter 1, but they were moved to make this prob-
lem more interesting and illustration of the capabilities of
SEDDEP. Since there are multiple current meters, each current
meter file contains a map which uses zeros and ones to assign
cells to its applicability. In this example, there are zones of
overlapping current meter regions to demonstrate the ability of
SEDDEP to average multiple meters.
79
------- |