User's Guide for
                SEDDEP:
A Program for Computing Seabed Deposition
Rates of Outfall Particulates in Coastal Marine
               Environments

              C.A. Bodeen et al.
             September 19, 1989

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                        User's Guide for

                             SEDDEP:

                 A Program for Computing Seabed
           Deposition Rates  of Outfall  Particulates in
                   Coastal Marine Environments
                               BY
         C.  A.  Bodeen1, T. J. H&ndricks2, W. E'. Frick3,
         D. J. Baumgartner4, J. E. Yerxa5, and A. Steele6
                        September  19,  1989
1.  AScI Corporation,  Hatfield  Marine  Science  Center,
Newport, Oregon.
2.   Southern  California Coastal Water  Research  Project,  Long
Beach, California.
3.   U.  S.  Environmental Protection  Agency,   Hatfield  Marine
Science Center, Newport, Oregon.
4.  Oregon  State University,  Hatfield  Marine  Science  Center,
Newport, Oregon.
5.   Computer Science Corporation,  Hatfield Marine Science  Cen-
ter, Newport, Oregon.
6.    County  Sanitation  Districts of Los  Angeles  County,  Los
Angeles, California.

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                             FOREWORD

Effective siting of municipal ocean outfalls and proper treatment
of  effluent prior to discharge depends to a large degree on  the
fate  of effluent particulates in the marine environment.   Field
experience has shown that unacceptable environmental impacts have
been  associated with the accumulation of sewage  and  industrial
waste particulates on the seabed, perhaps more consistently  than
any other effect.  Consequently, regulatory agencies have  sought
methods  that  permit writers could use to  describe  the  seabed
sedimentation  of effluent particulates as a way to  control  the
degree of environmental impact from discharge of suspended solids
in  effluents.   Mathematical models simulating the  behavior  of
suspended  particulate material in the coastal  environment  have
been the tool of choice because of their generality.

The  ease  of application of models is inversely related  to  the
complexity  of  the environmental processes incorporated  in  the
model  and  the degree of detail^provided .in the results  of  the
simulation.  The model described in this User's Guide is  consid-
erably  more  complex than other models  presently  available  to
regulatory  agencies and characteristically requires  more  input
information and greater user attention than simpler models.   The
user  may reasonably expect to gain proficiency with its  use  so
that  after  an introductory training period of 10 to  20  hours,
subsequent analyses could be conducted in about an hour.

Even  though the model attempts to account for complexity in  the
ambient  current regime and non uniform bathymetry near an  ocean
outfall, many physical and biological processes are not  simulat-
ed, thus uncertainty in the results as compared to field measure-
ments  can  be expected.  Also, in spite of  efforts  to  provide
clear,  but detailed instructions and useful examples, users  may
find  problems with use of the model that we have not  addressed.
Modifications to the model and the computer program will continue
to be made as suggestions from users are received. Copies of  the
computer  program incorporating improvements will bear a  sequen-
tial  numeric indicator in the title, e.g. SEDDEP1,  SEDDEP2,  et
seq. and a date to aid in technical assistance to users.

If  a copy of the executable program is desired, please  mail  or
telefax  your request to EPA, Marine Science Center, Newport,  OR
97365.  (FAX: 503-867-4490).

                                        D. J. Baumgartner
                                        Project Director
                                11

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                         ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This  User's  Guide was supported financially by the  offices  of
Marine and Estuarine Protection and Research and Development,  U.
S.  Environmental Protection Agency, as part of their efforts  to
improve  the technical basis for ocean outfall  regulatory  deci-
sions.  The original model development work was done under an EPA
grant to the Southern California Coastal Water Research  Project,
Long  Beach,  CA, whose continuing cooperative efforts  are  also
acknowledged.  This report is EPA contribution 109-ERL-N.
                               iii

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                            ABSTRACT

                        User's Guide for

                             SEDDEP:

                 A Program for Computing Seabed
           Deposition Rates of Outfall  Particulates  in
                   Coastal Marine Environments


C.  A. Bodeen, T. J. Hendricks,  W. E.  Frick,  D.   J.   Baumgartner,
J. E. Yerxa, and A. Steele


This  paper  describes a computer  program  which combines  current
meter data and particle settling  concepts to provide an  approxi-
mation to the distribution of seabed wastefield  sediment deposi-
tion in a marine environment.  S&ie program runs on IBM-PC compat-
ibles  as well as  on DEC VAX  machines.   SEDDEP is written in
FORTRAN and can be  adapted to operate  on many  other computers as
well.

Details of the technique, including the methods by  which current
meter data  and settling  speed information are used  to  represent
pseudo-streamlines and deposition rates.

Methods of  data  preparation  including  options  in units  of  meas-
urement are explained.

Run time  instructions  and detailed examples of input and output
are given  for a  simple problem with a single  current meter and
planar bathymetry  and for a  second  problem involving an actual
situation offshore from San  Francisco,  California with real
depths and real multiple current meters.
                                iv

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CONTENTS;

    FOREWORD                                       ii
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                               ill
    ABSTRACT                                       iv
    CONTENTS                                        V

1.  INTRODUCTION                                   1
2.  BASIC CONCEPTS                                 2
   2.1.  The Release and
            Progressive Vector Diagrams            2
      2.1.1.  Coastal Boundary Effects             7
      2.1.2.  Limitations on the Bathymetry        9
   2.2.  Grid Layout                              10
   2.3.  Current Meters   *-•*'                      15
      2.3.1.  Distorted Grid and
                     Multiple Current Meters      16
   2.4.  Sedimentation Tables                     18
   2.5.  Multiple Current Meters                  20
 3. HOW TO PREPARE DATA                           24
   3.1. General Rules for Input                   24
      3.1.1.  Comment Lines     .                  24
      3.1.2.  Alphabetic Input Lines              25
      3.1.3.  Numeric Input Lines                 25
   3.2.  Modeling Details                         29
      3.2.1.  The Grid                            30
      3.2.2.  Bathymetry                          3 2
      3.2.3.  Current Meters                      33
   3.3.  The Structure of the Main Data File      37
4.  EXAMPLE 1: INPUT                              39
   4.1..  Example 1: Run Title and Units           39
   4.2.  Example 1: Grid                          43
   4.3.  Example 1: Depth                         46
   4.4.  Example 1: Current Meters                49
   4.5.  Example 1: Particle Groups               52
5.  RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS                   .      58
   5.1 Installation                               58
   5.2 Running the Program                        60
6.  EXAMPLE 1: OUTPUT                             69
7.  ERRORS: Corrective Actions      •              75
8.  RESTRICTIONS                                  78
9.  EXAMPLE 2                                     79

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1.   INTRODUCTION

This program provides  an  objective  approximation to the initial
deposition rate of wastewater particulates  on  the seabed in the
vicinity of a sewage or industrial outfall in a  coastal environ-
ment  (Baumgartner et  al,  in prep).   It combines  bathymetric,
current meter ,  and settling rate data   to estimate  where, and at
what rate, settling particles reach the bottom.  The user should
understand that although initial deposition from  the water column
appears to yield a reasonable approximation of particulate accu-
mulation  at  some outfalls,  other processes including resuspen-
sion, transport, and  redeposition, which are not included in
SEDDEP appear to play important  roles at other  sites.

The user  supplies  a  definition  of the  problem in the form of a
rectangular grid, depths  at grid intersections,  tabular current
data, information about the falling speeds of the particles, and
other related information.

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2.  BASIC CONCEPTS
   2.1.  The Release and Progressive Vector Diagrams

The program  uses  the current meter data  to  define a  series of
displacement vectors.    Sequential  displacements  are  placed
end-to-end to form  a  progressive vector diagram,  PVD.   The PVDs
approximate  the  movements of  packets of  discharged  particles.
With  one current meter  the  resSilts  are  equivalent  to assuming
that the currents are the  same  at  all points in the grid.  With
multiple meters currents in different regions of the grid can be
described.  The  PVD technique  can  assume  that  the simultaneous
currents at every  point in each  region are  the same,  or the
currents may created as an average  reading (based  on inverse
square distance)  from up to 10 meters.

Unit masses"of particles discharged at the outfall are known as
releases.   A release  corresponds  to  each datum  in the  current
meter  record, but the user need not  select  every release for  a
particular  study.   A  range of releases can be specified  and the
user may instruct SEDDEP to skip through the  current meter obser-
vations  rather than to use every release.

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Each release of  particles  rises  with the plume, hence, the  ini-
tial depth  of  the particles is  specified  and  is referred to  as
the initial wastefield  depth.    This  depth is  determined by  the
fluid mechanics  of plume  formation.   Mathematical models,  e.g.
Muellenhoff, et  al (1985)  or field  observations can be used  to
determine the  depth.   The  depth of the pycnocline may be a  good
approximation  for  two layer systems,  but if  the density  gradient
is large, then a more suitable elevation may be 5/6 of the eleva-
tion of the pycnocline above the diffuser.
The model  does  not treat the details of the plume  rise,  but as-
sumes that each PVD starts directly over the diffuser.  Zero time
for each  PVD corresponds to a current meter time  increment when
the plume starts away from the outfall.
                                 i

Starting  at  time  zero,  the particles begin to  fall  and the cur-
rent  moves the mass  step by step to the end  of  the  PVD.   The
release generally  contains  a range of particle  sizes and masses
that  settle  at different rates.   Consequently, each release is
actually  divided  into  as  many releases as  there  are specified
particle  sizes  ranges.   At the end  of  each time  step,  all the
particles that have had  time to reach the bottom are deposited in
the cells which are under the present displacement  vector.   The
mass  remaining  in the release is reduced accordingly.

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When all of  the  unit mass has been deposited,  or  when the path

exits the grid,  the  PVD is ended and another  is  started at the

outfall beginning with  the  next  user  selected displacement vec-

tor.  This process is  repeated using  successively later subsets

of the  current data.   Each current displacement  vector has its
                 X
turn at being first in the  generation of  a pseudo-pathline.

However,  as was stated above,  the  user has  some latitude in

choosing which displacements will be used.



Near the end of  the  data set, partially calculated PVDs will be

started  for which the  supply of  displacement vectors  (current

observations) is exhausted, but  for which  not all of  the  parti-

cles have been deposited.  Data from these  PVDs are ignored since

there  is  not enough  information  to determine in which  cells all

the unit mass released  accumulates.  This phenomenon will  affect

slowly falling  particles which consume a large  number of PVD

segments more than it will  the heavy particles  which fall  quick-

ly.  While  it is reasonable to leave out PVDs for which there are

not enough  segments, it  is not acceptable to eliminate  PVD number

342  for a  couple of  light weight particle  groups  and to leave  it

in for the  heavier  groups.   The result would  be a bias  in the

direction  of heavy particles.  If any PVD runs out of segments,

that  PVD and any with  a higher  number  is  not run for the next,

higher settling  speed  particle groups.  This  system  only works

if the lightest particle with  the  longest settling  times are

first  in the user's  list of groups.

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If the displacements are short  compared  to  the grid cell  size,
deposits can  be made in  the same  cell  for more than one
contiguous vector.    If vectors are long compared  to the  cell
size, SEDDEP subdivides them so that they will  deposit into  each
cell over which they pass.   Since depositions are actually calcu-
lated at  the midpoint  of  each displacement,  sometimes it is
possible for one vector to drop particles twice  in the same cell.

A PVD vector segment which has the tail end in the grid  and the
head end  outside  the grid will'-deposit in  the  cell  beneath the
midpoint  of the segment if the midpoint is in  the  grid.  For
subsequent  segments of this PVD, the particle  mass  which is
carried out of the grid is lost  to the calculations,  and the
total mass  deposited is reported only  as  the  percentage  (less
than 100%) of unit  mass which was already deposited  by the  PVD.
Since calculation of the movement  of the particles is terminated
when the PVD leaves the grid,  no attempt is made to  reestablish
the inventory of unit particle mass  nor to  determine if  the PVD
reenters the grid.

SEDDEP  is not a detailed hydrodynamic flow model  and it  will
ignore  certain  conditions  which are obvious  to  learned  users.
For instance, suppose there  is  a bar downstream from the outfall.
At the bar the true currents may be  fast and tidally  driven. In
the absence of enough current meter data to feed this  information
into the  program,  SEDDEP  would use  slower currents  measured at

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points of greater  depth  and would make unrealistic, substantial



deposits on  the  bar.   One  solution to the problem  might be to



obtain  (or  fabricate)  more current  data  for the bar.   Another



solution might be to  remove (artificially)  the bar  from the



bathymetric  data  so  that some of  the particle deposition which



would fall on the bar would go further downstream.
                                ».
                               ?!- '••¥

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   2.1.1.  Coastal Boundary  Effects

In general,  PVDs   computed by  simple  vector addition  of
displacement segments calculated  from current meter records will
move across the grid unaffected by the bathymetry  in  ways which
could not occur in the  real  world.

SEDDEP endeavors to alleviate this problem by using a two layer
approximation to the current.  The particles may be thought of as
falling  from  the  main flow defined  by the  current meters down
into a second  stream which  runs parallel to  the effective coast.
(see Figure 1) which is chosen to correspond to the isobath with
the same depth as the mid-depth of settling particles  at the
segment which is about to be added to the PVD.  The speed of the
lower stream is determined by  the  component of the current  meter
velocity  in  the  direction parallel  to the local  isobaths.   The
transition from one mode to  the other  is  performed  gradually
rather than abruptly.  This prevents unrealistic accumulation of
particlulates in shallow water.

Each group of particles of different settling speeds will  follow
a different PVD trajectory because they will  fall to the level of
the coastal stream at different times and depths.

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PVD
PLAN  VIEW
Initial wastefield depth
  Cur

                         X

coastal distance ^:
                                   	 particle path



                               ELEVATION
                 Effective Coast



                    FIGURE 1
                       8

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     2.1.2.   Limitations  on the Bathymetry
The effective  coastal  boundary  is defined  by the  position  and
orientation  of the isobaths  at  the same depth as the  average
particles at the beginning and ending points of the PVD segment.
The simulation does not look ahead for changes in the bathymetry.
As a result,   the effects of the coastal boundary on the flow may
be estimated  poorly  when there are  abrupt  changes in the  iso-
baths, e.g.  submarine canyons.  Anomalous sedimentation predicted
by SEDDEP in the vicinity of pronounced bathymetric features
should be examined carefully by-the user.

The coastal boundary  algorithm may  also fail if the  depth  does
not monotonically  increase (or remain  constant)  with increasing
offshore position.  These problems can be mitigated, to a degree,
by an  appropriate modification  of the cell alignments, or by
artificially modifying the bathymetry to ensure increasing depth
with distance from the shoreline.

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   2.2.   Grid Layout



Several  factors are involved in the design of a grid:



The  program  requires  that  the  positive  Y-direction  be
          j
nominally offshore at approximately right  angles  to the coast.

This means  that the X-axis is always roughly parallel to the

shore.    The  four  different options  shown  in Figure 2 allow the

user to maintain traditional ana^geopolitical orientation of  the

space of the  problem being solved.  The choice of  grid  orienta-

tion affects  the  expected order  of  the  data by the program and

the way in which the  results are printed out.
UP

•t-x
1
1
1 +v
RIGHT
1.
RIGHT
+y
I
I
I
+x
DOWN
2.





+y
LEFT
3.
UP

+x
I
I
I


LEFT
+y
I
I
I
+x
DOWN
4.
          Four Possible Orientations of X- and Y-Axes
                            FIGURE 2
                                10

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The overall area should  be  large  enough  to  cover the region to

account for most of the deposition unless  the study.is purposely

of a smaller,  detailed zone.  See Figure 3.
                         DEPOSITION AREA
                   7
           GRID FOR
        GENERAL STUDY
   GRID FOR
DETAILED STUDY
                            Size of Grid

                            FIGURE  3



The size of the  unit  grid  cells should be a balance between the

detail required in the study and the relationship of the grid to

the current meter  displacements.   The length of  a typical PVD

segment is  an average speed times the time interval.   If grid

cells are  much larger than these  segments, many  segments will

deposit in a  single  cell  -- destroying  detail.   On  the other

hand,  if a segment is longer than a grid cell,  the  program  subdi-
                                11

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vides the PVD steps into smaller segments.  This does a good  job



of preserving the nature of  the deposition,  but sacrifices some



detail of the current meter record.   See  Figure  4.
                         PVD SEQEMENTS
      GRID CELLS TOO LARGE
GRID CELLS TOO SMALL
                       Size of Grid Cells




                         FIGURE 4
                                12

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    The program works  best when the primary direction  of  the

current is along  the X-axis.  Thus, aligning the X-direction

North or South, or even parallel to the  local  coast  line might

not produce the best results.  See Figure  5.
                               5U"-!
                                           PRIMARY
                                           CURRENT
               Effect of Direction of Primary Current

                        on Grid  Orientation

                         FIGURE  5
                               13

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In cases where there is important bathymetric curvature, the user

can lay out a grid which follows  the  bending.  The program always

works with a rectangular grid.   To estimate the error  in the

deposition in each grid cell due to bending, take the difference

between the area  of  the cell  measured  in the warped grid and in

the rectangular grid.  Divide the difference by the cell area in

the rectangular grid.  See Figure 6.
                           COAST
         DISTORTED GRID
         AND COASTLINE
  ERROR IN A
DISTORTED CELL
                          Distorted  Grid

                          FIGURE  6
                                14

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      2.3.  Current Meters







Current meters are assumed to have a prime direction which can be



related to  the grid  coordinate system by  a clockwise angle meas-



ured from the grid x-coordinate to  the  prime axis of each meter.



Within  the  meter  coordinate system the currents  are defined  by



the  current  speed  and direction,  which  is the  clockwise  angle



from the  current meter axis  to the current  vector.    See Figure



7.
                   METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/




                        X
                                  'CURRENT DIRECTION
                                     PRIME DIRECTION
                                          Y
                                               UP-RIGHT
                    Current Meter Measurements



                           FIGURE 7
                                  15

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      2.3.1.   Distorted Grids with Multiple Current Meters

Multiple  current meters  are described  in Section 2.5..   but  a
certain  subtlety is  involved  in their  use in  warped grids.
Consider the three meters and their principal currents  shown  in
Figure 8.  Meter number  1 is  near the center where the  grid  is
properly oriented.   Its  principle  current direction is  North,
which maps  correctly into  the  rectangular  grid of SEDDEP.  It
requires no special  treatment.
                                    METER 2
                  METER 1
                                   METER 3
           Multiple Current Meters in a Distorted Grid
                             FIGURE  8
                                 16

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At meter number  2  the main direction of the current  is  North 30
degrees East.  The primary axis of the  meter should be mapped as
North in the computer grid, so we apply a rotation of -30 degrees
in the definition of the meter.
                                                           s
Meter number 3 has a  current  at 330  degrees, or North 30 degrees
West and requires a rotation  of +30  degrees for alignment in the
rectangular grid.
                                 17

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   2.4.   Sedimentation Tables


The  principal  product of  the  program  is a  table  showing  total
amount of particle  mass deposited  in each cell by all releases.  A
table is produced for each  of the  particle groups and for the  sum
of all the  groups.   These tables  (or  maps) are created on a disk
file from  which they  may be extracted  for use by  other  programs
or   word processors.   Figure 9  is an illustration of a  sediment
table for  a small grid.
The  example is unusual  in  tha& it  is  the result of  a  single
release  and that  all the  mass settled within the grid.
                     ( LONGSHORE : DOWN       OFFSHORE : RIGHT     )
            I\J =
                  1.     2.    3.    4.     5.    6.    7.    8.
            1.    .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
            2.    .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
            3.    .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000 12.4458  .0000  .0000  .0000
            4.    .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000 13.4422  .0000  .0000  .0000
            5.    .0000  .0000  .0000 37.7498   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
            6.    .0000  .0000  .0000 12.5017   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
            7.    .0000  .0000  .0000 12.5906   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
            8.    .0000  .0000  .0000 11.2699   .0000  .0000  .0000  .0000
       Sedimentation Table for  One PVD  of One  Particle Group
                         (Percent  of Total Mass)
                                 FIGURE  9
                                      18

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Figure 9 shows the distribution of  deposited mass  for one size of
particles.  Section 4.5 illustrates the  technique  used to control
the fractional or absolute nature of the deposition  data.
The notation "LONGSHORE  :  DOWN     OFFSHORE :  RIGHT" is signifi-
cant because the user can choose the grid coordinated system used
for input and output to have  any of  four orientations.   See
Section 2.3.  Grid Layout.  The  positive longshore and offshore
directions will be indicated on all figures which  are grid relat-
ed.
                                19

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   2.5.   Multiple Current Meters

In the  event  that more than one  current  meter is  used  (SEDDEP
will  allow up to 15)  the  user must define the  cells  of  the
grid  in  which the data from each meter  is used to compute  the
current.  If  two  or  more meters  are  active in a particular grid
cell, the program uses  the inverse square  distance (cell  to
meter) to form a  weighted  average of the  displacements provided
by each meter.
                               ^t.
The example in Figure 10  shows a possible arrangement  of  the
influence of  two  current meters over a small  6X4  grid.   The
numbers  followed  by  decimal points are the numbers of the cells
in the X- and Y-directions.    In the grid diagram for each cur-
rent  meter, the cells in which that meter  is to be  effective are
marked with a "l"(one).  A  "0"(zero)  is used to mark those cells
which ignore  the particular meter.
                                20

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w-

X
cell
num


N
A
|
I-E
S
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.




0
0
0
1
1
1

1.
Y

0
0
0
1
1
1

2.
eel

0
0
0
1
1
1

3.
LI

0
0
0
1
1
1

4.
num

6.1
5.|
4-1
3.|
2.|
1.1
1



1
1
1
0
0
0

1.


1
1
1
0
0
0

2.


1
1
1
0
0
0

3.


1
1
1
0
0
0

4.
offshore 	 >
UP-RIGHT
               Current Meter  #1      Current Meter #2
          Abrupt Assignment of *£urrent Meter Influence
                           FIGURE 10
Meter #1 is active over the south half of the grid.   Meter #2 is
active over the north half of the grid.   If  a  PVD starts in the
south half,  it  obtains displacement segments from  the  data for
meter #1.   As the PVD crosses  over into the north  half of the
grid  it  abruptly obtains  displacement  segments  from meter #2.
For example,  if the 632nd  observation  from  meter  #1 was being
used at  the time of the cross  over,  the  633rd  observation from
meter #2 will be used for the next segment.

Such sudden  changes  in current  meter application assignment may
be realistic if the bathymetry involves submarine canyons or
ridges,  or if there are actually distinct  regions of  current
flow.
                                21

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If the transition  from meter  #1 to meter #2 should,  in  fact,  be
smooth, the  scheme shown in Figure 11 might  be used.   Here  the
first meter has absolute control over the cells  in  rows  1 and 2.
The second meter controls rows 5 and 6.   In rows 3 and 4  PVDs are
formed of segments which are averaged,  weighted by inverse square
distance from the PVD to each of the two meters.
X
cell
num


N
A .
1
W-j-E
S
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.




0
0
1
1
1
1

1.
Y

0
0
1
1
1
1

2.
ce

0
0
1
1
1
1

3
LI

¥• '
.0
1
1
1
1

. 4.
num

6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.




1
.1
1
1
0
0

1.


1
1
1
1
0
0

2.


1
1
1
1
0
0

3.


1
1
1
1
0
0

4.


                   Current Meter f1
               UP-RIGHT
Current Meter #2
            Overlapping Assignment of Current Meter Influence
                            FIGURE 11
With the  exception of  the  approximate  isobathic coastal influence
layer,  the program does not  treat  currents which  are variable
with  depth.   The  displacements  supplied  by the  current meters
apply  to  the movement of the wastefield particles at all depths.
Suppose data exist from three current meters in a vertical  array
over  the  same grid location and that these data  apply over the
same  array of grid cells.   If this  information  is entered  into
                                 22

-------
the program  as  three  meters,  SEDDEP  will  just do  simple  arith-

metic  averaging,  since  all  three will  always  be  the same  (hori-

zontal)  distance  from any PVD segment.    If  the user has  several

such  strings of meters  ,   it would be  prudent  to  do  arithmetic

averaging  of  data  from related meters and  enter  the  averages

instead of the raw data.
        *	RUM TITLE
        ** RUN TITLE
        EXAMPLE 1-1  1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
        *
        *	;.*V-	UNITS SECTION
        *
        ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations,
        **     coastal influence distance)
        **          KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
          KM
        ** TIME  (current meter interval = PVD time step)
        **          HR, MIN, or SEC
          HR
        ** CURRENTS   KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS
          CM /SEC
        ** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
        **           METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
          METERS
        ** SETTLING SPEED  CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
        CM/SEC
        ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
        **    MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
          UNIT
        ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
        **   MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
          PERCENT
        *
                    Part  of a  Typical  Main Input File
                                   FIGURE 12
                                         23

-------
3.   HOW TO PREPARE DATA

The data for SEDDEP consists of one main. input  file  to  describe
the detailed nature of  a  particular  problem,  one to  define  the
bathymetry,  and one  file to describe the currents from each
meter.

  3.1.  General Rules  for  Input

Figure 12 shows part of a  main input file.  The user can refer to
this  example while the generalities of data  preparation  are
discussed.   Each section  of the  complete example file  is  dis-
cussed in detail in Section 4..

      3.1.1.  Comment lines

Comment  lines  are lines of 126 or less  characters that  have an
asterisk  in  column one and record the user's  remarks or provide
guidance in data  ordering.  Comment lines  may be used freely
throughout the  main input file, but they are  not allowed in the
midst of tables such as those of depth, current  observations, and
current meter  application.  Comment lines  DO NOT  affect  the
program.  They  are used only to help the user  to divide groups of
data  and to  indicate  data that are to be on the following lines.
The program  will run properly with no  comment  lines, but  the data
still must be in the order specified by this document.
                                24

-------
      3.1.2.  Alphabetic Input Lines

Lines  which define different options  and  units of  measure,
directional orientation for the grid coordinates,  depth  specifi-
cation method, and the names of other files to be  read may be  in
upper, lower,  or mixed case.  All  of these key  words  may  have
leading  blanks, but embedded blanks are  not allowed.

The run  title line may hold  any characters  (including  embedded
blanks),  but column one must  no% contain an asterisk, least the
title be mistaken for a comment line.

Alphabetic  Input Lines  (including  the  run title)  are limited  to
126 characters.

      3.1.3.  Numeric Input Lines
Numeric data lines  can  contain only digits, decimal  points, and
plus and minus signs.  The numeric  data  items on any  line of any
of the files are in free  field format.   For most  lines  of data,
the items required may be placed anywhere on the line as long  as
they remain in  the  correct  order and any one numeric field  does
not extend  to  another line.   They  may be close together or far
apart as long as there is at least one  blank between the  fields.
                                25

-------
* speed, direction   spd   dir ...
  10.080  15.945  9.000   .000 12.166350.538  14.866340.346  14.142351.870  15.297348.690
  14.000   .000 13.000   .000
  3.606326.310  2.236333.435  4.000 90.000    .000    .000
  11.662  59.036 10.630 48.814  5.831 30.964  10.296330.945   6.403321.340  8.544339.444
  10.000   .000 12.166 350.538 11.000   .000   8.544  20.556   6.403  38.660  3.606  56.310
  4.123 194.036  3.162 198.435  3.162 161.565   3.606 146.310   5.385 111.801  2.236  63.435
  5.000  53.130  3.162 18.435  7.000   .000
  7.211 326.310  5.385 21.801  5.000 36.870   4.000  90.000   5.099 101.310  6.325 198.435
  7.071 188.130  7.071 188.130  2.236 153.435   6.083 170.538   6.000 180.000  2.828 225.000

                         Example of Continuous Data
                         Current Meter  Data  Table
                                   FIGURE  13
Continuous data sets,  such  as the current meter  data  tables  shown
                                       f.'v
in  Figure  13  and  explained  in Section  3.2.3.   may  be  extremely

free  form.   There may be any number of numeric fields on a  line

and  they may  extend to  as  many  lines  as necessary.    These  sets

are  read as  if  they were  one  long  line.    They must  not  contain

comments,  but comments may be used on separate lines   at  the

beginning and  at the end of the set.
          *X\Y  Y D  Y  o                       *X\Y
           1.   1 0 17 80                          4. 3. 2. 1.
           2.101780                       6.  0000
           3.101780                       5.  0000
           4.   1 0 17 80                       4.  1  1  1  1
           5.   1 0 17 80                       3.  1  1  1  1
           6.   1 0 17 80                       2.  1  1  1  1
           7.   1 0 17 80                       1.  1  1  1  1
           8.   1 0 17 80
          *      DOWN-RIGHT               .                     UP-LEFT

         Depth Contour Table                       Current Meter Application
                                                      Table
                      Examples of Grid Oriented Data
                                   FIGURE  14
                                         26

-------
On the other hand, tables which  are closely allied  with the grid
structure  (depth tables and tables  which specify  the application
of multiple  current meters,  shown in Figure 14)  must have all the
data for one  constant X-coordinate grid line on  one line of the
data file.   The  only exception  to  this rule  is that when it is
not possible to put all the necessary data  on  one line due to the
large number of grid cells,  the grid of input data may be split
into as many parts as necessary.  Figure 15 is an example of grid
oriented data which has been split  into two parts.
      ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE FILE	-	EXMP1FLD.DEP
      6RIDEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD  GRID,CONTOUR
*X\Y

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
2.
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
13.
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
3.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
14.
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
4.
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.
70.0
'70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
5.
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
16.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
75.
6.
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
17
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
0 80
7.
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
8.
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0









9.
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0









10.
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0









11.
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0









        END OF GRID DATA
                  Examples of Grid Oriented Data
                Which has been Split into Sections
                             FIGURE  15
                                  27

-------
The examples in  Figures  13, 14, and 15 have been   kept  orderly

for the  sake of  clarity.   However, the  columns used for  the

fields on  each line of  data are not rigidly   determined,  even

though the number  of data items is fixed by the number of cells

(allowing  for  split rows if  necessary)  along a grid  coordinate

line.  The data in Figure 13 has been distorted slightly  from a

systematic pattern, but  it  could be even more broken up.   It is

not even necessary to  have  the direction that goes  with  a speed

on the same line, as long as the pertinent direction is the first
                               S. "v
item on the next line.   It may be convenient for the user to have

one speed  and one direction  on  each line.   SEDDEP  would accept

the speed  on one line and the direction on the next, and then the

next speed, etc.




All  numbers  are read  in floating point form.   Those  which are

counters  (like the number  of cells) are  converted to integers

internally.   Integers  and floating  point numbers which are whole

numbers may be  entered with  or without decimal points.




Both  types of numeric data  lines may be  of  virtually unlimited

length.   The limitations of the user's editing program  will be

the deciding  factor.
                                 28

-------
  3.2.  Modeling Details

      3.2.1.   The Grid

PVD tracks and the locations of the diffuser and the  current
meters are measured in a familiar coordinate system where the X-
axis  is  longshore  (positive  either  up or down on  the  input and
output) and the Y-axis is cross shore (positive offshore always,
but also positive to the left or  the right  of  the input and
output.)   The prime  corner of tk'e grid is where X  and Y are both
zero, and the problem always  takes  place  in the first quadrant:
both X and Y positive.

The program imposes the restriction  that the positive Y-direction
must  point AWAY FROM THE SHORE as an aide in determining the
direction of  the shore in  the process of  modification  of dis-
placement vectors  so that the flow  follows  the  depth contours
near the bottom.  See Figures 16-18.
                                29

-------
      <-- +y offshore        Prime Corner
98765432  1  /
                       / 1

	
	







	


















	


2
3
4
5
\
corner 5,9 DOWN-LEFT
    Grid  Line Numbering
     Coordinate System
     (Used for Depths)
          FIGURE 16
      <-- +y offshore
       87654321



M
I 	

~

~
_

~



~~

~~
11. 3
~~l~~
~l~
"~l~"
1,2|1,1| 1
|2,1| 2
|3,1| 3
~l~|-*
                                                               DOWN-LEFT
             Cell Numbering
            Coordinate System
        (Used for Deposition Maps)
                 FIGURE 17
                     <-- +y offshore
                  Y= 1.00 mi 0.75   0.50   0.25

                     I     I      I     I
                     87654321
    0.0
                        I  I   I   I
                        I  I   I   I
                        I  I   I   I
I   I
I   I
I   I
                                              0.0
                                            1
2 _0.25 =X


3
   0.50 mi
                                        DOWN-LEFT
               Grid Measurement  Coordinate System
                              FIGURE 18
                                   30

-------
                 METER ORIENTATION ANGLE/
                      X
                                   PRIME DIRECTION
                                IURRENT DIRECTION
                                        Y
                                            UP-RIGHT
                     Meter Coordinate System
                        (Figure 7  Repeated)
                             FIGURE 19
The current  meters must be   located within the grid  system,  but
need not be  oriented parallel to  the grid.   The user must specify
the clockwise  angle from  the X-axis of the grid to  the primary
direction of each  meter.   See Figure 19.

This angle may be  the  same for all  meters,  typically equal to the
local magnetic anomaly. However,  more advanced modeling where the
grid is  imagined  to be slightly warped  around  the bathymetry
requires that a different  angle be  specified for each meter.  See
Section 2.3.1.
                                 31

-------
      3.2.2.  Bathymetry
Bathymetry may be described by designating the depth at each  and
every X-Y grid intersection (including grid boundaries.)  Alter-
natively, a table of  Y cell numbers for several  intersections of
isobaths with lines  of constant   X may be specified.   In  the
contour  method,  the Y cell numbers are measured in units of  the
cell  dimension  rather than the  physical units  (such as  kilome-
ters) of the grid.  The entry  3.7  would  represent  a point 70% of
the way  across cell number 3 in the Y-direction.
                               -£;
The two  methods  may be used in conjunction to good end.  If  the
user  inputs contour crossings, the program interpolates depths at
grid  intersections and writes  them to an output file   which
.later  may  be  edited to include  details  not-  captured by  the
interpolation method.   The file may then become  the  depth  data
input file.  Examples of each method for the  same  data are  given
in Figures  27 and 28  of  Section 4.3.
                                 32 ^

-------
      3.2.3.   Current Meters

Currents  are specified by giving the  speed and the  direction
relative to  the  prime axis  of the meter.    The clockwise angle
between the X-axis of the  grid and the prime  axis of the meter is
input when the meter location is given in the current meter data
file.   Observations  are evenly spaced  in  time and   all meters
must provide data at simultaneous  times.

Some users will  lack either   bile  need,  or the desire to obtain
data from  actual current  meters.   The  current meter  files for
SEDDEP can be prepared by hand  to approximate a real situation
or to  represent  a  theoretical  environment.   The currents in
EXAMPLE 1 are from a  real source even though the planar bathyme-
try  is obviously theoretical.  It would be just as"reasonable to
use  real bathymetry and fictitious currents.

Figure 20  shows  the  current  meter file that  supplies the PVDs
with observations for EXAMPLE 1.   This  file is  for a problem with
a single current meter.  Multiple  current meter files must have a
table of the influence of the meter over the grid.  The table is
placed between the number of observations  line and the velocity
table.   See the current  (	.CUR) files which are  a  part of
EXAMPLE 2.
                                33

-------
*   FILE: EXMP1.CUR
*                   METER LOCATION km          ANGLE
•NUMBER OF         (rel. to grid CORNER)    GRID X TO METER X
•OBSERVATIONS             X    Y              (cw deg)
     1024                .0    .0                  0.
*
* CURRENT METER INFLUENCE TABLE FOR MULTIPLE METERS WOULD
* BE PLACED HERE	
*
"CURRENT SPEEDS AND  DIRECTIONS
*    SPD    DIR     SPD     DIR    SPD     DIR    SPD    DIR     SPD    DIR     SPD    DIR
* cm/sec  deg cw
   7.280  15.945   9.000    .000  12.166350.538  14.866340.346  14.142351.870  15.297348.690
  14.000    .000  13.000    .000  12.166   9.462  11.000    .000   8.062 352.875   7.280 344.055
   3.606326.310   2.236333.435  4.000  90.000    .000    .000   3.162251.565  11.180  79.695
  11.662  59.036  10.630  48.814  5.831  30.964  10.296330.945   6.403321.340   8.544339.444
   5.099 348.690   4.123 345.964   4.472  26.565  3.162  18.435   7.000  90.000   5.099 101.310
   5.831  59.036   5.000 323.130   6.083   9.462  7.071   8.130   7.000    .000  12.000    .000
   7.000    .000  11.705340.017   9.434327.995  7.211326.310  10.000323.130   8.544290.556
   2.236 206.565   4.123 194.036   4.123 165.964  7.000 180.000
  END OF CURRENT DATA
                              File EXMP1.OJR
      Partial  List  of  Current  Speeds  and  Directions
                                  FIGURE  20
                                         34

-------
I IJ
[ 2]
[ 3]
[ 4]
[ 5]
[ 6]
[7]
[ 8]
[ 9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
DO]
D1]
02]
D3]
D4]
D5]
[36]
[37]
D8]
D9]
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 .... 	 --rll_c NHnc: ocui.in
** RUN TITLE
EXAMPLE 1-1 1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
*


*
** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations.
** coastal influence distance)
** KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
KM
** TIME (current meter interval = PVD time step)
** • HR, MIN, or SEC
HR
** CURRENTS KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC, FT/SEC, MILES/HR, KNOTS
CM/SEC
** DEPTH (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
** METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
METERS *••*'
** SETTLING SPEED CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
CM/SEC
** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
** MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
UNIT
** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
**. MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION, PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
PERCENT
*
* ___- MCf.-
uRID ScL
*
** DIFFUSER LOCATION
** NUMBER OF CELLS GRID SIZE (relative to grid center)
** X Y X Y X Y
16 16 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.0
**
** X may be + UP or + DOWN (the X axis is always longshore)
DOWN




'ION






















noN

COASTAL
INFLUENCE
DISTANCE
1.0



** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore)
RIGHT
it


Main Data File for EXAMPLE 1
       FIGURE 21
  (Continued on Next Page)
            35

-------
[40]       *	DEPTH SECTION
[41]       *
[42]       ** NAME OF DEPTH TABLE
[43]          EXMP1GRD.DEP
[44]       **
[45]  '     ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH    BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS
[46]              15                 5
[47]       *
[48]       *	-	CURRENT  METER  SECTION
[49]       *
[50]       ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS     TIME STEP
[51]                  1                     .75
[52]       ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES  (ONE FILE PER  LINE)
[53]          EXMP1.CUR
[54]       *
[55]       *	PARTICLE GROUP SECTION
[56]
t57J       ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEEDS-GROUPS
[58]       **                   (one more  than nuntoer of  groups)
[59]          5
[60]       **  CUM MASS, F  as a function of particle SPEED, V
[61]           **     (Requires one more pair of points than groups)
[62]       **    V      F         V       F       V      F
[63]           .01     1.0       .0316   .3165     .10    .10
[64]           .3165    .03165  1.00     .0100   3.165   .003165
[65]       ** MASS EMISSION RATE
[65]          1.0
[66]       *  -END OF DATA	

                           Main  Data  File   for  EXAMPLE 1
                                      FIGURE  21
                                     (Concluded)
                                             36

-------
    3.3.  The Structure of the Main Data File

Figure 21 shows the main data  file  for  a simple problem which is
referred to as EXAMPLE 1 in the Section  4..   The name  of the file
is SED1.IN .   The line numbers  in square brackets are not a part
of the  file,  but are  used to refer  to each line as it  is  ex-
plained.

All data for  this program can be prepared or modified  using  any
computer  editing program whichM3'an produce and modify ASCII text
files.  IMPORTANT:   Be sure to use the word processor in the text
or non-document mode.  The program will not accept files produced
in the word-processing (embedded control codes)  mode.

There is only one  main data  file  for each problem,  and it will
always  provide  definitions of  units,  grid  specifications,  some
current information,  and data to  define the particle  distribu-
tion. There will always be a  depth  file and  at  least  one (and up
to 10) files to define the current meter data from which the PVDs
are generated.
                                 37

-------
The main data file consists of six sections listed below:
     SECTION

  1. Title


  2. Units



  3. Grid


  4. Depth
  CONTENTS

- one line of title which prints on the output
  tables.

- specifies the units of the grid,  time, currents,
  depths, settling speed, emission rate, and
  deposition rate.

- defines the size and shape of the grid, diffuser
  location, and coastal influence distance.

- names the depth file, sets the wastefield depth
  and the benthic boundary layer thickness.
  5. Currents  - names up to 10 files, each of which of which
                 gives the location and orientation of a current
                 meter and the data it has gathered.

  6. Particles  - provides the information necessary to calculate
                  the settling speeds of up to 10 groups of
                  particles and specifies the mass emission rate
                  of particulates from the diffuser.
                                 38

-------
4.  EXAMPLE 1: INPUT

The paragraphs below  examine  in  detail the problem  defined  in
Figure 21, which  figure has also been divided into several  small-
er figures which  follow below  for convenience.   The line numbers
which appear  on these  figures  in square brackets  are  not  a  part
of the  file,  but  are  used in  this  document  for expository  pur-
poses.

   4.1.  Example  1: Run Title an% Units

Lines  [1]  and [2] in  Figure 22 are  comment lines.  . Line  [1]  is
included  to  display the name  of  the  file  on the screen  during
editing and on any listing of the file that  is printed.   Line [2]
reminds the user  of what is expected on line  [3],  namely, the run
title.
     [ 1]    *	FILE NAME: SED1.IN
     I 2]    ** RUN TITLE
     t 3]    EXAMPLE 1-1  1 PVD PER PARTICLE GROUP
     [ 4]    *
             Title Section of Main  Input File SED1.IN
                             FIGURE 22
                                  39

-------
Remember that neither lines  [1],[2],  nor [4]  is  necessary  to  the
operation  of  the  program  and that  there  could  be  several more
comment  lines if  desired.


The first line  of  real data for  SEDDEP  is  line  [3],  the  run
title  line.    That  line must NOT  have an asterisk  in column  one.
It should  describe briefly the nature of the problem, the  user's
name,  etc.   It  is  not  necessary  to include  the  date and time of
the run,  as  the  program  obtains  them  from  the  operating  system
and uses them on the  results  it*.produces.
      [ 5]     *	-	UNITS SECTION
      [ 6]     *
      [ 7]     ** GRID (cell size, diffuser location, current meter locations,
      t 8]     **     coastal influence distance)
      [9]     **         KM, MILES, NM, METERS, or FEET
      [10]        KM
      [11]     ** TIME   (current meter interval = PVD time step)
      [12]     **         HR, MIN, or SEC
      [13]        HR
      [14]     ** CURRENTS  KM/HR,CM/SEC,METER/SEC,FT/SEC,MILES/HR,KNOTS
      [15]        CM/SEC
      [16]     ** DEPTH  (depths, wfld depth, benthic boundary layer)
      [17]     **       .   METERS, FEET, or FATHOMS
      [18] .       METERS
      [19]     ** SETTLING SPEED   CM/SEC, or FT/SEC
      [20]        CM/SEC
      [21]     ** PARTICLE MASS EMISSION RATE
      [22]     **   MTON/YR (metric tons per year), KG/SEC, or UNIT
      [23]        UNIT
      [24]     ** SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE
      [25]     **   MG/CM2/YR, G/M2/DAY, FRACTION,  PERCENT, or NORMALIZED
      [26]        PERCENT
      [27]     *
                Units Section  of Main Input  File  SED1.IN
                                  FIGURE  23
                                        40

-------
Comment lines  [5]-[9]  in Figure 23  are  optional,  used to  help
provide the user with a template for  the  necessary data.   The
next real  datum is  on line [10] where  the user  has selected
kilometers (KM)  to  be the units  of cell dimensions,  the locations
of the diffuser and the current meters,  and  the  width  of  the
coastal influence zone in which  PVDs  are turned away from shallow
water.   All these physical measurements  must be  in the  same
units.    The program  accepts kilometers,  miles, nautical  miles,
meters, or feet as  KM,  MILES, NM. METERS, or FEET.
                              5?«'*,'

On line [13],  time units are entered as HR.  Time  can be  speci-
fied as either hours  or  minutes.   Enter  HR,  MIN,  or  SEC  on the
left end  of the line.   The time unit is used to specify  the
interval  between  current  meter observations (and  thus,  PVD
steps).

The current speed units are given as  CM/SEC on line  [15].  Sever-
al other unit selections are available, as shown on line [14].

On line  [18]  of  Figure 23    the user declares  METERS  to  be the
units of depth.

The units of the settling speed  of the  particles may be cm/sec or
ft/sec as the user states on line  [19].  The settling speed units
affect the user's formulation  of  the mass-speed  distribution.
See Section 4.5.

                                41

-------
On line [23] the units of particle mass flow through the diffuser
may be given as metric tons per year  or  kilograms  per second.   A
third choice, UNIT, is used when  particle  deposition results are
desired as a fraction or percent of the diffuser flow.

The units of the sediment maps are specified on line  [22] and may
be either milligrams  per square centimeter per year,   grams per
square meter  per day, or  fraction  or percent of  total outflow.
NORMALIZED produces deposition maps where each particle group has
1.0 as the  total flux.    In  such  a case,  the  deposition map for
the combined groups is also normalized.
                                 42

-------
   4.2.   Example  1:  Grid


The first two fields of line  [29] of Figure 24 specify the number

of  cells  in the  X-  and Y-directions,  each  of which must  be  an

even number, 40 or less.
     [28]     *	GRID SECTION
     [29]     *
     DO]     **                        DIFFUSER LOCATION       COSTEUO
     [31]     ** NUMBER OF CELLS    GRID SIZE  (relative to grid center)   INFLUENCE
     D2]     ** X    Y      X     Y *-''•*    X     Y        DISTANCE
     [33]       16   16     0.25   0.25     1.25   2.0          1.0
     [34]     **
     [35]     ** X may be + UP or + DOWN    (the X axis is always longshore)
     [36]       DOWN
     [37]     ** Y may be + RIGHT or + LEFT (the +Y direction is always offshore)
     [38]       RIGHT
     [39]     *


              Grid  Section of Main Input File SED1.IN
                               FIGURE  24


The  units of the next five items  on  line  [29] are  set  in the

Units Section, above.



The  grid  in  this example (see line  [29])  consists  of  16 cells  in

the  X-direction  (longshore) and  16  cells  in the Y-direction

(cross shore.)   The cells are (but  need not be) the same size  in

both directions  (0.25 km).



The  diffuser is  located  at the grid center,  2.0 km offshore  from

the  line  of  Y=0  (the onshore boundary of the  grid) and 1.25  km
                                    43

-------
from the line of  X=0, or 0.75 km from the center.
The last item on line [29] states that if a PVD gets within one
kilometer.(measured in the direction of decreasing  Y)  of the
contour  line which matches the  depth of the  fallen  particles
(including an allowance for the benthic boundary layer), then the
process of directing the PVD parallel to that  contour line will
begin.

Line  [32]  and line  [34]  allow the  user to pick  the positive
directions for X and  Y  for inp&t and  output  representations  of
the grid. Each of the three different coordinate  systems  related
to the grid always has the same orientation as the other two.   If
X is  positive UP it is so  for  cells, for grid  lines, and for
distances measured from the prime corner of the grid.

Note  that the entire problem always takes place  in the  first
quadrant with respect to cell  numbers and positions where X and Y
are both positive.   Negative  values of cell numbers  are  inter-
preted as being outside the grid  and  are valid only in specifying
depth contour crossings.
                                44

-------
[40]      *	—DEPTH SECTION
£41]      *
[423      ** NAME OF DEPTH  TABLE
[43]        EXMP1GRD.DEP
[44]      **
[45]      ** WASTEFIELD DEPTH   BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS
[46]           15               5
[47]      *
           Depth Section of  Main  Input  File SED1.IN
                                FIGURE 26
                                      45

-------
   4.3.  Example 1:  Depth
Line [46] in Figure 26 provides the initial wastefield depth  and
the thickness of the benthic boundary  layer, both given in meters
according to the selection made in the UNITS SECTION.  Line  [43]
gives  the name of the  file containing  the depth  information.
There  are  two  methods for specifying the  bathymetry.   They  are
shown  in Figures 27 and 28.
— NAMt Ul- UtPIH lABLt MLt 	
"DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD
GRID
	 ,„, 	 tXNHlliKU.UkP
GRID, CONTOUR
*X\Y

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
2.
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
4.
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
5.
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
6.
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
7.
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
8.
35.0
35.0
35.0 '
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
9.
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
10.
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
11.
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
12.
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
13.
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
14.
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
15.
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
16.
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
17.
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
     END OF GRID DATA
                   Grid Specification of Depths
                            FIGURE 27
                                 46

-------
          ** NAME  OF  DEPTH TABLE FILE	EXMP1CO
          **DEPTH  SPECIFICATION METHOD    GRID,CONTOUR
          CONTOUR
          *
          **DEPTH  CONTOUR TABLE     (X & Y measured in grid cell lengths)
                                   D = depth in units specified by user
                              Y  D
**
**x
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Y
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Y
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17

D
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
          ** END OF CONTOURS


                 Contour Specification of Depths
                           FIGURE 28

CONTOUR, in Figure 28 states that the depths  are  to be given by

specifying  on each line of constant  X,   the  Y-values  of  the

crossings of contours,  in which case SEDDEP interpolates  the

depth at each Y-grid line.



Contour intercepts are indicated on  each of the 17 lines of con-

stant X  in  Figure 28.   The  geometry represents  a  simple plane

that has a depth of zero at the  shore and  80  meters on the 17th

Y-grid line.
                                47

-------
Notice that the sense of the grid  as specified at lines [36]  and
[38] of  Figure  21 is preserved  (  DOWN for positive X  and RIGHT
for positive Y  .)  If X  had  been specified positive UP, then  the
top line of depth data would be for X=17.  If Y had been selected
as positive LEFT, then the order of  the  contour intercepts would
be reversed:  10   17 80   would be entered as  17 80  10.
In Figure 28, the  line  "3.   1 0  17 80   " is interpreted as
follows  (see Figures 16-18 for an example of a grid):

     3.         indicates this isVthe eighth X-line, on  the X=0
                side of the third cell in the X-direction.

     1   0       indicates that the contour  of depth  0   meters
                crosses the X=3 line at Y=l, the onshore edge of
                cell number 1 in  the Y-direction.  Since the seabed
                in this problem is a plane, this condition  is true
                for all values of X.

     17  80       indicates that the contour  of depth  80 meters
                crosses the X=3 line at Y=17, the  offshore  edge
                of cell number 16 in the  Y-direction.

The  Y values  in this simple  example are  all integers.   In  a real
problem the Y values would be integers followed by  decimal  frac-
tions,  indicating that specific  contours cross  somewhere in the
middle  of the cells rather than  exactly  on the  cell boundaries.
                                 48

-------
The X values,  however, will ALWAYS  BE  INTEGERS since the
interpolation  takes place along lines  of constant X.
Figure 27  could have been  produced by hand  or as the output  from
Figure 28.   It contains  the grid depths  interpolated to the  grid
intersections in  the same  form as  if the  user had  input them.
This table can be edited to make  it more realistic and then the
name of  the depth file  at line  [43]  of Figure  21  can be  changed
for use  in subsequent solutions**^


The decimal points and trailing  zeros in Figure 27  are not neces-
sary  for  input.   All of  these simple  depths  could have  been
entered  as integers.
   4.4.   Example 1: Current Meter
     [48]    *	CURRENT METER SECTION
     [49]    *
     [50]    ** NUMBER OF CURRENT METERS   TIME STEP
     [51]           1              .75
     [52]    ** NAME(S) OF CURRENT METER FILES (ONE FILE PER LINE)
     [53]      EXMP1.CUR
     [54]    *

                      Current Meter Section of
                      Main Input File SED1.IN
                             FIGURE 29
                                  49

-------
Line  [51]  of Figure 29  specifies  a single current  meter and  a
time step of .75 hours.

Line  [53]  of Figure 29 gives the  name  of the file  that  defines
the single current meter.  If there were multiple current  meters,
the names of the files would be listed one per line at this point
in the main data file.

In the  case of a single meter,  the location is  irrelevant,  but
some position must be specifiedv^'so  "0.  0."  is as good  as any.
As with  all  floating  point  numbers used by this  program,  decimal
points  are not necessary if the  numbers are integers, but they
can be  used.   Thus,    "0    0",    "0.    0.",   ". 0 .0",   or  any
mixture  of the  different formats is satisfactory.
                                 50

-------
 *   FILE: EXMP1.CUR
 *                  METER LOCATION km          ANGLE
 •NUMBER OF        (rel. to grid CORNER)    GRID X TO METER  X
 •OBSERVATIONS             X    Y              (cw deg)
     1024               .0   .0                 0.
•CURRENT SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS                                   '
 *   SPD    DIR     SPD     DIR     SPD    DIR    SPD     DIR     SPD     DIR     SPD    DIR
 * cm/sec   cw deg
   7.280  15.945   9.000    .000  12.166350.538  14.866340.346  14.142351.870  15.297348.690
   14.000    .000  13.000    .000  12.166   9.462  11.000    .000   8.062352.875   7.280344.055
   3.606326.310   2.236333.435   4.000  9.000   .000    .000   3.162251.565  11.180 79.695
   11.662  59.036  10.630  48.814   5.831  30.964  10.296330.945   6.403321.340   8.544339.444
    5.831  59.036   5.000 323.130  6.083  %9.462   7.071   8.130   7.000    .000 12.000   .000
    7.000    .000  11.70534.017  9.434327.995   7.211326.310  1.000323.130  8.544290.556
    2.236 206.565   4.123 194.036  4.123 165.964   7.000 18.0 00
   END OF CURRENT DATA

                              File  EXMP1.CUR
      Partial  List  of  Current  Speeds and Directions
                          (Figure  20  Repeated)
                                 FIGURE  30
                                        51

-------
Figure 30 is a  partial  listing of  file EXMP1.CUR .  The number  of
observations  is  the number of  current meter  readings  (starting
with  the  first)  which  are  to be  used  for  the problem  at hand.
This  file happens to  have 1024  speeds,  each  followed  by a direc-
tion.   Specifying  1024 means that the whole file  is  to be used.
There may be any number  of readings in  the  file,  but SEDDEP has
room  for only  the  first 3000  for  each  meter.   If  the  user  is
working a smaller problem, a much  smaller number may  be .specified
to  use only  those readings at the  head of the file.
                                  - *;;
    4.5.  Example 1: Particle Groups
     [55]     *	PARTICLE GROUP SECTION
     [56]     *
     [57]     ** NUMBER OF PARTICLE SETTLING SPEED GROUPS
     [58]     **            . (one more than number of groups)
     [59]       5
     [60]     ** CUM MASS, F as a function of particle SPEED, V
     [61]     **   (Requires one more pair of points than groups)
     [62]     **  V    F      V     F     V    F
     [63]        .01   1.0     .0316  .3165    .10  .10
     [64]        .3165   .03165  1.00   .0100  3.165  .003165
     [65]     ** MASS EMISSION RATE
     [65]       1.0
     [66]     * -END OF DATA	
         Particle Group Section of Main  Input File SED1.IN
                                FIGURE 31
                                     52

-------
Line [65] of Figure 31 provides the mass emission rate in units
previously specified in the UNITS SECTION.   This number is used
as a multiplier  of the  F   mass distribution function defined
just below.
Line [59]  in Figure  31  states that there  are five  groups of
particles.   The  program  will  allow 10.  The  data  on line  [63]
indicate that  the first group  consists of all particles with
settling speeds between .010 and 0.0316 cm/sec.   The mass in this
group is the difference between  the two  F  values:  1.0 - .3165
                              JU'V
= .6835

A group  is  all the particles in a  specific range  of speeds.
Thus, the table of speed and cumulative mass  function always
represents one less group than there  are points  in  the distribu-
tion.

SEDDEP uses the cumulative distribution function,  F, of particles
with a given settling  speed, V,  or higher is
               F= A /  V B
where     A    and   B     define a straight  line  on a log-log
plot.  The constant,  A,  is  the value of  F  where  V is one.   The
value, B, is the slope of the line.  All particle groups may  use
the same straight line or  each group may have its  own  line.   In
any case,  the collection  of line segments for the groups  is

                                53

-------
assumed to be continuous.


The lines are provided by curve  fitting to  experimental data

gathered  using  settling tubes  or by equivalent estimation based

on the user's experience.    Figure 32  shows  an simulated example

of data and a fitted curve.
       emulative    1.0 -
       mass fraction
       with V < VR

                 0.1 -
                 .0 1
VB
                          I      I       I
                    10     1      0.1     .01

                              VR (cm/sec)
                  I      I
                 .001   .0001
       Settling Speed  Characteristics of Effluent Particles
                             FIGURE 32
 The  mass contained in the  water column which has  settling speeds

 between   V1  and V2 is given by



             F2 - F! =  .A  (V2~B -  V-f8  )
                                  54

-------
By proper  selection of A  and B, the  F  and V scales may have
considerable flexibility.   Actually,  the  user  need  not  be
concerned with  A and B.  SEDDEP calculates them internally, and
uses them to interpolate the mass deposited by small ranges of V.

The  V   function  must  be entered in the particle settling speed
units that have been specified (cm/sec or  ft/sec.)

The  F   function  in  Figures  31 and  32  is  defined so that  F=1.0
accounts for all of  the mass.  *-%uch a  function can be used with
mass emission rate of 1.0 to produce fractional mass depositions.
If mass emission rate is 100, percent distributions  are obtained.
If mass emission rate is an  actual mass emission rate associated
with the outfall,  then  F   should  be  a unit distribution func-
tion.  Finally,   the mass  emission  rate  could be set to 1.0 and
F  could be scaled to reflect the a  peak at the actual mass rate.

The table may contain up to 11 pairs of V  and F.  The list  illus-
trated in Figure 31  continues on to a second line.  The table is
like a  current meter  velocity  table of  speeds  and directions.
It may occupy as many lines  as the user desires, to the point of
putting one V on one line followed by one F on the  next, etc. as
long as Vs and Fs properly alternate.

There may  be no  comments within the table,  but there  may be
comments at the end.
                                55

-------
Particles of different settling  speeds  encounter the bathymetric
directed sub-current at different points  along  what would other-
wise be the  same PVD.   The program works with  several groups of
particles.  A and  B   and can be the same for  all particles  (one
straight line on the log-log plot)  or can  take different values
in different settling speed  ranges for more sophisticated analy-
ses  (a curved line,  although piecewise straight,  on the log-log
plot.)
                              • ^»;;
Figure 33  shows three different mass-speed distributions.   The
"Realistic" distribution  has  a maximum F of .49,  the other  half
of the mass, presumably,  is  left in suspension rather than being
deposited.
                                 56

-------
                TYPICAL
   V       DISTRIBUTION (5 GROUPS)
  SPEED          F          f
(cm/sec)  GRP  CUM MASS  I NCR MASS
|           TYPICAL         |
|     DISTRIBUTION (8 GROUPS) |
IF          *      I
|  GRP  CUM MASS  INCR MASS    | GRP
                                 I
                          I
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

1.

3.


000316

001000

003162

010000
1
031623
2
100000
3
316228
4
000000
5
162278








1.000000
0.683770
0.316230
0.216230
0.100000
0.068377
0.031623
0.021623
0.010000
0.006838
0.003162
A=0.01
B=1.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
.000000

.316230

.100000

.031623

.010000

.003162
s.
.001000

.000316

.000100

0

0

0

0

0

>*' 0

0

0


.683770

.216230

.068377

.021623

.006838

.002162

.000684

.000216


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

A=. 00031623


B=1.00
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.
A=0
490053

305684

190653

1 18925

074173

046267

028856

180000

011226
.018
B=0.410
   REALISTIC
 DISTRIBUTION
   F          f
CUM MASS   INCR MASS
                                                                            0.184369
                                                                            0.115031
                                                                            0.071727
                                                                            0.044750
                                                                            0.027905
                                                                            0.017410
                                                                            0.010856
                                                                            0.006773
                            Particle Mass  Distributions
                                        FIGURE  33
                                               57

-------
 5.   RUN TIME INSTRUCTIONS
     5.1 Installation
The  user  will  receive three diskettes  of  approximately  360k



capacity.  The directories appear below:
     DISK 1   Program disk



          SEDDEP.BAT     This ba%ch file is used to start the



                         program.  Type in SEDDEP and the



                         batch file will find the date and



                         time, and start the program SEDDEP1.EXE,



          SED.EXE        This is the large program that reads



                         the input file, follows the PVDs and



                         produces the output.



          DTIME.EXE      Small program which makes the current



                         date and time available for SEDDEP







     DISK 2   Input and  output files for the example problems.



          SED1.IN        Main input file, EXAMPLE 1



          DISPLIST.TH    Displacement table for current meters



          DISPLACE.IND   List of displacement  indices



                         form current meter



          SED1.0UT       Results of a single PVD example
                                 58

-------
          SED2.IN        Main input  file, EXAMPLE 2
          SFOA1.CUR      |
          SFOA2.CUR      |  Three current meter  files  in the
          SFOA3.CUR      |  direct mode: speeds  and directions
          SED2.OUT       Results of  all possible PVDs created
                         from spatial  averaging of three meters
These files may be  copied  and  the copies may be edited into the
user's  own problem definitions.   It is  recommended  that the
original files be retained.  To help prevent  inadvertent destruc-
tion they are DOS protected.  Working copies of the files can be
made on diskettes or on hard disk.

If there is a  hard  disk,  the user  will  probably  want to make a
new directory for SEDDEP and copy the files from the diskette to
the hard disk.   If there is no  hard disk,  the program must be run
from the diskette in DRIVE  A:,  with output directed to DRIVE B:
                                59

-------
     5.2 Running the Program


At the  DOS prompt, type  in SEDDEP.   The  batch file  SEDDEP.BAT
asks the user to be sure the printer is on and  on-line,  sets  the
printer to 132 characters per  line, uses  the short program,
DTIME.EXE, to read in the current date and time from  the system,
and starts  SEDDEP.   This exercise takes place  at  the DOS  level
and must be performed even  if the user intends  to  send output to
a disk  file rather than to the printer.
                               , v.

Next, the  screen  will  clear and the user will  be  asked  a series
of questions concerning the control of the SEDDEP run.


          WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE INPUT FILE ?
In  the case of EXAMPLE 1, the correct answer is SED1.IN, and  in
the case of EXAMPLE 2, SED2.IN is the correct name.   If the user
misspells  the  name  or names a file  which  has  been  deleted,
SEDDEP will ask the question again.


If  the input file is not in the current DOS  directory  (usually
shown  as  part of the screen prompt at the  system  level)  then
enter the  directory of the file along with its name.-  For exam-
ple:          \MYSTUFF\SEDIMENT\SED1.IN
would  indicate that the file SED1.IN  is located in  the  second
level  directory  SEDIMENT  , which is part of  the  first  level
                                 60

-------
directory  MYSTUFF.  The drive letter designation can also  be  a
part of the "path" to the file.

At this point the program reads in the main input file.  The data
will  not appear on the screen unless the ECHO or  CHECK  options
have been invoked.
          WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTPUT FILE ?
               IT IS RECOMMENDEEk-THE FILE BE NAMED 	.OUT
               DEFAULT  (CR) GOES TO THE PRINTER  :

The output  from  the program can be  sent  to the printer  or  to a
disk  file.   Disk file  output  can  be scanned or  edited using an
editor, TYPEd or PRINTed  using the  DOS  commands,  or incorporated
into  documents  using a word processor.    Answer  the following
question with a carriage return or PRN  if the on-line printer is
desired, or with the name   of  a  new  or existing  disk  file if
disk  output is wanted.   Old  files  will  be  overwritten without
warning.   Users  without hard  disk  systems  may be  forced to use
the printer,  since  the  program and the output  files can  be very
large.   In any event,  a  user  with only  diskettes  should direct
the output  to DRIVE B:  by specifying the  output file to be some-
thing like   B:MYFILE.OUT
                                 61

-------
          SHOULD THE INPUT FILE BE ECHOED



                                 ON THE SCREEN ? (Y/N)







An answer of  Y or Y to  this  question  causes  the main  input file



( example, Figure 15) to be copied onto the screen as it is being



read.  If SEDDEP detects  a  read error,  say, because of alphabet-



ic information  where there should be  numeric,  it  is  helpful to



know where the  event occurred.  On most computers  the data will



be displayed too quickly  to read unless an error stops the proc-



essing, but the point  of the  feature  is to locate errors, not to



read the file.







For  all  questions where  the  answer is  yes  or no   (Y/N) either



upper  or  lower  case  answers may be used.  However,  if the answer



is anything except y,  Y,  n, or N, the question will be repeated.
          SHOULD  THE  INPUT ORDER BE CHECKED



                                 ON THE SCREEN ?  (Y/N)







 The  CHECK option is  similar  to the ECHO option  except that the



 program  gives  the user information about what input was expected



 as well  as what was received.   This is very useful  in cases where



 a  line of data is missing  or where an extra  line  appears.   For



 instance,  if line  [73]  of Figure  15  were missing,  the program



 would  have  no  value to number  of  current meters.  It would read
                                 62

-------
the next  non-comment  line,  [80] to  get the number  of meters.
Instead of the correct  answer,  1,  it would report 5  (the  number
of particle sets.)

The ECHO and CHECK options can be used simultaneously.
     SHOULD THE INPUT DATA BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ?  (Y/N)

After several related runs on the program with the same or nearly
the same input file, the user may wish to  suppress  the report  of
the input data on the output file.
 SHOULD THE DEPTH GRID MAP BE REPORTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE ? (Y/N)

This question is asked only if the depth input method is CONTOUR.
If the user's  problem is not one of variable bathymetry,  it  may
suffice to get one copy  of  the  depth  grid map which results from
the interpolation of the contour line - X grid crossings.
                                 63

-------
              ** NOW PRINTING RECORD OF INPUT VALUES  **

Unless  the user specified that  the  input  file  data  not be
repeated on the output  file, the  line  above  is displayed  after
all the  input data has been read and  indicates  that a  printed
copy  (to  printer or output  file)  of a summary  of  the input is
being produced.

The optional  output at this  point  is a  reflection of  most of the
data contained  in the main input file.   It is  in a format  differ-
ent from the  input file,  however,  and is more  suitable for inclu-
sion  in  reports.   The user  may not wish  to produce  this output
every time related or nearly identical problems  are run.
                                 64

-------
           CURRENT METER SUMMARY
TR NUM
UM OBS
1 984
2 1024
3 345
. (KM ) FILE
X Y NAME
,2.50 -3.30 CURR1
5.00 1.25 CURR2
5.50 -3.60 CURR3
                    OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE :



                NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES :



                 OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE :







Once all  the data has  been read,  SEDDEP  displays  a  summary  of



some of the information concerning the current meters.   In gener-



al, different current meter files might not have  the  same number



of observations.   Or it  might be desired to use less than  all



those available.  It  is  the task of  the  user to  select how many



and which  PVDs  to use.   The number  selected will apply  to  all



current meters  and  all  particle groups  and  must not  be  greater



than the  number of  observations  for the  meter with  the fewest



observations.







If the  number of intervals between  origins  is one,  then every



observation between the first and the last will take  its  turn at
                                65

-------
being the first segment of a PVD.   If 100 is used,  the first  PVD
will start with observation the number specified by the user  and
the next will start with observation 100 greater than that.
          LIST DETAILS FOR EACH PVD STEP (Y/N)  ? 	

         OBSERVATION NUMBER WHICH STARTS FIRST PVD TO BE PRINTED:
                        NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN PRINTOUTS:
          OBSERVATION NUMBER WHi%H STARTS LAST PVD TO BE PRINTED:

At the  user's option,  the details of each step  in the PVDs will
be  displayed on the screen and on the printer (or output  file.)

To display every step of every PVD, answer the questions above as
1,1,1000 (or some number larger than the number of PVDs.   To
start  at PVD number  100 and  display  every 10th  step,  stopping
after 200 steps, enter  100,10,200.

Items presented are:
                PVD number
                observation number of the current  segment
                the number of sub segments that were created  if
                    the segment was longer than a  grid cell
                a  flag which   shows that the segment has been turned
                    by coastal influence
                                 66

-------
                the X-  and Y-numbers of  the  cell  under  the
                    segment
                the location (relative to the grid center)  of the
                    head end of the segment
                the distance to the effective coast
                the depth of particles
                the depth of the bottom
                the  speed of the particles
                the fraction of the  release  unit mass  which is
                    being deposited
                the total deposit so far from the current PVD.

The display need  not  start with the first PVD, need  not be made
at each step,  and can be cut off  at  any step.  Whatever  set of
parameters is  chosen,  it will apply to  all  of the PVDs used to
study each of the particle groups.
If the user chooses  not to look  at  the details of the  PVD con-
struction, the program  automatically  produces . a one  character
summary of each PVD.     The character is  D if all  the mass is
deposited,  L  if  the  PVD left the grid, and X  if  there  were not
enough segments  left  for the PVD  to  be finished before all the
mass was deposited.
                                 67

-------
 SPECIFY THE FIRST AND LAST PARTICLE GROUPS TO USE FOR THIS RUN  :
              FIRST:.
               LAST:
The lines above allow the user to select a single particle  group
or one range of particle groups.
          BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3

This  is  a message  to notify  the user  that calculations have
started on the next (e.g. the third)  group of particles.

Once the program starts, it runs  through  all the  particle  groups
and, within each group, through all the PVDs.   The program  may be
stopped by pushing  CRTL-Break.   This aborts the  run without  any
guarantee that printing or writing to disk files will be properly
finished.
                                68

-------
6.   EXAMPLE  1:  OUTPUT
This  is the complete output  from  a particular run of  the   sample
problem.    Explanatory  comments are inserted at critical  points.
This file, SED1-1.OUT,  is one of those  supplied to the user.
                                     SEDDEP1
 SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS                                        6/23/89   1636
 INPUT FILE:sed1.in                                            OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT
             .  This  is the beginning of the optional
             .  restatement of  the input data.
           UNITS AND OPTIONS
 UNITS OF GRID MEASUREMENT:  KM
 UNITS OF DEPTH MEASUREMENT: DECIMETERS
 UNITS OF TIME STEP:       HR
 UNITS OF PARTICLE SPEED:   CM/SEC
 DEPTH SPECIFICATION METHOD: CONTOUR
 CURRENT METER TYPE:       INDEXED

X
NUMBER OF CELLS 16
NUMBER OF GRID LINES 17
CELL SIZE .250
DIFFUSER LOCATION -.750

Y
16 ,
17
.250 KM
.000 KM
                                       69

-------
                This grid output  is  printed only if
                the  user  requests input  printing
                and  depth grid printing.

SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDR1CKS 6/23/89 1636
INPUT FILE:sed1.in OUTPUT FILE: sed1-1.out
GRID DEPTH TABLE (DECIMETERS) :
( LONGSHORE : DOWN OFFSHORE : RIGHT )
J=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
2.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0

100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
3.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,0
,0

150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
150.
4.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
5.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 35&.V 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 750.0
17.
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
 WATER DEPTH AT DIFFUSER:
 WASTEFIELD DEPTH AT  BEGINNING (T=0):
 THICKNESS OF BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER:
 EXTENT OF COASTAL INFLUENCE ON FLOW:
400.000 DECIMETERS
150.000 DECIMETERS
 50.000 DECIMETERS
  1.000 KM
- 	 CURRENT METER INFORMATION
 CURRENT METER  METHOD:      INDEXED
 NUMBER OF METERS:           1
 TIME BETWEEN OBS:            .75 HR
 MULTIPLIER FOR Y-COMPONENTS  -1.0
 ANGLE BETWEEN  METERS & GRID    .000 DEGREES
                                             70

-------
             . The  first 12 observations  of  current
             . data are printed here  so that the user
             . can  identify the files without printing
             . all  of the  observations.
FIRST 12 CURRENT DISPLACEMENT TABLE ENTRIES  (KM      )   FILE:DISPLIST.TH

   -1.215   -1.188    -1.161   -1.134   -1.107   -1.080   -1.053   -1.026

   -.999    -.972    -.945    -.918


FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENT INDICES FOR METER # 1   FILE: CURRENTS.TH

      X

      7

     14
Y
2
0
X
9
13
Y
0
0
X
12
12
Y
2
-2
X
14
11
Y
5
0
X
14
8
Y
2
1
X
15
7
Y
3
2
             .  If the  current  meter method  is  Indexed,
             .  12 displacement pairs  are looked up and
             .  printed.
FIRST 12 DISPLACEMENTS (KM       ) FOR METER # 1  FILE: CURRENTS.TH

    X     Y     X      Y      X      Y     X     Y     X      Y  '    X     Y

    .189  -.054   .243    .000   .324   .054   .378   .135   .378    .054   .405   .081

    .378   .000   .351    .000   .324  -.054   .297   .000   .216    .027   .189   .054
CURRENT METER SUMMARY


MTR  NUM   LOCATION (KM  )   FILE

NUM  DBS      X      Y     NAME


 1  1024     .000   .000    DISPLACE.IND


   1024 OBSERVATIONS CAN BE USED.
                                         71

-------
                .  User specifies  the  study of  only
                .  one  PVD.
          OBSERVATION NUMBER OF FIRST RELEASE :     1
       NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN RELEASES .:     1
        OBSERVATION NUMBER OF THE LAST RELEASE :     1
DISPLACEMENTS IN THE METER COORDINATE SYSTEM WILL BE ROTATED THROUGH .000 DEGREES TO ALIGN THEM WITH THE GRID SYSTEM
                                                72

-------
         PARTICLE GROUP DATA
          SETT.  SPD.CM/SEC
           MAX        MIN
             PROP
         CONSTANT
             SLOPE
           LOG/LOG
        3.16000
        1.00000
         .31600
         .10000
         .03160
1.00000
 .31600
 .10000
 .03160
 .01000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
                  This  is the  end  of the  record of  the
                  input.                   »•-*
 BEGINNING WORK ON PARTICLE GROUP # 3
                 This  is  the record  of  each step  in  the
                 PVD.
        STEP T  CELL    SEGMENT    EFFECT                        MASS
 PVD DBS  SUB R NUMBER   END  LOC.    COAST    DEPTHS    PARTICLE   DEPOSITED
 NUM NUM  DIV N  X  Y    X    Y     DIST  WFLD  WATER   SPEED     CELL  TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
6
* 7
* 8
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
-.56
-.32
-.16
.01
.20
.38
.57
.76
.96
1.17
.05
.05
.04
.03
.01
-.01
-.02
-.03
-.04
-.05
1.05
.77
.47
.47
.28
.28
.27
.27
.21
.21
•200.0
256.2
312.3
312.3
341.4
341.4
339.9
339.9
348.2
348.2
401.4
402,7
402.4
401.7
391.5
371.8
361.7
361.3
360.9
360.4
.7457
.3754
.2998
.2490
.2027
.1590
.1331
.1195
.1083
.1000
.000
.000
2.499
9.947
13.442
19.805
17.945
12.502
12.591
11.270
.00
.00
2.50
12.45
25.89
45.69
63.64
76.14
88.73
100.00
PVD  TERMINATED - ALL MASS DEPOSITED
DESIRED NUMBER OF PVDs REACHED
                                               73

-------
SAMPLE PROBLEM FROM T. HENDRICKS
INPUT FILE:SED1.in
  6/23/89    1636
OUTPUT FILE: SED1-1.0UT
 PARTICLE GROUP   3
    MAX SETTLING SPEED      .316
   1 MIN SETTLING SPEED      .100
    PROP CONSTANT          1.000
    SLOPE LOG/LOG          1.000
    WEIGHTING FACTOR       1.000
    NUMBER OF PVDs
    AVERAGE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS PER PVD
 SAMPLE PROBLEM  FROM T. HENDRICKS
 INPUT FILE:SED1.in
 PARTICLE  GROUP  3
   6/23/89     1636
 OUTPUT  FILE:  SED1-1.OUT
  SEDIMENTATION  (PERCENT  PER GRID CELL):
     (  LONGSHORE : DOWN           OFFSHORE  : RIGHT
J=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
2.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
3.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
4.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
5.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
6.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
7.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
. .0000
.0000
8.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
37.7498
12.5017
12.5906
11.2699
.0000
.0000
.0000
9.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
12.4458
13.4422
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
10.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
11.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
12.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000-
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
13.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
 NORMAL PROGRAM HALT : SEDDEP1
                                                      74

-------
7.  ERRORS: Corrective Actions
Errors fall into three sets which are listed below:
1. Many errors which can be  corrected at run time and will allow
processing to continue.

       Errors input from the keyboard:
       e.g.    MAIN INPUT FILE CANNOT BE,FOUND: (bad name listed)

       Errors input through the input file:
       e.g.        ERROR: BAD GRID UNITS: MNILES
                   ACCEPTABLE VALUES ARE : KM,MILES,NM,METERS,FEET
                   TRY AGAIN :
          These errors check the  users  correction and repeat if
          necessary.  The program will not proceed until the user
          has made a correct reply.

          A record of these errors  is made on the output file so
          that the user may correct them before the next run.
                                 75

-------
2.  Errors which terminate  input processing immediately:

          An unexpected end of file on any input  file  caused by
          erroneous sizing  of  data sets or not enough data.

          Certain FORTRAN-trapped input errors such as:
               1235 Two "." characters in a real read
               1236 Invalid real number
               1027 File name  error
               1028 Disk full  error
               1035 Protected  file
               1203 Digit expected  in input
3.  Execution errors.   The errors above  are found during the
processing of  the input files.   The program  contains  only one
error  message that  cannot be  detected until the solution is
underway.
                                76

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         ERROR ***
          DEPTHS  ARE  APPARENTLY NOT MONOTONICALLY INCREASING IN THE
          OFFSHORE  DIRECTION.  THE EFFECTIVE COAST IS OFFSHORE FROM
          THE CURRENT PVD.  RESULTS ARE UNPREDICTABLE.
          PROCESSING  WILL PROCEED, BUT USER SHOULD INVESTIGATE.
                     STEP    CELL    SEGMENT    EFFECTIVE
             PVD  OBS   SUB   NUMBER   END LOG.   COASTAL
             NUM  NUM   DIV    X  Y    X      Y   DISTANCE
The program has  calculated that the  effective  coast is  in the
offshore direction.  The most likely  cause  of  this situation is
that the depths are decreasing  (albeit  locally)  in the offshore
direction,  although the user may have the coast in the wrong
direction or there may be a ridge in the bathymetry.

The error message tells the  user which  PVD,  which segment or
observation, which subdivision  of  the Segment,  which  cell,  the
location of the end  of the head  end of the  segment, and the
effective coastal  distance.   The  correct sign for  the coastal
distance is  negative  - pointing  in  the negative Y-direction.
                                77

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8.   RESTRICTIONS







Grid is limited to 40 cells in each direction.







Number of current meters limited to 10.







Number of current meter observations limited to 3000 speed:direc-



tion pairs for each meter.







Number of groups of particles is limited to 10  (11 points on the



speeds and mass distribution list.







Depths must  increase monotonically (or be flat)  in the offshore



direction.
                                 78

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9. EXAMPLE 2.

The input and output files of EXAMPLE  2  are  included on DISK 3.

The bathymetry  of the example  is  offshore from  San Francisco,
California, centered on the actual  outfall there.   As with EXAM-
PLE 1, the contour technique was used  to enter the depths.  Since
the data are real, the contours  are considerably more complicated
than those of the plane of EXAMPLE  1.

The data from the three  current meters is limited, but real.
Meters 2  and 3  were actually moored  at  different  depths at the
same position as meter 1,  but they were moved to make this prob-
lem more interesting  and illustration of the capabilities of
SEDDEP.   Since  there are multiple  current  meters,  each  current
meter  file  contains  a map  which uses zeros and  ones  to assign
cells to  its applicability.  In this  example,  there are  zones of
overlapping  current meter  regions  to  demonstrate  the ability of
SEDDEP to average multiple meters.
                                79

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