U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
PB-253 369
PROJECT SAFEGUARD
SAFE PESTICIDE PRACTICES, SAFETY HANDBOOK
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PREPARED FOR
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
1973
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SAFETY HANDBOOK
PROJECT SAFEGUARD:
SAFE PESTICIDE PRACTICES
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Cooperating
1973
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD !
USE OF HANDBOOK AND PRESENTATION OF MATERIALS 2
1. Individual Responsibilities 4
2. Safe Pesticide Usage 7
3. Safe Transport of Pesticides 10
4. Safe Storage of Pesticides ]2
5. Personal Protective Equipment 14
6. Safe'Mixing Procedures 16
7. Application Procedures 19
8. Re-Entry Precautions 22
9. Cleaning Up and Good Housekeeping 24
10. Pesticide Disposal 25
11. Pesticide Poisoning Signs and What to Do about It 28
12. Emergency Procedures for Spills and Fire 3]
Appendices
A. Sources For Information
11
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PROJECT SAFEGUARD: SAFE PESTICIDE PRACTICES
SAFETY HANDBOOK
FOREWORD
Project Safeguard, a program on pesticide safety sponsored by
the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, seeks to protect you and the environment.
As you may know by now, the Federal Government has banned most
uses of DDT 1n this country. It 1s being replaced by chemicals that
have less long-term, residual effects on the environment. Most of these
chemicals are more dangerous, but they can be used safely.
Your job 1n Project Safeguard will be to visit with your friends
and your neighbors who will be using pesticide poisons. You will
carry the message of safe pesticide practices to them.
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USE OF HANDBOOK AND PRESENTATION OF MATERIALS
7~~r ] ' • r~~ •
1. Introduction — Use of Handbook
This handbook "contains 12 lessons, each ct Mng with basic Infor-
mation about pesticide safety. The material can help you to explain
the basic points of pesticide safety. i»-
A. The lessons are easy to follow and easy to remember.
B. Read each one carefully. As you read try to recall
similar things that have happened to you.
C. When you finish reading each lesson, look at the boxed
"WHAT DO YOU KNOW" section. Read each statement carefully.
Try to recall a time when the statement applied to you or to
someone you may know or have heard about.
D. This simple exercise will make 1t easier for you to
remember the most Important points of each lesson when
you talk with others.
/
2. Using the Materials
As was mentioned earlier, your job will be to talk to your
friends and others and get them to start being more careful while
working with pesticide poisons. The safety handouts will help you
to do this.
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A. Give each person a copy of the Handout. In your own words,
tell him what each picture and statement means. The 12
lessons you have studied will help you here.
B. Tell the person to see the County Extension Agent 1f he
has any questions that you cannot answer.
C. You may also want to refer him to other sources of
Information. A list of these sources 1s shown in Appendix
A at the end of this Handbook.
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INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES
We have a real job ahead of us this
year. The attitude you take and the
effort you make will decide whether
a loved one, a close friend, or for
that matter, you, are saved from a
tragic or fatal poisoning.
DDT can no longer be used on most crops. It is being replaced by many
pesticide prisons that are more dangerous. Their use will require extra
caution on your part.
Right about now you may be saying to yourself -- "Heck, this
pesticide poison stuff is nothing new to me," -- and you're probably
right. Yet how many of us double check to see that we're always
doing things right?
1. Do we always ask someone who knows about .he pesticide
poison that will work best on our crops?
2. Do we always check the labels?
3. Do we always use protective clothing and equipment?
4. Do we always store pesticide poisons safely?
5. Do we always properly dispose of empty poison containers?
6. Do we always double check familiar brand names? Although the name
is the same, they may now contain other chemicals -- some so
hazardous that less than one drop in your system could kill you.
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If you aren't following safe pesticide practices, now 1s a
good time to start. Handling pesticide poisons safely may save someone's
life and also keep you from having to pay fines for misuse of these
poisons. Remember, safe use of pesticides 1s your responsibility.
The use of safety equipment and
following proper safety procedures
can keep you alive. Wearing proper
gear can help protect you and may
even save your life.
What about you? You're a professional
too! Aren't you entitled to protection
on your job?
Your well being and that of your
loved ones 1s up to you. You have
the most control over your own
actions. You have the most to gain.
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Or, you have the most to lose.
Again, remember — your attitude and actions may save someone
from a tragic or fatal poisoning.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider how
1t applies to your job.)
1. While brand names may stay the same, the product
may contain different chemicals.
2. When working with pesticides this year, you will
need to take greater care than you have 1n the
past.
3. Experts like the county extension agent should
always be contacted when you have questions on the-
use of pesticide poisons.
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SAFE PESTICIDE USAGE
Always remember that pesticides
are poisons and can be harmful -•
or even fatal -- If handled care-
lessly or misused.
Safe use of pesticides 1s everyone's responsibility. As the user,
however, you have the major responsibility. This begins the day you
select and buy a pesticide poison and continues until the empty container
has been disposed of properly. Your County Extension Agent can help
you choose the proper pesticide poison for the pest you wish to control,
and also help you decide when to use poison.
Before using any pesticide poison, be sure and read the label care-
fully. The label gives you some idea of the hazards involved. Those
poisons that have "DANGER-POISON" on the front are very poisonous if you
get them on your skin or breathe or eat them,and could kill you. Poisons
that have "CAUTION" on the label could harm you If the poison is eaten or
grossly misused. Labels that have "WARNING" are poisons that are in between
the other two and can be quite hazardous. Follow the instructions for
mixing, handling, and applying. Be sure ~ don't guess.
THE FOLLOWING SAFETY GUIDES WILL HELP
1. Always read and follow the label instructions before using
a poison.
2. Use pesticide poisons only for the purposes given on the label.
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3. Keep pesticide poisons 1n the original labeled container
and store 1n a locked, well-ventilated building. (Don't
Poison Your Children!)
4. Keep poison application equipment 1n good repair and
adjust carefully to help ensure proper dosage.
5. Mix pesticide poisons carefully, keep, off your skin and
avoid breathing dust or fumes.
6. If you get pesticide poison on your skin or clothing,
Immediately remove the clothing and take an all-over bath
(wash your head) using plenty of soap and water.
7. During application, stay out of the spray drift. Don't
apply when wind 1s high. Keep people and livestock away
from spray area.
8. Have someone keep an eye on you when you apply dangerous
pesticides.
9. When you finish the job, wash Immediately with soap and
water — DO NOT smoke, eat, or drink without washing first.
10. Do not Immediately re-enter poisoned fields, or permit
other people to do so without protective equipment. Also,
keep livestock out.
11. Never allow children to play around treated fields or pesti
cide poison mixing, storage, and disposal areas.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. The major responsibility for safe pesticide poison
usage rests with the user.
2. Your responsibility for safe pesticide usage begins
when you select and buy a pesticide and ends when
the empty container 1s disposed of properly,
3. Specific or exact Information on pesticide usage
can be obtained from your county extension agent,
dealer, or chemical salesmen.
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Safe Transport of Pesticides
Transporting pesticide poisons
car result in broken containers
and spills unless care is
taken.
1. When transporting pesticide poisons to your farm don't carry
them near your groceries. You could poison your food.
2. Don't carry your pesticide poisons with feed or mash for
livestock. You could get them mixed up and kill the
livestock.
3. Don't allow children to ride near poisons. A spill
could result in injury or death.
4. Place poison containers so they do not shift, roll
around or bounce while they are being hauled.
5. If any pesticide poison is spilled, clean it up immediately,
being careful to not get any on your skin or clothinq.
6. Do not carry poisons inside your truck cab or car.
Pesticide poisons spilled on seat covers are very hard
to remove.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. Careless transportation of pesticide poisons can
result 1n poisoning ycrur food and feed.
2. Keep pesticide poison containers from moving about
when hauling.
3. Pesticide poisons should not be carried Inside the
truck cab or car.
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SAFE STORAGE OF PESTICIDES
KEEP
@m
POISON®
Improper storage Increases
the possibility of Injury to
children and livestock.
THESE SAFE PROCEDURES WILL HELP REDUCE HAZARDS
Storage
1. Store all pesticide poisons in a well-ventilated, locked building,
Packages that are likely to be damaged by dampness should
be kept off the floor.
2. Poisons should be'kept 1n tightly closed, original con-
tainers. The label gives Information needed in case of
accidents. Deaths -have resulted from children drinking
pesticides stored in coke or milk bottles.
4. Do not store clothing, respirators, lunches, cigarettes,
or drinks with pesticide poisons. They may pick up poisonous
fumes or dusts or soak up spilled poisons.
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5. Keep soap and plenty of water handy. Seconds count
when washing poisons from your skin.
/
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
it applies to your job)
1. The storage area must be kept locked.
2. The original container has safety information
needed in case of accidents.
3. Children should be kept out of places where
pesticide poisons are stored.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Protective clothing and safety equipment
will help to keep you from being
poisoned.
The type of protective clothing and equipment needed depends
on the job being done and the type of poison being used. Many pesticide
poisons are more apt to enter the body through the skin than any other way.
Protection During Application
1. Clean clothing ~ long sleeves, full skin covercge, closed
at neck, wrists and pant legs outside boots.
2. Waterproof gloves with long, tight-fitting wrists.
3. Hide-brimmed hat.
4. Waterproof boots (no canvas or leather shoes).
Protection During Mixing
1. Clean clothing — long sleeves, full skin coverage, closed
at neck and wrists and pants legs outside boots.
2. Waterproof gloves with long, tight-fitting wrists.
3. Wide-brimmed hat.
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4. Waterproof boots.
5. Approved respirator with the right cartridge, when
mixing dust or wettable powder (wp).
6. Safety goggles.
7. .Rubber or plastic apron.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. Always wash clothing after each day's use. The body can
absorb pesticide poisons from contaminated clothing if reworn
before washing.
2. Always wash boots and gloves after each use.
3. Change filters 1n cartridge-type respirators after eight
hours use or sooner 1f breathing becomes difficult or if pesticide
poison Odor can be detected when mask 1s properly worn.
4. It's your choice — sickness or death — if no protective
measures are taken.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. Protective clothing and equipment needed depends
on the job you are doing.
2. It 1s dangerous to wear clothing that has not
been washed since you last used poisons.
3. Gloves and boots must be washed with soap and
water after each poison application.
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SAFE MIXING PROCEDURES
The greatest danger to you is when
you mix the poison. You must be
very careful not to breathe the
poison, get 1t on your skin, or
in your eyes.
Mixing Poisons Properly
1. Protect your skin —
a. Wear a long-sleeve shirt and long pants.
b. Button shirts at neck and wrists.
c. Wear a w1de-brimmed hat.
d. Wear waterproof boots.
e. Wear waterproof gloves that fit around wrists.
f. Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes.
g. Wear a plastic or rubber apron.
2. To keep from breathing the dust when mixing dust or
wettable powder (wp) wear an approved respirator.
3. To mix, put water In the spray tank until 1t 1s about
half-full.
4. Measure the amount of poison needed and slowly pour it
Into the spray tank. Be very careful -- Do not spill
or splash. NOTE* Put the measuring cup 1n a larger
container so that 1f It runs over, the poison will not
spill on the ground.
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5. Always stand with your head well above the fill hole
of the spray tank when mixing to keep from splashing
1t on your face and eyes. Keep the wind from blowing any
of the poison on you.
6. Rinse the measuring cup three times with about one-half
cup of water and pour Into spray tank.
7. If you use the whole can of poison, rinse the empty can
three times with about one-half can of water and carefully
pour Into the spray tank.
8. Carefully fill the spray tank with the amount of water you
need. Do not run 1t over.
9. Pi't all poison cans and bags back 1n the sotrage building and
lock 1t.
10. Always have someone with you. In case of an accident,
they can assist you.
12. If you spill some of the poison —
a. Remove poisoned clothing.
b. Wash yourself with soap and water.
c. Clean up poison spilled on the ground or equipment.
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WHAT 00 YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. Mixing the poison 1s the most dangerous part of
your job.
2. Mixing must be done carefully so that you do not
splash poison on your skin or equipment.
3. Poison must be removed Immediately from you,
your equipment and the area 1f the poison 1s
spilled.
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APPLICATION PROCEDURES
You are the only one who can keep
yourself safe when you are applying
poisons. Work safely. Know the
dangers of the poisons you are using
and how to keep yourself from being
poisoned.
Keep These Points 1n Mind
1. Don't apply poisons more often than they are needed. Look at
the plants to see 1f there are enough insects to make it worth
your time and money to apply poison. Wait until poison is
neflded. Your County Extension Agent can advise you on timing
of poison applications.
2. Read all labels for every pesticide poison you use. Don't rely
on your memory.
3. Wear clean clothing every day.
4. Do not carry food, cigarettes, or smoking equipment in your
pockets when you are applying poison.
5. Never smoke, eat, or drink while applying pesticide poisons.
6. Change your work clothing after leaving the field, Bathe
and change clothing before doing other chores. (Don't
forget to wash your head and hair.)
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7. Wash your skin Immediately with soap and water if you
spill pesticides on your skin or clothing.
8. If you splash poison 1n your eyes, flush them with plenty
of clear water.
9. Keep trouser legs outside of your boots.
10. When you apply highly-toxic pesticide poisons, have
someone keep an eye on you.
11. Keep out of the spray drift.
12. Carry a can of water, soap, and paper towels on the
spray rig 1n a box protected from the poison.
OTHER SAFEGUARDS
1. Don't apply pesticide poisons when the wind Is so strong
that the spray could blow into the next field.
2. Use pesticide poisons only for the purposes given on the
label. Never use field poisons 1n and around your house.
3. If you are poisoned, take the pesticide poison container
with you when you go to the doctor or hospital.
4. Use care when washing clothing with poisons on them. Don't
wash them with other clothes.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
1t applies)
1. Keep your skin covered when applying pesticides.
2. Having someone keep an eye on you 1s a good Idea
when applying pesticides.
3. Reading the >.oel each time you use a poison 1s a
—VS2 b£-ause It tells you the safety measures
IOW*
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RE-ENTRY PRECAUTIONS
POISON
KELP
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.- e
Re-entry means going back Into a
field after 1t has been poisoned.
Going back too soon could harm you.
It 1s Important that you understand
when and how 1t can be done safety.
THE FOLLOWING POINTS WILL HELP PROTECT YOU
Safe re-entry period — the time 1n days that you must wait
between poisoning and re-entering the field.
Re-entering — Do not re-enter the field or permit others
to do so for several days after poisoning. Read the label
or ask your County Extension Agent what the safe re-entry
period Is.
Plan your work so that you will not have to go back Into the
field before It 1s safe.
IF IT IS NECESSARY TO RE-ENTER THE FIELD SOONER THAN THE
RECOMMENDED DAYS, YOU MUST —
1. Wear a long-sleeve shirt and long pants.
2. Button shirt at nock and wrists.
3. Wear a wide-brimmed hat.
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4. Wear waterproof boots with pants legs outside
the boots.
5. Wear waterproof gloves with shirt sleeves over
the glove wristbands.
6. Wear an approved respirator and safety goggles.
7. Change your clothes and take an all-over bath
with soap and water as soon as you get out of
the field. (Don't forget to wash your head and hair.)
8. Wash your boots and gloves with soap and water.
9. Wash your clothes before wearing them again. (DO
NOT WASH THESE CLOTHES WITH OTHER CLOTHES)
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider how
it applies to your job)
1. Re-entry times are Important to some people,
especially you.
2. Use of proper protective equipment will allow
you to safely re-enter poisoned fields.
3. Re-entry times are different for many poisons
and depend on the crop or areas used.
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CLEANING UP AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
Keep the storage building clean
and in good order -- good house-
keeping -- a place for everything
and everything in its place.
THESE POINTS CAN IMPROVE YOUR OPERATIONS
1. Make certain that plenty of soap and water are available
so that you or any worker can inmediately wash off spilled
pesticide poisons.
2. Watch for leaky containers, damp spots on the floor, and
loose caps or bungs. Correct any of these dangerous
conditions immediately.
3. Have supplies such as common household detergents, lime,
and sawdust handy for cleaning up spills.
4. Dispose of empty pesticide poison containers. Don't keep
them lying around.
5. Keep protective clothing and safety equipment such as
waterproof gloves, boots, jackets, trousers, aprons, hats,
gc-jgles and respirators handy to use during cleanup and
emergency situations Involving pesticide poisons.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. Good housekeeping 1s needed for pesticide safety.
2. Supplies should be on hand for cleaning up
spills.
3. Protective clothing and safety equipment should
always be used on clean-up jobs.
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PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Safe disposal of waste pesticide poisons
and empty containers 1s a big part
of your job.
FOLLOW THESE RULES TO MINIMIZE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
1. Buy only the amount of poison you need for the season.
2. Mix only as much pesticide poison as you need for a particular job.
If you mix too much, 1t 1s better t& go ahead and apply all
of 1t to the crop you are spraying. Dp not dump 1t on the
ground.
3. Rinse the empty container three times with about one-half
the container of water and pour the Hnse Into your spray
tank.
4. After rinsing, containers can be punctured, crushed or
broken and burled 18 Inches deep 1n a well-drained location
away from streams and water supply. Ask your County
Extension Agent what to do with waste pesticide poisons.
5. Store leftover pestlclue.poisons until the following year 1n
your locked storage building.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement, Consider how
1t applies to your job)
1. Empty pesticide poison containers can be disposed of
safely after rinsing and draining them three
. times with the right amount of water.
2. Empty pesticide poison containers should never be
used for storage of feed or food, raft or pier
floats, or watering troughs.
3. It 1s cheaper and safer to buy only enough poison
for one season.
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PESTICIDE POISONING SIGNS AND
WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT
The signs of pesticide poisoning
may resemble fatigue or other
common condition or Illness.
However, you can protect your-
self by knowing and being alert
to the early warning signs of
poisoning.
LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS OF SICKNESS
IF YOU FEEL SICK — GO TO YOUR DOCTOR
Headaches - dizzy spells - nervousness
Sudden weakness - sick stomach - cramps
Vomiting - diarrhea - heavy sweating
Watery eyes - salivating - skin rash
Breathing difficulty - fits - coma
WAYS YOU CAN BE POISONED ~ HOW TO PREVENT IT
Toxic chemicals may enter the body 1n three ways. They are listed
below along with preventive measures and what to do about it.
1. Through the skin — Use protective equipment to keep chemicals
off the skin. If you get some on you, Immediately wash all
contaminated skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. Also
change clothing. If you get some 1n your eyes, rinse
thoroughly with clear water.
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2. Swallowing — Wash hands and face thoroughly before
eating, drinking and smoking. If poisons are splashed
Into mouth, rinse out with plenty of water and go to
the doctor Immediately. If poison 1s swallowed, give
one tablespoon (1/2 ounce) of syrup of Ipecac. Do not
wait for vomiting. Immediately go to physician. If you
do not have syrup of Ipecac, use one tablespoon of salt
1n a half glass of water. Go Immediately to physician.
Do not wait for vomiting - Do not give anymore salt water.
3. Breathing — Use approved protective equipment. Wash
respirators with soap and water after each use and change
filter cartridges and cannlsters every day or more often
1f you can smell the pesticide poisons.
OTHER RECCOMMENDED ACTIONS
When poisoning 1s suspected, take these steps:
1. Describe signs to your doctor (or veterinarian when
animals are Involved) as well as possible. Take the
pesticide poison container with you to your doctor's
office.
2. Report poisonings to county extension agent.
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3. Be prepared. Have soap and water readily available
where poisons are being used. Update listing and
telephone numbers of your doctor* poison control centers
and other helpful sources.
4.. Let doctor know what poison you plan to use ahead of time.
5. Be prepared to give artificial respiration 1f victim
stops breathing.
WHAT- DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider
howltiapplies to your job)
1. Poisoning symptoms resemble other Illnesses.
2. You may save your own life by knowing how you
feel when poisoned and knowing what to do
about 1t.
3. Immediate action on your part, based on prior
knowledge, can be extremely helpful 1n the
event of a poisoning.
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR SPILLS AND FIRE
Poison spills and fires present
a special hazard to you and to the
environment because they occur as
uncontrolled events. You must
take action — use good procedures
and proper equipment to bring the
situation back Into control. Stay
ready — have a plan that will keep
you ahead.
WHEN A SPILL OCCURS
ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS
1. Was anyone poisoned?
2. What poison and how much was spilled?
3. Do you already have a plan for cleaning 1t up?
4. 'Do you need someone else to help?
5. Did other materials get poison spilled on them.
PLAN OF ACTION
1. If someone was poisoned, see to 1t that they wash up or
rinse off Immediately -- then get them to a doctor.
2. Take the steps that allow you to clean up the poison
with the least harm to you, or to those who are helping you.
Don't poison other materials or the environment.
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3. Make sure that only those who are helping in the clean-
up are allowed 1n the contaminated area.
4. Provide .those who are helping you with protective cloth-
Ing like waterproof gloves, clothes and footwear. In
some cases,; respirators and other equipment may be neces-
sary.
5. Use cat Utter or clay, sawdust, soda ash or an absorbent
cleaning compound to soak up the spilled poison.
6. Sweep and shovel all the contaminated material Into a
fiber container.
7. Cover the container.
8. Wash the contaminated area with a full-strength liquid
chlorine bleach solution. Use a long-handled brush or
broom. (Don't forget to dispose properly of clean-up
equipment too when the operation is completed.)
9. Thoroughly flush the poisoned area with water. If the
poisoned area 1s made of wood it may be difficult to
remove the odor. , Replacement 1s recommended.
10. Dispose of the container by burning It 1n a commercial
Incinerator.used for that purpose or bury it in soil at
least 18 inches under the surface. Make sure that it
1s not placed,In the groundwater. Consult with your
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county extension agent who can advise you further when
the above procedures are not practical.
11. Insure against the contamination of streams or ponds
that serve as sources of drinking water supplies for
people or animals.
PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE
1. Inform fireman that poisonous materials are Involved.
2. Many pesticide poisons also pose the hazard of exploding
when 1n a fire.
3. Use foam, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide to fight pesticide
fires. Water sprays should be discouraged because they
will spread the contaminated area. Use water in the
absence of other fire-fighting coolants.
4. Keep upwind and out of the smoke as much as possible unless
you use a respirator and protective equipment.
5. Warn people who are downwind that poisonous materials are
Involved. Evacuation may become necessary.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (Read each statement. Consider how
it applies and how you would answer.)
1. Spills cause emergencies that can be brought back
Into control through sound practices.
2. In emergencies planning ahead can help reduce hazards
and may also save time.
3. Fires can pose special hazards and must be dealt with
in a special manner.
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APPENDIX A
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1. Regional Administrators, Region Offices, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency
2. County Extension Agent
3. State Department of Agriculture
4. State Health Department
5. Poison Control Centers
6. Local fire, health, police agencies
7. Local or area Pesticide Dealers or Manufacturers
8. Local physicians and veterinarians
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