JPA-908/4-77-005
July 1977
PRELIMINARY GUIDANCE
FOR
ESTIMATING EROSION ON AREAS DISTURBED
BY
SURFACE MINING ACTIVITIES
IN THE
INTERIOR WESTERN UNITED STATES
INTERIM FINAL REPORT
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
-------
EPA-908/4-77-005
July 1977
PRELIMINARY GUIDANCE
FOR
ESTIMATING EROSION ON AREAS DISTURBED
BY
SURFACE MINING ACTIVITIES
IN THE
INTERIOR WESTERN UNITED STATES
INTERIM FINAL REPORT
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII
Office of Energy Activities
Denver, Colorado
By:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
-------
REVIEW NOTICE
This report was prepared for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service, Denver, Colorado, under Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D6-F154. This report has been reviewed by
the Region Vin Office of Energy Activities, EPA, and approved for publication in interim final form. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
A field investigative phase by the Soil Conservation Service will follow this preliminary guidance effort.
FOREWORD
This publication describes the appliction of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to the task of estimating sheet and rill
erosion from lands of the Interior Western United States that have been or may be disturbed by surface mining.
This work has been accomplished under an interagency agreement, EPA-IAG-D6-F071, between the Soil Conservation
Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Office of Energy Activities. Mr. Arnold D. King, State
Conservation Agronomist, and Mr. Tommie J. Holder, State Soil Scientist, both members of the Soil Conservation Service
staff, directed and performed the work in preparation of this document. Mr. Dan Kimball and Mr. Gary Parker of the EPA were
project officers for this study.
Acknowledgment is given to the personnel of the respective State Soil Conservation Service offices who provided valuable
assistance during the data development phase of this project and to Ms. Shirley Lindsay of the EPA, Office of Energy Activities
for her critical review and recommended changes.
ABSTRACT
Increasing demands are being placed on the coal resources of the Interior Western United States. This publication provides
guidance on use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to predict water-related erosion on areas distributed by surface
mining activities. The information should prove to be useful in developing and evaluating mining plans, as well as in evaluating
the environmental impacts of various surface mining projects.
The USLE is a method of estimating soil loss from sheet and rill erosion as a function of rainfall intensity, soil credibility,
length/percent slope, vegetative protection and erosion control practices (contour tillage and stripcripping).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 History of the Soil Loss Equation 1
3.0 The Universal Soil Loss Equation 2
3.1 The Rainfall Factor "R" 2
3.2 The Soil Erodibility Factor "K" 4
3.3 Factors for Slope Length "L" and Gradient "S" 6
3.4 Cover or Crop Management Factor "C" 8
3.5 The Erosion Control Practice Factor "P" 11
4.0 Uses and Limitations of the USLE 12
5.0 Soil Loss vs. Sediment Yield 12
6.0 Application of the USLE , 13
6.1 Developing an Erosion Study 13
6.2 Determining Erosion Factors 13
6.3 Predicting Soil Loss 14
7.0 Glossary 24
8.0 Bibliography 26
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Map Showing Average Values of Factor "R" (See envelope inside back cover) 28
Figure 2 Erosion Index Distribution Curve 3
Figure 3 Nomograph for Determining Soil Erodibility Factor "K" 5
Figure 4 Approximate Original Topography 6
Figure 5 Vegetative Cover 9
Figure 6 Surface Mined Land Reclaimed for Cropland 11
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Values of the Topographic Factor "LS" 7
Table 2 Crop Management Factor "C" for Cropland g
Table 3 Factor "C" for Woodland 9
Table 4 Factor "C" for Permanent Pasture and Rangeland 10
Table 5 Factor "C" for Various Quantities of Mulch 10
Table 6 Determining Factor "P" 11
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LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Soil Map 17
Exhibit 2 Erosion Factor Map Pre-Mining 18
Exhibit 3 Erosion Factor Map Post-Mining 19
Exhibit 4 Erosion Calculations Pre-Mining 20
Exhibit 5 Erosion Calculations Post-Mining 21
Exhibit 6 Factor Influence Calculations 22
Exhibit 7 Erosion Calculations Reclamation in Progress 23
APPENDICES
Appendix A Factors "K" and "T" A-l
Appendix B SCS Offices in Interior Western Coal Resources Areas B-l
Appendix C Comments C-1
in
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Section 1.0
INTRODUCTION
Surface mining activity in the Interior Western U.S. is
increasing due to the energy demands of the Nation. As
disruption of surface lands increase, a tool is needed to
evaluate alternative mitigating measures needed in reclama-
tion of disturbed areas. This publication is directed toward
application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) on
surface mined lands and is an effort to provide guidance to
those responsible for evaluating erosion control practices
included in mine reclamation plans. Erosion and sedimenta-
tion are environmental impacts that can be mitigated through
proper planning and implementation of conservation prac-
tices on disturbed areas.
The USLE is a tool developed initially for use in
evaluating conservation practices on the Nation's croplands.
Recent developments in the soil loss equation have made it a
potentially valuable tool for planning conservation practices
on disturbed areas resulting from construction and surface
mining activities. It is an empirical formula based on many
years of experience and research. The information gained by
application of the USLE can be used as a basis for comparing
alternative conservation practices used in reclamation plan-
ning.
Section 2.0
HISTORY OF THE SOIL LOSS EQUATION
An equation that related soil loss to length and percent
of slope was published in 1940. This equation utilized all
available rainfall data and was based upon the erosion data
then available in the United States. It is usually considered
the pioneering effort to put soil conservation practices for
cropland on a firm, quantitative basis.
Factors were developed to express the influences of
cropping and conservation practices on certain soils of the
Midwest during 1941. This became known as the Corn Belt
equation. Between 1941 and 1946, further improvements
were made in the equation for use throughout Iowa by adding
factors to express the influence of soil type and quality of
management of soil loss. Continuing research and opera-
tional conservationists of the Soil Conservation Service, in
eight northcentral states, led to the development of the sys-
tem referred to as "slope practice for use in farm planning"
(ARS, 1966).
In 1946, a nationwide committee on soil loss prediction
met in Ohio for the purpose of adapting the Com Belt equa-
tion to other cropland areas with erosion problems. This
committee reappraised the Corn Belt factor values and added
a rainfall factor. The resulting formula, generally known as
the Musgrave equation, has been widely used for estimating
gross erosion from watersheds in flood abatement programs.
A graphical solution of the equation was published in 1952
and was used by the Soil Conservation Service in the north-
eastern states (Lloyd, et al. 1952).
An improved soil loss equation, developed in the late
1950's, overcame many of the limitations of the earlier
equations. The improved equation was developed at the
Runoff and Soil Loss Data Center of the Agricultural Re-
search Service, Purdue University. Most of the basic runoff
and soil loss data obtained in studies in the United States
since 1930 were assembled at this location for summarization
and further analyses. These analyses resulting in several
major improvements that were incorporated in the new soil
loss equation (Wischmeier, et al. 1971).
Wischmeier's work in developing simplified relation-
ships of soil characteristics for estimating the soil credibility
factor (or "K" value) was a major breakthrough and allowed
widespread use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).
These relationships, addressed in Section 3.2 and on Figure 3
of this publication, have lifted many of the previous restric-
tions of the USLE.
The USLE has generally been limited until recently to
use on croplands of the eastern United States. It is now
potentially useful as a technique for estimating soil loss from
lands of the Interior Western U.S. disturbed by mining and
construction activities.
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Section 3.0
THE UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empiri-
cally developed formula historically used to estimate soil loss
on agricultural lands.
The soil loss equation isA = RKLSCP, where:
A is the computed soil loss expressed in tons/acre/year.
R, the rainfall factor, is the number of erosion index
units in a normal year's rain. The erosion index is a
measure of the erosive force of specific rainfall.
K, the soil erodibility factor, is the erosion rate per unit
of erosion index for a specific soil in cultivated
continuous fallow, on a nine percent slope, 72.6
feet long. The reasons for specifying these condi-
tions as unit values are presented in Section 3.2, the
detailed discussion of this factor.
L, the slope length factor, is the ratio of soil loss from
the field slope length to that from a 72.6 foot length
on the same soil type and gradient.
S, the slope gradient factor, is the ratio of soil loss
from the field gradient to that from a nine percent
slope.
C, the cover or cropping management factor, is the
ratio of soil loss from a field with specified cropping
and management to that from the fallow condition
on which the factor K is evaluated.
P, the erosion control practice factor, is the ratio of soil
loss under specified soil management practices, to
that with straight rows, up and down the slope.
Numerical values for each of the six factors have been
determined from field experience and research data. These
values differ from one field or locality to another. The
approximate numerical values of the erosion factors can be
obtained from the tables and figures presented in this report.
Ongoing and future investigations will establish and
verify numerical values for the above factors with respect to
lands disturbed by surface mining in the Interior Western
U.S.
Section 6.0, "Application of the USLE," illustrates
how to select applicable values from the tables and charts,
and how to predict soil loss before, during and after reclama-
tion. Assistance in the application of the USLE can be
obtained at the SCS offices listed in Appendix B.
3.1 THE RAINFALL FACTOR " R"
The energy of moving water detaches soil and causes
erosion. The rainfall factor "R" is a measurement of the
kinetic energy of the expected rainstorms of a specific geo-
graphical area. Locationalvalues of the rainfall factor "R"
can be taken directly from the map titled "Average Annual
Values of the Rainfall Factor 'R' ", Figure 1. The informa-
tion presented in this figure was developed using rainfall data
furnished by the National Weather Bureau and a conversion
chart from Soil Conservation Service Technical Note No. 32
(Brooks, et al. 1974).
The values of the factor "R" were computed from
rainfall data expressed in tenths of inches received from a
two-year frequency, six-hour duration rainstorm. The data
was converted to factor "R" by use of a modification curve
to better conform to specific climatic characteristics occur-
ring in various area(s). The iso-erodents, or "R" factors, in
the mountainous states west of the 104th meridian are not as
accurate as data developed in the eastern states because of the
highly localized rainfall patterns in the mountain regions
(Wischmeier, 1974). There simply are not enough weather
monitoring stations in the mountainous regions to record
adequate rainfall information. However, most of the western
coal resources are located in areas where the iso-erodent
information is relatively accurate for the long term average.
Other parameters of factor "R" include rainfall prob-
abilities expressed in terms of percentage and soil loss from
individual storms. However, this information has been de-
veloped for only a few locations, most of which are in the
eastern states (Wischmeier, et al. 1965). Additional efforts
are needed in developing this climatic data for the Interior
Western states. If and when this rainfall information be-
comes available, it can be used in the Universal Soil Loss
Equation.
It should be understood that "R" factors presented in
Figure 1 are based on long term average precipitation re-
cords. Therefore, the accuracy of soil loss predictions de-
pends upon how close the actual precipitation events match
the yearly averages.
The use of an erosion index distribution curve that
represents a given area permits factor "R" to be modified to
indicate the number of erosion units for any period of time
within a year. This concept makes it possible to estimate
erosion for periods of less than twelve months during the
year. Figure 2 illustrates how this concept can be used.
The precedure for developing erosion index distribution
curves is thoroughly discussed in SCS Technical Note 32
(Brooks, et al. 1974). Erosion index distribution curves that
represent specific areas of a state are available through the
Soil Conservation Service state offices listed in Appendix B.
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X
W
Q
£
I-H
z
Q
en
O
3
p
ID
I
FIGURE 2
Erosion Index Distribution Curve
for Computing Factor "R" for Less than 12 Months
100
80
60
40
20
0
i n,rinlt.v
Western
Colorado
1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1
DATE
Example
Earth work will be completed on a project area on or about June 1st. It is estimated that mulching and seeding will be
accomplished by October 15th. What will be the adjusted "R" factor during this stage of reclamation given R=30?
Factor " R" will be adjusted to indicate only the Erosion Index (El) units that occur during the period from June 1 to October
15th. This is accomplished as follows:
Determine the percent of annual El at each date. June 1 %EI=65
October %EI=98
The difference, (98-65=) 33, indicates 33% of the annual "R" factor occurs during the specified time period.
Determine the adjusted "R" factor R(Adjusted)=,33R=.33(30)=9.9
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3.2 THE SOIL ERODIBILITY FACTOR "K"
The rate of soil erosion on any area is usually influenced
more by land slope, rainstorms characteristics, cover, and
management than by properties of the soil itself. Some soils,
however, erode more readily than others even when slope,
rainfall, cover and management are the same. This differ-
ence is due to properties of the soil itself and is referred to as
the soil credibility.
Soil properties that influence erodibility by water are
those that affect the infiltration rate, permeability, and total
water holding capacity, and those that resist the dispersion,
splashing, abrasion, and transporting forces of the rainfall
and runoff. A number of attempts have been made to deter-
mine criteria for scientific classification of soils according to
erodibility. Generally, however, soil classification used for
erosion prediction have been largely subjective and have
only relative rankings.
The relative erodibility of different soils is difficult to
judge from field observations. Even a soil with a relative low
erodibility factor may slow signs of serious erosion when the
soil occurs on long or steep slopes or in localities having
numerous high-intensity rainstorms. On the other hand, a
soil with a high natural erodibility factor may show little
evidence of actual erosion under gentle rainfall when it
occurs on short and gentle slopes or when the best possible
management is practiced (Wischmeier, et al. 1965).
Until recently, the lack of a simplified method to deter-
mine the erodibility of any given soil without actual soil loss
measurements has created problems in determining "K"
values. Although soil loss on different sites may vary more
than tenfold just because of basic soil differences, the erodi-
bility factor has been directly measured for only a few soils.
A new method was developed under the leadership of W. H.
Wischmeier, of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture. The use of a relatively simple
nomograph (Figure 3) is of great value in determining "K"
values, and thus, in planning conservation practices on se-
verely disturbed areas (Wischmeier, et al. 1971).
As shown in the nomograph, five soil parameters are
necessary to predict soil erodibility. These consist of percent
silt plus very fine sand, percent sand greater than 0.10 mil-
limeter, organic matter con tent, soil structure and permeabil-
ity.
Soil erodibility generally tends to increase with greater
silt content and decrease with greater sand, clay, and organic
matter content. Early studies concluded that within a range
from 0 to 4 percent organic matter, soil erodibility tends to
decrease appreciably as organic matter increase and mag-
nitude of change is related to soil texture (Wischmeier, et al.
1969). The effects of organic matter is excess of 4.0 percent
has not yet been determined.
The soil structure parameter reflects average relation-
ships between structure type and size. There are indications
that the magnitude of these relationships may be influenced
by structure strength and soil pH, but these affects are appa-
rently too small to be concerned with in-field application
(Wischmeier, et al. 1971).
The relative permeability classes coded on the nomo-
graph refer to the soil profile as a whole. Usually these can be
determined from routine profile descriptions. The control-
ling soil layer most often is below the surface layer. Includ-
ing the permeability parameter should not necessitate
laboratory determinations because general permeability clas-
sification guides are given in the USDA Soil Survey Manual
(USDA Soil Survey Staff, 1951).
The procedure for using the soil erodibility nomograph
is shown on Figure 3. For many agricultural soils having a
fine granular structure and moderate permeability, the value
of "K" can be read directly from the first approximation of
"K" scale on the right hand edge of the first section of the
nomograph, and the procedure can terminate there (Wis-
chmeier, etal. 1971). However, for purposes of determining
"K" factors on lands disturbed by surface mining, it will
ordinarily be necessary to continue the procedure through the
structure and permeability curves.
Soil scientists with the Soil Conservation Service have
determined "K" factors for all established soil series in the
states included in this publication. Refer to Appendix A to
determine factor "K" for a given soil.
Soil profiles that have been moved, mixed, or otherwise
distributed are expected to experience a change in erodibility
(i.e., "K" value). However, the magnitude of a change in
"K" and varying relationships with time have not been
quantified. Even in cases where topsoil is preserved and
replaced, there may be changes in "K" values, due primarily
to structural changes. Future research efforts will be directed
toward studying the parameters of disturbed soils as they
relate to soil erodibility.
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I- vtry tin* jronulor
2-lin* gronulor
3-mid or coon* gronulor
4-blocky, ploly, or motlivt)
SOIL STRUCTURE
PERMEABILITY
PERCENT SAND
(0.10-2.Omm)
6- v*ry slow
5- tlo«
4- tlox to mod.
3- modtrott
2- mod. to rapid
- rapid
PROCEDURE: U1th appropriate data, enter scale at left and proceed to points representing
the soil's 1 sand (0.10-2.0 n»), I organic matter, structure, and pemeabl11ty, In that sequence
Interpolate oetween plotted curves. The dotted line Illustrates procedure for a soil having:
sltvfs 651. sand 51, OH 2.81. structure 2. perneablllty 4. Solution: K • 0.31.
Figure 3. Nomograph for Determining Soil Erodibility—Factor "K'
Wischmeier, et al, 1971
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3.3 FACTORS FOR SLOPE LENGTH "L" AND
GRADIENT "S"
Soil erosion by overland flow of water is significantly
affected by both slope length and percent slope. For con-
venience and use in the field, the factors have been combined
into a single factor expressed as "LS" (Wischmeier, 1974).
The factor "LS" is the expected ratio of soil loss per
unit area on a field slope to corresponding loss from the basic
nine percent slope, 72.6 feet long. Notice in Table 1 that by
interpolation a nine percent slope 72.6 feet long has an "LS"
factor of 1.0.
The "LS" factor for gradients up to 60% and slope
lengths up to 2000 feet can be obtained from the slope effect
chart (Table 1). Research supports values up to 20% slope
and about 400 feet lengths. Values of "LS" beyond these
limits are extrapolations beyond the range of field research.
Slopes occurring on areas disturbed by mining activities will
rarely exceed 400 foot lengths, but will commonly exceed
20% gradient. Further efforts should be directed toward
research to substantiate "LS" values beyond the range of
400 foot lengths and 20% slopes.
In order to use this guide effectively, it is necessary to
have a good understanding of what constitutes slope length.
It is defined as the distance in feet from the point of origin of
overland flow to either of the following, whichever applies to
the major part of the area:
1. The point where the slope decreases to the extent that
visible deposition begins. The presence of alluvial
fans is a good indication of a significant slope
change.
2. The point where runoff enters an area of concentra-
tion that may be part of a drainage network or a con-
structed channel such as a waterway, terrace, or
diversion (Wischmeier, et al. 1965).
Refer to the slope effects, Table 1, to arrive at the factor
"LS". Forexample, a 30% slope, 90 feet long, would have
an "LS" value of 7.5 by interpolation.
Figure 4: Approximate original topography or contour can
be restored on most surface mined lands. Efforts should be
made to establish acceptable slope lengths and gradients on
restored lands.
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Table 1. Values of the Topographic Factor "LS"
Length
of
Slope (L)
Ft. 0.2
20
40
60
80
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
180
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
2000
.05
.06
.07
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.15
.16
.16
.17
.17
.18
.18
.19
.19
.19
.20
0.3
.05
.07
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.16
.17
.18
.18
.18
.19
.19
.20
.20
.21
.22
0.4
.06
'.07
.08
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.17
.18
.19
.19
.20
.20
.21
.21
.21
.22
.23
0.5
.06
.08
.08
.09
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.18
.19
.20
.20
.21
.21
.22
.22
.23
.23
.24
1.0
.08
.10
.11
.12
.13
.13
.14
.14
.14
.15
.15
.15
.16
.18
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.27
.28
.29
.29
.30
.30
.32
2.0
.12
.15
.17
.19
.20
.21
.21
.22
.22
.23
.23
.24
.25
.28
.31
.33
.34
.36
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.49
3.0
.18
.22
.25
.27
.29
.30
.30
.31
.32
.32
.33
.34
.35
.40
.44
.47
.49
.52
.54
.56
.57
.59
.81
.82
.63
.65
.66
.67
.71
4.0
.21
.28
.33
.37
.40
.42
.43
.44
.46
.47
.48
.51
.53
.62
.70
.76
.82
.87
.92
.96
1.0
1.0
.10
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
Percent Slope (S)
5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
.24
.34
.41
.48
.54
.56
.59
.61
.63
.66
.68
.72
.76
.93
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
.18
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
.30
.43
.52
.60
.67
.71
.74
.77
.80
.82
.85
.90
.95
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
2,2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.0
.44
.63
.77
.89
.99
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
.61
.87
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.1
4.5
4.9
5.'2
5.6
5.9
6.2
6.5
6.8
7.1
7.4
7.6
8.4
12.0
.81
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.6
4.2
4.9
5.4
6.0
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.1
11.1
14.0
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.6
4.5
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.5
8.2
8.8
9.3
9.9
10.4
11.0
11.4
12.0
12.4
12.9
14.1
16.0
1.3
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.4
5.6
6.7
7.6
8.5
9.3
10.1
10.8
11.6
12.2
13.0
13.5
14.1
14.7
14.8
15.9
17.5
18.0
1.6
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.3
6.8
8.0
9.2
10.3
11.3
12.2
13.1
14.0
14.8
15.6
16.4
17.1
17.8
18.5
19.2
2i
20.0
1.8
2.6
3.0
3.6
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
6.0
6.3
8
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
25.0
2.6
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.0
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
12
14
16
16
18
20
22
24
25
27
28
30
31
32
33
36
30.0
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
12
12
16
19
21
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
41
43
44
49
40.0
6
8
10
11
13
14
14
15
15
16
17
18
18
25
30
34
38
41
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
65
68
70
77
50.0
8
11
14
16
18
19
20
20
21
23
24
26
27
35
42
47
53
58
58
67
72
76
80
84 '
88
92
95
97
108
60.0
10
15
18
21
23
25
26
27
29
30
31
33
35
45
54
61
68
75
81
87
93
98
104
109
114
119
123
128
141
Contour limits - 2 percent 400 feet, 8 percent 200 feet, 10 percent 100 feet, 14-24 percent 60 feet.
of contouring beyond these limits is speculative.
The effectiveness
When the length of slope exceeds 400 feet and (or) percent of slope exceeds 24 percent, soil loss estimates are speculative
as these values are beyond the range of research data.
-------
3.4 COVER OR CROP MANAGEMENT FACTOR
"C"
The factor "C" values relate to the effects various
ground covers have on erosion. The basic soil loss is the rate
at which the soil would erode if the field were continuously
clean tilled. The "C" factor in the USLE indicates the
percentage of this potential soil loss that would occur if the
surface were partially protected by some particular combina-
tion of cover and management (Holeman, et al. 1975).
In order to apply the factor "C" to land uses other than
cropland, three zones of influence are considered. These
three influence zones are shown in Tables 3 and 4 and can be
grouped into general categories of canopy cover, weeds or
undecayed organic residue, and sod or decaying organic
matter. Canopy cover, as the name implies, is an overhang-
ing protective cover standing sufficiently above other vegeta-
tive growth as to be readily distinguishable and to provide
shielding from direct rainfall inpingement. Weeds or unde-
cayed organic residue is the vegetative growth, either viable
or dead but undecayed, that provides some protection from
rainfall impact, but does not serve to significantly retard
runoff by holding the water that reaches the surface. Sod or
decaying organic matter is that material directly on the soil
surface and serves to retard rainfall runoff by holding the
water.
Vegetative residue in contact with the soil surface is
extremely effective against erosion (Mannering, 1967). A
thick layer of organic litter is often present under woodland
situations. Therefore, very little erosion occurs unless the
soil has been disturbed or exposed. Croplands often erode
severely because of the soil disturbance necessary for weed
control, seedbed preparation, and planting operations.
Likewise, surface mined areas are generally bare for a period
of time from pre-winter (i.e., before surface freezing) re-
moval of topsoil until mining and from final grading to the
mulching and seeding of regraded and topsoiled areas.
Reclamation plans are ordinarily directed toward re-
habilitating affected lands to a designated land use. Tables 2,
3, and 4 provide guidance for determining "C" factors for
cropland, pastureland, rangeland, and woodland.
Refer to Table 5 to determine factor "C" for various
rates of mulch. It should be noted that two tons of straw
mulch per acre provides approximately the same "C" factor
as 44% ground cover of grass with no appreciable canopy
cover. The mulch material, however, is only temporary and
begins to lose its effectiveness soon after application. The
durability of the mulch depends on the amount of material
applied, quality of material, and method of application.
Various kinds of organic mulch decay at different rates.
Also, the method of application is important due to the high
wind velocities occurring in parts of the Interior Western
United States. Ordinarily, the higher the quantity of mulch
applied, the longer it lasts and the more protection the mulch
provides against erosion; however, if too much is applied, it
has a smothering effect on grass seedlings.
If the post mining land use is recreation or wildlife
habitat, the "C" factor will be selected from the chart that
best describes the vegetative condition of the area.
Table 2. Crop Management Factor "C"
Cropland
Crop Rotations
Winter wheat-fallow
or
Spring wheat-fallow
Continuous spring
or
Winter wheat-
occasional fallow
Residue at
Planting
Ibs/Ac
0
0-500
500-1000
1000-1500
0
0-500
500-100
1000-1500
AZ
.55
.36
.21
.14
.33
.30
.17
.12
CO
.47
.36
.21
.15
.34
.31
.18
.13
"C
MT
.43
.31
.21
.13
.30
.24
.15
.11
" Values/State
NM
.56
.37
.27
.15
.35
.24
.18
.13
ND
.43
.36
.23
.14
.34
.27
.20
.15
SD
.41
.37
.27
.17
.34
.27
.20
.15
WY
.39
.31
.21
.13
.33
.31
.18
.14
UT
.41
.33
.22
.16
.33
.30
.17
.13
For cropping systems not included in this chart, additional information can be obtained through the local Soil Conservation
Service office (see Appendix B).
-------
Table 3. "C" Factors for Woodland
I/
Tree Canopy
1- of Area
100-75
70-40
35-20
If
Forest
Litter
% of Area
100-90
85-75
70-40
3/
Undergrowth
Managed 4/
Unmanaged 4/
Managed
Unmanaged
Managed
Unmanaged
"C"
Factor
001
.003-, Oil
.022-. 004
.01-. 04
.003-. 009
5/
1) When tree canopy is less than 20%, the area will be considered as grassland for estimating soil loss. See Table 4.
2) Forest litter is assumed to be at least two inches deep over the percent ground surface area covered.
3) Undergrowth is defined as shrubs, weeds, grasses, vines, etc., on the surface area not protected by forest litter. Usually
found within canopy openings.
4) Managed—grazing and fires are controlled.
Unmanaged—stands that are overgrazed or subjected to fires from natural causes.
5) For unmanaged woodland with litter cover of less than 75%, C values should be derived by taking 0.7 of the appropriate
values in Table 4. The factor of 0.7 adjusts for the much higher soil organic matter on permanent woodland.
Figure 5: Methodologies for restoring vegetative cover on severely disturbed land are presently being developed and evaluated.
The Interior Western U.S. climate is often the limiting factor.
-------
Table 4. "C" Factors for Permanent Pasture and Rangeland
Vegetative Canopy
Cover That Contacts the Surface I/
Type and Height
of Raised Canopy 2/
No appreciable canopy
Canopy of tall forbs
or short brush
(0.5 m fall ht.)
Appreciable brush
or brushes
(2 m fall ht.)
Trees but no appreciable
low brush
(4 m fall ht.)
Canopy
Cover 3/
25
50
75
25
50
75
25
50
75
Percent Ground Cover
0
G 1.0
W 1.0
G
W
G
W
G
W
G
W
G
W
G
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
W 1.0
G 1.0
W 1.0
G 1.0
W 1.0
G 1.0
10
.45
.45
.36
.36
.26
.26
.17
.17
.40
.40
.34
.34
.28
.28
.42
.42
.39
.39
.36
20
.20
.24
.17
.20
.13
.16
.10
.12
.18
.22
.16
.19
.14
.17
.19
.23
.18
.21
.17
40
.10
.15
.09
.13
.07
.11
.06
.07
.09
.14
.085
.13
.08
.12
.10
.14
.09
.14
.09
60
.042
.090
.038
.082
.035
.075
.031
.067
.040
.085
.038
.081
.036
.077
.041
.087
.040
.085
.039
80 95-100
.013
.043
.012
.041
.012
.039
.011
.038
.013
.042
.012
.041
.012
.040
.013
.042
.013
.042
.012
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
.011
.003
I/ All values shown assume: (1) random distribution of mulch or vegetation, and (2) mulch of appreciable depth where it exists.
2/ Average fall height of waterdrops from canopy to soil surface: m=meters.
3/ Portion of total-area surface that would be hidden from view by canopy in a vertical projection, (a bird's-eye view).
4/ G: Cover at surface is grass, grasslike plants, decaying compacted duff, or litter.
W: Cover at surface is mostly broadleaf herbaceous plants (as weeds with little lateral-root network near the surface, and/or
undecayed residue.)
Table 5. Factor "C" for Various Quantities of Mulch
Mulch—adequately crimped into soil
'C" Factor
bare areas
V4 ton straw
i/2 "
3/4 "
1 "
l'/2 "
•j ti n
3 "
4 " »
mulch
it
it
"
It
If
It
If
per acre
n n
n n
n n
it n
n n
n it
tt n
1.0
.52
.35
.24
.18
.10
.06
.03
.02
10
-------
3.5 THE EROSION CONTROL PRACTICE FAC-
TOR "P"
In conventional application of the USLE, the erosion
control practice factor "P" relates to erosion control on
cropland fields. This would include contour tillage, and
contour stripcropping. Typically, if erosion is being calcu-
lated on land uses other than cropland, the factor "P" will be
1,0, The exception is where physical manipulation of the
land is used such as contour pitting, gouging, or furrowing
during a reclamation process.
When sloping soil is disturbed and exposed to erosive
rains, the protection offered by mulch, sparse grass stands, or
close-growing crops can be supported by practices that will
slow the runoff water and thus reduce the amount of soil it
can carry. The supporting practices include contour tillage
and stripcropping on the contour. The factor "P" in the
erosion equation is the ratio of soil loss with the supporting
practice to the soil loss up-and-downhill culture. Improved
tillage practices, fertility treatments, and greater quantities of
residues left on the area contribute materially to erosion
control and frequently provide the major control in a field.
However, these are considered conservation cropping and
management practices, and the benefits derived from them
are included in the factor "C" (Wischmeier, et al. 1965).
Tillage and planting operations performed on the con-
tour are very effective in reducing erosion from storms of low
to moderate intensity. Storms of high intensity however are
common to many areas of the Interior Western United States,
and contouring provides little protection against such high
intensity rainstorms.
Terracing in combination with contouring is more effec-
tive as an erosion control practice than just contouring and
stripcropping. The beneficial effects of terracing is reflected
in the factor "LS" since the length of slope is directly
affected by terracing. Off-field sediment load is affected by
terracing from both the shorter slope lengths and sediment
storage in the terrace channels. Sediment yield is further
discussed in Section 5.
Contour furrowing and pitting is being evaluated for use
in reclamation plans. These practices demonstrate benefits
from moisture conservation, as well as erosion control (Dol-
Ihopf, etal. 1976). Table 6 gives relative guidance on factor
"P" for erosion control practices related to contouring.
Figure 6: Reclaimed surface mined land can sometimes be
utilized for croplands. Climate often restricts the post-
mining land use to grassland.
Table 6. Determining Factor "P"
Land Slope
%
2.0 to 7
8.0-12
13,0-18
19.0-24
25,0-30
Contouring I/
0.50
0.60
0.80
0,90
1.0
Contour 2/
Furrows or Pits
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.45
0.65
Contour 3/
ditches
(wide spacing)
3/
3/
3/
3/
3
I/ Topsoil spreading, tillage, and seeding on the contour. Contour Limits—2 percent 400 feet, 8 percent 200 feet, 10 percent
100 feet, 14-30 percent 60 feet. The effectiveness of contouring beyond these limits is speculative.
2/ Estimating values for surface manipulation of reclaimed land disturbed by surface mining. Furrows or pits installed on the
contour. Spacing between furrows 40-60 inches with a minimum 6 inch depth. Pits equal or exceed 12 inch width 36 inch
length and 6 inch depth. Pit spacing is dependent on pit size, but generally the pits should occupy 50<7< of the surface area.
V Factor values for this practice are not established.
-------
Section 4.0
LIMITATIONS AND USES OF THE UNIVERSAL
SOIL LOSS EQUATION
The USLE was developed to predict soil loss from
agricultural lands due to sheet and rill erosion. It does not
account for gully erosion, which cannot be predicted by any
known formula. Neither does it predict sediment yield or
stream loading (see Section 5.0).
The USLE has not found wide use to date as a tool for
evaluating the potential and adequacy of proposed surface
mining reclamation activities, but consideration of such ap-
plication is receiving wider acceptance. The USLE can pro-
vide a basis for comparison of the impacts and long-term
productivity of pre-minded land conditions with those pro-
posed for post-mine reclamation. As more information is
acquired and substantiated by investigative efforts, both the
precision and accuracy of the quantitative predictions of soil
loss with respect to Interior Western mine lands will be
established.
A value known as soil loss tolerance, "T", is used as an
indicator of the adequacy of soil resource management prac-
tices on agricultural lands under continuing production con-
ditions. The "T" value is the amount of soil that can be lost
in a year from a particular soil series, while at the same time
supporting sustained long-term agricultural productivity of
that land.
Soil loss tolerances, or "T" factors, are included in
Appendix A for all soil series occurring in the eight-state
area included in this publication. It is thought that "T"
factors may provide some comparative value for estimated
soil loss for a particular soil series on reclaimed mined lands.
However, it must be recognized that "T" factors shown in
Appendix A were developed for use in planning and evaluat-
ing conservation plans on cropland. Most of the areas of land
where this guide applies in the Western United States will be
reclaimed following mining for grazing or wildlife usage. In
addition, such areas will be severely disturbed where mining
takes place, and in many cases, high rates of erosion will
occur on these disturbed areas until permanent cover is estab-
lished. Additional efforts need to be directed toward quan-
tifying "T" factors for both overburden material and top-
soiled areas in conjunction with mined land reclamation.
Until additional guidance is available, the applicability of the
"T" factors shown in Appendix A may be of limited utility.
A potential source of significant error in the accuracy of
soil loss prediction by the USLE is in selecting and assigning
the factor values. The conditions to be evaluated must be
clearly defined.
The accuracy of the USLE when applied to land dis-
turbed by surface mining is dependent upon the relationship
between the assumed factor values and the actual conditions
that determine the factor. The accuracy of the "K" value is
of particular concern. In many instances and for purposes of
sample calculations in this report, the "K" value has been
assumed constant for pre-mining and post-mining condi-
tions. The actual characteristics and the potential changes in
the "K" value with respect to field application are presently
unknowns. Due to severe disturbance of the soil between
pre- and post-mining, some change in the "K" value bet-
ween pre- and post-mining conditions may be variable with
time and continuously change until stable conditions are
established.
Soil, cover, and management conditions may not match
specific guidelines shown in the tables and charts, and inter-
polated values guided by judgment and experience may often
be necessary. Interpolation and assumptions should not
however diminish the usefulness of this publication if the
outputs and conclusions reached are put into proper perspec-
tive. It should be kept in mind that the primary value of the
USLE lies in its ability to compare alternative reclamation
practices quantitatively.
Section 5.0
SOIL LOSS vs. SEDIMENT YIELD
Sediment yield is equivalent to the gross erosion minus
what is deposited en route to a given point. Sediment yield
estimates are needed to evaluate sediment loading to streams
and to determine sediment design requirements for sediment
control structures. The yield of a given area varies with the
changing patterns of precipitation, soil, cover, drainage pat-
terns, topography, and size of the drainage area.
A method of determining sediment yield has been used
for many years by the Soil Conservation Service. The esti-
mate of sediment yield is made by use of the following
equation:
Y=E(DR)
where
Y=sediment yield (tons/unit area/year)
E=gross erosion (tons/unit area/year)
DR= sediment delivery ration (always less than 1)
Gross erosion can be estimated by use of the Universal
Soil Loss Equation. The sediment delivery ratio should be
determined by a sedimentation geologist or engineer. Many
interrelationships of watershed characteristics must be con-
sidered in order to determine accurate sediment delivery
ratios (SCS Engineering Handbook, 1971).
12
-------
Section 6.0
APPLICATION OF THE USLE
The information presented in previous sections of this
publication was developed to provide background informa-
tion on the USLE and provide pertinent data needed to apply
the equation.
This section is devoted to giving an illustrative example
of an erosion study for lands disturbed by surface mining. It
should be noted that the methodology and exhibits shown in
this section of the publication provide general guidance and
examples for illustrative purposes. The guidance is not
meant to imply a specific method or procedure for conduct-
ing an erosion study.
It must be noted that the sample soil loss calculations
presented in this publication are only examples. The pre- and
post-mining land uses specified herein present a hypothetical
situation and do not suggest that specific land productivity
nor reclaimed land use or configuration are attainable and
recommended. A site-specific, demonstration study will fol-
low the effort represented by this publication. This study will
attempt to assess the influences of physical manipulation on
soil loss and investigate the potential change in "K" values
for pre- and post-mining conditions.
6.1 DEVELOPING AN EROSION STUDY
An erosion evaluation project should be carried out with
specific objectives in mind. Soil loss or erosion information
can be of value for a number of purposes. In many cases the
primary purpose may be the evaluation of various alternative
plans or components to plans. For example, it may be of
concern to determine quantitatively the effects diversions or
terraces may have on erosion. If the objective is to determine
off-site sediment yield, additional surveys will be necessary
to arrive at a sediment delivery ratio(s) representative of the
drainage area(s).
Erosion is an environmental impact that should be ad-
dressed in plans involving land disturbance resulting from
surface mining activities. It is possible, by using information
in this publication to predict soil loss for pre-mining condi-
tions and to predict what the soil loss will be at completion of
the reclamation plan, or at any stage during reclamation.
Again, it should be emphasized that the USLE utilizes long-
term average rainfall intensities, and deviation from average
intensity, amount, or distribution will affect the answers
arrived at by use of the USLE. In spite of this restriction, the
USLE is recognized by most conservationists as the best
method available to calculate soil loss from sheet and rill
erosion.
Certain-site specific resource information will be neces-
sary for an erosion study, including soil survey information,
topographic information, vegetative analysis, and climatic
data. Other material may include aerial photography, forms
and procedure for recording erosion factors, and as much
information as possible concerning the planned mining ac-
tivities and reclamation work.
6.2 DETERMINING EROSION FACTORS
To predict the soil loss from a given land area, a value
must be assigned to each of the five factors in the USLE. The
correlation between the chosen factor values and actual site
conditions will determine the accuracy of the soul loss pre-
diction. Values for some of the factors may be taken directly
from the tables, figures, and Appendix A presented in this
report, while values for other factors will require a site survey
and measurement.
Determination of Erosion Factors
Rainfall Factor "R": The "R" factor value can be
taken directly from Figure 1 by selecting the value
assigned to the location of the project area.
Soil Erodibility Factor "K": Determination of the "K"
factor requires that the soil type be known. Soil
type information is acquired through a soil survey.
Exhibit 1 is an example of the mapping output from
such a survey. The various soil types and extent
within the use area boundary are identified by
three-letter codes and mapping units. Having iden-
tified the soil series, the "K" value for each can be
determined from Appendix A. Appendix A lists all
known soil series for the eight Interior Western
states of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New
Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming.
The question of whether the "K" value remains
the same for disturbed and reclaimed lands as for
pre-mining lands remains specifically un-
answered. Follow-up investigations to this publi-
cation hope to address this question, but until such
time and for simplification of this example, the
same pre- and post-mining "K" values will be
used.
Length-Slope Factor "LS": The user of this publication
should be thoroughly familiar with the section dis-
cussing factors "L", "S", and "LS" In most
cases, field investigation and reference to the re-
clamation plan will be necessary to determine the
length and degree of slope. After determining the
"L" and "S", refertoTable 1 forthe "LS" factor
used in the USLE.
Crop Management Factor "C": This factor relates to
vegetative soil protection. Refer to Tables 2,3,4,
or 5, depending on the land use, to determine the
appropriate erosion factor based on information
from field investigation or information contained
in the reclamation plan. Additional information on
cropland "C" factors is available at local SCS
offices (Appendix B) if the planned cropping sys-
tem does not fit one list in Tables 2 through 5.
13
-------
The line intercept methods should be used to de-
termine percent ground cover and canopy cover for
use in Tables 4 and 5. A 100-foot tape that mea-
sures in tenths of feet will permit easy conversion
to percent ground cover and canopy cover. (Can-
field, 1941.)
Control Practice Factor "P": The "P" factor is ordinar-
ily applicable to cropland management systems,
however, research is underway to determine the
effects of contour pitting and furrowing on range-
land and pastureland. A follow-up investigation to
this report will consider the effects of pitting and
furrowing on mine reclaimed lands on the USLE.
Refer to Table 6 to select the appropriate "P"
factor.
6.3 PREDICTING SOIL LOSS
The following represent examples of how the USLE
may be used to predict soil loss on lands which have been or
may be disturbed by surface mining activities. The primary
area of application of the USLE is anticipated to be with
regard to predicting any change in soil loss between the pre-
and post-mining land use conditions. Thus, step-by-step
procedures applicable to the situation are presented below.
It is also conceivable however that soil loss predictions
during active reclamation, i.e., between pre- and post-
mining, may be useful with respect to timing of reclamation
procedures such as mulching, seeding, sedimentation basin
design (assuming a soil loss-sediment yield relationship has
been established), etc., and thus, step-by-step procedures
applicable during this period are also presented.
Pre- and Post-Mining Land Use
Step 1: Develop an erosion factor map of the pre-mining
project area (Exhibit 2). Because topography prob-
ably will change, land use may change, and sub-
strate characteristics may change, a post-mining
erosion factor map is necessary (Exhibit 3). Vari-
ous erosion sub-areas may occur within a single
land use area due to a change in one or more of the
erosion factors. Erosion areas can be delineated by
drainage patterns, land use, or various physical
differences. Field investigation will be necessary to
determine erosion factors for each designated area
or sub-area. A soils map of the area will be neces-
sary in all cases (Exhibit 1).
Step 2: Develop a chart to record the pre-mining condition
erosion factors for each erosion area (Exhibit 4).
Each sub-area/area delineated on the pre-mining
erosion factor map (Exhibit 2) is listed in Exhibit 4,
as are the USLE factors as determined from the soil
survey mapping effort (Exhibit 1) and information
from Tables, Figures and Appendix A presented in
this report. The information in Exhibit 4 is then
tabulated to give the average tons per acre per year
soil loss for each sub-area. Sub-area 1A for exam-
ple:
A= R K LS C P
A = (30) (0.37) (0.25) (0.10) (1);
where the topographic LS factor is determined
from Table 1 by interpolation:
A=0.28 tons per acre per year.
Knowing the number of acres involved, 1,290 for
sub-area 1A, the predicted tons per year soil loss
from sub-area 1A is calculated to be 361.2. The soil
loss from the individual sub-areas/areas can be cal-
culated and summed to yield the total estimated
annual average soil loss from the mine area under
pre-mining conditions. Exhibit 4 shows a total pre-
dicted soil loss of 2,895.8 tons per year from the
mine area under pre-mining conditions. This
should not be mistaken for sediment yield.
Step 3: Using the post-mining erosion factor map (Exhibit
3) a chart (Exhibit 5) similar to Exhibit 4 can be
developed. In the development of this chart, it is
reasonable to assume that some of the USLE factors
will remain constant for both pre- and post-mining
land use conditions. "R" will always remain con-
stant. "K" may remain relatively constant if the
surface soil is redistributed in the approximate vic-
inity where it was removed, but this constancy
cannot be confirmed nor denied with presently
available information. For calculation purposes in
this example a constant pre- and post-mining "K"
value will be assumed. Future investigations will
address this issue. The remaining factors L, S, C,
and P may change depending upon any change in
the post-mining land use and topography variables.
that influence those factors. In this example, and as
shown in the factor values in Exhibit 5, several
changes have been assumed between pre- and
post-mining land use. A summary of changes is
presented below:
Post-Mining
Sub-Areas
1A, IB,
1C, IE
ID
2A, 2B
3A
Assumed Changes
Change in "C" factor—assumes
50% post-mining ground cover den-
sity.
Same as above; plus includes pre-
mining area 3A, Cropland, assum-
ing it is changed to pastureland in-
creasing area by 300 acres.
Change in the "L" factor to 160 as
the result of terracing which is re-
flected in a change in the topo-
graphic "LS" factor. The practice
of contouring is also initiated for
post-mining land use resulting in a
"P" factor of 0.50 (Table 6).
Post-mining land use change to pas-
tureland having the same factors as
area ID and thus is included in ID
for calculation purposes.
14
-------
Step 4: Having established the USLE factors for the post-
mining land use conditions, the predicted soil loss
can be calculated on a tons-per-acre-per-year basis.
Using acreage values, the annual tons per year from
the mine area can then be tabulated (Exhibit 5).
Having calculated the predicted soil loss from the
mine area under the pre- and post-mining condi-
tions, a comparison of the soil loss between the two
land use conditions can be made. The tabulated
information in Exhibits 4 and 5 shows:
Pre-Mining Condition
Land Area
Pastureland
Cropland
TOTAL
SOIL LOSS
Land Area
Pastureland
Cropland
TOTAL
SOIL LOSS
Predicted Annual
Soil Loss from Area
1,239.4 T/Yr
1,656.4 T/Yr
2,895.8 T/Yr
Post-Mining Condition
Predicted Annual
Soil Loss from Area
1,415.5 T/Yr
302.4 T/Yr
1,717.9 T/Yr
Area
4,190 Ac
940 Ac
Area
4,490 Ac
640 Ac
Under the assumptions and constraints of this
example, a reduction in predicted average soil loss
of 1,177.9 T/Yr would be realized.
It must be recognized that this projected reduction
in soil loss between pre- and post-mining land use is
the result of multiple changes in the USLE factors
that are assumed to be variable, i.e., LS, C, and P.
To ideally and fully utilize the USLE, the influence
of a change of any one factor would have on the
predicted soil loss and its relationship to changes in
the other factors should be examined, i.e., a change
in X units of "C" is comparable to Y units of any
other variable. Thus; by knowing the factor-to-
factor relationships and having cost information
relating to the manipulation necessary to affect a
unit parameter change, a post-mining land use
scheme could be optimized in terms of economics
within the constraints of applicable reclamation
laws, standards, and physical constraints.
The establishment of the factor-to-factor relation-
ships is beyond the scope of this publication, but it
is felt that a brief example showing the influence of
changing one variable factor versus changing
another variable factor is important.
In the previous pre- and post-mining land use example,
it has been noted that in some instances several variables
changed for each sub-area. In order to see the influence a
change in variable factors can have on the predicted soil loss,
sub-area 2A will be examined.
The pre-mining land use condition for sub-area 2A in
Exhibit 4 are shown in Exhibit 6, Item I. The post-mining
land use conditions for the same sub-area from Exhibit 6,
Item II.
A comparison of this information shows that the pre-
dicted annual soil loss from cropland sub-area 2A changes
from 598.4 T/Yr under pre-mining conditions, or a reduction
in soil loss of 396 T/Yr. This change is influenced by a
change in both the "L" factor and the "P" factor. To
examine the relative impact the changes of these two factors
have on the predicted soil loss, each factor shall be consi-
dered separately. First looking at only a change in the "L"
factor, while maintaining the same "P" factor(Item III), the
predicted soil loss becomes 404.4 T/Yr, indicating a 194.0
T/Yr reduction in predicting soil loss.
Secondly, looking at a change only in the "P" factor
while holding the "L" factor constant (Exhibit 6, Item IV)
shows the predicted soil loss would be 298.9 T/Yr or a 299.5
T/Yr reduction. It is readily seen that in this particular
example, the assumed change in "P" has a much more
significant affect on reducing the predicted soil loss than the
assumed changes in "L". It is also seen that the calculated
changes, as dictated by the individual factors, are not addi-
tive. The predicted annual average soil loss reduction from
sub-area 2A when both factors are changes, 396 T/Yr reduc-
tion, does not equal the sum of the individual change, 194.0
+ 299.5 T/Yr or 493.5 T/Yr reduction. 1 T/Yr reduction in
predicted soil loss obtained by a change in one variable, say
"L", and a 1 T/Yr reduction obtained by a change in another
variable, say "P", does not equal a 2 T/Yr change obtained if
both factors are changed. Being aware of the above and the
applicable laws, standards, and physical constraints, the land
manager can utilize the available information to maximize
those variables which lend themselves to manipulation most
economically and/or conveniently, putting lesser emphasis
on the more "difficult" factors in order to bring "A" to the
desired level.
15
-------
Active Reclamation
As previously stated, the USLE can be utilized to pre-
dict the average soil loss from a given area over a time period
less than one year. The major influence in predicting soil loss
over short time periods, as compared to predicting the annual
average soil loss, is the adjustment of the "R" factor and the
short-term changes in land conditions. As illustrated in Fig-
ure 2, the "R" factor can be modified for periods less than
12 months. Step-by-step procedures applicable to soil loss
evaluation during this period are presented below.
Step 1: Identify the area of study and select the time periods
such that the USLE factors can be assumed constant
for that period. In this example, the area shall be the
area identified in Exhibit 2 as the Phase I post-
mining area. This area, 480 acres, is the first area
disturbed and subsequently reclaimed as the mining
activity progresses. The time periods (Exhibit 7)
are (1) from May 15 (5/15) to October 1 (10/1)
during which it is assumed that the area will remain
essentially bare, and (2) from 10/1 to 5/15 during
which mulching and seeding are assumed.
Step 2: Prepare a chart, Exhibit 7, showing the area of study
and assign numeric values to the USLE factors. The
land condition for period 1 is assumed to be bare for
approximately five months, 5/15 to 10/1, while
protected by mulch for the remaining seven months,
10/1 to 5/15, period 2. The "K" and "P" factors
for both periods are assumed to remain the same as
in pre-mining. The length and slope factors, "L"
and "S", are assumed to be restored after mining
has occurred and thus also remain the same. The
"C" factor will change with respect to the stages of
cover and the "R" factor will change as determined
from the El distribution curve, Figure 2, for the
appropriate time period.
The "C" factor values (Table 5) are 1.0 for bare
soil (5/15 to 10/1, period 1), and 0.06 for assumed
mulching and seeding at two tons of mulch per acre
(10/1 to 5/15, period 2). The adjusted "R" factor
values, Figure 2, are determined as follows. (Note
that the El curve, Figure 2, is assumed to be the
appropriate curve for this mining site.)
1. Percent of annual El at each date:
5/15 %
El=45
10/1 %
El=97
2. The difference, (97-45) = 52, indicates 52% of
the annual "R" factor occurs from 5/15 to 10/1.
3. The adjusted "R" factor is then:
"R" (adjusted=.52(R)=.52(30)
= 15.6
The El curve is assumed to repeat each year, over
the short term, thus the adjusted "R" factor for the
period from 10/1 and 5/15 is the remaining percen-
tage,or 48%. The adjusted "R" factor from 10/1 to
5/15 is then:
R (adjusted) = .48R=.48(30)=14.4
Step 3: Having assigned values to all factors, the average
soil loss can be predicted. Exhibit 7 shows that
during period 1 when the land is bare and 52% of the
erosion due to rainfall is anticipated, the predicted
soil loss is 1.44 tons/acre/period, indicating a total
loss of 691.2 tons from 5/15 to 10/1. During period
2, the predicted average loss is 0.08 tons/acre/
period, or 38.4 tons from the 480 acres over the
period 10/1 to 5/15. The total predicted soil loss
from 5/15 to 5/15 the following year, is thus 729.6
tons/year.
Exhibit 7 also shows the predicted soil loss during
the second year assuming that the seeding was suc-
cessful and that a 20 percent ground cover density
with no appreciable canopy is representative of the
conditions over the second year. During this
period, total predicted soil loss is 264.0 tons/year as
compared to 729.6 tons/year the first year.
16
-------
EXHIBIT 1
SOIL MAP
Owner Coal Field Inc.
County Diablo
Operator Same
State Colorado
Soil survey sheet (s) or code nos. page 29 Approximate scale 2" - 1 mile
Prepared by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
cooperating with Conservation District
N
Soil Legend
AsB - Ascalon fine sandy loam
0-1% slopes
HeB - Heldt Clay Loam, 1-3% slopes
HoB - Holderness loam, 1-3% slopes
PoB - Potts loam, 1-3% slopes
PoC - Potts loam, 3-5% slopes
-------
EXHIBIT &
Erosion Factor Map
Coal Field Inc.
Present Conditions
(Pre-Mining)
AREA 1
A
• PASTURELAND
K- .37
L-400
S- 1 5
c_ i0 1290 Ac
AREA 2 - CROPLAND
A
K- .37
L-600
*•• S- ? O
•, °
B X.C
K- 2.8 ••.
L-400
S-3.0
.36
44OAc
•'-..
V
C-36 2OO c"*..^
i
"
1
1
-N-
•
,
• *•• •••
B ***•. CK-.24
K-.37 •. T-150
L-300 '. S- 3.0
S-5.0 '. C-.IO
C-.042
•
550 Ac
\
•
DK_ 37"
1220 AC L-.50
S-1.5 75OAC
C-.042 .-•
/ AREA 3-
• CROPLAND /E
•* A •' K- 28
• K-.37 • L-200
L-150 • s. 20
/ S-5.0 c_20
* ^^^^ C^ 36
• ^Ss*^v "
| 380A
: SOOAC
'••••• Erosion Area Boundaries
Land Use Boundary
18
-------
EXHIBIT 3
Erosion Factor Map
Coal Field Inc.
fast-Mining Conditions
AREA 1 • PASTURELAND
A K-.37
L-40TJ
S- 1.5
C-.07
AREA 2 CROPLAND
A K- .37
L-160
S-2.0
• 0-r36~
V P-.50
S-3.0
C- ,36
P-50
N-
Scale . 2"= I mile
• ,
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
S-5.0
C-.07
S-3,0
C-.07
K- ,37
L- 150
S-1.5
C -. 07
/ K-,28
L-200
s-2,0
c-,07
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
Phase 7
Phase 8
Phase 9
• ••• Erosion Area Boundaries
Land Use Boundary
— Mine Phase Boundaries
19
-------
EXHIBIT 4
EROSION CALCULATIONS
Date.
Areas Land
of the use or
Project Cond.
1A Past.
IB Past.
1C Past.
ID Past.
IE Past.
Universal Soil-Loss
R K
30 .37
30 .37
30 .24
30 .37
30 .28
L
400
300
150
150
200
S
1.5
5.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
Equation
LS
.25
.93
.32
.19
.25
Factors
C
.10 1
.042 1
.10 1
.042 1
.20 1
P
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Est.
Soil
Loss
T/Ac/Yr
.28
.43
.23
.09
.42
Acres
in
Area
1290
1220
550
750
380
Est.
Soil Loss
from Area
Tons/Yr
361.2
524.6
• 126.5
67.5
159.6
SUB-TOTAL
2A Crop.
2B Crop.
3 A Crop.
30 .37
30 .28
30 .37
600
400
150
2.0
3.0
5.0
.34
.44
.66
.36* 1
.36* 1
.36* 1
(Pastureland)
.0
.0
.0
1.36
1.33
2.64
4190
440
200
300
1239.4
598.4
266.0
792.0
SUB-TOTAL
(Cropland)
940
1656.4
TOTALS
5130
2895.8
Remarks:
* Present farming program is wheat-fallow with approximately 200 Ibs. of residue at planting time (see table 2).
20
-------
EXHIBIT 5
EROSION CALCULATIONS
Project: Coal Field Inc
Date_
Est.
Areas Land Universal Soil-Loss Equation Factors Soil
of the use or i ^cc
Project Cond. R K L S LS C
1A Past. 30 .37 400 1.5 .25 .07
IB Past. 30 .37 300 5.0 .93 .07
1C Past. 30 .24 150 3.0 .32 .07
ID Past. 30 .37 150 1.5 .19 .07
IE Past. 30 .28 200 2.0 .25 .07
P T/Ac/Yr
1.0 .19
1.0 .72
1.0 .16
1.0 .15
1.0 .15
Acres
in
Area
1290
1220
550
1050
380
Est.
Soil Loss
from Area
Tons/Yr
245.1
878.4
88.0
157.5
57.0
SUB-TOTAL (Pastureland)
2A Crop 30 .37 160* 2.0 .23 .36
2B Crop 30 .28 160* 3.0 .33 .36
.50* .46
.50* .50
4490
440
200
1426.0
202.4
100.0
3 A Included in area ID
* The cropland will be terraced to reduce slope length and farmed on the
contour (See table 6).
SUB-TOTAL (Cropland)
640
302.4
TOTALS
5130
1728.4
Remarks: The following assumptions were necessary.
I. Mined areas will be restored to approximately original topography.
2. Introduced plant species plus improved management will result in approximately 50% ground cover.
3. Topsoil will be redistributed over approximately the same area where it was removed. If this is accomplished, "K" factors
will remain relatively constant.
21
-------
EXHIBIT 6
EROSION CALCULATIONS
Project: Coal Field Inc.
Land Condition: "Factor Influence Chart"
Date-
Areas Land
of the use or
Project Cond.
Universal Soil-Loss Equation Factors
R K
LS
Est.
Soil
Loss
P T/Ac/Yr
Est.
Acres Soil Loss
in from Area
Area Tons/Yr
ITEM I Pre-Mining
2A
Crop
30 .37 600 2.0 .34 .36 1.0 1.36
440
598.4
ITEM II Post-Mining
2A
Crop
30 .37 160 2.0 .23 .36 .50
.46
440
202.4
SUB-TOTAL
ITEM III "L" factor change
2A
Crop
30 .37 160 2.0 .23 .36 1.0
.92
440
404.8
ITEM IV "P" factor change
2A
Crop
30 .37 600 2.0 .34 .36 .50* .68
440
298.9
SUB-TOTAL
TOTALS
Remarks:
* Table 6 indicated contouring is not an acceptable alternative for this area due to the excessive slope length (see 1 /). However,
if the area is terrace to reduce slope length, contouring will be applicable.
22
-------
EXHIBIT 7
EROSION CALCULATIONS
Project: Coal Field Inc.
Land Condition: Active Reclamation
Date_
Areas
of the
Project
(Time Period
1st year 5/15- 10/1
Phase I
Land
use or
Cond.
1)
bare
Universal
R K
15.6* .37
Soil-Loss
L S
400 1.5
Equation
LS
.25
Factors
C P
1.0 1.0
Est.
Soil
Loss
T/Ac
1.44
Acres
in
Area
480
Est.
Soil Loss
from Area
Tons/Period
691.2
(Time Period 2)
1st year 10/1-5/15 Mulch and
Phase I Seed 14.4 .37 400 1.5
.25
.06 1.0
.08
480
38.4
SUB-TOTAL (1st year)
480
729.6
2nd year 5/15-5/15
Phase I estab.
30
.37 400 1.5 .25 .20 1.0
.55
480
264.0
SUB-TOTAL (2nd year)
480
264.0
TOTALS
480
993.6
Remarks:
* Factor "R" has been adjusted to reflect total erosion index units from May 15 to Oct. 1 (See figure 2). Target date for
mulching and seeding is October 1 st. From October 1 st to May 15th the 2 tons of mulch (See table 5) should remain effective.
The second year should be the establishment year with a "C" of approximately .20 (See table 4).
23
-------
Section 7.0
GLOSSARY
Arid: Regions or climates that lack sufficient moisture for crop production without irrigation. The limits of precipitation vary
considerably according to temperature conditions, with an upper annual limit for cool regions of ten inches or less and for
tropical regions as much as fifteen to twenty inches.
Brush: A growth of shrubs or small trees.
Bunchgrass: A grass that does not have rhizomes or stolons and forms a bunch of tuft.
Canopy: The cover of leaves and branches formed by the tops or crowns of plants as viewed from above the cover.
Clean Tillage: Cultivation of a field so as to cover all plant residues and to prevent the growth of all vegetation except the
particular crop desired.
Contour: 1. An imaginary line on the surface of the earth connecting points of the same elevation; 2. A line drawn on a map
connecting points of the same elevation.
Contour Farming: Conducting field operations, such as plowing, planting, cultivating, and harvesting, on the contour.
Contour Furrows: Furrows plowed approximately on the contour on pasture and rangeland to prevent runoff and increase
infiltration. Also, furrows laid out approximately on the contour for irrigation purposes.
Contour Stripcropping: Layout of crops in comparatively narrow strips in which the farming operations are performed
approximately on the contour. Usually strips of grass, close-growing crops, or fallow are alternated with those in cultivated
crops.
Contour Stripping: The removal of overburden and mining from a coal seam that outcrops or approaches the surface at
approximately the same elevation. In steep or mountainous areas.
Cover (Ground Cover): Vegetation or other material providing protection to the soil.
Cover Crop: A close-growing crop grown primarily for the purpose of protecting and improving soil between periods of regular
crop production or between trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.
Cropland: Land used primarily for the production of adapted, cultivated, close-growing fruit or nut crops for harvest, alone or in
association with sod crops.
Crop Residue: The portion of a plant or crop left in the field after harvest.
Crop Residue Management: Use of that portion of the plant or crop left in the field after harvest for protection or improvement of
the soil.
Deposition: The accumulation of material dropped because of a slackening movement of the transporting agent (water or wind).
Diversion Terrace: Diversions, which differ from terraces in that they consist of individually designed channels across a
hillside; may be used to protect bottomland from hillside runoff or may be needed above a terrace system for protection
against runoff from an unterraced area; may also divert water out of active gullies, protect farm buildings from runoff,
reduce the number of waterways, and sometimes used in connection with Stripcropping to shorten the length of slope so that
the strips can effectively control erosion. See terrace.
Duff: The more or less firm organic layer on top of mineral soil, consisting of fallen vegetative matter in the process of
decomposition, including everything from pure humus below to the litter on the surface; a general, non-specific term.
Erosion: 1. The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents, including such
processes as gravitational creep; 2. Detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
The following terms are used to describe different types of water erosion.
Gross Erosion: The total amount of water erosion occurring on a site. Includes sheet and rill and gulley erosion.
Permeability Soil: The quality of a soil horizon that enables water or air to move through it. The permeability of a soil may be
limited by the presence of one nearly impermeable horizon even though the others are permeable.
Pitting: Making shallow pits of suitable capacity and distribution to retain water from rainfall or snowmelt on rangeland or
pasture.
Plant Residue: See crop residue, mulch, soil organic matter.
Reclamation: The process of reconverting disturbed lands to their former uses or other productive uses.
Runoff (Hydraulics): That portion of the precipitation on a drainage area that is discharged from the area in stream channels.
Sediment: Solid material, both mineral and organic, that is in suspension, is being transported, or has been moved from its site or
origin by air, water, gravity, or ice and has come to rest on the earth's surface either above or below sea level.
Slope: The degree of deviation of a surface from horizontal, measured in a numerical ratio, percent, or degrees. Expressed as a
ratio or percentage, the first number is the vertical distance (rise) and the second is the horizontal distance (run), as 2:1 or
200 percent. Expressed in degrees, it is the angle of the slope from the horizontal plane with a 90% slope being vertical
(maximum) and 45% being a 1:1 slope.
Slope Characteristics: Slopes may be characterized as concave (decrease in steepness in lower portion), uniform, or convex
(increase in steepness at base). Erosion is strongly affected by shape, ranked in order of increasing erodibility from concave
to uniform to convex.
Soil Erosion: The detachment and movement of soil from the land surface by wind or water.
24
-------
Soil Map: A map showing the distribution of soil types or other soil mapping units in relation to the prominent physical and
cultural features of the earth's surface. The following kinds of soil maps are recognized in the U.S.: detailed, detailed
reconnaissance, reconnaissance, generalized, and schematic.
Soil Organic Matter: The organic fraction of the soil that includes plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition,
cells and tissues of soil population. Commonly determined as the amount of organic material contained in a soil sample
passed through a two-millimeter sieve.
Soil Profile: A vertical cross-section of the soil from the surface into the underlying unweathered material.
Soil Series: The soil series is a group of soil having horizons similar to differentiating characteristics and arrangement in the soil
profile, except for texture of the surface portion, or if genetic horizons are thin or absent, a group of soils that, within
defined depth limits, is uniform in all soil characteristics diagnostic for series.
Soil Survey: A general term for the systematic examination of soils in the field and in laboratories; their description and
classification; the mapping of kinds of soil, the interpretation of soils according to their adaptability for various crops,
grasses, and trees; their behavior under use or treatment for plant production of for other purposes; and their productivity
under different management systems.
Slripcropping: Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands which serve as barriers to wind and water erosion.
Stubble: The basal portion of the plants remaining after the top portion has been harvested; also, the portion of the plants,
principally grasses, remaining after grazing is completed.
Subsoil: The B horizons of soils with distinct profiles. In soils with weak profile development, the subsoil can be defined as the
soil below the plowed soil (or its equivalent of surface soil), in which roots normally grow. Although a common term, it
cannot be defined accurately. It has been carried over from early days when "soil" was conceived only as the plowed soil
and that under it as the "subsoil"
Surface Mining: A process in which rock and topsoil strata overlying ore or fuel deposits are scrapped away by mechanical
shovels. Also known as strip mining.
Terrace: An embankment or combination of an embankment and channel constructed across a slope to control erosion by
diverting or storing surface runoff instead of permitting it to flow uninterrupted down the slope.
Tillage: The operation of implements through the soil to prepare seedbeds and root beds.
Topsoil: The original or present dark-colored upper soil that ranges from a mere fraction of an inch to two or three feet thick on
different kinds of soil.
25
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Section 8.0
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(1) Brooks, Frank L. and Turelle, Joseph W., 1974. Universal Soil Loss Equation. Technical Note No. 32. West Technical
Service Center, Portland, Oregon.
(2) Canfield, R. H., 1941. Application of the Line Interception Method in Sampling Range Vegetation. Journal Forestry
39:388-394.
(3) Dendy, F. E. and G. C. Bolton, 1976. Sediment Yield-Runoff-Drainage Area Relationships in the United States, Journal
of Soil and Water Conservation. Volume 31, No. 6.
(4) Dollhopf, D. J., J. B. Jensen, and R. C. Hodder. Effects of Surface Configuration in Water Pollution Control on Semiarid
Mined Lands. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Demonstration Grant No. R-803079-01-0.
(5) Holeman, John; Turelle, Joseph W.; and Barnes, R. C., 1975. Procedure for Computing Sheet and Rill Erosion on Project
Area. Technical Release No. 51, Washington, D.C.
(6) Lloyd, C. H., and Eley, G. W., 1952. Graphical Solution of Probable Soil Loss Formula for Northeastern Region. Journal
of Soil and Water Conservation 7:189-191.
(7) Mannering, J. V., 1967. The Relationship of Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils to Surface Sealing. Ph.D.
thesis, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.
(8) SCS National Engineering Handbook; Section 3, Sedimentation; Chapter 6, Sediment Sources, Yields, and Delivery
Ratios; Washington, D.C., 1971.
(9) Soil Taxonomy, December 1975. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys.
Agricultural Handbook 436. USDA—Soil Conservation Service.
(10) Soil and Water Research Division, Agriculture Research Service, 1966. A Universal Equation for Predicting Rainfall-
Erosion Losses. ARS Special Report.
(11) USDA Soil Survey Staff, Soil Survey Manual, USDA Handbook No. 18, August 1951.
(12) Wischmeier, W. H., and D. D. Smith, 1965. Predicting Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the Rocky
Mountains. Agriculture Handbook No. 282. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
(13) and J. V. Mannering, 1969. Relation of Soil Properties to Its Erodibility. Soil Science Society AM. Proc. 33(1): 131-137.
(14) C. B. Johnson and B. V. Cross, 1971. A Soil Nomograph for Farmland and Construction Sites. Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation. September-October 1971. Volume 26, No. 5.
(15) 1974. New Developments in Estimating Water Erosion, Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Soil Conservation
Society of America, August 11-14, 1974, Syracuse, New York.
(16) 1976. Use and Misuse of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. January-February
1976. Volume 31, No. 1.
26
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APPENDIX A
Factors "K" and "T"
SOIL
AA8ERG
AASTAD
ABAC
ABAJO
ABARCA
ABBOTT
ABCAL
ABC LA
ABERDEEN
ABES
ABOR
ABRA GR-L, L
CR-SL, SL
ABRAHAM
ABREU
ABSAROKEE
ABSHER
A3STED
ABSTON
ACACIO
ACASCO
ACEL
ACKMAN
ACREE
ADEL
ADELINO
ADENA
ADGER
ADILIS CR-SL, GR-L
L, SL
AGAR
AGASSIZ
AGNER
AGNESTON
AGUA
AGUA FRIA
AGUALT FSL
L
DEPTH
INCHES
O-i
1-30
0-1-1
16-19
0-19
0-10
10-20
20-50
0-1
1-30
30-60
0-6
0-60
0--28
28-60
0-26
26-60
0-15
15-21
0-30
0-3
0-3
3-60
0-60
0-3
3-15
15-13
0-8
8-26
0-60
0-3
3-8
8-60
0-3
3-10
10-31
0-1
1-13
13-60
0-11
11-21
21-60
0-6
6-28
28-66
0-7
7-71
0-11
11-60
0-18
18-60
O-i
1-38
38-60
0-3
3-12
12-60
0-1
1-60
0-1
0-1
1-20
20-60
0-3
3-60
0-7
7-18
0-7
7-33
33-60
0-6
6-25
0-27
27-60
0-21
21-30
30-60
0-12
0-12
12-27
27-60
K
.15
..'5
.21
.32
.37
.19
.32
.28
.21
.28
.10
.28
.28
.28
.20
.32
.13
.21
.32
.13
.19
.17
.19
.19
.21
.32
.21
.32
.37
.32
.32
.19
.55
.21
.19
.28
.21
.21
.21
.20
.20
.10
.61
.13
.19
.32
.37
.32
.28
.28
.13
.2
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
ARMY
AROSA
ARr
ARROW
ARTESIA
ARVADA
ARVANA
ARVESON
AkVILLA
ASCALON LS
SL, FSL
ASHBON
ASHCROFT
ASHLEY FSL, L
St-L
FSL
CL
ASPERSON
ASSINNIBOINE
ATASCOSA
ATENCIO
ATEPIC
ATHELWOLD
ATHERLY
ATKMAR
AUI
AUZQUI
AVALANCHE
AVALON
AVAMAN
AVON
L
SCL
AYLMER
AVON
AZAAR
AZELTINE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-9
9-22
22-60
0-10
10-39
39-62
0-2
2-18
0-6
6-22
22-32
0-3
3-25
0-U
4-60
0-8
8-21
0-31*
34-60
0-16
16-50
0-7
0-7
7-18
18-25
25-60
0-U
4-13
0-6
6-26
26-60
0-9
0-9
9-15
15-72
0-8
8-15
15-30
30-60
0-2
0-2
2-14
14-39
0-2
2-24
0-7
7-20
20-60
0-9
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-60
0-17
0-6
6-60
0-U
11-36
36-60
0-6
6-19
19-30
0-10
10-29
29-72
0-7
7-18
18-26
26-60
0-12
12-26
0-12
12-60
0-60
0-11
0-11
11-42
-
0-9
9-27
27-60
0-13
13-27
27-60
0-12
12-60
0-60
0-12
12-19
19-60
0-13
13-22
22-32
0-16
16-60
K
.28
.32
.37
.37
.32
.J7
.32
.24
.10
.24
.17
.17
.24
.49
.55
.24
.32
.28
.15
.20
.10
.24
.28
.32
.32
.24
.17
.15
.10
.10
.10
.24
.20
.24
.10
.32
.43
.64
.49
.24
.37
.37
.24
.32
.37
.24
.32
.24
.28
.24
.17
.10
.10
.28
.28
.24
.24
.37
.28
.10
.37
.37
.37
.37
.24
.17
.37
.32
.37
.10
.49
.43
.32
.43
,32
.43
.24
.37
.24
.28
.32
.32
.49
.10
.32
.49
.15
.24
.24
.24
.24
.43
.37
.15
.10
T
5
5
1
2
2
5
2
5
3-2
5
5
1
3
1
1
1
5
2
5
1
3
1
4
5
5
2
2
3
2
5
5
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
2
2
SOIL
SERIES
AZFIELD
BABB
BACA
BACKUS
BADUS
BAGARD
BAGGOTT
BAGLEY
bAINVILLE
BAIRD HOLLOW CB-L
L
BAKER PASS
BALDY
BALLER
BALHORHEA
BALON GR-SCL.GR-CL
GR-SL, SL
BALTIC
BAMFORTH
BANDERA
BANGSTON SL
LS, FS
BANKARD
BANKS
BARCUS
BARE LA
BARFUSS
BARISHMAN
BARKERVILLE
BAKNES
3A?H!!M
BARRETT
BARTON
BARVON
BASCOM
BASS
BASSEL
BATA
BATTERSOH
BATTLE CREEK
BAYERTON
BEAD
BEADLE
BEAMTOH
BEAR BASIN
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-51
0-7
7-60
0-8
8-24
24-60
0-31
0-7
7-38
38-60
0-16
0-9
0-9
39-60
0-24
0-22
0-22
22-60
0-12
12-71
0-18
18-42
0-15
0-60
0-3
0-3
3-23
23-60
0-60
0-16
16-60
0-9
0-9
9-60
0-5CLFS)
0-5(SL)
5-60
0-4
4-60
0-10
10-37
37-60
0-4
4-8
8-31
31-41
0-19
19-27
27-40
0-12
12-60
0-10
10-26
0-20
20-60
0-4
4-60
0-16
0-19
19-31
0-14
14-34
34-42
0-16
16-36
36-72
0-15
15-26
26-40
0-7
7-15
15-60
0-7
7-25
25-60
0-4
4-15
0-10
10-37
37-64
0-7
7-24
0-3
0-6
6-18
18-40
40-60
0-3
3-24
0-13
13-65
K
.28
.32
.28
.32
.24
.24
.24
.32
.28
.24
.17
.24
,28
.37
.32
.37
.37
.17
.20
.20
.20
.28
.17
.10
.10
.15
.32
.15
.32
.15
.28
.10
.20
.10
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.24
.17
.15
.20
.24
.37
.37
.37
.37
.28
.32
.37
.32
.28
.15
.10
.28
.37
.37
.49
.10
.24
.24
.37
.32
.20
.32
.20
.37
.17
.15
.10
.15
.15
.15
.32
.17
.24
.24
.24
.32
.28
.28
.28
.28
.32
.14
.24
.24
.17
.28
.32
.43
.17
.20
T
5
5
5
2
5
2
1
5
5
2
8
6
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
3
4
5
2
5-4
5
1
3
3
2
3
5
1
2
2
2
4
5
2
2
SOIL
SERIES
BEARDALL
BEARDEN
BEARDSLEY
BEARMOUTH
BEARPAW
BEARSKIN
BEAUVOIS
BEAVERELL
BEAVERTON
BECKS
BECKTON
BEEBE
BEEK
BEENON
BEGAY
BEHANIN
BELEN
BELFIELO
BELLAMY
BELMEAR
BELTON
BENCLARE
BENJAMIN
BENOIT
BENTEEN
BENZ
BEOTIA
BERCAIL
BERENT
BERING
BERMESA
BERNAL
BERNARDINO
BERTAG SIL
GR-L
BERTELSON
BERTHOUD
BERYL
BESSEMER
BETTS
BEW
iEZZANT
BICKMORE
BIDMAN
BIG BLUE
BIGETTY
DEPTH
INCHES
0-15
15-34
0-28
28-60
0-10
10-36
0-10
10-60
0-6
6-50
50-86
0-10
0-30
30-60
0-3
3-17
17-60
0-9
9-14
14-60
0-15
15-19
19-37
0-6
6-34
34-60
0-60
0-60
0-7
7-18
0-50
0-17
17-44
44-52
0-31
31-54
0-12
12-60
0-26
0-8
8-30
0-9
9-27
27-40
0-60
0-18
18-60
0-4
4-17
17-29
0-60
0-20
20-60
0-5
5-60
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-14
14-26
0-12
0-9
9-15
15-60
0-24
0-24
24-60
0-60
0-56
0-20
20-34
0-7
7-22
22-60
0-6
6-22
22-60
0-50
0-16
16-24
24-37
C-5
5-18
18-60
0-10
10-18
13-60
0-3
3-60
60-71
K
.32
.24
.28
.43
.37
.28
.28
.10
.37
.43
.49
.15
.37
.43
.32
.28
.10
.28
.24
.10
,15
.15
.10
.49
.37
.37
.49
.32
.37
.32
.49
.20
.28
.15
.37
.43
.37
.43
.28
.24
.32
.43
.37
.43
.28
.28
.28
.10
.37
.32
.37
.37
.28
.43
.32
.37
.37
.17
.32
.28
.32
.28
.28
.24
.15
.28
.24
.32
.24
.37
.37
.24
.32
.37
.24
.28
.32
.37
.43
.20
.24
.24
.30
.28
.32
.43
.18
.24
.24
.37
.43
.28
T
2
5
2
2
5-4
1
5
5
2
2
5
5
3
1
3
2
5
5-4
2
2
3
5
4
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
2
1
5
5
5
4
5
2
5
5
5
1
2
5
5
5
A-2
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
BIG HORN
BIG TIMBER
8IJOU
BIGNELL
BILLINGS
BINCO
BINrORD
BINGHAM L
CR-L
CB-L
BINNA
BINTOH
BIPPUS
BIRCH
BIROOK
BIRDSLEY
BITTERROOT
BITTON
BLACKBURN
BLACKBALL
BUCKET!
BLACKLEED
BLACKMAN
BLACKPIPE
BLACK RIDGE
BLACKROCK
BLACKSTON
BLACKWATER
BLAINE
BLAKE
BLAKELAND
BLAHER
BLANCA
BLANC HARD
BUNDING
8LANYON
BLAZON
BLENCOE
BLENPON
BLEVINTON
BLODGETT
BLOOH
BLUEPOINT
BLUERIH
BLUE STAR
8LUFFDALE
W.YJURG
DEPTH
INCHES
0-1
1-26
26-60
0-6
6-18
0-15
0-15
15-33
33-60
0-11
11-15
15-60
0-60
0-7
7-60
0-18
16-60
0-10
0-10
0-10
10-18
18-60,
0-2>*
21-28
28-60
0-6
6-60
0-11
0-28(L)
0-28(FSL)
28-60
0-11
11-22
22-38
0-60
0-11
0-11
11-36
0-21
21-16
16-61
0-11
11-12
12-60
0-12
0-60
0-11
11-10
0-30
30-60
0-16
0-8
8-39
39-52
0-11
11-28
28-60
0-22
0-16
16-35
0-12
12-60
0-30
0-16
16-10
10-51
0-60
0-60
0-10
10-25
25-60
0-11
0-30
30-60
0-16
16-11
0-1
1-60
0-9
9-11
11-80
0-3
3-18
18-29
0-19
19-60
0-16
16-60
K
19
37
,37
.32
.28
.10
,10
,10
,10
,32
.28
.20
.13
.28
.28
.20
.10
.28
.21
.21
.21
.10
.37
.17
.10
.37
.13
.13
.28
.21
.28
.20
.15
.10
.28
.13
.32
.37
.32
.21
.28
.37
.28
.19
.32
.21
.17
.15
.37
.37
.32
.20
.17
.21
.28
.10
.10
.10
.28
.28
.32
.10
.10
.17
.28
.17
.10
.15
.19
.37
.13
.13
.13
.20
.20
.21
.17
.15
.37
.37
.17
.17
.17
.15
.21
.20
.15
.10
.32
.32
.32
T
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
2
3
5
5
5
2
5
2
?
5
5
1
2
5
5
1
1
5
3
2
2
5
2
1
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
3
5
SOIL
SERIES
BLYTHE
BOBTAIL
BODORUMPE
BOEL
BOHNLY
BOHNSACK
BOETTCHER
BOGAN
BOLTUS
BON
BOND
BONDURANT
BONEEK
BONILLA
BONITA
BORACHO
BORDEAUX
BORKY
BORO
BORREGO
BORUP
BORVANT
BOSLER
BOSTWICK L.GR-L.FSL,
ST-L
BOTTINEAU
BOULDER
BOTTLE
BOWBAC
BOWBELLS
BOHOISH
BOHDLE
BOWEN
BOX ELDER L
CL
BOXWFJLL
BOYD
BOYSAG FSL
GR-t.^SL
SL
BOYLE
BOYSEN
BOZEMAN
BRAD
BRADSHAW
BRAMER
BRANDENBURG
BRANTFORD
BRAZITO
3REECE
BRENDA
BRESSER SL
LS
DEPTH
INCHES
0-11
11-36
0-2
2-26
0-36
0-60
0-1
1-29
0-12
12-21
0-3
3-12
0-1
n-17
0-12
12-60
0-31
31-60
0-10
0-18
18-60
0-1
1-32
0-6
1J-18
6-13
0-60
0-19
0-7
7-19
19-30
30-60
0-6 CL
0-6
6-30
30-60
0-25
25-60
0-6
6-20
20-60
0-11
11-26
0-5
5-23
0-23
23-60
0-10
10-30
0-25
25-60
0-10
10-28
0-7
0-7
7-26
26-72
0-11
11-28
0-3
n_T
0-3
3-13
0-5
5-13
0-1
1-60
0-1
1-8
8-28
28-61
0-10
0-60
0-10
1 0-60
0-1
1-10
0-15
0-9
9-60
0-36
36-60
0-21
21-10
0-10
0-10
10-18
18-29
29-60
SOIL DEPTH
K
.37
.32
.10
.10
.28
.20
.28
.32
.22
.32
.37
.32
.28
.21
.28
.37
.21
.28
.32
.21
.28
.28
.17
.32
.37
.32
.28
.28
.J2
.29
.32
.32
.17
.32
.32
.37
.10
.25
.10
.20
.25
.28
.37
.15
.20
.10
.15
.20
.37
.32
.28
.37
.20
.37
.28
.10
.15
.15
.37
.20
.37
.55
.32
.37
.28
.28
.11
.20
.28
.15
.10
.37
.13
.28
.21
.32
. 37
.15
.20
.10
.10
.28
.21
.28
. 21
.15
.10
.10
.28
.17
.10
.10
.15
.10
.10
1
2
2
2
5
5
2
3
2
5
1
5
5
5
5
1
5
2
5
1
c
1
3
5
5
5-u
3
2
2
5-1
2
1-3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
5
1
3-2
2
5
3
5
5
SERIES I
BRIBUTTE
BRIDGE
BRIDGES
BRIDGEPORT
BKIDGET
BRI3GEWATE?.
BRIGCSDALE SL.FSL
L, CL
BR INKER!
BRIGS SL.LS
L
BROAD
BROAD CANYOH CR-L, CB-L
ST-L.CRV-L
BROADHEAD L
CB-L
BROADHURST
BROADMOOR
BRCCKO
BROCKWAY
BROLLIAR
BROOKIMGS
BROOMFIELD
BRCSS
BROUNFIELD
BROWNLEE
BROWNRIGG
BROWNSTO
BRUSSETT
BRYANT
BRYCAN
BUCHHOUSE
BUCKLON
BUCKLCBAP.
BUDMAYR
BUELL
BUENA VISTA
Bl'FFISGTON
3UFFMEYER
B'JFCRD
BUFTON
BUICK
BULLION
BULLNEL
BUNDO
BUNDYNAN
BURGESS
NCHES
0-3
3-12
0-6
6-17
17-21
C-9
9-21
21-60
0-5
0-5
5-20
20-32
0-5
5-25
rs-io
0-11
0-11
11-60
0-9
9-22
22-36
0-15
0-15
15-60
0-12
0-12
12-41
U--FO
•J-15
1 5-2 5
0-7
7-75
0-11
11-33
39-60
0-5
5-31
0-6
6-30
0-8
8-60
0-26
26-80
c-:o
I C — + 2
i:-".s
0-3
3-8
8-15
0-10
10-60
0-7
7-18
18-66
0-12
12-37
37-62
0-23
23-72
0-18
0-2
2-25
25-60
0-5
5-15
15-28
28-60
0-60
0-9
9-18
18-35
0-13
13-60
0-16
15-26
26-60
0-7
7-60
1-10
0-8
8-39
0-30
30-56
56-91
«-25
0-9
9-30
K
.37
.13
.13
.28
.15
.28
.37
.28
.32
.32
.28
.21
.28
.32
.37
.28
.28
.21
.17
.19
.10
.28
.20
.15
.17
.15
.15
.20
.17
.20
.19
.28
.10
.10
.32
.37
.32
.28
. 21
.13
.28
.28
.37
.37
.10
.10
. 17
. 21*
.20
.32
.23
.20
.21
.28
.17
.10
.37
.32
.37
.32
.13
.20
.32
.28
.32
.21
. 32
.37
.32
.37
.28
.20
.20
.15
.15
.10
.32
.15
.10
.20
.15
.10
.32
.37
.13
.'.3
.32
.20
.28
.21
. :o
.10
.37
.13
. 17
.20
T
2
1
5
5
5
5
2
2
5
5
2
2
1
2
2
5
2
5
5
2
5
3
5
e;
3
1
5
c
5
5
5
i
5
1
2
2
5
5
3
5
5
1
2
5
2
5
A-3
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
BUSKA
BURGI GR-L
L
BURNAC
BURNETT
BURNT LAKE
BUSE
BUSHVALLEY CB-SL.CB-FSL
CB-L
BUTCHE
BUTTERFIELD
BYNUM
BYRNIE
CABALLO
CABBA
CABBART
CABEZON
CABIN
CACHE
CACIQUE
CADOMA
CALABASAS
CALICOTT
CALITA
CALIZA
CALKINS
CALLINGS
CAMBERN SL,CB-SL,GR-SL
SIL, L
CB-L, GR-L
CAMPO
CAMPSPASS
CAMPUS
CANBURN
CANELO
CANEZ
CANNINGER
CANUTIO
CANYON
CAPILLO
CAPULIN
CARALAMPI
CARALAHPI
Brown Variant
CARLITO
CARBOL
CARDON
CARELESS
CARLSTROM
DEPTH
INCHLS
0-12
0-12
12-60
0-12
12-31
31-53
0-5
5-15
15-66
0-60
0-7
0-5 SL
0-5
5-10
0-30
0-27
0-1
4-15
0-10
10-54
0-18
0-3
3-18
0-4
4-12
0-4
4-8
8-30
30-60
0-4
4-72
0-6
6-25
0-4
4-24
0-44
44-60
0-60
0-60
0-22
22-60
0-14
14-60
0-18
18-35
0-3
0-3
0-3
3-14
14-28
0-5
5-24
24-60
0-60
0-30
0-25
25-60
0-14
14-60
0-8
8-67
0-20
20-60
0-60
0-6
6-40
0-10
10-41
41-66
0-2
2-23
23-60
0-11
11-39
39-60
0-4
4-8
8-60
0-7
7-14
0-11
11-34
34-62
0-8
8-26
26-50
50-66
0-7
7-26
K
.43
.20
.28
.15
.28
.32
.24
.28
.32
.28
.15
.28
.17
.43
.37
.21
.17
.32
.37
.13
.32
.17
.3
.43
.37
.20
.28
.17
.17
.10
.10
.32
.37
.20
.32
.32
.43
.43
.32
.10
.32
.17
.10
.15
.15
.?4
.17
.17
.49
.43
.43
.32
.37
.32
.35
.32
.28
.24
.32
.15
.20
.32
.32
.28
.32
.10
.32
.28
.21
.28
.24
.20
.10
.32
.15
.49
.32
.21
.24
.24
.28
.10
.12
.24
.28
.28
.32
.28
.24
.10
.24
.32
T
3
3
3
3
5
5
5-4
1
2
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
5
3
5
5
2
2
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
3
5
5
5
1
2
5
2
SOIL
SERIES
CARGILL
CARNERO
CARRACAS
CASA GRANDE
CASEBIER
CASHEL
CASHION
CASITO
CAPUTA
CASTELLEIA
CASTELLO
CASTING
CASTLE
CASTO
CASTNER
CATHAY
CATHEDRAL
CAUSEY
CAVAL
CAVE
CAVELT
CAVOUR
CEBOLIA
CEBONE
CEDAR MOUNTAIN
CELESTE
CELLAR
CENTER CREEK
CENTERFIELD
CERRILLOS
CERRO
CHAMA
CHAMBERING
CHANTA
CHAPERTON
CHAPIN
CHAPPELL
CHARCOL
CHARLOS
CHASEVILLE
CHEADLE
CHECKETT
CHEDSEY
CHEESEMAN
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-17
17-30
0-28
0-4
1-14
0-1
1-23
23-60
0-10
10-21
21-60
0-11
0-60
0-27
27-60
0-12
0-19
19-26
26-60
0-60
0-8
8-38
0-9
9-35
0-28
28-60
0-16
0-60
0-7
7-14
0-19
19-10
40-63
0-51
0-7
7-12
0-10
0-50
0-10
10-15
15-38
38-60
0-19
19-38
0-14
0-11
0-8
0-20
20-60
0-20
20-60
0-5
b-30
30-60
0-11
11-26
26-60
0-3
3-24
24-60
0-11
11-50
50-60
0-45
0-16
16-60
0-26
26-60
0-3
3-29
0-6
6-20
20-36
0-21
21-54
0-6
6-17
17-30
30-62
0-14
14-60
0-8
0-19
0-13
13-36
0-15
15-26
26-33
K
.32
.28
.37
.28
.20
.20
.20
.37
.49
.10
.10
.10
.24
.32
.28
.49
.17
.37
.24
.32
.10
.17
.17
.17
.37
.64
.28
.15
.28
.32
.10
.10
.32
.43
.37
.20
.15
.43
.43
.32
.19
.23
.20
.20
.20
.17
.37
.10
.37
.20
.10
.49
.15
.24
.32
.37
.17
.24
.24
.32
.37
.10
.17
.17
.10
.37
.24
.17
.28
.10
.32
.37
.32
.32
.32
.10
.15
.24
.37
.37
.28
.10
.10
.10
.37
.20
.20
.21
.15
.20
.10
T
2
2
1
5
5
1
5
5
1
1
5
5
2
5
5
1
3-2
1
4
5
1
1
3
5
3
1
1
1
3
2
2
5
S
5
5
2
4-3
3
3
3
2
3
5
1
1
2
3
SOIL
SERIES
CHEREETE
CHERIONI
CHERRY
CHEVELON
CHEYENNE
CHILSON CE-CL, ST-CL
CB-L, ST-L
CBV-CL, STV-CL
CHILTON
CHIMAYO
CHINOOK
CHIPE.TA
CHIFMAN
CHIRICAHUA
CHRIS
CHRISTIANBURG
CHUBBS
CHUGTER
CHURCH
CHUPADERA
CIBEQUE
CIMARRON
CIPRIANO
CIRCLEVILLE
CLAIRE
CLAPPER
CLARK FORK
CLAYSPRINGS
CLAYBURN
CLEGG
CLERGEN
CLEVERLY
CLIFTERSON
CLONTARF
CLOUD RIM
CLOVERDALE
CLOVER SPRINGS
CLOVIS
CLOUD PEAK
CLOWERS
CLUFF
COAD
COALDRAW
COALMONT
COBEN
COCHETOPA
DEPTH
INCHES
0-60
0-10
0-60
0-5
5-30
0-3
0-3
0-3
3-14
0-15
15-60
0-6
6-20
0-60
0-17
0-60
0-2
2-21
0-7
7-16
16-30
30-60
0-60
0-3
3-20
20-30
0-60
0-11
11-60
0-6
6-24
0-42
42-60
0-6
6-60
0-15
15-20
20-60
0-24
0-60
0-13
13-60
0-8
8-50
0-4
0-4
4-18
0-24
24-60
0-10
10-32
32-60
0-12
12-60
0-60
0-4
4-60
0-25
0-14
0-14
14-60
0-4
4-36
36-84
0-14
0-14
0-14
14-72
0-5
5-25
25-60
0-4
4-18
0-4
4-60
0-14
14-36
0-8
8.36
36-60
0-4
4-14
0-4
4-30
0-5
5-34
34-63
0-12
12-40
40-60
K
.15
.43
.37
.49
.43
.28
.28
.13
.32
.24
.28
.17
.32
.17
.20
.13
.32
.37
.20
.21
.17
.10
.10
.24
.32
.28
.21
.43
.28
.32
.20
.28
.43
.15
.37
.34
.43
.24
.15
.32
.28
.17
.10
.28
.32
.20
.20
.28
.43
.37
.28
.28
.37
.28
.24
.20
.28
.24
.37
.37
.32
.28
.49
.28
.21
.19
.21
.32
.21
.28
.28
.37
.19
.43
.20
.28
.32
.10
.37
.13
.21
.32
.32
.37
.13
.28
.17
.15
T
5
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
5
1
3
1
3
5
2
3
5
2
5
5
1
2
5
5
2
1
1
3
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
2
5
2
2
5
5
A-4
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
COE
COEROCK
COGSWELL L
CL
C
COHAGEN
COKEL
COLBY
COLDCREEK
COL LARD
COLLBRAN
COLLEGIATE
COLLETT
COLLINSTON
COLMOR
COLOMBO
COLONA
COLUMBINE
COLVIN
COMER
COMO
COMODORE
COMORO
CONATA
CONCHAS
CONCHO
CONDIE
CONGER
CONI
CONNERTON
CONTIDE
CONTINE
CONTINENTAL GR-SL
GR-SCL
COOLIDGE
COPPERTON
CORDES
CORLETTE
CORMONT
CORNISH
CORNVILLE SL.FSL
L
CORPENING
CORTA
COSTILLA
POTHA
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-60
0-4
4-15
0-12
0-12
0-12
12-26
26-60
0-17
0-22
22-60
0-8
8-60
0.45
0-20
20-60
0-13
13-26
0-9
9-36
36-60
0-12
12-34
34-48
0-15
15-35
35-60
0-U
4-6U
0-12
12-60
0-U
4-60
0-6
6-60
0-60
0-6
6-60
0-18
18-32
0-15
0-36
36-60
0-5
5-30
0-5
5-60
0-25
25-42
U2-66
0-17
0-7
7-19
0-8
8-60
0-2
2-28
28-52
52-60
0-12
15-25
25-66
0-10
0-10
10-31
31-72
0-2U
2U-60
0-60
0-34
34-60
0-8
8-60
0-6
6-60
0-10
0-3
0-3
3-30
30-60
0-6
6-15
0-U
4-60
0-6
6-2U
24-60
0-34
K
.20
.15
.37
.32
.49
.37
.28
.28
.32
.15
.15
.15
.32
.U3
.32
.17
.15
.23
.23
.20
.15
.10
.2U
.32
.37
.28
.32
.55
.37
.U9
.32
.2U
.24
.32
.10
.10
.32
.28
.32
.17
.10
.24
.49
.49
.32
.32
.37
.37
.32
.15
.28
.28
.32
.19
.24
.43
.49
.28
.43
.37
.43
.32
.28
.32
.20
.23
.2U
.17
.20
.20
.17
.20
.10
.12
.12
.17
.15
.28
.U9
.32
.43
.28
.32
.28
.37
.10
.10
.10
.28
T
2
1
5
5
5
1
2
5
3
2
5
3
3
1
5
5
5
2
5
5
3
1
5
2
2
5
2
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
U
4
5
5
1
U
5
2
SOIL
SERIES
COTOPAXI
COTTIER
COTTONWOOD
COURTHOUSE
COURTLAND
COWAN
COWDREY
COWERS
COWOOD
CRADDOCK
CRAGO
CRAGOLA
CREEDMAN
CREIGHTON
CRESBARD
CRESPIN
CREST
CRESTLINE
CRESTON
CREWS
CRISTO
CRITCHELL
CROOKED CREEK
OROOKSTON
CROSS
CROT
CROW
CROW CREKK
CROW FLATS
CROWFOOT
CROWHEART
CROWSHAW
CROYDEN
CRUCES
CRUCKTON
CRYSTOLA
CUDAHY
CUEVA
CUEVOLAND
CUMBRIS
CUNDICK
CUNDIYO
CL
SL, ?SL
L, SIL
DEPTH
INCHES
0-8
8-60
0-U
4-15
15-60
0-8
0-3
3-14
0-22
22-64
64-72
0-2
2-23
23-60
0-12
12-60
0-21
21-60
0-6
6-23
0-9
9-U5
0-1U
4-14
1U-50
50-66
0-U
U-16
0-62
0-60
0-60
0-9
9-60
0-10
10-26
0-12
12-60
0-U2
0-6
6-16
0-13
13-21
21-35
0-7
7-20
20-60
0-60
0-1U
14-27
27-56
0-3
3-14
0-5
0-5
0-5
5-17
17-60
0-54
0-5
5-60
0-48
0-11
11-55
22-40
40-60
0-10
0-10
10-52
0-22
22-48
0-14
0-8
8-24
24-60
0-18
18-34
34-60
0-23
0-3
3-19
19-33
0-26
26-30
0-4
4-16
16-22
0-10
0-46
1,6-60
.10
.10
.17
.28
.15
.32
.37
.37
.17
.20
.32
.15
.17
.10
.32
.10
.20
.20
.32
.28
.32
.28
.37
.32
.24
.10
.20
.24
.43
.43
.32
.24
.32
.37
.17
.32
.24
.37
.43
.37
.24
.37
.15
.20
.24
.20
.28
.24
.28
.32
.32
.28
.32
.20
5
5
1
1
5
5
5
3
1
3
5
1
5
5
5
5
2
2
5
1
3
5
U
4
1
5
5
.55 5
.32
.43 5
.37 5
.55
.43 5
.15 5
.15
.32
.10
.37 1
.32 5
.37
.24 3
.32
.28 1
.10 5
.10
.10
.10 3
.10
.10
.32 1
.20 3
.32
.32
.37 3
.U3
.15 2
.28
.10
.37 1
.17 5
.10
SOIL
SERIES
CURBERANT
CURDLI
CURECANTI
CURHOLLOW
CURTIS CREEK
CURTIS SIDING
CUSHMAN
CUSHOOL
CUTTER
CYPHER
DACONO
DAGFLAT
DAGLUM
DAGOR
DAHLQUIST
DAILEY
DALBY
DALCAN
DALHART
DALIAN
DALLAM
DANDREA
DANKO
DANVERS
DARGOL
DARLING
DARNEN
DARRET
DAST
DATELAMD
DATEMAN
DATINO
DATWYLER
DAVIS
DAVISON
DAYBEL
DAZE
DEACON
DEAMA
DEAN
DEAVER
DEBONE
DECCA
DECKER
DECROSS
DEPTH
INCHES
0-20
20-36
0-60
0-7
7-20
20-60
0-15
0-8
8-18
0-60
0-24
0-U
0-60
0-U
U-19
0-9
9-20
20-26
26-60
0-30
0-45
0-60
0-7
7-14
14-28
28-60
0-16
16-60
0-60
0-27
0-9
9-38
38-72
0-42
O-S(FSL)
0-8UFS)
8-80
0-7
7-12
12-29
0-12
0-4U
U4-60
0-6
6-35
0-5
5-21
21-60
0-34
34-60
0-8
8-13
13-28
0-30
0-17
17-33
33-60
0-24
2U-3U
0-7
7-50
0-11
11-28
28-35
-
0-16
16-31
31-90
0-2
2-20
0-10
10-26
26-60
0-13
0-7
7-60
0-U
U-24
0-8
8-26
26-60
0-15
15-60
0-12
12-35
35-60
0-9
9-30
30-60
K
.17
.24
.49
.10
.10
.10
.15
.2U
.32
.10
.32
.2U
.32
.20
.17
.24
.2U
.15
.10
.10
.32
.37
.15
.20
.15
.10
.15
.15
.32
.24
.24
.32
.32
.17
.24
.20
.32
.43
.32
.17
.37
.37
.28
.24
.28
.20
.10
.10
.28
.37
.37
.43
.32
.20
.20
.U9
.37
.2U
.20
.24
.28
.20
.10
.15
.24
.28
.32
.32
.10
.43
.32
.24
.24
.20
.17
.32
.28
.43
.37
.32
.37
.32
.32
.10
.32
.32
.43
.28
.37
.43
'
1
5
5
1
1
5
2
3
5
1
3
2
3
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
2
1
3
5
5
2
2
5
3
1
2
5
5
3
1
5
1
2
3
5
1
2
5
A-5
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
DEER CREEK
DEERTRAIL
DEGREY
DEJARENT
DELL
DELECO
DELMONT
DELNORTE
DELPHILL
DEMAR
DEHERS
DEMKY
DEMPSEY
DEMPSTER
DENMARK
DENVER
DEPEW
DERRICK
DESART
DESERET
DES MOINES
DESPAIN
DETRA
DEV
DEVOE
DEWVILLE
DIAfiONBVILLE
DICKEY
DILLINGER
DILTS
DIMMICK
DIMO
BIMYAW
DINNEN
DIOXICE
DIPMAN
DISTERHEFF
DIVIDE
DIX
DIXIE
DOAK
DOBENT
DOBROH
DOBY
DOCT
DOGER
DOLLARD
DOLORES
DOMINGUEZ
DOMINIC
DEPTH
INCHES
0-14
14-34
34-60
0-5
5-23
23-60
0-10
10-60
0-6
6-42
0-10
0-8
0-28
_
0-7
7-1"*
14-24
24-60
_
0-8
8-60
0-20
0-6
6-29
29-60
0-60
0-4
4-17
17-60
0-25
25-48
0-9
9-60
0-18
18-36
36-48
0-16
16-30
30-44
0-27
27-41
0-50
0-15
0-10
10-30
30-60
0-7
7-28
0-31
31-60
0-19
0-60
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-8
8-35
35-fiO
0-7
7-34
34-60
0-5
5-35
3 5 -HO
HO-60
0-25
25-60
1-15
0-5
5-60
-
0-28
28-60
0-13
0-9
9-30
-
0-6
6-25
0-12
12-21
24-60
0-9
9-60
0-5
5-11
11-60
K
.32
.24
.32
.32
.32
.214
.37
.32
.32
.32
.37
.49
.28
.10
.37
.37
.43
.37
.43
.10
.32
.28
.37
.32
.32
.17
.17
.17
.37
.15
.15
.10
.20
.32
.43
.43
.20
.10
.10
.21*
.24
.32
,2<*
.20
.10
.28
.15
.30
.20
.37
.49
.17
.37
.32
.28
.24
,6"4
.10
.15
.32
.37
.37
.2"*
.32
.24
.H9
.28
.28
.28
.10
.15
.28
.37
.37
.17
.10
.32
.20
.15
.17
.35
.35
.25
.25
.10
.24
.24
.17
.15
.10
T
2
5
3
3
3
1
3
1
2
3
3
3
5
4
1
5
5
1
4-3
5
3
4
3
5
2
5
3
5
2
5
"t
5
5
3
5
2
4
2
2
5
5
1
2
5
2
3
2
SOIL
SERIES
DOMINSON
DONA ANA
DONALD
DONEY
DONNARDO
DONNER L
CB-L.GR-L
DOOLEY
DORAN
DORMILON
DORNA
DOUBLETOP
DOUGHTY
DOVRAY
OOWDEN
DOYCE
DRAKE
DRAPER
DREXEL
DRUM
DRY CREEK
DUCHESNE
DUDA
DUDLEY
DUFFSON
DUFFY
DUGGINS
DUMAS
DUNCAN
DUNCOM
DUHDAY
DUNTON
DUNUL
DUPREE
DURANGO
DURFEE
DUROC
DURRSTEIN
DURST
DUTSON
DUTTON
DWYER
DYE
DYRENG
EACHUSTON
EAGER GR-L
GR-CL
EAKIN
EARP
tASTCAN
EASTOMVILLE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-12
12-60
0-6
6-39
39-60
0-5
5-15
15-60
0-21
0-60
0-6
0-6
6-31*
0-6
6-24
21* -60
0-20
20-60
0-15
0-8
8-60
0-7
7-30
30-66
0-60
0-5
5-60
0-20
20-60
0-60
0-21
21-60
0-60
0-60
0-9
9-26
26-48
0-9
9-42
-
0-8
8-20
20-30
0-8
8-20
20-36
0-60
0-7
7-80
0-5
5-35
35-1*0
140-60
0-8
8 -1H
0-27
27-38
0-8
8-60
0-9
9-60
0-16
16-60
0-60
0-10
10-25
0-8
8-36
36-60
0-6
6-36
0-6
6-60
0-t*
i*-19
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-30
0-30
30-50
0-2
2-25
25-60
a-ss
28-60
0-10
10-3t*
K
.15
.10
.2"*
.32
.28
.37
.32
.28
.37
.2"*
.28
.214
.32
.21*
.32
.37
.28
.37
.28
.32
.37
.55
.37
.32
.28
.28
.32
.2>4
.32
.20
.28
.21*
.32
.32
.1*9
.32
.21*
.21*
.21*
.H3
.17
.1*3
.25
.35
.32
.37
.32
.24
.2t
.28
.32
.1*9
.28
.28
.32
.1*9
.15
.32
.24
.10
•M
.24
,24
.20
.10
.43
.37
.20
.2"*
.28
.37
.32
.37
.43
.28
.32
.28
.25
.28
.10
.10
.43
.28
.15
.32
.43
.28
.10
.20
.28
.15
,15
T
5
3
5
1
2
1
1
5
S
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
_
5
5
3
2
2
-
3
-
5
5
2
2
5
5
2
1
5
2
1
2
5
2
5
1
1
_
5
2
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
EBA
EBBS
EBON
ECCLES
ECHARD
ECHEMOOR
ECKLEY
ECKMAN
ECTOR
EDGAR
EDGELEY
EDGEWATER
EDLOE
EFFINGTON
EGAN
EGAS
EGELAND
EICKS
EKAH
EKALAKA
ELBETH
ELDER HOLLOW
ELEPHANT
ELFRIDA L.SIL
CL.SICL
ELK HOLLOW
ELK MOUNTAIN
ELKNER
ELKOL
ELLEDGE CB-SL, SL
CB-L.L
ELLETT
ELLICOTT
ELLOAM
ELPAM
EL RANCHO
ELS
ELSMERE
ELTSAC
ELWOOD
ELZINGA
EMBARGO
EMBDEN
EMBLEM
EMBLEM CLAYLOAM
EMBRY
EMBUDO
DEPTH
INCHES
0-2
2-50
0-60
0-2
0-38
38-60
0-62
0-5
S-25
25-47
0-10
10-36
0-4
4-15
15-60
0-8
8-60
0-8
0-60
0-48
0-18
18-36
36-60
0-10
10-26
26-36
0-3
3-19
19-60
0-48
48-60
0-3
3-15
15-25
25-48
0-6
6-28
28-60
0-60
0-13
13-60
0-16
16-28
0-12
12-60
0-13
0-13
13-60
0-4
4-11
0-4
4-30
0-6
6-12
12-38
0-4
4-60
0-7
0-7
7-30
0-5
5-14
0-4
4-60
0-76
-
0-60
0-6
6-26
0-11
11-26
26-38
0-22
22-48
48-62
0-12
12-34
0-60
0-3
3-20
20-31
31-60
0-3
3-20
20-31
31-60
0-60
0-20
20-60
K
.37
.20
.28
.43
.20
.28
.32
.20
.28
.37
.32
.43
.17
.15
.10
.28
."43
.10
.37
.28
.20
.24
.10
.10
.10
.10
.37
.32
.49
.32
.32
.28
.20
.37
.32
.24
.24
.24
.32
.37
.32
.24
.15
.24
.28
.24
.28
.43
.49
.32
.43
.15
.28
.32
.37
.32
.28
.15
.32
.37
.15
.49
.20
.28
.43
.10
.10
.49
.37
.32
.17
.17
.37
.55
.24
.28
.17
.32
.43
.32
.17
.20
.20
.28
.37
.15
.10
.32
.37
.15
.10
.28
.24
.10
T
5
5
5
3
5
3
2
5
1
5
4-3
5
2
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
3-2
5
1
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
3
4
2
2
5-4
3
3
5
3
A-6
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
EMERALD
EMIGRANT
EMIGRATION
EHMONS L.FSL
SICL
EMPEDRADO
EMRICK
ENCIERRO
EKDLICH
ENn
ENGLEWOOD
EKLOE
ENN ING
ENDS
ENTENTE
EPHRAIM
EPPING
EPSIE
ERCAN
ERD
ERHEM
ERRAMOUSPE
ERVIDE
ESCABOSA
ESCALANTE
ESMOND
ESPLIN
ESS
ESTELLINE
ESTERBROOK
ESTRELLA
ETCHEN
ETHAN
ETHELMAN
ETHETE
ETHRIDGE
ETIL
ETOE
ETOWN
ETTA
EVANSTON
EVARO
EVERMAN
EYEBROW
EYRE
EXUNE
FAIH
FAIRDALE
FAIRFIEIJ)
FALCOH
DEPTH
INCHES
0-12
12-60
0-7
7-13
13-30
0-18
0-7
0-7
7-49
0-10
10-24
24-40
0-20
20-60
0-5
5-14
0-22
0-24
24-60
0-9
9-31 ,
34-60
0-60
0-34
0-60
0-60
0-18
0-18
18-27
27-56
0-15
0-9
9-35
0-23
23-32
0-15
15-23
1-27
27-39
0-9
9-60
0-18
_
0-14
14-34
34-60
0-24
24-60
0-8
8-31
-
0-7
7-29
0-4
4-21
21-34
6V0
6-13
13-63
0-5
5-60
0-11
11-36
36-73
0-60
0-60
0-7
7-60
0-21
21-36
36-50
0-8
8-32
32-38
38-60
0-9
9-60
0-8
8-16
0-60
0-14
14-40
40-60
0-60
0-7
7-36
36-60
0-7
7-14
K
.25
.30
.24
.24
.28
.17
.32
.28
.37
.24
.28
.24
.28
.37
.28
.32
.10
.28
.10
.15
.17
.17
.32
.43
.17
.37
.32
.43
.55
.24
.32
.37
.28
.28
.24
.28
.15
.32
.28
.32
.43
.49
.28
.37
.37
.32
.28
.24
.17
.49
.37
.20
.17
.28
.28
.24
.37
.28
.32
:32
.37
.43
.20
.10
.28
.20
.15
.17
.20
.32
.37
.32
.28
.10
.32
.46
.35
.32
.37
.43
.20
.10
.32
.24
.37
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.10
.10
T
5
3
1
3
3
5
5
1
2
3
5
5
2
2
5
5
1
1
4
5
1
2
2
2
3
5-4
2
4
5
5
2
5
2
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
3
5
1
3
2
5
5
1
SOIL
SERIES
FALFA
FALKIRK
FALLSAM
FANNO
FANMO
acid variant
FARAWAY
FARE
FARGO
FARISTA
FARLAND
FARNUF
FARSON
FASKIN (FSL)
(LFS)
FATTIG
FEATHERLEGS
FEDORA
FELAN
FELOR
FELTNER
FERDIG
FERGUS
FERNANDO
FERN CLIFF
FERRON
FIELDING
FIFER
FINNERTY
FIRZSTEEL
FIRHAGE
FIRO
FISHERS
FITZGERALD
FIVEMILE
FIVEOH
FLANDREAU
FLASHER
FLATHEAD
FLAXTON
FLECHADO
FLEER
FLEAK
FLOM
FLORISSANT
FLOWELL
FLOWEREE
FLUETSCH
DEPTH
INCHLS
0-12
12-36
36-64
64-70
0-34
34-60
0-9
9-46
0-25
0-13
13-40
0-8
0-10
0-60
0-4
4-12
0-4
4-18
18-60
0-7
7-60
0-3
3-10
10-60
0-8
0-B
9-80
0-4
4-23
23-33
0-5
5-19
19-38
38-60
0-68
-
0-3
3-16
0-7
7-15
15-60
0-4
4-28
28-34
34-47
0-68
0-20
20-60
60-80
0-60
0-10
10-34
34-66
0-6
6-20
0-60
0-3
3-15
0-12
12-60
0-26
26-60
O-S(SICL)
O-S(SCL)
5-60
0-60
0-10
0-24
24-44
44-54
0-22
22-60
0-9
9-60
0-30
30-60
0-17
0-60
0-4
4-22
22-31
0-12
12-38
38-72
0-6
6-60
0-10
10-30
30-60
K T
.32 5
.32
.43
.28
.28 5
.37
.32 3
.24
.28 3
.43 3
.24
.43 1
.24 1
.32 5
.10 1
.10
.32 5-4
.37
.32
.32 5
.37
.20 2
.24
.10
.24 5
.20 5
.32
.20 2
.32
.37
.32 5
.37
.43
.10
.20 5
.32 5
.28 5
.24 2
.28
.49 5
.43
.37
.32 5
.37
.28
.37
.43 5
.17 5
.20
.10
.49 5
.32 3
.49
.55
.37 1
.32
.32 4
.28 2
.28 1
.32
.15 5
.15
.28 3
.10
.43 5
.32 5
.37
.32 5
.28 4
.17 2
.17 5
.20
.15
.20 5-J4
.37
.24 5
.17
.17 5
.10
.17 2
.32 5
.15 3
.20
.10
.20 3
.37
.43
.37 5
.32
.32 5
.37
.20
SOIL
SERIES
FLYGARE
FLYNN
FOLA
FOND IS
FONTREEN
FORD
FORDVILLE
FORELLE
FORESTBURG
FORMAN
FORNEY
FORREST
FORSEY
FORSGREN
FORT COLLINS
FORTWINGATE
FOSSILON
FOSSUM
FOURLOG
FOURHILE
FOXPARK
FOXTON
FOXOL
FOY
FRADDLE
FRAM
FRANCIS
FRAZER
FRIANA
FREECE
FREEDOM
FRISCO
FRIDLO
FROLIC
FRONTON
FRUITA
FRUITLAND
(cold variant)
FRYE
FUERA
FULCHER
FULDA
GABALDON
SL
L
SCL
DEPTH
INCHES
0-17
17-36
36-60
0-6
6-16
16-60
0-7
7-23
23-60
0-60
0-16
16-34
0-24
24-60
0-4
4-15
15-60
0-17
0-4
4-29
29-60
29-60
0-30
0-B
8-38
38-66
0-8
8-18
18-60
0-13
13-23
23-32
0-15
0-8
8-60
0-16
16-60
0-9
9-24
24-40
0-10
10-26
0-7
7-17
0-11
11-60
0-4
4-33
0-18
18-60
0-23
23-73
0-60
0-3
3-39
39-54
0-3
3-20
0-60
0-16
16-80
0-29
29-43
43-60
0-35
35-42
42-66
0-3
3-16
0-4
4-20
20-60
0-26
26-39
39-58
0-12
0-12
0-12
12-26
26-38
38-60
0-15
15-31
31-64
0-11
11-42
42-60
0-60
0-60
K
.28
.28
.24
.15
.10
.10
.28
.32
.30
.17
.28
.20
.24
.10
.28
.32
.43
.17
.28
.28
.49
.28
.37
.32
.20
.37
.43
.49
.20
.20
.20
.32
.28
.28
.28
.20
.10
.17
.20
.10
.10
.1C
.24
.32
.24
.17
.32
.32
.24
.28
.28
.37
.17
.17
.32
.32
.37
.27
.28
.24
.49
.17
.15
.32
.49
.49
.24
.37
.55
.20
.28
.24
.32
.32
.28
.32
.15
.20
.49
.37
.28
.49
.28
.28
.17
.24
.32
.30
.28
.37
T
2
3
5
1
1
4
5
5
5-
5
5
2
4
5
2
1
2
5
5
3
1
-
5
-
3
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
A-7
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
GACHADO
GADDES
GADSDEN
GAINES
GALATA
GALCHUTT
GALETON
GALISTEO
GAL LATIN
GALLEGOS
GALLINA
GAMBLER
GANNETT
GAPO
GAPPMAYER
CAREER
GARDENA
GARDNER ' S
GARITA
GARLAND
GARLET
GARO
GARRETT
GARSID
GARZA
GAS CREEK
GATESON
GATEVIEW
GATEWAY
GAVINS
GAYLORD
GAYNOR
GAYVILLE
GEERTSEN
GELKIE
GENDA
GERBER
GERRARD
GETTYS
GIBBLER
GILA
GILBY
GILCREST
GILISPIE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-2
2-8
8-13
0-2
2-24
24-54
C 0-10
CL 0-10
10-60
0-22
22-32
32-48
0-8
8-60
0-60
0-14
14-60
0-6
6-60
0-34
34-50
50-60
0-21
21-50
0-10
10-21
21-60
0-13
13-20
20-45
0-10
10-60
0-8
8-60
0-22
22-60
EGRK 0-20
20-60
0-9
9-60
0-4
4-30
30-60
0-72
0-16
0-4
4-30
30-60
0-3
3-28
0-24
24-60
0-14
14-60
0-2
2-14
14-24
0-10
10-60
0-10
10-15
15-30
0-15
15-60
0-6
6-30
0-8
8-45
0-6
6-60
0-60
0-66
0-4
14-60
-
0-6
6-20
20-26
(L.SIL) 0-12
(FSL) 0-12
(CL) 0-12
12-60
0-33
33-60
0-9
9-22
22-60
0-6
6-20
K
.37
.32
.28
.39
.43
.37
.28
.32
.28
.32
.28
.15
.49
.55
.32
.10
.10
.37
.32
.43
.20
.10
.20
.10
.20
.24
.17
.28
.28
.24
.20
.28
.32
.10
.10
.28
.43
.15
.28
.10
.10
.32
.28
.10
.24
.28
.20
.28
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.15
.10
.32
.37
.32
.10
.10
.24
.24
.32
.43
.43
.37
.24
.32
.28
.24
.20
.28
.20
.43
.43
.17
.10
.28
.20
.17
.10
.55
.43
.37
.55
.28
.37
.15
.15
.10
.32
.28
T
1
1
S
3
4
5
5
4
5
5
3
5
2
5
5
2
5
4
5
1
5
3
5
2
2
5
3
2
5
3
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
3
1
SOIL
SERIES
GILKON
GILLAND
OILMAN
GILT EDGE
GIRARDOT
GIRD
GLADEL
GLASSNER
GLENBAR
GLENBERG
GLENDALE
GLENDIVE
GLENDERSON
GLENDING
GLENHAM
GLENROSS
GLENTON
GLYNDON
GOLDCREEK
GOLDFIELD
GOLDVALE
GOLVA
GOMEZ
GOOCH
GORDO
GORING
GORUS
GOSHEN
GOSHUTE
GOSLIN
GOTHARD
GOTHIC
GOTHO
GOURLEY
GOVE
GRABE
GRABLE
GRACEVILLE
GRAFEH
GRAHAM
GRAIL
SRAMH
GRANATH
GRANER
DEPTH
INCHES
0-42
42-60
0-28
FSL 0-13
L 0-13
CL 0-13
13-60
0-4
4-40
40-60
0-8
8-60
0-40
40-66
0-5
5-15
0-6
6-60
L 0-15
CL 0-15
15-60
0-6
6-60
L.SIL 0-60
CL.SICL 0-60
0-16
16-60
0-6
6-38
38-60
0-6
6-60
0-60
0-9
9-60
0-9
0-19
19-60
0-5
5-60
(FSL) 0-15
(LFS) 0-15
15-72
0-30
30-47
0-20
0-20
20-40
40-59
0-7
7-22
22-55
0-28
28-60
_
0-17
0-60
0-5
5-11
11-42
42-80
0-12
12-18
18-40
40-60
0-16
16-60
0-12
12-60
0-17
17-28
28-48
48-60
(SL.GR-SL) 0-16
(L.SICL) 0-16
16-60
0-10
10-30
0-6
6.14
0-60
0-18
18-60
0-13
13-60
60-80
K
.37
.28
.17
.26
.49
.37
.49
.49
.55
.28
.17
.17
.37
.43
.20
.28
.28
.32
.55
.32
.32
.15
.10
.49
.37
.32
.24
.24
.28
.37
.28
.37
. 24
. 32
.32
.28
.37
.22
.17
.24
.32
.43
.24
.17
.24
.32
.20
.43
.55
.49
.32
.32
.32
.37
.28
.32
.24
.32
.28
.49
.43
.20
.17
.15
.10
.10
.28
.37
.32
.37
.10
.10
.17
.10
.49
.49
.55
.32
.17
.15
.32
.20
.32
.32
.24
.28
.32
.24
.28
T
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
3
5
4
5
1
4
5-4
5
5
1
3
3
3
_
5
5
1
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
1
5
5
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
GRANILE
GRAND
GRANTSDALE
GRASSNA
GRAYPOINT
GRAT
GREAT BEND
GREEN CANYON
GREENOUGH
GREENLAW
GREEN RIVER
GREENSON
GRENADIER
GREYBACK
GREYBULL
GREYCLIFF
GRIFFY
GRIMSTAD
GRIMSTONE
GRIZZLY
GROWLER
GRUMMIT
GRUVER
GUADALUPE
GUAJE
GUBEN
GUEST
GUILDER
GULNARE
GUNBARREL
GUNSIGHT
GUNSOME
GUY
GYPNEVEE
GYSTRUM
HACCKE
HADES
HAGGA
HAGERMAN
HAGGERTY
HAGSTADT
HAILMAN
HALFORD
HALF MOON
HALGAITOH
GRV-L
GR-L
DEPTH
INCHES
0-9
9-18
18-41
41-60
0-"*8
1*8-60
0-32
32-36
0-60
4-16
16-60
0-4
0-13
13-60
0-9
9-16
16-1*2
0-40
40-48
0-1U
14-42
1*2-60
0-60
0-16
16-75
0-3
3-18
18-1*0
0-18
18-28
28-60
0-4
t-28
0-60
O-l*
1-19
19-60
0-28
0-12
12-20
20-27
0-7
7-13
13-60
_
0-8
8-80
0-38
38-60
0-14
0-Ht
0-1 1*.
I"* -44
W-51*
0-10
0-28
28-60
0-12
12-31
31-65
0-6
6-39
39-60
0-5
5-60
0-18
18-60
0-60
0-15
15-60
0-5
5-60
0-4
4-27
0-56
0-24
24-72
0~30
0-10
10-30
30-40
40-60
0-3
3-23
0-57
0-19
19-33
0-60
0-48
K
.15
.15
.10
.10
.28
.37
.37
.10
.32
.24
.10
.15
.32
.32
.43
.32
.37
.15
.37
.32
.20
.49
.15
.49
.32
.43
.28
.15
.10
.24
.15
.10
.37
.43
.37
.32
.28
.20
.20
.17
.24
.28
.37
.49
.32
.49
.28
.32
.32
.28
.17
.17
.17
.24
.17
.20
.37
.28
.28
.24
.32
.43
.24
.32
.28
.10
.10
.37
.10
.32
.24
.24
.49
.55
.43
.49
.43
.24
.73
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.28
.32
.28
.17
.10
.37
.49
T
5
5
3
5
1
5
5
2
3
5
5
3
5
3
3
5
5
5
2
5
5
2
5
4
2
2
2
-
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
4
2
5
5
2
S
2
3
3
S
2
A-8
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL SERIES
SERIES
HALL
HALLECK
HAMAR
HAMERLY
HAMILTON
HAHLEY
HANAKER
HAND
KAKDRAN
HANLY
HANS
HANSEL
HANSON
HANTZ
HAP
HAPNEY
HARBORD
HARDING
HARDSCRABBLE
HARDY
HARGREAVE
BARKERS
HARKEY
HARLAN
HARLEM
HARMONY
HARQUA
HARRIET
HARRISBURG
HARRISVILLE
HARVEY
HASKI
HASKILL
HASSELL
HAT
HATCH
HATERHUS
HATERTON
HATHAWAY
HATTIE
HAUGAN
MAUSER
HAVERLY
HAVERSON
HAVIG
HAVRE
HAVRELON
HAWKEYE
HAWKINS
HAWKSELL
HAKKSPRINGS
DEPTH
INCHES
_
0-16
:6-60
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-"*8
0-60
0-60
.28
0-9
9-60
0-60
0-7
7-31*
31-60
0-11
14-33
33-62
0-8
8-m
14-60
0-60
0-3
3-50
0-26
26-60
0-5
5-40
40-60
0-3
3-8
8-72
0-12
12-30
0-15
15-35
35-72
0-10
10-20
20-32
0-14
14-42
0-60
0-5
5-20
20-60
0-60
0-60
0-35
0-8
8-60
0-50
0-60
0-27
27-32
32-72
0-7
7-32
0-5
5-60
CB-L 0-2
L 0-2
2-23
23-36
0-18
0-2
2-14
0-24
24-60
0-60
0-15
15-35
35-49
49-66
0-12
0-24
0-6
6-60
0-60
0-60
0-52
0-38
38-74
0-60
0-32
32-60
0-7
7-24
24-47
47-60
K
.32
.20
.17
.17
.28
.37
.37
.32
.37
5
.10
.15
.17
.37
.43
.43
.37
.43
.49
.32
.37
.28
.24
.32
.28
.32
.15
.20
.20
.20
.28
.28
.20
.24
.24
.28
.43
.49
.28
.37
.43
.32
.24
.49
.43
.49
.55
.28
.10
.37
.24
.43
.43
.37
.49
.15
.20
.10
.43
.37
.32
.43
.17
.24
.32
.55
.49
.37
.43
.43
.10
.28
.32
.37
.32
.28
.32
.32
.28
.28
.32
.32
.15
.20
.28
.20
.24
.10
.10
.24
.32
.24
T
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
3
3
5
5
3
5
5
1
3
3
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
3
2
5
4
5
3
5
2
2
1
2
3
5-4
5
1
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
SOIL
SERIES
HAYTORD
HAYNESS
HAZTON
HEADQUARTERS
HEATH
HEBER
HEBGEN
HECHT
HECLA
HEFLIN
HEGNE
HEIL
HEIMDAL
HEINSAW
HEIST
HELDT
HENDRICKS
HENEFER
HENHOIT
HEMKIN
HERD
HEREFORD
HERMERING
HESPER
HESPERUS
HIERRO
HIGGINS
HIGHLAND
HIGHMORE
HIGH PARK
HIGHPOINT
HIIBNER
HIKO PEAK
HIKO SPRINGS
HILGER
HILLERY
HILLFIELD
MILLIARD
HILLON
HINMAN
HISEGA
HISLE
KITCHEN
HOBACKER
HOBOG
HOFFMANVILLE
HOGELAND
DEPTH
INCHES
0-5
5-19
19-29
29-60
0-15
15-60
0-17
0-29
29-51
0-5
5-22
22-60
0-60
0-7
7-14
14-24
24-60
0-4
4-9
9-32
0-72
0-4
4-36
36-56
0-60
0-60
0-19
19-60
0-8
8-60
0-12
12-42
42-60
0-S
6-60
0-15
15-66
0-20
20-60
0-10
10-60
0-20
20-70
0-13
0-13
0-13
13-60
0-3
3-60
0-44
44-60
0-11
11-44
44-60
0-10
10-29
29-60
0-13
13-28
28-72
0-6
6-60
0-8
0-6
6-52
0-34
34-60
0-14
14-60
0-60
0-1B
18-60
0-21
21-60
0-60
0-7
7-18
18-60
0-5
5-16
0-23
23-30
0-13
0-9
9-28
28-60
0-60
K
.34
.32
.24
.10
.32
.37
.15
.32
.24
.32
.32
.15
.15
.17
.24
.15
.10
.24
.37
.28
.17
.28
.32
.32
.28
.28
.28
.37
.28
.24
.32
.28
.10
.37
.43
.32
.32
.37
.24
.17
.28
.20
.23
.28
.37
.20
.49
.32
.28
.24
.37
.20
.28
.32
.32
.24
.20
.10
.43
.32
.43
.37
.32
.32
.32
.32
.20
.15
.20
.10
.24
.17
.32
.28
.24
.55
.55
.32
.32
.37
.37
.43
.28
.32
.28
.24
.15
.10
.37
.43
.15
.37
T
5
5
1
2
5
5
3
2
5
3
5
3
5-4
5
4
5
5
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
S
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
5
4
3
5
5
3
1
1
3
2
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
HOGG
HOGRIS
HOLDAWAY
HOLDEN
HOLDERNESS
HOLLOMAN
HOLLOHAY
HOLMES
HOLROYD
HOLT
HOMELAKE
HONDALE
HONDO
HONEYVILLE
HOODLE
HOOPER
HOPKINS
HOPLEY
HORATIO
HORD
HORROCKS
HORSLEY
HOSKIN
HOSKINNINA
HOSSICK
HOUDEK
HOURGLASS
HOUSE MOUNTA
HOVEN GF
HOVENWEEP
HOVERT
HOYE
HUB
HUBERT
HUECO
HUFFINE
HUGGINS
HUGHESVILLE
HUGUSTON
HUME
HUNCHBACK
HUNTING
HUPP
HURLEY
HUTT
HYANNIS
HYAT
DEPTH
INCHES
0-3
3-52
0-60
0-20
0-13
13-43
43-72
0-11
11-40
40-60
0-9
0-9
9-64
0-21
21-60
0-3
3-60
0-12
12-60
(L.SIL) 0-5
(S.SL) 0-5
(SICL) 0-5
5-41
41-60
0-5
5-57
0-13
13-64
0-13
13-42
0-5
5-18
18-32
32-60
0-16
0-42
0-4
4-19
0-42
0-6
0-7
7-28
0-12
0-18
18-23
0-10
10-50
IJtGRV-L.CBV- 0-12
5T-L n 1 9
IV-CL, CBV-CL ° "
0-10
10-32
L 0-4
GR-SL 0-4
4-60
0-6
6-14
14-60
0-15
15-48
48-105
0-5
5-30
0-5
5-24
24-35
35-60
0-12
12-27
0-3
3-16
0-6
6-60
0-14
14-60
0-60
0-18
18-60
0-4
4-66
0-3
3-12
12-30
0-11
11-25
25-28
28-60
K
.20
.24
.17
.37
.17
.15
.10
.24
.28
.24
.37
.28
.24
.28
.10
.28
.32
.20
.24
.24
.43
.24
.37
.37
.37
.32
.37
.43
.24
.20
.30
.32
.24
.10
.17
.37
.28
.32
.28
.15
.43
.32
.24
.49
.10
.10
.28
.28
.32
.43
.32
.37
.49
.32
.28
.24
.28
.32
.37
.32
.43
.37
.28
.20
.24
.32
.37
.32
.10
.32
.28
.24
.32
.37
.24
.37
.32
.32
.49
.28
.37
.43
.43
.28
.32
.10
.10
.32
.37
.28
.10
T
3
3
2
2
5
1
5
1
5
4
5
5
5
5
3
3
2
5
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
1
3
2
2
-
5
5
2
3
3
2
2
1
5
5
2
1
5
2
3
A-9
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
HYATTVILLE
HYDRO
HYRUM
HYSHAM
IGNACIO
ILDEFONSO
ILIAD
ILIFF
IMA
IMLAY
INAVALE
INCHAU
INDART
INGA
IPAGE
IPANO
IRIM
IROCK
IRONTON
ISBELL
ISMAY
ISOM
IVES
IVIE
IVINS
JACKS FSL.ST-FSL
L.CB-L
CB-CL,ST-CL
JACQUES L
CL
JAL
JAMES
JANSEN
JARITA
JARRE
JAVA
JAYEM
JEKLEY
JELM
JENKINS
JENKINSON
JERAG
JERAULD
JERRY
JOCITY SIC
SL
JOCKO
JODERO
JOPLIH
JORDAN
JORNADA
JUDITH
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
0-11
11-21
21-60
0-17
17-42
42-57
0-60
0-25
0-9
9-60
0-6
6-13
13-66
0-8
8-22
22-34
0-10
10-60
0-8
B-30
0-12
12-32
0-10
10-60
0-19
0-11
11-60
0-26
26-42
0-21
21-60
0-8
8-60
0-8
8-42
42-70
0-60
0-8
0-60
0-30
30-72
0-24
24-64
0-3
0-3
0-3
3-42
0-10
0-10
10-44
0-12
12-60
.32
0-28
0-8
8-24
24-60
0-60
0-22
0-5
5-18
0-10
10-28
0-8
8-14
0-9
9-19
0-11
11-40
40-60
0-9
0-9
0-41
41-60
0-7
7-16
16-36
0-24
24-70
0-8
8-60
0-7
7-60
0-10
10-26
26-44
44-60
K
.28
.49
.43
.37
.28
.20
.32
.43
.24
.24
.15
.37
.43
.37
.32
.37
.32
.32
.37
.32
.17
.32
.28
.32
.37
.32
.37
.17
.37
.20
.10
.24
.17
.32
.43
.24
.24
.37
.43
.43
.10
.15
.20
.28
.10
.20
.15
.24
.49
.32
.17
.49
.32
.24
.32
.37
.28
4
.32
.24
.28
.10
.26
.28
.43
.37
.49
.15
.10
.24
.28
.37
.28
.43
.32
.37
.43
.28
.20
.37
.28
.32
.15
.10
.28
.24
.37
.43
.55
.43
.32
.37
.28
.15
T
2
5
2
5
2
3
5
3
5
2
5
3
3
3
5
5
2
5
3
2
4
5
1
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
5
2
3
5
5
2
1
5
1
1
3
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
1
4
SOIL
SERIES
JUDY
JUGET
JULESBURG
JUNCTION
JUDSON
JURA
JUVAN
KADE
KADOKA
KALISPELL
KAMACK
KANOSH
KAPOD
KARDE
KARRO
KASSLER
KATHER
KEARNS
KEBLER
KECH
KEELDAR
KEIGLEY
KEISER
KEITH
KELVIN
KEMMERER
KENNEBEC
KENO
KENSAL
KENSPUR
KEOTA
KERMIT
KERMO
KERRICK
KERSICK
KERWIN
KESSLER
KETTLE
KETTNER
KEVIN
KEYA
KEYNER
KEZAR
KIDMAN
KIEV
KILBURN
KILDOR
KILFOIL
KILLPACK
KILN
KIM
KIMBROUGH
KIMMONS
KINESA-M
DEPTH
INCHES
0-8
8-28
0-14
0-6
0-60
0-60
0-10
10-30
30-42
0-8
8-45
0-6
6-15
15-44
0-18
18-34
34-72
0-13
13-65
0-60
0-15
15-60
0-6
6-60
0-7
7-32
0-9
9-39
39-76
0-9
9-13
13-24
0-4
4-16
0-10
10-60
0-65
0-12
12-50
0-13
13-60
0-4
4-24
0-4
4-25
25-48
0-32
0-84
0-64
0-10
10-31
0-17
0-66
L 0-3
CBV-L 0-3
3-60
0-26
26-40
40-60
0-17
0-30
30-60
0-6
6-18
18-60
0-10
10-26
0-11
11-60
0-12
.37
0-11
11-60
0-10
10-30
0-3
3-21
21-30
0-29
0-10
0-6
6-60
0-8
0-8
8-30
0-39
39-60
A i n
K T
.37 5
.37
.10 1
.24 5
.24 5
.28 5
.24 5
-
.24 2
.28
.55
.32 4
.32 5
.37
.20 2
.43
.24
.32 3
.49
.37
.17 2
.20
.37 5
.49 5
.43
.10 5
.10
.15 2
.20
.43 3
.49
.55
.15 2
.15
.10
.28 1
.32
.10 5
.10
.43 5
.37 5
.32
.32 5
.28 5-4
.37
.32 3
.37
.32 5
.24 5
.32
.28
.28 4
.32 4
.37 4
.15 5
.15 5
.32 2
.32
.32 1
.43 5
.32 2
.24 2
.43
.10 5
.10
.10
.28 2
.32 5
.37
.32 5
.17 5
.24
.32
.20 3
.17
.43 3
.55
.32 5
.20 2
.17
.28 2
.24
.17 2
.28
.32
.43 2
.28 1
.37 5
.43
.28 1
.24 2
.32
.24 3
.20
SOIL
SERIES
KINKEAD
KINNEAR
KINREAD
KIPPEN
KIRKHAM
KIRTLEY
KISSICK
KITCHELL
KITTREDGE
KITTSON
KIWANIS
KJAR
KLONDIKE
•KLOTEN
KNUTSEN
KOBAR
KOKAN
KOLLS
KOLOB
KOONICH
KORCHEA
KORNMAN
KOVICH
KRANZBURG
KRATKA
KRAUSE
KREM
KREMLIN
KRENTZ
KUBE
KUBLER
KUMA
KURO
KUTCH
KUTLER
KYLE
LABARGE
LA BRIER
LACHAPELLA
LACITA
LADDER
LADELLE
LADNER
LAFONDA
LAHRITY
LAIL
LAJARA
LAKE CREEK
LAKEHELEN
LAKE JANEE
LAKEPORT
LAKESHORE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-7
7-55
0-10
10-60
0-66
0-15
15-60
0-34
34-68
0-4
4-30
0-11
11-60
0-60
0-8
8-24
24-48
0-11
11-60
0-9
9-36
36-60
8-0
0-60
0-14
0-16
0-33
33-60
0-6
6-66
0-60
0-10
10-52
0-23
23-40
40-60
0-60
0-12
12-60
0-29
29-60
_
0-21
0-17
17-53
0-30
30-60
0-66
0-4
4-8
8-14
0-15
15-47
47-60
0-10
10-30
30-60
0-15
0-7
7-30
0-6
6-23
0-4
"4-60
0-5
5-16
16-60
0-49
49-77
0-5
0-72
0-16
5-60
0-60
0-6
6-60
8-8
8-60
0-11
11-38
38-60
0-22
22-60
0-6
6-20
20-30
0-20
20-50
0-66
0-S1
K
.32
.28
.32
.28
.43
.15
.15
.24
.55
.37
.49
.37
.43
.17
.28
.28
.28
.24
.32
.32
.20
.10
.32
.20
.32
.10
.10
.32
.37
.15
.28
.20
.10
.20
.32
.15
.32
.32
.20
.32
.10
.32
.32
.17
.28
.10
.17
.37
.37
.43
.37
.10
.32
.24
.17
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.20
.20
.10
.10
.43
.37
.24
.20
.10
.32
.37
.28
.49
28
.37
.28
.17
.28
.43
.37
.32
.28
.37
.24
.?4
.28
.32
.28
.32
.28
.28
49
T
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
2
4
5
3
1
2
3
_
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
3
4
5
5
2
5-4
5
2
5
5
5
1
2
2
5
5
5
4
5
1
5
3-2
5
6
5
2
4
2
1
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
LAKEWIN
UKQA
LAKOHA
ULANDE
LAllIE
LAHANGA
LAHARSH
LAMBERT
tAHBETH
LAHBMAN
LAMO
UHONDI
UWOURE
LAMPHIER
LAMPSHIRE GR-CL 'gw-L,
CBV-SL.GRV-SL.GP. -CL.CB-
LANE
LANEY
LANGHEI
LANKIN
LANTIN
LANTRY
LAP
LA PALHA SL
L.VFSL.SIL
LAPLATTA
LAPORTE
LAPRAIRIE
URAND
LARGO
LARIM
LARIMER
LARKSON
LARRY
LARSON
LARVIE
LAS
LAS ANIMAS
LASAUSES
LASIL
LAS LUCAS
LASSEL
LATEHE L
FSL
LATOH
UUR£L
LAVATE
LAVEEN SL
L
CL
UVERKIK
UVtHA
UWTHER
MTTOH
UZEAX
LEA
LEADVILLE
LEAL
DEPTH
INCHES
0-27
27-60
0-50
0-60
0-6
6-19
19-60
0-5
5-24
0-60
0-66
0-3
3-14
14-18
0-28
28-73
0-60
0-16
16-60
0-8
0-8
0-8 SL
0-4
4-60
0-60
0-24
24-60
0-4
4—22
22-60
0-4
4-19
0-7
0-7
7-27
0-8
8-35
35-55
0-16
0-60
0-16
16-32
32-60
0-65
0-15
15-60
0-7
7-22
22-30
30-60
0-20
20-60
0-60
0-6
6-60
0-10
10-60
0-9
9-48
0-45
0-8
8-26
26-60
0-11
0-11
11-37
37-50
0-8
0-60
0-13
0-13
0-13
13-60
0-60
0-6
6-19
0-60
0-66
0-4
4-14
0-10
10-26
0-8
8-40
UO-60
0-4
4-60
K
.17
.10
.32
.28
.37
.37
.32
.37
.17
.24
.17
.37
.43
.32
.37
.43
.20
.32
.28
.28
.28
.32
.28
.15
.28
.32
.43
.32
.28
.37
.28
. 24
.28
.43
.32
. 28
.20
.55
.37
.20
.28
.32
.32
.28
.24
.24
.28
.49
.24
.10
.24
.32
.10
.10
.15
.28
.32
.28
.32
.17
.15
.17
.24
.43
.43
.49
.32
.43
.10
.49
.28
.43
.15
.24
.28
.15
.49
.37
.49
.37
.13
. 37
.32
.20
.20
.20
.28
.32
.26
.10
.10
.10
T
2
4
5
5
5
2
5
3
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
5
5-4
5
5
4
1
2
2
3
1
5
3
5
2
2
5
3-2
4
3
5
5
1
4
3
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
4
1
5
5
1
3
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
LEAPS
LEATHAM
LEAVITT
LEAVITTVILLE
LEBO
LEBSACK
LEDGEFORK
LEDRU
LEEDS
LEETON
LEFOR
LEHMANS
c Gr -c
CP.-CL
LEHR
LELAND
LEMERT
LEN
LENNEP
LEOTA
LEPLEY
LESHARA
LETCHER
LEWISTON
LIBBINGS
LIBBY
LIBEG
LICK
LICK CREEK
LIHEN
LIKES
LIMBER
LIMON
LINKET
LINOYER
LINTON
LISADE
LISAM
LISMAS
LISHORE
LITIMBER
LITLE
LITTLEBEAR
LITTLE HORN
LITTLE POLE
LITTSAH
LIVONA
LIZZANT
LOBERG
LOBERT
LOBURN
LOCKERBY
LODAR
LOFTON
LOGAM
A
DEPTH
INCHES
0-60
0-10
10-54
0-7
7-38
38-60
0-11
11-28
28-60
0-28
28-50
0-6
6-34
34-60
0-13
13-31
31-60
0-4
4-17
0-15
' 15-60
0-9
9-36
36-72
0-15
0-1
1-14
1-14
0-15
15-60
0-38
38-58
0-60
0-5
5-11
11-30
30-40
0-8
8-32
32-73
0-66
0-60
0-10
10-32
32-50
0-34
0-7
7—60
0-4
4—56
0-18
18-30
0-6
6—16
0-60
0-60
0-3
3-15
15-32
0-4
4-60
0-80
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-15
0-10
0-10
10-22
0-23
23-60
0-7
7-35
0-16
0-2
2-24
0-15
15-60
0-60
0-12
12-27
27-72
0-38
0-20
0-9
9-BO
0-13
13-26
. , 26-45
K
.24
.28
.43
.32
.37
.43
.28
.43
.20
.32
.28
.20
.28
.28
.17
.20
.24
.28
.32
.37
.37
.32
32
.20
.20
.32
. 24
.32
.28
.10
.49
.55
.32
.37
.32
.28
.15
.49
.37
.43
.28
.43
.28
.20
.24
.28
.43
.28
32
.28
.37
.32
.32
37
.17
.15
.37
.28
.24
.24
.32
.43
.43
.32
.32
.32
.43
.28
.37
.32
.15
.10
.43
.37
.15
.28
.28
.20
.37
.20
.37
.32
.28
-
.37
.28
.24
.32
.32
.20
.32
.24
T
5
1
5
5
5
5
2
1
5
2
4-3
1
3-2
1
3
3
5
5
5
3
4
1
5
5
5
1
5
5
2
5
5
5
5-4
5
2
2
5
3
5
2
1
3
5
2
5
—
3
3
1
5
2
SOIL DEPTH
SERIES WCHES
LOGGERT
LOHLER
LGHMILLER
LOHNES
LOHSMAN
LOLO
LOLON
LOMA
LOMITAS
LONE PINE
LONE ROCK
LONETREE
LONGMONT
LONTI GR-L.CB-L
CR-SL.SL
LOS ALAMOS
LOS TANOS
LOSEE CR-L
CK-SL
LOSTHELLS
LOTHAIR
LOUP
LOUVIERS
LOVELAND
LOWRY
LOZIER
LUBRECHT
LUCKY
LUCKY STAR
LUDDEN
LUHON
LULUDE
LUNA CL
CB-SIL
LUNCH
LUNDY
LUPINTO
LUTE
LUTH
LUTON
LUXOR
LUZENA
deep variant
LUZENA GR-L.CB-L
GS-CL
LYMANSON
LYNNDYL
LYNX FSL
L
0-19
19-60
0-60
0-60
0-4
u-26
0-18
18-60
0-8
8-17
17-28
28-40
0-5
5-28
28-60
0-13
0-6
6-40
0-18
18-60
0-60
0-2
0-2
2-68
0-5
5-25
25-"0
0-24
0-4
0-4
u-17
17-55
0-60
0-34
34-60
0-4
4-14
0-11
11-30
30-60
0-8
0-9
9-27
0-12
12-28
0-13
13-35
35-70
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-22
22-30
0-7
0-7
7-30
30-42
0-25
25-60
0-20
0-4
4-9
9-60
0-4
0-52
52-71
0-5
0-10
10-34
0-5
0-5
5-20
0-5
5-30
0-4
4-42
42-72
0-2
0-2
0-60
K
.28
.24
.28
.37
.15
.28
.37
.24
. 20
.32
. 28
.24
.10
. 43
.28
.32
.43
.37
.43
.10
.10
.32
.43
.15
.28
.28
.37
.24
.32
.17
.10
.17
. 28
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.32
.32
.10
.32
.10
.37
.43
.15
.20
.28
.28
.28
.28
.28
.28
.10
.10
,37
.49
.28
.49
.10
.22
.28
.32
.28
.32
.24
.49
.43
.24
.28
.24
.32
.32
.43
.32
.24
.32
.43
.15
. 24
.10
.24
.49
.37
T
5
5
5
5
2
5
3
5
1
5
5
4
5
5
3
3
2
2
5
5
1
3
5
1
2
2
2
5
5
2
2
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
1
2
1
1
3
4
5
5
5
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
Tci-L^tlM
CI
MACAR
MACFARLANE
MACK
HADDOCK
MAGNUS
MACKEN
HADDOCK
MADUREZ
MAGGIN
HAGINNIS
MAGNA
MAGOTSU
HAIDEN
MAITLAND
MAJADA
MAKOTI
MALJAMAR
MALPOSA
MALSTROM
MANASSA
HANBURN
MANDAN
MANDERFIELD L
GR-L
MANFRIED
MANHATTEN
MANILA
MANNING
MANSKER
MANTER
MANVEL
MANTZ
MANWOOD
MANZANO
MANZANOLA
MAPLE MOUNTAIN
MARCETTA
MARCIAL
MARIAS
MARICOPA
MARIPO
MARMARTH
MARRIOTT
MARSELL
MARSHDALE
MARTINSDALE
DEPTH
INCHES
,STV- 0-12
i'CTT 0-12
i— OIL
0-38
38-62
0-18
18-40
40-60
0-4
4-18
18-36
36-60
0-60
0-60
0-10
10-22
22-60
0-3
3-36
0-4
4-16
0-70
0-17
0-6
6-13
13-36
0-7
7-50
0-34
34-60
0-24
24-50
0-25
25-60
0-60
0-7
7-14
0-29
29-47
0-16
0-16
16-20
0-60
0-9
9-21
21-29
29-60
0-17
17-42
42-63
0-23
23-60
0-12
12-66
0-13
13-25
25-60
0-4
4-60
0-4
4-24
24-60
_
0-14
14-60
0-8
8-30
30-60
0-10
0-10
10-33
33-70
0-52
0-74
0-26
26-60
0-34
34-60
0-7
7-35
0-22
22-61
0-10
10-33
33-56
0-30
30-60
0-6
6-14
14-66
K
.37
.43
.32
.37
.10
.10
.10
.20
.28
.28
.10
.17
.17
.28
.17
.20
.32
.37
.32
.28
.28
.24
.28
.24
.37
.28
.24
.28
.24
.17
.32
.43
.17
.24
_
.17
.28
.49
.10
.10
.32
.43
.24
.20
.10
.32
.20
.24
.15
.20
.43
.37
.43
.24
.17
.28
.28
.15
.15
.15
.37
.43
.37
.43
.55
_
.28
.32
.24
.28
.24
.28
.28
.32
.28
.37
.37
.37
.10
.17
.10
.32
.37
.32
.32
.20
.28
.20
.37
.37
.32
.37
.32
T
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
1
1
1
2
5
3
5
5
_
3
1
1
5
2
2
3
5
2
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
3
2
5
3
4
5
SOIL
SERIES
MARTINEZ
MARTINI
HARVAN
MARY ELLEN
MARYSLAND
MASCHETAH
MATCHER
MATHERS
MATHIS
MAUGHAN
MAUKEY
MAURICE
MAWER
MAX
MAXVILLE
MAY DAY
MAYFIELD
MAYFLOWER
MAYLAND
MAYOWORTH
MAYSDORF
MCALLISTER
MCBETH
MCCAFFERY
MCCLAVE
MCCOOK
MCCORMICK
MCCORT
MCDONALD
MCDONALDSVILLE
MCFADDIN
MCGAFFEY
MCGINTY
MCILWAINE
MCINTYRE
MCKENZIE
MCKINNEY
MCMURDIE
MCNARY CL
c
MCPAUL
MCPHIE
MCQUARRIE
MCRAE
MCVICKERS FSL
VFSL
A
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-35
35-60
0-70
0-60
0-9
9-42
0-27
0-65
0-9
9-22
22-60
0-2
2-7
7-27
27-60
0-13
0-25
25-32
32-60
0-5
5-12
12-48
0-13
13-60
0-16
16-60
0-18
18-32
32-36
0-17
0-65
0-8
8-32
0-9
9-14
14-30
30-60
0-7
7-12
12-34
0-4
4-10
10-32
32-60
0-2
12-47
47-72
0-68
0-66
0-19
19-60
0-11
11-72
0-6
6-21
21-31
31-60
0-10
10-42
42-66
0-30
30-60
0-3
3-60
0-60
0-19
19-60
0-3
3-33
33-60
0-12
12-30
0-60
0-6
6-60
0-14
14-33
33-58
0-4
0-4
4-56
0-12
12-60
0-34
0-60
0-15
0-15
15-22
22-52
i A
K
.43
.24
.20
.37
.37
.20
.28
.28
.32
.15
.15
.10
.28
.24
.15
.10
.10
.28
.49
.20
.37
.32
.28
.32
.15
.20
.28
.37
.37
.32
.10
.20
.37
.24
.32
.28
.32
.24
.28
.37
.43
.37
.15
.24
.28
.37
.44
.37
.28
.28
.15
.15
.15
.28
.37
.37
.20
.24
.17
.24
.37
.32
.37
.28
.17
.20
.24
.32
.17
.17
.32
.20
.10
.17
.32
.28
.32
.37
.37
.32
.49
.32
.24
.20
_
.24
.28
.20
.37
.24
.49
.49
.24
T
5
5
5
1
4
5
3
5
4
3
3
5
3
5-4
3
1
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
.
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
5
2
5
3
2
5
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
MEAD
MEADIN
MEANDER
MEDANO
MEETEETSE
MELLENTHIN
MELLAR
MELOCHE
MELVILLE
MENDENHALL
MENDON
MENEFEE
MENOKEN
MERDEN
MEREDITH
MERGEL
MERNA
MERINO
MESA
MESCAL
MESCALERO
MESITA
MESPUN
METIGOSHE
METRE
MICHELSON
MIDDLE
MIDDLEWOOD
MIDESSA
MIDNIGHT
MIDWAY
MIKESELL
MILL
MILLARD L
GR-L
MILLBORO
MILLBURNE
MILLERLAKE
MILLETT GR-SL.GR-LS
GR-L
MILL HOLLOW
MILLIKEN
MILLVILLE
HILREN
MIMBRES
MINATARE
MINCHEY
MINE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-60
0-12
12-60
0-3
3-24
24-60
0-15
0-60
0-9
9-56
0-5
5-23
23-30
30-60
0-10
10-60
0-7
7-28
28-48
0-14
0-30
0-30
30-60
0-10
10-60
0-5
5-24
24-60
0-9
0-4
4-20
20-60
0-2
2-60
0-10
10-28
0-10
10-30
0-60
0-26
26-60
0-5
5-38
38-72
0-12
12-28
0-4
4-14
0-10
10-60
0-12
0-14
0-11
11-15
15-45
45-65
0-12
12-60
0-10
0-10
10-30
30-72
_
0-4
4-8
8-30
30-60
0-4
4-20
20-60
0-2
0-2
2-18
18-40
0-34
34-60
0-14
14-60
0-12
12-65
0-3
3-60
0-42
42-56
-
0-20
20-48
0-6
6-60
K
.37
.28
-
.24
.10
.43
.49
.43
.17
.55
.32
.37
.28
.32
.28
.20
.37
.28
.32
.32
.37
.32
.43
.10
.10
.20
.37
.37
.43
.49
.28
.28
.28
.10
.24
.49
.28
.17
.24
.28
.10
.24
.17
.28
.32
.32
.24
.24
.24
.28
.32
.28
.28
.28
.43
.32
.37
.32
.37
.15
.15
.28
.24
.28
.10
.28
.20
.28
.10
.10
.28
.37
.43
.15
.49
.37
.28
.20
.05
.10
.10
.43
.49
.24
.28
.43
.28
.28
.37
.20
.10
.10
T
5
3
-
5
2
1
1
4
5
5
3
1
3
2
5
5
1
3
5
2
2
5
4-3
4
5
2
1
3
1
1
4
5
3
5
3
5
5
5
2
5
3
_
5
5
1
3
5
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
NINERAL MOUNTAIN
HINNEOSA
MINKEQUA
MINKEWAUKAN
HIOH
MIRABEL
MIRACLE
HIRAUDA
MIRROR LAKE
MIRROR
MISHAK
HITCH SIL
SL
MITCHELL
HOAHO
MOBEETIE
HOBRIDGE
HODALE
MODENA
HOEN
MOENKOPIE SL.LS
CR-LS.GRV-LS
L
HOEPITZ
MOrrAT
MOGOLLON
HOGOTE
HOHALL SL
L
C,CL
HOHAVE
(L
MOIESE
MOKIAK
MOLAS
HOLLMAN
MONAD
MONDAMIN
MOKDEY
MONROE
MONTE
MONTEROSA
HOHTICELLO
HONTOSA
HONTOYA
HOHTVALE
HONTWEL
HOWIE
MOODY
HORD
HOREAU
HORENO
DEPTH
INCHES
0-8
8-34
34-60
0-44
44-60
0-4
4-30
0-60
0-14
0-23
0-4
U-30
0-60
0-16
16-70
0-8
8-30
0-12
12-30
30-60
0-2,6
0-26
26-60
0-9
0-10
10-60
0-6
6-54
0-5
5-23
0-9
0-9
0-9
0-30
0-60
0-13
13-60
0-8
8-37
37-45
45-60
0-10
0-10
0-10
10-35
35-60
0-11 (SL)
,CL) 0-11
11-55
55-60
0-6
6-11
11-18
18-60
0-38
0-18
18-33
0-31
34-60
0-14
14-49
49-74
0-9
9-31
31-60
0-6
6-60
0-7
7-60
0-12
0-8
8-56
0-6
6-18
18-60
0-60
0-18
0-12
12-37
0-52
0-16
16-70
0-8
8-14
14-60
K
20
32
43
17
37
32
32
15
H3
17
28
28
,32
.32
.17
,15
.10
.10
.10
.10
.24
.10
.43
.43
.43
.24
.24
.32
.43
.43
.32
.37
.15
.10
.49
.49
.32
.28
.37
.32
.37
.20
.10
.20
.49
.28
.32
.20
.49
.49
.43
.37
.32
.28
.20
.10
.10
.20
.24
.32
.32
.37
.37
.32
.37
.20
.32
.32
.28
.37
.24
.24
.17
.37
.43
.37
.20
.10
.37
.17
.43
.37
.49
.32
.32
.37
.32
.32
.24
.28
.20
T
2
5
2
4
2
2
3
3
2
1
3
5
5
5
5
1
3
5
-
5
2
1
1
1
2
2
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
3
5
1
2
4
5
4
5
4
5
SOIL
SERIES
MORET
HORGALA
HORIARTY
MORLING
MORONI
MOROP
MORSET
MORTENSON
MORTON
MORVAL
MOSCA
MOSBY
MOSHER
MOSIDA
MOSLANDER
MOTA
HOTOQUA
MOTT
MOUNTAINVILLE
MOUNT HOME
HOWEBA
HOYERSON
MUCET
MUDRAY
MUD SPRINGS
MUGGINS
MUGHOUSE
MULT
MUNDOS
MULLGULLO
MULLINVILLE
MUNJOR
MUNK
MURHO
MURDOCK
MUSINIA
MUSSEL
MUSSELSHELL
MYSTEN
MYTON SL,L
ST-SL , ST-S
NAGEESI
NAHON
NAKAI
NAMBE
NAMON
NAPA
NAPALTO
NAPLENE
NAPLES L
SL
NARROWS
NASER
DEPTH
INCHES
0-6
6-15
0-4
4-29
29-60
0-60
0-14
0-60
0-10
10-25
25-60
0-7
7-18
18-60
0-12
12-60
0-11
11-35
0-21
21-57
0-5
5-30
30-60
0-30
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-16
0-46
46-60
0-11
11-60
0-17
17-60
0-30
30-55
0-18
0-17
0-2
2-12
12-17
0-25
0-12
12-18
18-50
50-60
0-4
4-24
0-14
14-24
0-8
8-28
28-60
0-2
2-18
18-60
0-4
4-12
12-60
0-17
17-32
0-27
0-8
8-60
0-41
41-47
47-59
59-73
0-7
7-26
26-56
56-72
0-60
0-6
0-6
6-14
14-36
0-62
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-48
-
0-60
0-60
0-20
0-20
20-72
0-60
K
.32
.37
.24
.32
.32
.37
.43
.24
.17
.28
.32
.24
.28
.24
.32
.17
.32
.43
.32
.43
.10
.15
.10
.32
.43
.43
.28
.49
.10
.20
.15
.15
.15
.10
.10
.20
.24
.28
.28
.32
.43
.37
.15
.15
.15
.10
.10
.32
.15
.24
.32
.24
.28
.20
.15
.37
.10
.32
.37
.43
.24
.28
.10
.24
.43
.20
.32
.37
.20
.37
.24
.32
.37
.24
.10
.10
.28
.20
.32
.20
.28
.32
.49
.15
.49
.43
.49
.37
.43
.28
.49
.49
T
1
5
5
1
5
5
5
2
t-3
5
5
2
3
5
5
5
2
5-4
1
5
3
1
1
1
2
5
2
2
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
2
2
5
3
3
5
4
3
5
5
5
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
NATHROP
NATRONA
NATURITA
NAVAJO
NEBEKER
NEC HE
NEDERLAND
NEESOPAH
NEHAR
NELMAN
NELSON
NEMOTE
MEOLA
HEPALTO
NEPESTA
NEPHI
NESDA
NESKAHI
NETO
NETTLETON
NEVEE
NEVILLE
NEVINE
NEWCASTLE
NEWCOMB
NEWFORK
NEWKIRK
NEWLIN
NIBLEY
NICKEL
NIELSEN
NIHILL
NIKEY
NIMBRO
NIOBELL
NIPPT
NIRADA
NISHNA
NISHON
NIWOT
NOBE
NODEN
NOEL
NOKHU
NOLAH
NOONAN
NORA
NORBERT
NORCAN
A-13
DEPTH
INCHES
0-3
8-15
15-28
0-u
0-60
0-14
14-55
55-70
0-10
10-60
0-7
7-20
20-60
0-14
14-60
0-47
0-10
10-26
0-9
9-30
0-3
3-80
0-12
0-60
0-15
15-60
0-10
10-33
33-70
0-8
8-60
0-69
0-13
13-38
38-58
0-18
18-30
30-50
50-66
0-10
10-60
0-17
17-32
32-60
0-60
0-15
15-60
0-7
7-17
0-8
8-17
17-22
22+
0-13
13-43
43-58
0-11
11-19
19-60
0-19
0-8
8-60
SL 0-26
STV-SL 0-26
26-60
0-60
0-9
9-14
14-40
0-13
13-60
0-14
14-60
0-5
5-20
20-60
0-14
14-32
32-60
0-9
0-60
0-27
0-15
15-60
K T
.24 2
.32
.43
.24 1
.43 5
.37 3
.24
.43
.32 5
.43
.10 5
.10
.10
.24 5
.24
.10 2
.15 3
.15
.20 3
.20
.15 5
.10
.28 1
.49 5
.37 5
.37
.32 2
.43
.55
.32 5
.10
.49 5
.20 3
.20
.15
.43 5
.37
.32
.17
.32 5
.28 5
.37
.32 5
.28
.17
.28 5
.24 5
.10
.24 1
.28
.10 3
.10
.10
.10
.28 3
.37
.43
.17 2
.17
.17
.28 1
.24 5
.20
.24 3
.20 3
.24
.32 5
.32 3-2
.28 2
.24
.10
.28 5
.24
.28 5
.43 3
.28 5
.10
.24 5
.28
.37
.28 5
.28
.24
.17 3
.32 3-2
.32 5
.32 4
.37 1
.24 1
.32
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
NORDIC
NORKA
NORREST
NORRISTON
NORTE
NORTHDALE
NORTONVILLE
NORWAY FLAT
NOTARY
NUCLA
NUTLEY
NUTRAS
OAHE
OAKDEN
OAK LAKE
OASIS
OBRAST
OBRAY
OCEANET
OGLALA
OHAYSI
OJATA
OKATON
OKO
OKREEK
OLDHAM
OLGA
OLJETO
OLNEY
OMADE
ONASON
ONOVA
ONAWA
ONEILL
ONITA
ONITE
ONRAY
OPAL
ORCHARD
ORDNANCE
ORDWAY
ORELLA
OREM
DEPTH
INCHES
0-15
15-40
40-70
0-7
7-13
13-60
0-9
9-16
16-60
0-30
30-60
0-8
8-31
0-12
12-60
0-12
12-60
0-10
10-60
0-6
6-21
21-50
0-12
12-30
30-60
0-10
10-47
47-60
0-60
0-9
9-60
CL 0-17
L 0-17
17-36
36-44
44-60
0-7
0-13
13-48
48-60
0-60
0-7
7-60
0-7
7-36
36-60
0-5
5-14
0-9
9-14
0-8
8-60
0-27
27-60
0-11
11-60
0-69
0-8
8-16
16-22
22-60
0-8
8-80
0-3
3-11
0-60
0-6
6-25
25-60
0-5
5-24
24-60
0-4
4-34
0-16
16-35
0-72
K
.20
.24
.20
.32
.32
.32
.37
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.43
.37
.37
.43
.20
.20
.32
.32
.37
.32
.43
.20
.20
.10
.24
.28
.24
.28
.28
.15
.37
.55
.55
.37
.20
.28
.28
.28
.32
.49
.49
.20
.24
.32
.32
.49
.15
.24
.28
.32
.28
.17
.32
.43
.32
.28
.28
.28
.43
.43
.32
.49
.24
.32
.32
.24
.32
.32
.32
.24
.20
-
.28
.20
.28
.24
.32
.28
.32
.28
.28
.28
.10
.32
.28
.24
.32
.32
.32
T
4
5
4
3
2
3
5
1
5
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
ORO GRANDE
OROFINO
ORSA
ORTIZ
ORTON
ORWET
OSAKIS
OSCURA
OSGOOD
OSHA
OSMUND
OSORIDGE
OSOTE
OSTLER
DEPTH
INCHES
0-10
10-16
0-4
4-23
23-48
0-20
20-60
0-28
0-14
14-60
0-60
0-30
0-32
32-50
0-10
10-30
30-60
0-5
5-23
0-33
33-55
0-18
18-60
OTERO (SL,FSL)0-14
5
5-4
5
5
5
4
1
5
5
5
4
5
1
5
1
5
2
5
4
5
3-2
5
5
5
5
1
-
5
4
5
5
5
4
3
3
3
2
5
(GR-SL)
OUARD
OURAY
OVERGAARD GR-L
LFS
FSL
GR-SL .GR-FSL
OVERLY
OWEN CREEK
PACK
PACTOLA
PAGODA
PAGOSA
PAHREAH
PAICE
PAINTROCK
PAJARITO
PAKA
PALA
PALACIO
PALISADE
PALMA
PALMER CANYON
PALOMAS
PALOMINO L
FSL
STX-FSL
STX-L
PALOS VERDES GR-SL
GRV-SL
GR-L
PANGUITCH
PANKY
PAOLI
PARCHIF
0-14
14-60
0-2
2-16
0-20
20-60
0-10
0-10
0-10
0-10
10-42
42-52
0-60
0-6
6-36
0-60
0-16
16-46
46-60
0-22
22-44
0-12
12-38
0-31
0-4
4-12
12-30
0-5
5-60
0-3
3-18
18-40
0-4
4-22
22-44
0-16
16-72
0-7
7-60
0-4
4-28
28-60
0-16
16-66
0-9
0-9
0-9
0-9
9-15
0-1
0-1
0-1
10-21
21-60
0-11
11-47
47-56
0-6
6-24
24-60
0-20
20-25
25-60
K
.28
.17
.32
.28
.17
.10
.10
.28
.28
.28
.10
.37
.10
.20
.15
.32
.28
.20
.20
.28
.24
.28
.28
.28
.10
.10
.10
.24
.28
.24
.10
.43
.15
.28
.15
.20
.28
.32
.37
.43
.32
.37
.23
.43
.49
.24
.28
.15
.28
.28
.37
.43
.32
.17
.32
.32
.24
.17
.15
.20
.28
.17
.28
.43
.24
.28
.32
.28
.20
.17
.28
.49
.24
.10
.28
.17
.15
.10
.49
.32
.20
.28
.20
.15
.32
.32
.28
.20
.20
.20
.32
T
1
5
5
3
4
3-2
5
5
3
5
2
4
5
5
5
2
2
5
5
5
5
5-4
3
5
5
4
4
2
2
2
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
5
3
5
3
SOIL
SERIES
PARIETTE
PARKAY
PARLEYS
PARLIN
PARLO
PARNELL
PARSHALL
PARTRI
PASSAR
PASS CANYON
PASSCREEK
PASTURA
PATENT
PATIO
PATRICIA
PAULSON
PAUNSAUGUNT
PAVANT
PAVILLION
PAYMASTER
PAYSON
PECOS
PEDRICK
PEELER
PEETZ
PEEVER
PENA
PENASCO
PENDERGRASS
PEMDROY
PENINSULA
PENISTAJA
PENITENTE
PENNEL
PENO
PENROSE
PENSORE
PENTHOUSE
PERCETON
PERCIVAL
PERELLA
PERITSA
PERMA
PERRY PARK
PERRYVILLE
(
ST-L
CB-CL
GR-L
SL
(CN-L)
DEPTH
INCHES
0-8
8-21
21-30
0-8
8-60
0-15
15-33
33-60
0-11
11-31
31-60
0-11
11-30
30-40
0-60
0-60
0-15
15-28
28-60
0-12
12-60
0-14
0-4
4-14
14-23
0-10
0-60
0-13
13-26
0-17 (FSL)
O-IV(LFS)
17-80
0-5
5-10
10-34
34-60
0-3
3-15
0-19
0-3
3-32
0-4
4-24
24-30
0-56
0-17
17-60
0-16
16-32
32-60
0-9
9-28
28-60
0-49
49-60
0-18
18-60
0-12
0-5
5-14
0-42
42-70
0-7
0-4
4-28
28-60
0-60
0-60
0-12 (L)
0-12
0-3
3-12
0-3
0-3
3-27
27-60
0-20
20-34
0-18
18-60
0-31
0-15
15-60
0-12
12-60
0-9
0-9
9-38
38-60
K
.43
.37
.32
.24
.20
.32
.32
.49
.24
.15
.10
.37
.43
.15
.28
.20
.32
.28
.28
.17
.37
.15
.32
.37
.28
.32
.32
.15
.20
.24
.10
.24
.37
.49
.32
.49
.20
.17
.28
.24
.28
.49
.37
.55
.32
.24
.17
.15
.15
.15
.10
.10
.10
.28
.37
.24
.17
.20
.24
.24
.37
.43
.32
.24
.32
.24
.15
.32
.28
.15
.10
.32
.28
.37
.32
.28
.24
.15
.15
.28
.43
.37
.32
.15
.10
.10
.49
.17
.49
.20
T
2
1
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
1
2
1
5-4
2
5
5
1
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5-4
3
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
3
3
3
5
2
5
5
5
A-14
-------
Appendix A—Continued
sou
(HUES
PERSAYO
FtSCAR
PESO
rant
PKTON
MAGE
PHARO
PHIFERSON
PHILDER
PHILLIPS
PHILLIPSBURG
PICAYUNE
PICKRELL
PICTOU
PIERIAN
PIERRE
PIMA
PIMA
Sandy clay loam
subsoil
PIHER Cl
SIC
FINAL
PIHAL
Moderately d«
PINALENO
PINAMT
PINATA
PINAVETES
PIHEDALE
PINELLI
PINEQUEST
PDIETOP
PINKEL
PINO
PINON
PIUTLAR
PIHTURA
PISHKUN
PIUTE
PUCK
PLAIHVIEH
PUTHER
PUTORO
fUYMOOR
PlXASANT
W-ttSAHT GROVE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-14
0-22
0-32
0-60
0-9
9-13
13-29
29-60
1. 0-13
CB-L 0-13
13-60
0-8
8-29
29-60
0-8
8-30
0-12
12-18
0-7
7-rt
15-78
0-9
9-20
20-60
0-53
0-19
0-4
4-14
14-60
0-6
6-60
0-4
4-33
0-8
0-26
26-60
0-9
19-40
40-60
,SICL 0-15
C 0-15
15-60
0-12
12-60
0-34
variant34-4S
0-31
31-60
0-22
22-60
0-10
10-45
0-60
0-5
5-23
23-60
0-3
3-60
0-2
2-60
0-60
0-13
13-30
0-10
10-16
16-40
0-16
0-7
7-80
0-65
0-10
10-48
0-9
0-8
0-6
6-28
28-60
0-10
10-18
18-25
25-60
0-18
18-26
26-60
0-38
38-60
0-5
5-50
50-60
0-21
0-21
21-60
K
.37
,24
.17
.49
.10
.15
.10
.10
.28
.24
.10
.15
.17
.37
.24
.28
.32
.17
.43
.37
.43
.28
.32
.28
.20
.49
.20
.20
.10
.15
.10
.32
.37
.49
.37
.32
.37
.38
.20
.32
.24
.37
.49
.49
.37
.28
.15
.28
.20
.17
.15
.17
.10
.32
.37
.32
.10
.24
.17
.10
.32
.37
.28
.28
.28
.32
,20
.32
.28
.49
.32
.24
.20
.15
.32
.20
.32
.28
.24
.10
.10
.28
.43
.24
.28
.24
.20
.20
.28
T
1
3
2
5
5
2
2
2
2
1
5
5
3
1
2
5
2
5
5
5
5
1
2
5
3
3
5
5
5
4
5
2
3
1
5
5
5
1
1
3
5
5
5
2
2
SOIL
SERIES
PLEASANT VALE
PLEASANT VIEW
PLOME
PODO
POGAL
POGANEAB
POJOAQUE
POINSETT
FOREMAN
POKER
POLELINE
POLEO
POLEY
POLICH
POLSON
POLVADERA
POMAT
PONCHA
PONIL
POPPLETON
PORTALES
POSANT
POST
POTTER
POTTS
POUDRE
POVERTY
POWDERHORN
PREATORSON
PRESTON
PREWITT
PRIDHAM
PRIETA
PRIMG
PRINGLE
PRITCHETT
PROGRESSO
PROMISE
PROMO
PROMONTORY
PROSPER
PROVO
PROVO BAY
PROW
PTARMIGAN
PUERCO
DEPTH
INCHES
rX.-:t 0-17
L 0-17
17-60
0-25
25-34
34-67
0-16
16-35
35-60
GR-St 0-6
LS 0-6
6-20
0-4
4-60
0-8
8-60
0-60
0-3
3-10
10-30
0-10
10-30
0-44
0-7
7-38
38-60
SCL 0-6
GR-SI 0-6
6-24
24-60
0-60
0-10
10-60
0-40
0-10
10-56
56-65
0-8
8-27
27-60
0-4
4-60
0-60
0-15
15-60
0-5
5-16
0-6
6-67
0-9
0-4
4-18
18-60
0-10
10-60
0-10
10-30
0-17
17-24
24-46
46-60
0-2
2-11
11-60
0-6
6-64
0-14
14-60
0-5
5-25
25-54
0-4
4-15
0-15
15-60
0-19
19-60
0-12
12-24
24-60
0-14
0-10
10-24
24-30
0-15
15-60
0-60
0-18
0-12
12-30
0-60
A- 15 0-60
K
.37
.43
.55
.32
.37
.24
.10
.17
.10
.10
.10
.24
.49
.55
.28
.37
.28
.32
.43
.49
.55
.28
.37
.17
.32
.37
.32
.37
.15
.24
.15
.37
.37
.43
.24
.43
.53
.37
.15
.15
.10
.32
.24
.15
.28
.32
.17
.10
.49
.37
.28
.37
.43
.55
.17
.17
.28
.10
.28
.20
.20
.20
.28
.17
.10
.10
.10
.28
.32
.49
.24
.37
.28
.32
.10
.10
.24
.10
.32
.43
.17
.28
.32
.20
.24
.24
.28
.24
.10
.24
.37
.20
.10
.37
T
5
5
5
5
8
2
2
5
5
5
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
5
3
1
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
1
5
2
2
5
1
2
5
1
5
1
2
5
SOIL
SERIES
PUGSLEY
PULLMAN
PULTNEY
PURGATORY
PUPNER
PYLON
PYOTE
QUAKER
QUAMON
QUANDER
QUAY
QUAZO
OUEALMAN
OUEALY
QCERC
QUIETUS
QUIGLEY
QUIMBY
QUINNEY
QUIVERA
RABER
RACHERT GRV-L
CR-L
RADERSBURG
RADNOR
RAFAEL
RAGO
RAIRDENT
RAKE
RALLOD
RALPH
RAMBLER
RANGE
P-ANTJMAN
RANSLO
RAPELJE
RAPHO
RAPLEE
RARICK
RASBAND
RATAKE
RATOM
RATTLER
RAUVILLE
RAUZI
RAVALLI
RAVOLA
RAHAH
RAYADO
RAYNESFORD
DEPTH
INCHES
0-4
14-24
0-6
6-80
0-9
9-24
0-2
2-14
14-34
0-15
0-6
6-34
0-34
34-76
0-60
0-16
16-60
0-8
0-50
0-18
0-5
5-60
0-10
10-15
0-5
5-14
14-35
0-3
3-11
11-27
0-50
50-60
0-8
8-39
39-58
0-3
3-28
28-60
0-8
0-8
8-18
0-4
4-15
15-60
0-60
0-9
9-41
'41-60
0-15
15-22
22-60
0-13
0-3
3-12
0-6
6-60
0-50
0-6
0-5
5-43
43-60
0-60
0-22
0-8
8-21
0-30
30-60
0-10
10-15
0-9
9-15
0-7
7-55
0-27
27-60
0-8
8-24
24-60
0-4
4-15
15-60
0-60
0-7
7-30
0-16
16-28
28-66
K
.20
.28
.37
.37
.32
.32
.49
.20
.37
.49
.37
.43
.17
.24
.43
.10
.10
.10
.43
.10
.32
.37
.37
.43
.37
.49
.37
.32
.37
.28
.32
.28
."43
.49
.43
.37
.24
.43
.28
.15
.20
.10
.28
.28
.32
.43
.32
.37
.28
.37
.32
.43
.17
.24
.28
.32
.28
.32
.49
.15
.37
.32
.37
.20
.28
.49
.20
.15
.32
.15
.17
.15
.28
.20
.37
.28
.28
.43
.32
.28
.24
.43
.32
.37
.49
.28
.28
.28
.32
.24
T
3
5
3
2
1
2
5
5
1
5
5
2
5
1
3
2
5
2
5
5
1
1
5
5
5
5
1
1
4
5
3
2
5
5
5
2
1
3
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
RAZOR
REAGEN
REAKOR
RECLUSE
REDBANK
RED BUTTE
REDCAN
REDCHIEF
REDCLOUD
REDCREEK
REDFEATHER
REDFIELD
REDIG
REDLANDS
REDLODGE
REDMANSON
REDOLA
REDONA
REDRIDGE
REDROB
RED ROCK
REDSTOE
RED SPUR
REDSTONE
REDTHAYNE
REDTOM
REDVALE
REDVIEW
REDWASH
REE
REKDER
REEVES
REFUGE
REGAN
REGENT
REGNIER
REKOP
RELIANCE
REMMIT
REMUNDO
RINBAC
RENCALSON
RENCOT
RENNER
RENOHILL
L
GR-L
DEPTH
INCHES
0-28
0-30
30-60
0-65
0-4
"4-30
0-5
5-60
0-8
8-16
16-60
0-15
0-7
7-13
13-34
34- 60
0-60
0-15
0-8
8-12
12-17
0-60
0-7
7-18
18-60
0-5
5-60
0-10
10-t2
42-60
0-20
0-20
20-60
0-10
10-68
0-10
10-26
26-60
0-9
9-37
37-84
0-26
26-48
48-56
0-9
9-18
18-60
0-12
12-60
0-4
4-20
20-34
34-60
0-60
0-6
0-36
0-79
0-47
47-61
0-60
0-10
10-40
0-4
4-16
0-13
13-26
26-62
0-2
2-24
24-60
0-44
44-62
0-60
0-12
0-5
5-32
0-4
4-14
14-18
0-7
7-14
14-30
K
.37
.32
.32
.37
.32
.37
.37
.43
.24
.24
.24
.20
.28
.32
.32
.24
.17
.43
.17
.10
.10
.49
.32
.37
.28
.32
.32
.37
.32
.32
.32
.32
.28
.28
.24
.10
.10
.10
.37
.37
.43
.28
.28
.37
.32
.28
.24
.28
.20
.10
.10
.28
.37
.32
.10
.49
.32
.28
.28
.37
.43
.17
.32
.37
.43
-
.37
.43
.28
.32
.20
.32
.32
.20
.28
.10
.20
.37
.37
.17
.32
.37
.28
.32
.28
.28
.37
.32
.37
T
2
4
5
3
5
2
1
5
5
1
1
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
_
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
1
5
4-3
3
1
5
2
1
5
5
4
5
5
5
1
3
1
5
2
SOIL
SERIES
RENSHAW
RENTILL
RENTSAC
REPP
REPPART
RESERVE
RETRIEVER
REYAB
RHAME
RHOADES
RHOAME
RHOAMETT
RICHEAU
RICHEN
RICHEY
RICHFIELD
RICHLIE
RICHMOND
RICHVILLE
RICKMAN
RICKMORE
RICKS
RICOT
RIDD
RIDGELAWN
RIDGEVIEW
RILLINO GR-L
GR-SL.GR-FSL
GR-FSL.GR-SL
GR-L
RILLITO
RILLOSO
RIMROCK
RIMTON
RING
RINGLING
RISTA
RITOA
RIZOZO
ROB ROY
ROBANA
ROBLEDO
ROCK RIVER
ROCKWELL
ROCKY FORD
ROGERT
ROLETTE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-15
15-60
-
0-7
7-18
0-25
25-65
0-10
10-39
39-57
0-40
0-8
8-14
0-60
j-34
0-49
0-8
8-60
0-3
3-60
0-4
4-60
0-19
19-56
0-5
5-24
24-67
0-6
6-60
0-28
28-64
0-8
8-18
0-12
12-28
0-4
4-30
0-8 (SL)
0-8 (LFS)
8-32
32-80
0-4
4-18
18-58
0-8
8-16
16-34
34-60
0-26
26-36
0-24
24-60
0-11
0-11
11-49
11-49
49-60
0-2
2-10
10-32
32-41
41-59
0-45
0-34
0-8
8-13
13-36
0-14
14-60
0-13
0-8
8-60
0-10
0-8
8-19
19-31
0-6
6-20
20-52
52-60
0-3
3-10
10-60
0-19
19-27
27-48
0-12
12-60
0-14
0-60
K
.28
.10
.28
.28
.24
.24
.28
.28
.32
.28
.37
.43
.32
.49
.20
.32
.28
.24
:37
.32
.32
.37
.20
.32
.37
.43
.37
.32
.37
.24
.20
.28
.28
.28
.43
.37
.49
.24
.20
.32
.32
.20
.24
.17
.28
.32
.17
.17
.17
.17
.32
.10
.37
.43
.15
.17
.43
.10
.49
.24
.43
.15
.43
.15
.28
.32
.37
.28
.28
.17
.28
.20
.10
.32
.24
.24
.24
.37
.49
.43
.49
-
.20
.28
.24
.28
.15
.43
.32
.37
.10
.32
T
3-2
3
1
5
3
5
1
5
4-3
3
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
1
3
3
5
5
2
5
1
3
3
5
5
S
2
3
5
3
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
1
5
SOIL
SERIES
ROLISS
ROLLA
ROMBERG
ROMBO
ROMAN
ROND
RONSON
ROOSET
ROOTEL
ROSAMOND
ROSANE
ROSEBUD
ROSEGLEN
ROSHE SPRINGS
ROSWELL
ROTHIEMAY
ROTTULEE
ROUBIDEAU
ROUND BUTTE
ROUNDLEY
ROUNDTOP
ROUNDUP
ROUNDY
ROUTT
ROXAL
ROXBURY
ROY
ROZLEE
RUBY
RUDD
RUKO
RULE
RUNE
RUSO
RUSSLER
RYAN
RYAN PARK
RYARK
RYEGATE
RYELL
RYORP
DEPTH
INCHES
0-16
16-60
0-60
0-3
3-29
29-60
0-20
20-30
0-4
4-60
0-3
3-14
14-54
0-7
7-11
11-60
0-23
0-8 (SL
0-6U,
8-60
0-28
28-60
0-60
0-20
20-52
0-88
0-48
48-60
0-15
15-22
0-4
4-8
8-12
12-32
0-7
7-14
14-67
0-3
3-12
12-24
0-3
3-8
3-36
0-7
7-28
0-16
16-31
31-48
0-28
28-36
36-60
0-6
6-15
0-6
6-60
0-18
18-30
0-6
6-13
0-13
0-4
4-19
0-18
18-32
L 0-2
CL.SICL 0-2
2-23
23-60
0-22
22-60
0-34
0-60
0-4
4-60
0-2
2-18
18-30
30-60
0-9
9-17
17-32
0-8
8-28
28-60
0-34
K
.28
.37
.32
.32
.28
.32
.32
.24
.43
.37
.49
.32
.24
.20
.28
.28
.20
.28
,FSL)
CD
.10
.10
.28
.32
.24
.43
.15
.32
.28
.37
.32
.28
.28
.43
.37
.37
.32
.43
.32
.37
.37
.49
.32
.24
.32
.37
.32
.24
.24
.24
.28
.37
.28
.32
.32
.32
.28
.24
.24
.24
.10
.43
.24
.24
.15
.15
.49
.37
.37
.24
.20
.10
.43
.28
.32
.24
.15
.24
.17
.10
.24
.32
.28
.28
.2t
.10
.20
T
5
5
5
3
5
3
4
5
2
2
3
5
1
5
5
1
5
5
3
2
2
3
2
5
2
5
5
2
1
1
1
2
5
4
3
3
5
3
2
3
2
A-16
-------
Appendix A—Continued
son
SERIES
SADDLE
SADDLEBACK
SAGE
3ACECREEK
SAGl'ACHE
SALADON
SALAS
SAL IX
SALHO
5ALTAIR
SALT LAKE
SAHBRITO
SAMPSON
SAHSIL
SAIJ ARC AC 10
SANBORN
SANCHEZ
SANDALL
SANDIA
SANDLAKE
SANDLEE
SANELI
SANFORD
SANGREY
SAN ISABEL
SAN JOSE
SAN LUIS
SAN MATED
SANPETE
SANPITCH
SANSARC
SANSON
SANTA FE
SANTANA
SAPINERO
SAPPHIRE
SAPPINGTON
SARATON
SANTAQUIN
SAHTO TOMAS
SARPY
SATANKA
SATANTA
SAVAGE
SAVENAC
SAVO
SAVOIA
SAHATCH
SAKCREEK
DEPTH
INCHES
0-14
4-14
14-30
0-10
10-60
0-4
4-60
0-10
10-60
0-60
0-31
0-60
0-6
6-66
0-4
4-60
0-6
6-56
26-60
0-4
4-26
26-60
0-17
0-16
16-35
0-25
25-41
0-6
6-32
32-60
0-32
32-50
0-13
13-30
0-14
14-34
34-66
0-5
5-18
18-60
0-12
12-26
0-42
0-7
7-30
30-60
0-42
0-11
11-60
0-60
0-3
3-60
0-8
0-8
fl-19
0-10
10-20
20-36
36-60
0-8
8-20
0-6
6-11
11-30
30-50
0-5
5-60
0-72
0-40
0-4
4-35
0-60
0-4
4-16
16-27
27-48
48-63
0-12
12-42
0-28
28-60
0-21
K
.24
.24
.28
.32
.24
.32
.37
.15
.10
.15
.17
.28
.55
.24
.28
.24
.17
.24
.24
.24
.28
.24
.28
.10
.43
.20
.23
.24
.20
.17
.32
.28
.24
.28
.17
.17
.17
.24
.28
.24
.10
.10
.10
.32
.37
.32
.15
.32
.10
.32
.28
.17
.32
.28
.37
.37
.20
.28
.70
.17
.17
.10
.10
.28
.32
.28
.32
.32
.24
.10
.10
.32
.17
.15
.37
.28
.28
.32
.49
.43
.43
.37
.43
.32
.24
.28
.21
.10
.20
T
3
5
5
1
5
2
5
1
1
5
5
2
2
3
1
2
3
5
3
2
.5
1
2
5
3
5
1
1
2
5
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
3
5
b
5
3
2
SOIL
SERIES
SAWPIT
SAYLES
SAXBY
3CAVE
SCHAMBER
SCHMUTZ
SCHNEBLY
SCHOFIELD
SCHOLLE
SCHOONER
SCHRADER
SCHRAP
SCHUSTER
SCOBEY
SCORUP
SCRAVO
SCOTT
SCOUT
SCROGGIN
SEARING
SEBUD
SEDILLO
SEDWELL
SEEDSKADEE
SEELEZ
SEIS
SEITZ
SELON
SEN
SERB EN
SERNA
SEROCO
SESSIONS
SEVY
SHAAK
SHALEY
SHAH
SHAMBO
SHANE
SHANTA
SHARLAND
SHARPS
SHARROTT
SHARVANA
SHAVANO
SHAWA
SHAWMUT
DEPTH
INCHES
0-8
8-15
0-5
5-60
0-18
0-16
16-34
34-46
0-60
0-4
4-14
14-25
0-16
16-32
0-60
0-4
4-14
0-7
7-60
0-3
0-18
18-29
29-60
0-6
6-19
19-80
0-22
22-44
0-6
6-17
17-30
0-18
18-32
32-62
0-28
0-28
0-4
4-22
22-49
49-62
0-60
0-47
0-4
4-12
12-16
0-68
0-30
0-14
14-32
32-60
0-30
30-60
0-6
6-34
0-60
0-60
0-13
13-61
0-16
16-60
0-6
6-15
15-44
44-60
0-12
0-60
0-46
46-60
0-5
5-28
0-60
50-60
0-4
4-12
12-16
16-60
0-9
9-25
25-30
0-7
7-17
0-6
6-14
0-4
4-26
0-60
0-16
16-28
28-60
K
.24
.24
.32
.37
.24
.32
.37
.20
.17
.24
.37
.20
.24
.15
.15
.28
.17
.32
.15
.15
.28
.15
.32
.28
.32
.28
.32
.43
.43
.28
.15
.10
.43
.24
.32
.37
.28
.32
.37
.32
.37
.17
.32
.24
.24
.28
.20
.17
.17
.17
.10
.24
.32
.32
.43
.15
.15
.17
.24
.24
.32
.37
.32
.43
.28
.24
.32
.28
.15
.37
.32
.32
.10
.32
.28
.20
.10
.20
.28
.28
.24
.28
.24
.32
.32
.37
.28
.32
.37
.15
T
1
5
1
3
2
5
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
5
3
2
-
2
2
4-3
5
4
3
2
5
2
5
5
4-3
4-3
5
2
2
5
1
5-4
5
2
4
2
5
2
1
2
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
SHAY
SHEAR
SHEDA30
SHEEP CREEK
S4EEPROCK
SHENA
SHEPPARD
SHERBURNE
SHERLOCK
SHERM
SHERRYL
SHIMBARA
SHINDLER
SHINGLE
SHIPMAN
SHIPROCK
SHIRK
SHONKIN
SHOOF
SHOOFLIN
SHOOK
SHOSHONE
SHOTWELL
SHOWALTER
SHOWLOW
SHRINE
SHUE
SHUGE
SHULE
SHUPERT
SHUMWAY
SHURTLEFF
SIBYLEE
SICKLESTEETS
SIEBERT
SIECHE
SIELO
SIESTA
SIGNAL
SIGURD
SILI
SILVER
SIHMONT
SIMONA
SINAI
SINGAAS
SINNIGAM
DEPTH
It.'CHES
0-12
12-60
0-60
0-36
0-7
7-15
15-28
0-60
0-60
0-18
18-46
46-90
90-100
0-16
16-42
42-60
0-5
5-80
0-3
3-9
9-60
0-2
2-8
0-M
4-15
0-10
10-60
0-60
0-6
6-26
0-26
26-64
0-12
12-51
0-16
16-28
28-40
0-12
0-10
10-30
30-56
0-3
3-31
31-44
44-52
0-60
0-17
0-16
16-36
0-2
2-43
43-72
0-60
0-4
4-18
18-KO
0-8
8-15
0-8
8-27
27-45
45-72
0-15
15-33
0-9
9-60
CB-SIL 0-5
SIL 0-5
5-31
31-46,
0-2
2-19
19-60
0-60
0-60
0-5
5-22
22-30
0-16
0-35
35-60
0-6
6-17
K
.32
.32
.28
.49
.32
.24
.28
.10
.37
.U9
.32
.37
.28
.32
.37
.32
.28
.37
.37
.32
.37
.43
.37
.43
.28
.32
.49
.15
.10
.24
.32
.43
.32
.28
.32
.28
.17
.20
.15
.24
.20
.20
.28
.43
.43
.43
.37
.32
.17
.28
.28
.28
.28
.37
.49
.28
.17
.20
.15
.32
.37
.28
.24
.28
.24
.10
.10
.28
.32
.24
.49
.55
.24
.32
.43
.20
.28
.24
.32
.20
.28
.37
.24
.28
.43
.28
.24
.20
T
3
5
2
1
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
2
5
5
2
5
3
5
1
3
4
5
5
1
3
5
5
5
1
5
2
5
2
3
5
1
5
2
1
5
5
1
A-17
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
SIPPLE
SIOUX
SISSETON
SIXMILE
SIZER SIL.L
GR-SIL.GR-L
GRV-SIL.GRV-L
SKAGGS
SKUMPAH
SKUTUM
SKYLICK
SKYWAY
SLAUGHTER
SLIPMAN
SLOCUM
SLUICE
SMARTS
SHOOT
SMUGGLER
SNAKE HOLLOW
SNOMO
SNOWVILLE
SOLDIER CBV-L,GRV-L
CB-L.GR-L
SOFIA
SOGZIE
SOLOMON
SOMERS
SONOITA
SONTAG
SORDO
SORUM
SOTELLA
SOTIM
SOUTHFORK
SOUTHACE
SPAA
SPACE CITY
SPANGLER
SPEARFISH
SPEARMAN
SPENLO
SPICERTON
SPLITRO
SPONSELLER
SPOOL
SPOON BUTTE
DEPTH
INCHES
0-7
7-U2
42-60
0-5
5-60
0-"*
it -30
0-8
0-8
0-8
8-18
18-60
0-14
14-31*
0-60
0-17
17-36
36-"* 4
0-27
27-60
0-23
23-32
0-5
5-15
0-11
11-27
27-50
0-lt
14-40
0-5
5-13
13-55
0-22
22-60
0-11
11-60
0-22
22-60
0-35
35-60
0-18
0-11
0-11
11-19
19-62
0-7
7-HO
40-50
0-80
0-8
8-30
30-60
0-60
0-2
1-27
0-6
6-13
13-24
0-15
15-33
33-60
0-9
9-22
0-50
50-60
0-4
4-12
12-15
0-4
4-60
0-17
0-60
0-6
6-36
0-8
8-16
0-15
15-23
0-14
14-64
0-2
2-60
0-8
8-16
0-4
4-42
0-2
2-7
0-6
6-16
K
.28
.32
.28
.24
.10
.32
.24
.24
.49
.43
.37
.32
.10
.28
.24
.55
.24
.20
.24
.32
.37
.15
.15
.32
.32
.20
.24
.20
.32
.37
.24
.28
.24
.32
.32
.43
.49
.20
.25
.24
.10
.28
.32
.37
.43
.15
.20
.32
.43
.10
.49
.28
.28
.37
.15
.43
.32
.24
.32
.37
.32
.24
.32
.24
.24
.20
.37
.24
.15
.20
.15
.28
.32
.37
.15
.32
.37
.32
.37
.28
.32
.24
.20
.32
.32
.20
.28
.49
.32
.15
.17
.20
.24
T
5
2
5
5
2
2
2
2
1
3
5
3
1
3
5
5
3
5
3
3
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
2
3-2
2
5
1
5
1
5
3
2
2
5
5
1
4
1
2
SOIL
SERIES
SPOTTSWOOD
SPRINGER
SPRINGERVILLE
SPUR
SPURLOCK
(L,CL)
STADY
STAGECOACH
STAPLETON
STARLEY
STARMAN
STECUM
STEED
STEGALL
STEINAUER
STELLAR
ST. ELMO
STERLING
STETTER
STEWART L
SL.FSL
STICKNEY
STINGAL
ST GEORGE
STILLMAN FSL
GR-FSL
STIRK
STIRUH
ST MARYS
STODA
STOKES
STONEHAM
ST ONGE
STORLA
STORMITT
STORY
STOUT
STOVHO
STRAIN
STRAUSS
STRAW
STROUPE
STRYKER
STUBBS
STUKEY
STUMBLE
STUMPP
STUNNER
STUTZMAN
DEPTH
INCHES
0-25
25-60
0-16(LFS)
0-16(FSL)
16-80
0-4
4-39
0-15
0-15(FSL)
15-60
0-7
0-7
0-28
0-29
29-60
0-16
16-60
0-60
0-9
9-15
0-4
4-8
0-5
5-28
0-17
17-60
0-7
7-28
-
0-60
0-10
10-30
30-60
0-16
16-48
0-9
0-9
9-22
0-6
6-48
48-74
0-60
0-10
0-10
10-60
0-7
7-44
44-60
0-50
0-11
11-67
0-11
11-24
24-68
O-I(L)
0-4 (SL)
4-9
9-60
0-6
6-14
14-28
28-72
0-6
6-36
36-60
0-16
0-7
7-14
14-60
0-60
0-24
0-6
6-34
0-29
29-60
0-3
3-32
32-60
0-7
7-25
25-60
0-60
K
.28
.10
.17
.20
.20
.20
.20
.28
.24
.28
.24
.28
.32
.28
.10
.10
.10
.10
.24
.20
.24
.28
.20
.15
.32
.10
.32
.32
.32
.28
.15
.10
.10
.24
.20
.28
.55
.20
-
.37
.43
.55
.64
.43
.55
.43
.10
.28
.24
.32
.17
.20
.28
.55
.49
.37
.55
.20
.17
.20
.20
.24
.28
.28
.28
.37
.32
.28
.32
.37
.10
.24
.37
.28
.49
.37
.32
.17
.32
.43
.32
.32
.32
.32
.10
.15
.24
.28
.37
T
4
5
3
5
5
4
5
5
1
1
1
2
2
4
5
5
2
5
2
2
3
3
5
2
2
5
3
1
4
1
5
5
5
4
3
5
3
1
5
5
5
2
3
5
3
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
SUBLETTE
SUDDATH
SUGARDEE
SUGARLOAF
SUGLO
SULA
SULLY
SUNBURST
SUNCITY
SUNSET
SUNSHINE
SUNUP
SUPERSTITION
SUPERVISOR
SVEA
SVERDRUP
SWANBOY
SWAPPS
SWASEY
SWASTIKA
SWEETGRASS
SWENODA
SWIFT CREEK
SWIFTON
SWIMS
SWINT
SYRACUSE
SYRENE
SYRETT
TABERNASH
TABIONA
TABLE MOUNTAIN
TACAN
TACNA
TAFOYA
TAJO
TALAG
TALLY
TALMO
TAMBIONA
TAMELY
TAMPICO
TANNA
TANSEM
TAOS
TAPIA
A-18
DEPTH
INCHES
0-15
15-60
0-4
4-20
20-60
0-9
9-30
30-60
0-19
19-60
0-11
11-60
0-9
9-22
22-60
0-6
6-60
0-1
1-13
0-68
0-21
21-36
36-60
0-5
5-14
0-60
0-22
0-21
0-24
24-60
0-15
15-23
0-4
4-27
0-11
11-30
0-4
4-17
17-26
26-32
32-60
0-29
29-60
0-8
8-60
0-72
0-4
4-25
25-54
54-60
0-60
0-17
17-60
0-12
12-23
23-38
0-6
6-34
34-60
0-7
7-60
0-24
24-60
0-60
0-2
2-41
41-60
0-14
14-39
39-46
0-3
3-28
0-5
5-22
22-49
0-60
0-15
15-62
0-6
6-50
0-6
6-27
27-31
0-60
0-22
22-60
0-24
24-60
K
.24
.28
.28
.37
.43
.28
.43
.20
.10
.28
.32
.32
.37
.32
.43
.28
.24
.43
.43
.43
.10
.10
.10
.28
.32
.10
.24
.28
.20
.15
.28
.32
.28
.20
.37
.37
.32
.28
.24
.28
.17
.10
.20
.37
.17
.20
.24
.32
.37
.43
.15
.32
.20
.28
.17
.10
.24
.37
.24
.32
.10
.32
.37
.28
.32
.10
.20
.20
.15
.28
.17
.24
.43
.37
.37
.28
.37
.20
.20
.28
.15
.32
.28
.37
.43
.24
.28
.24
.15
.28
.24
T
5
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
1
5
2
1
5
2
5
3-2
5
2
1
5
3
5-4
5
5
5
5
3
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
3
2
5
5
2
5
5
2
5
3
3
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
TARKIO
TARRETE
TARRYALL
TASSEL
TASSELMAN
TATIYEE
TAYLORSFLAT
TAYLORSVILLE
TEAPO
TEALSON
TECOLOTE
TEELER
TEEHAT
TELEFONO
TELEPHONE CBV-SL .STV-SL
CB-SL.ST-SL
OR-SL
TELFER
TELLMAN
TELLURA
TELSTAD
TEMVIK
TENCEE
TENEX
TENIBAC
TENORIO
TEHRAG
TEKSLEEP
TEOCULLI
TEPEE
TERADA
TERINO
TERMINAL
TERRAD
TERRERA
TERRY
TESAJO
TESUQUE
TETON
TETOKKA
TEX
TEXLINE
TEZUMA
THAYHE
THEBO
THEDAUIND
DEPTH
INCHES
0-9
5-60
0-60
0-10
10-30
0-3
3-14
0-12
12-30
30-60
0-20
20-72
0-7
7-59
0-9
9-30
0-10
10-16
0-20
20-60
O-l*
4-10
10-23
23-60
0-3
3-60
0-14
14-26
26-36
:. 0-17
0-17
0-17
0-60
0-8
8-30
30-60
0-14
14-36
36-60
0-5
5-38
38-62
0-6
6-60
0-7
0-11
11-23
23-70
0-12
12-36
36-48
0-6
6-22
22-60
0-21
21-53
0-2
2-7
7-60
0-60
0-3
3-29
0-15
0-10
10-22
0-7
7-
0-15
0-5
5-14
14-26
0-60
0-6
6-32
32-38
0-10
10-45
45-60
0-10
10-80
0-18
18-60
0-12
12-2U
24-60
0-30
0-4
4-20
K
.37
.24
.24
.17
.17
.24
.24
.24
.43
.20
.32
.32
.37
.32
.43
.24
.28
.15
.10
.17
.17
.20
.24
.17
.20
.20
.24
.28
.24
.15
.15
.15
.15
.17
.15
.15
.10
.17
.10
.10
.28
.37
.43
.32
.43
.15
.24
.17
.32
.24
.37
.32
.28
.10
.28
.32
.43
.47
.55
.32
.24
.28
.17
.37
.43
.43
.24
.24
.20
.20
.20
.24
.24
.37
.24
.24
.15
.15
.10
.32
.32
.49
.28
.32
.32
.24
.24
.32
.32
T
5
5
2
1
1
5
2
2
3
1
5
5
5
2
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5-4
1
5
2
3
5
5
_
3
1
2
5
1
3
5
2
3
5
5
2
5
2
2
SOIL
SERIES
THERHOPOLIS
THESS
THIEL
THIOKOL
THOENY
THOROUGHFARE
THORKEL
THREEMILE
THUNDERBIRD
THURLONI
THURLOW
THURMAN
TIAGOS
TIBAN
TICELL
TIDHELL
TIFFANY
TIGERON
TIGIWON
TIGON
TIJERAS
TILFORD
TILTON
TIMBERG
TIMPANOGOS
TIMPOONEKE
TINAJA
TINE
TINGEY
TINSLEY
TINYTOWN
TIPPER
TIPPERARY
TISWORTH
TIVOLI
TOBLER
TOBISH
TOBY
TODDLER
TOEHEAD
TOHONA
TOLBY
TOLHAN
TOLNA
TOLTEC
TOLTEC
variant
DEPTH
INCHES
0-4
4-15
0-20
20-60
0-5
5-36
36-60
0-6
6-20
20-60
0-4
4-60
0-5
5-20
20-30
30-60
(CB-CL) 0-2
(ST-CL) 0-2
2-31
0-33
0-4
4-60
0-12
12-60
0-23
23-60
0-6
6-15
SL 0-16
L 0-16
0-60
0-7
7-13
13-25
25-66
0-3
3-13
13-60
0-2
2-15
0-19
19-40
0-12
12-60
0-7
7-32
0-15
15-27
27-60
0-11
11-60
0-60
0-10
10-18
18-60
0-60
0-4
4-60
0-12
12-60
0-28
0-5
5-60
0-3
3. -8
8-24
24-60
0-7
7-60
0-13
0-13
13-60
0-35
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-5
5-34
0-80
0-4
4-7
7-16
0-30
30-60
0-36
36-60
0-24
24-60
K
.43
.55
.24
.10
.37
.43
.55
.49
.28
.32
.28
.28
.37
.28
.32
.10
.32
.32
.37
.28
.32
.37
.17
.15
.15
.32
.37
.32
.37
.17
.49
.20
.20
.24
.32
.28
.15
.24
.10
.24
.28
.24
.15
.32
.24
.28
.32
.37
.32
.43
.55
.24
.28
.17
.15
.10
.10
.32
.17
.10
.10
.10
.17
.17
.15
.32
.37
.49
.32
.17
.17
.28
.37
.28
.10
.24
.24
.37
.32
.37
.15
.32
.28
.24
.28
.10
.49
.20
.37
.20
T
2
3
3
5
5
3
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
5
3
1
3
5
5
2
3
2
5
3
4
2
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
2
5
1
4
2
2
SOIL
SERIES
TOLUCA
TOLVAR
TOHAH
TOMAS
TOME
TOMICHI
TONCAN
TONGUE RIVER
TONKA
TONRA
TONUCO
TOOLE
TOONE
TO QUO P
TOQUERVILLE
TORCHLIGHT
TOREX
TOP-REOH
TORRINGTON
TORSIDO
TORTUGAS CBV-L
GRV-L
TOSTON
TOTELAKE
TOTTEN
TOURS
TOWNER
TOYAH
TOZE
TRAIL
TRAIL CREEK
TRAPPER
TRAPPS
TRAVELERS
TRAVESSILLA
TREBOR
TRELONA
TREMANT
TREMBLES
TRENT
TRENTON
TRZS HERMANOS
TRESANO
TRICON
TRIDELL
TRINCHERA
TRIPIT
TRIPP
DEPTH
TN-ME:
0-9
9-60
0-14
14-40
40-60
0-11
11-17
17-50
50-60
0-15
0-50
50-70
0-10
10-60
0-24
24-60
0-5
5-9
9-28
0-19
19-60
0-29
29-52
0-15
0-5
5-66
0-27
27-60
-
0-16
0-4
4-60
0-24
24-60
0-6
6-60
0-5
5-40
0-6
6-19
19-30
30-60
0-12
0-12
0-2
2-16
16-60
0-4
4-28
23-60
0-26
26-60
0-60
0-29
29-60
0-16
16-55
0-60
0-12
12-60
0-6
6-23
23-46
0-6
6-59
0-16
0-8
0-7
7-14
0-23
23-60
0-60
0-8
8-60
0-40
40-60
0-3
3-60
0-7
7-33
0-8
0-8
8-38
38-50
0-4
4-12
12-30
K
.32
.37
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.49
.43
.24
.17
.10
.28
.24
.37
.43
.37
.32
.43
.32
.10
.15
.37
.43
.24
.28
.10
.43
.49
.17
.32
.28
.24
.32
.37
.17
.15
.17
.10
.37
.37
.49
.55
.43
.24
.15
.24
.32
.10
.37
.17
.37
.28
.28
.28
.43
.43
.32
.28
.32
.28
.32
.10
.24
.37
.32
.37
.32
.43
.24
.28
.37
.24
.28
.17
.24
.28
.32
.28
.32
.28
.20
.17
-
.37
.43
.49
.32
T
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
2
5
3
1
5
3
2
3
5
5
14
2
1
1
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
1
3
5
2
3
3
3
5
A-19
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
TRIX
TROJAN •
TROOK
TROUT CREEK
TROUTDALE
TROUTVILLE
TRUCKTON
TROEFISSURE
TRULL
TRULON
TRUMP
TSCHICOMA
TUBAC GR-SL.SL
L.GR-L
TUCSON L
CL
TUCUMCARI
TUFF IT
TULAROSA
TULLOCK
TURK
TURKEYSPRINGS
TURLEY
TURNER
TURRAH
TURNERVILLE
TURKEY
TURRET
TURSON
TUSLER
TUTHILL
TWILIGHT
TWIN CREEK
TWO DOT
TWOTOP
TYRONE
UBAR
UCOLA
UFFENS
UINTA
ULA
ULEN
DEPTH
INCHES
0-60
0-11
11-50
0-7
7-12
12-27
27-60
0-8
8-24
24-30
0-9
9-24
24-32
0-3
3-60
0-8
8-24
24-60
0-11
11-72
0-8
8-50
0-7
7-15
15-30
0-16
0-48
48-52
0-14
0-14
14-31
31-60
0-14
0-14
14-36
36-65
0-60
0-4
4-12
12-29
29-48
0-60
0-28
0-7
7-24
0-45
0-60
0-7
7-26
26-30
30-60
0-4
4-22
22-38
38-42
42-60
0-3
3-60
0-21
21-48
0-9
9-18
18-24
24-60
0-10
10-24
24-60
0-12
12-26
0-7
7-30
30-66
0-7
7-60
0-7
7-27
27-60
0-10
10-60
0-10
10-72
0-60
0-12
12-60
0-5
5-17
17-37
0-60
K
.43
.20
.15
.24
.24
.28
.24
.24
.37
.37
.24
.28
.24
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
.24
.28
.37
.43
.37
.43
.37
.32
.28
.17
.15
.49
.28
.28
.49
.37
.37
.49
.32
.37
.43
.37
.24
.37
.20
.20
.24
.32
.28
.24
.32
.15
.10
.28
.32
.28
.24
.10
.43
.49
.32
.20
.10
.10
.10
.10
.32
.37
.10
.24
.17
.20
.28
.24
.28
.32
.37
.32
.37
.28
.32
.32
.32
.49
.43
.37
.25
.24
.17
.20
.15
.15
.20
.17
T
5
2
5
2
3
5
5
5
5
2
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
3
4
5
3
4
5
3
3
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
3
1
5
2
4
SOIL
SERIES
ULM
ULRIC
ULYSSES
UNAWEEP
UNCOMPAGRE
UNSON
UPSATA
UPSON
UPTON
URACCA
USHAR L
CB-L
UTABA
UTALINE
UTE
UTICA
UVADA
VABEM
VADO
VALE
VALENCIA
VALENCIA
saline-alkali
VALENT
VALENTINE
VALLE
VALLEOND
VALLERS
VALMONT
VAMER
VANAJO
VANANBA
VANDA
VANET
VANG
VANOCKER
VAN WAGONER
VASQUEZ
VASTINE
VEBAR
VECONT
VEGA
VEKOL
VELVA
VENABLE
VENEZIA
VENLO
VERHALEN
DEPTH
INCHES
0-9
9-60
0-9
9-21
21-42
0-10
10-60
0-14
14-60
0-3
3-60
0-14
14-60
0-33
33-36
0-13
0-4
4-13
13-17
17-60
0-9
0-9
9-31
31-60
0-10
10-46
46-60
0-4
4-60
0-8
8-36
36-60
0-6
6-19
19-72
0-5
5-48
0-4
4-16
0-60
0-60
0-26
26-60
0-26
26-60
0-4
4-60
0-72
0-28
28-60
0-9
9-24
24-30
30-60
0-60
0-4
4-24
24-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-14
14-21
21-32
0-25
25-60
0-20
0-11
11-24
24-60
0-30
30-60
0-32
0-14
14-41
41-60
0-15
15-52
0-3
3-33
33-60
0-60
0-23
23-60
0-2
2-10
0-13
13-60
0-60
K
.32
.37
.32
.24
.28
.32
.15
.15
.24
.24
.28
.32
.17
.10
.17
.15
.28
.17
.15
.10
.10
.32
.28
.37
.10
.24
.32
.43
.10
.10
.24
.32
.28
.28
.17
.10
.55
.37
.32
.43
.17
.32
.17
.37
.17
.37
.15
.15
.10
.49
.28
.37
.32
.32
.10
.32
.24
.32
.10
.28
.28
.24
.24
.24
.28
.32
.28
.10
.24
.24
.10
.10
.10
.28
.10
.20
.37
.24
.32
.32
.37
.49
.28
.15
.20
.28
.10
.37
.49
.20
.15
.32
T
5
2
5
5
5
5
2
3
1
1
3
3
5
5
5
2
1
2
5
4-3
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
3
1
5
5
5
8
4
3
1
5
3
4
5
5
c;
5
5
1
5
5
SOIL
SERIES
VERMEJO
VERNAL
VERNON
VETAL
VEYO
VIBLE
VIBORG
VICTOR
VIDA
VIENNA
VIKING
VILLA GROVE
VILLY
VINGO
VINT I
I
VINTON
VIRKULA
VOLGA
VOL IN
VONA
VULCAN
WABEK
WAGES
WAHPETON
WAITS
WAKONDA
WALCOTT
WALDEN
WALDROUP
WALKE
WALL
WALLIS
WALLROCK
WALLSON
WALSH
WALSTEAD
WALTERS
WALUM
WANBLEE
WANETTA
WANN
WARSING
WASA
WASHOE
WATERING
WATERS
WATROUS
WAUBAY
LFS.LS
FSL
DEPTH
INCHES
0-60
0-4
4-24
214-60
0-21
0-19
0-16
16-60
0-26
26-36
36-60
0-5
5-60
0-60
0-8
8-31+
34-44
44-60
0-18
18-48
48-80
0-12
0-12
12-60
0-60
0-8
8-30
30-60
0-8
8-16
16-36
36-60
0-5
5-60
0-4
4-14
14-60
0-60
0-17
17-23
23-60
0-30
30-60
0-10
10-35
35-60
0-7
7-35
35-38
0-6
6-60
0-4
4-60
0-10
10-60
0-8
8-22
22-60
0-10
10-34
0-40
40-60
0-6
6-17
17-32
32-60
0-18
18-60
0-8
8-39
39-60
0-8
8-29
0-24
K
.37
.20
.28
.10
.32
.20
.10
.24
.15
.28
.24
.15
.10
.32
.37
.32
.32
.32
.20
.20
.20
.32
.20
.24
.32
.15
.24
.15
.24
.37
.28
.28
.10
.10
.10
.20
.15
.15
.10
.28
.10
.32
.20
.28
.28
.24
.37
.32
.28
.17
.15
.17
.17
.10
.32
.20
.28
.10
.32
.32
.20
.17
.28
.28
.43
.28
.32
.28
.32
.24
.20
.10
.32
.32
.37
.28
.10
.24
.28
.15
.28
.32
.37
.32
.20
.32
.28
.28
T
5
2
2
5
1
5
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
2
2
5
5-4
5
5
5
3
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
3-2
1
3
3
2
4
5
3
4
5
A-20
-------
Appendix A—Continued
SOIL
SERIES
KAUKON
MYBE
MYDEN
HEBER
KEEP
VEISER
HELD
VELLSVILLE
WELLTON
WEMINUCHE
KEMPLE
HENBOVER
HENDTE
VENTWORTH
WERLOW
WERNER
WESSELL
HESTCREEK
WESTOVER
WESTPLAIN
WETMORE
METTERHORN
HEHELA
WHEATRIDGE
WHEATVILLE
HHITEFISH
WHITE HOUSE
HHITELAKE
WHITEWOOD
WHITLOCK
HHITORE
WIBAUX
WIDTSOE
WIGTON
WILCOXSON
WILDCAT
WILEY
WILLARD
WILLHAND
WILLIAMS
WILLOUGHBY
WILLOW CREEK
DEPTH
INCHES
0-9
9-60
0-5
5-18
0-3
3-15
0-9
9-32
32-60
0-5
5-19
19-40
0-7(L,CL)
0-7CGR-L)
7-20
20-60
0-6
6-60
0-20
20-36
36-60
0-12
12-40
40-48
0-4
4-10
10-18
0-60
0-17
0-8
8-33
33-49
0-24
24-48
48-60
0-17
17-60
0-12
0-20
20-36
0-10
10-30
30-60
0-60
0-8
8-40
0-3
0-3
3-26
26-60
0-29
29-60
0-7
7-50
0-4
4-12
0-3
3-8
8-15
15-42
0-10
10-60
0-7
7-44
0-2
0-2
2-7
7-32
0-4
4-16
16-60
0-60
0-4
4-7
7-20
20-60
0-24
2U-60
0-6
6-30
30-40
0-9
9-36
36-60
K
,24
.32
.32
.37
.43
.43
.24
.28
.10
.32
.37
.28
.20
.17
.15
.10
.10
.15
.15
.10
.10
.32
.20
.15
.24
.24
.17
.28
.32
.32
.28
.28
.24
.10
.15
.32
,15
.32
.32
.10
.10
.24
.10
.20
.24
.37
.10
.28
.24
.28
.43
.37
.24
.37
.24
.28
.20
.10
.28
.37
.28
.24
.10
.20
.24
.20
.10
.10
.28
.24
.49
.15
.55
.24
.37
.37
.49
.43
.28
.32
.28
.32
.28
.37
.28
.32
.10
.32
.37
.49
T
5-4
1
1
3
5
5
5
5
5
3
1
5
5
5
3
2
5
4
2
1
3
4
3
4-3
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
1
2
5
3
2
5
2
5
5-4
3
5
SOIL
SERIES
WILLOWMAN
WILLWOOD
WILTON
WINDHAH
WINDMILL
WINEG SL.CR-SL
L
WINETTI
WINIFRED
WINK
WINKEL
WINKLEMAN
HINKLER
WINN
WIHNEMUCCA
WINNETT
WINONA
WINTERSBURG CL
C
WISCOW
WISHARD
WITCH
WITT
WITTEK
WOLF
WOLFORD
WOLF POINT
HOODHALL
WOODHURST
WOODLY
WOODROCK
WOODROW
WOODS CROSS
WOODSIDE
WOOLY
WOONSOCKET
WOOSLEY
WORF
WORK
WORLAND
WORMSER
WOROCK
WORTMAN
WORTHING
WRENHAN
WYARD
DEPTH
INCHES
0-5
5-13
13-60
0-5
5-60
0-27
27-60
0-6
6-12
12-60
0-23
23-60
0-2
0-2
2-14
14-60
0-17
17-24
24-52
0-36
0-24
0-24(FSL).
24-60
0-16
0-7
7-60
0-9
K T
28 5
24
15
10 4
10
28 5
37
24 5
28
20
32 3
40
17 5
49
37
20
10 3
28
20
,37 2
20 3
20
,20
.15 2
,32 5
.37
,20 5
SOIL
SERIES
WYARNO
WYNDMERE
WYRENE
XAVIER
YAKI
YAMAC
YAHA
YANKEE
YARDLEY
YAWDIM
YEATES HOLLOW
YECROSS
YEFULL
YEGEN
YELJACK
YENCE
9-22 .24
22-80 .32
0-13 .32 5
YENRAB
YEOMAN
13-60 .43
0-11
11-18
18-28
28-42
0-6
6-30
0-15
0-12
0-12
12-60
0-9
0-12
12-20
20-58
0-22
0-47
47-60
0-4
4-14
14-60
0-4
4-21
21-60
0-60
0-24
0-12
12-26
_
0-13
13-26
26-30
0-60
0-37
37-72
0-18
18-27
0-9
9-46
0-12
12-35
0-5
5-9
9-14
0-4
4-22
22-38
38-60
0-4
4-30
0-34
0-10
10-26
26-44
44-68
0-10
10-32
0-32
32-60
.24 2
.24
.17
.28
.49 2
.55
.43 1
.37 5
.24 5
.49
.37 1
.28 5
.32
.28
.10 1
.43 4
.32
.28 5
.32 5
.37
.32
.20 5
.28
.17
.32 5
.10 3
.28 2
.32
.20 5
.17 2
.2M
.20
.43 5
.32 5
.32
.20 1
.10
.17 4
.20
.20 5
.28 2
.43
.37 2
.37
.43
.32 5
.37
.32
.28
.20 2
.24
.43 2
.32 5
.28
.32
.20
.32 3
.32 2
.37
.28 5
.37
YESUM
YETULL
YOUJAY
YOUNGSTON
YOURAME
YOUVIHPA
YTURBIDE
YUBA
ZAHILL
ZAHL
ZAHE
ZEESIX
ZELL
ZENIFF
ZEONA
ZIEGLER
ZIGWEID
ZILLHAN
ZITA
ZUKAN
ZUNI
DEPTH
.INCHES
0-4
4-60
0-60
0-21
21-60
0-5
5-62
0-19
0-5
S-60
0-50
0-9
9-27
27-60
0-10
10-60
0-15
0-11
11-46
0-60
0-7
7-34
34-60
0-34
34-60
0-16
16-42
0-60
0-16
16-34
0-65
0-15
15-66
0-1
1-14
0-60
0-10
10-52
52-77
0-4
4-15
15-24
0-8
8-60
0-60
0-60
0-5
5-60
0-13
13-60
0-13
13-60
0-11
11-60
0-6
6-14
14-60
0-60
0-8
8-18
18-2M
24-80
0-6
6-60
0-8
8-60
0-7
7-60
0-16
0-16
16-36
36-45
K
.37
.43
.20
.20
.15
.37
.43
.10
.32
.37
.28
.32
.28
.32
.28
.43
.32
.17
.17
.10
.15
.24
.32
.28
.20
.37
.15
.20
.24
.37
.28
.43
.15
.10
.28
.37
.37
.28
.15
.24
.24
.28
.32
.15
.10
.32
.37
.28
.37
.32
.55
.28
.17
.32
.43
.55
.24
.55
.17
.37
.24
.29
.10
.32
.43
.28
.20
.28
.32
.28
.24
.28
.24
T
5
5
3
2
5
5
5
5
2
1
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
1
5
5
5
5-4
5
2
5-4
5
5
2
5
5
4
2
3
A-21
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APPENDIX B
The following are Soil Conservation Service State Office
Locations of the U.S. Interior West:
Soil Conservation Service
P O. Box 17107
Denver, Colorado 80217
Soil Conservation Service
3008 Federal Bldg.
230 No. First Ave.
Phoenix, Arizona 85025
Soil Conservation Service
517 Gold Ave. S.W.
Rm 3301 Box 2007
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103
Soil Conservation Service
Rm4012 Federal Bldg.
125 So. State Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84138
Soil Conservation Service
Federal Bldg. Rm 270
Rosser Ave. & Third St.
P. O. Box 1458
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Soil Conservation Service
239 Wisconsin Ave. S.W.
Huron, South Dakota 57350
Soil Conservation Service
Federal Bldg.
P. O. 970
Bozeman, Montana 59715
Soil Conservation Service
Federal Bldg.
100 E. "B" St.
P. O. Box 2440
Casper, Wyoming 82601
B-l
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* STATE
STATE OFFICE BUILDING
APPENDIX C
COMMENTS MADE BY
™ANSCRIPT REVIEWERS
ED HERSCHLER
GOVERNOR
of {onvilcnmental Qualify
LAND QUALITY DIVISION
TELEPHONE 307 777 7756
June 10, 1977
CHEYENNE. WYOMING 82002
Mr. Arnold King
USDA, Soil Conservation Service
P.O. Box 17107
Denver, CO 80217
Dear Mr. King:
I appreciate the opportunity to review the draft copy of your anticipated
publication. I shall be anxious to see this material published so that it shall
be available for industry use.
I made numerous comments on the manuscript as I read through it. It is
probably to late in the review process for many of my comments or recommendations
to be given much consideration, however, I felt they should be made. I feel that
use of this document, as it exists, may allow for conservative estimates and possible
undesign of erosion treatments on surface mined lands. Many of my commments are
directed toward developing more liberal estimates so that the trend will be to
overdesign. I feel this is especially important when the accuracy of the equation
results on surface mined lands has not been proven.
Keep up the fine work.
Sincerely,
Beach
Soil Scientist
GB/fs
Enclosure
c.c.: Dan Kimball
U.S.E.P.A., Region VIII
Office of Energy Activities
1860 Lincoln St.
Denver, CO 80295
C-l
-------
Comments on Draft "Preliminary Guidance for Estimating Erosion
on Areas Disturbed by Surface Mining Activities - Interior Western U.S.".
Re: Section 3.2, para. 11, page 10, (Draft Copy).
It should be noted that the soils listed in Appendix A are of Established
Series. There are numerous soils in Wyoming for which a series name has not
been developed. Thus, not all soils mapped by the SCS in the interior states
can be found in Appendix A.
Re: Section 3.3, para. 3, page 11, (Draft Copy).
In Wyoming there are many proposed final slope conditions that will exceed
400 feet horizontal distance (HI). We have accepted in mountainous or hogback
terrain slopes as great as 1,200' HI. So, I feel it is untrue to make the
statement that slopes in the Interior States will rarely exceed 400' in
length, for in rough terrain it is quite customary to realize slopes of this
length or slightly greater.
Re: Section 3.4, para. 4, page 13, and table 4, page 17.
The reported "C" values in table 4, are not applicable to conditions
initially existing on retopsoiled surface mined lands. As indicated in the
table title these are factors for permanent pasture and rangeland. The factors
were derived to include a "type III - soil residual effect" (Wischmeier,1972).
However, on retopsoiled surface mined lands the soil residual effect will be
minimal, thus the factors for "Type III effect" would approach 1.0.
With omission of the soil residual effect a "C" factor for a site having
"No appreciable canopy", "no canopy cover %", and no mulch or residue cover
(column 3, table 4) would be near 1.0. This value differs significantly from
the 9.45 value reported in column 4 — table 4, which is the only value that
a user could use for the site conditions listed in the previous sentence.
Clyde et al (1976) list factors for bare soil conditions on construction sites
ranging from 1.0 to 0.8. In my judgment these values more accurately repre-
sent "C" values for bare totally disturbed surface mine topsoil conditions
during the initial year.
To make the "C" values more applicable to reclamation conditions their
derivation should be basic to the anticipated minesoil - cover conditions.
I suggest that "C" values which do not account for "Type III residue effect"
(report in Wischmeier, 1972) be established for bare recently redistributed
topsoil conditions. Primary emphasis in erosion control design will be in the
initial years of revegetation.
-------
Further, the factors listed in tables 4 and 5, when plugged into the equation
will result in conservative estimates. Initial erosion and sedimation research
on mined lands has indicated much higher rates of soil loss than those occurring
on "natural" or nondisturbed sites. (Lusby and Toy, 1976; Gee £t_ al_, 1976). Thus,
I recommend that all factors be weighted towards what would be considered liberal
estimates. Based on the current accuracy of the equation for this situation it
is better to overdesign than underdesign.
Re: Section 3.5, table 6, page 19 (Draft).
Enclosed as Table 2 are values I have encountered and adjusted to utilize
for a "P" factor on surface mined lands. Note the terracing factor in column 4
Although the terracing factor in the table has limited usefulness in actual
design, the following equation (1) can be utilized to break exceedingly long
slope lengths down into acceptable lengths by terraces, level benches etc.:
Land Slope (%)
Number of Equally Spaced Intervals
1 15
Where:
n = (1/u)
1.67
(1)
n = number of approximately equal-length intervals into which the field
slope is divided.
a = permissable soil loss ratio (permissable soil loss (T/ac/yr) /RKLSCP)
Terracing may become an important tool for reclamation of exceedingly long
and relatively steep slopes.
I have adjusted the contour furrowing factors (column 3 of enclosed table)
for 19-24 and _> 25 percent slope upward to enable more liberal estimates for the
steeper slope condition.
Is "contour stripcropping" an applicable erosion control treatment in surface
mine reclamation? To my knowledge I do not know of it being a viable treatment.
If you should question its useability then I would suggest you leave it out so as
to not confuse the user with extraneous information.
-------
Re: Section 4.0, para. 4, page 20.
Enclosed as Appendix A is a discussion on the "T" value or permissable
soil loss level (PSL). Paragraph 3 of this appendix relates our attitude
towards establishing a PSL for predictive measurements. We generally utilize
15T/ac/yr as a PSL for the initial years of reclamation. This value is
utilized on construction sites for water qulaity control and control of
sediment delivery to sediment traps, (Personal communications, George Foster,
Hydraulic Engineer, Purdue University.
Re: Section 4.0, para. 6, page 21
Gee et al (1976) measured soil erosion using a rainfall simulator on
a Flaxton sandy loam spread over mine spoil. They measured a 35% increase
in the "K" value over that listed by the SCS or calculated by the Wischmeier
nomograph. Because of these early results I suggest that the SCS K values
be skewed upward to enable more liberal calculations or when estimating the
"K" by the Wischmeier nomograph the mine soil be considered massive or
structureless and the permeability reduced.
-------
Re: Section 3.3, table 1, page 12.
As was stated earlier in the comments, we encounter numerous occasions
in a reclamation contour map where final proposed slopes exceed 20% and are
>_ 400'. Thus, regardless of how speculative "LS" factors may be at this
magnitude of slope conditions, it is important that "LS" values reported for
these conditions are the best available and should be liberal rather than
conservative .
Many of the values reported in table 1 for the greater slope - length
conditions appear to be less than what has recently been accepted as more
accurate.
Example :
Table 1 reports for 20% slope and 400 foot length a "LS" value of 8.0.
By the following equation where slope length (n) = 400' and
% slope (S) = 20 :
Tq -,-43 + .3(20) + .-43(202) 400. °-6 , 10,000 _
~( 6.613 )(72£} C10,000+(20V " 9'6
The above modified equation is from Clyde et al (1976) and a
nomograph for "LS" values is shown in enclosed Figure 5-11.
It appears that the reported value of 8.0 in Table 1 was calculated using
an exponent of 0.5 on thelength fraction of the equation:
TQ - r.43 + .3(20) + .043(202) 400 °.s 10,000 _
Lb ( 6.613 n 7Z6 ; 4 ~
Clyde ejt^ al_ (1976) and Foster (personal communications, 1976) indicated
that for slopes > 10% an exponent of 0.6 should be utilized on the length
fraction of the equation.
I suggest that these changes be considered for Table 1.
Inferences Cited
Hyde, C.G. et_ al. 1975. "Erosion Control During Highway Construction." Natl. Coop.
High. Res. Program, Proj. 16-3, Transp. Res. Board. Natl. Res. Counc.,
Vol. II, 103p.
foster, George. 1976. (Personal Communications). Purdue University.
fee, G.W. et al. 1976. "Use of Soil Properties to Estimate Soil Loss by Water Erosion
~~on~~Surface-Mined Lands of Western North Dakota." North Dakota Farm Research
Vol. 34 (2).
taby, G.C. and T.J. Toy. 1976. "An Evaluation of Surface-mine Spoils Area Restoration
in Wyoming Using Rainfall Simulation." Earth Surface Processes, Vol.1:375-386
^schmeier, W.H. 1975. "Estimating the Soil Loss Equation's Cover and Management Factor
for Undisturbed Areas." Proc. Sediment-Yield Workshop, 1972.
-------
THOMAS L JUDGE
~,O . ERNOR
State of
(Office of flic
Helena 5 9 Ml
Northern Powder River Basin EIS
Power Block Bldg., Rm. 221
July 8, 1977
Mr. Arnold C. King
SCS, USDA
P.O. Box 17107
Denver, Colorado 80217
near Mr. King:
Through Messrs. Dan Kimball and Gary Parker of the EPA, Denver, I
received a copy of your draft report on the application of the Universal
Soil Loss Equation to surface mined lands in the West. I was asked to
submit substantive comments directly to you. My comments are enclosed.
I necessarily view all slope erosion studies and applications as
part of a larger picture, that of the drainage basin. Slope and channel
processes are interrelated to the extent that generally only the basin
unit provides a comprehensive perspective of erosion/deposition phenom-
ena. Accordingly, I consider an application of the USLE to the reclama-
tion process to be of limited utility. However, I concur with you in
that it apparently is the best thing we have going at present which
attempts to quantify even a portion of the action.
I must also point out that my experience primarily derives from
Montana, and to a lesser extent, Wyoming. Therefore, my comments are
biased towards this experience.
I hope the enclosed comments will be of some use to you. If you
have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
Regards,
David Stiller
Kydrologist-Geologist
NPRB EIS State Team
DS:gs
Enclosure
cc: Dan Kimball, EPA
Gary Parker, EPA
C-2
-------
Comments: "Preliminary Guidance for Estimating Erosion on Areas
Disturbed by Surface Mining Activities in the Interior Western
United States"
1; Numerous references are made in the text to research apparently in
progress or in the planning stages. Inasmuch as a summary work of this
type is only current as of a given manuscript date, it would be advan-
tageous to the reader if the studies referred to are specifically described
such that future readers will have an idea of when and where they were
completed. If you and the SCS are involved in any of this research, it
should be so stated.
A specific need is for the quantification of the K factor for
surface mine reclamation areas. To a lesser extent, other factors of
the USLE are also unquantified insofar as the minine process is concerned.
As noted by researchers in North Dakota, "The applicability of the
equation for mine spoil areas appears sound, but the coefficients K, C
and S are not known with confidence at mine sites, since virtually no
work has been done as yet to evaluate these factors on drastically
disturbed lands." (Gee, e^t al., 1976). Research is in progress by
Forest Service personnel involved with the SEAM Project in Bozeman,
Montana, to derive the limits of K for surface mining situations.
I suspect that quantification of the K factor in the West will
prove to be difficult, especially for topsoil salvaged from surface
mining operations. Soil pH, salts, sodium concentrations, etc. are all
substantially different in western soils than in the soils indigenous to
the Midwest where the USLE was derived.
The accuracy of the R factor is subject to more than, as you state,
"...upon how close the actual precipitation events match the yearly
averages." The concept you mention is itself dependent upon both the
length of record at the weather stations considered and the density of
these stations over the area being mapped. Distribution of weather
stations and records in the West is relatively sparse; therefore, the
accuracy of R factor determinations is suspect when mapped at a small
scale. Regional generalizations based on sparsely distributed data
pni_nts tend to ignore significant local variations, such as orographic
influences.
I see no easy way around the problem of inaccurate or misleading R
factors, for solutions are always only as good as the data used.
Nonetheless, it should be made very clear to the reader that R factors
in the West are subject to regional error.
2) In the example problem on predicting soil loss, the assumption that
K "may remain relatively constant if the surface soil is redistributed
in the approximate vicinity where it was removed," is without basis in
light of Montana experience. Until more definitive methods of defining
post-mining K values are developed, and for the purposes of simplifi-
cation if not accuracy, one might assume that pre-mining and post-mining
K values are equal. However, it does not follow that topsoil will be
redistributed over the recontoured spoils in the same general vicinities
-------
-2-
as where it was initially collected. Topsoil salvaging operations, as
practiced in Montana and much of Wyoming, involve operators scraping
approximate surface thicknesses of all soil units and stockpiling every-
thing together. Such being the case, it is impossible for the operator
to redistribute the stockpiled soils in the same manner as they origi-
nally formed. Perhaps a better method of deriving a post-mining K
value, until current studies are completed, may be to use a weighted
average of K for all soil types found on the pre-mining site.
You also assume that major portions of reclaimed surface will be
returned immediately to pastureland. I am not aware of how other states
handle the matter, but Montana requires a minimum of a 5 year bond and
reclamation period before the regulatory agency can release the surface
for customary land uses. Put differently, no private grazing occurs for
at least 5 years following initial reclamation and revegetation attempts.
If other western states have similar practices you might consider them
to make the text example representative of current techniques.
3) I find sections 4.0 and 5.0 to contain the most interesting mate-
rial. In the first paragraph of the former, the rationale and practical
limit of the USLE is stated: "The USLE was developed to predict soil
loss from agricultural lands due to sheet and rill erosion. It does not
account for gully erosion, which cannot be predicted by any known formula.
You have accurately noted the original intent of the USLE, and you have
cautioned the reader that at least one other geomorphic process may be
unaccounted for in the equation. The potential user, especially if
technically unfamiliar with the scope of erosion/deposition phenomena,
must be made aware that sheet and rill erosion may account for only a
minor portion of the erosion occurring on reclaimed slopes. It may be
said that the primary difference between a rill and a gully is one of
size; making the distinction between a large rill and a small gully may
be difficult. For that matter, when does a rill become a gully?
Additional erosive processes also occur on reclaimed slopes in the
West, none of which are measured by the USLE. These include, but are
not limited to: wind action, piping, saturated flow, and soil creep.
The relative magnitude of these processes, degree of interaction, and
how they tie in with the channel processes which ultimately attempt to
remove slope-deposited sediments from the basin are all virtually
unknown. Indeed, to quantify all of the above would probably tax an
innovative computer modeller. I doubt that the formulators of the USLE
ever intended their equation to cover the above phenomena.
You state in Section 5.0 that, "Gross erosion can be estimated by
use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation". I must take exception to this
statement. Sheet and rill wash are only a few of the erosive activites
operating on slopes in attempted reclamation areas. Likewise, it should
be clear that the USLE only covers two processes and excludes the others.
Until a comprehensive analysis is undertaken of the relative magnitude
of all processes operating on post-mining slopes, I consider it pre-
mature to equate gross erosion with sheet and rill wash. Inasmuch as
different processes may account for more sediment moved on post-mining
slopes than in the undisturbed state, using the USLE as an estimate of
gross erosion may provide estimates off by several orders of magnitude.
-------
-3-
An additional point should be clarified, and that is your defini-
tion of gross erosion in the Glossary: "The total amount of water
erosion occurring on a site. Includes sheet and rill and gulley (?)
erosion." I have two observations. First, the use of the word gross
implies an all-inclusive context, whereas your definition includes only
water erosion, to the exclusion of wind and gravity, which may be equally
as important. Second, your use of the term gross erosion in the text in
Section 5.0 apparently is not intended to include gully erosion. (Sec-
tion 4.0: the USLE, "...does not account for gully erosion, which
cannot be predicted by any known formula.") I suggest that the defini-
tion be reworded.
I want to emphasize that my intent is not to disparage the possible
value of a quantifiable method of comparing reclamation plans. I realize
full well that it is frequently too easy to criticize without making
suggestions for improvement. In this case, however, such suggestions
may not be possible because science simply has not advanced sufficiently.
Application of the USLE, however lacking and inappropriate in many
cases, may be all we have. Nonetheless, I want to impress upon the non-
technical reader that this application of the USLE should be used within
very strict and well-defined limits. Too frequently, individuals use
equations without an understanding of its inherent limitations. I wish
to state those limitations at the outset.
Reference: Gee, G.W., Gilley, J.E., and Bauer, Armand, 1976, "Use of
Soil Properties to Estimate Soil Loss by Water Erosion on Surface-
Mined Lands of Western North Dakota", North Dakota Farm Research,
vol. 34 (2), pp. 40-43.
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