United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Enforcement
Washington DC 20460
EPA 340/1-78-009b
July 1978
Air Enforcement
Compilation and
Analysis of State
Regulations for SO2*
IMOX, Opacity,
Continuous Monitoring,
and Applicable
Test Methods
Stationary Source
Enforcement Series
Volume I
-------
COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF
STATE REGULATIONS FOR
S02, NOX, OPACITY, CONTINUOUS MONITORING
AND APPLICABLE TEST METHODS
VOLUME I
EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-01-4146
TASK ORDER 40
Presented to
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Division of Stationary Source Enforcement
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
EPA Project Officer: John R. Busik
EPA Task Manager: Howard Wright
Presented by
Engineering-Science
7903 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
June 2, 1978
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Page
SECTION I
SECTION II
SECTION III
INTRODUCTION 1-1
BACKGROUND 1-2
STATE-ADOPTED EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES II-l
OPACITY II-2
SULFUR DIOXIDE (S02) 11-15
NITROGEN OXIDES 11-24
MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE 11-24
STATE-ADOPTED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
FOR EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES III-l
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE II-l VARIATION IN VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR "ALL
EXISTING SOURCES" i.e., NON-SPECIFIC SOURCE CATEGORY II-4
TABLE II-2 ALLOWABLE EXCEPTIONS TO VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR "ALL EXISTING SOURCES" i.e., NON-SPECIFIC
SOURCE CATEGORY II-5
TABLE II-3 AGENCY-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
"ALL EXISTING SOURCES," i.e., NOT SOURCE SPECIFIC II-7
TABLE II-4 VARIATION IN VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM GENERATORS (FFFSG) 11-10
TABLE II-5 STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM GENERATORS 11-11
TABLE II-6 STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING PORTLAND CEMENT PLANTS 11-12
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Page
TABLE II-7
TABLE II-8
TABLE II-9
TABLE 11-10
TABLE 11-11
TABLE 11-12
TABLE 11-13
TABLE 11-14
TABLE 11-15
STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING FBCCU CATALYST REGENERATORS 11-13
AGENCY-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING HOG FUEL-FIRED BOILERS 11-14
TYPES OF SO. EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES FOR EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED
STEAM GENERATORS (FFFSG) 11-17
TYPES OF SO EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES FOR EXISTING SULFURIC ACID PLANTS 11-18
TYPES OF S02 EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES FOR EXISTING NON-FERROUS (Cu, Pb,
Zn) SMELTERS 11-20
UNITS OF AGENCY APPROVED S02 EMISSION STANDARDS 11-21
AGENCIES WITH NO EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SELECTED
EXISTING SOURCE CATEGORIES . 11-25
UNITS OF AGENCY-APPROVED NO EMISSION STANDARDS 11-26
PROVISIONS FOR MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
SOURCE OPERATION AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC)
EQUIPMENT 11-30
ii
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FOREWORD
This research was performed for the Division of
Stationary Source Enforcement (DSSE), Knvironnental
Protection Aqency under Task.. Order No. 40, F.PA Contract
No. 68-01-4146. Mr. Howard Wright, Compliance Monitoring
Branch, Division of Stationary Source Enforcement was
the I:.:PA. Task .'ianaqer. ;, • •-.....
Because this document, is/a product o't" the efforts
of ir.any individuals, it is impossible to acknowledge
each person who has contriouted. However, special
recoc;nition is
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report is issued by the Office of Enforcenent,
Linviroruuental Protection Agency. Copies are available
for a nominal cost from the National Technical Information
.Service, 52W5 Port Royal Road, Sprinqfield, VA. 22161.
The opinions expressed in this report are those of the
producing contractor and are not necessarily those of
tho i.i.S. hnvironiiiental Protection Agency. This report
in p.ot to be used as an all inclusive reference document
tor existing SIP regulations for selected sources and
oollutants.
-------
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
On October 6, 1975 Federal regulations were promulgated which required
new and modified facilities within certain stationary source categories to
install, operate, and maintain continuous emission monitoring systems. At
that same time individual states were given a mandate to adopt minimum
emission monitoring requirements for specified existing stationary sources
by incorporating continuous monitoring (CM) provisions within their respec-
tive State Implementation Plans (SIP) by no later than October 6, 1976.
To date some states have yet to respond by inclusion of the necessary moni-
toring requirements within their SIPs. Of the states which have drafted and
proposed provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources, the CM
regulations have differed substantially in form, applicability, and enforce-
ability.
The Division of Stationary Source Enforcement (DSSE) has engaged
Engineering-Science (ES) to develop a document that summarizes the subject
state CM regulations which have been proposed throughout the nation. In
addition to this review of state CM regulations for existing sources, ES
concurrently compiled all of the various state emission standards for opacity,
S02, NOX, and sulfur compounds other than S02 as currently in effect for
existing stationary sources within each state. Finally, when a state regu-
lation or supplemental guideline document was found to designate specific
source test procedures for determination of compliance, the compliance test
method of that particular state was noted during the regulations review.
This report is presented in three parts: Volume I, which presents the
overall summary of the state regulations for continuous monitoring and
emissions limitations for existing sources; Volume II, which consists of
summary tabulations, by state, of the particular existing source groups
regulated by an emission standard for opacity, S02> NOX, and other sulfur
compounds; Volume III, which contains the excerpts from each applicable agency
regulation cited pertinent to emission standards, continuous monitoring, and
compliance test methods for existing stationary sources.
1-1
-------
BACKGROUND
Current copies of air pollution control regulations were solicited and
received by ES during the period February-March, 1978 for each of the fifty
state agencies, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands,
and twelve local agencies selected in concert with the Task Manager.
Each agency's regulations were subsequently reviewed to develop a compilation
consisting of (1) emission standards for opacity, SC>2, NOX, and other sulfur
compounds, and of (2) continuous emission monitoring requirements, as applied
by that agency to existing sources. The Addendum to Volume I provides a con-
cise, one-page summary for a given state therein identifying what existing
source groups are subject to emission standards and which of those facilities
are required to conduct continuous monitoring.
Soon after this project began, it was recognized that identification of
the SIP-approved regulations (i.e., proposed by agency and approved by EPA
for inclusion within;a SIP) could require extensive contacts with both EPA
and state agency personnel. The initial approach of using EPA's SIP file
for regulation identification had proven cumbersome and time-consuming.
Thus, the regulations herein compiled are those as provided by the particu-
lar agencies. In some cases parts of those regulations are at a stage of
being only agency-adopted at this time, while in other instances the regula-
tions have not only been adopted but also approved as part of an agency's
SIP. In either case there is a high degree of confidence that- the regulations,
as received and reviewed, are "current." Several agency regulations were
suspect from the standpoint that the minimal CM regulations received could
possibly have been expanded but not included within the regulations provided
to ES. In each case a follow-up contact with those agencies revealed that
n£ additional CM regulations had been drafted and proposed by the agencies
in question. Given the dynamic nature of the regulatory process, it is
recognized that new and modified regulations are continually being developed,
drafted, proposed and approved. For that reason the "current" status of
some of the regulations cited herein is undoubtedly certain to be short-lived.
^ ' Local agencies: Allegheny County (PA), Bay Area (CA) APCD, Boston,
Chicago, Dade County (FL), Denver, Jefferson County (KY), Philadelphia,
Puget Sound (WA), St. Louis, South Coast (CA) AQMD, Wayne County (MI).
1-2
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SECTION II
STATE-ADOPTED EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES
A major area of interest to this project was the identification and
compilation of each agency's emission standards for existing sources for
the following pollutants:
o opacity (or visible emissions)
o sulfur dioxide (SC>2)
o nitrogen oxides (NOX)
o sulfur compounds other than S02 (eg. H2S04 and TRS)
A comprehensive state-by-state listing of each existing source group regu-
lated by emission standards for one or more of the above pollutants is
tabulated in Volume II of this report. As shown in Volume II, the range of
source categories affected by emission limitations is quite widespread from
"all existing facilities" to "pilot plants". Within a given state one pollu-
tant may have as many as ten emission standards for ten individual types of
existing facilities while another pollutant may have no emission limitations
for existing sources. A particular state having extensive emission standards
for a given pollutant may be geographically adjacent to a state having no
emission limitations for that same pollutant. The variety of existing sources
covered by emission standards, coupled with the different ways of expressing
those standards, is quite broad.
From this conceptual three-dimensional matrix of states, source cate-
gories, and emission standards, DSSE personnel have identified the following
existing source categories and associated pollutants for which details of
the applicable emission standards are of prime and immediate concern:
OPACITY
o Fossil fuel-fired steam generators (FFFSG)
o Portland cement plants
o Catalyst regenerators of fluid bed catalytic cracking
units (FBCCU)
o Hog fuel-fired boilers
o Kraft recovery furnaces
o Basic oxygen process furnaces (BOPF)
o Ferroalloy electric submerged arc furnaces
II-l
-------
SO
o FFFSG o FFFSG
o Sulfuric acid o Nitric acid plants
plants
o Smelters
The remainder of this section discusses the types' and extent of emission
standards for each of the pollutant/source category groupings identified
above.
OPACITY
The structures of most agency regulations for visible emissions are
general in wording but broad in terms of areas of applicability. Although
most of the agencies have identified at least a few specific source cate-
gories for which particular opacity standards have been written, in almost
all cases an agency's regulations include an emission limitation on visible
emissions which applies to practically everything that might be considered
a stationary source. The most- commonplace .form of this wide-coverage
opacity standard is the use of the general source grouping termed "all
existing sources". Other frequently used terminologies assuring wide-
spread applicability of a single opacity standard include "existing equip-
ment", "existing facilities", "stationary sources", "process operations", and
"existing installations." The end result of this generalized phraseology
for visible emissions standards is obvious. Although an agency's regulations
on visible emissions may be few in number, the total number of facilities
affected may be quite large whenever the agency has adopted an opacity
standard for "all existing sources."
This practice of using "all existing sources" in applying emission
standards for pollutants is commonplace, especially so for opacity. .Although
a preliminary review of a state's .emission standards for opacity may indi-
cate that few specific source categories are actually covered, the presence
of an all-inclusive opacity standard means otherwise. This fact must always
be considered in attempting to quantify the number of agencies that have an
opacity standard for a particular source group. To those agencies having
II-2
-------
an opacity standard for the source type in question, one must add the agencies
lacking that source-specific standard but having the all-encompassing regula-
tion pertinent to "all existing facilities."
"All Existing Sources"
Table II-l illustrates the range of visible emission standards employed
by state and local agencies to govern the vast majority of existing sources.
Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the District of Columbia is the only
agency to completely prohibit visible emissions from all stationary sources.
As evidenced by Table II-l, the agencies are rather evenly divided between
an emission limitation for existing sources of 20% opacity (Ringelmann #1)
and a standard of 40% opacity (Ringelmann #2). The states of Missouri,
Montana, Tennessee, and Vermont actually use both opacity standards for
existing sources, i.e., one set of specified sources must emit no greater
than 20% opacity, while a second group of sources are permitted emissions up
to 40% opacity. Conspicuous by their absence in Table II-l are the state
agencies of,New Hampshire and New Jersey. These two states along with the
Boston local agency are the only agencies which do not have some type of
broad-scope opacity standard for existing sources. The seven agencies
identified by an asterisk in Table II-l are unique because their visible
emission standards for this generalized, non-specific source category are
expressed solely in units of the Ringelmann scale.
Most of the state and local agencies will allow visible emissions to
exceed their standard for some finite period of time. As shown in Table
II-2, only nine states and one local have opacity standards for all existing
sources without an exception period. Of the agencies that do provide for
intermittent excursions above the standard, the usual period allowed for
emissions higher than the standard is between three to five minutes per hour.
A few agencies allow the visible emissions to remain above the standard for
six or eight minutes per hour. (It is these periods that must be accounted
for in determinations of excess visible emissions. Opacities exceeding the
standard, but for a time period not greater than the allowable exception, are
not considered as excess visible emissions.) On one extreme of the allowable
II-3
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TABLE H-1
VARIATION IN VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR "ALL EXISTING SOURCES"
i.e.. NON-SPECIFIC SOURCE CATEGORY
OPACITY
STANDARD
STATES WHICH USE
LOCALS
WHICH USE
M
I
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Maryland, District of Columbia
Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware,
'• i^"' ^ * • i/
Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts , Michigan, Minnesota,
* . . ^
Missouri,-Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico , New York, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee,
*
Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia , Puerto Rico
^ ^
Illinois, Texas
/-I/ v/
Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana,'Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina,
* /
, Ut
**
North Dakota, Oregon, South Carolina , Tennessee
Wisconsin, Wyoming, Virgin Islands
New Hampshire, New Jersey
Jtah, Vermont,
Allegheny Co., Bay Area
APCD, Denver, Jefferson
*
Co., Philadelphia , Puget
*
Sound , South Coast AQMD
Chicago, Wayne Co.
*
Dade Co., St. Louis
Boston
**
Standard written only in units of Ringelmann Scale.
i
No visible emissions standard for "All Existing Sources".
-------
TABLE II-2
i
in
ALLOWABLE EXCEPTIONS TO VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR "ALL EXISTING SOURCES"
i.e., NON-SPECIFIC SOURCE CATEGORY
MINUTES/HOUR PERMITTED TO EXCEED STANDARD
NONE TWO
(2)
Arizona New Mexico
(2)
Florida Washington
Iowa District of
., Columbia
Kansas
Kentucky
Nebraska
Utah
Virginia
Wyoming
Jefferson Co.
(1) 3 min/30 min
(2) 1 min/30 min
(3) 15 min/8 hr
(4) 4 min/30 min
(5) 3 min/30 min
THREE FOUR
Alabama Louisiana
Alaska Maryland
California Minnesota
Colorado Montana
Delaware North Dakota
Hawaii
Idaho
Michigan
Nevada
New York
Ohio
Oregon
; Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota •':',; r
Allegheny Co.
Bay Area APCD
Dade Co.
Denver
Philadelphia
Puget Sound
South Coast AQMD
FIVE SIX EIGHT
Arkansas Georgia Illinois
(4)
Connecticut Massachusetts Puerto Rico
(4)
Maine Missouri Chicago
North Carolina Vermont
Oklahoma Virgin Islands .
South Carolina St. Louis
Tennessee Wayne Co .
Texas
West Virginia
Wisconsin \
i
i
(
_. . , . ,. . . . ..'.... . - . ..-...-..,.-,
,*>••• > it V :v
-------
exceptions, Mississippi (not shown in Table II-2) permits visible emissions
from all existing sources to exceed the standard for up to 15 minutes per
hour. On the other hand, Indiana (not shown in Table II-2) permits opaci-
ties above the standard, but only for a period of 15 minutes per day. This
latter method of expressing the allowable exception points out another
characteristic common to many of the visible emissions standards. Although
a large percentage of agencies do allow the standard to be exceeded inter-
mittently, many of those same agencies also specify the number of times the
opacity can be higher than the standard. This restriction is most fre-
quently written to define the total minutes in a day that the standard may
be exceeded.
The other feature of visible emissions standards that is sometimes
used by those agencies which permit exceptions is the maximum allowable
opacity during an excursion when the standard itself is exceeded. For the
agencies which prescribe a ceiling on the maximum opacity, that restriction
.• t
ranges from 20% to 40% above the opacity standard. In the case of Wiscon-
sin, for example, this article means that opacities of up to 80% for five
minutes per hour are allowable. Conversely, some states which utilize an
exception period to the visible emissions standard do not place an upper
limit on the opacity when the standard is exceeded. Thus, in the case of
Delaware, for example, the emissions exceeding the 20% standard could tech-
nically be at 100% opacity during three minutes per hour.
Table II-3 is a tabulation of the salient features of each agency's
visible emissions standard for the "all existing sources" category. In
addition to the entries for opacity standard, allowable periods of exception,
and maximum opacities during excursion above standard, the last column of
that table cites the specific terminology used by each state or local for its
all-inclusive opacity standard. As the remainder of this section demon-
strates, because the actual number-of source category-specific standards for
opacity are so few, the existence of this generalized category standard has
wide-reaching effects upon those categories of prime interest to DSSE.
II-6
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TABLE II-3
AGENCY-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
FOR "ALL
OPACITY
20Z
20Z
40%
Equiv.
n
20%
20%
20Z
20Z
20%
Equiv.
It2
40%
40%
30%
40Z
40%
40%
40%
20%
40%
OZ or
20%
-
20%
20%
20%
40%
Equiv.
;/l or j'2
Equiv.
?! or 42
207.
20%
-
-
20Z
AC-
EXISTING SOURCES," i.e.; NOT SOURCE SPECIFIC *
RINGELMANN . EXCEPTIONS
#1 #1-03 min/hr
>20%, 3 min/hr
n
it2 02-#3, 5 min/hr
3 times/day
>20Z, 3 min/hr
20%-40%, 3 min/hr
#1 <40Z or #2,
5 min/hr
#1 >20%, 3 min/hr
& 15 min/24 hr
« . -
»2- #2-03, 3 min/hr
#2 #2-#3, 3 min/hr
»2 >S2, 3 min/hr
30Z-60Z, 8 min/
hr, 3 times/day)
in >40%, 15 min/day
#2
-
• -
>20%, 4. min/hr
#2 >40% for 5 min/
hr or 15 min/
cont. 3 hrs
0 or ffl <40Zi 4 min/hr
//I . <<)2, 6 min/hr
ill 20%-40%, 3 min/
hr, 3 times/
. day
20%-40%, 4 ain/
hr 4 40%-60%,
4 min/hr
20%-40Z,' 4 min/
. hr
if2 >:>'2, 15 niir./hr
3 times/day
•>'l or i!2 -Jl-42, ttl--:l3,
J2-;?3, for
6 ain/hr
(varies within
state)
.?! or -?2 v'l-?3 or £2-v3,
'-» ain/hr
=?1
>202, 3 ain/hr
-
-
#1 >'/!. 1 ain/30 ain
>20%, 3 min/hr
i>2 >40%, 5 ain/hr, or
20 rain/day
NAME OF
SOURCE. CITED
Stationary Sources
Industrial Processes
All Sources
Existing Equip.
All
Sta. Air Con tan.
Sources
Process Sources 4
All Sources
All Sources
All Sources Not
Otherwise Covered
All Facilities
Existing Sources
Existing Sources
All Other Emission
.Sources
All Sources
All
Processing -of
Materials
Process Operations
All Sources
All Sources
'Existing Installation
Stationary Source
Other than Incin. .
All Sources
Industrial Process
Equipment
Existing Facilities,
N. 0. Regulated
All Sources
All Sources
All Installations i
All Single Sources
All
All
-
-
All Sources
Any Air Contamination
All Sources
II-7
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TABLE II-3 (Continued)
AGENCY-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
FOR "ALL EXISTING SOURCES," i.e., NOT SOURCE SPECIFIC
STATE
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
D. C.
Puerto Rico
OPACITY RINGELMANN
Equiv. #2
n
20% #1
20% #1
40%
20%
20%
#2
20% #1
20% or #1 or #2
40%
30% (5
min ave . )
40% #2
20% or
40%
20%
20%
#1
40% #2
40%
0%
20% #1
EXCEPTIONS
#2-03, 4 min/hr
20%-60%, 3 ain/hr
20%-60%, 5 min/hr
20 min/ day
>40%, 3 min/hr
20%-60%, 3 min/hr
>20%, 3 min/hr
#2-03, 5 min/hr,
or 20 min/day
20%-60%, 3 min/hr
>20% or >40%,
5 min/hr, 20 min/
day
>30%, 5 min/hr
6 hr/10 days
—
>20% or >40%,
6 min/hr;
always <60%
-
>20%, 15 min/
8 hr
#1-03, 5 min/hr
40%-80%, 5 min/
hr, 3 times/day
0-20%, 2 min/hr
12 min/day
20%-60%, 4 min/
30 min
SAME OF
SOURCE CITED
Existing Installations
All Single Sources
All Sources
All Sources
All
All
All Sources
All Sources
All Air Contam. Sources
& "Certain Existing
Sources"
Stationary Flue
All Existing Single
Sources
Installations
All Sources
All Sources
All
All Sources Before
4/1/72
All Existing Sources
All Sources
(>100 TPY)
Stationary Sources
Virgin Islands Equiv.
#2
#2
>#2, 6 min/hr
All Existing Single
Sources
Allegheny Co. Equiv.
#1
Bay Area APCD Equiv.
Boston
Chicago
Puget Sound
St. Louis
South Coast
AQt-O)
Wayne Co.
Equiv.
#1.5
Dade Co.
Denver 20";
Jefferson Co. 20%
Philadelphia
Equiv.
n
Equiv.
••'1
30 r.
•11
n
#1.5
#l-#3, 3 min/hr All Sources
>#1, 3 min/hr All Sources
#1.5-02, 4 min/
30 ain; #1.5-
:?3, 4 ain/hr-
soot blowing.acc.
>v2, 3 ain/hr
>20%, 3*
#l-#3, 3 min/hr
>:•!, 3 aiin/hr
>#2, 6 min/hr
>••'!, 3 ain/hr
>3-Z, 3 min/30 min
All Sources
All Sources
All Sources
Process Operations
All Sources (Except
Incin.)
All Sources
Existing Single Sources
Single Source of
Emission
All Sources
II-8
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Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Generators (FFFSG)
With the possible exception of incineration, the source category of
FFFSG, or some variant thereof, is the most regulated facility among the
state and local agencies' emission standards for visible emissions. How-
ever, the exact terminology of "fossil fuel-fired steam generators" is
used infrequently in agency standards for visible emissions from existing
sources. More commonplace source descriptions consist of the following:
o fuel-burning equipment
o indirect heating equipment
o indirect heat exchangers
o combustion units or combustion installations
Florida is the only agency for which a visible emissions standard is
specifically written for existing FFFSG. However, because in each case
FFFSG is an element within a larger set of sources defined by the above
source category descriptions, visible emissions standards as written for
those more encompassing source categories have been interpreted to apply
specifically to existing FFFSG.
As shown in Table II-4, only 13 states and three locals have specific
opacity standards applicable to FFFSG. Of those agency standards the most
predominant opacity limitation is 20%. As in the case of visible emissions
standards for "All Existing Sources", Kentucky again has one set of "in-
direct heat exchangers" subject to the 20% limitation and a second group
within that same category allowed to emit up to the 40% opacity level.
Recognizing that FFFSG would be included within the larger category of "All
Existing Sources", the states and locals identified in Table II-4 would
have to be combined with those agencies in Table II-l in order to charac-
terize the total number of agencies within which opacity limitations on
FFFSG are applicable. In doing this exercise, visible emissions from exist-
ing FFFSG are found to be covered by some form of emission standard for all
of the 65 agency regulations reviewed.
Table II-5 is a tabular listing of the states and locals with visible
emissions standards for existing FFFSG. In addition to the standards, the
II-9
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TABLE II-4
VARIATION IN VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR
EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM GENERATORS (FFFSG)
OPACITY
STANDARD
STATES WHICH USE
LOCALS WHICH USE
i
M
O
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana,
*
Massachusetts , Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York
Arizona, Kansas, Kentucky
Bay Area APCD, Jeffer-
son County
Boston
**
Standard specified only in units of Ringelmann.
'//2 on ASTM Smoke Scale.
-------
TABLE II-5
STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
FOR
EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM
GENERATORS
STATE
Alaska
Arizona
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Mississippi
OPACITY RINGELMANN
20%
40%
202 111
20%
20% #1
-
40%
20% &
40%
Equiv. 91
91
111
20%
-
EXCEPTIONS
>20Z, 3 min/hr
>40Z, 10 consec.
sec.
<40Z or n, 5
min/hr
>20Z but <40%,
2 min/hr
01-//2, 2 min/hr
40%-60%, 10 min/
day-fire starting
40Z-60Z, 5 min/
hr, 6 times/day-
soot blowing
-
202-40%, or
40%-60%, 2-6
min/hr
>01, 4 min/hr
<_ 112, 6 min/hr
20%-40%, 4 min/hr
40%-60%, 4 min/hr
Up to #3, 10 min/
NAME OF
SOURCE CITED
Fuel Burning Equip .
Fuel Burning Equip .
Fuel Burning Equip.
Fuel Burning Equip.
FFFSG
All Sources
Indirect Heating
Equip.
Indirect Heat
Exchangers
Combustion Unit
Fossil Fuel Utiliza-
tion Facility
Indirect Heating
Equip.
All Sources
New Hampshire 20%
New Jersey 20%
New York
20%
Bay Area APCD Equiv.
#1
Boston
Jefferson Co. 202
#1
SI
82
10 Btu/day-soot
blowing
<40%, 2 min/hr
>20Z but <40Z,
3 min/hr
>//!, 3 min/hr
.71-03,,6 min/
day/10 3tu-
soot blowing
On std. smoke
scale (ASTM)
202-40%, 10 min/
60 min, 20%-80%
depending on
type, start-up
Steam Generators
Indirect Heat Ex-
changers
Stationary Combus-
tion Installations
Heat Transfer
Operations
Fuel Burning Equip-
ment
Indirect Heat
Exchangers
11-11
-------
allowable periods of exceptions exceeding the standards and the particular
source category terminology used by each state are also indicated. Although
the states of Indiana and Mississippi have no specific standard for FFFSG,
these agencies do cite particular exceptions in the cases of fire starting
and/or soot blowing. Because these operations are characteristic of FFFSG,
those two agencies have been included in Table II-5.
Portland Cement Plants
Of the agencies reviewed, only four states have opacity standards
specifically for existing portland cement plants. The details of those
particular regulations are shown below.
TABLE II-6
STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
FOR EXISTING PORTLAND CEMENT PLANTS
STATE OPACITY RINGELMANN EXCEPTIONS
Arizona 10%/20% - kiln/clinker cooler; Phoenix-
Tuscon AQCR only
Georgia 10% #1/2
Minnesota 20% - 20%-40%, 4 min/30 min
40%-60%, 4 min/hr
New York 20% //I >20%, 3 min/hr
None of the local agencies have particular opacity standards for this source
category. Other state and local agencies with opacity standards applicable
to portland cement plants consist of those identified previously under "All
Existing Sources."
FBCUU Catalyst Regenerators
Similar to the conditions for portland cement plants, only four states
have visible emissions standards for existing FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
Those states and their appropriate emission standards are identified in the
following table.
11-12
-------
TABLE II-7
STATE-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
FOR EXISTING FBCCU CATALYST REGENERATORS
., STATE
*
Louisiana
Minnesota
New Mexico
Washington
OPACITY RINGELMANN
30%
30%
40%
40%
>30!
>30.'
40%-
>4o:
EXCEPTIONS
>30%, 3 min/hr
>30%, 3 min/hr
40%-60%, 15 min/day
>40%, 3 min/hr
Listed as FCCU Incinerator - Waste Heat Boiler
None of the local agencies have particular opacity standards for this source
category. Other state and local agencies with opacity standards applicable
to existing FBCCU catalyst regenerators consist of those identified pre-
viously under "All Existing Sources."
Hog Fuel-Fired Boilers
The situation for existing hog fuel-fired boilers being specifically
identified as such in state/local agency regulations is similar to the
applicability of regulations for FFFSG. Washington is the only agency with
an opacity standard specifically directed at "hog fuel boilers". Whereas
Florida was the only agency with an opacity standard specific to FFFSG,
Florida also has a visible, emissions standard for "carbonaceous fuel burn-
ing equipment." The remainder of state and local emission standards directly
applicable to visible emissions from hog fuel-fired boilers results from
those agency terminologies such as "fuel-burning equipment", "indirect heat
exchangers", etc. It should be noted that the source categories named in
several agency regulations as "wood waste burners" and "wood residue
burners" are facilities such as teepee or wigwam burners and are associated
with incineration instead of hog fuel-fired boilers.
Table II-8 is a tabulation of the 12 state and three local agencies
with visible emissions limitations directly applicable to hog fuel-fired
11-13
-------
TABLE II-8
AGENCY-APPROVED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
FOR EXISTING HOG FUEL-FIRED BOILERS
STATE OPACITY RINGELJtAiSN
EXCEPTIONS
NAME OF
SOURCE CITED'
Alaska 20%
Arizona 40%
Connecticut 20%
Delaware 20%
Florida 30%
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Minnesota
40%
20% &
Equiv.
#1
20%
Mississippi
New Hampshire
Sew Jersey 20%
New York 20%
Washington
20%
Boston
Jefferson Co. 20%
//I
#1.5
//I
#2
ill
Bay Area APCD Equiv. #1
#1
;/2
>20%, 3 mic/hr
>40%, 10 cons.
sec.
20%-40%, 5 min/
hr
20%-40%, 2 min/
hr
30%-40%, 2 min/
hr
40%-60%, 10 min/
day-fire starting
40%-60%, 5 min/
hr, 6 times/day-
soot blowing
20%-40%, or 40%-
60%, 2-6 min/hr
>#1, 4 min/hr
202^40%, 4 min/
hr, 40%-60%,
4 .min/hr
<. #3, 10 min/109
Btu/day-soot
blowing
>#2, 6 min/60
min-soot blow-
ing, etc.
20%-40%, 3 min/hr
>20%, 15 min/4 hr
>#1, 3 min/hr
#l--?3,-6 min/
day/10 Btu-
soot blowing
ASTM smoke scale
202-40%, 10 min/
hr, 20%-80%, de-
pending on type
and start-up
Fuel Burning Equip-
ment
Fuel Burning Equip-
ment
Fuel Burning Equip-
ment (Solid)
Fuel Burning Equip-
ment
Carbonaceous Fuel
Burning Equipment
All Sources
Indirect Heating
Equipment
Indirect Heat
Exchangers
Combustion Unit
Indirect Heating
Equipment
All Sources
Fuel Burning
Equipment
Indirect Heat
Exchangers
Stationary Com-
bustion Installa-
tions
Hog Fuel Boilers
Heat Transfer
Operations
Fuel Burning
Equipment
Indirect Heat
Exchangers
11-14
-------
boilers. Other state and local agencies with opacity standards that can
be related to hog fuel-fired boilers consist of those identified previously
under "All Existing Sources."
Kraft Recovery Furnaces
Visible emissions limitations on existing kraft recovery furnaces are
specifically promulgated as such only by the State of Washington. The
emission standard prescribed for that group of existing facilities is 35%
opacity. Visible emissions exceeding that standard are allowed for six
minutes per hour. Other state and local agencies with opacity standards
applicable to kraft recovery furnaces consist of those identified pre-
viously under "All Existing Sources."
Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces (BOPF)
None of the state and local agency regulations reviewed contain a
specific provision related to visible emissions standards for existing BOPF.
However, existing BOPF visible emissions are subject to regulation when
operating within a state or local jurisdiction having a visible emissions
standard previously identified under "All Existing Sources."
Ferroalloy Electric Submerged Arc Furnaces
There are no state or local agency regulations with specific opacity
provisions for existing ferroalloy production facilities. However, this
group of existing facilities is still subject to more general opacity stand-
ards of the type for "All Existing Sources" as previously identified.
SULFUR DIOXIDE
Although not nearly as prevalent as with opacity standards for existing
sources, the practice of using a non-specific source category description for
existing facilities subject to gaseous emission standards is rather common-
place. Of the different gaseous emission standards, the S02 limitation for
existing sources is most often found to apply to the "All Existing Sources"
grouping. In addition to the collective phrases such as "existing equipment",
"existing facilities", etc., other terminologies such as "industrial process
11-15
-------
operations" and "manufacturing equipment" are frequently employed as the
subject source group for a generalized SO emission standard applicable to
a. host of industrial activities.
Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Generators (FFFSG)
As shown in Table II-9, state and local agencies use a total of four
different ways to prescribe SC>2 emission standards for existing FFFSG.
It should be reiterated that many of the agencies do not specifically name
existing FFFSG as the affected facility to which the S02 emission limitation
applies. More often than not, the source grouping subject to the standard is
designated as "fuel burning equipment", "indirect heating equipment", "com-
bustion units", etc., in a manner identical to opacity standards for existing
FFFSG as previously discussed. Once again, the extrapolation of those
standards to a summary such as Table II-9 is valid since in all cases FFFSG
is an element of the larger, more general source group to which the. standard
is directed.
Table II-9 clearly demonstrates that an emission standard based upon
FFFSG heat input and an emission standard restricting the amount of sulfur
in the fuel are the most widely used means of specifying S02 emission limita-
tions for this source category. Of the 65 agencies' regulations reviewed, 36
agencies specify a lb/106Btu standard and 28 agencies define the allowable
fuel sulfur content. Concentration of S02 emissions in ppm is the method
employed by 11 different agencies, while four agencies designate a maximum
allowable mass emission rate of S02 in Ib/hr. The total number of agencies
specifying an S02 emission standard in one of these four ways is greater
than the number of agency regulations reviewed because some agencies use
more than one set of units to define the S02 emission standard. Michigan,
for example, has the S02 emission limitation for existing FFFSG expressed in
terms of lb/106Btu and ppm as well as a specification for the allowable
fuel sulfur content. On the other hand, the states of Arkansas, Maine and
Rhode Island have no S02 emission standard applicable to existing FFFSG.
Sulfuric Acid Plants
Table 11-10 shows the two principal types of S02 emission standards for
sulfuric acid plants - ppm S02 and Ib S02/ton acid produced. The agencies
11-16
-------
TABLE II-9
TYPES OF S02 EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES FOR EXISTING FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM GENERATORS (FFFSG)
Ib S02/106Btu
FUEL SULFUR CONTENT, wt.% S
Ib S02/hour
ppm, as S02
Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut,
Delaware, Florida, Georgia,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan-
sas, Kentucky, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Mis-
souri, Nebraska, New Mexico,
New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wis-
consin, Wyoming
California, Connecticut, Georgia,
Hawaii, Idaho, Maryland, Massa-
chusetts,1 Michigan, Missouri,
Montana, New Hampshire,1 New Jer-
sey, New York, Oregon, Utah, Ver-
mont, West Virginia, District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands
California, Georgia,
Nevada,2 Virginia
Alaska, Colorado,
*
Louisiana, Michi-
gan, New Jersey,
*
Texas, Washington
Allegheny County, Dade
County, Jefferson County,
Philadelphia, South Coast
AQMD
Bay Area APCD, Boston, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Puget Sound, St.
Louis, South Coast AQMD, Wayne
County
Bay Area APCD,
*
Denver, Puget
Sound, St. Louis
Emission standard is hot directly source-related, but is in the form used for "All Existing Sources"
Expressed as Ib S/106Btu Agencies With NO Applicable S02 Emission Standard for FFFSG:
2Expressed as Ib S/hour o Arkansas o Maine o Rhode Island
-------
TABLE 11-10
TYPES OF S02 EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES FOR EXISTING SULFURIC ACID PLANTS
Ib S02/ton of 100% acid
ppm, as S02
MISCELLANEOUS
Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia,
Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York,
North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South
Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia,
Wisconsin, Puerto Rico
* * *
Alaska, California, Colorado,
*
Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana,
* *
Maryland, Mississippi, Mis-
* *l *
souri, Nevada, New Jersey,
* *
Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
*
Virginia, Washington, Wyoming,
*2
District of Columbia
Arizona - 10% of S in feed;
* * *3
Indiana, Missouri, Nevada,
Texas - Ib S02/hr;
New Mexico - Ib S/100 Ib S in
feed.
00
Allegheny County, Wayne County
* * *
Bay Area APCD, Chicago, Denver,
*
Jefferson County, South Coast
AQMD
South Coast AQMD - Ib S02/hr
1
Emission standard is not directly source-related, but is in the form used for "All Existing Sources"
Expressed in ppm, as S
2 Expressed in volume %, as S02
3 Expressed in Ib/hr, as S
-------
identified by an asterisk are those which do not prescribe the SC>2 emission
standard specifically for sulfuric acid plants. Those agencies' standards
are directed toward S02 emissions from a larger grouping of source categories
which includes sulfuric acid plants.
In all, 46 different agencies have S02 emission standards applicable to
sulfuric acid plants. Of those?46 agencies, 19 states and two locals use
Ib SC>2/ton acid for an emission standard specifically for existing sulfuric
acid plants. There are six agencies which use ppm S02 as the type of emis-
sion standard specifically for existing sulfuric acid plants. Virginia is
unique in this summary because it employs both Ib/ton acid and ppm for
sulfuric acid plants. The remaining 20 agencies either have generalized,
non-specific S02 emission standards or have adopted a different, less fre-
quently used, basis for the S02 emission standard.
Non-Ferrous Smelters
The apparently large number of agencies using ppm as the units of S02
emission standards for existing non-ferrous smelters parallels the circum-
stances previously discussed for sulfuric acid plants. Several of the state
and local agencies have generalized, non-specific S02 emission standards in
ppm which include smelters in their scope of applicability. On the other
hand, as indicated in Table 11-11, the majority of SO^ emission standards
written specifically for existing non-ferrous smelters are expressed in
terms of Ib S02/hr. Considering only those regulations specifically address-
ing existing non-ferrous smelters, 12 agencies have adopted a Ib/hr type of '
S02 emission standard, but only two agencies employ the ppm approach. The
complex Idaho emission standard not only uses both Ib/hr and ppm, but also
specifies tons S02/day and tons S02/7-day period. Other western states
(Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah) express their standards in units of pounds
or tons of sulfur or percent of sulfur in the feed.
Table 11-12 is a state-by-state tabulation of the units of S02 emission
standards for the three major source categories previously discussed.
11-19
-------
TABLE 11-11
TYPES OF S02 EMISSION STANDARDS USED BY STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
FOR EXISTING NON-FERROUS (Cu. Pb. Zn) SMELTERS
Ib SO2/hour
ppm, as S02
3E 95 3T
Alaska, California, Colorado,
i *
Idaho (Pb & Zn),1 Illinois,
•A i: *
Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,
* *
Maryland, Massachusetts,
* *2
Missouri, Nevada (Pb & Zn),
* *
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ten-
* *
nessee, Texas, Washington,
A3
District of Columbia
MISCELLANEOUS
i
ho
O
Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho (Pb & Zn),1
5'C *
Indiana, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri,
*i+
Montana, Nevada (Cu), Nevada (Pb & Zn) ,
New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, Virginia,
West Virginia, Puerto Rico.
Arizona (Cu) - tons S/day;
Arizona (Pb & Zn) - 10% of
S in feed
New Mexico - Ib S/100 Ib S
in feed
Utah - tons/mo or % of S in feed,
Allegheny County,* Bay Area APCD,*
Chicago,* Denver,* Jefferson
County,* Wayne County*
j^
Emission standard is not directly source-related, but is in the form used for "All Existing Sources"
1 Emission standard is a combination of Ib/hr and ppm; also covers tons/day and tons/7-day period
2 Expressed in ppm, as S
3 Expressed in volume %, as S02
4 Expressed in Ib/hr, as S
-------
TABLE 11-12
-
STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
IIAWA1 1
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MAJtYLANI)
MASSACHUSETTS
MI CHI CAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
FFFSC
lb/106 Btu
A
ppm
lb/10 Btu
-
Ib/hr and Fuel S
ppm
lb/106 lit u and
Fuel S
lb/106 fltu
lb/106 Btu
Ib/hr*. lb/106
Btu and Fuel S
Fuel S
Fuel S
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
(2 hr. avg.)
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
A
ppm
_.
Fuel S
Fuel S f
(Ib S/10 Btu)
lb/10 Btu. ppm,
and Fuel S
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 lltu
,'iud Fuel S
Fuel S
UNITS OP AGENCY APPROVED SO.,
SUI.FURIC
ACID
PLANTS Cu
Ib/ton acid
A A
ppm ppm
10Z of S In feed tons (as
day
A *
ppm ppm
A A
ppm ppm
Ib/ton acid Ib/hr
ppm -
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid Ib/hr
Ib/ton acid
* A
ppm Ppro
Ib/hr* Ib/hr*
Ib/ton acid ppm
(2 hr. avg.)
Ib/ton acid ppm
* A
ppm pnm
ft"" rt
(3 hr. avg.)
* *
ppm ppm
1 h/tnn acid ppni
Jb/ton acid -
*
ppm Ib/hr
* *
nom or Ib/hr _,
_
EMISSION STANDARDS
Pb
A
ppm
S) 10Z
A
ppm
A
ppo
Ib/hr
"
Ib/hr*
SMELTERS
Zn
A
ppm
A
ppm
A
ppm
Ib/hr
-
Ib/hr*
Ib/hr (1 hr. avg.) & tons/7-day
period OR ppm and tpd
A
ppm
Ib/hr
A
ppm
Ib/hr
(new)
A
ppm
A
ppm
-
A
ppm
A
ppn
-
~
Ib/hr
A
ppm nf
ppm
Ib/hr*
A
ppra
Ib/hr
(new)
A
ppm
ppm
_
A
ppm
A
ppm
_
-
Ib/hr
, *
I 1l /ll 1- •*_
Ib/hr
Ib/hr
Ib/hi
-------
TABLE 11-12 (CONTINUED)
STATE
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKI.AHOMA
ORECON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VLIU1UUT
VIRGINIA
WASH LNCTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
UYOMINC
FFFSC
lb/106 Btu
(2 hr. avg.)
Ib/hr (as S)
Fuel S
(Ib S/10 Btu)
Fuel S (2 S)
and ppm
D
lb/10 Dtu
lb/106 Btu and
Fuel S
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
(new)
Fuel S
c.
lb/10 Btu
_
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
f.
lb/10 Btu
(1 hr. avg.)
lb/106 Btu
'Hid DDID
Fuel S
lb/106 otu
and Fuel S
Ib/hr
A
pplll
lb/106 Btu
and Fuiil S
lb/106 Btu
(new)
lb/106 lltu
UNITS OF AGENCY /
SULFURIC
ACID
PLANTS
.
A A
Ib/hr and ppm
(as S)
Ib/ton acid
A
ppm
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
_
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
(new)
-
A
ppm
_
Ib/ton acid
_
A
ppm
Ib/hr and ppm
~
.
ppm and
Ib/ton acid
A
ppm
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
(new)
ppm
(2 hr. avg.)
APPROVED SO? EMISSION STANDARDS
SMELTERS
Cu Pb Zn
_
A A
Ib/hr Ib/hr and ppm (as S)
(6 hr.avg.)
Ib/hr Ib/hr Ib/hr
A A *
ppm ppm ppm
IK "/TOO Hi ° In fnjarl >
ID o/iuu ID o in teeo. ^
- -
- -
_
Ib/hr Ib/hr Ib/hr
Ib/hr Ib/hr Ib/hr
(new) (new) (new)
- -
A A
ppm ppm ppm
(2 hr. avg.)
_
*
_
A A A
ppm ppm PPnl
•"—"•^—^ (one hour average) f
ppm ppm Ppm
(6 hr avg ) (2 hr avg ) »
•« Tons per month OR % of S fed — •*
_
Ib/hr Ib/hr Ib/hr
A A A
ppm ppm ppm
Ib/hr Ib/hr Ib/hr
- _
-
-------
TABLE 11-12 (CONTINUED)
UNITS OF AGENCY APPROVED SO, EMISSION STANDARDS
AGENCY
DIST. OF COL.
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN ISLANDS
ALLEGHENY CO.
BAY AREA APCD
BOSTON
CHICAGO
DADE CO.
DENVER
JEFFERSON CO. •
PHILADELPHIA
PUGET SOUND
ST. LOUIS
SOUTH COAST
AQMD
WAYNE CO.
FFFSG
Fuel S
Fuel S
Fuel S
lb/10 Btu
ppm and Fuel S
Fuel S
...
Fuel S
lb/106 Btu
' A
ppm
f.
lb/10 Btu
lb/106 Btu
and Fuel S
ppm and Fuel S
ppm and Fuel S
lb/106 Btu and
Fuel S
Fuel S
SULFURIC
APTH
AUJ.1J
PLANTS
Ib/ton acid
-
Ib/ton acid
*
ppm
-
*
ppm
_
*
ppm
*
ppm
-
-
-
lb/hr and ppm
Ib/ton acid
SMELTERS
Cu Pb
*
tT 1 — . .«. n u A n « t- /«-»•••» m 1
lb/hr lb/hr
-
* *
ppm PPm
* *
ppm ppm
-
A A
ppm ppm
-
* *
ppm ppm
A A
ppm ppm
-
• -
-
- -
* *
ppm ppm
Zn
^
lb/hr
-
A
ppm
A
ppm
-
A
ppm
-
A
ppm
A
ppm
-
-
-
-
A
ppm
Emission standard not directly source-related, but in the form used for "All Existing Sources"
-------
NITROGEN OXIDES
The lists of state and local agencies that currently have NO emission
X
standards for existing FFFSG and/or existing nitric acid plants are tabulated
in Table 11-13. As is the case for opacity and SO- emissions from FFFSG,
the toO emission standards applicable to this source group are usually
X
applicable to a wider range of "fuel burning equipment." Of the 16 state
agencies having a NO emission standard for existing FFFSG, all except one
express their standards in units of Ib NO /10 Btu. Conversely, two of the
X
three local agencies with NO emission standards applicable to existing
FFFSG have specified the restriction in terms of ppm of NO .
X
Of the 18 states having a NO emission standard for existing nitric
acid plants, all but two of those states have adopted a standard in units
of Ib NO /ton 100% acid produced. Texas specifically restricts NO emis-
X X
sions from existing nitric acid plants on a ppm basis. Massachusetts'
generalized ppm emission standard for NO from "industrial facilities"
is applicable to existing nitric acid plants. Nevada is unique in specify-
ing the NO emission standard in terms of both sets of units, Ib/ton acid
and ppm.
Table 11-14 is a state-by-state tabulation of the units of NO emission
x
standards for each of the two major source categories previously discussed.
MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
As previously illustrated, many of the agencies' visible emission
standards are accompanied by a general exception provision whereby visible
emissions in excess of the specific limitation are permissible, regardless
of the particular cause, for a given period of time. The occurrences of
unavoidable equipment breakdown and of deliberate control equipment shut-
down for maintenance are two specific cases that many agencies recognize
as reasons for waiving applicability of emission standards. Malfunctions,
also referred to as breakdowns or upsets, can occur within the source
11-24
-------
TABLE 11-13
AGENCIES WITH NOy EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SELECTED
EXISTING SOURCE CATEGORIES
FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED STEAM
GENERATORS (FFFSG)l
California (Ib/hr)
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Minnesota
New Mexico
North Carolina
Ohio
Texas
Vermont
Wyoming
District of Columbia
*
Bay Area APCD (ppm)
Philadelphia
South Coast AQMD (ppm)
NITRIC ACID PLANTS2
Alabama
Arizona
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
*
Massachusetts (ppm)
Minnesota
Nevada (Ib/ton and ppm)
North Carolina
Ohio
Tennessee
Texas (ppm)
Virginia
Wyoming
*
Jefferson County (ppm)
Philadelphia
Emission standard not directly source-related, but in the form used
for "All Existing Sources"
of standard are Ib NOX (as N02)/10 Btu, unless noted otherwise.
2Units of standard are Ib NOX (as N02)/ton of 100% acid, unless noted
otherwise.
11-25
-------
TABLE 11-14
UNITS OF AGENCY-APPROVED NO EMISSION STANDARDS
. x
STATE
FFFSG
NITRIC ACID PLANTS
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA ^-- •'•
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE '
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
Ib/hr
Ib (as NOJ
106 Btu
Ib (as NOJ
106 Btu
Ib (as NOJ
106 Btu
lb/10 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/106 Btu
lb/10 Btu
lb/10 Btu
lb/10 Btu
11-26
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
(2 hr. avg.)
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib
ton acid
*
ppm
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton and
ppm
-------
TABLE 11-14 (CONTINUED)
UNITS OF AGENCY-APPROVED NO^ EMISSION STANDARDS
STATE
FFFSG
NITRIC ACID PLANTS
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
DIST. OF COL.
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN ISLANDS
ALLEGHENY CO.
BAY AREA APCD
BOSTON
CHICAGO
DADE CO.
DENVER
JEFFERSON CO.
PHILADELPHIA
PUGET SOUND
ST. LOUIS
SOUTH COAST AQMD
WAYNE CO.
lb/10° Btu
lb/10 Btu
lb/106 Btu
(new)
lb/10 Btu
(2 hr. avg/)
Ib (as NO )
106 Btu
lb/10 Btu
lb/10 Btu
ppm
lb/10 Btu
(2 hr. avg.)
ppm (15 min. avg.)
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
Ib/ton acid
(new)
Ib/ton acid
or ppm
ppm
Ib (as N02)
ton acid
Ib/ton acid
(2 hr. avg.)
ppm
Ib/ton acid
(2 hr. avg.)
Emission standard is for non-specific source category, e.g.,
"All Existing Sources"
11-27
-------
process operation or the associated air pollution control equipment and
subsequently result in excessive emissions. Similarly, excess emissions
are commonplace when air pollution control equipment is shutdown for
routinely scheduled maintenance while the related source continues to
operate.
Most of the provisions for malfunctions and scheduled maintenance are
contained within the General Provisions section of an agency's regulations,
or else they are contained within the overall text of a separate regulation
or sub-chapter. There are a few agencies, however, that have structured
their regulations in such a manner as to include malfunction/maintenance
clauses as part of a regulation specific to a particular source category
(e.g., New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York and West Virginia). Likewise,
although the preponderance of malfunction/maintenance provisions are non-
specific to any one given pollutant, there are a few agencies (Georgia,
Indiana and Missouri) with malfunction and/or maintenance clauses in a
regulation dealing only-with one particular pollutant.
A survey of the regulations of the fifty states, two territories and
the District of Columbia revealed that all but eight of those 53 agencies
have some type of provision dealing with excess emissions during equipment
malfunctions and/or control equipment maintenance. Of the twelve local
agency regulations reviewed, three (Boston, Bade County and Wayne County)
lacked any provisions addressing"excess emissions during malfunction and
maintenance. A majority of the regulations containing specific provisions
of this nature address not only the occurrences of malfunctions in process
and control equipment but also the expectation of control equipment shut-
down for scheduled maintenance. Nineteen (19) of the 54 agencies with
some type of exception provision addressed malfunctions, upsets or breakdowns
Alaska, California, Delaware, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, Vermont; includes California where the regulations are
administered upon a local or regional basis.
11-28
-------
but have no companion regulation for maintenance of control equipment.
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island have malfunction/maintenance
exceptions applicable to air pollution control equipment but no similar
regulations for process or source operations. Finally, many of the state
and local regulations are worded so generally that a distinction between
applicability to process equipment or control equipment cannot be made.
This situation arises whenever the subjects of the exception provision
are such terms as "installations", "facilities", "source", etc.
Table 11-15 is an alphabetical tabulation, by state and by local
agency, of the salient features of each agency's provisions for malfunctions
and maintenance. Of the 54 agencies having some form of malfunction or
maintenance stipulation, only three (Georgia, Massachusetts and Missouri)
have no requirement for agency notification of such occurrences. In the
case of malfunctions, agency notification requirements range from "within
24 hours" from the beginning of the malfunction (e.g., Alabama and Idaho)
to as long as within 10 days after the malfunction began (Kansas). Certain
states qualify their reporting requirements for malfunctions by excluding
minor breakdowns and brief upsets and require notification only of occur-
rences with more significance such as when a malfunction lasts "longer than
1 hour" (Indiana and Minnesota), or "longer than 4 hours" (Maryland and
Montana), or "longer than 24 hours" (Tennessee). Virginia requires notifica-
tion of a malfunction if the period of excessive emissions lasts longer than
1 hour. Connecticut's provision for shutdown of air pollution control equip-
ment requires agency notification if the equipment is inoperative for more
than 72 hours. The reporting requirement for advance notification of the
intent to shutdown control equipment for scheduled maintenance contains the
most universal element of the malfunction/maintenance provisions. Almost
all agencies requiring such notification stipulate the following five items
of information to be reported.
1. Specific identification of the facility in question^
2. Estimated length of time for equipment to be out of service.
11-29
-------
TABLE 11-15
I
OJ
o
PROVISIONS FOR MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
AGKNCY
ALABAMA
ALASKA
AR 1 ZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OK
COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
CEORCIA
HAWAII
1 DAIIO
ILLINOIS
SOURCE OPERATION AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ADDRESSED TO INCLUDES DETAIL
ACENCY
SOURCE AI'C' MALFUNCTION, SCHEDULED NOTU'l- MUST AL1.OWABLE
OI'KRA- EQUIP- BREAKDOWN, MAINTE- CATION SOURCE PERIOD OF
TION MENT UPSET NANCE REQUIRED SHUT DOWN? EXCESS KMISS.
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NS
Within
24 hours
No No - -
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NS2
Reasonable &
necessary
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NS
Within
24 hours
-1 -1 .1 _1 _1 _1 _1
A A
Yes Yes Yes No Yes No NS
Within 1
day
No Yes Yes Yes If APC No NS
equip, is
Inopera-
tive >72
hours
No No - -
* i i
Yes Yes YesM Yes Yes No^ NS
A A
Yes Yen Yes No Yes No 2 hr/day
A A
Yes Yes Yes No No No NS
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NS
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes For APC NS
Within 1 malnt.
day wherever
possible5
Yes Ye.s Yes No Yes Yes6 In perm;l t
(APC) EQUIPMENT
S OF PROVISION
WRITTEN ADDITIONAL TIME
PLAN EXTENSION OF
REQ'D? MALFUNCTION PERIOD
For NS
sched'd Notify when
malnt. corrected
-
Yes NS
Notify when
corrected
For NA
sched'd
malnC .
_1 _1
Report NA
of
remedy
No NA
-
For NA
schcd ' d
ma Int .
Quarter- NS
ly rep't At discretion
may be of agency
reost 'd
No NA
For NS
sclied'd Notify vfhen
maint. corrected
Yes NA
Report of rem-
edy may be
required
Yes NS
in per-
mit
SPECIFIC
TO POLLU-
TANT?
No
-
No
No
_1
No
No
-
N^
No
Smoke
No3
No
No
COMMENTS
No provisions
Upset must be unavoid-
able & not result of
negligence
Program of procedures
to minimize malfunc-
tions, etc. MUST be
filed.
Definition of upset
states "is not due to
Improper or careless
operation."
May specify conditions
to operation of source
while APC equip, is
i'.iopern tlve.
No provisions
Malfunctions result-
ing from poor opera-
tion or poor maint.
are prohibited.
Max. effort must be
made to do AI'C equip.
maint. when source not
operating.
Written report may he
required.
-------
AGENCY
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MA 1 NE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
PROVISIONS FOK
SOURCE OPERATION
ADDRESSED TO INCLUDES
AGENCY
SOURCE Al'C MALFUNCTION, SCHEDULED NOT1FI-
OI'l'.KA- E(JUI1'- BREAKDOWN, MAINTE- CATION
TION MENT UPSET NANCE REQUIRED
Yea Yes Yea Implied If mal-
function
> 1 hour
Yes Yes Yes No8 Yes
Wltliln 1
day
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Wltliln
10 days
Yes 9 Yea Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes No Yes
A * ,
Yes Yos Yes No Yes
Within
68 hours
A *
Yes YOH Yes No If mal-
function
> It hr
No Yes Yea Yes No
Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes If mal-
TABLE 11-15 (Continued)
MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) EQUIPMENT
DETAILS OF PROVISION
MUST ALLOWADLE WRITTEN ADDITIONAL TIME
SOURCE PERIOD OF PLAN EXTENSION OF
SHUT DOWN? EXCESS EM[SS. REQ'D? MALFUNCTION PERIOD
Yes7 NS Mai- NS
func.
cml ss .
reiluc.
prog 'in
No NS Report NA
of
remedy
No NS For NA
sched'd
malnt .
No NS If re- NA
quested
No NS Report NA
of
remedy
No NS Report NA
No Max. 10 days Yes Not > 10 days
(with plan)
No NS No NA
No NS Yes NS
No NS Details NS
SPECIFIC
TO POLLU-
TANT?
Visible
Emission
No
No
See foot-
notes *^
No10
No
No
Yes
From fos-
sil fuel
utiliza-
tion fac.
No
No
COMMENTS
Malfunction plan re-
quired If emissions
>2000 Ib/hr.
Addresses only emer-
gency maintenance.
Frequency of break-
downs must not he
excessive.
Director must decide
whether excess emlss.
due to ma 1 func. are
deemed violation.
Notification Is not
an automatic exemption
-
-
Provides for "reason-
able" malnt. period:!
or unexpected & un-
avoidable failure of
equipment .
-
Facility with "un-
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
(Startup/ function
shutdown) > 1 hr
of cause Notify when cor-
& dura- rected.
tlon
Yes Ye.s
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
NS
NS
No
No
NA
NA
No
Purtlcu-
late
reasonable breakdown
frequency" not permit-
ted to operate.
Ex. Dlr. may specify
time, amt., & duration
for ached, maintenance.
-------
PROVISIONS
FOR MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
SOURCE OPERATION AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) EQUIPMENT
ADDRESSED TO INCLUDES
AGENCY
AGENCY SOURCE APC MALFUNCTION, SCHEDULED NOTIFl-
OPERA- EQUIP- BREAKDOWN. MAINTE- CATION
TrON HENT UPSET NANCE REQUIRED
MONTANA Yes Yes Yes No Yes
If mal-
function
> 4 hrs
NEBRASKA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
* *
NEVADA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Within
24 hrs.
NFW
K HAMPSH.RE - '" *« * W1-fl
U) hrs.
IsJ
NEW JERSEY No No - - -
NEW MEXICO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Within
24 hrs.
NEW YORK Yes13 No Yes13 No Yea
NORTH CAROLINA No No - - -
*
NORTH DAKOTA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
OHIO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
OKLAHOMA Yi-s Yes Yes Yes Yes
OREGON Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
DETAILS OF PROVISION
MUST ALLOWABLE WRITTEN ADDITIONAL TIME
SOURCE PERIOD OF PLAN EXTENSION OF
SHUT DOWN? EXCESS EMISS. REQ'D? MALFUNCTION PERIOD
No Max. of 10 Yes Yes
days At discretion of
agency .
No NS For NA
8 died .
maint.
No NS For NA
soiled .
malnt .
No Max. 48 No Yes
hrs.12 >48 hours, by
request
•
-
No NS For NA
sclied.
malnt .
No NS No NA
_
No Max. of Yes Yes
10 days Major equipment
failure
No • NS For NS
, sclied. Notify when cor-
•• • malnt. rected.
No NS For NS
sclied. Notify when cor-
malnt. rected.
Yes1'"1.5 Max. 48 hrn For Yes
sclied. At discretion of
> ____.__^___
^PFPTFTP * ' '
orr.u i r u. COMMENTS
TO POLLU- umni.nib
TANT?
No Report of remedy may
be required.
No Frequency of break-
downs must not be ex-
cessive.
No Upset must be unavoid-
able and not result of
careless or marginal
operat ion .
No Malfunction provisions
Included within spe-
cific source standards
sections.
No provisions
No Frequency of break-
downs must not indi-
cate careless or mar-
ginal operation.
Yes13 See footnote13
No provisions
No Notify when corrected.
No Board will take "appro-
priate action" If
determines that shut-
down was avoidable, in
duced, or prolonged.
No
No Notify when corrected.
Report of remedy may
malnt.1** director.
PENNSYLVANIA No No
be requested.
No provisions
-------
TAHLE 11-15
(Continued)
(
ADUKKSSKt) TO
Af'i-'NrY
A(r'-NCY SOURCE APC
OPERA- EQUIP-
TION MENT
PUERTO RICO Yes Yea
RHODE ISLAND No Yes
SOUTH CAROLINA No No
SOUTH DAKOTA Yes Yes
TENNESSEE Yes Yes
* *
TEXAS Yes Yes
UTAH Yes Yes
VERMONT No No
VIRGINIA Yes Yes
VIRGIN
ISLANDS Yes Ycs
WASHINGTON Yes Yes
WEST VIRGINIA Yes Yes
PROVISIONS FOR
SOURCE OPERATION
INCLUDES
AGENCY
MALFUNCTION, SCHEDULED NOTIF1-
BREAKDOWN, MA1NTE- CATION
UPSET NANCE REQUIRED
Yes Yes Yes
Yes No Yes
-
Yes Yes Yes
Yea Yes If Mal-
function
> 24 hrs.
Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes .
_
Yes Yes lf period
of excess
cmlss. >1 1
Yes Yes Yes
Yes No Yes
Yes No Yes
MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) EQUIPMENT
DETAILS OF PROVISION
MUST ALLOWABLE WRITTEN ADDITIONAL TIME
SOURCE PERIOD OF PLAN EXTENSION OF
SHUT DOWN? EXCESS EMISS. REQ'D? MALFUNCTION PERIOD
No NS For NS
sched. Notify when cor-
malnc. rected.
No Max. 24 Peel- > 24 hours, NS
hours tlon for
variance
.
No NS No NS
Notify when cor-
rected.
No NS For NS
sched. Notify when cor-
malnt. rected.
No NS For NA
sched .
ma Int.
No NS For cor- NA
rect Ion
of mal-
function
_'
No No19 For cor- If malfunction
rection >30 days, must re-
ir of mal- port semi-monthly
function until corrected. 18
No NS Yes NA
No NS Report of NA
remedy
may he re-
quested.
No 2 days21 Yes Max. 10 days
total21
SPECIFIC
TO POL1.U- COMMENTS
TANT?
No
No
No provisions
No
No Due allowance, sub.).
to Administrative
Hearing, to be made
for excess visibles.
No
No See footnote ''
No provisions
No Have special regula-
tion requiring immedi-
ate shutdown of sour-
ces subject to hazard-
ous pollutant emission
standards.
No Upsets must not be so
frequent as to Indi-
cate careless, margi-
nal or unsafe operat'n
No20
No spe-
cific to
source
categories.
-------
TABLE II-15 (Continued)
AGENCY
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
ALLEGHENY
BAY AREA
BOSTON
CHICAGO
DADE CO.
DENVER
JEFFERSON CO.
PHILADELPHIA
PUGET SOUND
ST. 1,011 IS
SOUTH COAST
AQMD
I'ROVt SIGNS FOR
SOURCE OPERATION
ADDRESSED TO INCLUDES
AGENCY
SOURCE AI'C MALFUNCTION, SCHEDULED NOTIFI-
OI'ERA- EQUIP- BREAKDOWN, MA1NTE- CATION
TION MENT UPSET NANCE REQUIRED
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Y.:.-, Yes Yes No Yes
Within 24
hours
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No -
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No - -
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Y<-s Yes Yes Implied Yes
Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes* Yes2'1 No Yes
MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) EQUIPMENT
DETAILS OF PROVISION
MUST ALLOWABLE WRITTEN ADDITIONAL TIME
SOURCE PERIOD OF PLAN EXTENSION OF
SHUT DOWN? EXCESS EMISS. REQ'D? MALFUNCTION PERIOD
No MS For NA
sclied .
' nmlnt.
No NS Yes NA
No NS Repo(rt NS
of Notify when cor-
remedy22 rer.ted.
No Max. 48 Report No
hours. of
remedy
_
No NS No NS
Notify when cor-
' rected.
_
No 10 days No No
No 10 days Yes Variance req'd
(must still notify
when corrected.)
No NS No NA
No NS Yes NA
1 f re-
quested
No NS Yes NA
If re-
quested
Yes25 Max. 24 Report Must petition tor
hours. of emergency variance.
SPECIFIC
TO POLLU- COMMENTS
TANTV
No
No
No Report of breakdown
does not prevent pro-
secution for a viola-
tion.
No Frequency of raalfunc.
& ma int. must not be
more than is reasonable
No provision.
No provision:
No Upset must have been
unanticipated and
unpreventable.
No Agency must determine
breakdown was unavoid-
able & all reas. steps
were made to minimize
time & emissions.23
No
No
No Maximum effort to con-
duct nuilnt. during non-
operatn per'ds of srce.
No Excess erniss. are not
exempt from Rule 402
remedy
WAYNE CO.
No No
(nuisance).
No provisions.
-------
TABLE 11-13 (Continued)
PROVISIONS FOR MALFUNCTIONS AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
SOURCE OPERATION AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) EQUIPMENT
FOOTNOTES
NS- - Not Specified NA - Not Applicable
* '
Coneral provision which implies both types ol equipment.
'Administered by "local" agencies.
2Whcro start-up or shutdown is normal operating condition, a continuing specified period of time may be granted.
^Separate provision allowing excess visible emissions whenever breakdown occurs.
"•Only mention of malfunctions is a provision that gives Commissioner authority to order source to shutdown until APC maintenance is completed or malfunc-
tioning equjpjnenj^ is repaired.
5Durlng maintenance shutdown of APC equipment, must provide auxiliary control equipment to keep pollutant below harmful level or must reduce production.
6lln]ess source permit provides for excess emissions during malfunctions.
7lf source out of compliance more than 102 of operating time for last 12 months, and If source has no approved malfunction emission reduction plan.
".Specific provision for cleaning APC equipment, not required to be shutdown - excess partlculate emissions allowed 6 mln/hr.
^Specific clause seating that opacity regulations are not applicable during startup, shutdown, or malfunction; specific clause that standards not applicable
during emergency caused by unavoidable breakdown (indirect heat exchangers.)
'"Specific provision for notification If flare-controlled upset exceeds 6 hours.
" Exceptions to standard allowed during cleaning of AfC equipment.
12 Twenty-four hours for incinerators; immediate notification required; must be unforeseeable breakdown; further extension of time If source accepts consent
^ order with repair schedule and compliance schedule.
Ijj Specific provisions for specific process upsets.
o Visible emis.'ilons from Portland cement, o Smoke emissions from stationary combustion, o Sulfur compounds flared from petroleum refineries.
'"' If malfunction Is not corrected within 48 hours.
'•' If m.-il fnnct lou occur;; during Alert, Warning, or Emergency stage of episode, or if Director deems the excess emissions present imminent ami substantial
C'tulan^erinciil to health, source must shutdown immediately,
' *M f APC equipment shutdown for ma lute-nance Is more frequent than once/90 days, or if that shutdown >48 hours, a written plan may he required.
Special provision for nonferrous smelters and excess emissions of SOX.
Usual, requirement.'; of: (1) Agency notification of malfunction or shutdown for maintenance.
(2) Written report of details for correcting malfunction.
Additionally: (1) Any gases bypassing a desulfurization unit during periodic maintenance must still be processed by gas cleaning equipment
normally proceeding the desulfurization unit.
(2) The monthly emission limitation of either 3750 tons sulfur/month or 14Z of sulfur feed (whichever Is less) may be exceeded
during malfunctions or maintenance shutdowns. However, the running annual average emission (average of 12 consecutive months)
may never exceed the monthly emission limitation regardless of the frequency of malfunctions or of planned and unplanned
maintenance.
lnSee details of regulation lor semi-monthly reporting requirements; must notify when corrected. If malfunction >6 months, must apply for variance.
"Excess emissions due to malfunction are not considered a violation if source has been in compliance for 90% of the operating time during most recent 12
months.
20ProvlslonH only applicable to regulations for Kraft pulping mills, sulfite pulping mills, and primary aluminum plants.
2'Excess emissions allowed froit. 2-10 days for hot mix asphalt plants and S02 from fuel burning and "manufacturing process source operations"; no specific
periods of time for either coal preparation/handling or for incinerators.
22l*allure to suhml.t notices or reports as retjulred are violations.
Kor repetitious malfunctions, written program ro permanently correct is required. Agency will determine If corrective actions are required when 12 or
more of same type of failure occur wiLhln one year.
Must prove cause was not operator error, neglect, or Improper operation/maintenance procedures.
2l'Must shutdown at end of cycle or within 24 hours, whichever is sooner.
-------
3. Nature and quantity of estimated emissions during the maintenance
period.
4. All steps (off-shift labor, reduced production, alternate control
device, etc.) taken to minimize the emissions and period of time.
5. Reasons why the process operations should not be shutdown con-
currently with the control equipment.
None of the agencies reviewed are so strict towards malfunctions and
maintenance that they require immediate shutdown of the source until the
malfunction is corrected or the maintenance is completed. However, the
various regulations have a wide variation in the tolerance for source
operations during these periods. Illinois will allow a source to continue
operation with a malfunction when that condition is so stipulated in the
source's operating permit. Similarly, if a source has an approved mal-
function emission reduction plan, Indiana allows that operation to continue
during a malfunction if that source has been in compliance for'90% or more
of the operating time during the most recent twelve-month period. Oregon
dictates that an operation must be shutdown if the associated malfunction
is not corrected within 48 hours. Idaho simply states that sources must
shutdown whenever possible for periods of control equipment maintenance.
Connecticut reserves the option of specifying source operating conditions
during periods of control equipment imperativeness. Of the local agency
regulations reviewed, the Bay Area APCD .allows ,a .maximum of 48 hours for a..
malfunction to be corrected. South Coast AQMD specifies that malfunctions
must be followed by shutdown of the operation at the end of a cycle or
within 24 hours, whichever is sooner.
As shown in Table 11-15 some agencies specify the maximum allowable
period of excess emissions due to malfunctions. This time period for
malfunction-related excess emissions ranges from 24 hours to 30 days.
Florida has a unique malfunction provision which permits related excess
Provision is specific to visible emissions.
11-36
-------
emissions for 2 hours/day. Virginia has a malfunction provision covering
the first 30 days of such an occurrence after which additional reporting
requirements are invoked for further extensions of malfunction periods.
Similarly, other agencies, as indicated in Table 11-15, have provisions
requiring sources to petition for a variance if malfunctions extend beyond
the specified permissible time period. Some regulations simply state that
source operation may be continued at the discretion of the agency in question.
On the other hand, some agencies (e.g., Maryland) have no regulatory
mechanism for extending periods of source operation during equipment mal-
function past the allotted time frame for correction.
Utah has a unique provision to deal with excess emissions of sulfur
oxides from non-ferrous smelters during periods of malfunction or scheduled
maintenance. In addition to the routine requirements for agency notification
and reporting of corrective actions, Utah requires all other smelter control
equipment to be in use when a desulfurization unit is by-passed for periodic
maintenance. Furthermore, during malfunctions or maintenance periods the
smelter's monthly SO emission limitation may .be exceeded, but the running
X
annual average SO emission may never exceed the monthly emission standard
A
regardless of the frequency of malfunctions or maintenance.
For clarification and additional information beyond the comments and
footnotes of Table 11-15, the full text of each agency's malfunction and
maintenance provision has been included in Appendix D of Volume III.
11-37
-------
SECTION III
STATE-ADOPTED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
FOR EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES
In order to provide some guidance to the individual states for imple-
menting continuous monitoring regulations for existing sources, Appendix P
of 40 CFR 51 details specific minimum requirements for continuous monitor-
ing that each SIP must incorporate. Four stationary source categories have
been identified as ones with existing facilities, with appropriate excep-
tions, which must conduct continuous emission monitoring. Those four
source categories are the following:
1. Fossil fuel-fired steam generators (FFFSG)
2. Fluid bed catalytic cracking unit (FBCCU) catalyst regenerators
3. Sulfuric acid plants
4. Nitric acid plants
Appendix P of Part 51 has particular criteria for establishing which
facilities within each source category must implement continuous monitoring.
Specific details of installation, operation and maintenance, data reduction,
and emission reporting are delineated within Appendix P. The continuous
monitoring systems' performance specifications of Appendix B of 40 CFR 60
are incorporated by reference in Appendix B as well. A comprehensive
review and analysis of the Appendix P requirements are not within the scope
of work of this project. The particular personnel within EPA to whom this
report is directed currently possess a sound knowledge of and familiarity
with the Appendix P contents. The complete texts of both Appendix P of
Part 51 and Appendix B of Part 60 have been included in Volume III of this
document in order to facilitate reference to those basic regulations.
A review of the continuous monitoring provisions of the individual
states resulted in the following scheme of classifying the extent to which
a state has adopted the minimum monitoring requirements set forth in Part 51.
1. CLASS I - Those states that have incorporated detailed continuous
monitoring regulations which are usually structured, both in form and
III-l
-------
content, much like the Appendix P and Appendix B details.
o CLASS LA - Those states that would be considered CLASS I
states with the exception that monitoring provisions for one
or more of the four source categories identified by Part 51
have not been promulgated.
2. CLASS II - Those states that have specific continuous monitoring
details in their regulations, but fall short of incorporating
the myriad specifications of Appendix P and/or Appendix B.
3. CLASS III - Those states that have only the most general of
continuous monitoring regulations, usually consisting of nothing
more than identification of the source required to monitor and
of the specific pollutant to be measured.
4. CLASS IV - Those states that have no continuous monitoring
provisions required of existing sources except for, in some
instances, the nebulous "catch-all" section of enabling legis-
lation that allows that certain sources may be required to conduct
continuous monitoring as directed.
The remainder of this section is a state-by-state synopsis of the extent
to which each agency has complied with the minimum emission monitoring
requirements as directed by Part 51. In order to avoid excessive repetition
throughout this analysis, the specific areas that are highlighted are those
in which an agency's regulations differ from the Appendix P regulations.
Furthermore, it is beyond the scope of this survey to determine the particu-
lar reasons why a given state regulation deviates from the Part 51 require-
ments. Therefore, if a state is identified as a CLASS I or IA state, but
only a few items of continuous monitoring are addressed, the reader must
recognize that the areas not discussed are essentially identical to the
Part 51 Federal regulations.
III-2
-------
ALABAMA (CLASS IA)
o Follows Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix B.
o No CM regulations for existing nitric acid plants or for existing
FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
o All affected facilities required to submit detailed plan for comply-
ing with CM provisions.
o Director has authority to specify data averaging times and sampling
intervals different from those of Appendix B performance specifi-
cations.
o Any monitoring system malfunction lasting more than 48 hours must
be reported in writing. •
ALASKA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources as
identified in Appendix P, Part 51.
o General regulation for continuous emission recording devices as
specified by the Department for sulfite pulp mills and kraft pulp
mills.
ARIZONA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources as
• identified in Part 51.
o General CM requirements for monitoring SC>2 emissions from the sul-
fur removal equipment serving copper smelters:
(1) Continuously monitor and record SC>2 emissions with j-20% accuracy
and confidence level of 95%.
(2) Operate and calibrate monitoring equipment in accordance with
manufacturer's specifications; calibration must be done at
least once per day.
III-3
-------
ARKANSAS (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
CALIFORNIA (CLASS II)
o Has most of the source categories/pollutants required to be
continuously monitored in Appendix P.
(1) steam generators - opacity, NO , CO- or 0~
(>250 x 106 Btu/hour)'
(2) nitric acid plants - NO'
x
(3) sulfuric acid plants - SO-
o Does not have the details for FFFSG regarding exceptions on the basis
of size, type of fuel, capacity factor, and use of particulate control
equipment as does Part 51.
o Does not have the details for exemptions based upon : (1) purchase date
of monitor (grandfather clause) and (2) scheduled date for source
retirement.
o Does not have performance specification details of Appendix B, Part 60.
o Performance criterion established for monitoring equipment is + 20%
with confidence levels of 95%.
o Does not have Part 51 requirements pertinent to: (1) minimum data
requirements and excess emission reports and (2) data reduction pro-
cedures.
o Does require data retention for 2 years.
o Does prescribe additional CM for: (1) sulfur recovery plants - SO-
and (2) refinery boilers, new cokers, and existing boilers >10,000
bbl/day - CO.
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of opacity from existing
FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
COLORADO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
III-4
-------
CONNECTICUT (CLASS III)
o Only general opacity monitoring requirements for:
(1) Coal-burning equipment
(2) Liquid or solid fuel-burning equipment >5 x 10 Btu/hour
(3) Incinerators >2,000 Ib (input)/hour
(4) Process source with particulate emissions >5 Ib/hour
(5) Fuel-burning equipment using No. 6 residual oil
o Exceptions to opacity monitoring requirements:
(1) Emergency standby fuel burning equipment operating _<_ 168
hours/year
(2) Gas turbines with smoke control apparatus capable of keeping
visibles _< 20% opacity
o Commissioner publishes performance standards "from time-to-time"
for determining acceptable opacity monitors.
o Must retain monitoring data for 3 years.
o Except for necessary maintenance, the monitor cannot be shut down
while source is operating; CM shutdown >72 hours requires agency
notification.
o Grandfather clause exempts any opacity monitors installed before
9/1/74 until 1/1/85.
o Coal-burning equipment <250 x 10 Btu/hour do not have to submit
quarterly report.
DELAWARE (CLASS IA)
o Follows Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix B.
o No CM regulations for existing nitric acid plants.
o Opacity monitoring required of waste heat boilers if more than
250 x 10 Btu/hour heat input is provided by auxiliary fuel.
o Performance certification testing must be repeated after repairs
or adjustments to a monitoring system (option of Paragraph 4.4,
Appendix P).
III-5
-------
o F and F factors for fuel burning equipment are subject to approval
of the Secretary, and are not merely those of 40 CFR 60.45(f) as
referenced by Appendix P.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (CLASS IV)
o Nothing more than enabling legislation pertinent to sources emitting
>100 tons/year "of any air pollutant"; details are administered by
the Commissioner.
FLORIDA (CLASS III)
o General provision for S0« emission monitoring by existing FFFSG in
a manner, frequency, and location subject to approval by the Depart-
ment.
GEORGIA (CLASS III)
o Sulfuric acid plants must be "equipped with a continuous S0«
monitor and recorder . . .".
o Nitric acid plants must be "equipped with a continuous NO monitor
X
and recorder . . .".
HAWAII (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
IDAHO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources as
identified in Appendix P, Part 51.
o Specific CM requirements for TRS from kraft pulp mills:
(1) capable of determining compliance with TRS emission standards
(2) cycling time not to exceed 30 minutes
(3) minimum affected facilities
recovery furnace stacks
lime kiln stacks
(4) source must submit detailed compliance program
III-6
-------
(5) data to be reported monthly includes:
- daily average emission of TRS gases for each source monitored
(ppm, dry basis)
- number of hours per day that recovery stack TRS emissions
exceed standard
V ~ daily maximum TRS concentration in recovery furnace stack
- monthly average emissions of TRS from each source in kraft
cycle that is monitored (Ib S/equiv. air-dried ton of pulp
processed)
- average daily kraft pulp production
o Specific CM requirements for SO from combined zinc/lead smelters
emitting >50 tons SO /year.
(1) Maintained, calibrated and operated in accordance with manufactur-
er's specifications
(2) Calibration and/or maintenance records must be kept; instrument
readings before and after any calibration and/or maintenance must
be clearly shown.
(3) Data must be retained for at least 2 years.
(4) Calculate one-hour average SO emission rates each day/ submit
calculation to the Director monthly.
(5) CM system shall be used for determining compliance with S02
emission standard.
(6) Specifies procedure for calculating SO- emission rate.
ILLINOIS (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
INDIANA (CLASS I)
o Incorporates all provisions of Appendix P, Part 51.
o Requires specific notification of Board for monitoring system
malfunction exceeding one hour.
o Specifies 6-minute averaging period for opacity and 3-hour periods
for gases.
III-7
-------
IOWA (CLASS II)
o Follows details of Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix A,
only for the following:
(1) opacity from coal-fired or coal-gas-fired steam generating units
(2) SO from sulfuric acid plants
o No CM regulations for existing nitric acid plants or for existing
FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
o 9uarterly excess emission reports must be filed on forms provided
by the Executive Director.
o Written notice of a continuous monitor performance test must be given
at least 15 days before the evaluation; written report of test results
must be submitted.
o Does not address the following topics covered by Paragraph 3.0
of Appendix P, Part 51:
(1) Calibration gases for required S02 monitoring systems.
(2) Cycling times of required opacity and SO- monitoring systems.
(3) Monitor locations for representative measurements.
(4) Minimum requirements for zero and span checks and adjustments.
(5) Instrument span setting.
o Minimum data requirements, methods of data reduction, and methods
of data averaging are not specified.
o Affected steam generators scheduled for retirement within 5 years
are exempted from the continuous monitoring requirement; there is
no comparable exemption for sulfuric acid plants scheduled for
retirement within 5 years.
o Existing steam generator with projected annual average capacity
factor <30% is exempt from CM.
KANSAS (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
III-8
-------
KENTUCKY (CLASS II)
o Follows most of the Part 51 areas of applicability, but not nearly
as detailed as Appendix B.
o No CM regulations for FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
o No performance specifications of Appendix P.
o Terminology used is "indirect heat exchangers" in lieu of FFFSG.
o Has provision for fuel sulfur monitoring in place of SO- emission
monitoring.
o Generalized performance criteria for any monitoring system.
(1) + 20% with 95% confidence level (sic).
(2) Calibrated as prescribed by manufacturer.
(3) "Zero adjustment and calibration procedures" as prescribed by
the manufacturer at least once daily, or more frequently if
specified by manufacturer.
o Data reduction and retention.
(1) Indirect heat exchangers and sulfuric acid plants must reduce
"appropriate" measurements to units of the applicable standard
daily and must summarize monthly; data and summaries must be
retained for 2 years.
(2) Nitric acid plants have no provisions for data reduction or
retention.
o No provisions for reporting of excess emissions.
o No requirement for CCL or CL monitoring at indirect heat exchanger
monitoring SO .
o No provisions for conversion of S0? emission measurements to units
g ^
of applicable standard (lb/10 Btu).
o In lieu of continuous monitoring affected indirect heat exchangers
may apply to conduct periodic source sampling (minimum of once per
calendar quarter).
LOUISIANA (CLASS I)
o Incorporates by reference all minimum emission monitoring require-
ments of Appendix P, Part 51.
III-9
-------
MAINE (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
MARYLAND (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
MASSACHUSETTS (CLASS III)
o General opacity monitoring requirement for selected fossil fuel
utilization facilities.
(1) burning oil or solid fuel .
(2) > 10 x 106 Btu/hour
o "Smoke density sensing instrument and recorder" subject to approval
by Department. ' - - ...
o. Data must be retained for one (1) year.
o Must equip opacity monitor with audible alarm signal set at //I
Ringelmann.
MICHIGAN (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
MINNESOTA (CLASS IA)
o Follows Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix-'B.
o No CM regulations for existing FFFSG. ."
o Goes beyond the basic requirements for existing sources set forth in
Part 51 by providing for several specific details of continuous
monitoring found in Part 60 for NSPS.
MISSISSIPPI (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
MISSOURI (CLASS IA - ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AND OUTSTATE MISSOURI AREAS ONLY)
o Follows details of Appendix P, Part 51,-and Appendix B, Part 60,
only for opacity from:
(1) coal-fired steam generating units
(2) FBCCU catalyst regenerators
Hl-10
-------
o Requires opacity monitoring of portland cement calcining kiln opera-
tions in accordance with same procedures above.
o No CM regulations for SO- (and CO or 0 ) from coal-fired steam
generating units.
o No CM regulations for sulfuric acid plants or for nitric acid plants.
o Specifies 6-minute averaging period for opacity (as done in Part 60).
o Quarterly excess emission reports are due within 30 days from the
end of a calendar quarter.
o Coal-fired steam generating units and portland cement calcining kilns
scheduled for retirement within 5 years are exempted from continuous
monitoring requirement; there is no comparable exemption for FBCCU
catalyst regenerators scheduled for retirement within 5 years.
o In addition to the normal exceptions to CM requirements in Part 51
for steam generators (i.e., minimum size, capacity factor, etc.),
coal-fired boilers using flue gas desulfurization are exempted from
the opacity monitoring requirement.
o Portland cement kilns having baghouses that discharge from multiple
stacks or vents are exempt from the opacity monitoring requirement.
o Affected facilities must submit a compliance program for implement-
ing CM.
o Affected facilities are only given 12 months to comply.
MONTANA (CLASS IV) "
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources as
identified in Part 51.
o Specific CM requirements for TRS from kraft pulp mills.
(1) Capable of determining compliance with TRS emission standards.
(2) Cycling time not to exceed 30 minutes.
(3) Minimum affected facilities:
recovery furnace stacks
lime kiln stacks
III-ll
-------
(4) Source must submit detailed compliance program.
(5) Data to be reported monthly includes:
- daily average emission of TRS gases for each source monitored
(Ib. S/103 Ib. of black liquor fired)
- number of hours per day that recovery furnace emissions
> 17.5 ppm (dry)
- daily maximum TRS concentration in recovery furnace stack
- monthly average of emissions of TRS gases
(a) Ib. S/1000 Ib. black liquor fired - kraft recovery furnace.
(b) Ib. S/hour - other sources
- average daily kraft pulp production
- average daily black liquor burning rate
NEBRASKA (CLASS IA)
o Follows the content of Part 51, Appendix P, for FFFSG.
o No CM provisions for sulfuric acid plants, nitric acid plants, or
FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
NEVADA (CLASS I)
o Incorporates by reference all of the minimum emission monitoring
requirements of Appendix P, Part 51, as well as adopting the perform-
ance specifications of Appendix B, Part 60.
NEW HAMPSHIRE (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
NEW JERSEY (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
NEW MEXICO (CLASS II)
o Only provides for S0« monitoring from existing coal-burning equipment.
o No references to either Part 51, Appendix P, or Part 60, Appendix B.
o Calibrate according to manufacturer's instructions at least once
daily, or more frequently if recommended by manufacturer.
Reference method must be consistent with specified manual sampling
method for SO .
111-12
-------
o Quarterly reports, due within 35 days after end of calendar quarter,
must contain:
(1) hourly averages of SCL concentrations in ppm
(2) hourly averages of % excess CL
(3) rate of heat input (determined at least once per day)
(4) % sulfur and higher heating value of coal being utilized
(determined at least once per day)
NEW YORK (CLASS II)
o Stationary combustion installations > 250 x 10 Btu/hour (except
gas-fired units) must monitor opacity.
(1) No performance specifications; instrument must be approved by
Commission and installed/operated per manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
(2) Must also monitor NO if permit filed after 8/11/72; no mention
A,
•
of concurrent C0« or 0? monitoring.
(3) Must determine average rate of each fuel burned daily.
(4) Must determine gross heating value and ash content (ASTM or
equivalent) at least once per week.
(5) Data and records must be retained for 3 years.
(6) No provisions for data reduction.
(7) No provisions for excess emissions reporting.
o Portland cement kilns and clinker coolers must monitor opacity after
1980.
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sulfuric or
nitric acid plants or of existing FBCCU catalyst regenerators.
NORTH CAROLINA (CLASS I)
o Adopts all sections of Appendix P, Part 51, and Appendix B, Part 60.
o Specifies six-minute averaging period for opacity monitoring data
instead of the one-minute guideline of Appendix P.
o Opacity monitoring required of steam generators burning wood or wood
with fossil fuels if heat inpul
average capacity factor > 30%.
with fossil fuels if heat input > 250 x 10 Btu/hour and if annual
111-13
-------
(1) These opacity regulations are not as detailed as Appendix P.
(2) These opacity regulations do not reference Appendix B, Perform-
ance Specification 1, but instead require:
- "manufacturer's recommended zero adjustment and calibration
procedures"
- excess emissions must be summarized and reported quarterly
data must be retained for one (1) year
o Coal-burning or residual oil-burning installations exceeding the
Part 51 minimum size and capacity specifications, but exempt from
S0? monitoring by some qualifying exception of Part 51, must
nevertheless monitor SCL or fuel sulfur. For those sources electing
to monitor SO- emissions, quarterly reports of the following are
required:
(1) emission rate, in units of standard
(2) maximum instantaneous rate
(3) total S0? emissions which are excess emissions
There is no provision requiring those sources to concurrently monitor
CO,, or 09. Monitoring data must be retained for one (1) year.
o Facilities within the previous two source categories are exempt from
CM if source operates <30 days/year.
o All affected facilities must submit a compliance plan for implementing
a CM program.
o Permit conditions for any source must include any applicable monitoring
provisions.
o Five-year grandfather clause for monitors purchased before 9/1/74
applies only if that monitor had been approved previously under
Regulation #8 in effect prior to this regulation.
NORTH DAKOTA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
OHIO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
111-14
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OKLAHOMA (CLASS IA)
o Follows Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix B.
o No CM regulations for existing nitric acid plants (however, there are
specific data reduction procedures to be employed at nitric acid
plants not covered by NSPS).
o Sulfuric acid plants being utilized as a means of preventing emissions
of S0_ or other sulfur compounds are exempt from continuous monitoring
of S02.
OREGON (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources as
identified in Appendix P, Part 51.
o General requirement for continual monitoring of opacity from recovery
furnace.
o Specific provisions for TRS monitoring and subsequent data reporting
for:
(1) kraft pulp mills
(2) sulfite pulp mills
PENNSYLVANIA (CLASS IV)
o Little more than enabling legislation for continuous monitoring in
v/hich the "device" used for continuous measurement of air contaminants
must be approved by the Department.
PUERTO RICO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
RHODE ISLAND (CLASS III)
o General regulation only for opacity monitoring by:
(1) steam or hot water generators burning No. 6 residual oil or
solid fuel
(2) steam or hot water generators burning all other liquid fuels
> 5 x 10 Btu/hour input
o Requires alarm "calibrated to sound" at 20% opacity.
HI-15
-------
SOUTH CAROLINA (CLASS IA)
o Adopts all of the Appendix P, Part 51, and Appendix B, Part 60,
requirements for opacity monitoring of FFFSG; even specifies instru-
ment span of approximately 80% opacity.
o No gaseous emission monitoring requirements for FFFSG.
o No monitoring requirements for sulfuric or nitric acid plants,
FBCCU catalyst regenerators, or any other source categories.
SOUTH DAKOTA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
TENNESSEE (CLASS IA)
o Follows details of Appendix P, Part 51 for:
(1) FFFSG
(2) sulfuric acid plants
(3) FBCCU catalyst regenerators
o No CM provisions for NO from existing nitric acid plants.
X
o Each emission point of >100,OUO acfm must install opacity monitor
in accordance with Federal Register; required data retention for
minimum of 1 year.
TEXAS (CLASS III)
o General opacity monitoring requirement for any stationary flue with
more than 100,000 acfm and greater than 15% opacity averaged over
a 5-minute period. Records must be retained.
o General SO^ monitoring requirement for primary nonferrous smelters
(Cu, Pb, Zn) and any sulfuric acid plant used for SO™ control on
such smelters. Specifies a cycling time of at least one measurement
every 15-minute period.
UTAH (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
111-16
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VERMONT (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
VIRGINIA (CLASS IA)
o Follows Part 51, Appendix P, and Part 60, Appendix B.
o Goes beyond the basic requirements for existing sources set forth
in Part 51 by providing for several specific details of continuous
monitoring found in Part 60 for NSPS. Examples of these adoptions
of NSPS-related regulations to specific existing facilities include:
(1) Opacity monitors for fossil fuel-fired steam generators must be
spanned at 80, 90 or 100 percent opacity [ref: 40 CFR 60.45(c)(3)],
(2) SO- monitors for sulfuric acid plants must be spanned at 1,000
ppm; NO monitors for nitric acid plants must be spanned at
X
500 ppm; and opacity monitors for catalyst regenerators must
be spanned at 60, 70, or 80 percent opacity. [ref: 40 CFR 60,
sections 60.84(a), 60.73(a), and 60.105(a)(1), respectively].
(3) Within 30 days of getting the continuous monitoring system
installed and operational, the source must conduct continuous
monitoring system performance evaluations [based upon schedule
established for NSPS in 40 CFR 60.8].
o No CM provision for SO- monitoring of FFFSG.
o S0? emission standard indirectly tied to fuel sulfur limitation.
o Requires NO monitoring at nitric acid plants but does not require
X
NO monitoring at FFFSG.
X
o Cycling time for opacity monitors with averaging function specified
as 6 minutes; no specification for cycling time of opacity monitors
not equipped with averaging function.
VIRGIN ISLANDS (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
111-17
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WASHINGTON (CLASS IA)
o Incorporates by reference the minimum emission monitoring requirements
of Appendix P, Part 51, and the performance specifications of Appendix
B, Part 60, for:
(1) FFFSG
(2) Sulfuric acid plants
(3) FBCCU catalyst regenerators
o No CM provisions for existing nitric acid plants.
o General continuous opacity monitoring requirement for wood residue
fuel-fired steam generators > 100 x 10 Btu/hour.
(1) no specifics of Appendix P or Appendix B
(2) opacity monitoring equipment subject to approval by the Depart-
ment
o Specific provisions for TRS monitoring and subsequent data reporting
for:
(1) kraft pulp mills
(2) sulfite pulp mills
o General continuous opacity monitoring requirement for:
(1) kraft pulp mills
recovery furnace
lime kiln
other source
(2) sulfite pulp mills
recovery system
acid plant
other source
WEST VIRGINIA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
o Has a very general provision that "stack gas monitoring devices"
may be required by the Director for SO- compliance determination for:
111-18
-------
(1) fuel burning equipment
(2) sulfuric acid plants
(3) sulfur recovery plants
(4) primary non-ferrous smelters
(5) sulfite pulp mills
WISCONSIN (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
WYOMING (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring of existing sources.
EXTENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORING PROVISIONS BY SELECTED
LOCAL AGENCIES
ALLEGHENY COUNTY (CLASS IV)
(Pittsburgh, PA)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
BAY AREA APCD (CLASS I)
(San Francisco, CA)
o Adopts the minimum emission monitoring requirements for all source
categories detailed in Appendix P, Part 51.
o Does not specify any procedures for data reduction.
o Requires continuous monitoring also of:
(1) CO boiler of FBCCU catalyst regenerator - SO
(2) CO boiler of fluid coker regenerator (> 10,000 bbl/day) -
opacity, SO
(3) Sulfur recovery plant (> 100 tpd of SO ) - S0?
o FFFSG with capacity factor > 30% may request exemption from CM if
use factor > 30% is due to drought conditions (expires 12/31/79).
o CM recorded violation of emission standard must be reported within
96 hours.
o All affected facilities must submit in writing a compliance program
for implementing CM.
111-19
-------
o General provision requiring all kraft pulp mills to continuously.
monitor TRS from:
- kraft recovery furnaces
lime kilns
BOSTON, MA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
CHICAGO, IL (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
DADE COUNTY (CLASS IV)
(Miami, FL) ' '' ' ' ' '
o Nothing more than a general provision for continuous automatic monitor-
ing, testing, and records.
DENVER, CO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
JEFFERSON COUNTY (CLASS II)
(Louisville, KY) ' • •
o Specifies that the following facilities shall conduct continuous
monitoring as prescribed by U. S. E. P. A. and by District:
(1) indirect heat exchangers > 250 x 10 Btu/hour
(2) nitric acid plants
(3) sulfuric acid plants
(4) petroleum refineries
and
(5) storage vessels of volatile organic materials (cap. ^_ 40,000 gal.)
(6) sewage treatment plants
o Does not have any other details as specified in Part 51, nor are
Appendix P or Appendix B referenced.
111-20
-------
PHILADELPHIA, PA (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
PUGET SOUND APCA (CLASS IV)
(Seattle, WA)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing sources.
ST. LOUIS, MO (CLASS IV)
o No provisions for continuous monitoring at existing^sources.
SOUTH COAST (CA) AQMD (CLASS I)
o Follows the basic format of Appendix P, Part 51.
o No provisions for opacity monitoring from any source.
o Continuous monitoring of "gaseous sulfur compounds" (calculated as
SCO required at:
(1) sulfuric acid plants
(2) sulfur recovery plants equipped with oxidizing tail gas units
(3) CO boilers of FBCCU regenerators
(4) new and existing fluid cokers > 10,000 bbls/day
o Procedures for installation, calibration, maintenance and operation
are referenced to Part 60 requirements for the particular source, i.e.,
(1) FFFSG - 40 CFR 60.45
(2) sulfuric acid plants - 40 CFR 60.84
(3) nitric acid plants - 40 CFR 60.73
(4) petroleum refineries - 40 CFR 60.105
o Performance Specifications //2 and //3 of Appendix B, Part 60, are
incorporated.
o Summaries of emission monitoring data must be submitted monthly.
o Excess emissions must be reported within 96 hours.
o Monitoring equipment shutdown or breakdown of more than 60 minutes
must be reported within 48 hours; requirement to conduct monitoring
is waived up to 96 consecutive hours; extension of waiver available
only by emergency variance.
111-21
-------
Specific clause giving a representative of AQMD the authority to
inspect the continuous monitoring system.
General provision for possibility of continuous monitoring for:
(1) any source emitting > 992 tons CO/year
(2) any source emitting > 99 tons/year of any air contaminant
except CO.
WAYNE COUNTY (CLASS IV)
(Detroit, MI)
o
Little more than enabling legislation allowing that the following may
be required to use "emission recording monitoring devices":
(1) fuel-burning equipment
(2) refuse-burning equipment
(3) process equipment
111-22
-------
ADDENDUM TO VOLUME I
IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING SOURCE CATEGORIES
SUBJECT TO STATE-ADOPTED REGULATIONS
-1-
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : ALABAMA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Coke Ovens
FFFSG >250 MMBtu (Existing)
Sulfuric Acid Plants (Existing)
Sulfuric Acid Plants (Existing >300 TPD)
Sulfuric Acid Plants (New)
Petroleum Refinery
Process Gas Stream
Kraft Pulp Mills
FFSG >250 MMBtu (New)
Nitric Acid Plants
Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
®
•
so2
o
€>@
^
®B
0
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
0
&
0
0
0
NOX
.
0
0
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : ALASKA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Incinerators
Industrial Processes
Fuel Burning Equipment
Sulfite Pulp Mills
Kraft Mill
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
©
•
so2
$
($
QG
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
jflk ten
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: ARIZONA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources
Incinerators
Fuel Burning Equipment
Heater - Planers
Sulfite Pulp
Sulfuric Acid Plants
Cement Plants
Copper Smelters
Nitric Acid Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
e
®
&
$
so2
•
*
0
.,•
®
•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
NOX
%
9
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : ARKANSAS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Process Equipment
. , ... . ....
OPACITY
0
*
jf •
so2
*•" •
-: • ;
*• .'•
.
PARAMETER
cm trim
oULrUK
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
NOX
-5 '-
*•
co2/o2
' •*• V
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : CALIFORNIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Refinery Boilers, New Cokers, Existing Boilers
Industrial Process
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Fuel Burning Equipment
Steam Generators
All Sources
Sulfur Recovery
Nitric Acid Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0^
0
so2
0
0 ^
0
0
® 4>
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
0
co2/o2
00
#
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED COIJTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : COLORADO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Alfalfa Dehydration Plant
Pilot Plants
Coal and Oil FireJ Operations
National Gas Desulfurization
Petroleum Refinery
Shale Oil Production
Shale Oil Refinery
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Process Unit
Combustion Turbines
PARAMETER
OPACITY
^
a
%
so2
Q
0-
®
a
$
%
$
$
*
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
O
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : CONNECTICUT
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Gas-Fired Fuel Burning Equipment
Oil-Fired Fuel Burning Equipment
Coal-Fired Fuel Burning Equipment (New)
Coal-Fired Fuel Burning Equipment (Old)
Stationary Gas Turbine
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Sulfite Pulp
Other Process Sources
Nonferrous Smelter (Copper)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
o m
© n
© 19
so2
a
•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
a
NOX
£
a
a
e
Q
•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: CONNECTICUT (Cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Nonferrous Smelter (Zinc)
Nonferrous Smelter (Lead)
Incinerators
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
$ El
e m
so2
0
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : DELAWARE
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Nitric Acid Plant
All Facilities
Sewage Treatment Facility
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Sulfur Recovery
Fuel Burning Equipment (New)
Fuel Burning Equipment (Existing)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®^
® ^
®
®
*•-.;
© ^
•• •
so2
^f ^Jr
tb &&
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
0^>
.
NOX
®^
'
co2/o2
4*
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fossil Fueled Steam Generators
Process Facilities
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®m
so2
®m
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
®a
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : FLORIDA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Incinerator
Sulfuric Acid Plant (New)
Sulfuric Acid Plant (Existing)
FFSG
FFSG >250 MMBtu (New)
FFSG >250 MMBtu (Existing)
Nitric Acid Plant
Carbonaceous Fuel Burning Equipment
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Kraft Pulp Mills
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
©
0
®
®
®
®
so2
0
©
©E
®m
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
©
©
NOX
®
©
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: GEORGIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Incinerators
Fuel Burning Equipment
Portland Cement Plant
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Conical Burners
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
m •
e
®
®
6
so2
•
0
®m
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
0
NOX
©
•
®m
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: HAWAII
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Generators
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
so2
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : IDAHO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Orchard Heating Device
Stationary Sources
Wigwam Burners
Fuel Burning
Kraft Pulp Mills
Sulfuric Acid Plant - Burning Elemental
Sulfur
Zinc/Lead Smelters
NSPS
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu
Portlant Cement Plant
Nitric Acid Plant
PARAMETER
OPACITY
ft
• ^
ft
•
S02
*
• +
• +
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
.
NOX
• •
* +
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: IDAHO (Cone.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Petroleum Refinery
Secondary Lead Smelter
Secondary Brass and Bronze Ingot Production
Municipal Sludge Incinerator
Sulfite Pulp Mills
Kraft Pulp Mills
PARAMETER
OPACITY
@
@^
®
9
®
®
so2
®#
®$>
© ^
Q
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
®<^
® ^
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : ILLINOIS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fuel Combustion Source
Portland Cement Plant (New)
Stationary Sources
Process Emissions
Coke Ovens
Grain Handling Operation
Nitric Acid Mfg.
Sulfuric Acid Plants (New)
H2S Flare
Petroleum and Petro-Chemical Processes FGD
Sulfuric Acid Usage
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
®
©
$
®
®
so2
©
®
®
$
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
®
N0y
A
•
®
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : INDIANA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Fuel Combustion Sources
Sulfur Recovery Plants and All Other Sources
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu
Nitric Acid Plant > 300 TPD Acid
Sulfuric Acid Plant > 300 TPD Acid
Petroleum Refinery Catalyst Regenerator
(> 20,000 bbls/day)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
<$>
^
so2
•
$
^
^
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
0
4>
co2/o2
•
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: IOWA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fuel Burning Unit
Sulfuric Acid Plant
All Facilities
Incinerators
Coal Fired Steam Generators
PARAMETER
OPACITY
4fe
®
9
**
so2
©
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: KANSAS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Indirect Heating Equipment
Incinerators
Processing of Materials
Nonferrous Smelters (Zn, Pb)
Process Gas Streams
Indirect Heating Equipment (New)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
<®
$
$
so2
$
6
0
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
e
NOX
•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : KENTUCKY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Process Operations
Indirect Heat Exchangers (>50 MMBtu)
Indirect Heat Exchangers (>250 MMBtu)
Portland Cement Plant
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Petroleum Refineries
Secondary Lead Smelters
Secondary Brass & Bronze Ingot Production
Municipal Sludge Incinerators
Sulfite Pulp Mills
PARAMETER
OPACITY
c>
9
®^
$
®
®
©
Q^>
®
©
9
so2
©
© ^&
Q&
©^
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
G
NOX
®^
••
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: KENTUCKY (continued)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Kraft Pulp Mills
Incinerators
Indirect Heat Exchangers (>50 MMBtu/hr)
Indirect Heat Exhangers (>250 MMBtu/hr)
Process Operations
Sulfuric Acid Plants
Nitric Acid Plants
Sulfite Pulp Mills
Process Gas Stream
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
©
©^
©
®
0
S02
®
®^
®^
0
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
<$>
©
0
NOX
©^
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : LOUISIANA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Combustion Unit
Safety Flares
All Sources Except FCCU Incinerator-
Waste Heat Boiler
FCCU Incinerator-Waste Heat Boiler
Chemical Woodpulping
Sulfuric Acid Plant
All Sources
Nitric Acid Plants
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu/hr
Sulfuric Acid Plant > 300 tpd
Nitric Acid Plant > 300 tpd
Cat. Cracker Regenerator * 20,000 bbls/day
PARAMETER
OPACITY
•
®
®
d
4>
*
so2
®
®
®
&
^
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
©
NOX
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : MAINE
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Sulfite Pulping
Incinerators
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
•
•
S02
*
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: MARYLAND
AFFECTED FACILITY:
AH Facilities
Non-Fuel Burning Facility
Coke Ovens
Fuel Burning Equipment
Nitric Acid Plant
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
0
so2
%
&
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
e
0
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : MASSACHUSETTS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fossil Fuel Facility
Industrial Facilities
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Stationary Sources Other than Incinerator
Incinerators
PARAMETER
OPACITY
© BJ
®
•
so2
•
<§
V
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
* B-
(§> m
•''•
co2/o2
•-f-
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : MICHIGAN
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Power Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
so2
9
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
N0y
A
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : MINNESOTA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Indirect Heating Equipment
Indirect Heating Equipment (New)
Industrial Process Equipment
Incinerator
Stationary Sources
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant (New)
Nitric Acid Plant
Portland Cement Plant
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Petroleum Refinery
Secondary Lead Smelter
PARAMETER
OPACITY
•
$
$
®
®
0
$
®
®$>
©
so2
®
®&
<&•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
^^ ^r
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS'STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: MINNESOTA (Cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Secondary Brass and Bronze Ingot Production
Municipal Sludge Incinerator
Direct Heating Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
$
9
e
so2
e
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Kraft Pulp Mills
Sulfuric Acid Plants
Sulfur Recovery Plants
Copper, Zinc, Lead Smelters
Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
to
so2
9
9
g
9
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
$
*
-•
N0y
A
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: MISSOURI
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Incinerators
Teepee Burners
Process Sources
Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
9m
©
*
so2
e
•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : MONTANA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Incinerators
Single Sources
Stationary Sources
Wood Waste Burner
Primary Nonferrous Smelters - Cu, Pb, Zn
Fuel Burning Equipment
Gaseous Fuel Burning
Kraft Pulp Mills
PARAMETER
OPACITY
&
®
&
©
so2
d
$
$
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
^^>
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : NEBRASKA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Facilities
Fossil Fueled Steam Generators
Industrial Sources
Nitric Acid Plant
Fossil Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
® ^
so2
$
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
*
MOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : NEVADA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Copper Smelters
Petroleum Refineries
Primary Nonferrous Smelters
Primary Nonferrous Smelters (Copper)
Fuel Burning Units
Non-Fuel Burning Process
Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Generators
Sulfuric Acid Plants
All Sources
Kiln
Clinker Cooler
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®fy
e<&
® ^
®$>
© 1$>
®*
S02
®^
0
$ <^
9 ^
«•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
® ^
©•
®fy
®ty
0 ^
® 4>
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEVADA (Continued)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All New Sources
Coal Preparation Plant
Incinerators
Nitric Acid Plant
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Secondary Lead Smelter
Ferroalloy Production
Secondary Brass & Bronze Plant
Iron and Steel Plant
Sewage Treatment Plants
Primary Aluminum Reduction Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
«•
© ^
9 •
®4>
® <^
9 ^^
$><$
®<&
© 4>
©4»
®^
so2
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEW HAMPSHIRE
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fuel Burning Equipment
Steam Generators
Incinerators
Wood Waste Burner
Asphalt Plant
Kraft Pulp Mill
Nonferrous Smelter (Copper)
Nonferrous Smelter (Zinc)
Nonferrous Smelter (Lead) ,
Secondary Lead Smelters
Brass and Bronze Ingot Production
PARAMETER
OPACITY
9
®
®
®
®
9
9
so2
©
®
$
®
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
$
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEW JERSEY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fossil Fuel Burning Unit (Coal)
Sulfur Recovery
All Sources
Indirect Heat Exchanger
Incinerators ,
PARAMETER
OPACITY
9
S02
•
$
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
9
MOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEW MEXICO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Wood Waste Burner
Nonferrous Smelter
Petroleum Processing Facility (Existing)
Coal Fired Boilers > 250 MM Btu
Oil Burning Equipment •
Gas Burning Equipment
Gasification Plant
Kraft Pulp Mill
Natural Gas Processing
Petroleum Refinery (New)
Petroleum Refinery (All)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
0
0
0
so2
0
0*
0
0
0
D
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
L.
0
0
0
0
0
0
MOX
0
0
0
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
REGION VI - EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEW MEXICO (Cent.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Hydrocarbon Storage :
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
',1 !
PARAMETER
OPACITY ;
so2
:
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2 :
•
A
w
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION.STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NEW YORK
AFFECTED FACILITY:
By Produce Coke Oven Batteries
Incinerators
Portland Cement Process
Portland Cement Kiln or Clinker Cooler
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Stationary Combustion Installations
Petroleum Refineries
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
0
<$m
0m
': 0
0
i 0m
.... . .
so2
0
• ^
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
Qty
0
NOX
0 +
*•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY.
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NORTH CAROLINA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Lightweight Aggregate Processes - Kilns
Fuel Burning Installations
Sulfuri.c Acid Plants
Sulfuric Acid Plants (Chamber Process)
Boilers >250 MMBtu
Nitric Acid Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
so2
®
®
0
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
©
NOX
•
9
O
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: NORTH DAKOTA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Existing Sources
Stationary Sourcos (Existing)
Stationary Sources (New) and Incinerators
Fuel Burning Installations
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
€>
so2
«
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : OHIO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Process Equipment
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Smelters (Cu, Zn, Pb ) ''
Sulfite' Pulp Mill ' -'
Fuel Burning Installation .»;•••
Process Gas Stream *
Nitric Acid Plant
Combustion Sources > 250 MM Btu
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
-
so2
$
©
O
®
e
®
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
©
•
©
NOX ;
9
9
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : OKLAHOMA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Incinerator
Stationary Sources
Sulfuric Acid Plant
IFuel Burning Equipment > 250 MM Btu
Fuel Burning Equipment > 50 MM Btu (New)
Fuel Burning Equipment (New)
Nitric Acid Plant (New)
Petroleum and Natural Gas Processes (New)
Petroleum Refineries
Sulfur Recovery Plant (New)
Nonferrous Smelters (New)
Paper Pulp Mill (New)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
9
$
9
&
9
<&
so2
e^
•
G^
$
©<£
em
®&
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
*
9
NOX
©
$
co2/o2
•
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED COIJTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
REGION X - EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : OREGON
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Wigwam Wood Waste Burner
Kraft Pulp Mill
Primary Aluminum Plant
Veneer Dryers
Laterite Ore Production of Ferronickel
Fuel Burning Equipment
Sulfite Pulp Mill > 110 ton/day
PARAMETER
OPACITY
@
9
®
«
®
so2
®
0
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
4Bt J&.
®<@>
M0y
A
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: PENNSYLVANIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Facilities
By Product Coke Ovens
Combustion Units
Primary Zinc Smelters
PARAMETER
OPACITY
@
so2
®
©
@
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
©
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: PUERTO RICO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary sources
Fuel burning equipment
Process gas stream
Sulfuric acid plant
Sulfur recovery plant
Primary nonferrous smelters
Sulfite pulp mill
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
•
',
;
so2
O
fffl
UyM
9
o
$
9
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
.
NOX
•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: RHODE ISLAND
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Facilities
Fossil Fuel Fired Steam or Hot Water
Generators
' . • . ' v ' - •.-
1 ' . '
I
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
&
'
so2 :
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
NOX
•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: SOUTH CAROLINA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
FFSG >250 MMBtu
Incinerators
Fuel Burning Sources
Siilfuric Acid Plants
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
@ ^b
•
so2
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: SOUTH DAKOTA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
iJcod Waste Burner
Incinerator
Fuel Burning Equipment
NSPS
FFFSG > 250MM Bt'u
Portlard Cement Plant
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Petroleum Refinery
Secondary Lead Smelter
PARAMETER
OPACITY
*$)
®
®
G<>
{3&
®
®
<§
a<^
e
so2
©
flfr
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Secondary Brass and Bronze Ingot Production
Municipal Sludge Incinerator
; PARAMETER !
OPACITY
$
S02
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: TENNESSEE
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All air contaminant sources
Certain existing sources
Fuel burning installation
Air contaminant source
Sulfuric acid plant
New air contaminant
Sources > 250 MM Btu/hr
Nitric acid plant
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu
Sulfuric acid plants > 300 tpd
Petroleum refinery
Cat. cracker regenerator
> 20,000 bbls/day
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
& «$>
4>
+
so2
©
^
O
4?
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
®
NOX
$
©
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: TEXAS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Flue
Stationary Flue (> 100,000 acfm)
Waste Gas Flare
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Nonf errous... Smelters
FFFSG
Primary Copper Smelter
Primary Zinc Smelter
Primary Lead Smelter __
Other Primary Smelter
PARAMETER
OPACITY
»
@M •
m
so2
'
© ;
% \
®
"«'
^m -
®m
• :
®m
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
S00
HOX
••
.-
•"
-
• - •
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: TEXAS (Cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Secondary Metal Recovery
FFFSG > 600 M Ib/hr. Steam
Nitric Acid Plant
Sulfuric Acid Plants (As SO Control in
Nonferrous Smelter)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
so2
9
9m
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
soz
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: UTAH
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources (Existing)
Stationary Sources (New)
Diesel and Internal Combustion
Nonferrous Smelter
Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
v£
®
S02
<$
$
£
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : VERMONT
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Combustions Installations
All Facilities
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
so2
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
0
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : VIRGINIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fossil Fuel Fired Steam Generators
Catalyst Regenerators for Fluid Bed
Catalytic Cracking Regenerators
All Sources
By Product Coke Ovens
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Combustion Installation
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Lightweight Aggregate
Nonferrous Smelters
Petroleum Refineries; Fuel Gas Combustion
Device
PARAMETER
OPACITY
© ^
<£
©
%
so2
0^
®^
$
9
©
©
^
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
9
NOX
^
co2/o2
^
EMISSION-STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: VIRGINIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Nitric Acid Plant
Process Gas Streams
Kraft Pulp Mills
PARAMETER
OPACITY
so2
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
9
9
NOX
0^
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: VIRGIN ISLANDS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Existing sources
New sources...
Fuel oil combustion
•
PARAMETER
OPACITY
•
®
.-
. so2
e
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
1
•
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : WASHINGTON
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Primary Aluminum Plants
Stationary Sources
Hog Fuel Boilers
Catalytic Cracker
Kraft Pulping Mills
Sulfite Pulping Mills
FF.FSG > 250 .MM Btu
Sulfuric Acid Plant > 300 TPD Acid
Catalytic Cracker Regenerator > 20,000
bbls/day
Wood Residue FSG > 100 MM Btu/hr
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
0
•
©
OH
OH
*
-,
*
"
so2
•
•^
*
*
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
• ^
NOX
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: WEST VIRGINIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Facilities
Incinerators
Hot Mix Asphalt Plant
Refinery Process Gas Stream
Fuel Burning Facility
Manufacturing Process
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Sulfur Recovery Plant
Nonferrous Smelter
Sulfite Pulp Mill
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
®
©
\ '''
so2
€>
$
®
®
^
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
. OTHER THAN
so2
9
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION. STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE: WISCONSIN
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Asphalt Concrete Plant
Petroleum Refinery
Lead Smelters
Brass and Bronze Ingot Production
Municipal Sludge Incinerator
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu/hr. (New)
Sulfuric Acid Plant (New)
Kraft Pulp Mills
Gasoline and Diesel Engine
Nitric Acid Plant (New)
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
ft
ft
e
®
ft
o>
so2
ft
ft
ft
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
ft
ft
NOX
ft
ft
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
STATE : WYOMING
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources (New)
Stationary Sources (Existing) (Except
Incinerators)
Fuel Burning Equipment (New) Used for
Indirect Heating
Incinerators
Wood Waste Burners
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Fuel Burning Equipment
Nitric Acid Plant
Diesel Engines
PARAMETER
OPACITY
$
®
Q
®
®
©
so2
®
$
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
<»
NOX
a
$
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: ALLEGHENY COUNTY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All sources
Incinerators
Coke ovens
V *"
Blast furnace slips
Fuel-burning or combustion equipment
Sulfuric acid plant
Sulfur recovery plant
By-product, (coke - oven gas
"••••'••
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
€>
©
©
\C-'
-3
•'-if
so2
9
© :
©
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
o
©
NOX
=
,
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: BAY AREA APCD SAN FRANCISCO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All sources
Incinerators
All heat transfer op.
New heat transfer op.
(4/19/72) > 250 MM Btu/hr
All heat transfer op.
> 1,750 MM Btu/hr
General combustion and operations
Sulfuric acid plant
Sulfur production
Sulfur manufacturing^ 100 tpd SO
Fuel burning - solid or liquid fuel
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
0
®
©
so2
®
®
©
O
0
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
®
®
NOX
®
®
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: BAY AREA APCD SAN FRANCISCO (Cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Diraethylsulf ide source
Mercaptan source
Kraft Pulp Mill
FFFSG > 250 MM Btu/hr
CO boiler - :FBCC regenerator
CO boiler - fluid coker regenerator
> 10,000 bbl/day
Sulfur recovery plant > 100 tpd of SO-
(New 11/3/76)
"'*.""
Sulfuric acid plant
Nitric acid plant (New 9/7/77)
Nitric acid plant (Existing 9/7/77) > 300 tpd
PARAMETER
OPACITY
4>
: &
&
r"i '
so2
'•'••
^w/FGI
^>
^
t
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
*
9
' ©m
MOX
'•
4,
• '
'-..
^
+
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY: BOSTON
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fuel Burning Equipment
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
S02
0
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCX: CHICAGO
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Stationary Sources
Space Heating Equipment
Industrial Processes and Power Plants
Electrical Generating
PARAMETER
OPACITY
®
so2
®
V
@
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
0
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY: DADE COUNTY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources
Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Generators
PARAMETER
OPACITY
•
so2
:-
SULFUR .
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY: DENVER
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
©
S02
#
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: JEFFERSON COUNTY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Process operations
Indirect, heat exchanger
Waterwall spreader-stoker heat exchanger
All other waterwall indirect heat exchanger
Incinerators
Process gas stream
Indirect heat exchangers > 250 MM Btu/hr
Nitric acid plant > 300 tpd
Sulfuric acid plant > 300 tpd
Petroleum refinery
Cat. cracker regenerator
> 20,000 bbls/day
PARAMETER
OPACITY
0
©
®
®
0
^
*
so2
e
©
^
<^
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
0
MOX
0
^
co2/o2
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY : PHILADELPHIA
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources Except Incinerators
Nitric Acid Plants
Incinerators
All Sources
Fuel Burning Equipment
PARAMETER
OPACITY
*
©
©
S02
0
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
$
NOX
*
$
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR (PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY: PUGET SOUND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
AGENCY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources
PARAMETER
OPACITY
9
so2
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AQENCY: ST. LOUIS
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Fuel Burning Equipment
All Sources
Incinerators
PARAMETER
OPACITY
*
e
so2
©
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
9
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: SOUTH COAST AQMD LOS ANGELES
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Emission source
Coke ovens ",
Natural gas •• combustion
Process gas* combustion
Liquid fuel combustion
Electric power plant-steam generators
Electric power plant generating equipment
(New 5/7/76) > 50 MM Btu/hr
Sulfur recovery unit
Sulfuric acid units
Solid fossil fuel combustion
Fuel burning equipment > 555 MM Btu/hr
PARAMETER
OPACITY
d
(B
so2
@
®
•
%
<3 ^
$> o
®
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
®
®
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
STATE: SOUTH COAST AQMD LOS ANGELES (cont.)
AFFECTED FACILITY:
Steam generating equipment > 555 MM Btu/hr
Steam generating equipment (New 5/7/76)
> 50 MM Btu/hr
Steam generators > 250 MM Btu/hr
Nitric Acid Plant (New 10/1/78)
Nitric acid plant (Existing 10/1/78
> 300 tpd)
CO boilers - FCCM regenerators
Fluid cokers > 10,000 bb Is/day
PARAMETER
OPACITY
so2
•
•
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN
so2
NOX
*
®
•
•
#
co2/o2
^
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
EMISSIONS STANDARD AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING SUMMARY
LOCAL
AGENCY: WAYNE COUNTY
AFFECTED FACILITY:
All Sources
Electric Power Plants and Steam Generators
Residential Space and Water Heating
Sulfuric Acid Plants
Sulfur Recovery
Petroleum Refinery
PARAMETER
OPACITY
«B
v,
so2
®
©S3
©
^m
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAU
so2
oa
0 H
©a
NOX
co2/o2
EMISSION STANDARD FOR PARTICULAR CATEGORY
DETAILED CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
GENERAL CONTINUOUS MONITORING REGULATIONS
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
RPA
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Qf
5. REPORT DATE
State Regulations for S02, NOX, Opacity, Con-
tinuous Monitoring, and Applicable Test Method
vnlnmp T .
July 1M78
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
R. Cline (ES), Paul Stenburg (ES)
Keith Felts (ES) , Howard Wright, Louis Paley
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Engineering-Science Inc. (ES)
7903 Westpark Drive
McLean va. 22101
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. environmental Protection Agency
Division of Stationary Source Enf. (EN-341)
401 M St., S.W.
. n .r 9 n/i fin
13. TYPEJ3F REPOR.T AND PE.HJOD COVERED
Tinal to iy/7
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Current copies of the air pollution control regulations of all fifty states, three
erritories, and twelve local agencies were reviewed for the purpose of compiling infor-
lation on emission standards, compliance test methods, and continuous emission monitorinc
s applied to existing stationary sources.
U.
Specific pollutants of interest were opacity,
The intent of this review was to
NO , and sulfur compounds other than S00.
de'ntify the assortment of types, formats, and exemptions which prevail in existing SIP
•egulations for selected sources and pollutants, thereby providing guidance to EPA for
riting future continuous emission monitoring regulations. This report is not to be user
is an all inclusive reference document for such information.
The primary focus of this review and compilation was the following existing source
'ategories:
continued on next page
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution Control
Reliability
Monitors
Continuous
Monitors
13B
14D
14G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unclassified
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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INSTRUCTIONS
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17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
(a) DESCRIPTORS - Select from the Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms the proper authorized terms that identify the major
concept of the research and are sufficiently specific and precise to be used as index entries for cataloging.
(b) IDENTIFIERS AND OPEN-ENDED TERMS - Use identifiers for project names, code names, equipment designators, etc. Use open-
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jority of documents are multidisciplinary in nature, the Primary Field/Group assignment(s) will be specific discipline, area of human
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EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) (Reverse)
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cont. /pg2
OPACITY
o Fossil tuel-fireci steam generators (FFFSO)
o Portland cement plants
o Catalvst regenerators of fluio bed catalytic
cracking units (FBCCU)
o Hog fuel-fired boilers
o Kraft recovery furnaces
o Usiiic oxygen process furnaces (fiOPF)
o Ferroalloy electric submerged arc furnaces
iS
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