-------
ffl. . |088
CoiMtry"
NAME: '
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:
No.
IND
Type
A
jt\C 1
5 E
F
Functions.
DOMESTIC
-- •
Ol|pd|o3|o4|o6
Sources
11
12 13 14 16
Effects
21J22J 23)24(26
Controls ..
"SOLID FUEL APPLIANCES APPROVAL COUNCIL--
. ""
t _
19 Rochester, Row", ;
LONDON S.wil.
01.834.2339
. National
Coal
Board
a4|4»|34|36 l||rf|s 1 2|y]5.?0 |s| T
Remedies Size StMtw- |-0ete •• ' f
I ACRONYM: '
f," CB.087 (B.089
,-.' Title | PERSONNEL
-Mr.
R. Godliman
Function"-"
AP aims and actions:
To test and approve installations for burning solid
fuels including the compilation of a list of
installations fulfilling requirements for smokeless
zone operation.
Comments:
Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Council
.70
Country
NAME :
ADDRESS,
Tel.:
AFFIL :
. i. J — .. L 1 -J -J,-i _L, - i •. i- j —
No. |Type| Functions 1 Sources !
.NATIONAL. COAL ROARD
Coal Research Establishment
. Stoke . Orchard, --
CHELTENHAM,
nioucestershire.
Rlshops Cleeve 2241
12J13 14 V^J21|22 23 24I25 3^132 33'34
Effects Controls Remudic:
- Title PERSONNEL
Or. ,1. filbson
i
•sciv'ktciilvil^^Al cf-]1
35^M.s.1.L^3!fi-ni .. iV
I Sizo I Status | Date | |
ACRONYM: H C R
See
also
Function
director
AP aims and actions:
Research into processes for producing smokeless solid
fuels from bituminous coal; development of domestic
furnaces for smokeless combustion of coal etc.
Development of fluid bed combustion technology.
Dust control in- mining operations. (Studies of pneumo-
coniosts and other dust diseases by NCR Inst. Occup.
Medicine.)
Comments:
GB.089 National Coal Board
8.71
38U
-------
_
"CoOptry' I No.-lTvp«| ' Functions.
Sgunees , | ,6R«ct« .;.gpnt.ro>a,
g.ize
X| a|.3J 617p[- ___ I f
.Status- fjPjitB I .'
NAME:
• GENERATING
-
fegfe:
•":•.}!• t^.:-.
ADDRESS: Sudbury.House',.
r"~~ " 25 ''
Tel.:
LONDON El'c'.l;
(01) 248.1202
Titte
'Mr.
Mr-.
P.P.' Ross
A.J.' CJLarke
Function
Research
AP aims and actions: ;
Coordina'.ion of plume rise arid dispers I on-'Trieasurements
around specific Tower Stations.
Routine surveys of. pollution a: ouhd all new/power stat-
ions before and after commissioning.
Comments:
Results of' rou'ilh'p sv^isys^'^po^'ted
to Warren Spring (GE.039)' "as'r'pa"rt
:of" National SurVoy. ••'.'.• . .;. o: • • '• i
OB.pyO Central El"ctr[cUy Gii-ncratJng Board
G)3 !091^TND ^JB:C Dj E|F :0l|9aj03;.04.06'll
CoiWlry~"| No. [Type .. (fvinctiigps. Soujftis .
Elfccts | Controls Remedies Size Status . .D^te • ;
NAME: CENTRAL :-ELECfRTCITY RESEAhCll IJlBOPATOniES " ' | ACRONYIVI^.'CERL . . (, ...
t . . . _ _ ^ .. .. . , . . i ^ . . .^jj...... .....,,:
^ ' 1 iilso .: ..»' • i '>-/-*•
ADDRESS: Randalls Roa.d;
LEATIiERHEAH," ' " 'i r
Surrey.
Tel.: .03723. -448? . >
~AFFIL: Central • ELoctrJ.ci.ty Generatint;
Board ""
Title" . PERSONNEL ' Functtof .' '"
Mr. D.H. Lucas Head of Physics Depar't'm'e'nt''
. Dr-. ' D. J. Moore
1 J. Counihan .
i -;..;-,.,
1
I
AP aims and actions:
Studies of plume rise and dispersion of povier station
plumes in cooperation with regional laboratories.
Wind tunnel Investigations of theoretical predictions
of the effects of meteorology arid terrain on dis-
persion.
Development of air quality monitoring methodu. '
Improvements in t'Lnctrostatic precipitation technology.
Reduction of dust problems during asJi disposal.
Comments:
GB.091 Central Electricity Research Laboratories
8.71
385
-------
CoJFitry.;' [No. 'Type] Function*
Sources
Effects
Controls . I" Remedies I Size Status
NAME: . , LAPORTE IMDUSTBiES LTMTTEgj General Chemicals Division
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
"AFFIL"
Lancashire.
Peter Spenoe and Sons Limited
ACRONYM:
See
also
PERSONNEL
Title I
—• f
Mr. ; E. B. Andrews
t
Function
AP aims arid actions: '
Development of catalytic devices for the control of
atmospheric pollutants from cars.
Development of catalytic processes for the removal of
sulphur .dioxide from flue gases and improving
industrial gaseous effluents.
Comments
GBi.O^' Laporte'-rnd'ustrieis' Limited, General Chemicals D
GB • ,,. ;Q9?i:,-flJn X|''JBJ. 6J.O'iF
. ADDRESS : -.$oienti flc Development l,abs.
' '"' ' '.''' Nlrhf'inrale nbad,
DERBY. ' -f
Tel.: 'lld^?^ . ; '. ;-
"AFFIL"-"
.-,. .. ^... .. .. . ., ^
Title PERSONNEL
.. ... ^
Mr- M. .1. •",'. .viiltl'i
Mr'. " d\ .Walker'
Mr. |T. Durjian.t.'
il . _j^ • *. .
i
I
1 vision 5.70
Size Status. | blilo . :"'•••--,
ACRONYM:
5ue . ,• ;*i>v' n •
also •..--- • • ••*>.:'• :\-
Function ' ' - •••'••
^lanat'.er
occtlon Head PoTliiti-bn
Noise Control •.:.:/,'• -.-:;•; 'V--
' ^'f : \
\ •."' • -
AP aims and actions:
1 Comments:
Studies on the reduction of smoke and nitrogen oxides •• ,
and unburned fuel emissions frnm .i.:i. engines by means \
of mechanical modifications and fuel additives.
Studies on the reduction of noise from ,':et engines.
GB.093 Rolls-Royce Limited (Aero Engines)'
6.70
386
-------
OB
C|DLE|F
IJIB 2l|22|23|24|28[3l|32)33|34J
S -T
CoJhtry' - No. [Typ«[ Functions
Sources' -:'| '-Effect^- <:,' ,' Controls ' Remedies | Site | Status.; |,Dete
. MAME- ' '< BRITISH TITAN PRODUCTS LIMITED. / . . - ;«^
, IK^fVlB • 4 -, H •'"-••• - .,*. -t • ,r ij Uf~r ^ ~-
A'pftRlSS:
Te)!': - '.,,,
Carlton Weathering. Test Stn., . ,
^armJi&ck^Lane, r -'">
Hartburn,
9TOCKTON-OK-.TBES.
. . * • ' 'v-
' • • • ,-",)
, .-Title,:,..
Mr.
•-.(.••. ^ ' • • •-•
E.' Oakley
- Function "",. ••^'••i-ifti •.'- •
Superinte.ndent ;. •;./ *.)
v
AP films and 'actions:
•>•'.....,.-, • •
the evaluation of .titanium dioxide pigments in various
iiiedia for weathering and photo.-degradative break-
'down including .measurements of atmospheric
ination.
Comments:
^^ . GjB.094 *'Britiah..Titan Producta Limited •— ' ' 5-7C
OS j095|INb:.XiB|cjit)j E'j/ioii94j03!o4J05;1lJl2!l3!l4|l5|21|22|23|24|25 34^2 33)34)36) Xlw1 Sj Vj X 3)^.7:1 j
.—.^—^ 1—:——J *—i —1—i—I—'•'—»—J -I . I._ i —i—1 . ... __L-^J—J. .j—i—i • tT.. fii. .^^J. X.-Lj-l -.; -.|- ..i. -J-. ^ .|
Cpfloify' ; Ntf^iTCyPffil .-.l:ifv.nc>|j>n» • l'..iyfS,ptjrqeg .' : pffecis -| iCbntrois ... \gftmjtfliea |- Sue.; | Status | Data >'
AOO.R£SS: PeterborouKh Road. ".Title. . .. -BBi'SOSlfiflEfL v ' ""
-ACRONYM':
AOORESS: Peterborough Road,^
LONDON' '"s.w.6.
Tel.:
01.736.1212
SB 9
.also
; Title .
'~ "
Function
t;* | i.,-i- •
I)r. | C. r^rkijs-j • i Director
Mr. I E.'A; K. Patrick JManager of Research
Mr: I ;T." ••£:'• D..'.Mason . )
AFRL:
.•;'
AP aims and^actions:
Comments:
, , -...-. <'
Research into flames and .combustion with emphasis on. the' A]rr> fvuv'ides grafts for outside
domestic and commercial utilization of gasv' i work. (eg. -Sheffield U. Geog. -
(Correlation of incidence-of respiratory In Tec-t ion with i GB.135)-
levels of AP in Don Valley near Sheffield.
GB. 095 -G&s Counoil,.Watson Siouse-Research"Division"
8.71
387
-------
OB
11 12 13 1416
3 .€.70
•• No. |Typ>
".'Source*
-fffects
Control*
si,f| Size Status: Date
NAME: IMP^PlAt
INDUSTRIES LIMITED
ACRONYM : Id
...,r. .
ADDRESS :
Tel.:
AFFIL:
- ..:--. -;-';:4v:: '3-. •-.-,•-•.'„ *-• i;*:.. /^ « ,.-••. JSSoL.:,,".- ..^ ' •• '..IT'./A
Imperial CHemical Houfle, '"* ":
LONDON S*. W.I.
(01) 8?4.4444.
4-i •• - , *., *
'Title
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
L.W/Oldham
B. Leadbetter
C.J. Stairmand
r r'^; „. Function '>; v "• •
Head Office air and water
pollution Section Head
Agricultural Division,
Billingham
AP alms and actions: .. Comments:,
Air and water pollution sections .In Head: OIlHce and In '
each division act in an advisory and watospog capacity;
to production staff to ensure minlinum 5polajitlon both j
inside and. outside plant. ' i
GB.096 . Imperial Chemical
6B |A[j B c D
Limited
|fto. ] Type]-:;functions [^ Suurcos? ' Effect* -h .j 'Controls
.Remedies | Size
Status
'6.70
DaU;
NAME:, - RES'. ASM'",. OB
COI,Onn& VARNTSJ1
.. ..Paint Reseiaroh Station
•ADDRESS: Walde^rave Road.
TEDDINGTON, "
Middlesex.
Tel.:
(01) 977.^^27
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
S«e
aWio
Title
Mr.
Mr.
, Mr.
PERSONNEL
Gedge
de Winter
Aiide'rson
\
Function,
director
AP aims:and actions:
Studies of effects, of'light,., weather and AP on life uf
. • paint films. ' •.'.•
Comments:
GB.097- Res. Assn. of British Paint, Colour & Varnish Mfrs.
8.71
388
-------
(JB iC^o 1 ASM |X|^| c ^J E| ^ joiloaosjwoe n
12|l3|l|lB
CpiEtyy"','! No' (Type) Functipht^ J Sources',1 Effect* '„,.
2(423J24|2d3l|3^4H '•|44lji2|X'|8..71 S T
\C*nirols ]. Ramadiaarij Siza^ (.Status | Date
NAME:.. B&ITlfilH NQK-FERROUS METALSlfiESEARCH JtSS<5ej*i(23!24(2SJ3l|32!^!>»i35i L!M|^I ll 2J^| 8, Til ! SJ T
1 -- I . ,,^ . .t .. 4 -(-<•>' . 1 . .1... -i— .. . . I.,J-1_ ^ -^ J_t;j.., j-4 -- Ij I *J ]r.~ . -l.-.-j .1. _J -- J - — L ------ , .^ ^..
• ; ' -
:_u. i_4t_ .1.. j' J..;- i .\r..\... a-.. : i.,j-i_,v 4,1,,;... -i_i;; !ji;. ; j;_..j .1. _LCJ__
[,..,!._ FuHQtton« • I ;8oufce8 , EffcCta*;.. C^n'ttols -|. RMnediei: |>, Site [Status ; Date
-AMD.TRADE AS8AM-
AODRSS9: .Ea^st ..panjc
Yorkshire.
Jty.: i___.
AFFJL: " '
Titfe, _ PERSONNEL
Dr. M. T. Hall
ACRONYM:
also
Function
: director
AP ptms
ctions:
Comments:
Du$t. In foundries: studies of causes,' measurement and
Abatement ;
••-.•'OB.;099 Steel Castlrtgs "Rese'Jlt'ch .','1 Ausri.
8.71
-------
&B
;• 101 60<5 A\jt
oB 11
C«/ntry'u' ^o. Type FCirt(Jtlon»'
Sources
Effect*'
Control*
Remedie*. | • Si»- |S.tttu» [Dite
NAME: 'NATIONAL 30CIB|| frpR..qLEAN .AIR
-ADDRESS: 134 North Street;
BRIGHTON.
_Te.L:_^ JO2??) 26313 ___
"AFFlLT" ~ ~
_Title_| PERSONNEL/
Adml. ! P. G. Sharp
Membirs are lndividual£
institutes, associatlor
ACRONYM:
NSCA .,:,,
Function
director & secretary
, local authorities,
3 and industrial companies.
AP aims and actions:
To promote and create by publicity and education an in-
formed public opinion on the value and importance of
clean air, and to initiate and encourage the Investig-
ation and redearch into all forms of atmospheric poll-
ution In order to achieve, its reduction.or prevention.
Comments.: - . _ ..,.. ... :
Derives from a-Society founded"In
1899. Is a voluntary body with
no official grant.
Also has 12 regional groups in GB.
Arranges regional and national con-
ferences and exhibitions.
Publishes "Clean Air" (Q'ly. 30p)
and "Clean Air Year Book".
Member of TUAPPA (X.023).r...
GB.101 ' National Society for Clean Air
CB .... ao2|sOC[AJ/|.c|.bjeJF-|oi|o2[o3|o4|o5Ji/
CouiMfy" | -No. Typej Functions j Source^" " .
NAME :. ... ROYAL : SOCIETY. OP. ..HEALTH
.•; :.. .... ..-; • ;'•': * .--. • --1
ADDRESS: 90 Buckingham .ftelace Road>
LONDON S.W.I.
'Tel.: . 01.730.5134
AFFIL : ,
12 islulis
Effects '
S
Title
Mr. -
"i"-
21 22|a(24|a[3l]3^33|34J
Controls ] Remedial
PERSONNEL
P. A. Wells
(
-
3d i M> il^X'VrTOl- -."1s| ,r
I 1 Size 1 Status D»t». [ ' f
ACRONYM: RSH
See
also ' , "'•:
Function-
Secretary
; .. . ._._..
AP aims and actions:
Promotes discussion and lectures on health aspects
of pollution. ;:
Comments:
fTR.102 Royal Society of Health
5.70
390
-------
105JSOC
A|/| C| D| E| F |oi|o2|o3|o4)o6|ll|l2|^miB|2l|2a)23|24|2g[3l|32|33|34|3B|-L|;M[ j\ ifcj d 5.70I' ^ I SJJ
-.Function* Sources Effects y Controls • - Remejllaa' | ' 8lt8~ 9utW \ Djfte '[•' '<•'; :.| .T
OP ARTS
ADDRESS-: 6-ftrtTohp 'AdSJirStreet»~
LOHDON WlC/2.
••(
Tel.:
01...839.2366
AFPIL:'
Title
sw
Bl»6
.
~ '
•Puncitlon
^.1 . ' • *r:.'
Mr. jo. E. Mercer |Secretary A. :'..'." .'•
nd actions: _ v-.. ;.>,;;,.-.^'
Promotes diiieuisslon and lectures on aspects of air
pollution,,
Comments:
GB.1Q3 Royal.Society ql' AI-LS
J104 !30C: A! Jfj CJ 0| E[/|Qt|qil03iW.OS 11 12'
, Id., — , I-, J— -i. i..,'-i. J '- 1 I • ' • • :' • •'
CeJfTCry.' t flo.-ijypej. .-..Functtona ;...- Source^ .\ •Ejects-'
. 5.7C
I 2223,24l25,31j32i33l34.35 U'M1 S| 1 j 2 j 3/1 5.70
Controls I ' RehjediBS f Size [ Statuj);.; Dote
S T
NAME: THE WQMENS ADVISOR >"0t:
SOLID PUEl
ADDRESS: l8»-'South Moiton" Street,
LOfTOON-W.I.'
Te(.: • 01,629.5358
AFFiL:
ee
also
PERSONNEL
Ml'i'a •,• Cruttehdeh
Function
Secretary
AP alms and actions;
Promotes usti of solid fuels (smokeless when possible)
for domestic use, through lectures and demonstrations
to women's organisations.
Comments: •• '
Independent organisation but
comes under auspices of the
Coal Utilisation Council
GB.'1Q# The Womenfc Advisory Council on Solid Fuel
391
-------
ffl
_
"Coj'nlry" "i No. JTypej- Functions
NAME:
INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS AND SURVEYORS ACRONYM:
See
• ISO •' -..,.•••
. ADDRESS .
'v
.Te|.:
29 Belgrave Square,
LONDON S.W.I.'
01:235.3755
.AFFIL:
Title
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
PERSONNEL
K. Hay
Rayner
Myles White
Function' . .
Secretary
Information Offioer
Chairman-Working Party
AP aims and actions:
Working party on conservation, inc iniijnf.-,atmospheric
pollution.
Comments:
oB . .!
Country ' .
NAME: .
ADDRESS .
CiB.10'.j Incorporated Asso ia't.
lOtf.'SOCJAJ BlcJDJ E jVioi1 02^03! 04: Ofj 11
N.o/.iTypej Functions,, j Sources
''BRITISH MEDICAL", AS^pCTATTOU
'
RMA Mouse,.
ion of Architects .and
1?;l3;14ll5l 21122! 23! 24| 2Sl3l'32
. j. J . L J...1-.I
Ellccis . | .Controls . | . Re
Surveyor
33J34J35j'X
medies ' j
s , "'5. 70 .. : -'• .;'•'
Size Status • | Date'; ' "r "
ACRONYM : I*MA .. •
See.. • . --.k
also " •!•. .-•• .
Title PERSONNEL - Function
Tel.: .
~AFFIL":
Ta vis took Square,
LONDON W.C.I.
01.3&7.M99
Dr. • R. A. Field
1
I'tr. \ P. Currer
'. Secretary - Pollution •
; Health Committee
: Secretary - Occupational
I Health Committee.
AP aims and actions :
Air pollution-matters raised by members are discussed
by the Publ.lc Health Committee or the Occupational
Health Committee.
Where action i:: required, BMA Counci.1 'make:
representations to appropriate bodies.
Comments:
GB.106 British Medical Association
.5.70
392
-------
03
CotMbyV
NAME:
iiotlsoc
•JMfcrlType
A|>|C|D
Ek
• Function* •
01|&2|09|04J06
Sources
11
12
13J14
15
Effects
21J22J23|24J25:
Controls'
J1J32J33
MHX|l"1*|X|5.70| |S|T
Remedies | Size , Status | Date j f
DISTRICT HEATtNQ ASSOCIATION
•;
ADDRESS
: Derbyshire House,
St. Chad's Street, .
LONDON W.C.I.
01. 278. 1964
AFFIl:
ACRONYM:
.See
also
Title
Mr.
| PERSONNEL
A. W. Brown
.Function
. ... .--. __ • .....
AP aims ftn'd actions:
To furthftr the cause of district heating in principle
and practice,to create an informed public opinion on
the value and importance of district heating.
To originate and propose Improvements In the law to
facilitate and encourage the development of district
heating;.
Comments:
GB.107 District Heating Association
OB llOBlSOCiA!
-_U.., ....|, 1
CoJhiry";
Function*
Sourcei
Ejects
...
Controls
Remedies
-
Si?e
5-70
ij_2|/l 6.701 |S[T
Status"}Data I ' f
NAME: ROYAL INSTITUTE OP BRITISH ARCHITECTS
ACRONYM: RIBA
see
also
ADDRESS: 66 Portland Pla.ce,
LONDON"W.I.
Tel.:
01.^80,5533
Title PERSONNEL Function
Mr. P. K. Harrison Secretary
AFFIL:
AP alms and actions:
Interest In pollution stimulated by meetings, papers
etc.
Comments:
OB. 108 Roval Tnal'.ltute of British Architects
6.70
39
-------
109
Country-*f_Nov
soc
Type
A*C
E
functions
' ' i
' SouTces "
M
Remedies
Size
8.7.1
Statug:p.at8
S ,T
•NAME: ... - BRITISH OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE SOCIETY
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS: Nuffield Dept. of Ind. Health,
Medical School,
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE, '
Tel.:
(0632) 28511
AFFIL:
Title • PERSONNEL
Mr. j. D. Murphy
icyon
Hon. Secretary
AP aims and actions:
Acts as a forum for hygienists on air pollution matters
Frequent papers on pollution are presented.
Comments:
...»•. **>.
3.109 British Occupational Hygiene Society
GB 111© SOC. AJXl CJ DJ EJ^;01 02J0304|o5.'vfil2:13'l4[l5'21j22J23124l25 31J32J33I34J35 X'J'V'JSM
•Country ': ,Nt>. [Type! '"Ffintttbfta'." j' "Sources""" Effects ' Cqmrbls ..'fiemedies . .'SJie . ] S
2
.Lr
| Swtus
8.71
6.70 ..
^ »
Dste, ;
.; S f
•^~<-"**.'
( ,./....
NAME.:- - S6GI-ETY OF OeeUPATTONAL MEPTCTNE
ADDRESS: 11 St. Andrew Place,
Regents Park,
LONDON N.W.I.
Tel.:
"AFF'IL"
(01) 486.2641
ACRONYM:
ee
B|so
Title
Dr
PERSONNEL
P. Swann
Function
Hon. Secretary-
AP aims and actions:
Acts as a forum on air pollution matters
Papers and discussions on pollution are encouraged.
Comments:
GB.110 Society of Occupational Medicine
6.70
394
-------
(IB
Country"
NAME:
111JACD;^B|CJD E F j0102J03J04|o5|ll|l2J13|l4J15 2l|22J23|24|2jKJ.3l|32 33 34J
No.||Type| Functions ) Sources I Effects Controls [ Remedies
BtACKBURN COII£GE OP TFCHMTMY AND DESIGN"'
ADDRESS
Tel:
AFFIL. "
Department of Pure and
Applied Science,
Blackburn, EB2 1LH,'
Laiicashl re .
54 111
Title PERSONNEL- '
Mr. S. Hargreaves i
V •
• i
i
^H^NzlHs.Tol |S|T
j Size 1 Steijus 1 Date | '•.,•'
ACRONYM': 't
-See rtrj ATA
i \JO*\J >\J
also . ... .<
'Faftfifttbn ':.
Senior Lecturer.
!.
AP aims and actions:
Analyses of local National Survey smoke filters for
lead, copper, 7.1 no and vanadium MS In,1, 3 t. >m! <:
absorption nvthodF.. Data has n;>L y'.>t been collated.
Has had M.Sc. nturioni. determining care-. \ n'Y,onl (• liydro-
carbons on sin/jkR filters.
'Comm'ents:
Was working on Science Research
Council grant (•UB.'O^O) .•
6B !lS|ACn
CoJntry' '! No Type
NAME: CRs'T^A
Blackburn College of
X, BJ CJ DJ EJF |Ollo2[03|04J05'lX
Functions | Sources
fj MTDDLF^W -IIOSPTTAT,
Technology and Design
12J13!l4J15l.21j22J 23(24)25 3lT32J33J34|35: I
Effects Controls . Remeri»;s j
:, -s.1-.--.. *;•:
5.70
Size Status , Date
"ACRON;YMVV '-:'.'
Soe
aKo
' S| T
ADDRESS: Car'i: •-"!'! .-••.•;ir.io
Park F\c.y:(l ,
Lonrtor,, I'.W.l.O.
Jel.: ._
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
r. K. P. Ball
r. W. McNicol
Function'
AP aims and actions .
Epidemlolo£;ical studies in-relation to chronic chest
diseases and atmospheric pollution in London.
Comments :
MospiV-al
5-70
395
-------
SB 113 ACD!^|B C|°|E F 01 02[0304J05|l1 1?|l3 1416 21J22J23 2412/31132133 34 36 L MJ ^j 1 2J3^ 5-70 - | s| T-
Codfllry' No. Type' Functions . Sources ; Effects Controla Remedies Size | Status Date " |
NAME: EDINBURGH U,. Dept. of Agriculture. ACRONYM:
^ee
also
ADDRESS: Old College,
South Bridge,
EDINBURGH 8.
Tel.; (031) 667.1011
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL j Function
D. Purves |
Dr. J. Mackenzie
i
i
AP aims and actions : Comments :
Studies of trace elements (B, Pb, Cu) in rain water
and soils -around Edinburgh. )
GB.llj". Edinburgh U: Dupt. of Agriculture.- 5.70
£B 11^1 A^D^I Bl cl Di E|F I01 02i03iM05'11'12!13!14 15-21|22 ^l?*'25!31!32!3^34'35' Ulyi S ^[y\3 '"TO- -'1s ^'
Country' ' No. |Type| Functions | Sources \ EHccts ' Controls | Rcmeclins | Size Status Date " ' \
NAME: EDINBURGH -UNIVERSITY, School :,:' Architectural Studies ACRONYM:
See •;.,.-••-
also
ADDRESS: Old College,
South Bridge,
EDINBURGH 8.
Tel.: . (031) 667.1011
AFFIL:
Title : PERSONNEL ' Function
Prof. C.B. Wilson
Dr . • ,] . Morgan
j
i
1
i
AP aims and actions:
Studies of air flow around buildings and over towns for
the better, design and location of new buildings.
Comments:
Has created informal group of "Exo-
erts on the Built Environment"
| from schools of Architecture,
| Geography .Civil Eng'g, Urban
, Design, etc.
j Plans conference on this in Edin-
; burgh in 1971.
GB.114 Edinburgh University, Sch. of Architectural Studies
3.70
396
-------
CoJRlry'
115
N'D.
ACD
Type
f<\
B
D EF
Functions
1415
Sourc«»
Effects
Controls, , Bem«dl6s Bin Status1] Data
8 T
NAME: EDINBURGH U, Dept. of Botany
ACR
ADDRESS: Old College,
South Bridge,
EDINBURGH 8.
Te).:
AFFIL:
66-7.1011
Title
Dr.
also
PERSONNEL
W. Elythe
Function
Lecturer
AP aims and actions:
Studies o;f pollen and respiratory diseases.
Comments:
GB.115
iiGJAcnlj
-4-r. ^4 -- '.
CoJritry" | Np. |Typej Functions
Edinburgh U: Dept. of Botany
Effects
3-70
Sources
Controls
Rc-modiiis | ., Sue
Status | Date | |
NAME;:-
im^H' UNTVERSTTY, 'Depart^r:t.. of
ACRONYM :
ADDRESS: ilirn School Yards,
Kill 1NR.
Tel.: 03D 667.1011
AFFIL: w. of Edinburgh
'also
Title : ^PERSONNEL
Dr. A. J. Crosblo
assisted by:-
Mr-s. i N. J. Crosbie
Mi-. J. H. A. Dick
Function
senior research assistant
'research assistant
'total 4 PAP -» 1 Student
AP aims and
Survey of
actions :
ambient AP in Edinburgh as function of
topography, temperature, meteorology and categories
of fuel(usage, with aid of computer.
Studies'or local sea mist and pollutants.
Comments:
Interest in regional pollutant
inventories, changes brought
about by legislation, and,
the significance of AP for;..
urban planning.
GB.116 Edinburgh University, Dept. of Geography
3-70
397
-------
GB .. . 117 ACD X) B c D E F 01 0203|o4|g£|n
12 13)14 16
CoJntry' " No. Type Functions Sources ] Effects
21 22J 23 24J2^ 31J32J33 34 35 L M| ft 1 2\jt 5-70 S J
Controls Remedies Size Status Date.. '
NAME: LANCASTER COLLEGE OP TECHNOLOGY ACRONYM:
ADDRESS: Science Department,
Cross Hill.,
LANCASTER.
Tel.: . 66215
AFFIL:
See
also
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL ' Function
Francis Turner Head of department
AP aims and actions:
Study of the relative importance of marine and urban
sources of airborne salt particles with reference
to the respirable fraction. Includes.the
determination of size distribution and chemical
composition and the correlation of results with
meteorological factors.
Comments:
GB.ll? Lancaster College of Technology
5-70
GB, !11S
Country No.
ACD:A[ BJC DJEJF J0l!o2lo3,04j05 ll'12'l
3J14J15 21J2223|24|25
Type, Functions | Sourcns Effects \ Controls
31J32J33
Reme
34! 35, L
dies |
NAME: LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, Department of Environmental Sciences.
ADDRESS: University House, . T
M ft
. ..!..-
Size
1 2
Statu
1 fi.71 I sj T
, .L
s Date |
ACRONYM:
See
also
itle PERSONNEL
Function
Jelj
AFFIL:
LANCASTER.
•65292
Mr. P. Larsson ,Lecturer
Dr. ' R. A. Mansfield 'Biology Dept.
AP aims and actions :
Studies of radiation climatology with reference to
atmospheric pollution in North West England.
Use of radar meteorology and constant-level balloons to
follow dispersion.
Studies of the effects of pollution on vegetation.
Comments:
GB.118 Lancaster University, Dept. of Environmental Sciences
8.71
398
-------
CoJntry' , No.
ACD
Typa
C 0 EF
Functions
EKtcts
Controls
RamediM Size
M'Jl-nl Ls-ll
Statin"] P'ta I ( .
NAME: L'DKDON UNIVERSITY. Imperial College of Sci . and Technology
Department of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics.
ADDRESS: Rrlrice Consort Road,
DONTJON S.W.7.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
01.509.5111
ACRONYM:
Saa
alia
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
Function
.N.P.W.Moore
Reader
AP aims and actions: ' Comments:
Experimentt.il and analytical studies r,r t.hc compression- j
ignition of fuel-air mixtures \r\<.-. bHI nr the '
.Identification and measurement of liyirocarbons and j
hydrocarbon derivative in the ex\\n\\.-.\,z of compression-j
ifrnltion engines, including• dua 1- I'••'<: Lied systems. '
(IS
jl.'O lA'D^
'
London University, Imperial College of Sc. and Tech
i I ! ! , i .!. I..! ! I " "I _!..l.^l_.i-j -jL.L.L-L .L_l . I. .
02i03|04 OS'11 12:13
Country' i No. [Type. Functions j Sourci;n
Effects
Remedies [ Size
X
Status
8.71
Date
NAME:
' i1-. Imperial
i/tiemical EM
•, <: ..:" Science -aid TV'!i
-•i-ii:j- und Chemical 'i
ADDRESS: • Ivlin'.-.' ''onsort Hoad,
L. oi i DO:. .:.;w Y.
Tel.; '"J-O ';^-
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. 'M. J. C. Wiluon
Function
settlor lecturer-
AP aims and actions:
Development of l'l;tiiie photometric meth.^d for1 measurement i
ol1 very low i.-oncentrutioriS oi" i;iili'!r/r compounds in airj
Development or method of measuring acid particles with I
thin metal platen. . j
Studies oi' l|.he removal oi' atmospheric pollution by nat- ;
ural pruuqcat'^. |
Recponse'of the human body to pollution, iiu.il. odours.
Comments:
I
GB,120
London U. Imp. Coll. Sci. & Tech.
8.71
399
-------
CoOiitry'~ No.
' 121
•ACD A \)t C D
Type Functions
01020304.05
Sources
Effects
Controls
25 3l|32[33J34|35
Remedies
Size
Status • Date
NAME: LONDON UNIVERSITY, Imperial College of Sci. and Technology
Department of Mathematics
ADDRESS: Prince Consort Road,
-LONDON S.W.7.
Tel.: _
~AFFii.7
(01) 589.5111
ACRONYM:
Set
also
PERSONNEL^
R. S. Scorer
Function
|Professor of Theoretical
'Mechanics.
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
Studies of air pollution and meteorology, with particular Actr, as consultant in public
reference to the use of dispersion equaUons and the enquiries for new power stations,
use of photography. I refineries etc.
GB.121 London Uni versify, Imperial o
Gfi |lgg ACDi*jB c DJE IF Ioi'o2nsio4|o5!yl[i2!i3|i4 15
Country ' ~[ No.: Type'f Functions | Sources Effects
ollepe of _Sc. S: Trd.. 8.71
|2l|2* 23J24 jsbl tebsWsS! L yl1 S l|y|3 5.70 S|T
i— 1 I— ' r 1 " '
i Controls ] Rcmedii's ] Si7C Status Date
NAME: .LONDON UNIVERSITY, School of Hygiene and Tropical Mtdicine ACRONYM:
Department of Occupational Health
ADDRESS: Keppel Street,
'LONDON W.C.I.
Tel.: . (01) 6-;6.86j6
AFFIL:
1 Title
!'rof.
• Dr.
1
See
also
PERSONNEL Function
iH.S.F. Schilling Head of Dept.
S.A. Roach Header
AP aims and actions : Comments :
Environmental studies of the textile and asbestos Main i- •• ;>liasis on industrial hygiene.
industries.
Development of methods for measuring air contaminants.
GB.122 London U., Sen. of Hyg. & Trop. Med; Dept. Occup. Hlth.
5-70
400
-------
Cfi I] 123 ACDJX] B] e| D| E|F |oi|o2J03|o4|o5|y(
CoJntry ""j| No. |Typej Functions | Sources !
j i
12 13 14 15
LlL.1
Effects
21J2^|24J25|3l[32J33|34|35| L|^|S l|X|a 5.?OJ \-S\ T
Controls ] Remedies | Size Status. Date j ' ' f •
NAME: LONDON UNIVERSITY, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. ACRONYM;
Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology *,** . •' ," v
ADDRESS1: Cower Street,
LONDON W.C.I.
Tel.: ^ 01.636.8636
AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL j Function
D.D. Reid
J.R.T. Colley
Director
Senior Lecturer
AP aims and actions:
Surveys of respiratory conditions in children from
different social and local'onviroiimcnts with emphasis
on air pollution.
Comments:
Sponsored by the Tobacco Research
Council.
C-S
GB.123
| i£'ii A en'yj BJ cj oj EJF
Country | No. jTypej Functions
London U. , Sch. of H.y,.. & Trnp. Med; Dept. Mod. Statistics 5.70
\ 1i;i2!13!l4|l5:21l22i23J2XJ2531J3233'34!35 L M) -9J 1 MS) fi. ?.TJ,
Sire . | Status | Pate {
Sources
Effects
Controls
ftamcrti
4'i.i
NAME: LOUP-OH ii, Tmperi.'il fv-.llo.^r: of Science and Tecl'iiiolor.y
DepL. o!1 Civil Enginceriti^
ADDRESS: Pritice •\moort Road,
LONDON SW '(.
ACRONYM:
Soa
tilso
Tel.
AFFIL:
(oi)
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
pp. R. I'eri'.y
• D. II. Cromptofj
AP aims and. actions: '' ' '
Studies o;f the ,1'orm.-,tion of polyoyelic aromatics arid
carcinogenic cnbctaiices by pyrolysis during combustior
and in industrial processes.
Measurements (and analysis) of AT in urban streets.
Comments:
; London; tl. Imp,, oil,-. Sfti'; '
Gtvll"
101
-------
GB
Country' "
125
No.
Type
D|E|F J01J02J03J04J06|11|12J13[l4[l6[2l[22J23J24[2
-------
SB
Coifhtry" "
NAMtE:
127 ACD|^|B c
No. Typ«] FMH
D| C f Ol|o2J0304|oj 1l|l^|l3 14 15
»ioM Souths Effects
21)22) 23J 34) 25 3l|32| 33] 34
36 L MJIJ1 2 1/ 1 8'. 71 s T
Comreta tanwdies Sin | Bm»t | OMB '
UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, Department of Botany ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS
TeJ.:
: NEWCASTLE -UPON -TYNE 1.
28511
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
A.W. Davison
0. L. Gilbert
Function
Lecturer
AP aims and actions:
Studies of fluoride contamination of plants around a
new aluminium smelter and on T.ynoside generally.
Similar studies of zinc uptake by plants, and tho value
of vegetation as biological indicators for pollution.
Comments:
OH. 127 University of Newcastle-Upori-Tyne, Dept. of Botany g 71
flB |l28 JACD;X| BJCJOJ E |F J01)02J03JO
-------
GB
CoiJnlry"'
129|ACDJ/|B|c|D|E
No. |Type| Functions
NAME: PORTSMOUTH COLLEGE
F 01|02J03|C4|05|11
j Sources 1
Effects
2l|22J23|24|25|3l|32|33|34J35| L M| SJ 1 2J3 5.70] s| T
Controls | Remedies j Size | Status Date |
OF TECHNOLOGY, Dept. of Biological Science ACRONYM:
See
i also
ADDRESS
Tel.:
: Hampshire Terrace,
PORTSMOUTH,
Hampshire.
21371
AFFIL:
Title ! PERSONNEL Function :. ;
Mr.
F.N. Haynes
AP aims and actions:
Research into the effect of air pollui inn on lichens
with particular reference to the New Forest and
Southampton water areas.
Measurement of the absorption of air pollutants by belts
of forest.
Comments:
GB
Country
GB.129 Portsmouth College of Technology, Dept. of Hiol. Science.
130 'ACD /I Bj CJDJEJF iflllo^OSJIMlosin'^'ialMllB^^^ 23(^2!
5.70
No. jType
Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
]
Remedies
'I'JxlMil i.?j j:
Status | Date | ' f
NAME:
READING UNIVERSITY, Department of Geography.
ADDRESS: Whiteknights Park,
READING,
Berkshire.
84601
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
M. Parry
Function
ISenior Lecturer
AP aims and actions :
Meteorological factors affectinK dispersion of AP
in Reading.
Measurements of air pollutants jn streets.
Comments:
Cooperated with British Petroleum
(GB.084) in their Reading
Survey - 1966.
GB.130 Reading University, Department of Geography
8.71
-------
OB 131 ACD ft\
-•CoUntryr "• No. Type .,
B C D E F J0l|o2|rj8|o4|o6jl/J121314|l6
Functions Source* > Effects
21J22J23242B3l|32|33|34
»yHs|i|?|3-|5.7o| |S|T
Controls Remedies Site (• Stilus -!| 0«te •\s~; • ••£••..• ••
NAME: ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL MEDTCAt SICHOOL • " ' ' ' . ; .fcf^yj&i; ., .. ,J.;'.J.. •,
•Department of Clinical Epldeiniblogy:,ah(i-'So61al M&licine . ' jSSS'rf;?-*^"^*?-/- .: -':-- ••••'; -•
ADDRESS: LONDON S.fe.l.
.Tel.: 01.928.9292 •
AFFIL :
Titfe
Prof.
PERSONNEL
W.W. Holland
J.R.T. Colley
4 graduate staff
+ 6 full time ass
Function . -!
Director,. '•
.stants
AP aims and actions: i; Comments:
(1) Study of respiratory symptoms of-a sample of young : (2) being carried out in. cooper-
families in N. London chosen from different envir- I atlon with local Medical .
onments and social classes. \ Officers of Health.
(2) Study of respiratory disease and lung function in I
school children In Kent living in areas with diffe-,
rent levels of pollution. \
*a
Country'"
NAME:
GB.1"7-! St. Thomas's liospJtal
ii3£ lA'HJ'/Jf'j^jC DjE |F bltzpte J35.11
, No. |Typo : Functions j Sources
Medical
U b ['-»|6-
EHecte" -
School, Dept. of
^^S&W^^
~ ConiFola -«J flemedivs
. v. Soc. Med. 5-70 .1
*ft.W?.JLI^lf?^" SJT..
••} -Size - |St«tus -lOate |-
IMTVEDSTTY OF SALFORD, .cj8k)
i Title
'.Prof.
"f Dr.,
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
..-,.. . «lstf^-*--" '•'•:.. ' •'•: .•••--, -•_ :•.--..
function
AP »ims.end actions:
•Measui^emeiits of smoke and SO;-
in industrial areas.
Comments:
Courses OP. AP for industrial, local
authority and public health groups.
GB.1J2 Salford U. Dept. of Environmental Studies
•8.71
405
-------
CB llJltJACDJA
Cojntry ( No. Ijypel
B|C|O| E F. JQl|c^io3J04|Os|l1
Functions | Sources |
:2J13
EHec
14|lB
s
2l| 2^ 23J 24J2SJ$lfJ!|2| 33J 34J 3fi
Controls | -Remedies
L
NAME: SHEFFIELD, UJ, Dent, of Fuel Technology. and Chemical .Eng'g.
ys|i|'2|?jS;?ij js
Size | Status ( Date | j
T
ACRONYM: .. ,
See.
also
ADDRESS: Newcastle Street,
SHEFFIELD 1,
Title
PERSONNEL
Prof. | J.-M. Beer
Dr. ! E. RothweDl
Dr. JA..B.
Function
Head of Department
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Tel.: 78555
AFFIL:
L>L . M. . o. neu-Ltz.y
Dr. D. J. Brown
1
1 + students
i
i
I
Jj~. r;cn in combustion
systems.
0 Condensation or sulphuric acid on metal surfaces.
,° Filtration of ooros'oln.
• •." Sl.al'!Jli::at LiHi oi J'OfO am! :icr>*:;oL; b.v ."/>... cuid NO..-
I Comments :
I'r-jin .';,•L. of Preventive Medicine & Public Health 5-70
406
-------
CoJmry | No. [Type
Functlont
Effeeta .
2i|2a|2i|^aijai|3B|ai|ai{M| L|M|S| i|XN5. 70
Control»-:--B»te«diB« | SJia rStBtdy.TDa'te"''
NAME: SHEPPTE3J),UNIVERSITY, Geography Department
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL:
SHRPFTELD.. 1.
0742.78555
ACRONYM:
OB.039.rfln..O'.-o
' Title . PERSONNEL
..... ^_i
Prof A. Garnett
i Function
Emeritus Prof.
I total: 6 P/MP j
1 post gradual.*
AP aims and actions:
Survey of SOp and smoke in Sheffield with particular
e'-eiir.'1 to topography and meteorolopy
! Comments:
'vc.'i' was bi In/' do no under c::)rit.rac't.
to V.'iri'cn Spring laboratory
fr;n.()''•); n-iw sponsored by 'las
'.'oiir.'-il ('iH.O'iO) and others.
HB.l'/j Sheffield University, Geography Department-/' •. 5-70
I,
Cl'i
Country
NAME:
1'fi !/<<'Tr A B.Cl-DiEiF t
- ... :./ 1 L L 1 . ! . .'
No. Type • Functions
j ~
Sources
'Effects
WrrYF.P.STTY OF STJ1ATI!CT,YnK, Dept. of
Controls . |
nnr<: and
ApplJ''
32,
Ror
;d
33 -34 35 L
nedies |
'Rhem.
M: ^
Size
1
2\r
Status.:
o. ri • Sj T
Date. .i. "|. .'.
ACRONYM :
See
also
ADDRESS: CLASiXJV.1, f:.l
Tel.:
"AFFIL:
(041) 552.'1100
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. V.'.
Function
Senior f/ecturer
AP aims and actions: ' • | Comments:
Studies ol' the formation of nitrogen oxides In internal '
combustion engines.
Construction of computer programmes for the prediction •
., of-stack heights.
Rembvtil of sulphur from p,as and oil fuels. •
CB.136 University of Strathclyde, Dept. of Pure and-Applied Chem. 8.71
407
-------
6fc
Country
NAME:
ADDRESS
Tel.:
"APRIL?
137 ACD f | B| c| o E F oi|oa|<)a|o4Jo6|ii|i?|i3|u|iB
No. Type Function* Source* | Effect*
21J22J23|24)j8|3l|32|3^34|3e| L M d l| 2\jf\ 5.70) j s| T
Control* 1 Rem«4lM ~ I Sin | Statu* ' | Data ( J .
UNIVERSITY OP STRATHCLYDE,' Departirtnt of Geography r {-ACRONYM: .'*'
GLASGOW C.I
(041) 552.4400.
.Tltte'
Mr.
Mr.
|S«i
Btoo
PERSONNEL Function
0 . Jones'
M.R. Moss '
Assistant lecturer
AP aims and actions:
1 Comments:
Studies of the effects of SOp pollution on vegetation : Practical work finished; Uv-sis
around Milford Haven. . p -in preparation. ;
Studies of the effects of emissions from iron and stor-l
works on coniferous trees.
i:n.i:<7 University of Strathclyde,
UB l1^ ACD Al B; c,! D! E!F '01 02i0304o6 v(:'2!i3!i4li
Cuuntry , No. .Type Functions Sources
Effects
NAME: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE- UPON -TYT'E, Dept
Dept. of Geography
5 21 222324'253l'32!33J34J36' L M t
Controls | Remcdios i Size
:>f Tndno:.rlal Hfalt1'
5.70
•1J2J>"j.70 :S r
Stetua Dn'e
ACRONYM:
See
ulso
ADDRESS: MKWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE
Tel.:
"AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
Prof. R.C. Browne
Function
Niiffield Professor
AP aims and actions : j Comments:
Study of .fumes from welding processes and Inorganic dustj ';Small part of larye research pro-
contamiriation, with particular reference to asbestos, ' gramme on engineering.
and associated health effects. ! ,
GB.138 •University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Dept. of Industrial Health 5.70
408
-------
_loms.
'Comments:
HI'.. 1.39 ' lliiivcrsi I1. • r V.'n,le:j, '.Jni vor:-'i..v College, Min:r:;r Depart'-mcuf, • i
Sniirci'U Effects Controls j Remedies , Sue j Status I Palo
S t
NAME: UHTVERSTTY OF WALES, '•'.•'\z.\\ IJaMonnl Rt-o ! :,f
D"porLm(.nt of Social -in..! nfi:np;itl onnl ['•'.•. i ;.• i HE-
ADDRESS : '!'i. Paracl",
Tel:: '::i',77
AFFIL:
ACRONYM-f-
See
iitso
Title PERSONNEL
l'rr>l'. ''.!(. I.owe
Function
of rlunartmer
arii.1
AP aims and actions: .Comments: . ', < ••
Studicr; 'U' r-jspi r,-i Loyy svmptomatol "i. y amongst stpel. - Work carried .oui. on a NulTU-ld '•
wofkcrs 1-i-l.ati tl Lo atmospheric p^l.luLton and smokMi/- Foundation grant 1^6'4-C1'. ''
habii.s.
Associated measurements of pan,: cnj;j t.i- arid gaseous
pol lutant.n in and around a steelworks (S02 'nnd pai-L.i-
culatos). '
Studies 'if the <1 iatrLlMit i :-.n :->i' liolipns in relation in ;
atmospherjc pollution in and around a steelworks.
GU.l'IO University :>f' ivaJ:;-, Wels>i National Schoot-of Medicine
5-70"' -'
409
-------
KB _ \\k\
Country i No. Type
[D| E[^F |o
tions \.
B C
Functions
Source's
EffocU
Controls
Remedies
LJ^sl. 1 J 2
Sir« J StatOs
S T
NAME: tTN-TVERSTTY'OF WALES, Institute of Science and Technology
ACRONYM:
ADDRESS: Department of Applied Biology,
Cathays Park,
PAUDTFF
Tel.:: 'I:"'"'-'
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Prof. ; R. W. Edwards
allo OB. 0?1
Function
Head of Department
R. ,1. H. Will1am?Lecturer
I
f 2 Post-doctorate students.
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
• years fi'-'m Decemb':r, l')f''i;
Survey of pollution damar.i.- in deciduous woodlands near ' National Environment Research
fn'l-plant, indhdiri/'- in-.-inurement, of louncll ('IB.031) ,';ran». for '
,e d'-pooit on leaves and ''CH by ''orros i on
of :.;rii.' cans.
ui'vc.v i''f v-pielai.'inn dami;*e around i large :;t,'.;f
\i\ th p.'irticular1 refprvnrie to SOp.,damage of-
il< iM'iuoii" plnntfi t,i ons.
.••>••• • • -• : ..<•'• -"-:.:"• '-.-• •• • -. '• . • v •.- • • -• ' .
V:GI3.l'll"-, '.'nlve/oi i .v. J.f W;ll;o:;, Ins I i tut.; otv.Suleriyi-, ,-md Tt-chnulo^y'' 't>.'7-
^1 s f l' 'l- ' ! :
,.1B I ^i;1 AisD f BC, Dj^f!6v02 030405 11 12ll3^4ll5'?.1 22 23'24l-25 31 3/33' 34,35: L M! tfill 2Jy u:7ft
- . ./ . I ':i . '-^-/' •. i . -- ' . ' - ;. •_. , / . , M ; ..**.•.- • • • i .. . . *-' I--. I -i J'*,TV
' rciis Effects 6oiilrola . | flomedios | 'Size- | Status | Palo
NAME :
T,OUTY>N \n-TVEnSTTY,: Ou<-nn U-.r.y
I1 |-;i rl,R,r-ni. il' Mi-oli.iii i'i'a'1 Mrn'ln
Collorc.- , .; . ^, '-:.'-'
tierlrn.' '*• '-••""">A%^--^. ', ,; ..'.; .
ACRONYM: . , . • ,,.
See . , . t ' ,••,
also - . • •;• , : ' '•„•••
ADDRESS: Mil- End l-:oad,
' ' LOL'DON R.I.
Tel.. 01.'
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL .-,
'—•''"-- ""'"
Prof. M.w. Thrl ''..'.
Prof. K. v'.;Lef«yre
Mr. .P. ,T.v-Wantall;
Function
AP aims and actions:
Stud i <•:• :>!' '.'..imbust i on ni'd i ti1' i rcrat i on.
Comments:
London iliiivorsi ty: Queen Mary College
5-70
410
-------
OR ! IVjlACDJ X| Bi C| Dl E!F MwHHHV
Country j No. |Type| Functions . | Sources. I
12J13 14J16[2l|2d23J24)26 31 32J33J34
Effects [ Controls .; Remedle.
NAME : BRIGHTON POLYTECHNIC ' i '
'i-'' •' \ ,
ADDRESS: Department of CJvll Englneer-
"' i ng and Building,
Tel: r,7v:.0'l
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. Baddrley
Mr. ' .1. Lewis
MlLJMjjrhjjIajtl.VOJ JS[ T
• Slit [.Status ] Date 1 , '
.. , ACRONYM: .; ,.,;v;'-:
.." •?"•:.'.
Function
AP aims and actions :
l. s •><' mt .•;.-,urabl, .• r/'.-ats of p:>! l.ut.ion rm
tli V'nfl,lcii].Tr ref.vvpnf.o to ^Tfc'.jl.s of ai.i.
ifc i .'M" on ilri •.••.•rif! nr\i\ Sf'-> on I I'onchJ tir. s
Comments:
'
i.;n I'i'l AT.D A: B: C. D- E,F pi 07^3 04 05 11 IzlsuilB 2V22 23|24!25'31 ^33 34 36
Country No Type 'Functions .'• Snufq.'S EHects .Contfola [• Humedios
L: MJ %• \ . 2 j Jf*j 5,-?1
Si^a, |>Statu» [ Ort'o
NAME.
rT,YMoirr;! r.ou.r^r, OF rr:nn
VirOfiY! 'Dec-'irLin' nt '' M''.-eli. Riir'i1.
ACRONYM ••.&..;.
See. . ; ' •• ; ./
uiso ' :
ADDRESS: I
Tel.:
AFFIL!
Title
Mr'.
Mr.
PERSONNEL
Function': -
AP aims and actions:
on i,ht- effect of p'.-tr •>!
emissions.
i Comments: J.v
. Ion on automot. i ve Troject not .yet .ac'tlve-'but .far]
• Li tics bt-Jng ob.talned.
OB.
Plymouth Coller.'j c^f Technology, Dept. .of Mech. Eng'g. ' '
5.70
-------
SB
Country ; No. Type
Functions
D| EJF |oi|o2|b3[tM
ions [ Sources
02 03 04108 111213
. Effects
Controls
Remedies [ Siie Statue Date
•NAME: UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, Dept. of Geography
ACRONYM:
also
ADDRESS
Tel:
AFFIL:
South Itond,
DUH1IAM,
Co. Din-ham.
..
Title _| PERSONNEL
Prof. 'w. n. Fisher
|
-
r Function •',;••
AP aims and actions:
Studies of ;>ir-pollution in relation to wer«Ui
-------
GB
Country '
No.
ACD
Type
Functions
Sources
Effects
Control*
Remedies1 Sizti. .Status Date
_Ki
NAME: COLLEGE OF FUEL TECHNOLOGY
ADDRESS: 90 Talbot Road*
Hlghgate,
LONDON N.6
Tel:
(01) 340.6-J7?
^ Jitle _j ^PERSONNEL j '* •, ;, .V friction
Mr. . A. Coe
i . .-^
i Priricslpal:';'
APFIl. :
AP aims and actions: | Comments:
Training coJl'^e for all asp'-cts :>(' fuel techno Lory. Was oji'-ratiri/:-LrOilr.ir;/! sclipmc- for
Operates technical information j;o vice to looal author!- l!Tlili'.'Vi(OH.'6l'ti)V6ut^fJTFRS 'ir>v;
ties and pro-Miles consultancy service when
] rod.
v.'ithdrawn 't'rn
f.7'0
fife
Country
NAME:
'l'iM
i No.
11.
AftD f
jType:
. Functions
SOUTHAMPTON,
F (jH
TII^
02J0304Q4 11
Sources
I i
12;13'14
.
Effects
15'21i2223J24!253l'32J33!34
Controls , flcmcclie
35; tV s
3 I Size
i.. of .".ound and .Vil'rnti on nesearoli
Status | Date ' ;
i T
ACRONYM : T fi 'V H '
See
illSO
ADDRESS: || !,-nf ^ Id,
SOITIIAMTTON.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
(0703) r3'.'122
' Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Prof. B. L. Clarkson
Prof. .I. B. Large
Prof. ,T. Priede
1
vibration
acoustics
engines
AP aims and actions:
Wide-ranging research into tlic causes of noise and vib-
ration in engineering; studies of the effects of eng-
ine dfjsjf;n variations on noise control.
Comments:
Leading British centre for UiJs sort
of work. Supported' by enrimerinp;
and oil companies;'associated with
BTCERI
GO.148 U. Southampton, I S V R
8.71
413
-------
1149 [ACD
Hintry 1 No: |Typ«
Country
NAME: UNIVERSITY OF ASTON, Chemical toglneerlng Department
ADDRESS: nost.a fireen,
PTRMINfiHAM 1.
Tel.:
'AFFH.7
55<>.36ll
ACRONYM:
_Thl» i PERSONNEL
Prof. |0. V. Jeffreys
Dr. id. Temple
• ''. •'• .Function
-••-v^- - .
Head of Dept.
AP aims and actions:
Studies of mixture distribution In rasoline-carburetted
engines,.and offocts on CO emissions. .
The effect'vone.is of catalytic exhaust mufflers for
reducing; vehicle omissions.
Undertaking some work on oomrnlrslon
for H>IC (GB.07?) and Esso: (OB.083)
SB. l'l«). University of Aston, Chemical Engineering Dept.
611 !•',(> ,". "> AJBiCjDjE f ;01 020304!06:11!12!l3!l4J^;2»|22]23j24!25j3lj32|l33J34|36l L'^J&J 1 |/J3J ?'.Vlj- • j-SJ T
"Country No. .Type Functions Sources Effects • Controls I Remedies I Siio | St«tiis | Date ; .
.NAME: . ^lATiiiS1 ;.\-C)p W-! -•;';vi-:'7. itep
Toll ition Kfr."oar>^i ''--i'
ADDRESS: ;.;•:'• entitles !,nl3i)i: .:•,
Oxi-.'ixi Hoad,
Tel.: • ('-'WO- rO.'^>-0
AFFIL:
.. o" Rconomlc.'.- ACRONYM:
Title
Dr.
Dr.
Mi-.
Mr.
• \ ..
Sod
Also
PERSONNEL Function
N. Lee director
II. Hotn.:..',n 1 ' ,
.j . McLo'uchlln
C. Wood
AP aims and actions: . Comments:
Studies-of the socltl and economic 'Speuts of, pollution. Contract wJtli Science Research Col;
(health, material damaCe, ei.c). : (CD.0^0) r.i.d Socl-,1 Coienceh Res.
Forecasting IrenJs of known polluMon' problenfi; predlct-j Council (at least till 19/P). .
ing new problems: definite wtiert iiirther research i:; • Uridertakea no technical woi'k Itseli';
required. information from discussions and
Assesslnr. costs of i.ecl>ril'.-ul ijonti\.l3. i literature.
Quantitative survey of waste rener'titlon and. disposal In ;
Manchester area to. provide basis for forecasting eff- , . .
ects and requirements. ' .
GU.rjO
U.
Pollution Research Unit
-------
ftB ; 1(>1. j ACDJ£|_B cjo j E
Country . No. |Type| Functions
F 9HJ02[o3J04|o8J1l|l2|lS|l4J18|21J2ZJ23J24|2BJ31 137|33 34
Sources | Effect* | Controls j Rcmedio
38 L M ? l|2JXJft.71 S T
i Size Status j Date
NAME: UNIVERSITY. OF TWTSTOT,, Pupt. of Inorganic Chemistry ACRONYM:
ADDRESS: BRISTOL 8.
Tei . (oyy?) 24161
AFFIL:
•. . • See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. ,0. Nicklcss
|
!
i
Function
AP aims and actions:
Studies im.o tin use of catalysts for roduulni?
n;-,I. emission.'?.
: Comments:
fiB
Country
NAME:
;:,*. ibl
'\y ACD
Mi). . Type
HITVERC
I!. Bristol
Aj B CjD, E F 01
Functions "
TTY OF OXFORD
, Dept. of Tnon
020304,05 11
. . 1 _.
Sources
l^lis'l*
Effect*
ariic Chemjutt1;, 8.'?!
15 21 22 23i24'25.31 32!33 34 35' L M: Jf VZl^M.yl S . T
' | i ' 'J
Controls | Ri:nnjilics |. SUB J Status j Djtc
, IVyartment r>f ".'j'~l',' ,v
ACRONYM:
See
.ilso
ADDRESS:
Tel..
AFFIL'
(0865)
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Dr. II. L. Kfttlewcll
Di'. K. I.. Creed
Mr. .P. I;. r..-<-s
AP aims and actions:
Studies of the evolutionary changes Jn the colour of
lepidoptera and coleoptera brought about by local
smoke concentrations.
Observations of changes jn the distr'lbutlon of rtpsses
and lichens ilnn to air pollution.
! Comments :
r.n.152 U. Oxford,
nt. of-
8.71
415
-------
ftB 153JACDMB|c|D E|F Ioi|o20304|o5|ii
Country No. |Type| Functions { Sources |
lX|l3 14J15J21J22|23j24J263ll3233|34[35 L|M| tf\ 1 2 I 3^1 8. 71 si T
Effects \ Controls Remedies Size ~\ Status ~| Dato
NAME : UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, Forestry Department . ACRONYM :
See
also
ADDRESS: South Parks Road,
OXFORD.
Tel.: (O86ri) 37891
AFFIL~:
Title
""Dr. ]
Mr.
PERSONNEL Function
1 ' :
T. W. Tins ley ;
R. <\. Pawsey i
i
AP aims and actions :
Studies ol' tvl'.c> oITocts of air1 pollution on tho spread Rc-Sf^arch cuppor-Led by NKjfr (Gl.i.O^l)
Comments:
and development of forest d Ist-asi'S, especiflly fungus '.
apore.s.
I!. Oxford, [''or1"::.liy Dept..
••.•'..-,.'. I
GB I'.'l ACD /i B!clDi E'.F !OV02.03|0405 1112 13'l4ll5
.... . , ..' . 1 1 1 . 1 1 I 1 i . .. . •
Cou'niry No 'Type: Functions .Sources Effects
NAME: tn.:TVERSTTV OF OXFORD, DepL.'o
ADDRESS: OXI'-OUn.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
2V22 23i3*l?i 31 22W34
I . . i ...
Controls hcrncdio:
' Atmbnphor.1 o Phys os
Title
Dr.
35. L M!^| 1 i 2 1' '•' '.71 i Si T
I Size Stntus j Dato , '.
ACRONYM:
See
>ll30
PERSONNEL . Function
.1 . T. Mought on
AP aims and actions:
Measurement of the radiative properties of cloud, fog
and haze, and the effects of these on climate.
Comments:
Supported by NERC (CB.031).
GB.
U. Oxford, Dcpt. of Atmospheric Physics
8.71
416
-------
LD5|ACD|X]B[c|DJE[F
Country j No. [Type] Functions
Sources
. „
EH«cl«
Control*
31J32 33|34|36
Remedies
Status iDilB
NAME: UNTVEnSTTY OF NOTTINGHAM, School of Agriculture
Dept. or Physiology and Environmental Studies
ADDRESS: University Park,
NOTTTNf.llAM 7.
Tel.:
AFFIL.
Title PERSONNEL
. _..j. _ . -_
Prof.iJ. L. Montfith
ACRONYM:
Sea
also
Function
AP aims and actions: ; Comments :
Measur.'in.- ni n or th' off PC Is of air pollution on th' In- i
com1 of £;)iort.-w?ive rail ! .it, i on nl. l.h'.' surface of t.h"
carl M Find on radiation lui Uiri-v.
U. NotLinrhni", Ijr-pi. ot ... ijw J ronmentii I Studies 8.71
Functions Sources Effects Controls | Rcmi-iliea [ Si/o | Status | Qatn .
Coumry No. :Typo
NAME: DUNDEE limvrnSTTY, Depi . -.r Social and
i onal
ADDRESS: DUNDEE,
Scotland.
Title PERSONNEL
Prnf. A. Malr
ACRONYM:
also
Function
Tel.. V»'.tvj 'J, 10 J
AFFIL:
AP aims and actions :
Tnves-tlgat i on of the incidence of mes:jtlielicnna in
Scotland In connection with the effect of asbestos.
Comments:
Supported by Medical Research Council
GB.156 Dundee H. Dept. nf Social & Occupational Medicine
8.71
-------
Country No. Itype
Functions
Sources
ElUcU
Controli
Ramediaa
12 M 8. n
Sift IStatui JDete
S T
NAME: UNIVERSITY OP CAMBRIDGE, Department of Metallurgy
ADDRESS: CAMBRIDGE.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
51691
ACRONYM:
Sac
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. |T. P. Hoar •
Function
AP aims and actions:
I Comments:
Stuclleu ol' tin? inter-relation of nl.mospheric pollution ' « .Clinirmnn 'if DIM (flH.OO'j) ':ommjtt':o
and mctnl oorroslori. -in rnrr:;:-.i on prot.eot/ion.
C,|j.r37 H. Cambridge, Dept. of Metallurgy
(3B
E,F ,
Coumry No. Typei Functions Sources Effects Controls
O.-modics | Size
Status | Oato
NAME: r-RANPTFLD TKSTTTIJTR OF TFT!INOLOOY,
Dopnrtment of Aircraft 1'ropulsion
ADDRESS: '"ranTield;
BLTFORD.
Tel.:
AFFIL :
ACRONYM:
Seo
ill30
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Prof. :A. II. Ijefebvfe
Dr. T..L;. Smith
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Investigation into moans for reducing NOX emissions from.
.- Kas turbine engines. I
OH. 158 • Cranfield 1nst. ,' Tech. Dept. of Aircraft Propulsion
8.71
418
-------
Country j No. JTypel Functions
NAME: MACAULAY INSTITUTE
°!
02|o3|o4|os[l1
Sources |
1^ [i 3J14 [l6J21J22|23 1 24J25
Effects | Controls
3lj32
Re
33
me
34J35
dies
L
FOR SOIL RESEARCH ..
M|4l|^|3_|8.?l
Size j Status | Date
.Is
T
ACRONYM :
See
also
ADDRESS: Craigicbuckler,
ABERDEEN,
Scotland.
Tel.:
AFFIL"
38611
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
i
Dr. |H. L. Mitchell director
i i
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Tnvesti fat ion oi' lh<_' effects of atmospheric I'b on soilr; •Supported by tin? Dept. of Ac;ri culture
pnd voK^-tnl. ion. . it I'MsheiMoo for Scotland; wo:'k f:o-
onl inat'xl by Agricultural Research
Council (oc-c CB.0^0).
01}. I';'.1 Macaula.v Insl. i tnL'. for Soj'l'Htjsc.-aruli 8.71
ilf? 'A^D Aj Bj CJDj EJF iOl|o2030405|ll'l2J13'l4|l5'21j22!23 ?4!26 31,32|33'34|35 livi'^i'l! ij^JO.71..:
Cou'niry , No. i]Vpe; Functions : Sources Effects Controls nummlioi Size | Status | Date ;
GB
is! T
NAME: IfNTVERSTT/ OP EAST ANOLTA, School i-f Env i ronmontal fie i "rices
ADDRESS-. !!OHV!Tt:ll.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
r/l6l
ACRONYM:
See
>ilso
Title ' PERSONNEL
Dr. r. S. Lins
Function
AP aims and actions:
StudJes of i-,he interchange of gas( o beLween atmosphcri:
nnd ocean.
Comments :
J_
GB.160
U. East Anp;lJ>.i. Cn-.h. of Environmental Sciences
9.71
419
-------
CS 1^9 (
Country • No.
NAME: DR..
DNE *| jl cl °| E|F I^W^H06!11!12!13!1*!1^
Type Function* | Source* [ Effect*
2l|22J23|^)26J3l|32J33)?4J38| L|M|^ l|Xl>|3.70| 1 s| T
Control* | RemedtM | Sli* Status | Date | |
G. NONHEBEL " . ' ' ACRONYM;
..... ......... ... ... ... . .. . . • . gi«, ....... ...
ADDRESS: Woodley Lane,
ROMSEY, •••••• .
Hampshire, S05 8jR
Tel.: Romsey J408
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
•
Function
AP aims and actions :
Comments :
Advice arid assistance with AF; problems, e.g. for plan- | Retired from industrial AT
t1: enquiries for new Industrial plant. '• work;, now a norisultarn-.
Dr. G. Nonhcoel
GH
'170 :TNF Ai^> Ci D, E F 'oi'o2'03^04 06i1i:i2|l3il4!l5|21]22 23:24,'25
. irr.
Country' No. |Type- Functions
. . . «*'l*»'liJ|£l|^
i i : .^_ .. . . : ].. I
Sources Effects . Controls
31 32!33'34;35-^!Ml S /! 2|3; 6.70 ' S; T
Romedios Size { Status '. Datu
NAME: NATIONAL LENDTNO LIBRARY PTin SCIENCE AMD TECHNOLOGY
ADDRESS : Boston Spa,
YOHKSHTRE.
Tel.: ?0"1.
AFFIL:' Department of Educat.ton anr]
Science.
ACRONYM: Mil,
aho
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. D.J. Urquhart
Function
di rector
AP aims and actions:
1'rovides loan service for books and- 'ournals on all
scientific subjects, iricludinr'air pollution.
Comments:
GB. 170 National Lend I n.-v Library for Science and Technology
6.70
420
-------
CO
• — -J--
Country ; No. {Type; Functions
Sources
|l2|l3|l4J15J2l[22J23|24[25 31
Effects I Controls
3233
Remedies | Size'•! Status [-Date,
NAME: (ASSOCIATION OP SPECIAL LIBRARIES OP INFORMATION BUREAUX)_* _
ADD'RESS: 3 Relgrav'e. Square,
LONDON S.W.I.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Department of i.vjucat i :>n arnl
So i once . -:-
: ;.A3LTB
See
also
Title
Mr.
Mrs.
PERSONNEL
L. Wilson
R. Mank
Functid'nr."-, -..
i director
i riformatl-on off'iour-.:"a of tiii-'irii'.-.Tl i nfoim'il.i .>n pr.rl • Always l'i,-.wn by j 1,0-acronym
provides asslstanoi' in C'.l.i.: n,: up lihrar.v, i nfntmat-j -.in
and translation nr-fMrc.-r;. ' !.:::':• s rnnnl.U.y booklJni.s; ^Ir
:H' l,)icsi\", ;jnd unpubl Ished'. t
I .-i i.i ons .'I1- ;i i Jabl(.-. ';•••
Hi). 171 AoLT'i
;H 17^ INF Ai^lCjDi E t/ 01 02030405 11 12!
Country No Type ' Functions Sources Effects
6.-ft
j;21 222324';25;31'3::,33!34i35J Lit/! S 1! 2 I i'\ C>.70.
' Controls Rrmcdies Sue i Status ' Date
AP aims and actions : '.
Comments:
Quarterly .inurnal deal i nr •jmtsptikcn! ,v with nil aspects . First pni.li sh«d December
of envi ronmenLal conservation in p • .n-ocicritJ f i <: terms.
Is. T
NAME:' "YOUR ENVIRONMENT"
ADDRESS: ]_o liodwick Hoad,
I.OMDON ti.W.3-
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
nlso
Title PERSONNEL Function
Mr. David Uoss Joint Editor
Dr. David Jones i Science [Jdltor
i
OP. 17?
6.70
421
-------
. Counter.", . No-JTypo
Aj B| CJ OJ E|F Ol|o2J03|04>05|l1j12|l3|l4]l6j21J22J23J24J26J3V32J;3|34|35
Functions Sources Effects j Controls j. .Rnmeiliea
LMS
Sue
St.-itiis ; P.;it(.'
ADDRESS: Ik-ai1!nr.i.i-"i Hill Mall.
TM.: ,, ('06) <.!\;V
Ai FIL
AP aims'bnr) actions:
ACRONYVI:
Sou
ul3O
Title ' PERSONNEL
-!- 'Atm::;:|i|».r;- :-';iv i
I-c. 'P. '.I. M-. i-
• • f. .W. Kli.r
-- .
Fun' i:iMI
r,l, '
ex-
•. /' LHK.'.-'I" • !•! >: '-'nv . :•••• i
'•'•• i I.[•,•!..(. r-'ir Ph;.::'!'. "I.
• pi,ftt- :;
122
-------
C,R - 1
May 71
GREECE
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
Situated at the southeastern corner of the European continent, Greece
comprises a mountainous mainland and numerous islands in the adjoining seas.
Summers are generally hot and dry, although sea breezes temper conditions
along the rocky coastlines; winters tend to be cold and storr.iy. Much of
the. country is barren scrubland, about 15 percent is forest, and only 25
percent is suitable for agriculture. Nevertheless, the economy is pre-
dominantly dependent on agriculture, especially grain, cotton, olives, and
such exportable high-value crops as tobacco and currants. Other important
activities include fishing and a large merchant marine fleet.
Greeice has become considerably industrialized in recent years, with
oil refineries built at Athens and at Thessaloniki, the site of a petro-
chemical plant. Other industries include textiles, cement, glass, and
shipbuilding. There is growing use of a wide variety of mineral resources,
notably iron pyrites, bauxite, magnesite, and chrome. Apart from some
lignite and hydroelectricity. both increasingly utilized, all fuels are
imported.
The country has a population of about 9 million and administratively
it is divided into 9 departments, with the department of Northern Greece
enjoying special responsibilities. The departments are subdivided into
nomoi (prefectures) and communes. Athens is the capital and largest
city (about 1.5 million people). Its central position and the excellent
port of Piraeus add to its attractiveness for new developments. In
Northern Greece, Thessaloniki (population about 300,000) provides the
second center for industrialization. All other towns.are much smaller.
Political Features
The proliferation of organizations with an interest in air pollution
423
-------
_
May" "71
i-ontrol in tin- l.tst few years Indicates Rrowln^ concern on the part of
slate authorities, rhe sr I ent I f I r community, the press and public opinion
in Cieece. Coord i nated .n l. i v i ty Is developing, especially In the two
main Industrial and social areas, Athens and Thessalonlki, where air
pollution I' roin industry, vehicles, and space heat ing is increasingly
believed to present serious problems.
l'i esent Cont ro 1 s
Al present, there is no legislation whJcli duals comprehens i vely
with the problem of air pollution or which sets air quality standards.
Kx 1st in}.1, regulations are sporadic and mainly of a policing nature:
I. Drivers or owners of motor vehicle's causing air pollution
(emission of smoke or noxious odors) through poor maintenance
o-r poor driving are prosecuted by the police authorities.
To this end, teams of one police officer and one technical
employee of the Ministry of Transportation are empowered
to make roadside checks and to withdraw driving licenses
of violators for 2 to 10 days.
2. The use of diesel engines is permitted only in certain types
of vehicles (large trucks and buses). These vehicles must
meet certain specifications and maintenance standards;
otherwise their owners and drivers are prosecuted by the
police authorities if the vehicles emit black smoke.
3. Owners of space heating burners in houses, hospitals, large
buildings, factories, etc., are required to install smoke-
collecting devices and to maintain their installations
properly. Violators are prosecuted by the police authorities.
4. Industrial emissions, are controlled indirectly and individually
through the granting of operating licenses by the Ministry of
Industry. Applicants for such licenses must specify in their
application their air pollution control measures and equipment
-------
CK - '}
May ~7~1
and must comply with any other additional mmli lions that
may l>e specified by the Ministry.
5. Tlii' sulfur ronu-nt of some oil fuels Is emitrol led:
Automotive clicsel fuel: 1.0 percent maximum
1500-sec. heavy fuel oil: 3.5 percent maximum
3500-sec. heavy fuel oil: 4.0 percent maximum
6. The maximum 1 end content of >',a.->oline is limited to 0.84 grams
lead per liter.
AiIinjnisi.rat ion
There is no special government agency with clear, overall jurisdiction
for air pollution problems. Sucli jurisdiction is scattered among various
departments which occasionally become involved, depending on the nature of
problem. The Ministry of Social Services, for example, may deal with
questions of public lieaith; the Ministry of Agriculture, with questions
pertaining to the protection of flora, fauna and landscape; police author-
ities, with questions of enforcement of regulations; and the Ministry of
Industry with licensing of new industries.
Trends
Although there is at present no Government body with overall responsibility
for matters involving air pollution, there are indications that the Govern-
ment may he planning to establish an Inter-departmental Coordinating Com-
mittee for the Protection of Nature, reporting directly to the Prime
Minister. If so, this organization could develop into an agency to coordinate
activities in the overall area of environmental conservation and health.
It is expected that the maximum permitted sulfur content of automotive
diesel fuel will be reduced to 0.5 percent when the modernization and
expansion of Aspropyrgos refinery is completed. At present, however,
no reduction in the sulfur content 01 the heavier fuels is foreseen.
425
-------
GR - 4
May 71
KKI.ATIONStlll'S AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
Since the conservation effort in Greece has not yet .become fully
organized ;uul since many organizations are new. and .have not begun
actual work, it Is difficult to appraise their role and relationships
to each other at this time. The Ceniki Diefthinsis Igieinis (Directorate r;i<.002
dciu-ral ol I'uhlic Health), which is responsible to the Ministry of Social
Services, and the Genlki Diefthinsis Dason (Directorate General of Forests), GK.UU3
which is responsible, to the -Ministry of Agriculture, are two central :
government groups presently concerned most importantly witli air pollution
problems.
Among other Government organizations, the Ipiresia Kpistimonikis Git. 008
lireynis kai Anaptixeos (IlvKA—Scientific Research and Development Service)
was established in the spring of .1971. This organization could play an
increasingly significant role in coordinating conservation research
activities.
The Technical Chamber of Greece (Technikon Epimelitirion tis Rllados),
which acts as an advisory body to the Government on technical matters of
all kinds, established in 1968 the Epitropi Prostasias tis Atmosphairas ek GR.015
tis Molinseos (Committee for the Protection of the Atmosphere from
Pollution). This Committee of professional scientists and engineers is
studying the problems of air pollution in the Athens area. A report on
vehicle emissions has already been issued. Measurements of ambient air
pollution are also being made.
Two other organizations are also conducting surveys of air pollution
on a limited scale. They are the Meteorologikon Ihstitoyton (Meteorological GR.010
Institute) and Kentron Pirinikon Ereynon Domokritos (Demokritos Nuclear GR.011
Research Center), both in Athens.
For the industrial region around Thessaloniki, the Epitropi Peribal- GR.0.05
lontos (Environment Committee) of the special Ministry for Northern Greece.
is particularly active in coordinating environmental technical information.
426
-------
Both in Athens and Thessaloniki, a relatively new private nonprofit
organization is promoting studies of environmental problems and research
into pollution abatement measures. It is the Elliniki Etairia Ereinis GR.021
kai Rlegchoy tis Ripanseos ton Idaton, toy Edaphoys kai toy Aeros (ERIEA—
Greek Society for Research and Control of Pollution of Water, Soil and
•Air), which is open to membership from a wide circle of professional
scientists and has the potential of playing a significant role in this field.
427
-------
Oft [002 cov A|B[^ D E|F|oi02Cc!cH|oaj><
Country ] No. J Type) Function! "] SourcM |
NAME: TENIKH AIKWYN2IJ5 YTIE1NHZ
Directorate General of Public I
ADDRESS: 17 Aristotelous Street,
ATHENS.
,.-
Tel.: 521.90?
AFFIL: Ipoyrgeion Koinonikbn Tpiresjon
(Mtn. of Social. .-Services);''
' - L..- .r
12|llHlHHaH*H"H''H L M^ /|2|»|5.7lj 1 s| /
Effects. , . Control* | flemedlw j SIM Stitu* ] D»t» | j
... ACRONYM:
1ealth Suo
Title ' PERSONNEL Function
Mrs. jMeropi Vlolakt'; Director General
,' ; • " ' - -...
,.•!••'•
AP aims and actions:
Responsible, for public heal I, h aupcrits of AP.
Comments:
:MalritaIrilnc; close watch on current
si tuat.Icin.
r.H.002
Di.-fthi7ii-,ju iRleiriis
.l^jCjDjE F Ol'o20304051l'l/|jl3!14|l6 21;222324!2531 32J33'34i35 L'f/t!s/:2J3 13.7!
Country No ,-Type Functions Sources EHect« Controls | Rumedies I Site Status I Date
NAME: TENIKH A
Directorate General of Forc-sU;
ADDRESS: Athinas and 9 Kratlnou SUreots,
ATHENS.
Tel.:
AFFIL: [rioyrceion ueorgjas
(Min. of Agriculture).
Title
PERSONNEL
ACRONYM:
See
nlso
Function
Mr. P. Marpiaropoulos .Director Central
AP aims and actions:
i
Responsible for conservat5on of floraj fauna and natural
landscape. .
I
Comments:
Mr. Margaropoulos is very active in
environmental c'onservatJ on affairs.
GR.003
Uiefthlnsis Dason
5.71
128
-------
Cft
Couniry
No. ! Type
c[o[EJF|oi|o2J03|o4J05lv<{l>j1/<|l/<|l/l!|2l|2^23|24[2!
Functions 1 Sourcus \ Effects j Controls
31
2|33|34]35|X MJS| 1JX|3I5.71| I SJ
emedies | Site f Status | Date ] j~
NAME: YTIOYPrKlOY BOPF.IOY" EAMACZ , ElttTpoxT) nfcpipa\'\ovi:•.;„
M;nistry of -NorLherri Vireecci • Environment Committre
ACRONYM:
[See
also
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL :
Tl IESSALON1 KT .
!i;it. ional Government.
Tit It-
Mr.
Mr.
PERSONNEL
.1. 0' raslmou
A. Simotas
Total of iy :;••
Function
cha i rman
secretary
UsU; of var.ious disciplines
from di f!vi'"'nt Cov...Tnrr,ent department.:-, in
Northern i;r"-.-r:ei
AP aims and actions:
To examlrn problems of air, v.'ii1,.. i ,i A s-jil ).ol I ut i on
and rorommend appropriate action.
To prot-.;ot landscape, flr.ra arid fauiun.
To coopt;rai.f with national and Iritc rntit. ional nrran i ::;i '•-
ions r:l' :;Jmilar purpose.-.
Comments :
K:-.l;iH :.sh'.-d In IVV'1-
'in.005 rpoyr.'M o.)1 r.orx i ,v.- i lladjr., I'.pi tr-i.r i '< ••<• i i .11 1 onto:; ' ',.71
Oft OOr'-'.'flOV /. B CiDiE^F 01 O'^OS 04 05 11 12i13 14 15 21 22 ?:i ?4 25 31 ^ 33 34 35. L M! £. / 2J3 S A
Country No itype. Functions • Suurci."; Effacl^; Controls | li'.';in..|ii"; | Site | Sl.iliis : D.iti!
NAME: YmiPKZL-, K1I LZVIiMOi.' L'KHZ ?:?:YIJ;:2 K,. I , ;.. T'/Y
Scientific Research jrid Di. velopment, Tr r-vi ce
ADDRESS: Prime Minister's Off!"-;,
ATHENS.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Prime Mi nlst' r
ACRONYM: Y F R A
Sou
Title PERSONNEL
fien. I .'--I. c1. / a ran i I:.)."
•Function
l i I'-rtor
AP aims and actions : Comments :
Central pl.armj.ng and coord inat i or, ol' nationnJ. [^olicy foi- Ks i.-ibLishied I'lV'l.
the development of science, rcaearrh and ti-c:h:.ol og.,'.
Coordinal. i on of research work b.v rial,ional arid private
institutions on environmental pnll.ni.ion problems.
J.
Ipir'.-.ia Kpi r, I. i mot. i kos Erevnis kaL Ariaptixeos
429
-------
(3R 'oiOiNATIA B CJ^IE F Oilo203|04J05J1l|l2|l3 14ll5i21J22|23|24l2531 32I33J3435 L 1
. | . ..] . .1' 1 . . i . .1 1 J — 1 — L. ..J_J...I _J ._L' L .. — 1 I: .- . I
Country No. |Type] Functions . Sources 1 Effects | Controls Remedies S
NAME: MET I-iaPOAOr IKON IKX'J'I'i'i >YTi N , yOviXOU ,.O'it|>crx.c. va icn>
Meteorological Jnstitute, Nat
ADDRESS: Thjs-ion,
AniI-MS ^Of>.
Tel.: V^V.MO-
AFFIL.
tonal Observatory
m \ st i *yl T \f ^71 ci T
viaii rl^lntfl !y^
le jstatus [Date
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title i PERSONNEL ' Fiinction
Prof. L. Carapiperis dir"ctor
i
i
i
AP aims and actions :
Measuromentn of nmbiont air quality (omoke, SOg) Iri
At-h'-ns ;iroa since I'.X'Y.
Comments :
i
lir-yril I :; pill,] i;:l,,;d J fl 'l'.ul].( I n Of
A, i r !•.•)! luti.-Ti No. I ', lr>7<).
fiU.010
Mot eoroloi r.ikon ';.; <. i toy ton, El.hniki Aster1 ^:;i.c
i 0,y
fifi
'Oil ' WAT A; B! C[ r/l E, F 01:02:0304(
15 21,2223 2/j25 31 3.?33i3435; L1 M S
Country No. Type Functions
Soiircur,
EHcc'ts
'
Controls
Size
Status | Date
s1 /
'
NAME-: KEUTPOK l[Y"'HiK/:.!N •'.•*'•'.{>>.,; An
Domokritos Mucl'-ar iivr.fari-h Centre
ADDRESS: A.'
ACRONYM:
Sue
also
Tel:
AFFIL :
Ai^hia Paraskevi ,
A'l'HKNS.
Atomic Knerc.y Commission ;
Title
PERSONNEL
Mr. S. (ifjorfnp-ii
Mr. , D. MarkeLu:;
Miss :S. Danali
Function
r.ci «ntif i i1 director
h'-a(J of Soicrit,i£':c Brnm-h
lk.-alt.li Physics Do pi1..
KnvU. Radioact i v i l.y I,an.
AP aims and actions :
Moni t.ni-:-, nmbicnt radj oacl i vi t,., .
Comments:
CH.011 Kentr-on PJrLnikcn I'^e.vnon 'Demokri tos '
430
-------
aft
Country
No,.! Typol Funetipns
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size | Status [ Oats
NAME: EU'lTPOftH IIPOSTAZIAZ TUZ ATMOZ. EK THZ MOAYN2E2Z
Committee for the Protection of the Atmosphere from Pollutior
ADDRESS: 4 Karageorgi Street,
ATHENS 125.
Tei.; 22?.. 466
AFFIL: Technikon Epimclitl ri on tis E.
(1'echnJcal Chamber of f!r«ece
ACRONYM:
also
Title
Dr.
Prof.
Mr.
Mi-.
PERSONNEL
...4.
Function
S. Pikoulls chairman
C. Lefaa '
.T. Papaioaririou
A. Stefanou
total 16 eriri risers and scientists.
Sf*' aims find actions :
To study air pollution problems in UK Athens ar^a, anr)
formulate recommendations for appropriate abatement
action.
Comments:
.jf-M, up by l.h'- Technical Chamber i r;
I'iff.
Produced in 'J'.>70 a iiri.Oimi nary report
rr.:ard inn; pollution from int.prnal
i.-n/ilnes.
Epitropi I'ru.'jLas i.i". tis At.rr.ospha; ras ek Li~ i-lnl i i,:-,-.is
Vl^lCiD E ^' 01 02,03.04 05 11 12'13-1/
,Q,qimtry No.. /Type' . Functions Sources Effects
15'2V 27. 23i 2425 31 lttl.tt L W ^: 1 2j^
Controls ncmudics ! Sue Status
'••71
S-' T
NAME: EAAHNIKH i-:V.-,I?J, Ifi")//.',..:•; L .o ''M/: •'• r-•,.••:;•';
r.reek Society for thr Consi.rvation of Nat.ur<.;
ADDRESS-. 6(1 Anagnostopoi>] on Street,
ATHENS.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
626.246
ACRONYM:
See
' jlso
Titlo
PERSONNEL
Prof.Ac.G. Pantan/js
Mr. P. Antipas
Function
president
secretary reneral
AP aims and actions : | Comments :
Through lectures, articles, etc, to create public aware-j Does no1, undc-rtake research.
ness and to promote Tiovornment action on nature cons- |
eryation problems. '
(JR.020 Elli.-iikl Etair'iu i'rostasias tis Phiseos
5.71
431
-------
OR
Country
Q21JSOC
No. |Type
NAME:.FAA. FT.
Greek Hoc.
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Xl^l cl D|E|^ 01 02)0304] OB 11
Functions Sources 1
12J13 14J16
Effects .
2l|22! 23J24|2_5j31 32 33|34J
Controls | Remedies
4x|M[jiih|/t8k.7ii |s|/
f SiM^f ^tattit^f Date, '..'^r
EPEYNH2 K/.I EAEFXOY THZ ?YI1ANZKS2Z . .TOY 'Af-PCiS 'AtJRONY'M':''1. K P Y I?'*
for Research * Control of P. of Water, SoJl and Air . fjjj
: >l Karageorgi Servias,
ATHENS
?T6 71)"
125.
Title '"
Prof.
Prof.
Prof.
Dr.
Dr. '
PERSONNEL .-
L. Caraplporl.i
P.. Lolzos
L. Loes
S. PikoulJo
A. Matey
'
>.-'•• '•'•' Function" •' 1~;i"1'
president
y i co-president
vic'v-presldenL-;1-
secretary general
treasurer •
-..-.>'
AP aims and actions: j Comments: ' "fv • ' ','•'• '
To contribute to UIR study of pnlhition problems of air,!-Ms La hi i shed !'>YO;- proir.rainirio :';i.:ll
water and soJl, and to create an nwareness of the nned. bf.'ing developed.
to prevent or control these. ' M'-mU-rnh i p ipon 'to sc. icni. i,:.t.. •-•>/' all
To keep abreast of scientific pro/rears and developmonts, di r-,n i plJ ne:; and affJliai.i-.fi:-;.',
t,o support appropriate, research, .-mil make rccommeridat- Han branch i.n TUDSSALOMI ;•; i f'f-t"^.: '<\-.r\t.'
Jons for measures, designed Vo nolv- the problems. Proi'.Th. Fd: pid i s> Schonl n!1 M'-d.,
To cooperr.i,-' with national ;md :::'• i-rai, i ona] ort^anisnt- ii. Thessa] or-' k i •)•',
ionp di1 similar purpose, both |. •-.)•-.. •i-niR'--ni-.n I (V private.
iilliniki !:t..-i i ri;i i-'r'.-.-ynis kal Kler;c-hoy t.lc !:J pan::-JOG. . .
.Elliniki Atairia Ereynis kai Elegchoy tia Ripanseos ton Idatoh, toy Edaphoys
kai toy Aeros. •'•',"•
GR
Country' | No.
SOC
Type
Functions
01 02[03|04 05
Sources
Effects
2l| 22J23| 24J
2S31
Controls
323334:
Remedies | Size
Status
5-71
Date
S T
NAME: ETAIPIA nPOZTAZL\j: 11AHIAOZ KAI ITEPIBAAAONT02
ACRONYM:
Society for the Protection of Fauna and the Environment
ADDRESS: 5 Antlgonidou Street,
THESSALONIKI.
_Tel.:' 522.015, 522J.46
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.
Mr.
!See
also
' PERSONNEL
M. Karovissls
V. Dermatopoulos
Function
president
secretary general
AP aims and actions:
To preserve the environment from pollution effects.
Comments:
Private local organisation.
GR.022 Etairia Prostasias Panidos kai Perlballontos
5.71
432
-------
GCA - 1
Jan 71
GUATEMALA
The rtew Public Health Code, drafted in 1971 for approval by the
Congress in Guatemala, includes a section on air pollution. While this
problem- is considered a much less serious danger to public health than
the prevalent gastrointestinal and infectious diseases, some concern
with air quality is beginning to be shown in the capital, Guatemala,
a city of 650,000 inhabitants. The Ministry of Public Health is iristal- GCA.01
linp, equipment to monitor vehicle emissions, and the Engineering Depart- GCA.02
ment at the City University conducted during 1971 a preliminary survey
of the pollutants present in their urban ambient air.
433
-------
GCA JOOIJ ALB|jJDJE|F Ol|o2io3|c4J05|ll|l2|l3|l4[l5
Country | No. Type Functions Sources | Effects
21J2223242531 32I33J34
I . i .. J . .
36 L M S 1 2 3 ^j] |s| T
Controls Remedies Size Status Date | |
NAME: city University, Engineering Laboratory ACRONYM:
(Laboratorio Faculdad de Ingenieria) • . r also
ADDRESS .
'Ciudad Universitaria
Guatemala ,'''}&••' • '
Tel.: 48 15 30 '"
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Abreu, de Alba
Function
.2 Research Doctors
AP aims and actions:
Profile study of air pollutants in Guatemala City.
Research measurements of 17 gasoous and solid
pollutants, including S02, CO, total oxidants,
lead, chlorine, selenium,phosphates.
Cooperation with Municipality and University of
San Carlos ,
Comments:
._ __. _ ___
Country . No. I Type I
B ci D E i
Functions
I01!02!03!04!05!11!12!13!14!15 2^22L23!24i25
J Sources j Effects ; Controls
31 32 33|34]35
Remedies
IMS
Size
123
Status
Date
MAMF •
___ _1.' Minis try of Puhlir. Hnal th and_ UaLEare
_ (Mines re
ADDRESS:
= CJa 1 nrl Pnhl i rn y A C
Palacio Nacional
Ciudad de Guatemala
_Tel.: 21212
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Dr.
1 PERSONNEL |
. Recinos, Antonio
Function
Vice Minister
2 Research Doctors
1 Research Secretary
AP aims and actions:
Promulgating new public health code, including
section on air pollution, for approval by Congress.
Installing monitors to measure automotive exhausts.
Comments:
-------
m: ~ 1
Aug 71
HONG KONG
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION RACKGROUND.
Hong Kong is a Erit.ish Colony with a population in 1970 of around
4 million, occupying an area of about 400 square miles. Most of the
population live and work in the highly congested areas of Kowloon and
the northern side of Hong Kong Island. There is a large amount of ,
prosperous.industry, which is concentrated in areas of dense population.
The major enterprises are four larg.e electric power plants and a cement
plant, all near the municipal airport at the heart of the city. The
demand for electricity for a;r conditioning for the humid tropical
weather is high and growing rapidly, at about 15 percent per year.
Pollution problems resulting from the use.of fuel oil of 2.5 percent
sulfur content in the power pJants and the cement plant are aggravated
by the very rapid growth since World War Tl of large office buildings
and apartments near the older incHistri.il sites. Despite expr.r.t:icr. cf
the newest power-plant at a distance from the city, the continuing in-
crease in demand still exceeds the supply. Industrial smoke is less of
a problem, and one which can be handled by better fuel engineering on
the part of industry.
The Air Pollution Control Unit attached to the Department of Labor
is headed by Mr. K. Higginson as Smoke Abatement Adviser, and has seven
antismoUe inspectors. A.lso, under the direction of Mr. M. Harden, there
is a 12-man Air Pollution Advisory Committee, comprising representatives
of the government departments concerned. Present activities in monitoring
and policing defined smoke control areas are in accordance with regulations
based on the United Kingdom Clean Air Act of 1956.
TRENDS
A centrally located early warning system is being installed for air
pollution alerts. Future actions are expe;cted to involve controls on
435
-------
HK - 2
Aug 71
automotive emissions which have not been a pressing problem. The pro-
portion of diesel engines is high, and their emissions can be reduced by
better maintenance and operation. Efforts will be continued to minimize
emissions of industrial smoke, and to develop economical sources for gas
or oil fuels of lower sulfur content. It is expected that this problem
will become worse, however, because of the costs of using fuels containing
less sulfur; otherwise any process for flue gas scrubbing must be passed
on to local industries, which are competing for world-wide trade on the
basis of the lowest possible production costs.
435
-------
LNU - ]
Mar 71
INDIA
BACKGROUND
India has massive problems in economics, agricultural output'and
industrial production lap, complicated by the large size of the country
and high population density. Two-thirds of the industry in India and
over two-thirds of the Industrial labor force are concentrated in cities
.of over a million in population. Ninety-two percent of the villages in
India, representing two-thirds of the total population, do not have a
source of electricity available.
The industrial production of fertilizers, steel, chemicals and
consumer goods is beinp promoted to combat the country's difficult dom-
estic problems. Eighty percent of this activity is concentrated in
eight large industrial areas. Half of the facilities are in the two
cities of Bombay and Calcutta, and major industries are located in :thc
cities of Ahmedabad, Delhi, Hyderbad, Kanpur, Madras, and Nagpur. This
combination of urbanization and industrialization has created severe
problems of air pollution in the larger communities across India.
Urban air pollution is serious, in part, because new industries'have
;be'en completely unregulated as to location. Thus, chemical factories^
textile mills and power plants are intermixed everywhere with residential
areas. Another factor is that most of these plants have been built at the
lowest possible capital cost, without any effluent controls, in an effort to
reduce money sent out of the country, which might have an unfavorable
effect in India's foreign exchange and which might be considered to affect
adversely factory operating costs and plant efficiency. For example, it
is standard practice not to install controls in plants for the manufacture
of sulfuric or nitric acid, which have been constructed also with low
chimney heights to save initial costs. It is not at all unusual to see
in residential areas industrial chimneys which do not rise above' the levei
of surrounding buildings.
437
-------
IND - 2
Mar 71
There is no effective air pollution control law in India at present.
The Municipal Nuisance Acts provide an adequate basis to proceed against
aggravated complaints, but they lack any precise definition of what is a
nuisance. Economic priorities in the country place emphasis on correcting
shortages of food, power, and industrial products as the greatest public
benefits, with strictly limited financial resources. As a result, for
example, pollution controls such as an electrostatic precipitator to remove
,98 percent of the fly ash from a power plant at an increase of 30 percent
in the cost of the plant are frequently bypassed, in favor of more power
for the same cost.
TRENDS
The Government of India has appointed an Expert Committee to assess
the entire problem of air pollution and draft a suitable air pollution
control bill for Parliament. It is expected that emphasis will be placed
on industrial zoning, with due consideration for the installation of
operating controls, so as to obtain the greatest benefits to the public
with the least expense for the devices. Improved training of personnel
is needed at all levels, for research, field measurements, and for the
implementation and administration of controls. As soon as additional
trained staff become available they can help collect and analyze the
information required in the various localities. This information can
then be used to develop public support for those changes in the operation
of government and industry which can be made most readily with available
resources.
.RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANIZATIONS
0
The major organization in India for air pollution surveys and monitoring
is the Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute of the Ministry IND-01
of Health, with headquarters at Nagpur and branch facilities throughout
the country. Earlier surveys were made by the Bhabha Atomic Research
Center at Bombay, which conducts research on atmospheric chemistry, problems IND-02
of stack dispersal, and the effects of aerosols. The Indian Meteorological
Department provides background information for all such studies. IND-03
438
-------
IND - 3
Mar 71
The Central Fuel Research Institute at Dhanbad is one of some 40 IND-04
institutes affiliated with and sponsored by the Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research. Its interest in pollution control involves
improvements in the use of high-ash coals, including coal cleaning,
gasification, fluid bed combustion, and electrostatic precipitation.
A related institute at Dhanbad is the Central Mining Research Station, IND-^5
which has extended its studies of mining dusts to include airborne dusts
of other types such as the smoke from cigarettes. A third such institute.
is the National Chemical Laboratory of India at Poona, which conducts IHD-06
chemical engineering pilot studies on gas-solid reactions, including
those suitable for the treatment of gaseous pollutants. Academic pro-
grams for the training 'of personnel have been established at the Chemical
Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore IND-07
and the Indian Institute of Technology, which has branches in five major IND-08
cities. Similar programs are being considered by other universities.
439
-------
•IND
Country
NAME: Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute
ADDRESS:
Wiirdha Koad
Na>;piir-3i India
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Ministry of Health
Gov. of India
ACRONYM :CMERT.
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Prof. |S.J. Areeivala
F.K. fciinemwar
V.I,. i'ampattivar
Function
Director
Chief, Al1 Activities
Meteorological Laboratory
9 Professionals ad Nagpur
2b at branch cunti
rs throughout India
AP aims and actions:
Primary center in India lor Al1 surveys and monitoring
Monitors air quality in major industrial centers:
Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Madras,
Alimedabad, Kanpur
• Ambient measurements, source (.'missions, sampling and
analysis for SOX, NOX, Totjl 1IC, and oxidants
Consultation to industry and inunicipulit its on
control methods
Regional activity centor lor WHO
Comments:
Former Uep. Director J.M. Dave is"
now Advisor to Ministry of Health,
New Delhi, on Environmental
Health Engineering
Publ: linvironmental Health
(quarterly)
• IND !002'GOV/iXC[/ElFlo!l02IXi04i^^
Country No. [Type] Functions [ . Souicei*
NAME: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
ADDRESS:
Trotnbay
Bombay 85, India
Tel. :
AFFIL:
Gov. of India
xM14]^
Effects i
Title
'21J3/23JX|^31 32J^dJ34
Controls Remedies
PERSONNEL
P.K. Zutshi
K.G. Vohra, K.
Kapoor
S.D. Soman
R.V. Amalraj
35/?Rsl/f2|3| S[T
Size (Status [Date
ACRONYM .
See
also
Function
Atmos . Chemistry and AP
study group
Air monitoring section
iealth physics division
Plant superintendent
AP aims and actions:
Climatology of AP at India's industrial centres, qual.
and quant, studies, of atm. pu L lutiints, stack dispersal,
dev. of nt-w procedures in AP studies, estimation of
aerosols, l^S, Pb; environmental surveilLance
Comments:
Publ: Nuclear India (monthly)1
-------
IND | 663 G6
Country < No. Typ
NAME: Indlan
JAJB c|/fe|F |oi|o2|o3J0405n
12 13 1416
e| Functions j Sources Effects
21 22|23|^C|25J31 132|33 34
36[/|MS/t23 | |S|T
Controls ] Remedies [ Size Status Date [ [
MeteoroloRical Depart ment ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Lodi Road
New Delhi 3,
Tel.:
AFFIL:
India
Title
PERSONNEL
P.R. Krishna Rao
Function
Director General
AP aims and actions:
Meteorological network (561 stations)
Ozone observations (6 stations)
Includes Northern Hemisphere Analysis Centre and
Exchange Centre (New Delhi) and Institute of
Tropical Meteorology (Poona)
Comments:
Publ: Journals, bulletins, memoirs
. IND : 004 GOVAJ Bi Cl D, E F 101 02; 03 04 05 11
Country' No. |Type| Functions • Sources i
NAME: Central Fuel Research Institute.
ADDRESS:
P. 0. Jealgora, DhanbaJ,
Bihar, India
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Council tor Scientific and Industrial
Rese.M rch, Dr. Atma Ram, Director
12!l3i14J1S
Effects
Title
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
21 1 22.23! 24J25 31J32|33!34
Controls Remedies
PERSONNEL
A. Lahiri
N. G. Basak
H. S. Rao
A. K. Chakravarti
35 L|M|S| 1(2)3 1 s| T
Size 1 Status Date j |
ACRONYM: CFRI
See
alsc
Function
Director
Dep. Director
Asst. Director
Asst. Director
AP aims and actions:
Studies on cleaning of high ash coals, froth flotation
for sulfur removal
Coal chemistry, conversion, gasification, and fluid
bed.combustion for pollution control
Electrostatic precipitation, effects of ash
characteristics.
Comments:
Publ: News (quarterly), Reports
441
-------
665
Country | No.
Type| Functio
o'lElF loi!o2J03io4|/ruft213|l4|^2ll22(23!24|25l3l!32|33i^l3BJLlMls|l|/f3[ j tsl 1
__ 1 _i _ i ) 1 I _ r . )-"- i I — » — ) — 1 .-- * - •*- — I I-- * — 1 — *.-- 1.— . |... _i — i. I -- 1 .— 1 — -1 --- . — I—-- ----- ^L I — .
ions Sources i Effects ! Controls | Remedies | Size | Status | Date j _ |
NAME: Cent_raL Mining Ri>swarch Station
ADDRESS:
Bai-wu Road, P.B. No. ?f
Diianbad
Biliar, India
_Tel.:
AFFIL:
Industrios
ACRONYM.:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. K. N. Sinha
Function
Director
AP aims and actions :
Electron microscope studies o£ air-borne dusts,
smoke from cigarettes, mine atmospheres
Health effects in mining
Comments:
IND ^
Country ~ No. |Typei
Functions
'01 02|03l04'05 11;1
„ I L _i_ 1.
! Sources
15 2l|22J23J24 25J31J32J33
Effects
Controls
34J35
Remedies
M
Size | Status
Date
NAME:^ National C_hemical Laboratory ul India_
ADDRESS:
Poona 8, India
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR)
ACRONYM:
NCL
See
also
Title ! PERSONNEL
Dr. |B. D. Tilak
Dr. ;L. K. Doraiswamy
Function
Director
Dep. Director, Chief of
Chem. Engineering Div.
AP aims and actions:
Reactor design, mathematical modelling, and scale-up
from lab scale to pilot scale operations
Process development studies in .gas-solid reactions,
catalytic treatment ot: gaseous pollutants
Comments:
-------
. T.ND |o<57 ACD|A|B[C[D|E[F Ioi|o2|o304[o6|ii
Country ' No. Typej Functions [ Sources
NAME. Indian Institute of Science
Chemical Engineering Department
ADDRESS:
Malleswaram P.O.
Bangalore, India
Tel.:
AFFIL: ~"
University Grants Commission
of India (UGC)
1213 14 15
Effects
Title
2l|22|2324|25J3l|323334
Controls j Remedies
PERSONNEL
35 L M S l|2|s| | S| T
i Size Status j Date |
ACRONYM: IISC
See
also
Function
AP aims and actions:
Developing a program in Environmental Engineering
Basic studies in reaction kinutics, transport
processes, mathematical modelling, and biomedical
engineering
Comments:
Publ: Journal
IND bo8 lACDJ^pljC j D j E j F 'oi[p^/04|os|7l|l2[l:
juntry' No. [Type] Functions i Sources I Efle
Country
Effects
Controls
Remedies
L M S
Size
Status Date
S T
.NAME: Indian Institute of Technologj^
ACRONYM:
ADDRESS:
Kanpur 16, U.P., India
Tel.:
AFFIL.
See
also
Title !
PERSONNEL
G.D. Agarwal
Function
Sanitary Engineering Div.
AP aims and actions:
AP concentrations at Kanpur
Abatement procedures
Comments :
Institute has branches at Bombay,
Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras
443
-------
J_KL - J
Mav""7j""
IRELAND
(Eire)
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
The most westerly of European countries, Ireland is a large but
sparsely populated island enjoying a markedly maritime climate. Winters
are mild and summers cool; the weather changes frequently, with few
periods of stagnation.
Ireland has a long history of internal unrest. Political independence
from the United Kingdom was obtained in 1921, except for the six northeast
counties of Ulster (centered around Belfast), which remain under British
jurisdiction.
The Eire population of about 3 million is very unevenly distributed.
The capital, Dublin, is by far the largest city (about 600,000 population),
followed by the port of Cork (130,000). Elsewhere, small market and
commercial townships form centers for numerous widely scattered farms;
the farms and towns in the east are somewhat larger than in the west. Much
of the country is rough pasture, bog and mountain.
There are almost no indigenous resources of coal, with few minerals..
Peat ("turf") is a widely used domestic fuel, even in towns. It is also
t
used for generation of electricity, as also is water power, but all other
fuels are imported. An oil refinery is located near Cork.
The Irish economy has long depended on agricultural products from
small-scale farming, but industrial activity has been encouraged by the
State in recent years. Factories for the production of sugar, cement,
paper, footwear, textiles, electronic equipment and other light engineering
products have been established, especially near the ports (e.g., Dublin,
Cork, Arklow, Shannon airport). In addition, there is a steel rolling mill,
Preceding page blank
445
-------
I.RJ- - 2
May 71
some nonferrous smelting facilities and a fertilizer plant. Apart from
local problems of dispersion around specific industrial plants (e.g.,
cement works), air pollution is apparent only in Dublin and Cork during
occasional winter periods of quiet weather. Domestic peat burning is
recognized .u; an important .source oi pollution, but the use of other
fuels presents economic problems.
Politica1 features
Current concern about the environment is directed at conservation
of the landscape (especially to support the tourist industry) and at
problems of water pollution. Local air pollution does attract criticism,
however, and there is a mo>-p to introduce modern legislation for air
quality conservation.
Present Controls
Many Irish laws have a common origin with similar British regulations,
enacted be fort;. Irish independence. Thus, Common Law enjoins "good
neighborliness" on all individuals and organizations; as elsewhere, how-
ever, such legislation is of limited practical effect.
The emission of noxious fumes and gases from certain specialized
industries, mainly chemical works, is controlled under the Alkali, etc.
Works Regulation Act of 1906, which shares a common origin with the
United Kingdom legislation. Under this law, which is administered by
the Department of Local Government, the works are required to be registered IRL.001
annually and are subject to inspection. Unlike the United Kingdom, however,.
in Eire, there is no Alkali inspectorate presently established for. this
activity.
Section 10 of the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act of 1962
empowers the Minister to make regulations for controlling the pollution of
the atmosphere. Regulations (Statutory Instrument No. 156 of 1970) which
were made-under this section and which came into force in January 1971 place
restrictions on industrial smoke emissions and extend the provisions of the
[•"
Sanitary Services Code to nuisance caused by emissions of smoke, dust, grit,
-------
IRL - 3
May 71
gas or fumes. These regulations do not apply to domestic premises. En-
forcement is the responsibility of the County Councils.
Controls on air pollution caused by motor vehicles are set forth in
the Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and use of Vehicles) Regulations
of 1963, which were made under the Road Traffic Act of 1961. These
regulations, which require that vehicles, especially diesels, shall not
emit visible smoke, are enforceable by the police authorities.
The Local Government Act of 1967 also permits local authorities to
specify operating conditions when granting permission to plan for new
industries. This law is proving an effective mechanism for air pollution
control.
Trends
Steady consolidation of existing approaches to controlling air
pollution is expected to be supported by additional legal measures as the
need appears. Thus, the European Economic Community vehicle emissions
regulations could be adopted by Ireland, especially if it joins ECE. A
national policy for environmental conservation is being developed by the
Institute for Industrial Research and Standards. IRL.005
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
There is at present no central council for protecting the environment
in Ireland. The Department of Local Government, through its Sanitary IRL.001
Services Section, has responsibility for air pollution legislation and for
the application of planning regulations, as well as for industrial
operating conditions.
The Institute of Industrial Research and Standards is a body with IRL.005
broad responsibilities similar to the American Society for Testing and
Materials. In mid-1970, this Institute was asked to draft a policy on
air pollution measurement and control as a guide for Government planning.
The Institute is expected to play a larger role in environmental conser-
vation technology in the future.
447
-------
IRL - 4
May 71
An Foras Forbartha (the National Institute for Physical Planning IRL.006
and Construction Research) is another state organization with a potential
role in national planning for environmental conservation. So far, this
group has directed its attention mainly to water pollution.
ESB (the Electricity Supply Board) is the only industrial group I.RL.01J.
presently making measurements of ambient air pollution. Its work in the
Dublin area is complementary to that of the Department of Local Government, IRL.001
whose surveys are supported mainly by various academic groups. Notable
among concerned individuals are Dr. Jessop of Trinity College, Dublin and IRL.016
Professor Murphy at University College, Dublin. IRL.017
There are no societies in Ireland specifically concerned with air
pollution problems. An Taisce (the National Trust for Ireland) does, IRL.020
however, consider the "amenity aspects" of air quality in its comments on
planning applications.
448
-------
IRL 00
Country N<
VRBO|A B CJJ$JE[F 01 02 03 joi los.ii
12 13 14 15
). Typ« Functions Sources Effects
21122,23 ?4 26131 J32J33 34
35 L M jrf 1 / 3 9*70 $ A
i _i
Controls Remedies Size Status Date
NAME: COUNTY MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, DUBLIN. ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS: City Hall,
DUBLIN 2.
Tel.: (01) 776811
AFFIL : Dublin County Borough Council.
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL Function
J. B. 0 'Regan
i
1
i
i
i
AP aims and actions ;
Assists Dept. of Local Govt. (iRL.vJOl) in measurements
of AP in Dublin area.
Provides advice on health effects of Al .
Comments
IRL.003
IM, bo4
Country" No.
MUM
J
J
r\ J D
k — *
Fu
County Medical Officer of Health, Dublin 9-70
c
t,
motion
E JF 01 02
-i ,+
is j Soi
03 04 05 ^
jrces
12 13 14 15
i
Effects
NAME: CITY OF DUBLIN HOSPITAL
ADDRESS: Baggot Street,
DUBLIN 4.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
21 22*23(24 25bl 32 33 34 35! L JMijtf • 1 \t 3 !^.?0 S T
^1 I I t 1 i 111 " i
L -I A .. I I i T ' 1 1 t ~
Controls Remedies | Sue J Status j Date [
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL Function
Dr. Chapman
H
i
AP aims and actions:
Studies of the effects of AP on lung function
Comments
IRL.004
City of Dublin Hospital
9-70
-------
TRL
I
005 NAT!X
05
Sources
Effects
Controls
fi_hi^!?: Xj|3
Remedies 1 Size ' S'atus [Date
s ,/
AN TNSTTTTUTD TATCHDE TTONSCATL AGUS CAIOHDEAN
Institute of Industrial Research and Standards
ADDRESS: The Industrial Research Centre
Ballymun Road,
DUBLIN 9.
(01) 370101
Dept. of Industry & Commerce
ACRONYM-
Sec
also
AFFIL:
Title
^^^^^_r-
Dr.
Dr.
Mr,
Mr.
PERSONNEL
P. C. Ami
T. McManus
Dlckensor,
Dewhurst
Function
director ?f Science Div'n.
head of "hem. En/:fg. Dept.
\
' staff
AP aims and actions
Provides t< ^hnical advisory service tor Industry and
government.
Developing draft polJ.-y on AP contr^ol and abatement for
government plann i n/..
1
Comments .
! -bl i.^hes !T< chroi oci Treland ',
At fjotivi'.y tstatllsh-d ir lr*70.
!RL.
,jt. ,if Industrial Research and Standards
IRL
Country
.MAT1
h
No |Typo
E F 01:02o3o4o5 11 12
13
\4
15
Functions
Sources
Effects
21 22,23(24
. —I i J
Controls
25
31 3? 33 34135
Remedies
Sire
1 [3 N ,
i i I , i
I Status i Date
SiA
NAME
AM FORAS PORBARTHA TFORANTA
National Tnst. for Physical H.-inning & Construct! r
ACRONYM
See
also
ADDRESS: St. Martin's House,
Waterl .- > Road,
DUBLIN 4.
Tel.: ^"' b />1-1
A^FIL: Dipt, f -r Local Hov't.
Title
-i
Dr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
PERSONNEL
h -
D. Smyth
P. Kellv
D. Cabot
J. Kasta '_•'.'
V. Curtln
Function
Miief technical
secretary
)
) Planning DivJ
)
adviser
s ion
AP aims and actions:
To advise (Jovernment on all aspects of forward
including urbanisation and the environment.
| Comments :
planning, Working groups and committees include
I e/t.rjrnal experts.
'West of cur rent environmental work is
aimed at WP; little AP work yet.
ThL.006
An Forri •• Foroartr.a Tco
450
-------
IRL
Country
010
No.
ASNUj^
Type] Functions
01 02 03 04 os
Sources
11 12 13
Effects
21J22J23J24J25|3l[32|33J34 36
Controls | Remedies
MslM39.?0
Size | Status | Date
sl/f
NAME: FEDERATION OF IRISH INDUSTRIES
ADDRESS: 28 Fitzwilliam Place,
DUBLIN 2.
Tel.:
~AFFIL:
(01) 60366
Title
Mr.
ACRONYM :
See
also
PERSONNEL
J. J. Stacey
Function
secretary
AP aims and actions:
Through workinc groups, concerts Irish industry's views
and makes- Lhem publicly known.
Provides an advisory service to member companies.
Comments:
Has committee for A/WP.
IRL.OIO Federation of Irish Industries
IRL
03104 05 11112 13
I ..I 1 I I
Sources | Effects
31 3233336 L
Controls
Romedtes | Size status [Date
9-70
1.70! .
NAME: ELECTRTCITY SUPPLY BOARD
ADDRESS: Lower FJtzwjlliam Street,
DUBLIN.2. ' '
Tel. (oi) 65831
AFFIL: Dept. of Transport & -Power.
ACRONYM: E S B
IRL.OOl
JTitle
Mr.
B. O'Connor
PERSONNEL
Function
Central Tech. Services head,
coordinator for AP etc..
+ 3
for AP
AP aims and actions:
Maintains 23 SOg/smoke monitoring stations in Dublin
area to identify ESB contribution.
Comments: •; <
Supplements 'measurements made by
Dept. of Local Govt (IRL.OOl).
IRL.011 Electricity Supply Board
9-70'
-------
IftL |016~ ACD /|B|C|^|E|F oi|o2|<»|o4]o5ii
12J13|l4 16
, Country j No. Type Functions . . Sources Effects
21J22J23J^J2S 31 32Ji)J34|% L M|^ ij^js 9>70J . |'SJ/t
Controls . Jteijj|8lies , §lM , Slitos .'Oeta.. [..,.. ..,.; [ .,..,.
NAME: 'TRINTTSf COLLEGE, DUBLIN, Dept. of Social Medicine '" ACf&ftlYM : '.
"••-' • jfM ' -- - J -• •• JJ - T
, • . ji _ - . i- also >..-.. - -.. -
ADDRESS: DUBLIN.
Tel.: (01) 772941
AFFIL:
title
Prof.
PERSONNEL
W. J. Jessop
Function
AP aims and actions:
Measurements pf SOo smoke and cl in atmosphere.
Comments:
Supports survey work of De'ptr of
Local Govt. (TRL.Odl)< .'"
IRL
IRL.016 Trinity College, Dublin
017
9-70
CodntrtL" j No:.
ACD^A j B | CJ^j E |F |ol[o2|03|o4|oSh<|l2|i3[u|lsl2l|22!23J^|28|3l|32 33J34|3_5 L |M] ^1 1 | ^3ll $.?
Type: Functions | Sources , Effects _\ Controls [ Remedies , . Siie. |$latU8, |Data.
NAME:' UNTVERSTTy COLLEGE, DUBLIN. Tnst.of Soc. and Prev. Medicim
AbDRESS: Earlsfort Terrace,
DUBLIN 2.
(01) 52116
Tel.:
AFFIL:.' Nat. Univ. of Ireland.
Title
PERSONNEL
also
Funbildh
Prof.iT. Murphy
Prof.IG. J. Bourke
AP aims arid actions:
Measurements of smoke and S02 in Dublin.
Comments:
Supports. worK of Dept. of Lodiil Oovt.
IRL.017 University College, Dublin; Inst. of Social Medicine
9-70
452
-------
1RL
Country
NAME:
020 SOC A J<|C|D|E|^ oi|o2J03|o406 11
1213|45
No. Type Functions Sources Effects
2l|22|232426J3l|32J3334
3BLM|X|l|2|^|9-.?0 S/i
Controls j Remedies Size | Status | Date
AN- TATSCE ACRONYM :
National Trust- for Ireland ^
ADDRESS
Tel:
"AFFIL .•
Bridge House,
Upper Baggot Street,
DUBLIN 4.
(01) 64023
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
Maurice Craig
Function
secretary
AP aims and actions :
Conservation of the environment and amenities.
Comments on the effects of planning, applications.
Comments:
Voluntary group with small gov't.
subsidy.
AP incidental to main activities.
IRL.020 An Tais.
y.?o
1KL _wl |SOC
Country , No. |Typ
Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
3|34J35! L'M[S| l|_2JXjO.?OJ'_ ls| T
edies j Sire (Status | Data j _ f
Remedies
NAME: TUMANN NA N'TNNEATTOTni
The Institution of Engineers of Ireland
ADDRESS: 2? Clyde Road,
BallsbrdcJge,
DUBLIN 4.
Tel.: _
AFFIL:
(01) 684 :'
ACRONYM :
See
also
Jitle PERSONNEL
Mr. !A. O'Brien
: Function
i secretary
AP aims and actions:
ffS ;.--.nlVrences on en^J neering subjects, incl. AP.i
Comments:
fHL.021
In:jt.. -of Efi,r.: I--.MTS of Ireland
9.70
153
-------
IL - 1
Sep 71
ISRAEL
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION 'BACKGROUND
Geography
The small state o,f Israel is subject to large differences and
varieties of climatic conditions, plants and animal life. Annual rain-
fall, for example, varies over the distance of 400 kilometers from a
very wet 1000 nun in the north to an arid 200 mm at Elath in the south,
and from 550 mm in Jerusalem' to 100 mm or less at the northern tip of
the Dead Sea, 30 kilometers away. The population shows a similar di-
versity, from the desert dweller or peasant accustomed to using prim-
itive tools, to the modern farmer and city resident, living with growing
industries, commerce and universities. Population density is equally
diverse. Vfliile there are large empty areas, the Mediterranean coastal
zone, which is densely populated, also contains most of the industry
and an important fraction of the country's agriculture.
Political Features
Now in its third decade, Israel is showing a strong trend toward
becoming a modern technological society, and, as a result, air pollution
has become a concern. The problem became considerably more severe at the
beginning of the 1960's, because of rapid industrialization, urbanization,
a great increase in automotive transportation, and a general rise in the
standard of living. In 1963, a unit for air pollution control was set
up in the Ministry of Health. Also at about that time, universities
began providing courses in air pollution, and various voluntary groups
began to deal with the subject. The increase in demand for power has
caused a steady rise in fuel consumption to 4.8 million metric tons in
*
Principal sources used are information supplied by Professor J. Neumann
of the Hebrew University (Jerusalem), Mr. A. Peranio of MALRAZ (Haifa),
The Environment in Israel, (1971 report to the United Nations, edited
by U. Marinov, J. Gale) and A Summary of Israeli Legislation, Standards,
Criteria, anc[ Guide in_ the Field o£ Air Pollution (report to the World
Health Organization as of June 1970, by Dr. Alexander Donagi).
Preceding page blank
-------
.
Sep 71
1970, which is an increase of 10.8 percent over the previous year. The
number of motor vehicles has risen from about 70,000 in 1960 to 210,000
in 1969, an increase of 300 percent ino9 years.
The continuous increase in fuel consumption and the high content of
sulfur in the. fuels used are factors determining the pollutants found.
The burning of oil with a relatively high sulfur content for power stations
and other industrial purposes, as well as for some domestic heating,
results in the emission of large quantities of sulfur dioxide and partic-
ulates. In urban areas, motor vehicles are the main source of pollution,
particularly carbon monoxide. The black smoke resulting from diesel
engines (in trucks, buses, taxis) is a greater problem than in other
developed countries. Factors contributing to a high rate of pollutant
emissions per vehicle are high average age, poor maintenance, overloading,
and lack of police inspections in the field.
Unlike most rapidly developing countries, Israel has a relatively
large and active scientific community. This fact has brought about an
increasing -interest and motivation of scientists and the urban population
at large toward environmental research and development. Still, the acute
political situation in which Israel lias been engaged since its inception
in 1948 has precluded the financing of applied research and pollution
controls to the degree warranted by the rapidly increasing problems in
degradation of the environment.
Present Controls and Monitoring
'Since the awareness of air pollution has increased rapidly in Israel
• - (
during the last few years, present legislation and standards are mostly.of
a practical nature, for solving immediate "pressing" problems. The time
required for a thorough investigation of dose-effect relationships was not
available, and consequently it was decided to rely upon the experience of
more advanced countries in. this fjuld. Most of the Israeli air quality
standards are, therefore, tentative, and when sufficient local data become
available the standards will be modified accordingly.
456
-------
IL - 3
Sep 71
Tentative Air Quality Standards for about 43 different pollutants
have been adopted by the Ministry of Health. Those adopted for workroom
atmospheres are the Threshold Limit Values for 1970, published by the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; those used
for.radioactive air pollution are based on the recommendations of the
International Commission on Radiological Protection.
A considerable effort was devoted to the preparation of Buffer
Zone Standards. The various industries and trades were divided into
six groups according to the distance between specific plants and resi-
dential areas. Each industry was studies according to the potential of--
fense.s or nuisances that might result to its neighborhood. The minimum
buffer distances were 0, 50, 150, 500, 1000 and 2000 meters.
The first monitoring system installed is in the city of Tel Aviv.
This system is composed of 12 fixed stations and 1 mobile station, measuring
sulfur dioxide and soiling; some also measure wind direction and speed.
Four of the stations measure nitrogen oxides and total hydrocarbons. An
additional 15 stations for the cumulative measurement of settling dust
and total sulfur compounds, using the "Lead Peroxide Candle" method, are
distributed throughout the metropolitan area. Two continuous monitoring
stations for sulfur dioxide were recently installed in Ashdad, and a
similar system is now planned for Haifa. Semicontinuous surveys have
been made of air pollution in Haifa, and of hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans
and ammonia at the stabilization ponds of the Dan Region.
On a weight basis, approximately 160,000 tons of sulfur dioxide,
60,000 tons of nitrogen oxides and 250,000 tons of carbon monoxide are
emitted annually. Among other sources of pollution is the relatively high
level of settleable dust and particulates, including about 75,000 metric
tons of particulates from the cement industry alone. The following 50
percentile ambient concentrations were found in Tel Aviv in 1970: sulfur
dioxide 0.03 ppm, nitrogen oxides 0.05 ppm and carbon monoxide 2.0 ppm.
A comprehensive alert system adopted for the city of Tel Aviv
specifies two independent sets of conditions, with operating controls for
457
-------
IL - 4
Sep 71
each. The first part specifies alert levels for sulfur dioxide and
soiling index to control pollution resulting solely from Che new 5,28-
megawatt power plant in Tel Aviv, which is the major source of sulfur
dioxide. The second system specifies alert levels for sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and soiling index which result from
sources other than power plants, and the appropriate preventive pro-
cedures at each level.
Israeli standards for sulfur content of fuel specify a maximum of
0.1 percent in gasoline, 0.4 percent in diesel oil, and no present maximum
in fuel oil. Tentative standards have also been issued relating stack
height to emissions and to the height of surrounding buildings.
In general, present legislation does not provide detailed standards
and no single enabling act defines the responsibility for controls. There
is a series of older frame-acts, regulations and operational procedures
that may be used to carry out any necessary action or preventive measures.
The principal ones are listed below.
1. "Public Health Ordinance, 1940," together with the regulations
based upon it, enables officials of the Ministry of Health to
take appropriate action for the elimination of public health
nuisances, including air pollution and odor nuisances.
2. "Criminal Law Ordinance, 1936" is a general act with sections
enabling elimination of public nuisances, including air pollution,
noise, and smoke offenses.
3. "Trade and Industries Ordinance, 1927," together with its set of
"Special Conditions" (which are legal regulatory instructions)
for various trades and industries, includes various instructions
and standards pertaining to control of air pollution and offensive
odors resulting from trades and industries.
458
-------
IL - 5
Sep 71
4. "Law for Prevention of Nuisances, 1961" is the most recent
general frame-act which, together with its various regulations,
enables prevention of air pollution, noise, and "strong and
unreasonable" odors. The law encourages local municipalities
to issue by laws and regulations based upon it.
Besides these general acts, various specific laws and regulations
enable elimination of certain specific nuisances. For example, the "Tel
Aviv Power Plant Law, 1968" and its regulations set up specific standards,
instructions and procedures pertaining to this specific power plant and
its vicinity; "Transportation Regulation No. 155" forbids emission of
excessive smoke from motor vehicles; and certain regulations of the
"Workers Safety Act" permit a certain amount of control of indoor air
pollution.
Trends
It is recognized that an all-encompassing air pollution law is needed
to deal comprehensively with these problems and in addition to permit the
budgeting of the money necessary to establish controls within the framework
of the various local authorities. The passage of the law should be followed
by the establishment of standards and the provision of manpower and equipment
to supervise the control of pollutants emitted by industry and the municipal-
ities. The supervision of air pollutant emission by motor vehicles requires
definite action by the Registration Office of the Ministry of Transport and
by special police patrols for the prevention of visible smoke emission.
Surveys of cities and industries are needed to determine the prevailing
level of pollution and the amount of change with the passing of time. Industrial.
zones should be planned with the problem of air pollution taken into account.
It is preferable, at least in the early stages, to carry out applied research
in the field of air pollution and its prevention rather than to concentrate
on pure research that could, in most cases, be conducted more efficiently in
other countries that are already at a more advanced stage.
459
-------
IL - 6
Sep 71
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS ;
A Committee for Air Pollution Research was set up in 1969 at the
request of Deputy Premier Allon, under the National Council for Research IL-01
and Development (NCRD), with eight member scientists from the major govern-
ment and academic laboratories involved. This committee is now completing
its final report, including recommendations to the Government for adminis-
trative action and for research. The NCRD also cooperated with the Israel
Academy of Sciences and Humanities and its Committee for the International
Biological Program and the Biosphere, which is now incorporated in the
Israel National Committee on Biosphere and Environment. The Biosphere IL-02
Committee is a coordinating body that includes members from the Ministries
of Health, Justice, Agriculture, Development, Communications, Trade and
Industry, Housing and the Interior, plus scientists and representatives of
various public and scientific organizations such as the Israel Ecology IL-20
Association, the Society for the Preservation of Nature, and the Petroleum IL-22,11
Institute. The responsibilities of this committee include (1) defining
problems requiring action in connection with the quality of the environment
and its interactions with man, (2) recommending courses of action, including
legislation and the training of personnel, and (3) representing Israel in
the relevant international organizations. Its 1971 report to the United
Nations on "The Environment in Israel" is a detailed review of basic infor-
mation.
Several Ministries have responsibilities specifically related to air
pollution control. A new Commission of Directors General (of Ministries) for IL-04
the Environment, set up at the initiative of the Biosphere Committee, is to
coordinate among the various.Ministries on matters of major interest. Mr.
Zwi Terlo', Director-General of the Ministry of Justice, is Chairman of this
Commission. The Ministry of Health is responsible for the general safe- IL-05
guarding of public health in Israel, for recommending standards and legislation,
and for monitoring environmental health conditions. It maintains the Division
for Air Pollution and Radiation Control at Tel Aviv, the largest center for
air pollution research in the country. The Ministry of Transport has a
Committee for Prevention of Air Pollution, and maintains nominal control over IL-07
460
-------
IL - 7
Sep 71
motor vehicle emissions. New regulations on diesel smoke emissions have
been issued this year, but active enforcement may wait for the passage of
new enabling legislation. The Ministry of Transport also maintains the
government Meteorological Service at Beit Dagon, which is also the loca- IL-08
tion of the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research of the Ministry IL-09
of Agriculture. This institute carries out numerous joint projects in
plant and animal physiology with the Departments of Meteorology and ; IL-14
Agriculture of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Ministry of Labor
maintains a Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, which monitors conditions IL--10
of dust, noise, and indoor climate in industry. The Institute for
Biological Research, under NCRD, conducts research on applied biology. IL-11
The Public Council for the Prevention of Noise and Air Pollution in 1L-12
Israel is a voluntary organization that receives financial support from the
Ministry of Health. Its main office, known as MALRAZ is located in Tel IL-21
Aviv'and has branches in Haifa and in other cities. These societies are
concerned with public and community aspects of environmental controls.
At the municipal level, there is little supervision of air pollution con-
trol, and no separate departments for this purpose have been established
to da.te. Municipal advisory committees for air pollution control within
the city limits have recently been set up in Tel Aviv and Haifa.
The laboratory and information facilities of the Israel Petroleum IL-13
Institute are involved in both air and water conservation at its Center
for Prevention of Air and Water Pollution in Tel Aviv. Most of the govern-
ment and academic agencies concerned follow this general approach. There
are no private air pollution monitoring services at this time.
Major academic programs for training in air pollution control are
maintained at the Hebrew University, at the Technion-Israel Institute of IL-13
Technology in Haifa (which has a Center for Environmental Engineering
Research in Civil Engineering and a separate Building Research Institute,
concerned with the effects of air pollution on urban planning), and at the
University of Tel Aviv, which sponsors a separate Institute for Nature
461
-------
IL - 8
Sor 71
Conservation Research. The new Haifa University is setting up a related
program in its Biological Institute. The Ministry of Education is spon-
soring a system of field training hostel centers in practical ecology
for youth groups and adults, through the Society for the Preservation of l'L-22
Nature in Israel. The Israel Ecological Society is a scientific society IL--20
with open membership designed to encourage and promote research and
educational programs concerning ecology.
462
-------
«< I 1 INATJ/I/C
D| E|F oi|o2|o3J04
05
Couniry ! No. jType] Functions | Sources
NAME: National Council for Research
11
12|l3[l4Jjrf|/f22
Effects
23|24J25
Controls
31
32
33
*MXMl«]/N>U/71 (-IT
Remedies [ •
and Development
Committee for Air Pollution Research
ADDRESS:
Prime Ministers' Office
Hakirya, Building 3, Jerusalem
Tel.: (02)39231
AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
Members
Prof. .
Biolog:
PERSONNEL
J.
Neumann
: Prof. Z.
. Tadmor,
cal
Inst.
Altem
Nachal 5
Ness-Zic
an,
Size | Status j Date |
ACRONYM :
See
also
Function
Chairman
T. A. University,
oreque , Prof. M. Bitron,
na,
Meteorological services, Dr.
Coun. ftes.
and Devel . ,
Pifof.
Mr. M. Gilad,
U. Marinov, Nat.
A. Wachs , Ti-.clinion
Haifa, JDr. A. Donagi, Aiii Poll. & Radiation Lab,
AP aims and actions :
1. Pointing oul. the main cause of A.P. in Israel and its
effects.
2. (lathering data concerning research and measurements
in Israel on A.P. J
3. Suggestion Ot research and measurements vital for |
solving Isr.ieli A.P. problems according to significance.
4. Recommend to the National Council for Research and I
Devel. on the action needed to stimulate more research
concerning A.P.
Comments:
Organizing committee set up
in 1971 by Deputy Premier Allon:
Kiiial report in preparation.
LL ! 2 NAT
Country No ;Type
E
Functions
Sources
EHectg
^22|23|2«l25 2 | 3 3 A
Controls | Remedies | Siie [Status Dat
3/71
Date
NAME: i^sracL MHtional Committee on Biosphere and_ l-;nvironment
ADDRESS.
Prime Ministers Office
Hakirya, Building 3, Jerusalem
Tel.: (02) 39231
AFFIL.
ACRONYM:
See
also 1.4,6.7.9,11,18,19
Title PERSONNEL ' Function
Chairtnai! M. Even-Ari ' Prof. Hebrew University,
Dr.
E.Tal
Dept. of Botany
National Council for
Research and Development
AP-aims and actions:
Main coordinating body for all aspects of the environmen
including problem definitions, recommendations for train
ing, rest-arch, publications, and representing Israel in
relevant international organizations. Chairman and
members appointed jointly by the National Council for
Research and Development and the Israel Academy of Scieni
and Humanities, including representatives of appropriate
Ministries nnd of various public and scientific bodies.
Comments :
Publishes information bulletin.
"The Biosphere" (in Hebrew)
operates through 11 subcommittees,
including air pollution, urbaniza-
tion, and influence of the environ-
ments on man.
463
-------
Ail 3 j^VjA[BJ^D[E[Fjoi^[o2]ra[o4|w(l1_
12 13J14 15
^22J23{2425pfj^33Jj)*JMJ_LJM[s 1J2[? j j ^IT
Country No. jType Functions | Sources Effects ! Controls | Remedies | Size Status j Date j ;
NAME: The Haknesset (Parliament) Committee for Ecology ACRONYM:
See '
also
ADDRESS:
Haknesset Building
Jerusalem
Tel-: (02)61211
AFFIL:
I Title
M.K.
PERSONNEL
J. Tamir
Function
Chairman
AP aims and actions:
Central Commitee of Parliament for consideration of new
laws and regulations relating to conservation of air,
water, and soil.
Comments:
. IL ! 04 GOVAJBJ Cl DJEJF !oi 02
Country No. lType| Functions j So
03J04J06
urces
/I1J12
Yf
islHliBb^a^sjaAlzssi^JssJMJM L[M[S ij 2 3 sj T
ects i Controls Remedies Size Status Date
NAME: Commission of Directprs-General(of Ministries) for the
Environment
ADDRESS:
Ministry of Justice
2 Jaffa Road, Jerusalem
Tel.: (02) 27301
AFFIL:
The Israeli Cabinet
Title PERSONNEL
Mr.
Zwi Terlo
'
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
Chairman, Director-
General of Ministry
of Justice
AP aims and actions:
Government commission to take decisions on
matters of princ.iple or of major importance to
coordinate, where necessary, between the various
ministries•
Comments:
Set up in 1971 at the
initiative of the Israel
National Committee on
Biosphere and EnvironmentIL-02)
464
-------
IL | 05
Country ' | No.
GOV l/^^l ^"\r
E
F
Type| Functions
NAME: Division of Air
01
Sources (
12|l3Jl/15
Effects
jifOsi [32)33
34
35 f
Controls ] Remedies
Pollution and Radiation Control
Ministry of Health
ADDRESS:
27 Professor Shor
Tel Aviv
Tel.: (03) 440026
AFFIL:
Street
Title
Dr.
Mr.
Dr.
Mr.
PERSONNEL
Alexander Donagi
Meir Nave
Joseph Kendler
Nathan Miizor
M
ll/2L3J9/7L ISI T
Size [Status | Date |
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
Division Head
Asst. Division Head
Head, Chem. Res. Dept.
Ilnad, Admin. Dept .
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Central body for the appraisal ,-ind control of air Central laboratory is the biggest
pollution, radiation hazards, noise and odor control. center of A.P. research in Israel.
Advisory capacity to legislative bodies, supervises I
implementation of laws and regulations, conducts research,
training courses, and provides advice and information I
to public and semi-public organizations.
o6
_
Country ; No. |Type
ATABC
Type| Functi
Sources
Effects
21J22J23J24J25
Controls
Remedies
Status
Date
S T
NAME: Committee for Preparation of Kegulations Implementing
the Law for Prevention of Nuisances - 1969
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL:
c/o Ministry of Health (IL-05)
Ministry of Health
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Dr. A. Donagi
Prof. 1. Gross
(Hebrew Univ.)
Dr. A. Mann
(Donollo Hospital
Tel Aviv)
Function
Chairman
Chairman, Sub-Committee
on Air Pollution
Chairman, Sub-Committee
on noise
AP aims and actions:
Committee of 15 members from the public and
from government to recommend ordinances implementing
the 1969 Kanowitz Law.
Comments:
465
-------
Country I No. "|Typa
| Fun
ctions
Sources
Effects
Controls
!35! ^i5 L1!2 L3 '
Remedies | Size [ Statu/~j~Dat:) ]
NAME: The Committee for Prevention of Air Pollution ACRONVM:
Min of Transport a,so
ADDRESS :
Min. of Transport, 9, Achad Ma'am
St. , Tel Aviv
Tel.: (03)50561
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
R".~Har 'el "
Function
Chairman (Gene fa 1
Manager of Min. of
Transport)
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Supervision of motor vehicle emissions, has been nomiiui 1.
Speciiic regulations issued in 1971 for smoke emission^..
IL 8 cc\\i',/f\ B] ciyi E|F :01|02J03 04:05|11 12I13I14 15
. . i"y " f -I- i ->f i i 4- i ' ' ' — *— - ' ^ -•'
Country No. [Typej Functions j Sources Effects
Controls
NAME: Israel Meteorological Service
Min of Transport
ADDRESS.
Beit Dagon
Tel.: (03) 625231_
AFFIL. ~~:
Ministry of Transport
''"' I l
31|32 33 34
Remedies
| Size
vi3 slr
Status Date
ACRONYM:
'See
also
Title ' PERSONNEL
ling'.
M.Sc.
A. Manes
M. Rindsberger
'
Function
Director, Research and
Development Dept.
Director, Environmental
Research Section
AP aims and actions:
I. Research in meteorological aspects of air pollution.
2. Air quality measurements.
3. Forecasting air pollution potential.
4. Air pollution climatology.
r.i. Atmospheric radioactivity and turbidity, in
cooperation with Atomic Energy Commission and Soreg
Radi.ation Research Labs for evaluation of environment
dangers.
fa. Consultation on air pollution problems.
Comments:
Publications
466
-------
Country No. typef Functions [ Sources j
yf|l3 14|ls|21J22J23J24|25|31 32J33 34
W/Hs i 2|3| 1 sir
Effects I Controls j Remedies | Size Status | Date | .
NAME: Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research ACRONYM:
Ministry of Agriculture also
ADDRESS.
I'.O. Box 6
lie 1 1 Dagon
Israel
Tel.: (03) 944334
"AFFIL:
Ministry of Agriculture
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
AP aims and actions:
Departments of Plant Protect Lou ;ind others conduct
Research Projects on Agricultural, Meteorology, and
Environmental problems in plant ,'md animal phsiology.
Comments:
Many joint projects at Hei!
Dagon with Hebrew University
Faculty of Agriculture
Country No. jTypej Functions Sources
13141521I22J23';24'25|3132'3334L35
Effects
Controls
Ftemodies
23
Size | Status Djte
• S T
NAME: Laboratory of I'n viroiimenr.il Hygiene
ADDRESS .
Tel.:
AFFIL:
59 Eilat St.
Tel Aviv - Yafu
Ministry of Labor
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Engr.
PERSONNEL
Function
Head of Laboratory
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Tests and monitors environrneiit.il conditions in industry.
467
-------
IL j 11 llAT A
Country j No. (Type
B|C D E]F 01 0203040s}ll|l2|l3J14[ie
Functions Sources Effect*
21J22J23J24J26J31J32J33|34[3B L MJ S lj P j 3 | ; | S j T
(Controls | Remedies .Sirs Status [Date ' , ..{
NAME: Israel Institute tor Biological Research .A?.?ONYM :
See
also
ADDRESS: p,0- Box 19
Ness Ziona
Israel
Tel.: (03) 958861
"AFFIL:
National Council for Research
and Development
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL
M. Bitron
Function
Head, Dcjpt. of Physical
Chum, and Air Hygioni.
AP aims and actions:
Conducts research on applied biology, including
problems related to air pollution.
I Comments:
IL j 12 NAT!A| BJCID, EiF |Ol|o2l0304J05|ll|l2|l3[l4|l6 2l|22J23|24|25
_. .. i _• „ L L - 1- . 1 ..,L I ' 1 . -i -- '. I ' 1 —I . j I L_ J— 1 - .-L
Country No. Type] Functions | Sources | Effects i Controls
31J32J33J34I35
Remedies
L[M[S
Size
1 2[3
Status Date A
NAME:
Thu Public Council for the Prevention of Noiso
and Air Pollution
ADDRESS:
P. 0. Box 23047
Tol Aviv - Yafo
Tel.: (03) 241307
AFFIL:
ACRONYM: MALRAZ
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Mr.
Mr.
D. Sivan
A. Peranio
Function
Secy . General
Eng'rg Consultant
AP aims and actions:
1. Assist public in obtaining and maintaining desirable-
levels of air quality (includes noise).
2. Assist in preparation of legal actions in this
field.
3. Active in public forums: Press, Radio, TV
4. Help establish similar councils in other parts
of Israel.
Comments:
Issues occasional reports
468
-------
IL
Country
13
No. (Type)
Functions
Sources
Ettects
Controls
Remedies
Site [Status | Date
_J.'lT
Title
NAME: Center for Prevention of Air and Water PpJJut_Lon
Israel^ Petroleum Institute
ADDRESS:
The University St., K.'iin.-n. Aviv,
I'd -Aviv
Tisl : (III) 419055, (03) '. I-,'j 71
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
PERSONNEL
Mr. j Menaclu-m Chen
Dr. i Gottesman
Prof. Pickard
Mr. N. Zuckerman
Dr. A. Donagi
Function
Chairman
AP aims and actions :
Prevention of A.P. and W.iter Pollution from petroleum.
Comments :
The Institute is equipped with
a laboratory and hns an up-to-
date information center.
Country No. |Typej Functions |
02|0304j05:11
I i 1 -4— <
Sources 1
/13
Effec
s • Controls
NAME: Dcpt. of Atmospheric Sciences
Hebrew University
<3ii32l33H
| Remedies
35 L M
/|1J2L/~ SJ T
Size | Status | Date
ACRONYM:
I ' See
also
ADDRESS:
Jerusalem
1 s rae 1
Tel.: (02) 39003, (02) 352 91
AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL
J . Ne umann
AP aims and actions :
Meteorological aspects "f ^ii r pollution, ozone concen-
tration measurements in Jerusalem and research.
.
Head
Function
of Department
Comments :
reports
Related studies in departments of botany, medical ecology.
469
-------
IL '15
Country No.
NAME: Dept
/CD ,A
B
Fi
C i D | E ! F 01 02 03|04j05 11 1 2
notions | Sources | Efl
13
cc
14J15
s
Controls
*
32
Re
. of Environmental Sciences
University
ADDRESS.
of Tel Aviv
Kamat Aviv
1 srael
Tel.: (03) AIM
AFFIL:
11/233
medies | Size | Status j Date T
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title ! PERSONNEL
Prof. ! 7,. Alternian
AP aims and actions :
Research on
air pollution, meteorology, and
studies of
function
Head "f |.)ft pi:.
Comments :
upper ai mosphere . j
Reports
University also conducts environmentul studies (water
and air) in Science Department'. of Zoology, Botany and
Plant l.rology, and hospital studies on problems in
envi roniiiental health.
IL 16 ACDA B,C D, EiF 'oV02 03 0405111 12ll3ll4|l5!21i22;23'24!25 31 !32|33|34 35
. i i I 1 i ; : . : _^_ . . i i | 1 i . 1 i i I -
Country No (Type1 Functions ; Sourct;a . Effects . Controls Remedies
L|M[S
Size
11213
Status
IS T
Date
NAME: Institute for Nature Conservation Research
ADDRESS.
Te 1 Av L v Un i ve rs i ty
To 1 Aviv
Tel
AFFIL
ACRONYM:
also
Title
PERSONNEL
A. Zaliavi
Function
Head
AP aims and actions :
Comments:
I
470
-------
IL \U JCD
Country ! No. Type
NAME: Sanitary
/y c i/i E i F jpyy^i05!/
12J/Ml5j
Functions ] Sources j Effects
2lbi|23J^j^]31 32 33 34
35J/M SJ/[2 3 3/71 Si T
Controls ] Remedies [ Size | Status Date
Ensineerine Lab ACRONYM:
See
Technion Faculty of Civil Ene'rp also
ADDRESS:
Technion
Hal fa
Tel.: (04)225111/359
AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL Function
A. Wacli.q
Head; Dean of Faculty
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Air pollution research and measurements. Measurements
were and are carried out especially in the Haifa - Reports
District, but also in other parts of the country.
Regular courses on air pollution, field surveys on in-
cinerators,. motors , effects of nernsols, and epidemiology.
Plans set up for a "Center of Keso.irch in Environmental
Engineering'•
IL jia ACD_>
Country' No JType|
1 ', ' 1' i ' '
BlclDJEJF 01!02 0304i05'11
Functions | Sources [
12ll3ll4|l5J21|22|23i24J25J3l|32|33l34J35 L M| SJ 1 2J3 3/ 71 JSJT
Effects
NAME: Technion Building Research Institute
Controls j Remedies Size | Status Date J
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa
Tel.: (04) 225111
"AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL Function
B. Civoni
Senior Research Associate
Dept. of Building
Climatology, Technion
•AP aims and actions:
Physiological and sensory effects of air and water
quality on Urban planning.
Effect of planning on motor vehicle air pollution
Comments:
471
-------
II ' 19 ' ACD^ B C
Country "• No JType! Functio
i D| EJF ;Olio2|o3:04!o5ill|l2J13|l4!l5|2l!22|23J24|25J3l|32|33|34|35! L MJ si l|2J3 I
1.. i-.l_.4-.J. J I . I I..-1 -J-.-L-J—11—L_J—L__J_1—I—I—i_l__L_J—L._i- I
lions I Sources ! Effects | Controls | Remedies { Size | Status [ Date
NAME: Haifa University
Biological Institute
ADDRESS:
Haifa
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
AP aims and actions :
A new university; setting up research programs on
Monitoring Air and Water Pollution.
Comments :
IL 2U SUC A! B! Cj D. EIF 'oi 02|0304:05[1ljl2|l3 14|l5i2li22;23J24l2531 32|33l34!35 L|M|silj2 3 I
.. .. ,„, . L L I .. I. 1 !_ _J 1 .1 i -_I I— J . _J L . -i I—.—1 .... - 1 L . ! • L . J. —1 - 1. —L
Country No. !Type: Functions '. Sources ' Effects ! Controls Remedies Size (Status [Date
NAME: The Israel Ecological Society
ADDRESS:
Heller Institute
Tel Hashomer Hospital
Tel Aviv Israel
Tel: (OJ) 755121
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title ! PERSONNEJ.
Prof, i E. Zohar
Function
1'resident
AP aims and actions :
1) Scientific Socioty dealing with ecological problems.
2) To encourage, spread .ind develop the ecological
sciences. To encourage and promote research, and
initiate education concerning ecology.
3) Open membership.
Comments :
472
-------
IL
Country
21 SOC
No. Type
25 31 32 33 34 35
Functions
Controls
Remedies
•h
Us
23
L M
Size Status
I'll.
Date
NAME: The Haifa Public Council for Conservation of Environmental
Quality
ADDRESS:
18a Ruth -St.
Haifa, Israel
Tel.: (04)88320
AFFIL:
See "Malraz" (IL-12)
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
A. Per.inio
Function
Chairman
AP aims and actions:
1) Maintaining quality of environment
2) Esthetics of Urban Setting
3) Preservation of Public Natural (Greenery, Parks,
Shoreline) Resources
A) Active in Public Forums
Comments:
Publishes bulletins and
occasional reports
IL ! 22 JSOCJA|B|C|DJE|F 01
Country ' No. [Type| Functions
02J03 04J06J11
Sources !
NAME: Society for the Preservation of
ADDRESS .
it, Hashfela Street
Tel Aviv, Israel
Tel.: (03) 35063
"AFFIL.
Ministry of Education
-
ffijS
Effects
21J22|23J24|25J31J32|3334
35 L M S 1 j 2 | 3 |SiT
Controls ] Remedies Size Status Date j
Nature in Israel ACRONYM;
See
also
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
A. A Ion
Function
Secretary General
AR aims and actions:
Maintains a system of 12 field study centers for week-
day training of students and week-end training of youth
groups and adults in research, education and management,
in practical ecology.
Comments:
Bimonthly Journal on conservation
"Nature and the Land"
(Teva Va'aretz)
473
-------
IL
Country ; No. |Type|
'A|B|C|DJE|F [oiJo203Jo4J06
T Functions I Sources
12
13
14 15
Effects
21
22 23 24 25 31
Controls
Remedies
Size Status Date
NAME: The Haifa Public Council for Conservation of Environmental
Quality
ADDRESS:
18a Ruth St.
Haifa, Israel
Tel: (04)88320
AFFIL:
See "Malraz" (1L-12)
ACRONYM:
Sue
also
JTitle
Mr.
PERSONNEL
Function
A. Peranio
Chairman
A P .aims and actions:
1) Maintaining quality of environment
2) Esthetics of Urban Setting
3) Preservation of Public Natural (Greenery, Parks,
Shoreline) Resources
4) Active in Public Forums
Comments:
Publishes bulletins and
occasional reports
IL i 22 ISOCJAJB
clDlEJF
Country • No. [Type] Functions
01
02|o3
04105
Sources
11
12|l3|l4|l6
Effects
21J22
23
24
26
Controls
31
32
33
34
35
Remedies
L
M
S
Size
'[»
3
Status
Date
|*
I
T
NAME: Society for thu Preservation of Nature in Israel
ADDRESS: ~~
ACRONYM:
I sea
also
A, Hashfula Street
Tel Aviv, Israel
Tel.: (03) 35063
AFFIL.
Ministry of Education
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
A. Alon
Function
Secretary General
AP aims and actions:
Maintains a system of 12 field study centers for week-
day training of .students and week-end training of youth
groups u.id adults Ln res<_-'jrch, education and management,
in practical ecology.
Comments:
Bimonthly Journal on conservation
"Nature and the Land"
(Teva Va'aretz)
474
-------
ITALY
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
It has often been said that there are two Italies: the industrial north
and the impoverished south (the Mezzogiorno), but the lines of this distinc-
tion, once so starkly true, are slowly growing less clear with the develop-
ment of industry in Sicily, Bari, Taranto, Naples, and so on, under the
guidance and assistance of the Government fund: Cassa per il Mezzogiorno.
For the time being, however, it remains true that potential sources of
pollution are concentrated in the north, especially in and around the Po
Valley, notably Milan.
Italy has a rapidly increasing population which is at present about 54
million. For its area, the country is densely populated because so much of
it is mountainous. The principal towns' (north to south) are:
Milan
Turin
Genoa
Venice
Bologna
Florence
Rome
Naples
Bari
Palermo
(Milano)
(Turnio)
(Genova)
(Venezia)
(Firenze)
(Roma)
(Napoli)
1.7 million
1.1 million
0.8 million
0.4 million
0.5 million
0.4 million
2.5 million
1. 2 million
0.3 million
0.6 million
Rome is the political and commercial capital.
1 The
most important economic activity in Italy is agriculture; 40 percent
of the population devote their energies to this. Industry occupies 30 percent
475
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I. - 2
Jul 71
of the population, but the distribution is very uneven, for more than a
third of the industry activity takes place in the north, in the area be-
tween Genoa, Turin, Milan and Venice where hydroelectric power is avail-
able and transport is easier.
Bauxite or iron pyrites are the only extensive mineral resources,
though mercury, sulfur, lead and zinc are worked. There is very little
indigenous coal or oil, and the natural gas resources of the Po Valley
are nearing exhaustion. However, it is thought that further gas or oil
may lie off the Adriatic shore. Gas is imported from Libya.
Aluminum plants are active at Porto Marghera (Venice), Bolzano and
Mori (Lake r.arda); steel is produced at Genoa, Turin, Milan, Cogne (Val
d'Aosta), Portoferraio/Piombino, Terni and Naples. Much of the rest of
Italian industry is based on conversion: motor manufacture (Turin), ship
building (Genoa), textiles, chemicals, and light engineering (Milan, Naples).
Because of the pattern of fuel resources, industry makes considerable use
of electrical power.
Domestic and commercial heating is largely by oil or electricity.
Until recently, special light fuel oils were extensively used for these
applications, leading to air .pollution problems with particulates of sul-
fur oxides. A change to gas oil for domestic and similar heating is part
of the new clean air legislation.
Political Features
Interest in and concern about air pollution in Italy has increased
appreciably since 1966. All the communications media keep the public in-
formed of m.ijor events, and most of the administrative and political bodies
now consider air pollution control, prevention or abatement as primary
problems for solution.
Citizens' groups for air conservation are to be found in many of the
larger towns. The most significant, "Italia Nostra," has been very active 1.086
in the Milan Clean Air campaign, which was developed through seminars,
1476
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I - 3
Jul 71
conferences, etc. The local press supported this and the public was in-
vited to sign a document, riade available at several public sites in the
area, supporting the "Italia Nostra" activity.
The press, local administrative and political bodies, civil groups
and public opinion play a growing role in influencing decisions for the
installation and/or expansion of industrial works, power plants, refineries,
etc., in the light of their air pollution potential. At present, petroleum
refineries and petroleum problems are widely identified among the important
sources of air pol*3Lutibn; for the time being, other industrial Remissions
and vehicle emissions receive less attention, possibly because they are
more diverse and appear to present greater difficulties for control..
Present Controls
National, Local
The Italian Civil and Penal Codes contain sections enjoining "good
neighborliness" upon individuals and organizations but, as in other countries,
these provisions are largely ineffective in practice. Local legislation is
possible under the public health laws, and Milan had an ordinance on this
basis to control fuel quality for certain applications (now superseded by
the national Regulation on Domestic Heating).
The effective legislation concerning air pollution is contained in Law
No. 615 issued on July 13, 1966, under the title "Provvedimenti contro
1"Inquinamento Atmosferico" (Provisions against Air Pollution) and published
in the "Gazzetta Ufficiale" of August 13, 1966. The structure and principal
features of this "framework" Law are discussed below and summarized in
Appendix A.
Under Law 615, Italian territory is grouped by urban population into
three categories: Zone A, comprising moderate-sized towns in the Center and
North, and rather larger areas in the South; Zone B, comprising the largest
towns; and the remainder. The communes falling into the A and B categories
were identified in a Ministerial Decree of November 23, 1967 (Gazzetta
477
-------
.1 ul 71
Ufficiale, December 13, 1967) later amended, in accordance wj V.u provision
for re-classification, on February 1, 1971. As is described below, this
division of the territory into zones is relevant to the qualities of fuel;;
that may be used there.
The technical aspects of Law 615 are being defined through three sets
of Regulations concerned respectively with Domestic Heating, Industrial
Emissions, and Vehicular Emissions. The status and principal provisions
of these regulations are outlined below and in Appendix B.
The Domestic Heating Regulations were published on January 9, 1968,
with amendments published on March 8, 1971. Using the zoning provisions
and fuel quality requirements of Law 615, the regulations defi.ne the types
of heating equipment affected (space heating, water heating for dome.*; tic
and similar uses, cooking, dish-washing, medical disinfection and steril---
ization, laundry and similar uses, refuse incinerators below 1 ton per cUiy,
and bakeries). They also set out the procedures and organizations for
supervision and enforcement. The Domestic Keating Regulations were re-
vised and reissued as No. 1391 on March 8, 1971.
The effect of the regulations is to require the use of the following
liquid fuels (there are no limitations on fuel usage in the unclassified
areas):
Thermal capacity/unit,
kcal/hr
<30,000
30,000 - 500,000
500,000 - 1,000,000
.M, 000,000
Zone A
Zone B
gas oil gas oil
It. fuel oil gas oil
It. fuel oil It. fuel oil*
hvy. fuel oil hvy. fuel oil
Amendments recently put forward for Law 615 propose gas oil for this
application.
478
-------
The relevant fuel qualities are:
gas oil
light fuel oil
heavy fuel oil
viscosity,
°E/50°C
5 maximum
5 minimum
sulfur,
1.1*
3.0
4.0
In general, the domestic heating regulations require most heating
units to be fired with gas oil instead of the light residual fuel oil
previously burned for taxation reasons (an impost repealed in 1968), but
although the domestic heatJng regulation became officially effective on
July 9, 1968, it is still not fully operative because the Fire Brigade
and Regional, Provincial and Municipal authorities lack manpower to inspect
and approve installations.
The Industrial Emissions Regulations were published in the Gazetta
Ufficiale on June 9, 1971, and are expected to come into effect in Septem-
ber 1971. They require all industrial plant, new and old, in Zones A and
B to be equipped with means for abating pollution to the lowest technically
achievable levels, but always to the levels established in the operating
license for the plant. The pollution is to be monitored at the fence by
the plant concerned. Ground level concentrations must not exceed limits
established by the Regulations (these are summarized in Appendix E). Tem-
porary waivers are granted for older plant and during startup, but failure
of abatement facilities requires either the use of stand-by facilities or
shut-down of the operating unit concerned.
The Heavy Vehicle Regulations, published on June 9, 1971, will come
into effect in December 1971. They set smoke opacity limits for all new
and used diesel-engine vehicles. ^The optical equipment is to be defined.
by the Direzione Generale dei Trasporti (Department of Transport).
Gas oil sulfur to be reduced to 0.8 percent fron January 1972 (proposal).
479
-------
J - 6
JuJ 71
Regulations to control emissions from gasol ine-eugi.ne vehicles l";i 1.1
into two parts. The. Regulation for new cars follows the limitations on
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and blow-by control of KCK
Regulation 15 and Directive. 70/220/CEE for type approval, and is expected
to be published in October 1971. For used cars, Regulations are being
drafted to limit carbon monoxide emissions at idla to the minimum levels
consistent with good driveability.
Administration
As indicated in Appendix A, the early Articles of Law 615 concern
the establishment of a Central Commission and of Regional* Commissions for
air pollution; the constitution and responsibilities of these commissions
are shown :in Appendix C. These Commissions are responsible for advising
central and regional heaJth and administrative authorities in all air
pollution matters. Within the present Provinces, the Laboratorio Provin-
ciale di Igiene e Profilassi (Provincial Laboratory of Hygiene and Pre-
ventive Medicine) is the official body charged with responsibility for
the analytical work required in the control of air pollution. Hitherto,
several Municipal Hygiene Offices have undertaken this survey work (as,
for example, in Milan). These Municipal Hygiene Offices remain responsi-
ble for health aspects of pollution. The enforcement of the air conserva-
tion regulations, regarding inspection and licensing of heating plant,
fuels, safety and so on; falls to the local Vigili del Fuoco (VV.FF - Fire
Brigade)', an independent body responsible for dealing with fires, building
accidents, floods, etc., which takes responsibility from the Divisione del
Servizi Anti-Incendio e delle Protezzione Civile of the Ministero degli
Interni (Ministry of the Interior).
The Government may set up special legislative provisions for Milan
and its province in recognition of the special air pollution problems
there due to the peculiar geographical and meteorological factors involved.
*
In 1970, a new administrative structure set up 16 Regions in place of
of the previous 90 Provinces. Some of the administrative bodies have
still to establish their (air pollution) responsibilities.
The names of the 16 Regions are: Trentino-Alto-Adige, Valle di Aosta,
Liguria, Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana, Lazio, Campania,
Abbruzzo, Molise, Puplia, Calabria, Basilicate, Sardegna, and Sicilia.
480
-------
1-7
Jul 71
Trends
Current Interests
As indicated above, considerable effort is currently being expended
in establishing the administrative organization required under Law 615
and in implementing the requirements of the various regulations. Despite
the problems, especially in dealing with the numerous small domestic units,
improvement in air quality is expected to be quickly remarkable.
At government level, interest continues in bringing under control
all forms of pollutant emissions, not excluding water pollution.
Foreseen Controls
As mentioned above, controls on emissions from both new and used
cars are being prepared, and were expected to come into force in 1972.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
Under Law 615, the key organization is undoubtedly the Commissione
Centrale contro 1'Inquinamento Atmosferico (Central Commission for Air I.001
Pollution), together with its attendent Regional Commissions. As indi- 1.002
cated by their membership and responsibilities (listed in Appendix C),
these Commissions comprise a wide range of knowledge and experience.
Their role can be expected to grow further with the evolution of the
technical Regulations within Law.615.
The legislative, technical and hygiene aspects of air pollution are
the responsibility of various groups and departments reporting to the
Minister of Health; a "chart" of these organizations is shown in Appendix
F. The Institute Superiore di Sanita (Upper Health Institute) advises the
Minister cb'.rectly on all technical and health matters, and lias several
well-equipped laboratories covering many aspects of hygiene. Its Labor--
atorio di Ingegneria Sanitaria (Health Engineering Laboratory) includes 1.004
air pollution, noise and radioactivity amongst its functions. In effect,
this Laboratory is the principal governmental laboratory for air pollution
hygiene, though much supporting work is carried out in University institutes.
481
-------
In the Ministry of Health, the administrative department responsible
for preparing the legislation and regulatory controls on .air pollution is.
the Direzione Generale dell'Igiene Pubblica (Department of 1'ubl.ic hygiene).
This Department coordinates tlie views of other Ministries and is assisted—
as are other Health Departments—by the large Consiglio Superiore di
Sanita (High Council for health), an expert consultative body attached to
the Ministry of Health, with one Section for air pollution matters.
Air pollution matters of local concern are handled by the Commission.!
Regionali contro I1 Inquinamento Atmosferico (Regional Commissions for Air I . 01)11
Pollution), set up under Law 615 and whose constitution and functions are
described in Appendix C. Within the emerging Regions., interest in and
responsibility for air pollution activity has hitherto arisen within the
hygiene department of the Comune (Municipality). Naturally., the greatest
activity has occurred where problems have been most evident: Milan, Turin,
Genoa, and so on. However, the Provincial Laboratories now have official
responsibility for surveys and measurements of air pollution under Law
615.
The municipal hygiene departments also assist with abatement measures
and, in the past, in the application of the local ordinances designed to
protect public health. Thus, in Milan, the very active Ufficio di Igiene
e Sanita* del Comune di Milano (Hygiene Department of Milan Municipality) I.U25
has long undertaken air quality surveys in the Milan urban area. It is
currently assisting the local Vigili del Fuoco (Fire Department) in in-
specting domestic heating installations and in enforcing the requirements
of the Domestic Heating Regulation. The Sezione Ilbis: Fisica Sanitaria
(Health Physics Section), responsible for drinking water and air and
water pollution, has recently been enlarged and its work is soon to be
reallocated among two new divisions: one for air and water pollution of
domestic and vehicular origin, and the other for pollution from industry.
This municipal department is now assisting the officially responsible
Laboratorio Chimico Provinciale di Mi1ano (the Milan Province Chemical i.024
Laboratory) in setting up a Sulfur Dioxide Survey Network in the area,
482
-------
based on Philips telemetering instruments and Rijnmond experiment. Con- NL.008
centrations and size- ranges of ambient praticulates are also being meas-
ured and analyzed from continuous filter strips. Similar monitoring net-
works have been set up in Turin and Genoa, coordinated respectively by
the Turin Hygiene and Prophylaxis Laboratory and the Institute of Hygiene
of Genoa University.
Research and other fundamental studies of air pollution problems are
undertaken in a small number of national institutes, at a large number of
university institutes, and by a few industrial associations.
Among the national institutes, one is predominant. The Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR—National Research Council) is responsible 1.006
for coordinating and supporting many aspects of research in Italy. Its
own Laboratorio sull*inquinamento Atmosferico (Air Pollution Laboratory),
at present located in Rome University, coordinates all Italian air pol-
lution research and represents the country on international groups. It
promotes education in air quality conservation, and is attempting to
standardize such matters as monitoring equipment and techniques.
CNR supports the activities of other laboratories: for instance, the
Institute di Fisica dell'Atmosfera (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) 1.007
which studies ambient radiation; the Institute Nazionale Motori (National 1.008
Engines Institute) at Naples, which examines vehicle emissions detoxing
systems; and the Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili (Experimental I.Oil
Fuels Station). This last is a large and very active research laboratory
and documentation center, one of eight experimental stations reporting to
the Ministero dell'Industria, del Commercio e dell'Artigianato (Ministry
for Industry, Commerce and Small Industries). Its activities include
research on flue gas cleaning and fuel oil desulfurization (it is the only
Italian organization tackling the latter), and studies of vehicle exhaust
emissions, all directly supported by CNR. It undertakes commissioned work
on fuel quality, and is also cooperating (with the Milan Laboratorio 1.024
Chimico Provinciale) in a survey of urban pollution organized by Esso's
Research Center in England. GB.083
483
-------
- 10
.f "7.1
In the academic world, conservation problems are handled :it most
Universities in the Institute di Igiene (Hygiene Institute), buL occa-
sionally the faculties of Engineering or Chemistry may be involved. At
least half of the 21 State and 5 'Free' universities in Italy have a
Hygiene Institute with air pollution activities but, as with official or
industry activity, interest in air pollution tends to be concentrated in
those areas where the problems are most apparent.
At the Institute di Igiene dall'Universita di Genova, Professor 1.064
Petrilli has long enjoyed an international reputation for his work on
ambient air pollution and its effects on health; studies of carbon monoxide
in road tunnels and in drivers' blood have recently been completed.
Professor Zurlo of the Institute di Medicina del Lavoro (Institute T.068
of Occupational Hygiene) at Milan University has investigated fluorides
and acrolein in connection with workers' health.
Professor Seppilli of the Institute di Igiene del'Universita di 1.075
Perugia has measured, the concentrations of polycyclic hydrocarbons in con-
fined spaces, and Professor Valori of Rome University's Institute di 1.076
Igiene has studied the emission of several different polycyclic hydro-
carbons from car engines under various conditions. (Related investigations
are also in hand at the Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili—I.Oil.)
At the Institute di Fisica Tecnica (Institute of Technical Physics) 1.078
at Trieste University, Professor Finzi-Contini has made studies of the
natural decay of sulfur dioxide and has also prepared a computer model of
atmospheric diffusion. Similar work on the atmosphere is being carried
out by Professor Santomauro at the Osservatorio Meteorologico di Brera 1.070
(Brera Meteorological Observatory) in Milan. "*
Many university professors provide a consultancy service for industry.
Professor Padovani (now retired from the Stazione Sperimentale per i 1.081
Combustibili) and Professor Rigamonti (also retired, from Turin Polytechnic), 1.082
Professor Petrilli (Genoa Hygiene Institute), Professor Ferraiolo (Genoa
-------
I - 11
Jul 71
Chemical Plant Institute), Professor Santomauro (Brera) and Professor
Finzi-Contini are particularly to be noted. Professor Liberti and Dr.
Cantuti of. the Analytical Chemistry Institute at Rome University have 1.077
close connections with CNR (1.006).
The views of Italian industry are partly coordinated through
CONFINDUSTRIA, the general confederation of non-nationalized companies, 1.041
but nationalized industries channel their opinions through the respons-
ible Ministry.
Probably as a result of public and government interest in the poten-
tial for pollution in the refining and utilization of oil products, the
oil industry is both active itself and associated with a number of active
organizations. Air quality surveys have been made around most Italian
refineries, usually with the assistance of one of the consultant profes-
sors mentioned above. CUNA (Comitato Unificazione Nazionale Autoveicoli--- 1.046
National Committee for Vehicle Standardization), supported jointly by
the oil and motor industries, correlates fuel specifications, vehicle
emissions test procedure, and .similar matters.
The Unione Petrblifera (UP—Petroleum Industry Association) is an . 1.050
information group which also provides a means of coordinating oil industry
opinions. A working group is reviewing sulfur dioxide monitoring tech-
niques with a view to proposing a standard procedure for official recog-
nition. Vehicle emission aspects are left, however, to CUNA and to ANFIA I-P^.9
(Associazione Nazionale fra Industria Automobilistichi—National Associ-
ation of the Automobile Industry).
An interesting development is a research agreement between Fiat, ENI, 1.055
Esso and Mobil* to undertake a pooled investigation on the control of
vehicle emissions: i.e., car detoxing systems and fuel quality effects,
•
Fiat - Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino 1.053
ENI - Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi 1.052
Esso - Esso Standard Italiana 1.054
Mobil - Mobil Italiana
U85
-------
__
Jul 71
and also the air quality in three significant towns (Milan, .Rome and
Turin), for which the Institute of Hygiene of Rome University (1.076)
is the apent.
Esso Standard Italiana is also undertaking studies of ways of re-- F.US4
ducing emissions from automobiles, as well as making surveys around its
refineries and cooperating with Esso Petroleum Co. Ltd. (Gli....) in their
urban pollution study (in Italy in Milan - See also 1.011 and 1.024).
Other industries are now beginning to develop air pollution groups.
Thus ASSCHIMICI (Associazione Nazionale dell1Industria Chimica—National 1.044
Association of the Chemical Industry) is proposing to establish an advisory
committee for air pollution questions.
Social pressure groups exert their greatest activity in the Milan
area, even the country-wide "Italia Nostra." Two local groups are "Lega 1.086
Italiana" (Lega Italiana contra i Fumi ed i Rumori---!talian League against 1.085
Smoke and Noise) and CRIAL (Centro Regionale Inquinamento Atmosferico 1.087
Lombardia—Regional AP Center of Lombardy).
•U86
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1-13
Jul 71
APPENDIX A
AIR POLLUTION LAW 615
STRUCTURE AND MAJOR FEATURES
Approved:
Published:
Effective:
15 July 1966
12 August 1966
15 February 1967
The Law contains 7 Sections comprising 27 Articles divided as follows:-
S.I
Art. 1-7
General arrangements
S.TI
Art. 8-10
S.ITT
Art. 11-14
S. TV
Art. 15-19
S.V.
Art. 20-21
Heating plant
Fuels
Operation and ControJ
Industries
S.VI
Art. 22-24
S.VII
Art. 25-27
Motor Vehicles
(Otto and Diesel)
Further arrangements
Application - division of National
Territory into Zones - establishment
and functions of Central and
Regional Commissions - provisions
for making surveys of AP.
Requirements for heating plant XJO 000
k.cal/h - regulations for construction
and modification - approval by Fire
Dept., appeal to Prefect, penalties.
Fuel types and characteristics
permitted in the various Zones for
plant of various heating capacities -
records, appeals and penalties.
General operating requirements -
licences for plant >200 000 k.cal/h/unit,
and penalties - records, supervision
of fuels and emissions, penalties.
General requirements for emission
control for various industry classifi-
cations - supervision, penalties,
cessation of operation, responsible
authorities - implications for town
planning.
General requirements - responsible
authorities - penalties --periodic
testing.
Provision for detailed regulations -
census of heating plants - responsibil-
ities of Fire Depts.
-------
APPENDIX B
STATUS OF AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS
Ju. 7.1
Date of Major fields Limitations
Regulation Status publication of application involved
Domestic and
other civil
uses
In force 9 Jan 1968 and Domestic heating Viscosity and
8 Mar 1971 and hot water, sulfur content
cooking, hygiene, of oil fuels
incinerators,
bakeries,
laundries, and
similar uses
Industries
In force
Sep 1971
9 Jun 1971.
All polluting
industries
Ground level
concentration
of wide range.
of pollutants
Heavy vehicles
In force
Dec 1971
9 Jun 1971
Diesel engines Smoke emissions
Cars, used
Under End of 1971 Gasoline engines CO emissions at
study idle
Cars, new
Approved 1 Oct 1971
Gasoline engines CO/I1C emissions
to ECE standards
488
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1-15
Jul 71
APPENDIX C
COMMISSIONS CENTRALS CONTRO L'INQUINAMENTO ATMOSFERICO (l.OOl)
Central Commission for Air Pollution
Constitution as laid down in Law 6l5:-
director general, president or head of:
Public Hygiene and Hospitals Service, Min. Health
Fire and Civil Security Service, Min. Interior
Urban Areas and Hygiene, Min. Public Works
Energy Sources, Min. Industry
Industrial Production, Min. Industry
Civil Traffic, Min. Transport
2nd Section, Council of Public Works
Occupational Hygiene Inspectorate
Chemical Laboratory, Istituto Sup. di Sanita
Health Engineering Lab. Istituto Sup. di Sanitfc
representatives from:
Consiglio Superiore di Sanita
Min. Scientific Research
Min. for State Participation
Meteorological expert
Nat. Assn. for Control of Combustion
Stazione Sperimentale per 1 Combustiblli
Associazione Termotecnica I<,aliana
Secretary from Min. Health
Responsibilities
• to look into all matters connected with AP,
• to advise on all AP questions put forward by public
or private organisations,
• to promote studies and research into AP problems.
Status
Established.
189
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, „ - .iff
Jul 71
APPENDIX D
REGIONAL COMMISSIONS FOR AIR POLLtJTION
COMMISSIONS REGIONAL! CQNTRO L'lNQUItyftMENTO jyiMOSFEBICO (1Q,Q2)
Constitution as laid dowi} in Law 615:-
president T-President of Region (or of administration of chief town)
vie. pres.- Health assessor of Region (or of administration of chief town)
Erovincial health dept. of chief town
Health office of region
Regional coordinator of public works
Civil traffic dept.
Provincial Inst.-of Hygiene (2)
Meteorological expert
Regional Fire Dept. (2)
Local section of Safety Inspectorate
Regional Occupational Hygiene Inspectorate
Representative of province or region
Representative Nat. Municipal Assn,
Chamber of Trade for chief town (2)
Secretary from Mih, Health.
Responsibility
• to look into all regional matters connected with AP,
• to advisa on provisions for adoption by Communal
Authorities, in accordance with the Law,
• to promote studies, research and initiative against AP.
Status
Being established. Already established:-
Milan; Via Juvara 22,
20100 MILANO
(tel: 71775D
Turin; Via Maria Vittoria 12,
10100 TORINO
(tel: 5756)
Genoa: Piazzale G. Mazzini 2,
16100 GENOVA
(tel: 5^99)
president: Dr; E. Peraechi
president: Dr. G. Oberto
secretary: Dr. R. Benso
president: Dr. Pastorino
490
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7
APPENDIX E
DRAFT RW.UI.AT10N FOR INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS
STKIICTURK AND MAJOR FEATURES'
_ Coverage'
S.I ilener.il Fields oi .application .- definitions
Art. 1-2
S.I I 'Abatement, plant Design and operation
Art. 1-4
S.I II Industrial plant Requirements for installation or
AIL. !i : modification ~ documents
S.1V ;Operation Surveillance and inspection
Art. 6-, '
S.V. .'^missions Limits'* and supervision
Arf. .H^9
S.'.Vl' Dispositions Interim and .final
Art. 10-rl
The control of emissions is based on.limits for the ground level
concentration of various pollutants. The following values have 'been
approved:
Peak values Average values,
Pollutants pjm mg/nj ppm mg/m
Sulfur .dioxide 0.30 — 0.15
Hydrogen sulfide 0.0.7 — .,0.03:;
Hydrocarbons (as hexane) (^P — 5C)
Carbon monoxidq .. ' -50'! .. — 20
>!,H:j^cpjjiV'lo:ric-'aci'd' 0.20 -r- 0.03
^Cfi^rrlne 0.20 — 0.06
Nitrogen oxides(c; 0.30 — 0.10
Fluorides(c) ' — 0.06 — '0.02
Lead compounds^ — 0.05 — 0.01
Particulates (20% SiO ) -- 0.50 — 0.10
Particulates (other) — 1.00 — 0.30
(a) 30-minute sample; once in 8 hours.
(b) 24-hour average (except 8 hours for CO and Pb).
(c) As N02.
(d) As F.
(e) As Pb.
491
-------
Ju] 71
APPENDIX F
ORGANISATION OF HYGTENIS GROUPS
Minlstro della Sanita
(Minister of Health)
isMi.ut.o Super!ore dl Sanita
(T.oo'i)
Mlniatero della Sanita
(Ministry of Health)
\ I
Secretariat
+
Cabinet
Dlrezzionl General!
(Adriiln. Depta.) ;
* Iglene Pubblica
Ospedall
Veterlnarla
etc
etc
(* 1.003)
Consigllo Super!ore dl Sanita
(1.005)
492
-------
! iOOfl INAT|>(|B|C|D|E|F Woa|o3|o»|o8 11
1j|l3|l4J18
Country | No. |Type| Functions j Source* Effect*
«|22|a|M25|3l|»4|33|a<|38 LJ^|S XJ2J3 7-71 |S|/f
Cottrato 1 Remedies .SIM SIMM B*u | "\
NAME: 1STTTUTO NAZTONALE MOTORE ACRONYM:
National Engines Institute j*JJ
ADDRESS: Urgo Barsantl,
80.135 NAPOLT.
1
To|.: 61.58.00
AFFIL: CNR (1. 006).
Title
Prof.
Prof.
Ing.
PERSONNEL
M. Taddel
C. Vocca
A. Polletta
KiMtfLM "'
nfliDnQfi ; ;•
director: .
dep. director
AP work .
AP aims and actions:
Research into methods for reducing exhaust emissions
from vehicles: development of test methods.
Comments:
The sole organisation of thlc Kind
In Italy.
Examined all Italian patent applic-
ations in this field.
1
CoJntry
NAME:
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:
1.003 Istituta Nazionale Motore
'042 IND:X| Bj C,#j E -fr' 01K)tfj03]0»j<^!l1 12 13 u|l6
. No jType; Functions : Sources , Effects
ENTE NAZTONALE PER L'EfrERGTA ELETTRTCA
State Power Board
: Via G. B. Martini 5,
00198- ROMA.
8500
Title
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Sr.
7.71
Controls Remedies Sire | Status [ Date | , ;
ACRONYM: ENEl£,
See '
also .'.•'.'.'
PERSONNEL j Function
R. Gasparini
L. Bramatl
P. Landini
D. Merluzz'l
Maranzana
mgr, Chem. & Enviroran't
*
«lj.
'1. '-.
Sect'
AP aims and actions:
Surveys of AP from thermal &
-------
I j 05ft j ASM]/]/) C | D ] E ]/ lot |J*|03|0»|05|11
12(13 U|J^21|^|23|24|25^]32|38'|34|35
Country' ' No. |Type| Functions | Sources ) Effects [ Control* J Remedies
NAME: UKTONE PETROLTFCTIA
Petroleum Industry Association
ADDRESS: via Buffallnl 8,
00161 ROMA.
Tel • 857.727
AFFIL: All major oil GO'S except ENI
Title
Dott.
Dutt.
Dott.
Sign.
PERSONNEL j
V. Caz:-.aniga
M. Patricolo
Beer
M. Wenzel
tjX|s|i|/|3[g.7i isj^
Size [status: [Ost» • (•
ACRONYM: up _,-:
See ..
also- -
. Function .
.-
president
general manager
economics affairs dept. hrU
economics and AP coordn.
AP aims and actions:
Wkjr,. Gp. (Commlsslone per lo Studio del Probleml d'ln-
quinamento) studies implications of industry's activ-
jtles for pollution problems, and makes recommend-
ations to Board of UP. Comments on proposed regula-
tions.
Studying monitoring techniques and equipment for ROX &
partlculates to recommend standard for official use.
Hovicwing fuel jil and flue yas desulphurisation pro-
cess possibilities.
Comments: ';•
Vehicle emission matters mostly left
to CUNA & ANF1A (T.046, 1
ENT Invited on to Wkg. Gp.
1.050 Unlone Petrolifera (UP)
t ',<
Country
NAME:
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL.
•)<& |TMDl/(| B| t| D| Ejr |^!02|03;M;05 |ll|l2|l3[l4JViJ2l[22;242«|j
No. jTypej . Functions j Sources , Effects- , Controls
ENTE NAZIONALE TDROCARBURT
National Petroleum Organisation
00100 ROMA.
labs at:
?0097 SAN DONATO MILANESE.
. . _ , _ _
«|^|54|33|34i36|L WIJX
1 Remedies | Size
l|X|3|S
.Til Is /_
Status 1 Onto ; f
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Ing. P. de Vita
Ing.
Ing.
Ing.
Marchetti
Ottaviani
G. Giommi
Function
coordinator for
ENT
AP
Industrial development engr.
AP aims and actions :
Have studied effects of fuel modifications on vehiule
exhaust, emissions.
Studies of combustion efficiency.
Cooperates with Fiat/Esso/Mobil on vehicle emission res-
earch agreement (T.055).
Have commissioned ISVE (Tstl.tuto per lo Svlluppo Econo- j
mico Institute for Economic Development) to prepare
study of the economics of AP damaire.
Comments:
Nationalised (State) body.
1.052
ENI - Ente Nazionalc Idrocarburl
2.71
-------
I
Country '
NAME:
060 ACD / BJC D EJF Ol|o2J03J 04|0511
12131416
No. Type Functions Sources Effects
21J 22J23| $A]25 31 32|33J34|35| L M £ 1 1 2 3> 9.79 S T
Controls Remedies | Size Status Date -;
UNTVERSTTA DT BOLOGNA, Istituto Chimico ACRONYM:
Bologna University, Chemical Institute a£o
ADDRESS
Tel.:
: Via Selmi 2,
40126 BOLOGNA.
AFFIL:
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL
G. Semerano
Function
director
AP aims and actions:
Studies of aerosols and fine particulates.
Comments:
1.060 U. di Bologna, Istituto Chimico
9.70
I 1062
Country ' ~j No.
ACDJ/ 1 B
Type]"" FL
NAME: UNTVERSTTA
notions j Sources •. Effects
21J22J23J24 2
Controls
DT FERRARA, Tstituto di Tgiene
Ferrara University, Institute of Hygiene
ADDRESS: Corso Giovecca 173A,
FERRARA.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
5 31 [32 [33 [34 1
Remedies
35) L|M X] * 2[/ 2.71 |s| T
| Size (Status Date •{•
ACRONYM :
See
also
Title ' PERSONNEL Function
Dott.
B. Paccagnella
director
AP aims and actions:
General studies of AP, especially from industry: effects
of F on vegetation. Correlation of school absences
with pollutant levels and social status.
Comments:
1.062 U. di Ferrara, Istituto di Igiene
2.71
495
-------
i |o&7 IACD
Country '] No. (Type
/ B C 0 E F 01J92J030405J11
12 13 14J15
Functions Sources Effects
21 22J23J^J25J31 32 33 34
35 1\M\J6 1]XJ3J9.70J JSI ;T
Controls | Remedies Size Status -"| Date | < /
NAME: UNTVERSITA DI MILANO, Tstituto di Igiene ACRONYM:
SOB ' ' '• *F ' »
Milan University, Institute of Hygiene 8I30 . . .
ADDRESS: vla sforza 35,
20100 MILANO.
Tel.: 54.19.37
AFFIL :
Title ! PERSONNEL ' Function
Prof.
A. Giovanardi
I •---.,.
director
AP aims and actions:
Studies of ambient pollution (smoke, 809), especially
from domestic heating.
Cross-correlation of methods with other institutes (eg.
reflectance/mass for smoke, with MRC London - G
Comments:
1.067 U.- di. Milano, Istituto di Igiene
9.70
496
-------
JA - 1>
Jun 7*
JAPAN
PHYSICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES*
Japan consists of four main islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and
Kyushu—and other small islands. It extends about 1250 miles from the
north end of Hokkaido to the south end of Kyushu; and its greatest width
is less than 200 miles. Its area is 144,000 square miles, three-quarters
of which is mountainous: 13.6 percent of the land is arable; 3.7 percent
meadow, 61 percent forest. The remaining 21.7 percent comprises both
built-up areas and wilderness areas.
Annual rainfall varies from about 40 inches in Hokkaido to about
100 inches in Kyushu. In the central Honshu area, in which the greatest
concentration of population and industry exists, the annual rainfall is
about 60 inches. In all areas of Japan, about 36 percent of the precipi-
tation occurs in winter and spring; 64 percent in summer and autumn.
The minimum temperature in the northern cities is around 13 °F. The
maximum temperature is about 98 °F for all Japan, and the average temper-
ature varies from 45 °F-in the north to 59 °F in the south, with the pre-
viously noted central Honshu area having an average of about 57 °F.
The population of Japan is approximately 100 million and has been
increasing at about 1 percent per annum. The overall population density
is 694 per square mile.. On the basis of cultivated and urbanized land
only, the population density is 4159 per square mile, the highest in the
world. The population is presently about 70 percent urban and 30 percent
rural, with a trend toward increasing the urban percentage.
Adapted- from "General Features of Japan Related to Environmental Pollution
Problems," Environmental Sanitation Bureau, Ministry of Health.
497
-------
About 60 percent of the population lives in cities of 50,000 or more,
and about 30 percent' lives in 3;0 cities of over 300,000 population. Of
these 30 cities, 26 are on the seacoast^ and 16* over half of the 30
largest cities, are on the east coast of central Honshu. These 16 cities,
'V
in order of population, are: Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Yokohama, Kobe,
Kawasaki, Amagasaki, Sakai, Hamamatsuj ftimeji, Shizuoka, Nishinomiya,
Chiba, Wakayama, Yokosuka, arid Toyoriafca. Among them, these 16 cities com-
prise almost 25 percent of the population of Japan, with about equal lium-
*"*'""
bers residing in the north-central complex centered in Tokyo and the soufeh-
central complex centered in Osaka. In general, these major population
centers are also the major industrial centers *
Four other cities of over 300,000 are located on the Honshu coast,
but outside the east central area. Other major coastal population centers
of over 300,000 include five cities on the west coast of Kyushu (Fukuoaka,
Kagoshima, Kitakyushii, Kuinambto, arid Nagasaki) arid one (Matsuyama) on tne,
4.
west coast of Shikoku. The four cities of over 300,000 population not
located on the seacoast are Gifu, KanaZawa, Kyoto, and Sapporo.
POLITICAL FEATURES RELATED TO AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Japan is a constitutional monarchy, having an Emperor, and a Prime
Minister who represents the majority party in the Diet, which is the bi-
cameral legislature. There are a number of National Ministries, each
headed by a Minister; the Ministers make up the Cabinet. The capital city
is Tokyo.
Basic to its air pollution control activity is the National system of
Planning Councils. The most pertinent ones are the National Economic Deliber-
ation Council and the National Living Standards Improvement Council, which
are administered by the Economic Planning Bureau of the Prime Minister's
Office; and the National Energy Investigation Council, National Petroleum
Deliberation Council, National Industrial Structure Deliberation Council,
and National Industrial Land Regulation Deliberation Council, administered
by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. JA-$08
498
-------
JA - 3
Jun 71
The Prime Minister has organized the Central Advisory Council of
Environmental Pollution, for central planning and setting ambient air
quality standards. The Living Environment Council of the Ministry of
Health and Welfare is concerned with air quality criteria, and the
Transportation Technology Council of the Ministry of Transportation with
auto exhaust control.
The country is divided into the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Hok-
kaido, and 44 prefectures, within which are cities, towns and villages.;
Tokyo and six other cities of over 1,000,000 population (Kitakyushu,
Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka and Yokohama) have been specially designated
by National law to have greater municipal powers than the remainder of
Japanese cities not so designated. Thus, in Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City
operates many services that in other prefectures are operated at the
prefectural level.
i
Prefectures each have an elected Governor, an elected Assembly,
and a prefectural capital city in which are located the principal offices
of the prefectural administrative agencies; one of these is usually a •
prefectural Department of Public Health. Cities have an elected Mayor
and Municipal Assembly, and generally have a municipal Department of
Public Health. ': ' •-•.
The National government, from time to time, has created special
purpose regions, such as Industrial Development Regions and New Industrial
City Regions. Regional groups of prefectures recognized for certain de-
velopments include the Chubu Region, comprising Aichi, Fukui, Gifu,
Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoaka, Toyama and Yamanashi Prefectures,
and the Kinki Region, comprising Hyogo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga
and Wakayama Prefectures. Bay area problems in air pollution control
are considered on a regional basis in the areas of Tokyo Bay, Osaka Bay,'
and Ise Bay.
!
AIR POLLUTION FEATURES OF JAPAN
Air pollution is currently recognized to be a severe prefecture-
wide problem in Tokyo. Osaka, Kanagawa and Hyogo Prefectures; to be a
499
-------
severe local problem'in the cities of Yokkaichi, Omuta and Kitakyushu;
and to be on the verge of becoming a severe problem in the city of Nagoya,
and the area around Ichihara in Chiba Prefecture.
The prefectural governments of Tokyo, Okayama, Mie, Kanagawa, Hyogo
and Chiba have sub'mitted to the National Council on Environmental Pollution
Control of the Prime Minister's Office area air pollution control pietis
for their entire prefectures, or for the cities or areas noted above, and
have received Council approval of these plans in conformity with the
Council's Basic Policy issuances.
The Tokyo Metropolitan Area, essentially all of Osaka Prefecture and
48 other cities, towns and regions have been designated as "control a$?eas"
under the terms of Article 3-1 of the National Air Pollution Control Law
of 1968. This means that beca'use of present or potential future air
pollution emissions, they -must conform to National requirements.
The Japanese consider -their air pollution problem as mainly associated
with the sulfur content -of oil, the •carbon monoxide content of automobile
exhaust, atid the ;particulatoe 'matte* and odor from a wide variety of
industrial and fuel burning sources. Japan relies on oil for most of Its
heat and .power. -During the past decade, heavy and chemical industry has
increased by a factor of !six; light industry .by a factor of three; passengei
car and truck registration -by a 'factor of fifteen.
HISTORY OF NATIONAL AER fcOL'L'UT'ION 'CONTROL
1960 - National funds >were made -available to Nihon Koshu :Eisei
Ryokai for study /of the alt ^pollution .prdblem. .JA-;'175
1962 - The Science and Technology Bureau of the Prime Minister's
Office first provided funds to the several Ministries for air pollution JA-s003
research. Smoke was recogn&ized as a national problem by the enactment
of the Smoke, etc. Control Law, jointly administered by the Ministry of
Health and Welfare (MHW) and the Ministry of International Trade ,and . JA-f.Q17
Industry (MITI).
500
-------
JA ~_J[
Jun" 71
1963 - A Commission was organized jointly by the Ministry of Health
and Welfare and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry under
the chairmanship .of Dr. M. Kurokawa to investigate the air pollution
problems of .the Yokkaichi area,. The recommendations of this Commission
-•.'?
in 1964 were an important .miler,Lone for air pollution control in Japan.
1964 -, MHW initiated investigation of the effect of air pollution ;
on health in the Osaka area; continuous monitoring started for CO, NO ,
SO ^ and other pollutants at throe statlr.is in Tokyo. Am,t her commission
« ," •
'jointly organised by MIIW and MITI and al«c lieadcd by Dr. M. Kurokawa
initiated a study of the air pollution potential i.f Lin. ].i i>po<-..>,l new
Mishima-Numaza industrial area. As a result of strong objections raised
by the public during this st:mly, development of tlio now area was cancelled.
The Interministerial (Vice-Minister's) Council on Environmental
ition was organ
Pollution Control^
Pollution was organized^ now known as tlie; National Council on Environmental .TA-001
1965 - Special Committees on Environmental Pollution Control of the
Upper and Lower Houses of the ,Diot were created.
The Environmental Pollution Council of MHW was established. .TA-018
MHW started a National Air Samplr.^. Network, which included .13 APPX-B
stations in 1971.
The Environmental Pollution Abatement Corporation was authorized by
"V
law. It is jointly administered by MHW ;.md MITI, and can use both
appropriated funds and the. National Pension Contingency Fund to make loans
to and contracts with both public agencies und private companies for pollu-
tion control facilities; the construction of pollution control facilities for
joint use by several private enterprises, the development o£ industrial
parks for relocation of pollution producing industries; the planning of indus-
trial, complexes which will minimize pollution production; and the acquisition
and forestation of land to create buffer zones between industrial and residen-
501
-------
JA - 6
Jim 7.1
t:ial. areas. The National government provides funds for all the administrative
rosts of the corporation.
1966 - MTTI was author I/.PC] to create within Its Av.on.cy for Industrial
Science and Technology, a Spocia] Desulfurization I'ropram, to finance Lhe JA--000
development of pilot and prototype process plants fo-r flue gas and fuel oil
desulfurization.
The Special Committee of the Diet on Environmental Pollution Control . .1A--024
issued a special decision to require the Ministry of Transport (MT) to set
an emission standard for carbon monoxide for 1967 model automobiles. A 3
percent: carbon monoxide limit, using a Japanese standard 4 mode cycle was
adopted, and its application was extended later to 1968 and 1969 modiil cars.
It is expected to be decreased to 2.5 percent for 1970 cars.
MHW initiated studies of the effect of air pollution on health in
Chiba prefecture.
MHW, M1TI, and MT initiated joint comprehensive pre-siting surveys for
new industrial development projects. These involve a baseline survey of
pollution and meteorology; the computation of pollution levels through use
of a mathematical model; the 'use. of models in wind tunnels and tracers in
the field; and the verification of model studies by an air quality monitoring
network.
1967 - The Basic National Law (No. 132) for Environmental Pollution
Control was enacted. This enables adoption of National air quality standards;
designation of specific areas in which environmental pollution control plan-
ning can be required; payment of damages resulting from implementation of the
law; appointment of a National Council on Environmental Pollution Control; JA-001
and a National Advisory Council on Environmental Pollution Control. JA-002
An Air Pollution Training Program was started by the Institute of
Public Health. JA- 021
1968 - The present National Air Pollution Control Law (No. 97) was
502
-------
enacted, rescinding the 1962 Smoke, etc. Control Law. This specifically
authorizes designation of areas where National air pollution prevention
requirements must be met; adoption of emission limitation procedures;
automobile exhaust control; and an improved alert procedure. Authority
is given to MIIW and MT for the automobile exhaust provisions of the law
(previously to MT): and to MHW and MITI for its other provisions.
JA - 7
Jun 71
Cabinet Order No. 329, November 30, 1968, listed as Specified Noxious
Substances 24 chemicals designated as injurious to human health. The gas-
eous exhaust from motor vehicles is also designated as injurious to human
health, as carbon monoxide. Specific air quality standards are set for
sulfur dioxide and emission factors for sulfur dioxide, which are more
stringent for the more highly industrialized urban areas.
APPX-C
Regulatory functions delegated to cities, instead of the Prefectural
Governor, in Metropolitan Tokyo, and also in Yokohama, Sakai, Osaka, Omuta,
Niigata, Nagoya, Kyoto, Kurashiki, Kobe, Kitakyushu, Kawasaki, Himeji and
Amagasaki.
The saiuC cabinet order lists 13 categories of boilers, furnaces and
incinerators as "smoke emission facilities subject to regulation." Emission
limits are set for these which vary with the type of service.
APPX-C
1969 - The Cabinet on February 12, on the advice of the National Council
on Environmental Pollution Control, promulgated stringent air quality
standard for sulfur oxides based on recommendations of the Environmental
Pollution Control Committee of the Council for Living Environment of MHW.
This is the present standard:
1. (a) One-hour sampling periods in which the value is less than
0.2 ppm of sulfur dioxide should account for over 99 percent
of the total hours of the year.
(b) The days in which the daily average is less than 0.05 ppm
should account for over 70 percent of the total days of the
year. •.
503
-------
JA tf g
Jim .71
(c) The hours in which the value stands at less than 0.1 ppm
should account for over 88 percent of the total hours of
the year.
2. The annual average value should be less than 0.05 ppm per hour.
3. The following three degrees of pollution (days on which emergency
measures are required) should not exceed 3 percent of the total
days of the year, nor should they last over three consecutive
days.
(a) The content of SO,, remains at over 0.2 ppm for 3 consecutive
hours.
(b) The content remains at over 0.3 ppm for 2 consecutive hours.
(c) The content remains at over 0.5 ppm for 1 hour.
(d) The content averaged over 48 hours remains at over 0.15 ppm.
Under a further Ministerial order of July 29, 1969, the value of K in
the emission standard for sulfur dioxide was changed to the much more strin-
pent value of 5.26 for new installations in selected areas of Tokyo,
Yokohama, Kawasaki, Osaka, Amagasaki, and Yokkaichi.
In 1969 an air quality standard for carbon monoxide was promulgated.
According to current (1969) newspapers, the Ministry of Health and Welfare
was working on establishment of Kogai Eisei Kenkyu Sho (National Research
Institute of Public Nuisance Control and Hygiene), with functions in the
coordination of research, studies on health effects, surveillance and
methods of measurement, and planning and developments in the technology of
pollution control. However, this is not to include research activities
which are now being carried out by other Ministries, such as desulfurization
504
-------
JA - 1C
Jun 71
Kawasaki area. These antedated the National control program.
The first major air pollution monitoring system in the Osaka area
was set up in 1962 jointly by Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City, and Sakai
City, in 1963, Osaka City enacted an air pollution regulatory law. As
of 1969, 26 prefectures, 25 cities and 19 towns or villages had air pol-
lution control ordinances; and in 96 cities, 16 towns and 1 village there
were air pollution control organizations of either the prefecture.or the
municipality.
At the prefectural or municipal level, air pollution control is
generally the responsibility of the Prefectural or Municipal Public Health
Department, with regulatory activities in its Public Nuisances Bureau,
and monitoring and research activities in the Public Nuisances Section of
its Prefectural or Municipal Institute of Public Health. "Public Nuisance"
is' the generic term used to describe air, water, and soil pollution, odors,
noise and vibration.
The Prefectural or Municipal Institute of Public Health is the laborator>
for a Public Health Department and may be variously called a Research Insti-
tute, a Hygienic Institute, a Hygienic Sciences Institute or a Hygienic
Laboratory. In smaller prefectures or municipalities, the Institute may ...
serve as'the Public Health Department, and vice versa.
In those prefectures or municipalities where environmental pollution
has become a major problem, other organization patterns have emerged,
ranging from creation of an Environmental Pollution Control Administration,
independent of the Public Health Department, which combines regulatory,
monitoring and research functions, to the creation of a Public Nuisances
Research Institute, either within or independent of the Public Health Depart-
ment; -to which only the monitoring and research functions are assigned.
One feature of these Environmental Pollution Control Institutes, by what-
ever name they may be known, is usually a central display and control center
for a telemetered air quality monitoring network. Such centers are now
operational in 12 areas and scheduled in 9 more. As of December 1970,
506
-------
JA - 11
Jun 71
about 220 automatic monitoring stations were in operation, 150 of them
connected to telemetry.
Most larger prefectures and cities have Comprehensive Planning
Bureaus, some of which have identifiable air pollution specialists. In
general, there is delegation of National and Prefectural authority to
some of the larger municipalities. This results in some overlap in
monitoring and planning between the prefecture and its larger cities.
Since National law requires prefectures and municipalities to organ-
ize a health center for every 100,000 population, some of these centers
are used to house prefectural or municipal air pollution control, moni-
toring or research personnel. The clientele of these health centers
form a basic population for epidemiological studies.
AIR QUALITY MONITORING
There are two air quality monitoring systems in Japan. The first is
a National Air Sampling Network which measures sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, hydrogen sulfide, hydro-
carbons, suspended particulate matter, humidity, temperature and wind
direction and velocity. There area also a number of prefectural and
municipal air sampling networks which usually are limited to sulfur dioxide,
particulate matter (dust fall), and wind direction and velocity.
AIR POLLUTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS
Research is conducted in a group of governmental laboratories,
primarily those of the Agency for Industrial Science and Technology
(MITI); the National Institutes of Public Health and Hygienic Sciences JA-009-16
(MHW); the Ship and Meteorological Research Institutes (MT); the Experi- JA-021-2
ment Stations and Research Institutes of the Ministry of Agriculture JA-025-8
and Forestry; the National Institute of Industrial Health of the Ministry JA-032-7
of Labor; and the Building Research Institute of the Ministry of JA-038
Construction. In addition, research is done in Prefectural Institutes JA-039
of Public Health, Public Health Departments, and more particularly in JA-042-97
?507
-------
-fr>ir*
4UVI,
Pref^ctural Public Nuisance Research Institutes and Control Centers..
There is also a1 group of Prefectural Agricultural and Industrial keyearch..
Institutes involved in air pollution research.
At the limrii'cipal level, there are City Institutes of Public Health
and of Hygienic Sciences and City Public Health. Departments, as well as
specialized municipal Public Nuisance- Control Agencies and; Centers.
Among the q.uasi-public agencies,, particular attention should be
called: to the Japan Environmental Sanitation Center. Finally, there
are private research laboratories, perhaps the most important of which
is the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry, and a
liaYge number of universities.
JA,-13S5n41
JA,-14&r57
JA-148;
'
JA-230r3.
JA-24£-3,l%
AIR POLLUTION ASSOCIATION
There is a professional air pollution association, Japan Society of
Air Pollution; and an industrial air pollution association, Japanese JA-lf>.S .
Air Pollution Control Association. There is a group of associations con- JA-158
cerned with .pollution of all types, and several concerned with occupational JA-161^4
and urban health and hygiene. There are medical, agricultural, and JA-1^5-77
engineering societies. Finally, there is a variegated group of profes-
sional societies and trade associations in the areas of air pollution JA-203-29
interest.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCES
In addition to several organizations primarily concerned with JA-319-24
scientific documentation, there are large numbers of proprietary pub-
lishers of periodicals and books related to air pollution. Also, almost JA-325-72
all the professional societies and trade associations publish technical JA-158«-22?
*'••'..-, .
periodicals.
508
-------
JA-(Corg.)
Jun 71'
CARD
JA-001 GOV
JA-002 GOV
JA-003 GOV
JA-004 GOV
JA-005 GOV
JA-006 GOV
JA-008 GOV
JA-009 GOV
JA-010 GOV
JA-011 GOV
JA-012 GOV
JA-013 GOV
JA-014 GOV
JA-015 GOV
JA-017 GOV
JA-018 GOV
JA-019 GOV
JAPAN
CORRECTIONS FOR CARDS
SECTION
Addresr.
Address
Name
Address
Personnel
Name
Address
- Address
Address
Address
Address
Function
AP aims and actions
Additional Personnel
Pollution Control
(Kogai)
Address
Address
Address
Personnel
Address
Address
Address
Personnel
Function
Address
Address
A,B,C,D
D
CHANGE
Add Tel. 03-581-5271
Add Tel. 03-581-5271
Change Bureau to Agency
Add Tel. 03-581-5271
"""- - . _ — _.,
Change Mitsugu Ishizutca to H_. Okobo
Change Bureau to Agency
Add Tel. 03-581-0261
Add Tel. 03^-821-3751
Add Tel. 03-541-4721
Change 501-1511 to 03-501-1511
\. - - . ' ' - - ' ~ - - -
Add Tel. 03-501-1511
Change Head to Chief (four times)
Change
to NaCO
Change Hisav to Hisao
Change Soyokanda to Sotokanda'
Add Tel. 03-399-1181
Add Tel. 03-581-0421 and 03-581-0441
Add Tel. 03-961-3201
Change T_. Takakuva to T_. Takakura
Add Tel. 011-861-0151
Add Tel. 0727-51-8351
Add Tel. Q3-Sfn-1771
Change 1C. Muto to J_. Urata
Change Michio Hashimoto to N_. Yamamoto
Change Head to Director
Add Tel. 03-503-1711
Add Tel. 03-503-1711
Change Member to Members
Change Old Man to Adult
509
-------
Jun 71
CARD
JA-020
JA-021
JA-022
JA-023
JA-026
JA-025
JA-027
JA-028
JA-029
JA-030
JA-031
JA-032
JA-033
JA-035
JA-037
JA-038
JA-039
JA-040
JA-041
JA-043
JA-044
JA-045
JA-047
JA-048
JA-049
JA-050
JA-051
JA-052
JA-054
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
Address
Address
Address
Affil.
Address
Name
Function
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Address
Affil.
Address
Address
Address
Address
Personnel
Affil.
Address
Affil.
Address
Address
SECTION
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
CHANGE
03-503-1771
03-441-7111
Change Kamiyogu to Kamiyogo
Add Tel. 03-700-1141
Change (kosei-sho) to (Kosei-sho)
Add Tel. 03-542-2511
Change Ragai to Nogai
Change Head to Chief
Change Kasimigachi to Kasumjfaseki
Add Tel. 03-586-3111
03-212-8341
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel. 03-311-0121
Add Tel. 044-41-2185
Add Tel. 03-361-1451
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
03-337-1111
078-34-4821
06-941-9341
03-502-8111
03-711-5171
011-811-4271
03-914-0161
03-941-3996 and 03-941-1553
02928-2-2211
0188-32-6358
Add Akitja Prefectural Office
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
Add Tel.
0177-34-2711
0472-41-7455
0776-24-5165
092-77-2843-4
Delete Total 42
Add Fusushima Prefectural Office
Add Tel. 0582-46-1101
Delete Health Department and add Office
Add Tel. 0822-51-4371
Add Tel. 078-51-6581
510
-------
CARD
JA-055 GOV
JA-056 GOV
JA-057 GOV
JA-058 GOV
JA-059 GOV
JA-060 GOV
JA-064 GOV
JA-067 GOV
JA-069 GOV
JA-073 GOV
JA-074 GOV
JA-081 GOV
JA-083 GOV
JA-086 GOV
JA-087 GOV
JA-088 GOV
JA-089 GOV
JA-091 GOV
JA-093 GOV
JA-095 GOV
JA-096 GOV
SECTION
Address
Affil.
Address
Address
Affil.
Address
Address
Affil.
Affil.
AP aims and actions
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
AP aims and actions
Affil.
Address
Affil.
Title
Personnel
Affil.
Personnel
Affil.
Function
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Function
Affil.
Function
Name
Affil.
JA-(Corr.)
Jun 71
CHANGE
Add Tel. 0292-24-3367
Add Itara Prefectural Office
Add Tel. 0762-47-0077
Add Tel. 0196-23-2236
Add Iwate Prefectural Office
Add Tel. 0878-31-1531
Add Tel. 0992-22-9334
Delete Japan Society of Air Pollution and
Add Kanagawa Prefectural Office
Add Mie Prefectural Office
Change Gaschiomatic to Gaschromatic
Delete Yobleaichi
Add Nara Prefectural Office
Add Nagano Prefectural Office
Add Osaka Prefectural Government
Add Air Pollution in Saga
Add Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Add Tel. 0764-41-4991
Add Yamaguchi Prefectural Office
Delete Total
Delete 3£
Delete Japanese Society of Public Health
Delete Total 28.
Delete Public Nuisance Section
Delete Manager. Add Chief, Public Nuisance
Dept.
Add 5-1-2 Cibacho. Chibaschi
Add Chiba Prefectural Office
Add Kanagawa Prefectural Office
Delete Manager. Add Chief, Public Health Dept.
Add Niigata Prefectural Office
Delete Manager. Add Chief. Public Health Dept.
Change Saitama-Kon to Saitama-rKen
Delete Environmental Health Section
511
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CARD
JA-099 GOV
JA-i.00 GOV
JA-102
JA-103
JA-104
JA-105
JA-106
JA-107
JA-109
JA-110
JA-111
JA-112
JA-113
JA-116
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
GOV
•GOV
GOV
JA-118 GOV
JA-119 GOV
JA-121 GOV
JA-1,22 GOV
JA^123 GOV
JA-1^24 GOV
. SECTION
Affil.
Name
Affil.
Affil.
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Address
Name
Affil.
Affil. .
Address
Address
Personnel
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Title
Tit le /Personnel
Affil.
Name
.Affil.
Function
Personnel
Function
JA-125 GOV AP aims and actions
JA-128 GOV Affil. ' , .
JA-129 GOV Address
Affil.
JA-(Corr.)
Jun 71
CHANGE
Add Hyo go Prefectural Of fie ft
Change entry to KanaKawa Prefectural
Prevention Center. S.-jbaro Kuno
Change entry to Kaua^awa Prefectural Office
Add Qsak4 Prefectural Office
Add Tel. 03-214-7411
Add Chiba Prefectural Office
Change Tukushima to Fukushima
Add Kanagawa Prefectural Office
Add Ikayama Prefectural Office
Change Kumagoya-shl to Kumagaya--shi
Change Kanaga-Ken to Kanagawa-Ken
Delete Office and add Government
Delete Office and add Governmen t
Add Tel. 03-702-3111
Change Isago to Oshima
Add Tel. 044-24-4985
Delete Motiji Terabe and add Jun Fukuda
Add Kobe City 'Off ice
Add Kyoto City Office
Add Nagoya City Office
Delete all titles
Delete Total .52
Delete Department of Environmental Health ,
and add Osaka City Office
Delete Sentron and add Senter
Add Otaru City Office
Delete Sanitary Inspector (twice)
Delete Total 36_
Change Sasak to Sasaki
Delete Air Pollution (2)
Delete (unique of Sakai City) . Add in
Sakai City.
Add Gitu City Office
Delete Hokkaida and add Hokkaido
Add Hakodate City Office
-512
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CARD
JA-130 GOV
JA-131 GOV
JA-135 GOV
JA-136 GOV
JA-137 GOV
JA-139 GOV
JA-141 GOV
JA-142 GOV
JA-143 GOV
JA-144 GOV
JA-147 NAT
JA-146 GOV
JA-148 NAT
JA-150 GOV
JA-151 NAT
JA-153 NAT
JA-152 NAT
JA-155 NAT
JA-156 NAT
SECTION
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Title
Function
Affil. !
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Personnel
Name
Address
Affil.
Address
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Name
Affil.
Name
Address
»
Name
Affil.
AP aims and actions
JA-(Corr.)
CHANGE Jun ?1
Delete entry and add Kawasaki City Office
Delete entry and add Kobe City Office
Delete Public Nuisance Unit
Add Pita City Office
Delete all of entry except Osaka City Office
Add Osaka City Office
Change Ph.D. to Dr.
Delete entry and add Director
Delete General Affairs Bureau and add
Yokohama City Office
Add Kyoto City Office
Change (On'ya-sho) to (Unyu-sho)
Change (Un*ya-sho) to (Unyu-sho)
Change Banbei to Bunbei
Change Chiha to Chiba
Delete Tojama-ken and add Toyama-ken •
Delete (Onjur-sho) and add (Unyu-sho)
Delete Tel. entry and add 03-581-6451
Add Tel. 03-502-0791-3
Entry should be under Comments
Delete entry
Change Kagyo to Kogyo
Delete Supported by
Change Nilton to Niwton
Delete Kiku and add Nikaku
Delete Kenkyn and add Nenkyu
Delete: Membership;. (above) and 30 Private
Companies working on odor control.
Change sensary to sensory
Change sourses to sources
Delete rendering
51'3
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CARD .
JA-158 NAT
JA-174 ASN
JA-193 ASN
JA-207 ASN
JA-2Q8 ASN
JA-209 ASN
JA-214 ASN
JA-231 IND
JA-232 IND
JA-233 IND
JA-234 IND
JA-235 IND
JA-236 IND
JA-237 IND
JA-238 IND
JA-246 ACD
JA-247 ACD
JA-248 AGD
JA-249. AGD
JA-250 ACD
JA-251 ACD
SECTION
Address
Affil.
Address
Name
Title
Function'
Personnel
Name .
Address
Affil.
Function
Address
Entire card
Address
Personnel
Function
Address
Function
Affil.
AP aims and actions
Affil.
Affil.
AP aims and actions
Affil.
Affil.
NameJ
Affil.
Function
Affil.
Affil.
Affil. '
JA-(Corr'._)
Jun 71
CHANGE'
Change ote-machi to Ote-machi
Delete entry
Add. Tel. 03-812-2111
Change Enliniainau to Eniinia.tingu
Delete both entries
Change entries to President and
Secretary, respectively
Delete entry
Change Kagakui to Kagaku
Change Kubu Nenvyo to kubu Nenryo
Add Tel. 03-912-2111
Delete entry
Delete all of entry except Chairman
Add Tel. 03-262-4939 ';
Delete
Add Tel. 03-480-2111
Add Y. Ishihara
Add Supervisor. Fuel Chemistry .
Analytical Chemistry
Add Tel. 03-201-6601
Delete entry and add Chairman
Delete all entries after address
Delete entry
Delete entry
Change (Kiyoura) to (Kiyoura-TIt Process)
Delete entry
i
Add Ministry of Education
Change Rigogakuba to Rikpgakugy
Delete entry .
Add (Tsunoda)
Add Gifu Prefectural Office
Delete entry
Add Ministry of Education
514
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JA-(Corr.)
Jun 71
CARD
JA-252
JA-253
JA-254
JA-255
JA-256
JA-257
JA-258
JA-259
JA-260
JA-262
JA-263
JA-264
JA-265
JA-270
JA-271
JA;-272
JA-274
JA-273
JA-276
JA-277
JA-278
JA-279
JA-280
JA-281
JA-282
JA-283
JA-284
JA-285
JA-286
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
SECTION
Address
Affll.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Personnel
Affil.
Name
Affil.
Affil.
Name
Affil. .
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Personnel
Affil.
Affil.
Function
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Add Tel.
CHANGE
03-51-1111
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of_ Education •
Add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of Educatiorj
Add Ministry of Education
Add Ministry of Education
Add Ministry of_ Education
Add Ministry of_ Education
Change Shaji to Shoji
Delete entry
Change Keio Gijuku Daigaku Igahubu to Kita-zato
Memorial Medical Library
Change Kita safo to Kika-zatp
Delete entry
Change Rikogakubu to Rikagakubu
Add Ministry of Education
Add Tel. 075-771-8111
j . •
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry-, of Education
Add Tel. 075-771-8111
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education ;
Delete entry and add Mie Prefect.ural Office.
Add Ministry of_ Education
Add Ministry of Education
Change Kuzuo to Kazuo
Add Ministry of Education
Add Ministry of. Education
Delete entries
Add Ministry of_ Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Delete entry and add Ministry of Education
Delete entry
5*5
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CAKi>
JA-28',
JA-290
JA-29]
JA-2y'
.(
JA-29£
JA-295
JA-297
JA-298
JA^29*
JA-300
JA-iQ2
JA-303
JA-304
A'CD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
,VCD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
SbCTDN
Affil.
Affil.
Aft i 1 .
A Ll J J .
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Af ft] .
Ai 1 i 1 .
Affil.
Affii .
Affil.
Affil.
Address
Affil.
JA-('Cojcr.._).
n
JA-305 ACD
JA-306 ACD
JA^307 ACD
JA-308 ACD
JA-3?09
JA-310
JA-312
JA-314
JA-315
JA-316
JA-317
JA-318
JA-319
JA-320
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
ACD
INF
INF
AP aims aud actions
(Personne1)
Kiyoura Lab
Affil.
Aff.il.
Address
Affil.
AP aims and actions
Address
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil. :
Name
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Affil.
Entire card
Entire card
CHANGE
Add Ministry of Education
Delete Ciovernmen-t and add Qfifj.c
-------
JA-(Corr.)
Jun 71
CARD
.IA-321 INF
JA-323 INF
SECTION
Address
Entire card
CHANGE
Add Tel. 03-5HJ-2361
Delete
517
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TA ; oni' cnvj/j/c
"(n'i'ii.y i No. jType] Func
Dj EJF
tions
01 [02
So
03
urc
04
es
05
'
11
—
12J13J14
Effects
15
21J22J23J24
- !_..! _.l__l
Controls
25
31
32
Re
33
me
34
dies
35[/._MlS
[ Size
NAME. Environmental Agenr-y
:.-; •. Kankyo-cho
ADDRESS: .
4-18 Sendagaya
Slbuya-ku, Tokyo
T.si 403-7.':;'0, 403-9941
AKFIL •
Title
Dir.' Gen
Chief
Chief
Chief
Chief
Chief
Se
jJiiik/n 1 .__ s _T.
Status | Date
ACRONYM: EA
See
also
PERSONNEL
S. Yamanaka
Y. Umemnto
n. K. Kido
M. Fun n go
H. Shibiki
Dr. S
M. Ok
. Yamagara
•lyasu
Function
Minister of St;itu
V1 ce-Minister
Dl
PI
rector General's Office
anning A Ad.ju.st. Bureau
En v i r .
Ai
Protection R\in',iu
r Preservation liiirriiu
Wat or Preservation Bureau
AP aims arid actions:
.To consist of 19 sections, run by four bureaus - i
the planning nncl adjustment, environmental protection, :
air preservation, and water preservation - and the
director general's office.
The air preservation bureau is expected to work
for elimination of air pollution, noise, odor and other
sources of nuisance to the public.
It also plans to set a limit to the permissahle
amount of automobile exhaust.
Comments :
JA OSIA r'r'M^i8 C|D;F|F: 'n/'V'jOJrV'Vnr, n!i7!nli4Ji5!2i|2;>'23j24l.'!> m ;i2J?3l?4|:^j ilr^1 s| i; 2 j 3_j j; / 7; i _2r. . !:
- • •• ••.•.'>!• i •,. ^i|rrc . • -• ' -,,(., .|s ' ' Controls [ Ri:n'"'!••.•• | !ii?R | Status | Pali: ] j_
Country No
F».-.clions
NAMEj Toyama Prejectur.i] Ptihlic lla/.irds .Center
.Toyama-Ken Kogai Center
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL:
1-2 Ote Machi, Toyama-shi,
Toyama-ken.
Toyama Prefectural Office.
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
G. Kawasaki Director
Y. Sakagami : Chief
AP aims and actions :
Morii r.orin;; and AnnlytMs of at mouphi- ric
pollutants.
Publication of data of monitored
pollutants.
Comments :
518
-------
• JA JL58A
Country' j No.
SOC
Type
V
B
C
q/
E
F
Functioni
0/(o2
o*
04
OS
Sources
^
^
13
14
15
Effects
21 1 22
*
24
25
Controls
^
33^
3*
Remedies
L
•/
S
Siwj
l|.|.
Status
7/7/
On*
Is
T.
i
NAME: Amagasaki Junlon Chanfcer of Commerce
ACRONYM: Amagasakt JC
alto
ADDRESS
Tel:
AFFIL:
96 Showa Dori 3-chome
Amagsaki City, JAPAN
06-411-2251
J C JAPAN
Title
Vice-Pre
Consult a
PERSONNEL
i. K. Ishihara
0. Noma
N. Matsuyaroa
its
Dr. H. Nalto and
Prof. R. Kiyoura
Function
Chairman
AP aims and actions : Comments :
ThA <\nr1a1 n»ut>1 nnmonf fit-nun CCUAVAT VATUATOll
GROUP) of the Amagasaki Junion Chamber of Commerce is
working towards the return of blue skies to Amagasaki,
with the advice of a Medical Doctor and a Professor in
Env: Engineering.
519
-------
ROK-1
Dec 71
KOREA
The Republic of Korea is primarily an agricultural country of 30
million inhabitants. Seoul, the capital city, has a population of 5
million and is growing rapidly, at about 12 percent per year. The city
is not heavily industrialized, but it is located in a mountain valley
and is subject to prolonged atmospheric inversions. Air pollution can
be severe. The chief pollution sources are auto exhausts and the com-
bustion 'gases from soft coal briquettes used for domestic heating. These
briquettes present a real problem since they frequently create an atmos-
phere in the home which is above desirable levels for sulfur dioxide and
carbon monoxide. The same conditions apply in the inland textile center
of Taegu, with a population of 0.8 million. The port city of Pusan, with
a population of 1.3 million, has a more serious problem .with industrial
smoke,, as well as the fumes from briquettes and auto traffic.
The Government Ministry of Service and Technology (MOST) is concerned ROK-01
with the control of auto exhausts, and the Ministry of Health and Social ROK-02
Affairs has responsibility for the public nuisance aspects of pollution
control. Studies of air pollution in Seoul have been conducted by the
National Institute of Health and by the Seoul Metropolitan Hygiene Labor- ROK-03
atory, which is working closely with the Mayor's Office.
Academic research on pollution control technology is sponsored by
MOST and by Seoul Cjty at the Korean Institute of Science and Technology. ROK-05
Programs for training in environmental sciences and related problems of
urbanization have been established at Seoul National University and at ROK-06
the Yonsei University Institute of Public Health. Research on the effects ROK--0"7
V
of air"pollution on human and animal metabolism is also under way at Ewha ROK-08
Women's University.
As yet no one governmental or civic body in South Korea is primarily
concerned with air pollution control. A leading newspaper in Seoul, Donga
Preceding page blank
521
-------
Ilbo, sponsored a popular 2-day industry-giOVer.njnen,t-acadetffeiic
on the subject in I'J'/.l. The air pollution meaBttreffierits «ow made by the
Central Mtiteo'rolbgicai affice arti ot'het dgdtteies rtay be expanded into a
nationwi«li' network • o- air and water quality as part of the third 5-year
plan for 1972-76. A program to promote the exchange of technology between
the UniLp.d States and Korea, Including ur-bsn' planaing a«d air pollution
control, is being conducted by the Smitft#9nian Infftittftion and US-AID
iicc^ Advisor in Seoul.
-------
• ROK '••• 001
Country . j No.
Type
NAME: Ministry
'• ' '
IV BJC D E
Functions
F J0llo2
03
04
05
Sources
of Science and
MOST
11
12 13|l4
15
Effects
21 | 22J23 24
Controls
25 31 J32
33
34
35 L M
S
Remedies Size
Technology
1 I 9 1 t C T
t | z j * Ay.* o. i
Status Date j
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Government Building
Seoul
Tel::. 70-4201
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Choi, Hyong-Sup
Kim, Sun-Kil
Function
Minister
Director, Policy and
Development
AP aims and actions :
Abatement and control of auto exhausts
Epedemiological studies, effects of
urban air pollution on city planning
Comments:
ROK 002 • 'Aj B| CjD| E'jF ;01 02J03;04J05J1l|l2|l3|l4 16
Country , No. (Type, Functions : Sources | Effects
21J22 23 24(253l|32|33[34J35 L M|sllJ2J3 12
Controls Remedies Size j Status Da
NAME: Ministry of Health and Social Affairs ACRONYM:
IT- IS1T.
.. ~t
See
MHSA also
ADDRESS:
Government Building
Seoul, Korea
Tel.,:-
AFFIL:
Title ' PERSONNEL ^_ Function
Dr. Yi, Kyong-Ho
Dr. i Jong, Kwan-Hong
Minister
Vice Minister
AP aims and actions :
Third 5-year plan (1972-76) provides budget
for installation of automatic instrumentation
and surveys to measure public nuisance effects,
split about 60/40 between air and water
pollution studies
Comments:
523
-------
. ROK J003_
Cotinifv ;No.
Type
ABC
DBF
01 02030405
Functions
Sources
21J22|23J24J2SJ3l|32[33J34|3S L\M\S
Control*, | Remedies
Size
National Institute of Health
ADDRESS:
AFFIL:
Seoul.
38-5602
MHSA
ACRONYM:
Sea
also
Function
OhungJ, iioi.-Ro
co-r , Oep('.<.' ..of
Hygiene
and actions:
Studies of air pollution in Seoul City
Research on pollution in industrial- areas
Comments:
Cooperative research with
Seoul National University.
ROK
oi
Country No. |Type| Functions
|o2io3!o4)o5J11l12ll3|l4|l6|21i22|23J24[25,3l!32|33|3ft|35
.L.J.. ' , ' .- I 1 -- ( - L 1 — L ^ |. ... ). _1 . 1 — L — .
Sources ; Effeeta; . i Controls .' |_. ,Rfflt>edjes
L M s 1 2 3
3 , 7 ,, Si
I r - - \ -^ — ; •
Si>9 [Status | Da;e ] .(
NAME: Seoul Metropolitan Hygiene Laboratory
APORESS:
54-2951
-Mayor's Office, Seoul City
ACRONYM:
also
title' PERSONNEL ; Function
', Kim, Hyo-Sang
Chief of AP Dept .
AP aims and actions: | Comments:
I
Effects of urban air pollution in urban planning
-------
Country
A IB
No. Type
E F 101 02 03 04 OS
Functions
Sources
11 12 13 1415
Effects
?l|22|23|24[25J31 fefofo
Controls
Remedies
L M S
Size
Status
12/7
Dati,
8 T
NAME: Korea Institute ol Science and Technology
KIST
ADDHESS:
P.O. Box 131
Cheong Ryang
Seoul, Korea
Jel.: 93-4187_
AFFIL:
MOST
ACRONYM:
Set
also
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Hahn, Sang-Joon
Function
President
AP aims and actions:
Studies on effects of urbanization
Contract research for municipal and federal
governments on technology applicable to
controls in industry
Comments:
ROK '0061 AJBJC^Di EJF 'oiio2,03J0405'11
Country' ; No. ^Type, Functions | Sources
NAME: Seoul National University
ADDRESS:
Seoul, Korea
Tel.: , 72-.Q317; 72-1231
AFFIL: „ . ,, •
Public
12|l3 14 15
Effects
Title. .
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
21J22 23 24 25 31 J32J33 34
Controls Remedies
PERSONNEL
Kwon, E. Myock
Ko , Ung-Ring
Cha, Chul-Hwan
35 L MJ Si 1j 2J3 12/7'.; S T
Size | Status Date .7 \
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
Dean, Medicine .
Acting Dean, Public
Health
Professor
O
AP aims and actions: ;
Training in environmental sciences
Effects of AP on human health in large and
small cities (Seoul, Pusan, Daguu, Suwon).
Comments:
525
-------
. ••••- ROK !oo7| |A|B|C|O|B|F oi|o2|o3Jo«|oB 11
12 13J14J16
Country • No. JType| • Function* ,. | Sources Effect*.
2l|22|23|24253l|32|33|34J35[ L M| sjflib |< j •• • «*-''i" ^r,»» \.
: '' ' ' • " ' • •*.
litle ! PERSONNEL Function : '•'"''''
I
Or. ; Kwon, Suk-Pyo : Director
i
i
Af* aims and actions:
Eftcots of urban air pollution, auto exhausts,
s treatment of factory waste gases,surveys in
SL-OU! city.
Comments:
Continuation and broadening of
programs in Yonsei Dept. of
Preventive Medicine and
Institute of Public Health
ROK 1008 A| BicJDi EIF !01|02j03;b«!05J1l!l2|l3ll4|l6
^-.- , -i J 1— i 1—i—1 .1.- i 1— I I * . -L .J
Country ; No. iType Fjrctions . | Sources •'. Effects
21|22|23|i»J25|31 |32j33|34|35J LJM| SJ 1 j 2j^j 12 fj\
Controlg I Remedies | Si^a | Status] Date j
Environmental Research Institute
AODRESS:
"AJRHL:
Ewha Women's University
Daihyun-Dong, Seoul
(33) 0151-0180
Private
ACRONYM:
Sei
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. j Kim, Dong-Jun
Function
Chairman (Pres . ,
Physiological Soc.)
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
Effects of air pollution environment and
on metabolism, human and Animal
I
52$
-------
ROK !f)09
Country '
No.
j*
B
£
D
E
F
"Typo] Fuiv-.'.ions
01
0203 1 04
i
05J1l[l2[l3
14J1S
Sources j Effect.?
/I
7.2
zslaibs
i t
Control;;
31J37J33
34
3.1 L
MJSJ1J2J3
Romodios | Size ] Status
12/7:
Date
ish
i
NAME: Central Mot:(;oroLoRli:al Ol'fico
Seoul , Kuri:;i
ACRONYM:
iiUI)
also
Tel
AFFIL:
MOS :'
Tit!'! Pr
itr. ' Y.iag, In-Ki
!
i
I
Ciinr tion
l)i fee I of
AP aiins and arfi-r-iis :
I
Air pollution im-asni'i
survey-.
f.27
-------
MEX-1
Dec 71
MEXICO
The major industrial center of Mexico lies in the high-level plateau
known as the Valley of Mexico, at an elevation of about 7500 feet. This
area includes nearly half of the industry in the country, in the Federal-
District, Mexico City, and portions of neighboring states. Automobile
exhausts, however, are considered the principal source of air pollution.
Ore dusts and sulfur fumes are more significant in the steel center of
Monterrey.
The first monitoring stations to measure sulfur dioxide, dusts,
nitrogen dioxide, and total oxidants were established in Mexico City in
1967,. with the cooperation of government experts from Canada and the United
States. The measurement of total oxidants was of special interest in
preparation for the Olympic Games of 1968, at the high altitude of the
Valley of Mexico. These operations were carried out by the federal
Division of Industrial Hygiene, under the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
This group was reorganised in 1970 as the Division of Environmental Hygienje, MEX-01
in the same ministry. A new "Federal Law for the Prevention and Control
of Contamination of the Environment" was adopted in March 1971. Relation-
ships between this Ministry and others are coordinated at the inter-minis-
terial level by Dr. Eduardo Acheverria, Director of the Technical Council-
for the Improvement of the Environment (Consejo Tecnico para Majorond.ente
del Ambiente).
The Department of Health and Welfare is appointing regional engineers
to work in environmental health in the states in Mexico adjacent to the
United States, and local action groups are cooperating in the study of >itX-02 .
pollution problems in the border area. It also sponsors academic programs MEX-.03
for the training of new personnel at the School of Public Health and at MRX-05
the National Polytechnic Institute. Conferences and educational programs MEX-06
for increased public awareness are conducted regularly by the Mexican
Association against the Contamination of Water and Air, in cooperation with MEX-04
the National University in Mexico City -(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de .Mexico).;
Preceding page blank
529
-------
HEX _.' Odl.j CQVJ_A1BLC °.
Country • . No. JType, Functior
E]F ioij02J03'04ju5|ll|l2 13]u|l5
I . ^. I I I J i — _^ L 1
is | Sourrns i Effects
21J22l23i24J25 3li^|33'|34i35i L M; S! l' 2 13 1 si T
-_1_J_J — J.-.. t 1 !.. —j — ..! — l_j — 1 - j- 1
Controls Remedies | Size | Status [ Date ;
NAME :•" 'Division of Industrial Hygiene '?£{*.:,•£..'' ACRONYM:
Department of Health u.id Welfare
ADDRESS
Carpio 470, Ter. Piso
Mexico 17, D.F.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Secretaria de Salubridad
y Asisteticia
See
alSO
Title
Uir.
Dr. •...•
PERSONNEL
Enriquez Marquo^:
Mayauduu
Eduardo A};uii:rt>
Function
IHit:i.:Lor, InilusLrial
Hygiene
J)epL . lluad, industrial
S;if. ty
AP aims and actions :
Operate monitoring network in Mexico City
Responsible tor federal enforcement actions,
programs, policy and procedures
Comments:
Ki'laL ionsliips in AP control between
iu-alLl. and Welfare and other
ministries are coordinated by
Ui. Htluardo tclioverria Alvarr;-,
brotlic-r ol the President of Mexico,
Director of the Technical Council
lur Improvement oi the Environiii^nL
(.Ma joromiente del Ambiente) .
. MEX ; 002; GOV'AJBJCJD|EJF Joi[o2J03,04!05|l1
12il3ll4J15
Country No. jTypei Functions' ; Sources Effects
21J22J23|24J2531;32[33[34J
35j L M\ S 1 j 2J3J ! ] ^ T
Controls Remedies [ Sue Status [ Date j j
NAME: Construction and Sanitary Engineering Commission ACRONYM:
Sue
Comis-ion Constructura .y Enginoria Sanitaria also
ADDRESS :
Cordoba 17-20 Piso
Mexico 7, D.F.
Tel. : :
AFFIL:
Secretaria de Salubridad
6 Asistencia
Title
Ing.
PERSONNEL
Joaquin TV- llo Z.
Function
Coordinator for Environ-
mental Health Programs on
U.S. -Mexican Border
AP aims and actions :
Programs for AP control and air quality monitoring
in the border states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon,
Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California
I Comments:
5'30
-------
. |
..
Country . No. |Typ* Functions
Sources
Effect*
21122| 23;
24 26 31
' Controls
|1J32j33j34J3S
Remedies
L MIS
Size
123
Status
Date
NAME: Regional Social-Action Society,_Main Office (Monterrey)
- •'. _Ac cion Social Regiomontana,_A.C_. Oficina Matrie
ADDRESS:
Edificio Vidiera, APDO
Postal 203A
Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
Tel.: _
"AFFIL
ACRONYM •
Sea
also
_Title I P^SONN.!!1-
Lie.
Jorge Hernandez
Oauna
Function'
AP aims and actions:
Regional air pollution control actions in-Monterrey
and state of Nuevo Leon
Works with International Good Neighbor Council in
Mexican-U.S. border area
Comments:
Country No. .Typej Functions.
Sources
z!l3?'
Effects
E f 'oi'02:03-0405.11!12!l3N4]l5|21,22|23|24i25i3l!32J33J34(35:
'
Controls
f
Remedies
Size Status Date .
Si T
NAME: Mexican Association Against the .Contamination of Air and Water
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Asoc. Mexicana contra la Contaminacion del Agua y del Airu, A.C.
ADDRESS:
c/o-University of.Mexico';'
_Ciudad Universitaria
^Mexico 20, D.F.
Tel.: 5-48-65-00 _
AFFIL" " """ ~
I.U.A.P.P.A.
ACRONYM :":
See
also
T:
Function '
Humberto Bravo A. President;
Member, Technical Council
for Improvement of the
Environment
AP aims and actions :
Conducts conferences, educational activities,
ecological expositions
Coordinated with academic research at the University
Department of Public Health
Comments:
:531.
-------
[00_5jACD
Country • .No. JType
A|.B|CJD|E!F J0l|o2|o3io4|o6ill|l2ll3ll4ll6|2lj22|23ja4!25l3li32|33!34(35 I_;M| si 1 I'2 ia i ! isj T. '
t ' J 1 1 1 L 1 1 - I I i 1 i. nl j 1- -L-— I. I —I 1 1 1 .1 . . _ l , 1 -. , I !_.„ i . .
'Functions | Sources -J -Effects.' | Comipta - j Ramedies Site | Status Detg ••] »•• t • • •• -
.NAME: School of Public'Health
_._•:.!: Eecucla de Salud Publica .;_:.
ADDRESS:
Carpi 470, 1° Piso
Mexico 17, D.F.
Tel.: _
AFFIL!
Sec. de Sal. & Asist.
ACRONYM :
Sae
also
Title I PERSONNEL
~ ! ' ""I"
Dr. [Alvino Lopi'Z' Director
Martinez
Fonction
AP alms and actions:
Coutses in all aspects of public health
Comments:
MHX 006 ACDA|B| CJD, EiF '0^02:03 04:06-1 ri2ll3'l4|lSl.21|'22;23[24'25.3l[32|33J34J35J L|M| SJ 1 j 2J3 ' ;S
I Sources Effects i - Controls [-Remedies [ Size ^[StaTus | Date !-• -,
Country No. :Type hunctions
NANflE^:^ National Polytechnic Inetitute
.__ Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional
ADDRESS: ""' ~ """ **
Unidad Proftsional Zacatenco
Mexico 14, D.F..
AFFIL:
Secretoria ae Salubridad y Asistencia
ACRONYM:
also
Title
PERSONNEL
, Function
AP aims and- actions:
Training of personnel
Comments:
532
-------
Nt - 1
Jim 71
NETHERLANDS
GENERAL,AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND'
Geography
Although a small country, the Netherlands is densely populated.
Besides the large towns of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and The Hague, there
are many smaller urban areas. The area of the Rhine estuary (Rijnmond)
is the main center of industrial growth, now extending southwards to
the Scheldt. It includes refineries and chemical plants, as well as the
extensive Europoort facilities. Between Europoort and The Hague are
numerous glasshouses, with a high.winter fuel consumption. The coal
industry in the southeast Netherlands is now declining; massive resources
of natural gas have revolutionized the supply and use of energy in the
country, with accompanying increases in pollution.
*
Political Features
Concern about environmental pollution is very active in the Netherlands.
All political parties advocate pollution control, and the Government shows
a clear determination to deal with the problems involved. Water pollution
presents greater problems than air pollution in all sectors. This emphasis
can be expected to continue in a country where water supplies and water
control are so important to national well-being.
In air quality conservation, attention is largely directed against
industrial smoke and smells, especially in the extensively industrialized
areas along the Nieuwe Waterweg between Rotterdam and Eurpoort (the Rijnmond
area). The automatic sulfur dioxide survey in this area is used as an
indicator for incipient pollution episodes. It can be expected that a
similar system will be established for the whole of the Netherlands.
Already, the extensive greenhouse aiea in Westland (south of The Hague)
attracts attention for its very high emissions of wintertime heat and sulfur
dioxide.
533
-------
NL - 2
Jun 71
In the Zuid Holland province, there is some concern about oxidant
episodes, which are identified with interactions of specific industrial
emissions. Other industrial emissions being studied include fluorides
from aluminum smelting and the effects of ethylene on vegetation.
Emissions from vehicles are in general believed to present less of a
threat, but Rotterdam's Commission is taking an interest in carbon NL.017
monoxide in the Maas tunnels and other places where traffic jams occur.
Some concern is shown also about the hygiene significance of lead
compounds emitted by n;otor vehicles.
Citizen and student conservation societies are very active in the
Netherlands. Both in the Amsterdam and the Rotterdam areas there are
groups for combatting air pollution; the Amsterdam group succeeded in
achieving the refusal of a license for a projected carbon disulfide plant.
The new Air Pollution Law may well increase such pressures.
Within a basic policy that the polluter should pay for the control
of pollution, air pollution control is generally regarded as a cooperative
exercise between the legislature and industry. The economic viability of
an enterprise is respected by the authorities on the understanding that
realistic efforts will be made to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions.
Prosecution has usually been unnecessary.
Present Controls
The Hindervet (Nuisance Law, 1875, with subsequent revisions) was until
recently the only legislation affecting air pollution; its essential require-
ments are summarized in Appendix A. It requires that certain specified |
industrialized installations, liable to cause hazards or nuisance to their
surroundings, must be approved by the local authorities. Each new industrial
plant receives a list of specific requirements which it must meet. These
conditions may forbid certain practices, stipulate design features such as
minimum stack heights, and require *-.he provision of waste gas cleaning equip-
ment. In addition, they may restrict certain processes to specific areas in
the locality. If the measures prescribed in the license prove inadequate,
the municipal authority may stipulate additional measures—with the sole
534
-------
NL - 3
Jun-s-71
limitation that they must not endanger the economic viability of the
entc-rprise.
A new Air Pollution Law (Wet op de Luchtverontreiniging) is now
being enacted in the Parliament. This framework law will make it possible
to introduce a new system for granting industrial operating licenses and;
to control emissions from other sources, such as domestic heating or
refuse disposal. The new law also contains proposals for a national air NL.016
pollution monitoring system, probably incorporating those of the Rijnmond NL.013
Authority, of Staatsmijnen, and of the Nordzeekanaalgebied and Zuid NL.014-15
Holland Commissions. This system would be coordinated by RIV. NL.006
Although there are at present no national (or local) ambient air
quality standards, the new law proposes that these should be developed
and introduced. Meanwhile, each local authority concerned with the
problem uses its own concept of acceptable levels in calculating the
permitted emission of pollutants when granting operating licenses.
Administration
The responsibility for licensing and inspecting installations
covered by the Hinderwet rests with the individual municipal authorities,
where the department concerned is the Office of Buildings and Housing
Control, reporting ultimately to the Municipal Council. Each authority
formulates the conditions required for a new license, but it can seek
advice from other officials, either directly or through the Vereniging NL.019
van Nederlandse Gemeenten (Association of Netherlands Municipalities).
A major change is expected from the new Air Pollution Law since it
proposes a considerable increase in the role of the 11 Provinces. In
future, operating licenses will be granted by the Provincial authorities
after taking the advice of the appropriate municipal officials. The
advice of the Inspectors of the Hoofdinspectie van het Milieu (Environ- NL.003
mental Health Inspectorate) is available to the provincial authorities
for public health matters, as is that of the Directie voor de Arbeid NL.004
(Labor Inspectorate) for matters concerning the safety and health of
535
-------
NL - 4
.lun 71
workers. The Minister van Sociale Zaken en Volksgezondhei.d (Miu. SoZaVo—
Minister for Social Affairs and Public Health) can also give directives
to the Provincial authorities.
Finance
The guiding principle of the new Air Pollution Law provides that the
polluter shall pay for the costs of controlling pollution. This law pro-
poses that an industrial fund be maintained by levies, in equal proportions,
on the basis of pollution from industry, home heating, and traffic. This
fund will be used to pay for the proposed national monitoring survey system
and to recompense individuals suffering damage where the source has not been
identified. There will be no subsidies for abatement measures under-
taken by industries; each must carry its own expenses (e.g., for taller
stacks). It is estimated that this fund will reach fl 5-10 million annually.
The basis of payment has not been defined, except that those industries
needing licenses will pay (though not twice, i.e., not both on the fuel
used and on the installation itself).
Trends
The immediate future will see the introduction of specific regulations
into the framework of the new Air Pollution Law (which is expected to be
enacted itself shortly). Further centralization of controls can be fore-
seen, possibly through the establishment of a central institute for environ-
mental conservation under TNO.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
.' The Government has established the Raad voor de Luchtverontreiniging NL.001
(Air'Pollution Council) to advise on air quality conservation measures for
the implementation of the new air pollution law. (This Council replaces
an earlier body of similar name whose function was to advise on the appro-
priate structure for the new law.) The work of this new Council is still
in the formative stage. It reports to Min. SoZaVo (Minister of Social
Affairs and Public Health).
536
-------
Nl. _5
Jun 71
The Uijksinstituut voor de Volksgezondheid (RIV--State Laboratory NL.006
for Public Health) at Bilthoven near Utrecht is the centra], official
laboratory for the Netherlands for air pollution measurements. It is
expected to become the country's air quality measurement center. Plans
to establish a national continuous monitoring network, already initiated
locally, by the Rijnmond Authority, will involve telemetering data to NL.016.
Bilthoven from monitoring stations in the nine industrial regions of the
Netherlands, for centralized computer serveillance and warning. The
Philips organization is providing most to the equipment for this proposed NL.026
scheme, the installation of which is expected to cost some fl 10 million.
Only sulfur dioxide will be monitored to begin with, but the plans extend
to nitrogen oxides, oxidants and eventually carbon monoxide and hydrogen
carbide, as equipment becomes available from Philips or other sources.
The RIV undertakes much of its work at the request of the Hoof-
dinspectie van het Milieu (Environmental Health Inspectorate), whose NL.003
inspectors have extensive experience in the enforcement of clean-air
regulations. They are, in effect, local environmental "watchdogs." With
the introduction of the new Air Pollution Law, their powers are expected
to grow; ultimately it LK planned that each province will have its own
Inspector, who will work closely with headquarters and with the RIV.
Both the RIV and the Hoof dins^pectie report to the Min. SoZaVo.
The Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI—Royal Dutch NL.005
Meteorological Institute) plays an important part in the meteorological
aspects of air pollution research in the Netherlands. Dr. F.H. Schmidt,
the director, has assisted in the development of the Rijnmond Authority's
monitoring system and t:he eventual development of the national survey.
His early work on the dispersion of plumes (rivalling that of Pasquill in
the United Kingdom Meteorological Office) has now been taken over by Dr. GB.032
C-.A. Velds.
A very important national organization, with a growing international
reputation, is TNO (Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Applied
Scientific Research). This body, comprising several institutes, is an
537
-------
independent organization t.cc up by the Government in .19.32 to stimulate
research into many aspect; of Dutch social and industrial a-Tivity. IL
is financed by commissioned work from industry and fruin government depart-
ments. The confidential and independent nature of TNO investigations is
much appreciated by the industries commissioning it's work. The more
official and public nature of the similar activities oi KiV ,;orks in
TNO's favor in this tespoct. TNO issues several reports each year ou
technical and social aspects of its work.
Recognizing the growing importance of environmental conservation,
TNO has established a Commissie voor Onderzoek ten Dienste van het NL.007
Milieubeheer-TNO (TNO Committee for Research in the Service of Environ-
mental Conservation). This commission comprises representatives from a
wide range of groups concerned with research into problems of environ-
mental conservation. Its function lies in the recognition of current
research activities and the identification of the scope for further rese'a:cii
work. In doing so, it assists in the formation of optimum pollution coutr-.i
policies.
To provide support for this Committee, TNO has also set up a Studie-
en Informatiecentrum voor Onderzoek ten Dienste van het Milieubeheer-TNO Nl, .',••.}
(Study and Information Center on Environmental Research). This group is
preparing a register of Dutch environmental research work, which will be
made publicly available. Studies are also being m^Je of the present
situation in order to define further research needs. A newsletter is
proposed as a means of disseminating objective statements about conserva-
tion activities and related matters to meet the Center's principal objective
of making information available to all who want to know.
TNO-IG (Instituut voor Gezondheidstechniek-TNO—Institute for Public NL.Oi.l9
Health Engineering) was set up several years ago to undertake research :
into all problems of health and environment. Two of its six research
divisions are concerned with air pollution: (j.) the Atmospheric Pollutioi.
Division (under Ir. L.J. Brasser) is responsible for research into meLhoa.-j
538
-------
NL - 7
Jun 71
of analysis, measurements of outdoor pollution levels (either autonomously
or at the request of local authorities or industries), and correlations
among emissions, pollution levels and public health; and (2) the Indoor
Air Division (under Ir. P.N. Meijer) is concerned with occupational
hygiene inside industrial premises and with giving advice on abatement
methods. (Both Divisions are assisted by P.E. Joosting, nondivisional
specialist on medical matters.) The Instituut voor Wegtransportmiddelen- NL.010
TNO (Institute for Road Vehicles) is an additional TNO institute that
deals with the technical possibilities for reducing vehicle emissions.
Another Institute of TNO, the Central Technisch Instituut (Central NL.012
Technical Institute), is more oriented toward the industrial aspects of
the TNO work in air conservation. Research under Mr. B. de Geode covers
methods of analysis of pollutants (chromatography); the Institute also
studies and gives advice on the treatment of effluent gases in chemical
engineering, including research on the pilot plant scala into methods of
abatement. This is the principal center of such research in the Nether-
lands. In the Central Laboratory of TNO, a group has been set up to study NL.011
such topics as atmospheric chemistry.
Four provinces already have Air Pollution Committees to guide and
coordinate the activities of all the municipalities in their areas:
1. Noord Holland coordinates the work of Amsterdam (which has NL.015
its own AP Committee and—exceptionally—its own laboratories), NL.018
Zaamstreek, Haarlem (including Ijmuiden), etc.
2. Zuid Holland includes the municipalities of Rotterdam, The
Hague, Delft, Doordrecht and the Westland fruit growing area.
This province has its own monitoring network operated by TNO-IG, NL.009
and also the Rhine Estuary Authority (based around Vlaardingen, NL.016
near Rotterdam).
3. Zeeland comprises the fast-developing areas of Vlissingen
and the region south of the Scheldt, where measurements are
539
-------
ML - 8
Juri 71
currently'made by IPO and TNO independently. ;JL.OAO
••it,, ooy
4. Limburg, the mining area in the extreme southeast of the
Netherlands, is able to use monitoring data taken by SLaata-
mijnen (the Dutch State Mines). ML.013
Despite their present responsibilities for applying the Hinderwet
regulations, few municipalities are directly active in air pollution.
Exceptions are Amsterdam and Rotterdam, which have Commissions for air NL.013
quality, etc. (Commissie: Bodem, Water, Lucht). These organizations NL.017
undertake studies of sources of pollution and their abatement, with
measurements of ambient levels of smoke and sulfur dioxide. These Mu-
nicipal Commissions are made up of representatives (18-20) from the
Municipal Health Department, the Building and Housing Inspectorate
(-'Hinderwet' office), the Municipal Power Station, the Waterway Author-
ity and, at Rotterdam, the Bureau of Food Control. This last is equipped
with laboratories that undertake investigations of pollution in the
Rotterdam area.
Openbaar Lichaam Rijnmond (the Rhine Estuary Authority or Rijnmond NL.016
Authority) is a public body set up to monitor pollution levels in the
industrial area between Rotterdam and Europoort, along the Nieuwe-Water-
weg;. Under the direction of Dr. L.A. Clarenburg, a fully automatic cen-
tralized sulfur dioxide monitoring network has been set up to cover the
area. Through a computer, 31 monitoring stations develop norms of
pollution against which current levels are automatically compared. When
an upward trend for the time oftday and wind direction is detected, and ,
when information from the KNMI indicates continuation of the prevailing- | NL.005
meteorological conditions for at least 6 hours, a warning is automatically
transmitted by telephone to appropriate industrial and municipal premises.
Sulfur dioxide is the pollutant currently monitored by the system,
but results are used primarily as an indicator of adverse conditions when
other pollutants, especially industrial odors may accumulate and present
an environmental nuisance. The main function of the Rijnmond Authority
540
-------
NL - 9
Jun 71
is to achieve improvements in the whole environment of the area.
I
The Authority is not empowered to take action beyond transmitting
the warnings. It cannot, for example, demand corrective measures, which
are still a matter between the 23 individual municipal authorities in the
area and the industries concerned. It is authorized, however, to register
public complaints of pollution nuisance and to transfer them to the approp-
riate Hinderwet authority.
The Philips organization is intimately involved with this monitoring NL.026
development, and the RIV and KNMI also support it. This activity is NL.005-6
essentially an exploratory stage of the proposed Dutch National Survey.
The Philips industrial organization (NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken) NL.026
is a large and dynamic business, which manufactures a wide variety of
equipment. Its Industrial Automation Group at Eindhoven is developing a
range of fully automated air pollution monitors. The sulfur dioxide
monitor is already in use in the Rijnmond scheme, and the Government has
let it be understood that Philips would assist in setting up the national
survey to be operated by the RIV from Bilthoven. Many other individual NL.006
companies, industrial groups and associations are also active in air
pollution in the Netherlands, and, in most instances, their interests are
self-protective.
Under the direction of Dr. J.G. ten Houten and in cooperation with
Min. SoZaVo, the Instituut voor Planteziektenkundig Onderzoek (IPO— NL.040
Institute for Phyto-pathological Research) at Wageningen conducts research
on the effects of air pollution on agriculture and disseminates resulting
information. As a part of the University of Agriculture at Wageningen, it
also has connections with the Ministry of Agriculture. A large and wide-
spread organization, the IPO has offices in many parts of the Netherlands.
Its air pollution work involves, for example, investigating alleged crop
damage for court cases. It is supported in part also by TNO-IG. NL.009
541
-------
NL - 10
Jun 71
APPENDIX A
ESSENTIAL OF THE HINDERWET (PUBLIC NUISANCE ACT) 1Q52
Art. 2. It is illegal to establish or to operate without a licence
an installation which may cause danger, damage or nuisance
outside the installation itself.
These installations are enumerated by a general administ-
rative order.
Art. 2. The local municipalities grant the licences.
Art. 13. A licence will be refused only when it is certain or is to •
be feared that, due to the installation outside of the
installation itself, either danger, damage to properties,
undertakings or health, or serious nuisance will be exper-
ienced which can not satisfactorily be removed by making
provisions.
Art. 16. The licence may be granted for-a certain period.
Art. 17. The licence may be granted on certain other conditions.
Art. 21. It is also possible for a licence to be granted by provincial
authorities when provincial interests are involved.
Art. 26. At any time the conditions of a licence can be changed or the
licence can be discontinued.
Art. 28. Installations working without a licence and enumerated in the
general administrative order as mentioned in Art. 2 can be
closed down.
Installations can also be closed when the licensee does not
meet the conditions of the licence.
Art. 29. Appeals may be made to the Crown against any decision. Petitions
have to be filed with the local authorities who granted the-.
licence.
Art. 31. Violation of these.rules is punishable by a fine of DO.3000
or imprisonment of 3 months.
I
The possession of a licence does not .protect the licensee against claims
of third parties. If, nevertheless, air pollution causes damage to
third parties, the damaged party may institute a civil action to claim
compensation. . . .
542
-------
APPENDIX B
NL - 11
Jun 71
COUNCIL ON AIR POLLUTION
DE RAAD INZAKE DE LUC'HTVERONTREINIGING
Secretariat: Dokter Reijersstraat 10
• Telephone 070-69^211 Telex 2570
Leidschendam
Ir.' S.H: Visser, Chairman.
vtadhuis •
Helder
Burgomaster of Den Helder.
Mevr.Mgr.Chr.A. de Ruijter-de Zeeuw, Deputy Chairman. Deputy member of the Provincial
Jfoningskade 1-2 ( Government of Zuid Holland.
's-Gravenhage
Mr- W. de Bruijn, Secretary
Dokter Reijersstraat 10
Leidschendam
Mr. J.A. Alleman, Asst.Secr.
idem
Dr. J.J. Barkman
Kampsweg 29
Wijster
Mr. F.J.J. Besier
Dokter Reijersstraat 10
Leidschendam
i
Ir. J.A. Beukers
Postbus 7150
Rotterdam
Mr. C.M.C." Brouerius van Nidek
Balen van Andelplein 2
Voorburg
Ir. H. Corver
Maliebaan 21
•ytrecht
Ir.J.F. Cusell
Van Alkemadelaan 85
' s-Gravenhage
.^ *
* -i
J.E. Duintjer
Julianalaan 9
Veendam
Jr. H. Eilers
Dokter Reijersstraat 8
Leidschendam
Ir. A.J. Elshout
Rochussenstraat 200
Rotterdam
Biological Laboratories of the
Netherland Union Against Water,
Soil and Air Pollution.
Director of Environmental & Food
Hygiene, Ministry of Social Affairs
& Public Health.(Min.SoZaVo)
Chairman of Exec.Cttee. of the
Europoort-Botlek Industries
Organisation. (ML.01?)
Dir.Gen. for Labour, Hinderwet Dept.
(Min. SoZaVo)
Inspector of General Affairs &
Planning of the Technical Culture
Service (Min.Agric. & Fisheries.)
Director for the Building Indu:
(Min. Housing etc.)
Air Pollution Working Gp. of the
Industrial Water Commission.
Inspector in the State Supervision
of Public Health (Min.SoZaVo)
Rotterdam Municipal Electricity
Board.
543
-------
APPENDIX B_. (continued)
l\ is - 1.1.
Jun 71~
Mr. H.B. Engelsman
Stationsplein 2
Schiedam
Rljnmond Authority (NL.OOO)
Dr. N.J.A. Groen
Dokter Reljersstraat 8
Leidschendam
Environmental Hygiene Inspector in
Chief (Min. So2aV6)
Ir. J. Hellemans
Prinses Marielaan 1
Amersfoort
Chr. van Hofwegen
Piet Hein 2k
Sliedrecht
Director of the Assn. of Users of
Boilers and Prime Movers.
Recreational Group of 's-Gravenhagej
Burgomaster of Sliedrecht
Dr. W.H. Kemmers
javastraat 80
' s-Gravenhage
Ir. J.G. Kuiperbak
Fruitweg 262
's-Gravenhage
Ir. A.H.W. Martens
Apollolaan 9
Heerlen
Mej.Mr. J. van Ommen
Steenvoordelaan 370
Rijswijk Z.H.
Ir. M.W. den Outer
Rochussenstraat 200
Rotterdam
Ir. W.C. Reij
Balen van Andelplein 2
Voorburg
Mr. L.G. van Reijen
Paleisstraat 5
' s-Gravenhage
Dr. A.J Schilstra
Paviljoenlaan 9
Haarlem
Prof. Dr- F.H Schmidt
Utrechtseweg 297
De Bilt
Ir. F.N. Sikkes
Achter'de St. Pieter 20
Utrecht
Dir.Gen. of the Central Office of
Horticultural Cooperatives.
Chief Inspector of the State Service .- .
for Road Traffic (Min.Roads &Waterways)
Insp.Gen. of the State Supervision
of Mines.
Policy-forming Dept. for Open Air
Recreation (Min.Culture* Recreation
& Social Security)
Director of Rotterdam Municipal
Electricity Board.
Dir.Gen. for Labour (Min. SoZaVo)
Director of Assn. of Netherlands
Municipalities (NL.022) '
Director of Provincial Council for
Public Health.
Director of the Special Division.for ,
Scientific Research of the KNMT (Nl'.0<5)
Deputy Member of Utrecht Municipal
Council.
544
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
_ -
Jun~71
Ir. W. van Soest
le van den Boschstraat k
's-Grayenhage
Prof. Dr. J.W. Tesch
Koningin Marialaan 21
's-Gravenhage
Mr. A Uyt den Bogaard
Postbus 7150
Rotterdam
L VerweiJ
Pririses Beatrixlaan 5
's-Gravenhage
Ir. W. Visser
te
IJmuiden
Dr. Ir. G.S van der Vlles
Shell Nederland RaffinaderiJ
Pernis
Director of the Horticultural trade
Directorate (Min.Agric, & FisherlesV
Chairman of TNO Health Organisation.
(Ml. 00;.)
Secretary of the Exec.Cttee. of the
Europooct-Dotlek Industries
Organisation. (ML .,017)
Secretary c>f the Environmental •
Hygiene Office of the Pftderation .
of Netherlands Employers. (NL.019)
Head of Chemical Technological Dept;
of the Royo I IXitch Blar.t Furnaces
& Steel Works, (NL.014)
Head of Technology Dept. (NL.OV5)
Mr. L.G Wansink
Bezuidenhoutseweg
's-Gravenhage
Ir. H. Wiggerts
Lange Voorhout 19
's-Gravenhage
Mr. N.M. Zijp
Raamweg 25-28
's-Gravenhage
Dir.Gen. for Energy Supplies
(Min. Econ. Affairs),
Head of State Planning Service.
Agricultural Commission.
545
-------
NL
Country
!oOl|r,OV|XitfjCJD|E|F ioi|o2|o3JM05|l1j12!l3|l4|l5|^|22|23|24 25 3l|32|33|34l35|X|M|s| ^lahlS. 711 i si X
—L 1 i_.J.--l—1. —1—-L—L. 1—1—L— ._1 1— 1- ' > I -1 1,—I— . 1-1 1 I. A I .1 1 | | .1 . I _ 1 _ I
i No |Type! Functions | Sources | Effects | Controls Remedies | Size | Status | Date ; ,
NAME:
ADDRESS:
Tel.: _
AFFIL"
RAAD VOOR DE LUCHTVERONTRETNTGTNG
Air1 Pollution Council
'Dokter Reljerstraat 10,
LEIDSCHENDAM.
(070) 69'.42.11
Min. van Volksgezonclheid en
Miliauhygiene (Min. of Publii
Health & Environ'l Hygiene).
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Ir.
Hr.
Function
S. H. Visser
'W. de Bruin
.chairman
i secretary
50 members representiijig all aspects
I of Netherlands organisation.
AP aims and actions: • Comments:
To advise the Minister on measures to be taken to imple-
ment the new Law.
To coordinate and de-fine research for effective abate-
ment measures and for -,-esolvin^ disputes arising from
the application of the rif.w Law.
ML.001 Raad voor de Luchtverontrciniging
002 !';OV A|^!C|D E;P 01'0?03'04J05'l/ll2!l3!l4!l5l21.22 2374:25 31'32|33|34|35j
v1 A | p\ C | I
j Si /' 2|3 l £.71
Country
NAME:
No. Type Functions
Sources
MAD VOOn DE VOLKSrtEZONDHETD
Health Council
Effects Controls
Remedies
Size Status Date ,, .
-
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS: Dokter Reijerstraat 10,
LEIDSCHENDAM.
Tel.: (070) 69.42.11
AFFIL: Min. van Volksgezondheid en
Milieuhygiene (Min. of Public
Health & Environ'1 Hygiene).
PERSONNEL
Function
AP aims and actions:
Has developed national standards for maximum allowable
concentrations for SOg-
Comments:
Ts no.t concerned with the use of
the- standards in regulations. '
NL.002 Raad voor de Volksgezondheid
546
-------
• Country
p03jpov
No. "[Type
* V I.
Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size Status
2 1 ai z . ^ 1
tus [Date | [
NAME: HOOFDTNSPECTTE VAN HE? MILIEU
ADDRESS
Environmental Health Inspectorate
: Dokter Reijerstraat 10,
LETDSCHENDAM.
AFFlL:
(0?6) 6v.42.ll
Win. van Volksgez.ondheid en
Milieuhyc;Jenc (Win. o;" Public
Health iS Environ 'l Hygiene).
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Dr.
Drs.
IT.
Ir.
PERSONNEL
, P. Harto/'finsis
H. Ellern
W.J. .Ko]ct..-e '•
7-8 district. Inspect
(possibly inoreaslrif
Function
director
ors
to 15-?0 by l'.)75)
AP aims and actions: ]
Surveillance and enforcement of clynn air regulations;
advicie whoro npproprial.e.
TrwesLtpatlons and practical work passed to HTV (NL.006)
Comments:
I'owerfu] official body.
NL.OO.v lloofdinspootlc van hot Milieu
7.6'j
ML oo'rfiOV AJ^jcjD^F .oi'oriy^josyiliziialulis
Country No. , Type, Functions Sources Effects
NAME: DIRECT-IE VOOR DE ARDFTD
Labour Directorate
ADDRESS: Balen van Adelplein L',
VOORBURfi .
Tel.:"
AFFIL: Min. van Volksg^zondhbid en
M.ilieuhygiene (Min. of Public
Health & Environ ' 1 Hygj ene) .
21;22;2$;24I25 31 '32 3313435
J I"L. ; 1 . .
Controls Remedies
Title PERSONNEL
Ir H.J.van Ebbenhortt
Tenybergen
,
Wl j ; 1
s i 2 \y l y t £,9 i i s i T
.Size Status [Date | ,
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
adviser on AP matters.
AP aims and actions: i
Supervision of appropriate factory legislation.
Advisory role in'application of Hinder-wet; reviews all j
applications for licences, esp. as regards potential '
hazards for workers. i
Comments:
I
ML.004 Directie voor de Arbeld
7.69
547
-------
NL'
Country
lOQ'i
i No. [Typaj
Functions
Ol[o2[o3[o4|o51l|l2|l3|l4|is|2l|22|2^[2/|25 31J32 33J34 35
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
s
Size
Status,
Dato
NAME: KONINKLIJK NEDELANDS METEOROLOCTSCH INSTITUuT ;
ACRONYM :•
Royal Ne_therlands Meteorological Institute
ADDRESS:
Te.i
AFFIL:
DE BILT.
ee
also
Title ' PERSONNEL
Prof.^ P. H. Schmidt
' . i C. A. Velds
i Lablantje
Dr. ; M. W. Schregard
Function-
director
ua
AP aims and actions :
Meteorological aspects of AT.
| Comments: .."'.'•,
Assisted in setting up nijnmond,-
Authority's monitoring system '
(advice and early measurert)ents>)
(see NL.016). f. -t
bit,
Country | No. jType
ML.OOt: Koninklijk Medorlands M-jteoroloe.ioch Tr;;iituut
00l:. :C;OV XlBiC,b;E:F Ci'02|03 04i05'1l|l2 13
7.69
Functions
Sources
Effects
15i21i^;24J24l253l!32|33|34J35JX|M|sjXJ2J3!7.69; . JS:'
' Controls | Remedies ] Size | Status | Date |
NAME:
ADDRESS:
RT.TKSTNSTTTUUT VOOR
State Laboratory for
BILTHOVEN
DE VOD(SnE
Public He
ZONDIIEID
alth
Title
Dr
Dr
PERSONNEL
.'. Spaan-.i ;r
P. Soaander
ACRONYM : R T V
f,ese0 NL.003
Function
director general
i/c AP work
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Min. van Volksgezondheid en
Milieuhygiene (Mnn. of Public
Health& Environ'?. Hygiene).
10 others in AP work.
AP aims and actions: i
Measurement of current pollution levels in ML.
Research into methods of'analysis and causes of AP.
Undertakes work at request of municipalities etc, and of
Environmental Health Inspectorate (NL.003).
Is expected to operate the national survey network pro-
• posed for 1970.
•Comments:
Sole gov't laboratory concerned
with AP; tends to autonomy.
NL.006. Rijksj.nstituut voor de Volksgezondheid
7.69
548
-------
1007INAT
Country No. (Type
C|DJ.E|F |oi|o2|o3|o4io5|ii|i2 islulis
I I -_i 1 I I J -i _!__]__. .1 . L.. -
Functions Sources ' Effects
2l22232425
Controls
31J32J33J3435
Remedies
Sire | Status
3J l.1\\
[ Date |
OOMMinSTE VOOR_pNpERZOEK .. VAN HET MTLTEUBEHEER _TNO
TNO Committee for Research on Environmental Problems
ADDRESS: Schoemakerstraat 97,
DELFT.
Tel: (01730) 37.00.0
AFFIL: TNO (see text).
ACRONYM:
afso ML. 008-012
Title
Ir. '
PERSONNEL
Function
E. F. Boon
chairman
;22 members representing government, industry,
agriculture, recreation, education, etc.
(see lie- over)J
AP aims and actions :
To assist in policy formation by encouraging coordinat-
ion between all organisations concerned with research
. into environrnent.il problems.
To help in preparing quanti tati v-? standard? for policy
use through the Joint action of bodies concerned.
Comments:
Kntablished Sept 1970.
NL.007
voor Onderzoek ten Dienste van net Milieubeheer TNO 1.71
NL.007
Commissie TNO voor Onder/.oek ten DJenst'' van net Milieubeheer 1.7J
Min. Soc. Aff. K Public lilth
Min. Apriculture & Fishery
M.in. Education .S- Science
Min. Culture, Recreation, i?-c.
Min. Economic Affairs
Min. Transport & Waterways
Min. Public Housing
TNO Central Organisation
Fed. oi1 ML Industries
NL Tourist Union
Cttee. for Envtl. Conservation
Agricultural Union
Waterways Union
Fed. of NL Municipalities
EducatJ on
Dr. J. Spaunder (RIV NL.006)
Dr.lr. C.
-------
ML . . 'OOrtJNATUJtflc DJEJF oi|o:io3|o4j05in
Country i No JTypej Functions Sources
12'13 14J15
Effect's
21J22J23 24J25)3i:3''!33 34J35' f-\j\. (\ /] 1' [_3 i 1 7V i S; /
Controls | Remedies i Sire | Status | D.iie \ |
NAME: STUDTE- EN TNPORMATTECENTRUM VOOR OMDERZOEK .. . MTLTEIJBEHEER TNC ACRONYM:
Study and Information Centre on Environmental Research TNO ^ ML. 007
ADDRESS: Schoemakerstraat 97.
DELFT.
Tei.:. (01730) 37.00.0
AFFIL: TNO (see text).
Title
• Dr.
Drs.
Ir.
PERSONNEL Function
L. Ginjaar director
P. Winkel AP :
L. de Laviet^r WP
toral 8.
1
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
To register and evaluate past, present and future envir- Established Sept 1970.
ohmental research; Proposing publication ot Newsletter.
To define areas for further research, and t.o initiate
them;
To translate research results into information for the;
policy makers and. others able to use them.
Preparing pollution chart of NL 1,0 frjtfibli:;h total
system interactions and costs.
Comparing international conservation reflations.
NL.008
Studie- on informatiecentrum voor Onderv.oek
ML.
Counlry' | No. |Type| Functions
Sources
EHects
Controls
Remedies
edies ~]
Milleubeneer TNO 1.71
' V!M
JXJ2J3J 7 . 6$.
Size | Status i Date f
NAME:
TNSTTTin.rr VOOR OEZOIIT.I'EIDSTEOHNTEK, TNO
Institute of Public lleaUh Engineering, TNO
ADDRESS:
Schoemakerstraat '}",'.
ACRONYM: (TNO)
s.ce NL.007 NL.OOfi
GlSO
Title ' PERSONNEL ' Function
DELF11.
Tel.: 017J.-0 - 37. 00 0
AFFIL: TNO (:;tv.- text)
Ir. L. J. Brasher
Tr. P. N. M..-i,ier
Totali AP effort. L,Kg
i
Dr. P. E. Jcosting
head of AP division
" Indnor Air division
( ie. Oci-.,|>- t -; onal Hyg.
ss 6P/16NP fi.lOm/yr
specialist on medical
aspects.
AP aims and actions: ' I Comments:
Research on methods of niuilysi;; cinx! instrumentation. ' f-nstitute with international rep-
MeasurementR of pollution "levcli; (either for research o>- | utation.
at request of lo'jal authorities or industries). !
Correlations between emissions ?nd pollution levels and
public health. •
Studies and advice on abatement processes (no pilot-
plant work see Centraal Tucl jii:;i;h [ nst. NL.012 ) .
NL. 00^1 I nnti tu'.n. voor Cosotidheidstechniek TMO
550
-------
Country No. [Type! Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
1.71
Date
S T
NAME: TNST1TUUT VOOR WEfiTRANSrORTMTDnET,EN TNO
Institute for Road Vehicles TNO
ADDRESS: SeliGemakerstraa I. <)?,
PKLFT.
Tel.:
(01730) 57.00.0
TNO (see text).
ACRONYM:
See
NL.007 NL.008
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Prof.il'.D. van dor Koogl
director
AP aims and actions: ! Comments:
To uniif-'i'take research arid to advise on the possibilities I
for r'-rducj ng emissions'from road vehicles, both spark-
ignition and compression ignition.
NL.010 Instltuut voor Wegtransportmiddelen TNO
NL :011 'NAT;AJ^| cj Dj E>F oYos.tntMjosjlj^iS 14 15
CoiTntry No iType, Functions ' : Sources Effects
NAME: CRNtRAAL'LABORATOnTUM TNO
Central laboratory .TNO
ADDRESS: Schoemakerstraat \)1 ,
DELFT.
Tel.: (01730) 37.00.0
AFFIL: ,,,NO (see text) _
21 2223l24!2B:31'32J33[34J35
Controls | Remedies
Title PERSONNEL
1.71
L M ?M|^|3 1.71J ISJ T
Size [ Status Date , ,
ACRONYM:
See
also NL.007 -010
Function
Dr. Parmeticr idlrector
AP aims and actions:
Studies of atmospher.ic chemistry, esp. photo-smog.
Provides laboratory {support to other TNO organisations.
Comments:
NL.011
Centraal Laboratorium TNO
1.71
551
-------
I!T. 'OI^MAT^PJC
DJE|F 01 :02 0?f Ojl105:11
• Country , No. |Typej Functions . Sources !
12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 31 132 3jtf3c3jj| llf^j S yl 2 I 3 l,7l' 'si 7
Effects I Controls Remedies ] Sue Status Ddto j • • \
NAME : - - CEMTOAAL TECWTSCH TNSTTTUtJT TMO ACRONYM: TNO
Central Technical Institute TNO ^"" NT, .00?
ADDRESS :Lanp;e Kleiweg
HUSWUK,.
Zuid Holland.
Tel.:
AFFIL: ('."NO)
41,
Title PERSONNEL
C. F. Colon
Function
head of Dept. of Techno-
logical Advice.
AP aims and actions :
Research on methods of analysis for gaseous and partic-
tilate pollutants.
Research and advice on treatment of effluent gases from
ohemira'l plant; includes pilot plant work (contrast
Tnst. '.iMondheidstechnifek TOO - UL.007).
Comments :
!!T,.01.2 Cent: v.i.-,! T--hn i .•••'• 1 nst.i Luut TMO
1.71
Mf.. - - 013 iNAT/je
CoiTtTtry No. :Type Fi
CiD E K- 01 l?2:03 C»;05'11 12 13 14 15 21127 231
1 ' i . : i . , j_J. . _ .1 :.. 1
nctinns Sourci'S Effects Contro
24125 3O2 pal34 35
s Remedies
Size
NAME: .TTAATSMT.TNEN
State Mines
Status | Date 1
S1.T.
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS: Central Laboratory,
fil-LEEN.
Tfil.:
AFFIL:
Title
Dr
_ PERSONNEL
P.O. Meerman
Function
i/c AP matters.
AP aims and actions :
Measurement, of pollution levels (mainly dust,
NOp ) around area of own operations.
Mnken :;ome measurements for local municipalities.
iioscaroh into methods of abatement.
Comments:
and
ML. 0.12 S'taatsrrri .
.7.69
552
-------
ML |014 REfiJAlXlc Oi'-E F !ov!o2.'o3;;M!o5'l1
12:13}l4J15i2ll22l23|?4]25i31j32!33!343E
, Country [ No. Typej Functions j Sources ; Effects Controls j Remedies
NAME:.CENTRAALE COORDTNATIE COMM. LUCHTVERONTRETNTfiING 7IITD HOLLANT
Central Coordinating Commission for AP in South Holland
ADDRESS: Provincie Huis,
Koningsgade 1,
DEN HAAG.
Tc, (070) 81.46.11
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
' E. Bosma s
t
X|M|S if XI sIl.Tll isi/
J Sizt Status 1 Date ] f
ACRONYM:
See
also ML. 009
Function
ecretary
AP aims and actions: i Comments:
Intercommunication of information about AP activities of1 Publishes annual re-ports of environ-
organlsations in Zuid Holland area (eg. Rljnmond Auth- mental situation in area.
ority, Rotterdam Commission, Dordrecht Municipality, Measurements by TWO-in (NL.009).
TOO).
tJUOVl Cen Irani i.:ooril inati e (,'ommlssie ... /,uid llollanrl
1.71
nr-i': A
No | Tynii Functions
tlVO?
15j21J22 23i^425,31 3233|3435; X'1 M[ sl 1 X 3 p. 71'
rff''i:ts Controls i Remedies
Status i Date
NAME: ^R-rr. COORD. COMM. T.
Central Cooru'g Commission for AP in the North Sea Tana]
ADDRESS: Provincie Huis,
Dreef 3,
HAAF^LEM.
Tot.:
AFFIL.
ACRONYM:
See
.ilso.
Title
PERSONNEL Function
i. A. Sch'l.-Jtra i secretary
AP aims and actions: dmirnonts :
' loct'd.l na Li on or information on AT act, i v i t i es by orpariis- l-."oii Ltt'; of mi:anuri-ir:' '\,\.n arc published
.itions in Noord-7,oe-Kanaa 1 ar^a. i in own quarl-.erly i-r;p.-ift,s.
Moanurcrrierits of particulates and SO;- in tins area since
NL.01'-
Centrfia.le Coord inatie Commissie ... Noor;l;;eekanaa l.-j':eb i cd
1.7L
553
-------
i:L •Ol6:RFrtlAJ BJ CJp'j-E
Cou'ntry . No IType] Functions
NAME: OPENHAAR LTCHAAM
F J01J0203
] Sonrc
HT.Ti;r, Commlssie voor de Mi
cu.ee.
31 1 32J 33|34|35| LJy| SJ/j 2(3
Remedies ,| Sire | Status
. iou Hygiene
Tor Environmental Hygiene
1.71
Date
w
!•
ACRONYM :Ri,jnmond Auth.
f,eso ML. 005-6-P6
ADDRESS: r>t.r\ t. i onsple in ?,
:'i-l!iraiAM.
r,.( . (010) 26.2b.?6
AFFIL: Municipalities of Iho area.
Title
Dr.
fr.
Drs.
PERSONNEL
Function
L. A. Clnrenburg jdirector
(P. van der Berg (asst. director
|F. R. Qunst
|T. van Ri .in
j
I
total of K (incl.
supervisor of network
sociologist
fieldworkers).
AP aims and actions:
Opcratoa a centralised fully-automatic S02 monitoring
nyntem in the Rijnmond area, with computer-based warn-
ings to local authorities and to industry in its area.
prr, public complaints of AP
iv.'3 advice and information on AP
palities.
in
[mostly smells).
to supporting munici-
Comments:
I Supported from local taxes, and by
RTV (ML.006), Philips (NL.026) and
KNMI (NL.005).
S02 used as indicator of pollution
levels, esp. industrial smells; may
widen to monitoring other pollutants
(NOX Oxidant) later.
lias no authority to demand remedial
action; this remains with local
authorities (Hinderwet).
i-'l.O.'lm operating budpet.
Ml,.Old
Openbaar Uchanm Hi.jnmond (Ri.lnmond Authority)
1.71
tit, 'c>i7 Mini A
duifitry No ,Type
4j C| 01/JF OV02.03'04!05:11 12J13 14 15 21:2128134 25.31 '32 33 3
I I' r I i : i i 1 . 1 1 1 . 1 . i ' 1' . i .. .1
Functions Sources ! Effects
'[35M^l.!i:!^i 3J> -.Tii .._ -1S1A
Controls | Remedies | Size j Status | Date i :
NAME: ROTTERDAM, Commie:; it- Bodurn, Water, Lucht
Rotterdam tommissinn for 3oil, V^ater and Air
ADDRESS, liaan 170,
ROTTERDAM.
Tel.:
AFFIL. Rotterdam Municipal Authority
Title ' PERSONNEL
T. B. Hooghoudt
(M. J. Heinen
Ir. .3. Koopmans
Drs. |W. E. Kril
Ir.
Mr.Ir.
Dr.
P. van der Burg
P. C. Rus
K. Biersteker
ACRONYM:
also ML. 018 ML. 019
Function
^secretary
Building & Housing Inspect 'e
n ii ii
iEnvtl. Hyg. Inspect 'e Z-H.
Rijnmond Authority
Labour Inspect 'e, Je Dist.
Health Dept.
AP aims and .actions: I Comments:
Measurement of air quality (SOp smoke) around Rotterdam.iIs the principal municipal commission
Invostigation of incidents 'and sources of pollution. of this type, and the most exper--
Studies and recommendation of abatement measures. ienced.
Advice to Rotterdam Municipal Authority. !
ML.017
Rotterdam Commissie Bodem, Water, Lucht
1-71
554
-------
KHecl;:
Controls
Rerntiditis
xMSj l
Si/e [ Status
NAME: 'AMSTERDAM: COMM.T3SI.fe; BODEt'i, HATER, LUCHT
Amsterdam Commission for .L5o:Il, Water and Air
ADDRESS: Nieuwe Achtergracht. ICO,
AMSTERDAM.
Tel.:
APFIL:
Amsterdam Municipal Council
Date j
s|/f
ACRONYM:
See
also
ML.01? ML.019
Title
Dr
PERSONNEL
A.L.Noordam
Function
secretary
18-20 ijiembers including'representatives of the Health
liept,, Building and Housing Inspectorate, and the
Power Station.
AP aims, and actions:
Consideration of air quality around Amsterdam.
Studies of abatement principles.
Commissions measurements of pollutant levels as needed.
Advice to Amsterdam Municipal Authority.
Comments:
One of the few municipal commissions
of this type (see also ML.017).
NL.018 Amsterdam: Commissl
ML io.19 |A.SN Al^lc pi EjF I0lio?.j03j0405|11
Country"". No. | Typo j Functions | Sources
e Bodem, Water, Luo
Effects ; Controls
NAME: VERENTGING VAN NEDERLANDSE GEMEENTEN
Association of Netherlands Municipalities
ADDRESS: Paleiss-Straat 5,
DEN HAAG.
Tel. :
AFFIL:
lit 7.6y
1!32|333435j LJ^JSI 1^J3 l.yij IsJT
Remedies | Size (Status Date I ' |
ACRONYM :
as,ese0 ML. 007 . '
Title PERSONNEL Function
Dr Ph.A.Idenb
i
arg .asst. director
i
AP aims and actions: I Comments:
Provides AP (etc) advice for guidance of municipalities,! Represented on TNO Commissie (NL.007!
esp. those with no Commission for AP of their own. ; .
Makes own, or commissions surveys. |
ML.010 Verenlging van Noderlandse Gemeenten
1.71
555
-------
Country No.
Type
Functions
Sources
Effects
2i[ 22)23) 24 2531) 32) 33
Controls
343
Remedies
M S
Size
Status j Date ,
NAME: . SANERTNGS COMMTSSTE (RTJNMOND GEBIED)_
Rhine Estuary Area Health Commission
ADDRESS: Baan 170,
ROTTF.RDAM.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
ML.004 ML.016
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Prof. ,H. Boerma
ichairman
+ 15|members representing municipalities of area,
AJbeidsinspectie (Ml).. 004), OLR (NL.016).
AP aims and actions:
. Comments:
To develop practical measures for improving all aspects Sft up Nov. 1970.
of the environment in the Rhine Estuary area. llns technical sub-cttee for industr-
ial pollution control problems.
NL.020 Batterings Comrrussie (
ML : 02^ ASM AJ^JcjoJE jr/'oijo2J03io4J05'.ii
Country No. Type Functions Sources
Rijnmond Gebied)
12 13 14|lXl2^|22:23J24 25.31 's2 33 34
Effects Controls Remedies
1.71
4LIMl?J^3iknj NT
1 Size 1 Status j Date | • • }
NAME: STTCIITTNG EUROPOORT/BOTLEK BELANfiEN ACRONYM:
Association of Europort-Botlek Industries f,"
ADDRESS : -P 0 Box 7150,
ROTTERDAM.
Tel . 010 - 16 18 00
AFFIL: see title
Title PERSONNEL
Ir J.A.Beukers
A.Uyt den Bogaard
i
Function
chmn of Executive Cttee.
spokesman for AP matters.
sec. of Executive Gttee.
AP aims and actions: Comments:
To keep informed of AP opinions and regulations, and to
represent- its members in local and national discussions
of AP.
Ts informed of short-term pollution levels by Rijnmond
Authority.
ML.025 Stichtiag Europoort/Botlek Belangen
1.71
556
-------
ML |0.'f __
Country t No |Type
Functions
10ljo2103.04|05!lljl2ll3|u|l5|21i2ij23|24l25 31 J32|33J34!35| iJ r>
; I I I I J— I I i 1 I I ' I . 1. i I I I i I 71
j Sources | Effncts i Controls Rumndies j Si
IM s
'.IIC
rt'K
Status
Onto
NAME:
pflTIJPS NEDERIANP m
ACRONYM:
ADDRESS:
Tel.:
AFFIL:
KINMIOVKN
'•> 33 33
MV Philips (IJ olelampen-
fabrieken.
Title
Tr
PERSONNEL
.i.ll.C.v.-in Mourlk
Tr I n.W. Vt.Tl.fieti.-ri
..I. Brnuwi/r
10 other:; in res.
.,1
bhcklng of instruments rllv.
Function .
I/i: AF1 wnrk
Industrial automation rtlv.
res. Jab. head
labs.
AP aims and actions :
Comments :
Development. <>!' hU'h quality Inntniment.s (preferably auto- largest instrument manufacturer
.iwitic) for A!' monitoring, both indoor and outdoor. 1° f|L.
.'I!';, auto-mmi! I. or developed (see 1(1, \nmond Authority plans
for survey - NL.016); N0;, Oxidnnt CO etc instruments
Central oomputfr for suveil I arn:e ;nnl national telemeter-
1 np; syriti'in hoin^ developed.
t-.i.'r. nk;o wll.h HIV (Nl,.(n)t').
NL.Ut.'t.' Phi 1 ip:' !:. .1. rl:in,l I.:V
Cuinrtry"' No |Typc Functions SDiircus i
NAME-. KONTNKT.T>TKR NEnmTAirrx^r! "HRT.T. i
Hoyal Iiiitah Shell liihnrat.orii.'C
ADDRESS.
AMOTERDAM
Tel :
AFFIL: Hoyal Dutch Shell Group
Effects Controls j Humndics Size Status | Date
-AnonATORnw, AR^TRHDAM ACRONYM :
, Amsterdam ;)|So NT,.C^''-
Title PERSONNEL Function
Dr 'M.van dor V/aarden i/c AP work
AP aims and actions: j Comments :
Hesearcli on methods of analysis and means of abatenient.
Does AP work on behalf of entire Croup of Shell companies.
ML.027 Konlnkli.jko liedelandse Shell Laboratorium, Amsterdam
7.69
557
-------
tfL ____ J028 |TND|
Country No. |Type| Functions
Sources
4 _|s_| T
[ Effects | Control! ] Remedies | Site [Stilus Date , ' f
NAME:
SVELLNEDERLANURAFFTNADimiJ, ROTTERDAM ACRONYM:
Shell Netherlands Refinery, Rotterdam Sae JJL.^Y
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:
:Pernis,
ROTTERDAM.
010 - 31 91 11
Royal Dutch Shell Group
Title
Dr Ir
PERSONNEL ,
G.S.van der Vliei
, . Function
head of Technical Div.
AP aims and actions:
Measurement of pollution levels around refinery.
Comments:
NL.023 Shell Nederland RaffinaderiJ, Rotterdam
7.69
Nl '' 02.9 JTND ' AJ BJCJ/Jj E | / IOl|o2|o3JO«|o5[ll[l2 13 14 16
Country No. | Type; Functions ! Sources ' Effects
21JZ2J23|24 25 31 32J?^ 3^|3S| L[M[^j 1 [ /| 3J 7. 69 1 j sj T
Controls Remedies | Size [Status | Date \ \
NAME : KONTNKLT.IKE NEDERLANDSE IIOOOOVENS EN STAALFABRTEKEN ACRONYM :
See
Royal Netherlands Iron and Steel Works also
ADDRESS:
L.TMUIDEN.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Title
Ir
PERSONNEL
W. Vlsser
Function
i/c AP matters.
AP aims and actions :
Measurements of SOg N02 and vegetation damage around
works.
Research into methods of abatement.
Comments:
NL.02y Koninklijke Nedelandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken
7.69
558
-------
Ml j 030 IND X|
Country I No. |Type
^|C|D EJr/]oi'[02J03JO«j05J11
Functions | Sources j
12l13J14|^5j£li22 23J24J25 31 3^33 34
Effects [ Controls Remedies
35JJ. MJ9J1 2Jy( 7.69| |S| T
1 Size Status | Date ; ;
NAME: • VERENTGING KJIACHTWERKTUTGEN ACRONYM:
Society
of Power Engines Sea
ADDRESS: Regentesselaan 2,
AMERSFOORT.
Tel. :
AFFIL:
AP aims and actions :
Title PERSONNEL
Dr Jp.G.Fohr
Function
lab. director
I Comments :
•-' v-**.* ^. *-+* tuv, ui l-_fv_tfcj Wi Uk^u \J J. I tft JJVyj.J.LJ^J. >*Jl 1 J. A t_*IM CJi l^J.1 11
Advises Fed. of Netherlands Employers (ML. (TJ2).'
Vereniging Krachtwerktuigen, Amersfoort
Country ' No jTypoi Functions
Sourcos
Effects
Controls
-r-,34!361^!5
Remedies Si/e
7.69
Status DC.IC
NAME: VKRENTGING VAN DTRF-CTEIIREti VAN FT.Ji:rTHTCTTETT5BEDr;*.'
Society of Directors of Power Stations....*
ADDRESS: utrechtseweg BIO,
ARN11EM.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM: VDEN-KEMA
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Tr A.J.Elshout
Function
I i/c AP matters.
AP aims and actions:
Determination of dust and SOo in the neighbourhood of
power stations.
Comments:
Apparently does not publish results.
*..EN KEURING VAN ELECTROTECHNISCHE
MATERTALEN ...and Institute 'for
Testing Electrotechnical Materials.
ML.051
Vereniging van Directeuren van Electrlciteltsbedrijven...
1.71
559
-------
Country | No. |Type| Functions
)1 02|o3J04|o6]ll|l2|l3|l4J1^2X|22|23J24J25 31 32 33J34
Sources I Effects [ Controls Remedies
^l^ill^Mil [SLT
I Site | Status | Date | ]'
NAME: •'- HAAD VAN NEDERLANDSE WERKGEVERSVERBONDEN: Bureau Milieu ACRONYM:
Federation of Netherlands Employers: Office of Envtl Hyg. *™0
ADDRESS: Prinses Beatrixlaan .5,
P 0 Box 2110,
's-GRAVENHAGE.
Tej . 070 - 81 41 71
AFFIL:
Title
Ir
PERSONNEL
J.E.Duintjer
J.A.Beukers
L.VerwelJ
Function
president
vice-preaident
secretary
AP aims and actions.:
Information exchange for members regarding impact of AP
regulations on industrial operations and employees.
Comments:
Maintains contact with Govt. and
trade unions, etc.
NL.032 Raad van Ned. Werkgeversverbonden: Bureau Milieu
1.71
NL" |04l ACDi/[^|_cJ_p] EJF 01102103, OfQsl 11J12J13[14|16[21| 22; 23] 24J 25 3l|
Country No. , Type! Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies | Size
Status
1.71
Date
S T
NAME:
T/U ENSCHEDE, Lectorat Chemische Cezondheidstechniek
Faculty of Environmental Hygiene
ADDRESS: ENSCHEDE.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
tr.
PERSONNEL
Function
H. Peters
1+ 5 staff
lecturer
AP aims and actions:
Study of flue gas cleaning and desulphurisation.
Comments:
NL.041 T/U Enschede, Lectorat Chemische Gezondheidstechniek
1-71
560
-------
MI. ' lOAO NATi A X c 0 ^i ^ :oi'o2!o3'04, os;ii
Country' | No. [Type! Functions j Sources
i*|i3Ji4
Effects
15
21
22J?JZ4|25
Controls
31 j 32J 33| 34J 35J y
Remedies |
NAME: TNSTTTUUT VOOR PLANTE7TEKTENKUNDTC ONDERZOEK
Institute for Phy topathological Research
ADDRESS: Bi nnenhaven 12,
Title
M
SM2
3
Size | Status
1.711 !
Date 1
5 7
ACRONYM: T P 0
See
also
PERSONNEL ]
Function
Tel.:
AFFIL.
WAfiKNTNGEN.
Win. of Agric. ^- l-'iahoriec
Univ. of Wa^eninf:cn
Dr. ij. G. ten llouten jdirector
Dip.Tng|F. H. Spierings
AP aims and actions: . j Comments:
Research into the effects of AP on plant growth and crop;Cooperates with Min.SoZaVo (Mjn. of
yield. . Social Affairs K Public Health).
Investigations of instances of plant damage (possibly as'Offices in many parts of NL.
a part, of Icral proceedings). Wider interests than AP only.
ML. 040 [n3tit.iii.u. v u..r I'lf.nt.t.
UT, 'O4'"l SOC Ail([C;D,E j 011020304,05,11
.... ..1 1 1 1 i i.!;_-
Cnuhlry '" No (Type Functions Smirrus
i: i '.'kit.
i2'.n!i4
Elfucts
nkundig Ondf.
15|21j22'23i24l25
: Controls
i-iioek
3l|32|33|34J35
Rcmodics
L M| S
Size
NAME: STTCHTTNr; TNTERNATTOMAAT, rOOTACTORRAAN MTLTKIIBESnjFnMTNn
Fnternsti onal Contact. Organisation i'or EnvJ ronnn.-ni.al Cons'n
,J23
Status
7.71 '; .s T
i i '
Date [
ACRONYM: S T C 0 M
See
also
ADDRESS. Postbus
DKLIT.
Tel :
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
I^rof.Dr L. A. Clarenburg chairman (OLR NL.016)
Ir. L. ,). Braaser isecretary (TNO NL.0091
+ 5lm6i'bers from organisations listed over.
AP aims and actions :
To provide non-governmental organisation to represent
Netherlands views on TUAPPA and elsewhere.
Comments:
Member of TUAPPA (X.02?).
Stichtirin IriternatLonaal Contactorgaan Milieubescherming
7.71
561
-------
NL.049 Stichting Tnternationaal Contactorgaan Milieubescherming
Member organisations;-
Openbaar Lichaam Rijnmond (OLR - ML.016)
Stationsplein 2, SCHIEDAM. (010.26.26.26)
Instituut voor Gezondheidstechniek-TNO (NL.009)
Schoemaker-straat 97, DELFT. (01730.37-00.0)
De Nederlandse Vereniging tegen Water, Bodem en Lucht-verontreiniging
Oude Delft 95, DELFT. (01730.25-58.1)
Koninklijk Instituut voor Ingenieurs; Afd. Gezondheidstechniek.
Prinsesse gracht 23, Den HAAG. (070.18.45.42)
Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging, Sectie Milieu Chemie
Burnierstraat 1, Den HAAG. (070.11.07.44)
Vereniging Kracht Werktuigen
Regentesselaan 2, AMERSFOORT.(03490.17.24.5)
Vereniging voor' Sociale Geneeskunde
7.71
ML
Cuunfry
l05li SOC;A|B|C|D|E^ !Ol|o2[toio4io5illil2|l3l/l|l6|2l|22J23|24|253l!32|33|34|35| L|M|AJ 1 2 \* 7.69 I JSJ T
—,j 1 1.—L-- -1—J— J— L, _,_— J -—I — 1 —[.-.>. 1 .-* * _J 1 .—-I—L.. I 1 i - -L - -X—J-—J— 1 —t—L- — I ... —j- I 1 —
; No. |Typej Functions | Sources , Effects | Controls Remedies | Size [Status Gate j ,,f
NAME: AKTIECOMITi LEEFBAR31EID AMSTERDAM EN NOORDZEEKANALOEBIED
Action Cttse for a Livable Env't in Amsterdam and ... Area
ADDRESS:
AMSTERDAM.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
Title PERSONNEL
. .. j
Dr , J. W. Copius-
i Peereboom
Function
chairman
AP aims and actions:
Conservation of the environment.
Comments:
Originally set up to fight proposal
by Progil (Prance) to set up plant
near Amsterdam.
Dr. C-P is a lecturer at Amsterdam
Univ.
ML.051 Aktiecomlte Leefbarheid Amsterdam...
7.69
562.
-------
ML J050|_SOC;A
Country i No. ]Type
B CJDJE J^joii02j03
Functions : Snurc
04
es
05jlljl2jl3!l/tjl5
Effects
NAME: WATERWEGGEBTED.
Assn. against AP .In and around
ADDRESS : Roemer Visscherstraat ?',,,
VLAARDTNGEN.
Tel1; 010 - >4
AFFIL:
75 39
rrjTi.TNf! "
Contr
24
DlS
FN EN OM
25
11
31
32
Re
33
TIC
34
lie;
35 L M S
Size
i i|X|s l.',l Is T
Sintus Dnt.< [
TT NTEIIWE- ACRONYM
tin.1 New Waterway Area
Title
Dr
PERSONNEL
G. J.Henning
H. Boerma
Sun
Function
director
secretary
AP aims and actions:
To press for clean air in the Mew Waterway area
Comments:
Citizens' pressure group; very
active in correspondence; etc
with Ministries etc...
Have requested access to Hinder .vet
for area to see if reasonable.
Technically skilled.
Tublishes "Reine Lucht": Ci'ly.
NL.050 Verenigln,-. .... Nleuwewaterweggebied 1.71
ML lo['.." iSOr'AjBlC DJEJF/Ollo2|0304|05lll[l2 13[r4 15 21j22J23[24|25i31 3233J34I35 LMl^jIja^ y.gCjj SJT
Courilry No |Typc Functions Sources : Effects ; Controls Remedies Size [Status Date
NAME: VOOnLTCHTTOCSCFinraiM VOOR NATUURDESCHEFIMINC ACRONYM:
Sefi
Information Centre for Nature Conservation aiso
ADDRESS: Herengracht 540,
AMSTERDAM.
Tel. .
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL • Function
i
1 i
i
AP aims and actions :
To promote environmental conservation.
Comments :
Private organisation.
Netherlands body for 1970 European
Conservati on Year.
ML.052 Voorlichtingscentrum voor Natuurbescherming
7.69
563
-------
NEW ZEALAND
New: Zealand is very mountainous, with local problems in air dispersion.
As a whole, the country is subject to rapidly successive high and low systems
and, correspondingly, is well ventilated. Since domestic heating is required
in the winter, the continued use of domestic coal fires in the South Island
results -in air pollution in urban areas, chiefly at Christchurch. There are
geothermal sources of pollutants near urban areas in Central North Island.
As a result of the growth of industries and an increase in motor traffic,
attention is being directed to the need for pollution controls in main
urban areas.
The approach to the problem of air pollution in New Zealand is similar
to that of Great Britain, with a central Chemical Inspectorate in the
Department of Health for major industries. Local authorities are responsible
for controlling smoke and pollution from minor industries and domestic
sources; and traffic police, for motor vehicles. Complete measurements
and controls are maintained over all radioactive substances, both from
local points of origin and in the atmosphere.
Currently, responsibility for pollution control is divided among many
i .. :''
departments of the central government. Efforts are being made to coordinate
these areas of interest under an Environmental Council, and a new Clean Air
Bill is in draft. This legislation is expected to cover motor vehicles and
domestic sources, as well as industrial emissions. The present draft would
require taking the "best practical means" to reduce emissions, so as to be
within published standards and regulations defining allowable emissions.
The public is concerned about all forms of pollution, and numerous pressure
groups are supporting the need for new legislation.
Information for this review was supplied by Mr. R.T. Douglas, Chief
Chemical Inspector, at Wellington, and Professor W. Strauss of the
Clean Air Society, at Melbourne.
Preceding page blank
565
-------
ooi
Cruintry No. JTypej Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Size [Status j Date [
NAME: Chemical Inspectorate
Public
ADDRESS:
Dept. of Health
P.O. Box 5013
Wellington, New
Tel.:
Health Division
Zealand
AFFIL.
Air Pollution Committee of N.Z..
'Board of Health
Title
...
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Dr.
ACRONYM:
See
also
PERSONNEL
R. T. Douglas
N. G. Thorn
D. Pullcn
G.. Daly
Function
Chief Chemical Inspector
Auckland Chemical
Inspector
South Island Chemical
Inspector
Advisor in Plant Ecology
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
1. Implementing Part V of Health Act.
2. Monitoring pollutants in the atmosphere.
3. Education and advising of local authorities and
industry.
k. Preparation of emission and air quality standards.
Similar to British Alkali
Inspectorate. Local authorities
administer "smoke regulations",
wiili appeal to Chemical
Inspectorate from industry.
•N Z '002 Gov tfi %t c I 91! E F 'oi!o2'.0304j05!11 12ll3'.14 15|21j22'23£4l25|31J32|33|34|36J L MJ S 1 2
Country No. [Type, i-unctions , Sources Effects Controls | Remedies Sue Statu
V/71 . isLT.
s [Date )
NAME: Npu Zealan-d Meterolo^cal Service ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Salamanca Road,
P.O. Box 722, Wellington, N.Z.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Title ' PERSONNEL i Function
Dr. : J.F. Cabites Director
Dr. ' J.F. deLisle Assistant Director
(Research)
AP aims and actions : Comments :
Conducts field tests for siting of power stations,
industrial plants, and advising town and county
planning authorities.
Maintain;, continuous monitoring network, standard
measurements.
A
566
-------
NZ . '003
Gov
Country : No. [Type
yj^c/JDj|aJF
Functions
01 02J 03
04>5)1>2J^|15
Sources I Effects
yl2^2/2/!25!31!32!33!34!35 /M s >i2 3 9/7i |s| T
Controls
NAME: National Radiation Laboratory
[ Remedies ' Size Status Date- j
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
P.O. Box 1456
ChristchurcK, New Zealand
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Health Department
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
G. E.
Roth
Function
Director
AP aims and actions:
All aspects of air pollution control relating
specifically to radiation hazards, artificial and
natural. Surveys of radio-active fallout in N.Z
and Pacific'Island territories.
Comments:
.tfZ ___ IOOA. JN'AT jtf BJ
Country - No. [Type.
Hunctiors
Sources
Effects
Controls
31 3233 3436
Remedies
IMS
Size
12 314/71
Status Date
Si T
NAME: Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research
ADDRESS:
Chemistry Division or Institute o£
Nuclear Sciences
D.S.I.R.
Private Bag
Petone, New Zealand _
AFFIL7"" :""
ACRONYM: DSIR
See
also
Title
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Ellis
Rafter
Function
Director,
Chemistry Division
Director,
Nuclear Sciences
AP aims and actions':
Development of cheap materials for absorption of
hydrogen sulphide for protection of persons and
electrical/telephone installations. The DSIR
also maintains Institute of N-jclear Science at
Lower Hutt, New Zealand, network for continuous
monitoring of isotopes of H, C, 0 in air an*.
water.
Comments:
567
-------
'05 i
Country No. |Type| Functions
02 03 04 05
Sources
11|12|13|1415 21)22 23)24
111
Effects
_L
Controls
2531 32333435
Remedies
L M
Size
123
Status
Date
S T
NAME: Auckland Air Pollution Research Committee.
ACRONYM:
ADDRESS:
P.O. Box 2225
Auckland, HZ
JTeJL:
"AFFU. :
Dept. of Scientific and Industrial
Research (NZ 004}
Title
Mr.
also
PERSONNEL
A.W. Skam
Function
Secretary
AP aims and actions:
"Ad-hoc body, coordinating local activities through its
member organizations.
Conducts general surveys, including pollution from
motor vehicles.
Comments:
I
02|o3jo4|o5|1l|l_2J13jl4 15 21j22]23j24l25J3l]32J33
NAME: christchurch Regional Planning Authority
Air Pollution Committee
ADDRESS:
Regional Planning Authority
Christchurch, N.Z.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Mr.
von Tunzelmann
Secretary
AP aims and actions:
Coordinating activities of local authorities
in the Chrifitchurch region.
Comments:
568
-------
... NZ _ ; 00 7.; SQ[*|^
Country | No. ITypel F
C|D| EJ/ioi!o2|o3|04i05ill|l2|l3|14 15
jnctions I Sources | Effects
21J22|2324|25|3l|32|3334
35 L M S 1J2 3 9/71 |s| T
Controls | Remedies Size Status Date ' |
NAME: New Zealand Clear, Air Society, Inc. ACRONYM:
See
a'so
ADDRESS:
P.O. Box 2363
Cliristchurch , New Zeland
Tel.: -
AFFIL:
Christchurch branch of the
New Zealand Clean Air Society, Inc.
Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
D. W. King
Function
Hon. Secretary
AP aims and actions:
Public awareness program; conducts local
meetings, lectures and publications.
Comments:
' Affiliated with National
i Society for Clean Air of
I Great Britain (CB-101).
NZ _
Country
:i)68'sOCiA|Xlci/Eifyfoi|o2J03l04:05!l1l1213!l4|l5|21j22|23i24!25|3l|32J33l34|35 L|M|S| 1 2J3! ! I S'l T
i-_. . .. ,—\[. i. ..\f I I/ | i I i I ..-i—I. j J -.). -.1 .—.- 1 i —I—1--J—I L -J—L-- -J—I i 1—1—
No. \ Typej hunctions Sources i Effects Controls | Remedies Size \ Status | Date | ' | .
NAME: Clean Air Society of Australia and Now Zealand (N.Z. Branrh)
ADDRESS:
• • I
P.0.( Box 2225
Auckland, N.Z.
Te.,| ; ;__ ____:
AFFIL:
Clejan Aii' Society of Australia
and Ni.'W Zealand (AUS 030)
ACRONYM.
See
also
_Title
Mr.
PERSONNEL
A. W. Skam
Function
Secretary
AP aims and'actions:
To conserve clean air in Australia and New Zealand.
To promote liaison in technical matters between
the two countries.
^Comments:
; Parent society publishes technical
' reports, affiliated with Air-
! Pollution Control Ass'n (U.S.).
569
-------
NZ |009 ]SOC A| ^1 c
DJE/(/j02|^|o4^i/]1213yil5i/J22prf|24253l|32[3^34
KLMl/lll/la/y^l ST
Country ! No. [Type Functions j Sources | Effects 1 Controls Remedies Size | Status Data ]
NAME: Environmental
Defence Society Inc. | ACRONYM: EDS
| See
1 also
ADDRESS:
P. 0. Box 8
Auckland, New Zealand
Tel :
AFFIL:
Title
Sir
PERSONNEL
I. Cowper
Guy Powles
Function
Secretary
Patron
AP aims and actions : '
Preservation, restoration and rational use of
the environment.
Application of existing laws .and development of new
legislation for environmental protection.
Comments:
(Sir Guy Powles is Ombudsman
in N.Z.)
• ' NZ b 10 :ACD j/l/1 c °j E [ F ioiJMjcojwjps 1 1
12|l3ll4|l5
: Country No. ,Typej. Functions . ! Sources : Effects
21J2223|24l25J31 132|33[34
35 L M S 1J2 3 8/71 |s]r
Controls | Remedies Size Status Date j
NAME: University of Auckland ACRONYM:
See
Atmospheric Physics Research Laboratory a'so
ADDRESS:
Private Bag,
-Auckland, 1, New Zealand
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
R. J. Clegg
Spedding
Function
Senior Lecturer
Senior Lecturer
AP aims and actions:
Air pollution research; includes geophysics,
measuring electrical effects in the atmosphere.
Comments:
570
-------
N2. JO 11 ! A_S5/i/M°
Country j No. ]Type] Functior
JJF 01 io2Jp3j04J05ll1 12M3J14 15|2l[22J£3j24[25 3^J32J33 34J35JL ML5J ^ 2 M4/71 |s| T
is | Sources : Effects Controls Remedies ] Sue (Status ] Date |
NAME: University of Canterbury Dept c
ADDRESS:
Christchurch 1, New Zealand
Tel..
AFFIL:
£_£he.rnic.
Title
Prof.
Dr.
Dr.
al Eneineerinc ACRONYM:
See
also
PERSONNEL
A.M. Kennedy
J.B. Stott
J. Pcct
Function .
Head of Department
Senior Lecturer
Senior Lecturer |
1
AP aims and actions : Comments :
Development of activated carbon processes lor [
absorpL i on of SO., from flue gases. Development '
of cyclone burner in which ash is collected as slag ,
and gases arc fed to gas turbines. ]
Physics Department conduces surveys oi upper atmosphere '
circulation and ozone concent ratLons.
571
-------
NIC - 1
Tan 71
NICARAGUA
RACKGROUND
Nicaragua is an agricultural country, with significant annual cotton
and coffee crops, as well as interests in cattle, both as livestock and
slaughtered. Mining is next in importance, and in recent years the fishing
industry has developed to the point where it now ranks among the top five
trnde products of the country.
With the advent of the Central American Common Market, established a
few years ago, an effort to industrialize has been planned. As a result,
the consumption of electric energy (at industrial rates) more than doubled
from 1966 to 1969.
Most commercial activities are based on the Pacific Ocean side of
Nicaragua, with few industries of any type on the East Coast. The heart
of the country is Managua, where 300,000 people or about 20 percent of the
entire population of the nation live in the capital city area of 53 square
kilometers. Most of the industry is located there, along with about 40,000
motor vehicles of all types. From the standpoint of volume of emissions,
therefore, Managua is the principal place where the effects of air pollution
would be expected to occur in the country.
At present there is no legislation specifically controlling the amount
of pollution permitted in the air in Nicaragua, and spot tests in the vicinity
of industrial plants have indicated negligible values. The current general
regulations, enforced on special occasions, are concerned only with public
nuisances such as offensive odors, dispersal of cotton dust in the air, or
diesel fumes from unmodified exhausts of motor vehicles.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANIZATIONS
Investigations of air pollution problems are conducted by the Ministry
of Public Health through its Division for Environmental Health. A general NIC-01
Preceding page blank
573
-------
NIC -.2
Jan 71
code, now being drafted, may establish minimum standards for food quality
and for levels of water and air pollution.
•
The Office of City Planning has considered air pollution effects in NIC-02
the establishment of zoning regulations for residential areas, light
industry (for clean processes), and heavy industry, built away from the
residential districts. This bureau was responsible for prohibiting the
dusting of insecticides from airplanes over farms near the Managua peri-
meter and also succeeded in removing the airfield where these planes were
based, which was within city limits, thus doing away with a type of
obnoxious odor.
TRENDS
The new legislation on environmental health, now being drafted, is
expected to cover air pollution control, but primarily to emphasize other
forms of pollution, such as that of rivers and lakes. The Managua City
Planning Board will be concerned with the location of a projected major
expansion of the ENALUF power plant there, considering the balance between
increased pollution blown over the city from this source and the economic
aspects of more effective controls or as an alternative, relocation of the
new plant.
The subject of air pollution receives relatively little public attention
in Nicaragua. The news media usually relate their reports of air pollution
problems to other locations, especially to heavily industrialized cities,
encouraging the idea that this type of condition is unlikely to occur locally.
574
-------
NIC • loOl|GOVJA|B[/|OJ€JF|^J^04|o6|/|l2|u|l4|l6|/]22|23|24263l[^M
35[/|M S
Country | No. |lypo| Functions { Source* Effects { Controls Remedies ] Size
' 21X| 1/11/71 |s| T
Status 1 Date j \
NAME: Ministry of Public Health ACRONYM:
/ See
Ministerio de Salud Publica also
ADDRESS:
Managua, Nicaragua
Tel. :'
/:rFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Ale j and o Jerez
Function
Chief of Environmental
Health
AP aims and actions:
Administers present laws against public nuisances,
to guard against general environment contamination.
Comments:
NIC ',002 jMUN
Country . No Type
Functions | Sources J
12|y|^]l5]21J22J23 24J25J3l|32 33j34|35j L^S 1 2J/1/11/71 iS|T
Effects Controls | Remedies J Size Status Date j (
NAME: City Plannlno BurMll ACRONYM.
Oficina
ADDRESS:
Managua,
Tel. :
Nacional de Urbanismo also
Nicaragua
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
Roberto Sanson
Function
Chief of Planning Office
AP aims and actions:
Responsible for zoning scheme to separate
industrial from residential areas.
Comments:
575
-------
N - 1.. ,.
Apr 71
NORWAY
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
.Geography
Norway is a long, thin, mountainous country with a small population
(approximately A million), settled in a relatively few towns separated by
long stretches of sparsely populated forest land or mountains. The prin-
cipal towns are Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger, and Kristiansand.
Industrial activity is, like the majority of the population, concen-
trated around the Oslo Fjord: wood pulp and paper around Sarpsborg and
Drammen, cement manufacture near Oslo and Skien, metallurgical facilities
at Skien and Kristiansand, chemical fertilizer production at Porsgrunn,
and oil refining at Slagen. On the long deeply indented west coast, there
are a few large towns, some with industrial plants, such as an extensive
iron works at Mo and oil refining at Stavanger. There is also considerable
fish oil. industry, witli a characteristic odor problem.
Much of the power generated in Norway is hydroelectric. Coal mined in
Spitzberpi'en supplies the iron works at Mo, but oil provides most of the
fuel used for industry and for space heating, both commercial and domestic.
Political Features
Public pressure for clean air is very marked in Norway. Air quality
conservation is the subject of frequent comment in the newspapers and
elsewhere, as reflected by the activities of political parties and the
government. Much argument centers on the problems of economic feasibility.
Air pollution control activities in Norway are relatively recent.
The R^ykskaderadet (Smoke Control Council) was set up in 1961 to define air N.005'
pollution limitations in the operating licenses of new industrial plant.
Dr. Lindberg initiated a number of air quality measurements in the Oslo
area in 1956, but public concern was not aroused until his reports, pub-
lished" in 1967-68, indicated a correlation between sulfur dioxide concen-
trations and excess mortality, a correlation widely interpreted as causal.
Preceding page blank 577
-------
N - 2
Apr 71
In 1967, the Ministry of Industry established an Air Conservation
Committee (Luftforensningsutvalget) to review matters related to air N.001
pollution and to recommend appropriate administrative and control measures.
Concurrently, the Norges Teknisk Naturvitenskapelige Forskningsr&d (NTNF— N.009
Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) proposed
the formation of a new national institute for air pollution (NILU—Norsk
Institutt for Luftforskring), which came into being in 1969.
The effects of the initiatives in environmental conservation in
Sweden, the United States, and Germany are apparent in Norway. Many
official and industrial bodies have established appropriate groups specif-
ically to deal with air pollution matters. An attitude of cooperation
between the authorities and industry is evident and, in this small pop-
ulation, experts are often well acquainted.
Present Controls
The Sundhetsloven (Health Law) of 1860 provides a general basis for
air pollution controls. It allows for action against emissions proved
to be a danger to public health, but is therefore more effective after
the event than in prevention. This law is administered by the local
health council (Helserad)in each of the 450 Kommune (municipal area, i.e.,
town and surrounding country) throughout Norway.
Under the Bygningsloven (Building Law) of June 18, 1965, the Bygnings
Myndigheter (Building Authorities) of the local councils are required to
consider health aspects of air pollution when preparing building and zoning
proposals for large or small areas. They are also required to take any
special pollution problems into consideration when granting buildings
licenses for new industrial plants.
At present, the Granueloven (Neighbor Law) of June 16, 1961, contains
the principal provisions in Norway for the control of air pollution in terms
of the protection of private health and property. Under this law, each new
industrial enterprise (i,e, constructed since 1962) is required to have from
the Smoke Control Council (R^ykskaderidet) an operating license, defining
578
-------
stack heights, maximum emissions, and so on—but the law is not retro-
active and it does not apply to works existing before the law was enacted.
The principal provisions and modus operandi of the Granneloven as it
affects" air pollution are described in Appendix A.
Thus, local authorities control pollution incidents under the
Sundhetsloven as regards public health or under the Granneloven as regards
private health or property. Potential pollution from new installations
is regulated through operating licenses obtained from the local Bygnings
Myndigheter, the local Helserad and the central Rtfykskaderadet. Exchange
of views and the recognized expertise of the last of these bodies avoid
conflict of requirements imposed.
Operating requirements are defined essentially on the basis of the
experience of the officials concerned, especially in the Rtfyksdadertdet.
Each case is assessed on its merits; there are no national criteria or
standards. Requirements are defined in terms of the type of equipment,
not ground level concentrations. Licenses can be updated as new technology
and control feasibility develop but within a framework of what is reason-
able and economically possible in that branch of industry. A pragmatic
and rather informal approach to controls is characteristic in Norway.
The Vegtrafikloven (Road Traffic Act) of June 18, 1965, provides for
the prevention of smoke emissions from vehicles of all types. The limits
are not very stringent (max 70 Hartridge: 5.5 Bosch), and surveillance is
not strict.
More recently, on June 19, 1970, following the first report of the. N.001
Luftforurensningsutvalg (Air Conservation Committee), a framework law was
enacted, enabling local authorities to propose limits on emissions from
oil fuels. In accordance with this law, Oslo Municipality introduced, on
November 1, 1970, a local regulation requiring installations consuming less
than 700 tons per year of oil fuel, as well as all municipal and government
installations, to use fuels containing less than 0.8 percent sulfur and no
residuum. For all other installations, the maximum is 2.5 percent sulfur.
579
-------
N -.4
Apr 71
In the 1971 National Budget, a tax on mineral oils was introduced.
Besides increasing state revenue, the tax is to penalize sulfur content
in order to reduce air pollution; each 0.5 percent increment of sulfur
content over 0.5 percent adds a further tax of 0.2 ^re per liter.
Trends
Because the whole field of air pollution is still being reviewed by
Luftforensningsutvalget (the Air Conservation Committee), further pro- N.001
posals can be expected. The idea of a central ministry for all environ-
mental affairs (Miljrfverndepartementet) is being considered.
, *
Action can be expected on the second proposal of the Luftforurensnings-
utvalg that older plants shall also be licensed by the R«Jykskadertdet
(Smoke Control Council). N.005
Other towns may follow Oslo's lead in placing limits on the sulfur-con-
tent of oil fuel. Drammen has made such proposals to Industridepartementet
(Ministry of Industry).
There is a possibility that the ECE model regulations on vehicle
emissions may be adopted in Norway. This possibility would be strengthened
if Norway joins the European Economic Community.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
Luftforurensningsutvalget (The Air Conservation Committee) was set up N.001
by the Industridepartementet (Ministry of Industry) in 1967 to review the
whole field of air pollution in Norway. It is required not only to make
proposals for the reshaping of the control structure but also to recommend
such regulations or changes in the law as may be appropriate. The first
report of this Committee was presented on April 26, 1969. It proposed a
framework law to give local authorities powers to restrict the use of—
or otherwise control the emissions from—oil fuels. This law has been
enacted. The second report, of January 8, 1970, proposed that the older
industrial plants should be brought under the licensing controls of the
580
-------
N - 5
Apr 71
R^ykskaderSdet; action is still pending. N.005
The Rtfykskaderadet (Smoke Control Council) was established uuder the N.005
Granneloven (Neighbor Law) and, as can be seen from Appendix A, it is the
central administrative group for industrial air pollution control in Norway
at present. It is authorized to decide most of the applications for in-
dustrial operating licenses insofar as air pollution is concerned. The
Neighbor Law also provides that the Council, in addition to questions of
permits, can be given other tasks relating to the prevention of air pol-
lution; for example, it worked out and put into effect a special operational
control system for Norwegian aluminum plants. The R^ykskaderadet has six
members, representing the legal profession and the interests of health,
agriculture and industry.
The Helsedirektorat (Health Directorate) of the Ministry of Municipal N.002
Affairs and Labor is responsible for national policy on the health aspects
of air pollution and advises the Helserad (Health Board) in each Koirahune
(local authority area) on these matters. The Helserad, whose head is
usually the district medical officer, is responsible for communal health
and is expected to become increasingly concerned with local air pollution
matters.
The Oslo Helserad (Oslo Health Board) is particularly active in air
ppllution control work. It is also unique (so far) in having an officer,
Mr. Rl Os, specifically nominated for this work. Under his initiative,
measurements of smoke and sulfur dioxide are made in the Oslo area, in
cooperation with the Oljeselskapenes Miljtfvernutvalg (Oil Companies' Environ- N.029
mental Conservation Committee).
Occupational hypiene aspects of air pollution are the responsibility
of the Yrkeshygienisk Institutt (Institute of Occupational Hygiene of Oslo N.OA1
University) and of the Statens Arbeidstilsyn (State Labor Inspectorate), N.004
which operates under the direction of the Kommunaldepartemeritet (Ministry
of Municipal Affairs and Labor). The national Helsedirektoratet and
local Helserad are alsc- affiliated with this ministry.
581
-------
N - 6
Apr 71
The most important national and international research group in
Norway is N1LU (Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning—Norwegian Institute N.010
for Air Research). Established in 1969 to undertake and coordinate work
on all aspects of air quality, this organization conducts surveys of am-
bient pollution, often in conjunction with local authorities (Kommune
and Fylke), as in the industrial area of Nedre Telemark, where local
authorities and industry have combined in a Kontrollutvalg (Control N.015
Committee). NILU also measures industrial air pollution for Rfiykskaderadet
(Smoke Control Council) to assist in licensing activities.
The NILU staff provides expert representatives for Nordforsk and for
OECD's Air Management Research Group. It is supported on a budget from X.016
NTNF (Norges Teknisk Naturvidenskapelige ForskningsrSdet—Royal Norwegian X.005
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research), which has now passed its N.009
responsibilities for air quality conservation to NILU.
In the field of abatement technology, the Gassrensegruppe (Gas N.012
Purifying Group) is predominant in Norway. This group of about seven
engineers, located at the Norges Tekniske Hjigskole, Trondheim, studies
industrial pollution abatement methods, makes flue gas analyses, and pro-
vides an advisory service on Norwegian industry and government. It is a
part of SINTEF (Selskapet for Industriell og Teknisk Forskning;—Society
for Industrial and Technical Research), a large organization conducting
research in a wide industrial area. Financial support comes from commis-
sioned work and from NTNF, which also provides technical guidance (in N.009
contrast to NILU, which relies heavily on internal expertise). N.010
A number of professional and industrial groups have committees active
irt air pollution. Besides the Oljeselskapenes Miljtfvernutvalg (Oil
Companies' Environmental Conservation Committee), already mentioned, the
Norges Industriforbundet (Norwegian Industry Association) has both a dis- N.026-7
cussion group and a practical group for environmental conservation. Sub-
groups deal with the problems of individual industries (e.g., cement,
metallurgy, fish oil). Technical opinions concerning licensing problems
582
-------
N - 7
Apr 71
are exchanged with the RjJykskaderSdet. Den Norsk Dampkjelforening N.005
(Norwegian Steam Boiler Owners Association) has a small group to study N.028
and develop advice on boiler and burner operation to minimize pollutant
emissions. The major chemical fertilizer company, Norsk Hydro, is also N.035
very active in combatting air pollution in and around its own area at
Porsgrunn.
Dr. W. Lindberg, assistant professor at the Hygienisk Institutt, N.05Q
Oslo Universitet, has undertaken air quality measurements in correlation
with morbidity in various Norwegian towns and industrial areas since 1956.
His findings, published in 1968, provide the basis for much of the current
opinions about air pollution in Norway. He is a Norwegian representative X.002
in the work of Nordforsk and is technical adviser to the R^ykskaderadet. N.005
583
-------
u ;ooi :<",(
^-• — i-
Coiimry No. i Type'
Functions
E F 'oi!o2J03!o4]o5!l1l12h3 14ll5|3lJ22]l23i24!253l!32|3334|35 L| M\ si 1\ 2 \ 3 I ^ .71! i si /
•—i ... i i .-i —«—-j— i -i— .|—— i— ' • ...i.. . i— .1—i' .i. ._iy .1 .1 — L.—i—i'-~ —~t~^
is ! Sources F-Hects i Controls Remedies | Size [ Status Date :
NAME : LUFTPOnimENHN rNnsm'VAT,r!ET
The Air Conservation Committee
ADDRESS: OSLO
ACRONYM:
See
algo
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
,A. L. Gullastad :chairman
iHakon B/rresen secretary
•Tel::
AFFIL:
fiiJustrldepartementei.
! , (Min. of Industry).
'members listed ov^r
.
I
i
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
:i':i conr. iiii-u- whaL controls .should be r,et for older plant Set up 21 July
(:c l.'-f-.re- JM{,:::) , other pollutants (t!;an smoke), and :-'iri;!.. report (on oil firing) on
i-,:.i>,.--: the coordination between AP and other pollution. 26 April \[)i-'?.
'I'ri ..-. •nr; i. !.:•!• whether t.hp ("irarin..'!'iven .'Jif-iilld IK- improved. ."-eoornl repurt (older plant) on
To conn Idr'r what, penal ties are appropi-iti te~. ' 8 January I(j70.
To propose any other appropriate control measures. F-'inal report .expected end-l'T/l-
To reoon:-,ider the administrative organ i sntion.
• N.oni
Luftl'jrurenr.ni ii(T,ui,va 1 f'/:t
4.71
H.001.
Mf-mbers:
A. L. ''lullestac; .
.SV'jnn Landgrafl'
P'.i'ot.ein Been
PVndrik Well bye
T.-'tvil f AustJ ri
' • l.-i v S. Nodi-Ties
MI-.VII,]U| I' OI.I..-I?-
I'lr I k Thiir'rivinii M I <• I :.;i.-n
liflkon B/rr-o:-on
•hairman advocate in Kr i.st iansand
advocate:, Industri forbundet (N.019)
Tndur.tridepartementot
R^ykakaderadet (N.005)
Helsedirpktoratet (N.002) .
Kotnmunn Idopa rtemerite1.
til I .ii ( N.OiO).
Mor-nk H.vdi'i. N.n',0)
584
-------
M , . - J002
Country No.
GOV
Type
A|X|X|D|E|F joi|o2|o3|o4|o5Jy
Functions [ Sources ;
12J13J14
Effects"
15
21 22J 23
24 25
Controls
31 32J33J34J35J 1
Remedies |
NAME: - HELSEDTREKTORATJT
Health
Directorate
ADDRESS: OSLO 1,
Stortingsgaten 2.
Tel.: (01) 41.73.20
AFFIL : Sosialdepartementet
(MJn. of Social Affairs)
Title
Mr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
-->-— — H
Karl Evanp
'Fredrik Mcllbyc
i
ML?1/12
Site | Stall
.3>?°L . |sl/
s | Dato '
ACRONYM .
See
also
N.001 N.Olf'
Function
general director
national adviser for hygiene
AP aims and actions :
To study and define health hazards ol' AP, and to advise
local h'ealth councils (Kclserad).
Has advisory medical board for this purpose.
Comments:
N.002
Ilelscd i rok toratet
".70
N '.DO"1 fiOY A, B! (Zfj D; e. r Of 0203 0405 11 12i13il4J15i^|2223i24i25 31 32J33!34|35i tl M| ^j /! 2| 3^1.71
Coimtry ' { No , Type Functions Sonfr.os Effects Conlfols | nomeilius j Size j Status | Date
NAME: VF.r;mRKKTORATET
Public Hoaas Admin i 3'. rat; on
ADDRESS: OSLO 1~
Schwensensgate J.
Tel: Oslo (Ol) 46.58.40
AFFIL : Win. of Transport
(SamferdseldeparUjment^jt) ,
ACRONYM
Sue
also
Title PERSONNEL
Si v. Ing Karl 01.•••••'•
Function
d i rector
AP aims and actions: j Comments:
Deputed to recqmmend legislation on vehJcle emissions.
Developed recommendations for diesel smoke limits (but
surveillance is by traffic police and traffic inspect-
ors).
N.001
Vegdirektoratet.
585
-------An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
: .Country
j)6|3l[32J33[34|35|X| HSM2I3
[ Remedies | Size | Status
0.70
Date
NAME: NORSK INSTITUTT FOR LUFTFORSKNTNG
_ J t J
ADDRESS
Norwegian Institute for Air Research
KJELLER,
Postbox 15.
TeJ.: (02) 71.41^70
AFF1L: N T N F (N~Vo09).
Natur Ressurs Utvalget
(Natural Resources Council).
ACRONYM : N T L U
N.009
Title j PERSONNEL
[ . .
Function
Dr.
jBrynJulf Ottar
|J. Nord^i
!+ 35 P/N1
Idirector
meteorologist
Controlled by Adv;
sory Board ( see over) .
AP aims and actions:
Organised in 5 divisions to study:-
identification & measurement of all AP,
met.rnr'oloEy and dispersion,
.instrumentation for field work,
damage due to AP,
abatement measures.
-t systems analyses of effects on ecological chain.
Partly own work, partly coordination of others leading
to establishment of National Survey.
I Comments:
,
-------
M . J012 NAT A|^|c
^| E F Ol|o20304|o5|l1
12J13 14 15
Country , No. Type Functions Sources 1 Effects
N^^H^W^^IxlH5!;!2!3 9.70! is,/
Controls | Remedies | Size | Status Date | f
NAME.: GASSRENSEfiRUPPE ACRONYM :
<",as Purification f.roup a,**
ADDRESS: Norges Tekniske H^gskole,
TRONDHEIM.
Tel: 50100
AFFIl' .SINTEF (Selskapet for Indust.
og Teknisk Forskning - Soc.
for Ind-. & Tech. Research).
Title
Ir.
PERSONNEL
I. Nestfis
+ 7 P/NP.
\
Function
head
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Development and advice on industrial AP abatement tech- j Income from commissioned work and by
niques. , ^rant from NTMF (N.009). Kr.l6.?m
Development of techniques and instruments for flue gas
analyses. Part of STNTEF; large organisation -
Mensun-mentc of industrial emissions for government and wide area of ind. and tec. research
private organisations, on commission. , - tech. advice from NTNF.
N.01
Gassrenseyruppe
9.70
M
;REG A[B[ C
'
E F
Couiitry No. Type Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
.
ies | Site | Status | Date
NAME:
ADDRESS:
i
I-
Tel.:
AFFIL:
'
KONTROLLUTVALO PCR LUFTFORURENSNTNG T NEDRE -TEI-EMARK
Control Committee for AP in Lower Tclemark
SKTEN,
Holbergsgate \
Skien 21914
Title
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Siv.Ing
ACRONYM:
ffso N.010 N.035
PERSONNEL Function
J. GJ^lberg secretary.
H. Tj/Jnn
W. Lindberg
E. Thurmann Niels<
1 P / 1 NI1.
Medical Officer for area.
Oslo Univ.
n Norsk Hydro.
AP aims and actions:
Have completed 2-J> years measurements of dust, smoke and
in area.
Comments:
Local activity involving local comm-
unes and industry and R^ykskade-
radet (N.005). Some help from
NILU (N.010).
N.015 Kontrollutvalg for Luftforurensning i Nedre Telemark
9-70
588
-------
.«.. . . T)25JASMiAJXJCJDJEJF !oi!9*|9a|n|-.oct wi th with dovoloprn^nts in abatement
t.'M'l.n.,;UK;/ nnd regulations, at, home ;md abroad.
'Discussion Kroupy not undertaking
practical work.
C-irjperates with H^ykskaderadet.
Affiliate member of TUAPPA (X.02?).
Norsk Forening for Bekjempelse av Luftforurensnincer 9-70
1^319.70^ _|.S|T
tatus |Date I"1 ,•
Cou'niry' No. iTypc Functions
SourcL's
'^'lSU lX21J22.23i2425.3f
Effects i Controls | Remedies
Ml Sl
Size | Status
NAME:
Norwegian
ADDRESS:
Toi :'
NOnOFS TNDUSTnTPOiV-.KITiPT:1, Mi 7,:0VE:WirVAT/;
Industry Association's ivi.viron'l Conservation Committee
OSLO P
Drnmmehsveien 40,
P. 0. Box. 2435
ACRONYM : .
See
also N.027
Title PERSONNEL Function
H.r.Adv S. Landgrnl'f * Chairman (lawyer)
Siv.Tng A. Sverdrup : Secretary
AFFIL:
Most Norwegian industry.
* member of Luftf irensningsutvalget (N.OCl.
AP aims and actions : Comments :
To| keep .in I.-nidi with world-wid.; .Ir-ve 1 opments, research ; Discussion centre for coordination
and' am-t onion t techno] or.y iti env i ronmontal pollution. | of industry's information and views
To-' propn;;.' \r\t\rlol. ines for j ri'lnstry/autliorj ty cooperation • Sub-cttees for individual industries.
on env'.i pollution problems, including recommendations
for renponsib.i lity and finance.
to' evaluate specif.ice pollution problems for recommended .
••abatement methods.
To suggest possible research pro.ieot.a.
N.G26 Norges Industrilorbundets Milj^vernutvalg
9-70
589
-------
M 1 027 j ASM j XJ Xl c j D >=|p'!oi|n$|gd94|os ii|i2Ji3|i4|i6
Country . No. |Typej Functions \ Sources Effects
Controls ) Remedies [ Size | Status | Date |
NAME: NORfiES INDUSTRTFORBIINDETS KTLJ0VERNKONTOR ACRONYM:
Norwegian Industry Association's Environmental Conservation Office f," N.026
ADDRESS: Postbox 2593,
OSLO 2.
«
Tel.: (01) 56.43.90
AFFIL: most Norwegian industry
Title
Siv.Ing
. PERSONNEL
A. Sverdrup
+ 2 P (one each W]
Function
director
1 and AP).
AP aims and actions:
[Comments:
Technical advice and assistance for Norwegian industry j Practical partner for Milj/rfvern-
on all pollution problems, especially abatement. utvalg (N.026).
Maintains contact with technology of pollution abatement'Maintains contact with Norwegian
measure:-, developed internationally. research institutes in A & WP.
N.027 Norges [ndustriforbundets Milj^vernkontor 9.70
Country No. [Type Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
31!3333435 L M_?l 3 1 °'
Remedies [Site J Status ' Dat
' Date
NAME: NORSK DANPKJEL FOREMTNG
Norwegian Steam Boiler Owners Association
ADDRESS. Hoffsveien 1J,
OSLO 2.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
(01) 65.92.90
ACRONYM: N D F
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Siv.Tng. G. Hartmann
Siv.IngJA. Stelnegor
director
for AP
+ 1 P / 1 NP for AP.
AP aims and actions : I Comments :
Studies of steam boiler and burner control measures to ]
minimise AP. j
Measurements of ambient AP and emissions for member co's1
and others on commission I
N.028 Norsk Dampkjel Forening
9.70
590
-------
N J029 JASN JA[jlj CJ DJ Elf |01J02J03J04J05^2|13|14[^|21|22J2_3J24J25
Country . No. JTypol Functions j Sources : EHocts ; Controls
34I32J33J34J35ILJPJ SJ 1 j z)/
Remedies! Size f Status
Date
NAME: OL.TE3ELSKAFENES MTLJ0VEIMJTVALfi
Oil Companies' Environmental Conservation Committee
ADDRESS: Company address of current
chairman.
Tel. :
AFFIL : member oil companios:-
Fina Chevron Mobil Shell
Gulf Esso ' OK Texaco
Morske BrMnselol.j-' (I3P)
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title I _ PERSONNEL
A. Solli
K. KrlstUmsen
Function
i
i chairman
vice-chairman
AP aims and actions :
To keep informed on .ill environmental problems assoc-
iated with oil industry operations, nnd to recommend
appropriate remedial notions.
Cooperating with Oslo Hels-rSil (N.016) in operation of
urban pollution survey Jn Oslo.
Comments:
Ol.ieselskap-'nos Milj^vernutvalg
9-70
-------
__
Feb 71
PERU
Air pollution problems in Peru that are related to mining and metal-
lurgy occur in the upland valleys of Ilo and Tambo, as a result of cement
manufacture, and in the vicinity of La Oroya, with the emissions of sulfur
dioxide and arsenic. An additional source of complaints is the odors from
the fish industry along the coast, which includes the largest fish proces-
sing plants in the world at Chimbote and Callao. The usual problems con-
nected with urban and industrial growth also are found there. While no
specific laws or regulations regarding air pollution are in force, efforts
are being made to apply available methods of control.
Preceding page blank
593
-------
SGP - 1
Sep 71
SINGAPORE
BACKGROUND
Strategically located in the South East Asian region, Singapore
(226 square miles) consists of the Island of Singapore and some 54 small
islands within its territorial waters. Though the economy of the country
was originally based on trade and commerce, industrialization, urban pop-
ulation growth and an increase in the number of motor vehicles have, during
the past decade, brought about the attendant problems of air pollution.
Seventy-five percent of the population of over 2 million is concen-
trated within a prosperous city area of about 40 square miles. There are
276,000 motor vehicles on 1200 miles of roads (in 1970), and high traffic
density in the city causes congestion and traffic jams. Industrial activity
is located mainly in a number of industrial estates in different parts of
the country.
Surrounded on all sides by sea, Singapore's climate is essentially
equatorial, with uniformly high average daily temperature and relatively
high humidity. . Two monsoons bring rain all the year round. There are a
few temperature inversions, which are of very short duration. Chances of
general high-concentration build-up of air pollutants are low.
The country has almost no natural resources. Coal is used in minimal
quantities, and households do not require central heating. Power is
supplied by burning of fuel oil, which is the main source of sulfur dioxide
emissions. Singapore is also rapidly becoming the largest crude oil re-
fining center in South East Asia.
Present Controls
. ., Official concern about air pollution started in early 1970, when the
government initiated a campaign against smoky motor vehicles. This effort
was supported by the public and soon led to an interest in combatting
Preceding page blank 595
-------
SGP - 2
Sep 71
industrial air pollution. During this campaign, an Anti-Pollution Unit SGP-01
was established under the direct jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's
Office, to initiate national air monitoring, formulate policies and
prepare legislation on air pollution control.
Though there are no specific laws and regulations on air pollution
in Singapore at present, they are being drafted and will soon be promul-
gated. Claims of nuisance can be made by individuals under an Environ-
mental Public Health Act of 1968, and action on such claims can be taken
by the Commissioner of Public Health. Enforcement under this Act is dif-
ficult, however, because no emission limits are established.
Smoke emissions from motor vehicles are governed specifically by a
1970 amendment to the Road Traffic Act. Enforcement is strict, and during
the first year action was taken against many vehicles for emitting excessive
smoke. Similarly, under the Port Regulations, enforcement measures can be
brought into effect against ships lying in the harbors, for causing exces-
sive smoke emissions. Other sources to be controlled include steel mills,
brick works, and sawmills, which produce and burn wood wastes.
Trends
Growing public concern about air pollution is indicated by numerous
complaints, both in the newspapers and in direct statements to the government
departments. The government has a strong interest in making Singapore clean
and pollution-free and has organized a yearly national campaign on the basis of
this theme. Tax benefits are used to promote new technology and cleanliness
in new industries. Response from industry has been favorable, indicating the
social consciousness of this sector of the economy towards the community.
Government agencies for economic development, land development and
planning are also increasingly conscious of the problems of air pollution.
These agencies have started to take into consideration the air pollution
factor in formulating their policies.
596
-------
SGP - 3
Sep 71
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANIZATIONS
The newly established Anti-Pollution Unit is tiie most significant
body in Singapore's air pollution control activities, it is responsible
for national air monitoring, formulating government policies, and pre-
paring new laws and regulations. When the laws .ire passed, enforcement
;will also be by this Unit, which also advises the government to some
extent on water and sea pollution. It works closely with other govern-
ment and public organizations on all technical and policy matters involving
pollution control. These organizations and their areas of primary interest
include:
SGP-01
Planning Department:
state and city planning
Economic Development Board:
Jurong Town Corporation:
Public Utilities Board:
Port of Singapore Authority:
promotion of industrial activities
allocation and development of
industrial sites
surveys of air pollution from
power generation
sea pollution
Public Works Departmont:
water pollution in sewage treatment
Public Health Division:
Meteorological Services:
water pollution and environmental
health
meteorology in air pollution control
Registry of Vehicle.::
a.i.r pollution from motor vehicles
'Several advisory and working committees for dealing with pollution
problems have been formed. They usually consist of representatives from
government and public organizations and, SOUK-, r. imes, from private organizations
with an interest in pollution problems.
597
-------
• SGP
Country
NAME:
ADDRESS
Tel-:Qi.OQ4
AFFIL:
ooi| GO\(A|B|XlXl^lF
No. jTypej Functions
Anti-Pollution Unit
01 02|03|04|06J11
1213 14J16
Sources | Effects
21)22] 23 24253l|32| 33J 34
44M|.|/|2[3j7/71j I'lT
Controls Remedies | Size | Status Date j |
of Prime Minister's Office ACRONYM:
See
also
c/o National Development Buildi:
Maxwell Road
Singapore 2
Republic of Singapore
4
\
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Lee EK Tieng
Chua Yong Hai )
Phang Pui Yeong )
David John )
Function
Head
Senior Officers
AP aims and actions :
Surveillance and routine monitoring for
settable dust; will add CO.
smoke,
Formulate policies on all aspects of air pollution.
Prepare legislation and set up regulations.
Enforce regulations when promulgated.
Comments:
SGP ,002 |ACD
Country i No. [Type
NAME: Unlversi
Faculty
M4Av*WA*
Functions ! Sources
ty of Singapore
of Enoineerino
11
«.«ifi«4«55W,>fil-..|».|,m ,•;•
Effects | Controls j Remedies j Size Status | Date j'
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Singapore 10
Tel.: 50451
AFFIL :
Title ! PERSONNEL
Dr
Chin Kee Kean
Function
Dean of Engineering
AP aims and actions:
Conducts engineering research and private surveys
on air pollution control.
Comments:
598
-------
E - 1
Jul 71
SPAIN
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
The Iberian peninsula, shared by Spain and Portugal, is not only
itself largely mountainous but is also separated from France and the
rest of Europe by the Pyrenees mountain range. Consequently, communi-
cations there are no" easy, and, historically, Spain has tended to be
isolated from many European developments, including industrialization.
The climate varies widely from one region to another: rainy in the
north, sunny on the Mediterranean coast, and cold in the inland moun-
tainous zones. The country has a population of 33 million; the largest
citiea are Madrid (3.3 million), Barcelona (2.2 million), Valencia,
Seville, Saragossa, Bilbao, and Malaga.
Mineral resources are varied but not extensive. Metals include
copper, mercury and lead; there is some iron and coal. Oil has had to
be imported until now, but recent discoveries of oil reserves in the
Ebro River•region have raised considerable expectations. A large pro-
portion of electricity generation depends on water power.
"Although Spain has long coastlines, there are only a few important
harbors. Agriculture has for centuries been the main economic asset,
but, in the last decade, industrial development has been intensive. The
steel industry has expanded, as have shipbuilding and vehicle manufacture.
The chemical industry, including oil refining and chemical fertilizers,
has seen the largest growth, however. Tourism is also an important factor.
Political Features
The Civil Governor in every province in Spain is the highest local
authority, except for military emergencies, lie is responsible to the
Minister of the Interior (Min. de Gobernacion), and local representatives
599
-------
E - 2
Jul 71
of the other Ministers, such as Public Health, Social Assistance, and
Traffic, all report to him.
There is wide concern in Spain about air pollution, with much dis-
cussion. Newspapers of the 50 provinces regularly devote articles to
the environmental problem (air, sea, rivers, landscape); the government-
owned television network is campaigning constantly for "Keep Spain Clean."
The most dramatic interest is centered in Madrid, Barcelona and Bilbao,
all overcrowded with industries and vehicles. Attention is directed
largely against the three main sources of air pollution: vehicles, dom-
estic heating, and industry.
Present Controls
The regulations on Industrias Molestas, Insalubres, Nocivas y
Peligrosas (Nuisances, Unhealthy. Noxious and Dangerous Activities), con-
tained in the Decree of November 30, 1961, prescribe that industries
emitting fumes, dust and grit, haze, steam or gases must equip their plants
with devices to precipitate the particulate matter or to wash the steam
or gases. The Decree also defines the maximum concentration limits allowed
inside industrial works, requiring that the premises of this type of in-
dustry should be located 2 kilometers beyond the limits of a town.
The Decree of August 16, 1968, empowers Municipal Authorities to
adopt any necessary measures to avoid unpleasant, noxious, unhealthy or
dangerous effects of air pollution and provides for the punishment of
offenders. General conditions are specified and the issue of new operating
licenses requires thorough examination. In accordance with this Decree,
local municipal councils are required to establish maximum levels of noise,
dust, smoke and gases, and to ensure the. proper operation of home heating
and hot water generators, mechanically propelled vehicles and other sources
of such pollution.
The Decree of November 7, 1968, gives special attention to cement
plants, limiting the emission of dust content to 0.8 grams per cubic meter.
Under no circumstances may the total emission exceed 50 kilograms of dust
per hour for each stack of chimney.
600
-------
An ordinance to combat air pollution in the Madrid area was issued by
the Madrid Municipal Council and approved by the Ministry of the Interior
(Gobernacion) in July 1?68. It deals with industrial emissions, hot water
and home heating furnaces, and motor vehicles in that city. The office in
charge of these matters is the Madrid Servicio contra la Contaminacion
Atmosferica (Air Pollution Fighting Service), which is linked with the
Madrid Delegacion de Saneamiento y Limpieza (Hygiene and Urban Cleaning
Service).
E.010
The following limitations are in force in Madrid:
Home heating furnaces:
Smoke emissions:
particulates
capacity
Sulfur dioxide emissions:
solid fuels
liquid fuels
1.2 grams per 1000 k. cal
6 Bacharach (equivalent to
2 Rlngelmann)
0.25 percent volume maximum
0.20 percent volume maximum
Sulfur limits for fuels:
liquid fuels, industrial uses
liquid fuels, domestic uses
solid fuels
3.0 percent weight
2.6 percent weight
4.0 percent weight
(and volatile matter 15 percent maximum)
Vehicles:
diesel engines, smoke
gasoline engines, CO
64 Hartridge units, maximum
3 percent maximum at cruise
8 percent maximum at idle
In Barcelona, a Commission was established on July 23, 1967, with the
same responsibilities and authorities as that of the Madrid City Council.
601
-------
Administration
Industrial operating licenses are issued by the MinJstry »!. Industry.
subject to consultation and advice from the central Permanent Subcommittee J
for Nuisances, Unhealthy, Noxious, and Dangerous Activities. This ministry.
a subgroup of the Central Commission for Hygiene of the Ministry of the E.OOJ
Interior, also carries out periodical inspections.
In every province, there is a Comision Provincial de Servicios
Tecnicos (Provincial Commission of Technical Services) that acts through a
Comision Delegada de Saneamiento (Delegate Commission of Hygiene), which
was established by the Decree of December 26, 1968. Participating in
decisions are delegates of various ministerial departments, including the
official representatives of Health, Labor, Finance, Industry, Housing,
Public Works, Agriculture, Information, Tourism, and Traffic. This body
is presided over by the Civil Governor of the province.
In each province, any corrective measure to avoid pollution is coordin-
ated and implemented by the Municipal Council in the bigger cities, and
elsewhere by the local Diputacion, which is responsible for government
outside the cities. In this respect, Madrid is far ahead of the other
Spanish provinces by reason of its population density, number of vehicles,
and industrialized outskirts.
Finance
Industrial plants are required by law to adopt the best practicable
means to avoid the emission of grit, fumes, dust, smoke, and gases. As
the investment required for these preventive devices can increase the total
cost of installations by. between 5 and 15 percent, the Ministry of Industry
has-, to partly reduce this additional expense, established priority sectors
of production for which official credits are granted "for installation of
cleaning devices for air and water contaminants."
Trends
The government is aware that much needs to be done £or environmental
conservation. In the Third 4-Year Development Plan, beginning in 1972,
602
-------
_C_- 5
Jul 71
coordinated official action is intended. Different ministries and
municipal authorities have initiated individual actions and issued bills,
but Spain needs, and Ins under study, a National Plan for combatting
contamination of all sorts. A central and independent Department is being
considered "in order to establish medium and lonp. term strategies to fipht
against the growing consequences of progress."
Proposed Controls
In order to limit carbon-monoxide and diesel-engine smoke emissions
from vehicles, the Ministry of Industry produced a law in May 1971 to be
in force for new model cars from July 1, 1972, and for present model cars
from July 1, 1973, requiring that motor vehicles should be constructed so
that no avoidable smoke or visible vapors are emitted. In regard to this
law, Spain is consistent with other European countries. Further limitations
are expected on solid and liquid fuels for.domestic use.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
Pollution problems in Spain are coordinated at present mainly through
the Comision Central de Saneamiento (Central Commission for Hygiene), E.003
which reports to the Suhdireccion General de Poblacion y Saneamiento
(General Subdirectorate for Population and Hygiene) of the Ministry of the
Interior. This commission operates through subcommittees, one of which is
the Subcomision Tecnica de Actividades (Technical Activities Subcommittee)
(a short name for the Subcomision Permanente por Actividades Molestas, E.004
Insalubres, Nocivas y Peligrosas). Its responsibilities are:
1. To determine hygiene projects and programs for the provinces!
establishing priorities according to local circumstances or needs;
2. To dictate general regulations for the improvement of sanitary
conditions of water supply, sewage, waste, etc.;
3. To coordinate related actions of provincial technical commissions.
Investigations of industrial emissions and measures for their abatement
are the responsibility of the Comision Tecnica Asesora de Problemas de E.005
603
-------
E - b
Jul 71
Contaminacion Atmosferica de Origen Industrial (Technical Advisory Commission
on Air Pollution from Industrial Sources). This interministerial body is
presided over by the MiiiL.st.er of Industry. Members of the Commission rep-
resent many offices: navy, Health, Traffic, Safety at Work, Hygiene, Mining,
Fuel and Power, Chemical Industries, Nuclear Energy, Agriculture, Air
Meteorology, Housing, tlm 1'etroleum Monopoly (CAMPSA), and Trade Unions.
The Advisory Commission was set up in 1969 to coordinate information
on air pollution, its diffusion and dispersion, and means of avoiding or
abating it. The Commission also establishes measuring methods and techniques,
as well as permissible limits.
As the Commission makes specific studies of the problems posed, by cer-
tain industries, there are eight Working Groups in the Commission, each in,
charge of a specific group of related activities. It also has a service
group for developing methods of air sampling and analysis, working with
representatives of each of the following areas of interest as required.
1. Industries handling or burning solid fuels (coal, coke).
2. Industries handling liquid fuels (refineries, waste corabustors).
3. General transportation (vehicles, ships, planes).
4. Foundries, steel works, and industries in which metals (icon,
lead, zinc, aluminum) are melted and cast.
5. Raw materials for chemicals (soda, chlorine, sulfuric aeidOu
6. Chemical products (fertilizers, paper mills, carbon black,
Pharmaceuticals).
7. Construction (cement plants, quarries, wood sawings).
8. Electrical power stations (thermal, nuclear).
604
-------
E - 7
Jul 71
Pending the proposed establishment of a central department specifically
for conservation matters, a Comite Interministerial del Medio Ambiente E.002
(interministerial Committee for the Environment) was recently set up under
the Presidencia del Gobierno (Presidency of the Government). This committee
is developing its responsibilities, one of which is contacts with OECD. X-003-4
Surveys of vehicle emissions and methods for their control are under
the jurisdiction of the Direccion General de la Jefatura Central de Trafico E.006
(General Directorate of the Central Traffic Service). This department also
coordinates provincial and local activities in this area.
The Servicio de Sanidad Ambiental (Environmental Health Service), a E.030
branch of the Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (National School of Public Health),
was established in 1962 to serve as a training center for provincial advisors
conducting surveys of air pollution.
The central organizations already mentioned conduct their basic
activities at the local level through Comisiones Provinciales de Servicios
Tecnicos (Provincial Commissions for Technical Services) and Jefaturas
Provinciales de Sanidad (Provincial Offices of Health), and working with
them, through the Ayuntamientos (Municipal Councils), utilizing their lab-
oratories and teams of professional, technicians and advisors. Madrid and E. 0.1.0
Barcelona, which understandably have special major problems, have already
appointed Commissions for conducting studies and for planning methods of E.012
preventing air pollution. Seville and Bilbao also have similar organizations. E.011-14
-------
CH - 1
Jun 71
SWITZERLAND
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
Switzerland is a small country of 6.3 million inhabitants where a
generally mountainous terrain has profound effects both on social and
technological matters. Valley communities guard their local autonomy
but may be disporportionately affected by local emissions of air pollutants.
Industrial activity is concentrated in the flatter terrain, especially
in the north and west. Zurich is the largest and most industrialized town
• i
(population .75 million); Berne, the seat of the federal government, is
smaller (population .25 million). Other principal industrial towns are:
Basel, Geneva, Lausanne, Winterthur, Lucerne, Biel/Bienne and St. Gallen.
In the absence of significant mineral resources, Swiss industry concentrates
oh high value machinery and instruments (ranging from diesel engines to
watches) and nn chemicals (such as pharmaceutical products and synthetic
. i
textiles). In heavy industry there are important cement manufacture and
a few steel mills. Energy is mainly derived from hydroelectric power (14
percent in 1970, but fully exploited) and oil (78 percent), the latter
largely light fuel oil for space heating. Nuclear power generation (1 per-
cent in 1970, 2 percent estimate in 1971) is increasing; national policy is
that no more fossil fuel power stations will be built.
Political Features
Politically, Switzerland is a confederation (Eidgenossenschaft) of 22
Kantone/Cantons/Cantoni, each of which retains its historical autonomy
and local traditions of government, and this situation affects the national
.
The cantons are: Zllrich, Berne, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Glarus,
Ziig, Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel, Schaffhausen, Appenzell, St. Gallen,
Grisons, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchatel, Geneve.
Three languages are significant: German, French, and Italian. They
predominate respectively in the north, west, and south of the country.
Preceding page blank
-------
activity in air pollution control. The smallest political unit is the
Commune. In most cantons, a number of communes are grouped into an Amts-
beztrk (district) for administrative convenience. The public rrfiTiMidimi
plays an important part in politics; contentious federal legislative pro-
posals may be challenged and inu.-.t then be submitted to a national rc-tur-
enduni.
Present^ Controls
National
Federal initiative in coordinating control, of environmental pollution
has, until recently, been limited by the constitutional position of the
Federal government and the cantonal prerogative in legislative matters.
However, an amendment to the Constitution, to enlarge the Federal author-
ities' competence to enact legislation for environmental conservation, has
now been approved by both Chambers and by the necessary public referendum.
New laws are in preparation (see Trends, below) but have not yet been
enacted.
For the present, outside the good neighbor provisions in the Civil
Code, there are no specific air quality conservation laws. The lUmdespesetz
Uber die Arbeit in Industrie, Gewerbe und Handel (Federal Labor Law Ln
Industry and Commerce) of 1964, hoever, requires that all employers protect
the health of their workers and of the local population with every modern
means. These provisions have been used to regulate emissions from the oil
refineries constructed in Switzerland in recent years. For example, toler-
ance limits were fixed for the emission of sulfur dioxide, and the Kidgeub's- ul.OuS
siche Arbeitsinspecktorat (Federal Labor Inspectorate)1 ensures compli mre.
Proposals for new or modified plants are submitted to the local com-
mune and then to the cantonal authorities for examination in consultation
with the Arbeitsinspektorat, against Federal and Cantonal requirements.
Proposals must include reference to local nuisance potential and to storage
facilities for health-hazardous materials. Failure to conform to license
requirements can, ultimately, lead to official closure of the plant.
608
-------
CH - 3
Jun 71
The EidgenOssische Kommission fllr Lufthygiene (EKL—Federal Clean
Air Commission) has issued a Directive for the Evaluation f Sulfur Dioxide
I'mmissions, in which recommendations for seasonal maximum sulfur dioxide
vlalues, in parts per million, are given:
Summer Winter
Daily average: 0.2 0.3
Half-hour average: 0.3 0.5
These recommendations have no legal standing but are widely used by the
licensing authorities as guidelines.
Equally without legal backing, the Schweizerische Normen Vereinigung CH.010
(Swiss Standards Association) issues specifications for fuel quality that
are respected by suppliers. Reductions in the sulfur content of various
grades of oil fuels have been agreed to, taking effect in July 1971.
As repards vehicle emissions, an Ordinance of August 27, 1969, estab-
lished limits for carbon monoxide from gasoline engines and for smoke from
d[iesels, with effect from January 1970 for new vehicles and January 1971
f|or vehicles up to 5 years old. In addition, the lead content of gasoline
i's regulated by an Ordinance which also controls such matters as additives
in foodstuffs, but there are proposals to transfer all similar regulations
tp a new toxicology law (see below).
Local
In addition 'to the Federal regulations for industrial activity, a num-
ber of cantons also have ordinances for air quality conservation. Thus,
Basel can require that specific remedial measures be taken to abate a
nuisance due to dust, smoke, or smells.
Other cantons, such as St. Gallen and Valais have calculated necessary
stack heights and set sulfur dioxide limits for power plants and refineries
in their areas, requiring low-sulfur fuels to be burned during unfavorable
609
-------
CH. - 4
Jun 71
weather conditions. Generally, however, the cantons can base action for
conservation only on the need to maintain public healch.
Administration
Application of all conservation regulations has been (and for many
regulations is likely to remain) the responsibility of the appropriate
.Cantonal government, with the aid of their cantonal laboratory and of
the Federal Labor Inspectorate—who can in turn call for assistance from
the federal Arbeitsa"rztlicher Dienst (Occupational Hypiene Service). CH.004
Trends
Current Interests
General interest in environmental conservation is high in Switzerland,
a country very conscious of its tourist attractions. Press articles are
frequent, but there is apparently a broad government desire to progress
cautiously and to develop optimum action.
In a basically clean environment as found in Switzerland, attention
focuses more closely on specific aspects of pollution, notably odors,
smoke and sulfur oxides from domestic oil-fired space heating devices, the
lead and benzene content of gasoline, and noise. Some problems, especially
fluorides from an aluminum smelter and cement dust, receive particular
attention at the cantonal level. Diesel vehicle smoke, especially in road
tunnels, is of concern for its odor and effects on visibility. Water
pollution, however, is raising increasingly serious problems.
Proposed Controls
The complexity of the present distribution of responsibilities among
the Federal, Cantonal and Communal authorities was recognized as impairing
the effectiveness of environmental conservation measures. The Federal
Clean Air Commission drafted new laws that would have the effect of coordin-
ating and centralizing conservation measures. As the proposed legislation
intruded upon the historical field of Cantonal competence, however, it was
610
-------
CH - 5
Jun 71
Necessary to change the Swiss constitution, with approval by popular
Referendum.
Two new conservation laws are in preparation: an Algemeine Gesetz
, t'Ur Lufthygiene (General Law for Air Hygiene), which will protect the
general population against air pollution and noise (not expected to come
into force until 1973) and a Giftgesetz (Toxic Law), which is designed
to limit toxic materials in all products available to the general public.
The toxic law will limit, tor example, lead and benzene in motor gasoline.
Such regulations have previously been placed in the Federal Food Regula-
tions.
Lead in regular gasoline is expected to be reduced to 0.54 grains
Lead per liter (0.57 grams per liter for premium gasoline). The benzene
content is expected to be limited to between 5 and 8 percent.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
One of the significant indications of the Federal initiative in
environmental conservation is the recent establishment of a central Amt
ftlr Umweltschutz (Department for Environmental Conservation). This organ- CH.017
ization reports directly to the Chancellor of the Interior, concentrating
in one central office all activities directed against air pollution, noise,
and all other environmental problems.
With the formation of the Amt fUr Umweltschutz (Department for Environ- CH.017
mental Conservation), responsibilities among the Federal organizations pre-
viously involved in air quality conservation work could change. At present,
the most significant technical and advisory group in Switzerland is the
Eidgentissische Kommission fUr Lufthygiene/Commission Fede"rale de I'Hygie'ne CH
de 1'Air (EKL—Federal Clean Air Commission). Under the chairmanship of
Professor HHgger, this 15-man advisory commission comprises hygienists,
toxicologists and politicians. Statements of air conservation philosophy,
recommended air quality measurement techniques and standards, and a Richt-
linie (Code of Practice) for oil firing have also been issued. The EKL
611
-------
___
Jun 71
has a budget which enables practical investJgat ions to be conducted in the
laboratories of the memhc-rs.
The EidgenOssische Gesundheitsamt/Service Federal de 1"Hygiene Pub- CH.U02
lique (Federal Office of Public Health), to which the EKL is attached
administratively, has responsibility for the coordination of air conserva-
tion technology with particular regard to public health aspects and has
assisted in the development of the proposed legislation. The Office is
a part of the Department des Innern (Ministry of the. Interior), there
being no separate Ministry of Public Health.
A different Ministry, that for Economic Affairs (Volkswirtschaft-
departement) administers the existing air pollution legislation—the Labor
Law£—through the BIGA (Bundesamt fur Industrie, Gewerbe und Arbeit/Office CM.003
Federal de 1'Industrie, des Arts et Metiers, et du Travail—Federal Office
for Industry, Commerce and Labor). This is achieved through the surveil-
lance operations of the EidgenBssische Arbeitsinspektorat (Federal Labor CII.005
Inspectorate). This body, working closely with Cantonal Laboratories or Gil.011-16
Health Inspectors, has Kreise (Districts Offices) in the principal indus-
trial regions: Lausanne, Aarau, Zurich and St. Gallen. Practical air
quality measurements are, however, made by the ArbeitsHrztlicher Dienst,
on the initiative of the Inspectorate.
Dr. HtJgger, chairman of the EKL, is the director for air pollution
matters in the ArbeitsHrztlicher Dienst (Occupational Hygiene Service), CH.004
also reporting to the BIGA. This organization, originating as the medical
department of the Zurich Arbeitsinspektorat—which is, like the other
Inspectorates, responsible to BIGA—has now been detached as a separate
group within the BIGA. As such it provides a pollution surveying service
and advice on hygiene matters for all the Labor Inspectorates, always with
an emphasis on health aspects as the present law requires. In doing so,
extensive knowledge of air quality problems is acquired, which is made
available to the EKL through Dr. Htfgger.
A number of other federal organizations provide air pollution infor- CH.006
mation. Thus, the EMPA (EidgenOssische Materialprtlfungsanstalt—Federal
612
-------
CH -' 7
Jun 71
Materials Testing Station) has a wide range of referee facilities for
measuring emissions, both industrial and vehicular—and including noise.
These facilities have also been used in work on diesel smoke methods in
cooperation with 'Saurer,1 the important Swiss diesel engine manufacturer. CH.027
The Eidgendssische Meteorologische Zentralanstalt (Federal Central CH.007
Meteorological Establishment) has developed pollution dispersion formulae
which take valley -situations into account.
: The EidgenHssische Agrikulturchemische Versuchsanstalte/Stations CH.008
Fe'de'rales d'Essais Agricoles (Federal Agrochemical Research Stations),
located in various parts of Switzerland, make investigations on the
effects of certain pollutants on crops, and the Eidgendssische Anstalt
ftir das Forstliche Versuchswesen (Federal Forestry Research Establishment) CH.009
undertakes some similar work on coniferous trees.
The Schweizerische Normen Vereinigung (SNV—Swiss Standards Associa- CH.010
tion), with its working group for petroleum products, issues product spec-
ifications, which include such limitations as fuel sulfur maxima. Though
having no legal force at the present time, there is a possibility that
some standards, for instance the fuel sulfur maxima, may become mandatory
under the new Clean Air Law.
As air pollution resulcs from only a small number of industries, there
is no air quality conservation activity by the Schweizerischer Handels und
Industrie Verein (Swiss Trade and Industry Association), to which most Swiss
industries and other trade associations belong. Such activity is, however,
shown by the Verein Schweizerischer Zement-, Kalk- und Gips-Fabrikanten
(Association of Swiss Cement, Lime and Plaster Manufacturers) who have set CH.O
up a technical station at Holderbank to deal with abatement problems in
member companies' plant.
The oil industry is also active. The Schweizerische Erddl Vereinigung CH.022
(EV—Swiss Petroleum Association); has a group for the coordination of policy
and for discussion with federal; and cantonal authorities. It has also recently
61.3
-------
Cii o
initiated the formation of a potentially important group, the VFU'L Ch.O'-'J
(Verein zur Ftirderung der Wasser- und Lufthygiene/Association pour la
Sauvegarde de 1'Hygiene de 1'Eau et de I1Air—Association for the Con-
servation of Water and Air Cleanliness). This body, supported by a wide
range of industries including the federal railways, intends to provide
an impartial supervisory service (comparable with that of the German
TUV's) supported by the commissioned work. The first activity is in Lt.020
water quality protection (tank inspection, and so on), but it is pro-
posed to extend this later to air conservation.
Schweizerische Aluminium AG ('Alusuisse') have in recent years CII.024
undertaken studies of the abatement of fluoride emissions. (A popular
pressure proup, now in abeyance, also arose in this connection: Inter-
parlamentalische Arbeitsgruppe betreff FluorschHden im Fricktal.)
Other individual companies also deal with local problems around
their works.
In the academic world, air pollution activity is almost wholly to
be found at the EidgenBssische Technische Hochschule (ETH—Federal Tech-
nical University) at Zlirich, the only federal institution of higher
education. Here, the Xechnisch-Chemisches Institut (Industrial Chemistry
Institute) and the Institut fUr Hygiene und Arbeitsphysiolopie (Institute CII.031
of Hygiene and Work Physiology) are both undertaking investigations into CII. 032
aspects of air quality.
The Schweizerische Vereinigung flir Gesundheitstechnik (Swiss Associ- CII. 040
at ion for Health Technology) provides a useful forum for the exchange of
technical information, especially among Cantonal authorities. Though
many of its discussions relate to water pollution, test method standardi-
zation is an important air quality activity.
A recently formed private society that could become significant is CII.042
the Schweizerische Gesellschaft fUr Umweltschutz (Swiss Society for the
Protection of the Environment). Under the chairmanship of Professor
614
-------
Cll - 9
Jan 71
Dr. med. SchMr of the Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine at
ZUrich University, its founder, membership includes about 150 members
of both Chambers of Parliament.
615
-------
IA01 iMAT
Country No Type
C OLI E'F 01 02;0304;05 V<
, i , ; __ ^_
Sources
I I J
Functions
* .]
?4;22!23 24'25 31 32 33 34 35, i M s!/ 2
Effects
L -—^- * - + r T **
Controls Remedies j Sue i Status ^ Date *
^ -
NAME
ETDCENOSSTSCHE KOMMFUSION Flft UJFTHYGTEME
COMMISSION FEDFRALE DP! T 'HY-ITEMF: DE L'ATR
Federal Clean Air Commission
ADDRESS
Pollw..rk 27
3011 BERN
Tel :
AFFIL
Dcpar'tement des Tnn> rn,
f Min of Inter!orO .
ACRONYM
C e
aiso
--1 ni
Title
PERSONNEL
Dr, D.
B.
IIu;
Function
'
i rrrvj r i *..••- ^
f • tar,
Fo
r- ' p
AP aims and actions:
To adviis' /Tov> rnrm.rit i r> mnM-'r i
and to mak< proposals for- cor* T
o'^andardisa L i on o/T eijuipmt. nt af d t
I'rt-parat. ; on .>f f Ri cht 1 ; r.ivf f
^r1 rec jmrrnMida t1 '-ns
n i rs coru.L rva t ; or-
^ and limits.
ctini'i«- .s
Practice) and
Comments
w> r\
I M;I I
. t
CO-
i r own laLs
b
r. -
s* *•_,-
\t .
H<70)
;:: i :JG
Kf -mmi .7:; i >r
(X)* 00V f( B C D f f 0102030405 Ml2l3.14l5i^1 2223, ?4 25 31 32!33!34 35 L M ? / 2,3
Country No Type Functions
Sources
EHrcts
Controls
Remedies | Size Status Date
NAME
BUNDESAMT FOT Tl^UST^'F, OFWERRF TIND
OKFTCI-: FEDKRAL DK :.',]. P., iJi--" A!-T:) bT
Federal (Jlfice for lrtdur$i.ry, Commerce and
!•'.
TlvAVAlL
ADDRESS
Bundespasse 8,
BtRM.
Tel :
AFFIL
VolkswlrtschaftdepartemenL
(Min. of Economics).
ACRONYM
See
also
Title
Dr.
Dr.
llr.
PERSONNEL
H .
\ iii S U .
F. , '
Function
<\ 1 rect or
d»-puty d '. r-'-c' ?
vice-director1
I
AP aims and actions:
Coordination of work of Arbeits&r-tlicher Dienst (Occup
atlonal Hygiene Service - CH.OO^) and of Eidgenbssis-
che Arbeitsinspektorate (Federal labour Inspectorate
- CH.005).
Responsible for application of labour Laws (including
their environmental aspects''.
Measurements of aerosol particuiat^s in and around ind-
ustr i a 1 r r%t Pl' :i*?>" •
Comments
CH. 00.'
iM;nJc-3a.Tt !l': ":.tlurtr:e, Gewerbo •«:..: «r:-.:t (El,A
616
-------
!tt i OOr>|fiOV[A[Bj_CJpj PJF JOI 02|q!
Country 1 No. JType| Functions [ Souri
Effects
26 31 3
Controls
Remedies
Size Status Date
NAME- FTDfiKNOSSTSCHE AnnFTTSTNSPRKTORAT
r>FTwrr:F. FEDKRAT, nF. T,'TNr>?F.moN ni
Fi^li.'ral Labour Tn.-.p'-c-l.ofal,''
ADDRESS:
FOM|. DigLricts.
OVer
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Dmidf-aamt fUr Iridur, l.rie. .
Office Federal do 1 'Indus' r i .
(CH.003)
ACRONYM:
Title PERSONNEL
—-]• " —
i see over
Function
AP aims and actions :
Tnsp'-etion .if wnrkinp; cnmj i i.i ons, i nr-lud i np; hyp i cue;
work ii.i' wil.h riatr.onal Tnapi •'.- i.tirs ntul al::i)
Arbe i t.cSr:-,!. 1 i chr r DiuiisL (Occup. Il.vp:. o-T-vici-
CH.004).
i Comments:
i
U.",ual origin of requests to
ArbeitsSrztlicher Dienst for
survey of AP in or around works.
OH.005 Eidgenossische Arbeltsiuspektorat
8. -
'*":.005 EidgrnHisni.'-^he Arbeitsinspeoktorai.
Ki-.-ls (District) Address
7 :>1 1'etit Ch^ne. 1003 LAUSANNE
I !
I I I
TV
Itahnhofstrasse 78. 5001 AARAU
Utoquai 37. 8008 -/ttRICH
Nenpasse X>, 9001 ST. GALLEN
Director
Ph. de Weisse
K. Staubli
E. Bitterli
H. Milt
617
-------
Country , No. j Type] Func
fA\ E' F . pliO^'OSlpAiO!) 1l! 12 13 14}l5i 211 ^ ?3I24|?D 31l:i.2J33!Mi13l.i| /
tions 1 ijinir<;es tllccis [ Controls Humnlti-:; j
NAME: ETDOFNOGSISCHE MATFnTALPRIlFIWflG UNO VKnSIJC'lKAririTMLT
Federal Materials Testing and Experimental Station
ADDRESS: Ueberlandstrasse 129,
860;' DtiBENUORF C-'.Cir i oh) .
Te|.. (051) 85-8101
AFFIL:
M si <"! y 31 ••'..'•! :; •'
i i i .
Si/e ] otatu: j Dulu |
AC'RONYM : E H ' A
^ Cll.OUl, 'V7
Title i PERSONNEL Function
Prof. l.-ihri-siTiann director
Dr. W. Jutzi .Air
llr. Ixiub'. r iAco
Dr. ]K. bauhr. i ::er 'Eng
Dr. Gartenrnann , Fue
Dr. H. Preis •
About 10 r./NP on /\ P.
1-I.W, i ' '•(- Drti'L.
ust i i-s I.if.-pt .
nt- 'Ti'SLS Di'pt..
Is Dept.
AP aims and actions . Comments :
Undcrtak'-o measiii'ements of i-»:i .s.s i ons of nil kinds at re-
quest of EK1, (CM.001) ur of lonal or feilp-ral. administ-
rations. Official referoe.
Work i rip; on ni'.'thods for continuous smoke and particle
size analysis. Have c-'V.-i luated (with Saurer i;il.0?7)
smoke emissionr. .Vrorn dj.esel vehiolc-s using varlo'.is
test eyclos: proporied omiKSl onn lirnlt.s.
Ts measuring dust o&ncer'itrvit.i ons in 'i-nckrround ' rn---ar.
Of 'C\\, and Ph. in 7,tW'j ell :;i r>::-~. i.s (:;,.-. ;-.]:-.niE A^^TALT
p..-<
<-ra
}-'.3 tn h ] L -i
fi'/OJj BTRMENSDORi'
hiri'-nl.
f/.iirl
FiTR DA." ponnr
fo:- I-'ot-esti-y H
,h).
Title
Ur
:!)(•
i.- sea
22.23j24:25
Controls
" VERStJC
iv h
31 32
33i34!35j L
lytUnl/h , 7.7.1; s T
Romedies j Si/u j Status ; Dote
T.;WF
^raj
ACRONYM F A P *T
See
also
PERSONNEL Function
(,'
T
1,. GSl,a
i. Kolle
•• i
1
. d i rec-'.or
}/f. AT work
Tel..
AFFIL.
(051) 1/5.M.] I
Df-pai'Ltjinent dor, Inrifc-rn
(Ministry of Tntc'i'lor).
AP aims and actions :
L'jtposur-o studi'.'S of ttie c-
forest tree physirilogy.
of Ai' (SO,. F I'b t-tu:
: Comments :
:TI ; I-;/. panded pr-o^r-amme plarnif
i I)]-. Keller is a rneinlx.-!- jl
'fril.OOl ) .
•Cli.OO'.i
Ki.-V,oi (isE LSI-lit i'if.:;Lal i. flir das For-atlii.-
618
-------
CH |017
Country | No.
Type Functions
o2i°3Hosiiil12 13 14[
Sources , EHects
Controls
Remedies
A H s\ A A
Size
Status
6.71
Date
•I/.
NAME: AMT FflR UMWELTSCHIJT7
Department for Environmental Conservation
ADDRESS: Departement des Innern,
BERN.
Tel:
AFFIL:
Kanr.eller des Innern
(Minister of the Interior).
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title | PERSONNEJ^
Herr IF. Baldinger
I
Function
jdirector
I
AP aims and actions: Comments:
Coordination of all aspects of environmental conservat- jEstablished iy?l. Role still devel-
ion: water, air, noise, vibration, landscape, etc. oping.
CH.01? Amt ftlr Umweltschutz
6,71
Country . No. Type1 Functions
| clfll EJf 0/02|03:04J05lll|l2!l3|l4[l5!21J2l|23|24|25|3l'32[33|34J35
Sources
EHects
^
Controls
Remedies I Size (Status , Date
NAME:
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:
VERETN ZUR FORDERUNO DER WASSER- UMD LUFTHYOTENE
ASS'N POUR LA SAUVECARDK DE L'HYfilENE DE L'EAU K!1 DE L'AIR
Association for the Consrrvation of Water and Air Cleanness
Militarstrasse 24,
8004 ZURICH.
(051) 39.51.70
Supported by a wide range of
industries (see text).
ACRONYM: V F W L
See
also
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
St'rat. W. Jauslln
Herr
Dr.
W. Kunz
JTh. Suter
I
jpresident
vice-president
head of Inspectorate *
I
Comments:
Established 1969.
Secretarial ass-
AP aims and actions:
To-provide an impartial inspection and emission survey
service for Swiss Industry (compare with German TflV's)' istance and office accommodation
and to advise on abatement measures. ' at present from EV (CH.022).
:Main effort in WP at present; some AP
* Inspectorate at:-
Heinrichstrasse 147,
8005 ZURICH.
1 . (tel: (051)44.61.26)
CH.021-- Verein zur Forderung der Wasser- und Lufthygiene (VFWL)
8.71
619
-------
CM i 0??' ASN' A| tfj C D| E!
__ __ L ____ .„ ..... „. ,__!.. j ____ i. ^1
Country' i No. Typei Functions
Sources
:3J 2*| ?5; 3^: :r>j 33 24 35.' L| M! ff\ 11 /j ": i •- . 7-,
EHacts ! Controls | Remedies | Size [ Sialur- ! Date '
S1 /
NAME: SCHWET7,ERTSCini ETlDC)T,-VERFTNTr,ij;G
Swlns Petroleum Aasocla*.i ;>P.
ADDRESS: Mi li tHrstrasse
8004 ZURICH.
ACRONYM :
Title
PERSONNEL
function
Herr ' W. Kun7.
Dr.. Ui. Stuck,v
: oVi;.' irii;-j-i (It-.vr. term)
,s<-iir«5t.."iiiv
Tel.: (°51) 27.07.70
AFFIL:
I 1
I
j
i
AP aims and actions:
To develop oil industry views for discussions with
government and others, and for comments on pending
regulations.
| Comments :
I Undertakes no practical work
(but see VI'WL CII.O::i).
CH.022
Schwivi?.&rlscne
b.
CH 023 ' ASM ' A| fS\ c
CoOiltry-
NAME:
^|E,^:oi:02i 03,9*1 05: 11
No. [Typej.. Functions ' Sources
12|l3|l4|l5J21J24:23
24J25
EHects ' Controls j
Remedies ( Siz«
VEREIN SCHWETZERTSniER ZRMENT-&c-FABRTKANTI!^
Association of Swiss Cement, Lime and Plaster Mar
ufacturers.
1!/|3
Status 1
Date ' i
ACRONYM.
See
also
ADDRESS: Talstrasse 8j,,
8004 ZtjRICH.
Tel.: ._
"AFFIL?
(051) 23.55.12
Title
Dr.
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Function
W. Thut chairman
K. Eichenberger '• secretary
AP aims and actions :
Selection of measuring methods and equipment for
assessing dust emissions and for ensuring compliance
with standards.
Advice on abatement problems.
Comments:
Has Emissions Inspectorate
(Tecfrrn schr-ati: I. l.t~- Ho>derbanK)
to carry out aims and actions.
UH.Oi;.} Verein Schwej Lvvrischer Zbr.ent &-.-Fabrikani.en
620
-------
CH 025 TNDiA B c|^|E|fXoi|o2Jr^|o4|o5Jii
Country j No. Type Functions Sources j
NAME: CTBA-CETOY AG
ADDRESS: Klybeckstrasse 141,
4000 BASEL.
Tel: (061)32.50.11
AFFIL:
12J13jl4J15
Effects
Title
Dr.
Dr.
21 2223 24J25 31 132|^|34
Controls Remedies
PERSONNEL
Bretscher
F. Maritz
Q^ 1 ! lull C 1 1 I Vl & *?} \ t C J y
3£ L|f/l| S 1 2\f 0.71 S| f
\ Size Status | Date | (
ACRONYM
See
also
Function
AP aims and actions :
Control of AP from organic chemical works.
Studies of the efficiency of dust arresters.
! Comments:
Large group of pharmaceutical and
fine chemical manufacturers.
Have works in several places in
• Switzerland.
CH
CH.025 Ciba-Geifiy AC!
8. 71
Country No |Type> Functions
Suurci's
Effects
. .-
Controls
S; T
Remedies
[ Status | Date
NAME: ETOOFNOSSTSCllE T/ll, Teohnisch-Cliemisches Tnstlvnt
Podoral 'Tech. Univ., 'nst. of Industrial ChernisLf.v
ADDRESS: UniversltMtstrasse 6,
8006 ZURICH.
Tel.: (0^1) 32.62.11
AFFIL : Departement des Trinern
(Min. of Interior).
ACRONYM : E T H
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Dr.Ing. B. Bohlen
8 P/NP
Function
AP aims and actions :
Comments:
Development of methods and techniques for measuring ' Dr. Bohlen is a member of EKL (seo
•particulates and other pollutants. ! CM.001).
Research into abatement processes, esp. for dust capture1.
CH.OJl ETH, Technicch-Chemisches Instltut
6.71
621
-------
fM iMOjASt! A
Country . No Type
^1 Cl Dj'E|p''.Ol'l02j03!wio5'll|l2'l3ll4 15
Functions j Sources Effects
21i^23'24i25 3l!32|33J3'.
Controls Remedies
NAME:' SCIIWETZERTSCHE VERETNTGUNG Film GESUNDHETTSTECHNTK
owiss Association for Health Technology
ADDRESS: Postfach 505,
8035 ZURICH.
Tel:
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
Herr ;W. Hess
Herr
Herr1
W. Schmidt '
J. Schneider !
J5 f W S; 1 f\ 1\ -5.711 1 S T
Sue | Status i Date , <
ACRONYM: S V Cl
Set!
also
Function
pr<-:: IdcnL
v i (;"-prv::Jd<.-nt
secfet.acy
AP aims and actions : • Comments :
i
Dissemination of technical information on air and water ''rive divisions, one for AP and MOJG
pollution, esp. coordination of standard methods of
measurement In municipal Ir.bs.
Arranges conforences.
technical repoi'Ls, and own monthly .journal:
oitstechnik'.
Mostly concer'ned wiLli Wf.
Member of IUAFPA ('A.OZ'f.-) .
Hi.'mber'ohit> from industries, technical
experts, and individuals.
CM.040 Schwtjii>:r-isehe Verelnicung I'tir Gesum.it!.. i t.stuchnik (3VG) 3>-Yl
•Q'»l SCX": AJBiC|D:E rX 01 02'0304.Q6'l1!12'l3ll/<|l5,21|2223l24i25,31 3?l33!34l35| u'fyl! sl l! ZlX'S.?! S T
i i 1 i i . ! i^_, ..'!:!„.. i : , .' ! i : r_i
Country No ,Type Functions Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies | Size (Status .Date
NAME: SCIIWETZERTSCHE LTGA GKGEN DEN
Swiss' League Against Nojso
ADDRESS: sihlstrasse 17,
8001
Tel: _
AFFIL:
(051)25.^'*.
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL Function
Dr. O.Schenker-SprtlngJLi secretary
AP aims and actions: ; Comments:
To press for reductions in ambient noise levels, espec- Noise measurement.-.; are made by HMPA
ially in Zurich. i (Federal Mater-iala Testing Station)
; (CH.006).
CH.O-'ll Schweizerischt.- Liga gegen den Lirm
8.71
622
-------
CH 042
Country No.
cwv* A! it r
out* 1 ^
D EJf"
Type Functions
01 0203
04
05
Sources
11
1213J)4|l5
Effects
21J22] 23
24 25| 31 32J33
34J3S|X M
S|/[2J3 6.71
Controls | Remedies | Size | Status Date
NAME : SCHWETZERISCHE GESELLSCHAFT FOR UMWELTSCHUT2
•' •'" Swiss Society for the Protection of the Environment
ADDRESS : Inst. f .Sozial-. . .medizin,
an der Universitat,
8006 ZURICH.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
sj/r
I ACRONYM:
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Prof.Dr
Herr
Dr.
Meinrad Schar
Walter Bringolf
Will! Rohner
Function
chairman
vice-chairman
vice-chairman
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
To campaign for an improved environment through changes [Membership includes many members of
in social and individual actions. j the Federal Parliament.
By cooperation, to seek reduced domestic and industrial Established 1971.
pollutant emissions, including vehicle emissions and
a change to clean-fuel power resources.
CH.042 SchweizerischeGesellschaft fur Umweltschutz
6.71
623
-------
TR - 1
Jun 71
TURKEY
BACKGROUND .
Air pollution problems in Turkey center primarily on the inland cap-
ital city of Ankara. No comparable problems occur in Instanbul or in other
coastal cities. Aside from the low, rolling hills of Turkish Thrace, the
fertile valleys that open to the Aegean Sea, and the narrow littoral along
the Black Sea, Turkey as a whole is wrinkled by rugged mountain ranges
that surround and inte.rsect the high, semi-arid Anatolian plateau. The
country stretches 1500 kilometers from east to west along the 40th paral-
lel and 630 kilometers from north to south. Average elevations vary from
600 meters above sea level in the west to 1800 meters amid the eastern
highlands. The 1969 population of Turkey was 34.8 million.
Ankara lies on the 40th parallel and has a population of around 1
million. Located at an elevation of about 850 meters and surrounded by
hills with elevations of about 1100 meters, the city is situated in a
bowl-shaped area. There are no continuous or prevailing winds, and the
few winds there are usually of low velocity. The topography that adversely
affects air movement in Ankara also contributes to the formation on inver-
sions. The pollutant emissions from domestic heating devices utilizing
low-prade lignite coal, coupled with the topography and meteorology, make
Ankara one of the most polluted cities in the world. Aside from pollution
caused by coal burning operations, exhaust gases from automobiles and dust
from the dirt roads within the city contribute to the total environmental
problem.
Four major studies dealing with abatement of'air pollution in Ankara
have been supported by the Turkiye Bilimsel ye Teknik Arastirma Kurumu
(TUBITAK—The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey). One TR-01
of the more promising projects involves the conversion of lignite to
briquettes, i.e., a means of better utilizing the local lignite reserves.
Still in the pilot plant stage, this program makes use of a new process
Preceding page blank 625
-------
TR_-_2
Jun 7i
developed by the Mineral Research and Development InstLcute. Another
project concerns district heating of Ankara. A third deals with the
inventory and improvement of boilers. The last of the four treats uhe
standardization of monitoring methods. Two other projects, aot directly
supported by TUBITAK but similar in some respects to thsse efforts, con-
cern both the production of smokeless fuel and district heating. These
latter projects are under the aegis of the Turkish Coal Administration
and the Electric, Gas, and Bus Administration, respectively.
In December 1969, the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society (CCMS) initiated the Pilot Study on Air Pollution. The CCMS Work- X-05
ing Group on Air Pollution, composed of one member each representing
TUBITAK, the Ministry of Interior of the Federal Republic of Germany and
the'Environmental Protection Agency in the United States, chose Ankara;
Frankfurt, Germany; and St. Louis, Missouri as pilot cities. The purpose
of the study is to demonstrate the rationale for establishing long-term
air pollution control programs in urban areas. To this end, a program
was set up that considers the following elements in the system of abating
air pollution: assessment of air quality in both present and future condi-
tions; development of mathematical diffusion models to be used in the
assessment studies; promulgation of air pollution criteria (relating am-
bient air quality levels to the effects on man and his environment); and
implementation of control techniques. The first phase of the project deals
exclusively with two pollutants: sulfur oxides and particulates; the second
phase is concerned wi'ch the automotive pollutants: hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and oxidants.
The assessment study of Ankara began in 1970 with an extensive emissions
inventory and the establishment of a 13-station monitoring network to survey
ambient levels of sulfur dioxide and particulates. The results of this
study, which include diffusion modeling for both present and future condi-
tions, will be reported in a document entitled, "Guideline to the Assess-
ment of Air Quality," to be published as a NATO/CCMS document. Turkish
representatives are participating in the other tasks of the study (model
'626
-------
TR - 3
Jun 71
development and promulgation of criteria and control technology) as mem-
bers of expert panels, along with personnel from the United States, the
Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, and the Netherlands.
Present Controls
Regulation of pollution in Turkey is presently very slight. Though
research on the effects of air pollution began in Ankara as early as 1926,
it was not until 1961 that the Parliament considered the first bill to
alleviate the problem (which was not passed). TUBITAK and other agencies
have drafted bills presently being considered. This legislation, however,
considers primarily the organizational structure of the body to assume the
role as the air pollution control agency, rather than specific abatement
measures.
Trends
By using models to forecast air pollution to the year 1990, the NATO/
CCMS Pilot Study shows that the present grave problem will become much worse
if not attacked in the near future. The five studies and projects currently
underway, however, indicate a greater awareness and desire on the part of the
Turkish government to alleviate the problem. It is expected that legislation
will soon be passed to establish a regulatory body. With the present labor-
atory facilities and plans to expand them and with a desire to train more
personnel in the environmental sciences, Turkey is on its way to establishing
a viable control program.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
^ At present, the most significant governmental body in the country dealing
with air pollution is TUBITAK, the Scientific and Technical Research Council TR-01
of Turkey. The head of the Council, the Secretary General, represents the
Turkish government on the Working Group on Air Pollution for the NATO Commit-
tee on the Challenges of Modern Society. The Council also aids in drafting X-05
legislation concerning environmental problems. Working closely with TUBITAK
is the School of Hygiene of the Ministry of Health, which operates the lab- TR-02
oratory and collects samples from the monitoring network for the NATO study.
627
-------
TR -_4
JuiV'7'1
A variety of other organizations work directly or indirectly on air pol-
lution problems in-Ankara: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, University of
Instanb.ul, Middle East Technical University. Ministry of Transportation,
Mineral Research and Development Institute, General Directorate of Coal
Management, Ministry of Power and Natural Resources., Ministry of Health
and Social Assistance, Meteorological Institute of the Ministry of Agri-
culture, Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction, the City oi Ankara,
Ankara Master Plan Bureau, Turkish Municipal Affairs Association, Turkish
State Planning Organization, Chamber of Mechanical Engineers (the Electric,
Gas, and Bus Administration), and the Turkish Association for Prevention
of Ankara Air Pollution.
628
-------
• TR Mil NAf^/|cHE |F 1^1^05 11
12 13 14 15
Country No. |Type| Functions ) Sources ] Effects
yJ22J^f|ytf|25 31 32 33 34
35I/HSI/I2 3 6/71 jsj T
Controls Remedies ] Size ] Status Date |
NAME: Turkiye Bilimsel Ve Teknik Arastirma Kurumu ACRONYM: TlJBiTAK
The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey See
ADDRESS:
Bayindar Sokak 33
Yenisehir, Ankara, Turkey
Tel. :
AFFIL:
Title
Prof. D
PERSONNEL
:. M. Miraboglu
Function
Secretary General
AP aims and actions:
Coordinating Agency for NATO/Committee on the
Challenges of Modem Society-Pilot Study on Air
Pollution.
Comments:
Country
2li>ij23|24!25i3l|32J33|3435 L\tK\ SJ 1! 2j/16/71 Isl T
r.J—i : L_L 1 1 L_ I.JL—I—I.._/_J -4-i—
Controls | Remedies Size | Status | Date i
NAME:_ School of_Hygiene, Ministry_of_Health
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
Cemal Gursel Caddesi No. 18
Sihhiye-Ankara, Turkey
JellL
AFFIL:
Title ' PERSONNEL
Dr. A. Ileri
Function
Director, Environmental
and Occupational Health
Division
AP aims and actions:
Conducts monitoring and data analysis for 13
station network in Ankara in conjunction with
the NATO/Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society-Pilot Study on Air Pollution
Comments:
629
-------
URUGUAY
The principal sources of air pollution in Uruguay are automobile ex-
haust, domestic heating, and industrial stacks, chiefly in the capital
city of Montevideo. General regulations with respect to the maintenance
of equipment and to chimney heights are administered by the municipality
and the Ministry of Public Health. A continuing program of public educa-
tion is sponsored by the Uruguayan Association Against Air Pollution in
Montevideo with Professor J.O. Ubios, Chairman.
Preceding page blank
.631
-------
uouri
APPENDIX A
USSR Air Quality Standards
(from World Health Organization - 1968)
au - j.
Sep 71
Substance
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Ammonia
Amyl Acetate
Amylene
Aniline
Arsenic (as As)
Benzene
Butane .
Butanol
Butyl Acetate (-n)
Butylene
Butyric Acid •
Caprolectum
Caprylic Acid
Carbon Black (soot)
Carbon Bisulfide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloroaniline (-p)
Chlorobenzene
Chloroprene
ChlorophenyJ. Isocyanate (-m)
Chlorophenyl Isocyanate (-p)
Chromium-hexavalent (asCrO.,)
Cyclphexanol
Cyclohexanone
Dichloroethane
2-3 Dichloro I-k Naphthaquinone
Diethylamine
Diketene
Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl Bisulfide
D imethylf ormanide
Dimethyl Sulfide
Dinyl (diphen'yi + its oxides)
Divinyl
Single exposure
(approx.- 20 minute
averaging time)
mg/m^ STP
0.01
0.2
0.1
0-35
0.003
0-3
0.2
0.1
!•*
0.05
--
1-5
200.
0.3
0.1
3,
0.015
0.06
0.01
0.15
0.03
3-
k.
0.1
o.ok
0.1
0.1
0.005
0.0015
0.0015
0.06
0.0k
3-
0.05
0.05
0.007
0.0055
0.7
0.03
0.08
0.01
3.
PPM
0.005
0.03
0.02
0.15
0.0006
0.12
0.28
0.019
0.5
0.013
--
.o.s
85.
0.1
0.021
1.3
O.OOU
0.013
0.002
--
0.01
2-7
0.7
0.033
0.008
0.02
0.028
0.001
C.0002
--
0.015
0.008
0.75
--
0.02
0.002
0.001
0.13
0.01
0.03
0.0015
-1.2
2k. hour
Averaging Time
mg/m3 STP
„
--
--
0.35
0.003
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.5
0.03
0.003
0.8
--
--
0.1
3-
0.01
0.06
0.005
0.05
0.01
1.
--
0.03
--
0.1
0.1
0.005
0.0015
0.0015
0.06
o.ok
1.
0.05
0.05
--
--
— .
0.03
—
0.01
1.
PPM
V W
--
—
0.15t
0.0006
o.o^ •
0.23
0.019
0.5
0.008
__••' •
0.25
--
0.02o.
1-3-
0.003
0.013
O.'OOl
-- ''•'
0.0033
0.9 .
--
o.oi';
-- •'
0.02 .
C.02b
0.001
0.0002
.--.
0.015
0.008
0.25
--•-. f.
0.02
--
--
0.01
—
0.0015
o.k
Preceding page blank
633
-------
APPENDIX A (continued)
Jpichlorohydrin
Sthanol
Sthyl Acetate
Sthylene
Cthylene Oxide
formaldehyde'
riourides (as F)
?lourides (insoluable)
5\irfural
Gasoline
Jasoline
(as C) (from Crude Oil)
(as c) (from shale)
iexamethylene-diamine
iydrochloric Acid (as H+)
hydrochloric Acid (as HCl)
hydrogen Flouride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Isoprppy/1; , Benzene
Isopropyl Benzene Hydroperoxide
Lead (as Fb)
Lead Sulfide (as Pb)
Malathion
Maleic Anhydride
Manganese (as Mn)
Mercury (as Hg)
Mesidine (2 Amlno-l,3>5 trimethyl
benzene)
Methanol
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Acryla'te
Methyl Aniline
Methyl Mercaptan
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Parathion
Methylstyrene ('Y)
Naphthaquinone ..(o-)
Nitric Acid (as HNOo)
Nitric Acid (as H+)
Nitrobenzol
Nitrogen Dioxide
Phenol • ' •
Phosphoric Anhydride
Phthalic ; Anhydride
Propanol
Propylene
Pyridine .-
Styrene
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfuric Acid (as H+)
Sulfuric Acid (as H2300
Suspended Particulate Matter (dust
Thiophene
Toluene
Toluene , Diisocyanate
Tributyl Phosphate
Tr ichloroethylene
Valeric "Acid (-n)
Vanadium Pent oxide
Vinyl Acetate
'
0.2
5-
0.1
3.
0.3
0.635
0.03
0.2
0.05
5-
0.05
0.01
0.006
0.2
0.02
0.00
O.OlU
0.007
0.015
0.2
0.03
0.003
1.
0.07
0.01
0.04
9x10'°
0.1
o.oot'
0.04
0.005
0.4
0.006
o.oob
0.0o5
0.01
0.15
0.2
0.3
3-
0.08
0.003
0.5
0.006
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.05
0.01
k.
0.03
0.2
0;2
0.05
2-5
0.029
2-3
0.15
0.029
--
--
0.013
1-25
0.01
0.002
--
0.15
0.03
0.005
0.003
0.001
" ~
0.05
• •>
^ »
0.75
0.023
0.003
0.01
0.025
--
0.01
0.001
0.15
--
0.001
0.045
0.0026
0.026
0.03
0.12
1-5
0.023
0.0007
0.19
--
--
—
0.17
0.15
0.0071
__
0.67
0.008
0.06
0.05
0.2
5-
0.1
3-
0.03
0.012
0.01
0.03
0.05
1.5
0.05
0.01
0.006
0.005
o.oo •••"
0.014
0.007
0.0007
0.0017
0.05
0.01
0.0003
0-5
0.07
0.1
0.04
0.005
o.oo6
0.008
0.085
0.01
0.05
0.2
3-
o.o8
0.003
0.15
o.oo6
0.1
0.15
0.6
0.02
1.
0.01
0.002
0.2
0.2
0.05
2.5
0.029
2-3
0.015
0.01
--
--
o.oi3
0.38
0.01
0.002.
—
$.00.,
u 6*005
0.663
0.001'
--
-- •'
0.01
--
"" ''" '.
0.38
0.023
0.025
0.01
0.001
__
0.001
0.045
0.0026
0.0085
0.03 ,
1.5
0.023
0.0007
'0.5*'
• — :
--
--
0.15
0.0029
0.17
0.003
__
6.06
p. '05
-------
SU - 3
Sep 71
APPENDIX B
STATE PUBLISHING HOUSES
Gosvoenizdat State Military Publishing House
Gosgeolizdat State Geological Literature Publishing House
Gosizdat State Publishing House
Goslestekhizdat State Forest Industry Publishing House
Gosmedizdat State Medical Publishing House '
Gosplanizdat State Planning Commission Publishing House
Gossel'khozisdat State Agricultural Publishing House
Gosstatizdat State Statistical Publishing House
Gosstroiizdat State Building Literature Publishing House
Gostekhizdat State Theoretical and Technical Literature Publishing House
Gostoptekhizdat State Petroleum and Mineral Fuel Industry Publishing House
Gostransizdat State Transportation Literature Publishing House
Goskhimizdat State Chemical Literature Publishing House
Gosenergoizdat State Power Engineering Publishing House
Gosatomizdat State Atomic Energy Publishing^ House
Goslesbumizdat State Forest, Paper and Woodworking Publishing House
635
-------
SU - 4
Sep 71
APPENDIX D
PERIODICALS COVERING AIR POLLUTION TOPICS
A. Periodicals listed in order of the number of articles carried during approxi-
mately the last ten years on public health aspects of air pollution:
Journals
1. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Cigiena i sanitariia)
2. Laboratory Matters (Laboratornoe delo)
3. The Factory Laboratory (Zavodskaia laboratoriia)
A. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Gigiena truda i professional'nye
zabolevaniia)
5. Physician's Matters (Vrachebnoe delo)
6. Atomic Energy (Atomnaia energiia)
7. Microbiology (Mikrobiologiia)
8. The Military-Medical Journal (Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal)
9. The Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunology (Zhurnal
Mikrobiologiia, Epidemiologii i immunologii)
10. The Chemical Industry (Khimicheskaia promyshelennostO
11. Health (Zdorov'e)
12. The Medical Journal of Uzbekistan (Meditsinskii Zhurnal Uzbekistana)
13. Moscow Municipal Economy (Gorodskoe khoziaistvo Moskvy)
14. The Journal of Analytic Chemistry (Zhurnal analiticheskoi khimii)
15. The Public Health of Kazakhstan (Zdravookhranenie Kazakistana)
16. Medical News (Novosci meditsiny)
17. The Azerbajdzhanian Medical Journal (Azerbajdzhanskii meditsinskii zhurnal)
Other Serial Publications
1. The Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory Works (Glavnaia goefizicheskaia
observatoriia im. Voeikova. Trudy)
2. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Herald (Akademiia meditsinskikh
nauk USSR. Vestnik)
3. The Leningrad Sanitary-hygiene Medical Institute Works (Leningradskii
sanitarno-gigienineskii meditsinskii institut. Trudy)
636
-------
SU__-_5
Sup 7,1
APPENDIX D (continued)
B. Periodicals concerned with air pollution caused by automobile exhaust:
Journals
1. The Automobile Industry (Avtomobil'naia promyshlennost')
2". Automobile Transport (Avtomobil'nyi transport)
3. Rubber and Resins (Kauchuk i rezina)
4. Work Safety and Socialist Insurance (Okhrana truda i sotsialisticheskoe
strakhovanie)
5. The Industry of Belorussia (Promyshlennost1 Belorussii)
6. Tractors and Agricultural Machinery (Traktory i sel'skomashiny)
7. The mining Journal (Cornyi zhurnal)
8. Behind the Wheel (Za rulem)
9. The Journal of Applied Spectroscopy (Zhurnal prikladnoi spektroskopii)
10. The Municipal Economy of Moscow (Gorodskoe khoziaistvo Moskvy)
11. Oil and Gas (Neft' i gaz)
Other Serial Publications
1. The Central Diesel Research Institute Works (Tsentral'nyi nauchno-
; issledovatel'skii dizel'nyi institut. Trudy)
2. The Sverdlovsk Institute of Mining Works (Institut gornogo dela g.
Sverdlovsk. Trudy)
3. The Automobile Industry Research Institute. Auto Construction (Nauchno-
isseledovatel'skii institut informatsii avtomobil'noi promyshlennosti,
Seriia "Avtomobilostroenie")
4. The Engine Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Works
(Institut dvigatelei ANSSR. Trudy)
5. The Institute of Chemical Sciences of Kazakhstan. Works (Institut
khimicheskikh nauk Kaz. SSR. Trudy)
C. Other Relevant Journals:
1. Energy (Energitika)
2. Flame (Ogonek)
3. Gas Industry (Gazovaia promyshlennost')
4. Industrial Construction (Promyshlennoe stroitel'stvo)
5. Instruments and Experimental Technique (Pribory i tekhnika eksperimenta)
6. Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Zhurnal Analiticheskai Khimii)
.7. Journal of Applied Chemistry (Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii)
8. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (Zhurnal eksperimental'noi
i klinicheskoi meditsinii)
9. Meteorology and Hydrology (Meteorologiia i Gidrologiia)
10. Nature (Priroda)
11. N'on-ferrous Metals (Tsvetnye Metally)
12. Pharmacology and Toxicology (Farmakologiia toksikologiia)
13. Problems of Oncology (Voprosy Onkologii)
14. Work (Trud)
15. Work Safety in Industry (Bezopasnost' truda v promyshlennosti)
637
-------
SU - 6
Sep 73"
REVISED APPENDIX C
BOOKS ON AIR POLLUTION TOPICS
I. Communal Hygiene - General
Ryazanov, V.A., ed., A Textbook of Community Hygiene, Medgiz, Moscow
(1961)
• , Problems of Community Hygiene, Kiev (1966)
II. Air Pollution - General
Prechistenskii, S.A., Radioactive Effluents in the Atmosphere, Moscow
(1961)
Ryazanov, V.A., The Air in Our Cities, Moscow (1965)
Shabad, L.M. and Dikun, P.P., Pollution of the Atmosphere by the
Carcinogen 3.4-benzpyrene, Leningrad (1959)
Shesheikovskii, G.V., Smoke in Towns, Moscow (1947)
Ved'mina, E.A., Sanitary-bacteriological Investigations of the
Atmosphere, Moscow (1967)
. , Pollution of'the Atmosphere by Industrial Effluents
and Automotive Transport, Advanced Technological and Production
Experience (24-63-848/9), Moscow (1963)
Sokolovski, M.W., et al., The Sanitary Protection of the Air of Moscow,
Moscow (1965)
III. Air Pollution Investigation Methodology
Ministry of Public Health, State Sanitary Inspection, (USSR) Methodological
Instructions for Ambient Air Pollution Investigations, Medgiz,
Moscow (1963)
Ministry of Public Health (Ukranian SSR), Methodological Instructions
for Organizing and Conducting Laboratory Investigations of the
Ambient Air (27/IV). Kiev (1963)
Hydro-Meteorological Service Administration, Temporary Instructions
on the Analysis of Data on the Composition of Air Pollution,
Leningrad (1968)
IV. Air Sampling and Analysis
Alekseeva, M.V., et al., Determination of Noxious Substances in the
Air of Industrial Premises, Goskhimizdat, Moscow (1954)
Alekseeva, M.V., Determination of Atmospheric Pollutants, Medgiz,
Moscow (1963)
Berezkin, V.G., Analytical Reaction Gas Chromatography, Nauka, Moscow
(1966)
Gil'denskiol'd, R.S., et al., A Method for Taking Atmospheric Dust Samples
on Cloth Filters, Moscow (1961)
Gol'dberg, M.S., ed., Methods for Determination of Atmospheric Pollutants,
, Academy of Medical Sciences (USSR), Moscow, (in draft 1966)
638
-------
SU - 7
Sep 71
Korenman, M.M., Analytical Chemistry of Small Concentrations, Khimia,
Moscow (1957)
Lyalikov, Yu. S., Physico-chemical Methods of Analysis, Khimia, Moscow-
Leningrad (1964)
Peregud, E.A., et al., Chemical Analysis of the Air of Industrial
Plants, Moscow-Leningrad (1965)
Peshkova, V.M. and Grbmova, M.I., Practical Instructions on Spectro-
photometry. Moscow University Press, Moscow (1966)
Zemlyanitskaya, E.T. and Lugorkin, V.P., New Methods for the Determination
of Harmful Substances in the Air of Industrial Plants, Kazan (1967)
V. Transport and Diffusion of Atmospheric Pollutants
• , Instructions for the Determination of the Dispersion
of Harmful Substances (Dust and Sulfur Dioxide) into the Atmosphere
from the Effluents of Industrial Plants (SN 369-67-Official Edition,
Confirmed 5/11/67) Leningrad (1967)
Beryland, M.E., Meteorological Aspects of Industrial Air Pollution,
Moscow (1968)
Beryland, M.E., ed., Problems of Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution,
Reprinted from Trudy glav. geofiz. Obs. A. 1. Voeikova Nos. 138,
158, 172 (1965), 185 (1966), 207 (1968) and 234 (1968)
Gidrometeorizdat-Lenlngrad
Beryland, M.E., The Climatic Aspects of Research on Air Pollution by
Industrial Effluents, in "Current Problems of Climatology,"
Gidrometeorizdat-Leningrad (1966)
Beryland, M.E., Production and Regulation of the Heat Regime of the
Atmospheric Ground Layer, Leningrad (1956)
Lekhtman, D.L,, The Physics of the Ground Layer of the Atmosphere,
Leningrad (1961)
Abstracts of Papers Presented at International Symposium on Meteorological
Aspects of Air Pollution - Leningrad (1968)
VI. Health Effects of Air Pollution
Since early 1950 Air Pollution Grants have provided translations of
Soviet air pollution literature which are still being continued. The
following documents are available in English from NTIS:
Limits of Allowable Concentrations of Atmospheric Pollutants. V.A.
Ryazanov, Editor, B.S. Levine, Translator
NTIS Number
Volume 1, 1952 59-21173
Volume 2, 1955 59-21174
Volume 3, 1957 59-21175
Volume 4, 1960 61-11148
Volume 5, 1962 62-11605
In addition, there are 18 volumes of U.S.S.R. Literature on Air Pollution
and Related Occupational Diseases, also translated by B.S. Levine. The
numbers under which they are available from NTIS:
639
-------
SU - 8
Sep 71
Volume 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Comments concerning these volumes:
TT 60-21049
60 21388
60-21475
60-21913
61-11149
61-21982
62-11103
63-11570
64-11574
64-11767
65-61965
66-61429
66-62191
67-60046
PB 179 140
PB 179 141
PB 180 522T
PB 180 523T
Volume 9 (in two parts) contains books six and seven of "Limits of
Allowable Concentrations of Atmospheric Pollutants."
Volume 10 is the translation of "Rapid Methods for the Determination of
Harmful Gases and Vapors in the Air," by A.V. Demidov and L.A.
Mokhov.
Volume 11 is a translation of "Aerodynamic Principles of Inertia
Separation," by A.I. Pirumov.
Volume 15 is a translation of Book 8 of "Limits of Allowable Concentrations
of Atmospheric Pollutants."
Volume 16 is a translation of "Biological Effects and Hygienic Significance
of Atmospheric Pollutants."
Volume 17 is a translation of "Biological Effects and Hygienic Importance
of Atmospheric Pollutants."
The Survey of U.S.S.R. Literature is being continued, also under an air
pollution grant, by the American Institute of Crop Ecology, 809 Dale
Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. Nine volumes have been published
up to date since 1969, and are available at NTIS:
Volume I - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Atmospheric
and Meteorological Aspects of Air Pollution PB 198-061
Volume II - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Effects arid
Symptoms of Different Plant Species in Various Habitats, in Relation
to Plant Utilization for Shelter Belts and as Biological Indicators
PB 198-062
640
-------
Volume III - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. The
Susceptibility or Resistance to Gas and Smoke of Various Arboreal
Species Grown Under Diverse Environmental Conditions in a Number
of Industrial Regions of the Soviet Union PB 198-063
Volume IV - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Meteorological
and Chemical Aspects of Air Pollution; Propagation and Dispersal
of Air Pollutants in a Number of Areas in the Soviet Union
PB 198-064
Volume V - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Effects of
Meteorological Conditions and Relief on Air Pollution; Air
Contaminants - Their Concentration, Transport, and Dispersal
PB 198-410
Volume VI - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Air Pollution
in Relation to Certain Atmospheric and Meteorological Conditions
and Some of the Methods Employed in the Surveyaand Analysis of
Air Pollutants PB 198.-527
Volume VII - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Measurements
of Dispersal and Concentration, Identification, and Sanitary
Evaluation of Various Air Pollutants, with Special Reference to
the Environs of Electric Power Plants and Ferrous Metallurgical
Plants PB 200-996
» •
Volume VIII - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. A Compilation
of Technical Reports on the Biological Effects and the Public Health
Aspects of Atmospheric Pollutants PB 201-459
Volume IX - AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution Literature. Gas Resistance
of Plants with Special Reference to Plant Biochemistry and to the
Effects of Mineral Nutrition (PB number not yet available)
This grant is being continued.
, Proceedings, Ail-Union Conference on Sanitary Protection
of the Atmosphere, Moscow (1964)
, Theoretical and Practical Problems of Electroencephal-
ography Medgiz, Moscow (1956)
, Toxicology of Radioactive Substances, Medgiz, Moscow
(19-57)
Bronshtein, A.I., Taste and Smell, Medgiz, Moscow-Leningrad (1950)
Elfimova, E.V., et al., Hygienic Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution in
the Vicinity of Ferrous Metallurgical Works, in "Scientific Notes
of F.F. Erisman Institute," Moscow (1966)
Gabovich, R.D., Fluorine and its Hygienic Significance, Medgiz, Moscow
(1957)
Krasovitskaya, M.L., Hygienic Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution by
Effluents from Oil Refineries and the Petrochemical Industry,
Medgiz, Moscow (1965)
641
-------
SU - 10
Sep 71
Kryzhanovtskaya, M.V., Methodological Instructions for Experimental Study
of the Allergenic Properties of the Chemical Ingredients of Air
Pollution, Kiev
Lukomskii, G.I., Fluorine in Medicine, Medgiz, Moscow (1940)
Nikogosyan, M.I., Hygienic Characteristics of Ambient Air Pollution by
Effluents from the Kanaker Aluminum Works, Erevan (1961)
Pershin, A.A., The Effects of Phosphorite Dust on the Health of the
Population of the Residential Area of the Egor'evski Mine,
Moscow (1954)
Pinigin, M.A., A Study of Zonal Air Pollution by a Synthetic Textile
• Plant and its Effects on the Population, Leningrad (1959)
Smailis, V.I., V.V. Petrov, and V.S. Sokolov, Investigation of the
.Toxicity of Motor Vehicle Exhausts, Trude CNIDI (No. 47) (1963)
Varshavskii, L.L., ed., Proceedings of a Symposium, Moscow (1966)
'". , Sanitary Norms for Industrial Plant Design (SN 245-63)
.Moscow (1963)
VII. Control of Air Pollution - Industrial
, Cleaning of Effluent Gases in Ferrous Metallurgical
Plants, Moscow (1969)
, Purification of Waste Waters and Effluent Gases,
Kiev (1968)
, Removal of Harmful Pollutants from Aqueous Wastes
and Gaseous Effluents, Volvograd (1968)
Aleksandrov, D.P., Dust Control During Alumina Loading and Unloading,
Advanced Engineering and Production Experience (No. 11-66-80/21),
State Institute for Technological and Scientific Information,
Moscow (1966)
Baturin, V.V., Industrial Ventilation Basics, Moscow (1951)
Belosel'skii, B.S. and V.N. Polrovskii, The Use of Sulfurous Fuel Oil
at Power Stations and Means for Averting the Release into the
.Atmosphere of SC-2, Moscow (1964)
Chizhikov, V.A., Building Material Production and Several Other Branches
of Industry as Sources of Air Pollution, Moscow (1968)
Gor.don, G.M., ed., Dust Removal and Gas Cleaning in Non-Ferrous
Metallurgy, Collected Scientific Works No. 24, The State Non-
Ferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, Moscow (1966)
Gordon, G.M. and I.L. Pelsahov, Dust Removal and Gas Cleaning in
Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1958) " .
Gordynya, N.P., Methodological Instructions for Air Pollution Control
at Ferrous Metallurgical Plants, Kiev (1966)
Kalina, L.A., Gas Cleaning for the Operator, Moscow (1968)
Kalyuzhnyi, D.N., et al., Sanitary Control of Atmospheric and Water
Pollution from Wastes and Effluents of Ferrous Metallurgical
Plants, Moscow (1968)
Kalyuzhnyi, D.N., Protection of Ambient Air from Pollution by Effluents
from Iron and Steel Works, Gasmedizdat, Kiev (1961)
Kozor'iz, G.F., The Use of Cyclones in Exhaust Ventilating Installations
in Woodworking Plants, Kiev (1968)
Kucheruk, V.V., Dust Removal from Ventilation Air, Masgiz, Moscow (1963)
Kunakov, N.E., Management of Gases in Metallurgical Plants, Metallurgoizdat,
Moscow (1954)
Lebedev, V.V., The Prevention of Environmental Pollution by Certain-
Industrial Effluents, Moscow (1968)
642
-------
SU - 11
Sep 71
Letavet, A.A. and E.V. Huhrinoi, eds., The Fight Against Dust Formation
in Production, Moscow (1964)
Marfenin, F., Handbook of Safety Engineering and Industrial Sanitation,
Profizdat, Moscow (1950)
Novikov, N.I., The Problem of the Fight Against Air Pollution from Oil
Refineries, Moscow (1966)
Petrov, B.A. and P.V. Sidiakov, Removal of Dust from Technological Gases
in Cement Plants, Stroyizdat, Moscow (1965)
Pokrovskii, V.N., ed., Fuel Power and Gas Cleaning, Leningrad Power
Institute, Leningrad (1967)
Pozin, M.E., I.P. Muhienov, and E. Ja. Tarat, Foam Dust Arresters,
Gas Purifiers and Heat Exchangers, Goskhimizdat, Moscow (1959)
Remesnikov, I.D. and Yu. A. Skoretski, Dust Control in the Production
of Briquettes, Uglethizdat, Moscow (1952)
Rozenknopp, S.P., Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Gases, Goskhimizdat,
Moscow (1952)
Shapritskii, V.N., Air Pollution Control in Metallurgy, Metallurgizdat,
Moscow (1965)
Shneerson, B.L., Electrical Purification of Gases, Metallurgizdat,
Moscow (1950)
Urbakh, I.I., Methods and Equipment for Dust and Soot Removal from
Gases, Processes and Equipment for Chemical Manufacture, Moscow
(1965)
Uzhov, V.N., Purification of Industrial Gases by Electro-filters, 2nd
Ed., Khimia, Moscow (1967)
Uzhov, V.N., Safe Operation of Electro-filters in the Chemical Industry,
Khimizdat, Moscow (1964)
Uzhov, V.N., Dust Control in Industry, Goskhimizdat, Moscow (1962)
Uzhov, V.N., Purification of Industrial Effluent Gases, Goskhimizdat,
Moscow (1959)
Uzhov, V.N., Sanitary Protection of Atmospheric Air, Medgiz, Moscow
(1955) B.S. Levine (Translator, 1957) Sanitary Protection of
Atmospheric Air: Purification of Industrial Discharge Gases from
Suspended Substances
Vasil'ev, N.S., Air Pollution Control for Power Stations Burning Moscow
Coal, Moscow (1965)
Zin'kovskii, M.M., Dust Control in Ferrous Metallurgy, Moscow (1969)
VIII. Control of Automotive Air Pollution
, The Battle with Automotive Noise and Exhaust Gases: A
Bibliography, No. 1 - 1961-63, Moscow (1964); No. 2 - 1964-66,
Moscow (1966)
Lykova, A.S., The Role of Automobile Transport Exhaust Gases in Air
Pollution of Large Cities, Trudy 14, Leningrad Sanitary-Hygiene
Medical Institute, Leningrad (1953)
Korenev, M.S., Methods for Reducing Toxicity of Motor Vehicle Exhausts,
CINTIMAS, Series XII, Moscow (1962)
Soroko-Novitskii, V.I., Testing of Automotive Vehicles, Moscow (1955)
Stepanov, L., The Reduction of Air Pollution from Effluent Gases,
Automotive Transport (1963)
643
-------
SU - 12
Sep 71
Varshavskii, I.L., ed. , Toxicity of Internal Combustion Vehicles and
Method for Reducing It - Proceedings of a Symposium, Moscow (1966)
Varshavskii, I.L., L.S. Zolotorevskii, and I.V. Ignatovich, Determination
of the Effectiveness of Neutralizers from Chemical Analysis Data,
Trudy 23, CNITA (1966)
Varshavskii, I.L, and R.V. Malov. How to Make Automobile Exhaust Gases
Less Harmful, Moscow (1968)
644
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VZ-1
Feb 71
VENEZUELA
The main concern about air pollution in Venezuela is in the capital
city, Caracas, which has a large number of automobiles. The city also
has two large garbage dumps that burn at each end of an encompassing
valley. While air pollution has never become critical there, because
of the prevailing trade winds, the public has expressed increasing con-
cern. The Ministry of Health established a network of local monitoring
stations in 1971, and research in this field is conducted at the Univer-
sidad Central de Venezuela for the Academy of Sciences, under Professor
Gustavo Rivas Mijaras.
Air Pollution is not considered a significant factor outside of
Caracas, though water pollution is. It is expected that the laws em-
phasizing water pollution control throughout the country will be strength-
ened and more carefully enforced in the future.
645
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YU - 1
Jun 71
YUGOSLAVIA
y
(Socijalisticka Federativna Republika Jugoslavija)
GENERAL AIR POLLUTION BACKGROUND
Geography
Yugoslavia consists of three basic regions: the Adriatic coast along
the western border, Pannonic lowlands in the northeast, and chains of
mountains in between. Its climate varies from Mediterranean in the south-
west to continental in the northeast. The,country covers an area of
256,000 square kilometers and has a population of about 20,500,000. Prior
to the Second World War, Ygoslavia was predominantly an agricultural coun-
try, but after the war an intensive industrialization and urbanization
started. This development was accompanied by the undesirable, but una-
voidable consequences of increasing environmental pollution and occupa-
tional health problems.
Deposits of iron, lignite, bauxite, lead, mercury, zinc, manganese,
copper, silver, chromium, antimony, asbestos, and clay, as well as oil and
natural gas resources have represented a solid basis for the growth of
various industrial activities. Hydroelectric power has also been exten-
sively developed.
Political Features
Yugoslavia is a federation of six socialist republics (Bosnia and
Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia) and
two autonomous provinces (Vojvodina and Kosovo). Within the independent
republics, each subdivision (town, community) is also independent in many
respects. The problems of environmental pollution are related primarily
to the larger towns and industrial areas. Because of cold winters in the
continental part of the country, accompanied by frequent periods of atmos-
Sources for this review include information supplied by M. Fugas,
laboratory head at the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational
Health, Zagreb.
Preceding page blank
647
-------
YU - 2
Jun 71
pheric stagnation, there is quite a high degree of air pollution from
heating in these towns. This condition has recently caused public con-
cern, as well as many discussions in the communications media.
Present Controls
The basic air pollution control law was passed in 1965 (Slu%beni
list SFRJ No. 30). Although it represents a useful framework for the
enforcement of control measures, the implementing regulations concerning
air quality, emissions and design standards have not yet appeared. The
latest approach is to let each community or republic try its own way and
then exchange views after sufficient experience is gained to form the
basis for proposing federal regulations. So far, control activities in
Sarajevo (Bosnia) and Ljubljana (Slovenia) have been directed toward a
more efficient fuel combustion, while in Zagreb (Croatia) regulations are
being prepared to restrict the sulfur content of fuels. The authority for
supervision of execution of the above mentioned law is given to federal,
republic, district, and local sanitary inspectorates, which are essentially
independent.
Trends
In the last few years, the need has become obvious for cooperation,
coordination, and exchange of information among governmental, academic,
industrial, and independent research institutions dealing with air pollution
problems. To this end, intensive activities have been going on to identify
these institutions and bring them together (1) through a professional assoc-
iation, (2) through the formation of research centers carrying out large
joint projects in the field, (3) through town committees for air pollution
control set up by the local government of each of the four largest towns
(Belgrade, Zagreb, Sarajevo and Ljubljana), and (A) by establishing a depart-
ment for the protection of the human environment in each republic, at the
Secretariat for Town Planning, Housing, and Community Affairs.
The products of fuel combustion in stationary sources are still the
primary problem, but interest in automotive pollution is growing. Industrial
pollution problems are handled individually, with a general tendency to
remove "dirty" industrial plants from populated areas.
648
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YU - 3
Jun 71
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS
There is no formal vertical organization of the governmental institu-
tions responsible for air pollution control. Because of the general process
of decentralization, the Federal Public Health Institute, which the basic YU-001
air pollution control law indicated would play a leading role in the pre-
paration of standards for air quality, emissions, and plant design, is no
longer in the forefront of these activities. The Air Pollution Prevention
Section of the Yugoslav Committee for Chemical Engineering, which joined YU-003
the International Union of Air Pollution Prevention Associations in December
1970, and the local committees on air pollution control have taken over the
initiative in all air pollution control activities. The chain of Sanitary
Inspectorates has the authority to grant location and working licenses for
new installations that represent potential air pollution sources and to
keep records of all such sources within the jurisdiction of the respective
inspectorates.
Serbia
Health effects of air pollution and measurements of air quality are
the concern of the Federal and Republican Public Health Institutes in Belgrade YU-401
and, to some extent, the Public Health Institutes of Novi Sad and Nis. YU-402
Special problems are studied by the Institute for Occupational Medicine and YU-407
Radiological Protection in Belgrade. YU-408
YU-403
Studies of emission dispersion are carried out by the Institute for
Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials in Belgrade and the YU-404
Institute for Nuclear Sciences "Boris Kidric," Vinca. The latter also per- YU-405
forms efficiency tests on filters. The Republican and Federal Institutes of
Hydrology and Meteorology in Belgrade are responsible for meteorological YU-002
measurements and diffusion studies.
Croatia
Health effects of air pollution and air quality measurements in this
region are the responsibility of the Institute for Medical Research and YU-202
u
Occupational Health in Zagreb, in collaboration with the Andrija Stampar YU-203
School of Public Health and, to some extent, the Public Health Institute YU-204
of Zagreb.
649
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YU - 4
Jun 71
Measurement and control of emissions, efficiency testing of dust
collectors and design standards are the concern of the Institute for YU-207
Electricity in Zagreb, and the latter two activities are responsibilities
also of the Steam Boiler Factory in Zagreb. The Institute for Medical YU-209
Research and Occupational Health is active in some technical aspects of YU-202
air pollution, assisting the republican and municipal sanitary inspector-
ates in such matters as calculations of chimney heights. Meteorological
measurements and interactions of meteorological factors and air pollution
are studied by the Republican Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology and YU-206
by the Institute for Atmospheric Physics in Zagreb. YU-205
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Health effects of air pollution and air quality measurements are YU-303
dealt with in Sarajevo by the Public Health Institute, the Institute for YU-302
Hygiene and Social Medicine, and the Institute for Tuberculosis. Effects YU-306
of air pollution on plants are studied by the Faculty of Agriculture at
Sarajevo University. YU-307
Investigations of smoke emissions, particle separation and efficiency
testing of dust collectors are performed by the Institute for Mechanical
and Process Engineering at Sarajevo and, to some extent, by the Institute YU-301
of Metallurgy "Hasan Brkic" at Zenica and the Occupational Safety Estab- YU-308
lishment, Tuzla. Meteorological measurements are made by the Republican YU-305
Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Sarajevo. YU-304
Slovenia
Health effects of air pollution and air quality measurements are the
concern of the Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, The Republican Public Health YU-105
Institute in Ljubljana, and the Public Health Institute in Maribor. Air YU-101
pollution measurements and investigations of air cleaning devices are YU-104S
V V 41
performed by the Institute "Joze Stefan" and "Boris Kidric" Chemical YU-107
Institute. Studies of emissions from combustion sources are carried out YU-108
at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and, from metallurgical sources YU-106*.
at the institute of Metallurgy. Meteorological measurements and the in- YU-109
fluence of meteorological parameters on air pollution dispersion are
650
-------
YU - 5
Jun 71
performed by the Meteorology Department of the University and by the YU-111
Republican Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology in Ljubljana.
651
-------
YU (j>02 JGOV|/
Country j No. jType
B C|D E F
Functions
Sources
12|l3 14 15!21 22J23/jXi25!31 32 33 w 35
i 1 t j ' i* f i I , 1 -_-l 1 ___ ^_
Effects
Controls
Remedies
L M
Size
1 2
Status
Date |
NAME: SAVEZNI HIDROMETEOROLOSKI ZAVOD
ACRONYM:
FEDERAL INSTITUTE OP HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY
also
ADDRESS:
11000 BEOGRAD
Bircaninova 6
Tel.: 645-779
Title
PERSONNEL
AFFIL:
Dipl.
meteor
Dipl.
meteor,
M.Slavnic
G.Ilic-Sokolo
Function
AP aims and actions:
Federal executive council
Comments:
YU
Country ; No. Type
Functions
Sources
Effects
2l22232425|31 |3
Controls
Remedies
2 3
Sire | Status
6_..7t,
Date :
iS IX
NAME: STRUCNA GRUPA ZA CISTOCUAZDUHA
AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION SECTION
ADDRESS:
71001 SARAJFv'O
Omladinsko ietaliste bb
AFFIL:
Yugoslav Committee for Chemical
Engineering
ACRONYM:
See
also
Title
Prof.
PERSONNEL
M.Krstic
Function
chairman (Sarajevo)
(see 301)
Dipl.ing. A.Knezevic i secretary
Dipl.iug. M.Kacarevic
Dipl.iug. S.Mitrovic
Dipl.iug. D.Ilijas
Mr.Sci, M.Fugas
(Beograd^
Beograd)
(Zagreb)
(Zagreb)
Sarajevo)
see JOl
see 403
see 405
see 209
see 2C
AP aims and actions:
to biing together individual experts and pro-
fessional institutions dealing with AP
to organize symposia, conferences and
meetings on AP
to be in contact and exchange experience with
similar organizations in other countries
Comments:
cont. Dipl.ing. P.Novak
Dipl. B.Paradiz
meteorol.
Members of the temporary committee
(Ljubljana) fsee 106)
) (i
(Ljubljana) (see
652
-------
YU
13
1416
21
33343S L M
M
zT]
S!
Country
No. Typo Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size | Status | Date
NAME: ENOTA ZA KOMUNALNU HIGIHENU
ACRONYM :
COMMUNITY HYGIENE UNIT
See
also
ADDRESS: 61000 LJUBLJANA
Trubarjeva 2
Tel.: 21-223, 21-?81
Title
Dr.(Med
+2
.) D.Horvat
senior techn.
AFFIL: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE OP
S.R. SLOVENIA
PERSONNEL
Function
Head of the unit
AP aims and actions:
AP measurements
Expert opinions on health effects and
recommendations of protective measures
Participation in AP control Committee of
S.R. Slovenia
Comments:
YTI in?;RwtAi8
C[X
E;F :01|02j03,04,05.11]i2;13!l4il5y<
Country j No. |Type| Functions , Sources Effects ;
22^2^25
Controls
31 [32
33
34351 LlMl/l 11 21/301. li
Remedies | Size | Status
NAME: REPUELISKI URBANISTlfiNI INSPEKTORAT
Date j f
ACRONYM:
REPUBLICAN INSPECTORATE J?0fl TOWN PLANNING
See
also
ADDRESS:
61000 LJUBLJANA
Zupan5i£eva J>
Tel.: 21-844
APFII • DTTDTrBT.TCyT aWVPT ADT AfP "7 A
Title ] PERSONNEL '• Function
Dipl.
ing.
M. Jerman
Chief inspector
town planning
for
URBANIZAM SR SLOVENIA
SECRETARIAT FOR TOWN PLANNING
OF S.R. SLOVENIA
AP aims and actions:
Location approval for buildings of regional
interest
Participation in AP control Committee of
Slovenia
Comments:
653
-------
YU
Ol|02|03J04|05|ll|l2|l3|l4|l6|21
25 31|32 33 34 35
Country
Sources I Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date
NAME:HIDROMETEOROLOSKI ZAVOD SRS
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE OP HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY OF S.R.SLO
ADDRESS:
61000 LJUBLJANA
Resljeva cesta 18
Tel.: 312-242
AFFIL: . '
1 Title
JDipl.me
bipl.in
Dipl.ii
Dipl.irl
f
PERSONNEL
teor. B.ParadiS
g. M.Bonac",
g. T.Zupancic',
g. J.Rakovec,
techn. + 1 NP
Function
* Head meteor.
observatory
(chem. ), officer
(meteorol.), officer
(meteorol.), officer
AP aims and actions:
Calculation of AP dispersion in various meteo-
rological conditions and effective chimney
height
Study of critical meteorological parameters
necessary for prognosis of high periods of AP
Comments:
*see also 003
J/f
YU ILO^MUN
ElF
i01 02
Country j No. 'Typej Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
31!32 33
34l 35
Remedies
vi
Size
X3
Status
Date i
NAME: ZAVOD ZA ZDRAVSTVZNO VARSTVO MARIBOR
ACRONYM:
PUBLIC HKAT.TH INSTITUTE MARIBOR
Sea
also
ADDRESS:
62000 MARIBOR
Prvomajska 1
Title
PERSONNEL
Tel.: 31-160
Mr.Sci.i S.Verhovnik
Dipl.injg. O.Kriian
Mr.Sci.i V.Ker§i6
)r.Med.| LCernSic"
AFFIL:
+ 2
6
senior techn.,
techn. and
part time assojc
Function
spec, in sanit. eng.
(chem.)
(Dr.Med.)
AP aims and actions:
AP measurements within industrial premisses,
out also in ambient air and measurement of
emission.
Comments:
654
-------
ACI
01
0203
OS
1213
14
IB
21
2223
24
2531
3233
3435
M
Country \ No. |Typ«
Functions
Sourcea
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date
NAME: HIGIJENSKI INSTITUT
ACRONYM:
INSTITUT 07 HYGIENE
See
also
ADDRESS:
61000 LJUBLJANA
Vrazov trg 2
Tel.: 317-005
AFFIL:
Medical Faculty, Ljubljana
University >.
Title
:»rof.Dr
Mrs.
ir.Med.
PERSONNEL
I.BonaS
M.Sufiec-
Wichieli jun,
M.Tomaiid
Function
research aasoc.
AP aims and actions:
Education and expert opinions on health
effects
Comments:
YU (106
Country j No.
ACD^
Type|
NAME: FAKULTET
c
0
E
Functions
^
03|04J05J11l12|l3J14
15
j Sources i Effects
21J22J 23:2^25
Controls
31 J3*
*
*
35
Remedies
/
S
Size
ZA STROJNIETVO
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEEBING
1
/
3
Status
3.7l|.
Date |
S
I
ACRONYM :
See
also . • •
ADDRESS:
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
oj.uuu xiounLio&nA
ASkerceva 16
Tel.: 25-251
AFFIL:
Ljubljana University
Prof.ii
Dr.Sci.
Mr.Sci,
Dipl.ix
Dipl.ii
+ 4
ig. L.Andree
R.PavletiS
D.Poljak
«. B.PovSe
g. P. Novak*
P, 1 NP and 1
full-time professor
assistant professor
assistant professor
assistant professor
lecturer
part-time aasoc.
AP aims and actions:
Study of emissions from motor cars and
combustion processes
Comments:
z
see also 003
-------
Ytf 10? REG// XXi/
v.o>...n/ ', No. |Type| Functions
// -iji-,'- ••.,.- zl|/JJ*-|^253l|32|33J34
Sources Effects
35 t[Xfs l| 2^5.7^. JS
Controls Remedies Size Status | Date | f
NAME: IN8TITUT "JOfcB STEFAN" ACRONYM:
"jofcs STEFAN" INSTITUTE fr,o
ADDRESS :
"61001 LJUBLJANA
Jamova 39
Tel.: 23-861
AFFIL:
Title
Mr.Sci
Dr.Sci
Dipl.i:
Prof.d
+ 4
PERSONNEL
B.Lavreniifi
. J.Eristan
ig.M.Grgic*
:. K.Lado
sechn. and 2 pa
Function
research associate
(chem eng.) senior
research officer
(physisist) research
associate
(chem. eng.)
rt time associates
AP aims and actions:
Predominantly radioactive contamination,
also other AP measurements, air filtrati
study.
Preliminary investigation into lidar
application
but
on
Comments :
YU
LOS
E'.F 01 02{pd|o4J05| 1 1 J12 j^1 14 16 1 2l|22|' 23^2531
3.7.
Country j No. Type] Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Data |
NAME: KEMIJSKI IH&TITUT BORISA KIDHI^A
ACRONYM:
•or
also
"BORIS KIDHlfc" CHEMICAL INSTITUTE
ADDRESS:
61000 LJUBLJANA
Hajdrihova 19
Tel.: 22-495
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Dr.Sci. J.FegeS
Dr.Sci. S.Skledar
Dipl.ius. B.Mejac"
Dipl.injg. M.Lindtner
techn. + 2 NP
Function
chem. eng
chem. eng
chem.}
mech.)
:j
AP aims and actions:
Analytical methods
Corrosion
Cleaning of exhaust gases
Comments:
656
-------
YU T.09 /iui^l/lElF
Country j No. [Type] Functions
Ui^j/jyfub
Sources
ill
12|13J14|1S 2l|22[2/LJ*
-------
YU
EF
No. [Typef "Functions
Country
Sourcet
Effects
Controls
Remtdie*
Site Status | Date
NAME: KAIEDRA ZA METEOBOLOGJJU PNT
ACRONYM:
METEOROLOGY DEPARTMENT
5«e
also
ADDRESS:
61000 LJUBLJANA
ASkergeva 12
FOB 311
Tel.: 22-121 ext. 284
AFFIL:
Facility of Science and Technology
Ljubljana University
Title
Dr.Sci
Dr.Sci
PERSONNEL
Z.Petkovgek
A.HoSevar
part time ass
Function
Head of department
assist, professor
aciates
AP aims and actions:
Study of air circulation in valeys and its
influence on air pollution dispersion
Comments:
-------
YU
:02
CoUntry J No. Type| Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls | Remedies T~SI*e I Stat,yf
Date
NAME: INSTITUT ZA MEDIC32JSKA ISTBA&IVMJA I MEDICIHU RADA ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AHD OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
See
also
ADDRESS :
41000 ZAGREB
MoSe Pi Jade 158
Tei.: 59-542
AFFIL :
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences
and Arts, Zagreb, and
University of Zagreb
Title
PrOf oft
Mr0Sci.
tooSci,
WroSci.
MroScic
Diploii
^Jue^
PERSONNEL
'oScioMoSarid
MoFug@Jix
R0Paukovi6
MoGentilizza
BoVildsr
.go V.Vadid
4 t«f.>inr . 1 WP
Function
director
head, Lab0Environ0Hygo
( chemo engo ) senior
research officer
(chenuengo) r©Soassoc0
(physoengo) jun0
research assoc0
(chemo) jun res.assoc.,
?rM™P.ti^ •?« ft^3^
Development anSP Verification of methods of mea-
surement, interference study
Atmospheric chemistry
Survey of AP in Zagreb, Coordination of AP mea-
surement in Croatia and training of personnel<>
Study of AP dispersion from chimneys, calcula-
tion of chimney height
Advice on AP control measures
Investigation of lead exposure levels of various
population groups» Induced health effects are
studied in collaboration with the Dept0 for
Occup.Diseases (see below) and 2030
Cbllabofating Laboratory of
the WHO International
Reference Center on AP
i
Member of a committee for AP
Control, City of Zagreb and
; of the APCA (see elso 003)
The Institute as a whole is engaged in investigations of the Health effects of
chemical and physical environmental factors and on the influence of urbaniza-
tion and industrialization on man,, (Clinical and epidemiologies! investiga-
tions, animal and in vitro experiments of acute and chronic effects, distri-
bution, metabolism and elimination of industrial poisons and radioactive ele-
ments, early signs of increased absorption of those substances $ incidence of
degenerative chronic diseases in various populations, with or without known
dust exposure; basic research and postgraduate teaching; publishes quarterly
periodical Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju (Archives of IndoHygo and
Tox)0 Out of 125 employees 53 have academic degrees0 The Institute consist of
14 units?
Laboratory for Analytical and Physical chemistry
Laboratory for Biochemistry
Laboratory, for Cellular Biology
Laboratory for Radiation Dosimetry
Laboratory for Physiology of Mineral Metabolism
Laboratory for Environmental Hygiene
Laboratory for Luminescence
Laboratory for Human Metabolism
Laboratory for Degenerative Chronic Diseases
Laboratory fpr Applied Physiology
Laboratory for Psychophyslology of Work
Laboratory for Environmental Radioactivity
Laboratory for Toxicology
Department for Occupational Diseases
Prof o
ProfoDroScio 00A0Weber
EoReiner
YoSkreb
HoCeroyac
KoKostial
MoFugaS
eber
imonovic
arid
ProfoDroScio
ProfoDroScio
ProfoDroScio
DroScio
Diplcingo
Dr»Scio
ProfoDroMedo
SoVukadinovic
SoVidaSek
VoPopovid
KoWilhelm •
ToBeritid
-------
YU
Country
20^ACDWIC1°IEIF
No. |Type[ Functions
|9f[9*|03j04|05|J/12j13|l4|l5 21J22J23J34J25
Sources
Effects
C.ontrols
NAME: ODJEL ZA HIGIJENU RADA
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
ADDRESS :
41000 ZAGREB
Rockefellerova 4
1 fll. * ^^* ^O^r ^
AFFIL:
Andrija
Health,
Stamper School of Public
Zagreb University
I Title
Prof.Di
Sci.
Dr.Sci.
Dr.Sci.
Dr.Sci.
Dr.Sci
3l|32|33J34
36 LJyfs l|/f3 6.71-. 1*.
Remedies Sii* Status Date f
ACRONYM :
set
also
PERSONNEL
i
F.Vali6
B.Svjetli5i<
Z.Skuri6
T.ZuSkin
D.Beritid
Function
director of the
School and head of
dept.
(vet.Med. ) senior
research assoc.
(chem.) assist. prof.
(MD) assist. prof.
(MD) lecturer
AH eiT-8 and actions:
S»jv*lopment of methods for air pollution
Measurement
Keelth effects of heavy metals at various
•r/vT-^-ire levels (see 202)
'=•,;?, r-?:idve dust sampling
dust diseases
Comments:
Postpraduate and undergraduate teaching
cont. Dipl.ing. M.Cigula
+ 4 P and 3 techn.
(chem.) lecturer
YU
2041
Country > No.
!A
Type]
B
ci//1F W!03!04^12!13
i A M e * *>i ' 01 oar TL^IC
1 4 J 1 0 , * 1 1 «Zj«O . ^"» ' «O
Functions [ Sources 1 Effects • Controls
3132
33
34|35
Remedies
L
M
X
Size
NAME: SLUiBA ZA SANITACIJU FIZI^KE OKOLINE
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION DEPARTMENT
1
/
3
Status
3.71
Date
• Si
1
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
41000 ZAGREB
Mirogojska costa 16
Tel.: 38-453
Title
PERSONNEL
AFFIL:
Public Health Institute of
the City of Zagreb
Dipl. iag. R. SenJ anovi6'
Dipl. ii ig. V. Soukup
Function
'(arch.) head of
the dept.
(chem.; re se arch
officer
AP aims and actions:
Measurement of deposited matter and smoke
emission in the city of Zagreb
Recommendations on AP control measures
Comments:
Member of a committee on
APC of the city of Zagfeb
660
-------
YU
Country
2P5(K?DWI 5J DJE|F|(H102|03|0»|OS
No. j Typo] Functions [ Sourcoi
^
|l2|wjl4|«|
Etfoctt
^22l*'J/<25
Controls
3l|32J33
Ramo
34
35
dies
i
H^L2>K7iL .
Si70~| Status ] Uato [
NAME: INSTITUT ZA PIZIKU ATMOSFEBE
INSTITUTE FOR ATMOSPHERIC
PHYSICS
ADDRESS:
41000 ZAGREB
Gric" 3
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences
and Arts, Zagreb
Title
Prof.Di
Sci.
Mr.Sci.
Dipl.ir
+ 1
PERSONNEL
. B.MakJanid
I.Lisac
g. A.Bratani6
techn.
sl
ACRONYM:
Sou
also
Function
director of the
Institute
(meteorologist )
(phys. )
AP aims and actions:
Measurement of precipitation acidity
Measurement of atmospheric turbidity
(intensity of solar radiation)
Meteorological measurements
Comments:
Coimlry
?r>Kt)Vfi
No (Type
Xl/|c|y|E|F I01 020304|o6|l1
Functions | Sources |
12 13
Effnc
s | Controls [
32
33
34J36IXJM
lii'S | Si/r
NAME : REPUELT.CKI HIDROMETEOROLO§KI ZAVOD SRH
INSTITUTE OP HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY OF S.R.CROATIA
ADDRESS
41000 ZAGREB
Gri6 3
Tel.: 32-121, 33-316
AFFIL
,s
i 2[XJ3 7^ s T
Stntm [ Dnte :
ACRONYM:
Sl!U
also
Title '• PERSONNEL
Dr.Scij D.Poje
j
Dipl.ii
Mr.Sci,
Mr.Sci1
Dipl.ii
Dipl . ii
^g. Z.Juriid
N.Sinik
E.Lonc'ar
ig. N.PleSko
ig. Z.Cindri6
Head
I
Function
Division of
Meteorol. investi-
gation
AP aims and actions :
Meteorological measurements
Weather forecast
Analysis of precipitation and air pollution
Rain stimulation
Comments:
Active in preparation of
technical and legislative
AP control measures
cent. Dipl.ing. G.Hrabah-Tumpa
Dipl.ing. V.Jung
661
-------
20?LND
01
0^03
05
11 121314
16
2112323124125,
135
10
Country | No. Type'
Functions
Source*
Effect*
Controls
Remedial
Stetut
Date
NAME: INSTITUT ZA ELEKTROPHIVHELU
ACRONVM:
INSTITUTE POfi ELECTRICITY
"j Title
elso
ADDRESS:
41000 ZAGREB
Proleterskih brigade 37
Tel.: 513-822
AFFIL:
PERSONNEL
Dipl.ii«. J.Lucatti
Dipl.iiig. H.Brkid
!Diplfiiig. E.PriStof
Mplviiig. V.Martinec
Dipl.iiLg. M.SaraJliJa
2 part time associate!)
Function
research advisor
advisor
research officer
specialist
and 1 HP
AP aims and actions:
Measurement and control of emissions in
combustion processes
Efficiency testing of dust collectors
Participation in proposal of legislation
Study of efficient combustion
Comments:
Active in preparation of
technical and legislatine
AP control measures
?nfipm
112
Country
No. Type
Function*
Source*
Effect*
Controls
Site
Status 1 Date
NAME: ZA70D ZA ISTRlilVAKJE I RAZ70J
DEPARTMENT FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ACRONYM:
also.
ADDRESS;
41000 Zagreb
Radicev trg 3
Tel.: 33-741
AFFIL:
Institute for Safety
PERSONNEL
T.Pilipan
B.Nadvornik
B.SJerobabs^i
Z.Gomaz
T.Atevid
V.Smol5i6
N.ZdravkoviT
Function
(chem.eng.) senior
advisor
senior advisor
, spec.in occup.med.
(mech.J
imech.1
( chem.)
( chem. eng.)
AP Bairns and actions:
Chemical analysis of air pollutants predo-
minantly in working environment
Comments:
Publishersofa monthly journal
Safety in industry
(Sigurnost u pogonu) '
Active in preparation of
technical and legislatine
AP control measures
662
-------
YU
Country
No. JType[ Functions
Sources
11
116
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
1 l/Ilii 71.
Status Date
,s T
NAME: TVOHNICA PARNIH KOTLOVA
ACRONYM:
STEAM BOILER FACTORY
ee
also
ADDRESS:
41000 ZAGREB
Zitnjak bb
Tel: 645-855/355, 354
AFFIL:
Title
ProTTd;
Dipl.ii
Dipl.ii
Dipl.ij
E."
ig.
ig.
ig.
PERSONNEL
I. Turk
A.Kostelii
I.Librid
D.Ilijafix
Function
director, Development
Service
deputy director
Development Service
Head, Division for
Standards
Head, Group for con-
struction of dust
*t,-\-\»**i*,~m
AP aims and actions:
Design and production of dust collectors
Comments :
'Active in preparation of
'technical and legislative
AP control measures
xsee also 003
cont. Dipl.ing. J.CrnJac
+ 4 techn., 4 NP and part time coworker
663
-------
a
|"N13^^
medias | Siit Status I Data
Country | No. |Type[ Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Bamedias
NAME: IN8TITUT ZA PHOCESNU TEHNIKU
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE FOR PROCESS ENGINEERING
See
also
ADDRESS-:
41001 ZAGREB
Trnjaneki nasip bb
POBox 02-305
Tel.: «
AFFIL:
Title
Itt.pl
Dipl.
Dipl.
Dipl.
Dipl.
PERSONNEL
Ulg.
llg.
iiig.
ing.
iiig.
l.Franic
B.LisiSar
L.Richter
D.Flego
T.Pali6
2 techn. and 5 NP
Function
meen.)
chem.J
chem.)
'mech.technol.)
technol.)
AP
• and actions:
of AP control devices within the
of chemical engineering process design
efficiency testing
Comments:
YU .|211JEHD|/
Country • No. I Type; Functions
Sources
Effects
2^3^51^
Controls [ Ro
medies
1 2
XI 6.
Size Status j Date
NAME: INA - PRERADA, SLU&BA RAZVOJA
ACRONYM:
OH REFINING Section, DEVELOPMENT SERVICE
See
also
ADDRESS:
41000 ZAGREB
SetaliSte Karla Manca bb
Tel.: 517-000
AFFIL: .
INA - Ihdustrija nafte Zagreb
Title • PERSONNEL
Dipl.ing. J.§irola
Dipl.ing. n.Zambeli3
Head, development
of products
research officer
Function
AP aims and actions:
Improvement of oil quality with the
reduce AP from stationary and mobile
combustion sources
to
Comments:
^Member of a Committee for
AP control, City of Zagreb
664
-------
YU
E F 010203040611 12131416 21 22 23 24]25 31 32 33 34 36
M
S T
Country
No. [Typel Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size | Status [ Date'
NAME: ZAVOD ZA ZA&TITU ZDRAVLJA PULA
ACRONYM:
PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE PULA
See
also
ADDRESS:
52000 PULA
Nazorova 6
Tel.: 21-51
Title
Dipl.
+ 1
lig
AFFIL:
PERSONNEL
B.Percan
tecbn.
Function
Tchera.)
AP aims and actions:
AP measurement in Pula (S02 and smoke) and
Fazana (HP) to start 7.1.71.
Comments:
665
-------
YU
01
2 a
Country | No. |Type| Functions
Sources
Effect*
Controls
Remedies Site [Status
Date
NAME: ZAVOD ZA MEHANlfiKU PROCESKU TEHNIKU
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE FOR MECHANICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING
ADDRESS:
71001 SARAJEVO
Omladinsko Setaligte bb
:>rof.
AFFIL:
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Sarajevo University
See
also
Title
lipl
)ipl
Dipl
Dipl
DipL
5
ing
in5
ing
in5
ins
techn
PERSONNEL
M.Krsti6*
2.Bili6
A.Kneievid
V.Pantid
B.Ilid
A.JaganJac,
i., 5 HP and '
Function
director of the
Institute
fmech.
mech.
mech.
mech.
chem.
lecturer
res.officer
res.officer
res.officer
res.officer
( l^JLLUJU. ^ J. OO. VA 0. A WVJL
part-time accociates
AP aims and actions:
Granulometric analysis
Separation of particles from aerosols
Influence of fire-place construction and
stoking technique on smoke emission
Measurement of smoke emission from various
types of stoves as a basis for legislative
control measures
Investigation and testing of dust collectors
Teaching
Comments:
see also 005
YU
C Dj E
Country i No. !Type| Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
31 32J3:
33 34 35
Remedies
t\M S
Size
1 |X 3 ft. 71
Status : Date
NAME: INSTITUT ZA HIGIJENU I SOCIJALNU MEDICINU
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE FOR HYGIENE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE
See
also
ADDRESS:
71000 SARAJEVO
KoSevska 5
Title
PERSONNEL
Tel.:
37-666
AFFIL:
Prof.Di
Dr.
Dr.
Medical Faculty
Sarajevo University
G.Zarkovid
J.Jbkid
F.Cerkez
Dipl.izg. G.Hasi6
F.BaSid
dpi. cl .em. B. Simid
tovia
Function
director of the
Institute
assist, professor
assisto professor
(chem.)
spec, in microtdol.
lecturer
lecturer
AP aims and actions:
IF, 1NP and
associates
Measuring concentration of cancerogenic sub-
stances and sulphuric acid in air
Health effects of AP
Determination of radioactive particles in air
AP measurements in working environment
666
-------
YU
BCD
01 0203104106 WhZ 13 14
26 31 32 33 34 35
Country
No. | Type | Functions
Sources
. Effect*
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status Date
NAME: ZAVOD ZA ZDR1VSTVENU ZA&PITU
ACRONYM:
PUBLIC HEALTH BJSTITUTE
See
also
ADDRESS:
71000 SARAJEVO
Vrazova 11
Tel. -.22-514
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Dipl. chem. J. Alf irovi6
Dipl.cnem.V.Lu2ar
Dipl.biol.M.Milutinov;
Dr.Med.
+ 2
A.Sefo
senior techn.
Function
6, health statisti-
cian
specialist
AP aims and actions:
Measurement of S02 and smoke in the atmosphere
of Sarajevo
Health effects of AP
Comments:
YU
01J02.03I04I05:'
14 15!21|22;
31 i32J33 34 35
•M
Country '; No. Type) Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date |
NAME: REPUBLICS! HIDROMETEOBOL06EI ZAVOD
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OP S.R. BOSNA AND
See
also
ADDRESS:
71001 SARAJEVO
Hadii loje 8
Tei.:3*-765 or 54-766
AFFIL:
Federal Service of
Meteorology and Hydrology
Title
PERSONNEL
Dipl.ing. Z.Mi6evic
Dipl.ma
Dipl.ii
Dipl.
Dipl.me
+ 6
irg
teor.K.Sofilj
,g. I.Dobrovoljic
Z.Basagic
teor.N.Jankov
Function
director of the
Institute
part-time assoc., 6 tech., and J> NP-
AP aims and actions:
Comments :
667
-------
YU |305hUNLXIBlcLP1ElH oiiKflipr^f Ii|i2|i3ji4|i6
Country ; No. [Typef Functions Sources Effects
21|]pj^j^|$M-J1|U|Xi|M|W> L
Controls ] Remedies
NAME: ZAVOD ZA ZAgTITU NA RADU '
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ESTABLISHMENT
ADDRESS:
75000 TUZLA
Husinskih rudara 571
Tel.: 53-011
AFFIL:
Institute for Mining and
Chemical Technology, Tuzla
Title
Dipl.ir
Dipl.ii
Dipl.ir
Dipl.in
+ 5
PERSONNEL
g. J.Moravek
g. A.BiScevi6
g. E.Atid
g. S.Sara2evi6
part-time asso<
U>»ls 'ML^f ^ 7fi
Size Status | Oete |
ACRONYM :
See
also
Function
assist. prof . , head of
the establishment
head of establ. for
design and thermo-
technique
fmech. ; , officer
(min. ) , officer
. and 3 techn.
AP aims and actions:
Contribution of chemical industry, combustion
processes and motor car exhausts to AP
Comments:
YU J306' RE(^ BJCjDJEJF 'oi!0203J04J05;y/12'l3J14
Country ; No. {Type Functions i Sources \ Effects
NAME: ZAVOD ZA TUBERKULOZU
INSTITUTE FOR TUBERCULOSIS
ADDRESS:
71001 SARAJEVO
Dositijeva 6
Tel.: 33-557
AFFIL':
Executive Council of S.R. Bosna
and Hercegovina
Title
15-21J22; 23:24
25
Controls
31J32J33
34
35
Remedies
L MJ/ 1 2
/5.71. A
Size Status Date ; ,
ACRONYM:
' PERSONNEL
)r.Med.
)r.Med.
+ 2
2
i
B.Tanaskovi6
A.Cado-Roubi6
med. techn. and
part-time asso
See
also
Function
chief physician,
spec. in lung diseases
spec. in lung diseases
ciates
AP aims and actions:
Investigation of AP effects on respiratory
organs
Comments:
668
-------
YU B07 AC
CDEF
|01j02[03[04}OS[ll|y|l3l14[l5,21;22i23|24;25|31|32[33|34|35|
J*
ua |
Country { No. Type| Functions [ Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Siie
Stetua | Bale
NAME: LABORATORIJ ZA FIZIOLOGIJU BILJAKA
ACRONYM:
LABORATORY OP PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
See
also
ADDRESS:
71001 SARAJEVO
ZagrebaSka 18
Tel. 39-466 and 39-467
AFFIL:
Faculty pf agriculture
University of Sarajevo
Title
PERSONNEL
MoBasovid
Dipl.iig.V.Prica
V.Vaclav
. M. Markovi6
.E.Velagic
part-time
Dipl .
Dipl.
1 P
ing
i^g
Function
head of the Laboratory
assist, professor
lecturer
(chem.)
associates and 4 NP
AP aims and actions:
Investigation of AP effect on plants
Comments:
YU
01IQ2J03
Country ; No. |Typej Functions
Sources
Effects
Comrols
Remedies
Size
1 2
1£
Status j Date ;
NAME": METALURBiil INSTITUT "HASAN BHKIC" ZENICA
ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE OP METALLURGY "HASAN BRKlC" ZENICA
See
also
ADDRESS:
72000 ZENICA
Matije Gupca "bb
Tel.: 21-989
AFFIL:
Title
PERSONNEL
Dr.SciL M.Horgas
Dipl.ijig.Z.Horgas
Dipl.l
lag. A. Juvan
Dipl.iig.J.Klicic
Dipl.i:
tig.M.Pasic
and p
Diploi:ig.M.Tomljanovi6 (chem.)
krt tine nssoc.
Function
chem.
chem.
mech.
mech.
eng. )
AP aims and actions:
AP problems in metallurgy
Comments:
669
-------
YU 4rnkUNiff/fc #E F 01 o2io3|04|Mfiirh/|i3|i4 15
Country No. |Type| Functions Sources ] Effects
21j22[2T2/r]2jrj31 1 32 33 34
36|>|M S|/[2 3 ,_91
Controls | Remedies | Site Status Date
NAME: UJSTITUT ZA HIGIJENU " ACRONYM:
INSTITUTE OP HYGIENE ai.o
ADDRESS:
11000 BEOGRAD
Dr. Subotida 5
Tel.: 25-341
AFFIL:: . .
Public Health Institute
of S.R. Srbija
Title
Dr.Med,
Dipl.ii
Mr.Sci.
Dr.Med.
PERSONNEL
S.Dordevid
«. T.BoSkovid
P.Todorovid
N.Radoman
Function
assist. prof . , head
of the Institute
( chem. ) , chief
division of AP
(MD) chief div. of
traffic med.
chief div. of urban
pathology
AP aims and actions:
Health effects of AP
Influence of traffic AP and noise on urban
environment
AP effects on plants and regeneration of
devasted areas
AP measurements and source identification
Introduction and application of nev methods of
measurement
Keeping record of AP sources in Srbija
Giving expert opinion on location of industry
Participating in legislation proposal
*
Comments:
cont. LJ.MihaJlovid, chief div. for
sanit.-biol.techn.
Dr.Med. V.Radmilovid
+ 6 techn. and 6 NP
|4021UNA X
s 31 32 33 34 35
L M
s;
Country .[ No. Typej Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size Status Date |
NAME: GHADSKI ZAVOD ZA ZDRAVSTVEErU ZA§TITU
ACRONYM:
PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE BEOGRAD
See
also
ADDRESS:
11000 BEOGRAD
29 Novembra 54-a
Tel.: 337-351 ext. 40 or 41
AFFIL:
Title
Dr.Med.
Bipl.
+ 1
irg
PERSONNEL
LJ.Perunc'i6
.R.PlavSic
technician
Function
spec, in occup.health
spec, in industr.hyg.
AP aims and actions:
AP measurement in Beograd (S02 and smoke)
Participation in AP Committee of the city
of Beograd
Reorganization in progress. Intensive studies
of AP-:.problems in the city of Belgrade to be
carried out in the near future.
Comments:
670
-------
YU
ll|l2|l3|l4|l6 21|22|23|24|25 31|32|33|34[3S
^ — 1 -*-[•* I . i _ j— 1 \
171
JT
Effects
Controls
NAME:
QTTJfiVTKTA
Functions
ZA TEHNOLOGIJU HIECLRKRHXH I DRUGIH
Remedies
Size
Status
Date
INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY OF NUCLEAB UTO OTHER MINERAL
CRONYM:
-miw?""*'
11000 BEOGRAD
Franca D»Epere-a 86
Tel.: 23-501
AFFIL:
Titl®
Dipl.ii
Dipl.ii
Dipl.ii
Diploii
PERSONNEL
\S» M«,Ka5arevi6'
igo S«,Proti6
igo SoBordQvld
Lg« RoMirkovid
Function
(chem. ) principal in-
vestigator, president
of expert committee
(mech. ) member of
expert committee
(mining.) member of
expert committee
(chem.) res. officer
AP aims and actions:
Study of dispersion and transport of aerosols
Investigation and development of methods for
studing emissions from industrial sources
Expert opinions on safety measures in
Industry
Comments:
also 003
cont. Dipl.ingo V0Vrga
4- 2 tsehtto
(chem.) research
officer
YU
E F
1/I
S T
Country
No. Type
Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date
NAME: SEKTOR ZA HIGIJENU RADA
ACRONYM:
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SECTION
iSee
also
ADDRESS:
11000 BEOGRAD
Deligradska 29
Tel.: 21-772
AFFIL:
Institute for Occupational
Medicine and Radiological
Protection of the S.R. Srbi^a
Title
DTcMed
Dr.Med
Dipl0i:
Dipl.i
PERSONNEL
D S.PopOvi6
, H.fiilivodevi
agoV0Bukni6
igoLjoJablanov
Function
spec.occup.med.
section head
6, spec.occup.med.
spec.sanit.eng.
(geol.)
AP aims and actions:
Investigation of working conditions, early dia-
gnosis and prevention of occupational diseases
Investigation of the pollution of th© total
environment "by heavy metals
Measurement of emissions from motor vehicles,
combustion, chemical and metallurgical
processes
Participation in legislation proposal
Comments •.
671
-------
YU
40
'31|32|33|34|35
1MIS
Country
No. Type] Functions
Sources
Effects
Remedies
Size
Status Date
NAME: LABORATORIJA ZA ZA&PITU OD ZRA6ENJA
ACRONYM:
LABORATORY OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
See
also
ADDRESS :
11001 BEOGRAL
FOB 522
Tel.:
621 and 725
AFFIL: -
Institute for Nuclear Sciences
"Boris KidriS" Vin5a
Subdivisions; a/ Environment,
Title
ir.aci.
tr.Sci.
3ipl.cl em
Dipl.clem
Dipl.
meteor.
Dipl.
8 techn
iig
PERSONNEL
D.FatiC
E.SmilJanid
T.Tasovac
H.Radosavljt
D.Stojanovid
. S.Mitrovid*
, 4 NP
Function
(dipl.phys.T
(dipl.phys.)
vid
(electr.) senior res.
officer
AP aims and actions:0/ nejeoroiogy ana
c/ Safety
Radiological protection and safety in nuclear
operations
Effect of meteorological and technical
factors on transport, dispersion, settment of
radioactive efluents (natural, normal, acci-
dental or from nuclear explosions) as well as
the effect on man and its environment
Participation in legislation proposals
j Comments:
see also 003
YU J405fcEGJ/
Country j No.
Type)
B
C
/I/
F
Functions
NAME: LABORATORIJA
LABORATORY
ZA
01|02X04J)^
Sources '
J^JJ14
15
Effects
21J22J^
24^
Controls
31
32
33
34
35
Remedies
L
y
S
Size
MEDICINSKU ZA§TITU INSTITUTA
FOR MEDICAL PROTECTION
OP THE INSTITUTE
1
2
X
Status
5.71.
Date |
Si
|
ACRONYM :
See
also
ADDRESS:
Vinca - 11001
FOB 522
Tel:: 440-871 ext.
BEOGRAD
AFFIL:
Institute for Nuclear Sciences
"Boris Kidrii" - Vin6a
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Dr.Med.l Z.Dukid
Dr.Med.
)ipl.ch|em
)r.Med.
M.Tradkovid
.Z.Ubovii
D.Stojanovic
9 techn. anc
head of the Labora-
tory
officer
officer
officer
3 NP
AP aims and actions:
Health effects and safety aspects of occupa-
tional, nonoccupational and experimental
radiation exposure, external or internal, body
burden, metabolism of radionuclides; diagnostic!
prevention and therapy I
Comments:
672
-------
YU |405:
BIC D E
Country j No. lTypa_[_ Functions
01 02i03{04ip^|ll{l2 13J14 16 21 ^ 23 24J25 31 323^3435,
Sources
"H33J
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date
.,-- _ rMlU.L4VU.Urid U
NAME: QDELENJE 2A REAKTO:
uJUi.TlVJJ(IH IZOTOPA
TTemnV
TT
UKPAHTHKHT i>'05 PHOBUCglOU 6F BAJIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and
TIKPARTMENT ffOR TSYPBRIMBJTAL REACMR TBOmTiailE
ADDRESS: Title ^PE
ACRONYM:
See
also
ADDRESS:
11001 BEOGRAD
POB 522
Tel.-. 440-871 ext. 68J and 490
:RSONNEL
)r.Sci. O.Jovanovio
Kovacevic
Dipl.chjem.B.Rados avl j el vi c
AFFIL:
Institute for Nuclear Sciences
"Boris Kidric" Vinca
Dipl.inlg. S.Zivkovic
)ipl.ing. K.Mihadlovic
Dipl.ing. O.Nesic
Function
(chem.eng.) research
assoc.
senior research
officer
fmech.) res.officer
(electr.) senior
research officer
(metall.) Jun, res.
AP aims and actions:
•cecnn., d
^Comments:
Testing the efficiency of filtering materials
by means of NaCl aerosol
Generation and granulometric analysis of
aerosols
\ !40^R^AiXciXEiF^lP«X9^^12!13>
gtlfyfi
Country j No. iType] Functions | Sources ' Effects
NAME
«HE
: ZAJEDNICA ZAVODA ZA ZA&TITU NA
ASSOC.OF THE INSTITUTES FOR LABQfl
ADDRESS:
18000 NIS
Vozdova 11
Tel.: 21-160
AFFIL :
trtmtowwm*
Controls | Remedies | Size
RADU
PROTECTION
Title i
Dipl
Dipl
Dipl
Dipl
Dipl
Dipl
+
• ill
•!'
•¥
.11
.it
.ir
5
ks.
«.
«•
«•
*.
«.
p
PERSONNEL
R.MihaJlovii
M.Drezgic
T.Petkovic
D. Jovanovic
B.Nikolid
V. Joksimovi<
and 8 techn.
1j
2L^1x n
Status jflale
ACRONYM:
l]
T
See
also
Function
as
mech.
mech.
mech.
mech.
chem.
physic
sist.
sist)
AP aims and actions:
Engaged in all activities concerning occupatio-
nal safety, covering also some AP control
problems, within Serbia and Bosnia
Taking part in undergraduate education
Comments:
673
-------
YU
|t-07;JMUl|AlBlcIXl
I No." Type I Function
E F 01 02
030405 vrh 2
K
13 14
15
2J23JXJ2
21 22|23|24l25 31 32 33 34 35 I
S T
Country
Sources
Effects
Controls
Remedies
Size
Status Date
NAME: ZAVOD ZA HIGIJENU I MEDICINU RADA
ACRONYM:
DEPARTMENT FOR HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE
ADDRESS:
21000 NOVI SAD
AFFIL :
Public Health Institute of
Novi Sad
See
also
Title
Dr.Med.
PERSONNEL
M.Mihajlovic
)ipl.ing. R.Sayic
Dipl.Chem. D.Bulizibarjic, spec.in biochem.
+ 1 senior techn.
Function
AP aims and actions:
Discontinuous measurement of AP
(dustfall, S02 and smoke) in Novi Sad.
Regular survey starting from 7»1«?1.
Comments:
YU
Country iNo.
Type I Functions
141521
Effects I Controls
Remedies
Size
Status
Date |
NAMEJNST1-TUT ZA HIGIJENU, EPIDEMIOLOGIJU I MIKROBIOLOGIJU
INSTITUTE FOR HYGIENE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
ADDRESS:
18000 NIB
Bra6e Taskovica 50
Tel.: 31-322
AFFIL:
Medical Faculty, Nis
I
ACRONYM:
See
also
Function
_ Title I PERSONNEL
Dr.Medt Z.Jevtic
Dr.Medj. Z.Kostic
Dipl.Chem. D.Simovic
Dipl.iig. S.Ljubisavlljevic, consultant for
senior techn.
techn.
assist.prof.
lecturer
and
town planning
AP aims and actions:
Investigation of health effects and
AP measurements (dustfall, S02, smoke,
analysis of exhaust gases and noise)
Comments:
674
-------
X -. 1
Jul 71
V. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
International organizations concerned with air quality conservation
fall into three basic categories:
1. Specialized agencies of the United Nations;
2. Bodies set up by regional groups of governments;
3. Nongovernmental bodies.
In all these organizations, the air management activities are generally
only a part of broader programs, often directed toward the solution of
social or general environmental problems.
The Economic Commission tor Europe (KCK) is a regional commission of
the United Nations. Its mandate embraces economic development and trade
(it differs from the Orpanization for Economic Cooperation and Development
in having membership from both eastern and western F.urope) . The ECE is
primarily concerned with problems of trade, but it has also developed
control measures for vehicle emissions as well as beginning a study of
the problems of coordinating construction standards. In addition, it has
made economic studies on the cost and benefit of air pollution control
techniques and on economic losses resulting from pollution. The ECE Council
set up a Working Party on Air Pollution in 1968 to review trends, develop- X.013
ments and government policies, to investigate air pollution control and the
amelioration of problems, and to promote information exchanges.
This Working Party has analyzed current problems in member countries,
based on replies to questionnaires. Principal sources of air pollution
have been listed, together wilh recognized effects and estimates of the
economic consequences. Recommendations for ECE action have still to be
formulated. Areas of greatest concern, however, appear to be:
1. Problems associated with the desulfurization of fuels;
675
-------
2. The economic impact of both emissions and the control
of emissions;
3. The effects of pollution on vegetation, materials and
people; and
4. The development of methodology to assess air pollution
in economic terms.
Another important group in ECE is Working Party 29 of the Inland
Transport Committee. This group prepared the model regulations for the X.011
control of vehicle emissions which have been adopted as standard by all
the EEC ("Common Market") countries.
Both the Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences Chapters of UNESCO X.007
have projects to combat environmental pollution. Following the recommen-
dations of the 1968 Biosphere Conference, which examined the use and con-
servation of resources of the biosphere on a scientific basis, the Natural
Sciences Chapter is preparing a long-term intergovernmental and interdis-
ciplinary program on such use of the natural environment. The Social
Sciences Chapter project, which will provide one of the major themes of
UNESCO's future program, is the launching of a 10-year activity entitled
"Man and his Environment - Design for Living."
The World Health Organization and the World Meteorological Organization X.008
X 009
are concerned with health and meteorological aspects of environmental pol-
lution. Both have special committees for air pollution problems.
Among regional governmental groupings, the Council of Europe has a
dual role—as an international forum for parliamentarians and as a promoter
of programs that (like those for the ECE) relate to administrative and
legal issues. Its European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources aims to secure international conventions to protect the X.001
environment. It promoted the European Conservation Conference in 1970.
The Council of Europe's Committee of Experts on Air Pollution examines X.002
air pollution issues, submits recommendations to governments on standards,
-------
international problems, and national policies. Its draft Declaration of
Principles on Air Pollution Control was approved by the Committee of Min-
isters in 1968 on behalf of all member governments.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has
a mandate to promote economic development. Its members are 19 'Western'
European countries, together with Canada, Japan and the United States.
The OECD Environmental Committee is responsible for a wide range of studies X.003
in the environmental area. Its Air Management Sector Group is responsible X.004
for coordinating air pollution research, including work by two Ad-hoc
Groups. It also supervises the work of the Joint Group on Air Pollution X.005
from Fuel Combustion, which is currently preparing a study of emissions
from stationary sources from reports prepared by member governments. In
recent years, the OECD, always concerned with the economic aspects of
potential government actions, has been less involved in the actual coordin-
ation of scientific research and development. It has concentrated more on
the scientific information that governments need in order to reach policy
decisions, and it deals increasingly with the economic implications of
environment management, not just pollution.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), through its Committee
on the Challenges of Modern Society, is now concerned with practical im- X.005
provements to create a better environment for society.
The Commission of the European Communities, which includes the European
Economic Community (EEC), has set up a working party (Politique de la
Recherche Scientifique et Technique) to make recommendations for cooperative X.016
action in several sectors, with possible participation by non-EEC countries.
One such proposal, entitled Nuisances, concerns air pollution from sulfur
compounds, biological indicators for pollutants, and emissions from motor
vehicles and domestic appliances. The 5-year Plan for the Community's
research centers provides for work on pollution problems.
Also established under an initiative from the Commission of the
European Communities is COST, the organization for European Cooperation X.017
677
-------
X - 4
Jul 71
Ln Scientific and Technical Research. This body is undertaking technical
studies of such problems as fuel desulfurization processes. Accordingly,
it provides a technical complement to the economic work of the OECD Joint
Sroup on Air Pollution. X.005
Nordforsk, the Scandinavian organization for technical scientific X.018
research, operates under the guidance of the Nordic Council. This organ-
ization provides a forum for cooperation in a wide variety of research
activities, including pollution control.
Another technically oriented group, the International Meteorological X.010
Institute at Stockholm, has long experience in the collation of European
meteorological and other data related to air pollution; a network of back-
ground stations throughout Europe provides the data, published in 'Tellus.'
A. report describing changes in pH of rainfall over Scandinavia over a
period of years was published in 1967.
An international biological program has been established by the
International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) in collaboration with X.021
UNESCO. ICSU has recently set up a Special Committee on Problems of the
Environment to examine the environmental aspects of the biological program
in greater detail.
The major oil companies in Western Europe have established a coordinating
group, Stichting CONCAWE, in the Hague to handle information on environmental X.022
problems and to promote studies in members' laboratories and at other re-
search centers. An extensive bibliography is maintained, and specialist
reports issued from time to time. The automobile manufacturers are similarly
represented in BPICA (Bureau Permanent International des Constructeurs X.025
d'Automobiles).
Both the oil and car industries are represented on CEC (the Coordinating X.026
European Council for the Development of Performance Tests for Lubricants and
Engine Fuels). This body prepares technico-economic studies of such problems
as the reduction of vehicle emissions, as well as developing suitable test
-------
procedures. Its views, presented through BPICA to the ECE Transport X.025
Committee, were used in the preparation of the ECE regulations on vehicle X.011
emissions.
The International Union of Air Pollution Prevention Associations X.023
was set up in 1964 to provide a coordinating center for national clean air
societies throughout the world. As the principal nongovernmental body
specifically concerned with air pollution, it is designed to provide a
focal point for national bodies of this type and so to present a world-
wide view of public opinions regarding air quality conservation.
679
-------
APPENDIX
LISTS OF COUNTRIES ADHERENT TO
VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Council of Europe, Strasbourg
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany (3RD)
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
UN Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Byelorussian SSR
Cyprus
Czechoslavakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany (BRD)
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukrainian SSR
USSR
United Kingdom
United States
Yugoslavia
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany (BRD)
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United.States
*Australia
*Yugoslavia
Special status.
S8C
-------
X - 7
Jul 71
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Brussels
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
France
*Germany (BRD)
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
*Turkey
United Kingdom
*United States
Undertaking survey of air pollution.
European Economic Community, Brussels
Belgium
France
Germany (BRD)
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Also 36 Associated States, Departments and Territories.
Applications for full membership pending for Denmark, Ireland, Norway,
United Kingdom.
European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical Research, Brussels
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany (BRD)
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Nordic Council - Nordforsk, Stockholm
Denmark
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
681
-------
X ooi
Country ' No.
A] rflcl D| EJF (oil 02| 03 04 06 11
\r\ 1 1 1 1 1
12jl3|)4J16
Typ6 Functions | Sources Effects
21J22J2324253l|32|33|34|35J/|M SJ /| 2 3 5«70 j SJ T
Controls Remedies | Size | Status Date ' f
NAME: COUNCIL OF EUROPE ACRONYM:
Cttee. for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources s,ea X.002
ADDRESS: Place LenStre,
F-67 STRASBOURG.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Title
Mr.
Mr.
PERSONNEL Function
R. E. Boote
K. F. Wentzel
Chairman (MERC - GB.O}1)
liaison with Cttee of Expert
(X.002).
AP aims and actions:
To promote international conventions to protect the !
environment - including pollution problems. |
Promoted European Conservation Year 1970, and the assoc-
iated European Conservation Conference.
| Comments :
AP research is the responsibi1Jty of
the Cttee of Experts (X.002).
X.001 Council of F.urooe, Conservation Cttee.
H.70
X i002 ! !A ^flj? 0 EJF .01J0203.(WJ05|11
Cou'ntry ; No. Type| Functions ; Sources
12|l3 14[l5J31J22i23[24[25 31 i32 33 34
Effects Controls Remedies
35Jy|MJS /J2 3 4.7! ISj J
\ Size Status Data j
NAME: COUNCIL OF EUROPE ACRONYM:
Committee of Experts on Air Pollution ^ X.001
ADDRESS: Place Lenotre.
F-67 STRASBOURG.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Title PERSONNEL
Prof. A. Roussel
+ representatives of '.
Function
chairman
7 European nations.
AP aims and actions:
Examines air pollution issues with a view to drafting
recommendations to governments on standards, inter-
national problems, and national policies. j
Has agreed a 5-yr plan for j international cooperation in j
environmental management. j
Has classified and listed major sosiroi-s of AP. I
Comments :
I
X.002 Council of Europe, Committee of Experts on AP
4.71
-------
x |003| |AMc|D|E|FJ94Ha|HHH"l»i4^
Country j No. |Typ'e| -Functions j Sources | Effects
2122J23|24|25J3/|3>|#|34
3SX|M S X|2 3 7.71 S /
Controls ) Remedies Size Status Date j'
NAME: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACRONYM: OECD
Environmental Committee ^ X.004 X.005
ADDRESS: Environmental Directorate,
2 rue Andre Pascal,
F-75 PARIS 16. '
Tel.: 524.82.00
Governments of 2J5 countries.
Title ' PERSONNEL
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Christian Herter
Frederic Walthard
Hiromichl Miyazak:
Olivier Manet
Gunnar Seidenfadeq
C. A. Cochrane
J. A. Haines
Function
— - ......
US chairman
CH
. J
F
i DK
•. Secretariat
AP aims and actions :
Comments:
To study the problems connected with the preservation A i Set up 7-70 (to replace Cttee. for
improvement of the environment, including the economic, Research Cooperation).
and commercial implications, and to suggest solutions.; Coordinates work of Air Management
To examine the actions and proposals of member countries!. Sector Group (X.OOA) and Joint Op.
To suggest how research results can be effectively used. on AP from Fuel Combustion (X.005).
X.003 OECD Environmental Committee
X '004 '/
-------
Jf |005 |A|*|C
DJ Ej F .|oiJqd|o3JO«[M|llll2 13|l4|lX|2l|22|23J24|25|aX|3>M3XMX| MJsM 2 [sj? . 7_lj_ 1 SJ X
Country | No. Type| Functions | Sources | Effects | Controls ] Remedies | Size | Status | Date ] j-
NAME: OECD .Joint Group on AP from Fuel Combustion ACRONYM:
also X.003
ADDRESS: Environmental. Directorate,
2 rue Andre Pascal,
F-75 PARTS 16.
Tel.: 52l.fi?. 00
AFFIL: OFCD Environmental Committee
( X . 00}) .
Title PERSONNEL Function
Mr.
Mr.
r
C. A. Cochrane
J. A. Haines
! secretariat
AP aims and actions:
Comments:
To investigate the effects of economic prowth on energy ! Set up ').70 with the participation of
demands and the effects on pollution.
To examine the technical, fiscal and economic options
open to industry for the abatement of pollution.
the Knergy Cttee, the Special Cttee
for Oil, and the Cttee for Research
Coop'n (now the Envtl Cttee X.OO?).
Has prepared study of emissions from stationary sources. Ts to report to member govts by mid-
72 on possible programmes for act-
ion against AP.
X.005 OECD Joint Group on
}.' ' |006 | XJ^JC #j EJF ,OV02|03:04 05Jy(
Country , No. |Type| Functions | Sources \
AP from Fu
1 1 '
1» 1 5 1 2 1
Effects !
5! Combustion
22;23|24253l[3233|34!35
Controls Remedies
NAME: NATO COMMITTEE ON THE CHALLENGES OF MODF.RN SOCTFTY
ADDRESS: Scientific Affairs Division,
OT AN / NATO,
nnnqorrT O 1 1 nn
Title
Dr . r;
./.I1!?.]/!2 3
Size ] Status
7-71
a. 71! _..
Date |
Sl7.
ACRONYM: CCMS
See
also
PERSONNEL Function
Kovach 'secretariat contact
Belgium.
Tel.: .41.00.'10
AFFIL:
NATO
AP aims and actions:
To make internationally available all current knowledge
of pollution criteria and control.
To establish Pilot Studies undertaken by one or more
countries into specific aspects of pollution. |
To form action-orientated groups rather than research or1
administrative bodies, so that prompt action may be i
taken to correct adverse situations. I
Organises conferences on spec.ific aspects of envtl pollnJ
Comments:
Founded in 1969.
Pilot study of ambient air pollution
set up by Germany, Turkey and USA
(see also D.355). t " '
X.006 CCMS (NATO)
8.71
684
-------
X
Country
NAME:
007 XJX|C D E F 01 02030405 1^|l/*!l3|lX|l5|21J22J23|24|25 31J32 33|34
35 /|M slv 2 3 7.71 (sir
No. Type Functions Sources Effects j Controls Remedies Size | Status Date j"
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC & CULTURAL ORGANTS'N ACRONYM: UNESCO
; See
also
ADDRESS
Tel.:
AFFIL:"
7 Place de Fontenoy,
F-75 PARIS 7-
566. 37-57
United Nations
Title
PERSONNEL Function
"" " """"
......
AP aims and actions :
Comments:
Promotion of a long-term inter-governmental and inter- Directed by an international coordin-
disciplinary programme: 'Man and His Environment' • ating council.
based on the conservation and rational use of the bio-'Cooperates with other UN agencies (eg
sphere. Involves studies of various environmental j FAO, WHO, WMO...).
problems, such as pesticides, heavy metals and other
pollutants on animals and vegetation.
X.007 UNESCO
X !00fl A ^jcloj E jF !oi!o2:03i04J05JlX[l2'l3!l4|l5l21j22 23 24!25'3l'3233J34
7-71
35 / MJS ilz'h 7.71 7.7ljs) T
Country ; No Type) Functions ] Sources ' Effects Controls Remedies Size Status Dote j ,
NAME: WORLD HEAL'Ml ORGANISATION, Divn of Environmental Jloalth ACRONYM: WHO
Expert Advisory Panel on Air Pollution See
ADDRESS: Avenue Appia,
CH-1211 GENEVA.
Tel. 3^.60.61
AFFIL: United Nations
Title PERSONNEL
;
Dr. R. Pavanello
Mr. G. Ponghis
Dr. K. Bouchtoueva
i
Function
secretary
AP aims and actions: Comments:
International monitoring network set up 12.70 to deter-
, mine worldwide background levels of S02 & particulates].
Centres in London and Washington; regional centres in
Moscow, Nagpur & Tokyo; 20 laboratories. Monitoring
to be extended to pollutants of local significance.
Prepares monographs on measuring methods. j
Undertakes research into the nature and health effects i
of AP through long-term studies. !
Gives assistance to individual countries initiating nat-1
.ional surveys of AP etc.
X.008 W II 0 Expert Advisory Panel on AP
7-71
685
-------
X J009
Country • No.
j^/l^l C | D | E | F 010203040511
12 13 1415
Type] Functions Sources Effects
21 22J23J^|^5'|3l|32|33l34
Controls j Remedies
HIM?!1!*!!!!'701 jslT
| Size [status ] Date | j'
NAME: WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION ACRONYM: WMO
Wkg. Gp. on Atmospheric Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry See
ADDRESS: 41 ave Giuseppe Motta,
CH-12.. GENEVE.
Te|. 34.64.00
AFF.L: IJpj
ted Nations
Title [ PERSONNEL Function
Dr.
F. H. Schmidt
W.M.O. Parakanov
H.W. Kronebach
chairman
WMO Secretariat
n ii
AP aims and actions:
To discuss meteorological problems associated with AP
and to recommend programmes of research to members of
WMO (eg. setting up a network of geophysical stations
to determine trends in global pollution and to compile
information on AP climatology).
Comments:
X.009 WMO,
X jOiO'ACD;/|^|c D E
C-Jntry | No. |Type| Functions
Wkg. Gp. pn.AJ3
IF '01 02|o3i04i05 11
J. .,.. J i — i r
Sources \
and Atrr
12|13 14H5
" Effects
os. Chem. 5.70
21J22J23J2^I^ 3l!32J33 34J35JXI M SJ /[ 2 3 |l-f. 6^1 ! S' f
Controls Remedies ] Size (Status | Date i i
NAME: INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL Tf!STTTT"T
ADDRESS: Tulegatan 41,
Tel: (08) 34.08.60
AFFIL: WMO ( X.009).
Title
Prof.
Dr.
Dr.
Dr.
Civ. Ing
Kern. Tng
Dr.
PERSONNEL
B. Bolin
E. Eriksson
G. Witt
B. DDDS
G. Walin
L. Granath
L. Lundgren
W. Bischof
ACRONYM :
See x . OOQ
also
Function
director, & Dynamic Met.dJv.
Atmos. Chem. division.
Upper Air Physics division.
Dynamic Meteorology division
Hydrodynamics division.
assistant to Dr. Eriksson.
aircraft sampling.
C02 measurements.
AP aims and actions:
Coordination and collation of air and rainfall analyses |
throughout Europe for >10yr, in close cooperation with!
national met. insts. and WMO (who recommend continuat-i
ion to assess background pollution levels). i
Beginning compilation af air trajectories; plan sampling1
from light planes (cf. NTLU.N.004) for pollutant transj-
port studies. Several years measuring COg from com-
mercial planes (support from S. Nat. Sci. Res. Ccl. at
S.Kr.15 000/yr -S.006). :
Upper Air Phys. div. developing scattering techniques for
relationship of AP to noctilucerit clouds. i
Comments:
Admin, by Stockholm Univ. but has
own Board for programming. 15yr?.'
Financed by S Naturvardsverk (S.002)
S.Kr.270 000/yr (+ Kr.80 000 for
foreign scholars).
Publishes widely, esp. in 'Tellus1
(Q'ly, ed. Prof. Bolin; S. Phys.
Soc.).
X.010
International Meteorological Institute
11.69
686
-------
x joiil !/]/J£ D '
.Country | No. |Type| Functions
-. f k><|02 03 04J05J1l[l2|l3 14J15|^J22J23J24 25 31 132 33 34
| Sources j Effects Controls Remedies
3_51/1^S1/1_213J.5.-.70] ._|?L1
| .Size (Status 1 Date ] , •
NAME: ECONOMIC COMM~GSTON FOR EUROPE, Inland Transport Ottee. ACRONYM: ^.E
Working Tarty on Hoad ' 'ransport *f*0
ADDRESS: Palais dec Nations,
CH-1211 GENEVE.
Tel. :
AFFIL: United Nations
Title PERSONNEL
Dr. A. Osselet
I
Function
ehaJrman
!•
AP aims and actions : j Comments :
To investigate pollution contra"! and problems of ameliorf lias prepared standards for the
ation for road vehicier;. ' measurement and control of voh-
To promote information rxchan^es on those problems. ' loin emissions as recommendations
to menber governments.
X.011 E C E , V.'orkinp I'arL
V ,015 Ai^jC DiEiF 0102103040511
Country No. |Type Functions . Sources
y on Hoad Transpor
Effects Controls
NAME: ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE, Steel Committee
1.
Re
medies
XMJSM
Size 1 St
Op. of Experts on A ft WP in the Iron and Steel Industry
ADDRESS: Palais den Nations,
CH-1211 GENEVE.
S.70
y|3 ; /i 7V , cj -t
?l J. 4 --I 1--
atus | Date ; t
ACRONYM: E C E ''
See
also
Title PERSONNEL Function
Dr. A, Napvie.j-.-w secretary ( ECE Secretariat)
Tel.: __
"AFRL:
United Nations
AP aims and actions:
Has reviewed methods of treatment of pollution problems
in the iron and steel industry in Europe.
Comments :
X.012 E C E, Steel Committee
4.71
687
-------
'013
CoOhlry | No.
Type
c[p| E|F |01J 02|03|
nctions | Sourc
0406 1l
Functions
Sources
Effects
Controls
31 3233:
Remedies Size
Status] Date
f
NAME:
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
Environment and Housing Division : Wkg Party on AP Problems
ADDRESS: Palais des Nations,
CH-1211 GENEVE 10.
Tel.:
AFFIL:
United Nations.
ACRONYM: E C E
See
also
_Title_
Mr.
PERSONNEL
A. Pichler-Stainem Secretariat-contact.
Function
AP aims and actions : |
To review trends, developments and government policies, '
to investigate air pollution control and amelioration ;
problems, and to promote information exchanges.
Undertakes cooperative studies and organises seminars on
particular AP problems, eg. the technology and econom-
ics of the desulphurisation of fuels and combustion >
gases.
Identifies major sources of AP, their effects, and the
appropriate adminstrative control arrangements.
Comments :
Set up In 1968.
H?.-.s responsibility for implementing;
the comprehensive ECE programme on
AP control.
X.O13 ECE, Envt & Hsg Div., Wkg Party on AT Problems
7.71
Country' i No. jType' Functions i Sources
Effects
.
Controls
Remedies | Size [ Status | Date i
! S
NAME:
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
Politique de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique
ACRONYM: EEC -'PREST1
See
also
ADDRESS: } Boulevard de 1'Empereur,
BRUSSELS,
Belgium.
Title PERSONNEL
Mr. Pierre Aigrain
Function
;chairman
Tel:
AFFIL: 'Common Market1.
AP aims and actions:
Recommends areas for cooperative research, including
proposals for the abatement of air pollution from
sulphur compounds, biological indicators for pollut-
ants, and emissions from motor vehicles and domestic j
appliances. j.
Develops plans for joint scientific projects of all j
types, incl. data processing, new transportation, &c. I
| Comments:
Often known as the 'Aigrain Cttee'.
Reports to the Economic Policy Cttee
of the Commission of European Com-
munities.
X.016 EEC 'PREST1 (Aigrain Cttee).
7 71
688
-------
Coilntry'
JoiTJGOVk[ff[c D|E |F bi|o2Jo3
" .[ No; .[TypeJ . Funcrionay | , Squclj
Remedies,.
SJia. .'|Statu9,,pflte
NAME: -EuroPEAN:COOPERATION IN
-i-t, ' ' *"
FTC. AND TECTCAL%SEABV:n
Sba
ADDRESS: 2J ave. de la .ioyunso ' Ki
Tel.:
"AFFIL-.
Commission of the European-.' ••
Comrnuni L.i es, Environmental
Division of the fu.'nrral
Directorate for Industry^ ...,
Title _
Mr*
Mr.
PERSONNEL
•A...KIosi;
Aniav i :•
I'epreseanLati
.
BXuroBean KovernmeniJfl.
Comments :
AP aims and actions:
Undertakes Joint study of the teuriftical prohfeks In par- Kst.abl Islied .;by an Etc virtJtiativc--for
ticular areas of concern, in. air. (.and water.JJ,:pollution, i wider European cooperai.i of. ln:«,c.I.
ie. desulphurisation-processes, ^nd^the phyJQ'cfb^-hhfem-.. :• .ind technology. ., Opera'tes through '
ical behaviour of sulphur dloxidtif !':'...Ct£idy hroups.
X.017 COS T' . _ A .,.-;.. .....
Country , No. j Type; Functions* Is Sources?;- ^' 'Effects ,.' v
NAME: NORDFORSK; KomHuen fttrj^ft&rd
. ' ^:-
._ Controls j 1 Remedies
Nordic Research .Connci 1 ,$fCtA.$£ '..for ifrir O.Onserv&riuy . ,/.
ADDRESS: .Lonnrot,sgat..-nri '',!,- ]
HELSINKI;, 18.' i
1 V' t
Tel.:
AFFIL:
Dr. PiK
JDr.Phil
Dr.
Dr. '.
lyrasjel
,
PERSQ.ft!jEL
Nils.MustelJn ; t'
Knud Hansten '-t |D
'. cfiran p'eijjsjiSon • S
i
7.71
Si/c 1 Status [ Date
ACRONYM:
^ee
also
Funptibh ''*''
3chnieal secretary
< (Dansk Keaelforenini.':)
F ( Tnd. Hygl Inst.)
(N T.L -U) |
( Na turvflrdsverk> f )
AP aims and actions :
To inform and prepar^aScommon apprba'ch on prdblems;|(^f'.
AP, by identifying pollutants and the damage 't'hey.-d?b,
and by defining what can.be done to reduce. ?indss1 on&*.'
and achieve bet-ter dispersion. ;,'; ' ' - ,. . .; ..v'1
Has published 'MilJovards-utredning' •^Environmental c'o'h-
servation Outline).. •• .' .-:
nments :
l, not political body.
•'
't o'^rthe .Nordfc^asK-secretariat
is -located, in 'Pt
X.018 Nordforek, Korniteefefor Luftvfird'" •'
689
-------
Country' , No. |Type| Functions
Ol[o2[p^04[o5[ll[l2[l3|l4|l5[21|22|23|24J25[31
Sources Effects , Controls | Remedies
Size
s| 1 1/[ 3_|
] Status ~f
5.?0
Data
;s; T
NAME: EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Working Party on AP
i ACRONYM: E F 0 E
See
also
ADDRESS: The Tnst. of Chem. Enprs,
16 Belgrave Square,
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Tel.:
AFFIlT
LONDON SW 1.
•
(_qi) 235,2641
Mr. . F. K. Ireland
Dr. ID. Gall
1
chai rrnan
Sboretary
AP aims and actions
To identify and examine AP problems arising from chem-
, ical process industries. !
To study available means of controlling emissions of
noxious or offensive const! turtits present in exhaust
pases from such processes.
Prepared list (1968) of organisations working on AP pro-,
lems in Europe.
Comments :
X.020 European Federal, ion of Chc.-rnical Krir. i nef-rl :i^
•021 iASN AJB C'D^iF .Ol!o2|0304|05;il|l2ll3l14ll5l21|2223|24l25.31 32[33J34J35
Country' No. ifype! Functions ; Sources Effects ; Controls Remedies
•V70
L'MJ s ij 2|3iC .7fV
Sizu
/
Status Date
NAME: INTERNATIONAL COimOTT, OF SCIENTIFIC IJNTOHS_
Special Cttee on Problems of the Environment
ADDRESS: '/' via Cornelio Celso,
1-00161 ROMA.
Tel.:
862.555
AFFIL:
ACRONYM •
T 0
See
also
Title PERSONNEL
Mr. " F.W.r,. ~Bak..-r
Function
Executive Secretary
AP aims and actions:
To consider those problems of the environment towards
the solution of which the scientific competence rep-
resented by the rcSU can be effectively applied.
j Comments:
: Cooperates with l/NKSCf'
X.021
International Council of Scientific Unions
6.70
690
-------
X |023
Country ' j No.
fypef Fi
NAME: INTERNAT'L
jnc
D j E 1 tf C
lions
UNION OP
11 02J03 04J05 1l[l2
Sources Ef
13|l/|l6
lects
21 22
23J24|253l|32|3334
36|X|M|S
Controls Remedies | Size
1[^l3l7.-7l _ js|/
Status [ Onto (
AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION ASSOCIATIONS ACRONYM : T U A P P A ,
ADDRESS: via:
D-4000 DflSSELDOKF,
•: Graf-Recke Strasse 84.
Tel,. (0211) 621'll
AFFIL: National associations for AP
control .
Tide
Min.Dir,
Dip.IngH
See
also
PERSONNEL
H. Stephany
J. KrHmer
Function
President ) lg ^
Secretary )
AP aims and actions: I Comments:
To promote collaboration and the exchange of information, Membership limited to one represent
on AT and other environmental problems. To organise ! ative body from each country.
international congresses. '
To encourage relationships on environmental problems
,with other international organisations.
Cojritry'
X.023
•022'ASM
, No. jType,
I U A P r A
D | E | r/ jrf '
Functions
03 04|
Sources
Effects
21J 22 23; 241 2^, 3/ 3^| 3^1 34J 35| Ujr/l S. 1 j
Controls | Remedies ] Size J Status | Date
7.71
37. 71
- \~
NAME: Stichting.CONCAWE »
Oil Industry Study ^p. /'or Clean Air and Wat«r in W. Europe
ADDRESS: President Kennedy laan 21,
ACRONYM: CONCAWE *
See
also
Title PERSONNEL Function
Tel.:
"AFFIL:""
's-GRAVENHAGE 210?.
The Netherlands.
(070) 32.17^3
most oil co's in W. Europe.
Mr.
Dr.
Mr-.
E.H.llubbard
P.C.Blokkc.'T
W.C. Hopper
gen. secretary
I tech. secretary
•development engineer
AP aims and actions:
: Comments:
Study, recommendations and orcanisation of joint researcp Set up by major oil refining co's
by and for its members. as an international study group
Collection and organisation of information pertaining to;
:the pollution potential of oil transportation, refin-
ing and marketing operations. .
Support of selected (mainly university) research. •
for the conservation of Clean
Air and Water in W. Europe.
Operates through WGs of experts
from member companies.
X.022. StJchting COMCAWE
7.71
691
-------
p E|F [pi o:
Country , No. |Type| Functions | Somces
Effects
21J22J23J24|25
Controls
31
Heoiudies
Site I Status | Dale
CONSEIL_DES_PEDEnATTONS TNDUSTRIELLES
Council of European Industrial Federations
ADDRESS: 31 ave. Pierre ler de Serbie,
. 15 PARIS 16.
Tel.:
AFFIL.
553.67-30
26 industrial federations in
17 European countries.
ACRONYM: C T P F
See
Title _[ PERSONNEL
M. iRen6 Arnaud
Dr.Jur.;W. Gfissler
• Function
!
secretary
ichairrmin of AP WCJ
AP aims and actions:
Comments :
To maintain contact between the various industrial fed- 'Operates through i;<,neral t;our,i;Jl ,-,'nd
erations'in Europe; to give the opinion of industry
to all governmental or quasi-governmental bodies; to
evolve a joint opinion of European industrialists on
problems of common Interest.
W(Js ("Hound Table.1';') for various
topics, including AP and WP.
AP WG meets approx. twice a year.
Mi'iribershJ p through riat'l associations.
Conseil des !''6(3^rati ons Industriellos d'l-Xiropc
. . . . _. .—. . -- • • -— . .
Country | No. |Type| Functions | Sources j Effects : Controls | Remedies | Size
S,
Status I Date : .
NAME: BUREAU PERMANENT TNTERNAT'L DES CONSTRUCTEURS D'AtrTOMORTLES
ADDRESS: 66 rue la Beetle,
E-75-.PARIS 8.
Title
ACRONYM; HPT C A
See
nlso
PERSONNEL
Function
Tel:
AFFIL:
225.10. ID
National automobile manufact-
urers' associations in lrj
countries world-wido.
AP aims and actions :
To represent the industry in all international activity.
To arrange conferences and exhibitions.
To organise .joint study and research on technical prob-
. lems (eg. exhaust emission reduction).
Comments:
X.025
B P I C A
7.7J
692
-------
NAME: COORDINATING EUROPEAN COUNCIL...LUBRICANTS AND FUELS... *
ADDRESS: 6l New Cavendish Street,
GB- LONDON W.I.
Tel.:
(01) 580.5583
ACRONYM: C E C
See
olso
Title
Dr.
PERSONNEL
Function
:R. M. Jublot 'president
:H. G. Wenderoth jvice-president
iW. Fbrster |cnmn of Fuels' Cttee.
AFFIL: Automobile industry, petroleum
industry, and users in 9
European countries.
J. Boddy
F. Pinolinl
Lagard?
Kraft
secretary
AP aims and actions:
Studies of the technical and economic factors related
(amongst others) to the reduction of vehicle emissions
so as to be able to advise member organisations and
other interested bodies, including governments.
, Comments:
* Coordinating European Council for
the Development of Performance
Tests for Lubricants and Engine
Fuels.
Cooperates with BPICA (X.025), BTC
(GB.061), and through them with
KCE.WP29 (X.011).
Has published reports on diesel smoke
causes and measurements methods.
X.026 C E C
7.71
X |027; ASM; AJfJ^oJEjF oi!o2J^04io5jii
CoJntry . No. [Type; Functions | Sources
NAME: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
dl3ll4|l5J?IJ2a23j24J25
Effects ' Controls
STANDARDIZATION
3/32
Re
-
33
me
34J35J/JMJS
dies | Size
'M3
Status
7.71J ,S' T
Date ' >
ACRONYM: T 3 0
See
also
ADDRESS: i rue de Varembe,
GENEVA 20.
Title
PERSONNEL
Function
Tel.:
AFFIL:
(022) 34.12.40
National bodies in 59 countrie
>
AP aims and actions : j Comments :
Has established Technical Cttee for Air Purity to define! Set up 1971-
the terminology, classification, standard methods of
test and .control for air pollutants.
X.027 ISO
7.71
693
-------