FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (D001),
CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002),
CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003), AND
P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
Larry Rosengrant, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Rhonda Craig
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
May 1990
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No.
68-W9-0068. Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment Technology Section,
Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the
preparation of this document and the development of the treatment
standards for D001-D003 and P and U wastes with reactive listing
constituents. The Technical Project Officer for the waste was Ms. Laura
Fargo. Mr. Steven Silverman served as Legal Advisor.
Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document
included Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. James Berkes, Principal
Investigator and Author; Ms. Justine Alchowiak, Quality Assurance
Officer; Ms. Martha Martin, Technical Editor; and Ms. Sally Gravely,
Program Secretary.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page No,
1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1-1
2. CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (D001) 2-1
2.1 Waste Characterization 2-1
2.1.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 2-2
2.1.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 2-4
2.1.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 2-5
2.1.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 2-6
2.2 Industries Affected 2-7
2.2.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 2-7
2.2.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 2-8
2.2.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 2-8
2.2.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 2-8
2 . 3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 2-8
2.3.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 2-10
2.3.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 2-12
2.3.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 2-16
2.3.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 2-17
2.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) 2-18
2.4.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 2-20
2.4.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 2-24
2.4.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 2-26
2.4.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 2-28
3. CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002) 3-1
3.1 Waste Characterization 3-1
3.1.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 3-2
3.1.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory 3-2
3.2 Industries Affected 3-3
3.2.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 3-3
3.2.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory 3-4
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Section Page No.
3.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 3-4
3.3.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 3-4
3.3.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory 3-6
3.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) 3-7
3.4.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 3-7
3.4.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory 3-16
4. CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003) 4-1
4.1 Waste Characterization 4-2
4.1.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 4-2
4.1.2 Explosives Subcategory 4-3
4.1.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 4-3
4.1.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 4-4
4.1.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 4-4
4.2 Industries Affected 4-5
4.2.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 4-5
4.2.2 Explosives Subcategory 4-5
4.2.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 4-6
4.2.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 4-6
4.2.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 4-6
4.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 4-6
4.3.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 4-7
4.3.2 Explosives Subcategory 4-9
4.3.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 4-11
4.3.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 4-11
4.3.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 4-12
4.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) 4-13
4.4.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 4-14
4.4.2 Explosives Subcategory 4-17
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Section Page No.
4.4.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 4-19
4.4.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 4-20
4.4.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 4-21
5. P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS 5-1
5.1 Waste Characterization 5-2
5.2 Industries Affected 5-7
5.3 Analytical Issues 5-11
5.4 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 5-12
5.4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 5-13
5.4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 5-16
5.5 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) 5-22
5.5.1 BOAT for Incinerable Reactive Organics
and Hydrazine Derivatives 5-23
5.5.2 BOAT for Incinerable Inorganics 5-26
5.5.3 BOAT for Fluorine Compounds 5-28
5.5.4 BOAT for Recoverable Me tallies 5-30
6. REFERENCES 6-1
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
APPENDIX A Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D001 Wastes
APPENDIX B D001 Ignitable Liquids Wastewaters Flashpoint Analyses
APPENDIX C Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D002 Wastes
APPENDIX D Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D003 Wastes
APPENDIX E Definitions of Forbidden Explosive, Class A Explosive,
and Class B Explosive According to 49 CFR
APPENDIX F Waste Characterization Data for D003 Cyanide Wastes
APPENDIX G Waste Characterization, Industrial Descriptions, and
Analytical Problems Associated with Wastes Containing
P and U Reactive Listing Constituents
APPENDIX H Carbon Adsorption Performance Data
APPENDIX I Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Fluoride
APPENDIX J Performance Data for Stabilization of F006 Waste
APPENDIX K Performance Data for Chemical Oxidation of a Metal-Bearing
Wastewater
v
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LIST OF TABLES
Paee No.
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for D001 1-5
Table 1-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D002 1-7
Table 1-3 BOAT Treatment Standards for D003 1-8
Table 1-4 BOAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes Containing
Reactive Listing Constituents 1-10
Table 2-1 Approximate Ranges of Applicability of Treatment
Technologies as a Function of Organic Concentrations
in Liquid Waste Streams 2-13
Table 2-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D001 2-30
Table 3-1 Solubility Information 3-13
Table 3-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D002 3-18
Table 4-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for D003 4-23
Table 5-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes Containing
Reactive Listing Constituents 5-33
Table A-l Characterization and Industry Data for D001 Wastes That
Are Only Characteristic Ignitable Wastes According to the
1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only A-l
Table A-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Mixed Wastes
Containing Ignitable (D001) Wastes According to the
1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI, Non-commercial
Facilities Only A-6
Table A-3 Available Waste Characterization Data for D001
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory A-11
Table A-4 Waste Characterization Data for D001 Oxidizer
Subcategory A-12
Table C-l Chacterization Data for Characteristic Corrosive Wastes
D002 C-l
Table C-2 Corrosive Waste Quantity Handled by Industrial
Classification C-20
vi
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LIST OF TABLES
(continued)
Page No.
Table D-l Characterization and Industry Data for D003 Wastes That:
Are Only Characteristic Reactive Wastes According to the
1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only D-l
Table D-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Mixed Wastes
Containing Reactive Wastes According to the 1986 TSDR
Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only D-2
Table D-3 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Cyanide
Subcategory D-7
Table D-4 Waste Characterization for D003 Explosives Subcategory.. D-9
Table D-5 Characterization Data for D003 Explosives Subcategory .. D-10
Table D-6 Characterization Data for D003 Water Reactives
Subcategory D-ll
Table D-7 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Sulfides
Subcategory D-12
Table D-8 Characterization Data for D003 Other Reactives
Subcategory D-13
Table G-l Chemical Structures for Reactive P and U Listing
Constituents G-l
Table G-2 P and U Wastes Containing Reactive Listing Constituents. G-4
Table G-3 Generation Information for Reactive U and P Wastes
According to the 1986 TSDR Survey G-6
Table G-4 Analytical Problems Associated with the Listing
Constituents for Reactive P and U Waste Codes G-12
Table H-l Amenability of Typical Organic Compounds to Activated
Carbon Adsorption H- 3
Table J-l Performance Data for Stabilization of F006 Waste J-l
Table J-2 TCLP Performance Data for Stabilization of F006 Waste
After Screening and Accuracy Correction of Treated
Values J - 3
Table J-3 Matrix Spike Recovery Data for the TCLP Extracts from
Stabilization of F006 Waste J -4
vii
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LIST OF TABLES
(continued)
Page No.
Table J-4 Calculation of the Nonwastewater Treatment Standard
for Nickel Treated by Stabilization J-5
Table K-l Performance Data for Chemical Oxidation and Sludge
Filtration of a Metal-Bearing Wastewater Sampled
by EPA K-l
Table K-2 Accuracy-Corrected Data for Treated Wastewater
Residuals from Chemical Oxidation and Sludge
Filtration K-4
Table K-3 Matrix Spike Recovery Data for Metals in Wastewater .... K-5
Table K-6 Calculation of the Treatment Standard for Nickel-
Treated Wastewater K-6
viii
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1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA), enacted on November
8, 1984, amended the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of
1976. Pursuant to HSWA, section 3004(g) of RCRA requires the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate regulations that
restrict the land disposal of hazardous wastes beyond specified dates.
Under section 3004(m) of RCRA, the Agency is required to set "levels or
methods of treatment, if any, which substantially reduce the likelihood
of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste so that short-term
and long-term threats to human health and the environment are
minimized." As specified in the promulgated regulatory framework for
implementing the land disposal restrictions, these "treatment standards"
are based on the performance of the best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) for a waste.
Consistent with section 3004(m) of RCRA, EPA is promulgating
treatment standards based on the best demonstrated available technology
(BOAT) for characteristic ignitable wastes (D001), characteristic
corrosive wastes (D002), characteristic reactive wastes (D003), and P and
U wastes containing reactive listing constituents. Compliance with these
BOAT treatment standards is a prerequisite for the placement of these
wastes in units designated as land disposal facilities.
Wastes that are hazardous because they exhibit a hazardous
characteristic are no longer considered hazardous if they are treated so
that they no longer exhibit any of the characteristics. It is important
to note out that treatment of any ignitable, corrosive, or reactive
wastes must remove all of the hazardous characteristics of the waste.
For example, ash residues from the incineration of an ignitable waste
will no longer be ignitable, but may exhibit the characteristic of EP
toxicity for metals (because the metals concentrate in the ash) even
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though the waste may not have been EP toxic prior to incineration; this
residue may therefore require further treatment. Note that if the
characteristic waste or the residual is mixed with a listed hazardous
waste, it is considered to be the listed hazardous waste even if treated
to remove all characteristics, and it must meet any standards set for the
listed hazardous waste.
EPA may establish treatment standards either as a specific treatment
technology or as a performance level of treatment monitored by measuring
the concentration levels of the hazardous constituents in the waste,
treatment residual, or extract of the waste. EPA prefers to establish
treatment standards as performance levels; however, because of the
diversity of constituents present in wastes that can be classified as
D001, D002, and D003, the Agency has been unable to identify a list of
constituents that could be used to regulate these wastes. In addition,
there are no EPA-approved analytical methods for measuring most of the
P and U reactive listing constituents. Therefore, EPA is promulgating
treatment technologies as BDAT treatment standards for D001, D002, and
some subcategories of D003 and P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents. For the D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory, EPA is
promulgating performance level treatment standards for cyanide in
wastewaters and nonwastewaters, since waste characterization data show
that this BDAT list constituent is consistently present at treatable
concentrations in the waste and treatment performance data and analytical
methods are available for this constituent. For P056 (fluorine) and U134
(hydrogen fluoride) wastewaters, EPA is promulgating performance level
treatment standards for fluoride. EPA is also promulgating performance
level treatment standards for nickel in P073 (nickel carbonyl)
wastewaters and nonwastewaters based on treatment performance data
applicable to these wastes.
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Because of the nature of the subcategories of these wastes, the
Agency is not distinguishing wastewater versus nonwastewater standards in
all cases. Sometimes this is because there is no way to physically
distinguish one from the other (e.g., D001 compressed gases are neither
wastewaters nor nonwastewaters), or sometimes it is prudent to apply the
same technology to both wastewaters and nonwastewaters. In other cases,
only nonwastewater or only wastewater standards are being promulgated for
subcategories of these characteristic wastes. For the purpose of
determining the applicability of the treatment standards, wastewaters are
defined as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight basis) total
suspended solids* and less than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic
carbon (TOG). Wastes not meeting this definition must comply with the
treatment standards for nonwastewaters.
EPA has determined that wastes defined as D001 represent four major
subcategories based on chemical and physical composition: the Ignitable
Liquids Subcategory, the Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory, the
Ignitable Reactives Subcategory, and the Oxidizers Subcategory. The
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory has been further subcategorized into three
treatability groups: (1) D001 Ignitable Liquids High TOG Nonwastewaters;
(2) D001 Ignitable Liquids Low TOG Nonwastewaters; and (3) D001 Ignitable
Liquids Wastewaters. Treatment standards for all D001 wastes are
presented in Table 1-1 at the end of this section.
The Agency has determined that D002 wastes may belong to an Acid
Subcategory, an Alkaline Subcategory, or an Other Corrosives
Subcategory. Treatment standards for the D002 subcategories are shown in
Table 1-2.
* The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarified EPA's previously used
terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically,
the quantity of total suspended solids is measured by Method 209c
(Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103 to 105°C) in Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition (APHA, AWWA,
and WPCF 1985).
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For D003, EPA has concluded that there are five subcategories: the
Reactive Cyanides Subcategory, the Reactive Sulfides Subcategory, the
Explosives Subcategory, the Water Reactives Subcategory, and the Other
Reactives Subcategory. Table 1-3 presents treatment standards for the
five D003 subcategories.
The Agency has determined that wastes with reactive P and U listing
constituents can be divided into four subcategories: Incinerable
Reactive Organic and Hydrazine Derivatives, Incinerable Inorganics,
Fluorine Compounds, and Recoverable Metallics. A listing of all reactive
P and U waste codes is provided in Section 5. Shown in Table 1-4 are the
treatment standards for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents.
This background document presents the Agency's technical support for
selecting and developing the treatment standards for D001, D002, D003,
and P and U wastes containing reactive listing constituents. It is
organized into five chapters, and each chapter is arranged in four
sections. Section 1 of each chapter presents waste-specific information
such as the waste-generating processes and waste characterization. The
industries that will be affected by the land disposal restrictions for
the specific characteristic waste are described in Section 2. The
applicable technologies that can be used to treat the waste are discussed
in Section 3. Section 4 identifies the best demonstrated available
technology.
The BDAT program and EPA's promulgated methodology are more
thoroughly described in two additional documents: Methodology for
Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (USEPA 1988a) and Generic Quality
Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Programs (BDAT)
(USEPA 1987a). The petition process to be followed in requesting a
variance from the BDAT treatment standards is discussed in the
methodology document.
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Table 1-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for D001
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS SUBCATEGORY
[Nonwastewaters]
(High TOC Ignitable Liquids Subcategory - Greater than or equal to
10% total organic carbon)
INCINERATION (INCIN), FUEL SUBSTITUTION (FSUBS),
OR RECOVERY (RORGS) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS SUBCATEGORY
[ Nonwas tewater s ]
(Low TOC Ignitable Liquids Subcategory - Less than
10% total organic carbon)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS SUBCATEGORY
261.21(a)(l)
[Wastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
IGNITABLE COMPRESSED GASES SUBCATEGORY**
261.21(a)(3)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
Incinerators must comply with 40 CFE 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0. Fuel substitution units must be
in compliance with 40 CFR Fart 266 Subpart D. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable
technologies that used alone or in a combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42,
Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses.
Ignitable gases may be vented directly into an incinerator or reactor or vented into a suitable
adsorbent prior to treatment. Although the gases, once vented, are no longer compressed in a
cylinder, the Agency does not consider that treatment has occurred until the ignitable gas has been
incinerated or otherwise treated. Adsorption of the ignitable gas into either a solid or liquid
adsorbent is typically a reversible physical process. Thus, the ignitable chemical has not been
destroyed.
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Table 1-1 (continued)
IGNITABLE REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.21(a)(2)
[Nonwastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
OXIDIZERS SUBCATEGORY
261.21(a)(4)
[Nonwastewaters and wastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY**
* Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR, 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0. Fuel substitution units must
be in compliance with 40 CFR Fart 266 Subpart D. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI Cor a list of applicable
technologies that used alone or in a combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42,
Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses.
** Ignitable gases may be vented directly into an incinerator or reactor or vented into a suitable
adsorbent prior to treatment. Although the gases, once vented, are no longer compressed in a
cylinder, the Agency does not consider that treatment has occurred until the ignitable gas has been
incinerated or otherwise treated. Adsorption of the ignitable gas into either a solid or liquid
adsorbent is typically a reversible physical process. Thus, the ignitable chemical has not been
destroyed.
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Table 1-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D002
ACID SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
ALKALINE SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
OTHER CORROSIVES SUBCATETORY
261.22(a)2
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a Hat of applicable technologies that uaed alone or in combination
can achieve thia standard. See alao 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, tor a description of the technologies
referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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Table 1-3 BOAT Treatment Standards for D003
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/kg)
Cyanides (Total) 590
Cyanides (Amenable) 30
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Cyanides (Total) Reserved
Cyanides (Amenable) 0.86
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Table 1-3 (continued)
REACTIVE SULFIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
EXPLOSIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(6)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
WATER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(2)(3), AND (4)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
OTHER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies) that used alone or in combination
can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies
referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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TABLE 1-4 BOAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes
Containing Reactive Listing Constituents
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P105, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Nonwastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), FUEL SUBSTITUTION (FSUBS),
CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD), OR
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED)
AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Wastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD),
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED), CARBON ADSORPTION (CARBN), OR
BIODEGRADATION (BIODG) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P006, P096, P122, U135, and U249
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD), OR
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR 264 Subpart O or 265 Subpart O. Fuel substitution units must
comply with 40 CFR Fart 266 Subpart D. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the
technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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Table 1-4 (continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P056
[Nonwastewaters]
ADSORPTION (ADGAS) FOLLOWED BY NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR)
AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR U134
[Nonwastewaters]
NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR) OR ADSORPTION (ADGAS) FOLLOWED
BY NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR)
AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P056 AND U134
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Fluoride 35
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P015 AND P087
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
RECOVERY (RMETL OR RTHRM) AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT*
See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a £iv«!-letter
technology code in parentheses.
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Table 1-4 (continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P073
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/kg)
Nickel 0.32
BOAT STANDARDS FOR P073
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Nickel 0.44
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2. CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (D001)
According to 40 CFR 261.21, there are four criteria for defining a
waste as a D001 Ignitable Waste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D001 waste if (1) it is a liquid with a flash point less than
140°F; (2) it is an ignitable compressed gas; (3) it is not a liquid
and is capable of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture,
or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns vigorously and
persistently; or (4) it is an oxidizer.
Although some D001 wastes may exhibit characteristics of more than
one criterion, EPA determined that these four criteria translate directly
into four subcategories for D001 wastes. The first subcategory is
classified as the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory, the second subcategory
is classified as the Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory, and the
third subcategory is classified as the Ignitable Reactives Subcategory.
The fourth subcategory is classified as the Oxidizers Subcategory.
2.1 Waste Characterization
Because of the variety of wastes classified as D001, it is not
possible to characterize every individual D001 waste stream. Therefore,
the Agency based its BOAT development for D001 wastes on a generalization
of waste characterization for each subcategory listed above. Tables A-l
and A-2 in Appendix A present some waste characterization for the
RCRA-permitted facilities that generated D001 wastes and D001 wastes
mixed with other RCRA-listed and characteristic wastes, respectively.
This information has been gathered from the 1986 National Survey of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities
(TSDR Survey); confidential business information is not included.
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2.1.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
These wastes are liquids that at a temperature of 140°F or less,
referred to as the flash point, give off a vapor sufficient to form an
ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid or
containment vessel. For the purposes of the official DOT shipping
regulations, the flash point is determined by the Tagliabue open-cup
method (ASTM D1310-63).
The majority of all D001 wastes generated can be identified as
ignitable liquids. Most of these ignitable liquid wastes are primarily
organic liquids. The major organic constituents in these wastes are
volatile, flammable hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons that provide
the characteristics of ignitability to the waste (i.e., a flash point of
less than 140°F). These constituents may also be potential
carcinogens or otherwise toxic. Some D001 ignitable liquids have been
shown to contain organic constituents that are also constituents in
F001-F005 waste solvents. These constituents include the following:
Acetone Isobutanol
n-Butyl alcohol Methanol
Carbon disulfide Methyl ethyl ketone
Carbon tetrachloride Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chlorinated fluorocarbons Methylene chloride
Chlorobenzene Nitrobenzene
Cresols Pyridine
Cresylic acid Tetrachloroethylene
Cyclohexanone Toluene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene Trichloroethylene
Ethyl acetate 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ethyl ether 1,1,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane
Ethylbenzene Trichlorofluoromethane
Xylene
Other wastes in the subcategory may contain unlisted solvents, paint
thinners, degreasing compounds, byproduct liquids, contaminated oils,
petroleum distillates, lacquers, varnishes, and contaminated fuels.
2-2
3527g-2
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Additionally, available waste characterization data and additional
information received indicate that some D001 ignitable waste streams can
have a relatively low organic content (less than 10 percent) and a high
water content. The waste characterization data for wastes in the
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory are shown on Table A-3 in Appendix A.
Based on characterization information, treatment technology capabilities
corresponding to the organic and water contents of wastes, and the
Agency's regulatory definitions of wastewaters and nonwastewaters, EPA
determined that the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory should be further
subcategorized by division into three treatability groups as follows:
(1) D001 Ignitable Liquids High TOG Nonwastewaters, (2) D001 Ignitable
Liquids Low TOC Nonwastewaters, and (3) D001 Ignitable Liquids
Wastewaters. Division of this Subcategory into the three treatability
groups is discussed in more detail in later sections.
The D001 Ignitable Liquids High TOC Nonwastewaters Subcategory is
defined as ignitable liquid wastes that contain greater than or equal to
10 percent TOC as generated. These wastes will have large organic
concentrations, high BTU contents, and low water contents. The D001
Ignitable Liquids Low TOC Nonwastewaters Subcategory is defined as wastes
that contain greater than 1 percent but less than 10 percent TOC as
generated. The Ignitable Liquids Wastewaters Subcategory is defined as
wastes that contain less than 1 percent TOC and less than 1 percent TSS
as generated (the BOAT definition of a wastewater). Because of their
relatively low organic concentrations and high water contents, wastes in
these subcategories generally will not have high BTU contents.
To identify wastes in the Ignitable Liquids Wastewaters Subcategory,
(i.e., a waste with less than 1 percent TOC, less than 1 percent TSS, and
a flash point lower than 140°F), the Agency had flash point analyses
performed on eight organic aqueous mixtures meeting the BOAT definition
of a wastewater. Several of the aqueous mixtures had a flash point lower
2-3
3527g-3
-------
than 140°F. However, after flashing, combustion was not sustained.
The issue of sustained combustion is not relevant at this time because
the length of time over which combustion is sustained at a temperature of
lower than 140°F is not specified as part of the D001 definition.
The Agency believes that such a regulatory change may be appropriate in
the future. Although EPA could not determine whether wastewaters in the
ignitable liquids subcategory exist, several facilities claim these
wastes are generated; consequently, the Agency believes that establishing
an Ignitable Liquids Wastewaters Subcategory is appropriate. A summary
of the flash point analyses performed for EPA is included as Appendix B.
2.1.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
D001 wastes in the Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory are those
wastes that meet the definition of an ignitable compressed gas according
to 49 CFR 173.300. By definition, the term "ignitable compressed gas"
designates (1) any material or mixture having in the container an
absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F or, regardless of the
pressure at 70°F, having an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at
130°F or (2) any liquid flammable material having a vapor pressure
exceeding 40 psi at 100°F as determined by ASTM Test D-323. For each
of the above cases, any one of the following must also occur:
1. Either a mixture of 13 percent or less (by volume) with air forms
a flammable mixture or the flammable range with air is wider than
12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. These limits should
be determined at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The
method of sampling and test procedures must be acceptable to the
Bureau of Explosives and approved by the Director, OHMT.
2. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Flame Projection Apparatus,* the
flame projects more than 18 inches beyond the ignition source
with valve opened fully, or the flame flashes back and burns at
the valve with any degree of valve opening.
* A description of the Bureau of Explosives' Flame Projection Apparatus,
Open Drum Apparatus, Closed Drum Apparatus, and method tests can be
obtained from the Bureau of Explosives.
2-4
3527g-A
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3. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Open Drum Apparatus, there is any
significant propagation of flame away from the ignition source.
4. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Closed Drum Apparatus, there is
any explosion of the vapor-air mixture in the drum.
The physical characteristics of wastes in this subcategory are
generally discarded cylinders containing a compressed gas. The Agency
believes that generators of byproduct gaseous wastes generated during a
process generally flare these gases to destroy them and do not place the
waste gases in containers. Therefore, the majority of these waste
containers will probably be empty containers containing gas residues of
the containerized gases that were used in a process, rather than gaseous
wastes generated during a process. Containerized gases that might: be
used in a process and disposed of in a container would include acetone,
oxygen, methane, hydrogen, propane, butane, and acetylene. Pyrophoric
gases are also included in this subcategory. Typical pyrophoric gases
include tributyl aluminum, dimethylzine, triethylborane, and
tetramethylin.
2.1.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
By definition in 40 CFR 261, these nonliquid wastes are capable of
causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous
chemical change. Furthermore, when these wastes are ignited, they burn
vigorously and persistently. Based on these physical waste descriptions,
there appears to be an overlap of this D001 subcategory with certain D003
reactive wastes. However, a close examination of the definitions in
261.21(a)(2) for ignitable wastes and 261.23(a)(2), (3), and (6) for
reactive wastes reveals the distinction. The key difference is found in
the phrase for ignitable wastes "...when ignited, burns vigorously and
persistently." This phrase implies that the hazard is due primarily to
the ignition potential rather than to the extreme reactivity.
2-5
3527g-5
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D001 Ignitable Reactives are generated on a sporadic basis and
generally in low volumes. These wastes are primarily inorganic
nonwastewaters or other wastes containing reactive materials. Ignitable
reactives include materials such as reactive alkali metals or metaloids
(such as sodium and potassium) and carbide slags. These wastes are very
reactive with water and can ignite because of the generation of gases and
heat from the reaction with water. Other ignitable solids in this
subcategory include metals such as magnesium and aluminum that, when
finely divided, can vigorously react with oxygen in the air if they are
ignited under certain conditions. Zirconium fines that are pyrophoric
(i.e., that cause fire through friction) have also been included in this
D001 subcategory.
2.1.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
These wastes exhibit the properties listed in 40 CFR 261.21(a)(4) and
meet the definitions in 49 CFR 173.151. Several commenters have asked
for an elaboration of the oxidizer definition because the DOT definition
is not definitive but rather lists examples of oxidizing compounds. The
D001 wastes in the Oxidizers Subcategory are primarily inorganic and
include such things as waste peroxides, perchlorates, and permanganates.
The Agency has very limited information on the generation and
characterization of D001 wastes in this subcategory. Currently,
generators must assess wastes for oxidizing hazards by considering known
oxidizing constituents contained within the wastes and by the definition
as outlined in 49 CFR 173.151, which states: "An oxidizer for the
purpose of this subchapter is a substance such as chlorate, permanganate,
inorganic peroxide, or a nitrate, that yields oxygen readily to stimulate
the combustion of the organic matter." The available characterization
data for the Oxidizers Subcategory are shown on Table A-4 in Appendix A.
2-6
3527g-6
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in other words, the presence of any amount of the above substances
does not indicate that a material is an oxidizer; rather, one or more of
these substances must be present in a quantity sufficient to yield oxygen
and stimulate combustion.
2.2 Industries Affected
Because of the diversity of industries generating D001 wastes, the
Agency will not attempt to describe every industry that generates
characteristic ignitable wastes. The following are brief summaries
describing by subcategory the industries that will be most affected by
the land disposal ban of D001 wastes. Tables A-l and A-2 in Appendix A
present industrial descriptions for RCRA-permitted facilities that
generate D001 wastes and D001 wastes mixed with other RCRA-listed wastes,
respectively.
2.2.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
As stated previously, the majority of all D001 wastes generated can
be identified as ignitable liquids. The Agency has further subcate-
gorized ignitable liquids as high TOC nonwastewaters, low TOC
nonwastewaters, and wastewaters. These wastes are generated by almost
every industry and represent a significant proportion of all hazardous
wastes. They include wastes such as solvents, degreasing compounds, and
byproduct liquids, i.e., wastes that can be generated by most
industries. Industries generating D001 Ignitable Liquids include
petroleum refining, producers of plastics and resins, paints and allied
products, plating and polishing, motor vehicle parts and accessories,
electronic equipment, agricultural chemicals, wood household furniture,
pressed and blown glass, and commercial printing (USEPA 1988e) .
2-7
35278-7
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2.2.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
The chemicals industry uses compressed gases as reactants in chemical
processes. Additionally, many industries use containerized gases for
heating and welding purposes. The Agency has identified only three
industrial categories as potential generators of gases classified as D001
wastes. The standard industrial classifications (SIC) for the generators
are manufacturing industries, conveyors and conveying machinery, and
general chemical manufacturing (USEPA 1988e).
2.2.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
The chemicals industry, specifically the nonferrous metals chemicals
industry, generates most of the wastes in this Subcategory. The Agency
has identified only three industrial categories as potential generators
of wastes in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory. The industries
include producers of semiconductors and related devices, producers of
power-driven hand tools, and the Department of Energy (USEPA 1988e).
2.2.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
Most of these wastes are generated by the chemicals industry as spent
oxidizing solutions or byproducts. The Agency has information indicating
that the Department of Defense generates D001 oxidizer wastes from the
treatment of waste propellants. Other potential generators of these
wastes include the chemicals and allied products industries and
manufacturers of fertilizers.
2.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D001 wastes and current
2-8
3527g-8
-------
management practices for these wastes. To be applicable, a technology
must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question or a similar
waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar
waste.
Most generators of D001 wastes are currently performing some form of
treatment, since ignitable wastes are already restricted from placement
in surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment units, and landfills
according to 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256, 264.281, and 264.312,
respectively. The following is paraphrased from the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) for disposal requirements for ignitable wastes:
Ignitable waste must not be placed in a surface impoundment, waste
pile, land treatment unit, or landfill, unless the following
conditions are met:
• The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately
after placement in the impoundment so that the resulting waste,
mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition
of ignitable waste.
I
• The owner or operator of a facility that treats, stores, or
disposes of ignitable waste takes precautions to prevent reactions
that generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosions, or
violent reactions; produce uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts,
or gases in sufficient quantities to threaten human health or the
environment; produce uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in
sufficient quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions; damage
the structural integrity of the device or facility; or threaten
human health or the environment through other like means.
• The waste is managed in such a way that it is protected from any
material or conditions that may cause it to ignite or react.
In addition, a surface impoundment can be used to dispose of
ignitable wastes solely for emergencies. Als,o, ignitable wastes in
2-9
3527g-9
-------
containers may be landfilled without meeting the above criteria if the
wastes are disposed of in such a way that they are protected from any
material or conditions that may cause them to ignite. At a minimum,
ignitable wastes must be disposed of in nonleaking containers that are
carefully handled and placed so as to avoid heat, sparks, rupture, or any
other condition that might cause ignition of the wastes; must be covered
daily with soil or other noncombustible material to minimize the
potential for ignition of the wastes; and must not be disposed of in
cells that contain or will contain other wastes that may generate heat
sufficient to cause ignition of the waste.
2.3.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
All wastes in the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory (i.e., high TOG
nonwastewaters, low TOG nonwastewaters, and wastewaters) are defined as
hazardous because of a low flash point that is due directly to the
chemical and physical properties of the organics in the waste. Most of
these wastes will have a high heating value.
One might assume that it does not matter how the ignitability
characteristic is removed as long as the waste ends up nonignitable.
Ignitability, however, often reflects the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), which are ozone precursors. If the ignitable wastes
are diluted, VOCs will ordinarily be emitted in concentrations far
exceeding those emitted by treatment processes in which these volatiles
are destroyed. Control of VOC is a legitimate concern under RCRA
(section 3004(m)), which specifically calls for minimizing threats to the
environment as well as to human health, and the Agency has specifically
called attention to control of VOCs in the 1987 proposed rule
implementing RCRA section 3004 (m).
2-10
3527g-10
-------
Volatile emissions from dilution also may pose a reignition hazard.
Dilution of ignitable wastes fails to utilize the wastes' energy value,
contravening a fundamental RCRA goal of encouraging recovery of energy
from wastes (RCRA section 1002(d)). EPA also believes that allowing
dilution of D001 wastes may create an incentive for generators to miscode
the listed, prohibited solvent wastes (F001-F005) as D001 wastes,
frustrating the treatment requirements for those wastes. Accordingly,
the Agency believes that dilution is not an applicable method for
treating ignitable wastes.
Technologies appropriate for treatment of organic wastes are those
that destroy or recover the organic constituents. The applicable
technologies that the Agency identified for treatment of wastes in the
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory were incineration, fuel substitution
(because of their high heating value), and recovery. The Agency believes
that any thermal treatment technology, such as incineration, would
completely remove the characteristic of low flash point by destroying the
organic constituents, thereby rendering the waste nonignitable. Fuel
substitution, like incineration, destroys the organic constituent!? in the
waste. In fuel substitution, however, fuel value is also derived from
the waste. Recovery technologies such as distillation and solvent
extraction can be used to separate and recover components. Although
recovery technologies can recover some components for reuse, often these
processes generate residues that may still exhibit the characteristic of
ignitability and require further treatment prior to land disposal.
The Agency still believes that incineration, fuel substitution, and
recovery are demonstrated to treat wastes in the D001 Ignitable Liquids
Subcategory since they are currently being used to treat such wastes.
The Agency has data showing that 26 percent of D001 Ignitable Liquids are
already treated by incineration, 25 percent are used as a fuel
2-11
3527g-ll
-------
substitute, and 24 percent are recovered for reuse through processes such
as distillation. The remaining 25 percent are treated by a variety of
other processes (USEPA 1989d).
The Agency has gathered information on low organic aqueous waste
streams that would be classified in the D001 Ignitable Liquids
Subcategory. The information indicates that these low organic (less than
10 percent) aqueous waste streams have low Btu values and are being
treated using wastewater treatment technologies such as wet air
oxidation, solvent extraction, steam stripping, carbon adsorption, and
biodegradation. The Agency then reviewed information on the treatment of
waste streams with a wide range of organic concentrations. An EPA
Project Summary (USEPA 1987b) included information on specific
technologies used to treat organic wastes. The summary indicated that
technologies such as incineration and recovery processes are generally
commercially applied for waste streams with a wide range of organic
concentrations. This information further supports that incineration and
recovery are demonstrated technologies for wastes in this subcategory.
The summary also indicated that technologies such as wet air oxidation,
solvent extraction, steam stripping, resin adsorption, carbon adsorption,
and biological treatment are generally commercially applied for waste
streams with 0-10 percent organic concentrations. Based on a review of
this information, the Agency believes that wastewater treatment
technologies are applicable and demonstrated for low organic
concentration waste streams that are in the D001 Ignitable Liquids
Subcategory (low-TOC nonwastewaters and wastewaters). A synopsis of the
information technology on the applicability of treatment for organic
wastes taken from the EPA Project Summary is included as Table 2-1.
2.3.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
The Agency thinks it unlikely that ignitable compressed gas wastes
require placement in any type of land disposal unit. The Agency believes
that no gas cylinders containing compressed ignitable gases are placed in
2-12
3527g-12
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Table 2-1 Approximate Ranges of Applicability of Treatment
Techniques as a Function of Organic Concentrations in
Liquid Waste Streams
Initial percent oreanics
Treatment technology
Thin film evaporation
Fractional distillation
Steam stripping
Incineration
Chemical oxidation
Solvent extraction
Air stripping
Resin adsorption
Carbon adsorption
Ozone/UV radiation
Wet air oxidation
Supercritical water
Commercially
applied
>40
>7
>4
>10
0.8 - 4
1 - 10
0 - 1
0 - 5
0 - 0.1
0 - 0.1
1 - 2
NA*
Potential
extension
>7
>0.
>0.
>0
0.1 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
1 -
3 -
8
1
7
20
10
10
1
1
10
40
* Not applicable.
Source: USEPA 1987b.
3527g-13
2-13
-------
surface impoundments, and that it is physically impossible to deep-well
inject these wastes. The Agency recognizes, however, that some D001
cylinders containing compressed ignitable gases may be placed in waste
piles. The Agency expects such placement to be temporary since these
cylinders are usually returned to distribution facilities to be refilled.
The Agency does not intend to prevent short-term storage of cylinders
containing ignitable compressed gases (e.g., acetylene, hydrogen).
The Agency identified reuse/recovery of the contents of the cylinder
or incineration of the contents as theoretically applicable technologies
for all wastes in this category. For compressed gases or low boiling
liquids in cylinders, recovery consists of connecting one or more
cylinders containing a given gas to a vacuum pump or to the suction side
of a compressor. The cylinder is thereby evacuated, and the recovered
gas may be stored in a compressed gas tank or as a low-boiling liquid in
a closed tank system. The compound can then be transferred to a
container to be shipped for reuse by a customer, or it can be reprocessed
and purified in the plant prior to repackaging. However, no single
recovery system will serve to recover more than one gas at a time in
order to avoid contamination. Furthermore, assuming that a compression
step is necessary for recovery, then different equipment will be required
for gases that remain gaseous during compression as compared to those
gases that readily liquify. Recovery by refilling the cylinders for
reuse is practiced by many facilities using containerized gases in their
processes. Consequently, EPA believes this technology to be
demonstrated. In addition, the Agency has established a policy that
facilities that manufacture gases do not have to be considered treatment,
storage, or disposal facilities (TSDFs) in order to directly refill
compressed gas cylinders.
2-14
3527g-H
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Another applicable technology identified by the Agency is thermal
destruction. Technologies such as incineration provide thermal oxidation
or thermal reduction of compounds present in the waste gases. Thermal
oxidation would apply to those gases that are essentially hydrocarbons or
derived from hydrocarbons. Thermal reduction is a term that describes
combustion in a condition that is, at least initially, a "starved air"
condition. "Starved air" means combustion with less than the
stoichiometric amount of oxygen. Thermal reduction is a well-known mode
for burning or incinerating nitrogen-containing fuels or wastes to ensure
that the organically bound nitrogen is converted to elemental nitrogen
rather than nitrogen oxide(s). The gas would have to be vented directly
into an incinerator or vented into an appropriate adsorbent material
(provided that air emissions can be controlled), followed by incineration
of the adsorbed gas/adsorbent material combination. The problem with
adsorption as an approach is that the toxic or otherwise hazardous nature
of the gases may be only temporarily deactivated by adsorption. To
permanently destroy the gas, the activated carbon or other adsorbent
needs to be destroyed. Many facilities incinerate containerized gases by
venting them directly into an incinerator. Based on the above
discussion, the Agency believes that incineration (thermal reduction or
oxidation) is demonstrated (Rissmann 1989).
The Agency has also reviewed information on other treatment
technologies that are being used to treat wastes in the Ignitable
Compressed Gases Subcategory. These technologies included the treatment
of pyrophoric gases by remote control penetration and detonation under a
column of appropriate scrubbing solution. The information indicates that
these gases cannot be vented into an incinerator without considerable
risk. Another method reported as being used for some compressed gases
was to oxidize them in an aqueous medium. Carbonyl sulfide and methyl
mercaptans were reported as being treated by oxidation. Based on this
information, the Agency believes that the technologies described above
are applicable and demonstrated.
2-15
3527g-15
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2.3.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
The waste characterization discussion in Section 2.1.3 describes
these wastes as nonwastewaters that can ignite when they come into
contact with water and release gases; therefore, the Agency considered
applicable technologies for this subcategory to be those technologies
that remove the characteristic of ignitability. EPA has identified
deactivation technologies such as controlled detonation, controlled
burning, and controlled treatment with water to be applicable
technologies.
As mentioned earlier, radioactive zirconium fines have been included
in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory. For the proposed rule, the
Department of Energy (DOE) submitted data that appeared to indicate that
this waste can be stabilized to remove the reactivity characteristic.
Stabilization is not usually considered to be a method of deactivation;
therefore, EPA was concerned that this treatment may be a form of
impermissible dilution rather than a chemical reaction (i.e., oxidation)
that removes the reactivity characteristic (Hunt 1989) . DOE submitted
additional information on the stabilization of radioactive zirconium
fines with their public comments on the Third Third proposed rule. These
data indicate that stabilization is an established technique for safe
management of such materials. It accomplishes results equivalent to
those of deactivation technologies by isolating and encapsulating the
pyrophoric metal fines and thus precluding conditions that could cause
ignition or reaction of the material. Additionally, the cement medium
provides shielding from the radioactivity.
Some wastes in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory, such as
calcium carbide slag, are often treated by controlled deactivation with
water. Other wastes, such as those containing reactive alkali metals
(sodium), are often reacted with water under controlled conditions, which
typically generates dilute alkaline solutions that can then be
2-16
3527g-16
-------
neutralized. EPA has identified one facility using hydrolysis as
treatment of alkali metals (Yoder 1989). The Agency believes that most,
if not all, of the wastes in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory are
being treated in a manner that renders the waste nonignitable and no
longer D001 hazardous. Therefore, the deactivation technologies
previously described are demonstrated to treat wastes in this subcategory.
2.3.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
For D001 wastes in the Oxidizers Subcategory, deactivation appears to
be the primary applicable treatment option. Deactivation with an
appropriate chemical reagent renders the waste nonignitable. The Agency
has information indicating that the Department of Defense generates D001
oxidizer wastes from the treatment of waste propellants. These wastes
should be treated with an appropriate chemical reducing agent under
controlled conditions. Also, certain aqueous solutions of waste
oxidizers may be useful in the treatment of other hazardous wastej; (e.g.,
permanganates and peroxides can be used to oxidize toxic organics or
cyanide wastes). The Agency believes that oxidizer wastes should be
deactivated or used as treatment reagents. The treatment or use of these
wastes should be performed in tanks and not in surface impoundments
because of the potential release of heat and volatile organics during the
oxidation/reduction reactions. The Agency has information from the 1986
TSDR Survey (USEPA 1989b) indicating that wastes in the D001 Oxidizer
Subcategory can be treated with chemicals (i.e., chemically reduced) to
render them nonignitable. Therefore, these technologies are demonstrated.
EPA reviewed information from a facility that generates two waste
streams classified in the oxidizer subcategory. They are both
off-specification or contaminated swimming pool chlorination chemicals.
These chemicals, calcium hypochlorite and trichorocyanuric acid, are DOT
oxidizers based upon an available chlorine content greater than
39 percent. When these materials become a waste, they are classified in
2-17
35278-17
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the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory. These wastes are normally generated as a
solid and are routinely disposed of through deactivation by adding the
material to large quantitites of water (similar to its use in swimming
pools). Following the deactivation, the waste is further treated in a
wastewater treatment facility. During deactivation and treatment, there
is no release of chlorine gas. The Agency also has information
indicating that hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid wastes are oxidizers
effectively treated by dissolution in water followed by neutralization.
In the case of nitric acid, the diluting in water is needed to prevent
any adverse reaction. Recovery and incineration were also described as
effective treatment methods for oxidizer wastes.
Additional information gathered on the treatment of oxidizers
indicated that most facilities are currently using technologies such as
thermal destruction and dissolution in water followed by wastewater
treatment to treat oxidizer wastes. Since these technologies also render
oxidizer wastes nonignitable, the Agency believes that they are
demonstrated.
2.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
This section presents the rationale for the determination of best
demonstrated available technology or technologies for D001 wastes. The
Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating potential
treatment standards for each D001 characteristic waste subcategory. The
first and preferred option is for EPA to promulgate numerical treatment
standards; however, numerical standards are difficult to establish for
D001 wastes because of the extensive universe of constituents in every
waste stream. The second and next preferred option is to promulgate a
method or sequence of methods of treatment as BOAT.
2-18
3527g-18
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The following sections describe the BOAT for each subcategory of D001
wastes. If a waste is a D001 waste because it fits under more than one
D001 subcategory, the waste must be treated by the BOAT technologies that
are listed for each applicable subcategory (unless the initial treatment
produces a non-DOOl waste residue). It is possible that the use of the
treatment technologies will, for many of these wastes, result in a
residual that no longer exhibits any of the characteristics. In this
case, the waste is no longer subject to the requirements of Subtitle C of
RCRA. However, the use of the treatment technologies designated as BOAT
does not imply that the residues from treatment are nonhazardous. In
some cases, treatment to remove one characteristic may result in a
residue that has a different characteristic and thus requires further
treatment. For example, treatment of a D001 waste using incineration may
remove the ignitable characteristic but result in an ash that will have
an EPA toxic characteristic for metals and will need metals treatment.
The treatment standards being promulgated for all D001 wastes are
summarized in Table 2-2 located at the end of this section.
It is important to note that management practices have been
established for ignitable wastes in surface impoundments, waste piles,
land treatment units, and landfills (see 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256,
264.281, and 264.312, as well as 265.229, 265.256, 265.281, and
265.312). When finalized, the treatment standards promulgated for
ignitable (D001) wastes will supersede the above-mentioned provisions and
exclusions for permissible land disposal of these waste outlined in
Parts 264 and 265. Facilities handling ignitable wastes will have to
comply with the promulgated treatment standards for these wastes in order
to land dispose them.
The Agency is superseding the regulatory sections referenced above to
avoid potential conflicts between the promulgated treatment standards and
existing Part 264 and 265 land disposal provisions for D001 wastes. The
Agency believes that protection of human health and the environment will
2-19
3527g-19
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be better accomplished by the promulgated standards since compliance with
the treatment standards will render these waste nonhazardous by
permanently eliminating the characteristic (i.e., ignitability).
2.4.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
The Agency first studied the option of transferring the standards for
these constituents from the corresponding F001-F005 standards promulgated
in the November 7, 1986, final rule (51 FR 40642) since some D001
ignitable liquids have been shown to contain organic constituents that
are also constituents in F001-F005 solvents. However, the Agency
believes that this option would create an unnecessary burden on the
regulated community because the majority of D001 wastes in the Ignitable
Liquids Subcategory should not contain F001-F005 constituents. Most D001
wastes containing F001-F005 constituents are probably cases of
misclassification. The misclassification of F001-F005 wastes as D001 is
currently one of the largest EPA enforcement issues in the RCRA program.
Therefore, the Agency believes that the problem is best handled through
enforcement rather than by establishing numerical treatment standards for
misclassified wastes.
EPA considered a second option by examining all demonstrated
technologies to determine whether one method performs better than
another. Thermal destruction technologies such as incineration and reuse
as a fuel will completely remove the characteristic of low flash point by
destroying the organic constituents, thereby rendering the waste
nonignitable. The Agency does not want to preclude the use of
distillation or other recovery techniques for these wastes. At the same
time, the Agency does not believe that most of these wastes are
necessarily recoverable by processes such as distillation. Furthermore,
distillation still bottoms may be ignitable and require further treatment.
2-20
3527g-20
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While recovery options may be preferable to incineration or fuel
substitution for some of the D001 wastes in this treatability group, the
end result must be the same (i.e., the residues must not be ignitable).
The choice among incineration, fuel substitution, or recovery can then be
made by the generator or treater, based on economics and on the ability
of the particular recovery system to handle the waste. As previously
described, the Agency received many comments indicating that most of the
low organic, aqueous D001 wastes are best treated using wastewater
treatment technologies such as wet air oxidation, steam stripping, carbon
adsorption, and biodegradation. The Agency did not originally propose
wastewater treatment technologies as BOAT because of concerns over air
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from some of these
wastewater treatment processes. Several commenters said that some D001
aqueous wastes contain organics that are water soluble and can be
biodegraded in some biological wastewater treatment systems. Typically,
these constituents must be diluted to significantly lower concentrations
in the wastewater in order for the microorganisms to degrade them. Also,
the biodegradation processes often require an aeration step during which
significant amounts of VOCs can be emitted. EPA believes, however, that
VOC emissions can be controlled by altering operating parameters (e.g.,
aeration rates, temperatures, etc.) and by performing process steps such
as aeration and dilution steps in controlled environments such as tanks
equipped with air pollution control devices. The Agency believes that
some facilities are already practicing these precautions. The Agency has
information on an anaerobic biodegradation system used to treat D001
wastes that was designed to keep any air emissions contained inside the
system.
Based on information including an EPA Project Summary entitled
Technical Resource Document Treatment: Technologies for Solvent-
Containing Wastes (USEPA 1987b), the Agency believes that wastewater
treatment technologies are applicable for the treatment of certain wastes
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in the D001 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory. The EPA project summary
provides information on the applicability of treatment technologies as a
function of organic concentrations in liquid waste streams. To identify
the treatment technologies that are BDAT for various D001 ignitable
liquids, the Agency further subcategorized D001 ignitable liquids into
three treatability groups as follows: (1) D001 ignitable liquids high
TOC nonwastewaters, (2) D001 ignitable liquids low TOC nonwastewaters,
and (3) D001 ignitable liquids wastewaters.
The ignitable liquids high TOC nonwastewaters subcategory is defined
as D001 wastes containing greater than or equal to 10 percent TOC as
generated. These wastes have large organic concentrations, high BTU
values, and low water contents. Thermal destruction technologies such as
incineration and fuel substitution completely remove the characteristic
of ignitability in these wastes by destroying the VOCs. Many of these
wastes are excellent candidates for fuel substitution because of high BTU
values. It is common practice to recover reusable organic materials from
these wastes using recovery processes such as distillation,
steam-stripping, and liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, the Agency is
promulgating a treatment standard of "Incineration (INCIN), Fuel
Substitution (FSUBS), or Recovery (RORGS) as Methods of Treatment" for
this subcategory. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the
technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
The Agency believes it appropriate to require that these wastes be
treated by some type of destruction and recovery technology given that
they often contain high concentrations of toxic organic constituents that
provide the ignitability characteristic to the waste. The toxics in
these wastes might not be destroyed if the waste could be land disposed
as long as it is not ignitable at the point of disposal.
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The D001 ignitable liquids low TOC nonwastewaters subcategory is
defined as wastes that contain greater than 1 percent but less than
10 percent TOC as generated. The D001 ignitable liquids wastewaters
subcategory is defined as wastes that contain less than 1 percent TOC and
less than 1 percent TSS as generated. These wastes generally do not have
high BTU contents because of their high water content and low organic
concentrations. i
The Agency believes that some of these wastes can be effectively
treated (i.e., the characteristic of ignitability can be removed by
either destroying or recovering the organic constituents that gave the
waste its ignitable character) using technologies applicable for
treatment of aqueous wastes. In some cases, these wastewaters and low
TOC nonwastewaters may need to be mixed with other wastewaters to achieve
an organic concentration desirable for proper operation of a treatment
system for aqueous wastes. For instance, wastewaters destined for
biological treatment are often commingled to achieve an organic
concentration that is optimal for the microorganisms. Fuel substitution
is not considered practical since wastes in both these categories
generally do not have BTU contents because they contain mostly water.
Although most of these wastes can be effectively treated using wastewater
technologies, incineration may also be applicable especially for low TOC
nonwastewaters. Based on this information, EPA is promulgating a
treatment standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic
of Ignitability" for both the D001 ignitable liquids low TOC
nonwastewaters and the D001 ignitable liquids wastewaters subcategories.
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that
used alone or in combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR
268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a
five letter technology code in parentheses.
Although most wastes in the ignitable liquids low TOC nonwastewaters
subcategory and ignitable liquid wastewaters subcategory will not be
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amenable to recovery (especially wastewaters), the Agency does not want
to preclude the use of recovery techniques for deactivation of these
wastes. The choice between treatment or recovery for deactivation may be
made by the generator or treater, based on economics and on the ability
of a particular recovery system to handle a waste stream. EPA considers
processes that separate an organic phase to be recovery (or in some cases
pretreatment) and, hence, acceptable treatment provided the separated
organic phase is reused or further treated by a technology that will
remove the characteristic of ignitability. The aqueous phase would not
require further treatment unless it still exhibited the ignitibility
characteristic (assuming the aqueous phase is not hazardous for any other
reason).
2.4.2 Ignltable Compressed Gases Subcategory
The Agency believes that a numerical standard is not practical for
this subcategory because of the variety of gases that are listed as
D001. The Agency considered the demonstrated technologies for treatment
technology-based standards for compressed ignitable gases. The preferred
(and most likely application) is recovery by direct reuse. Typically,
the contents of the cylinders and the cylinders themselves are directly
reused (i.e., refilled). The second technology that the Agency
considered was incineration by venting the gas onto an incinerator or by
venting the gas into an appropriate adsorbent material (provided that air
emissions can be controlled), followed by incineration of the adsorbed
gas/adsorbent material combination. There may be cases when this will be
preferred over the direct venting of the gas into the incinerator (e.g.,
to reduce the risk of explosion). To comply with the treatment standard
in this case, however, the adsorbed gas must be incinerated to destroy or
remove the characteristic permanently.
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The Agency also reviewed information on additional treatment
technologies that could be used to remove the characteristic of ignitable
compressed gases. This information indicated the reuse option is viable
within the compressed gas industry, except for cases such as cylinders
that have defective valves, that have lost the identity of the
manufacturer, that are lecture bottle size, and that are damaged. In any
of these four cases, the contents in the cylinders must instead be
treated. According to this information, the most prevalent treatment
method is to feed the ignitable gas into a furnace as a fuel source.
Typical compressed gases include the following: propane, methane,
butane, hydrogen, ethane, and acetylene. Therefore, the Agency believes
that fuel substitution is an appropriate treatment technology for
ignitable compressed gases.
The Agency also reviewed information concerning a less common class
of gases in this subcategory called pyrophorics. These gases, because of
their air-reactive characteristics, cannot be vented into an incinerator
without considerable risk. A method of treatment for such gases was
found to be remote control penetration and detonation under a column of
appropriate scrubbing solution. Typical gases in this class are tributyl
aluminum, triethylborane, and tetramethyltin. Another method of
treatment to deactivate the ignitable characteristic in some compressed
gases was described as oxidation in an aqueous medium. Carbonyl sulfide
and methyl mercaptans were noted as being effectively treated by such
oxidation.
It was also found that small-volume containers of ignitable
compressed gases (e.g., aerosol cans of 18 oz or less) can be fed to a
kiln and vented within the kiln itself by the melting of the small cans.
The vented gases are then incinerated in the kiln or afterburner. The
aerosal cans are fed to the kiln at a controlled rate based on the
specific kiln.
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The Agency believes that all the technologies described above can be
used to effectively treat compressed gases and permanently remove the
characteristic of ignitability. As a result, the Agency is promulgating
a treatment standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the
Characteristic of Ignitability" for the Ignitable Compressed Gas
Subcategory. The Agency has established this standard to allow the
regulated community the flexibility to use the "best" technology for the
specific gaseous waste. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of
applicable technologies that used alone or in combination can achieve
this technology standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a
detailed description of all technologies referred to by a five letter
technology code in parentheses.
The treatment standard being promulgated will apply to all forms of
the ignitable compressed gases since the definitions of wastewater and
nonwastewater do not apply to this group of wastes. This standard will
allow the flexibility to use the "best" technology for the specific
gaseous waste.
2.4.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
The Agency believes that the development of a method of treatment is
better than establishment of a numeric standard for ignitable reactive
wastes. Any numerical treatment standards based on the demonstrated
deactivation technologies (i.e., chemical deactivation, thermal
destruction) would be difficult because there is no known analytical test
designed to measure uniformly and equitably the ignitability of these
reactive materials. Additionally, there are no EPA-approved tests that
distinguish the reactive chemical from the deactivated chemical (e.g.,
sodium).
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Information does suggest that all these wastes can be treated by some
form of deactivation (e.g., thermal destruction and controlled chemical
deactivation) to remove the characteristic of ignitability for the D001
Ignitable Reactives. However, the Agency has determined that within the
D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory there appears to be a further
variety of different waste groups, each with a certain degree of
uniqueness with respect to hazard and handling requirements. Therefore,
the Agency believes that the actual method of deactivation chosen for
each waste may be specific to that waste and may be best determined by
the generator or the treater most knowledgeable as to the waste's unique
hazards and handling requirements. Furthermore, the Agency currently has
no information that suggests that one particular technology may be
generally applicable to all wastes within the D001 Ignitable Reactives
Subcategory, nor that there is one particular technology that can be
identified as "best."
Current management practices for some ignitable reactive wastes, such
as calcium carbide slag, involve treatment by controlled deactivation
with water. EPA reviewed information on various other technologies used
for the treatment of wastes in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory.
Technologies for treatment of ignitable reactive wastes such as reactive
alkali metals (sodium or potassium) were chemical deactivation,
stabilization, recovery, and incineration.
The Agency believes that the technologies described above can
effectively treat wastes in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory.
However, the Agency believes that because of the diversity in physical
and chemical forms of the wastes in this subcategory, it is not possible
to determine a "best" technology for all wastes. As a result, the Agency
is promulgating a treatment standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove
the Characteristic of Ignitability" for wastes in this D001 subcategory.
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that
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used alone or in combination can achieve this technology standard. See
also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a detailed description of all
technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses. This treatment standard is established only for
nonwastewaters since ignitable reactive wastes are described as being
very reactive with water and hence cannot exist as wastewaters.
2.4.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
The Agency considered monitoring the treatment of wastes in this
group by the use of a sensor called an oxidation reduction potential
(ORP) cell. The ORP sensor electronically measures, in millivolts, the
level to which the oxidation-reduction reaction has proceeded at any
given time. However, the ORP reading is pH dependent and varies by the
type of oxidizer. Additionally, the Agency has determined that within
the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory there appears to be a further variety of
different waste groups, each with a certain degree of uniqueness with
respect to hazard and handling requirements. As a result, EPA does not
believe that all wastes in this category are amenable to oxidation-
reduction treatment (e.g., nonwastewaters) and that the actual method of
deactivation chosen for each waste may be specific to that waste.
Deactivation technologies may be best determined by the generator or the
treater most knowledgeable as to the waste's unique hazards and handling
requirements. EPA has identified incineration and neutralization as
demonstrated technologies for wastes in the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory.
However, the Agency currently has no information that suggests that one
particular technology may be generally applicable to all wastes within
the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory, nor that there is one particular
technology that can be identified as "best."
The Agency believes a treatment standard of "Deactivation" for wastes
in the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory is appropriate because for these wastes
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the hazardous characteristic is based on imminent hazard (i.e., oxidizers
can react violently with organics or other materials and result in the
rapid generation of fires) rather than on other criteria such as levels
of hazardous constituents, and because technologies exist that can
completely remove this characteristic. Therefore, the Agency is
promulgating a treatment standard of "Deactivation to Remove the
Characteristic of Ignitability" for wastes in the D001 Oxidizers
Subcategory. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable
technologies that used alone or in combination can achieve this
technology standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a detailed
description of all technologies referred to by a five-letter technology
code in parentheses. This standard will give the regulated community the
flexibility to determine the "best" treatment based on the physical and
chemical characteristics of the oxidizer wastes.
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Table 2-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D001
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
[Nonwastwaters]
(High TOC Ignitable Liquids Subcategory - Greater than or equal to
10% total organic carbon)
INCINCERATION (INCIN), FUEL SUBSTITUTION (FSUBS),
OR RECOVERY (RORGS) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
[Nonwastewaters]
(Low TOC Ignitable Liquids Subcategory - Less than
10% total organic carbon)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITIBILITY*
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS 261.21(a)(l)
[Wastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
IGNITABLE COMPRESSED GASES SUBCATEGORY**
261.21(a)(3)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
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Table 2-2 (continued)
IGNITABLE REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.21(a)(2)
[Nonwastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
IGNITABLE OXIDIZERS SUBCATEGORY
261.21(a)(4)
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY*
Incinerators oust comply with 40 CFR, 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0. Fuel substitution units must be
in compliance with 40 CFR Fart 266 Subpart D. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable
technologies that used alone or in a combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42,
Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses.
Ignitable gases may be vented directly into an incinerator or reactor or vented into a suitable
adsorbent prior to treatment. Although the gases, once vented, are no longer compresscid in a
cylinder, the Agency does not consider that treatment has occurred until the ignitable gas has been
incinerated or otherwise treated. Adsorption of the ignitable gas into either a solid or liquid
adsorbent is typically a reversible physical process. Thus, the ignitable chemical ban not been
destroyed.
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3. CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002)
According to 40 CFR 261.22(a), there are two criteria for defining a
waste as a D002 corrosive waste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D002 waste if (1) it is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal
to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5 or (2) it is a liquid and corrodes
steel at a specified rate at a specified temperature.
EPA determined that these criteria translate into three subcategories
for D002 wastes. The first two subcategories are classified as the D002
Acid Subcategory and the D002 Alkaline Subcategory and refer to those
D002 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in 40 CFR 261.22(a)(1).
The D002 Acid Subcategory is defined as those wastes with a pH of less
than or equal to 2, and the D002 Alkaline Subcategory is defined as those
wastes with a pH of greater than or equal to 12.5. Also by definition,
D002 wastes in the Acid Subcategory and Alkaline Subcategory include only
wastes that are considered to be "aqueous." This is because standard pH
measurement can be performed only in the presence of water (i.e., pH is
an indication of the concentration of hydrogen ions in water). The third
subcategory is classified as the D002 Other Corrosives Subcategory and is
defined as those D002 wastes that exhibit corrosivity to steel as listed
in 40 CFR 261.22(a)(2). These are often nonaqueous corrosive wastes such
as certain organic liquids. They may also be aqueous liquids with a pH
between 2 and 12.5.
3.1 Waste Characterization
The Agency realizes that the compositions of D002 can vary signifi-
cantly, and hence it is impossible to characterize every D002 waste
stream that can be generated. Consequently, the Agency based its BOAT
development on generalizations from the definition in 40 CFR and limited
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characterization data. The data available for D002 single waste streams
are shown in Table B-l in Appendix B.
Most of corrosive wastes are acidic (82 percent) and inorganic
(82 percent) and are characterized as dilute (94.3 percent liquids).
Typically, corrosive wastes that are disposed of by deep well injection
are likely to contain toxic organics, whereas landfilled wastes are
likely (38 percent) to contain heavy metals (Wilk, Palmer, and Breton
1988).
3.1.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
D002 wastes in the Acid Subcategory commonly include concentrated
spent acids, acidic wastewaters, and spent acid strippers and cleaners.
Similarly, those wastes in the Alkaline Subcategory typically include
concentrated spent bases, alkaline wastewaters, and spent alkaline
strippers and cleaners. Most D002 wastes generated are in the Acid
Subcategory. Wastes from both subcategories are generated by almost
every industry and represent a significant proportion of all hazardous
wastes.
3.1.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
D002 wastes in the Other Corrosives Subcategory are generated on a
sporadic basis and generally in low volumes. The Agency suspects that
these wastes are often identified as corrosives without performing the
specified testing with steel (i.e., the corrosivity of the waste may be
assumed because of the presence of known corrosive constituents). This
may also be due, in part, to the high cost of testing and to the
difficulties in finding laboratories that are experienced in steel
corrosion testing.
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The physical and chemical characteristics of this group of wastes
vary greatly. These wastes may be aqueous or organic. In addition, a
large variety of corrosive chemicals may be constituents in this type of
corrosive waste. The ability of the waste to corrode the tested steel
(i.e., SAE 1020 steel) depends on the concentration of corrosive
chemicals. Chemicals that may contribute to this corrosivity include
ferric chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, benzotrichloride, acetyl
chloride, formic acid, hydrofluoric acid, some catalysts, various resins,
metal cleaners, and etchants. Highly concentrated acids that have no
water content may also be included in this subcategory since pH
measurements are not possible on these types of wastes.
3.2 Industries Affected
Because of the diverse nature and magnitude (over 2,500 generators)
of the industries generating D002 wastes, EPA will not attempt to
describe every industry that generates characteristic corrosive wastes.
Table B-l in Appendix B presents information from a number of RCRA
permitted facilities that generated D002 wastes in 1986. The approximate
volumes produced and a description of the industries generating the
wastes are included on the table. This information has been gathered
from the 1986 EPA Generator Survey. Confidential business information is
not included. Table B-2 provides industrial generation information on a
percentage basis (Wilk, Palmer, and Breton 1988).
3.2.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
Wastes from both of these subcategories are generated by nearly every
industry and represent a significant proportion of all hazardous wastes.
The primary industrial applications for acids and bases that result in
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generation of corrosive wastes are (1) use as chemical intermediates in
the inorganic and organic chemical manufacturing industries; (2) use as
metal cleaning agents in metal production and fabrication industries; and
(3) use in boiler blowdown and stack gas treatment, primarily in
electricity generating facilities. Other significant corrosive waste
sources include refining processes in the petroleum industry and pulping
liquor in the paper industry.
3.2.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
Most of these wastes are generated by the chemicals industry and are
byproducts or cleaning wastes. Concentrated phenolics generated by the
petroleum industry are included in this subcategory. "Other organic
liquids" classified as D002 are generated by the noncellulosic organic
fibers industry, the plastic materials and resins industry, and the paper
coating and glazing industry.
3.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D002 wastes. To be applicable,
a technology must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question
or a similar waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed
in full-scale operation for the treatment of the waste in question or a
similar waste.
3.3.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
These subcategories have been defined as hazardous because of their
extremes in pH. The technology identified by EPA as applicable for
treatment of these wastes are technologies that neutralize the waste,
thereby rendering it noncorrosive with respect to pH (i.e., pH less than
2 or greater than 12.5). Any neutralization technology (i.e., the
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addition of acid or alkali to change the pH to an appropriate value) will
completely remove the characteristic of corrosivity. Many facilities
generate waste streams from both the acid subcategory and the alkaline
subcategory (often from different processes). These facilities commonly
use these acid and alkaline waste streams to neutralize each other. This
situation also occurs at commercial hazardous waste treatment facilities,
in that the facilities will take acid wastes from various generators and
neutralize them with alkaline wastes from other generators. The Agency
has information indicating that most D002 wastes in both the acid and
alkaline subcategories are already being treated by neutralization; thus,
neutralization is demonstrated to treat such wastes (USEPA 1989c).
Commercial acid and bases (neutralizing reagents) are also used to
complete neutralization processes and often are used only for pH
adjustment of final wastewater discharges. The choice of neutralizing
reagents is dependent upon the subcategory of the waste, i.e., the acid
wastes will require bases for neutralization and alkaline wastes will
require acids. Alkaline reagents commonly used to neutralize strongly
acidic waste streams include high-calcium lime and caustic soda. For the
treatment of dilute acidic waste streams, limestone treatment may also be
feasible. Mineral acids such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid are the
primary reagents used for the neutralization of corrosive alkaline waste
streams (Wilk, Palmer, and Breton 1988).
Pretreatment requirements prior to neutralization typically consist
of gross solids removal (i.e., filtration), flow equalization, or
treatment of individual waste streams before combining with other process
wastes. Treatment of segregated wastes for purposes other than pH
adjustment results in economic benefits from reduced reagent costs and
smaller equipment sizing. Common pretreatment processes include cyanide
destruction, chromium reduction, metals precipitation from highly
chelated wastes, and oil removal.
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The Agency reviewed information indicating that incineration is also
applicable for D002 wastes, especially for organic acids, mixed D001/D002
waste streams, and other D002 wastes with organic constituents.
Pollution control devices on incinerators remove corrosive gases from
burning D002 wastes, and scrubber waters can be neutralized if
necessary. The Agency also has data indicating that many D002 waste
streams are currently being incinerated. Therefore, the Agency believes
that this technology is demonstrated for D002 wastes.
In addition to neutralization and incineration technologies, the
Agency has information indicating that several facilities are recovering
wastes belonging to the D002 Acid Subcategory and D002 Alkaline
Subcategory. Hence, the Agency believes that recovery technologies are
also demonstrated to treat D002 acid and alkaline wastes.
3.3.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
For D002 wastes in the Other Corrosives Subcategory, deactivation
(i.e., chemical treatment) appears to be an applicable treatment option.
In some cases, deactivation of the corrosive constituents of the waste
with an appropriate chemical reagent will render the constituent
noncorrosive. An example of this treatment would be the reaction of
benzene sulfonyl chloride with dilute sodium hydroxide solution under
carefully controlled conditions, which will yield a solution containing
sodium benzene-sulfonate and sodium chloride that no longer has any of
the characteristics of a hazardous waste.
Incineration of D002 wastes that contain high concentrations of
corrosive organics is also a common practice. The Agency received
information from facilities that are currently incinerating wastes in
this subcategory. Based on this information, the Agency believes that
this technology is applicable. Since the Agency has now identified
several facilities incinerating wastes in this subcategory; incineration
is also demonstrated.
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Removal and recovery of either organic or inorganic corrosive
constituents may also be an applicable technology that could render these
wastes noncorrosive. Recovery could involve extraction of the corrosive
constituents, until the waste itself is no longer considered corrosive
(to SAE 1020 steel). Organics present in the wastewater may be recovered
by technologies such as distillation, steam stripping, solvent
extraction, or thin film evaporation. The Agency has identified at least
one facility using recovery technologies for treatment of D002 wastes in
this subcategory and, therefore, recovery is demonstrated to treat D002
wastes (USEPA 1989d).
3.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
The Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating
potential treatment standards for D002 characteristic wastes:
(1) propose numerical treatment standards and (2) establish a method of
treatment.
It is important to point out that the residues from all
neutralization processes may possibly be considered hazardous wastes by
other hazardous waste definitions. In particular, the neutralization
sludge residues may exhibit the characteristic of EP toxicity for metals.
Residues from the treatment of D002 wastes, if hazardous, will be subject
to the appropriate treatment standards.
3.4.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
EPA considered a treatment standard of "Base Neutralization to pH 6
to 9 and Insoluble Salts" for the D002 Acidic Subcategory. Likewise, EPA
considered a treatment standard of "Acid Neutralization to pH 6 to 9 and
Insoluble Salts" for the D002 Alkaline Subcategory.
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The Agency considered requiring neutralization to a pH of 6 to 9
instead of pH 2 to 12.5 for several reasons. First, hydronium ions from
acids solubilize metals from clay liners, impacting their ability to act
as barriers to migration. Moreover, acid wastes between pH 2 and 6 can
increase the mobility of many hazardous constituents in ground water
relative to wastes in the pH range of 6 to 9. Another reason the Agency
considered pH 6 to 9 was that this range matches the buffering of natural
aquatic systems based on carbonate/bicarbonate pH relationships (i.e., pH
5.5 and 8.5 are carbonate/bicarbonate pH levels, indicating what are
referred to as the acidity and alkalinity (respectively) of an aqueous
environmental sample).
EPA reviewed much information pertaining to the pH range of 6 to 9
for D002 acid and alkaline wastes. Some of this information indicates
that a 6 to 9 pH requirement would cause operational problems (such as
plugging) in underground injection wells. Many injection wells operate
at a pH of less than 6 so metals do not precipitate out of solution and
cause plugging problems in either the injection unit itself or further
inside the well. Specific pH ranges are typically required in permits
for many underground injection wells and are typically at levels less
than pH 6 to ensure that injected fluid flows properly through the
injection zone without plugging.
Other information indicates that requiring a pH of 6 to 9 would cause
severe disruptions in most metals removal treatment systems. A pH of 10
is often considered optimum for removal of most metals from wastewaters.
These treatment systems generally consist of chemical precipitation in
tanks to remove metals followed by neutralization of the effluent in
surface impoundments prior to discharge.
The Agency also received information documenting enormous disruptions
of existing wastewater treatment systems that would occur with a 6 to 9
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pH requirement. For example, every surface impoundment or injection well
receiving commingled wastes (some of which were D002 corrosive wastes at
the point of generation, but once commingled were above pH 2 (or below pH
12.5) and therefore no longer considered hazardous by 40 CFR 261.22) that
were outside of the pH 6 to 9 range would be in violation of the
standard. This would affect thousands of such units (most of which are
RCRA Subtitle D units and hence not presently affected by RCRA
Subtitle C).
The Agency also knows of a facility that is treating an acidic D002
waste only to a pH of 4.5 prior to commingling with other wastes that
require biodegradation. This is done to counter the production of
alkaline ammonia during the biodegradation process and thereby aids in
maintaining a "neutral" pH in the biodegradation process.
As a result of information reviewed on pH ranges and for the reasons
mentioned below, the Agency is not promulgating a pH range of 6 to 9.
EPA believes that the following citations indicate precedence in the
Agency's position of defining neutralization as treatment for corrosive
wastes. In 40 CFR 260.10, EPA defines "treatment," in part, as "... any
method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to
change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of
any hazardous waste so as to neutralize such waste, ..., or so as to
render such waste nonhazardous. or less hazardous; ..." (emphasis
added). In addition, 40 CFR 260.10 also defines, in part, an "elementary
neutralization unit" as "... a device which: (1) Is used for
neutralizing wastes that are hazardous only because they exhibit the
corrosivitv characteristic defined in 261.22 of this chapter, or they are
listed in Subpart D of Part 261 of the chapter only for this reason; ..."
(emphasis added). Thus, the Agency believes that any process that
removes the corrosive characteristic of wastes in the D002 Acids and
Alkaline Subcategories (i.e., a process that changes the pH levels to
3-9
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greater than 2 but less than 12.5) thereby renders these wastes
"nonhazardous" and is therefore considered to be treatment by virtue of
the policy established in the aforementioned citations.
EPA believes that while desirable in some cases, "neutralization" of
wastes in the D002 Acidic and Alkaline subcategories does not have to be
accomplished specifically through the use of the corresponding
neutralization chemicals (i.e., acids to neutralize the alkaline
subcategory and bases to neutralize the acidic subcategory). Almost all
chemicals (including water, which dissociates into hydronium and
hydroxide ions) have some acid character (acidity) and some basic
character (alkalinity) depending upon the reference chemical. According
to the "Lewis Acid Theory," an acid is a substance that can take up an
electron pair to form a covalent bond and a base is a substance that can
furnish an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Thus, an acid is an
electron-pair acceptor, and a base is an electron-pair donor. A proton
is an acid because it is deficient in electrons and needs an electron
pair to complete its valence shell. Hydroxide ion is a base because it
contains electron pairs available for sharing (Morrison and Boyd 1983).
As previously mentioned, almost all chemicals have both these qualities
to some degree.
Furthermore, if the Agency required treatment with specific chemicals
(i.e., acids and bases) to achieve the treatment standard, it is not
always necessary to use chemicals that are specifically identified as
commercial acids or bases to achieve treatment of D002 wastes. In fact,
many facilities generate both acidic and alkaline wastes (often from
different processes) and commonly use them to neutralize each other.
This situation also occurs at commercial hazardous waste treatment
facilities, in that the facilities take acid wastes from various
generators and neutralize them with alkaline wastes from other
generators. In general, commercial acids and bases are used to complete
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the neutralization processes and often are used only for pH adjustment of
the final wastewater discharges. The mixing of D002 corrosive wastes
with other wastewaters (even other acidic, noncorrosive wastes) will
contribute to an overall neutralization due to the resultant change in
pH. This is because pH is merely a measure of the concentration of
hydronium ions (H ) in water and is dependent upon the equilibrium
constant for the dissociation of water into hydronium and hydroxide ions
(as previously discussed). As more water is present, the equilibrium
will be shifted and thereby increase the pH; resulting in
"neutralization." Because of this, EPA is specifically allowing mixing
of D002 wastes with each other and with other wastewaters to remove the
characteristic of corrosivity (i.e., resulting in a pH between 2 and
12.5). However, EPA's allowance of mixing wastes to remove corrosivity
does not override other prohibitions on dilution of wastes for other
purposes (i.e., this does not override other dilution prohibitions that
may be applicable for other wastes).
The Agency believes that it is important to consider the solubility
of the salts produced as a result of neutralization. The Agency believes
that wastewater discharges with high concentrations of dissolved salts,
such as sodium sulfate, could enhance algal growth and potentially have
adverse impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, EPA considered, as
part of the D002 acids and alkaline treatment standards, neutralization
and formation of insoluble salts, even though they would result in an
insoluble sludge that would require landfilling.
The Agency reviewed much information concerning the generation of
insoluble salts. This information indicates that neutralization and
formation of insoluble salts is either impractical or technically
impossible for some commonly used acids and bases that become D002 wastes
such as organic acids, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and other acid halides. Because the common
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salts generated from the neutralization of these particular acids and
bases are very soluble in water, the proposed requirement to generate
insoluble salts would result in treatment with exotic chemicals in order
to comply (if creation of an insoluble salt is possible at all). This is
further supported by the fact that almost all nitrate and chloride salts
of the major metals are very soluble in water. The most insoluble
chloride salts are mercurous chloride and silver chloride. A requirement
to form these salts would be impractical and may even be the generate of
a hazardous waste. Information on the solubility of salts is presented
in Table 3-1.
EPA also recognized that requiring the formation of insoluble salts
would negate using alkaline and acidic process wastes generated onsite to
co-neutralize each other. This would, in effect, result in double the
volume of insoluble salts that would have to be disposed of and would use
up valuable virgin commercial acids and bases that otherwise would not be
needed. As stated in the preceding sections of this discussion on
corrosive wastes, the Agency does not intend to preclude such onsite
neutralization with wastes and believes that this would probably result
in an unnecessary use of virgin materials for waste treatment.
Additionally, in many cases for D002 wastes that contain organics,
neutralization is often a necessary pretreatment step for other treatment
processes (such as steam stripping, biological treatment, and/or carbon
adsorption) that remove or destroy the organics in the waste. If a
sludge must be formed during the neutralization process, organic
constituents that could have been destroyed or removed while in the
wastewaters are instead transferred to the solid phase where they will be
either disposed of untreated or where they may require treatment with
incineration.
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Table 3-1 Solubility Information
Table of Solubilities
CO
i
Aluminum
Ammonium
Barium
Calcium
Cupric
Ferrous
Ferric
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercurous
Mercuric
Potassium
Silver
Sodium
Stannous
Stannic
Stroatium
Zinc
Acetate
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
P
S
S
P
S
d
S
S
S
S = soluble in
and in
water; a
Bromide Carbonate Chlorate Chloride Chromate Hydroxide
S
S S
S P
S S
S
S P
S
S A
S P
S P
A A
S
S S
a A
S S
S
S
S P
S P
water; A = soluble in acids.
= slightly soluble in acids,
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
a
S
S
a
S
S
S
S
S
insoluble in water; P
insoluble in water;
A
S
A S
S S
A
A
A A
A P
S A
A
P
P A
S S
P
S S
A A
S P
P S
P A
Iodine Nitrate
S
S
S
S
S
S
P
S
S
A
P
S
I
S
S
d
S
S
= partially soluble in water,
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
d
S
S
soluble
Oxide Phosphate Silicate Sulfate
a
S
P
A
A
A
P
A
A
A
P
S
P
S
A
A
S
P
in dilute
A
S
A
P
A
A
P
A
P
P
A
A
S
A
S
A
A
A
acids;
I S
S
S a
P P
A S
S
P
A P
A S
I S
P
d
S S
P
S S
S
S
A P
A S
I = insoluble in dilute
Sulfide
d
S
d
P
A
A
d
A
d
A
I
I
S
A
S
A
A
S
A
acids
d = decomposes in water.
Rules of Solubility
1 . Common
2 . Common
3 . Common
4 . Common
5 . Common
6 . Common
sodium,
nitrates
potassium, and ammonium compcii
, acetates, and chlorates are
chlorides are soluble except silver,
sulfates
are soluble except calcium,
nds are soluble in water.
soluble.
mercurous, and lead.
(Lead chloride is
soluble in
hot water
.)
barium, strontium, and lead.
carbonates, phosphates, and silicates
sulf ides
are insoluble except calcium,
are insoluble except
bar-ium, strontium,
sodium, potassium.
magnesium, sodium,
and ammonium.
potassium,
and ammonium.
Source: Castka 1962.
-------
As a result of the information discussed, the Agency does not believe
that requiring neutralization to insoluble salts and the use of acids and
bases to provide neutralization for wastes in the D002 acid and alkaline
subcategories is the "best" technology.
The Agency also reviewed information indicating that incineration is
applicable for D002 wastes, especially for organic acids, mixed D001/D002
waste streams, and other D002 wastes with organics. Pollution control
devices on incinerators will remove corrosive gases from the burning of
these D002 wastes. Alkaline scrubber waters are often employed in these
air pollution control devices in order to neutralize acidic emissions.
Recovery options have been demonstrated for a variety of corrosive
wastes. The Agency prefers recovery as a treatment standard, in that it
results in no discharge of acidic or alkaline constituents into the
environment and conserves resources. The legislative history of the land
disposal restriction provisions also indicates that recovery is the
preferred management alternative. The Agency lacks waste characteriza-
tion data that indicate the wastes that are most amenable to recovery;
therefore, the choice between treatment and recovery may be made by the
generator or the centralized treatment operation, according to the
applicability and performance of a given type of acid/base recovery
system.
The Agency considered promulgating a treatment standard as a
specified technology, namely "Neutralization." However, the Agency found
that in certain case, "incineration" and "recovery" processes were also
quite applicable to wastes in these subcategories. In addition, many
D002 wastes also are hazardous for other reasons and may require that
treatment processes in addition to neutralization, incineration, or
recovery be employed. For example, a facility may have interpreted that
biodegradation would have been precluded from use for a D002 waste that
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also contained organics. Since biodegradation may have actually been a
technically viable alternative for this waste, the facility would have
had to submit a petition for a treatability variance. While the Agency
probably would have granted it, the variance process would have created
an unnecessary burden on both the regulatory and regulated community, and
probably without incurring any additional protection of human health and
the environment.
As a result, EPA is promulgating a general treatment standard for
wastes in the D002 Acid and Alkaline Subcategories that allows the use of
any appropriate treatment technology, namely, "Deactivation (DEACT) to
Remove the Characteristic of Corrosivity." This means that the facility
may use any treatment (including neutralization achieved through mixing
with other wastewaters) that results in a pH above 2 but less than 12.5
and thereby removes the characteristic of corrosivity. See 40 CFR 268
Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that used alone or in
combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1,
for a technical description of the technologies referred to by a five-
letter technology code in parentheses.
By establishing this treatment standard, the Agency believes that a
variance from this standard could be considered for D002 wastes that
cannot be effectively treated to meet the standard (40 CFR 268.44). Such
a situation could occur for small quantities of corrosive materials
containing extremely toxic or otherwise hazardous chemicals that may
cause an unnecessary risk during treatment.
The Agency is aware that regulations were promulgated for liquid
wastes having a pH of less than or equal to 2.0 in the California List
final rule (52 FR 25760) by codifying the statutory level of pH greater
than 2.0 into 40 CFR 268.32. This rulemaking, however, is not adequate
to address the universe of D002 wastes. The California List restrictions
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apply only to liquid "acidic corrosive wastes," without specifically
identifying them as D002 wastes. Furthermore, the California List final
rule did not specify a pH adjustment as a required treatment standard; in
fact, the waste may be merely rendered nonliquid prior to land disposal
and still satisfy the California List requirements. Therefore, the
Agency is promulgating treatment standards for D002 wastes that will
supersede the California List regulations because these standards are
more specific.
This background document does not specifically address corrosive
solids in the Acid or Alkaline Subcategory because there is not a
definition of corrosive solids in 40 CFR 261.22(a)(l) at this time.
Until the Agency amends 40 CFR 261.22(a)(l) to include a definition for
corrosive solids and promulgates a treatment technology, generators must
prudently handle wastes with regard to known hazards. Although not
required under current regulations, many generators of corrosive solids
prefer to classify these wastes as D002 corrosives and choose waste
management and disposal protocols accordingly in an added effort to
protect the environment.
3.4.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
The physical and chemical characteristics of this group of wastes
vary greatly. The wastes may be aqueous or they may be primarily
organic. Corrosive solids may also be classified in this Subcategory.
In addition, a large variety of corrosive chemicals may appear as
constituents in this type of corrosive waste. Depending on the
concentration of these corrosive chemicals, they may corrode SAE 2010
steel.
Wastes in the Other Corrosives Subcategory are often treated by
deactivating the corrosive constituents of the waste with an appropriate
chemical reagent. Wastes that contain high concentrations of corrosive
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organics are often incinerated; however, because of the great variety of
potential corrosive organics, the Agency does not believe that it should
establish concentration-based standards based on incineration for these
D002 wastes. Removal and recovery of either organic or inorganic
corrosive constituents may also be applicable technologies since recovery
could extract the corrosive constituents until the waste itself is no
longer corrosive to steel.
EPA believes that a flexible standard is appropriate for wastes in
the D002 Other Corrosive Subcategory and is promulgating a treatment
standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic of
Corrosivity." See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable
technologies that used alone or in combination can achieve this
standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the
technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses. This standard will allow the use of the "best" treatment
based on the chemical and physical characteristics of the waste.
The Agency believes that this is an appropriate approach for these
wastes since the hazardous characteristic is based on imminent hazard
(i.e., the corrosivity to steel may cause rupture of a tank or container,
thus releasing the contents either suddenly or through leaks), rather
than on other criteria such as levels of hazardous constituents.
Additionally, by establishing this standard, the Agency believes that a
variance from it could then be considered for D002 wastes that could not
be effectively deactivated.
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Table 3-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for D002
ACID SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
ALKALINE SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
OTHER CORROSIVES SUBCATETORY
261.22(a)2
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF CORROSIVITY*
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that can be used alone or In
combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of
the technologies indicated by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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4. CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003)
According to 40 CFR 261.23(a), there are eight criteria for defining
a waste as a D003 Reactive Waste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D003 waste if (1) it is unstable and readily undergoes violent
changes without detonating; (2) it reacts violently with water; (3) it
forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; (4) when mixed with
water, it generates toxic gases; (5) it is a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing
waste that, under certain conditions, can generate toxic gases; (6) it is
capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a
strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; (7) it is
readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at
standard temperature and pressure; or (8) it is a forbidden explosive, a
Class A explosive, or a Class B explosive.
EPA determined that these eight criteria translated directly into
five treatability groups for D003 wastes. The first treatability group
is classified as the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory and refers to those
D003 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in 40 CFR 261.23(a)(5) for
cyanide. The second treatability group is classified as the Explosives
Subcategory and refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the properties
listed in 40 CFR 261.23(a)(6) through 261.23(a)(8). The third
treatability group is classified as the Water Reactives Subcategory and
refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in 40 CFR
261.23(a)(2) through 262.23(a)(4). The fourth treatability group is
classified as the Reactive Sulfides Subcategory and refers to those D003
wastes that exhibit the properties listed in 40 CFR 261.23(a)(5) for
sulfide. The fifth treatability group is classified as the Other
Reactives Subcategory and refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the
properties listed in 40 CFR 261.23(a)(1).
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4.1 Waste Characterization
The Agency realizes that the compositions of D003 wastes can vary
significantly; hence, the Agency will not attempt to characterize every
D003 waste stream that can be generated. Consequently, the Agency bases
its BOAT development on a generalization of characteristics for each of
the five subcategories listed previously. Tables D-l and D-2 in
Appendix D present some characterization for the RCRA-permitted
facilities that generate D003 and D003 wastes mixed with other
RCRA-listed and characteristic wastes, respectively.
4.1.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory are, by definition,
those cyanide-bearing wastes that generate toxic gases (assumed to be
hydrogen cyanide) when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 in a
sufficient quantity to present a danger to human health and the
environment. EPA's approved analytical procedures can be found in SW-846
Volume 1C, Chapter 7 (USEPA 1986b), which defines the characteristic and
regulation of reactive wastes. Specifically, Section 7.3.3.2 describes
the "test method to determine hydrogen cyanide released from wastes,"
which outlines the correct procedure of hydrogen cyanide gas liberation
from reactive wastes. Method 9010 is the analytical method for
quantitatively determining reactive cyanide concentrations.
The majority (by volume) of all D003 wastes that are generated can be
identified as belonging to the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory. These are
typically solid cyanide compounds from plating operations and rinse
waters from electroplating or heat treating. The data in Table D-3 in
Appendix D show that the nonwastewaters can contain concentrations up to
70 percent cyanide and the wastewaters can contain up to 720 ppm cyanide.
4-2
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A.1.2 Explosives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Explosives Subcategory are, by definition, those
wastes that are (1) capable of detonation or explosive reaction if
subjected to a strong initiating source; (2) if heated under confinement,
readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at
standard temperature and pressure; or (3) a forbidden explosive as
defined in 49 CFR 173.51, a Class A explosive as defined in 49 CFR
173.53, or a Class B explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.88. These
definitions, as presented in 49 CFR Part 173, can be found in Appendix E
of this document. The Agency has chosen to rely on the current
descriptive definition of D003 explosive wastes primarily because the
available tests for measuring the various classes of wastes embraced by
the reactivity definition suffer from some deficiencies.
While these wastes are not generated as frequently as the reactive
cyanides, they are generated more often than all other reactive
subcategories. The available characterization data for this subcategory
are shown on Tables D-4 and D-5 in Appendix D. These data show wastes
containing nitrocellulose, ethyl centralite, isomers of TNT,
nitroglycerin, and other explosive compounds. Most of these wastes in
the Explosive Subcategory appear to be solids.
4.1.3 Water Reactives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Water Reactives Subcategory can be either organic
or inorganic in nature. All of these wastes (1) react violently with
water; (2) form potentially explosive mixtures with water; or (3) when
mixed with water, generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity
sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment. These
wastes are generated on a sporadic basis and generally in low volumes.
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Wastes believed to be in the Water Reactive Subcategory are shown in
Table D-6 in Appendix D. Wastes in the Water Reactives Subcategory
include waste batteries (probably lithium), slags generated by the gray
iron foundries industry, and scrap alkali metals. Additionally, wastes
containing benzalchloride are water reactive. Benzotrichloride exists as
an unstable liquid that fumes in air and hydrolyzes in the presence of
moisture, forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids.
4.1.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Reactive Sulfides Subcategory are, by definition,
those sulfide-bearing wastes that generate toxic gases (assumed to be
H,,S) when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 in a sufficient
quantity to present a danger to human health and the environment.
Currently, the accepted method for quantitatively determining reactive
sulfides is outlined in SW-846, Volume 1C, Section 7.3.3.2 and in Method
9030 (USEPA 1986b). The Agency believes that some of these wastes may be
contaminated with organic sulfides such as mercaptans. The data in
Table D-7 in Appendix D show that petroleum wastes can contain up to
60 percent sulfides. These wastes are by BDAT definition
nonwastewaters. The wastewaters can contain up to 4.3 percent sulfides.
4.1.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Other Reactives Subcategory are wastes that are
normally unstable and readily undergo violent change without detonating.
These wastes may be either organic or inorganic. Information suggests
that these wastes are infrequently generated and probably in small
quantities. The data in Table D-8 in Appendix D show characterization
data for wastes believed to be in the D003 Other Reactives Subcategory.
Most of these wastes are reactive or polymerizable organics generated
during halogenation and may contain fluorine.
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4 . 2 Industries Affected
Because of the diversity of industries generating D003 wastes, the
Agency will not describe every industry that generates characteristic
reactive wastes. Tables D-l and D-2 in Appendix D present industry
descriptions of the RCRA-permitted facilities that generated D003 wastes
and D003 mixed wastes, respectively. The approximate volumes produced
and the current waste management practices are also included on both
tables. This information has been gathered from the 1986 EPA TSDR Survey
(USEPA 1986a). Confidential business information (CBI) is not included.
The following are brief summaries describing by subcategory the
industries that will be affected by the land disposal ban of D003 wastes.
4.2.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
As stated in the waste characterization section, the majority of all
D003 wastes generated can be identified as belonging to the Reactive
Cyanides Subcategory. These D003 wastes typically have been identified
as being generated by the electroplating and metal finishing industries
and include mixed cyanide salts, cyanide solutions, and cyanide-bearing
sludges.
4.2.2 Explos ives Subcategory
These wastes typically have been identified as being generated by the
explosives industry during the production of ammunition, by the space
industry during the production of rocket fuels, and by the U.S.
Department of Defense. The medical industry also generates an explosive
waste possibly containing nitroglycerin, since this compound is used in
heart medicine.
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4.2.3 Water Reactives Subcategory
The generators of wastes in this subcategory are primarily those
industries using or producing alkali metals, for example, the chemicals
industry and a few segments of the nonferrous metals industry. Other
generators include facilities discarding lithium batteries. The organic
chemicals industry also generates wastes containing benzalchloride.
4.2.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
Industries generating wastes containing reactive sulfides include the
industrial organic chemicals industry during "cleanout of equipment," the
petroleum industry during "cleanout of production processes," and the
inorganic chemicals industry during "filtration/centrifuging" processes.
4.2.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency has limited information concerning wastes in this
subcategory. It is believed that most wastes in the Other Reactives
Subcategory are generated mainly by the organic chemicals industry during
halogenation processes.
4.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D003 wastes and current
management practices for these wastes. To be applicable, a technology
must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question or a similar
waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar-
waste.
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Most generators of D003 wastes are currently performing some form of
treatment. The reason for this is that reactive wastes are already
restricted from placement in surface impoundments, waste piles, land
treatment units, and landfills according to 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256,
264.281, and 264.312, respectively. The following paragraph is
paraphrased from the CFR for disposal requirements for reactive wastes:
Reactive waste must not be placed in a surface impoundment, waste
pile, land treatment unit, or landfill, unless the following
conditions are met: (1) the waste is treated, rendered, or mixed
before or immediately after placement in the impoundment so that the
resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets
the definition of reactive waste; (2) the owner or operator of a
facility that treats, stores, or disposes of reactive waste takes
precautions to prevent reactions that generate extreme heat or
pressure, fire or explosions, or violent reactions; produce
uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient
quantities to threaten human health or the environment; produce
uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to
pose a risk of fire or explosions; damage the structural integrity of
the device or facility; or threaten human health or the environment
through other like means; (3) the waste is managed in such a way that
it is protected from any material or conditions that may cause it to
ignite or react.
4.3.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
Reactive cyanide wastes are already restricted from disposal in
landfills under existing regulations of wastes containing reactive
listing constituents. Under the California List restrictions, the
statute already prohibits liquid wastes having free cyanide
concentrations in excess of 1,000 mg/kg (ppm) from being land disposed,
4-7
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as codified in 40 CFR 268.31. However, these restrictions refer to these
wastes only as "cyanide wastes" without specifically identifying them as
D003 wastes or any of the other wastes listed for their cyanide content.
The statutory restriction did not specify any treatment technology, nor
did it establish the 1,000 mg/kg as a "treatment standard." While these
liquid reactive cyanide wastes are not typically placed in most types of
land disposal units, it is possible that some have been or are being
placed in surface impoundments. Technologies considered to be applicable/
demonstrated to treat wastes in the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory are
those technologies that destroy the cyanide in the waste.
EPA has identified six technologies as potentially applicable for
treatment of cyanides in both wastewaters and nonwastewaters:
(1) electrolytic oxidation; (2) chemical oxidation with several oxidizing
agents, such as hypochlorite or chlorine (alkaline chlorination),
permanganate, ozone, or SO^/air (Inco process); (3) wet air oxidation;
(4) high temperature cyanide hydrolysis; and (5) incineration. The first
four technologies are most effective in treatment of cyanide in wastes
that contain primarily dissolved or soluble cyanide salts, but are also
applicable to treatment of wastewater treatment sludges and other solids
that contain treatable concentrations of cyanide. Incineration is
applicable to nonwastewater forms of the wastes.
Electrolytic oxidation followed by alkaline chlorination, chemical
oxidation (alkaline chlorination or other methods) alone, electrolytic
oxidation alone, wet air oxidation, and high temperature hydrolysis
reduce the concentration of cyanide in the wastewaters or nonwastewaters
treated. These technologies fully destroy the amenable cyanide present
in the waste but treat the complexed cyanides to varying degrees,
depending on, among other things, the stability of the metal-cyanide
complex and the severity of the oxidizing agent and reaction conditions.
Iron cyanide complexes are typically the most resistant to oxidation
treatment.
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EPA has identified incineration as an applicable technology for
treatment of cyanide in wastes containing high concentrations of
organics. Incineration is a thermal treatment process that destroys the
organic and oxidizable inorganic waste constituents. Incineration of
this waste generates an ash and a scrubber water that may require further
treatment for metallic constituents if present.
Available information shows that electrolytic oxidation followed by
alkaline chlorination, alkaline chlorination alone, wet air oxidation,
high temperature hydrolysis, S02/air oxidation, and incineration
demonstrated for treatment of concentrated cyanide-containing wastes.
The Agency believes that most D003 Reactive Cyanides are already being
treated by alkaline chlorination or electrolytic oxidation. They
typically contain high concentrations of the cyanide compounds. Many
oxidation/reduction technologies, such as alkaline chlorination or
electrolytic oxidation, are believed to be able to lower the
concentration of cyanide so that the waste will not contain reactive
levels of cyanides, thereby removing the hazardous characteristic.
4.3.2 Explosives Subcategory
The Agency has identified chemical oxidation/reduction and
incineration as applicable methods of treatment. These processes
permanently remove the explosive characteristic of D003 waste permanently
by thermal or chemical destruction of explosive constituents.
Incineration is a technology that destroys the organic constituents
in the waste by converting them to carbon dioxide, water, and other
combustion products. Incineration may result in residuals that may
require treatment because of their metal content. Specifically, the
residuals consist of ash and scrubber water. Incineration of highly
explosive constituents may require treatment in units that are specially
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designed and fitted with certain explosion-proof equipment. These types
of units are not typically found at commercial incineration facilities.
the Agency is aware that these types of units are currently used for many
of the DOD explosive wastes.
Improper management of the ash/residue generated from the treatment
of explosive wastes may result in environmental contamination through the
air, soil, and subsurface and surface water pathways. For example, the
ash generated from thermal treament must be sampled to determine whether
it is a hazardous waste through the use of the reactivity and EP toxicity
analyses. The Department of Defense (DOD) community typically uses the
Bureau of Mines gap test and the detonation deflagration transition test
to determine whether a sample is reactive (Department of the Army 1987);
however, there is no approved EPA method.
Additionally, the thermal treatment of some reactive hazardous wastes
may generate residues that may contain nitrates and perchlorates in
concentrations high enough to qualify as oxidizers as defined in 49 CFR
173.151. In that case, these residues would be ignitable hazardous
wastes (D001). This oxidizer determination would be necessary only when
wastes that could possibly generate oxidizers are thermally treated.
While these explosive wastes are not typically placed in most types
of land disposal units, it was common practice to thermally treat (i.e.,
incinerate) these wastes. In fact, the Agency believes that most D003
wastes in the Explosives Subcategory are currently thermally treated
(i.e., incineration in specially designed units) hence, this technology
is demonstrated. The Agency also received information indicating that
typical RCRA commercial incinerators are capable of safely treating
certain D003 explosive wastes. Therefore, this technology is also
demonstrated.
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The Agency has information indicating that chemical oxidation/
reduction technologies are being used to effectively treat certain D003
explosive wastes. Based on this information, the Agency considers
chemical oxidation/reduction to also be demonstrated.
4.3.3 Vater Reactives Subcategory
Because of their violent reactivity with water, these wastes are not
typically placed in land disposal units and certainly are not generally
placed in surface impoundments. Applicable treatment technologies for
these wastes would be thermal oxidation/reduction (i.e., incineration) to
react the wastes with water (hydrolysis under controlled conditions) and
chemical oxidation/reduction. The most common treatment for these wastes
is actually controlled reaction with water and neutralization of the acid
or alkali solution generated. Less common methods are thermal and
chemical oxidation/reduction. During chemical or thermal oxidation/
reduction, the reactive organic constituents are deactivated by the
explosion and the reactive inorganic constituents form less hazardous
oxides.
The Agency has information indicating that several facilities are
treating water reactive wastes with the deactivation technologies
described above. Consequently, the Agency believes that these
technologies are demonstrated to treat water reactive wastes.
4.3.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
Applicable treatment for sulfide wastes would be to chemically
convert the reactive sulfides to sulfur, to insoluble metallic sulfide
salts, or to insoluble sulfates that can be removed or recovered. Some
data indicate that these wastes can be treated by alkaline chlorination,
incineration, or chemical deactivation techniques. The Agency has
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information indicating that at least one facility is using alkaline
chlorination and at least one facility is using incineration to treat
D003 Reactive Sulfides hence, both technologies are demonstrated. In
some instances, the D003 may be in a form amenable to recovery of sulfur
by sulfuric acid production from incineration of stack gases. The Agency
knows of one facility currently burning D003 Reactive Sulfide Wastes in
an incinerator with a scrubber to produce sulfuric acid.
The Agency believes that some of these wastes may also be
contaminated with organic sulfides known as mercaptans. These malodorous
chemicals are believed to complicate the treatment of these reactive
sulfide wastes. The Agency has information indicating that mercaptans
can be oxidized to sulfates and the corresponding acid using chlorine
dioxide (McGlathery 1989). Also, EPA received data demonstrating that
treatment with chlorine dioxide is an effective technology for destroying
organic sulfides and mercaptans in petroleum wastes. The Agency reviewed
stabilization data indicating that this treatment process can treat D003
reactive sulfide waste by removing the characteristic. EPA knows of
several facilities that are using mercaptan-free and organic-free sulfide
wastes to precipitate metals from wastewaters. Another facility uses a
thermal process that converts sulfides to sulfates instead of sulfur
oxides. Consequently, EPA believes that these technologies are
demonstrated to treat D003 sulfide reactive wastes.
4.3.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency suspects that while these wastes may be generated, it is
unlikely that they would require placement in any type of land disposal
unit. In general, the Agency believes that these unstable wastes can be
deactivated using either thermal oxidation/reduction reactions with water
or chemical oxidation/reduction (i.e., controlled reaction with water).
The Agency has information indicating that one facility is using "heat
treatment of a reactive fluorocarbon contaminated wastewater" to
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deactivate a waste believed to belong in this subcategory. As a result,
the Agency believes that deactivation technologies are demonstrated to
treat wastes in the Other Reactives Subcategory.
4.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
The Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating
potential standards for each D003 characteristic waste subcategory. The
first option is for EPA to promulgate numerical treatment standards.
However, for all subcategories of D003 wastes except the reactive
cyanides, the Agency believes that development of any numerical treatment
standards, based on any of the appropriate deactivation techniques, would
be difficult because there is no known analytical test designed to
measure the reactivity for these wastes, nor is there a test that
distinguishes the reactive chemical from the deactivated chemical (e.g.,
sodium). The second option is to promulgate a method or sequence of
methods of treatment as BOAT. Table 4-1 at the end of this section
presents the treatment standards being promulgated for all subcategories
of D003.
All of the known treatment processes for the five subcategories of
D003 Reactive Wastes can result in significant amounts of solid
residues. These residues may or may not exhibit the characteristic of EP
toxicity for metals. Instead of trying to establish metal standards for
these residues, the Agency prefers to regulate land disposal of them only
if they appear to be EP toxic wastes. Thus, the Agency is currently not
promulgating standards for metals in the residues from the deactivation
of D003 wastes.
It is important to note that management practices have already been
established for reactive wastes in surface impoundments, waste piles,
land treatment units, and landfills (see 40 CFR 264.229, 265.256, 264.281,
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and 264.312, as well as 265.229, 265.256, 265.281, and 265.312). The
treatment standards being promulgated for reactive (D003) wastes will
supersede the above-mentioned provisions and exclusions for permissible
land disposal of these wastes outlined in Parts 264 and 265. Facilities
handling reactive wastes will have to comply with the promulgated
treatment standards for these wastes in order to land dispose them.
The Agency is superseding the 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 sections
referenced above to avoid potential conflicts between these promulgated
treatment standards and existing land disposal provisions for D003
wastes. The Agency believes that protection of human health and the
environment will be better accomplished since compliance with the
treatment standards will render these wastes nonhazardous by permanently
eliminating the characteristic (reactivity).
4.4.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
The Agency has treatment performance data for treatment of cyanides.
The Agency is establishing a concentration-based treatment level for
wastes in the D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory rather than establishing
a standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic of
Reactivity" for the following reasons. First, unlike the other
characteristic wastes, the Agency can identify an indicator compound
(i.e., cyanide) that is known to be present in all D003 reactive cyanide
wastes and can analyze the indicator compound in wastewater and
nonwastewater matrices with EPA-approved SW-846 analytical test methods.
Second, EPA believes most D003 cyanide wastes are generated from the same
types of processes that generate the F006-F012 and P030 wastes and, thus,
are frequently of the same type, and present similar risks when land
disposed, as the listed wastes. EPA does not believe that Congress
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precluded the Agency from establishing the same treatment standards for
the D003 wastes that have been established for the listed wastes
(assuming, of course, that such standards are consistent with the mandate
of Section 3004(m) to reduce toxicity or mobility so that risks to health
and the environment are minimized). Finally, the Agency suspects that
some generators are currently misclassifying F006-F012 and P030 wastes as
D003 reactive cyanide wastes. While this is primarily an issue for
enforcement, the Agency is concerned that a less stringent standard would
discourage proper identification of the F and P cyanide wastes.
The Agency believes that simple cyanides (e.g., NaCN, KCN) are more
likely to react to liberate hydrogen cyanide gas since they are soluble
and have weaker bond energies than complex cyanides (e.g.,
Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2, Ni[Fe(CN)]2, Zn2Fe(CN)6). Consequently, EPA
believes that simple (soluble) cyanide rather than complex cyanide is the
cyanide form most likely to give a waste containing cyanide the
characteristic of reactivity. However, the Agency reviewed data
indicating that some D003 reactive cyanide nonwastewaters contain a wide
variety of cyanide compounds as well as other constituents that affect
the ultimate treatability of the total cyanide (see Appendix F). Some of
these.wastes contain sufficient iron content to result in iron cyanide
complex formation, even for wastes that are predominantly reactive
(soluble) cyanide and are identified only as D003. Statements from
generators of D003 cyanide waste streams indicate that their wastes are
unavoidably contaminated with iron during their manufacturing processes
and that a threshold level of only 50 to 100 mg/kg iron is required to
result in formation of iron cyanide complexes.
During the Agency's review of the characterization data for D003
cyanide wastes, a surrogate (i.e., iron concentration) in the untreated
waste was used as a means of estimating the presence of complex
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cyanides. EPA notes, however, that all of the iron in an untreated waste
may not bond with the cyanides to form complex iron cyanides. The
characterization data show that D003 cyanide wastes can contain total
iron concentrations averaging 7,000 mg/kg and total cyanide concentrations
averaging 40,000 mg/kg. The waste characterization data for D003 cyanide
wastes is included as Appendix F. The characterization data for the
complex cyanide-containing wastes (i.e., F006-F009) show iron
concentrations averaging 5,000 mg/kg and total cyanide concentrations
averaging 30,000 mg/kg. The characterization data for the simple
cyanide-containing wastes (i.e., F011, F012, and P030) show iron
concentrations averaging 20 mg/kg and total cyanide concentrations
averaging 3,000 mg/kg.
Based on the high iron contents shown to be present in some D003
cyanide wastes, the Agency believes that some D003 cyanide wastes may
contain complexed cyanides and thus may not be treatable to the 110 mg/kg
level. The vast majority of characterization data reviewed by the Agency
indicate that D003 nonwastewaters more closely resemble the F006-F009
nonwastewaters instead of the F011, F012, and P030 nonwastewaters.
Therefore, the Agency is promulgating treatment standards of 590 mg/kg
total cyanide and 30 mg/kg amenable cyanide based on the treatment of
wastes containing complex cyanides (i.e., F006-F009 nonwastewaters) for
nonwastewaters in the D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory. Detailed
information on the development of these treatment standards can be found
in the BOAT background document for cyanide wastes (USEPA 1988b).
For the wastewaters in the D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory, EPA
considered a treatment standard of 1.9 mg/1 total cyanide and 0.1 mg/1
amenable cyanide based on alkaline chlorination. Comments and data were
received from Sterling Chemicals demonstrating that alkaline chlorination
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did not achieve those limits for D003. Further examination of
categorical wastewater discharge standards, pursuant to the Clean Water
Act, supported the inability of alkaline chlorination to achieve the
proposed amenable cyanide level. EPA is promulgating an amenable cyanide
standard of 0.86 mg/1 based on the Metal Finishing categorical wastewater
discharge standards. Data submitted by Sterling Chemicals demonstrated
compliance with this limit. With regard to total cyanide, the Agency is
reserving the standard for further analyses to resolve the substantial
variation in total cyanide levels submitted by commenters and standards
established for categorical wastewater discharges. In the interim, the
amenable cyanide limit will ensure that alkaline chlorination or
equivalent BOAT technology is utilized to comply with the land disposal
restriction for reactive cyanide wastes.
4.4.2 Explosives Subcategory
The Agency believes that most D003 wastes that are generated in the
Explosives Subcategory are currently being treated by chemical
deactivation or incineration in specially designed units. These
processes are used because they remove the explosive characteristic of
the D003 waste.
Because of the large number of explosive formulations and the
difference in applicable treatments (Department of the Army 1984), the
Agency believes that a standard of "Deactivation" is appropriate for
wastes in this group. This standard would allow the regulated community
the ability to use the treatment technology (i.e., incineration, chemical
deactivation) that best fits the type of explosive waste requiring
treatment. The Agency believes this approach is applicable for these
wastes since the hazardous characteristic is based on an imminent hazard
(i.e., explosivity) rather than on other criteria such as levels of
hazardous constituents, and that technologies exist that can completely
remove this characteristic.
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Furthermore, by establishing this as a treatment standard, the Agency
believes that the variance procedures could be used as a method of
providing a more complete evaluation of the safety hazards associated
with each individual deactivation procedure at each facility. This may
be the preferred approach in that (1) it appears to provide more
assurance of the protection of human health and the environment at each
individual site by providing a more extensive technical evaluation by
regulatory personnel; (2) it allows the wastes to be treated by any
treatment technology that may be developed (such as specially designed
incineration units); and (3) it also bans most forms of land disposal.
The Agency is promulgating a treatment standard of "Deactivation
(DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic of Reactivity" for nonwastewaters
and wastewaters in the D003 Explosive Subcategory. See 40 CFR 268
Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that used alone or in
combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1,
for a description of the technologies referred to by a five letter
technology code in parentheses. This standard should provide the
treaters of explosive wastes the ability to use the "best" treatment
technology based on the chemical and physical parameters of the explosive
waste, and any safety considerations.
The Agency has information indicating that mixing with water or
organic liquids (e.g., kerosene) may be necessary in some cases to reduce
the potential for explosion and thus ensure safe handling and/or
transportation for subsequent incineration or chemical treatment of
explosive wastes. EPA is not restricting the use of this practice for
any waste in the D003 Explosives Subcategory.
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4.4.3 Water Reactives Subcategory
Because of the diversity in physical and chemical forms of the
waste in this subcategory, it is not possible to determine a "best"
technology for all wastes. The Agency is promulgating a treatment
standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic of
Reactivity" for wastes in the D003 Water Reactives Subcategory to allow
flexability in the selection of the "best" technology. The Agency
believes that this is an appropriate approach for these wastes since the
hazardous characteristic is based on imminent hazard (i.e., potential
violent reaction with water) rather than on other criteria such as levels
of hazardous constituents and since technologies exist that can
completely remove these characteristics. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for
a list of applicable technologies that used alone or in combination can
achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a
description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology
code in parentheses. For wastes in the D003 Water Reactives Subcategory,
the standard is established only for nonwastewaters since these wastes
are very reactive with water and thus cannot exist as wastewaters.
Furthermore, by establishing this treatment standard, the Agency
believed that the variance procedures could be used as a method of
providing a more complete evaluation of the safety hazards associated
with each individual deactivation procedure at each facility. This may
be the preferred approach in that (1) it appears to provide more
assurance of the protection of human health and the environment at each
site by providing a more extensive technical evaluation by regulatory
personnel; (2) it allows the wastes to be treated by any treatment
technology that may be developed (such as controlled hydrolysis); and
(3) it also bans most forms of land disposal.
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Several commenters have indicated that mixing with certain organic
liquids (such as kerosene) may be necessary in some cases to reduce the
potential for violent reaction with water and thus ensure safe handling
and/or transportation for subsequent incineration or chemical treatment.
EPA is not restricting the use of this practice for any waste in this
D003 subcategory.
4.4.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
The Agency is in the process of developing a quantitative threshold
for toxic gas generation for reactive sulfide wastes. The interim value
the Agency is considering is 500 milligrams of hydrogen sulfide generated
per kilogram of waste (Claussen). Since the Agency has not yet approved
a standard analytical method for testing either sulfides or reactive
sulfides in hazardous wastes or in nonwastewater treatment residues, the
Agency is unable to promulgate a numerical treatment standard for D003
wastes in this subcategory at this time. However, it may develop a
method and establish numerical standards for wastes in this group in the
future.
The Agency determined that a wide variety of treatment processes are
currently used to treat reactive sulfide wastes. Therefore, the Agency
is promulgating a treatment standard of "Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove
the Characteristic of Reactivity" for nonwastewaters and wastewaters in
the D003 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory to allow the treatment facility
the flexibility to use the "best" technology for the particular waste
stream. See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies
that used alone or in combination can achieve this standard. See also
40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies as referred
to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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A.4.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency is promulgating a standard of "Deactivation" for D003
wastes in the Other Reactives Subcategory. The Agency believed that this
is an appropriate approach for these wastes since the hazardous
characteristic is based on imminent hazard (e.g., violent reactions)
rather than on other criteria such as levels of hazardous constituents
and since technologies exist that can completely remove these
characterics.
Furthermore, by establishing this treatment standard, the Agency
believes that the variance procedures could be used as a method of
providing a more complete evaluation of the safety hazards associated
with each deactivation procedure at each facility. This may be the
preferred approach in that (1) it appears to provide more assurance of
the protection of human health and the environment at each site by
providing a more extensive technical evaluation by regulatory personnel;
(2) it allows the wastes to be treated by any treatment technology that
may be developed; and (3) it also bans most forms of land disposal.
Because of the diversity in physical and chemical forms of the waste
in this subcategory, it is not possible to determine a "best" technology
for all wastes. The Agency is promulgating a treatment standard of
"Deactivation (DEACT) to Remove the Characteristic of Reactivity" for
nonwastewaters and wastewaters in the D003 Other Reactives Subcategory to
allow flexibility in the selection of the "best" technology. See 40 CFR
268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that used alone or
in combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42,
Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-
letter technology code in parentheses.
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Several commenters have indicated that mixing with certain organic
liquids (such as kerosene) may be necessary in some cases to reduce the
potential for violent reaction with water and thus ensure safe handling
and/or transportation for subsequent incineration or chemical treatment.
EPA is not restricting the use of this practice for any waste in this
D003 subcategory.
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Table 4-1 BOAT Treatment STandards for D003
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/kg)
Cyanides (Total) 590
Cyanides (Amenable) 30
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Cyanides (Total) Reserved
Cyanides (Amenable) 0.86
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Table 4-1 (continued)
REACTIVE SULFIDES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(5)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
EXPLOSIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(6), (7), AND (8)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
WATER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(2), (3), AND (4)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
OTHER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
261.23(a)(l)
DEACTIVATION (DEACT) TO REMOVE THE
CHARACTERISTIC OF REACTIVITY*
See 40 CFR 268 Appendix VI for a list of applicable technologies that used alone or in
combination can achieve this standard. See also 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of
the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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5. P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
This chapter describes regulations for the RCRA-listed P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents. These wastes pose a
significant risk during handling because of their reactivity.
Development of BOAT for P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents has been added to this document since some of these wastes
may be similar to some D003 wastes based on the characteristic of
reactivity. The hazardous wastes with hazardous waste codes beginning
with P are identified as acute hazardous waste, while the hazardous waste
codes beginning with U identify toxic wastes. Whether a waste is an
acute hazardous waste or a toxic waste generally has no bearing on the
treatability of the waste. The following is a list of P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents:
P006 - Aluminum phosphide U023
P009 - Ammonium picrate U086
P015 - Beryllium dust U096
P056 - Fluorine U098
P068 - Methyl hydrazine U099
P073 - Nickel carbonyl U103
P081 - Nitroglycerine U109
P087 - Osmium tetroxide U134
P096 - Phosphine U133
P105 - Sodium azide U135
P112 - Tetranitromethane U160
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%) U189
U249
Benzotrichloride
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
a,a-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
1,1-Dime thyIhydraz ine
1,2-DimethyIhydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
DiphenyIhydrazine
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrazine
Hydrogen sulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Phosphoric sulfide
Zinc phosphide (<10%)
It should be mentioned that strontium sulfide (P107) was a reactive
listing constituent. However, the Agency is not regulating P107 because
on October 31, 1988, it was removed from Appendix VIII of Part 261, the
list of RCRA hazardous constituents. EPA took this action because
strontium sulfide, even when improperly treated, stored, transported,
disposed of, or otherwise managed, does not pose a significant hazard to
human health or the environment.
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However, wastes containing strontium sulfide are not released from
regulatory control under RCRA. If a waste contains high concentrations
of strontium sulfide, it may exhibit the characteristic of reactivity
(40 CFR 261.23(a)(5)); that is, a sulfide-bearing waste that, when
exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, it can generate toxic gases
(e.g., H?S), vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a
danger to human health or the environment. If the wastes exhibit the
characteristic of reactivity, they must be handled as characteristic
hazardous wastes in the D003 Reactive Sulfide Subcategory as previously
described in this document.
5.1 Waste Characterization
According to 40 CFR 261.33, the P and U codes presented above are
essentially commercial chemical products (or intermediates) and become
hazardous wastes when they are discarded or are intended to be discarded;
when they are mixed with waste oil, used oil, or another material; when
they are applied to the land for dust suppression or road treatment; when
they are otherwise applied to the land in lieu of their original intended
use or when they are contained in products that are applied to the land
in lieu of their original intended use; or when, in lieu of their
original intended use, they are produced for use as (or as a component
of) a fuel, distributed for use as a fuel, or burned as a fuel.
These materials can be present in different forms:
• Any commercial or off-specification commercial chemical product
(or intermediate) with any of the above generic names;
• Residues remaining in containers that held any of the
above-mentioned products (or intermediates); or
• The residue of contaminated soil, water, or other debris that
results when there is a cleanup of a commercial product (or
intermediate) or off-specification commercial chemical product (or
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intermediate) or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the
generic name of any of the above-listed products that had been
spilled onto the land or into the water.
Since the Agency could not characterize every P and U waste stream
that could possibly be generated, the Agency has based its BOAT
development on the characteristics of the applicable pure chemical that
was listed. Below are descriptions of the pure chemical elements or
compounds. The waste codes are listed next to the chemical names;
however, these descriptions may not always be indicative of the different
P and U wastes containing the reactive chemicals that could be
generated. The chemical structures of each listing constituent are shown
in Table G-l in Appendix G. Where noted, the wastes have been listed for
their reactivity. All the wastes react violently in some way, but not
all are listed for reactivity. A brief statement about why each waste
has been listed is also presented below.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide: This compound exists as dark gray or dark
yellow crystals with a cubic zinc blend structure. It must: be
protected from moist air since it reacts readily to produce
phosphine, which is highly toxic. It does not melt or decompose
thermally at temperatures up to 1000°C. When water and acid
are added to aluminum phosphide, phosphine is produced in
quantitative yields. The waste is listed for reactivity and
toxicity.
P009 - Ammonium picrate: This compound exists as bright yellow bitter
scales or orthorhombic crystals. It explodes easily from heat or
shock and is soluble in water at 20°C. The waste is listed
for reactivity.
P015 - Bervl1ium dust: This compound exists as a gray metal with a
close-packed hexagonal structure. Beryllium has a melting point
of 1287°C and a boiling point of 2500°C. The dust or amalgamated
metal reacts with hydrochloric acid dilute sulfuric acid, and
dilute nitric acid, and reacts violently with strong bases. In
both cases, it causes an evolution of hydrogen. Death may result
from short exposure to very low concentrations of the dust or its
salts.
P056 - Fluorine: This halogen exists as T^ in its elemental state and
is a pale yellow gas. Fluorine has a melting point of
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-219.61°C and a. boiling point of -188.13°C. Fluorine is
the most reactive nonmetal, and it reacts vigorously with most
oxidizable substances at room temperature, frequently with
ignition. Its violent reactions with organic compounds usually
disintegrate the metal. This gas is dangerous to inhale.
P068 - Methvl hvdrazine: This compound exists as a clear liquid with an
odor that is characteristic of short chain, organic amines. It
has a flash point of 70"C and an ignition temperature of
196°C. The vapors may explode and self-ignite in and on
contact with oxidizing agents. The chemical is soluble in
hydrocarbons. Methyl hydrazine is considered a mild alkaline base
and a strong reducing agent. It ignites spontaneously on contact
with strong oxidizing agents such as fluorine, chlorine
trifluoride, nitrogen tetroxide, and fuming nitric acid.
P073 - Nickel carbonvl: This chemical is a colorless, volatile liquid
at standard temperature and pressure. It is extremely poisonous.
It oxidizes in the air and explodes at about 60°C. Nickel
carbonyl is made by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided
nickel.
P081 - Nitroelvcerin: This chemical exists as a pale yellow, oily liquid
that explodes on rapid heating or on concussion. It crystallizes in
two forms and begins to decompose at 50° to 60°C. Nitrogly-
cerin is appreciably volatile at 100°C, evolves nitrous yellow
vapors at 135°C, and explodes at 281°C. On explosion,
harmless gases (i.e., oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) are
produced. The waste is listed for reactivity and toxicity.
P087 - Osmium tetroxide: The form of this compound is a pale yellow
solid. It exists as monoclinic crystals. Osmium tetroxide has a
boiling point of 130°C and begins to sublime and distill well
below the boiling point. It is soluble in benzene. The vapor is
extremely poisonous. This compound is a strong oxidant.
P096 - Phosphine: This chemical compound is a poisonous gas at standard
temperature and pressure. It is prepared from white phosphorus and
aqueous alkali hydroxide and also by treatment of PH^I with KOH.
This gas is spontaneously flammable in air if there is a trace of
?2^U Present an(i burns with a luminous flame. Phosphine is
slightly soluble in water and combines violently with oxygen and the
halogens. It liberates hydrogen and forms the phosphide when passed
over heated metal and forms phosphonium salts when brought into
contact with the halogen acids.
P105 - Sodium azide: This compound exists as crystals that decompose into
sodium and nitrogen when heated. It is soluble in water at 10°C
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and in alcohol at 25"C. Sodium azide can react with lead and
its compounds to form explosive chemicals.
P112 - Tetranitromethane: This compound exists as a pale yellow liquid.
It is insoluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. It attacks
iron, copper, brass, zinc, and rubber. Tetranitromethane can be
decomposed by an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. It is
used as a powerful oxidizing agent. It has a boiling point of
126°C and is highly explosive in the presence of impurities.
The waste is listed for reactivity.
P122 - Zinc phosphide: The chemical exists as dark gray, tetragonal
crystals and powder. The chemical has a faint phosphorus odor.
When heated with the exclusion of air, it melts and finally
sublimes. The melting point has been given as 420°C and the
boiling point as 1100°C. When kept dry, it is quite stable. It
is insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in benzene and carbon
disulfide, causing the evolution of spontaneously flammable
phosphine. It reacts violently with concentrated sulfuric acid and
other oxidizing agents. The waste is listed for reactivity and
toxicity.
U023 - Benzotrichloride: Benzotrichloride exists as an unstable liquid
that fumes in air and hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture,
forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids. It is insoluble in water
but soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and many other organic
solvents. Its boiling point is 220.8°C. The waste is listed
for reactivity, corrosivity, and toxicity.
U086 - 1.2 -Diethvlhvdrazine: This compound is soluble in alcohol and
ether. It has a boiling point of 86°C. When heated to
decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of NOX.
U096 - a.a-Dimethvlbenzvlhvdroperoxide: The boiling point of this compound
is 100°F to 101°F. This compound is an oxidizer and is listed as
toxic.
U098 - 1.1-Dimethvlhvdrazine: This compound is a flammable, hygroscopic,
mobile liquid that fumes in air and gradually turns yellow. It is
corrosive to skin and has a characteristic ammoniacal odor of
aliphatic hydrazines. The chemical is miscible with water,
causing the evolution of heat. It is also miscible with alcohol,
ether, dimethy1formamide, and hydrocarbons. Its boiling point is
63.9°C.
U099 - 1.2-Dimethvlhvdrazine: This chemical fumes in air and gradually
turns yellow. It is miscible with water with the evolution of
heat. This compound is corrosive to the skin.
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U103 - Dimethyl sulfate: This chemical is a colorless, oily liquid with
a boiling point of about 188°C with decomposition and a flash
point of 182°C. It is extremely hazardous with no warning
characteristics (e.g., odor, irritation).
U109 - Diphenvlhvdrazine: The form of this compound is yellow crystals
with a melting point of 34.5°C. It is insoluble in water and
freely soluble in alcohol and ether.
U133 - Hvdrazine: Hydrazine exists as a colorless, oily liquid that fumes
in air. It has a penetrating odor resembling that of ammonia.
Hydrazine is a violent poison that causes delayed eye irritation.
It burns with violet flame and explodes during distillation if
traces of air are present (also affected by ultraviolet light and
metal ion catalysts). Its flash point is 126°F (52°C).
Hydrazine can be stored for years if sealed in glass and kept in a
cool, dark place. It forms salts with inorganic acids. The
chemical is a highly polar solvent and powerful reducing agent. It
dissolves many inorganic substances and is miscible with water,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isobutyl alcohols. Hydrazine forms an
azeotropic mixture with water. The waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity.
U134 - Hydrogen fluoride: Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas that fumes
in air. It is listed as highly irritating, corrosive, and
poisonous. In aqueous solutions, it is a weak acid. Its boiling
point is -56°C.
U135 - Hydrogen sulfide: This chemical is a flammable, poisonous gas
with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs that is perceptible in
air in a concentration of 0.002 mg/1. It burns in air with a pale
blue flame. The ignition temperature is 260°C. Hydrogen
sulfide has explosive limits when mixe-d with air. Water solutions
of hydrogen sulfide are not stable; absorbed oxygen causes the
formation of elemental sulfur, and the solutions become turbid
rapidly. It is soluble in glycerol. In a 50-50 by volume mixture
of glycerol and water, the precipitation of sulfur is retarded
considerably.
U160 - Methyl ethvl ketone peroxide: This waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity. The chemical will explode when heated and is a
strong oxidizer.
U189 - Phosphoric sulfide: This compound exists as light yellow,
triclinic crystals with a peculiar odor. It has a melting point
of 286°* to 290°C and a boiling point of 513°* to 515°C. This
chemical decomposes in water, forming phosphoric acid and hydrogen
sulfide. It is soluble in carbon disulfide and in aqueous
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solutions of alkali hydroxides. It must be kept tightly closed.
The waste is listed for reactivity.
U249 - Zinc phosphide: The chemical exists as dark gray tetragonal
crystals and powder. The chemical has a faint phosphorus odor.
When heated with the exclusion of air, it melts and finally
sublimes. The melting point has been giver, as 420°C and the
boiling point as 1100°C. When kept dry, it is quite stable.
It is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in benzene and
carbon disulfide, causing the evolution of spontaneously flammable
phosphine. It reacts violently with concentrated sulfuric acid
and other oxidizing agents. The waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity.
It should be mentioned that a waste is not necessarily a P waste or a
U waste if it contains one or more of the chemicals with a generic name
listed in 40 CFR 261.33. In other words, the fact that a waste contains
aluminum phosphide does not automatically render the waste POOS
hazardous. P and U wastes are limited to commercial products or
intermediates or off-specification versions thereof that are spilled,
discarded, or intended to be discarded. Thus, a waste containing
aluminum phosphide would be a P006 hazardous waste only if some or all of
the aluminum phosphide in the waste were a commercial product,
intermediate, or off-specification version thereof at some point in its
existence prior to its incorporation into the waste. The available
characterization data for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents are presented in Table G-2 in Appendix G.
5.2 Industries Affected
The Agency does not intend to describe every industry that generates
the P and U wastes containing reactive listing constituents since any
industrial facility that produces, uses, stores, and/or transports the
chemicals has the potential of generating the waste. Table G-3 in
Appendix G presents a description of the RCRA-permitted facilities that
generated the above-listed wastes and the approximate volumes produced in
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1986. Confidential Business Information (CBI) is not included. The
following is a summary of the producers of the chemicals and the
generators of the waste. Brief descriptions of the uses of the chemicals
are also presented to indicate areas of potential waste generation.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide: There are no listed producers of this
chemical in the SRI 1988 edition. One generator in EPA Region IV
is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Source of phosphine; in semiconductor research; as a
fumigant.
P009 - Ammonium picrate: One producer located in EPA Region II is
listed in SRI; however, the facility is selling all stock that was
originally imported and does not manufacture ammonium picrate. No
generators of P009 wastes were listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Explosives, fireworks, rocket propellants.
P015 - Beryllium dust: Two mines currently process beryllium ore.
Thirteen generators are listed in the TSDR Survey as generating
P015 in 1986: one in EPA Region II, two in EPA Region III, two in
EPA Region IV, one in EPA Region V, one in EPA Region VI, one in
EPA Region VIII, four in EPA Region IX, and one in EPA Region X.
USE: Source of neutrons when bombarded with alpha particles;aAs a
neutron reflector and neutron moderator in nuclear reactors; in
radio tube parts and aerospace structures; in inertial guidance
systems.
P056 - Fluorine: One producer was listed in the SRI 1988 edition. One
generator in Region II is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Powerful fluorinating agent.
P068 - Methyl hvdrazine: No producers are listed in SRI 1988 edition.
Three generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey: one in EPA
Region III, one in EPA Region V, and one in EPA Region VI.
USE: In rocket fuel; intermediate in chemical synthesis.
P073 - Nickel carbonvl: One company located in EPA Region III is listed
as a producer in the SRI 1988 edition. One generator in EPA
Region III is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Laboratory and organic synthesis.
P081 - Nitroelvcerin: Five U.S. military installations are currently
producing this chemical: two in EPA Region II, two in EPA Region
III, and one is located in EPA Region VII. No P081 waste
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generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Explosives (dynamite is 75 percent nitroglycerin) and
veterinary pharmaceuticals.
P087 - Osmium tetroxide: Three producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition: one in EPA Region I, one in EPA Region II, and one in
EPA Region III. Eight generators of P087 are listed in the 1986
TSDR Survey: two in Region II, one in Region IV, three in Region
V, one in Region VI, and one in Region VIII.
USE: Oxidizing agent particularly for converting olefins to
glycols. Catalyzes chlorate, peroxide, periodate, and other
oxidations. As a fixing and staining agent for cell and tissue
studies.
P096 - Phosphine: Eight producers are listed in the 1988 edition of SRI:
one in Region I, one in Region II, one in Region IV, one in Region
V, one in Region VI, and three in Region IX. Two facilities are
listed as generators in the 1986 TSDR Survey: one in EPA Region V
and one in EPA Region VI.
USE: Gaseous dopent for semiconductors.
P105 - Sodium azide: No producers are listed in the 1988 edition of
SRI. Seventeen generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey:
one in EPA Region I, six in EPA Region II, three in EPA Region
III, one in EPA Region IV, two in EPA Region V, three in EPA
Region VI, and one in EPA Region X.
USE: In the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, pure
sodium; as a propellant for inflating automotive safety bags; in
weed and fruit rot control.
P112 - Tetranitromethane: One chemical producer in EPA Region II is
listed in the SRI 1988 edition, and no generators of P112 are
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Oxidizer in rocket propellants. As explosive in admixture
with toluene, to increase cetane number of diesel fuels. Reagent
for detecting the presence of double bonds in organic compounds.
Has been proposed as an irritant war gas.
P122 - Zinc phosphide: One chemical producer, located in EPA Region V,
is listed in the SRI 1988 edition. One generator of P122 waste,
located in EPA Region V, is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: In rat and field mouse poison preparations.
U023 - Benzotrichloride: In the 1988 edition of SRI, one company in
Region II is listed as producing benzotrichloride, and the same
company is listed as generating U023 in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Intermediate for pesticides.
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U086 - 1.2-Diethvlhvdrazine: No producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition. One generator of U086 in Region V is listed in the 1986
TSDR Survey.
USE: Polymer additives, fuels, photographic chemicals, and dyes.
U096 - a.a-Dimethvlbenzvlhvdroperoxide: Four producers are listed in the
SRI 1988 edition: two in Region II, one in Region III, and one in
Region V. No generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Intermediate in acetol/phenol production process.
U098 - 1.1-Dimethvlhvdrazine: One producer in Region VI is listed in the
SRI 1988 edition. Three generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR
Survey: one in Region II and two in Region V.
USE: Base for rocket fuel formulations.
U099 - 1.2-Dimethvlhvdrazine: No producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition, and no generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Base in rocket fuel formulations.
U103 - Dimethvlsulfate: Two producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition,
and five generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey. The two
producers are located in EPA Regions II and III, and the five generators
are located in Regions I, II, III, IV, and V.
USE: Methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic
chemicals.
U109 - Diphenvlhvdrazine - No producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition. Two generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey, both
located in EPA Region V.
USE: In the manufacture of hydrochloride, which is used as
reagent for ababrnose and lactose.
U133 - Hvdrazine - One producer, located in EPA Region V, is listed in
the SRI 1988 edition, and 17 generators are listed in the 1986
TSDR Survey. Two of the generators are located in EPA Region I,
one in Region II, one in Region III, three in Region IV, three in
Region V, two in Region VI, two in Region VIII, one in Region IX,
and two in Region X.
USE: Reducing agent; organic hydrazine derivative; rocket fuel.
U134 - Hydrogen fluoride: Four producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition. According to the 1986 TSDR Survey, 16 facilities
generate this waste: one in Region I, two in Region III, seven in
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Region V, one in Region VI, one in Region VIII, three in
Region IX, and one in Region X.
USE: Catalyst in petroleum industry; use in fluorination
processes, especially in the aluminum industry; in the manufacture
of fluorides; in making fluorine-containing plastics; and for
separating uranium isotopes.
U135 - Hydrogen sulfide: Twelve facilities are listed in the SRI 1988
edition as producing hydrogen sulfide, and five facilities are
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey as generating U135 wastes. The
facilities producing hydrogen sulfide are located as follows: one
in EPA Region I, one in Region II, one in Region III, one in
Region IV, two in Region V, three in Region VI, one in Region
VIII, and two in Region IX. The facilities that generated
hydrogen sulfide waste (U135) in 1986 are located as follows: one
in Region I, one in Region III, one in Region IV, one in Region V,
and one in Region IX.
USE: In the manufacture of chemicals; in metallurgy; as an
analytical reagent.
U160 - Methyl ethvl ketone peroxide: No producers are listed in the SRI
1988 edition. Eight facilities are listed as generating U160 in
the 1986 TSDR Survey: two in Region II, two in Region IV, one in
Region V, one in Region VI, one in Region IX, and one in Region X.
USE: A widely used polymer-curing agent.
U189 - Phosphoric sulfide: Six facilities are listed as producers of
phosphoric sulfide, and four facilities are listed as generators
of U189 wastes. One facility producing phosphoric sulfide is
located in EPA Region III, while three are in Region IV, one is in
Region V, and one is in Region VII. The four facilities that
generated U189 in 1986 are located in EPA Regions V, VI, VII, and
X.
USE: In manufacture of lube oil additives and pesticides;;
manufacture of safety matches and ignition compounds; for
introducing sulfur into organic compounds.
U249 - Zinc phosphide: One chemical producer, located in EPA Region V,
is listed in the SRI 1988 edition. One generator of U249 waste,
in EPA Region IX, is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: In rat and field mouse poison preparations.
5.3 Analytical Issues
For all but two P and U constituents (i.e., P015 - beryllium dust,
and U109 - diphenylhydrazine), methods to analyze the listed constituents
5-11
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in treatment residues are not currently available. Although the Agency
recognizes that these compounds exist, and that the manufacturers may
have methods to verify their purity and determine their product
specifications, there are no EPA-approved analytical procedures to
ascertain trace quantities of these chemicals either in the raw sample or
in the residues from treatment. In addition, EPA has not identified any
constituents in these wastes that could be used as a surrogate or as an
indicator compound. These wastes include the following:
P006 - Aluminum phosphide U023
P009 - Ammonium picrate U086
P056 - Fluorine U096
P068 - Methyl hydrazine U098
P073 - Nickel carbonyl U099
P081 - Nitroglycerine U103
P087 - Osmium tetroxide U133
P096 - Phosphine U134
P105 - Sodium azide U135
P112 - Tetranitromethane U160
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%) U189
U249
Benzotrichloride
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
a,a-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
1,2-DimethyIhydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
Hydrazine
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Phosphoric sulfide
Zinc phosphide «10%)
In the future, methods may be developed and approved for use in
analyzing some of the P and U reactive constituents. Table G-4 in
Appendix G presents the analytical problems associated with some of the
reactive listing constituents for the P and U waste codes.
5.4
Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section identifies the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents. To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be
usable to treat the waste in question or a similar waste. To be
demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale operation for
the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar waste.
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5.4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Because the Agency has no waste characterization data specifically
for the reactive P and U wastes, the applicable technologies are based on
the characteristics described in Section 4.1 for the reactive listing
constituents.
The following subsections present applicable treatment technologies
for the (1) organic constituents, (2) metal constituents, and
(3) inorganic constituents other than metals in nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of the P and U wastes containing reactive constituents.
For the purpose of the land disposal restrictions rule, wastewaters are
defined as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight basis) total
suspended solids and less than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic
carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as
nonwastewaters. For a more detailed discussion of each treatment:
technology, see the Treatment Technology Background Document (USEPA
1989a).
(1) Applicable treatment technologies for organic constituents.
For wastes containing reactive organic constituents, the technologies
considered applicable are those that destroy the organics in a manner
that is safe to human health and the environment.
Nonwastewaters. The technologies that the Agency has
identified as applicable for treatment of nonwastewaters containing
reactive organic constituents are incineration, fuel substitution, and
chemical oxidation/ reduction.
Incineration is a technology that destroys the organic constituents
in the waste by converting them to carbon dioxide, water, and other
combustion products. Incineration may result in residuals that require
treatment because of their metal content. Specifically, the residuals
5-13
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consist of ash and scrubber water. Incineration of highly explosive
constituents may require treatment in units that are specially designed
and fitted with certain explosion-proof equipment. These types of units
are not typically found at commercial incineration facilities. The
Agency is aware that these types of units are currently used for many of
the Department of Defense explosive wastes. Fuel substitution, like
incineration, destroys organic constituents in a waste. Since many of
these wastes have high Btu values (e.g., hydrazine is used in rocket
fuel), EPA believes that they are excellent candidates for fuel
substitution. Additionally, the Agency has determined that these wastes
can be chemically deactivated using chemical oxidation and chemical
reduction technologies.
Wastewaters. The Agency has identified carbon adsorption
followed by regeneration or incineration of the spent carbon, wet air
oxidation, biological treatment, and solvent extraction as potentially
applicable for treatment of hazardous P and U reactive organic
constituents in wastewaters. Additionally, incineration has been
identified for wastewaters containing high levels of reactive compounds
that may become .increasingly dangerous when concentrated on carbon or in
an extraction fluid.
These applicable technologies destroy or reduce the total
concentration of hazardous organic compounds in the waste (incineration,
wet air oxidation, and biological treatment) or selectively remove
hazardous organic compounds from the waste stream (carbon adsorption and
solvent extraction). The Agency believes that not all P and U wastes
contain reactive listing constituents amenable to treatment with
biological, wet air oxidation, and solvent extraction methods. However,
most of these wastewaters are somewhat amenable to carbon adsorption
because the constituents typically have low solubility in water, have
high molecular weights, and have branched, rather than straight chain,
molecular structures. Compounds with lower molecular weights and higher
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solubilities have also been successfully treated using carbon
adsorption. Illustrations supporting this argument are presented in
Appendix H.
(2) Applicable treatment technologies for metal constituents. The
technologies considered applicable to treating P and U wastes containing
reactive metal constituents are those that remove the reactive
characteristic and/or recover the metals.
Nonwastewaters. For the metals present in nonwastewater P and
U wastes, potentially applicable treatment technologies are stabilization
and high-temperature metals recovery. Stabilization immobilizes the
metal constituents to minimize leaching. High-temperature metals
recovery provides for recovery of metals from wastes primarily by
volatilization of some of the metals, subsequent condensation, and
collection. The process yields a metal product for reuse and reduces the
amount of waste that needs to be land disposed. Additionally, most
metallic nonwastewaters can be slurried such that metals can be recovered
or treated using wastewater treatment techniques.
Wastewaters. The technologies applicable for reactive
constituents present in a wastewater matrix are chemical precipitation
and removal of the precipitated metal solids using settling or sludge
filtration. Chemical precipitation removes dissolved metals from
solution, and settling/sludge filtration removes suspended solids.
(3) Applicable treatment technoloeies for inorganics other than
metals. The technologies identified as potentially applicable are
those that destroy the compound or render it less harmful by removing the
reactive characteristic.
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Nonwastevaters. EPA has identified incineration as applicable
for nonwastewaters and gases with inorganic reactive constituents other
than metals. Incineration is a technology that can destroy oxidizable
inorganics. Gases can be vented directly into the incinerator. It
should be mentioned that off-gases generated during the incineration of
these wastes may require an afterburner and/or may need to be scrubbed
before release to the atmosphere.
Gases that cannot be combusted should be solubilized in water. The
resulting compound present in aqueous scrubber solution should be
precipitated as an insoluble innocuous compound.
Wastewaters. The technologies identified as applicable for P
and U wastewaters containing reactive listing constituents are chemical
oxidation/reduction methods (e.g., alkaline chlorination) followed by
precipitation.
5.4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
EPA considers demonstrated technologies to be those that are used on
a full-scale basis to treat the waste of interest or a similar waste with
regard to parameters that affect treatment selection. To determine what
treatment technologies are "demonstrated" for the reactive P and U codes,
the Agency contacted both generators and treaters of the wastes (Rissmann
1989). The following are summaries for each investigation concerning the
demonstrated treatment technologies for the individual reactive P and U
wastes.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide - EPA contacted the only generator listed in
the 1986 TSDR Survey to gather information about treatment. This
company is also the only known producer; however, the company
claims that it no longer produces aluminum phosphide. The Agency
believes zinc phosphide (P122) to be a similar waste based on
physical and chemical characteristics. Incineration is
demonstrated to treat P122. Consequently, the Agency believes
incineration to be demonstrated to treat P006 nonwastewaters.
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Since this compound is water reactive, it is believed that:
wastewater forms cannot exist; however, phosphine, one of the
products of decomposition, can be oxidized and precipitated with
lime to form calcium phosphate.
P009 - Ammonium picrate - EPA could find no producers of this chemical
listed in the SRI 1988 edition and no generators of the waste
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey. EPA believes that thermal
destruction (i.e. incineration in specially designed units) is the
best treatment for this waste. EPA believes that thermal
destruction has been demonstrated to treat similar wastes;
therefore, the Agency believes thermal destruction is demonstrated
to treat P009 wastewaters and nonwastewaters. Additionally,
carbon adsorption has been demonstrated for similar wastewaters
containing explosive nitro groups (i.e., the listed waste K045 is
spent carbon from treatment of wastewaters from the production of
nitrate esters and other nitrated explosives). Consequently, the
Agency believes carbon adsorption is demonstrated to treat P009
wastewaters.
P015 - Beryllium dust - The Agency has identified a metallic beryllium
producer that accepts beryllium wastes including P015 for
recycling. The wastes are manifested directly to the facility
since it has a RCRA storage permit. The facility usually only
accepts beryllium wastes that are not highly contaminated. The
wastes generally go through several proprietary processes to
remove some of the contaminants (such as iron and lead); the waste
is then added to the production process to make metallic
beryllium. Additionally, for highly contaminated wastes, the
facility has a vacuum cleaning process to recover beryllium from
the dust. Hence, EPA believes that recovery is demonstrated to
treat P015.
P056 - Fluorine - Two companies (in Pennsylvania and New Jersey) use
alkaline scrubbers to react with waste fluorine gas, although each
uses a different alkaline agent. One company uses potassium
hydroxide solution and then ships the spent solution to a
commercial wastewater treatment plant for disposal. The other
company uses a caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution in its
scrubber, and when the resulting sodium fluoride concentration
exceeds its solubility concentration (about 4.0 g/100 ml of
water), the sodium fluoride is filtered out, drummed, and then
shipped to a permitted disposer. Hence, solubilization in
alkaline water is demonstrated to treat gaseous forms of P056.
The Agency has also identified one facility using precipitation of
fluoride as calcium fluoride (USEPA 1988f). Precipitation is
demonstrated to treat P056 wastewaters.
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P068 - Methyl hvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility presently
incinerating P068 nonwastewaters on a full-scale basis.
Therefore, the Agency believes incineration to be demonstrated.
The Agency has found one facility (NASA 1989) using an
ozone/ultraviolet light oxidation treatment system for destruction
of methyl hydrazines in a dilute aqueous solution (<100 ppm methyl
hydrazine). The facility uses total organic carbon (TOC) and some
intermediate products to monitor and evaluate the system;
therefore, the Agency believes ozone/ultraviolet light to be
demonstrated for the dilute wastewater forms of P068. However,
the Agency believes that the oxidation process should be followed
with carbon adsorption as a polishing step for removal because the
oxidation treatment has been demonstrated only for dilute
wastewaters. Carbon adsorption has been demonstrated on similar
wastes. The Agency believes that these wastewaters can be easily
adsorbed because of the branched nature of their structures, their
large molecular weights, and their low solubility in water.
Therefore, EPA believes carbon adsorption is demonstrated for P068
wastewaters. Following adsorption, the resulting nonwastewater
carbon residual must be incinerated.
P073 - Nickel carbonvl - EPA contacted a nickel smelter that uses the
Mond process to purify nickel (Bell 1989). During the Mond
process, nickel carbonyl is passed through a heated bed of alumina
at 200CC to recover nickel. The heat and alumina catalyst
cause the nickel carbonyl to decompose into nickel and carbon
dioxide. The carbon dioxide is fed to an incinerator and
destroyed. EPA believes that for wastewater and nonwastewater
forms of P073, nickel recovery using the Mond process is
demonstrated. EPA has information indicating that chemical
oxidation followed by stabilization is currently being used for
P073 wastes; therefore, this treatment is also demonstrated.
P081 - Nitroelvcerin - The Agency has found one facility using thermal
destruction for treatment of nonwastewater forms of a
nitroglycerin waste. EPA has determined that one facility is
using rotary kiln incineration for treatment of nitroglycerin
wastewaters and nonwastewater slurries. EPA believes that thermal
destruction and incineration are demonstrated for nonwastewaters
and that incineration is demonstrated for wastewaters.
Additionally, carbon adsorption has been demonstrated for similar
wastewaters containing explosive nitro groups (i.e., the listed
waste K045 is spent carbon for treatment of wastewaters from the
production of nitrate esters and other nitrated explosives).
Consequently, the Agency believes that carbon adsorption, as well
as incineration, is demonstrated to treat P081 wastewaters.
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P087 - Osmium tetroxide - EPA has found one facility that bench-treated
an aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide with potassium iodide to
precipitate the osmium metal. The metal was recovered and sent to
a producer of osmium chemicals. (Since osmium is presently valued
at $1,350 per ounce, it is unlikely that anyone is discarding the
material.) According to the 1986 Minerals Yearbook, only 2 pounds
of osmium tetroxide were produced; therefore, the Agency believes
it appropriate to use bench-scale performance data. Hence,
recovery is a demonstrated technology for wastewater forms.
Similar nonwastewaters have been slurried and treated as stated
above; therefore, the Agency believes precipitation followed by
recovery of the osmium to be demonstrated for nonwastewater forms
of P087.
P096 - Phosphine - The Agency believes that it is common practice to
incinerate phosphine to phosphorus pentoxide and scrub the off-gas
with lime solution to generate calcium phosphate. This scrubber
water can be treated with neutralization. Hence, the Agency
considers incineration to be demonstrated to treat phosphine gas
and chemical oxidation followed by precipitation to be
demonstrated to treat P096 wastewaters.
P105 - Sodium azide - EPA has found one facility using incineration for
treatment of P105 nonwastewaters; therefore, the Agency has
concluded that incineration is demonstrated for nonwastewaters.
Nitrite treatment can be accomplished by adding sodium nitrite to
sodium azide to produce nitrogen and sodium hydroxide. This
treatment is currently used by a facility for treatment of lead
azide. Lead azide is believed to be a similar waste based on
chemical properties; consequently, the Agency considers chemical
oxidation to be demonstrated to treat P105 wastewaters.
PI12 - Tetranitromethane - EPA has found one commercial facility
incinerating dilute concentrations of P112. This facility claims
that the waste is sufficiently stable when blended with other
wastes to form a dilute mixture that can be incinerated. Hence,
incineration is demonstrated to treat P112 wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. Additionally, carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated for similar wastewaters containing explosive nitro
groups (i.e., the listed waste K045 is spent carbon for treatment
of wastewaters from the production of nitrate esters and other
nitrated explosives). Consequently, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated to treat P112 wastewaters.
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%) - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of P122 nonwastewaters and
consequently believes that incineration is demonstrated. Since
this compound reacts with water, it is believed that wastewater
forms cannot exist; however, the dissociated zinc can be
precipitated with lime.
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U023 - Benzotrichloride - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U023 nonwastewaters and consequently
believes that incineration is demonstrated. Since this compound
reacts with water, it is believed that wastewater forms cannot
exist; however, carbon absorption has been demonstrated to treat
benzoic acid, which is one of the products formed by the reaction
of benzotrichloride with water.
U086 - N.N-Diethvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U086 nonwastewaters and consequently
believes that incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that U086 wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, the high molecular weights,
and their low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency believes
carbon adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U096 - a.a-Dimethvlbenzvlhvdroperoxide - EPA has found one commercial
facility using incineration for treatment of U096 nonwastewaters;
hence, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures, their high molecular weights, and their
low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U098 - 1.1-Dimethvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U098 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of their
polar nature. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon adsorption
to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U099 - 1.2-Dimethvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U099 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, the high molecular weights,
and their low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency
considers carbon adsorption to be demonstrated for these
wastewaters.
U103 - Dimethyl sulfate - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U103 nonwastewaters; therefore,
incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
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these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures, their high molecular weights, and
their low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers
carbon adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U109 - 1.2-Diphenvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U109 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of their
polar nature. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon adsorption
to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U133 - Hvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U133 nonwastewaters; therefore,
incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of their polar
nature. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon adsorption to be
demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U134 - Hydrogen fluoride - The disposal of hydrogen fluoride is similar
to the disposal of fluorine. In fact, the same scrubbing
equipment and the same alkaline scrubbing solutions are used by
two facilities for both waste fluorine and waste hydrogen
fluoride. Two other facilities utilize scrubbing, or a variation
of scrubbing, for their waste hydrogen fluoride gas but do not
scrub fluorine. A fifth vendor uses recovery and recycle
techniques on its gas cylinders, but its situation is special
because its locations deal only in 850-pound, 1-ton, and 20-ton
containers. With such large containers, recovery and recycle are
the most technically feasible practice. Because four companies
use alkaline scrubbing and one uses product recovery and recycle,
these are demonstrated technologies.
U135 - Hydrogen sulfide - It is common practice to incinerate hydrogen
sulfide, which will generate sulfur dioxide off-gas. The off-gas
can be scrubbed with alkaline solution to generate calcium
sulfate. Hence, the Agency believes that incineration is
demonstrated to treat hydrogen sulfide gas and that chemical
oxidation of any sulfide to sulfate, followed by precipitation, is
demonstrated to treat U135 wastewaters.
U160 - Methyl ethvl ketone peroxide - One facility reportedly uses
thermal destruction to treat U160 nonwastewaters. EPA has also
found one commercial facility using incineration for treatment of
U160 nonwastewaters; therefore, both technologies are demonstrated
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to treat U160 nonwastewaters. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of their polar
nature. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon adsorption to be
demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U189 - Phosphorus sulfide - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U189 nonwastewaters; hence,
incineration is demonstrated. This compound reacts with water,
and consequently it is believed that wastewater forms cannot exist.
U249 - Zinc phosphide (<10%) - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U249 nonwastewaters; hence,
incineration is demonstrated. Since this constituent is water
reactive, it is believed that wastewater forms cannot exist;
however, the dissociated zinc can be precipitated with lime.
5.5 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
This section presents the rationale for determination of best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for each reactive P and U
waste. First, the Agency examines all the demonstrated technologies to
determine whether one of the technologies performs significantly better
than another. Next, the "best" performing treatment technology is
evaluated to determine whether the resulting treatment is "substantial."
Since EPA does not have performance data for any of these wastes and
because of the lack of analytical methods, the Agency's evaluation of
"substantial" is based on the performance of technologies established in
the Agency's BDAT data base. If the "best" technology provides
"substantial" treatment and it has been determined that the technology is
also commercially available to the affected industry, then the technology
represents BDAT.
For the purpose of BDAT determinations, the Agency has identified
four subgroups according to similarities in treatment, chemical
composition, and structure. These groups are Incinerable Reactive
Organics and Hydrazine Derivatives, Incinerable Inorganics, Fluorine
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Compounds, and Recoverable Metallics. The discussion of the treatment
standards applicable to each subgroup follows. Table 5-1 at the end of
this section summarizes the treatment standards for P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents.
5.5.1 BOAT for Incinerable Reactive Organics and Hydrazine Derivatives
The following constituents have been grouped together because they
are organic constituents that can be incinerated:
P009 - Ammonium picrate P068 - Methyl hydrazine
P081 - Nitroglycerine P105 - Sodium azide
P112 - Tetranitromethane U086 - 1,2-Diethylhydrazine
U023 - Benzotrichloride U098 - 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
U096 - a,a-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide U099 - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
U103 - Dimethyl sulfate U109 - 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
U160 - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide U133 - Hydrazine
The Agency does not believe that concentration-based treatment
standards can be established for these wastes at this time. The major
problems in establishing concentration-based standards for these wastes
are (1) EPA does not currently have an analytical method for measuring
many of these wastes in treatment residues and (2) where the Agency does
have methods, there are no data available on the treatment of these
chemicals. In cases when there is no verified analytical method for a
particular waste, EPA tries to find an appropriate measurable surrogate
or indicator compound. However, no constituent has been identified in
these wastes that could be used as a surrogate or indicator compound.
One of the specific problems encountered in analysis of P068, P105,
P112, U023, U098, U099, and U103 is that these wastes break down quickly
in water (hydrolyze) and the analysis of wastewater forms of these wastes
is very difficult, as well as often hazardous because of the intensity of
the reaction. In addition, the Agency lacks data on what effects the
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hydrolysis products would have on the environment. Also, verified
analytical methods do not currently exist for the quantification of these
hydrolysis products in treatment residues.
Another analytical problem is created because P081 wastes are only
quantifiable by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods.
Although HPLC techniques have been used to quantify certain chemicals in
relatively clean aqueous matrices, the Agency has not completely verified
that HPLC is appropriate for analysis of either untreated wastes or
treatment residuals. There is only one HPLC method currently listed in
SW-846 as applicable for analysis of solid wastes, with very limited
applicability. However, the Agency is in the process of validating other
HPLC methods, including multiple-column HPLC systems and HPLC units
coupled with mass spectroscopy. Until this method validation work is
completed, the Agency does not believe that it should establish
concentration-based treatment standards for these particular U and P
chemicals. Further, the Agency currently lacks data on treatment of
hazardous wastes based on HPLC analyses. In addition, there are no
verified SW-846 analytical methods for measuring P009 and U133 in
treatment residues.
Nonwastewaters. The Agency has identified incineration, fuel
substitution, and chemical oxidation/reduction as demonstrated
technologies for treatment of reactive organic constituents. These
technologies are considered commercially available and provided
substantial treatment of reactive organic constituents; therefore, they
are considered "best."
Many of the U and P wastes exist as concentrated off-specification
chemicals. Depending on other constituents present in the waste matrix,
these off-specification chemicals could potentially be dissolved in a
suitable waste solvent prior to treatment (i.e., incinerated in a liquid
injection system). There is, however, risk associated with dissolving
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these highly reactive chemicals; therefore, treatment without dissolving
may be preferable. EPA is not precluding the dissolution of these
chemicals to facilitate treatment. In cases where there is a significant
volume of these chemicals, dissolution may be necessary to reduce air
emissions or to reduce the risk of explosion prior to treatment.
Since the analytical problems previously described preclude setting
concentration-based treatment standards and RCRA section 3004(m) allows
the Agency to establish either levels or methods of treatment, the Agency
is promulgating a treatment standard of "Incineration (INCIN), Fuel
Substitution (FSUBS), Chemical Oxidation (CHOXD), or Chemical Reduction
(CHRED) as Methods of Treatment" for the nonwastewater forms of these U
and P wastes. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the
technologies referred to by a five letter technology code in parentheses.
Although there is an SW-846 method for U109, the Agency is not
promulgating a numerical standard for this waste since it is very similar
to P068, U086, U098, U099, and U133 (all are hydrazine compounds).
Further, there are no performance data from which to establish numerical
standards, and it is the Agency's belief that the thermal and chemical
destruction technologies specified will provide effective treatment for
this waste.
Wastewaters. The Agency determined that carbon adsorption was
demonstrated, available, and provided substantial treatment; it was
therefore considered "best." Additionally, for wastewaters containing
high concentrations of constituents, incineration was determined to be
demonstrated, available, and therefore "best."
Data reviewed by the Agency indicate that some of these wastes (i.e.,
P068) can be effectively treated by ozone/ultraviolet light oxidation
(chemical oxidation). EPA also has information indicating that
biodegradation is capable of destroying the reactive organic constituents
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in the wastewater forms of these P and U wastes. These technologies are
demonstrated, available, and provide substantial treatment; they are
therefore considered "best" for some wastes in this group.
Based on the information described above, the Agency is promulgating
a treatment standard of "Incineration (INCIN), Chemical Oxidation
(CHOXD), Chemical Reduction (CHRED) or Carbon Adsorption (CARBN), or
Biodegradation (BIODG) as Methods of Treatment" for the wastewater forms
of these P and U wastes. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description
of the technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in
parentheses.
The Agency is unaware of any alternative treatment or recycling
technologies that have been examined specifically for these U and P
wastes. The Agency solicited data and comments on such technologies but
received no response on this issue. In any case, the treatment standards
for the nonwastewater and wastewater forms of these P and U wastes does
not preclude recycling (provided the recycling is not a use constituting
disposal).
5.5.2 BOAT for Incinerable Inorganics
The following constituents have been grouped together because they
consist of compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus:
P006 - Aluminum phosphide U135 - Hydrogen sulfide
P096 - Phosphine U189 - Phosphorus sulfide
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%) U249 - Zinc phosphide (<10%)
The Agency does not believe that numerical treatment standards can be
established for these wastes at this time. The major problem in
establishing concentration-based standards for these wastes is that EPA
does not currently have an analytical method for measuring these wastes
5-26
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in treatment residues. In cases when there is no analytical method for a
particular waste, EPA tries to find an appropriate measurable surrogate
or indicator compound; however, no constituent has been identified in
these wastes that could be used as a surrogate or indicator compound.
One of the specific problems encountered in analysis of P006 is that
this waste breaks down quickly in water (hydrolyzes), making the analysis
of wastewater forms of this waste very difficult. In addition, an SW-846
analytical method does not exist for U189.
Nonwastewaters. The Agency has information indicating that
incineration and chemical oxidation/reduction can be used for effective
treatment for phosphine gas (P096) and hydrogen sulfide gas (U135). The
information indicates that both of these gases can be treated by
controlled reaction with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.
This treatment allows the margin of safety that venting into an
incinerator does not, since both gases, when heated, emit highly toxic
oxides of either sulfur or phosphorus.
The Agency still believes that incineration can be used to
effectively and safely treat some of these wastes. However, because many
of these wastes will contain high concentrations of sulfur and phosphorus
when discarded as off-spec products, they will require as part of their
treatment the use of air pollution control equipment capable of
controlling the emissions of phosphorus and sulfur to acceptable levels.
The Agency believes that both incineration and chemical
oxidation/reduction have been proven to provide substantial treatment.
These technologies are also commercially available; hence they are "best."
Based on available information, the Agency is promulgating a
treatment standard of "Incineration (INCIN), Chemical Oxidation (CHOXD),
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or Chemical Reduction (CHRED) as Methods of Treatment" for P006, P096,
P122, U135, U189, and U249 nonwastewaters. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1,
for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter
technology code in parentheses.
Wastewaters. The Agency reviewed information indicating that
these wastewaters can be effectively treated by incineration or chemical
oxidation/reduction. The Agency believes that both incineration and
chemical oxidation/reduction provide substantial treatment and are also
commercially available; hence, they are "best."
Based on available information, the Agency is promulgating a
treatment standard of "Incineration (INCIN), Chemical Oxidation (CHOXD),
or Chemical Reduction (CHRED) as Methods of Treatment" for the wastewater
forms of P006, P096, P122, U135, U189, and U249 wastewaters. See 40 CFR
268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a
five-letter technology code in parentheses.
The Agency is currently unaware of any alternative treatment or
recycling technologies that have been examined specifically for the
nonwastewater or wastewater forms of these P and U wastes. The Agency
solicited data and comments on this, but received no response on this
issue. The final rule, in any case, does not preclude recycling
(provided the recycling does not involve burning as fuel or is not a use
constituting disposal, see 40 CFR 261.33).
5.5.3 BDAT for Fluorine Compounds
The following constituents were grouped together because of their
physical form and because they contain fluorine:
P056 - Fluorine
U134 - Hydrofluoric Acid
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Nonwastewaters. Both of these wastes can exist as gases and
gases solubilized in wastewaters (although U134 is often generated as an
aqueous acid). In the gaseous form, alkaline scrubbing to achieve
neutralization has been demonstrated to treat P056 and U134, although
recycling and recovery can be used when applicable for some containerized
gases.
EPA is promulgating "Adsorption (ADGAS) Followed by Neutralization
(NEUTR) as a Method of Treatment" for P056 nonwastewaters and
"Neutralization (NEUTR) or Adsorption (ADGAS) followed by Neutralization
(NEUTR) as Methods of Treatment" for U134 nonwastewaters since this waste
can exist as an acidic solution or a gas. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1,
for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter
technology code in parentheses. The Agency made this decision as a
result of information indicating that most facilities are currently
treating gaseous forms of P056 and U134 by reacting the gases with
alkaline solution and that it is common practice to neutralize waste
hydrofluoric acid (U134).
The Agency has information indicating that these fluorine compounds
are mixed with other wastes requiring incineration and that they can be
safely incinerated. The Agency is not precluding incineration as long as
the acid off-gases are scrubbed with alkaline reagents to achieve the
appropriate treatment standard. In this case, the water will act as the
adsorbent and the alkaline reagents will neutralize the acidity.
Wastewaters. The Agency has reviewed data applicable for the
wastewater forms of P056 and U134 wastes. These data were used to
develop numerical treatment standards for BOAT list constituents, such as
fluoride. Detailed information on the development of these treatment
standards is included in the Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Wastewaters Containing BOAT List
Constituents (EPA 1989e). A summary of the information used to develop
the fluoride treatment standard is included in Appendix I.
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Based on the information described above, the Agency is promulgating
a concentration-based wastewater treatment standard of 35 mg/1 for
fluoride in P056 and U134 wastewaters.
5.5.4 BDAT for Recoverable Metallics
All the wastes in this group contain metallic elements (i.e.,
beryllium, osmium, and nickel) that can be recovered because of their
high economic value. Information available to the Agency indicates that
recovery of these metallic elements from these wastes is feasible and is
currently practiced.
P015 - Beryllium dust
P073 - Nickel carbonyl
P087 - Osmium tetroxide
Nonwastewaters. The Agency reviewed information indicating
that it is inappropriate to establish recovery as the only acceptable
treatment method for nickel carbonyl (P073). Because of the highly
reactive nature of the chemical and the fact that it is generated in
small quantities, long-term storage to obtain quantities sufficient to
justify recovery either on-site or off-site would present a significant
safety hazard. The information indicates that P073 can be treated by
oxidation, either thermally in an incinerator or chemically in a
laboratory-scale treatment facility, followed by stabilization. This is
the only safe, economical, and environmentally sound treatment method for
small quantities of nickel carbonyl.
Based on this information, the Agency believes that it is not always
practical to recover small quantities of nickel and that oxidation of
wastewaters followed by stabilization of nonwastewaters will provide
effective treatment for P073 wastes. Since EPA has performance data on
the stabilization of nickel in nonwastewaters believed to be similar to
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P073, the Agency has decided to develop a concentration-based standard.
The performance data used were from the stabilization of F006
nonwastewaters. These F006 wastes contained high concentrations of
nickel (as high as 170,000 ppm). Therefore, the Agency believes that
these data are applicable to P073 nonwastewaters. Based on these data,
the Agency is promulgating a concentration-based standard of 0.32 mg/1
nickel for P073 nonwastewaters. A summary of the stabilization
performance data used is presented in Appendix J.
For P015 and P087, recovery was the only demonstrated technology
identified. The Agency reviewed information from a producer of beryllium
and beryllium-containing products indicating that although only very
small quantities of P015 are generated at any one time, recovery is a
viable and preferred treatment method in light of the high economic value
of the recovered beryllium. Additionally, the Agency is aware that it is
current practice to recover osmium from P087 using bench-scale
technologies because of the high economic value of the recovered osmium.
Consequently, the Agency is promulgating a treatment standard of
"Recovery (REMETL or RTHRM) as a Method of Treatment" for P015 and P087
nonwastewaters. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a detailed description
of the technologies referred to by five-letter technology codes in
parentheses.
Wastewaters. The Agency identified recovery and chemical
oxidation as the only demonstrated treatment of wastewaters containing
P073 wastes. These technologies are commercially available and were
therefore considered "best."
Based on the information received for P073 wastes (as previously
described in the nonwastewater section), the Agency has decided to
develop a concentration-based standard for P073 wastewaters. This
standard is based on the chemical oxidation of K062 wastewaters. The
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wastewaters treated contained between 4 and 100,310 ppm of nickel.
Therefore, the Agency believes that these data are applicable to P073
wastewaters. Based on these data, the Agency is promulgating a
concentration-based standard of 0.44 mg/1 nickel for P073 wastewaters. A
summary of the chemical oxidation performance data used is presented in
Appendix K.
Based on the information reviewed for P015 and P087 wastes (as
previously described in the nonwastewater section), the Agency is
promulgating a treatment standard of "Recovery (RMETL or RTMRM) as a
Method of Treatment" for P015 and P087 wastewaters. See 40 CFR 268.42,
Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-
letter technology code in parentheses.
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Table 5-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes
Containing Reactive Listing Constituents
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P105, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Nonwastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), FUEL SUBSTITUTION (FSUBS),
CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD), OR
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED)
AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Wastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD),
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED), CARBON ADSORPTION (CARBN), OR
BIODEGRADATION (BIODG) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P006, P096, P122, U135, and U249
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
INCINERATION (INCIN), CHEMICAL OXIDATION (CHOXD), OR
CHEMICAL REDUCTION (CHRED) AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR 26* Subpart O or 265 Subpart 0. Fuel substitution units must
comply with 40 CFR Fart 266 Subpart D. See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the
technologies referred to by a five-letter technology code in parentheses.
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Table 5-1 (continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P056
[Nonwastewaters]
ADSORPTION (ADGAS) FOLLOWED BY NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR)
AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR U134
[Nonwastewaters]
NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR) OR ADSORPTION (ADGAS) FOLLOWED
BY NEUTRALIZATION (NEUTR)
AS METHODS OF TREATMENT*
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P056 AND U134
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Fluoride 35
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P015 AND P087
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
RECOVERY (RMETL OR RTHRM) AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT*
* See 40 CFR 268.42, Table 1, for a description of the technologies referred to by a five-letter
technology code in parentheses.
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Table 5-1 (continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P073
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/kg)
Nichel 0.32
BOAT STANDARDS FOR P073
[Wastewater]
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Regulated Total composition
constituent (mg/1)
Nickel 0.44
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6. REFERENCES
Alchowiak, J. and Truskett, 0. 1989. Letter to Lisa Jones, EPA,
concerning analytical issues associated with the listing constituents
for the U and P wastes codes.
Aldrich catalog handbook of fire chemicals. 1988-1989.
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation. Standard method for the examination of water and
wastewater. 16th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health
Association.
Baldwin. 1989. U.S. Army's installation restoration incineration
program is in full swing. Hazardous Materials Technical Center.
Vol. 8, No. 4. July 1989.
Belfort, G. 1981. Selective adsorption of organic homologs or to
activated carbon from dilute aqueous solutions - solvophobic
interaction approach: development and test of theory. Vol. 2. In
Chemistry in water reuse, ed. W.R. Cooper, pp. 207-242. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science.
Bell, B.J., Inco. 1989. Letter to Ed Rissman, Versar Inc. concerning
nickel carbonyl-properties and standard handling procedures.
Casta, J.F. 1962. Chemistry problems. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and
Winston.
Claussen, E., EPA. Letter to EPA Solid Waste Branch Chiefs, Regions I-X
concerning interim thresholds for toxic gas generation reactivity.
CWM. 1987. Chemical Waste Management. Technical note 87-117,
Stabilization treatment of selected metal containing wastes. September
22, 1987. Chemical Waste Management, 150 West 137th Street, Riverdale,
IL.
Dean, J.A., ed. 1979. Lange's handbook of chemistry. 12th ed.
pp. 3-126 - 3-128. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co.
Department of the Army. 1984. Department of the Army technical manual
on military explosives. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters Department of
the Army.
Department of the Army. 1987. United States Army Environmental Hygiene
Agency. RCRA Part B permit writer's guidance manual for Department of
Defense open burning/open detonation units. Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland.
6-1
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Giusti, Conway, and Lawson. 1974. Activated carbon adsorption of petro-
chemicals. WPCF 46(5).
Hammond. 1986. The Dow Stretford chemical recovery process.
Environmental Progress 5(1).
Hunt, L.F. and Sanow, D.J. 1989. Certification of solidified
zirconium fines for disposal at the RWMC. Prepared for the U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy by EG&G Idaho, Inc. Idaho Falls, Idaho.
Mutton, D.G. 1981. Removal of priority pollutants with a combined
powdered activated carbon - activated sludge process. Vol. 2. In
Chemistry in water reuse ed. W. R. Cooper, pp. 403-428. Ann Arbor
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science.
Kirk-Othmer. 1979. Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 2nd ed. New
York: John Wiley and Sons.
McGlathery, M., Exxon Chemicals. 1989. Data Package to the Superfund
Technology Demonstration Division concerning a site proposal.
American Society for Metals. 1984. Metals handbook, 9th ed., Vol. 7.
Metals Park, Ohio: American Society for Metals.
Morrison, R., and Boyd, R., 1983. Organic chemistry. 4th ed. Newton,
Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
NASA. 1989. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pilot plant
study of MMH neutralization by ozonation. (Draft report). Las Cruces,
New Mex.:, Johnson Space Center.
Olexsey, Blaney, Turner, and Brown. 1988. Technologies for the recovery
of solvents from hazardous wastes. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous
Materials, 5(4).
Rissmann, E., and Fargo, L., Versar. 1989. Letter to Juan Baez-Martinez,
EPA, concerning phone calls made to generators/treators of reactive
wastes.
Robertson, T., Ross Environmental Services, Inc. 1989. To Jim Berlow,
EPA comment concerning EPA's approach to remaining wastes.
Sax, N. Irving, and Richard J. Lewis, Sr. 1987. Dangerous properties of
industrial materials. 7th ed.
Sobororoff, Troyer, and Cochran. 1978. A one-step method for recycling
waste chromic acid-sulfuric acid etching solutions. As presented in
the Proceedings of the Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.
6-2
3382s
-------
Turkeltaub and Wiehl. 1989. Cleaning up explosives contamination at
Army munitions plants using incineration. Hazardous Materials Control
2(4), July-August 1989.
USEPA. 1983a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for
chemical analysis of waters and wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020. Cincinnati,
Ohio: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory.
USEPA. 1983b. U.S. Environmental Protrection Agency. Development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
metal finishing point source category. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1985. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Case studies of
existing treatment applied to hazardous waste banned from
landfills-waste category assessment report corrosive waste. Prepared
by GCA Corporation. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1986a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National survey of
hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling
facilities. Computer printout: data on non-CBI commercial facilities
only sorted by management category.
USEPA. 1986c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite engineering
report of treatment technology performance and operation for Envirite
Corporation, York, Pennsylvania. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1986b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Test methods for
evaluating solid waste, SW-846 3rd ed. Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1987a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Generic quality
assurance project plan for land disposal restrictions program (BOAT).
EPA/530-SW-87-011. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
USEPA. 1987b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for
solvent-containing wastes. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methodology for
developing BOAT treatment standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
6-3
3382g
-------
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology background document for cyanide wastes.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for
corrosive-containing wastes, Vol. II. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for halogenated
organic-containing wastes, Vol. I. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988e. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: Data for D001, D002, D003, and P and U
wastes containing reactive listing constituents from the Generator
Survey data base. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1988f. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on wastewater treatment processes for
specific treatment of fluoride wastes from the 1986 TSDR Survey.
Retrieved September 26, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988g. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) background document for F006 wastes.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988h. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) background document for K062 wastes.
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988i. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite engineering
report of treatment technology and performance for K061 waste at
Horsehead Resource Development Company, Inc. Palmerton, Pennsylvania.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatment
technologies background document. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on processes for specific treatment of
waste oxidizers from the 1986 TSDR Survey. Retrieved August 2, 1989.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
6-4
3382g
-------
USEPA. 1989c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on treatment of D001, D002, and D003
wastes from the 1986 Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Survey
data base. Retrieved October 27, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on treatment of D001, D002, and D003
wastes from the 1986 Generator Survey data base. Retrieved October 27,
1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989e. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for wastewaters containing BDAT list constituents.
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Weast, R.C., ed. 1980. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. 61st
ed. p. C-134. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, Inc.
Wilk, Palmer, and Breton. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Technical resource document: Treatment technologies for corrosive-
containing wastes, Vol. II. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Yoder, M., DPRA. 1989. Letter to Laura L. Fargo, Versar Inc.
concerning 1986 TSDR printout for units/systems with specified unit
types.
Winams and Dreier. 1980. Innovative acid pickling waste treatment at
Universal-Cyclops stainless steel plant. As presented in the
Proceedings of the Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.
Windholz, M., ed. 1983. The Merck index. 10th ed.
Rahway, N.J.: Merck and Company.
6-5
3382g
-------
APPENDIX A
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS FOR D001 WASTES
-------
2818g-l
Table A-l Characterization and Industry Data for 0001 Hastes That Are Only Characteristic Ignltable Hastes (I.e.
Kith other hazardous wastes) According to the 1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
not alxed
SIC code Industry description
2911 Petroleum refining
3011 Miscellaneous plastics products
8221 Colleges, universities, professional
schools
2800 Chew lea Is and chaalcal preparations
2821 Plastics Materials, synthetic resins.
nonvolcanizable e las towers
2869 Industrial organic cheaitcals
Haste description
Other organic sludge
Oily sludge
Oily sludge
Oily sludge
Oily sludge
Oily sludge
Oily sludge
Oil-water evulsion or Mixture
Soil contaminated with organlcs
Soil contaminated with organlcs
Soil contaminated with organlcs
Other Inorganic solids
Spent solid filters or absorbents
Spent solid filters or absorbents
Spent solid filters or absorbents
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
Other inorganic sludge
Other organic sludge
Spent carbon
Oily sludge
Soil contaminated with organlcs
Other inorganic chemicals
Spent carbon
Soil contaminated with organlcs
Oil-water emulsion or Mixture
Other organic liquid
Other waste inorganic chemicals
Spent solid filters or absorbents
Other organic liquid
Nixed lab packs
Other nonha logenated organic solid
Amount
generated
In tons
28
3
1
2.030
310
281
73
142
2.703
204
1
43
80
13
7
1
182
12
39
208
297
1
12
19
754
15
6
3.140
29
15
41
Management
pract Ice
in 1986
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Landfill
Landfill
Surface impoundment
Surface inpoundnent
Surface impoundment
Haste piles
Landfill
Land treatment
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
-------
Table A-l (continued)
SIC code
Industry description
Haste description
Amount
generated
in tons
Management
pract ice
in 1986
2869
Industrial organic chemicals (cant.)
ro
2879
3317
2819
3546
3674
3674
4911
3711
9711
9711
Pesticides and agricultural chemicals
Coating engraving and allied services
Other
Other fabricated metal products Industries.
except machinery and transportation
equipment industries
Semiconductors and related devices
Semiconductors and related devices
Other electronic, gas. and sanitary
services Industries
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies
National security
National security
Solid resins or polymerized organIcs 172
Solid resins or polymerized organIcs 1
Metal scale, filings, or scrap 1
Solid resins or polymerized organIcs 83
Solid resins or polymerized organics 9
Spent solid filters or a desorbent 21
Nonhalogenated solvent 45
Nonhalogenated solvent 28.883
Nonhalogenated solvent 322
Haste oil 383.333
Concentrated aqueous solution of other organics 4.695
Nonhalogenated solvent 4
Soil contaminated with organics 329
Sediment or lagoon dragout contaminated with organics only 303
Sludge with other reactIves 31
Acidic aqueous waste 462
Lab packs of old chemicals only 15
Solid resins or polymerized organics 35
Organic paint or ink sludge 19.285
Metal scale, filings, or scrap 10
Concentrated aqueous solution of other organics 45
Other organic liquid. VOS 1
Oil-Hater emulsion or mixture 42
Empty or crushed metal drums or containers I
Solid resins or polymerized organics 3
Spent solid filters or adsorbents 2
Nonhalogenated solvent |
Other Inorganic solids 2
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Surface Impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface Impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface Impoundment
Underground injection
Landfill
Landfill
Waste piles
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Surface impoundment
Haste piles
Waste piles
Waste piles
Landfill
Landfill
-------
2818g-3
Table A-l (continued)
SIC code Industry description Waste description
8999 Commercial Treatment. Storage. Disposal Facility Empty or crushed metal drums or containers
generated by the semiconductors and related
devices industry
Lab packs of solid old organic chemicals, only
Empty or crushed Metal drums or containers
Solid resins or polymerized organ Ics generated
by the Manufacturers of paints, varnishes.
lacquers, enamels, and allied products
Other nonha logenated organic solids
Adheslvea or expoxies
Organic paint or Ink sludge
Other organic sludge. BOS
Resins, tars, or tarry sludge
Other organic sludge
Still bottoms of nonha logenated solvents or
other organic liquids
Ha logenated/nonha logenated solvent Mixture
Other organic liquid
Waste oil
Ha logenated (e.g.. chlorinated) solvent
Reactive or polymer liable organic liquid
Soil contaminated with organ ics
Ash. slag, or other residue from Incineration
of «astes
Other inorganic solids
Other Inorganic solids. NOS generated by the
choalcals and chemical preparations Industry.
Asbestos solids and debris
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
Other inorganic solids
Drilling aud
Caustic solution with metals but no cyanides
Other inorganic, liquid
Amount
generated
in tons
919
315
57
8.687
850
5
401
433
94
48
26
107
253
25
IB
5
810
4.598
91
54
11
3
1
1
2
4
2
Management
practice
in 1986
»
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
-------
2818g-4
Table A-I (continued)
SIC code Industry description Waste description
8999 Commercial Treatment. Storage. Disposal Facility Spent acid with Metals
(continued) Spent acid without metals
Other Inorganic sludge
Caustic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with reactive sulf Ides
Aqueous waste with low solvent
Other organic liquid. MS
Equipment cleaning effluent
Spent acid with netals
Caustic solution with Metals but no cyanides
Halogenated/nonhalogenated solvent Mixture
Contact flash point less than HOT generated
by the Industrial organic chemicals industry
Concentrated solvent -water solution generated
by the Manufacturers of paints, varnishes.
lacquers, enamels, and allied products
Other organic liquid
Oil-water emits ion or Mixture
Paint thinner or petroleum distillates
Nonha logenated solvent
Aqueous waste with other low toxic organ Ics
generated by the Industrial organic chemicals
Amount
generated
in tons
1
1
56
1
1
1.993
3.449
2
21
5
13.125
4.167
4.167
3.340
1.683
121
54
1.718
Management
pract Ice
in 1986
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Surface
impoundment
Surface
impoundment
Surface
impoundnent
Surface
impoundnent
Underground
inject Ion
Underground
Inject Ion
Underground
injection
Underground
Injection
Underground
inject ion
Underground
Injection
Underground
Injection
Underground
Inject ion
industry
-------
28189-5
Table A-I (continued)
SIC code Industry description Waste description
8999 CoMKrclal Treatment. Storage. Disposal Facility Other aqueous wastes with low dissolved solids
(continued)
Aqueous waste with other low toxic organlcs
Halogenated/nonhalogenated solvent Mixture
generated by the Manufacturers of other
Miscellaneous plastic products industry
Aqueous solution with low solvents generated
front the production of Motor vehicle parts
and accessories
AMount
generated
In tons
402
1.424
978
11.505
Management
pract ice
in 1986
Underground
Injection
Underground
injection
Waste piles
Waste piles
Reference: USEPA J98C«.
i
en
-------
28l9g-l
Table A-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Nixed Wastes Containing Ignliable (0001) Wastes
According to the 1986 TSDH Survey for Non-CBI. Hon-comnerclal Facilities Only
SIC code
Industry description
Waste
code
Waste description
Amount
generated
In tons
Management
practice
in 1986
2911 PetroleiM refining
D001
0003
0007
D008
Oily sludge
11
Land treatment
D001
0003
Oily sludge
538
Land treatment
0001
0007
0008
Soli contaminated with organics
Land treatment
0001
0002
"Dry** line or metal hydroxide solids
not "fixed"
Land treatment
0001
0002
0003
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
Land treatment
0001
KOS1
Concentrated aqueous solution of
other organic
239
Surface inpoundnent
0001
0002
0003
Concentrated aqueous solution of
other organic
239
Surface impoundment
-------
2B19g-2
Table A-2 (continued)
Waste
SIC code Industry description code
8221 Colleges, universities. 0001
professional schools, and D002
junior colleges 0003
U075
UI51
2800 Chemicals and chat leal 0001
preparat ions 0009
0001
0009
0003
0001
0009
0011
9711 National security 0001
F003
F005
BOO!
0007
1321 Oil and gas extraction 0001
0003
Mount Management
generated pract Ice
Waste description In tons In 1986
Lab packs of old chenicals only S Landfill
Lab packs of old chat lea Is only 1 Landfill
Lab packs of debris only 1 Landfill
Other Metal sa1ts/che»lcals only 3 Landfill
Nonhalooenated solvent 1 Landfill
Other waste inorganic chemicals 50 Landfill
Spent solid filters or absorbents 61 Landfill
-------
2819g-3
Table A-2 (continued)
oo
Waste
SIC code Industry description code
2821 Plastics Materials. 0001
synthetic resins, and non- 0002
volcan liable elastomers D003
2833 Medicinal chemicals and 0001
botanical products 0002
0002
0003
F002
F003
P106
0080
11112
0154
U220
2869 Industrial organic cheaicals 0001
0002
0003
0001
0003
0001
0002
0007
Amount
generated
Waste description In tons
Acidic aqueous waste 1,352
Other reactive chewlcals
Concentrated solvent -water solution 2.458.353
Acidic aqueous waste
Caustic aqueous waste
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no Metals
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Caustic solution with cyanides but no Metals
Halogenated (e.g.. chlorinated) solvent
Monhalogenated solvent
Nonha logenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Reactive or polyoerlzable organic 65.753
liquid
Reactive or polymer liable organic 19
liquid
Waste oil 30
Management
pract Ice
In 1986
Surface impoundment
Surface inpoundnent
Surface Impoundnent
Surface inpoundnent
Surface impoundnent
-------
2BI9g-4
Table A-2 (continued)
SIC code Industry description
Amount Management
Waste generated pract Ice
code Waste description in tons In 1986
2869 Industrial organic che»lcals (cont.)
0001 "Dry" line or Metal hydroxide solids not
"flxed"
0002 Batteries or battery parts, casings, cores
Surface iipoundnent
0001 Aqueous waste with low solvents
0002 Acidic aqueous waste
0003 Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
D007 Other inorganic liquid
40,725
Surface lipoumftnent
0001 Aqueous waste with low other toxic
organ ics
0002 Acidic aqueous waste
K011 Aqueous waste with low other toxic organ Ics
KOI3 Aqueous waste with low other toxic organIcs
K014 Aqueous waste with low other toxic organics
7.425
Surface lifioundment
0001
0002
0003
F003
Reactive or polynerlzable organic
liquid
Ronha logenated solvent
899
Surface inpoundnent
0001
0002
Nonhalogenated solvent
176
Surface tapoundnent
0001
0002
0003
Nonha logenated solvent
Reactive or polynerizable organic liquid
37
Surface impoundment
-------
2B19g-5
Table A-2 (continued)
SIC code Industry description
2869 Industrial organic chemicals (cont.)
3662 Mining and quarries of non-
Metallic Minerals, except fuel
Other primary Metals Industries
Textile Mill products
4CAA AftlukB A 1— .— ^ — t» & 1 A«uJ • Ton § • n«i IM
3699 Other electrical and electronic
Machinery, equipment, and
*• supplies industries
mm j
o
2839 Pharmaceutical preparations
Waste
code
DOOI
0002
DOOI
0007
U188
•vint
DOOI
0002
0001
0007
F002
F003
F005
Amount
generated
Waste description In tons
Aqueous waste with low solvents 383
Acidic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with other react Ives 8.382
(e.g.. explosives)
Other metal salts/chemicals
Concentrated phenol Ics
Aj«ldlX« ••••••»•!••• M*«ta» CAT fl 9O
He toic aqueous waste au/.izo
Caustic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste 54.167
Management
practice
In 1986
Surface Impoundment
Surface Impoundment
Stirr AC6 iRaJNJUItuMHkt
Underground injection
Reference: USEPA 1986a.
-------
2505g-5
Table A-3 Available Waste Characterizaton Data for
0001 Ignitable Liquids Sufacategory
Waste constituent
Volatile Organ ics
1.1.1 Trichloroethane
1.1.2.2 Tetrachloroethane
1.2 Dichloroethane
(1.3 Butandiol)
(2 Pentanol)
(2 Propane 1)
(2-Ethoxy Ethanol)
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Benzene
Carbon Oisulf ide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Ethanol
Ether
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Acetate
(Ethyl Alcohol)
Ethyl Benzene
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
(Heptane)
(Hexane)
Isobutyl Alcohol
Isopropanol
Nethanol
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Nethylavine
(Pentanol)
Perch loroethy lene
PetroleuM Ether
Styrene
Toluene
Trich loroethy lene
Trichlorotrifluoraethane
Xylene
Volatile organ ics not specified
Total concentration HI
Low High
10
5
5
5
5
10
5
11
20
3
0
5
4.25
7.50
0.75
15
0
8.75
24.17
0
6
5
20
6.25
0
6
15
2.50
18.22
0
0
3
5
10
0
6
12.50
2
17. /86
28.44
25
10
10
10
10
20
10
20
35
5
5
10
8.50
15
14.75
20
40
15.25
32
8
12
15
40
12.75
21
10
29.40
14.00
25.63
2.82
37
5
10
20
95
15
17.50
7
32.61
44.79
Note: ( ) denotes a non-BDAT constituent.
Reference: Robertson 1989.
A-n
-------
Table A-4 Waste Characterization Data for 0001 Oxidizer Subcategory
Type of Haste
Constituents
General or
typical
concentrat ion
or aaount
Cowents
P rope Hants,
explosing and
Waste Propellant
Potass iw Nitrate
Bariui Peroxide
Strontiun Nitrate
Potassiun Chlorate
Bariiai Nitrate
Potassiw Nitrate
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
D001
0001. D005.
0001
0001
0001. 0005,
0001
Reference: Department of the Amy 1987.
A-12
-------
APPENDIX B
D001 IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
WASTEWATERS FLASHPOINT ANALYSES
-------
MC.
MEMORANDUM
TO: Ken Ives
FROM: Chris Thompson
DATE: March 27, 1990
SUBJ: Project 5254.15.2 Flashpoint Analysii
1. Attached Is a copy of the flashpoint results for the solvent
solutions.
2. The samples were prepared on February 23, 199O. The
solvents were mixed with deionlzed water until a saturated
solution was obtained. The volume of solvent soluble in
1OO mis of water is listed on the data page. This solution
was tested for flashpoint on February 27 and 28 using a
Pensky-Marten closed-cup tester.
3. If you have any questions concerning the preparation or
testing of the solutions, don't hesitate to call.
cc: Jim Berkes
B-l
-------
APPENDIX C
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS FOR D002 WASTES
-------
o
I
Table C-l
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRPTON
OESCRPTON
A«Mfe " .
doc aqueoua vaam
Atftlfr* 6Mittv« W^A
».— —
. -
MOOR aqiWHW MM
Addle aqueaua warn
AddlC aQUeOUB VMM
AddlC aCJUeOUe WBBte
AddlC 8(|UeOUa WMte
Aflhft? aflwwi fiffffr
Addle aqueous MM
Adrffc aqueous waste
Addte aqueous wsste
Addfc aqUSOUS WasTS
AOOK atAJMUa WBSie
Addfc eOUeOUS Watte
Adrffc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous waste
Adrffc aqueous waste
Adrffc aqueous waste
Adrffc aqueous waste
Adrffc aqueous watt
Adrffc aqueous waste
Adrffc aqueous wast»
Adrffc aqueous wast*
Addle iquwui inatt
Addfc aqiwout MBW
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addle aqueous wast*
Characterization Data for Characteristic Corrosive Wastes D002
MOUSTR1AL OESCRPTDN
luaJmtt
Agrtculurrf ch>n4cri^ OK
Agrfculurri cffMntad^ nw
JLafci*!! rf ftiMlfr^ l^ r>ii«i* imft liU imuftuii
AkcnA
Mrs^t •n*n^fri i^
Mrcran •qi^mwi. me
•ltr«A *C!Tr-*
AMlM mt ctitortw
ARuAn Bid chtortw
Rl^ hmv^ «v1 tfa^ i*
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
i
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRIPTION MOUSTRIAL OESCRPTKM
OCSCRPTION
(continued) Addfc aqueous Mete
Addle aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous w*st*
AeMe aqueous «MM
Addfc aqueous wist*
Addte aquaoua »aaia
A****** - " »_
Addte aquaouawaata
A^^r
AMUU AMI mt
Addkt aqueous waste
Addle aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wan*
Addle aqueous wast*
Addfc aqueous mat*
Addle aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wart*
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wet*
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aquaoua watta
Adtflc aquaoua wasta
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wasts
Addfc aqueous was!*
Addfc aqueous waste
Addb aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addfc aqueous was)*
Addfc aqueous wasl*
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addle aqueous wast*
Electric and etna* servfces cent***. Ebotte ssrvfce*
Electric servfces
Elect* SarvfcOT
Elaciflc aatvfcaa
EkKtffcMtVfcM
ElKtiHovfco
Etedrtes^vtee*
ElaclrlcaaivfeM
EtadrfcaafvfcM
riiirtrt- ••nit'iii
pUffrfc* ^Mrtf^
EkMMeMnfcN
EtoetriBMrvtcaa
rUrfifc^ aMiit-iM
ElKtric nrvfe-M
BiWtrfMliitiiM hjJL-Ui»M.La
EladronlB capacftm
Etoctiofifc oonponwHa, nac
Engh* *hcMul equ^im*-!
ngm* MUIILJI •qu^inwi
EnQlnesrinQ and adanttlc kMtiunanti, Sw^lcal and nudfcal vntnifrants
EnQf avInQ and plat* piliNtiQ
F abricalM iralal pnxhidSi na^ Plait IQ and puRshlno
General ct>*iT*:.lmanu(«aurh(
Qenanl dMNnfcal manutadurtig. Mudrtal organfc ehMnfcab. nec.Petrohum reftnt^
Qenefalcrap setvlc**/
General crap aeivfcaa
Glan eontatnan
Guided mbdlM and apace wHde*. Space piopuWon unM and part*
Hand and edQe loote. nac
Industrial pasea
hdustrtal kwrganfc and organic dienfcals. nee. Nitrogenous lertlllteni
Muslrial hnganfc dwmleab. nee
hdustrtal tmganfc dwnfcak. nee
Industrial Inorganic dwnfcah. nee
Industrial Inorganic cnerrtcjb. nee
Industrial Inorganfc cherrtcab. nee
QUANTITY
412ST
1 534068 a
41000 Q
48S42T
OK
172821 T
230092 T
t447T
genr
BtMT
6320300 Q
•laoao a
B43000 a
273100 a
37itgoo a
282800 Q
218 a
18488000
4)3333(1
8887400 O
3763634 Q
1802000
130720 O
8233T
12013880
ST
259 Q
3380
300 Q
no
ST
18797000 O
1500 a
1280 O
IT
IT
IT
2127 T
39 T
2400 O
32620 Q
178 O
1870 O
2703279 O
350 T
300000 Q
TOST
2854 T
4Q
21 1237 O
2T
IT
IT
10800000 Q
44876000 Q
OK
OK
4400000 T
781 18501 Q
100SQ
4 1300 Q
49000 Q
aXXOa WATER ORGANIC PH
nt rw CONTENT CM
1 88
DK OK
praeem 80
r*A 80
1 present
1 M
1 M
r#A 88
MA 05
NTA OS
r*A presenl
N**A praaanl
NIK ore***
N/A present
N/A preeant
MA prseent
presenl OK
M>A prasert
OK 08
DK OK
OK OK
OK OK
DK OK
DK 89
pressnt 09
OK SO
DK DK
OK DK
1 93
1 DK
DK OK
present 95
0 99
1 90
7 90
1 SO
1 30
0 99
DK DK
0 98
present 80
present 99
presenl 20
OK 95
0.8 98
0 99
DK 90
1 99
OK prmnt
22 78
OK 90
8 89
NM N/A
nVA 98
10 99
presenl present
present presenl
present presenl
1 99
I 07
0 99
0 99
1
DK
N/A
nVA
OK
0
0
NIK
N/A
N/A
N/A
N>A
N/A
NIK
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
OK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
1
OK
DK
DK
DK
DK
presenl
0
DK
0
0
0
DK
OK
0
0
OK
DK
N/A
0.2
DK
DK
OK
N/A
N/A
N/A
KVA
N/A
0
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
NTA
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
7
7
7
7
7.25
6
2
2
2
2
2
5
7
8
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
7
8
2
2
2.3
2
8
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-------
Table C-l (continued)
i
U)
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCmPTO
OESCmPTDN
Addfc •nutoui VMM
Addle *jqu*oui*a*1*>
Addfc •quKMiM*
Addfc aquMM •**•
Addle aquteui •••>
Addfc MUMM VMtO
AcMC •TTMlf MHt*
Addle aquMut MM
Addfc Mutouo VMTO
Addle aquMut wart*
Addfc .quo* ««.
Addfc aqiwoug) wart*
^Mfimu+W W
4*Mfc» "^ .
A****!* ••te
Aj*fln ••*
Addfc aflumt VMM
Addfc anuMM wart*
waoc aquwjut wart*
Addte iflUapUl VMl>
Adrffc aqu*ous wart*
Addfc aqwout watt*
Addfc aquMui rntat
Addfc aqucou* MM*
Addfc aquaou* ma*
Addfc aqiMout wsD*
Addfc aquMui waa«
Addfc aquwut was*
Addfc aqueous was*
Addfc iquMus was*
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addfc aquaoua was*
Addle aquaous wast*
N MDUSTRULOESCnPTKM
fp*.jmfif^ ^^.Qfpfr tht*rfi tv? MO
MutfiWhoi?.v.fcctwnfcaB,mo
MwAW horov* diwifcah, me
h&Mtftei oipMlo ctivfTic*v*v MO
Mjtfrtriaou.fcdwT.fcJfa.rMC
•MMllW OfQMlB CMfflCML MC
bwfcMtiM miunfe «4t*M*^ft i^
(ndwtftal oipflnlc ctWvtiiufa, MO
titfvfUilif orniitlc ttvuiirrt. nat FvJtkt rMftrfak tnd rattno
UmufactufWi InduililM. ntc
MiUd martrin ttfttf ifflMl ignrtat
Mrtjl coiiffcifl Mid tfM ncvlctt
M»Ulomo»fumtur»
Held ctwrphojc, MC
irtiMlhMom Icrixtcfltod vk0 ptoducts
Motor writclt pvts end IOCMSOMO
MotorcydM* blcydM^ And putt «
Nartonritecurtty
NtftoruJ Mctnty
NiHorul Mcurtty
NMkndiacutly
Nrtoiul (Kinlly
N«tbn») security
NalbnaHecurtly
National sacwttr
National security
National security
QUANTITY
1691 T
36SOOOT
3ISOOOOQ
3BSOOOOOOQ
99SIMT
12 1 7640 T
2SOOOOQ
1576800 Q
1117 T
11tT
23761 60 Q
IT
1 82382 T
4O4A23Q
OK
17301 T
78700 T
IQ
657400 Q
747000 Q
2400 Q
750000 Q
13S37T
8144 750 O
365422880 Q
370Q
OO
ZT
20000
OK
1 T
IT
14700000 Q
ia a
IQ
20
20 Q
IT
700000 O
80LD8
nu
at
0
t
t
t
pratam
OK
OK
fnttil
0
N/A
0
0
0
p*««*
pi*"'*
DK
0
OK
DK
S
DK
t
>
ptmnt
2
praMnt
OK
DK
0
prwanl
DK
t
DK
0.08
t
1
0
1
OK
1
|U*«vnl
Ok
6
M
N/A
DK
DK
OK
PTWMI
0
0
0
0
0
1
WATER
nu
w
M
M
08
86
98
100
95
99
99
99
99
97
P""'<
plVkMtN
fNW*Mll
90
90
99
DK
99
40
70
99
70
pnMCftf
98
98
OK
99
99
99
98
40
praMnl
99
98
99
95
99
90
99
praurt
OK
95
2
98
pTMOTI
DK
OK
99
43
75
4
SO
SO
90
ORGANIC
CONTENT nU
OK
0
1
OK
0
0
OK
0.1
0
NIK
HOl |UMvi4
not ptwanl
0.1
praiam
pnianl
OK
N/A
0
0.1
0
OK
praMrt
10
DK
1
8
0
0
pHM*fll
DK
prwwnt
IMplMMI
pmunl
pfMMii
•
OK
0
0
DK
2
1
DK
0
ptMtrt
DK
OK
OK
N/A
OK
DK
DK
pn**nt
0
0
0
0
DK
0
P
7.
;.
Tl
2
2
2
9
4
8
2
n
2
4
2
2
7
2
2
4
2
8
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
8
M
5
8
!S
)
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
DESCRPTPN
WASTE DESCRPT10N
Table C-l (continued)
MOUSTRIAl DESCRfTKM
QUANTITY 8O.D3 WATER ORGANIC PH
fM (%l CONTENT OU
Aqu
, AffffnunMon, »mpl tof wmR ttm, MC
AoMetqueou*
Addfc aqueous
Addle aqueous
Addle aqueous
AcMc aqueous
Addfc aqueous
Addfcaqueous
National i
NKroQMiouai toftarvMn
ffftfOQMOM to Mutt
NonfinoMiDi^ and drawing, nee. Fat
NoutaiQUai vto ctrMrfciQ twid kwufeHnQ
NonMnouv MM OveMwiQ wild BseWHilnQ
NQntlsWeaflD llewMfeef pfOdUCtfcX IMC
Nonwovan fabrfca, Reeaard) and dew**
01 and gas Md aerate**, nee
06 and gas Md eervfcet. nee
(tested r
o
i
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc aqueous wasw
Addfc aqueous waste
Addfc equeouei
Addle aqueous*
Addfc aqueous*
Addfeaqueouii
Addle aqueous*
Addle aqueous
Addfc aqueous
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addle aqueous waste
Addfc
PMralwmraMn
PhcNptuilc hfiff
PUfeiQ ind poNNnQ
PltfliQ MtdpobNnQ
PtalfeiQ viopoHNnQ
Pi^tlJl ^lulMM^ri^Mi
nvnp n poOTrang
PUiiQ vid pohMnQ
Addle aquwwwnt*
d poMkig. Cumrt-onYlng «Mng (tavfcM. EtMrarfc eomradom
Ptaftig Md pohhlng.U«ul auMng nd ilM ttnkm
PMkig mi poM*ig.M«ul ooMkig md rited t**cm.8** •»• and nbM produca
PriMry tuntrtw. dry and t«M
Preductt d punhiMd ghw
Radb and TVcommunkadon •qu^mwl
R«ft> nd TV eommunkarton «tutpmMil.EI
ItOOO
65800000
70B6S200Q
220 T
1S760
292500 2
16934400 2
IT DK
180000 Q DK
72000 O OK
110O DK
1367 T 6
OT 28
188327 O DK
488000 O DK
6000 2
120 10
66O DK
40 O DK
IT N/A
IT N/A
10041T 0
OK N/A
4900O IS
495O OK
750 O S
3500 O 2
150 O S
2250000 O N/A
1123 T 0
43676000 O OK
60
M
DK
DK
DK
00
00
75
Addle ac
lueous waste
Addle aqiMouwstt*
AddfcaqtwouiwmX*
Addfc aqu«au* w«M
Addle aqueous MM*
Addfc aquMUfmtf*
Addfc »qu«ou»waa»
Addfc aqunut was*
Addfc (queoui w«9l
Addfc iquiou* was*
Addfc aqwous wast*
Addfc aqueous wast*
Addfc aqueous wad*
Addfc aqueous waste
Refuse systems
Research and development wbor atorles
Researdi and devetoprnem wboratorle*
HMMrcfi *tnd ofvilcpRHfll Mwr (MoilM
nMMrch MO ovvvlGpfntnl MwwtoriaM
Secondary nonlerrous muss, AJuntnum i
Serrtanduckjn and rehied dsvfcas
Sentanductors and relatsd devfce*
Sernteonduetoni and nlatsd device*
Sentanducton and relatsd devfce*
Semteonductors and related device*
SentanducMi and reteted devfce*
Serrtconductors and relatsd devfcee
Serrsconductors and raUed devfce*
0vtc*M
Seirtanductors and rdateH device*
Stfflfoondudore Md raltt>d dcvtcM
Serraconductors and rebtad devices
Serrtconductors and relatsd devices
Semloonductors and relafsd devices
Semiconductors and related devices
Semiconductors and related devices
Semiconductors and retted devices
B COn*^QVMfttl fleMtPUfVIQ HIOpOifeltlnQ
«. Motor vehfcte parts and •cceenriseWUenll equtmen
fiQ eVto orMinQ. n*K« Nofwwfous roMnf (vnf ONRNVIQ, n
84000T
1133330
177270 T
8T
324T
2310
480 T
37200 Q
450 O
22T
IBS O
44280
158O
17818O
173600 O
726500
44500O
275 O
250 O
33000 Q
153100
ST
44399027O
263SOOT
4T
3444 T
IT
8Q
6837 T
87510000 O
1
OK
DK
0
11
18
1
N/A
IS
1
OK
37
DK
1
0
0
0
0
0
14
present
0
00
00
DK
DK
60
60
00
07
00
OK
as
07
00
00
00
M
00
60
03
DK
00
07
N/A
00
40
OS
60
65
90
09
90
70
10
76
60
70
09
73
09
1 00
0 SO
3 04
0 60
0 20
1 69
OK OK
N/A 2
0 2
DK 2
1 2
N/A 2
present 2
DK 2
OK 2
DK 7
OK 7
N/A 2
0 2
DK 2
DK S
DK 12
N/A 2
0 2
DK 6
OK 2
0 2
30 2
DK 2
N/A 2
N/A 2
DK 2
0 2
0 2
0 2
DK 2
DK 2
DK 7
OK 2
DK 2
N/A 2
OK 2
0 2
N/A 4
N/A 2
DK 2
N/A 4
DK 2
OK 2
DK 3
35 4
OK 2
1 2
0 2
0 2
0 2
present 2
0 2
0 2
N/A 2
0 2
present 2
t 3
DK 3
0 4
OK 4
OK 4
present 6
t 6.9
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
i
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCfflPTON
DESCRIPTION
Addfc aquniMMl*
Addfc aqueou* MM*
Addfc aqueou* «MM
Addfc aqueoue vtjki
Addfc aqueous MM**
Addfc anuaoui ••>•
Addfc aqueous MM*
Addfc aqueous MM*
Addfc aqueoui MM
Addfc aqueous MM*
AquSOUBMBleWlh toe) OtfMf tOllB OfBantoe,
Aqueoue vast) vMi tow otfMftoilQo^infca
AqvtffvtkmrgtntoliiuMi AqiiaBuaiMtlawMilBw mtimtt
Aqueous Basis rtti low sntiisnli
Aqueous VMM w»i to* eatvems
CwMtcAquMUtwail*
"•
C*MltB AflUtOM WWM
Ccwtk AquMMit vntt
r*iwffe AMMMMM VMM
CnMde Aquwut watt*
Ccwflc AQUWXM vntt
Cwttfc Aquaout MM*
Csustfc Aqwous ursst*
Caustic Aqueous wast*
Caustic Aqueous wast*
Caustic Aqueous wast*
MJUSTRUL OCSCRPTKM
H..ITIB; • • • — •—---« <4>MA^^
••j|n4lubM
olMl MPt Mid raCaMd pfOdttdLV
8ta>g.ib..HrtM
8ur^M,.|y.Uii.j.»«i.J,My|iM
oynQMOD fUDDtf
T0ki|)tiun9 flnd totogi^rti flppMtfM, SHiAjuidUJuit flvl ivMtd tfwluM,RMflu Hid TV ooranunlu
WaMtwn^
Ettdricd •qu^KHMi end w*pplM^ nto
QptcW Mrahowlnf cntf HoraQ^ fl«w
EtKtrUequt>ms<«andMB*(.MO
OwMral ctMiiiiUl ranutetfurti|
j\J«l !•!!• rf f tiaWI* iiiil MM1
AortButWal ctMditaiiiV MB. Oi^Mlc pMdddt praducM
Aircraft vdnM MMJ •raftit pvtt
AhifT*^»fi f^t^ p^t »yy< M aUaf*^^ frf.V.| fp^ ifrjf*^. "^
(VH| fivntTM mt itMl n4b
nUfli hMniViM iifid atBid itdiii
CMtumt towtlry
OK
m'
OK
OK
Eloctric servteM
Etoctrlc seivlcea
Etadifc sanfce*
Electric senfces
Etedifc uorvfcos
Etoclilc servfcet
Eteaifc utvtos
OUANTITV
4M A
17SOO
3«as2oa
nooooQ
SOOQ
to
800000DQ
2SOOOO
70000Q
HiT
iittsooa
1JOOT
17000 Q
17000 Q
170000
nzonr
400BOOOQ
330Q
217000 O
220 O
teeia
•IT
3T
435 T
21 T
100O
169 Q
1824 Q
19fl
m A
46000 T
• T
2000
too a
• A
I 0795 T
35997 T
W2715Q
9082T
1641 T
1591 T
23852 T
sates
cm
» «
at
19
t
IS
10
ts
PCMM
0
|
|
2
o
fur
|W
|
praMrt
rw
pfVCflfM
0
OK
1
DK
WATER
nu
BO
M
100
60
60
«
•MMalMMtf
praOTni
08
DK
t7
W
OK
DK
DK
06
§7
01
88
85
00
prat**
91
0
90
90
99
60
8
09
M
99
99
99
ORGANIC
CONTENT 1%
Q
0
DK
0
0
DK
DK
0
pram*
DK
WA
DK
0
DK
OK
OK
0
1
0
2
$
DK
prM«n
DK
N/A
t
Q
DK
0
DK
DK
N/A
N/A
0
DK
PH
|
»
2
12
12
8
3
4
H
12
12
f
12
2
11
7.2S
7.29
7.25
7.S
7.S
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
i
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
Caustic Aflwtout wast*
Cauatfc Aquaoua watt*
VJ™^
CaustfcAqutffliiffast*
Caustic Aquaous wast*
Caustic Aouaous wast*
Caustic Aquaous wasta
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustk Aqueous wast*
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqusous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Elects eervtee
ri .< ..!»
Electronic eomjuOng equ^ment
Electronic compuOng equipment
Fabricated metal products, nee
Fafaftcatad matat products, nac
FMd instani and countftiQ davloaa
GanaraJ cftatrfcaf manufacturtno
^^^•t^mtf^me^titai^f^a^cM^in^^ro^ue^mc
Industrial controB)
industrial ofQante chafnteattx nac
•nOUBtnai otQante cfMnatoatss, nac
hJutlrtal onufllc Uiaiiatsls. nac
lubricating oas and greases
Machine tools, metal cutting t>pee,Spedal dh*. tooej jigs, end nnure.MacMne tod arteesuilis
Matal ooatfeiQ and afflad sacvtcaa
Metal eotthg and affled eervlcee
Metal coathg and aflled service*
Metal coafog and affled servfcee
Metal eoathg and affled service*. CoaHng. engraving, and ailed service*
Metal eoathg and allied service*. CosHng. engraving, and Hied eervfcee
MaUs ooatsiiQ and afHad satYtoaa, CoatkiQ, anQt avtnQ* and aflad •awlcaa
Metal cfflce (umlur*. Metal partMon* and Ihture*. Fumtute and IMur**,n*e
Metal stamptig*. nee. Shed metal work. Metal barrels, drum*, and pal*
Metal worUng machln*ry nee
Metal wafcaia nacltlnenr nse
iriscenatwou* tabriealed w>e products
Hatoaaanaoua mats! went
iir»tn» iiaMrlsi •**w4)n • *Mw^k**SM»at^A
MOior vwnav pana Biio •ocMBonaa
Motor vehicle* and car bodies
Motor* and generators
Motor* and generators. Motor v*Md* parts and aocosaorle*
National eacuty
National securtv
National «curir/
National eecurkr
National eecurlh;
National **curitr
Organic peOWde products
Organic pesticide products
PetroteumrefWng
PeuokwmrelMng
Petroleum rsflhlng
Photographic equ^nwit and luppne*
Plastics materials and resins. Adhesive* and sealants
Plalhgandpohhlng
Plating and polshlng
QUANTITY
890
1000000 O
48O
2180000
05038 Q
1ST
270000Q
DK
400 Q
140 O
32T
88395 T
16090
IT
18 T
IT
210000 O
880000O
188000O
0
2328T
4350000 Q
4T
8T
4T
28090
150000
55 O
338700 Q
202100 O
848782 T
OK
7150 O
8800
813 O
550 O
0
250 O
300 Q
6508 T
20000 Q
DK
23200 O
30 Q
2T
7T
0
IT
IT
2T
415214 O
28400
IT
1200000
100000 O
173T
33 T
10000 Q
teioa
40 T
4T
4908 Q
SOLOS
1
1
0
2
8
10
1
DK
6
present
11
2
DK
8
0
0
0
0
DK
preeenl
1
present
present
OK
1
1
1
present
31
DK
OK
DK
present
0
1
DK
DK
8
N/A
DK
OK
10
0
DK
0
0
0
8
1
19
DK
0.8
0
0
9
0
30
3
14
WATER ORGANIC PH
(%l CONTENT 1X1
88 OK 10
88 1 12
80 0 12
88 0 12
80 DK 8
80 N/A 12
88 0 7
DK OK 12
80 N/A 12
60 DK 11
88 N/A 12
88 0.1 12
88 N/A It
29 DK 3
89 DK 12
80 0 7
88 0 10
88 0 10
88 0 11
79 N/A 12
praeent 0 12.5
88 1 10
present present 2
preeenl present 2
present praeent 2
88 DK 11
88 DK 12
87 DK 12
88 0 8
88 0 8
88 DK 8
OK DK 12
88 DK 10
78 DK It
80 DK 11
praeent present 12
88 1 12
88 N/A 2
DK DK 2
80 OK 12
80 DK 8
30 DK 12
DK OK 12
DK DK 12
80 N/A 12
80 MM 11
DK OK 12
78 DK 12
79 DK 12
80 N/A 12
89 1 12
88 0 12.8
79 N/A 2.2
85 DK 12
80 N/A 12
88 0 12
08 NIK 12
95 DK 12
80 N/A 12
70 30 10
95 0 12
84 7 12
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRFTKM
OESCfflPTKM
" _
evade Aojum* MM
CautifcAqiMouimto
«une A^MOUS IMM
.,_ nuimnrw ^
Qh«r aqunus MM vlh tov dhMlvad Midi
Other aquMUB M«» wlh IM dhnlMd Midi
nttaW MkBtfMBBl *»••*• ••Ml bwrflwAf«1 Mfefcta
Otw aqutOM ««M ««i kw dhMMd MMi
Ohar aqueoua MM «Hi km dbaofcad MUi
Ohar aqueoua MM* ««i tar dhuMd nUi
nt^ MV^mM ^^M Mitt bW l^lfrMl VAIl
Oner aqueoua waatt wth tow dtaakwd Mid*
OdM> aqueoua tMM •» tar Oaaokrod MM
Odwr aqueoua vaatt *th km dhaokrod nMt
COm aqueoua MM wHi too dbaokred aat*
rMiM MW^MH •^ria «Mi kM ilbHfAfttl ttAta
Ohv aquMut MM «Hi ton dhnMd MUi
Aquaout Irmflfif* *f Wt acnAtMtnMi
SouUMtmMr
SerabtwrmMr
3oubtwr«««
Aflutout horgink IquMi Wnlttnttr nr M^UMUS irtrtun
WdtVMMf V C^IMOUB (raXtUf A
WoMmMr or nftturn irtdut*
W*s>*WOU« rnhtw*
Wastawatar or aqueous rrtrtuia
Waslawatar or aquaoua mhluro
Wastawalar or aquaoua rriituia
MMSTRUL OESCKPTION
Pitl^l btfjiigg fr* ml Ml
ftap*Mr*M.Me
DA^A*^v4k ainrt a^M^kkMMa^Mkai la* r af-J
nMBiwcn TO ovmofimvni •xwinN
n_ .1..-- L-i.-^ifj^'ir'/i.^.fcM
Bttrtfrnitfiftifffi art rel^tij d»rtJM
Stite buMfcM MK! laj^it aj
2T,Z .M»^ihaiiJUjlLa.TuSj PtuULJJX Lil--ii.-L-i
i^^™ T-UT ' ^""^rV- ... rf • . ...— . __,* --.— -. .t-i—
Vrivw Mid pt» IMngi
OK
CfdC OIldM Mid iMtMITWjtatM
OK
F Aricaltd raul praduota. MO
r Artutad nbtw proouoM, MO
Ouhtod irtulM »wd ^MM wNolMc Mcra^ Atoonl •oju^Mrani, MO
NtrogmuilWlKiMB
NtroMnout IxflRiMt
NtropjvnouB tatllMfV
Ptadng «id poW*i0. Atotf •qu^ovnl
8wtoM( noo
FaMcalad natal produda. nac. UteaAmaoua matal wark
ktdustfM OfQirac ctkwnaiv, MC
Manu)aaurtngMuatilaa,rw)
Coattag. angravhig. and aAad aanloM
DK
Induttrtal haganfc ohorrteak. not
Industrial organic charntcaCa, MC
InduatrialorQanlccfMrrricaJs, MC
Muctria) orpanle ctiamtcala. nac
Marhaeaigo handing
Malati aarvk» canlara and offloaa
Ntroganoualarlllzara
Nontanoua rofllng and drawing, nac. Mala) alanplnga. nac, FMxkadad mala) produda. nac
Nonlerrous wlra dtawtig and hsutaibig
Ordlnanca and accessories, nac
Paints and anted products
Pharmaceutical prepa/albns
OUANTITV
2SOOO
03700
201 T
318 Q
224100
11004 0
1600Q
2760 Q
20 T
600Q
1690 Q
11 6000 Q
1 044400 O
34 T
54 773 T
K3BQ
BBtttT
143 T
167428 T
9661248 Q
40206720
sssoooa
221 T
369 O
32675 T
712SOO
2460 T
14000000 O
122 T
11SOO
110Q
1600
6824110
•40 T
75737 O
17826 T
1681567
100000 Q
6000 Q
SO
44660 T
40 76000 Q
2069S41O
17630000
MUDS
nu
prwam
2
20
•
16
t
o
OK
Q
10
maanl
s
1
OK
DK
08
o
1
s
Q
DK
40
MTA
1
t
1
at
OK
10
08
20
7
1
DK
NfA
0
to
to
pment
prasam
praaart
17
2
2
1
praaart
0
1
DK
6
WATER
nu
87
go
>»•»••
78
88
70
go
88
80
60
mmmmt
nt
gS
gg
OK
gj
1
00
80
OS
88
89
60
88
88
88
88
88
80
80
88
70
83
too
DK
NIK
65
60
86
80
88
88
88
68
86
88
89
OK
89
89
89
85
ORGANIC
CONTENT m
DK
DK
N/A
DK
I
Dfaaart
DK
o
DK
DK
2
DK
DK
DK
10
o
1
1
OK
N/A
0
DK
DK
DK
N/A
DK
N/A
N/A
0
DK
DK
NM
0
0
0.6
0.4
0
praaart
praaart
4
0.1
DK
t
OK
OK
N/A
N/A
DK
OK
PH
10
If
10
12
12
12
gg
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
2
2
7
2
6
8
7
7.4
6
6
2
8
2
6
6
7
1
2
4
4.3
4
7
7
7
12
10
12
7
7
2
2
3
12
4
-------
Table C-1 (continued)
o
i
00
PHYSICAL WASTE
DCSCRFTrON
AMMMBU |MWUI*» BMrVfa
fUNMllNMd)
lUHiNwva w«
nOfpanlc VOjUida
WASTE DESCRIPTION
WaatawNr or aquaoua rrtrtura
Waatawaiar w aojuaoua rnhtura
WaataMote or aojuaoua fftauro
Waatawatar Of aOJUaOUa fntXtUTO
Waatawataf of aojuaoua nixtufaj
Mt^^M«^^ JM oMHtfVM nJutlil.1
Waatawaiar or aquaoua mhdura
WaatawataroraQjuaouarrfalur*
WotMoMr or aouMus rrteur*
Waatawatar Of aojuaoua frJxtura
Waatawafaf of ajQjuaoua mhtufo
Waatawatar or aquaoua rrfcturo
Waata«i«ar or aquaoua rrfcturo
Waatawafar or aojuaoua mbttura
Sol oonurrfeutod vMi InofpnlQi on|f
Sol unterimM ««h oigmka
Cauttfc tofutfwi wtt* maiala and CM 01 MM
Caustic aotudon wtfi rmUfe but no cyanMM
Ccu*ttctorutton«0im*Udibunoey»tldM
Ctuftic 0011111011 wlti rnftafi but no cy wiMM
Ctwdc oolurJon wtti mtute but no ^anhtoo
Cwdfc nludon *ih RMali but no qranUM
OuHfc Hludan nlh mull but no qrnldM
Cantk «M)an ««i mgteb but no qwiUM
Ccuidc oofutJon wtfi rnotilt but no cyinMM
Cwsfc nMton wtt mettJt but no cywtldM
C«usde nfudon wth meUJt but no cyanUN
Cmntlc oofuDon wth mrtttt bul no cyanldeo
Causlfc Kludon wlh mMab but no cymUM
Caustic aorutlon wtti mabris bul no cyanhtoa
Caustic solution wlh maiato but no cyanldat
Caustfc aorutlon wMt mefab but no cyanldaa
Caustic aotutlon wfth metals but no cyanldaa
Caustic solution wlh metafs but no cyanktaa
MDUSTRIAL OCSCRPTCN
Ptaadca matarWi and raalna
PlattiQ and poAaMrtQ
PtaitiQ and pofahaig
PlafliQ andpolaMnaj
PlattiQ and polaMnQ
PraaMdandbb«mplBBa.riac;ElacrrtelBrTf»
Sarntoondueiom and ratatad davtoaa
Sanaoonducloni and ratatad davhsaa
Sarntaondueloni and rahtod davtoaa
ftfffapf actVa apjania,lnduar/W onjanlB cfiamteali, nac
SwddiOMf «nd UcMxwd *pMu§
TaniB) and tank oofT^onanta
Valvaa and p^io A0n0a
ManufactufhiQ Induatrlaa, nao
SyntfMlfciubbir
FUjjj ju Ji murauJt ia jjiiifcuiurt
Ahcrafl
Akcraft
rinwri mutm •ttvi ifaMt-M r^timti^^ kWMnAlku F^lnwik: nwrwuuiAitfm u*
Cudwy
Cycfc Cfudaa and hHaiffiaJlataa,lnduarrtal onjante chamlcala« nac
OK
Etotfilcrf •qu^mnl flndsuppAM. MC
Etoctron tubMk IrwnMnQ
Etocbonfc eomponaiMc me
Etodronlc eonpoo«ntt. me
ElKtronb conpemnH, me
Ehdnxric conpomnli, me
Ehdronfc compomnn, me
Etedronfc components, me
Etedronfc cmiponenn. me
Etedionfc components, me
OUAMTTTY
2SS4MT
f 56034000
190068980
1440000 O
12148400
4800000 Q
64000000 Q
143500 T
TOO
550 ttQ
17400000 Q
123 T
250 Q
IT
259 T
7066 Q
47 T
36 T
48 O
ITiT
4T
I300Q
•1200 Q
44440
96200 T
38780000
1I393O
700 O
3636 O
86878 O
OK
ZSSOOO
559 T
121 T
168850
20975 Q
36000 Q
4T
31 T
soice
Kl
8
8
0
0
t
1
ofaaafi
praaanl
i
OK
OK
10
0
4
OK
98
M
OS
OS
•
34
5.4
e
OK
08
0
10
OK
1
2
1
praunt
2
praMm
17
0
OK
20
20
Dm**
N/A
DK
SO
1 WATER
(%1 1
OS
OS
00
00
00
00
90
praaont
pnMonl
00
00
00
00
00
08
OS
2
N/A
2
1
8
04
OK
00
07
OK
OK
OK
4
00
2
80
80
prtMnt
OS
07
00
00
70
prawn
OK
80
DK
80
70
00
presort
60
GO.
OROANC
CONTENT («
OK
DK
OK
OK
N/A
N/A
praui4
0
pnMrt
DK
1
DK
DK
to
0
DK
DK
DK
DK
NVA
DK
N/A
0
0
t
1
DK
6
0
N/A
DK
OK
DK
NfA
OK
pmsart
0
0
DK
1
N/A
0
DK
DK
DK
DK
OK
DK
DK
0
0
DK
DK
1
PH
4
O.S
8
8
8.S
B.S
2
12
8
0
2
2
7
7
2
2
11
11
0
0
2
2
2
4
8
2
10
12
10
12
11
12
12
10
2
12
0
8
0
11
10
11
12
0
12
2
88
.0
-------
Table C-l (continued)
n
I
PHYSCAl WASTE WASTE DE3CRPTON
CsuMfe nlutton wth iivttli but nooyanttaa
Cauatfc aoMton win mMh but no cyanldea
CauaBc aoajrton wth rnatabbul nocyanloaa
Cauatfc aolurton wth mat* but no qranhtat
f^mmfo B«*aflM laTattl rfBafiaBBl tltit lafl fila«ta«ta«M
f^BBtaBTJaT* BW*dJtlW — **• MaBBtaBBBl Nat f«l fMfctiiiaM
Cauatte aoJuklon wth matate but no cyankJaa
Camtlr tofutfoH wth RwtatobuJ nocyanhJaa
Cauatlc aoMfan wth fnatab but no cpankJaa
Cauade aoMton win mMh but no cyanUea
Caualfc eoMbn wMi mMh but no cyankh*
Cauatt aoMton win mMh but no cyanUa*
Cauetfc aoMton wth mMh but no cyanUe*
Cauatk aoMon wlh mMh but no cyanMaa
Cauafle aoMton nth mMh but no cyanMaa
Cauatfc aoMton wlh mMh but no cyanUae
CauetfceoMbn wth imlah bul no cyanUaa
Caimlr aolutlon wth malah but nocyankhe
Cauatte aoMton wth malah bul no cyanldaa
Cauatk aoMton «4h mMh but no cyanMae
Cauatfc eoMtonwHimetah but no eyenMea
Cauatfc aoMon Mil matah bul no cyanldaa
Cauaflc aoludon wHi malah but no cyanldea
Cauctfc aoMton wlh mMh but no cyanldaa
Caudle aohidon vHi malah but no cyanUae
Cauatlc aotudon wth matah but no cyanldaa
Cauatfc aotuflon nth mMh but no cyanldaa
Camtir aowtjon wlh HMMM bul no cyanUaa
Cauetfc aoMbnwMi mMh bul no cyanldea
Cauatfc eoMton win matah but no cyanldaa
Cauatfc aoMton wMi mMh but no cyanldaa
Cauttfc aokidon win matah but no cyanUaa
Cauatfc aotutkn wlh matah bul no cyanUaa
Cauatfc aoMton «Mi matah but no cyanldaa
Cauatfc eokiOon ««i matah bul no cyanldaa
Cauatfc aoMton wlh matah but no cyanUae
Cauatfc aotmton wth matah bul no cyanUaa
Caualfc aoMton nth mMh but no cyanldaa
Ctutffc toMton wth m*+ but no cyvridM
Ctmnp KHuoon vwi fmttaWDUl ttocftftot^
Caualfc aoMton wHi malah but no cyanUaa
Cauatfc aoMton wlh mMh bul no cyanUaa
Cguilte nSwilun fiwi IMMM bwi RS CySn!dS8
Caualfc aoMton wlh matah bul no cyanUaa
Caualfc aoMton wlh mMh but no cyanUaa
Caualfc aoMton wlh mMh bul no cyanUae
Cauttfc aoMton wlh mMh but no cyanUaa
Caualfc aoMton wtti malah but no cyanUaa
Caualfc aoMton wth mauh bul no cyanldaa
Cauttfc aoMton wth matah but no cyanldaa
Cmttte toMVun wth nvudi bul no ^inhtM
C«usllc.»hrtkxiwlhrTwUltbolnoerinW«
Caustic totutlon wth rratott but no cyankfM
Cnisilc aoluilon wth mtfate bul no cyvtldM
Caustic (ohrtton wth mrtatt but no cyanUM
tOUSTHUH DeSCTaPTON
EHckonlD oofT^onvnfefV IMC
EKKDonB conpononm. n*o
rurtnviki nvnuviMatm ftMi
•MIWW wMiifMw v Kf^MTWfl
Ehdrenfc oompuong ae^apmanl
Fabrtcatad mMI preducto. me
MuakWeupptaa
Hanutadurtng Muatriae. me
Metal caattng and afflad aanfcaa
UMI haat tmanng. Steal «*• and rataM pioduch
MiWiAHWous nutal worti
Mkvrtanaoua mMI wonX MM) coaflng and alhd aantoaa. Atcndl
MOlOf WnJCaW partat iVIO ttoOMBOflM
Hoiofiiano QononVoiii
PlalbiQ tvidpoWifciQ
putiTiQ and polvHnfl]
PtatfetQ andpoWklndj
PtadngandDobMng
PtalwiQ ano pouliiiiQ
PlauiQ ano ponhJnp
PlaUriQ andpolshlnQ
PlaiinQ ano pout ill IQ
Ptahnj and pohNng.MMI houaanoaj Mntun. MMI offloo lumtur*
Shto butdlng and rapaMng
Spood changofV, onvwix and Qaanx Abcrafl ao/jtpnianl
Staalptioandlubaa
Staalpi>aandlubaa
Tafita) and lank concionanta
Tatopnona communication
TuMnn and tuibkw ganarator aala
QUANTITY
408 T
853 T
4ST
3868 O
1800 O
7»T
4900
900
5000 O
4943O
488 O
2310 O
10850 O
80100
SOT
4845 O
13240000
268SO
48500
218 T
11 T
2S4O
3BSOO
3T
13 T
S3T
85 O
631 0
IT
•0750
1ST
64500 O
OK
40000
220O
2250 O
247$ 0
62500
10000 O
8000 O
•400
6190 O
213600 O
408000
S9T
12500
12 T
4COQ
2200
IT
4T
352000
15294 O
163 T
37MO
IT
4300 O
440 O
2T
12400 O
80.08
nu
60
i
OK
OK
praaant
OK
OK
N/A
K>A
praaam
piwenl
13
17
0
44
90
25
OK
16
2
ptVMfit
praeart
S
OK
pieaant
OK
OK
0
0
ptvaant
OK
OK
20
10
praaanl
N/A
0
OK
OK
OK
OK
1
6
OK
IS
OK
OK
4
S
IS
80
OK
OK
12
IS
IS
40
to
S
OK
WATER ORGANIC PH
nu CONTENT nu
60
pfwaani
OK
so
70
OK
praeart
80
65
89
80
97
80
90
40
66
80
40
98
praaam
praeant
as
99
praaant
70
OK
0
0
P"*"*
99
OK
80
90
80
N/A
92
OK
90
85
66
99
95
OK
85
OK
63
S3
90
80
35
OK
90
88
OK
85
60
79
OS
OK
1
N/A
OK
OK
pfMatnl
OK
OK
N/A
N/A
N/A
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1
N/A
N/A
0
pnaart
praaanl
0
OK
NIK
OK
OK
0
OK
NIK
OK
OK
N/A
N/A
N/A
NIK
OK
OK
praaanl
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
OK
OK
OK
0
0
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
0
0
OK
OK
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
10
to
12
12
7
10
12
8
12
2
6
10
12.5
2
12
S
12
8.6
10
12
It
8
to
to
10
to
II
12
12
12
2
12
12
12
12
to
It
10
12
10
9
9.8
10
10
12
12
9
10
12
8.2
-------
Table C-1 (continued)
o
i
PHYSIC*. WASTE
OESCRPTION
Inorganic M*
horoanfctqulds
horgantelquU*
WASTE OESCRPTON
Orher aqueou* rat* «th Mgh dk*oV*d MM*
Oh« aquMW net* «tti high Oh*oV*d *oM*
Olh*f aqutoui MM «Hi Mgh dtadrad loMt
Ohv •quHw MM* «Vi Ngh dlnolMd HMi
QtMf AQUMut WMW *tfi M0h dbcotod toUtM
COM? MJUMUR VMM trth Nph dtooiVcdwMs
Qntf MpMous wit vlli M^i dlttotod colldB
GOUT horganfc tyjU
QtMt hot* Qflnlc fejuld
QtMf fcwQinlc Iquld
OrtMF (nor Qtnlc aityuld
Other horganfc t^uld
Other horganfc 6**
OhwhargMfclquU
OttMf hofQetftlc ftjuU
Ottwf hor Qflnfc Kjuld
Other horganfc lquM
Oner horganfc ljufcj
Other horganfc ijuU
Other horganfclquid
OriMf ftKXQWilC l^uld
Qhw hofQvdc fe|uU
OhKhorpanfcfejuU
OtMrtorganlckjuU
Ohw horgmk fejuM
tXmtoxgv**fM
OhMtwrganlckiuH
OrtmhotjmfctjuM
OlfMf hofQcnlc ft|u)d
OlwrhotganlctiiiU
OUMrhorginlclquM
Qihtf IKX Qftnlc ft|uU
atMrhorganfclquU
Oh«hor8«i*lkjuM
QtMf hoc Qflnfc dudpc
OlMrhorganlciludp*
OHMC horganfc itidp*
OOnf horganlc dudg*
Ortur horginfc iludg*
OrtMC horganfc tludg*
Othw kwrganle iludg*
Olhw horganlc iludg*
OrMr horgaidc tludg*
OUxr horgirdc itidg*
OBnr horganfc riudg*
Oltief hofjanfc iludg*
Clhw horganlc sludg*
Qh*r hot j«nfc itudgt
Qh«f ho»ganfc tludg*
Other horganfc iludg*
Qhw horganlc Iludg*
Qhw horganlc ikidg*
MOUSTRML OESCHPTION
Ch«rteriprafiMlki«,nM
Cydo cnidM end MMfMdlctfM
OK
EtooMeri *qu|pmM and MppRn. me
O*n«r«l OmittM maiUtcturhq
•UKMillll ffMf0*VHC flnOOVQiVHC CfMflROMBi IMCC NBfOQBOOUB fMuRMff
U^*d •— - i\irn«ri«« ^cwl ^hA^ nJIfe
HUM lUrTwDH •<« ••• im
OK
EngtoMring and MhnHle tatninwM
FabrtcaMd unjetural rralri
hduttW organic crwnt*. KM
MhaftraownMriiiiark
Motor MMdH and cv bodto*
Orabuncv flnd flOovcvonM^ fwc
P»m and radnnbl p«K*, Phtlng end polshhg
Poww drtwn hflndlook
RMMfth ind dw*(opnnrt hkbof itorlM
SwvtoM. MC. Chtrrtcab «id aAwf products
wtf^Mvpir
Abort
Alretift cnQhtM ind •nplnv pirts
AvcfBl wju^nwrt, IMC
Bbnt hini*KM *w*d MM! nAb
Fribftotftd roul praductt. IMC
hduttrW horganfc dMirtcak. me
PctrohumraMng
Ptalhg and pobftJng
Sanftan; onlM. n*e
Santan/ nrvlcas, MC
Spac* research and technology
Sled pba and tube*
QUANTITY
•MOT
Mmsaoa
SM2T
9S2T
22B23Q
no
2SOOpOQ
DK
80 T
80000Q
41* T
180000 Q
23T
«O
DK
120 O
»T
24 T
SOT
•48329 Q
7014 T
100
120 Q
2645 Q
MO
38966SMQ
9720 O
46T
4760000 Q
4775000 Q
0900Q
440 Q
1M87MT
ssa
(2SOOOQ
5314000
6400 Q
58300 O
2550000 O
880 T
IT
2780
744 Q
5800 Q
1500
720
5000 Q
1540 O
41 T
1180
0
•7T
12 T
171 T
664T
9T
ssa
IT
9O
216 Q
8OUDS
nt
IT
praMrt
10
It
6
1
90
pnMM
1
pKBMrt
»
1
DK
2
pfMiM*f
DK
DK
0
2
20
2
DK
1
DK
N/A
DK
IS
2
0
prawnl
S
DK
0
DK
praeem
0
3
pnurt
DK
1
DK
98
DK
SO
CO
DK
96
60
32
NIX
98
80
99
20
82
28
92
99
70
44
WATER
no
78
90
88
84
99
00
80
pmMM
99
PTMOTI
60
99
99
DK
PMC*
78
DK
•1
98
60
98
DK
10
DK
NTA
DK
prMent
98
99
99
90
DK
0
DK
99
97
DK
67
99
99
DK
DK
DK
SO
60
DK
DK
DK
60
60
2
DK
0
80
48
75
8
1
0
N/A
ORGANIC
CONTENT l«l
r*A
NIK
pr«*«i«
0
0
1
6
DK
1
praMrt
6
prwert
1
DK
OK
NIX
DK
N/X
DK
NIX
OK
DK
NIX
OK
OK
DK
OK
OK
0
N/A
DK
N/A
DK
DK
0
9
N/A
0
DK
DK
N/A
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
0.009
DK
OK
N/A
prase*
present
N/A
DK
N/A
N/A
DK
N/A
PH
12
12
2
9
9
12
9
to
12
9
11
7
9
2
12
7.8
3
4
2
7
2
2
12
12
2
7
3
12
2
3
8.8
2
7
2
2
12
8
12.9
7
3
10
7
2
4
4
12
12
2
2
2
12
4
3
2
12
3
2
11
2
2
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
DESCHffTION
WASTE DESCWPTON
Table C-l (continued)
MOU3TRIAL DESCRPTKM
OUANTTTV SOLOS WATER ORGANIC
fM (%1 CONTENT (O
kngantelquUitoonttMd) Ctnar toraanfc eUJQe
OuMf nOfftValB MUQpe)
k»oMlel«uUi
Steal ptMind tuba*
TflfMB tfn IHW oon^onwAt
Aircraft
Akcnft
Aircraft
Akcnft
Akcraft
Akcnft angtnaa and angkw par*
Akenft engine* end angaia parla
Aircraft angkiM and •ngh* ptcli
Akcnft engine* and anjhe parta
Aircraft engine* and angtaepena
ktURifoMnQ twd draMnQ, MC, MuRfnuni Mfrudowf products
Atenhum roOky and drMtog. nee, AtumJnum attudad product!
WlaTTaUnRbn, MtOtpl I0f WIIM tVllaat, MC
AmmunUon. acapt tor amal anrn. MeJIaW aumhga. nac. Haul ooaftvandaledeenfcae
AriomoOMaianvlnga
Bbat tumacaa and mel irtk
BoohpfMkiQ
CherriM preparation*, nac. Hata) eoaDng and afled i
Coethg. angravkv. and aflad eervfcaa
ColeMaandur^endtea.nec.HedketUbonMrtaa
CoiiiiieitM t»My. oravura
CoivtnjcDon fnMMnwy
MM
Coatuma(ewe*T
Currart-twtyho •*•« davtoaa
Curr»nn»rr*ig wHig devfcaa.Eto
C|de crudaa and HanM«aM.MualrM ergaMc dM
DK
OK
DK
DK
ElKtric MivtoM
EtKtffc MWfcM
ElactrbaarvkM
Elacttfca«vfcaa
Eletfrlcaarvfcaa
Eladrlcaaivlna
Electric carvtcaa
ElMlfOfTMtllUtplCaM pfOOUCtt
ElMtraHc
Electronic eonpoMnta, nee
Etoctronk; oomponenta. nee
Electronic eornpoMnti. MB
Eleetionlc componenta, MC
ElecUonfc componanta. me
Electronic consonant*, nee
Elaetionfc component*, nee
Electronic componenta. nee
Electronic component*. Me
Efediordc componanta, nee
Electronic oornponenta. nee
EvMtronic wii^fOfwnt«v n0c
Etoctf onfc UMifWifiontiV nws
Etodronlc conpon6nts, MC
Elsdfonlc conpononts, MC
Etedionte cofnponenlt, MC
MnQ.ElKtref4c ootrpoMntt, MC
4*00 Q
MT
84T
• T
3320
10 T
47 f
no
•072 T
21(0
1104
20M80
8308 O
MQ
MT
TT
TIT
206800 T
• T
UHT
278000
ttOQ
12760 O
3600 Q
9MO
580 T
2400 Q
SSO
185 O
6SO
71900 Q
27489 T
326584 Q
0
DK
41 T
S14100O
400000 a
2000000
18751 T
1Q727S8Q
1000000 Q
0
41000O
55 Q
1500
8T
53*0 O
39 T
487080
80
8430
80 O
257 O
800
621 Q
3430
194 O
MO
62000
18392 O
to
SO
DK
OK
DK
84
84
84
88
70
OK
OK
OK
DK
DK
DK
1 DK
2 DK
DK DK
8 80
8 80
OK DK
OK 88
DK 00
OK SO
1 00
80 16
8 OS
28 72
DK OK
DK 00
DK 00
OK OK
2 08
2 08
10 30
28 40
1 DK
10 88
1 09
20 70
DK present
OK DK
99
1
1
1
DK
DK
1
DK
DK
DK
DK
0
8
8
0
OK
0
WA
H/K
N/K
NIK
IVA
P*A
1
10
1
1
00
09
00
09
DK
09
DK
DK
DK
OK
78
03
OK
00
DK
78
75
OS
00
00
90
80
08
00
08
0
DK
NTA
NrA
NIK
NIK
NIK
NIK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
OK
OK
1
praaant
0
NTA
DK
OK
DK
OK
1
DK
OK
DK
OK
0
1
praaant
0
OK
0
NIK
NIK
NIK
OK
DK
0
NIK
OK
OK
0
0
1
DK
praaant
OK
praaart
praaant
f*A
NIK
NIK
DK
t«A
OK
NIK
O.S
10
12
2
2
2
12
12
12
2
2
2
4
4
12
2
2
2
4
2
12
8
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
8
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2.0
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
I
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DE8CRPTKX
DESCRPTDN
buinunk- An Afa favrilra^dl ft^rt vftt Mfth n^^
Spent add •Mimetab
Opart add »kh matah
ffnartankiiiMi matah
8nIrtM*i«MinM«h
Spent add a«i matah
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent add «Mt matah
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti males
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Soevii add wtti melas
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spent edd wtti metes
Spam add «iMiimiah
Spart add MM) matah
Spart add wMi matah
Spart add wfthmelah
Spent add wM) matah
Spent add wkh mMah
Spart add wfth malih
Spart add wth matah
Spart add wffli matah
Spart add wfth matah
Spart add wfth matah
Spirt add wfth matah
Spart add wfth matah
Spent add wfth malah
Spam add wMi mxah
Spent add with metah
Spent add with rnelah
Span! add with nmali
1 MOUSTRIALOESCRProN
Electronte oomponentkx nee
Esctranto oompuOng eQu^wnent
Bad^OD^aoK!
Estfranlo oompu0ng equipment
retartceted metal product!, neo
F*^*n*4p<#^n9*n+**idi>al*in9
F efanceied etructuiel metal
Fenn mecftVaaWy end equipment
Mend end edge toe*, nee. Mend em end tniUrtm.!***************
Meawring and eortreOJng derioaa. me
Uetal coaftig end eJHtd ewvtoee
Matat eoatkig and aRad Mivfcaa
Hatat eoatkig and aMad anvtoai
Halal eoadng and alhtf aarafca*
RaVoeRtneoue fabricated w/e praducte
UhoabmauanMatwDik
Hlsoellaneoue metal wint
•nace*BneouB PUMDCB pnduobi
Motof veMcse end c*w bodse
NaUonataKurty
Nanonataacully
National a*cu*y
Photographic etju^vnenl and a«\kppllei
Plating endpoWitng
Plattng andpoMring
Ptathg end pohNng
Ptathg and polctdng
Plathg andpohNng
Plaitng and potsMng
Ptathig and poWiIng
Plating and polshlng
Plating and polshlng
Plat lrg and polshlng
Plating and polshlng
QUANTITY
TWO
00 Q
13 T
« *
4T
14 T
ST
• T
4T
600 O
10342 O
1200 O
1600O
1600 T
11 300 Q
•7433 Q
S8T
B3SQ
3650 O
DK
1330 T
1468 T
270 T
1025670 T
7500 O
OT
DK
3500O
14615 Q
255 Q
750
0
11550
220 O
9900 O
3T
204000 O
19040 O
400 O
300 O
50 O
11550
ST
245 T
OT
68262OOQ
6550 Q
3T
SOLOS
nu
10
N/A
OK
10
30
20
pnMenl
DK
DK
OK
fW
is
DK
DK
28
piaaart
pvaaart
piaairt
praaart
DK
4
•
praMrt
•
DK
N/A
S
12
0
N/A
DK
piaaart
DK
30
N/A
DK
1
DK
8
S
OK
0
DK
DK
1
DK
0
WATER
(%» <
00
50
OK
80
•S
00
praaart
00
DK
80
80
DK
DK
74
praaart
00
piaaart
S
80
08
80
08
04
00
N/A
00
08
N/A
OK
pfaaart
OS
70
80
DK
DK
DK
00
60
80
78
DK
09
09
09
00
ORGANIC
XMTENTft
0
praaart
DK
praaart
0
DK
N/A
DK
N/A
N/A
DK
DK
1
DK
N/A
DK
DK
DK
DK
0
DK
DK
0
DK
N/A
DK
0
0
N/A
DK
DK
0
0
0
0
OK
DK
DK
DK
DK
OK
DK
DK
0
DK
OK
PH
4
11
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
12
3
2
6.5
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
7.7
2
3
2
2
2
3
22
9.5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2.5
3.6
4
4
4
4.5
-------
PHVSCAL WASTE
DESCRPTPN
WASTE DESCRPTON
Table C-l (continued)
MDUSTRIAL OESCflPTKM
OUANTTTY SOUD3 WATER ORGANIC PH
flU l%> CONTENT 1X1
*gaflfc8aukk) (continued)
Spent add •* melaa
Spent add •WimetaB
flpvrt add vfeh muk
Sport Add tifch ifaVtib
Sport Add vfth mute
Sport ftdd vfth rnotok
Spent add aWi met*
Spent add «»i met*
Spent add **h rat*
Spent MM vMi met*
Spent add wAti mat*
Spent add »«i met*
Spent Add wAh met*
Spent add ••* mat*
Spent add (M met*
Spent add »«i met*
Spent add *»i met*
Spent add •»! met*
Spent add «Mi met*
Spent add aMi mat*
Spent add nHi met*
Plaflng and po9jMng.lMa) coating and aBed i
fTkminQ flnO pOiWlsnO^lMul COomlnQ Ofw OBOd HfWOOoV ElKOWafe OW^OnOrtoX flOC
PWkigandpofeNnaJMal eoaflng and aMamfcee. Ebctrante oonponenta. me
F1alhgandpoW*«.lletatcDanngandalMeintoei. Etaaiente caitiumm. me
PWkigendpaW*v.M«tatooann|andanedavvleMeoatt«andalMaenikaa. Etadjonfceanpemi«a.me
Ptattig and poOMngJMaJ coating and ailed eentae. Etaaonb eampenama. me
PMhgMdp
oM**Mttl c
EhcMnfc oonpentnM. me
EbcMnfe
PU»ndp
nd«idill«)MntcM.
o
I
Sport ocM wfih niotob
Spent add »*h met*
Spent add MM m«*
Spent add win matei
Spent add vMi mt*
Spent add i*h rat*
Spent add *«i met*
Spent add »*h met*
Spent add uMi met*
Sport KM wBi ITMUM
Spent Mid wfth iTMlih
PMhg and poW*io.tMal hauMhoU IMnkm. M*M afflo* hrrtun
r ratal preduai. me
RadbandTV
RadbndTV
RflMWCti ttio owvtapnwv
RMMftfi md dwctapfiMnl Mw MortM
Bennrmachkiaaiedum
S«vkM.mo
Sp0ra KM Mffl IMUk
8n^ DOMhlQ MO MpMnHQ
S>4> buMng and npabkig
8p«fll«dil«mimM*
SJmliddvMimilih
SJMi««dd«Miiralib
8p0CHI WMOTlOIMnQ tfld BOftQfl^ IHC
8p««d changtm, drfvoa. and gtan, AteoH •qu^nmnl
StMl wkv And ptbtcd pfodudv
Spent iddnMimMk
SpM4 ttUlMl ITWtlli
SpOTR MM Mul nWttfi
TffBpnont And tetoQvipn flppvMtAtSwrvconoucton mo twtttto oGnott
Td^itiOM oonwnunlnltan
•nOfQflfnB ojQUlBi
Spent add «Ui rat*
Spert add «M>oul met*
Spent add •fltnul met*
Spent add aMioul met*
Spent add wthoot met*
Spent add vfttioul met*
Span) add wnhout met*
Spent add uMioul met*
Spent add wMnul met*
Spent add nUmul mMab
Spent add wtlhom met*
Spent add without melali
Spent add wflhoul motab
Spam add wtihoul melab
Alfcnll
AJrcnft anglnaa and angh* parti
Ahcnfl aqutonanl, me
Catukalc man-mada Itart
Cdukalc nun-matte Ibaia
Cycle enidM and MannaiMai
Cycle crudat and >a»iin»dl«l«i. PnotogiapMe aqutanant and auypflai
DK
Etootrfc tanfcM
Etectrfc MtvlcM
Etodronfc u«n)en««m, CMC
Etediont companants. nw
Electionlc cmipon»m», nae
MOO
2200 Q
Minooa
!H2SO
1180 Q
17000
31800
2200 b
4000O
TWO
MOO
80 O
ino a
4800
360 O
700 a
1000 O
BOO
•78 T
100SOO
6000 Q
1704000
3SOOOO
330 O
1ST
10 T
16SO
40SO
80
148000
2000 O
124 ISO
22000Q
2112 O
34660
39500
SO
16SO
R89O
1ST
600000O
2ST
31000
20000 Q
3812 O
WOO
DK
6T
38T
624 O
ssooa
125 T
II9T
243Bt40O
0
3200 O
0
200000 Q
SO
no
10 a
•4
10
DK
as
T
a
OK
10
DK
30
98
09
99
69
99
99
99
99
M
90
90
90
00
00
OK
09
70
93
98
OK
OS
OK
10
2
1
0
10
2
DK
DK
DK
8
1
DK
HA
1
OK
1
1
2
DK
0
praaaM
•.1
DK
16
60
78
DK
28
DK
DK
1
DK
DK
DK
DK
96
90
99
90
99
99
98
98
0
0
00
09
99
98
33
94
98
70
71
98
DK
DK
OK
IS
IS
98
0
80
DK
99
DK
DK
DK
DK
0
DK
HIX
NIK
DK
1
DK
DK
DK
OK
DK
0
NIX
MA
DK
DK
DK
OK
0
DK
OK
1
NIK
0
DK
OK
OK
0
praunl
N/X
OK
DK
1
1
0
20
OK
OK
I
OK
DK
OK
2
2
2
2
•
3
2
2
2
2.2
2.7
11
4
2
2
2
2
7
2
8
3
e
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
2
7
7.25
4
7
2
2
8.4
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
DESCRPT10N
WASTE DESCRFTION
Table C-l (continued)
MOUSTRIAL DCSCRPTION
QUANTITY SOlCa WATER ORGANIC PH
tXI (%1 CONTENT (»1
swganfclquldB (e
nOnued) Spent add wMwulrnet*
apart add «nthaul met*
apfWei MM WwPOtw nwui*
Spam add «thoul met*
apart add (Miaul met*
Spent add •Miout met*
Spent add «Mnut met*
EjptoahM.1
Fabricated rn
Fabric
i. MC
Omni automed* rap* ahapa
Spam add *Wttutmatali
Spa* add •Mnutmatala
Spffal MM vMioul raftflto
8pent add ««noui matt*
Spirt add (rttnul met*
Spirt add irMnul met*
Spent add »«iaul mat*
Spirt add *««*- met*
8pml Mid vMwui nvudi
8pvnl ccU wfchoul nvttli
OUUtO iTRMllM MM g^pMWiVHdiM
faduatrW centre*
Industrial horganfc enarrleek. nee
snAJKnaW CfpoVeiC CIMfTgiCBgX (MC
hduenW organic chamfcara. nee
(nAattW OIQaVpto CflWTllCariBX MC
lnduatMorganleenainleala.nae.iid
Metal eoedng and atkd envfeaa
i.Oaiieral cherrteaJ menutarturtng
HataJ eoattig and anad aanbaa. Wata) ha« I
Maul coattig and aJfcd aantoaa. Matal haal I
IMalManvaiga.nae
attig. Primaqr
aflng. Primaqr matal praductt. nee
Honf wMcMpvis flno
Motor «MdH and cat taodha
NadonalaacwKy
National aacorty
National aacwtf
Nu
iilalr
o
I—"
-F-
8p«««dd««MUlimtali
imariali and rasha
8pMl fldd vfthoul nvUdi
SMI«ld4M«KMllMUIi
8p*rt add wHiaul rank
idi ofganh
Organic (bar*. noncahiMe
Oipartc Ibafs* nonoavutoalc.
PMrokjumraMng
Patraawn rattling
Phannaoauacalpnparalbna
Plaaflca matarWaand raaha. toduatrW onjartc erwrteata, nae
PtttftriQ 4VMl poWrinQ
PbiJiiQ end pohMnQ
PreducH «• purchaaad gbaa
8p*rttdi>«rWiaulnMtk
Sp*rt*ddfiMiaulnwUdi
Rapak atntcaa, nae
Rniaicti and danalo
Spirt add «M»ulnM«k
Spirt iddwlitiaulmlak
Spirt add mttaul iratak
SptrtiddiMdiauinitub
Spirt add Kdhout mdak
SpartaddvHIhoulmiab
8partau*tfc
Spartcauofc
Spirt caustic
SJMrtcauatlc
Spirt caustic
SparteauMle
Spert caustic
Spart caustic
Spart caustic
Spart caustic
Spart caustic
Spart caustic
Sairtoonduekm and rebtad dairicaa
SttTVOOOOUCtofB MW ftttftM OCVICCV
Strntoontfudtm «nd ralMd dwtoM
Swrtondudort wd rattwJ dwfc**
Sh«p buUbiQ and NfuMnQ
Surfaoa acflv* agarta. hduattW erganle dwmkah. nae, Chan** praparaHona. nae
Akdtfl WlQftMCaWf WIQVM ptVtl
Akcraft angkwa and anpha parta
Aircraft anginas and angha patta
Bbat hnnaoM and slaal mOi
CartRM ab tranaportatlon
Cofcgaa and unlvanUaa. nae
Cofegaa and unKtaisllai,nac. Uadkal labemariaa
Cunart-carn/lng wthg davfcas.Elactiailc eenponarta. nae, Ehetronfc pana and •qutmant
OK
DK
Etearfc unrlcM
Etedrfca) appaiatut and aqutxnanl. Electronic paits and aqulpment
OK
1IOO
tMQ
t»7T
tsoo
4720 Q
20423T
20 T
40000 Q
MOO
2B8244T
60000
22 T
2400240
67I780O
13500 O
20000 Q
7800O
aooo
144 O
0
0
at
tsoo
IT
13517 T
IT
82315T
170 T
2T
304559T
740
eooo
6000
3T
1200 O
03T
MO
17280 O
3413BO
60468ST
2723040
6000000Q
ZT
ZT
SO
120 O
83 T
1
OK
OK
N/A
10
•0
OK
0
0
DK
SO
30
OK
70
98
30
8 89
DK 10
DK 88
1 90
1 09
12 88
12 88
100 0
6 90
0 60
0 98
DK OK
OK DK
DK DK
DK DK
0 2
DK 2
DK 2
N/A 7
0 2
N/A 3
K-A 2
0 2
45 2
6 2
0 2
1 2
N/A 2
0 8
t 2
1 2
0 2
DK 12
0 2
0 2
DK 2
OK 2
OK 2
OK 2
N/A 2
16 78 WA 3.6
4 87 0 2
0 40 N/A 2
I 88 DK 2
DK praaart prater* to
H-A 6 N/A 2
2 88 present 7
3 67 praaert 2
0 85 0 2
0 30 0 2
0 80 0 2
DK OK DK 2
0 99 0 2
29 DK 79 2
DK 1 OX 7
xeaert 90 N/A 8
1 99 1 7
DK 99 0 7
OK praaart DK 9
OK DK DK 2
OK OK DK 2
10 60 OK 3
naart 80 N/A 2
DK DK DK 2
5400 O DK
25680 OK
300 O DK
68T 30
ST 8
50 Q DK
142 Q DK
8540 OK
577749O 8
49839T 10
2454IOSO DK
4000 Q DK
DK
DK
DK
70
DK
praaart
DK
DK
80
88
DK
90
DK
DK
DK
DK
DK
0
DK
0
OK
0
DK
OK
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
9
12
t2
7
12
-------
Table C-l (continued)
o
i
PHVSBM. WASTE
OESCflPTION
knpnfcAjdptt
•nOBjBniC MJOpM
kwQflnlc lAjdpM
K-pnfcriudM
Inofpflnlc (AxIpM
WASTE KSCRFTON
SpMcauMfc
Spirt CM*
Spirt cMfc
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spv« auric
SJMrtcMlk
aJMrtewrtD
SJMrtawdD
SpOTlCBMtlB
Sptrt auric
Spirt auriC
Spirt auriC
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Sptrt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
SpMtf CttNfb
Spirt aurio
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt aurio
Spirt auric
Spirt aurio
Spirt auriC
Spirt auric
Spirt aurio
Spirt aurie
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt auric
Spirt cam*
AkpotudoncomrelitovfcaiJudM
Ak poBudon cortwl dtvfe* itudn
CNoihl* or oOMT bch* riudg*
ChtartttooraOwbrtwDude*
O^rMdng tfudg* n«i mW M* er !•«§
Um tludp* wlh raliltfrrald hydroihto rfudg*
Llm sludo* wth mtfxta/mtfrf hydrexhto Aidp*
Lkm DutfB* wltioul rmofc
Ot»r ««»tai»«ti> trKnurt *udg»
00MT mstMMMr trMlmrt dutfg*
aim wawmMlw trMMrt *y»iing.«iJJIii)»«vfc«i
Inttl ooMh0 no Mbd Mf¥teM, Iran ind AM! kvQhipt
UlntMMiMM iMttl worii
Hmamaw mat wok. Mm*
MlKtMraoui iratri vonX AkcnA
Mdof Mnoi pflrti tnd •ooHWnM
Ul^UMW ^H buldlng «nd npdrtng
Shti buMng mi nprirtng
SlMl kNMtmM loundrtM
StMl hvMmrt loundrtw
SpidMlfcnMMr
VAM«ndpt»nMngi
CotttftQ, •nprivInQ, md riltd MnrtoM
hdustfM hof Qflnfc ctwtrtcA, MO
FrfMfctt*d raM products. Me
DK
COppW fDnWIQ MM OFMMIQ
OK
M0lrf cortiQ wid tfRvd MfvtoM
MUM eoMtig wd rtM MnfcM
PurakumralHna
Cydc crudM wd IntOTnidbM
M«nul»cturtnj MinnlM. me
P tfnti «nd «DM producM.PIntlei mMftab mi ra«tn«
Rihn* lyiMm. Tracking, nnpl bat R«Midi «nd ilmtviniil btertlariM
Se>vlo>s,nae
TmcHng. uopl load
QUANTITY
680
0
MOO
• T
IflOOQ
ZSBSO
11SOOO
DK
Z72SOO
1000
2T
•10 T
MOT
8ZOOO
aoa
2»O
4JT
J78O
sta
26 T
418 T
006640 O
307538400
30000 O
218(8 T
365 T
28 T
3640 O
485 O
330 O
4000 O
660 O
IT
IT
10000 a
loom a
20 T
180
1000 O
ace a
8180 T
1045 O
8T
24 T
891 T
2304 O
BOO
700 O
1089 T
IT
MS T
10 T
11 T
45571 O
9500 O
SOLOS
nu
OK
praMrt
praMrt
to
18
OK
3
OK
OK
DK
DK
18
1»
0
IS
OK
IT
1
DK
OK
t
*
DK
\
NfA
5
DK
2
DK
NIK
DK
1
OK
DK
1
1
80
OK
12
20
WA
10
4
80
S
SO
20
28
18
40
80
70
SO
75
38
WATER
f*l
DK
pranrt
OK
80
80
OK
•1
87
DK
DK
88
89
88
80
8
DK
80
BO
OK
OK
89
88
OK
89
89
80
•8
80
70
80
DK
89
DK
OK
94
94
20
80
80
80
70
90
99
9
99
50
80
72
pfMWkt
80
10
30
SO
25
SO
ORQANC
CONTENT («|
DK
pram*
DK
0
praMrt
DK
OK
DK
DK
DK
DK
NIX
NIK
0
DK
80
0
NIK
DK
NIK
0
OK
DK
NIK
NIK
8
DK
0
NIK
NIK
DK
OK
DK
DK
NIK
NIK
0
DK
0
1
NIK
DK
NIK
3
0
prMtnl
0
0
praMrt
NIK
NIK
NIK
prMort
OK
9
PH
12
10
10
to
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
2
to
12
2
12
7
10
12
12
12.6
12
10
10
12
11
It
to
12
12
7
7
12
2
12
10
4
2
8.6
12
9
12
8
8
12
2
7
10
10
to
12
-------
Table C-l (continued)
PHYSICAL WASTE
DESCfflPTKJN
fcuu0anlk aUJQss
Untn
Untn
WASTE DESCRPTON
istsd Haft"fl sturfps wttiout cy anMss
tatsd Dialing studgs wttxxH qrsnldas
Alkaflssandetotorttt
Plating andpofshtng
MOUSTRIAL DESCRFTKM
rMv
•tffcMMMi -~--*8^MoV^
QUANTITY
| T
2T
BOO
6T
8CXDS
IXI
OK
70
05
60
66
WATER
(HI
80
nVA
20
40
2
ORGANIC
CONTENT f%|
Q
70
DK
DK
PH
2
2
2
Inorganic awdgss
triwfg»«Hittrie«gink»
l*bdo**hlakorgMfci
Inorganic MB*
Inorganic solos
Inorganic soMs
Inorganic soMs
tooraanteaofldi
Asn*slag* of othst rsslous' norntncswatton
BM*rtM or MlwypM. caring* com*
QaRMM or btttiif parts* catlngt, ooraa
Battariaa Of baMrjf parts, eatings, Cnm
Ballarlaa or bans? parts, casings, eoraa
Dry kna or mrtat MraUa aoflds cr»nfcsl)r »•*"
Diy kn* or iraM hfdmU* MM ctanfcily IbiT
(ky ftw or imW hy*nlH M8te dmitalr-ttioA*
Diy km or iraM hyAoxIn MBdt nol Ihtf
Dry *"• or iraul hydmilda Mfl* M Tktf
OHnr Mry* Mh. (tao. or ttionral mWu*
CyckctutfMMd
Plsilng snd potshlng
nsfuss sysisnv
DK
ln0«ndMm*ultfMloM
Ssfrtoondudon and rshlsd dsvtos*. Bsdran tubs*. rsosMig IHM. Etodranle eannsdoft
Motor vsMdM and c
TnmtomM^ Ptattig tnd pofcNng
ARy0ss ind cNbvkM
O
i-1
O^
OOMrhorBinlBMld*
OmorhorgankMUi
OOMrkiorainlefolili
OttMTtiorgvifcMU*
OttMr horQintoMldt
Otwr harBanle MM
OtwrtorowilCMlrf*
OOwrlnoreintiioUf
Otnsf kiOfganiB solds
OnwrhoraankMHi
OKMthorgififcMldi
OttMrharoanleMHt
OnMrkwraankMUi
OmwharomfcHldi
OMwrkmonfcKUdi
00wt horsanfc loMt
Agrb
ehi
Akcrrt
Aircraft ngkiM «nd •nghtpMi
Atun*wni itiMl. pUn. wd M. Abn*wn raOtio wd dm** n»e
Ctiandcal pr sparattons, nse
DK
1072 T
878 O
38T
29 T
»T
8S5Q
IT
1050 Q
IT
TOT
DK
10 Q
713 Q
OT
Boooa
IT
78
20
00
20
N/A
08
30
1
08 0
100 0
N/A N/A
DK
DK
DK
DK
1
tuoioroc ujHyuimim me
ring and poUsMng
I Sorfeonducton nd rabtod dnkM
1. Stn*andudcn and raUtad dMkM
Etodronte connotta •outomsntEt.ctTonlc componsntt. nse
OtforkiorganlcMMt
OtfwrkiorginlcMHi
ahwhoroanfcMUs
OtMrhorganlctoUi
OtwrlnorganleMldi
Otnar horganfc soMs
CUwrkiorganfcuMi
Ohwtmpanfcioldt
Olhw horganlc MHi
OttwrhorganletoUa
OMMT horgank MMi
Ottiar horganle uMs
Qhef Inorganic solds
OlhM horganle soHt
QukM mtarte* m) BMI ««MdM. Spm propuMon unto «id part*
Hardwars, nse* Plating and poRshlng
Hanhvars, nse, Plsifcig and poHahlng
tndustrial gasss
Industrial (norganfc ehsmteak, nse
Industrial horganfcensnacals, nse
Mustrlal organic cnsfnttte. nse
Industrial organte cnarnteals, nse
Instruf nsnls to rnsasurs stostrtdry
M«il cocflng end iDad MrvfcM
Motor v*fch« and car bodta* Motor Mfrid* part* end Mcmorta. M«
Nonewnjnl-carrying wiring dmloM
Ordbunc* end McxaortH. nw
mbwnan*nglnM.mc
PMrotounirclMng
PMiohum rdMng
Pttrahumfaflnlng
P0tf oteuni f 6iWnQ, Industrtji InofQjnlc cfiSRvQuSt nse
Plastics mater lab snd rsrins. Industrial organic onsmfcals. nse
Pumps and pumping •qufcrmm
Screw macMns products
100122 O
4T
1ST
0
0
IT
IT
IT
MO
OOSQ
IT
IT
80 T
28 T
24T
IT
2ST
3T
10 T
284Q
108 T
439 T
88 T
2T
2T
912 Q
990 Q
1IOQ
M 1
DK DK
00 1
00 N/A
00 40
100 NIK
40 80
00 praMrt
00 praMM
00 N/A
08 0
08 0
08 1
00
00
00
N/A
00
10
80
30
20 80
02 N/A
09 1
00 DK
100 0
DK DK
04 18
02 8
OK DK
09 1
01 0
OK OK
2
DK
N/A
N/A
N/A
DK
praMM
0
N/A
DK
DK
DK
prtMm
DK
DK
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
pr*G«nt
10
10
1
S
DK
20
10
N/A
0
N/A
N/A
DK
DK
0
BraMrt
DK
N/A
praMrt
DK
N/A
DK
OK
N/A
DK
OK
8
DK
NIX
0
OK
OK
10
3
12
2
2
12
2
10
12
12
8
12
12
2
12
2
12
8.5
2
8
2
12
2
2
3
3
12
12
2
2
2
2
12
3.8
11
12
8
2
2
3
0
2
2
12
11
-------
PHYSIC*. WASTE
DESOUPTON
WASTE DESCRFTON
Table C-l (continued)
•OUSTRULDESCflPn
QUANTITY SOLOS WATER ORGANIC PH
nu nu CONTENT nu
twn)nle«l*|oonam»d)
00w kw onfc tolds
OuMf mOTQaraB M69B
tantanducm «nd ntt*d dwfen
SwntanduckmtndnlattddMkM
00*
Oh* IMC** tKMtafrte*
Swnkanducfcn nd rwa*d dwtoM
Spooo fwosicfi end ischnofaQy
TWMB snd (MM oon^onefle)
Alumhurn Muted products
CneneESv end sAod pfo
CaratradtannMNMiy
Mu
ctMmfc
. me
OOm iMcflv* uti/c*MfTfc*Ji
konandDMllarg
NMhNMf MCUnly
CTltf WMtt
AIH,UW1I
•Mlfe^lMri
•m,awni
bMMM*Mk» «4kMW
L-T
!»•»»
ElMMnfc
MuMM knrgMfc tfwrfak.
IMar «iMdH Md ev bodta
OJhar wasta torpanfc charnfcah
8pMl cofld fltoiv of •dwrtwus
!, Cnan6cal pnpamkina,
•at
Straw macMnapndueli
ConvMPcW priMhif, tstte^neSvFoodpnduotoiiiaKMienjr
o
I
SpOTl COM HIM Of AOSOroMltS
SpOTi tolU MM of •dsortNnM
8|Mnl KM fMM or aduitMnlt
OpM«
Staagcbanwln
144 O
MT
100 T
IT
IT
IT
1ST
1220 O
1640Q
770 O
1T
18*75Q
14 T
OK
0
ST
SO
TO
MO
102 T
2ST
118T
178 T
0
1SOO
IT
• T
IT
10 T
288 O
12»T
36 T
1ST
63363
6T
2T
65 O
2T
650
245 O
83 T
610
275 O
IT
168 T
IT
IT
2T
120 O
30 Q
488 Q
6T
IT
100
N/A
68
28
66
100
60
OK
60
OK
r*A
0
66
66
66
too
DK
0
0
>
80
OK
2
IB
OK
2
8
29
6
0
40
10
OK
0
0
0
NTA
OK
OK
0
OK
OK
OK
6
OK
OK
N/A
OK
N/A
OK
66
I
1
1
OK
OK
40
66 OK
70 20
66 t
60 10
20 60
76 25
42 60
46 DK
66 2
78 25
DK 8
0 60
66 t
DK 70
66 praunt
0 praunl
OK
NIK
OK
0
OK
OK
OK
6
DK
DK
1
DK
DK
20
2
2
2
3
12
12
12
2
4
3
8
2
6
2
12
2
12.5
2
2
2
12
11
2.3
11
4
2
2
6
5
2
12
7
6
2
28
0
61
65
OK
0
69
06
OK
OK
0
OK 12
DK 2
N/A 2
r*A 2
DK 12
praunl 12
80 DK 11
65 0 2
N/A praunl 2
NfA
OK
60
60
0
0
OK
OK
1
NTA 2
NM 2
13 5.5
DK 2
peasant 2
DK 2
DK 3
DK 2
Mh«lfc*> parts
Cycle dudes and tntsmwdlalss
IT
60
DK
10
-------
Table C-l (continued)
I
I—1
00
PHYSICAL WASTE
•-- — *-lm«htl>fl
ogam mfia*
o0anKB|Uin
«,-„
Q^IJM. Kfimi
Oganfclqudt
Organic ft***
Ogantelawli
Organic Iqukli
WASTE DE»
Mttrtd lab necfci
Hatogenated (•.§•• cMorfaloi
Hirlott!aifi1TOwfrXri|tf!iTltff
! *r*^--
-------
PHYMCA1. WASTE
OESCMPTON
WASTE OESCRPTKJN
Table C-l (continued)
MUJSTflULOESCRFT
QUAMTTTY
8O.D9 WATER ORGANIC PH
r« ou CONTENTm
Organic abdgaa
Organic *idgaa
Organic akidga*
OrgmteaMga*
Organic *fadpM
OrgarteaoMi
Organic MM
Organic MM*
CSrabdga
Organic prim orMafcrja*
Ofttr organic akidgt
Ota organic rtudga
Off* organic aludga
PMrekwmralHni
rT|iuA rMMrdi and tMnnobajr
Cydo onafn and MarrnadbMM
Oanaral cnamUl namtoaurt^
hduatrta) organic ctarnJcak,nK
hdwrjtal organic ctMrrfcakx me
PtaaflarraarUiand
PMIIQ flndpoMiInQ
IM fli ttny *«*••
8lM bcoonv of ivrtfiatoQanaiBd organic BwUB
SulDOajOrnaOl nonTMfDganaMO Organic IrajUB
PMre.awmrafhh.1
bMfcfltfU oipMlc diMiaMliX
Q0MT IttalDQiVtfltBd OfQWklC Mid
OHw rutogmM organic toU
Otaf tatogmM organic «H
CnamJcalpraparanoni.rae
hdwbW organic cterrfcak, nae
8p*hadc nttw. MuMrWorgnk
VO
organic KM
CXhar nontakgrnttd organic MM
OUikW nonhitoQwutcd OfQMilc wU
Oim nonhatoganatad onjink aoM
OttMrnonruriogmaMl organic MM
OtanonhakgonaMd organic MM
OuMf nOfWMBQMUNO OfpMlfcCOM
CMMf nonhabganatod organic toM
Ohw nonhabganalad organic nM
wHTunRbAv ttMpf fw cnvi vnv^ IMO
Organic MM*
Organic aoMi
Organic aoldi
Organic *oMa
RMCtktV OfQflfllC MM
Sold fwfc» orpoiynwtod orjank*
8* (ganti
MuttrW organic chamfca* nao
MuttrW organk ehamkaai. nae
Uotor vahklM andearbodla*
SautagM and dhar pnparad imm
VatvM and P*»Mng»
DK
hduroUlhoiganfccti*rrluaj.nM
Cydc cnxiM md IrMnrMdbfM
Cycle enidf* and MarmadUM,MuatrW organic cnarrtoata. i
Cjefc ouda* and iMrm*dUa*.Mu*BW organic charrfcaK «
Industrial organic eharrfca* Me
Organic paaDdda producla
PharmaoMlcalpnparattana
IT
ST
9T
SIT
ST
IT
leono
a»o
HtQ
14 T
MT
14700O
10T
100 T
1MT
16JT
Mt4Q
Ma
1010 O
• T
4T
129 T
68 Q
2S4T
6SOQ
ST
OT
ST
9SBSQ
ST
17 T
1ST
8800
4T
OK
80
68
48
80
SO
s
so
ss
ss
80
S
OK
100
80
SO
OS
so
80
80
02
97
S
S3
SI
60
SO
88
00
00
10
40
62
20
S
48
S
S
OK
OK
S
60
OK
0
0
IS
1
8
NIX
04
S
0
0
1
nVA
60
60
0
10
10
DK
20
1
SO
BS
OK
OK
OK
64
0.4
IS
DK
NTA
7
8
11
9
2
2
10
8
S
S
10
2
2
10
OK 2
0 4
OK 12
praMM 10
praMM 2
91 2.7
OK 2
praaart 2
0 7
OK
88
8
N/A
2
10
7
12
praaanl 2
praaart 2
OK 2
WA 2.7
OK 2
DK-Domknow
O-Oalon*
T-Tona
N/A_NM avalliMa
Ratonrc*: USEPA 1988.
-------
2823g
o
I
Table C-2 Corrosive Waste Quantity Handled by Industrial Classification (million gallons/year)
SIC code
28
49
29
33
26
36
35
32
34
37
20
„
Industry description
Chemicals and allied products
Electric, gas. and sanitary services
Petroleum refining
Primary metals
Paper and allied products
Electric and electronic
machinery, equipment, and
supplies
Machinery, except electrical
Stone, clay, glass, concrete
Fabricated metals
Transportation equipment
Food and kindred products
Other industries
High
18.3373
2.305
1.150
1.143
1.1?6
581
417
190
183
136
27
SO
Waste quantity
Low
15.590
1.960
978
972
957
495
354
162
156
115
23
42
handled
Percent
71.5
9.0
4.5
4.5
4.4
2.3
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.5
O.I
0.2
Total:
'includes D002 and K062 only.
Source: USEPA. 1988c.
25.645 21.803
100.0
-------
APPENDIX D
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL
DESCRIPTIONS FOR D003 WASTES
-------
2817g-l
Table 0-1 Characterization and Industry Data for 0003 Wastes That Are Only Characteristic Reactive Wastes
(I.e.. not Mixed with other hazardous wastes) According to the
1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
SIC code
2911
281 1
951!
2800
2800
2822
2869
2892
3644
9711
9711
3312
2892
3321
Industry description
Petroleum refining
Other chemicals and allied Industries
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Chemicals and chop leal preparations, nee
Industrial organic chntcals. nee
Explosives (TNT production, lead azlde. etc.)
Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing.
and coloring
National security
Research and development laboratories
Blast furnaces (Including coke ovens).
steel works, and rolling Bills
Explosives
Gray Iron foundries
Waste description
Oily sludge
Soil contaminated with Inorganics
Sludge with reactive sulfides
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Sludge with other react ives
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
Reactive organic solid
Other waste inorganic chemicals
Nonhalogenated solvent
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
Nonhalogenated solvent
Reactive organic solid
Reactive or polymerlzable organic liquid
Aqueous waste with other react Ives
(e.g.. explosives)
Other inorganic liquid
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
Other reactive salts/chemicals
Amount
generated
' In tons
13.461
44
13
45.150
2.983.333
1.216.667
1.212.500
77
3.701
1
1
7
1
825.312
36
120.833
4
4.610
1
1
Caustic with solution cyanides but no metals 45.833
Other inorganic solids
Aqueous waste with other react ives (e.g..
Other reactive salts/chenicals
Other "dry" ash. slag, or thermal residue
Other "dry" ash. slag, or thermal residue
Other "dry" ash. slag, or thermal residue
1
explosives) 15
52
7.271
2.827
2.320
Management
pract Ice
In 1986
Land treatment
Land treatment
Land treatment
Underground Injection
Underground Injection
underground injection
Underground Injection
Landfill
Waste piles
Landfill
Landfill
Surface impoundment
Landfill
Surface ianoundment
Surface impoundment
Underground injection
Surface impoundment
Surface Impoundment
Surface Impoundnent
surface Impoundnent
Underground injection
Waste pi les
Surface Impoundnent
Surface Impoundment
Waste piles
Waste piles
Waste piles
Reference: USEPA 1986a.
-------
27499-H
Table D-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Nixed Wastes Containing Reactive
Wastes According to the 1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
Waste
SIC code Industry description code
2911 Petroleu* refining 0001
0003
0007
0008
0001
0003
D001
0002
0003
0002
0003
0001
0002
0003
000?
0003
0003
000?
Amount Management
generated pract ice
Waste description In tons In 1986
Oily sludge 11 Land treatment
Oily sludge 538 Land treatment
Reactive sulflde salts/chemicals . 7 Land treatment
Metal scale, filings, or scrap 2 Land treatment
Concentrated aqueous solution of 239 Surface fnpoundjnent
other organic
Spent caustic 1.749 Surface Inpoundment
Spent caustic 4.878 Surface Impoundment
-------
2749g-12
Table 0-2 (continued)
SIC code
Waste description
Waste
code
Industry description
Amount
generated
In tons
Management
pract ice
In 1986
2911 Petroluem refining (cant.)
0002
0003
Aqueous waste Kith other reactive* 3.000
(e.g.. explosives)
Surface Inpoundnent
0002
0003
Caustic aqueous waste 668.685
Aqueous waste with reactive sulf ides
Underground injection
2860 Colleges, universities.
professional schools, and
junior colleges
0001
0002
0003
UO/5
U151
Lab packs of old chemicals only
Landfill
2800 General chemical Manufacturing
0001
0009
0003
Lab packs of debris only
Landfill
0003
0006
0011
Lab packs of old chemicals only
Landfill
0001
0002
0003
F003
Reactive or polymer liable organic liquid 899 Surface impoundment
Nonhalogenated solvent
DOOI
0002
0003
Nonhalogenated solvent 37
Reactive or polymer liable organic liquid
Surface Impoundment
-------
2749g-13
Table D-2 (continued)
SIC code
Waste description
Waste
code
Industry description
Amount Management
generated practIce
In tons In 1986
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nee
0002
0003
Reactive or polymertzable organic
liquid
182.385 ' Surface Impoundment
0001
0002
0003
Reactive or polymer I/able organic
liquid
65.753 Surface impoundnent
0001
0003
Reactive or polymer I/able organic
liquid
19 Surface tnpoundnent
G
I
•P-
0001
D002
D003
0007
0002
0003
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Acidic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with reactive suIf Ides
Other inorganic liquid
Spent caustic 75.000
Aqueous waste with reactive suIf Ides
40.725 Surface impoundnent
Underground Injection
0002
0003
Acidic aqueous waste 810.608 Underground injection
Aqueous waste with other reactlves
(e.g.. explosives)
0003
0004
D005
0007
Other waste Inorganic chemicals
383 Landfill
-------
2749g-14
Table D-2 (continued)
SIC code
Waste description
Waste
code
Industry description
Amount Management
generated pract ice
In tons In 1986
2816 Inorganic pigments
000?
0003
Soil contaminated with organtcs
20
Landfill
9711 National security
DOOI
F003
F005
Nonhalogenated solvent
Landfill
1321 Oil and gas extraction
DOOI
D003
Spent solid filters or absorbents
61
Landfill
2821 Plastics materials.
synthetic resins, and non-
volcanizable elastomers
DOOI
0002
0003
Acidic aqueous waste
Other reactive sales/chealcals
1.352
Surface Impoundment
2833 Medicinal chemicals and
botanical products
DOOI
0002
0002
0003
F002
F003
P106
1)080
0112
U154
U220
Concentrated solvent-water 2.458.353
solution
Acidic aqueous waste
Caustic aqueous waste
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no metals
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no metals
Hatogenated (e.g.. chlorinated) solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Surface Impoundment
-------
2749g-IS
Table D-2 (continued)
SIC code
Haste description
Waste
code
Industry description
Amount Management
generated practIce
in tons In 1986
2833 Medicinal chattelIs and botanicals
0003
PI06
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no Beta Is
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no aeta Is
27.090
Surface tinoundment
2879 Alkalies and chlorine
0002
D003
Acidic aqueous waste 179.036
Aqueous waste with other react tves
(e.g.. explosives)
Surface Impoundment
3482 Small ana anounition explosives
(INT production, lead atide. etc.)
0002
0003
K044
K046
Aqueous waste with other reactives 1.750 Surface iRpoundaent
(e.g.. explosives)
Reference: USEPA 1986a.
-------
Table D-3 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory
WASTE OC8CBFT10N
80U06
_J3
WATER CYAMOE
P4
•ek*n«MicmttMbi«iioraMb OkwdMaeular
Otfiw Mitt Modbcfon
Dbcwdnf d oMp*e
Eta
Cycle outMi
tnt nfcM
FMfll HMCMflMy MM CQUkplMfM
PWnfMdpebNnf
SNpbUUnf Mrf
04ii*oofM. MM fH. tfMtoMi plMJflj MM poMMnf
Ehc»
oHi
p
(hgmle «Mra.
PMtaQ •noponnfif
P*raiy*lin*Mn
BM lunucM vrf MM! n
0
OK
40
OK
OK
10(91
M
f
I
1
•
f
OK
»
OK
OK
OK
t
•9
0
t
OK
OK
1
Ckgnle
Ogwk •>««,
8««p«n< u»«i «K§miil«
CdtMMDCM*
Ottw ••*• pnAicton free***
OK _^__
IflOIML Of^WIC CnoW1MMo\ MC^Cycfc OUOH
Ubarakny
Otocndlng cf aM>w
OhwpmoMi
I mglM* tnd *ngln> pM(
Jmlet poliaii
IndUibUorg*
OhM pat count M
BktegkjIptoduHi ^^_
OrfMk »>«. nanntitade
M
79
79
too
•9
OK
M
OK
M
90
OK
00
OK
•9
•9
f
09
OK
a
oo
0
0
1
OK
09
19
•9
OK
00
00
09
80
70
4
19
<9
0
OK
OK
OK
OK
0
99
09
170
OK
293 N
19000
1000 N
MOO Oy^«nt>.M%)
1000
OK
P
P
t N
1 N
1 N
10 N
99 N
MO N
720 N
90000 N
20 Cu(900H»»«.1«).M(25-90K)
1000
100
10 M(29-90K|
0 N
0 N
0 N
1.7 N
OK N
OK N
OK N
OK N
OK N
10 M(0.1-1«|
tO
9.9
N
Obcnlnf d oul-oMM* pradbd* or
OUw nil* pndKfca pracM*
Ckn oil d HOCCM •^pmnl
CtMrmH at pracMi (ojulpniMl
Dncmidnf ef «U-oM«* pradkictt or
Motor MMd>(Mrti*ndicc*«oilM
PHIflQ MM pOnNft^nHMI COOTflf Vw MWOMfVI>,OIWUnCV Mo
SRM| wnw Hnnviraon
Rxdlv* or poVimliAlt ergnto
Otor pot cenM or *•«• Imttmrt piac
Drnlxlng
FMjM if Hum
Smfcondudof* end nkM «Mew
Stnfeonducton ind i»bl«< dwfc-
Oigmlc U»n. nonoHute*
M OK
79 OK
100 NA
Me 100 0
too o
70 90
NA NA
00 0
9 00
0
14700
too
(9
0
IS
t
700000
OK N
90803 Sodium qrMtto(MOK|
170
0 N
0 N
20 N
-------
Table D-3 (continued)
WASTE OE8CR1ITIOM
•OUHCC OF WASTE GENERATION
•WSTRUIDESCBPTIOM
60UM
WATER CVANOE
P4
CONSTTTUENTS PRESENT x PERCENTAGE IEVEIJ
Ebckank enrpenMMk
ftl^c «m% Bo»iMMo4e
OtMfcfcM.MM.tlMc
ON
M
8p«*«>M
t/btt. ItS. %p» «hc.
et *ef»a» nfakm
•Ml •*» M< nhNtf predue»
SMdrawriraMwIpraduc*
Itod «b* nd ntaMd prafae*
IS
1*
DK
70
S
I
NA
t
10
NA
I
M
M
900
TOO
10
10
10
10
10
10
MOO
iOOOO
fOOOO
toooo
80000
CynMi.pOmj.uOm)
N(01-1HJ
•.8USP6NOCOBOID8
DK.OONTKNOW
N-NONEU8TED
m.NOTAV/ULABU
P. PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPAtMt
O
i
oo
-------
2854g
Table D-4 Waste Characterization for D003 Explosives Subcategory
Type of vaste
PEP
Waste Propel lant
Off-Spec TNT
Constituents
Nitroguanidine
Nitroglycerin
Nitrocellulose
Ethyl Central Ite
TNT
OUT
AluiinuB Ponder
Nitrocellulose
Nitroglycerin
Ethyl Central Ite
2.4.6-TNT
Various isoaers of TNT
Isoiers of DNT
General or
typical
concentration
or aBBunt
SOX
20X
20X
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
75-80X
17-2ZX
Trace
90-98X
Trace
Trace
T*BA0*A
Counts
0003
0003
0003
D003
0003
0003
0003
0003
0003
0003
0003
0003
0003
nnni
Reference: Department of the Amy 1984.
D-9
-------
Table D-5 Characterization Data for D003 Explosives Subcategory
WASTE DESCRHTKJN
tOUnCC OF WASTE OEN0MTKM
MDUBTMAl KSCIVPTKM
PERCENT PERCENT
SOtPS WATER
oncRcoNsnTUENra
CenenMtdelipM or dbcarittf product Owi (rial enow 09*mnl
Dhe.da1l-tp«c> "
dMrfdM
UbpoduolaiMioi*/
OtwrpraoMi
OdwpraeM*
Surfed •palMon •)«• •*•<«•
Arniuttan. •raol to Ml mm. Me
E^M«M
AiiMMiMBB. •». tor mol «nn».
AftwimMon, MC. tofvnniniM
AmnuNan wnpl hr •!•!
CtMnfcil pnp, ntcimiunMta «apl to
Otiw «•*• pndxfcn prae*M
—
OvMf pfOOMB
DhOTfef d aiM 4M> ctontab
SO 10
P P
« 1
NA
1
1
1*
1
OK
OK
DK
N
N
N
OdwpmeMi
ClMn out el pmeM* (q^pmihl
Otiw «m* pradidh* B
OK
ta
M
4
P
NA
N
N
N
N
O OtMTIMCtM
ClHn out d BIOOM* oo^mnl
OtNtMl*
ssixis
Ortnmc* tat me mnitn. ttt
AmnuMan, ••0^4 fcf MM! vn^ MB
RMdlworDi%n
WIM pfOOUCMft
pl to
O*M(
Otwr «•«•
AmnuMan. «. hr md •
AtmuNen. M to «md «n», me
Cbw out ol pm>« (^pnvnl
Mwrpraom
DracvdhiQ of On-^w
Otm ml* aradidkn prann
Otwr •«!• preduden pncM*
aukM iriMOM Mtf
DK
DK
100
P
SI
P
100
M
too
NA
NP N
NA
NA
DK
NA
0
0
•7
S
I
NA N
at N
10
NA
90
0
0
OK
^
N
N
N
N
0
W
0
« N
P N
NA N
0 N
1
NO N
S N
0 N
NA N
•(OMX)
EpmprapuWonuriliinrfpM
N
N
DK.DONTKNOW
N.NONE
NA-NOTAVA&ABIE
P.PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPA 1M«*
-------
Table D-6 Characterization Data for 0003 Water Reactives Subcategory
WASTE DE8CRPTON MURCC OF WASTE GENERATION MDUSTRML DE8CRPTON PERCENT PERCENT
_ SIXOS WATER
Otmifiaamt Uolo»v«Hcl*p«1t«nd«DC»«a^uluinot)y»««iui*y b*ml». dty and w« NA NA
OhwwMttptDdudtMpracMi Rate and lvcomnunlmlen«m»mrt 09 NA
EhctnxttdcpiM^iKltan Btgufarton. rtrtilaiMloii el tuMpetudon 90 to
HMlK*.l»«ierMrap Ubo»Mon>»«*M OK BO DK
Btenrfuedon Pttiwy(MB«rtM.*y«nd«m NA NA
8k*Mtfuc«on PrimybtttriMidnrwdiNl NA NA
StMMducdon Pikmvb«Mri«*|r«idfMl NA NA
Stenducdan HiiiaUl tnd t***firmt Uxntori^ 100 0
Skgranxxnl OiqrkenlounMM 100 0
Ony km toundriM 100 DK
Prim«yimMpradMM.iwe 100 0
(ndu*tiWk»9Mlod<«nate,mo BB 0
Skqrtmonl lndiii*Ulln«>iiraduclioiclMn«B* Pi«mnrtaMriw*y*n«iM NA NA
OK.DONTKNOW
MA.NOTAVAJLABU
REFERENCE : UBCPA tfM*
-------
Table D-7 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Sulfide Subcategory
SOLOS WATER SUlflDE
WASTE DESCRIPTION 8OLBCE OF WASTE GENERATOR INDUSTRIAL OESCflgTJOH (K| & ££» CONSTITUENTS PRESENT UPERCENTAOt LEVELS
Addc«»Meu««iMM EbctapMno Camm*tdilpiMiig.orMii* 2 00 100
AqMoiit *Mli «Mi McOM utUM OactnlrtoftfMdbiMRlrtait PMahumMMnf OK 00 4WW
--• •' ' MMWhagrtcdNiriatMe 10 00 10000 N
PttohumnMnf |f) 00 7100 N
haigwk*rj*ou«iMc*oM l*«h*r taring *n)M*Nn SfO OS 4000 N
DMMon ft tadautai PMrobumnMnf t 00 2SOO N
Fl»«n«MuOuilnfen Ptfrobum raMnf 10 IS 1270 N
CtMuradpmcMoqUpimrt MMWInaiginicctmitafciMo 0 M S N
ClMnoulelpioam*qulpfnM MMOMagMfccteflfcahMe t . OS N* Cuten dhuM*(0.1-1«|
1 00 10000 H2Sf0.1-IK|
10 00 0000 N
OVMf MM pMOm^Ofl plOCMB PMMHMI fMRHM 0-4 99 SB/9
SotMXMiracfcn PMehumnMM 12 OS SOD WS(SOOppnv« 1%)
OfwrpntM* EbekDnleeoinpilno«»4MW* DK OK 10 N
niicHiiftintiMliiimipniartu brfM*Weig«fccliMito^MC DK DK S N
» Cttun a* *tm»m •*&«** PMakumntnhio P OS 1270 N
l*p«*icil<*)rt»nfc*ort» UbonkxymtM RMMirtl«nJJi.ih»iimilMiuiMu CbMoulolpiaeMi«9«pflw« MMlWais«ifccl>Mi4afcMc Ml 01 N
DbcMdbioeleulcildMtpratfuikiwdMiric* CfcSeaudMiirfliMnniUM 00 DK 10000 dflaUW 1-1*).Ci«»>il>pn>duc«o«pnoM PMchumralfllno tt 0 1000 N(1-10KLV(104M)
D^m«lntrio«M*nl •••*»"• * *t 100 N
OtwimMDoMuMdoiowleMM Otw«wl>pnduc«MpmcMi
OtfMreigMfcfrv'M Fli»OM»|
OtfM>iMe*y««MclMnitaNn( 00 20 0 8t><0.1-1«|.Cu(900pfn»«1«lZii(1-10K)
RMln. ura or Mnr djtfg*
Sofl eantmtMtod i«i biwvwl
Spcrt cuvon
OtMrcbmamerdnuivpiecM* BteMlumraMdMMlirA
aenV dMnvel^I'MUM. PtkcbumnMiv
Chwiculeipmcnxqut"1*1* P«*ohum rtintnj
8°^"!™<*" P-rotam,™!*!
«
•1
too
OK
to
DK
o
14
0
DK
1
OS
« N
20000 HZ8(t-10%l
200 Cmah(MOK)
4307 H>S(0.1-1%)
000 N
10 N
«%(. H2SP.1-I%)
•.SUSPENDED SOLOS
DK.DONTKNOW
N-NONE LISTED
NA. NOT AVAILABLE
P. PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPA IOU»
-------
Table D-8 Characterization Data for D003 Other Reactives Subcategory
WASTE DE9CRPTKM
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
MOUSTRIAL OESCHFTON
PERCENT PERCENT
SOLOS WATER
Otw Mta0trat*d ngnto MM
OMO out el proem •qutrart
MaMri organic cteRfcrtt. rue, •grtoutu
AbiMlMi pfoduomiiic. piMdDi prortiKH|
lchtnfeik.1
um and corf pnd. n*c
VMWMll Of Quite CfNRIBMB, MO
InduMfW orQMite ctMfffcsb, MC
NA
OK
OK
2
1
0
OK
0
0
0
SH DOnOffWOI fMlOQMUIIon 00wMRVOfQWIIC(
MuNWorgmte
DK-DONTKNOW
NA-NOTAVA&ABLE
REFERENCE :USEPAti
-------
APPENDIX E
DEFINITIONS OF FORBIDDEN EXPLOSIVE,
CLASS A EXPLOSIVE, AND CLASS B
EXPLOSIVE ACCORDING TO 49 CFR
-------
Forbidden explosives include the following:
1. Explosive compounds, mixtures, or devices that ignite
spontaneously or undergo marked decomposition when subjected to a
temperature of 167CF (75°C) for 48 consecutive hours.
2. New explosive compounds, mixtures, or devices except as provided
for in §173.86.
3. Explosive mixtures or devices containing an ammonium salt and a
chlorate.
4. Explosive mixtures or devices containing an acidic metal salt and
a chlorate.
5. Leaking or damaged packages of explosives.
6. Nitroglycerin, diethylene glycol dinitrate, or other liquid
explosives not authorized by §173.53(e).
7. Loaded firearms.
8. Fireworks that combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting
cap.
9. Fireworks containing yellow or white phosphorus.
10. Toy torpedoes, the maximum outside dimension of which exceeds
7/8-inch, or toy torpedoes containing a mixture of potassium
chlorate, black antimony, and sulfur, with an average weight of
explosive composition in each torpedo exceeding four grains.
Class A explosives include the following:
(a) Type 1. Solid explosives that can be caused to deflagrate by
contact with sparks or flame such as are produced by a safety fuse
or an electric squib, but cannot be detonated (see Note 1) by
means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2). Example: Black
powder and low explosives.
(b) Type 2. Solid explosives that contain a liquid explosive
ingredient, and which, when unconfined (see Note 3), can be
detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); or
which can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the
Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4) under a drop
of 4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded in more than
50 percent of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches.
Example: High explosives, commercial dynamite containing a liquid
explosive ingredient.
E-l
3073g
-------
(c) Type 3. Solid explosives that contain no liquid explosive
ingredient and which can be detonated, when unconfined (see Note
3), by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); or which
can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the Bureau
of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4) under a drop of
4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded in more than 50 percent
of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches. Example: High
explosives, commercial dynamite containing no liquid explosive
ingredient, trinitrotoluene, amatol, tetryl, picric acid, urea
nitrate, pentolite, and commercial boosters.
(d) Type 4. Solid explosives that can be caused to detonate when
unconfined (see Note 3), by contact with sparks or flame such as
are produced by a safety fuse or an electric squib; or which can
be exploded in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see
Note 4), in more than 50 percent of the trials under a drop of
less than 4 inches. Example: Initiating and priming explosives,
lead azide, fulminate of mercury, etc., and high explosives.
(e) Type 5. Desensitized liquid explosives that can be detonated
separately or when absorbed in sterile absorbent cotton, by a
No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); but which cannot be exploded
in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4), by a
drop of less than 10 inches. The desensitizer must not be
significantly more volatile than nitroglycerine, and the
desensitized explosive must not freeze at temperatures above minus
°F. Example: High explosives, desensitized nitroglycerine.
(f) Type 6. Liquid explosives that can be exploded in the Bureau
of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4), under a drop of less
than 10 inches. Example: Nitroglycerin. (See § 173.51(a)(3).)
(g) Type 7. An initiating device that is a metal or plastic casing
containing initiating or priming explosives, Class A-Type 4, either
with or without other explosives. It is activated by any one of
several means, including an electrical pulse, a flame, a shock or
detonation wave, mechanical impact (percussion) pressurized gas, or a
high intensity light beam. It produces an explosive output that may be
used to initiate another explosive or to perform work. A time delay
may be incorporated in the means of applying the stimulus or in the
initiating device itself.
(1) A detonator (see Note 5) is an initiating device (other than one
properly described as a detonating fuze) that contains no more than
10 grams of total explosives weight, excluding ignition and delay
charges per unit. The different kinds of detonators include the
following:
E-2
3073g
-------
• Blasting caps that are activated by a safety fuse.
• Blasting caps that are percussion activated.
• Blasting caps that are activated by flexible detonating cord,
including:
(A) Delay connectors in plastic sheaths, which consist of a plastic
sleeve that contains a suitable delay system with receptor and
donor explosive charges in the center portion. Each end of the
sleeve is made so that flexible detonating cord can be inserted
into and locked to the connector.
(B) Delay connectors in metal tubes, which consist of a system with
a receptor and donor charge positioned between two detonators,
with the entire assembly placed in a metal tube having both ends
open for the insertion of flexible detonating cord.
(C) Delay connectors with detonating cord pigtails, which consist of
delay connectors as described in paragraph (g)(1)(iii)(B) of
this section that have short lengths of detonating cord inserted
into both ends and crimped in place.
(D) Nonelectric instantaneous and delay caps, which consist of
blasting caps to which is assembled a length of detonating cord
that may have a transfer explosive charge at the opposite end.
• Blasting caps that are activated by gas pressurization or
reaction.
• Blasting caps that are activated by a shock tube.
• Electric blasting caps that are activated by an electric
current.
(2) A detonating primer (see Note 6) is an initiation device for
commercial use that contains more than 10 grams of total
explosives weight, excluding ignition and delay charges per unit.
(3) Detonating fuzes, Class A, are used in the military service to
detonate the high explosive bursting charges of projectiles,
mines, bombs, torpedoes, and grenades. In addition to a
powerful detonator, they may contain several ounces of a high
explosive, such as tetryl or dry nitrocellulose, all assembled
in a heavy steel envelope. They may also contain a small amount
of radioactive component. Those that are made and packed so
that they will not cause functioning of other fuzes, explosives,
or explosive devices in the same or adjacent containers are
classed as Class C explosives.
E-3
3073g
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(h) Type 8. Any device or solid or liquid compound or mixture
that is not specifically included in any of the above types, and
which under special conditions may be so designated and examined
by the Bureau of Explosives or the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and approved by the Director, OHMT.
Example: Shaped charges, commercial.
(1) A shaped charge, commercial, consists of a plastic, paper, or
other suitable container composed of a charge of not to
exceed 8 ounces of a high explosive containing no liquid
explosive ingredient and with a hollowed-out portion (cavity)
lined with a rigid material. Detonators or other initiating
elements may not be assembled in the device unless examined
by the Bureau of Explosives and approved by the Director,
OHMT.
(i) Ammunition for cannon. Ammunition for cannon is fixed,
semifixed, or separate loading ammunition that is fired from a
cannon, mortar, gun howitzer, or recoilless rifle.
(j) Ammunition for cannon with projectiles. Ammunition for
cannon with explosive projectiles, gas projectiles, smoke
projectiles, incendiary projectiles, illuminating projectiles, or
shell is fixed ammunition assembled in a unit consisting of the
cartridge case containing the propelling charge and primer, and
the projectiles, or shell, fuzed or unfuzed. Detonating fuzes,
tracer fuzes, explosive or ignition devices, or fuze parts with
explosives contained therein may not be assembled in ammunition or
included in the same outside package unless shipped by or for the
Department of Defense (DOD) and in accordance with established
practices and procedures specified by DOD.
(k) Explosive projectiles. Explosive projectiles are shells,
projectiles, warheads, or rocket heads, loaded with explosives or
bursting charges, with or without other materials, for use in
cannons, guns, tubes, mortars, or other firing or launching
devices.
(1) Grenades. Grenades, hand or rifle, are small metal or other
containers designed to be thrown by hand or projected from a
rifle. They are filled with an explosive or a liquid, gas, or
solid material such as a toxic or tear gas or an incendiary or
smoke producing material and a bursting charge. When shipped
without explosives or bursting charges, see §§ 173.100(6),
173,330, 173.350, and 173.385.
(m) Explosive bombs. Explosive bombs are metal or other
containers filled with explosives. They are used in warfare and
include aeroplane bombs and depth bombs.
E-4
3073g
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(n) Explosive mines. Explosive mines are metal or composition
containers filled with a high explosive.
(o) Explosive torpedoes. Explosive torpedoes, such as are used
in warfare, are metal devices containing a means of propulsion and
a quantity of high explosives.
(p) Rocket ammunition. Rocket ammunition (including guided
missiles) is ammunition designed for launching from a tube,
launcher, rails, trough, or other launching device, in which the
propellant material is a solid propellant explosive. It consists
of an igniter, rocket motor, and projectile (warhead) either fuzed
or unfuzed, containing high explosives or chemicals. Rocket
ammunition may be shipped completely assembled or may be shipped
unassembled in one outside container.
(q) Ammunition for small arms with explosive projectiles or
incendiary projectiles. Ammunition for small arms with explosive
projectiles and ammunition for small arms with incendiary
projectiles is fixed ammunition of caliber 20 millimeters to be
used in machine guns or cannons, and consists of a metallic
cartridge case, the primer and the propelling charge, with
explosive projectile or incendiary projectile with or without
detonating fuze; the component parts necessary for one firing
being all in one assembly. Detonating fuzes, tracer fuzes,
explosive or ignition devices, or fuze parts with explosives
contained therein must not be assembled in ammunition or included
in the same outside package unless shipped by, for, or to the
Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force of the U.S.
Government or unless of a type approved by the Department.
(r) Chemical ammunition. Chemical ammunition used in warfare is
all kinds of explosive chemical projectiles, shells, bombs,
grenades, etc., loaded with toxic, tear, or other gas, smoke or
incendiary agent; also such miscellaneous apparatus as cloud-gas
cylinders, smoke generators, etc., that may be utilized to project
chemicals.
(s) Boosters, bursters, and supplementary charges. Boosters and
supplementary charges consist of a casing containing a high
explosive and are used to increase the intensity of an explosion
of the detonator of a detonating fuze. Bursters consist of a
casing containing a high explosive and are used to rupture a
projectile or bomb to permit release of its contents.
(t) Jet thrust units (jato), Class A explosives; rocket motors,
class A explosives; igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class A
explosives; and igniters, rocket motor, Class A explosives.
E-5
3073g
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(1) Jet thrust units (jato), class A explosives, are metal
cylinders containing a mixture of chemicals capable of
burning rapidly and producing considerable pressure. Under
certain conditions, the chemical fuel with which the unit is
loaded may explode. Jet thrust units are designed to be
ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist
aeroplanes to take off.
(2) Rocket motor, Class A explosives, is a device containing a
propelling charge and consisting of one or more continuous
type combustion unit(s) closed at one end (closure may be an
igniter with a thrust plate) and with a nozzle(s) at the
other end. (The rocket motor carries its own solid
oxidizer-fuel combination.) The propelling charge consists
of a mixture of chemicals and/or chemical compounds which,
when ignited, is capable of burning rapidly and producing
considerable pressure and which will sustain a detonation.
Rocket motors, Class A explosives, should be nonpropulsive in
shipment (see paragraphs (t)(2)(i) and (ii) of this
section). Rocket motors, Class A explosives, are designed to
be ignited by an electrically actuated device that may be an
igniter, or by other means. They are used to propel and/or
provide thrust for guided missiles, rockets, or spacecraft.
(i) A rocket motor to be considered "nonpropulsive" must be
capable of unrestrained burning and will not move appreciably
in any direction when ignited by any means. Blast
deflectors, thrust neutralizers, or other similar devices
must be proven adequate by test prior to authorization for
use.
(ii) Rocket motors, Class A explosives, may be shipped in a
propulsive state only under conditions approved by the
Department of Defense.
(3) Igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class A explosives, and
igniters, rocket motors, Class A explosives, are devices
consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled
ignition element and a charge of fast-burning composition
meeting the definition prescribed for Type 1 Class A
explosives (see paragraph (a) of this section), assembled in
a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet
thrust units or rocket motors.
(u) Charged well casing jet perforating guns. Charged well
casing jet perforating guns are steel tubes or metallic strips
into which are inserted shaped charges connected in series by
E-6
3073g
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primacord. Shaped charges must be of a type described in
paragraph (h)(l) of this section, except that each shaped charge
installed in the steel tube or metallic strip shall contain not
over 4 ounces of high explosive. Charged well casing jet
perforating guns must not be transported with blasting caps,
electric blasting caps, or other firing devices affixed to or
installed in the guns.
(v) Type 9. Propellant explosives, Class A, are solid chemicals
or solid chemical mixtures that are designed to function by rapid
combustion of successive layers, generally with little or no
smoke. The combustion is controlled by composition, size, and
form of grain. Propellant explosives, Class A, include some types
of smokeless powder and some types of solid propellant explosives
for jet thrust units, rockets, or other devices. Any propellant
explosive is Class A which detonates in any one out of five trials
when tested in the packages in which it is offered for
transportation. In conducting the test, one propellant container
shall be surrounded by inert loaded containers of the same weight,
including one inert container placed on top of the propellant
container. The propellant shall be ignited by means of a
commercial electric squib placed within 4 inches of the bottom of
the container. The presence of a crater and absence of flame
shall be considered as evidences of detonation.
(w) Detonating cord is a device consisting of a core of
pentaerythrite tetranitrate, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, or
similar explosive overspun with tapes, yarns, and plastics or
waterproofing compounds without wire countering.
Bote 1: The detonation test is performed by placing the sample in an open-end fiber tuba
that is set on the end of a lead block approximately 1-1/2 inches in diameter and
4 inches hish, which, in turn, is placed on a solid base. A steel plate may be
placed between the fiber tube and the lead block.
Rote 2: A Ho. B test blasting cap is one containing 2 grams of a mixture of 80 percent
mercury fulminate and 20 percent potassium chlorate, or a cap of equivalent
strength.
Hote 3: "Unconfined," as used in this section, does not exclude the use of a paper or
soft fiber tube wrapping to facilitate tests.
Hote 4: The Bureau of Explosives Impact Apparatus is a testing device designed so that ti
guided 8-pound weight may be dropped from predetermined heights so ac to impact
specific quantities of liquid or solid materials under fixed conditions.
Detailed prints may be obtained from the Bureau of Explosives, 1920 L Street,
H.H.. Washington. D.C. 20036.
E-7
3073g
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Hote S: See § 173.100(ss) for criteria that determine whether a particular type of
detonator can be classed as a Class C explosive.
Hote 6: See § 173.100(hh) for criteria that determine whether a particular type of
detonating primer can be classed as a Class C explosive.
Class B explosives include the following:
§ 173.87 Explosives in mixed packaging.
Unless specifically authorized by Parts 110-189 of this subchapter,
explosives may not be packed in the same outside packaging with other
articles. Inside packages of different explosives (except detonators and
initiating explosives) may be packed in one outside packaging in
accordance with the requirements of this subchapter if the gross weight
of each inside package does not exceed 8 ounces and the gross weight of
the completed package does not exceed 50 pounds.
(a) Explosives, Class B, are defined as those explosives that in
general function by rapid combustion rather than detonation and
include some explosive devices such as special fireworks, flash
powders, some pyrotechnic signal devices, and liquid or solid
propellant explosives, which include some smokeless powders. These
explosives are further described in paragraphs (b) to (g) of this
section.
(b) Ammunition for cannon with empty projectiles, inert-loaded
projectiles, solid projectiles or without projectiles, or shell, and
catapult charges exceeding 2 inches in diameter, is fixed ammunition
assembled in a unit consisting of the cartridge case containing the
propelling charge and primer with empty, inert-loaded, or solid
projectiles, or without projectiles, which is fired from a cannon,
mortar, gun, howitzer, or recoilless rifle.
(c) Rocket ammunition is fixed ammunition that is fired from a tube,
launcher, rails, trough, or other device as distinguished from cannon
ammunition, which is fired from a cannon, gun, or mortar. It
consists of an igniter, a rocket motor, empty projectile, an
inert-loaded projectile, or a solid projectile.
E-8
3073g
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(d) Special fireworks are manufactured articles designed primarily
for the purpose of producing visible or audible pyrotechnic effects
by combustion or explosion. (See §173.100(r) for common
fireworks.) Examples are toy torpedoes, railway torpedoes, some
firecrackers and salutes, exhibition display pieces, aeroplane
flares, illuminating projectiles, incendiary projectiles, incendiary
bombs or incendiary grenades, and smoke projectiles or smoke bombs
fuzed or unfuzed and containing expelling charges but without
bursting charges, flash powders in inner units not exceeding 2 ounces
each, flash sheets in interior packages, flash powder or spreader
cartridges containing not over 72 grains of flash powder each (see
§ 173.60 for shipments made as low explosives) and flash
cartridges consisting of a paper cartridge shell, small-arms primer,
and flash composition, not exceeding 180 grains all assembled in one
piece. Fireworks must be in a finished state, exclusive of mere
ornamentation, as supplied to the retail trade and must be so
constructed and packed that loose pyrotechnic composition will not be
present in packages in transportation.
(e) Jet thrust units (jato), Class B explosives; rocket motors,
Class B explosives; igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class B explosives;
and igniters, rocket motors, Class B explosives:
(1) Jet thrust units (jato), Class B explosives, are metal cylinders
containing a mixture of chemicals capable of burning rapidly and
producing considerable pressure. Jet thrust units are designed
to be ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist
aeroplanes to take off.
(2) Rocket motor, Class B explosives, is a device containing a
propelling charge and consisting of one or more continuous type
combustion unit(s), closed at one end (closure may be an igniter
with a thrust plate) and with a nozzle(s) at the other end. The
propelling charge consists of a mixture of chemicals and/or
chemical compounds which when ignited is capable of burning
rapidly and producing considerable pressure and which will not
sustain a detonation. (The rocket motor carries its own solid
oxidizer-fuel combination.) Rocket motors, Class B explosives,
should be nonpropulsive in shipment (see paragraphs (e)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section). Rocket motors, Class B explosives,
are designed to be ignited by an electrically actuated device
that may be an igniter, or by other means. They are used to
propel and/or provide thrust for guided missiles, rockets, or
spacecraft.
E-9
3073R
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(i) A rocket motor to be considered "nonpropulsive" must be
capable of unrestrained burning and will not move appreciably
in any direction when ignited by any means. Blast
deflectors, thrust neutralizers, or other similar devices
must be proven by test prior to authorization for use.
(ii) Rocket motors, Class B explosives, may be shipped in a
propulsive state only under conditions approved by the
Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
(3) Igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class B explosives, and
igniters, rocket motor, Class B explosives, are devices
consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled
ignition element and a fast burning composition which
functions by rapid burning rather than detonation, assembled
in a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet
thrust units, rocket motors, or rocket engines.
(f) Propellant explosives, Class B, are solid or liquid chemicals or
chemical mixtures that function by combustion. The combustion is
controlled by composition, size, form of grain, or other chemical or
mechanical means. Any propellant is Class B that fails to detonate
in five trials when tested (see Note 2) in the package in which it is
offered for shipment. Propellant explosives, Class B, include
smokeless powder for small arms (see Note 4), smokeless powder for
cannon, liquid monopropellant fuel (see Note 3), smokeless powder, or
solid propellant explosives for rockets, jet thrust units, or other
devices. Black powder is not included in this classification and is
defined specifically in §173.53.
(g) Explosives power devices, Class B, are devices designed to
operate ejecting apparatus or other mechanisms by means of a
propellant explosive, Class B, and differ from explosive power
devices, Class C, in that they contain larger or more powerful
propellants. The devices must not rupture on functioning and must be
of a type examined by the Bureau of Explosives and approved by the
Director, OHMT, except as otherwise provided in §173.51(b) and
§173.86(a).
•ote 1: Fire-extinguisher charges containing not to exceed SO grains of propellant
explosives per unit are exempt from the regulations in Parts 170-189 of this
chapter.
Hote 2: In conducting the test, one propellant container shall be surrounded by inert
loaded containers of the some weight, including one inert container placed on top
of the propellant container. The propellant shall be ignited by neons of a
comnercial electric squib placed within * inches of the bottom of the container.
The presence of a crater and absence of flame shall be considered as evidences of
detonation.
E-10
3073g
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Hote 3: A liquid monopropellont fuel is defined as any propellant in wbicb the fuel and
the oxidicer are physically or chemically combined in one form.
Hole 4: Smokeless ponder for small onus in quantities not to exceed 100 pounds net weifiht
in one car or motor vehicle, except shipments by, for, or to the Department of
the Army, Havy, or Air Force of the United States Government, shall be classed as
a flammable solid for purposes of transportation when packaged in accordance with
§ 173.197a.
(h) Starter cartridges, jet engine, Class B explosives, consist of
plastic and/or rubber cases, each containing a pressed cylindrical
block of propellant explosive and having in the top of the case a
small compartment that encloses an electrical squib, small amounts of
black powder, and smokeless powder, which constitutes an igniter.
The starter cartridge is used to activate a mechanical starter for
jet engines.
(i) Rocket engine (liquid), Class B explosives, is a complete,
self-contained rocket propulsion unit that contains an oxidizer and a
fuel, each separated by an aluminum or stainless steel wall of not
less than 0.250-inch thickness. Double walls are permitted.
Pressurization of the propellant tanks is by use of a gas gtsnerator.
The ignition source must be in an unarmed position for shipment.
Rocket engines (liquid) are used to propel or provide thrust: for
rockets, missiles, or spacecraft.
E-ll
3073g
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APPENDIX F
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA
FOR D003 CYANIDE WASTES
-------
Comparison of Raw Waste Cyanide and Iron Content on Treated Non-wastewater Cyanide Concentration
for D003 vs. Listed Electropating Waste Codes
Feb. 12 to Mar. 26, 1989
D003 and Electroplating Code
Typical July 24 to Oct. 30, 1989 D003
Cyanide Waste Batch Treatments
Cyanide Batch Treatments
EPA
Waste
Code
F006
F007
F008
F009
0003
Vol.% of
Total
Batch
4.5
15.9
1.7
21.7
15.3
Total
Vol.%
59.1%
Avg. Treated
Filter Cake
at 44 Wt.% Solids
Untreated Waste
Composition
Avg. T-CN
mg/Kg
263
23,585
16,906
32,787
49,950
Volume
Weighted
Avg. T-CN
mg/Kg
18,519
T-CN
mg/Kg
298
Avg. T-Fe
mg/Kg
12,965
613
12,535
13,019
6,692
Volume
Weighted
Avg. T-Fe
mg/Kg
4,742
T-Fe
mg/Kg
50,000
Avg.
Vol.% of
Total
Batch
11
6
36.4
6.5
26
27.3
8.5
34,5
45.5
Mean 22.4
Waste
Stream
I.D.
Number
4,078
11,036
9,505
11,415
3,049
11,798
11,094
3,047
1,556
_ — _
Untreated Waste
Composition
T-CN
mg/Kg
5,455
150,000
85,294
17,500
10,277
20,227
34,821
10,833
12,667
38,558
T-Fe
mg/Kg
4,170
1,000
1,414
36,250
2,530
91
12,500
6,250
675
7,209
Treated
Filter Cake
T-CN
mg/Kg
438
516
469
371
281
436
342
500
529
431
CN(A)
mg/Kg
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
29.0
<1.0
<1.0
<4.0
-------
UNTREATED D003 WASTES RECEIVED
DATE TREATED WASTE DESCRIPTION
MONTH D/»y EPA I.R VOL. PHYSICAL -T-CN -T-*Fe
CO PC? NO- GAL. g-TA-rg »"3/K>
FE6- J2. D003 3137 110 POWOCR 111,3*4 H,OOO
... .... .__L6 _________ D.OC3_3S7S-3l35-Fi'JtilSoJi*J_6,IOC 7,5OO
/7 D003 .2S53 /375 "VolTos6 I7VW 2*655
n D003 ^a/S" 55 D/«Y SotiD l.ooo 10,300
.. --------- ._.../ 8
D003
D003 1556 ^57B UQwo 3,134
MAR. "--5
/7 D003 ^/7*/ HO LIQUIP -7^5V5 55O
iq D003 t#c?o? S5 SOUDS
------ DO03 — mi"] ___ 9?0-P«yOU5T
D003 1600 5000 UQ(JID 3^4-0
Doo3 qV66 5^55 CLC^R u ]/ «f/S 715 SOUP I7,5OO
J.I D003 3o4«i S96O Cf?YST-
.26 P003 II7?*/ 3PP
-------
vvxsre CODE o>HpfUsiM£ PATCH |?uiO AMD
1=bl*.
/7.8
— — al.5
RUN
MO.
1
3
3
4
sr
7
8
9
10
ii
ia
13
1eAh
F006 F007 FOC8
I3.3 I.I
— 77 —
I6.2 II.4? —
1 3-^ 48-H 3-*?
6. 1 11-1 —
J. ^ i /• *l
3-3; 37.5" —
5.5 -PP. 5 33
B-S 13.7 3-0
3.1 5.5 —
- 5.1 -
c. ^ c /*
— b. -I J>b
"~ 6.3 5-6
4.53 J5."9/K3 T-C*4
1 . 1 ; c/« o c/ «
'
-i i<
1
( '
i . 1
'i i
i ! '
i
! .r.
i 3.1 C.
1 1
y.o c
—
— i
3.3 10.
- 10.
— ~~
^ *
T
).*? —
?•? —
B —
5
:> — Sol
H — 3/S
3 5.3 338
5. ^/ 3,56
*S¥
1 53
— 338
— 573
s.tf.
-------
APPENDIX G
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION, INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS,
AND ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH
WASTES CONTAINING P AND U
REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
-------
TABLE G-l CHEMICAL STRUCTURES FOR REACTIVE P AND U
LISTING CONSTITUENTS
Waste code
Chemical
constituent
Structure
Molecular
weight
P006
POOS
P015
P056
P068
P073
P081
P087
P096
P105
Aluminum phosphide
Ammonium picrate
Beryllium dust
Fluorine
Methyl hydrazine
Nickel earbonyl
Nltroglyeerin
Osmium tetroxide
Phosphlne
Sodium azide
Al—P
NQzs^ON^
H
I
CH3—N—NH2
C
D
:C=NI=C=O
D
c
n
o
CH2—ONOj
I
CH—'ONOa
CH2—
V"
H
Na— N— NBN
58.0
246.1
9.0
38.0
46.1
170.7
227.1
254.2
34.0
65.0
G-l
-------
TABLE G-l (CONTINUED)
Waste code
Chemical
constituent
Structure
Molecular
weight
P112
P122/U249
U023
U086
Tetranitromethane
Zinc Phosphide
Benzotrlchloride
1,2-Dlethylhydrazine
NCfe
2n,P2
CCI,
H H
I I
N—N—
196.0
258.1
195.5
88.2
U096
a.a-Dlmethylbenzyl-
hydroperoxide
CH3—C—O—O—H 152.1
O
U098
U099
1,1-Dlmethylhydrazine
1,2-Dlmethylhydrazine
OH,
— N— NHj
CH,— N—N— CH,
60.1
60.1
U103
U109
Dimethyl Sulfate
Diphenylhydrazine
o
II
CHjO—S—OCH3
II
O
N—NH2
126.1
184.2
G-2
-------
TABLE G-l (CONTINUED)
Waste code
U133
U134
U135
U160
Chemical
constituent
Hydrazine
Hydrogen Fluoride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Structure
HjN— NHj
H— F
H— S
r*U-mj.^_s»^rL__/%-_s»Li
Molecular
weight
32.1
20.1
34.1
88.0
U189 Phosphorus Sulfide P^s 222.3
G-3
-------
WASTE
CODE
WASTE OCSCflPTION
Table 6-2 P and U Wastes Containing Reactive Listing Constituents
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
PERCENT PERCENT
QUANTITY SCUM WATER CONSTITUENTS PRESENT M PERCENTAGE LEVELS
POOO(MIXED)
P01»
P01S
P018
P0t8
POtKMOEDI
P01 ((MIXED
P01 ((MIXED)
P018 rnMMcywUM
MhtdWbi
Dd^lrMkluM
INttf •cotojMnpj' of oorap
Cldw *»/• Mhjtag or ihMiMl MttdMAmM
OtwpnoMt
MkWtUb packs
_.^._
onMkMdtot UfiiAto
|eldMp«emtf«M
OdMf unbMMd
0lndh0 of om-oW«» pradudi or tfwnlafc
QfMf BfOOMi
BbtMducOon
OhcHalni of oul*of*dMMipfoAMli oi olwriMk
SwtMMkig
DHCVQB10 fll On^plO IIHIMH
Pliftlcst KnpkiQ 01 mnMnQdlMli itataf
OuMf IIOfBVND PBUM
Ub picks ddiMianly
OonocnmtM off ^MC Of
fM^M III 1 III ••Malk I^MtMF
proAjoi
producdon praon*
Okartta d auMMM* praducH flr
Mb*dW>packt
L* pMto d cU dMn*ato only
OonoOTtratM oB*opoc Of dhmoiM pfoouol
OvMf fflOttl •flVCnOflBBftii
Odw «nto hargnk dwnfcdi
(MMtaWiMriHk
AMdMnto
idpuNMM*
OonoMtraitd olMpte oc dtacvdvd praduol
DbCOMVlf Ol OUl^rvMt pfOOUdi Of CnORVCAii
ObMdng al auHMMpntfudi or chMtak
Dbeirtno ol aul-ol-dM preduett or dwntak
t*iciaon)»Min>«KK*aeloul-d-dj»»cti«iMK)
BH
N
OKt
OK B*1-tOW|.Pb(1-tOKM*anMM(O.M«|
0
00
Hy*«ftw(l.tOl4
t^OknMhythydriDMtl.tOm
Hydrukw«M)
Oinfcm MmddH»OOK|
OmAjcn
Oni*mMr
«l hrdraikw(1-lOXi.Hydnitit(t.nMt
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M) M«tq4«fiylMoMp«w«i«ai«<>offm
N
-------
WASTE
CODE
WASTE
Table G-2 (continued)
8QUDCCGF WASTE GENERATION
PERCENT PERCENT
QUANTITY 80.03 WATER CONSTITUENTS PRESENT M PERCENTAGE LEVELS
O
Ln
U1J3
UtM
U133(MIXEO)
UIM(MIXEDi
UI33(MIXED)
UtM(MIXED)
UtM(MIXED|
UtM (MIXED!
U1M(MIXEO|
UlMfMIXED)
U133(MIXED)
UIM(MIXED)
U1M(MIXEDJ
UIM (MIXED)
U1M(MIXEO|
UtM
UIM
UIM
UtM
UtM
UIM
UtM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UIM (MDED)
UtM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UIM (MIXED)
UtM (MIXED
UIM (MIXED
UtM (MIXED
UIM (MIXED
UIM (MIXED
U13S
UI39
UIM
UIM
U13S4i«tfM otrOpoc of dojCoVQod pfodud
win MV dMMoVod Od
Olhoraojuoout
Elflpfly Of OTUOnM fTMtkv OfURV Of OOnfflWV
OOm honunfc fauUtauMM MM wth tow
WMO«attrer«ytouiii
So8 uutititMQo tMPi Mfljuirs onlyJInoftjMio |
AddfcaquMMMtf*
A>MWMM«Mh«IMClkM(MpMl«)
Cmr IMCOM wliMiwifcali
OdMf«ganle8quH
i/dbcwltf ef ouMMM* eh*n*a*
if dhcMlna d em-oMM chOThaki
Dhcwdho of outd-AM produ
Mtaf^pft
Othwtdv piOQudton pnxMo
Acdtentf^ttvdbdtvgM
OMO out d PMOM «qutonwM
OffW
OpOV Of OlKIMVOjOB
O DAOUCdOfi pfOOVH/VD
e/wMMM praducto or
Emphr or cruri»4 raUl dnvm or oonudMn
atwruntrMtedwMi*
GUiM I
Otar
IO 0
IT OK
IT 0
81T OX
0 OX
0 M
NO 0
631448T 1
IT 100
I860 0
to o
82 O M
0 NA
IT 100
0 M
Addfcaqu
al*
ObcanftyafdNiMerHtMW
CtturpoMMC '
n contain i
Stflbtnvof hflODMulM oolwmi 01 otfiof ononte tauMi
SpMl«cU«HMulimWi
CMMr 1 or k wutti w dMtribcd
SpMMttirthoulRMiii
•pent •do wflhoul mtdi
Qhorprooooi
OtfMfproooM
^^^^
DbdUlon ond IndtafMtonffioivif onot or oH booomi
NDM
Norn
produclkin
eTeuM-d
Efiyiy flbtf of PIHQO oonMntra
WutMiriw ot •QJUOOUB nnlm
OtMr MM* kmnb ctimfcih
OtrM
Dtacvdkip eTeuM-dM pndudi or ctantab
SlMnl 800 Mtfnul iMttli
C»Wr8TMMMMI«llM
Othw orunlc BquU
N •do wwioul fMttoi
QhorprooMi
w***"1
Enftfy OF onMMd mw oranv ov
MbwIWbpKto
Mbtcdtobpada
iofe«weig«k»
DfciUbuB
rdOniB
Onrdb« ol ol^poe iranrW
QMA out of praooH oau|wnonl
Cap«jr»otpfocooioquyrn»m
UborMory WM
rluo 0M ovodhnDritonMBviof
CuncoiktfitM off-opoo of dbcvood pfodud
Qhof horoMlc lould
Ohof w«m tmpi«.t ch.OTfc^i
Ohor
•
oonbotof v
Ij^ •Ak^MriVt^fe
•jvcnvnicOT
nlpp
jalouNif-dMcfmnMi
OtfMf WHtO
Ohcttdhg orWoMtfo producn or dwnta*
CancMinM dhpce ot
pradud
OOtof
f probbdlon preows
OonttnliijUil tofl of dMrap rHUuv
Ckwmdwrti
too a
4T
40600 a
880 T
raa
12850
887100
3000
6SOO
34000
2B81SO
10800
110
103000
isosa
two
230000
807000 O
IT
iooo a
IT
MOO
1ST
IT
IT
NO
MJST
IT
• T
0
9M220T
IT
IT
stsasa
0
NA
NA
0
OX
OK
P
OK
OK
P
0
P
M
0
P
1
0
I
NA
1
OX
0
M
NO
NO
1
0
OX
OK
0
P
M
0
OK
M
OK
OK
1
0
08
0
85
M
0
II
NA
OK
10
NA
60
87
OX
OK
P
OK
OK
P
M
P
1
M
P
•>
74
M
NA
M
OX
1
t
NO
NO
OK
OK
OK
0
P
OK
ro
HydrMkw(>
Hy*«k*(>M«|
H|dWlM(tO-2M|
N
N
N
Hydraakw^MM)
UMtanel(SOOppnv0.1«|.
N
N
HydragM flua>Wt(2S-60«)
N
N
N
OK
N
N _^».
Hydragtn NuortJ0(2S*00%)
N
HydkoMn 8uortMl*lOiU
N
HydragM «iertta(SOOppm«.1«|
Hy*ogMeuartHMO«)
N
N
Hydragm lluartte(t-tOK).CMonruM
N
N
N
N
N
NO
Hydrogen 8uartto(60appmO.I«)
N
N
N
N
N
N
MORyl OuIJfl M
N
n«f(2S«>K)
OK.DONTKNOW
O.OAUONS
N-NONE LISTED
NA-NOTAVA8JULE
NO. NO DATA
P. PRESENT
T-TONS
REFERENCE: USEPA 1888*
-------
Table G-3 Generation Infonution for Reactive U and P
Wastes According to the 1986 TSDR Survey
Waste code
P006-AliainuB phosphide
P009-Ammonium pi crate
POlS-Berylliin dust
EPA Region State
IV SC
II NY
III NO
VA
IV FL
SC
V OH
VI TX
VIII CO
SIC codes
3731/9711
7301
3764
9711
9199/9711/
3471/3721
3731/9711
3641
3483/2892
3761/3764/
7391/3769
Industry
Ship building and repairing/
National security
Space propulsion units and parts
National security
General goverranent /national
Security/plating and polishing/
Aircraft
Ship building and repairing/
national security
Electric lamps
Ammunition, except for small
am/explosives
Guided nissiles and space
vehicles/space propulsion units
and parts research and development
Volume
0.5T
3.0G
24.06
LOT
LOT
3.0T
LOP
8.0T
660. OG. 18.0T
laboratories/space vehicle equipment
P056-Fliiorine
P068-Nethyl hydrazine
P073-Nickel carfaonyl
IX CA
X HA
II NJ
III OE
V WI
VI NN
III OE
3679/9661/
2999
3629/3B32/
3671/3693
3761
3699
9711/8922/
4911/1541
2869/2833
2800
2800/2869
9661
2800
Electronic components/space
research and technology/petroleun
and coal products
Electrical industrial apparatus/
optical instruments and lenses/
electron tubes, receiving type/
x-ray apparatus and tubes
Guided Missiles and space vehicles
Electrical equipment and supplies
National security/noncommercial
research organizations/electric
services/ industrial buildings and
warehouses
Industrial organic chemicals/
medic ina Is and botanicals
General chemical manufacturing
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
Space research and technology
General chemical manufacturing
LOT
27. OT
LOG
1608.06
LOT
LOT
831.0P
1.06
30.0006
LOP
POBl-Nitroglycerin
G-6
-------
2772g-2
Table G-3 (Continued)
Haste cade EPA Region State
P087-OsBium tetraxide III OE
PA
IV NC
V IL
OH
WI
VI TX
VIII NO
SIC codes
2800
2647/2611
9199
8221/2800/
8071/2833
7391
2800/2869
8062/8071
8221/8062
Industry
General chemical manufacturing
Sanitary paper products/pulp
•ills
General government
Colleges and universities/
general chemical Manufacturing/
•edical laboratories/eedicinnls
and botanicals
Research and development
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
General Medical and surgical
hospitals/Medical laboratories
Colleges and universities/general
•edical and surgical hospitals
Volume
l.SP
l.OP
LOT
161.06
LOG
LOG
64. OP
LOT
P096-Phospnine
P105-Sadium azide
V
VI
I
II
MM
VI
CT
NJ
III
IV
V
VI
NT
OE
PA
NC
OH
VI
NO
8922/9199 Noncommercial research organiza-
t i ons/genera 1 government *
2800/2869 General chemical •anufacturimj/
industrial organic chemicals
2834
2869/2819
2800/2821/
2869/2899
2834
2899/2819/
2834/2831
2800
2899
2800
2833/2379
9199
2879/2B69/
2816/2819
2800/2869
2869/2B92/
8911/3662
Industrial organic chemicals/
industrial organic chemicals
General chasical Manufacturing/
plastic Materials and resins/
industrial organic chasicals/
chemical preparations
Pharmaceutical preparations
Chaiical preparations/industrial
inorganic chemicals/industrial
organic chemicaIs/chemical
preparations
Phanuceutical preparations/
biological products
General chemical •anufacturing
Chaiical preparations
General chemical •anufacturing
Nedicinala and botanicals/
agricultural chemicals
Genera1 government
Agricultural chemicals/
industrial organic chemicals/
inorganic pigments/industrial
inorganic chemicals
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals/
explosives/engineering and
LOG
LOG
LOT
LOT
LOT
LOT
LOT
LOT
LOT
61. OT
2.0G
LOT
10. OP
LOG
LOT
G-7
-------
Table G-3 (Continued)
Waste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volt,
P105-(continued)
architectural services/radio and
TV communication equipment
VI NO 8221/8062 Colleges and universities/ LOT
general Medical and surgical
hospitals
TX 8062/8071 General Bedteal and surgical 77.OP
hospitals/medical laboratories
X UA 9711/8922/ National security/noncommercial 5.OP
4911/1541 research organizations/electric
services/industrial buildings and
warehouses
P112-Tetranitromethane
P122-Zinc phosphide (>10X)
(1023-Benzotrich lor ide
U086-N.N-Diethylhydrazine
UD96-a.a-DiMBthy1(benzyl
BFox 106 j
U099-1.2-DiMBthylhydrazine
U103-Dimethyl sulfate
V
II
0098-1.1-Dimethy Ihydrazine II
II
III
IV
V
OH
NY
VI
NJ
OH
WI
NA
NT
D£
NC
VI
3641 Electric laMps l.OP
2800/2812 General chemical Manufacturing/ 626.OT
2819/2869 alkalies and chlorine/industrial
inorganic chemicals/industrial
organic chaiicals
2800/2869 General chemical Manufacturing/ 1.06
industrial organic chemicals
2899/2819/ CheMical preparations/industrial LOT
2869 inorganic chemicaIs/industrial
organic chemicals
7391 Research and development 1.06
laboratories
2800/2869 General chemical Manufacturing/ 1.06
industrial organic chemicals
42Z6/4959/ Special warehousing and storage/
sanitary services/chemical
preparat ion
7301
2800
9199
2800/2869
General chemical manufacturing
Genera1 government
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
12.06
2.06
LOP
1.06
1.06
G-8
-------
2772g-4
Table G-3 (Continued)
Waste code EPA Region State
U109-1.2-Dipheny1hydrazine V NI
VI
U133-hydrazine ' I CT
MA
II NJ
III OE
IV FL
NC
SC
V OH
VI
VI LA
IX
VIII CO
CO
IX CA
X IM
SIC codes
2869/2879
2800/2869
2834
4226/49S9/
2899
7391
2800
9661
9199
3731
7391
2800/2869
2B69/2843/
2899/2841
2869/2819
8062/8071
9711/3499
3761/3764/
7391/3769
3679/9661/
2999
9711/3731
9711/8922/
4911/1541
Industry
Industrial organic chemicals/
agricultural chemicals
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
Phannceutical preparations
Special warehousing and storage/
sanitary services/chenical
preparations
Research and development
laboratories
General comical manufacturing
Space research and technology
Genera 1 government
Ship building and repairing
Research and development
laboratories
General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals/
surface active agents/chemica 11
preparations/soap and other
detergents
Industrial organic chemicals/
industrial inorganic chemicals
General medical and surgical
hospitals/medical laboratories
National security/fabricated
metal products
Guided missiles and space vehicles/
space propulsion units and parts/
research and development
laboratories/space vehicle
equipment
Electronic components/space
research and technology/
petroleum and coal products
National security/ship building
National security/noncommercial
research organizations/electric
services/ industrial buildings
and warehouses
Volume
5.0T
1.06
2.0T
55.06
1.06
17. OP
18. 5T
1.06
2.0T
5.06
110.06
26.06
4.0T
28. OP
1.06
22. OT
LOT
LOT
446. OP
G-9
-------
Table G-3 (Continued)
Watte code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volt
U134-hydrogen fluoride
IX
III
V
VIII
V
U134-hydrogen fluoride
III
VI
CA 3629/3832 Electrical industrial apparatus/ 41006
3671/3693 Optical instruments and lenses/
electron tubes, receiving type
X-ray apparatus and tubes
3999 Manufacturing industries 57T/35006
3674 Semiconductors and related devices 527T
OE 2800 General chemical manufacturing 8.OP
IN 3674/3651/ Semiconductors and related 44670T
3471/3469 devices/radio and TV receiving
sets/electron tubes, receiving
type/metal stampings
MA 4226/4959 Special warehousing and storage/ 556
2899 Sanitary services/chemical
preparations
MM 2821/2641/ Plastics, materials and resins/ 12656
3861/2851 paper coating and glazing/
photographic equipment and
Supplies/paints and allied
products
NT 2911 Petroleum refining 3.0T
OH 9711/3721 National security/aircraft LOT
7391 research and development 1.06
laboratories
3229/3471 Pressed and blown glass/ 4,800.006
Plating and polishing
3641 Electric lamps LOP
PA 2819/2873 Adhesives and sealants/ 55.06
2869 Nitrogenous fertilizers
Industrial organic chemicals
TX 2869/2821 Industrial organic chemicals/ 15.06
2899 plastics, materials and resins/
Chemical preparations
VA 9711/8922 National security/noncommercial 67.OP
4911/1541 research organizations/electric
services/industrial buildings and
warehouses
VI 2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/ 1.06
industrial organic chemicals
G-10
-------
2772g-6
Table G-3 (Continued)
Waste code
II11T? llitftrmfiMi • iilfirti
uidu~iiyuruyeN su IT ioe
U160-Nethy1 Ethyl ketone
peroxide
U186-1.3-Pentadiene
UlBS-Phosphorus sulfide
UZ49-Zinc phosphide (<10X)
6 • gallons
P - pounds
T - tons
EPA Region
I
III
IV
V
IX
II
IV
V
VI
IX
X
V
VI
VII
X
IX
State
MA
DE
sc
VI
CA
NJ
NT
FL
SC
Ml
LA
CA
UA
IL
TX
NO
UA
CA
SIC codes
3861
2800
3751/9711
2800/2869
2911
2834
2869
9661
3731/9711
2800/2869
3764/3471/
3499/3479
2869
9711/3731
2869/2818/
2819
2869/2821/
2899
2879/2818
3721
9199/2899
Industry
Photographic equipmt and
supplies
General chemical Manufacturing
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts/
national security
General cheaical Manufacturing/
industrial organic cheaicals
Petroleum refining
PharMaceutical preparations
Industrial organic chnicah;
Space research and technology
Ship building and repairing/
national security
General cheiical Manufacturing/
industrial organic cheaicals
Space propulsion units and parts/
plating and polishing/fabricated
setal products/Metal coating
and allied services
Industrial organic cheaicals
National security/ship building
and repairing
Industrial organic chemicals/
organic pesticide products/
industrial inorganic cheaicals
Industrial organic chemicals/
plastics. Materials, and resins/
cheBical preparations
Agricultural cheMica Is/organic
pesticides products
Aircraft
General gunei iMcut/cheMical
preparations
VolUMB
1500. OG
2. OT
1.06
LOT
1320.06
17. OT
LOT
LOT
LOG
LOT
1.5T
4.06
90. OT
LOG
3.0T
LOT
LOT
Note: The default unit for the survey is tons.
*
Reference: USEPA 1986a.
G-] 1
-------
Table G-4 Analytical Problots Associated with the Listing
Constituents for Reactive P and U Waste Codes
Chesrical
P006
P009
P056
P068
P073
P061
P067
P096
P105
P107
P112
P122
UOZ3
U086
IIAQC
MKJD
U098
0099
U103
U133
U134
U135
U160
U186
U189
U249
- Alusiiuai phosphide
- AsMoniui picrate
- Fluorine
- Methyl hydrazine
- Nickel carfaonyl
- Nitroglycerine
- OsMiiai tetroxide
- Phosphine
- SodiuB azide
- Strontium sulfide
• TetranitroBBthane
- Zinc phosphide (>10X)
- Benzotrichloride
- 1.2-Oiethylhydrazine
- a.a-piMBtnyiDenzynydroperoxlde
- 1.1-DlMethylhydrazine
- 1.2-DiMethylhydrazine
- Dimethyl sulfate
- Hydrazine
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Hydrogen sulfide
- Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
- 1.3-pentadiene
- Phosphoric sulfide
- Zinc phosphide (<10X)
CAS no.
20859738
131748
7782414
60344
13463393
55630
20816120
7803512
26628228
1314961
509148
1314847
98077
1615801
am ga
B0159
57147
540738
77781
302012
7664393
7783064
1338234
504609
1314803
1314847
Reasons for analytical problem
5
3
5
5
5
2
1
3
3
1
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
3
2
5
1 TK4« *»ttf*m+
-------
APPENDIX H
CARBON ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE DATA
-------
The purpose of this appendix is to discuss the applicability of
carbon adsorption to wastewaters containing reactive listing
constituents. The discussion is subdivided by waste type so that the
reader can readily understand the types of reactive wastes to which this
technology is applicable.
Carbon adsorption is generally applicable to organic compounds
containing one or more polar groups. The following are the major classes
of compounds for which applicability can be readily established (Hutton
1981). Table F-l shows the amenability of typical organic compounds to
activated carbon adsorption.
1. Amines and Aminic-Like Compounds
A considerable volume of information exists on the removal of ammonia
and amines from wastewaters. Reactive constituents containing amino
(NH-, NH or N) groups should behave similarly to the amines already
studied, such as dipropylamine and aniline. Compounds containing NH«,
NH, or N groups among the reactive wastes are as follows:
Methyl hydrazine (P068)
N N diethyl hydrazine (U086)
1,1 diethyl hydrazine (U098)
1,2 diethyl hydrazine (U099)
1,2 diphenyl hydrazine (U109)
Hydrazine (U133)
For aromatic hydrazines, comparisons should be made with aniline.
Di-n-propylamine should be used as a surrogate or the alkylamines and
ammonia should be used as a surrogate for free hydrazine.
2. Nitrated Compounds
A very large volume of information exists on the removal of nitrated
phenols, aromatics, and aliphates from wastewater using activated
H-l
3073g
-------
carbon. Compounds containing nitro groups, which are reactive waste
constituents, are as follows:
• Ammonium picrate (P009), which is ammonium salt or
trinitrophenol (the dinitrophenols have been extensively studied)
• Tetranitromethane (P112)
Nitrate esters (i.e., nitroglycerin (P081)) are known to be treatable
by carbon adsorption. The listed waste, K045, is spent carbon for
treatment of wastewaters from production of nitrate ester and other
nitrated explosives.
3. Other Polar Compounds
Acid, ester, ketone, and alcohol compounds removed from wastewater
using activated carbon have been studied extensively (Belfort 1981). The
following reactive wastes fit into one or more of these compound classes:
• Dimethyl sulfate (U103) is an ester.
• Dimethyl benzyl hydroperoxide (U096) and methyl ethyl ketone
peroxide (U160) are both organo peroxides, which are structurally
similar to alcohols.
H-2
3073g
-------
Table H-l Amenability of Typical Organic Compounds to Activated Carbon Adsorption
Concentration
Molecular
Compound weight
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Fropanol
Butanol
n-Amyl alcohol
n-Hexanol
Isopropanol
Allyl alcohol
Isobutanol
t-Butanol
2-Ethyl butanol
2-Ethyl hexanol
Amines
Di -N-Propy lamine
Butylamine
Di-N-Buty lamine
Allylamine
Ethy lenedi amine
Diethylenetriamine
Diethanolamine
Triethanolamine
Monoisopropanolamine
Di i sopropanolamine
Aromatics
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
Phenol
Hydroquinone
Aniline
Styrene
Nitrobenzene
32.0
46.1
60.1
74.1
88.2
102.2
60.1
58.1
74.1
74.1
102.2
130.2
101.2
73.1
129.3
57.1
60.1
103.2
105.3
149.1
75.1
133.2
78.1
92.1
106.2
94
110.1
93.1
104.2
123.1
Aqueous
solubility Initial (CQ)
1,000
1,000
1,000
7.7 1,000
1.7 1,000
0.58 1,000
1,000
1,010
8.5 1,000
1,000
0.43 1,000
0.07 700
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
95.4 996
1,000
1,000
87 1,000
0.07 416
0.047 317
0.02 115
6.7 1,000
6.0 1,000
3.4 1,000
0.03 180
0.19 1,023
Final (Cs>
964
901
811
466
282
45
874
789
581
705
145
10
198
480
130
686
893
706
722
670
800
543
21
66
18
194
167
251
18
44
Adsorbabilitv
g Compound/
g Carbon
0.007
0.020
0.038
0.107
0.155
0.191
0.025
0.024
0.084
0.059
0.170
0.138
0.174
0.103
0.174
0.063
0.021
0.062
0.057
0.067
0.040
0.091
0.080
0.050
0.019
0.161
0.167
0.150
0.028
0.196
Percent
reduction
3.6
10.0
18.9
53.4
71.8
95.5
12.6
21.9
41.9
29.5
85.5
98.5
80.2
52.0
87.0
31.4
10.7 .
29.4
27.5
33.0
20.0
45.7
95.0
79.2
84.3
80.6
83.3
74.9
-88.8
95.6
H-3
3073g
-------
Table H-l (continued)
Concentration
Molecular
Compound weight
Esters
Methyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Fropyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Primary amyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate
Vinyl acetate
Ethylene glycol mono-
ehtyl ether acetate
Ethyl acrylate
Butyl acrylate
Ketones
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl propyl ketone
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isoamyl ketone
Diisobutyl ketone
Cyclohexanone
Acetophenone
Isophorone
Organic Acids
Formic acid
Acetic acid
Fropionic acid
Butyric acid
Valeric acid
Caproic acid
Acrylic acid
Benzole acid
74.1
68.1
102.1
116.2
130.2
102.1
116.2
132.2
100.1
128.2
58.1
72.1
86.1
100.2
100.2
11*. 2
142.2
98.2
120.1
138.2
46.0
60.1
74.1
86.1
102.1
116.2
72.1
122.1
Aqueous
Solubility Initial (CQ)
31.9
8.7
2
0.68
0.2
2.9
0.63
22.9
2.0
0.2
—
26.8
4.3
v. si. sol.
1.9
0.54
0.05
2.5
0.55
1.2
—
—
—
--
2.4
1.1
—
0.29
1,030
1,000
1,000
1,000
985
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,015
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
988
1,000
986
300
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Adsorbabilitv
g Compound/
Final (Cs> g Carbon
760
495
248
154
119
319
180
342
226
43
782
532
305
191
152
146
nil
332
28
34
765
760
674
405
203
30
355
89
0.054
0.100
0.149
0.169
0.175
0.137
0.164
0.132
0.157
0.193
0.043
0.094
0.139
0.159
0.169
0.169
0.060
0.134
0.194
0.193
0.047
0.048
0.065
0.119
0.159
0.194
0.129
0.183
Percent
reduction
26.2
50.5
75.2
84.6
88.0
68.1
82.0
65.8
77.7
95.9
21.8
46.8
69.5
80.7 .
84.8
85.2
100.0
66.8
97.2
96.6
23.5
24.0
32.6
59.5
79.7
97.0
64.5
91.1
Reference: Giusti, Conway, and Lawson 1974.
H-4
-------
APPENDIX I
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA FOR FLUORIDE (USEPA 1989E)
-------
DATABASE KEY
BOAT Best Demonstrated Available Technology
ITD Industrial Technology Division
NFDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
WAO Vet Air Oxidation
WERL Water Engineering Research Laboratory
OCPSF Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
CMDB Combined Metals Database
1-1
-------
KEY TO TREATIChT TBDHNOUD6IE8
AAS — Activated Aluwlna Sorptlon
AC — Active tad Carbon
AFF — Aerobic Fixed F1ln
AL — Aerobic Lagoons
API — API 011/Hatar Separator
AS — Activated Sludge
A1rS — A1r Stripping
AnFF — Anaerobic Fixed Fill
AnL — Anaerobic Legoona
B6AC — Biological Granular Activated Carbon
CAC — ChMlcally Aealatad Clarification
Chea/Cond — Chralcal Conditioning
ChOx — Chewlcel Oxidation (Parentheses shows oxldetlon chaw Ice I
1e. ChOx (Oz) - 1e ozone)
ChOx/Pt —Chesiloal Oxidation/Precipitation
ChPt — ChMlcal Precipitation
Chrad — Chearfcal Reduction
Chred/Pt — Chaailoal Raduotlon/Preelpltatlon
CN/Ox — Cyanide Oxidation
COA6 — Coagulation
OAF — Olaeolved Air Flotation
F1I — Filtration
FLOAT — Floatation
SAC — Activated Carbon (Granular)
6r/Hea — Breaea/011 Re»ovel
KPEG — Oechlorlnatlon of Toxloe ualng an Alkoxlda (Forwed by the
reaction of potaeelusj hydroxide with polyethylene
glyool (PEB400J)
IE — Ion Exchange
In-PB — In-Plent Biological Treeaent
L — L1a»
LL — Liquid, Liquid Extraction
Naut — Neutralization
PACT — Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated Sludge
RBC — Rotetlng Biological Contactor
RO — Reverse Oaaioale
SBR — Sequential Batch Reactor
SCOx — Super Critical Oxidation
SExt — Solvent Extraction
SS — Staaa) Stripping
Sad — Sedleantetlon
TF — Trickling Filter
UF — Ultref 11tretlon
UV — Ultrevlolet Redletlon
WOx — wet Air Oxidation
NOTESi
+ la the flret process unit followed In proceaa train by
the second 1e. AS + F1I - Activated Sludge followed
by FUtretlon.
w 1e the two unite together 1e. UFwPAC - Ultref1ltrat1on
ualng Powdered Activated Carbon.
____ (6) Is batch Instead of continuous flow.
1-2
-------
Fluoride. The data available for fluoride were compiled from Che
BDAT, WERL, and ITD databases. Demonstrated treatment technologies included
AAS, ChPt, RO, L+Sed, and L+Sed+Fil. The technology size included bench,
pilot, and full-scale data. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
200 ppb to 14,500 ppb.
The BDAT standard was set using L+Sed technology and an achievable
effluent of 14,500 ppb. L+Sed was selected as BDAT since these data represent
ITD full scale treatment performance data from the CMDB. L+Sed shows
equivalent substantial treatment to L+Sed+Fil.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for fluoride is 35,000 ppb
as shown in Table 4-173.
4-134
TABLE
1ASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR FLUORIDE
TECHNOLOBY
AAB
AAS
ChPt (B)
L+Sad
L+Scd*FU
LL+88+AC
RO
RO
RO
TECHNOLOBY
SIZE
Full
Full
Btnoh
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
FACILITY
1284B
18848
1313E
K103/K104
1BOA
1B84B
1264B
DETECTION RANOE
UNIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
10000-100000
1000-40000
1000-10000
200
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY
POINTS CONCENTRATION (X)
(ppb)
eoo.ooo
200.000
300.000 .
14500.000
14800.000
4 488.000
1B 210.000
800.000
800.000
REMOVAL
(*)
98.8
95.2
92.5
74
88
88
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-CMDB
ITD-CMDB
BDAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
1-3
-------
TABLE 4-173
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR WASTEWTERS
CONSTITUENTS
N-NltroBomorphoLlne
N-N1troaop1per1d1ne
n-NltroaopyrroUdlne
5-N1tro-o-tolu1d1ne
Pentachlorobenzena
Pentaeh loroethana
Pantach lo ronl trobanzana
Pantaohlorophanot
Phanaeatln
Phananthrana
Phenol
Phthallc anhydride
PronaMlda
Pyrana
Raaorolnol
Safrola
1 p2»4t5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4f8-Tatrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trlchlorobanzene
2f4»5-Tr1ehlorophenoL
2,4,8-TMchloro phenol
Tr1a(2»3-tJ1broBopropyl)
phosphate
Aery leal da
Antimony
Arsenic
BaHuB
Beryl HUB
Cadalun
Chro*1um(totel)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenlinn
Silver
ThaUluai
Vanadium
Zinc
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulflde
AldMn
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
fle«M-BHC
Chlordana
LONG
TERM AV6.
(PPBJ
73
2.4
2.4
58
10
10
10
20
2400
10
10.363
5
21
11.333
5.5
2400
10
6.8
10
1
1
20
262
470
340
280
200
48
70
390
80
36
220
200
70
340
3
230
180
14500
1000
1.48
0.01
0.01
1.832
0.12
0.2336
ACF
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.47
1.42
NA
NA
1.42
1.42
NA
2.7
1.42
1.42
2.7
1.84
2.7
2.7
1.42
1.42
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
NA
NA
NA
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
VF
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
5.89125
2.48705
2.8
2.B
5.88125
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
5.28
3.28
3.5
4.1
2.5
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.8
4.43
6.88
2.41
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
BOAT TRT.
STANDARD
[PPBJ
290
10
10
230
40
40
40
82
8542
59
26
20
83
67
42
8542
40
51
46
8
8
80
1042
1930
1390
1150
820
200
370
1280
280
150
550
820
290
1400
42
1020
1200
35000
14000
21
0.14
0.14
23
1.68
3.27
1-4
-------
APPENDIX J
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR STABILIZATION OF F006 WASTE (USEPA 1988G)
-------
Table J-l Performance Data for Stabilization of F006 Waste
Concentration (ppm)
Sample Set 1
Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Stream
Untreated total
untreated TCLP
Treated TClPa
Treated TClPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP*
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP3
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TClPa
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TCLPb
1
<0.01
<0.01
36.4
0.08
0.12
1.3
0.01
0.01
1270
0.34
0.51
40. 2
0.15
O.?0
35.5
0.26
0.30
2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
21.6
0.32
0.50
0.42
31.3
2.21
0.50
0.01
755
0.76
0.40
0.39
7030
368
5.4
0.25
409
10.7
0.40
0.36
3
-------
19/3g
Table J-l (Continued)
S3
Concentration (ppm)
Sample Set I
Constituent
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
S i Iver
Zinc
Stream
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TClPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TClPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TCLPb
Untreated total
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLPa
Treated TCLPb
1
_
-------
Table J-2 TCLP Performance Data for Stabilization of T006 Waste After Screening and Accuracy Correction of Treated Values
Concentration (ppm)
Sample Set 1
Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Stream la
Untreated TCIP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCIP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP 0.71
Treated TCLP 0.05
Untreated TCLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated 1CLP
Treated TCLP
Untreated TCLP 0.16
Treated TCLP 0.03
2b
--
—
2.21
0.01
0.76
0.45
368
0.27
10.7
0.39
—
22.7
0.03
—
0.14
0.06
0.01
3a 4b 5b
--
1.41 0.84 0.38
0.34 0.25 0.21
1.13 0.2? 23.6
0.06 0.01 0.01
0.43 -- 25.3
0.09 - 0.44
4.6 1.14
0.29 0.31
..
..
1.1 0.52 9.78
0.27 0.0? 0.04
..
0.16
0.05
5.41 2.030 867
.03 0.04 0.03
6b
—
--
0.3
0.01
38.7
0.89
31.7
0.22
3.37
0.39
—
730
0.06
--
0.12
0.06
1.200
0.04
7b 8b
__
0.53
0.29
0.06 0.18
0.01 0.01
360
1.41
8.69 483
0.45 0.35
1.0 4.22
0.41 0.40
—
152 644
0.11 0.04
--
0.31
0.06
0.62 650
0.0? 0.02
9b
--
0.28
0.09
--
—
16.9
0.50
50.2
0.29
—
16.1
0.02
--
--
1.29
0.01
Binding agent: cement kiln dust.
aMix ratio Is 0.2. The mix ratio is the ratio of the reagent weight to waste weight.
^llx ratio is 0.5.
Reference: CVN Technical Note 87-117. Table 1 (CVM 1987).
-------
1973g
Table J-3 Matrix Spike Recovery Data for the TCLP Extracts from Stabilization of F006 Waste
Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium0
Silver0
Zinc
Original
amount
found
(ppm)
0.101a
0.01b
0.3737a
0.2765b
0.0075a
2.9034b
0.3494a
0.2213b
0.2247a
0.15265
0.3226a
0.2142b
0.001a
0.001b
0.028a
0.4742b
0.101a
0.043b
0.0437a
0.03445
0.01333
27.202b
Duplicate
(ppm)
0.01
0.01
0.332E
0.222
0.0069
0.7555
0.4226
0.2653
0.2211
0.1462
0.3091
0.2287
0.001
0.001
0.0264
0.0859
0.12
0.053
0.0399
0.0411
0.0238
3.65
X Error
0.0
0.0
5.82
10.9
4.17
58.7
9.48
9.0
0.81
2.14
2.14
3.27
0.0
0.0
6.87
69.3
8.6
10.4
4.55
8.87
28.3
76.3
Actual
spike
0.086
0.068
4.9474
5.1462
4.9010
6.5448
4.6780
4.5709
4.8494
4.9981
4.9619
4.6930
0.0034
0.0045
4.5400
4.6093
0.175
0.095
4.2837
0.081
5.0910
19.818
X Recovery
94.5
104
91.9
97.9
97.9
94.3
85.8
86.6
92.5
97.0
92.9
89.4
92
110
90.3
86.6
86
66d
84.8
0.87d
101.4
87.8
Accuracy-
correct ion
factor
1.06
0.96
1.09
1.02
1.02
1.06
1.17
1.15
1.08
1.03
1.08
1.12
1.09
0.91
1.11
1.15
1.16
0.96
1.18
114.9
0.99
1.14
aAt a mix ratio of 0.5.
bAt a mix ratio of 0.2.
cFor a mix ratio of 0.2. correction factors of 1.16 and 1.18 were used when correcting for selenium and silver
concentrations, respectively.
dThis value is not considered in the calculation for the accuracy-correction factor.
SOURCE:
Memo to R. Turner. U.S. EPA/HWERL from Jesse R. Conner. Chemical Waste Management, dated January 20. 1988.
J-4
-------
Table J-4 Calculation of the Nonwastewater Treatment Standard for Nickel Treated by Stabilization
Concentration (ppm) Treatment
Sample Set f Mean Variability standard
Constituent 123456789 (mg/1) factor (mg/1)
BOAT Metals
Nickel
Accuracy-corrected 0.05 0.03 0.27 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.072 4.47 0.32
treated TCLP
-------
APPENDIX K
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CHEMICAL OXIDATION
OF A METAL-BEARING WASTEWATER (USEPA 1988H)
-------
Table K-l Performance Data for Chemical Oxidation and Sludge Filtration of a Metal-Bearing Wastewater Sampled by EPA
Const i tuent/parameter
BOAT Hetals
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)8
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other Parameters
Sample
Treatment
tank composite
< 10
<1
-------
Table K-l (continued)
7*
i
N>
Concentration (DOT)
Const ituent/parameler
BOAT Metals
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other Parameters
Sample
Treatment
tank composite
<10
<1
<10
<2
<5
917
2.236
91
18
1
1.414
<10
<2
<10
71
Set 15
Filtrate
-------
Table K-l (continued)
Const ituent/parameter
BOAT Metals
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other Parameters
Total organic carbon
lotal solids
Total chlorides
Total organic ha 1 ides
Concentration (ppm)
Sample Set 19 Sample Set 110 Sample
Treatment Treatment treatment
tank composite Filtrate tank composite Filtrate tank composite
<10 <| <10 *l *10
<1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1
<10 * 1 * 10 <1 *1?
-------
Table K-2 Accuracy-Corrected Data for Treated Wastewater Residuals from Chemical Oxidation and Sludge Filtration
Untreated
concentration range3
Constituent (mg/1)
Antimony <10
Arsenic <1
Barium
-------
Table K-3 Matrix Spike Recovery Data for Metals in Wastewater
Sample
Constituent
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadnium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Original sample
(wj/i)
<2I
<10
1.420
1.4
4.2
<4.0
<4.0
<5.0
<0.2
?03
<25
<4.0
<10
<60
2.640
Spike added
(P9/D
300
SO
S.OOO
25
25
50
1?5
25
1.0
1.000
25
50
50
250
10.000
Spike result
(ng/i)
275
70
5.980
25
26
35
107
22
0.9
1.140
12
42
51
212
12.600
Percent
recovery8
92
140
91
94
87
70
86
88
90
94
48
84
102
85
100
Duplicate
Spike result
(i
-------
Table K-4 Calculation of the Treatment Standard for
Nickel-Treated Wastewater
Regulated
constituent
Nickel
Accuracy -
corrected
concentration Mean VF
0.355 0.369 1.20
0.355
0.355
0.355
0.333
0.355
0.430
0.387
0.355
0.355
0.419
Treatment standard
total concentration
(mg/1)
0.44
K-6
------- |