FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR K001 (ADDENDUM) AND U051 (CREOSOTE)
Larry Rosengrant, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Elaine Eby
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
Note: This background document is on addendum to the August 1988 Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) Background Document for K001
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No.
68-W9-0068. Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment Technology Section,
Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the
preparation of this document. The technical project officer for the
waste was Ms. Elaine Eby. Mr. Steven Silverman served as legal advisor.
Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document included
Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Assistant
Program Manager; Mr. Stanley Moore, Principal Investigator and Author;
Ms. Justine Alchowiak, Quality Assurance Officer; Ms. Martha M. Martin,
Technical Editor; and Ms. Sally Gravely, Program Secretary.
3536g
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1-1
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION (U051 WASTES) 2-1
3. PERFORMANCE DATA 3-1
4. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 4-1
5. REFERENCES 8-1
ii
3S36g
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K001 and U051 (Wastes) .... 1-2
Table 3-1 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incineration
of K001 3-2
Table 4-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised)
and U051 (Creosote) (Wastewaters) 4-1
Table 4-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for U051 (Creosote) . 4-2
Table A-l Matrix Spike Recoveries for K001 (Creosote and PCP),
Kiln A-l
Table A-8 Ash Residue and Combustion Gas Scrubber Discharge Water A-l
iii
3536g
-------
1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This document provides the Agency's rationale and technical support
for revisions to the numerical treatment standards for K001 wastes. Also
presented in this document are the treatment standards for U051
(creosote) since they were also derived from the K001 performance data.
It should be noted that the only changes to K001 are to the numerical
standards. These changes were necessary because of misinterpretation of
the K001 performance data and subsequent mathmatical errors in the K001
treatment standards promulgated in the First Third rulemaking. This
document is an addendum to the supporting best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) background document for K001 wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. The K001 treatment standards were originally promulgated
as part of the First Third rulemaking (53 FR 31152, August 17, 1988).
This addendum provides the mathematical corrections to the original
K001 treatment standards and presents the corrected K001 performance data
and calculation of the revised K001 standards and U051 (creosote)
standards. Information regarding other aspects of K001 wastes, i.e.,
industry affected and waste characterization, applicable/demonstrated
treatment technologies, identification of best demonstrated available
technology, and selection of regulated constituents can be accessed
through the original final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for K001 Wastes (USEPA 1988).
This document, however, presents information on the industry affected
and on waste characterization for U051 (creosote) since this information
is not in the original K001 background document. Additional information
on U051 with respect to applicable/demonstrated treatment technologies
can be found in the Final Background Document for Organic U and P Waste
and Multisource Leachate Volume C: Nonwastewater Forms of Organic U and
P Waste and Multisource Leachate for Which There Are Concentration-Based
Treatment Standards.
1-1
3541g
-------
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K001 and U051 Wastes
Maximum for any single grab sample
Nonwastewater Wastewater
Total Total
composition composition
Constituent (mg/kg) (mg/1)
Volatile Organics
Toluene 28 0.028
Xylene(s)a 33 0.032
Semivolatile Organics
Naphthalene 1.5 .0.031
Pentachlorophenol 7.4 0.18
Phenanthrene 1.5 0.031
Pyrene 1.5 . 0.028
Metals
Lead 0.51 (TCLP)b 0.037
aThe Agency is proposing one standard for xylenes in K001 and U051,
which will represent the sum of the concentrations of o-xylene, m-xylene,
and p-xylene present in the waste treatment residual. The basis of
concentration numbers will, therefore, be the sum of the areas under all
peaks identified as o-xylene, m-xylene, or p-xylene in the chromato-
graphic spectrum.
bTCLP leachate concentration (mg/1).
1-2
3541g
-------
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industry affected by the land disposal
restrictions for the polynuclear aromatic U051 waste (creosote), CAS
number 8021-39-4, and presents available characterization data for these
wastes. (For information on K001 waste, see The Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for K001 (USEPA 1988).)
U051 wastes include discarded commercial chemical products,
manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial
chemical products, and spill residues, including contaminated water,
soil, or debris, that are identified as toxic wastes (see 40 CFR
Part 261.33). Because the methods of waste generation are so diverse,
the composition of U051 wastes varies greatly. As a result, the
constituents of concern may be present at concentrations from several
parts per million to nearly the pure product.
2.1 Industry Affected
Table 2-1 (at the end of this section) presents the estimated number
of facilities and volume of U051 waste handled in 1986. The industry
that may be most affected by regulation of these wastes is the chemical
manufacturing industry (SIC Codes 2865, 2869, 2899, 8071, 2951, and
2952). The degree to which an industry is affected by this proposed
regulation is directly related to the degree to which the industry
produces and/or uses the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, creosote.
Table 2-2 gives the major uses for each U051 waste.
The Agency recently conducted a survey of RCRA treatment, storage,
disposal, and recycling (TSDR) facilities regarding the hazardous waste
they managed in 1986. Information about 1986 volumes of U051 wastes has
been extracted from the survey data base and is presented in Table 2-3..
2-1
3537g
-------
Because of the nature of the survey, the Agency believes that the actual
1986 volumes of U051 wastes may be understated in Table 2-3. The volumes
shown in Table 2-3 are given in gallons and tons; however, this should
not be construed to mean that the hazardous wastes are necessarily in
liquid form. The concentrations of the specific constituents in U051
wastes shown in Table 2-3 are not known, except that they are greater
than zero.
2.2 Waste Characterization
Because of the varied and numerous uses for creosote and because of
the many ways in which it may become hazardous waste, characterization of
U051 wastes is impractical. U051 (creosote), like other polynulear
aromatic hydrocarbons, is a fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon composed
solely of carbon and hydrogen. U051 wastes differ from other U wastes in
that U051 wastes are not defined by one chemical or constituent, but by a
group of chemicals designated by the generic term of "creosote." Cresote
is a derivative of coal that contains a wide range of constituents
including creosols, phenols, naphthalene, benz(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, and
acenaphthalene.
2-2
3537g
-------
Table 2-1 Estimated Number of Facilities
and Volume of UOS1 (Creosote) Waste Handled in 1986
Waste Code
Name
No. of generators
Volume (gal)
U051
Creosote
13
133,205
Table 2-2 Principal Uses for U051 (Creosote)
Waste Code
Name
Uses
0051
Creosote
Antipyretic, styptic, astringent, lubricant for
die molds, agent for waterproofing, manufacture
of chemicals for veterinary medicine
(parasiticide, deodorant), external antiseptic
and disinfectant, expectorant in treatment of
chronic bronchitis, local anesthetic in
dentistry, gastric sedative, and wood
preservative.
Table 2-3* Facilites That May Generate U051 (Creosote)
Waste
Code Name
U051 Creosote
Facility
Allied Signal Corp.
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park
Koppers Company
USOOE Idaho National Engineering Lab.
Koppers Company
Reilly Tar and Chemical Corp.
Koppers Company Inc.
Clean Harbors of Braintree
Southern Wood Piedmont Company
Koppers Company Inc .
Rohm & Haas
US Navy Norfolk Naval Base
Koppers Company , Inc .
State
AL
CA
GA
ID
IL
IL
KY
MA
OH
SC
TX
VA
WI
Quantity
9 ton
4 gal
1 ton
5 gal
94 ton
124 ton
22 ton
66 gal
200 ton
15290 gal
33 ton
1 ton
7 ton
USEPA 1986 Survey of Treatment Storage Disposal and Recycling Facilities.
Hazardous Substance Databank, National Library of Medicine, 1989.
2-3
3537g
-------
3. PERFORMANCE DATA
This section presents the corrected K001 performance data used to
revise the K001 standards and calculate the U051 (creosote) standards.
The performance data used to develop the K001 and U051 (creosote)
treatment standards for the constituent identified in the tables in
Section 2 are the performance data from incineration of K001 waste
presented in Tables 3-1 through 3-9. Nonwastewater standards are based
on incinerator ash residues, and wastewater standards are based on the
incinerator scrubber water concentrations.
3-1
3538g
-------
Table 3-1 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary
Kiln Incinerator of K001 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 1
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater wastewater
BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water)
constituent (mg/kg) (rag/kg) (mg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Benzene 56 <10 <0.010
Toluene 110 <10 <0.010
Ethyl benzene 57 <10 <0.010
Xylenes 120 <10 <0.010
Semivolatile Oreanics
Acenaphthene 21,000 <0.13 <0.002
Anthracene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,800 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 18,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 42,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 41,000 <0.36 <0.006
Phenol 2,400 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 17,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-2
3538g
-------
Table 3-1 (continued)
Treated
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<3.4
2.6
63
<0.1
3.4
5.0
35
0.35
2.1
170
1.5
<0.7
7.7
<4.0
170
nonwastewater (ash)
Total
(mg/kg)
<3.4
5.3
81
<0.1
<0.4
6.1
86
<0.25
3.6
<4.2
2.3
<0.7
<0.5
4.4
1.9
TCLP
(mg/1)
0.035
<0 . 004
0.38
<0.001
0.004
<0 . 007
0.020
<0.0005
<0.015
<0.042
<0 . 004
<0.007
<0.005
<0 . 008
0.020
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
<0.034
0.041
0.76
0.002
0.87
0.35
0.42
0.016
0.48
2.5
0.057
<0.035
<0.028
0.040
5.0
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3S38g
3-3
-------
.1
Table 3-2 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator of K009 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 2
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater wastewater
BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water)
constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1)
Volatile Organics
Benzene 60 <10 <0.010
Toluene 120 <10 <0.010
Ethyl benzene 56 <10 <0.010
Xylenes 130 <10 <0.010
Semivolatile OrEanics
Acenaphthalene 1,000 <0.13 <0.004
Acenaphthene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002
Anthracene 7,300 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,200 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 40,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 32,000 <0.36 <0.006
Phenol 3700 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 13,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-4
3538g
-------
Table 3-2 (continued)
Treated
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<3.4
<0.4
58
<0.1
3.4
4.8
32
0.35
<1.5
160
1.4
<0.7
8.0
<0.8
170
nonwastewater (ash)
Total
(rag/kg)
<3.4
5.3
74
<0.1
<0.4
5.3
100
<0.25
4.6
<4.2
1.9
<0.7
<0.5
4.1
1.8
TCLP
(mg/1)
<0.034
<0 . 004
0.57
<0.001
<0 . 004
<0.007
0.030
<0 . 0005
<0.015
<0.042
<0 . 004
<0.007
<0.005
<0 . 008
0.050
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
<0.034
0.15
0.80
<0.001
0.99
0.74
0.50
0.060
0.51
4.5
0.11
0.010
2.4
0.060
7.1
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3538g
3-5
-------
Table 3-3 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator of K001 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 3
BOAT list
constituent
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
Treated
nonwastewater
(ash)
(mg/kg)
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Benzene 61 <10 <0.010
Toluene 100 <10 . <0.010
Ethyl benzene 55 <10 <0.010
Xylenes 120 <10 <0.010
Semivolatile Oreanics
Acenaphthene 19,000 <0.13 <0.004
Anthracene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,800 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 40,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 37,000 <1.36 <0.006
Phenol 3,600 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-6
3538g
-------
Table 3-3 (Continued)
Treated
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc .
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<3.4
2.1
70
<0.1
3.1
6.4
39
<0.25
2.1
150
1.2
<0.7
6.8
<0.8
160
nonwastewater (ash)
Total
(mg/kg)
<3.4
9.0
61
<0.1
<0.4
5.8
98
<0.25
5.0
<4.2
1.8
<0.7
<0.5
4.1
3.2
TCLP
(mg/1)
0.040
<0 . 004
0.53
<0.001
<0 . 004
<0.007
0.030
<0 . 0005
0.020
<0 . 042
<0 . 004
<0 . 007
<0 . 005
<0.008
0.080
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
<3.4
0.16
0.56
0.001
0.95
0.60
0.43
0.008
0.56
3.5
0.090
0.010
2.8
0.040
9.1
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3538g
3-7
-------
Table 3-4 Treatment Performance Rates for Rotary
Kiln Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 4
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater wastewater
BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water)
constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (ntg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Benzene 51 <0.10 <0.010
Toluene 110 <0.10 <0.010
Ethyl benzene 72 <0.10 <0.010
Xylenes 130 <0.10 <0.010
Semivolatile Oreanics
Acenaphthene 16,000 <0.13 <0.004
Anthracene 8,500 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,100 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 14,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 32,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 29,000 <0.36 <0.006
Phenol 3,900 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-8
3538g
-------
Table 3-4 (continued)
Treated
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<3.4
2.5
59
<0.1
2.4
7.0
39
0.40
2.8
110
1.1
<0.7
5.3
0.82
120
nonwastewater (ash)
Total
(mg/kg)
<3.4
10
48
<0.1
<0.4
8.7
110
<0.25
5.2
<4.2
2.5
<0.7
<0.5
0.8
2.8
TCLP
(mg/1)
0.040
<0 . 004
0.31
<0.001
<0 . 004
<0.007
<0 . 006
<0.0005
<0.015
<0.042
<0 . 004
<0.007
<0 . 005
<0.008
0.010
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
0.040
0.28
1.0
0.001
1.2
1.0
0.51
0.29
0.60
5.4
0.12
0.020
3.4
0.080
11
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3538g
3-9
-------
Table 3-5 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 5
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater wastewater
BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water)
constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1)
Volatile Organics
Benzene 58 <0.10 <0.010
Toluene 110 <0.10 <0.010
Ethyl benzene 71 <0.10 <0.010
Xylenes 130 <0.10 <0.010
Semivolatile Organics
Acenaphthene 19,000 <0.13 <0.004
Anthracene 7,400 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,200 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 29,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 32,000 <0.36 <0.006
Phenol 2,400 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-10
3S38g
-------
Table 3-5 (continued)
Treated
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<3.4
0.7
12
<0.1
0.79
1.6
12
0.79
1.8
37
0.3
<0.7
2.2
<0.8
40
nonwastewater (ash)
Total
(mg/kg)
<3.4
13
56
<0.1
<0.4
10
130
<0.25
6.8
<4.2
2.6
<0.7
<0.5
5.2
3.0
TCLP
(mg/1)
0.040
0.025
0.22
<0.001
<0 . 004
<0.007
0.008
<0.0005
<0.015
<0 . 042
0.004
<0 . 007
<0.005
0.020
0.030
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
<0 . 040
0.25
0.90
0.002
0.45
0.65
0.45
0.19
0.70
3.3
0.038
0.010
3.8
0.050
8.2
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3538g
3-11
-------
Table 3-6 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) -
Sample Set No. 6
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater wastewater
BDAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water)
constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Benzene 83 <0.10 <0.010
Toluene 170 <0.10 <0.010
Ethyl benzene 87 <0.10 <0.010
Xylenes 170 <0.10 <0.010
Semivolatile Oreanics
Acenaphthene 17,000 <0.13 <0.004
Anthracene 9,100 <0.13 <0.002
Chrysene 4,300 <0.17 <0.003
Fluorene 14,000 <0.13 <0.002
Naphthalene 43,000 <0.11 <0.002
Phenanthrene 36,000 <0.36 <0.006
Phenol 3,300 <0.10 <0.002
Pyrene 13,000 <0.13 <0.002
3-12
3S38g
-------
Table 3-6 (continued)
BOAT list
constituent
Treated Treated
Untreated nonwastewater (ash) wastewater
waste Total TCLP (scrubber water)
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1) (mg/1)
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Nickel
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
<3.4
2.6
150
<0.1
3.5
8.6
38
0.64
4.5
190
1.1
<0.7
3.3
1.9
200
<3.4
11
72
<0.1
<0.4
7.7
86
<0.25
3.9
<4.2
2.8
<0.7
<0.5
4.8
2.5
0.040
<0 . 004
0.41
<0.001
<0 . 004
<0.007
0.070
<0.0005
0.020
<0 . 042
<0 . 004
<0.007
<0.005
<0 . 008
0.002
0.040
1.6
1.1
0.001
0.46
0.89
0.35
0.54
0.54
3.9
0.021
0.020
4.0
0.060
8.2
Source: Radian Corp. 1987.
3S38g
3-13
-------
Table 3-7 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator for K001 (PCP) -
Sample Set No. 7
BOAT list
constituent
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
Treated
nonwastewater
(ash)
(mg/kg)
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Toluene
Semivolatile Oreanics
16
<2
<0.002
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Benzo(b &/or k)
fluoroanthrene
Fluoranthrene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
13,000
9,300
940
13,000
8,200
26,000
970
28,000
9,200
<0
<0
<0
<0.5
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.050
<0.010
<0.010
3-14
35388
-------
Table 3-7 (continued)
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<6.0
2.9
30
<0 . 1
0.5
1.5
6.7
7.8
0.11
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
64
Treated
nonwastewater
Total
(mg/kg)
<6.0
0.8
74
<0.1
<0.3
8.2
6.8
5.2
<0 . 0002
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
11
TCLP
(mg/1)
<0.06
<0.003
0.32
<0.001
<0.003
<0 . 009
<0.01
0.021
<0.0002
<0.02
<0.005
<0 . 009
<0.01
<0.02
<0.006
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
<0.06
<0 . 002
0.12
<0 . 001
<0.003
<0.009
0.15
0.021
<0.0002
<0.02
<0.005
<0 . 009
<0.01
<0.02
1.1
Source: USEPA 1987b.
3538g
3-15
-------
Table 3-8 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln
Incinerator for K001 (PCP) -
Sample Set No. 8
BOAT list
constituent
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
Treated
nonwastewater
(ash)
(mg/kg)
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
Volatile Organics
Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
Acenapthene
Anthracene
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b &/or k)
fluoranthrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthrene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
10
18,000
13,000
3,400
940
2,
3,
,300
,600
21,000
12,000
43,000
3,000
42,000
15,000
<2
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
,5
,5
.5
.5
.5
<2.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0
<0
<0.002
<0.010
<0.010
<0.002
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.050
<0.010
<0.010
3538g
3-16
-------
Table 3-8 (continued)
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<6.0
2.3
19
<0.1
0.6
2.7
11
11
0.16
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
58
Treated
nonwastewater
Total
(mg/kg)
<6.0
0.6
21
<0.1
<0.3
1.1
3.0
1.2
<0.0002
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
2.1
TCLP
(mg/1)
<0.06
<0.003
0.19
<0.001
<0 . 003
<0.009
<0.01
<0.01
<0 . 0002
<0.02
<0.005
<0 . 009
<0.01
<0.02
<0.006
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
<0.06
0.12
0.24
<0.001
<0.003
<0 . 009
0.09
0.18
<0.0002
<0.02
<0.005
<0.009
<0.01
<0.02
0.61
Source: USEPA 1987b.
3538g
3-17
-------
Table 3-9 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary
Kiln Incinerator for K001 (PCP) -
Sample Set No. 9
BOAT list
constituent
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
Treated
nonwastewater
(ash)
(mg/kg)
Treated
wastewater
(scrubber water)
(mg/1)
Volatile Oreanics
Toluene
39
<2
<0.002
Semivolatile Organics
Acenap thene 14,000
Anthracene 8,500
Benz(a)anthracene 2,500
Benzo(a)pyrene 620
Benzo(b &/or k)
fluroanthrene 1,600
Fluoranthrene 15,000
Fluorene 9,000
Naphthalene 37,000
Pentachlorophenol 920
Phenanthrene 32,000
Pyrene 11,000
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0. 5
<0. 5
<0. 5
<2.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.010
<0.010
<0.001
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.050
<0.010
<0.010
3-18
3S38g
-------
Table 3-9 (continued)
BOAT list
constituent
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
waste
(mg/kg)
<6.0
1.1
17
<0.1
0.4
2.1
10
6.3
0.064
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
30
Treated
nonwastewater
Total
(mg/kg)
<6.0
0.4
21
<0.1
<0.3
1.2
2
0.96
<0.0002
<2.0
<0.5
<0.9
<0.3
<2.0
2.1
TCLP
(mg/1)
<0.06
<0.003
0.25
<0.001
<0.003
<0 . 009
<0.01
<0 . 002
<0.0002
<0.02
<0.005
<0 . 009
<0.01
<0.02
<0.006
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
<0.06
0.11
0.39
<0 . 001
<0.003
0.045
0.07
0.20
0.003
<0.02
<0.005
<0.009
<0.01
<0.02
0.88
Source: USEPA 1987b.
3538g
3-19
-------
4. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The purpose of this section is to calculate revised treatment
standards for K001 and treatment standards for U051 (creosote) using the
available treatment performance data (presented in Chapter 3) from the
BOAT treatment technologies. A discussion of how the treatment standards
for these wastes were calculated is included in this section. The
methodology used to calculate the K001 treatment standards is discussed
in the original K001 Best Demonstrated Available Technology Background
Document, August 1988. This addendum presents only the revisions to the
numerical standards. (Note that the standards for lead in K001 were not
changed because the K001 performance data were not used to derive the
lead standard. Lead treatment data were transferred from stabilization
of F006 nonwastewaters and from performanmce data for chemical
precipitation and filtration and mixed waste sampled by EPA at Enviril
and Co.
4.1 Revised Calculation of the K001 Treatment Standards
As stated earlier, the Agency determined that it was necessary to
revise the K001 treatment standards because of misinterpretation of the
K001 performance data. The misinterpretation resulted in errors to the
K001 standards. For the K001 constituents, naphthalene, pentachloro-
phenol, phenanthrene, and pyrene, the values used to calculate the
standards were incorrectly based on practical quantification limits (PQL)
and not on detection levels. Since the PQL levels were 5 times higher
(as stated in the K001 Onsite Engineering Report) than the detection
limits, the PQL values were divided by 5 to give the detection limit.
Correct standards should be based on detection limits.
For the K001 constituents toluene and xylene(s), not only were PQL
values used in error, but the nonwastewater values were incorrectly
stated as parts per billion instead of the correct units, parts per
4-1
3539g
-------
million. These discrepancies resulted from errors and inconsistencies
in the Onsite Engineering Report (OER); the inconsistencies were
eliminated after the analytical data on which the OER information was
derived were reviewed and reinterpreted.
4.2 Calculation of Treatment Performance Standards for U051 Waste
Treatment standards for U051 (creosote) waste are based on the
transfer of performance data from incineration of K001 waste (bottom
sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewaters from wood preserving
processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol). Treatment
standards for K001 wastewaters and nonwastewaters were promulgated in the
First Third Final Rule on August 8, 1988, but are now being revised with
the U051 standard. The standards for organics in K001 wastes were based
on the performance of rotary kiln incineration of K001 nonwastewaters.
Calculation of the K001 and U051 standards is shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
Treatment standards for the leachable metal constituents in K001
nonwastewaters were established based on the performance of stabilization
of F006 waste. Hence, treatment standards for metals (lead) in U051
nonwastewaters are also based on F006 data. (Note that the lead
standards will not be revised because they were not based on K001
treatment data.)
The transfer of performance data from K001 waste treatment is
particularly appropriate for U051 because KOOl-creosote waste (obviously)
contains creosote. Because of the similarities in concentration of the
major hazardous organic constituents anticipated in creosote (U051) to
those in K001, and the primary use of creosote as a wood preservative
(and hence the relationship to K001), the Agency has decided to regulate
the same constituents in U051 that it regulated in K001.
4-2
3539s,
-------
Incineration in a rotary kiln will achieve a level of performance
that represents BOAT for the organics in U051 because it treated the
constituents in K001 to nondtectable levels; since U051 contains
constituents similar to those in K001, the Agency believes that the same
levels can be achieved for U051. Thus, EPA is promulgating
concentration-based standards for six organic constituents in U051:
naphthalene, pentachlorophenol, phenanthrene, pyrene, toluene, and
xylenes. Based on the fact that the performance data for K001 indicate
the presence of treatable quantities of lead in the incinerator ash and
based on the anticipated similarities of U051 wastes to K001 wastes, EPA
is also promulgating treatment standards for lead. The lead standards
are based on stabilization as BDAT for U051 nonwastewaters and chemical
precipitation followed by sludge filtration as BDAT for U051 wastewaters.
EPA notes, however, that if U051 is simply discarded before it is
used, for example because it is off-specification, then it would not be
likely to have all of the same contaminants as K001 wastes. On the other
hand, when U051 is spilled at a wood preserving site, then it could
contain the same contaminants, in particular pentachlorophenol and lead,
as K001 wastes because of the high potential for cross-contamination from
prior use of pentachlorophenol at the site. Since the Agency believes
that much of the U051 waste comes from spill residues at wood preserving
sites, EPA is conservatively promulgating standards that include those
constituents likely to be present in this form of the waste. In
situations where a facility never used pentachlorophenol or where the
U051 is expected to be generated only as an off-specification product
(and pentachlorophenol was never used in the production equipment), EPA
anticipates that the facility's waste analysis plan could be revised so
that only the constituents likely to be present in that form of the waste
are monitored.
4-3
3539g
-------
3540g
Table 4-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised) and U051 (Creosote)
(Nonwastewaters)
Waste
detection Highest
limit detection
Waste
code
K001
& U051
transferred limit (DL)
Constituent
Naphtha lene
Pentach loropheno 1
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylenes
from
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
mg/kg
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(Creosote)
(Creosote)
0
2
0
0
10
10
.5
.5
.5
.5
.0
.0
Accuracy
correction
factor
(ACF)
1.06a
1.05
1.068
1.04
1.01
1.16b
Correct ion
factor Variability
transferred
from
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
factor
(VF)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(Creosote)
(Creosote)
2
2
2
2
2
2
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
Treatment
standard (mg/kg)
(OL x ACF x VF)
1.5
7.4
1.5
1.5
28
33
PCP - pentachlorophenol
a No recovery value was available for this constituent. Therefore, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (PCP) semivolatiles
duplicate spike data (see Appendix A. Table A-8). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the
average and determining the accuracy-correction factors.)
No recovery value was available for this constituent. Therefore, the lowest average percent recovery values were used from the K001 (creosote) volatile
matrix spike recovery data (see Appendix A. Table A-3). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for
calculating the average and determining the accuracy correction factors.)
-------
3540g
Table 4-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised) and U051 (Creosote) (Wastewaters)
Waste
detection
Waste
code Constituent
Naphthalene
Pentach loropheno 1
K001 Phenanthrene
& U051 Pyrene
Toluene
_pi Xylenes
i
en
limit
Highest
detect ion
transferred
from
tcooi
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
limit (DL)
mg/1
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(Creosote)
(Creosote)
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
010
050
010
010
010
010
Accuracy
correction
factor
(ACF)
1
1
1
1
1
1
.12"
.25b
.12*
.0
.01
.15°
Correction
factor
Variability
transferred
from
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
K001
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(PCP)
(Creosote)
(Creosote)
factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Treatment
standard (mg/1)
(DL x ACF X
0.031
0.18
0.031
0.028
0.028
0.032
VF)
pep - pentachloropheno1
a No recovery value Mas available for this constitutent; hence, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (PCP) semivolatiles
duplicate spike data (see Appendix A. Table A-7). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the
average and determining the accuracy correction factors.)
Recovery values for pentachloropheno1 in K001 (PCP) wastewaters were below 20 percent; hence, the Agency chose the recovery value for pentachloropheno1
in K001 cresote.
c No recovery value was available for this constituent; hence, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (creosote) volatile matrix
spike recovery data (see Appendix A. Table A-4). Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the
average and determining the accuracy correction factors.
-------
5. REFERENCES
National Library of Medicine. 1989. Hazardous substances data bank.
Radian Corp. 1987. Analytical results, Combustion Research Facility test
burn, K001 creosote waste. Austin, Texas: Radian Corporation.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. National survey of hazardous waste treatment, storage,
disposal, and recycling facilities. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Onsite engineering report of treatment performance and
operation for incineration of K001 - pentachlorophenol (PCP) and
creosote at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combustion
Research Facility. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for K001 waste. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for developing best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) treatment standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Windholz, M., ed. 1983. The Merck index. 10th ed. Rathway,
New Jersey: Merck & Company.
5-1
3542g
-------
Appendix A
Matrix Spike Recoveries* for K001 (Creosote and PCP),
Kiln Ash Residue and Combustion Gas Scrubber Discharge Water
*All recovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just
100 percent for the purpose of calculating accuracy correction factors,
3S36g
-------
3341g-7
Table A-l K001 Creosote Ash Sample Semivolatile
Organics Matrix Spike Recoveries (%)
Initial Amount
cone. added % Recovery
Compound (ng/g) (ng/g) #1 #2 RPD
Acid-Extractables
Phenol <4
2-Chlorophenol <4 •
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol <4
4-Nitrophenol <20
Pentachlorophenol <20
Base/Neutral Extractables
1,4-Dichlorobenzene <4
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine <4
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <4
Acenaphthene <4
2,4-Dinitrotoluene <4
Pyrene <4
Percent average of
recoveries
67
67
67
67
67
33
33
33
33
33
33
72
59
35
1.2a
Oa
48
67
30
Oa
Oa
Oa
48.3
65 9.7
53 10
68 48
2.6a 54
Oa NC
46 4.2
62 7.5
30 0
3.4a 100
Oa NC
Oa NC
46
NC - Not calculated.
aRecovery values below 20 percent were not considered in determining
the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-l
-------
3341g-8
Table A-2 K001 Creosote Water Sample Semivolatile
Organic Matrix Spike Recoveries (%)
Initial Amount
cone . added
Compound Ug/1) Ug/1)
Acid Extractables
Phenol <10 100
2-Chlorophenol <10 100
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol <10 100
4-Nitrophenol <50 100
Pentachlorophenol <50 100
Base/Neutral Extractables
1,4-Dichlorobenzene <10 50
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine <100 50
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <10 50
Acenaphthene <10 50
2.4-Dinitrotoluene <10 50
Pyrene <10 50
Percent average of
recoveries
% Recovery
#1 #2 RPD
65 61 6
61 65 6
80 73 9
Oa Oa NC
80 85 6
61 51 16
70 56 20
72 54 25
81 66 19
21 17a 19
62 60 3
61.2 57.4
NC - Not calculated.
Recovery values below 20 percent were not considered in determining
the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-2
-------
3251g-5
Table A-3 K001 Creosote Ash Sample ZK01C-3-B2
VOA Matrix Spike Recoveries (%)
1,1-Dichloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene
Trlchlorethylene
Average percent recovery
Spike
level
(rt/L)
25
25
25
25
25
Table A-4 K001 Creosote
VOA Matrix Spike
l,l-D1chloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene •
Trichlorethylene
Average percent recovery
Spike
level
Ug/l)
25
25
25
25
25
S710125
ZK01C-3-B2
#1 12
86 95
99 110 8
102 3 112 a
78 88
67 77
86 92
Water Sample ZK01C-3-B2
Recoveries (%)
S710125
ZK01C-3-B2
#1 #2
100 3 97
103 3 99
95 90
90 85
69 64
90.8 87
RPD
9.9
10
9.3
12
14
RPD
3.0
4.0
5.4
5.7
7.5
aRecovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100
percent in calculating the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-3
-------
3251g-3
Table A-5 K001-PCP Ash Duplicate Matrix Spike Data
Volatile Organic Analysis
Compound
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene
Trichloroethene
Average percent
recovery
Table A-6
Original
amount
present .
ug/ liter
3
<2
<2
<2
Amount
spiked,
ug/ liter
25
25
25
25
K001-PCP Scrubber Water
Volatile Organic
Compound
Original
amount
present.
ug/ liter
1.1-Dichloroethylene <2
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene
Trichloroethene
Average percent
recovery
<2
<2
<2
<2
Amount
spiked,
tig/ liter
25
25
25
25
25
Amount
recovered,
UQ/ liter
No. 1 No. 2
30 30
31 30
22 22
22 21
Duplicate Matrix
Analysis
Amount
recovered,
UQ/ liter
No. 1 No. 2
23 28
30 30
30 26
23 30
21 21
%
Recovery
No. 1 No.
108 b 108
b
124 120
88 88
88 84
94 93
Spike Data
%
Recovery
2
b
b
No. 1 No. 2
92 112
b
120 120
b
120 104
92 120
84 84
93.6 96
b
b
b
b
.8
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-4
-------
3251g-4
Table A-7 K001-PCP Scrubber Water Duplicate Matrix Spike Data,
Semivolatile Organic Analysis
Initial Amount
Concentration added,
Compound ng/g pg/g
Acid Extractables
Phenol <2
2-Chlorophenol <2
4-Chloro-3-methy1phenol <5
4-N1trophenol <10
Pentachlorophenol <50
Base/Neutral Extractables
1,4-Dichlorobenzene <2
N-Nitrosodlnipropylamine <5
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <5
Acenaphthene <2
2,4-Dlnitrotoluene <50
Pyrene <2
Average percent recovery
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
Amount
recovered
UQ/Q
No. 1
60
56
58
3
6
85
70
110
110
79
110
No. 2
45
40
44
1.5
3.4
87
66
120
110
84
110
% Recovery
No. 1
30
28
29
1.5
3
85
70
no a
a
110
79
110 a
89.5
No. 2
22
20
22
0.8
1.7
87
66
120 8
a
110
84
no a
89.5
Recovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent in
calculating the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-5
-------
3341g-13
Table A-8 K001-PCP Ash Duplicate Matrix Spike Data,
Semivolatile Organic Analyses
Compound
Acid Extractables
Phenol
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chloro-3-methy1phenol
4-Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Initial
concen-
tration.
ng/ liter
2
<2
<5
<10
<50
Amount
recovered, %
Amount ma/1 liter Recovery
added ,
Mg/liter No. 1 No. 2 No. 1 No. 2
200 170 160 85 80
200 200 210 100 105
200 180 190 90 95
200 200 180 100 90
200 190 210 95 105
Base/Neutral Extractables
1 , 4-D ich lorobenzene
<2
100 94 94 94 94
N-Nitrosodinipropyl-
amine
<5
100
81
82
81
aRecovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent
for calculating the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
82
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Acenaphthene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Pyrene
Average percent
recovery
<5
<5
<50
<2
100
100
100
100
95 100
120 120a
120 120a
96 100a
95
120a
120a
96
94.3
100
120
120
100
96
A-6
------- |