FINAL BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BDAT) BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K001 (ADDENDUM) AND U051 (CREOSOTE) Larry Rosengrant, Chief Treatment Technology Section Elaine Eby Project Manager U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 May 1990 Note: This background document is on addendum to the August 1988 Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for K001 ------- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No. 68-W9-0068. Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment Technology Section, Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the preparation of this document. The technical project officer for the waste was Ms. Elaine Eby. Mr. Steven Silverman served as legal advisor. Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document included Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Assistant Program Manager; Mr. Stanley Moore, Principal Investigator and Author; Ms. Justine Alchowiak, Quality Assurance Officer; Ms. Martha M. Martin, Technical Editor; and Ms. Sally Gravely, Program Secretary. 3536g ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1-1 2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION (U051 WASTES) 2-1 3. PERFORMANCE DATA 3-1 4. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 4-1 5. REFERENCES 8-1 ii 3S36g ------- LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K001 and U051 (Wastes) .... 1-2 Table 3-1 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incineration of K001 3-2 Table 4-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised) and U051 (Creosote) (Wastewaters) 4-1 Table 4-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for U051 (Creosote) . 4-2 Table A-l Matrix Spike Recoveries for K001 (Creosote and PCP), Kiln A-l Table A-8 Ash Residue and Combustion Gas Scrubber Discharge Water A-l iii 3536g ------- 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY This document provides the Agency's rationale and technical support for revisions to the numerical treatment standards for K001 wastes. Also presented in this document are the treatment standards for U051 (creosote) since they were also derived from the K001 performance data. It should be noted that the only changes to K001 are to the numerical standards. These changes were necessary because of misinterpretation of the K001 performance data and subsequent mathmatical errors in the K001 treatment standards promulgated in the First Third rulemaking. This document is an addendum to the supporting best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background document for K001 wastewaters and nonwastewaters. The K001 treatment standards were originally promulgated as part of the First Third rulemaking (53 FR 31152, August 17, 1988). This addendum provides the mathematical corrections to the original K001 treatment standards and presents the corrected K001 performance data and calculation of the revised K001 standards and U051 (creosote) standards. Information regarding other aspects of K001 wastes, i.e., industry affected and waste characterization, applicable/demonstrated treatment technologies, identification of best demonstrated available technology, and selection of regulated constituents can be accessed through the original final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for K001 Wastes (USEPA 1988). This document, however, presents information on the industry affected and on waste characterization for U051 (creosote) since this information is not in the original K001 background document. Additional information on U051 with respect to applicable/demonstrated treatment technologies can be found in the Final Background Document for Organic U and P Waste and Multisource Leachate Volume C: Nonwastewater Forms of Organic U and P Waste and Multisource Leachate for Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards. 1-1 3541g ------- Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K001 and U051 Wastes Maximum for any single grab sample Nonwastewater Wastewater Total Total composition composition Constituent (mg/kg) (mg/1) Volatile Organics Toluene 28 0.028 Xylene(s)a 33 0.032 Semivolatile Organics Naphthalene 1.5 .0.031 Pentachlorophenol 7.4 0.18 Phenanthrene 1.5 0.031 Pyrene 1.5 . 0.028 Metals Lead 0.51 (TCLP)b 0.037 aThe Agency is proposing one standard for xylenes in K001 and U051, which will represent the sum of the concentrations of o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene present in the waste treatment residual. The basis of concentration numbers will, therefore, be the sum of the areas under all peaks identified as o-xylene, m-xylene, or p-xylene in the chromato- graphic spectrum. bTCLP leachate concentration (mg/1). 1-2 3541g ------- 2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION This section describes the industry affected by the land disposal restrictions for the polynuclear aromatic U051 waste (creosote), CAS number 8021-39-4, and presents available characterization data for these wastes. (For information on K001 waste, see The Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for K001 (USEPA 1988).) U051 wastes include discarded commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products, and spill residues, including contaminated water, soil, or debris, that are identified as toxic wastes (see 40 CFR Part 261.33). Because the methods of waste generation are so diverse, the composition of U051 wastes varies greatly. As a result, the constituents of concern may be present at concentrations from several parts per million to nearly the pure product. 2.1 Industry Affected Table 2-1 (at the end of this section) presents the estimated number of facilities and volume of U051 waste handled in 1986. The industry that may be most affected by regulation of these wastes is the chemical manufacturing industry (SIC Codes 2865, 2869, 2899, 8071, 2951, and 2952). The degree to which an industry is affected by this proposed regulation is directly related to the degree to which the industry produces and/or uses the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, creosote. Table 2-2 gives the major uses for each U051 waste. The Agency recently conducted a survey of RCRA treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling (TSDR) facilities regarding the hazardous waste they managed in 1986. Information about 1986 volumes of U051 wastes has been extracted from the survey data base and is presented in Table 2-3.. 2-1 3537g ------- Because of the nature of the survey, the Agency believes that the actual 1986 volumes of U051 wastes may be understated in Table 2-3. The volumes shown in Table 2-3 are given in gallons and tons; however, this should not be construed to mean that the hazardous wastes are necessarily in liquid form. The concentrations of the specific constituents in U051 wastes shown in Table 2-3 are not known, except that they are greater than zero. 2.2 Waste Characterization Because of the varied and numerous uses for creosote and because of the many ways in which it may become hazardous waste, characterization of U051 wastes is impractical. U051 (creosote), like other polynulear aromatic hydrocarbons, is a fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon composed solely of carbon and hydrogen. U051 wastes differ from other U wastes in that U051 wastes are not defined by one chemical or constituent, but by a group of chemicals designated by the generic term of "creosote." Cresote is a derivative of coal that contains a wide range of constituents including creosols, phenols, naphthalene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, and acenaphthalene. 2-2 3537g ------- Table 2-1 Estimated Number of Facilities and Volume of UOS1 (Creosote) Waste Handled in 1986 Waste Code Name No. of generators Volume (gal) U051 Creosote 13 133,205 Table 2-2 Principal Uses for U051 (Creosote) Waste Code Name Uses 0051 Creosote Antipyretic, styptic, astringent, lubricant for die molds, agent for waterproofing, manufacture of chemicals for veterinary medicine (parasiticide, deodorant), external antiseptic and disinfectant, expectorant in treatment of chronic bronchitis, local anesthetic in dentistry, gastric sedative, and wood preservative. Table 2-3* Facilites That May Generate U051 (Creosote) Waste Code Name U051 Creosote Facility Allied Signal Corp. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park Koppers Company USOOE Idaho National Engineering Lab. Koppers Company Reilly Tar and Chemical Corp. Koppers Company Inc. Clean Harbors of Braintree Southern Wood Piedmont Company Koppers Company Inc . Rohm & Haas US Navy Norfolk Naval Base Koppers Company , Inc . State AL CA GA ID IL IL KY MA OH SC TX VA WI Quantity 9 ton 4 gal 1 ton 5 gal 94 ton 124 ton 22 ton 66 gal 200 ton 15290 gal 33 ton 1 ton 7 ton USEPA 1986 Survey of Treatment Storage Disposal and Recycling Facilities. Hazardous Substance Databank, National Library of Medicine, 1989. 2-3 3537g ------- 3. PERFORMANCE DATA This section presents the corrected K001 performance data used to revise the K001 standards and calculate the U051 (creosote) standards. The performance data used to develop the K001 and U051 (creosote) treatment standards for the constituent identified in the tables in Section 2 are the performance data from incineration of K001 waste presented in Tables 3-1 through 3-9. Nonwastewater standards are based on incinerator ash residues, and wastewater standards are based on the incinerator scrubber water concentrations. 3-1 3538g ------- Table 3-1 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator of K001 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 1 Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater wastewater BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water) constituent (mg/kg) (rag/kg) (mg/1) Volatile Oreanics Benzene 56 <10 <0.010 Toluene 110 <10 <0.010 Ethyl benzene 57 <10 <0.010 Xylenes 120 <10 <0.010 Semivolatile Oreanics Acenaphthene 21,000 <0.13 <0.002 Anthracene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,800 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 18,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 42,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 41,000 <0.36 <0.006 Phenol 2,400 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 17,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-2 3538g ------- Table 3-1 (continued) Treated BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <3.4 2.6 63 <0.1 3.4 5.0 35 0.35 2.1 170 1.5 <0.7 7.7 <4.0 170 nonwastewater (ash) Total (mg/kg) <3.4 5.3 81 <0.1 <0.4 6.1 86 <0.25 3.6 <4.2 2.3 <0.7 <0.5 4.4 1.9 TCLP (mg/1) 0.035 <0 . 004 0.38 <0.001 0.004 <0 . 007 0.020 <0.0005 <0.015 <0.042 <0 . 004 <0.007 <0.005 <0 . 008 0.020 Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) <0.034 0.041 0.76 0.002 0.87 0.35 0.42 0.016 0.48 2.5 0.057 <0.035 <0.028 0.040 5.0 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3S38g 3-3 ------- .1 Table 3-2 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator of K009 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 2 Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater wastewater BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water) constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1) Volatile Organics Benzene 60 <10 <0.010 Toluene 120 <10 <0.010 Ethyl benzene 56 <10 <0.010 Xylenes 130 <10 <0.010 Semivolatile OrEanics Acenaphthalene 1,000 <0.13 <0.004 Acenaphthene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002 Anthracene 7,300 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,200 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 40,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 32,000 <0.36 <0.006 Phenol 3700 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 13,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-4 3538g ------- Table 3-2 (continued) Treated BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <3.4 <0.4 58 <0.1 3.4 4.8 32 0.35 <1.5 160 1.4 <0.7 8.0 <0.8 170 nonwastewater (ash) Total (rag/kg) <3.4 5.3 74 <0.1 <0.4 5.3 100 <0.25 4.6 <4.2 1.9 <0.7 <0.5 4.1 1.8 TCLP (mg/1) <0.034 <0 . 004 0.57 <0.001 <0 . 004 <0.007 0.030 <0 . 0005 <0.015 <0.042 <0 . 004 <0.007 <0.005 <0 . 008 0.050 Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) <0.034 0.15 0.80 <0.001 0.99 0.74 0.50 0.060 0.51 4.5 0.11 0.010 2.4 0.060 7.1 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3538g 3-5 ------- Table 3-3 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator of K001 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 3 BOAT list constituent Untreated waste (mg/kg) Treated nonwastewater (ash) (mg/kg) Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) Volatile Oreanics Benzene 61 <10 <0.010 Toluene 100 <10 . <0.010 Ethyl benzene 55 <10 <0.010 Xylenes 120 <10 <0.010 Semivolatile Oreanics Acenaphthene 19,000 <0.13 <0.004 Anthracene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,800 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 40,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 37,000 <1.36 <0.006 Phenol 3,600 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-6 3538g ------- Table 3-3 (Continued) Treated BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc . Untreated waste (mg/kg) <3.4 2.1 70 <0.1 3.1 6.4 39 <0.25 2.1 150 1.2 <0.7 6.8 <0.8 160 nonwastewater (ash) Total (mg/kg) <3.4 9.0 61 <0.1 <0.4 5.8 98 <0.25 5.0 <4.2 1.8 <0.7 <0.5 4.1 3.2 TCLP (mg/1) 0.040 <0 . 004 0.53 <0.001 <0 . 004 <0.007 0.030 <0 . 0005 0.020 <0 . 042 <0 . 004 <0 . 007 <0 . 005 <0.008 0.080 Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) <3.4 0.16 0.56 0.001 0.95 0.60 0.43 0.008 0.56 3.5 0.090 0.010 2.8 0.040 9.1 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3538g 3-7 ------- Table 3-4 Treatment Performance Rates for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 4 Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater wastewater BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water) constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (ntg/1) Volatile Oreanics Benzene 51 <0.10 <0.010 Toluene 110 <0.10 <0.010 Ethyl benzene 72 <0.10 <0.010 Xylenes 130 <0.10 <0.010 Semivolatile Oreanics Acenaphthene 16,000 <0.13 <0.004 Anthracene 8,500 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,100 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 14,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 32,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 29,000 <0.36 <0.006 Phenol 3,900 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 12,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-8 3538g ------- Table 3-4 (continued) Treated BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <3.4 2.5 59 <0.1 2.4 7.0 39 0.40 2.8 110 1.1 <0.7 5.3 0.82 120 nonwastewater (ash) Total (mg/kg) <3.4 10 48 <0.1 <0.4 8.7 110 <0.25 5.2 <4.2 2.5 <0.7 <0.5 0.8 2.8 TCLP (mg/1) 0.040 <0 . 004 0.31 <0.001 <0 . 004 <0.007 <0 . 006 <0.0005 <0.015 <0.042 <0 . 004 <0.007 <0 . 005 <0.008 0.010 Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) 0.040 0.28 1.0 0.001 1.2 1.0 0.51 0.29 0.60 5.4 0.12 0.020 3.4 0.080 11 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3538g 3-9 ------- Table 3-5 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 5 Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater wastewater BOAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water) constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1) Volatile Organics Benzene 58 <0.10 <0.010 Toluene 110 <0.10 <0.010 Ethyl benzene 71 <0.10 <0.010 Xylenes 130 <0.10 <0.010 Semivolatile Organics Acenaphthene 19,000 <0.13 <0.004 Anthracene 7,400 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,200 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 16,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 29,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 32,000 <0.36 <0.006 Phenol 2,400 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 15,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-10 3S38g ------- Table 3-5 (continued) Treated BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <3.4 0.7 12 <0.1 0.79 1.6 12 0.79 1.8 37 0.3 <0.7 2.2 <0.8 40 nonwastewater (ash) Total (mg/kg) <3.4 13 56 <0.1 <0.4 10 130 <0.25 6.8 <4.2 2.6 <0.7 <0.5 5.2 3.0 TCLP (mg/1) 0.040 0.025 0.22 <0.001 <0 . 004 <0.007 0.008 <0.0005 <0.015 <0 . 042 0.004 <0 . 007 <0.005 0.020 0.030 Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) <0 . 040 0.25 0.90 0.002 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.19 0.70 3.3 0.038 0.010 3.8 0.050 8.2 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3538g 3-11 ------- Table 3-6 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (Creosote) - Sample Set No. 6 Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater wastewater BDAT list waste (ash) (scrubber water) constituent (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1) Volatile Oreanics Benzene 83 <0.10 <0.010 Toluene 170 <0.10 <0.010 Ethyl benzene 87 <0.10 <0.010 Xylenes 170 <0.10 <0.010 Semivolatile Oreanics Acenaphthene 17,000 <0.13 <0.004 Anthracene 9,100 <0.13 <0.002 Chrysene 4,300 <0.17 <0.003 Fluorene 14,000 <0.13 <0.002 Naphthalene 43,000 <0.11 <0.002 Phenanthrene 36,000 <0.36 <0.006 Phenol 3,300 <0.10 <0.002 Pyrene 13,000 <0.13 <0.002 3-12 3S38g ------- Table 3-6 (continued) BOAT list constituent Treated Treated Untreated nonwastewater (ash) wastewater waste Total TCLP (scrubber water) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/1) (mg/1) Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Mercury Nickel Lead Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc <3.4 2.6 150 <0.1 3.5 8.6 38 0.64 4.5 190 1.1 <0.7 3.3 1.9 200 <3.4 11 72 <0.1 <0.4 7.7 86 <0.25 3.9 <4.2 2.8 <0.7 <0.5 4.8 2.5 0.040 <0 . 004 0.41 <0.001 <0 . 004 <0.007 0.070 <0.0005 0.020 <0 . 042 <0 . 004 <0.007 <0.005 <0 . 008 0.002 0.040 1.6 1.1 0.001 0.46 0.89 0.35 0.54 0.54 3.9 0.021 0.020 4.0 0.060 8.2 Source: Radian Corp. 1987. 3S38g 3-13 ------- Table 3-7 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (PCP) - Sample Set No. 7 BOAT list constituent Untreated waste (mg/kg) Treated nonwastewater (ash) (mg/kg) Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) Volatile Oreanics Toluene Semivolatile Oreanics 16 <2 <0.002 Acenaphthene Anthracene Benzo(b &/or k) fluoroanthrene Fluoranthrene Fluorene Naphthalene Pentachlorophenol Phenanthrene Pyrene 13,000 9,300 940 13,000 8,200 26,000 970 28,000 9,200 <0 <0 <0 <0.5 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 3-14 35388 ------- Table 3-7 (continued) BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <6.0 2.9 30 <0 . 1 0.5 1.5 6.7 7.8 0.11 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 64 Treated nonwastewater Total (mg/kg) <6.0 0.8 74 <0.1 <0.3 8.2 6.8 5.2 <0 . 0002 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 11 TCLP (mg/1) <0.06 <0.003 0.32 <0.001 <0.003 <0 . 009 <0.01 0.021 <0.0002 <0.02 <0.005 <0 . 009 <0.01 <0.02 <0.006 Treated wastewater (mg/1) <0.06 <0 . 002 0.12 <0 . 001 <0.003 <0.009 0.15 0.021 <0.0002 <0.02 <0.005 <0 . 009 <0.01 <0.02 1.1 Source: USEPA 1987b. 3538g 3-15 ------- Table 3-8 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (PCP) - Sample Set No. 8 BOAT list constituent Untreated waste (mg/kg) Treated nonwastewater (ash) (mg/kg) Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) Volatile Organics Toluene Semivolatile Organics Acenapthene Anthracene Benz(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b &/or k) fluoranthrene Chrysene Fluoranthrene Fluorene Naphthalene Pentachlorophenol Phenanthrene Pyrene 10 18,000 13,000 3,400 940 2, 3, ,300 ,600 21,000 12,000 43,000 3,000 42,000 15,000 <2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 ,5 ,5 .5 .5 .5 <2.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0 <0 <0.002 <0.010 <0.010 <0.002 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 3538g 3-16 ------- Table 3-8 (continued) BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <6.0 2.3 19 <0.1 0.6 2.7 11 11 0.16 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 58 Treated nonwastewater Total (mg/kg) <6.0 0.6 21 <0.1 <0.3 1.1 3.0 1.2 <0.0002 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 2.1 TCLP (mg/1) <0.06 <0.003 0.19 <0.001 <0 . 003 <0.009 <0.01 <0.01 <0 . 0002 <0.02 <0.005 <0 . 009 <0.01 <0.02 <0.006 Treated wastewater (mg/1) <0.06 0.12 0.24 <0.001 <0.003 <0 . 009 0.09 0.18 <0.0002 <0.02 <0.005 <0.009 <0.01 <0.02 0.61 Source: USEPA 1987b. 3538g 3-17 ------- Table 3-9 Treatment Performance Data for Rotary Kiln Incinerator for K001 (PCP) - Sample Set No. 9 BOAT list constituent Untreated waste (mg/kg) Treated nonwastewater (ash) (mg/kg) Treated wastewater (scrubber water) (mg/1) Volatile Oreanics Toluene 39 <2 <0.002 Semivolatile Organics Acenap thene 14,000 Anthracene 8,500 Benz(a)anthracene 2,500 Benzo(a)pyrene 620 Benzo(b &/or k) fluroanthrene 1,600 Fluoranthrene 15,000 Fluorene 9,000 Naphthalene 37,000 Pentachlorophenol 920 Phenanthrene 32,000 Pyrene 11,000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0. 5 <0. 5 <0. 5 <2.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.010 <0.010 <0.001 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 3-18 3S38g ------- Table 3-9 (continued) BOAT list constituent Metals Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc Untreated waste (mg/kg) <6.0 1.1 17 <0.1 0.4 2.1 10 6.3 0.064 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 30 Treated nonwastewater Total (mg/kg) <6.0 0.4 21 <0.1 <0.3 1.2 2 0.96 <0.0002 <2.0 <0.5 <0.9 <0.3 <2.0 2.1 TCLP (mg/1) <0.06 <0.003 0.25 <0.001 <0.003 <0 . 009 <0.01 <0 . 002 <0.0002 <0.02 <0.005 <0 . 009 <0.01 <0.02 <0.006 Treated wastewater (mg/1) <0.06 0.11 0.39 <0 . 001 <0.003 0.045 0.07 0.20 0.003 <0.02 <0.005 <0.009 <0.01 <0.02 0.88 Source: USEPA 1987b. 3538g 3-19 ------- 4. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS The purpose of this section is to calculate revised treatment standards for K001 and treatment standards for U051 (creosote) using the available treatment performance data (presented in Chapter 3) from the BOAT treatment technologies. A discussion of how the treatment standards for these wastes were calculated is included in this section. The methodology used to calculate the K001 treatment standards is discussed in the original K001 Best Demonstrated Available Technology Background Document, August 1988. This addendum presents only the revisions to the numerical standards. (Note that the standards for lead in K001 were not changed because the K001 performance data were not used to derive the lead standard. Lead treatment data were transferred from stabilization of F006 nonwastewaters and from performanmce data for chemical precipitation and filtration and mixed waste sampled by EPA at Enviril and Co. 4.1 Revised Calculation of the K001 Treatment Standards As stated earlier, the Agency determined that it was necessary to revise the K001 treatment standards because of misinterpretation of the K001 performance data. The misinterpretation resulted in errors to the K001 standards. For the K001 constituents, naphthalene, pentachloro- phenol, phenanthrene, and pyrene, the values used to calculate the standards were incorrectly based on practical quantification limits (PQL) and not on detection levels. Since the PQL levels were 5 times higher (as stated in the K001 Onsite Engineering Report) than the detection limits, the PQL values were divided by 5 to give the detection limit. Correct standards should be based on detection limits. For the K001 constituents toluene and xylene(s), not only were PQL values used in error, but the nonwastewater values were incorrectly stated as parts per billion instead of the correct units, parts per 4-1 3539g ------- million. These discrepancies resulted from errors and inconsistencies in the Onsite Engineering Report (OER); the inconsistencies were eliminated after the analytical data on which the OER information was derived were reviewed and reinterpreted. 4.2 Calculation of Treatment Performance Standards for U051 Waste Treatment standards for U051 (creosote) waste are based on the transfer of performance data from incineration of K001 waste (bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewaters from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol). Treatment standards for K001 wastewaters and nonwastewaters were promulgated in the First Third Final Rule on August 8, 1988, but are now being revised with the U051 standard. The standards for organics in K001 wastes were based on the performance of rotary kiln incineration of K001 nonwastewaters. Calculation of the K001 and U051 standards is shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2. Treatment standards for the leachable metal constituents in K001 nonwastewaters were established based on the performance of stabilization of F006 waste. Hence, treatment standards for metals (lead) in U051 nonwastewaters are also based on F006 data. (Note that the lead standards will not be revised because they were not based on K001 treatment data.) The transfer of performance data from K001 waste treatment is particularly appropriate for U051 because KOOl-creosote waste (obviously) contains creosote. Because of the similarities in concentration of the major hazardous organic constituents anticipated in creosote (U051) to those in K001, and the primary use of creosote as a wood preservative (and hence the relationship to K001), the Agency has decided to regulate the same constituents in U051 that it regulated in K001. 4-2 3539s, ------- Incineration in a rotary kiln will achieve a level of performance that represents BOAT for the organics in U051 because it treated the constituents in K001 to nondtectable levels; since U051 contains constituents similar to those in K001, the Agency believes that the same levels can be achieved for U051. Thus, EPA is promulgating concentration-based standards for six organic constituents in U051: naphthalene, pentachlorophenol, phenanthrene, pyrene, toluene, and xylenes. Based on the fact that the performance data for K001 indicate the presence of treatable quantities of lead in the incinerator ash and based on the anticipated similarities of U051 wastes to K001 wastes, EPA is also promulgating treatment standards for lead. The lead standards are based on stabilization as BDAT for U051 nonwastewaters and chemical precipitation followed by sludge filtration as BDAT for U051 wastewaters. EPA notes, however, that if U051 is simply discarded before it is used, for example because it is off-specification, then it would not be likely to have all of the same contaminants as K001 wastes. On the other hand, when U051 is spilled at a wood preserving site, then it could contain the same contaminants, in particular pentachlorophenol and lead, as K001 wastes because of the high potential for cross-contamination from prior use of pentachlorophenol at the site. Since the Agency believes that much of the U051 waste comes from spill residues at wood preserving sites, EPA is conservatively promulgating standards that include those constituents likely to be present in this form of the waste. In situations where a facility never used pentachlorophenol or where the U051 is expected to be generated only as an off-specification product (and pentachlorophenol was never used in the production equipment), EPA anticipates that the facility's waste analysis plan could be revised so that only the constituents likely to be present in that form of the waste are monitored. 4-3 3539g ------- 3540g Table 4-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised) and U051 (Creosote) (Nonwastewaters) Waste detection Highest limit detection Waste code K001 & U051 transferred limit (DL) Constituent Naphtha lene Pentach loropheno 1 Phenanthrene Pyrene Toluene Xylenes from K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 mg/kg (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (Creosote) (Creosote) 0 2 0 0 10 10 .5 .5 .5 .5 .0 .0 Accuracy correction factor (ACF) 1.06a 1.05 1.068 1.04 1.01 1.16b Correct ion factor Variability transferred from K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 factor (VF) (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (Creosote) (Creosote) 2 2 2 2 2 2 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 Treatment standard (mg/kg) (OL x ACF x VF) 1.5 7.4 1.5 1.5 28 33 PCP - pentachlorophenol a No recovery value was available for this constituent. Therefore, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (PCP) semivolatiles duplicate spike data (see Appendix A. Table A-8). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the average and determining the accuracy-correction factors.) No recovery value was available for this constituent. Therefore, the lowest average percent recovery values were used from the K001 (creosote) volatile matrix spike recovery data (see Appendix A. Table A-3). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the average and determining the accuracy correction factors.) ------- 3540g Table 4-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for K001 (Revised) and U051 (Creosote) (Wastewaters) Waste detection Waste code Constituent Naphthalene Pentach loropheno 1 K001 Phenanthrene & U051 Pyrene Toluene _pi Xylenes i en limit Highest detect ion transferred from tcooi K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 limit (DL) mg/1 (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (Creosote) (Creosote) 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 010 050 010 010 010 010 Accuracy correction factor (ACF) 1 1 1 1 1 1 .12" .25b .12* .0 .01 .15° Correction factor Variability transferred from K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 K001 (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (PCP) (Creosote) (Creosote) factor (VF) 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 Treatment standard (mg/1) (DL x ACF X 0.031 0.18 0.031 0.028 0.028 0.032 VF) pep - pentachloropheno1 a No recovery value Mas available for this constitutent; hence, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (PCP) semivolatiles duplicate spike data (see Appendix A. Table A-7). (Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the average and determining the accuracy correction factors.) Recovery values for pentachloropheno1 in K001 (PCP) wastewaters were below 20 percent; hence, the Agency chose the recovery value for pentachloropheno1 in K001 cresote. c No recovery value was available for this constituent; hence, the lowest average percent recovery value was used from the K001 (creosote) volatile matrix spike recovery data (see Appendix A. Table A-4). Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered to be just 100 percent for calculating the average and determining the accuracy correction factors. ------- 5. REFERENCES National Library of Medicine. 1989. Hazardous substances data bank. Radian Corp. 1987. Analytical results, Combustion Research Facility test burn, K001 creosote waste. Austin, Texas: Radian Corporation. USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. National survey of hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling facilities. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Onsite engineering report of treatment performance and operation for incineration of K001 - pentachlorophenol (PCP) and creosote at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combustion Research Facility. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background document for K001 waste. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Methodology for developing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Windholz, M., ed. 1983. The Merck index. 10th ed. Rathway, New Jersey: Merck & Company. 5-1 3542g ------- Appendix A Matrix Spike Recoveries* for K001 (Creosote and PCP), Kiln Ash Residue and Combustion Gas Scrubber Discharge Water *All recovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent for the purpose of calculating accuracy correction factors, 3S36g ------- 3341g-7 Table A-l K001 Creosote Ash Sample Semivolatile Organics Matrix Spike Recoveries (%) Initial Amount cone. added % Recovery Compound (ng/g) (ng/g) #1 #2 RPD Acid-Extractables Phenol <4 2-Chlorophenol <4 • 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol <4 4-Nitrophenol <20 Pentachlorophenol <20 Base/Neutral Extractables 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <4 N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine <4 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <4 Acenaphthene <4 2,4-Dinitrotoluene <4 Pyrene <4 Percent average of recoveries 67 67 67 67 67 33 33 33 33 33 33 72 59 35 1.2a Oa 48 67 30 Oa Oa Oa 48.3 65 9.7 53 10 68 48 2.6a 54 Oa NC 46 4.2 62 7.5 30 0 3.4a 100 Oa NC Oa NC 46 NC - Not calculated. aRecovery values below 20 percent were not considered in determining the average percent recovery. Source: USEPA 1987. A-l ------- 3341g-8 Table A-2 K001 Creosote Water Sample Semivolatile Organic Matrix Spike Recoveries (%) Initial Amount cone . added Compound Ug/1) Ug/1) Acid Extractables Phenol <10 100 2-Chlorophenol <10 100 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol <10 100 4-Nitrophenol <50 100 Pentachlorophenol <50 100 Base/Neutral Extractables 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <10 50 N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine <100 50 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <10 50 Acenaphthene <10 50 2.4-Dinitrotoluene <10 50 Pyrene <10 50 Percent average of recoveries % Recovery #1 #2 RPD 65 61 6 61 65 6 80 73 9 Oa Oa NC 80 85 6 61 51 16 70 56 20 72 54 25 81 66 19 21 17a 19 62 60 3 61.2 57.4 NC - Not calculated. Recovery values below 20 percent were not considered in determining the average percent recovery. Source: USEPA 1987. A-2 ------- 3251g-5 Table A-3 K001 Creosote Ash Sample ZK01C-3-B2 VOA Matrix Spike Recoveries (%) 1,1-Dichloroethene Toluene Chlorobenzene Benzene Trlchlorethylene Average percent recovery Spike level (rt/L) 25 25 25 25 25 Table A-4 K001 Creosote VOA Matrix Spike l,l-D1chloroethene Toluene Chlorobenzene Benzene • Trichlorethylene Average percent recovery Spike level Ug/l) 25 25 25 25 25 S710125 ZK01C-3-B2 #1 12 86 95 99 110 8 102 3 112 a 78 88 67 77 86 92 Water Sample ZK01C-3-B2 Recoveries (%) S710125 ZK01C-3-B2 #1 #2 100 3 97 103 3 99 95 90 90 85 69 64 90.8 87 RPD 9.9 10 9.3 12 14 RPD 3.0 4.0 5.4 5.7 7.5 aRecovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent in calculating the average percent recovery. Source: USEPA 1987. A-3 ------- 3251g-3 Table A-5 K001-PCP Ash Duplicate Matrix Spike Data Volatile Organic Analysis Compound Toluene Chlorobenzene Benzene Trichloroethene Average percent recovery Table A-6 Original amount present . ug/ liter 3 <2 <2 <2 Amount spiked, ug/ liter 25 25 25 25 K001-PCP Scrubber Water Volatile Organic Compound Original amount present. ug/ liter 1.1-Dichloroethylene <2 Toluene Chlorobenzene Benzene Trichloroethene Average percent recovery <2 <2 <2 <2 Amount spiked, tig/ liter 25 25 25 25 25 Amount recovered, UQ/ liter No. 1 No. 2 30 30 31 30 22 22 22 21 Duplicate Matrix Analysis Amount recovered, UQ/ liter No. 1 No. 2 23 28 30 30 30 26 23 30 21 21 % Recovery No. 1 No. 108 b 108 b 124 120 88 88 88 84 94 93 Spike Data % Recovery 2 b b No. 1 No. 2 92 112 b 120 120 b 120 104 92 120 84 84 93.6 96 b b b b .8 Source: USEPA 1987. A-4 ------- 3251g-4 Table A-7 K001-PCP Scrubber Water Duplicate Matrix Spike Data, Semivolatile Organic Analysis Initial Amount Concentration added, Compound ng/g pg/g Acid Extractables Phenol <2 2-Chlorophenol <2 4-Chloro-3-methy1phenol <5 4-N1trophenol <10 Pentachlorophenol <50 Base/Neutral Extractables 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <2 N-Nitrosodlnipropylamine <5 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <5 Acenaphthene <2 2,4-Dlnitrotoluene <50 Pyrene <2 Average percent recovery 200 200 200 200 200 100 100 100 100 100 100 Amount recovered UQ/Q No. 1 60 56 58 3 6 85 70 110 110 79 110 No. 2 45 40 44 1.5 3.4 87 66 120 110 84 110 % Recovery No. 1 30 28 29 1.5 3 85 70 no a a 110 79 110 a 89.5 No. 2 22 20 22 0.8 1.7 87 66 120 8 a 110 84 no a 89.5 Recovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent in calculating the average percent recovery. Source: USEPA 1987. A-5 ------- 3341g-13 Table A-8 K001-PCP Ash Duplicate Matrix Spike Data, Semivolatile Organic Analyses Compound Acid Extractables Phenol 2-Chlorophenol 4-Chloro-3-methy1phenol 4-Nitrophenol Pentachlorophenol Initial concen- tration. ng/ liter 2 <2 <5 <10 <50 Amount recovered, % Amount ma/1 liter Recovery added , Mg/liter No. 1 No. 2 No. 1 No. 2 200 170 160 85 80 200 200 210 100 105 200 180 190 90 95 200 200 180 100 90 200 190 210 95 105 Base/Neutral Extractables 1 , 4-D ich lorobenzene <2 100 94 94 94 94 N-Nitrosodinipropyl- amine <5 100 81 82 81 aRecovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100 percent for calculating the average percent recovery. Source: USEPA 1987. 82 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Acenaphthene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Pyrene Average percent recovery <5 <5 <50 <2 100 100 100 100 95 100 120 120a 120 120a 96 100a 95 120a 120a 96 94.3 100 120 120 100 96 A-6 ------- |