FINAL
BEST  DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
            BACKGROUND  DOCUMENT FOR

                       K073
               Larry Rosengrant, Chief
            Treatment  Technology Section
                     Elaine Eby
                  Project Manager
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                Office of Solid Waste
                 401 M Street, S.W.
                Washington,  DC 20460
                      May 1990

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                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    This document was prepared for the U.S.  Environmental  Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc.,  under Contract  No.
68-W9-0068.  Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief,  Treatment Technology Section,
Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager  for  the  BDAT
program.  Ms. Elaine Eby served as the Project  Manager for K073 wastes
regulatory development.  Mr.  Steven Silverman served as EPA legal
advisor.

    The following personnel from Versar Inc.  were involved in  preparing
this document:  Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager;  Mr. Stephen
Schwartz, Assistant Program Manager;  Ms. Roberta Eelman, Staff Engineer;
Ms.  Sally Gravely, Program Secretary; and Ms. Martha Martin, Technical
Editor.

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS


Section                                                           Page  No.


1.   INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY	     1-1

2.   INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION  	     2-1

    2.1  Industry Affected and Process Description 	     2-1
    2.2  Waste Characterization 	     2-2

3.   APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES  	     3-1

    3.1  Applicable Treatment Technologies 	     3-1
    3.2  Demonstrated Treatment Technologies	     3-2

A.   PERFORMANCE DATA 	     4-1

5.   DETERMINATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
    TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) 	     5-1

6.   SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 	     6-1

    6.1  Identification of BOAT List Constituents  	     6-1
    6.2  Constituent Selection 	     6-2

7.   CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 	     7-1

8.   REFERENCES 	     8-1

9.   APPENDIX A  WASTEWATER STANDARDS FROM U AND P  WASTES	     A-l
                                      11

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                             LIST OF  TABLES

                                                                     Page No.

Table 1-1   Treatment Standards for K073 Waste 	      1-4

Table 2-1   Composition Data for K073 Waste 	      2-4

Table 4-1   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #1) 	

Table 4-2   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #2) 	

Table 4-3   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #3) 	

Table 4-4   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #4) 	

Table 4-5   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #5) 	

Table 4-6   Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for K019
            (Sample Set #6) 	

Table 6-1   Potential Condidates for Regulation 	      6-3

Table 7-1   Calculation of Nonwastewater Treatment Standards
            for Constituents Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste       7-3

Table 7-2   Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standards  for
            Constituents Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste  ....      7-4

Table 7-3   Treatment Standards for K073 Waste 	      7-5



                              LIST OF  FIGURES

                                                                       Page
No.


Figure 2-1  Chlor-alkali Manufacture Diaphragm Cell
            Process/Graphite Anodes 	      2-3
                                     iii

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                     1.   INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

    Pursuant to section 3004(m) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) as enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments on
November 8, 1984, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
establishing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment
standards for K073 waste (chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the
purification step of the diaphragm cell process using graphite anodes in
chlorine production).  Compliance with the BOAT treatment standards is a
prerequisite for the placement of the waste in facilities designated as
land disposal units according to 40 CFR Part 268.  The effective date of
the K073 treatment standards is August 8, 1990.

    This background document provides the Agency's technical support for
selecting and developing the treatment standards for the constituents to
be regulated in K073 waste.  This document explains how EPA determines
BOAT, selects constituents for regulation, and calculates treatment
standards.  Section 2 presents waste-specific information--the number and
location of facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the
waste-generating process, and waste characterization data.  These data
serve as a basis for determining whether a variance from treatment
standards may be warranted for a particular type of K073 that is more
difficult to treat than the wastes that were analyzed in developing the
treatment standards for K073.  Section 3 discusses the technologies used
to treat the waste (or similar wastes),  and Section 4 presents available
performance data, including data on which the treatment standards are
based.  Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BOAT, while Section 6
discusses the selection of constituents to be regulated.  The treatment
standards are determined in Section 7.
                                    1-1
30<,9g

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    The BOAT program, the Agency's legal authority, and promulgated
methodology are described in detail in two additional documents:
Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989a) and
Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions
Program ("BDAT") (USEPA 1987).  The petition process to be followed in
requesting a variance from the BDAT treatment standards is also discussed
in the methodology document.

    Under 40 CFR 261.32 wastes identified as K073 are listed as follows:
chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the purification step of the diaphragm
cell process using graphite anodes in chlorine production.  The Agency
believes there are no facilities currently generating this waste.

    Five constituents (carbon tetrachloride,  chloroform, tetrachloro-
ethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and hexachloroethane) are being for
regulated in both nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K073 waste.  For
the purpose of determining the applicability of the treatment standards,
wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight
basis) total suspended solids* and less than 1 percent (weight basis)
total organic carbon (TOC).   Waste not meeting this definition must
comply with the treatment standards for nonwastewaters.
*The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
 used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids."
 Specifically, the quantity of total suspended solids is measured by
 Method 209c, Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103° - 105°C, in
 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th
 Edition (APHA, AWWA, and WPCF 1985).
                                    1-2
3(H9g

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    The Agency does not have performance data for the treatment of K073;
therefore, the treatment standards for the regulated volatile and
semivolatile organic constituents in nonwastewaters are transferred from
treatment performance of incineration of K019 waste.

    For K073 wastewaters, BOAT treatment standards for organic
constituents are based on treatment performance data transferred from
EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-source
Leachates (F039) for Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment
Standards, Volume A USEPA 1990.

    Table 1-1 lists the specific nonwastewater and wastewater treatment
standards for K073 waste.  The treatment standards reflect the total
constituent concentration; the units are mg/kg (parts per million on a
weight-by-weight basis) for the nonwastewaters and mg/1 (parts per
million on a weight-by-volume basis) for the wastewaters.  Note that if
the concentrations of the regulated constituents in the waste, as
generated, are lower than or equal to the treatment standards, then
treatment will not be required prior to land disposal.
                                    1-3

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               Table 1-1  Treatment Standards for K073 Waste
Constituent
Nonwastewaters
    Total
concentration
   (rag/kg)
(Grab Sample)
                                                         Wastewaters
     Total
 concentration
    (mg/1)
(Composite Sample)
Volatile organics

Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,1,-Trichloroethane

Semivolatile organics

Hexachloroethane
     6.2
     6.2
     6.2
     6.2
    30
      0.057
      0.046
      0.056
      0.054
      0.055
NA - Not applicable.
3049g
                                    1-4

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         2.   INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND  WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

    According to 40 CFR 261.32,  K073 waste is listed as follows:
    K073: Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the purification step of the
          diaphragm cell process using graphite anodes in chlorine
          production.

This section describes K073 waste, its generation,  and the industry
affected by the land disposal restriction of the waste.

2.1       Industry Affected and Process Description

    K073 waste was formerly generated by the alkali and chlorine  industry
(Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 2812).   The Agency,  after
consulting the 1986 National Survey of Treatment,  Storage, Disposal,  and
Recycling Facilities (TSDR Survey),  knows of no facilities that currently
generate K073 waste; K073 was last generated in 1988.   However, K073  may
at some time be generated by RCRA corrective actions,  site closures,  or
other historical sources.

    The Agency has no current information on the process by which the
waste is generated.  The information presented below was contained in the
RCRA Listing Background Document for K073 (USEPA 1980).

    In the diaphragm cell process for chlorine production, chlorine is
produced by electrolysis of brine.  Brine is purified by precipitation of
metals before being sent to the diaphragm cell.   Separation of solids
during purification generates waste brine muds.   The purified brine is
heated, brought to saturation by the addition of salt, and acidified.
The saturated salt solution is then electrolyzed in the diaphragm cell to
form chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide.  Chlorine is liberated at
the anode;  the hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced at the
                                    2-1
3051g

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cathode.  Reaction of chlorine with carbonaceous materials in the
graphite anode results in the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbon
contaminants in the chlorine product.

    The hydrogen is purified and sold, vented to the atmosphere, or
burned.  The salt solution, which has been decomposed to approximately
half its original concentration, is partially evaporated to increase the
sodium hydroxide concentration.  During evaporation, most of the sodium
chloride precipitates from the solution and is recovered in salt
separators.  After filtration and washing, the salt is recycled to
initial brine preparation.

    Chlorine is recovered from the cell and cooled to remove water and
other impurities.  The condensates are discharged or recycled to the
brine purifier.  After cooling, the chlorine gas is scrubbed with acid to
remove residual water vapor.  The gas is then compressed and cooled to
-30°C to -45"C.  At these temperatures, the chlorine liquefies
and is pumped to steel storage tanks.  Some further purification of
chlorine is performed during the cooling and liquefaction process.
During the compression and purification step, the K073 is ultimately
generated.  Figure 2-1 illustrates the process.

2.2       Waste Characterization

    EPA was not able to collect characterization data for K073 because
generation of this waste has been discontinued.   Limited compositional
data was provided by The Chlorine Institute, Inc.,  and the Listing
Background Document for K073.  Table 2-1 provides an approximation of the
composition of K073 waste.
                                    2-2
3051g

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                                                                                   Heal
                                                                                       ~L
                                                     CF4 CHfj
                                                                         Distillate
                                                                          Crude
                                                                         Products
 Crude
Product
   HCI
Liquid Phase
Fluorlnatlon
                                                                                        Caustic
                                                                                        Waste
                                   Recycle
                                Chlorocarbons
                                     and
                                 Chlorolluoro
                                   carbons
                                           Waste
                                           Water
                     Chloro-
                     Carbona
Decant
 Spent
Catalyst
 Cat
Waste
Water
   Separation,
 Neutralization,
Drying ol Products
                                                                                        Spent
                                                                                        Silica
                                                                                         Gel
                                                                                       Worn-ou!
                                                                                       Molecular
                                                                                        Sieve
                                                                                                 To HF Plant
                                 Note: See text for descriptions of (AJ. IBJ. and (C
                          .To Land Disposal
           Figure   2-1.    Flowsheet  for Production of  Fluorocarbons by Liquid Phase Fluorination

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                    Table 2-1  Composition Data for K073
                                                             Listing
                                       Chlorine            background
                                       Institute            document
    Constituent                          wt (Z)              wt (%)
Chloroform                               50-80                73.7
Carbon Tetrachloride                      4-24                10.8
Hexachloroe thane                                               8.0
Pentachloroethane                         0-2                  1.3
1,1,1-Trichloroethane                                          1.0
Tetrachloroethylene                       0-1                  0.6
Dichloroethylene                                               0.3
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane                                      0.5
Chlorinated Propane Derivatives                                3 . 7
Trichloroethylene                         0-6
Dissolved Chlorine                        0-7
Others (Unknown)                          1-13
                                    2-4
3051g

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     3.   APPLICABLE AND  DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

    This section identifies  the treatment technologies that are applicable
to K073 waste and determines which,  if any,  of the applicable technologies
can be considered demonstrated for the purposes of establishing BDAT.

    To be applicable, a technology must be theoretically  usable to treat
the waste in question or to  treat a waste that is similar in terms of  the
parameters that affect treatment selection.   (For detailed descriptions
of the technologies applicable for these wastes,  or for wastes judged  to
be similar, see EPA's Treatment Technology Background Document (USEPA
1989b).)  To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in
full-scale operation for the treatment of the waste in question or a
similar waste.  Technologies available only at research facilities or  in
pilot- and bench-scale operations are not considered in identifying
demonstrated technologies.

3.1      Applicable Treatment Technologies

    As shown in Section 2.2, K073 waste contains  primarily organic
constituents.  Applicable technologies for organic constituents in a
waste or any resulting treatment residuals include technologies that
destroy or reduce the amount of constituent present in the waste.

    The Agency has identified fuel substitution and incineration as
applicable technologies for  treating the organic  constituents in
untreated K073 nonwastewaters.  These treatment technologies were
identified based on current  literature sources,  field testing,  and
current waste treatment practices.  As treatment  processes,  fuel
substitution and incineration have the same purpose:   to  thermally
destroy the organic constituents in the waste by  converting them to
carbon dioxide and water.  Fuel substitution additionally uses the waste
                                    3-1
30S2g

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as a substitute for conventional fuels burned in high-temperature
industrial processes.  Both fuel substitution and incineration generally
result in nonwastewater and wastewater treatment residuals such as ash,
clarifier solids from the flue gas scrubber system, and scrubber water,
which may require further treatment.  The residuals from the treatment of
K073 nonwastewaters in a well-designed, well-operated fuel substitution
combustion device or incinerator are not expected to contain detectable
levels of organic constituents (that is, amounts of organic constituents
should be below a numerical limit) and thus should not require further
treatment for organics.

    Since wastewater forms of K073 wastes contain hazardous organic
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic
compounds in the wastewater.  Therefore, the Agency has identified the
following treatment technologies as potentially applicable for treatment
of these wastes:
    •  Biological Treatment (including aerobic fixed film, aerobic
       lagoons, activated sludge, anaerobic fixed film, rotating
       biological contractor,  sequential batch reactor, and trickling
       filter technologies);
    •  PACTR Treatment (including powdered activated carbon
       addition to activated sludge and biological granular activated
       carbon technologies);
    •  Carbon Adsorption Treatment (including activated carbon and
       granular activated carbon technologies);
    •  Solvent Extraction Treatment (including liquid-liquid extracting
       technology);
    •  Chemical Oxidation Treatment;
    •  Wet Air Oxidation Treatment (including supercritical oxidation
       technology);
                                    3-2
3052g

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    •  Stripping Treatment (including steam stripping and air stripping
       technologies);
    •  Reverse Osmosis Treatment; and
    •  Chemically Assisted Clarification Treatment (including chemical
       precipitation technology).
    These technologies are explained in more detail in the background
document for U&P wastewaters (USEPA 1990).

3.2      Demonstrated Treatment Technologies

    There are currently no known generators of K073 waste; therefore, the
Agency has no data indicating that incineration or fuel substitution is
being used on K073 waste.  The Agency does have data, however, on
incineration of a similar waste (K019) and believes, therefore, that
incineration would be a demonstrated technology for K073 nonwastewaters.
The Agency has no evidence that fuel substitution is being used on wastes
having similar chlorinated organic concentrations.  When chlorinated
hydrocarbons are combusted, hydrogen chloride gas or chlorine gas is
produced.  These gases may not be compatible with normal fuel uses in
industrial furnaces or boilers (i.e., they may not be compatible with the
furnace materials of construction or the furnace product quality).   Thus
EPA does not believe that fuel substitution would be a demonstrated
technology for K073 nonwastewaters.  Incineration, therefore, is the only
demonstrated technology for K073 nonwastewaters.

    To be demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste.
Technologies available only at pilot- or bench-scale operations are not
considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.
                                    3-3
3052g

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    All of the technologies identified as applicable for K073 wastewaters
have been demonstrated in full-scale operation for treatment of
wastewaters containing these various constituents or similar
constituents.  The Agency, therefore, believes that all of the
technologies presented in Section 3.1 should be considered demonstrated
for use in determining BOAT.
                                    3-4
3052s

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                       4.   PERFORMANCE  DATA  BASE

    Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific wastes
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer data on the treatment of a
similar waste or wastes, using a demonstrated technology.  To transfer
data from another waste category, EPA must find that the wastes covered
by this background document are no more difficult to treat (based on the
waste characteristics that affect performance of the demonstrated
treatment technology) than the treated wastes from which performance data
are being transferred.

    This section presents the data available to EPA on the performance of
demonstrated technologies in treating the listed wastes.  These data are
used elsewhere in this document for determining which technologies
represent BOAT (Section 5),  for selecting constituents to be regulated
(Section 6), and for developing treatment standards (Section 7).
Eligible data, in addition to full-scale demonstration data, may include
data developed at research facilities or obtained through other
applications at less than full-scale operation,  as long as the technology
is demonstrated in full-scale operation for a similar waste or wastes as
defined in Section 3.

    Performance data, to the extent that they are available to EPA,
include the untreated and treated waste concentrations for a given
constituent, values of operating parameters that were measured at the
time the waste was being treated, values of relevant design parameters
for the treatment technology, and data on waste characteristics that
affect performance of the treatment technology.

    No performance data are available to the Agency to characterize
treatment for K073.  (K073 can be characterized as a totally organic
waste and no metals treatment standards are justified.)  However, the
                                    4-1
30S3g

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Agency has data for incineration of a similar waste, K019, which,  as
defined by 40 CFR 261.32, is the heavy ends from the distillation  of
ethylene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production.  K019 contains  all
the constituents expected to be present in K073 (i.e., carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and
1,1,1-trichloroethane).  This similarity between K019 and K073 is  based
on the production processes, the waste compositions, and the waste
characteristics affecting performance of the demonstrated treatment
technology.  Evaluation of the waste composition for K073 reveals  that
this waste is composed primarily of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride,
for which the respective boiling points are 61°C and 76.8°C.
These boiling points are lower than the boiling points of most
constituents in K019.  A waste is considered easier to treat if the
boiling points of its constituents are lower than the boiling points of
constituents in a waste considered for transfer.  This is outlined in
detail in the methodology document (USEPA 1989a).   Therefore, K019 is
considered more difficult to treat than K073.  The K019 constituents that
are present in K073 have been treated to nondetectable levels (levels
below the numerical limit of detection).  The waste characteristics
affecting the performance of incineration are presented in the Treatment
Technology Background Document (USEPA 1989b).  The Agency is transferring
performance data from the treatment of K019 to the K073 nonwastewaters
since the Agency believes that K073 is no more difficult to treat  than
the tested K019 waste.

    The performance data for K019 waste include the untreated and  treated
waste concentrations for a given constituent, the values of operating
parameters that were measured at the time the waste was being treated,
the values of relevant design parameters for the treatment technology,
and data on waste characteristics that affect the performance of the
treatment technology.
                                    4-2
3053S

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    Treatment standards for organic BOAT List Constituents in K073
wastewaters were developed from treatment performance data transferred
from EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-source
Leachates (F039) for Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment
Standards, Volume A USEPA 1990.

    Treatment performance data from Volume A (USEPA 1990) are presented
in Appendix A.  These data were used for transfer to K073 wastewaters
because when the Agency has appropriate wastewater treatment data from
well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment units, it prefers to
use these data rather than scrubber water concentrations in setting BOAT
treatment standards.  Additionally, these data represent a specific
wastewater treatment technology as opposed to incineration scrubber water.

    Tables 4-1 through 4-6 present the data for total waste concentration
analyses for treated and untreated K019 waste, as well as the design and
operating data for the incineration treatment system.  Based on a review
of the operating data obtained during collection of the samples, the data
sets appear to reflect treatment by a well-operated system.  Furthermore,
in all cases the BOAT list organics detected in the untreated waste are
reduced to nondetectable levels in the treated residuals.

    The tables in Appendix A present the data from Volume A of the
Background Document for Third Third U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachates (USEPA 1990).  These data were used to develop treatment
standards for K073 wastewaters.
                                    4-3
30S3g

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       Table  4-1   TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED  BY  EPA  FOR KOI9
                            PLANT A - ROTARY KILN  INCINERATOR

                                      SAMPLE SET II

                                               Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

VOLATILES
  4. Benzene
  7. Carbon tetrachioride
  9. .Chlorobenzene
 14. Chlopofopm
 22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
 23. 1,2-Oichloroeehane
 34. Methyl ethyl ketone
 38. Methylene chloride
 42. Tetrachloroeehene
 U3. Toluene
 US. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. -Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl Icetone

SEMIVOLATILES
 51. Acenaphthalene
 57. Anthracene
 65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
 70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 80. Chrysene
 87. o-Dichlorobehzene
 88. p-Oichlorobenzene
 98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109- Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
    K019
Coneentrat ion
   ing/kg
  (ppa)
   <2,000
    4,000
    3,000
    4,600
    2,200
   93,000
   <1,000
   <1,000
    7.300
     <200
   81,000
    3,210
     <200
   <1,000
     <200
   <1,000
      280
      <10
      SNA
      <10
       81
       20
       69
 RCRA Blend»
Concentration
   mg/lcg
   (pom)
  2,000
     <8
     <8
     
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                                  Table tt-i (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET 11 (Continued)
                                            Untreated Waste
                                  Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
1*1. Phenanthrene
1U2. Phenol
1«5. Pyrene
1*8. 1,2,U,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,*-Trichlorobenzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
15*. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc

INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
    K019
Concentration
    ng/lcg
    (pom)
      <50
      120
      *70
      <25
       61.
       21
       76
      100
<6.0
 1.2
0.97
0.63
 *.0
 2.1
   3)1
  • ~
 3.0
<0.9
<2.0
 5.8
     <0.5
     <5.0
      790
 RCRA Blend*
Concentration
   mg/lcg
   (ppn)
    210
   <100
    <20
  3,*00
   <100
    2*0"
     78
    200
    <50
    <50
                    2*
                    9*
                   1.3
                  <0.3
                    40
                   165
                    27
                   8.8
                  <0.9
                   2.2
                 *,170
    0.9
     31
    830
  Kiln Ash    Kiln  Ash
Concentration   TCLP .
  »g/kg
   3pm)
    <2
    <5
    10
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <5
    <5
                  8.0
                  3.6
                   26
                 0.66
                   **
                2,370
                  120
                   66
                  3.3
                  u. 1
                   12
  <0.«7
     38
     68
             <0.060
             <0.002
              0.033
             <0.003
              0.200
               ,690
               ,380
               ,680
             <0.009
             <0.020
              0.052
2.
0.
0.
•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
 sample set.
            The results are repeated in each
                                          4-5

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                             Table U-l (Continued)
SAMPLE SET
                                         (Continued)
DESIGN AMD OPERATING PARAMETERS

          Parameter

Kiln Temperature (°F)*
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
                              Operating Value

                                 1825-1900
                                    120
                                 K019:  13-1
                          RCRA Blend,
                          Waste Burner 01: 3-9-5.5
                          RCRA Blend,
                          Waste Burner *2: U.U-9.7
                                  0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                     4-6

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       Table 4-2  TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
                            PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR

                                      SAMPLE SET *2

                                                Uncreated Waste
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents

VOLATILES
  4. Benzene
  7. Carbon tetrachloride
  9. Chlorobenzene
 14. Chloroform
 22. 1,1-Oichloroethane
 23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
 34. Methyl ethyl tee tone
 38. Methylene chloride
 42. Tetrachloroethene
 43. Toluene
 45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 47. Trichioroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl lee tone

SEMIVOLATILES
 51. Acenaphthalene
 57. Anthracene
 65. Benzo( lc)fluoranthene
 63. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
 70. Bis(2-ethylhexyi) phthalate
 80. Chrysene
 87. o-Diehlorobenzene
 88. p-Oichlorobenzene
 98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109• Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
    K019
Concentration
   mg/lcg
   (ppm)
  <2,000
   3,800
  <2,000
   5,800
  <2,000
  96,000
 <10,000
 <10,000
   6,700
  <2,000
  33,ooo
   2,400
  <2,000
 <10,000
  <2,000
 <10,000
     280
     <10
     SNA
     <10
      74
      16
      60
 RCRA Blend*
Concentration
   mg/lcg
   (pom)
    000
     <8
     <8
     <8
     <8
     <8
    940
    910
    490
    300
    130
    360
    400
    200
    200
3
1,
2
  1,100
     150
     110
      67
     <20
      40
      28
     250
      32
      31
     120
      53
    <100
                Treated Waste
                  Kiln Ash
                Concentration
                   sng/ leg
                   (ppm)
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
                    <2
SNA A standard Ls not available; the compound was searched using an MBS Library  data-
    base of 42,000 compounds.  The compound was not detected.
  • Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.  The results are repeated  in  eacr.
    sample set.
                                          4-7

-------
                                  Table  U-2  (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET  *2  (Continued)
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
163. Zinc

INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
                                             Untreated  Waste
                                 Treated Waste
    K019       RCRA Blend»    Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
    ing/leg         ing/kg         Eg/kg
    (ppm)         (pom)         (pom)
      <50
       85
      314
      <25
       51
       15
       62
       65
    <6.0
    <0.2
    <0.9
    0.46
     3.4
     1.7
     2.3
     3.6
    <0.9
    <2.0
     6.9
     <0.5
     <5.0
       NA
   210
  <100
   <20
 3,100
  <100
   240
    78
   200
   <50
   <50
   24
   94
  1.3
 <0.3
   uo
  165
   27
  3.8
 <0.9
  2.2
4,170
  0.9
   31
  830
  <2
  <5
  10
  <2
  <2
  <2
  <5
  <5
<0.47
  5.1
  <50
                           Kiln  AJ
                             TCL?
                             mg/L
                            (pom)
6.8
2.3
23
0.96
60
3,430
42
89
3.4
4.8
13
<0.060
<0.002
0.036
0.004
0.130
2.380'
0.260
0.560
<0.009
<0.020
0.071
NA Not Analyzed.

•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.  The  results are  repeated  in each
 sample set.
                                          4-8

-------
                             Table U-2 (Continued)




                           SAMPLE SET 12 (Continued)

DESICM AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

          Parameter                   Design             Operating Value

Kiln Temperature (°F)*                .  *                    1800-1880
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)        *                       120
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*             •                   K019:  12.2
                                                     RCRA Blend,
                                                     Waste Burner *1: 5.2-5.5
                                                     RCRA Blend,
                                                     Waste Burner *2: U.tt-g.7
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)             *                    0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                     4-9

-------
       Table 4-3  TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED  BY  EPA  FOR  K019
                            PLANT A - ROTARY KILN  INCINERATOR

                                      SAMPLE SET 13
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

VOLATILES
  4. Benzene
  7. Carbon tetrachloride
  9• Chlorobenzene
 14. Chloroform
 22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
 23- 1,2-Dichioroethane
 34. Methyl ethyl Ice tone
 38. Methylene chloride
 42. Tetrachloroethene
 43. Toluene
 45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229- Methyl isobutyl Icetone
                                                Untreated  Waste
    K019
Concentration
   mg/lcg
   (pom)
  <2,000
   3,500
  <2,000
   5,000
  <2,000
  87,000
 <10,000
 <10,000
   6,000
  <2,000
  34,000
   2,200
  <2,000
 <10,000
  <2,000
 <10,000
 RCRA Blend*
Concentration
   og/kg
   (pom)
   2,000
      <8
      <8
      <8
      <8
      <8
     940
     910
     490
   2,300
     130
     360
   3,400
   1,200
   2,200
   1,100
Treated Wasti
  Kiln Ash   ~
Coneentration
   mg/leg
   (pom)
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    10
    <2
SEMIVOLATILES
 51.  Acenaphthalene
 57.  Anthracene
 65.  Benzo(!c)fluoranthene
 63.  Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
 70.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 80.  Chryaene
 87.  o-Oichlorobenzene
 38.  p-Oichlorobenzene
 98.  Di-n-butyl phthalate
108.  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
110.  Hexachlorobenzene
     290
     <10
     SNA
     <10
      30
      19
      73
     150
     110
      67
     <20
      40
      28
     250
      32
      31
     120
      53
    <100
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound uas searched using  an  MBS  Library daca-
    base of 42,000 compounds.  The compound was not detected.
  • Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.  The results are  repeated in eacr.
    sample set.
                                          4-10

-------
                                  Table 4-3  (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET 13 (Continued)
                                            Untreated Waste
                            Treated  Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorqbenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Triehlorobenzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
163. Zinc

INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
KOI 9 RCRA Blend*
Concentration Concentration
mg/kg
(pom)
<50
95
350
<25
59
11
<10
<10
67
70
mg/tcg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration TCLP
ing/ kg
(ppm)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
5
<5
ng/L
( pom)










<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.53
 3.5
 1.7
 3.4
 2.3
<0.9
<2.0
 4.U
<0.5
<5.0
  NA
   24
   94
  1.3
 
-------
                             Table 4-3 (Continued)
                           SAMPLE SETT 13 (Continued)
DESIGM AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

         Parameter

Kiln Temperature (°F)+
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
     Operating Value

        1850-1900
           120
       K019:  12.tt
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner 41:. 5.2-5.3
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: U.U-3.U
        0.19-0.21
This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                     4-12

-------
      Table 4-4  TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
                           PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR

                                     SAMPLE SET *4

                                                Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

VOLATILES
  4. Benzene
  7. Carbon tetrachloride
  9. Chlorobenzene
 14. Chloroform
 22. 1,1-01chloroethane
 23. 1,2-Oichioroethane
 34. Methyl ethyl ketone
 38. Methylene chloride
 42. Tetrachloroethene
 43. Toluene
 45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone

SEMIVOLATILES
 51. Acenapiithalene
 57. Anthracene
 65. Benzo(lc)fluoranthene *
 63. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
 70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 80. Chrysene
 37. o-Oichlorobenzene
 38. p-Dichlorobenzene
 98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
KOI 9
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
3,900
<2,000
5,300
<2,000
122,000
< 10, 000
<1 0,000
7,200
<2,000
44,000
2,300
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
< 10, 000
<10
<10
<10
310
<10
SNA
<10
34
<10
<10
21
61
RCRA Blend •
Concentration
og/kg
(pen)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
  Kiln Ash
Concentration
   ing/kg
   (pom)
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    10
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    <2
    12
    <2
    <2
    <2
   230
    <2
    <2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an MBS Library  daca-
    base of 42,000 compounds.  The compound was not detected.
   •Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.  The results are repeaced  in  each
    sample set.
                                          4-13

-------
                                  Table 4-4  (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET *4  (Continued)
                                            Untreated Waste
                                 Treated  Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
Til. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexaehloroethane
121. Naphthalene .
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
1*5. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1_r 2,4-TrichloPo benzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
163. Zinc

INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170; Fluoride
171. Sulfide

MA s Mot Analyzed.
    KOI9       BCRA Blend*    Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
    fflg/fcg         ng/lcg         ing/kg
    (pom)         (pom)         (pom)
      <50
       94
      360
      <25
       64
       19
       82
       74
     <6.0
     <0.2
     <0.9
     <0.3
      1.8
     <1.0
      2.4
      2.2
     <0.9
     <2.0
      9.4
     <0.5
     <5.0
       NA
   210
  <100
   <20
 3,400
  <100
   240
    78
   200
   <50
   <50
   24
   94
  1.3
 <0.3
   40
  165
   27
  8.8
 <0.9
  2.2
4,170
  0.9
   31
  830
  <2
  <5
  10
  <2
  <2
  <2
  <5
  <5
 <6.0
 ' 5.7
  8.4
 <0.3
   28
 ,270
   25
   69
  2.6
 <2.0
   11

-------
                             Table 4-4 (Continued)
                           SAMPLE SET *U (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

          Parameter

Kiln 'Temperature (°F)-
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
      Operating Value

         1775-1900
             120
        K019:  12.7
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner 11: 5.2-5.3
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: 4.4-7.3
         0.19-0.21
This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                     4-15

-------
Table 4-5   TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
                      PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR

                                SAMPLE SET *5

                                          Untreated Waste

K019
RCRA Blend*
Concentration Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22 . 1,1 -Diehloroethane
23. 1 ,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
5 1 . Acenaphthalene
57 . Anthracene
65 . Benzo( k ) f luoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Oichlorobenzene
98. Di-o-butyl phthalate
1 08 . Fluoran thene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
SNA A standard is not available;
og/kg
(pom)

<2,000
4,000
<2,000
6,000
<2,000
130,000
< 10, 000
< 10, 000
7,800
<2,000
45,000
2,500
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
< 10 ,000

<10
<10
< 10
340
< 10
SNA
< 10
90
< 10
< 10
19
87
the compound was
mg/kg
(pom)

2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100

150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
searched using an MB:
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
" Only one sample of RCRA Blend
sample set.
waste was taken

The results are rei

Treated Was «
  Kiln Ash
Concentrat>3g
   mg/kg   ' '< '
   (pom)
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         10
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2
                                                                         <2

                                                                  Library data-

                                                              repeated in each
                                   4-16

-------
                                  Table 4-5 (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET 15 (Continued)

                                            Untreated Waste
                            Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hezachlorcbueadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentaehlorobenzene
141. Phenan threne
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Tr ichlorobenzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc

INORGANICS
169- Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
IC0 19
Concentration
ing/kg
(pom)
<50
113
371
<25
63
19
<10
<10
73
72
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
og/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
Kiln Ash
Concentration
ing/ kg
(pom)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCL?
mg/L
(ppm)









<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.36
3.2
2.1
2.5
4.8
<0.9
<2.0
4.7
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
<0.5
<5.0
  NA
0.9
 31
830
                              9.1
                              3.9
                               21
                              1.2
                              125
                             ,780
                               86
                              166
                              3.3
                              5.7
                               22

-------
                             Table U-5 (Continued)
                           SAMPLE SET *5 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

       Parameter

Kiln Temperature (°F)*
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
       Operating Value

           1775-1800
              120
         K019:   11.7
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner  #1: 5.5-6.0
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner  *2: 5.2-9.7
          •0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                    4-18

-------
      Table 4-6   TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA  FOR  KOI9
                            PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR

                                      SAMPLE SET 16

                                                Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

VOLATILES
  U. Benzene
  7. Carbon tetrachloride
  9. Chiorobenzene
 14. Chloroform
 22. 1,1-OichIoroethane
 23. 1,2-Diehloroethane
 34. Methyl ethyl Icetone
 38. Methylene chloride
 42. Tetrachloroethene
 43. Toluene
 45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 U7. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl Icetone

SEMIVOLATILES
 51. Acenapthalene
 57. Anthracene
 65. Benzo(lc)fluoranthene
 68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
 70. 8is(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 30. Chryaene
 37. o-Dichlorobenzene
 38. p-Dichlorobenzene
 98. Di-o-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
    K019
Concentration
   ing/kg
   (ppm)
  <2,000
   4,100
  <2,000
   5,600
  <2,000
  98,000
 <10,000
 <10,000
   6,900
  <2,000
  44,000
   2,500
  <2,000
 < 10,000
  <2,000
 <10,000
     330
     <10
     SNA
     <10
      90
      22
      66
 RCRA Blend*
Concentration
   mg/kg
   (pom)
   2,000
      <8
      <8
      
-------
                                  Table U-6  (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET 16  (Continued)
                                            Untreated Waste
                                 Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachioroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachiorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
1U2. Phenol
1«5. Pyrene
1U8. l,2,U,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,U-Trichloroenzene

Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents

METALS
15t. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. line

INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide

NA r Not Analyzed.
    KOI9       RCRA Blend*    Kiln Asn
Concentration Concentration Concentration
    ing/leg         ing/leg         mg/lcg
    (pom)         (pom)         (pom)
      <50
       88
      390
      <25
       65
       17.
       86
       79
     <6.0
     <0.2
     <0.9
     0.62
      5.3
      3.6
      3.5
      6.0
     <0.9
     <2.0
      a.a
     <0.5
     <5.0
       NA
   210
  <100
   <20
 3,<»00
  <100
   2UO
    78
   200
   <50
   <50
   2U
   94
  1.3
 <0,3
   uo
  165
   27
  8.8
 <0.9
  2.2
1,170
  0.9
   31
  830
   <2
   <5
   10
   <2
   <2
   <2
   <5
   <5

-------
                                  table U-6 (Continued)
                                SAMPLE SET 16 (Continued)


DESIGN AMD OPERATING PARAMETERS

              Parameter                   Design              Operating Value

    Kiln Temperature (°F)*                  •                    1775-1850
    Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)        •                       120
    Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*             •                   K019:  11.5
                                                       RCRA Blend,
                                                       Waste Burner fl: 5.2-5.8
                                                       RCRA Blend,
                                                       Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9-7
    Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)             •                    0.19-0.21
    •This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
                                         4-21

-------
              5.   DETERMINATION  OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
                     AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY  (BOAT)
    This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining best
demonstrated available technology (BOAT)  for K073 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters.

    To determine BOAT, the Agency examines all available  performance data
on technologies that are identified as demonstrated to determine (using
statistical techniques) whether one or more of the technologies  performs
significantly better than the others.   All performance data used for
determination of best technology must  first be adjusted for accuracy,  as
discussed in EPA's publication Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment
Standards.  (An accuracy adjustment accounts for the ability of  an
analytical technique to recover a particular constituent  from the waste
in a particular test.  The recovery of a  constituent is usually
determined by spiking a sample with a  known amount of the target
constituent and then comparing the spiked sample amounts  with results
from unspiked samples.)  BDAT must be  specifically defined for all
streams associated with the management of the listed waste or wastes;
this pertains to the original waste as well as any residual waste streams
created by the treatment process.  Additionally, the ANOVA test  is
available to compare two or more demonstrated technologies and determine
which offers the best treatment.  The  ANOVA test is described fully  in
the methodology background document (USEPA 1989a).

    The technology that performs best, based on ANOVA tests,  on  a
particular waste or waste treatability group is then evaluated to
determine whether it is "available."  To  be available,  the technology
must (1) be commercially available to  any generator and (2) provide
"substantial" treatment of the waste,  as  determined through evaluation of
accuracy-adjusted data.  In determining whether treatment is substantial,
EPA may consider data on the performance  of a waste similar to the waste
                                    5-1
305«g

-------
in question provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to
treat.  If the best technology is found to be not available, then the
next best technology is evaluated, and so on.

    Incineration is the only technology identified as demonstrated for
K019 and, consequently, K073 waste (see Section 4).  EPA has determined
in Section 3 that incineration is commercially available and demonstrated
on a waste similar to K073.  Also, EPA believes that incineration
provides substantial treatment because no constituents in K019 have
boiling points higher than those of the constituents of concern in K073.
These K019 constituents have been reduced to nondetectable levels;
therefore, the constituents that are regulated in K073 can be reduced to
nondetectable levels in the residual nonwastewater ash and in the
residual wastewater stream (the scrubber water).  Thus, incineration is
"best."

    As "best," "demonstrated," and "available," incineration is therefore
BOAT for K073 waste.
                                    5-2
3054g

-------
              6.   SELECTION  OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS


    This section presents the methodology and rationale for the selection
of regulated constituents for the treatment of K073.


    Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
    1.  They must be on the BOAT list of regulated constituents.
        (Presence on the BOAT list implies the existence of approved
        techniques for analyzing the constituent in treated waste
        matrices.)

    2.  They must be present in, or be suspected of being present in,  the
        untreated waste.  For example, in some cases,  analytical
        difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a constituent  from
        being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification
        in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it
        is present in the untreated waste.

    3.  Where performance data are transferred,  the selected constituents
        must be easier to treat than the waste constituent(s) from which
        performance data are transferred.  Factors for assessing  ease of
        treatment vary according to the technology of concern.  For
        instance,  for incineration the factors include bond dissociation
        energy, thermal conductivity, and boiling point.
    From the group of constituents that are eligible to be regulated

(i.e., all constituents on the BDAT list),  EPA may select a subset of

constituents as representative of the broader group.  For example,  out of

a group of constituents that react similarly to treatment, the Agency

might name only those that are the most difficult to treat as regulated
constituents for the purpose of setting a standard.


6.1      Identification of BDAT List Constituents


    As discussed in Sections 2 and 4, the Agency has no performance data
from treatment of K073 by incineration.  Compositional data were obtained
                                    6-1
3055g

-------
from the Listing Background Document for this waste and The Chlorine
Institute, Inc..  Performance data are available for K019, which the
Agency believes is similar to K073 because they both contain carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and
1,1,1-trichloroethane and therefore represents a source of transfer.
These data, along with information on the K073 waste-generating process,
have been used to determine which BDAT list constituents are or may be
present in the waste and thus which ones are potential candidates for
regulation.  Table 6-1 indicates, for the untreated waste, which
constituents the Agency believes may be present.  These 11 constituents
were considered as candidates for regulation.

6.2      Constituent Selection

    The Agency has regulated 5 of the 11 candidates believed to be
present in K073.  The constituents are carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.  These
constituents are those that are believed to be present in the highest
concentrations.

    Although other constituents appear in the compositional data for
K073, they are present at much lower concentrations than the five
constituents to be regulated.  The Agency, therefore,  believes that
incineration will destroy these other constituents as well as those that
are regulated.
                                    6-2
30558

-------
30SOg
              Table 6-1  Potential Candidates for Regulation
Constituent
Volatile organics

Carbon tetrachloride*
ChloroTonn
Hexachloroethane'
Tetrachloroethene*
1.1.1-THch loroethane'
Pentachloroethane
Tetrachlorcethylene
Oichloroethylene
I,1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
Various chlorinated propanes
*These constituents are selected for regulation.
                               6-3

-------
            7.   CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
    The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT
treatment systems.  These standards must account for analytical
limitations in available performance data and must be adjusted for
variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques
and procedures.

    Concentration-based BDAT standards are determined for each
constituent by multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted
constituent concentrations detected in the treated waste by a
"variability factor" specific to each constituent.  Accuracy adjustment
of performance data was discussed in Section 5 in relation to defining
"substantial treatment."  Variability factors correct for normal
variations in the performance of a particular technology over time.   They
are designed to reflect the 99th percentile level of performance that the
technology achieves in commercial operation.

    Where EPA has identified BDAT for a particular waste, but because of
data limitations or for some other compelling reason cannot define
specific treatment standards for that waste, the Agency can require the
use of that treatment process as a technology standard.  Similarly,  where
there are no known generators of a waste, or where EPA believes that the
waste can be totally recycled or reused as a raw material,  the Agency may
specify a "no land disposal" standard, which effectively amounts to
setting the performance standard at zero for all waste constituents.

    In the case of K073 waste, the Agency is setting treatment standards
for the organic constituents shown in Tables 7-1 and 7-2 at the end of
this section.  These treatment standards are based on the performance
data from incineration of K019 waste (see Tables 4-1 through 4-6).

                                    7-1
3056g

-------
    The accuracy-adjusted concentration for Tables 7-1 and  7-2
constituents is the analytical result multiplied by a correction  factor.

    After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy,  the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for  each
constituent.  In cases where the constituent is not detected above its
detection limit, the detection limit is used to calculate the average
constituent concentration in the treated waste.  The next step in
calculating treatment standards is to determine the variability factor
for each regulated constituent.

    EPA is using a variability factor of 2.8 for all treatment standard
calculations for K073 nonwastewaters because treatment performance data
for each constituent transferred from K019 was below the detection limit
in the K019 incinerator ash.  The variability factors for constituents in
K073 wastewaters are also all 2.8 because the treatment performance for
each constituent transferred from K019 was below the detection limit in
the incinerator scrubber water.  EPA's publication Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards details both accuracy adjustment and
the determination and use of variability factors.

    Table 7-3 summarizes all treatment standards being established for
K073 waste.  Note that concentrations are expressed in terms of mg/kg and
mg/1 for nonwastewaters and wastewaters, respectively.
                                    7-2
3056g

-------
"*3050g
                          Table 7-1  Calculation of Nonwastewater Treatment Standards for Constituents
                                              Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste
   Constituent—-
   Treated average
    nonwastewater
concentration (mg/kg)
Analytical   Correction factor        Corrected                      Treatment
 recovery     (reciprocal of         analytical      Variability     standard
    (%)   - analytical recovery)       values      ..  .factor   „   , (mg/kg).
 Volati1e orqahics

 Carbon tetrachloride
 "hloroform
 Tetrachloroethene
 »1,1,1-Trichloroethane

 Semivolatile orqanics

 Hexachloroethane
           <2.0
           <2.0
           <2.0
           <2.0
           <10.0
     91
     91
     91
     91
    103
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0*
 2.2
 2.2
 2.2
 2.2
10.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
                                                                                                       2.8
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
               30
  Tor recoveries greater than 100%, the Agency  is using a maximum value of 100%.  The correction factor  (the reciprocal of
  the analytical recovery)  is therefore 1.0.

-------
3050g
                           Table  7-2   Calculation  of Wastewater  Treatment  Standards  for Constituents
                                             Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste


Constituent
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethene
1.1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Treated average
wastewater
concentration (mg/kg)
0.0175
0.0124
0.0011
0.001
Analytical
recovery
(%)
86
100
100
100
Correction factor
(reciprocal of
analytical recovery)
1.16
1.0
1.0
1.0
Corrected
analytical
values
0.0204
0.0124
0.0011
0.001

Variability
factor
2.8
3.71
5.35
5.35
Treatment
standard
(mg/kg)
0.057
0.046
0.056
0.007
Semivolatile organics

Hexachloroethane
0.0138
70.5
1.42
0.0196
2.8
0.055

-------
3050g
                 Table 7-3  Treatment Standards for K.073 Waste
Constituent
Nonwastewaters
    Total
concentration
   (mg/kg)
(grab sample)
   Wastewaters
    Total
 concentration
   (mg/1)
(composite sample)
Volatile orqanics

Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,1.-Trichloroethane

Semivolatile orqanics

Hexachloroethane
    6.2
    6.2
    6.2
    6.2
   30
       0.057
       0.046
       0.056
       0.054
       0.055
NA = Not applicable.

-------
                             8.   REFERENCES
USEPA.  1980.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  RCRA listing background document.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S.
  Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA.  1987.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  Generic quality assurance project plan for land disposal
  restrictions program ("BOAT").  EPA/530-SW-87-011.  Washington,  D.C.:
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA.  1988.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
  document for K019.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency.

USEPA.  1989a.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  Methodology for developing BOAT treatment standards.
  Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA.  1989b.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  Treatment technology background document.  Washington,  D.C.:
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA.  1990.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
  Waste.  Background document for Third Third U and P wastes and
 "multi-source leachates.  Volume A.  Washington,  D.C.:  USEPA.
                                    8-1
3059g

-------
                           APPENDIX A

                      WASTEWATER STANDARDS
                      FROM U AND  P  WASTES
                          (USEPA 1990)
3059g

-------
          Carbon Tetrachloride (U221).  The data available for carbon
tecrachloride were compiled from Che WERL database, BOAT Solvents Rule data,
and literature UAO and PACT" data.   These data are presented in Table 4-9.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, BT,
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), GAG, PACT", RO,  SS,  and UOx.  The
treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot, and full-scale  studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.200 ppb to 12,000 ppb.

          The proposed and promulgated BDAT standard was set using BT
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb.  BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was used
as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule.  The effluent concentration achievable by
this technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the SS
and GAG treatment performance data.

          The resulting BDAT treatment standard for carbon tetrachloride  is
0.057 ppm as shown in Table 6-10.
                                       A-l

-------
                                                 TABLE 4-9
                                     WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                           FOR CARBON TETRACHLORZDE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS+F11
Airs
. BT
BT
CAC
CAC
SAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
SCO*
ss
ss
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Full
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
(pptJ) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
203A
203A
203A
IB
206B
97SB
2020
6B
241B
240A
6B
6B
1328E
P22S
REF4
203A
1264B
237A
242E
Zimpro
Zlapro
323B
650
251B
251B
203A
240A
Zimpro
242E
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
51-44000
95
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
860
2000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
4330000
1000000
NO. or
DATA
POINTS
14
14
14
6
20


3
5
12
14
2
5
17
1
14

1

1
1
1

10
10
14
12
1

AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFEREI
CONCENTRATION <%> (%)
(ppb)
11.000
IS. 000
13.000
16.000
0.200
3.000
130.000
10.000
S.OOO
4.000
10.000
10.000
7600.000
10.000
s.soo
101.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
1.000
30.000
2.000
20.000
5.000
10.000
26.000
4.000
12000.000
2000.000
84
78
81
88
99.67
94.8
99.32
96.7
98.3
90.7
99.09
99.96
89


0
87
89
98.5
99.9
98.5
98
96.5
99.99
99.41
62
90.7
99.7
99.92
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HAD
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
» ITD data presented In the BOAT Solvent* Rule F001-F005  Background Document.
                                                   A-2

-------
          Chloroform (U044).  Several sources of wastewater treatment

performance data were available for chloroform including data from che ITD,

and VERL databases and literature VAO and PACT* data.  These data are

presented in Table 4-15.  Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS,

AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, CAC+AirS, chemical oxidation (ChOx), GAG, PACT", RO,  SS,

TF, and WOx.  The treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot-, and

full-scale data.


          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were

used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.

          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in  that
               database.  These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.

          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.


          The BDAT for chloroethane is SS and using  the ITD median long term

average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BDAT treatment standard equal

to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173.  The BDAT treatment
standard for chloroethane is 0.046 ppm.
                                     A-3

-------
                                                TABLE 4-15
                                    HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                              FOR CHLOROFORM
                                  DETECTION      RANGE      NO. OF     AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT      INFLUENT      DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
               SIZE                 (ppb)    CONCENTRATION  POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (%l        (%)
                                                 (ppb)                   (ppb)
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS+Fil
Airs
Airs
AlrS
AlrS
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
PllOC
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Bench
Piloc
Piloc
Bench
1607B
IB
203A
14 1A
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
68
IB
6B
20:0
234A
IB
37SE
IB
97SB
234A
234A
«a
238A
1607B
1607B
206B
37SE
1SB7E
241B
234A
203*
68
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328E
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
3
«
14

2
3
14
3
7
i
3


6
7
6



3
3
3
2
20
7

5

14
27
29

14
3
14
5

1
5
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2.300
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
18.000
19.000
38.000
1.300
2.000
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.000
90.1
96.8
61
92.3
97.4
86
77
SO
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
85
84
87
98.7
S3
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
98.2
77
83
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
                                                     A-4

-------
                                                TABLE 4-15 (Continued)
                                    HASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                               FOR CHLOROFORM
                                  DETECTION      RANGE      NO. OF     AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT      INFLUENT      DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
               SIZE                 (ppb)    CONCENTRATION  POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (%)        (%)
                                                 (ppb)                   (ppb)
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
AirS
CAC
CACtAlrS
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx (Oz)
ChOx (Oz)
CAC
CAC
CAC
GAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
SCOx
• ss
• ss
ss
ss
ss
SS '
TF
TF
TF
WOX
HOX
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
22SB
17A
17A
17A
17A
210B
17A
132BE
434B
203A
1833D
640E
640E
3310
3310
12648
3310
24SB
237A
24SB
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
180A
2SOB
250B
£50
4 1ST
913
6B
68
2S1B
251B
240A
IB
203A
ZLmpro
Zimpro
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1470
38
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10 7330-1088000
10 28700-200000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4450000
270000
1




1

5
4
14
25
2
1




1
1
1

1
1




IS
14
15
2
10
10
14
4
14
1
1
0.130
2. £00
110.000
3.900
4.200
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
0.200
7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
1.000
20.000
0.890
110.000
53.000
1.700
10.500
129.200
10.000
120.000
£000.000
9600.000
11.300
14.000
102.000
3000.000
1000.000
98.9
96.9
91.7
88
98.6
99.2
98.fi
84
98
22
89
96
99
37
35
87
98. £
97.6 .
98.1
96.2
47
99.9
47
71
94.5
87
99.83


99.99
99.88
99.99
96.4
89
86
24
99.9
99
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-
ITD-.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WCRL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
                                                       A-5

-------
          Tetrachloroethene  (U210).  Several sources of wastewater  treatment
performance data were available for tetrachloroethene, including  data  from the
ITD and WERL databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and literature PACT* data.
These data are presented in Table 4-39.  Demonstrated treatment technologies
included AL, AS, AS+Fil, Airs, AnFF, BT, CAC+AirS, ChOX, chemical reduction
(Chred), GAG, PACT0, RO, SS,  TF,  and WOx.  The treatment performance data
represents bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data  from  the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD  include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
               database.  These data were used in determining an  ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have  undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          The BDAT for tetrachloroethylene is SS and using the ITD  median long
term average and ITD Option 1 variability factor, a BDAT treatment  standard
equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173.  The BDAT
treatment standard for tetrachloroethene is 0.056 ppm.
                                      A-6

-------
            TABLE 4-39
MASTCHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
      FOR TETRACHLOROETH4EENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FII
As+ni
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
AirS
AirS
Anrr
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full
ruil
Pull
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppta) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
IB
IB
IB
IB
238A
1S87E
234A
238A
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
6B
68
221B
710
2238
222B
217B
207B
69A
220B
2088
1363E
2148
1042E
322B
1362E
724D
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
6
3
5
4
3


3
4

S
5
3
6
S
6
22
4
6
6

6
S
4
3
IS
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1

9
3

10.000
10.000
2.000
8.000
2.100
0.870
22.000
1.600
1.000
3.900
9.000
S.OOO
22.000
28.000
11.000
440.000
8.000
6.000
48.000
26.000
0.600
a. ooo
14.000
100.000
230.000
11.000
0.500
0.200
0.800
0.200
0.300
0.500
0.960
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.900
0.500
1.200
5.000
4.400
80
83
97.5
85
87
97.8
49
87
96
96.7
75
96.7
43
71
95.3
85
89.5
93
79
78
95.9
as
74
83
99.04
97.7
95.8
98.7
99.43
94.3
99.73
98.3
98.4
99.76
99.17
97.1
99.31
99.71
99.75
99.74
99.99
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
WtRL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
MERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
                 A-7

-------
                                                 TABLE 4-39 (Continued)
                                     UASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                           FOR TETRACHLOROETHgttNE
(continued!
                                   DETECTION      RANGE      NO. OF     AVERAGE
 TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT      INFLUENT      DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
                SIZE                 (ppb)    CONCENTRATION  POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (%)        (%)
                                                  (ppb)                   (ppbl
BT
BT
BT
CACmrS
ChOx
ChO«
Chr«d
GAC
GAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
• ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
0V (B)
HOx
WOx
Full
Full
Full
Full
Plloc
Pilot
Banch
Full
Full
Full
B*neh
3«neh
Bench
Plloc
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
B«nch

Plloc
P22S
P280
REF4
18330
2026A
2026A

1264B
24SB
237A
242E
Zlmpco
Zimpro
323B
180A
913 10
2518
6B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1138E
REF10
780
95-31500
110-1748
62
0-100
0-100
0-100
250
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
304
136
0-100
0-100
10800-241000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
41000
1000000
18
12
1
7
4
4
1

1
1


1
1

14
10
2
5
5
3
4
6
5
1
1

47.000
10.000
7.300
0.100
2.000
1.700
5.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
0.250
18.400
10.000
10.000
12.000
26.000
18.000
1.000
6.000
3.000
7.500
1000.000
900.000



89
86
84

95.2
99.13
96.3
92.6
99.7
93
68
81

99.29
99.95
81
83
54
96.9
92.7
94.3
85

99.98
BOAT i
BOAT I
BOAT I
HERL
HERL
HER!
ART
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WAO
MAO
WERL
WERL
ITD-I
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
WERL
t ITD data pr»»»nt«d in ch« BOAT Solvvnc* Rula F001-F005 Background Document.
                                                    /us

-------
          1.1.1,-Trichloroethane  (U226).  Several sources of wastewater
treatment performance data were  available for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, including

data from the ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and  literature

WAO data.  These data are presented in Table 4-42.  Demonstrated treatment

technologies included AL, AS, AirS, BT, GAG, PACT",  RO, SS, TF,  and WOx.  The

treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot-,  and  full-scale studies.
          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were

used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:


          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.

          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to  inclusion  in that
               database.  These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.

          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.


          The BDAT for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is SS and using  the ITD median

long term average and ITD Option 1 variability factor, a BDAT treatment

standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173.  The
BDAT treatment standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is 0.54 ppm.
                                      A-9

-------
                                                 TABU 4-42
                                     WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                            FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
                                   DETECTION      RANGE      NO.  OF     AVERAGE
 TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT       INFLUENT      DATA      EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
                SIZE                  (ppb)    CONCENTRATION  POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (%)        (%)
                                                  (ppb)                   (ppb)
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
B«nch
Pilot
Pilot
IB
201B
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
375E
IB
97 SB
234A
206B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
23BA
234A
IB
238A
1587E
IB
37SE
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
IB
234A
202D
REF6
REF2
0-100
0-100
0-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
237
1SOOOO
5
6
4

£
s
4
s
6
3
7
4


20
s
6
6
4
6

3

3
3

5
7
3
3
3
S
5
3


1
6
10.000
21.000
10.000
1.300
850.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
12.000
10.000
1.000
12.000
4.000
1.000
0.300
54.000
5.000
30.000
5.000
28.000
1.300
2.200
1.300
2.000
2.900
0.270
100.000
1.000
7.000
8.000
2.000
8.000
1.000
4.000
1.300
1 £00. 000
23.000
48683.000
90
79
89
99.88
87
84
84
81
90
98.9
92.3
87
98.1
97. £
99.77
89
96.2
39
95
94.3
7£
as
73
95.8
77
99.73
70
92.3
83
84
95. 8
97.2
98.4
88
88
98.6


MERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
30AT
BOAT
I ITO data pr«*enc«d in cha BOAT Solvanti Rula TOOl-FOOS Background Document.
                                                      A-10

-------
                                                TABLE 4-42  (Continued)
                                    HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                          FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
                                  DETECTION      RANGE      NO. OF     AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT      INFLUENT      DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
               SIZE                 (ppb)    CONCENTRATION  POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (%)        (%)
                                                 (ppb)                   (ppb)
Airs
AlrS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
BT
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
SS
• ss
SS
TF
TT
TF
TF
uv IB)
HO»~
HOC
HOC
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench

Full
Full
211B
207B
812E
222B
812E
2118
1362E
812E
217B
205E
1344E
219B
P240
1362E
1264B
1264B
812E
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
180A
2SOB
323B
2SOB
6B
913
REF2
375E
IB
IB
IB
1138E
REF10
Zimpro
242E
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10-215
10-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4970
405
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
10 11900-35000
150000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
370000
SO 6900-9600
100000-1000000
1
1

1

1
3

1


1
3





1
1


1


14
5
7
5
6
5

1
2

1.000
0.500
49.000
1.100
3.000
1.700
130.000
12.000
0.300
7.000
0.200
0.500
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.000
1.000
25.000
0.050
36.000
2.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
463.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
5.000
30.000
1000.000

400.000
98.8
97.5
95.9
99.75
92.9
99.5
97.8
89
97
96.8
99.98
96.7

99.99
96.6
99.35
99.05
93.8
99.9
93.8
98.2
95.6
97.8
93.8
99.94


50
92.6
98.3
92.2
40


99.96
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
BOAT •
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HAO
UAO
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
ITD-L '
BOAT »
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
BOAT 1
HAO
HERL
 ITD data presented in the BOAT Solvent* Rule F001-FOOS Background Document.
                                                      A-ll

-------
          Hexachloroethane  (U131).  The data available for hexachloroethane
were compiled from  the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-97.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AS and AS+Fil in pilot and full-
scale studies.  The resulting effluent concentration for both studies was
10 ppb.

          The proposed and  promulgated BOAT standard was set using AS+Fil
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb.  AS+Fil was selected as BOAT
since it represents full-scale treatment performance with a high removal
efficiency.

          The resulting BOAT treatment standard for hexachloroethane is 0.055
ppm as shown in Table 6-10.
                                    A-12

-------
                                                  TABU: 4-97
                                      NASTENATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                              TOR HEXACXLOROETHANE
                                    DETECTION       RANGE        NO. Of     AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY    TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LIMIT        INFLUENT       DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
                 SIZE                 (ppb)     CONCENTRATION    POINTS  CONCENTRATION    (%)       (»)
                                                    (ppb)                    (ppb)

    AS          Pilot       24 IB                   100-1000        11           10.000             97.1       NCRL
• As*rii         run        «B                    100-1000        14           10.000             93.8       MCRL •
                                                       A-13

-------