-------
table U-6 (Continued)
SAMPLE SET 16 (Continued)
DESIGN AMD OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter Design Operating Value
Kiln Temperature (°F)* • 1775-1850
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min) • 120
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)* • K019: 11.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner fl: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9-7
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM) • 0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
4-21
-------
5. DETERMINATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining best
demonstrated available technology (BOAT) for K073 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters.
To determine BOAT, the Agency examines all available performance data
on technologies that are identified as demonstrated to determine (using
statistical techniques) whether one or more of the technologies performs
significantly better than the others. All performance data used for
determination of best technology must first be adjusted for accuracy, as
discussed in EPA's publication Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment
Standards. (An accuracy adjustment accounts for the ability of an
analytical technique to recover a particular constituent from the waste
in a particular test. The recovery of a constituent is usually
determined by spiking a sample with a known amount of the target
constituent and then comparing the spiked sample amounts with results
from unspiked samples.) BDAT must be specifically defined for all
streams associated with the management of the listed waste or wastes;
this pertains to the original waste as well as any residual waste streams
created by the treatment process. Additionally, the ANOVA test is
available to compare two or more demonstrated technologies and determine
which offers the best treatment. The ANOVA test is described fully in
the methodology background document (USEPA 1989a).
The technology that performs best, based on ANOVA tests, on a
particular waste or waste treatability group is then evaluated to
determine whether it is "available." To be available, the technology
must (1) be commercially available to any generator and (2) provide
"substantial" treatment of the waste, as determined through evaluation of
accuracy-adjusted data. In determining whether treatment is substantial,
EPA may consider data on the performance of a waste similar to the waste
5-1
305«g
-------
in question provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to
treat. If the best technology is found to be not available, then the
next best technology is evaluated, and so on.
Incineration is the only technology identified as demonstrated for
K019 and, consequently, K073 waste (see Section 4). EPA has determined
in Section 3 that incineration is commercially available and demonstrated
on a waste similar to K073. Also, EPA believes that incineration
provides substantial treatment because no constituents in K019 have
boiling points higher than those of the constituents of concern in K073.
These K019 constituents have been reduced to nondetectable levels;
therefore, the constituents that are regulated in K073 can be reduced to
nondetectable levels in the residual nonwastewater ash and in the
residual wastewater stream (the scrubber water). Thus, incineration is
"best."
As "best," "demonstrated," and "available," incineration is therefore
BOAT for K073 waste.
5-2
3054g
-------
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents the methodology and rationale for the selection
of regulated constituents for the treatment of K073.
Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
1. They must be on the BOAT list of regulated constituents.
(Presence on the BOAT list implies the existence of approved
techniques for analyzing the constituent in treated waste
matrices.)
2. They must be present in, or be suspected of being present in, the
untreated waste. For example, in some cases, analytical
difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a constituent from
being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification
in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it
is present in the untreated waste.
3. Where performance data are transferred, the selected constituents
must be easier to treat than the waste constituent(s) from which
performance data are transferred. Factors for assessing ease of
treatment vary according to the technology of concern. For
instance, for incineration the factors include bond dissociation
energy, thermal conductivity, and boiling point.
From the group of constituents that are eligible to be regulated
(i.e., all constituents on the BDAT list), EPA may select a subset of
constituents as representative of the broader group. For example, out of
a group of constituents that react similarly to treatment, the Agency
might name only those that are the most difficult to treat as regulated
constituents for the purpose of setting a standard.
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents
As discussed in Sections 2 and 4, the Agency has no performance data
from treatment of K073 by incineration. Compositional data were obtained
6-1
3055g
-------
from the Listing Background Document for this waste and The Chlorine
Institute, Inc.. Performance data are available for K019, which the
Agency believes is similar to K073 because they both contain carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and
1,1,1-trichloroethane and therefore represents a source of transfer.
These data, along with information on the K073 waste-generating process,
have been used to determine which BDAT list constituents are or may be
present in the waste and thus which ones are potential candidates for
regulation. Table 6-1 indicates, for the untreated waste, which
constituents the Agency believes may be present. These 11 constituents
were considered as candidates for regulation.
6.2 Constituent Selection
The Agency has regulated 5 of the 11 candidates believed to be
present in K073. The constituents are carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
hexachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. These
constituents are those that are believed to be present in the highest
concentrations.
Although other constituents appear in the compositional data for
K073, they are present at much lower concentrations than the five
constituents to be regulated. The Agency, therefore, believes that
incineration will destroy these other constituents as well as those that
are regulated.
6-2
30558
-------
30SOg
Table 6-1 Potential Candidates for Regulation
Constituent
Volatile organics
Carbon tetrachloride*
ChloroTonn
Hexachloroethane'
Tetrachloroethene*
1.1.1-THch loroethane'
Pentachloroethane
Tetrachlorcethylene
Oichloroethylene
I,1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
Various chlorinated propanes
*These constituents are selected for regulation.
6-3
-------
7. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT
treatment systems. These standards must account for analytical
limitations in available performance data and must be adjusted for
variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques
and procedures.
Concentration-based BDAT standards are determined for each
constituent by multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted
constituent concentrations detected in the treated waste by a
"variability factor" specific to each constituent. Accuracy adjustment
of performance data was discussed in Section 5 in relation to defining
"substantial treatment." Variability factors correct for normal
variations in the performance of a particular technology over time. They
are designed to reflect the 99th percentile level of performance that the
technology achieves in commercial operation.
Where EPA has identified BDAT for a particular waste, but because of
data limitations or for some other compelling reason cannot define
specific treatment standards for that waste, the Agency can require the
use of that treatment process as a technology standard. Similarly, where
there are no known generators of a waste, or where EPA believes that the
waste can be totally recycled or reused as a raw material, the Agency may
specify a "no land disposal" standard, which effectively amounts to
setting the performance standard at zero for all waste constituents.
In the case of K073 waste, the Agency is setting treatment standards
for the organic constituents shown in Tables 7-1 and 7-2 at the end of
this section. These treatment standards are based on the performance
data from incineration of K019 waste (see Tables 4-1 through 4-6).
7-1
3056g
-------
The accuracy-adjusted concentration for Tables 7-1 and 7-2
constituents is the analytical result multiplied by a correction factor.
After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each
constituent. In cases where the constituent is not detected above its
detection limit, the detection limit is used to calculate the average
constituent concentration in the treated waste. The next step in
calculating treatment standards is to determine the variability factor
for each regulated constituent.
EPA is using a variability factor of 2.8 for all treatment standard
calculations for K073 nonwastewaters because treatment performance data
for each constituent transferred from K019 was below the detection limit
in the K019 incinerator ash. The variability factors for constituents in
K073 wastewaters are also all 2.8 because the treatment performance for
each constituent transferred from K019 was below the detection limit in
the incinerator scrubber water. EPA's publication Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards details both accuracy adjustment and
the determination and use of variability factors.
Table 7-3 summarizes all treatment standards being established for
K073 waste. Note that concentrations are expressed in terms of mg/kg and
mg/1 for nonwastewaters and wastewaters, respectively.
7-2
3056g
-------
"*3050g
Table 7-1 Calculation of Nonwastewater Treatment Standards for Constituents
Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste
Constituent—-
Treated average
nonwastewater
concentration (mg/kg)
Analytical Correction factor Corrected Treatment
recovery (reciprocal of analytical Variability standard
(%) - analytical recovery) values .. .factor „ , (mg/kg).
Volati1e orqahics
Carbon tetrachloride
"hloroform
Tetrachloroethene
»1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semivolatile orqanics
Hexachloroethane
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<10.0
91
91
91
91
103
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0*
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
10.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
30
Tor recoveries greater than 100%, the Agency is using a maximum value of 100%. The correction factor (the reciprocal of
the analytical recovery) is therefore 1.0.
-------
3050g
Table 7-2 Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standards for Constituents
Proposed for Regulation in K073 Waste
Constituent
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethene
1.1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Treated average
wastewater
concentration (mg/kg)
0.0175
0.0124
0.0011
0.001
Analytical
recovery
(%)
86
100
100
100
Correction factor
(reciprocal of
analytical recovery)
1.16
1.0
1.0
1.0
Corrected
analytical
values
0.0204
0.0124
0.0011
0.001
Variability
factor
2.8
3.71
5.35
5.35
Treatment
standard
(mg/kg)
0.057
0.046
0.056
0.007
Semivolatile organics
Hexachloroethane
0.0138
70.5
1.42
0.0196
2.8
0.055
-------
3050g
Table 7-3 Treatment Standards for K.073 Waste
Constituent
Nonwastewaters
Total
concentration
(mg/kg)
(grab sample)
Wastewaters
Total
concentration
(mg/1)
(composite sample)
Volatile orqanics
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,1.-Trichloroethane
Semivolatile orqanics
Hexachloroethane
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
30
0.057
0.046
0.056
0.054
0.055
NA = Not applicable.
-------
8. REFERENCES
USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. RCRA listing background document. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Generic quality assurance project plan for land disposal
restrictions program ("BOAT"). EPA/530-SW-87-011. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for K019. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for developing BOAT treatment standards.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment technology background document. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Background document for Third Third U and P wastes and
"multi-source leachates. Volume A. Washington, D.C.: USEPA.
8-1
3059g
-------
APPENDIX A
WASTEWATER STANDARDS
FROM U AND P WASTES
(USEPA 1990)
3059g
-------
Carbon Tetrachloride (U221). The data available for carbon
tecrachloride were compiled from Che WERL database, BOAT Solvents Rule data,
and literature UAO and PACT" data. These data are presented in Table 4-9.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, BT,
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), GAG, PACT", RO, SS, and UOx. The
treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.200 ppb to 12,000 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BDAT standard was set using BT
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was used
as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by
this technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the SS
and GAG treatment performance data.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for carbon tetrachloride is
0.057 ppm as shown in Table 6-10.
A-l
-------
TABLE 4-9
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CARBON TETRACHLORZDE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS+F11
Airs
. BT
BT
CAC
CAC
SAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
SCO*
ss
ss
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Full
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
(pptJ) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
203A
203A
203A
IB
206B
97SB
2020
6B
241B
240A
6B
6B
1328E
P22S
REF4
203A
1264B
237A
242E
Zimpro
Zlapro
323B
650
251B
251B
203A
240A
Zimpro
242E
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
51-44000
95
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
860
2000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
4330000
1000000
NO. or
DATA
POINTS
14
14
14
6
20
3
5
12
14
2
5
17
1
14
1
1
1
1
10
10
14
12
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFEREI
CONCENTRATION <%> (%)
(ppb)
11.000
IS. 000
13.000
16.000
0.200
3.000
130.000
10.000
S.OOO
4.000
10.000
10.000
7600.000
10.000
s.soo
101.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
1.000
30.000
2.000
20.000
5.000
10.000
26.000
4.000
12000.000
2000.000
84
78
81
88
99.67
94.8
99.32
96.7
98.3
90.7
99.09
99.96
89
0
87
89
98.5
99.9
98.5
98
96.5
99.99
99.41
62
90.7
99.7
99.92
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HAD
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
» ITD data presented In the BOAT Solvent* Rule F001-F005 Background Document.
A-2
-------
Chloroform (U044). Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for chloroform including data from che ITD,
and VERL databases and literature VAO and PACT* data. These data are
presented in Table 4-15. Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS,
AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, CAC+AirS, chemical oxidation (ChOx), GAG, PACT", RO, SS,
TF, and WOx. The treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot-, and
full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BDAT for chloroethane is SS and using the ITD median long term
average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BDAT treatment standard equal
to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173. The BDAT treatment
standard for chloroethane is 0.046 ppm.
A-3
-------
TABLE 4-15
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%l (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS+Fil
Airs
Airs
AlrS
AlrS
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
PllOC
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Bench
Piloc
Piloc
Bench
1607B
IB
203A
14 1A
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
68
IB
6B
20:0
234A
IB
37SE
IB
97SB
234A
234A
«a
238A
1607B
1607B
206B
37SE
1SB7E
241B
234A
203*
68
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328E
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
3
«
14
2
3
14
3
7
i
3
6
7
6
3
3
3
2
20
7
5
14
27
29
14
3
14
5
1
5
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2.300
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
18.000
19.000
38.000
1.300
2.000
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.000
90.1
96.8
61
92.3
97.4
86
77
SO
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
85
84
87
98.7
S3
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
98.2
77
83
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
A-4
-------
TABLE 4-15 (Continued)
HASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
AirS
CAC
CACtAlrS
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx (Oz)
ChOx (Oz)
CAC
CAC
CAC
GAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
SCOx
• ss
• ss
ss
ss
ss
SS '
TF
TF
TF
WOX
HOX
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
22SB
17A
17A
17A
17A
210B
17A
132BE
434B
203A
1833D
640E
640E
3310
3310
12648
3310
24SB
237A
24SB
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
180A
2SOB
250B
£50
4 1ST
913
6B
68
2S1B
251B
240A
IB
203A
ZLmpro
Zimpro
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1470
38
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10 7330-1088000
10 28700-200000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4450000
270000
1
1
5
4
14
25
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
IS
14
15
2
10
10
14
4
14
1
1
0.130
2. £00
110.000
3.900
4.200
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
0.200
7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
1.000
20.000
0.890
110.000
53.000
1.700
10.500
129.200
10.000
120.000
£000.000
9600.000
11.300
14.000
102.000
3000.000
1000.000
98.9
96.9
91.7
88
98.6
99.2
98.fi
84
98
22
89
96
99
37
35
87
98. £
97.6 .
98.1
96.2
47
99.9
47
71
94.5
87
99.83
99.99
99.88
99.99
96.4
89
86
24
99.9
99
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-
ITD-.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WCRL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
A-5
-------
Tetrachloroethene (U210). Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for tetrachloroethene, including data from the
ITD and WERL databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and literature PACT* data.
These data are presented in Table 4-39. Demonstrated treatment technologies
included AL, AS, AS+Fil, Airs, AnFF, BT, CAC+AirS, ChOX, chemical reduction
(Chred), GAG, PACT0, RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance data
represents bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BDAT for tetrachloroethylene is SS and using the ITD median long
term average and ITD Option 1 variability factor, a BDAT treatment standard
equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173. The BDAT
treatment standard for tetrachloroethene is 0.056 ppm.
A-6
-------
TABLE 4-39
MASTCHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TETRACHLOROETH4EENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FII
As+ni
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
AirS
AirS
AirS
Anrr
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full
ruil
Pull
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppta) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
IB
IB
IB
IB
238A
1S87E
234A
238A
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
6B
68
221B
710
2238
222B
217B
207B
69A
220B
2088
1363E
2148
1042E
322B
1362E
724D
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
6
3
5
4
3
3
4
S
5
3
6
S
6
22
4
6
6
6
S
4
3
IS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
10.000
10.000
2.000
8.000
2.100
0.870
22.000
1.600
1.000
3.900
9.000
S.OOO
22.000
28.000
11.000
440.000
8.000
6.000
48.000
26.000
0.600
a. ooo
14.000
100.000
230.000
11.000
0.500
0.200
0.800
0.200
0.300
0.500
0.960
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.900
0.500
1.200
5.000
4.400
80
83
97.5
85
87
97.8
49
87
96
96.7
75
96.7
43
71
95.3
85
89.5
93
79
78
95.9
as
74
83
99.04
97.7
95.8
98.7
99.43
94.3
99.73
98.3
98.4
99.76
99.17
97.1
99.31
99.71
99.75
99.74
99.99
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
WtRL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
MERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
A-7
-------
TABLE 4-39 (Continued)
UASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TETRACHLOROETHgttNE
(continued!
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppbl
BT
BT
BT
CACmrS
ChOx
ChO«
Chr«d
GAC
GAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
• ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
0V (B)
HOx
WOx
Full
Full
Full
Full
Plloc
Pilot
Banch
Full
Full
Full
B*neh
3«neh
Bench
Plloc
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
B«nch
Plloc
P22S
P280
REF4
18330
2026A
2026A
1264B
24SB
237A
242E
Zlmpco
Zimpro
323B
180A
913 10
2518
6B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1138E
REF10
780
95-31500
110-1748
62
0-100
0-100
0-100
250
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
304
136
0-100
0-100
10800-241000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
41000
1000000
18
12
1
7
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
14
10
2
5
5
3
4
6
5
1
1
47.000
10.000
7.300
0.100
2.000
1.700
5.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
0.250
18.400
10.000
10.000
12.000
26.000
18.000
1.000
6.000
3.000
7.500
1000.000
900.000
89
86
84
95.2
99.13
96.3
92.6
99.7
93
68
81
99.29
99.95
81
83
54
96.9
92.7
94.3
85
99.98
BOAT i
BOAT I
BOAT I
HERL
HERL
HER!
ART
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WAO
MAO
WERL
WERL
ITD-I
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
WERL
t ITD data pr»»»nt«d in ch« BOAT Solvvnc* Rula F001-F005 Background Document.
/us
-------
1.1.1,-Trichloroethane (U226). Several sources of wastewater
treatment performance data were available for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, including
data from the ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and literature
WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-42. Demonstrated treatment
technologies included AL, AS, AirS, BT, GAG, PACT", RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The
treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BDAT for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is SS and using the ITD median
long term average and ITD Option 1 variability factor, a BDAT treatment
standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173. The
BDAT treatment standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is 0.54 ppm.
A-9
-------
TABU 4-42
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
B«nch
Pilot
Pilot
IB
201B
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
375E
IB
97 SB
234A
206B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
23BA
234A
IB
238A
1587E
IB
37SE
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
IB
234A
202D
REF6
REF2
0-100
0-100
0-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
237
1SOOOO
5
6
4
£
s
4
s
6
3
7
4
20
s
6
6
4
6
3
3
3
5
7
3
3
3
S
5
3
1
6
10.000
21.000
10.000
1.300
850.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
12.000
10.000
1.000
12.000
4.000
1.000
0.300
54.000
5.000
30.000
5.000
28.000
1.300
2.200
1.300
2.000
2.900
0.270
100.000
1.000
7.000
8.000
2.000
8.000
1.000
4.000
1.300
1 £00. 000
23.000
48683.000
90
79
89
99.88
87
84
84
81
90
98.9
92.3
87
98.1
97. £
99.77
89
96.2
39
95
94.3
7£
as
73
95.8
77
99.73
70
92.3
83
84
95. 8
97.2
98.4
88
88
98.6
MERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
30AT
BOAT
I ITO data pr«*enc«d in cha BOAT Solvanti Rula TOOl-FOOS Background Document.
A-10
-------
TABLE 4-42 (Continued)
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
Airs
AlrS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
BT
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
SS
• ss
SS
TF
TT
TF
TF
uv IB)
HO»~
HOC
HOC
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
211B
207B
812E
222B
812E
2118
1362E
812E
217B
205E
1344E
219B
P240
1362E
1264B
1264B
812E
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
180A
2SOB
323B
2SOB
6B
913
REF2
375E
IB
IB
IB
1138E
REF10
Zimpro
242E
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10-215
10-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4970
405
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
10 11900-35000
150000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
370000
SO 6900-9600
100000-1000000
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
14
5
7
5
6
5
1
2
1.000
0.500
49.000
1.100
3.000
1.700
130.000
12.000
0.300
7.000
0.200
0.500
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.000
1.000
25.000
0.050
36.000
2.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
463.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
5.000
30.000
1000.000
400.000
98.8
97.5
95.9
99.75
92.9
99.5
97.8
89
97
96.8
99.98
96.7
99.99
96.6
99.35
99.05
93.8
99.9
93.8
98.2
95.6
97.8
93.8
99.94
50
92.6
98.3
92.2
40
99.96
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
BOAT •
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HAO
UAO
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
ITD-L '
BOAT »
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
BOAT 1
HAO
HERL
ITD data presented in the BOAT Solvent* Rule F001-FOOS Background Document.
A-ll
-------
Hexachloroethane (U131). The data available for hexachloroethane
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-97.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AS and AS+Fil in pilot and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentration for both studies was
10 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BOAT standard was set using AS+Fil
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. AS+Fil was selected as BOAT
since it represents full-scale treatment performance with a high removal
efficiency.
The resulting BOAT treatment standard for hexachloroethane is 0.055
ppm as shown in Table 6-10.
A-12
-------
TABU: 4-97
NASTENATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
TOR HEXACXLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. Of AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (»)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS Pilot 24 IB 100-1000 11 10.000 97.1 NCRL
• As*rii run «B 100-1000 14 10.000 93.8 MCRL •
A-13
-------