-------
Table 4-7 (Continued)
Stabilization
Design and
Operating Parameters
Binder to Ash Ratio
Lime to Ash Ratio
Fly Aah to Ash Ratio
Water to Aah Ratio
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Mixture pll
Cure Time (Day a)
Run 1
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
23
11.6
28
Cement
Bun 2
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
23
11.5
28
Process
Kiln Duat
Bun 3
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
23
11.5
28
Run 1
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
19
12.1
28
Bun 2
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
19.5
12.1
28
Bun 3
0.2
NP
NP
0.5
20
12.1
28
•
Line
Run 1
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.0
28
and Fly
Run 2
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.1
28
Aah
Bun 3
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.1
28
Unconflned Compreaalve Strength
(lb/lnz)
913.5 921.6 1270 222.8 267.7 2«M.O 565.8 §12.6 578.8
UP -• Not applicable.
-------
Table 4-8 EPA-Designated Toxicity Test Applied to
Vitrified Slags Containing Arsenic
Arsenic
in slag
(%)
0.3
0..54
0.77
2.1
3.3
5.2
9.0
9.1
12.4
13.7
16.4
19.4
20.7
23.5
Analysis of leach solution for
arsenic from EP toxicity test
(mg/1)
0.007
0.016
0.047
0.448
0.421
0.902
0.337
0.415
0.115
0.308
0.377
0.802
0.846
1.791
EPA-specified concentration of arsenic for designation as a characteristic
toxic material is 5 mg/1. v
Source: Twidwell and Mehta 1985.
4-25
3089g
-------
5. DETERMINATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining best
demonstrated available technology (BOAT) for K021 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters.
To determine BOAT, the Agency examines all available performance data
on technologies that are identified as demonstrated on the waste of
concern or similar wastes to determine (using statistical techniques)
whether one or more of the technologies performs significantly better
than the others. All performance data used for determination of best
technology must first be adjusted for accuracy, as discussed in EPA's
publication Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. (An
accuracy adjustment accounts for the ability of an analytical technique
to recover a particular constituent from the waste in a particular test.
The recovery of a constituent is usually determined by spiking a sample
with a known amount of the target constituent and then comparing the
spiked sample amounts with results from unspiked samples.) BOAT must be
specifically defined for all streams associated with the management of
the listed waste or wastes; this pertains to the original waste as well
as any residual waste streams created by the treatment process.
Additionally, the ANOVA test is available to compare data from two or
more demonstrated technologies and determine which offers the best
treatment. The ANOVA test is described fully in the methodology
background document (USEPA 1989a).
The technology that performs best, based on ANOVA tests, on a
particular waste or waste treatability group is then evaluated to
determine whether it is "available." To be available, the technology
must (1) be commercially available to any generator and (2) provide
"substantial" treatment of the waste, as determined through evaluation of
accuracy-adjusted data. In determining whether treatment is substantial,
EPA may consider data on the performance of a waste similar to the waste
5-1
3090g
-------
in question provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to
treat. If the best technology is found to be not available, then the
next best technology is evaluated, and so on.
5.1 BOAT for Organics
The determination of substantial treatment of organics involves
comparing constituent concentrations in the original waste to the
respective concentrations in all residual streams from treatment. No
performance data are available for organics in the K021 waste as
generated, but because of its similarity to K019 the Agency believes the
"best" technology chosen for K019, incineration, would be applicable to
K021. Incineration of K021 waste as generated (a nonwastewater) will
result in two different treatment residues, scrubber water (wastewater)
and incinerator ash (nonwastewater). These residues should be devoid of
organic constituents; that is, the organic constituents will be present
in amounts below than the detection limit.
EPA has determined in Section 3 that incineration is demonstrated on
wastes similar to K021. Also, EPA believes that incineration provides
substantial treatment for organics because the performance data for K019
show that untreated concentrations of constituents with higher boiling
points than those of constituents regulated in K021 can be reduced to
nondetectable levels in both the residual nonwastewater ash and the
residual wastewater stream (the scrubber water). Thus, incineration is
selected as "best" for organic constituents in K021 wastes.
As "best," "demonstrated," and "available," incineration is therefore
BOAT for organics in K021 wastes.
5.2 BOAT for Metals
As discussed in Section 3, there are no demonstrated technologies for
antimony treatment in K021 wastewaters. The Agency is, therefore, not
5-2
3090g
-------
choosing a BOAT for metals treatment in K021 wastewaters. The method of
choosing regulatory levels for antimony in K021 wastewaters without a
demonstrated technology is explained in Section 7.
EPA has determined in Section 3 that vitrification is an applicable
and demonstrated technology for antimony in K021 nonwastewater
residuals. Also, EPA believes that vitrification for antimony provides
substantial treatment because antimony levels are reduced to the
EP-Toxicity level for arsenic. Additionally, vitrification yields
residues with minimal hazardous properties. Therefore, EPA .believes that
vitrification is BOAT, for antimony in nonwastewater residuals of K021.
EPA also is choosing a numerical level for antimony in nonwastewaters
based on stabilization performance data from K048-K052. This method of
choosing a numerical standard for antimony without a demonstrated
technology is outlined in Section 7.
5-3
3090g
-------
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents the methodology and rationale for the selection
of regulated constituents for the treatment of K021.
Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
1. They must be on the BDAT list of regulated constituents.
(Presence on the BDAT list implies the existence of approved
techniques for analyzing the constituent in treated waste
matrices.)
2. They must be present in, or be suspected of being present in, the
untreated waste. For example, in some cases, analytical
difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a constituent from
being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification
in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it
is present in the untreated waste.
3. Where performance data are transferred, the selected constituents
must be easier to treat than the waste constituent(s) from which
performance data are transferred. Factors for assessing ease of
treatment vary according to the technology of concern. For
instance, for incineration the factors include bond dissociation
energy, thermal conductivity, and boiling point.
From the group of constituents that are eligible to be regulated
(i.e., all constituents on the BDAT List), EPA may select a subset of
constituents as representative of the broader group. For example, out of
a group of constituents that react similarly to treatment, the Agency
might name only those that are the most difficult to treat as regulated
constituents for the purpose of setting a standard.
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents
As discussed in Sections 2 and 4, the Agency has no performance data
from treatment of organics in K021 waste by incineration. Compositional
6-1
3091g
-------
data for this waste were obtained from the RCRA Listing Background
Document. Performance data for organics are available for K019, which
the Agency believes is similar to K021 and therefore represents a source
of transfer. The Agency is using these data as the best source of data
for transfer. These data, along with information on the K021
waste-generating process, have been used to determine which BOAT list
constituents are or may be present in the waste and thus which ones are
potential candidates for regulation. Both K021 and K019 contain carbon
tetrachloride and chloroform, the primary constituents of concern in
K021. Table 6-1 indicates, for the untreated waste, three constituents
that the Agency believes are likely to be present in K021, based on
listing information. These three constituents (carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, and antimony) were considered as candidates for regulation.
6.2 Constituent Selection
The Agency is regulating the two organic BOAT list constituents
believed to be present in K021--carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
The Agency is also regulating antimony, the only BDAT list metal
believed to be present.
6-2
3091g
-------
Table.6-1 Candidates for Regulation in K021 Waste
Constituent
Volatile organics
Carbon tetrachloride3
Chloroform3
Metals
Antimony3
These constituents are selected for regulation.
6-3
3091g
-------
7. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT
treatment systems. These standards must account for analytical
limitations in available performance data and must be adjusted for
variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques
and procedures.
Concentration-based BOAT standards are determined for each constituent
by multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted constituent
concentrations detected in the treated waste by a "variability factor"
specific to each constituent. Accuracy adjustment of performance data is
discussed later in this section. EPA's publication Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards details both accuracy adjustment and
the determination and use of variability factors.
Where EPA has identified BOAT for a particular waste, but because of
data limitations or for some other compelling reason cannot define
specific treatment standards for that waste, the Agency can require the
use of that treatment process as a technology standard.
In the case of K021 waste, the Agency is setting treatment standards
for the volatile organic and metal constituents shown in Tables 7-1
and 7-2 at the end of this section. The organic treatment standards are
based on performance data from the incineration of K019 waste (see
Tables 4-1 through 4-6). The wastewater metal standards are also based
on incineration of K019. For nonwastewater metal residuals, standards
are based on either slag vitrification of arsenic or stabilization of
K048-K052 ash (see Tables 4-7 and 4-8),
As discussed in Sections 2 and 3, there are no demonstrated technolog-
ies or characterization data for antimony in K021 wastewaters or nonwaste-
waters. Antimony was present, however, in untreated K019 and K048-K052
7-1
3092g
-------
wastes, in the scrubber water residuals from the treatment of K019, and
in the ash residuals of K048-K052. Because the Agency does not know what
concentration of antimony is normally found in untreated K021 waste, it
assumes that there is not more antimony in K021 untreated waste than
there was in K019 or K048-K052 untreated waste. (The concentration of
antimony in the untreated K019 was 24 mg/1, and the concentration in the
untreated K048-K052 waste was 9 mg/1.) Based on this assumption, there
should be no more antimony in either the scrubber water or incinerator
ash from the treatment of K021 waste than is found in scrubber water and
incinerator ash from the treatments of K019 and K048-K052, respectively.
(The treated values for antimony from incineration of K019 are 0.38 mg/1
for scrubber water and <0.06 mg/1 TCLP for incinerator ash. For
K048-K052 incinerator ash, antimony was found at 0.06 to 0.09 mg/1
TCLP.) Therefore, the Agency is setting treatment standards for antimony
in K021 scrubber water based on the performance data from incineration of
K019 waste (see Tables 4-1 through 4-6); for antimony in K021 incinerator
ash, the Agency is setting standards based on the stabilization of
K048-K052 (see Table 4-8). If a facility should have to treat K021 with
antimony levels significantly higher than the levels found in K019 or in
K048-K052,
the sources of antimony transfer for K021, this facility may petition for
a variance. Additionally, the Agency is setting treatment standards for
antimony in the nonwastewater residuals of K021 from the vitrification
of arsenic because available literature (Tooley 1984) has revealed that
antimony is often used as a component in glass (i.e., vitrified).
The accuracy-adjusted concentration for a constituent in a matrix is
the analytical result multiplied by the correction factor (the reciprocal
of the recovery fraction). For example, if Compound A is measured
"Jc
The recovery fraction is the ratio of (1) the measured amount of
constituent .(or surrogate) in a spiked aliquot minus the measured amount
of constituent (or surrogate) in the original unspiked aliquot to (2)
the known amount of constituent (or surrogate) added to spike the
original aliquot. (Refer to the Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan
for Land Disposal Restrictions Program ("BDAT").)
7-2
3092s
-------
at 2.55 mg/1 and the recovery is 85 percent, the accuracy-adjusted
concentration is 3.00 mg/1:
2.55 rag/1 x 1/0.85 - 300 mg/1
(analytical result) (correction factor) (accuracy-adjusted concentration)
After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each
constituent. In cases where the constituent is not detected above its
detection limit, the detection limit is used to calculate the average
constituent concentration in the treated waste. The next step in
calculating treatment standards is to determine the variability factor
for each regulated constituent. EPA is using a variability factor of 2.8
for all of the volatile organic constituent treatment standard
calculations for K021 nonwastewaters because treatment performance values
for each constituent transferred from K019 was below the detection limit
in the K019 incinerator ash. All of the variability factors for
constituents in K021 wastewaters are also 2.8 because the treatment
performance for each constituent transferred from K019 was below the
detection limit.
The variability factor for antimony in nonwastewaters is 2.8 because
treatment performance from incineration of K048-K052 is below the
detection limit. Also, treatment performance for vitrification is from
one data set, making the variability factor 2.8. For antimony treatment
standards in wastewaters, the variability factor has been calculated to
be 1.26.
BOAT treatment standards are calculated for each constituent by
multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted concentrations by
the variability factor of each constituent. Table 7-3 summarizes all
treatment standards being established for K021 waste. Note that
concentrations are expressed in terms of mg/kg and mg/1 for
nonwastewaters and wastewaters, respectively.
7-3
3092g
-------
3077g
Table 7-1 Calculation of Nomastewater Treatment Standards for Constituents
Proposed for Regulation in K021 Waste
Treated average Analytical Correction factor Corrected Treatment
nonwastenater recovery (reciprocal of analytical Variability standard
Constituent concentration (rag/kg) (X) analytical recovery) values factor (mg/kg)
Volati le organ ics
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Metals
Ant i irony
< Z.O 91 1.1
< 2.0 91 1.1
TCLP (mg/1)
<0.060 74 a 1.35
2.2 2.8 6.2
2.2 2.8 6.2
TCLP (mg/1)
0.08 2.8 0.23
a No analytical recoveries are available for antimony from K019. Therefore, the analytical recovery for antimony is
taken from K048-K052 metals data. K048-K.052 are also organic nonwastewaters.
7-4
-------
3077g
Table 7-2 Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standards for Constituents
Proposed for Regulation in K021 Waste
Treated average Analytical Correction factor Corrected Treatment
wastewater recovery (reciprocal of analytical Variability standard
Constituent concentration (mg/1) (X) analytical recovery) values factor (mg/1)
Volatile organ ics
Carbon tetrachloride 0.0175 86 1.16
Chloroform 0.0124 100 1.0
Metals
Antimony 0.38 80. 7a 1.24
0.0204 2.8 0.057
0.0124 3.71 0.046
0.47 1.26 0.6
No analytical recovery information is available for metals in K019; therefore, the average of the analytical
recoveries for metals in K048-K052 were used. K048-K.052 are also organic nonwastewaters.
7-5
-------
3077g
Table 7-3 Treatment Standards for K021 Waste
Nonwastewaters
Constituent
Volatile organ ics
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Total
concentration
(mg/kg)
(Grab sample)
6.2
6.2
TCLP leachate
concentration
(mg/1)
(Grab sample)
HA
HA
Wastewaters
Total
concentration
(tng/D
(Composite sample)
0.057
0.046
Metals
Ant imony
HA
0.23
0.60
HA = Not applicable.
-------
8. REFERENCES
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. 16th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health
.Association.
Tooley, F.V. 1984. The handbook of glass manufacture. 3rd ed.
Volume I. New York: Ashlee Publishing Company, Inc.
USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. RCRA listing background document. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Generic quality assurance project plan for land disposal
restrictions program ("BOAT"). EPA/530-SW-87-011. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for K019. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for K048-K052. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for developing BDAT treatment standards.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment technology background document. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1990a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Proposed best demonstrated available technology (BDAT)
background document for characteristic arsenic (D004) and
characteristic selenium (D010). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1990b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for third third U&P wastes & multi-source leachates.
Volume A. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8-1
30938
-------
APPENDIX A
Wastewater Standards for U&P Wastes (USEPA 1990b)
3093g
-------
Carbon Tetrachloride (U221). The data available for carbon
tecrachloride were compiled from the WERL database, BOAT Solvents Rule data,
and literature VAO and PACT" data. These data are presented in Table 4-9.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, BT,
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), GAG, PACT", RO, SS, and WOx. The
treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.200 ppb to 12,000 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BOAT standard was set using BT
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was used
as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by
this technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the SS
and GAG treatment performance data.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for carbon tetrachloride is
0.057 ppm as shown in Table 6-10.
A-l
-------
TABLE 4-9
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
TOR CARBON TETRACHLORIOE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AS+Fil
Airs
• BT
BT
CAC
OAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
SCOx
ss
ss
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
Piloc
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Full
203A
203A
203A
IB
206B
975B
2020
6B
241B
240A
68
6B
132BE
P22S
REF4
203A
1264B
2 37 A
242E
Zlmpro
Zimpro
323B
650
2S1B
251B
203A
240A
Ziapro
242E
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
. 0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
51-44000
95
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
860
2000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
4330000
1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
14
14 '
14
6
20
3
5
12
14
2
5
17
1
14
1
1
1
1
10
10
14
12
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENC!
CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
11.000
15.000
13.000
16.000
0.200
3.000
130.000
10.000
5.000
4.000
10.000
10.000
7600.000
10.000
S.500
101.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
1.000
30.000
2.000
20.300
5.000
10.000
26.000
4.000
12000.000
2000.000
84
78
81
88
99.67
94.8
99.32
96.7
98.3
90.7
99.09
99.96
89
0
87
89
98.5
99.9
98.5
98
96.5
99.99
99.41
62
90.7
99.7
99.92
HER!
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
30AT »
BOAT »
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
I ITO data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document.
A-2
-------
Chloroform (U044). 'Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for chloroform including data from the ITD,
and VERL databases and literature WAO and PACT* data. These data are
presented in Table 4-15. Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS,
AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, CAC+AirS, chemical oxidation (ChOx), GAC, PACT". RO, SS,
TF, and WOx. The treatment performance data represents bench-, pilot-, and
full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for chloroethane is SS and using the ITD median long term
average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment standard equal
to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-173. The BOAT treatment
standard for chloroethane is 0.046 ppm.
A-3
-------
TABLE 4-15
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
As+rn
AS+Fll
Airs
Airs
AirS
Airs
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full
Piloc
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Banch
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Plloc
Full
Plloc
Full
Full
Full
Plloc
Full
Full
B«nch
Piloc
Plloc
Bench
FACILITY
16073
IB
203A
141A
16078
1607B
203A
IB
6B
IB
6B
2020
234A
IB
37SE
IB
9758
234A
234A
68
238A
16078
1607B
206B
375E
1587E
2 4 IB
234A
203A
6B
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
2138
1328E
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
3
6
14
2
3
14
3
7
5
3
6
7
6
3
3
3
2
20
7
5
14
27
29
14
3
14
5
1
5
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2.300
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
18.000
19.000
38.000
1.300
2.000
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.300
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(%) <*)
90.1
96.8
61
92.3
97.4
86
77
80
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
'51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
35
84
87
98.7
53
65
98
99.41
95.3
93.1
98.2
77
33
REFERENC)
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
A-4
-------
TABLE 4-15 (Continued)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
TECHNOLOGY
AirS
Airs
Airs
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
AlrS
Airs
AlrS
CAC
CAC+AlrS
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx (Oz)
ChOx (Oz)
GAC
CAC
CAC
CAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
SCOX
• ss
• S3
SS
ss
ss
ss •
TF
TF
TF
WOx
MOx
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bonch
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bancn
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
22SB
17A
17A
17A
17A
210B
17A
1328E
434B
203A
18330
640E
640E
331D
3310
12648
331D
24SB
237A
24SB
242E
Zlopro
Zimpro
180A
250B
2SOB
650
415T
913
6B
6B
2S1B
2 5 IB
240A
IB
203A
ZLapro
Zimpro
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1470
38
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10 7330-1088000
10 28700-200000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4450000
270000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENC
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
1
1
5
4
14
25
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
14
15
2
10
10
14
4
14
1
1
0.130
2.600
110.000
3.900
4.200
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
0.200
7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
1.000
20.000
0.890
110.000
53.000
1.700
10.500
129.200
10.000
120.000
6000.000
9600.000
11.000
14.000
102.000
3000.300
1000.000
98.9
96.9
91.7
88
98.6
99.2
98.6
84
98
22
89
96
99
37
35
87
98.6
97.6
98.1
96.2
47
99.9
47
71
94.5
87
99.83
99.99
99.38
99.99
96.4
89
86
24
99.9
99
HER!
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WER1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
:TD-L
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
A-5
-------
Antimony. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance dara were
available for antimony, including data from the ITD-CMDB and WERL database.
These data are presented in Table 4-118. Demonstrated treatment technologies
included AS, CAC, L+Sed, and L+Sed+Fil. The treatment performance data
represents bench- and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD-CMDB were used
.for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this constituent
for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD-CMDB represents industry wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of ITD's effluent guidelines
work. These data are therefore a good reflection of the metals
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
that database. These data were used in determining ITD
promulgated limits.
(3) In addition, the ITD-CMDB data have been challenged in court
and were upheld. These data therefore represent a reviewed and
accepted source of treatment performance data.
The BOAT for antimony is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation
and filtration (L+Sed+Fil) and using the ITD mean long term average and ITD-
CMDB variability factor, a BOAT treatment standard equal to the ITD 1-day
maximum limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-10. The BOAT treatment
standard for antimony is 1.9 ppm.
-------
TABLE 4-118
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR ANTIMONY
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (»)
(ppb)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC (B)
L+Sad
• L+Sed+Fil
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
IB
97 SB
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
6388
0-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
8SOO
8500
i
11
2
6
6
6
4
6
1
58.000
59.000
6.000
6.000
5.000
2.000
2.000
14.000
6.000
200.000
700.000
470.000
59.00
66.00
54.00
68.00
44.00
60.00
50.00
72.00
50.00
88.00
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-CMDB
ITO-CMD3
A-7
-------