FINAL AMENDMENT TO THE FINAL BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR DISTILLATION BOTTOM TARS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF PHENOL/ACETONE FROM CUMENE K022 Richard Kinch Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch Jose Labiosa Project Manager U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Solid Waste 401 M Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 May 1990 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3.0 (APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 i . 2-1 2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 2-1 2.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 2-2 2.2.1 Organic Constituents 2-2 2.2.2 Metal Constituents 2-2 3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (PERFORMANCE DATABASE) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 3-1 3.1 Treatment of Organic Constituents 3-1 3.2 Treatment of Metal Constituents 3-2 4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.2 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY - WASTEWATER) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 . . . 4-1 4.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data 4-2 4.2 Best Demonstrated Technology for Metal Constituents in K022 Wastewaters 4-2 4.3 Available Treatment Technologies for Metal Constituents in K022 Wastewaters 4-3 5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.2 (SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS - CONSTITUENT SELECTION) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 5-1 5.1 BOAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation ... 5-2 5.1.1 BOAT List Constituents Not Detected in the Untreated Waste 5-3 5.1.2 BOAT List Constituents Not Analyzed for in the Untreated Waste 5-3 5.1.3 BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for Regulation for Other Reasons 5-3 5.2 BDAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation 5-4 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 6.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.2 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS - WASTEWATER) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 6-1 7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7-1 8.0 REFERENCES 8-1 APPENDIX A - Summary of Treatment Performance Data for Organic Constituents Regulated in K022 A-l APPENDIX B - Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance Data B-l ii ------- LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K022 - WASTEWATERS 1-4 3-1 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR TREATMENT OF K062 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY VACUUM FILTRATION 3-4 5-1 STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 . . 5-6 5-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K022 WASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING 5-13 5-3 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K022 WASTEWATERS 5-14 6-1 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN WASTEWATER FORMS OF K022 6-4 iii ------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) established best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of the listed hazardous waste identified in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as K022, distilla- tion bottom tars from the production of phenol/acetone from cumene. BOAT treatment standards are established in accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984. BOAT treat- ment standards will be effective no later than May 8, 1990, and on and after the effective date, compliance with these BOAT treatment standards is a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of the waste in land disposal units. The treatment standards established for nonwastewater forms of K022 were based on EPA-generated and industry-submitted treatment performance data from fuel substitution of K022. Because the treatment of K022 by these fuel substitution units did not generate wastewaters, and because the Agency had not identified any other sources of treatment performance data that may have been used to develop treatment standards for K022 wastewaters, the Agency did not issue treatment standards for wastewater forms of K022 in the final rule published in the Federal Register on August 17, 1988 (53 Federal Register 31156). However, since that time, it has come to the Agency's attention that generators of K022 may, through treatment, handling, or storage, generate a wastewater form of this waste. Consequently, the Agency is establishing treatment standards for organic and metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. The Agency prefers, whenever possible, to use wastewater treatment data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment units rather than to base treatment standards for wastewater forms of a waste on consti- tuent concentrations in incinerator scrubber water. EPA has compiled a 1-1 ------- database of wastewater treatment data for use in establishing treatment standards for wastewater forms of U and P wastes and multi-source leachate. These data, compiled from a variety of sources, were transferred on a con- stituent-by-constituent basis to K022 organic constituents to develop treat- ment standards for K022 wastewaters. For metal constituents in K022 waste- waters, EPA transferred treatment performance data from chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062. The specific constituents being regulated and the corresponding treatment standards are listed in Table 1-1, at the end of this section. The treatment standards are based on the total concentration of each constituent in the waste for organic and metal constituents in wastewaters. The units used for total concentration of organic constituents are mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis) for K022 wastewaters. If the con- centrations of the constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters, as generated, are lower than or are equal to the treatment standards, then treatment of the waste would not be required prior to "land disposal," as defined by 40 CFR Part 268. The treatment standards published on August 17, 1988, for organic and metal constituents in nonwastewater forms of K022 are not being revised at this time. This amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for K022 (Reference 2) presents EPA's rationale and technical support for selecting the constituents for regulation in wastewater forms of K022. Technologies that are applicable, demonstrated, and available for treatment of the constituents selected for regulation in K022 wastewaters, along with the treatment technologies identified as BOAT and the calculation of treatment standards for constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters, are discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Back- ground Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). The treatment performance data on which these stan- dards are based are summarized in Appendix A of this document and are dis- cussed in greater detail in the Volume A document (Reference 3). 1-2 ------- The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab- lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1). Sections 2.0 through 6.0 of this document amend sections in the Final BDAT Background Document for K022 that refer to applicable and demon- strated treatment technologies, treatment performance data, accuracy-corrected data, constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of K022, and calculation of treatment standards, respectively. Section 7.0 contains acknowledgements and Section 8.0 lists references. Appendix A summarizes treatment performance data for organic constituents regulated in K022 waste- waters, and Appendix B contains quality assurance/quality control data for metal constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters. 1-3 ------- Table 1-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K022 WASTEWATERS Maximum for any Single Grab Sample Total Concentration BOAT List Constituent (mg/1) 53. Acetophenone 0.010 142. Phenol 0.039 159. Chromium (total) 0.35 163. Nickel 0.47 Maximum for any 24-Hour Composite Sample Total Concentration BOAT List Constituent (mg/1) 43. Toluene 0.080 106. Diphenylamine 0.52 219. Diphenylnitrosamine 0.40 1-4 ------- 2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3.0 (APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECH- NOLOGIES) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND .DOCUMENT FOR K022 This section amends the discussion in Section 3.0 (Applicable/- Demonstrated Treatment Technologies) of the Final BOAT Background Document for K022. This section provides a discussion of the technologies that are appli- cable to treatment of organic and metal constituents in K022 wastewaters, and a determination of which, if any, of the applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose of establishing BOAT. To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that affect treatment selection. (Detailed descriptions of technologies that are applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 7). To be demonstrated, a technol- ogy must be employed in full-scale operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Technologies available only at pilot- or bench- scale operations are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies. 2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies The Agency recognizes that K022 wastewaters may be generated by treatment technologies including incineration. Since these wastewaters may contain hazardous organic constituents at treatable levels, applicable treat- ment technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amounts of various organic compounds in the waste. Technologies that are applicable for treatment of the organic and metal constituents in K022 wastewaters are identified in Section 3.0 of the Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). 2-1 ------- 2. 2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 2.2.1 Organic Constituents Technologies that are demonstrated for treatment of organic constituents in K022 are discussed in the Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). 2.2.2 Metal Constituents The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. However, chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration is demonstrated for metal constituents in similar wastewaters, such as K062, as discussed in Section 3.0 of this document. Additionally, all of the treatment technologies that were identified as applicable for treatment of metal constituents in K083 wastewaters in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3) are considered to be demonstrated for treatment of these constituents. The Agency is not aware of any other technologies that are demon- strated for treatment of wastewater forms of K022. 2-2 ------- 3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (PERFORMANCE DATABASE) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 This section supplements the discussion in Section 4.0 (Performance Database) of the Final BOAT Background Document for K022 to present the treatment performance data that were used to develop treatment standards for organic and metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data from treatment of a similar waste or wastes. EPA's methodology for the transfer of treatment performance data is provided in the Agency's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1). Transfer of treatment performance data is technically valid in cases where the untested wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing steps, or have waste characteristics affecting treatment selection and performance that are similar to those of the tested wastes. The Agency does not have any treatment performance data from treatment of wastewater forms of K022. Therefore, treatment performance data were transferred from other wastewaters that were judged to be similar to develop treatment standards for K022 wastewaters. These data are discussed in the following subsections. 3.1 Treatment of Organic Constituents The treatment performance data that were used to develop treatment standards for organic constituents in K022 wastewaters are summarized in Appendix A of this document and are discussed in greater detail in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). These data were used because the Agency prefers to use performance data from appropriate wastewater treatment units that are well-designed and well-operated, rather than use data on constituent concentrations in scrubber water. Constituent concentrations in scrubber water represent the only other source of data 3-1 ------- available for transfer to K022 wastewaters. The Agency believes that the wastewater treatment performance data summarized in Appendix A represent the best source of treatment performance data available for transfer to wastewater forms of K022. On a constituent-by-constituent basis, the tested wastes represented in these treatment performance data have similar waste characteristics affecting treatment performance and selection as the untested K022 wastewaters. 3.2 Treatment of Metal Constituents The Agency examined all of the available wastewater treatment performance data. Performance data for treatment of metal constituents in various industrial wastewaters were developed by EFA's Office of Water. Additionally, EPA's database for chemical precipitation followed by filtration of wastewaters is included in the California List Notice of Data Availability (Reference 4). EPA screened the available data to determine whether any wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing steps, or have similar waste characteristics as those expected for wastewater forms of K022, The metal constituents of concern in K022 are chromium and nickel, as shown by the waste characterization data included in the Final BOAT Background Document for K022. Based on waste characterization data, K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes and K022 wastewaters are expected to contain the constituents of concern at similar concentrations. (Waste characterization data for the metal-bearing wastes tested by the Agency's Office of Water were insufficient to compare these wastes to K022 in terms of waste generation and waste characterization.) EPA then examined the relative treatability of K022 wastewater and the mixture of K062 and metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes. As discussed in the Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 7), waste characteristics that affect treatment performance for chemical precipitation include the concentrations and types of metals in the waste, the concentrations of dissolved solids in the waste, the oil and grease content of the waste, and whether the metals exist in the wastewater as a complex. As discussed above, both K022 and the K062 mixture are expected to contain the 3-2 ------- constituents of concern. EPA considers K062 wastewaters to be more difficult to treat than K022 wastewaters because equal or higher concentrations of metals and dissolved solids are anticipated in K062 than in wastewater forms of K022. These higher concentrations of metals and dissolved solids would interfere more with the effectiveness of the precipitation reactions intended to remove the metals of concern. Since K022 wastewaters are frequently scrubber waters generated from incineration, oil and grease would not be expected to be present at significant concentrations. However, the K062 mixture contains oil and grease and may therefore be more difficult to treat than K022 scrubber water. Complex metals are not considered to be significant parameters in either waste. In consideration of these points, the mixture of K062 and metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes is considered to be more difficult to treat than wastewater forms of K022. Based on these analyses, transfer of treatment performance data from chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes to K022 wastewaters was judged to be valid. Treatment performance data for chemical precipitation followed by filtration from K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes are included in Table 3-1. 3-3 ------- Table 3-1 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR TREATMENT OF K062 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY VACUUM FILTRATION* Sample Set #8 Sample Set #11 Sample Set #12 BOAT LIST METAL CONSTITUENT 154. Antimony 155. Arsenic 156. Barium 157. Beryllium 158. Cadmium 221. Chromium (hexavalent) 159. Chromium (total) 160. Copper 161. Lead 162. Mercury 163. Nickel 164. Selenium 165. Silver 166. Thallium 168. Zinc Concentration in Untreated K062 Mixture (ppm) <10 <1 <10 <2 <5 0.13 831 217 212 <1 669 <10 <2 <10 151 Concentration in Treated K062 Mixture Waste- water (ppm) <1 <0.1 <1 <0.2 <0.5 <0.01 0.15 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 0.36 <1 <0.2 <1 0.130 Concentration in Untreated K062 Mixture (ppm) <10 <1 <10 <2 <5 0.08 395 191 <10 <1 712 <10 <2 <10 5 Concentration in Treated K062 Mixture Waste- water (ppm) <1 <0.1 <1 ' <0.2 <0.5 0.106 0.12 0.14 <0.01 <0.1 0.33 <1 <0.2 <1 0.070 Concentration in Untreated K062 Mixture (ppm) <10 <1 12 <2 23 0.30 617 137 136 <1 382 <10 <2 <10 135 Concentration in Treated K062 Mixture Uaste- . water (ppm) <1.00 <0.10 <1.00 <0.20 <5 <0.01 0.18 0.24 <0.01 <0.10 0.39 <1.00 <0.20 <1.00 0.100 *0nly 3 of the 12 sample sets analyzed at Plant B represented treatment by this treatment train. Other data sets included pretreatment technologies such as chromium reduction and treatment for cyanide. These data are not included here, since they were not considered for transfer, as discussed in Section 3.2 of this document. Source: Envirite Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 5). ------- 4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.2 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY - WASTEWATER) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 This section amends the discussion in Section 5.2 (Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology - Wastewater) of the Final BDAT Background Document for K022. This section discusses technologies that are available for treatment of metal constituents in K022 wastewaters and identifies BDAT for K022 wastewater metals. The technologies that were identified as BDAT for the organic constituents of concern in K022 are discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). To determine the best technology, the Agency examines all available performance data for technologies that are identified as demonstrated for the waste of concern, or for a similar waste, to evaluate whether one or more of the technologies performs significantly better than the others. If performance data are available for only one technology for treating a waste, then that technology is "best." When data are available for more than one treatment technology, the "best" performing treatment technology is usually determined by statistical methods, as discussed in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1). As discussed in Section 3.0, only one set of performance data was available for transfer to the metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. In the case of the wastewater treatment performance data available to the Agency for organic constituents (and described in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3)), a data hierarchy was established to determine the "best" technology for each constituent. This hierarchy is described in the latter-referenced document. The treatment technology that is found to perform best on a particular waste stream is then evaluated to determine whether it is "available." To be available, the technology must (1) be commercially 4-1 ------- available, and (2) provide substantial treatment of the waste, as determined through evaluation of treatment performance data that have been corrected for accuracy. In determining whether treatment is substantial, EPA may consider data on a treatment technology's performance on a waste similar to the waste of concern provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to treat as the waste of concern. If it is determined that the best-performing treatment technology is not available, then the next best technology is evaluated to determine whether it is "available." 4.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data The available treatment performance data (presented in Section 3.0) were reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent a well-designed and well-operated treatment system, whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data, and whether appropriate measures of performance were used to assess the performance of the particular treatment technology. The treatment performance data and the design and operating data collected during the test of chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration were reviewed for the points described above. The appropriate measure of performance (total constituent concentration) was used to assess the treatment system. Additionally, the Agency has no reason to believe the treatment system was not well-designed and well-operated, or that insufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control measures were employed in generating treatment performance data. 4.2 Best Demonstrated Technology for Metal Constituents in K022 Wastewaters As discussed above, chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration have been determined to be demonstrated for treatment of metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. Because the Agency does not have treatment performance data for any other demonstrated and available technologies for treating metal constituents in K022 wastewaters or similar wastes, this 4-2 ------- treatment train is considered to be the best. Therefore, the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022 has been determined to be chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration. 4.3 Available Treatment Technologies for Metal Constituents in K022 Wastewaters The best technology for treatment of metal constituents in K022 wastewaters, chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration, is considered to be commercially available. Furthermore, the Agency has determined that this technology provides substantial treatment of metals in K062 and therefore will provide substantial treatment of metals in K022. Consequently, this technology is considered BDAT for treatment of metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022. 4-3 ------- 5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.2 (SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS - CONSTITUENT SELECTION) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 This section amends the discussion in Section 6.2 (Selection of Regulated Constituents - Constituent Selection) of the Final BDAT Background Document for K022. This section includes a discussion of the selection of organic and metal constituents for regulation in wastewater forms of K022. Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the following criteria: (1) The constituent must be on the BDAT List of regulated con- stituents. Presence on the BDAT List means that EPA-approved methods exist for analysis of the constituent in treated waste matrices. (2) The constituent must be present in. or be suspected of being present in. the untreated waste. For example, in some cases, analytical difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a con- stituent from being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it is present in the untreated waste. From a group of constituents that are eligible for regulation because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents that represent the broader group. For example, from a group of constituents that react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation only those constituents that are (1) the most difficult to treat, based on waste characteristics affecting treatment performance; (2) representative of other constituents in the waste, based on structural similarities; and (3) present in the untreated waste in the highest concentrations. Selecting a subset of constituents for regulation is done to facilitate implementation of the compliance and enforcement program. The Agency initially considered all constituents on the BDAT List for regulation in wastewater forms of K022. Table 5-1, at the end of this section, summarizes available waste characterization data for K022. If an analysis for a constituent was performed but the constituent was not detected 5-1 ------- in the waste, the table indicates "ND" for that constituent. If the constituent was analyzed for and quantified at or above the detection limit, the table indicates "D" for that constituent. Constituents for which no analyses were performed are identified by "NA" (not analyzed). If a constituent is believed to be present in the untreated waste even if the characterization data do not indicate that it was detected, it is indicated in the "Believed to be Present" column in Table 5-1. Constituents marked with "Y" have been detected in the treated residual(s); thus, EPA believes they are present in the untreated waste even though they were not detected in the untreated waste. Constituents may not have been detected in the untreated waste for several reasons. For example, the untreated waste samples may not have been analyzed for those constituents, or interferences by other constituents may have prevented detection. Some hazardous wastes are generated from processes that may use variable raw materials composed of different constituents. Therefore, all potentially regulated constituents would not necessarily be present in any given sample. For example, Plants 1 and 2 may both generate K022 as distillation bottoms from the production of phenol/acetone from cumene. However, Plant 1 may use raw materials A and B, while Plant 2 may use raw materials C and D. Because of the differences in the composition of the raw materials, K022 generated by Plant 1 may contain different constituents at different concentrations than KO22 generated by Plant 2. 5.1 BOAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation The Agency is not regulating all of the BOAT List constituents ini- tially considered for regulation. As discussed further below, a BOAT List constituent was deleted from further consideration for regulation if: (1) the constituent was not detected in the untreated waste and is not suspected of being present in the untreated waste; (2) the constituent was not analyzed for in the untreated waste; or (3) other reasons, as discussed below. BOAT List constituents that remained following the deletions described in this subsection were further considered for regulation and are listed in Table 5-2 at the end of this section. 5-2 ------- 5.1.1 BOAT List Constituents Not Detected in the Untreated Waste BOAT List constituents that were not detected or were suspected of being present in the untreated waste (labeled "ND" in Table 5-1) were deleted from further consideration for regulation. 5.1.2 BOAT List Constituents Not Analyzed for in the Untreated Waste Some BOAT List constituents were deleted from further consideration for regulation because they were not analyzed for in the untreated waste (labeled "NA" in Table 5-1). Some constituents were not analyzed for in the untreated waste because it was extremely unlikely that these constituents would be present in the waste, based on knowledge of the process generating the waste. 5.1.3 BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for Regulation for Other Reasons Copper, vanadium, and zinc were further considered for regulation in K022 wastewaters but were not selected for regulation. Although copper cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide are listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, the metals are not listed individually. The Agency is only regulating copper, vanadium, and/or zinc when they are indicators of treatment performance for other Appendix VIII constituents. For K022 wastewaters, copper, vanadium, and zinc have not been identified as indicators of treatment performance for other Appendix VIII constituents and therefore are not being regulated. Fluoride and sulfide were deleted from further consideration for regulation in K022 wastewaters because the technology determined to be BOAT for K022 wastewaters (chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration) does not provide effective treatment for these BOAT List constituents. Moreover, the Agency is unaware of any demonstrated technology for treatment of fluoride and sulfide in wastewater forms of K022 or similar wastes. 5-3 ------- Barium was deleted from further consideration for regulation in K022 wastewaters because the BDAT treatment performance data transferred from chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 do not show effective treatment. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans were deleted from further consideration for regulation because the accuracy of the quantification for these constituents could not be determined due to incomplete quality assurance/quality control information. 5.2 BDAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation Constituents further considered for regulation in wastewater forms of K022 were selected from the BDAT List constituents that were detected in the untreated waste or were believed to be present in the untreated waste, unless they were deleted from consideration as discussed in Section 5.1. The constituents that remained following the deletions discussed in Section 5.1 are listed in Table 5-2. Table 5-3 presents each constituent selected for regulation in K022 wastewaters after consideration of (1) the constituent concentration in the untreated waste, (2) whether the constituent is adequately controlled by regulation of another constituent, and (3) the relative difficulty in achiev- ing effective treatment of the constituent by the technology identified as BDAT for K022 wastewaters (chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration). The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic con- stituents was based on (1) an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents that would affect the performance of incineration relative to the scrubber water residual, specifically, their estimated bond dissociation energies, and (2) the structural similarities among the constituents. Twelve BDAT List organic constituents (shown in Table 5-2) were further considered for regulation in wastewater forms of K022 due to their 5-4 ------- presence, or suspected presence, in the untreated waste. The bond dissociation energies of these twelve constituents, and their concentrations in the untreated waste were compared to determine which constituents had higher bond dissociation energies and higher concentrations in the untreated waste. Seven constituents were then deleted from further consideration for regulation because (1) they are believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of the five remaining organic constituents being regulated in K022 wastewaters, and/or (2) they are believed to be treated to similar concentrations as the five remaining constituents being regulated, based on structural similarities. Based on the above discussion, the five BOAT List organic con- stituents selected for regulation in K022 wastewaters (shown in Table 5-3) are toluene, acetophenone, diphenylamine, diphenylnitrosamine, and phenol. Two metal constituents, chromium and nickel, were also selected for regulation in wastewater forms of K022. All other BOAT List metal constitu- ents initially considered for regulation in K022 wastewaters were not selected because these constituents were found (or suspected to be present) at low concentrations in the untreated waste, and are believed to be adequately controlled by the treatment standards for total chromium and nickel. By removing the metals that are present (or expected to be present) at the highest concentrations in the untreated waste (chromium and nickel in this case) using chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration, adequate treatment is expected to be provided for other metals present at lower treatable concentrations. 5-5 ------- Table 5-1 STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 BOAT List Constituent Volatile Organics 222. Acetone 1. Acetonitrile 2. Acrolein 3. Acrylonitrile 4. Benzene 5. Bromodichloromethane 6. Bromomethane 223. n-Butyl alcohol 7. Carbon tetrachloride 8. Carbon disulfide 9. Chlorobenzene 10. 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene 11. Chlorodibromomethane 12. Chloroethane 13. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 14. Chloroform 15. Chloromethane 16. 3-Chloropropene 17. l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 18. 1,2-Dibromoethane 19. Dibromomethane 20. trans-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene 21. Dichlorodifluoromethane 22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 24. 1.1-Dichloroethylene 25. trans-l,2-Dichlofoethene 26. 1,2-Dichloropropane 27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 29. 1,4-Dioxane 224. 2-Ethoxyethanol 225. Ethyl acetate 226. Ethyl benzene 30. Ethyl cyanide 227. Ethyl ether 31. Ethyl methacrylate 214. Ethylene oxide 32. lodomethane 33. Isobutyl alcohol 228. Methanol 34. Methyl ethyl ketone Detection Status D ND ND ND ND ND ND NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NA NA D ND NA ND NA ND ND NA ND Believed to be Present D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. NA - Not analyzed. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-6 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 Detection BOAT List Volatile 229. 35. 37. 38. 230. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 231. 50. 215. 216. 217. Constituent Status Organics (Continued) Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl methacrylate Methacrylonitrile Methylene chloride 2-Nitropropane Pyridine 1,1,1, 2 -Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2, 2 -Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethene Toluene Tribromome thane 1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane 1,1, 2 -Trichloroe thane Trichloroethene Trichloromonofluorome thane 1,2, 3 -Trichloropropane 1,1, 2 -Trichloro- 1 ,2,2- trif luoroethane Vinyl chloride 1,2-Xylene 1,3-Xylene 1,4-Xylene NA ND ND D NA ND ND ND ND D ND ND ND ND ND ND NA ND NA NA NA Semivolatile Oreanics 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 218. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Acenaphthalene Acenaphthene Acetophenone 2 - Acetylaminof luorene 4-Aminobiphenyl Aniline Anthracene Aramite Benz (a) anthracene Benzal chloride Benzene thiol Deleted Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo (b) f luoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo (k) f luoranthene p - Benzoquinone ND ND D ND ND ND ND ND ND NA ND ND ND ND ND ND Believed to be Present D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. NA - Not analyzed. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-7 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 Believed to be Present Detection BOAT List Constituent . Status Semivolatile Organics (Continued) 67. Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane ND 68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether ND 69. Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether ND 70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ND 71. 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether ND 72. Butyl benzyl phthalate ND 73. 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol . ND 74. p-Chloroaniline ND 75. Chlorobenzilate ND 76. p-Chloro-m-cresol ND 77. 2-Chloronaphthalene ND 78. 2-Chlorophenol ND 79. 3-Chloropropionitrile ND 80. Chrysene ND 81. ortho-Cresol ND 82. para-Cresol ND 232. Cyclohexanone NA 83. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene ND 84. Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene ND 85. Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene ND 86. m-Dichlorobenzene ND 87. o-Dichlorobenzene ND 88. p-Dichlorobenzene ND 89. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine ND 90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol ND 91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol ND 92. Diethyl phthalate ND 93. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine ND 94. p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene ND 95. 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine ND 96. 2,4-Dimethylphenol ND 97. Dimethyl phthalate ND 98. Di-n-butyl phthalate ND 99. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene ND 100. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol ND 101. 2,4-Dinitrophenol ND 102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene ND 103. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene ND 104. Di-n-octyl phthalate ND 105. Di-n-propylnitrosamine ND 106./219. Diphenylamine/Diphenylnitrosamine D D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. NA - Not analyzed. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-8 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 BOAT List Constituent Semivolatile Organics (Continued) Detection Status Believed to be Present 107. 1,2-DiphenyIhydraz ine ND 108. Fluoranthene ND 109. Fluorene ND 110. Hexachlorobenzene ND 111. Hexachlorobutadiene ND 112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene ND 113. Hexachloroethane . ND 114. Hexachlorophene ND 115. Hexachloropropene ND 116. Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene ND 117. Isosafrole ND 118. Methapyrilene ND 119. 3-Methylcholanthrene ND 120. 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) ND 36. Methyl methanesulfonate ND 121. Naphthalene ND 122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone ND 123. 1-Naphthylamine ' ND 124. 2-Naphthylamine ND 125. p-Nitroaniline ND 126. Nitrobenzene ND 127. 4-Nitrophenol ND 128. n-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine ND 129. n-Nitrosodiethylamine ND 130. n-Nitrosodimethylamine ND 131. n-Nitrosomethylethylamine ND 132. n-Nitrosomorpholine ND 133. n-Nitrosopiperidine ND 134. n-Nitrosopyrrolidine ND 135. . 5-Nitro-o-toluidine ND 136. Pentachlorobenzene ND 137. Pentachloroethane ND 138. Pentachloronitrobenzene ND 139. Pentachlorophenol ND 140. Phenacetin ND 141. Phenanthrene ND 142. Phenol D 220. Phthalic anhydride NA 143. 2-Picoline ND 144. Pronamide ND 145. Pyrene ND 146. Resorcinol ND D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. NA - Not analyzed. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-9 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 BOAT List Constituent Semivolatile Organics (Continued) 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. Safrole 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate Detection Status ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Believed to be Present Metals 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 221. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium (total) Chromium (hexavalent) Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc ND ND ND ND ND D NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Inorganics 169. 170. 171. Cyanide Fluoride Sulfide Oreanochlorine Pesticides 172. 173. 174. 175. Aldrin alpha-BHC beta-BHC delta-BHC ND D D ND ND D ND D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. NA - Not analyzed. Y - Believed to be present in the untreated waste due to constituent presence in the treatment residual. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-10 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 BOAT List Constituent Organochlorine Pesticides (Continued) 176. gamma-BHC 177. Chlordane 178. ODD 179. DDE 180. DDT 181. Dieldrin 182. Endosulfan I 183. Endosulfan II 184. Endr'in 185. Endrin aldehyde 186. Heptachlor 187. Heptachlor epoxide 188. Isodrin 189.. Kepone 190. Methoxychlor 191. Toxaphene Phenoxvacetic Acid Herbicides 192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 193. Silvex 194. 2,4,5-T Organoohosphorous Insecticides 195. Disulfoton 196. Famphur 197. Methyl parathLon 198. Parathion 199. Phorate Polvchlorinated Biphenvls (PCBs) Detection Status ND ND ND ND ND D ND D ND ND D ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. Aroclor 1016 Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Believed to be Present ND ND ND ND ND ND ND D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-11 ------- Table 5-1 (Continued) STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K022 Detection Believed to BOAT List Constituent Status be Present Dioxins and Furans 207. Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND 208. Hexachlorodibenzofurans ND 209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND 210. Pentachlorodibenzofurans ND 211. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND 212. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans D 213. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ND D - Quantified at or above the detection limit; however, these data have been claimed Confidential Business Information. ND - Not detected. Source: CBI Background Document for K022 (Reference 2). 5-12 ------- Table 5-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K022 WASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING" 222. Acetone 226. Ethylbenzene 38. Methylene chloride 43. Toluene 53. Acetophenone 106. Diphenylamine 219. Diphenylnitrosamine 142. Phenol 155. Arsenic 157. Beryllium 158. Cadmimum 159. Chromium (total) 161. Lead 163. Nickel 166. Thallium 174. beta-BHC 181. Dieldrin 183. Endosulfan II 185. Endrin aldehyde "All constituents on this list were either detected or were believed to be present in untreated K022, and were either selected for regulation (as shown in Table 5-3) or are believed to be controlled by regulation of another constituent. 5-13 ------- Table 5-3 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K022 WASTEWATERS 43. Toluene 53. Acetophenone 106. Diphenylamine 219. Diphenylnitrosamine 142. Phenol 159. Chromium (total) 163. Nickel 5-14 ------- 6.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.2 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS - WASTEWATER) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K022 This section amends the discussion in Section 7.2 (Calculation of BOAT Treatment Standards - Wastewater) of the Final BOAT Background Document for K022. This section includes a discussion of the calculation of treatment standards for metal constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of K022. Treatment standard calculations for the organic constituents selected for regulation in K022 wastewaters are presented and discussed in EPA's Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 3). The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT treatment systems. These standards account for analytical limitations in available treatment performance data, and the data are adjusted for variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures. Before treatment standards are calculated, the treatment performance data are corrected to account for analytical interferences associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. A complete discussion of the accuracy correction of metals treatment performance data is provided in Appendix B. Appendix B also contains the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors used to correct the treatment performance data, as well as the corrected treatment performance data. After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each regulated constituent. In cases where the constituent is not detected in the treatment residual at or above its detection limit, the detection limit is used to calculate the average constituent concentration in the treated waste. Table 6-1 (at the end of this section) presents the averages of the corrected treatment performance data for each metal constituent regulated in wastewater forms of K022. 6-1 ------- The next step in calculating treatment standards is to determine the variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent. The variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system performance, treatment residual collection, and treatment sample analysis. (For more information on the calculation of variability factors, see EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).) Variability factors for the metal constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters are shown in Table 6-1. Finally, a treatment standard is calculated for each regulated constituent by multiplying the average of the corrected treatment performance values by the variability factor for the constituent. Treatment standards for metal constituents in wastewater forms of K022 are presented in Table 6-1 and are discussed in greater detail below. Treatment performance data for metal constituents in K022 waste- waters are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring performance data from treatment of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes using chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration to K022. The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 3.0 of this document. Chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration is a removal technology for metals in wastewater. The best measure of performance for a removal technology is the total amount of each constituent of concern remain- ing in the wastewater after treatment. Therefore, the BOAT treatment stan- dards for metal constituents in K022 wastewaters were calculated based on total constituent concentration data; these data were transferred from treatment of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes (Reference 5). Treatment standards for metal constituents in K022 wastewaters were calculated using three sample sets of data for chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes. Table 3-1 in Section 3.0 presents the total concentrations for metal 6-2 ------- constituents in the untreated and treated K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes. The accuracy-corrected data and the treatment standard calculations for the metal constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters are presented in Table 6-1. 6-3 ------- Table 6-1 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN UASTEUATER FORMS OF K022 Constituent From Which Treatment Performance Arithmetic Average of BOAT List Constituent Data in K062 Were Corrected Treatment Treatment Standard Regulated in K022 Transferred Performance Values (ppn) Variability Factor (VF) (Average x VFXppm) 159. Chromium (total) Chromium (total) 0.221 1.583 0.35 163. Nickel Nickel 0.387 1.212 0.47 ------- 7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract No. 68-W9-0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Richard Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant, Section Head, Treatment Technology Section; Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer; and Jose Labiosa, Project Manager. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor. The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in preparing this document: John Williams, Program Manager; Mary Willett, Project Director; and Chrisanti Haretos, Task Leader. 7-1 ------- 8.0 REFERENCES 1. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. June, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for K022 (Confidential Version). May, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 3. USEPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A. May, 1990. Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 4. USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. California List Notice of Data Availability. 52 Federal Register 29992, August 12, 1987. 5. USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Envirite Corporation. York. Pennsylvania. December, 1986. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 6. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead Resource Development Company for K061. Draft Report. March, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 7. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Treatment Technology Background Document. June, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 8. USEPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Onsite Engineering Report for the Third Thirds Incineration Treatabilitv Test. 1990. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 8-1 ------- APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K022 WASTEWATERS A-l ------- Acetophenone (U004). The data available for acetophenone were compiled from Che NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-54A. In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-SAB. The treatment technology for which data are available is BT and the resulting average effluent concentration from the leachate data is 2.9 ppb. At proposal, BOAT for acetophenone was not identified and the treatment standard was based on an effluent concentration of 10,361 ppb from data in the NPDES database. Between proposal and promulgation, EPA evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available for acetophenone. Since these data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial treatment of acetophenone, these data were used to calculate the promulgated standard. Therefore, BOAT for acetophenone is biological treatment. The BOAT treatment standard for acetophenone was calculated using the effluent concentration of 2.9 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for acetophenone (0.010 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10. TABLE 4-54A WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR ACETOPHENONE HOLOGY TECHNOLOGY SIZE FACILITY NH0001571 DETECTION LIMIT (PPb) RANGE INFLUENT CONCENTRATION (PPb) NO. OF DATA POINTS 32 AVERAGJ EFFLUEN1 COHCENTRA1 (PPb) ION 10361.56 RECOVERY <*) REMOVAL REFERENCE NPDES * * Data used in developing proposed standard. TABLE 4-54B INDUSTRY-SUBMITTED LEACHATE TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR ACETOPHENONE DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (t) (t) (ppb] Jppb] BT ~~~ CMM 2.9 35 1 ~~ 2^00 91.71 LEACHATE A-2 ------- Diphenvlamine. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for diphenylamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional groups within the structure of the chemical. For constituents represented by a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data. Diphenylamine is similar in structure to constituents in treatability group III.A.3.f.(2) and the constituent used to transfer treatment performance data from was 2-naphthylamine. The treatment performance data for 2-naphthylamine are presented in Table 4-101. Using a transfer from this constituent results in a BOAT for diphenylamine of activated sludge biological treatment and a BDAT treatment standard of 0.52 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-10. A-3 ------- Diphenvlnitrosamine. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for diphenylnitrosamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional groups within the structure of the chemical. For constituents represented by a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data. Diphenylnitrosamine is similar in structure to constituents in treatability group III.A.3.f.(6) and the constituent used to transfer treatment performance data from was N-nitrosodimethylamine. The treatment performance data for N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented in Table 4-105. Using a transfer from this constituent results in a BOAT for diphenylnitrosamine of activated sludge biological treatment and a BDAT treatment standard of 0.40 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-10. A-4 ------- Phenol (U188). Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were available for phenol, including data from the ITD, BOAT, and WERL databases as well as literature WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-109A. In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry just prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-109B. Technologies for which data are available include AL, API+DAF+AS, AS, ChOx, GAC, BT, LL, LL+SS, LL+SS+AC, PACT8, RBC, RO, SBR, SS, TF, WOx, AS+Fil, and Anff. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. At proposal, BOAT for phenol was identified as biological treatment and the treatment standard was based on an ITD median long-term average effluent concentration of 10.363 ppb from the ITD database. Between proposal and promulgation, EPA evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available for phenol. Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial treatment of phenol, these data were used to calculate the promulgated standards. Therefore, BDAT for phenol is biological treatment. The BDAT treatment standard for phenol was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for phenol (0.039 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10. A-5 ------- TABLE 4-109A WASTEWATER TREATHEHT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR PHENOL TECHNOLOGY AL AL AL API+DAF+AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS+Fjl AS+Fll DETECTION TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT SIZE (ppb) Pilot 203A Pilot - 203A Full 6B Pilot 192D Full 1482D HIE* 2020 Ful ful PllO Fu Ful Ful Ful Ful Ful Ful PllO Pul Ful PllO Ful Ful Ful Ful Ful Ful •ffi PllO Ful Benc If Ful 6B IB 203A 201B IB 6B IB IB 975B IB 1 1054E 240A 6B 1122E 6B 241B 6B 975B 6B IB IB 6B : 226B 975B 6B 204A : 1921) 6B 1 10S4E 6B IB 6B 6B RANGE INFLUENT CONCENTRATION 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 100000-1000000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 10000-100000 100-1000 0-100 1000-10000 100-1000 100000-1000000 0-100 100-1000 10000-100000 100-1000 100-1000 1000-10000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 100-1000 100000-1000000 1000-10000 100000-1000000 100-1000 100-1000 1000-10000 10000-100000 100000-1000000 100-1000 10000-100000 100-1000 NO. OF DATA POINTS 11 11 3 4 5 6 39 5 11 31 6 3 6 3 5 11 7 3 4 10 11 6 6 3 6 8 4 13 6 3 15 AVERAGE EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION (PPb) 84.000 18.000 11.000 10.000 85.000 2.000 26.000 0.010 10.000 8.000 14.000 20.000 1.000 10.000 61.000 1.000 6.600 1.000 0.250 10.000 15.000 4000.000 120.000 8.000 21.000 20 000 10.000 1.000 1.000 10.000 500.000 160.000 10.000 14.000 10.000 56.000 1000.000 10.000 25.000 13.000 10.000 RECOVERY REMOVAL (*) (*) 33 86 90.8 98.99 89.5 98.6 63 99.99 96.4 97.2 89 92.6 99.89 99.94 92.4 96.4 99.87 99.33 99.88 90 98 95.2 97.9 97.2 99.64 87 96.3 99.44 98.3 98.6 99.95 95 99.99 94.6 98.99 96.9 95 99.99 94.4 99.98 98 REFERENCE WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL Wt$L WERL - WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL A-6 ------- TABLE 4-109A (Continued) WASTEWATER TREATNENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR PHEHOL TECBHOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY AnPP AnPF AnFF AnPP AnFP AnPP AnFF SIZE Pilot 231A Pilot 231A Bench 230A Pilot 231A Pilot 23U Bench 230A Pilot 235D AnFFvGAC Pilot 249D QC ChOx ChOx chox GAG GAC 6AC * BT LL LL Pilot 203A Bench 975B Benc Benc Benc FU Pu Pu Pu Fu LL+SS Ful LUSSIAC Fu PACT PACT PACT PACT RBC RBC BO SBR SBS SBS Benc Benc Ful > 975B 1 975B i 1054E 245B 237A 1293 K104 K103 K103/K104 K1037K104 1 190E I 975B 6B Bench 975B P;lot 603E Pilot 192D Full 2SOB P;lot 1433D P lot 227D Bench 64D SBRvPACT Bench 64D SExt SS TF TP TP TP wox WOX WOX WOX Pilot 1082E Pilot 1082E Pilot 203A Full IB Pilot 240A Pull IB Benc B] Benc B Benc B Bend i Zinro i 1054E i 11010 b 236A DETECTION RANGE LIKIT INFLUENT (ppb) CONCENTRATION (PP6) 1000000 1000000 100600-1000000 100000-1000000 100000-1000000 >1000000 100000-1000000 1000000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 1000-10000 100-1000 100-1000 1000-10000 10 698564-978672 30 150000-300000 30 1500000-3000000 30 150000-3000000 30 150000-3000000 10000-100000 1000-10000 1000-10000 1000-10000 100000-1000000 100-1000 1000-10000 10000-100000 100000-1000000 100000-1000000 100000-1000000 HOOOOOO 100000-1000000 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 0-100 10000000 100000-1000000 >1000000 > 1000000 HO. OP DATA POINTS 11 1 1 15 5 5 5 4 3 16 1 11 6 10 6 1 1 AVERAGE EPFLOEHT RECOVERY COKCZHTJATIOH (\) (PPO) 700.000 30.000 10.000 10.000 70.000 1000.000 240.000 50.000 99.000 16.000 2.000 12.000 10.000 10.000 5.000 10.000 165000.000 21 84000.000 21 2400.000 21 60.000 21 1.800 2.000 30.000 8.000 1700.000 10.000 120.000 1000.000 1000.000 3000.000 1000.000 210000.000 160.000 64.000 47.000 8.000 1.000 20000.000 27000.000 3600.000 3000.000 REMOVAL M 99.98 99.99 98.97 99.99 99.98 99.95 99.86 99.99 21 93.3 98.3 99.37 99 92.6 99.89 99.99 99.96 98.6 99.85 99.6 98.99 93.6 97.7 99.81 99.63 99.88 95.4 24 49 82 91.3 98.2 99.8 97.3 99.92 99.97 REFEREHCE UEKL HEM, MEKL m WEKL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WEIL WERL WERL WERL WERL ITD-L * BOAT BOAT BOAT BOAT WERL WJRL WERL - WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WERL WEH, WERL WERL WER, WER, WER, WERL WAO WERL WERL WERL Data used in developing proposed standard. TABLE 4-109B IHDCSTCY-SUMITTED LEAOATE TREATHER PEKFOKKAHCE DATA FOB PHEHOL TECHNOLOGY TECHHOLOGY SIZE DETECTIOH FACILITY LlfiT RAKGE INFLUENT CONCENTRATION (ppb) NO. OF DATA POINTS k\ EP1 CONC im PLO iN? (PPl ^GE ENT RATION i) RECOVERY W REMOVAL (1) REFERENCE BT DOW 10 715-2500 10.000 99.32 LEACHATE A-7 ------- Toluene (U220). Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were available for toluene, including data from the ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, literature WAO and PACT" data, and EPA WAO test data. These data are presented in Table 4-40. Technologies for which data are available include AL, AL+AS, API+DAF+AS, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, AirS+GAC, BT, BT+AC, GAG, PACT", RO, SS, SS+AC, TF, WOx+PACT", and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this constituent for the following reasons: (1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown • characteristics. (2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD promulgated limit. (3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both EPA and industry review and acceptance. BOAT for toluene is being promulgated as proposed and is identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for toluene (0.080 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10. A-8 ------- TABLE 4-40 SASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOB TOLUENE TECHNOLOGY DETECTION RANGE TECHKOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT SIZE - (p{*) CONCENTRATION (ppb) AL Full 6B AL Bench 371D AL Full IB AL+AS Full 233D APIrDAF*AS Full 1482D AS Bench 202D AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS Full 6B Pul Ful Ful Benc Ful Ful Ful 6B 975B 6B 1 200B 6B IB 6B Full 6B Full 975B Full 6B Full 975B Full 6B Pilot 226B Full 6B Full 6B Full IB Ful Fu Pu FU FU FU Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu F.U 975B IB 234A IB 1587E 201B IB IB 234A IB IB 238A 1 6B 1 IB 1 IB Pilot 241B 100-1000 1000-10000 100-1000 1000-10000 10000-100000 10000-100000 10000-100000 1000-10000 1000-10000 10000-100000 100-1000 1000-10000 1000-10000 1000-10000 1000-10000 1000-10000 1000-10000 100-1000 1000-10000 100000-1000000 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 0-100 0-100 100-1000 100-1000 0-100 0-100 100-1000 0-100 0-100 100-1000 0-100 0-100 100-1000 NO. OF AVERAGE DATA EFFLCEHT RECOVERY REMOVAL POINTS CONCENTRATION (i) ft) (PPb) 3 6 21 4 3 3 3 10 24 6 15 3 7 33 7 14 4 5 6 4 32 4 4 5 3 3 5 4 5 10.000 90.000 32.000 4.000 11.000 10.000 73.000 10.000 12.000 76.000 0.800 10.000 9.000 10.000 24.000 280.000 10.000 23.000 20.000 300.000 10.000 10.000 4.000 7.600 4.000 0.700 3.000 0.100 57.000 12.000 1.000 0.200 4.000 2.000 6.200 10.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 98.2 97 96.1 99.85 99.93 99.98 99.84 99.57 99.68 99.90 99.3 99.73 99.81 99.88 99.76 96.3 99.5 86 99.8 99.85 97.8 97.6 88 99.04 99.48 97.1 90.6 99 87 96.8 98 96.2 96.4 97.6 92.7 94.4 97.1 86 98.6 REFERENCE ViERL >m -ERL ViERL ViERL viERL ViERL viERL ViERL ViERL ViERL iiERL ViERL VIERL SEW, ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL VJERL viERL VJERL ViERL '$& VJERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL ViERL A-9 ------- TABLE 4-40 (Continued) WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR TOLUENE TECHNOLOGY AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS T Fil AjrS AjrS AjrS AarS AirS AjrS AirS AirS AirS+GAC BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT TECHNOLOGY "FACILITY SIZE Full 234A Full IB Full IB Fu Fu Fu. Fu Fu IB IB 234A IB IB Pilot 206B Full IB Full 234A full IB Pilot REF2 Full 6B Ful Pilo Benc Ful Ful 322B : 1362E 1 1328E 69A 1 322B Pilot 224B Ful Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu FU Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Fu Ful a 322B 322B 229A P206 P211 P202 P244 P210 P223 P217 P234 P242 P221 P208 P240 P246 P251 Full P253 Full P257 Full P265 DETECTION RANGE LIMIT INFLUENT (ppb) CONCENTRATION (PPb) 0-100 0-100 100-1000 0-100 0-100 0-100 0-100 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 100-1000 92000 10000-100000 100-1000 0-100 10000-100000 0-100 0-100 0-100 1000-10000 10000-100000 0-100 834-57475 1154-4000 60-155 1109 135-5805 99-265 34400-60000 2350-35000 1200-1533 10-323 140-640 22700 77-12938 15840-26060 66-230 1730-12900 37750-50000 NO. OF DATA POINTS 5 6 6 5 6 5 20 6 6 6 3 24 3 5 5 1 6 3 19 10 7 20 1 2 3 3 32 2 3 14 1 9 3 3 27 3 AVERAGE EFFLCEJJT RECOVERY CONCENTRATION (!) ( ppb) 0.200 3.000 20.000 1.000 1.000 0.200 2.000 56.000 0.600 10.000 0.200 31.000 23467.000 10.000 0.660 1.700 2800.000 0.940 2.000 0.500 34.000 114.000 1.000 1491.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 73.000 21.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 630.000 10.000 103.000 12.000 10.000 REMOVAL IT) 96.9 94 89 97.3 97.4 97.7 96.3 93.8 99.76 96.4 99.9 95.4 99.98 99.77 95.3 92.4 97 97.4 98.9 99.18 99.33 90 REFERENCE VERL •mi *ERL viERL >ERL rfERL *ERL >m *ERL *ERL *ERL «ERL BOAT I •mi «iMi •mi *ERL «ERL *ERL •mi iiERL •mi ViERL BOAT BOAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT BDAT i BDAT r BDAT ;' BDAT : BDAT ' BDAT |i I ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docunent. A-10 ------- TABLE 4-40 [Continued^ SASTESATEK TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR TOLUENE TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY -fACILITY SI2E BT BT BT BT BT+AC GAC GAC GAC PACT PACT PACT PACT RO SO RO * SS SS SS * SS SS SS SS+AC TF TP TF TF TF TP OF HOx SOx WOX wox KOX i»x Fu Fa Fu Pa Fa 1 P286 1 P215 1 P230 1 REF4 1 P246 Pilot 435B Fall 245B Pilot REF7 Bench 200B Bench 242E Bench Zjnpro Bench Zinpro Full 250B Pilot 250B Full 250B 0415** Full 6B Full 6B 0415* Pilo Fa Fa Fu Fa Fa Fa Fu pffi t REF4 P246 P297 6B IB IB IB IB IB t 250B REP10 Bench Zinpro Bench Zinpro Pilot Z;npro Full Zm iro Full 242E SOx Pilot 78D SOx T PACT Pilot Ziooro WOx [b MX b SOx b SOx tb Bench 78D Bench 78D Bench 1054E Bench 1054E DETECTION RANGE LIMIT INFLCEHT (ppb) CONCENTRATION (ppb) 24000-160000 3300-4550 3503-30347 680 77-12938 10000-100000 10000-100000 120. 100-1000 0-100 2730 57 100-1000 0-100 1000-10000 10 19300-29000 1000-10000 10000-100000 10 2570-4230 92000 57-98 640-8650 100-1000 0-100 0-100 0-100 0-100 100-1000 100-1000 8500000 4330000 5000 30000 50 62000-82000 100-1000 10000-100000 5 130000-180000 1000-10000 10000-100000 10000-100000 1000000 NO. OF DATA POINTS 3 3 15 1 10 1 1 13 1 1 3 2 3 4 5 4 3 3 5 6 5 6 4 1 1 1 1 3 AVERAGE EFFLUENT RECOVERY CONCENTRATION (*) (ppb) 76.000 10.000 10.000 4.000 113.000 10.000 10.000 0.300 0.300 5.000 1.000 5.000 20.000 12.000 420.000 12.000 10.000 12.000 22.300 42.000 10.000 11.000 10.000 10.000 7.000 2.000 1.000 7.000 84.000 200000.000 12000.000 500.000 500.000 10950.000 57.000 500.000 5.000 500.000 1000.000 500.000 220000.000 REMOVAL (?) 99.96 99.94 99.75 91.2 99.9 91 92.5 36 94.7 99.71 99.95 96.3 88 86 97.2 98.2 97.8 35 99.7 90 98.3 72 98.3 99.9 90 98.8 98.9 95.7 REFEREBCE BOAT BOAT BOAT BDAT BOAT ! SERL SERL BDAT 1 SERL SEE SAO SAO WERL •mi SERL ITD-L * i»ERL WERL ITD-L * BDAT / BDAT f BDAT \ «ERL VERL SERL WERL »ERL ma '*OL BDAT 1 MAO «AO SAO SAO wERL SERL SAO >m SERL «ERL SERL I ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Role F001-F005 Background Document. * Data used in developing proposed standard. A-ll ------- APPENDIX B ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA B-l ------- APPENDIX B ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA The treatment performance data used to determine treatment standards for wastewater forms of K022 were adjusted to account for analytical interferences associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. Gener- ally, treatment performance data were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a matrix spike recovery was determined for each BOAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined for each of the above constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (percent) for that constituent; and (3) treatment performance data for each BOAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste were corrected by multiplying the reported concentration of each constituent by its corresponding accuracy correction factor. The procedure for accuracy correction of the data is described in further detail below. Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent recovered after spiking, minus the initial concentration of the constituent in the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the con- stituent. Matrix spike recoveries used to adjust the treatment performance data transferred to metal constituents in K022 wastewaters are shown in Table B-l. Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some BDAT List constituents. If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the two volumes from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike. An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used when matrix spike and duplicate matrix spike recoveries both exceeded 100%, so that the data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits. B-2 ------- Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent, the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g., volatile or semivolatile organics) for which recovery data were available. In these cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles from the first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile group was used for any volatile or semivolatile organic constituent for which no matrix spike was performed. The accuracy correction factors for the data used to calculate treatment standards for metal constituents in K022 wastewaters are presented in Table B-2. The corrected treatment concentrations for the metal constituents regulated in K022 wastewaters are presented in Table B-3. B-3 ------- TABLE B-1 MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR METALS IN UASTEWATER RESIDUALS* Sample Result Duplicate Sample Result Original Amount Found (con) <0.004 0.203 Amount Spiked (pom) 0.050 1.00 Amount Recovered (con) 0.035 1.14 Percent Recovery6 (X) 70 94 Amount Recovered (con) 0.034 1.128 Percent Recovery6 (X) 68 93 Spike Constituent 159. Chromium (total) 163. Nickel "Matrix spike recoveries were transferred from data in the Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead (Reference 6). "percent recovery « 100 x (C( - C0)/Ct, where C, = amount recovered, C0 * original amount found, and Ct = amount spiked. Source: Onsite Engineering Report of the Third Third Incineration TTestability Test at the John Zink Company. Tulsa. Oklahoma (Reference 8). ------- Table B-2 SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS' BOAT List Constituent Accuracy Correction Factor" 159. Chromium (total) 1.471 163. Nickel 1.075 The data used to calculate these accuracy correction factors were transferred from data in the Onsite Engineering Report for K061 (Reference 6). The accuracy correction factor is equal to 100 divided by the percent recovery. B-5 ------- Table B-3 ACCURACY-CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT STANDARDS METAL CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K022 WASTEWATERS FOR Corrected Total Concentration in the Treated K062 Wastewater Mixture8 (ppm) BOAT List Constituent 159. Chromium (total) 163. Nickel Sample Set: 0.221 0.387 0.176 0.355 0.265 0.419 "Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying the concentration by the accuracy correction factor (ACF) for each constituent. B-6 ------- |