FINAL
AMENDMENT TO
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
K037
Richard Kinch
Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Mary Cunningham
Project Manager
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3 ("APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED 2-1
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES") OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND
DOCUMENT FOR K037
2.1 Applicable treatment technologies 2-1
2.2 Demonstrated treatment technologies 2-1
3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4 ("PERFORMANCE DATA BASE") OF 3-1
THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K037
4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.2 ("IDENTIFICATION OF BEST 4-1
DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR K037" -
WASTEWATERS) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR K037
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7 ("CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT 5-1
STANDARDS") OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR K037
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7.0 REFERENCES
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title
1-1 Proposed BOAT Treatment Standards for K037 1-4
3-1 Biological Treatment for Parathion 3-4
ii
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgat-
ing as proposed, best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment
standards for wastewater forms of the listed hazardous waste identified in Title
40, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as K037,
wastewater treatment sludges from the production of disulfoton. No comments were
received on the proposed treatment standards for K037 wastewaters (see 54 FR
48454, November 22, 1989). These BDAT treatment standards have been revised in
accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of
November 8, 1984. BDAT treatment standards will be effective no later than May
8, 1990, and on and after the effective date, compliance with these BDAT
treatment standards will be a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement
of the waste in land disposal units.
This amendment provides the Agency's rationale and technical support
for revising BDAT for regulated constituents in K037 wastewaters and for develop-
ing treatment standards for these constituents. Numerical standards for the
regulated K037 wastewater constituents, disulfoton and toluene, were previously
promulgated based on constituent concentration levels in scrubber water residuals
from incineration (Reference 1). Biological treatment performance data are now
available for closely related wastewater streams containing parathion and toluene
(References 2 and 3). EPA believes these data to be a preferable measure of
treatment performance because where the Agency has performance data (that conform
with BDAT methodology) on wastewater treatment processes and data on incineration
(constituent concentrations in scrubber waters), the Agency prefers to establish
1-1
-------
treatment standards based on the wastewater treatment process. (See the Second
Third final rule, 54 Federal Register (FR) 26594, 26629 (June 23, 1989)). Conse-
quently, biological treatment data have been judged to be Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) and biological treatment data are being transferred
to K037 wastewaters. This amendment would not preclude the use of other techno-
logies to achieve the treatment standards. Treatment standards for nonwaste-
water forms of K037 are not being revised.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 4).
This amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for K037 presents (1) a discussion of biological
treatment as an applicable and demonstrated technology for reducing regulated
constituents in organophosphorus wastewater streams, (2) performance data
supporting biological treatment as an effective technology for treating organo-
phosphorus wastewater streams, (3) rationale for transferring biological treat-
ment performance data to wastewater forms of K037 and, (4) calculation of new
numerical standards. Specifically, Section 2 of this document supplements
Section 3 of the Final BOAT Background Document for K037 by introducing biolo-
gical treatment as an applicable and demonstrated technology for treating
wastewater forms of K037. Section 3 of this document amends Section 4 of the
Final BOAT Background Document for K037 by adding performance data for biolo-
gical treatment of parathion and toluene. Section 4 amends Section 5.2 by
identifying biological treatment as BOAT for K037 wastewaters. Finally, Section
5 amends Section 7 by presenting revised numerical treatment standards for
1-2
-------
disulfoton and toluene in K037 wastewaters.
To determine the applicability of a treatment standard, wastewaters
are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total suspended
solids1 (TSS) and less than 1% (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes
not meeting this definition are classified as nonwastewaters and must comply with
the promulgated nonwastewater treatment standards. The numerical treatment stan-
dards for disulfoton and toluene in K037 wastewaters are listed in Table 1-1 at
the end of this section. These treatment standards are based on the total
concentration of each constituent in a single composite sample of the waste.
The units used for regulated constituent concentrations are mg/1 (parts per
million on a weight-by-volume basis).
1The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used terminology of "total solids"
and "filterable solids." Specifically, total suspended solids are measured by Method 209C (total suspended
solids dried at 103-105°C> in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Sixteenth Edition
(Reference 5).
1-3
-------
TABLE 1-1
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K037
WastewaCers
Maximum for Any
Single Composite Sample
BOAT Regulated Total Concentration
Nos. Constituents (mg/1)
195 Disulfoton 0.025
43 Toluene 0.080
1-4
-------
2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3 ("APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLO-
GIES") OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K037
This section supplements Section 3 ("Applicable/Demonstrated Treat-
ment Technologies") of the Final BOAT Background Document for K037 by discussing
biological treatment as an applicable and demonstrated technology for the treat-
ment of K037 wastewaters, in addition to those technologies already discussed
in the K037 Background Document.
2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection. (Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technology
Background Document (Reference 6).
Biological treatment is a technology that uses living microorganisms
to decompose organic constituents. The organisms use the organics both as a
source of fuel and as building blocks for their own biological structure. Biolo-
gical treatment can occur either in the presence of oxygen, where it is known
as aerobic treatment, or in the absence of oxygen, where it is referred to as
anaerobic treatment. The organic constituents are broken down by the micro-
organisms into water, carbon dioxide, and new microbial mass.
Wastewater forms of K037 are expected to contain parts per million
concentrations of disulfoton, toluene and other organic constituents used in the
production of disulfoton. Since biological treatment technology provides for
decomposition of organic constituents as described above, it is an applicable
treatment technology for wastewater forms of K037.
2-1
-------
2.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
To be demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Technolo-
gies available only at pilot plant or bench-scale operations are not considered
in identifying demonstrated technologies.
The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat organic consti-
tuents in K037 wastewaters. However, the Agency has identified one facility that
uses biological treatment for wastewater containing parathion, an organophos-
phorus constituent having a similar molecular structure to disulfoton in K037
wastewaters. Biological treatment data for this parathion-containing wastewater
were provided during the comment period for the Land Disposal Restrictions for
Second Third Scheduled wastes (see 54 FR 26594 (June 23, 1989)). K037 waste-
waters and this parathion-containing wastewater are considered similar, not only
due to the similar molecular structural similarity of the two predominant toxic
constituents within the wastewaters, but also because both are aqueous-based
wastes with low organic content. Consequently, the Agency considers biological
treatment to be a demonstrated technology for treatment of disulfoton in
wastewater forms of K037.
EPA has identified several facilities that use biological treatment
for wastewaters containing toluene. These data were identified from EPA's
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers Database (Reference 3). The
Agency believes that these wastewaters are similar to K037 wastewaters in terms
of their amenability to biological treatment of toluene, in that they both
exhibit low organic content in an aqueous matrix.
Because of the similarity to K037 of other wastewaters where biolo-
2-2
-------
gical treatment has been demonstrated, the Agency concludes that biological
treatment is also demonstrated for K037 wastewaters.
2-3
-------
3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4 ("PERFORMANCE DATA BASE") OF THE FINAL BOAT
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K037
This section presents the data available on the performance of biolo-
gical treatment for wastewaters similar to K037. The biological treatment data
presented in this section are referenced later as a basis to (1) revise BOAT for
K037 wastewaters and (2) revise numerical treatment standards for the K037
regulated constituents, disulfoton and toluene.
Treatment performance data, to the extent that they are available
to EPA, include concentrations for a given constituent in untreated and treated
wastes, the values of operating parameters that were measured at the time the
waste was being treated, the values of relevant design parameters for the
treatment technology, and data on waste characteristics that affect performance
of the treatment technology.
Where data are not available for a specific waste of concern, the
Agency may elect to transfer performance data from a demonstrated technology that
treats a similar waste or wastes. To transfer data from another waste treatabil-
ity group, EPA must find that the wastes covered by this (amended) background
document are no more difficult to treat than the treated wastes from which
performance data are being transferred. EPA's methodology for the transfer of
treatment performance data is provided in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 4). Transfer of treatment performance data is
technically valid in cases where the untested wastes are generated from similar
industries or similar processing steps, or have similar waste characteristics
affecting treatment selection and performance that are similar to those of the
tested wastes.
The Agency does not have any performance data to evaluate biological
3-1
-------
treatment of K037 wastewaters. EPA does have data on levels of K037 constituents
present in incineration residuals (scrubber water), and these data were used to
establish numerical treatment standards. During the "Second Third" comment
period, biological treatment data for a wastewater containing the closely related
organophosphate, parathion, became available to the Agency. This data was used
to derive numerical treatment standards for parathion-containing wastewaters and
was also transferred to wastewater streams containing other organophosphates
(e.g., K036, K038, K040, P039, P071, P089, P094, P097, and U235) to develop and
promulgate treatment standards based on biotreatment. In addition, data on a
toluene-containing wastewater also became available to EPA during this time.
EPA believes these biological treatment data to be a preferable
measure of treatment performance because where the Agency has performance data
(that conform with BOAT methodology) on wastewater treatment processes and data
on incineration (constituent concentrations in scrubber waters), the Agency
prefers to establish treatment standards based on the wastewater treatment pro-
cess. (See the Second Third final rule, 54 FR 26594, 26629 (June 23, 1989)).
Consequently, the Agency is promulgating (1) a transfer of biological treatment
data for treatment of parathion- and toluene-containing wastewaters to K037
wastewaters and (2) revised numerical standards for the K037 regulated constitu-
ents, disulfoton and toluene, based on biological treatment instead of incinera-
tion.
As a basis for proposing this transfer, EPA believes that wastewaters
for which biological treatment data exist are similar to K037 wastewaters for
the following reasons. First, both K037 constituents, disulfoton and toluene,
are similar or identical to constituents in wastewaters from which EPA proposed
to transfer biological treatment data. Disulfoton and parathion are both
3-2
-------
organophosphorus compounds with similar molecular structures. Toluene is present
in both K037 and in the wastewaters for which biological treatment data are
available.
Second, the streams themselves are similar. K037 wastewaters and
wastewaters containing parathion and toluene are aqueous-based wastestreams with
less than 1% organics. In the case of the parathion biological treatment data,
both K037 wastewater and the parathion-containing wastewater derive from the same
(organophosphorus insecticide) industry and from similar process chemistry.
Moreover, the treatment standards for the wastewater forms of organophosphorus
pesticides similar to K037 (including those listed above and, particularly, the
disulfoton-containing wastewater, K036), were based on the same biological
treatment data for parathion-containing wastewaters, promulgated for the Second
Third Scheduled Wastes; Final Rule (54 FR 26594, June 23, 1989).
Because the wastewaters and constituents within them are similar,
EPA concludes that the regulated K037 constituents, disulfoton and toluene, are
no more difficult to treat biologically than constituents in the wastewaters for
which the Agency has biological treatment data. On this basis, EPA is promulga-
ting as proposed, a transfer of biological treatment data for parathion- and
toluene-containing wastewaters to K037 wastewaters.
The biological performance treatment data for parathion-containing
wastewaters are shown in Table 3-1 (Reference 2). The biological performance
treatment data for toluene-containing wastewaters are contained in Volume 1 of
the EPA Final Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Organic Chemicals. Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers. Point Source
Category (Reference 3).
3-3
-------
TABLE 3-1 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR PARATBION*
Sample
Number
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Untreated
Waste
(own)
18
62
20
36
35
10
20
14
22
20
25
22
12
18
17
23
34
20
42
26
22
70
33
96
23
21
30
28
17
26
23
12
20
34
25
19
15
20
17
14
18
13
14
22
23
15
26
15
16
29
36
41
18
5
6
59
31
22
24
28
Treated
Waste Sample
(DDTO) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Untreated
Waste
(oom)
30
15
15
30
25
12
17
23
15
18
21
26
17
12
20
9
18
15
11
17
18
9
20
18
17
21
8
21
15
18
9
11
11
16
14
16
22
10
22
15
14
12
21
14
14
9
16
9
14
20
24
5
4
7
8
10
13
6
13
9
Treated
Waste Sample
(DUD) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Untreated
Waste
6
5
7
7
4
5
5
9
7
6
9
7
11
3
3
1
6
21
5
17
8
5
5
13
11
53
14
13
7
5
5
4
6
2
3
4
3
5
7
3
5
2
2
6
16
19
38
29
16
10
13
4
3
57
10
11
15
15
7
10
Treated
Waste
(DDm)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
. 0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
* These data are reproduced from Reference 2.
3-4
-------
TABLE 3-1 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR PARATHION*
(continued)
Sample
Number
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
Untreated
Waste
(DDm)
5
6
7
8
7
5
5
10
7
9
4
13
7
9
8
7
6
9
5
8
5
9
4
5
5
6
2
5
7
4
7
3
2
6
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
4
4
7
2
5
8
2
6
6
2
3
4
6
6
2
7
8
Treated
Waste Sample
(DDCD) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
Untreated
Waste
(DDCD)
3
4
2
2
4
14
6
2
6
5
7
22
4
2
9
2
2
2
6
3
7
12
40
146
59
13
13
25
14
15
85
122
32
26
21
13
15
17
13
23
16
15
27
32
24
21
22
25
18
6
13
7
21
3
11
28
16
7
40
20
Treated
Waste Sample
(ppm) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
Untreated
Waste
(pom)
11
18
12
8
23
11
18
26
10
11
8
5
11
12
20
6
9
9
11
9
8
3
7
6
14
13
11
12
11
7
7
11
8
8
6
6
12
8
11
6
15
9
5
8
16
17
11
13
7
15
9
9
9
11
14
5
4
8
8
20
Treated
Waste
(DDRI)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
These data are reproduced from Reference 2.
3-5
-------
TABLE 3-1 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR FARATHION*
(continued)
Sample
Number
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
Untreated
Waste
(own)
5
6
14
9
13
7
10
9
9
9
7
6
5
9
7
11
17
13
22
7
14
7
6
6
5
6
6
13
10
5
17
11
20
20
9
9
9
11
9
7
5
9
5
8
9
4
9
6
8
5
7
10
3
6
7
5
14
6
6
4
Treated
Waste Sample
(DDOS) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
474
475
479
480
Untreated
Waste
(DtXO)
3
6
6
12
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
6
3
5
6
a
9
9
4
7
10
6
5
5
5
3
3
8
5
8
4
7
2
5
3
6
4
4
5
9
5
5
7
8
3
3
2
4
3
4
5
4
4
2
2
2
1
4
Treated
Waste Sample
(DDQI) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
Untreated
Waste
2
2
9
4
6
7
6
9
9
5
3
5
6
3
3
4
1
1
6
3
2
6
6
5
8
4
3
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
15
10
6
3
10
17
21
37
72
31
20
30
22
35
16
12
18
32
33
37
13
5
6
Treated
Waste
(DDtn)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
* These data are reproduced from Reference 2.
3-6
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TABLE 3-1 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR PARATHIOH*
(continued)
Sample
Number
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
Untreated
Waste
(pom)
5
13
7
4
12
8
21
17
13
8
13
6
9
10
17
12
12
11
3
7
7
7
13
5
10
15
11
14
7
14
10
12
21
5
5
10
9
14
12
9
26
37
11
11
8
6
9
20
7
17
9
10
5
7
6
2
19
21
11
5
Treated
Waste Sample
(pom) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
Untreated
Waste
(DDO)
4
7
5
12
9
2.4
2.6
0.8
1.5
1
1.9
1.3
4.1
13.6
5
6.5
7.7
4.9
5.4
4.1
4.9
10.8
9
7.7
5.6
7.5
8.5
10.4
15.2
16.2
9.7
3.9
4.7
6.1
11
7.7
8.6
10.7
3
6.8
6.3
17.1
9.1
5.3
4.3
8.5
8.8
5.6
5.8
6.9
14.8
9.2
8.4
4.8
6.8
19
5.9
5.7
7
2.7
Treated
Waste Sample
(Don) Number
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.014
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.015
0.013
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.018
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.016
0.009
0.008
0.01
0.006
0.008
0.002
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.004
0.001
0.007
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.003
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
Untreated
Waste
(pptn)
9.9
6.6
10
12.8
12.7
15.3
9.9
5.6
15.3
20.2
11.5
37.4
10
10.5
15.3
6.4
4.5
15.4
13.6
10.1
9.3
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.9
2.2
4.8
7.5
3.3
2.3
2.6
1.5
Treated
Waste
(ppm)
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
' 0.004
0.006
0.002
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.007
0.002
0.005
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
* These data are reproduced from Reference 2.
3-7
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4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5. 2 ( " IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAIL-
ABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR K037" - WASTEWATERS) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND
DOCUMENT FOR K037
This section presents the rationale for amending the determination
of best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) for wastewater forms of K037
from incineration to biological treatment.
After identifying applicable and demonstrated technologies for
treatment of the waste of concern EPA, EPA evaluated whether these technologies.
.are available. A treatment technology is considered "available" if it is (1)
commercially available and (2) provides substantial treatment of the waste.
As described in the Final BOAT Background Document for K037,
incineration is commercially available and provides substantial treatment of the
organic constituents of concern in wastewater forms of K037. EPA has also
determined that biological treatment is available for treatment of wastewater
forms of K037. Biological treatment services may be purchased at a number of
full-scale commercial waste treatment facilities. Biological treatment technol-
ogy may also be purchased for on site use. Therefore, biological treatment is
commercially available. Other data indicate that parathion- and toluene-
containing wastewaters judged to be similar to K037 wastewaters were treated by
biological treatment to concentrations at or nearly at the detection limits.
These data are presented in Table 3-1 of this document and in Reference 3 and
indicate substantial treatment. Therefore, biological treatment and incineration
are both considered "available" for treatment of treatment of K037 wastewaters.
EPA is amending the selected BOAT treatment technology for K037
wastewaters from incineration to biological treatment because new data has become
available on biological treatment. When the Agency has performance data on a
4-1
-------
wastewater treatment process and data on incineration (constituent concentra-
tions in scrubber water), the Agency prefers to establish treatment standards
based on the wastevater treatment process. (See the Second Third Final Rule,
54 FR 26594, 26629 (June 23, 1989)). Therefore, EPA has determined that
biological treatment is BOAT for wastewater forms of K037 and is amending the
previous designation of incineration as BDAT for this waste.
4-2
-------
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7 ("CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS")
OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K037
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated consti-
tuents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated treatment systems.
These standards must account for analytical limitations in available treatment
performance data, and the data must be adjusted for variabilities related to
treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures.
BOAT treatment standards are determined for each constituent by
multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted constituent concentrations
detected in treated waste by a "variability factor" specific to each constituent.
Variability factors correct for normal variations in the performance of a parti-
cular technology over time. They are designed to reflect the 99th percentile
level of performance that the technology achieves in commercial operation. For
more information on the principles of accuracy adjusting constituent concentra-
tions and calculating variability factors, see Methodology for Developing BOAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 4).
The previous promulgated treatment standards for wastewater forms
of K037 were based on the concentrations of disulfoton as measured in grab
samples of scrubber water from the incineration of K037 nonwastewaters. The
amended treatment standards being promulgated as proposed for disulfoton in
wastewater forms of K037, are based on the concentrations of parathion as
measured in composite samples of wastewater from the biological treatment of
parathion-containing wastewaters. The amended treatment standards being promul-
gated as proposed for toluene in wastewater forms of K037, are based on the
concentrations of toluene as measured in composite samples of wastewater from
5-1
-------
the biological treatment of toluene-containing wastewaters.
Development of the Disulfoton Treatment Standard. The proposed
treatment standard for disulfoton is based on treatment performance data for
parathion. EPA believes the transfer of treatment data on parathion to disul-
foton is valid based on similar molecular structure. The treatment standard was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the accuracy-corrected
constituent concentrations by a variability factor. The arithmetic average of
the accuracy-corrected constituent concentrations is 0.0093 ppm as calculated
in the Final BOAT Background Document for Organophosphorus Wastes (Reference 2).
The variability factor calculated for parathion is 2.64 (Reference
2). The variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment
system performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the samples
of the treated waste.
Multiplying the arithmetic average of the corrected constituent
concentration for parathion (0.0093) by the variability factor (2.64) yields a
treatment standard for disulfoton of 0.025 mg/1.
Development of the Toluene Treatment Standard. The proposed
treatment standard for toluene was calculated in a similar manner to that for
disulfoton. The median of Estimated Long-Term Means of 10 ug/1 (Table VII-64,
Reference 3) is multiplied by the calculated daily variability factor of 7.9506
(Table VII-66, Reference 3) to derive a proposed treatment standard of 0.080 mg/1
for toluene.
The data used to calculate treatment standards for both disulfoton
and toluene were obtained from analysis of composite samples of wastewater from
biological treatment. Since the data are based on composite samples, the treat-
ment standards have been specified as applicable to composite samples.
5-2
-------
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract No. 68-W9-
0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Mr. Richard Kinch,
Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment
Technology Section; and Mr. Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer. Ms. Mary Cunningham
served as the project manager for K036 regulatory development.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document: Mr. John Williams, Program Manager, Ms. Lori Stoll,
Project Director, and the Radian engineering team, Ms. Debra Falatko and Mr.
Steven Cragg.
6-1
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7.0 REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document
for K037. August, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
2. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document
for Organophosphorus Wastes. June, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
3. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Industrial Technol-
ogy Division. Final Development Document for Effluent Limitations. Guide-
lines, and Standards for the Organic Chemicals. Plastics, and Synthetic
Fibers Point Source Category. EPA 440/1-87/009 (October, 1987) Washing-
ton, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
4. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. June, 1989.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
5. American Public Health Association, American Waterworks Association, and
the Water Pollution Control Federation. 1985. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. Sixteenth Edition. Washington, D.C.,
American Public Health Association.
6. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment Technology Background Document. June, 1989. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
7-1
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