EPA/530-SW-88-031K
FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
K101 AND K102
LOW ARSENIC SUBCATEGORY
James R. Berlow, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Juan Baez-Martinez
Project Manager
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
August 1988
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY x
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Legal Background 1-1
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA 1-1
1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions ... 1-4
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology 1-5
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Groups 1-7
1.2.2 Demonstrated and Available Treatment
Technologies 1-7
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data 1-11
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and
Selected for Regulation 1-17
1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards... 1-30
1.2.6 Identification of BOAT 1-32
1.2.7 BOAT Treatment Standards for "Derived-
From" and "Mixed" Wastes 1-36
1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards 1-40
1.3 Variance from the BOAT Treatment Standard 1-41
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-2
2.1.1 Generation of K102 Waste 2-3
2.1.2 Generation of K101 Waste 2-3
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-6
3. APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-2
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-2
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters 3-2
3.2.2 Wastewaters 3-3
3.3 Detailed Description of Treatment Technologies.. 3-3
3.3.1 Incineration 3-4
3.3.2 Stabilization of Metals 3-23
3.3.3 Chemical Precipitation 3-30
4. PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Incineration Performance Data 4-1
4.3 Stabilization Performance Data 4-13
4.4 Chemical Precipitation Data 4-13
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
5. SELECTION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY FOR K101 AND K102 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Review of Performance Data 5-2
5.2.1 Nonwastewaters 5-2
5.2.2 Wastewaters 5-3
5.3 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data 5-4
5.4 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data 5-6
5.5 BOAT for K101/K102 Wastes 5-6
6. DETERMINATION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 6-1
6.1 BOAT List Constituents Detected in the Untreated
and Treated Waste 6-1
6.2 Constituents Detected in the Untreated Waste But
Not Considered for Regulation 6-18
6.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation 6-19
6.3.1 Nonwastewaters 6-23
6.3.2 Wastewaters 6-26
7. CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
7.1 Editing the Data 7-1
7.1.1 Nonwastewaters- 7-1
7.1.2 Wastewaters 7-2
7.2 Correcting the Remaining Data 7-2
7.3 Calculating Variability Factors 7-3
7.4 Calculating the Treatment Standards 7-7
7.4.1 Nonwastewaters 7-7
7.4.2 Wastewaters 7-9
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 8-1
9. REFERENCES 9-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
APPENDIX A Statistical Methods A-l
APPENDIX B Analytical Quality Assurance/Quality
Control B-l
APPENDIX C Detection Limits for K101 and K102 C-l
APPENDIX D Treatment Standard Calculation D-l
APPENDIX E Method of Measurement for Thermal
Conductivity E-l
APPENDIX F Continuous Emissions Monitoring Report and
Strip Charts for Engineering Site Visit F-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 BOAT CONSTITUENT LIST 1-21
2-1 MAJOR CONSTITUENT COMPOSITION FOR K101 AND K102
WASTES 2-7
2-2 BOAT CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS AND OTHER DATA FOR WASTE
CODES K101 AND K102 2-9
4-1 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #1 4-2
4-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #2 4-3
4-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #3 4-4
4-4 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #4 4-5
4-5 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY
INCINERATION - SAMPLE SETS 2A, 2B, AND 1 4-6
4-6 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #1 4-7
4-7 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #2 4-8
4-8 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #3 4-9
4-9 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #4 4-10
4-10 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #5 4-11
4-11 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #6 4-12
4-12 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 KILN ASH -
SAMPLE SETS 2A, 28, AND 1 4-14
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
4-13 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 KILN ASH -
SAMPLE SETS 1, 2, 3, AND 4 4-15
4-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED F006 WASTE 4-16
4-15 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATED F006 WASTE 4-18
4-16 CEMENT KILN DUST COMPOSITION DATA 4-19
4-17 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 SCRUBBER
WATER 4-20
4-18 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 SCRUBBER
WATER 4-21
4-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #1 .. 4-22
4-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #2 .. 4-24
4-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #3 .. 4-26
4-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #4 .. 4-28
4-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #5 .. 4-30
5-1 NONWASTEWATER DATA SHOWING SUBSTANTIAL TREATMENT ... 5-8
5-2 D004 WASTEWATER DATA SHOWING SUBSTANTIAL TREATMENT . 5-9
6-1 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED K101 WASTE 6-3
6-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED K102 WASTE 6-10
6-3 CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K101 6-20
6-4 CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K102 6-21
6-5 CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
K101/K102 6-22
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
7-1 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR ORGANICS IN K101 AND K102
NONWASTEWATERS 7-4
7-2 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR INORGANICS IN F006 NONWASTEWATERS 7-5
7-3 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR K101 AND K102 WASTEWATERS 7-6
A-l 95TH PERCENTILE VALUES FOR THE F DISTRIBUTION A-2
B-l ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR REGULATED CONSTITUENTS B-3
B-2 DEVIATIONS FROM SW-846 B-4
B-3 SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN EXTRACTION
OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS
ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS B-5
B-4 SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN EXTRACTION
OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN ALTERNATIVES TO SW-846
METHODS ARE ALLOWED BY APPROVAL OF EPA
•CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT DIVISION B-7
B-5 SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN ANALYSIS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS
ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS B-8
B-6 SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN PREPARATION
FOR ANALYSIS OF METALS WHEN ALTERNATIVES OR
EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS B-10
B-7 MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH B-12
B-8 MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR TREATED D004 WASTE B-13
B-9 MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR TREATED F006 WASTE B-14
C-l DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 BACKGROUND SCRUBBER WATER,
BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER, AND FINAL QUENCH WATER .... C-2
VII
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
C-2 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #1 C-7
C-3 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #2 C-12
C-4 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #3 C-17
C-5 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #4 C-22
C-6 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 BACKGROUND WATER,
BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER, AND FINAL QUENCH WATER C-27
C-7 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #1 C-32
C-8 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #2 AND #3 C-37
C-9 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #4 AND #5 C-43
C-10 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #6 C-49
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 GENERATION OF K102 FROM 3-NITRO-4-HYDROXYPHENYLAR-
SONIC ACID PRODUCTION 2-4
2-2 GENERATION OF K084 AND K101 FROM THE TREATMENT OF
D004 WASTES 2-5
3-1 LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATOR 3-8
3-2 ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR 3-9
3-3 • FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR 3-10
3-4 FIXED HEARTH INCINERATOR 3-12
3-5 CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION 3-33
3-6 CIRCULAR CLARIFIERS 3-36
3-7 INCLINED PLANE SETTLER 3-37
E-l SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE COMPARATIVE METHOD E-2
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BOAT Treatment Standards for K101 and K102
Pursuant to section 3004(m) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) enacted on November 8, 1984, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is establishing best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) treatment standards for the listed wastes identified in
40 CFR 261.32 as K101 and K102. Compliance with these BOAT treatment
standards is a prerequisite for placement of the wastes in units
designated as land disposal facilities according to 40 CFR Part 268. The
effective date of these treatment standards is August 8, 1988.
In promulgating treatment standards for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters,
the Agency has established two subcategories: the Low Arsenic
Subcategory and the High Arsenic Subcategory. The Low Arsenic
Subcategory is defined as those K101 and K102 wastes that contain less
than 1 percent total arsenic. The High Arsenic Subcategory is defined as
those K101 and K102 wastes that contain greater than or equal to 1
percent total arsenic. In this background document, the promulgated
treatment standards apply only to the Low Arsenic Subcategory. Treatment
standards for nonwastewaters in the High Arsenic Subcategory will be
established by the Agency at a later date. Until these treatment
standards are established, K101 and K102 nonwastewaters in the High
Arsenic Subcategory are restricted from land disposal according to the
"soft hammer" provisions, as stated in the Preamble for this rule,
Section III (c) 3.
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This background document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting the constituents to be regulated in the
K101 and K102 wastes and for developing treatment standards for those
regulated constituents. The document also provides waste
characterization information that serves as the basis for determining
whether variances may be warranted for a particular waste that has the
same waste code but has waste characteristics that make it more difficult
to treat than the waste upon which the BOAT treatment standards are based.
The introductory section, which appears verbatim in all the First
Third background documents, summarizes the Agency's legal authority and
promulgated methodology for establishing treatment standards, and
discusses the petition process necessary for requesting a variance from
these treatment standards. The remainder of the document presents
waste-specific information -- the number and locations of facilities
affected by the land disposal restrictions for the K101 and K102 wastes,
the waste generating process, characterization data, the technologies
used to treat the waste (or similar wastes), and available performance
data, including data on which the treatment standards are based. The
document also explains EPA's determination of BOAT, selection of
constituents to be regulated, and calculation of treatment standards.
According to 40 CFR 261.32, waste codes K101 and K102, which are
generated by the veterinary pharmaceutical industry, are listed as
follows:
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K101: Distillation tar residues from the distillation of
aniline-based compounds in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo- arsenic compounds.
K102: Residue from the use of activated carbon for decolorization in
the production of veterinary Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds.
EPA has estimated that two facilities in the veterinary
pharmaceutical industry are potential generators of the K101 and K102
wastes. Generators of K101 and K102 wastes generally fall under Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) Code 2834 (veterinary pharmaceutical).
Treatment standards are established for both nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of K101 and K102. (For the purpose of determining the
applicability of the treatment standards, wastewaters are defined as
wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight basis) total suspended
*
solids and less than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic carbon
(TOC). Waste not meeting this definition must comply with the treatment
standards for nonwastewaters.
For K101/K102 wastewaters, the Agency is establishing treatment
standards for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Additionally,
The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids."
Specifically, total suspended solids is measured by method 209c
(Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103 to 105°C) in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th edition.
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*
treatment standards are also established for ortho-nitroaniline in
K101 and ortho-nitrophenol in K102. Wastewater forms of K101 and K102
represent the scrubber water from the incineration of K101 and K102. The
scrubber waters are classified as K101/K102 wastewaters as a result of
the "derived-from" rule and the "mixture" rule as outlined in 40 CFR
261.3 (definition of hazardous waste). The treatment standards are based
on performance data from chemical precipitation. Performance data were
transferred from D004 wastes for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in
K101 and K102 and for ortho-nitroaniline in K101 and ortho-nitrophenol in
K102. The Agencyis deferring a treatment standard for antimony until a
later date.
For K101/K102 nonwastewaters, the Agency is establishing treatment
standards for cadmium, chromium (total), lead, and nickel. Additionally,
treatment standards are also established for ortho-nitroaniline in K101
and ortho-nitrophenol in K102. Treatment standards are based on
performance data from rotary kiln incineration followed by stabilization
of the ash residue. These treatment standards apply to the
"derived-from" forms of nonwastewater K101/K102, which are the ash
residue from incineration and the precipitate from chemical precipitation
of the wastewater. Performance data were transferred from F006 wastes
This constituent is not on the list of constituents in the Generic
Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions
Program ("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011, March 1987. It is a
ground-water monitoring constituent as listed in Appendix IX, 40 CFR
Part 264, 51 FR 26639, July 24, 1986.
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for cadmium, chromium (total), lead, and nickel. Treatment standards for
antimony, arsenic, and barium were deferred for a later date.
The following table presents the treatment standards for K101 and
K102 wastes, Low Arsenic Subcategory. The treatment standards for
wastewaters are total composition and reflect the concentration of
constituents in the waste and the units are mg/1 (parts per million on a
weight-by-volume basis). The treatment standards for nonwastewater
metals reflect the concentration of constituents in the leachate from the
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the units are mg/1
(parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis). The treatment standards
for nonwastewater organics are expressed as total composition and the
units are mg/kg (parts per million on a weight-by-weight basis). If the
concentrations of the regulated constituents in K101 and K102 wastes, as
generated, are lower than or equal to the proposed BOAT treatment
standards, then treatment is not necessary as a prerequisite to land
disposal.
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BOAT Treatment Standards for K101 Low Arsenic
Subcategory (Less Than 1 Percent Total Arsenic)
Maximum for any single grab sample
Nonwastewater Wastewater
Total TCLP leachate Total
Constituent concentration concentration concentration
(mg/kg) (mg/1) (mg/1)
Semivolatile Orqanics
Ortho-nitroaniline 14 NA 0.27
Metals
Arsenic NA NA 2.0
Cadmium NA 0.066 0.24
Chromium NA 5.2 NA
Lead NA 0.51 0.11
Mercury NA NA 0.027
Nickel NA 0.32 NA
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BOAT Treatment Standards for K102 Low Arsenic
Subcategory (Less Than 1 Percent Total Arsenic)
Maximum for any single grab sample
Nonwastewater Kastewater
Total TCLP leachate Total
Constituent concentration concentration concentration
(mg/kg) (mg/1) (mg/1)
Semivolatile Orqanics
Ortho-nitrophenol 13 NA 0.028
Metals
Arsenic NA NA 2.0
Cadmium NA 0.066 0.24
Chromium NA 5.2 NA
Lead NA 0.51 0.11
Mercury NA NA 0.027
Nickel NA 0.32 NA
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1. INTRODUCTION
This section of the background document presents a summary of the
legal authority pursuant to which the best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) treatment standards were developed, a summary of EPA's
promulgated methodology for developing the BOAT treatment standards, and,
finally, a discussion of the petition process that should be followed to
request a variance from the BOAT treatment standards.
1.1 Legal Background
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA), which were
enacted on November 8, 1984, and which amended the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), impose substantial new responsibilities
on those who handle hazardous waste. In particular, the amendments
require the Agency to promulgate regulations that restrict the land
disposal of untreated hazardous wastes. In its enactment of HSWA,
Congress stated explicitly that "reliance on land disposal should be
minimized or eliminated, and land disposal, particularly landfill and
surface impoundment, should be the least favored method for managing
hazardous wastes" (RCRA section 1002(b)(7), 42 U.S.C. 6901(b)(7)).
One part of the amendments specifies dates on which particular groups
of untreated hazardous wastes will be prohibited from land disposal
unless "it has been demonstrated to the Administrator, to a reasonable
degree of certainty, that there will be no migration of hazardous
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constituents from the disposal unit or injection zone for as long as the
wastes remain hazardous" (RCRA section 3004(d)(l), (e)(l), (g)(5),
42 U.S.C. 6924 (d)(l), (e)(l), (g)(5)).
For the purpose of the restrictions, HSWA defines land disposal "to
include, but not be limited to, any placement of ... hazardous waste in
a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land
treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed formation, or
underground mine or cave" (RCRA section 3004(k), 42 U.S.C. 6924(k)).
Although HSWA defines land disposal to include injection wells, such
disposal of solvents, dioxins, and certain other wastes, known as the
California List wastes, is covered on a separate schedule (RCRA section
3004(f)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (0(2)). This schedule requires that EPA
develop land disposal restrictions for deep well injection by
August 8, 1988.
The amendments also require the Agency to set "levels or methods of
treatment, if any, which substantially diminish the toxicity of the waste
or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous
constituents from the waste so that short-term and long-term threats to
human health and the environment are minimized" (RCRA section 3004(m)(l).
42 U.S.C. 6924 (m)(l)). Wastes that satisfy such levels or methods of
treatment established by EPA, i.e., treatment standards, are not
prohibited from being land disposed.
In setting treatment standards for listed or characteristic wastes,
EPA may establish different standards for particular wastes within a
single waste code with differing treatability characteristics. One such
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characteristic is the physical form of the waste. This frequently leads
to different standards for wastewaters and nonwastewaters.
Alternatively, EPA can establish a treatment standard that is applicable
to more than one waste code when, in EPA's judgment, a particular
constituent present in the wastes can be treated to the same
concentration in all the wastes.
In those instances where a generator can demonstrate that the
standard promulgated for the generator's waste cannot be achieved, the
amendments allow the Agency to grant a variance from a treatment standard
by revising the treatment standard for that particular waste through
rulemaking procedures. (A further discussion of treatment variances is
provided in Section 1.3.)
The land disposal restrictions are effective when promulgated unless
the Administrator grants a national variance and establishes a different
date (not to exceed 2 years beyond the statutory deadline) based on "the
earliest date on which adequate alternative treatment, recovery, or
disposal capacity which protects human health and the environment will be
available" (RCRA section 3004(h)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (h)(2)).
If EPA fails to set treatment standards by the statutory deadline for
any hazardous waste in the First Third or Second Third waste groups (see
Section 1.1.2), the waste may not be disposed in a landfill or surface
impoundment unless the facility is in compliance with the minimum
technological requirements specified in section 3004(o) of RCRA. In
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addition, prior to disposal, the generator must certify to the
Administrator that the availability of treatment capacity has been
investigated, and it has been determined that disposal in a landfill or
surface impoundment is the only practical alternative to treatment
currently available to the generator. This restriction on the use of
landfills and surface impoundments applies until EPA sets treatment
standards for the waste or until May 8, 1990, whichever is sooner. If
the Agency fails to set treatment standards for any ranked hazardous
waste by May 8, 1990, the waste is automatically prohibited from land
disposal unless the waste is placed in a land disposal unit that is the
subject of a successful "no migration" demonstration (RCRA section
3004(g), 42 U.S.C. 6924(g)). "No migration" demonstrations are based on
case-specific petitions that show there will be no migration of hazardous
constituents from the unit for as long as the waste remains hazardous.
1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions
Under section 3004(g) of RCRA, EPA was required to establish a
schedule for developing treatment standards for all wastes that the
Agency had listed as hazardous by November 8, 1984. Section 3004(g)
required that this schedule consider the intrinsic hazards and volumes
associated with each of these wastes. The statute required EPA to set
treatment standards according to the following schedule:
1. Solvent and dioxin wastes by November 8, 1986;
2. The "California List" wastes by July 8, 1987;
3. At least one-third of all listed hazardous wastes by
August 8, 1988.(First Third);
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4. At least two-thirds of all listed hazardous wastes by
June 8, 1989 (Second Third); and
5. All remaining listed hazardous wastes and all hazardous wastes
identified as of November 8, 1984, by one or more of the
characteristics defined in 40 CFR Part 261 by May 8, 1990 (Third
Third).
The statute specifically identified the solvent wastes as those
covered under waste codes F001, F002, F003, F004, and F005; it identified
the dioxin-containing hazardous wastes as those covered under waste codes
F020, F021, F022, and F023.
Wastes collectively known as the California List wastes, defined
under section 3004(d) of HSWA, are liquid hazardous wastes containing
metals, free cyanides, PCBs, corrosives (i.e., a pH less than or equal to
2.0), and any liquid or nonliquid hazardous waste containing halogenated
organic compounds (HOCs) above 0.1 percent by weight. Rules for the
California List were proposed on December 11, 1986, and final rules for
PCBs, corrosives, and HOC-containing wastes were established
August 12, 1987. In that rule, EPA elected not to establish treatment
standards for metals. Therefore, the statutory limits became effective.
On May 28, 1986, EPA published a final rule (51 FR 19300) that
delineated the specific waste codes that would be addressed by the First
Third, Second Third, and Third Third land disposal restriction rules.
This schedule is incorporated into 40 CFR 268.10, 268.11, and 268.12.
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology
In a November 7, 1986, rulemaking, EPA promulgated a technology-based
approach to establishing treatment standards under section 3004(m).
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Congress indicated in the legislative history accompanying the HSWA that
"[t]he requisite levels of [sic] methods of treatment established by the
Agency should be the best that has been demonstrated to be achievable,"
noting that the intent is "to require utilization of available
technology" and not a "process which contemplates technology-forcing
standards" (Vol. 130 Cong. Rec. S9178 (daily ed., July 25, 1984)). EPA
has interpreted this legislative history as suggesting that Congress
considered the requirement under section 3004(m) to be met by application
of the best demonstrated and achievable (i.e., available) technology
prior to land disposal of wastes or treatment residuals. Accordingly,
EPA's treatment standards are generally based on the performance of the
best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) identified for treatment of
the hazardous constituents. This approach involves the identification of
potential treatment systems, the determination of whether they are
demonstrated and available, and the collection of treatment data from
well-designed and well-operated systems.
The treatment standards, according to the statute, can represent
levels or methods of treatment, if any, that substantially diminish the
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration
of hazardous constituents. Wherever possible, the Agency prefers to
establish BOAT treatment standards as "levels" of treatment
(i.e., performance standards), rather than to require the use of specific
treatment "methods." EPA believes that concentration-based treatment
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levels offer the regulated community greater flexibility to develop and
implement compliance strategies, as well as an incentive to develop
innovative technologies.
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Groups
In developing the treatment standards, EPA first characterizes the
waste(s). As necessary, EPA may establish treatability groups for wastes
having similar physical and chemical properties. That is, if EPA
believes that hazardous constituents in wastes represented by different
waste codes could be treated to similar concentrations using identical
technologies, the Agency combines the wastes into one treatability
group. EPA generally considers wastes to be similar when they are both
generated from the same industry and from similar processing stages. In
addition, EPA may combine two or more separate wastes into the same
treatability group when data are available showing that the waste
characteristics affecting performance are similar or that one of the
wastes in the group, the waste from which treatment standards are to be
developed, is expected to be most difficult to treat.
Once the treatability groups have been established, EPA collects and
analyzes data on identified technologies used to treat the wastes in each
treatability group. The technologies evaluated must be demonstrated on
the waste or a similar waste and must be available for use.
1.2.2 Demonstrated and Available Treatment Technologies
Consistent with legislative history, EPA considers demonstrated
technologies to be those that are currently used on a full-scale basis to
1-7
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treat the waste of interest or a waste judged to be similar (see 51 FR
40588, November 7, 1986). EPA also will consider as demonstrated
treatment those technologies used to separate or otherwise process
chemicals and other materials on a full-scale basis. Some of these
technologies clearly are applicable to waste treatment, since the wastes
are similar to raw materials processed in industrial applications.
For most of the waste treatability groups for which EPA will
promulgate treatment standards, EPA will identify demonstrated
technologies either through review of literature related to current waste
treatment practices or on the basis of information provided by specific
facilities currently treating the waste or similar wastes.
In cases where the Agency does not identify any facilities treating
wastes represented by a particular waste treatability group, EPA may
transfer a finding of demonstrated treatment. To do this, EPA will
compare the parameters affecting treatment selection for the waste
treatability group of interest to other wastes for which demonstrated
technologies already have been determined. (The parameters affecting
treatment selection and their use for this waste are described in
Section 3.2 of this document.) If the parameters affecting treatment
selection are similar, then the Agency will consider the treatment
technology also to be demonstrated for the waste of interest. For
example, EPA considers rotary kiln incineration to be a demonstrated
technology for many waste codes containing hazardous organic
1-8
-------
constituents, high total organic content, and high filterable solids
content, regardless of whether any facility is currently treating these
wastes. The basis for this determination is data found in literature and
data generated by EPA confirming the use of rotary kiln incineration on
wastes having the above characteristics.
If no full-scale treatment or recovery operations are identified for
a waste or wastes with similar physical or chemical characteristics that
affect treatment selection, the Agency will be unable to identify any
demonstrated treatment technologies for the waste, and, accordingly, the
waste will be prohibited from land disposal (unless handled in accordance
with the exemption and variance provisions of the rule). The Agency is,
however, committed to establishing treatment standards as soon as new or
improved treatment processes are demonstrated (and available).
Operations only available at research facilities, pilot- and bench-
scale operations, will not be considered in identifying demonstrated
treatment technologies for a waste. Nevertheless, EPA may use data
generated at research facilities in assessing the performance of
demonstrated technologies.
As discussed earlier, Congress intended that technologies used to
establish treatment standards under section 3004(m) be not only
"demonstrated," but also "available." To decide whether demonstrated
technologies may be considered "available," the Agency determines whether
they (1) are commercially available and (2) substantially diminish the
1-9
-------
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration
of hazardous constituents from the waste. These criteria are discussed
below.
1. Commercially available treatment. If the demonstrated treatment
technology is a proprietary or patented process that is not
generally available, EPA will not consider the technology in its
determination of the treatment standards. EPA will consider
proprietary or patented processes available if it determines
that the treatment method can be purchased or licensed from the
proprietor or is a commercially available treatment. The
services of the commercial facility offering this technology
often can be purchased even if the technology itself cannot be
purchased.
2. Substantial treatment. To be considered "available," a
demonstrated treatment technology must "substantially diminish
the toxicity" of the waste or "substantially reduce the
likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents" from the
waste in accordance with section 3004(m). By requiring that
substantial treatment be achieved in order to set a treatment
standard, the statute ensures that all wastes are adequately
treated before being placed in or on the land and ensures that
the Agency does not require a treatment method that provides
little or no environmental benefit. Treatment will always be
deemed substantial if it results in nondetectable levels of the
hazardous constituents of concern (provided the nondetectable
levels are low relative to the concentrations in the untreated
waste). If nondetectable levels are not achieved, then a
determination of substantial treatment will be made on a
case-by-case basis. This approach is necessary because of the
difficulty of establishing a meaningful guideline that can be
applied broadly to the many wastes and technologies to be
considered. EPA will consider the following factors in an
effort to evaluate whether a technology provides substantial
treatment on a case-by-case basis:
• Number and types of constituents treated;
• Performance (concentration of the constituents in the
treatment residuals); and
• Percent of constituents removed.
1-10
-------
EPA will only set treatment standards based on a technology that
meets both availability criteria. Thus, the decision to classify a
technology as "unavailable" will have a direct impact on the treatment
standard. If the best demonstrated technology is unavailable, the
treatment standards will be based on the next best demonstrated treatment
technology determined to be available. To the extent that the resulting
treatment standards are less stringent, greater concentrations of
hazardous constituents in the treatment residuals could be placed in land
disposal units.
There also may be circumstances in which EPA concludes that for a
given waste none of the demonstrated treatment technologies are
"available" for purposes of establishing the 3004(m) treatment
performance standards. Subsequently, these wastes will be prohibited
from continued placement in or on the land unless managed in accordance
with applicable exemptions and variance provisions. The Agency is,
however, committed to establishing new treatment standards as soon as new
or improved treatment processes become available.
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data
Performance data on the demonstrated available technologies are
evaluated by the Agency to determine whether the data are representative
of well-designed and well-operated treatment systems. Only data from
well-designed and well-operated systems are considered in determining
BOAT. The data evaluation includes data already collected directly by
1-11
-------
EPA and/or data provided by industry. In those instances where
additional data are needed to supplement existing information, EPA
collects additional data through a sampling and analysis program. The
principal elements of this data collection program are: (1) the
identification of facilities for site visits, (2) the engineering site
visit, (3) the sampling and analysis plan, (4) the sampling visit, and
(5) the onsite engineering report.
(1) Identification of facilities for site visits. To identify
facilities that generate and/or treat the waste of concern, EPA uses a
number of information sources. These include Stanford Research
Institute's Directory of Chemical Producers; EPA's Hazardous Waste Data
Management System (HWDMS); the 1986 Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility
(TSDF) National Screening Survey; and EPA's Industry Studies Data Base.
In addition, EPA contacts trade associations to inform them that the
Agency is considering visits to facilities in their industry and to
solicit their assistance in identifying facilities for EPA to consider in
its treatment sampling program.
After identifying facilities that treat the waste, EPA uses this
hierarchy to select sites for engineering visits: (1) generators treating
single wastes on site; (2) generators treating multiple wastes together
on site; (3) commercial treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs); and (4) EPA in-house treatment. This hierarchy is based on two
concepts: (1) to the extent possible, EPA should develop treatment
1-12
-------
standards from data produced by treatment facilities handling only a
single waste, and (2) facilities that routinely treat a specific waste
have had the best opportunity to optimize design parameters. Although
excellent treatment can occur at many facilities that are not high in
this hierarchy, EPA has adopted this approach to avoid, when possible,
ambiguities related to the mixing of wastes before and during treatment.
When possible, the Agency will evaluate treatment technologies using
full-scale treatment systems. If performance data from properly designed
and operated full-scale systems treating a particular waste or a waste
judged to be similar are not available, EPA may use data from research
facility operations. Whenever research facility data are used, EPA will
explain in the preamble and background document why such data were used
and will request comments on the use of such data.
Although EPA's data bases provide information on treatment for
individual wastes, the data bases rarely provide data that support the
selection of one facility for sampling over another. In cases where
several treatment sites appear to fall into the same level of the
hierarchy, EPA selects sites for visits strictly on the basis of which
facility could most expeditiously be visited and later sampled if
justified by the engineering visit.
(2) Engineering site visit. Once a treatment facility has been
selected, an engineering site visit is made to confirm that a candidate
for sampling meets EPA's criteria for a well-designed facility and to
1-13
-------
ensure that the necessary sampling points can be accessed to determine
operating parameters and treatment effectiveness. During the visit, EPA
also confirms that the facility appears to be well operated, although the
actual operation of the treatment system during sampling is the basis for
EPA's decisions regarding proper operation of the treatment unit. In
general, the Agency considers a well-designed facility to be one that
contains the unit operations necessary to treat the various hazardous
constituents of the waste, as well as to control other nonhazardous
materials in the waste that may affect treatment performance.
In addition to ensuring that a system is reasonably well designed,
the engineering visit examines whether the facility has a way to measure
the operating parameters that affect performance of the treatment system
during the waste treatment period. For example, EPA may choose not to
sample a treatment system that operates in a continuous mode, for which
an important operating parameter cannot be continuously recorded. In
such systems, instrumentation is important in determining whether the
treatment system is operating at design values during the waste treatment
period.
(3) Sampling and analysis plan. If after the engineering site visit
the Agency decides to sample a particular plant, the Agency will then
develop a site-specific sampling and analysis plan (SAP) according to the
Generic Quality Assurance Pro.iect Plan for the Land Disposal Restrictions
Program ("BOAT"). EPA/530-SW-87-011. In brief, the SAP discusses where
the Agency plans to sample, how the samples will be taken, the frequency
1-14
-------
of sampling, the constituents to be analyzed and the method of analysis,
operational parameters to be obtained, and specific laboratory quality
control checks on the analytical results.
The Agency will generally produce a draft of the site-specific SAP
within 2 to 3 weeks of the engineering visit. The draft of the SAP is
then sent to the plant for review and comment. With few exceptions, the
draft SAP should be a confirmation of data collection activities
discussed with the plant personnel during the engineering site visit.
EPA encourages plant personnel to recommend any modifications to the SAP
that they believe will improve the quality of the data.
It is important to note that sampling of a plant by EPA does not mean
that the data will be used in the development of BOAT treatment
standards. EPA's final decision on whether to use data from a sampled
plant depends on the actual analysis of the waste being treated and on
the operating conditions at the time of sampling. Although EPA would not
plan to sample a facility that was not ostensibly well designed and well
operated, there is no way to ensure that at the time of the sampling the
facility will not experience operating problems. Additionally, EPA
statistically compares its test data to suitable industry-provided data,
where available, in its determination of what data to use in developing
treatment standards. The methodology for comparing data is presented
later in this section.
1-15
-------
(Note: Facilities wishing to submit data for consideration in the
development of BOAT standards should, to the extent possible, provide
sampling information similar to that acquired by EPA. Such facilities
should review the Generic Quality Assurance Pro.iect Plan for the Land
Disposal Restrictions Program ("BOAT"), which delineates all of the
quality control and quality assurance measures associated with sampling
and analysis. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are
summarized in Section 1.2.6 of this document.)
(4) Sampling visit. The purpose of the sampling visit is to collect
samples that characterize the performance of the treatment system and to
document the operating conditions that existed during the waste treatment
period. At a minimum, the Agency attempts to collect sufficient samples
of the untreated waste and solid and liquid treatment residuals so that
variability in the treatment process can be accounted for in the
development of the treatment standards. To the extent practicable, and
within safety constraints, EPA or its contractors collect all samples and
ensure that chain-of-custody procedures are conducted so that the
integrity of the data is maintained.
In general, the samples collected during the sampling visit will have
already been specified in the SAP. In some instances, however, EPA will
not be able to collect all planned samples because of changes in the
facility operation or plant upsets; EPA will explain any such deviations
from the SAP in its follow-up onsite engineering report.
1-16
-------
(5) Onslte engineering report. EPA summarizes all its data
collection activities and associated analytical results for testing at a
facility in a report referred to as the onsite engineering report (OER).
This report characterizes the waste(s) treated, the treated residual
concentrations, the design and operating data, and all analytical results
including methods used and accuracy results. This report also describes
any deviations from EPA's suggested analytical methods for hazardous
wastes that appear in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. SW-846,
Third Edition, November 1986.
After the OER is completed, the report is submitted to the waste
generator and/or treater for review. This review provides a final
opportunity for claiming any information contained in the report as
confidential. Following the review and incorporation of comments, as
appropriate, the report is made available to the public with the
exception of any material claimed as confidential.
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and Selected for Regulation
(1) Development of BOAT list. The list of hazardous constituents
within the waste codes that are targeted for treatment is referred to by
the Agency as the BOAT constituent list. This list, provided as
Table 1-1, is derived from the constituents presented in 40 CFR Part 261,
Appendices VII and VIII, as well as several ignitable constituents used
as the basis of listing wastes as F003 and F005. These sources provide a
1-17
-------
Ib21g
lable 1-1 UUAI Const Uuenl List
BOAT
reference
no.
22?.
1 .
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
223.
/.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
U.
IS.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
?3.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
224.
225.
226.
30.
227.
31.
214.
32.
33.
2?8.
34.
Constituent
Volat i 1e organ ics
Acetone
Acetonitri le
Aero le in
Acrylonitri le
Beruene
Bromodich lot-one theme
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachlonde
Carbon disu If ide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1.3-butadiene
•Ch lorod ibrononethdne
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1.2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1.2-Dibromoethane
Dibranomethane
trans-1.4-Oichloro-2-butenc
Oich lorod if luoromethane
1. 1-Dichloroethane
1.2-Oichloroelhane
1 . 1-Dichloroethy lene
trans -1 ,2-Oichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
trans- 1 ,3-Oichloropropunu
cis-1.3-Dichloropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacry late
E thy lene oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl alcohol
Methano 1
M(.'lhyl ethyl ketonc
CAS no.
67-64-1
75-05-8
107 02-8
107-13-1
71-43-2
75-27-4
74-83-9
71-36-3
56-23-5
75-15-0
108-90-7
12G-99-8
124-48-1
75-00-3
110 75 8
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-05-1
96-12-8
106-93-4
74-95-3
110-57-6
75-71-8
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-60-5
78-87-5
10061-02-6
10061-01-5
123-91-1
110-bO-5
141-/8-6
100-41-4
107-12-0
60-29-7
97-63-2
75-21-8
74-88 4
78-83-1
67-S6-1
78 93-3
1-18
-------
1521g
Idblu 1-1 (Continued)
UOAI
reference
no.
229.
35.
37.
38.
230.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
231.
50.
21b.
?16.
217.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
218.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
Constituent
Volat i le orqanics ( cont i nued )
Methyl isobutyl kctonc
Methyl methacrylate
Methacrylonitri le
Methylene chloride
2-N itropropane
Pyridine
1.1.1. 2- letrach loroethane
1 . 1 .2, 2-Tetrach loroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r 1 bromomethane
1 , 1 . 1 - 1 r ich loroethdne
•1.1. 2- Trich loroethane
Trichloroethene
Tr ichloromonof luoromethane
1 . 2 . 3- 1 r ich loropropane
1 . 1,2-Tr ich loro- 1,2.2- tr if luoro-
ethane
Vinyl chloride
1.2-Xylene
1.3-Xylene
1.4 Xylene
Semivo lat i le organ ics
Acenaphtha lene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acety laminof luorene
4-Aminobipheny 1
Ani line
Anthracene
Aram He
Ben; ( a ) anthracene
Benzal chloride
Bunzenethiol
Deleted
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzol b)f luoranthene
Benzo ( yh i ) pery lene
Benzp(k ) f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
CAS no.
10B-10-1
80-62-6
126-98-/
/5-09-2
79-46-9
110 86 1
630-20-6
79-34-6
127-18-4
108-88-3
75-25-2
/1-55-6
79-00-5
79-01 6
75-69-4
96-18-4
76-13-1
75-01-4
97-47-6
108-38-3
106-44-5
208 96-8
83-32-9
96-86-2
53-96-3
92-67 1
62-53-3
120-12-/
140-57-8
56 55 3
98-87-3
108-98-5
50-32-8
205-99-2
191-24-2
207-08-9
106-51-4
1-19
-------
lS?lg
Table 1-1 (C.ont inuuil)
bUAl
reference
no.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
//.
78.
79.
80.
81.
8?.
232.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106. .
219.
Constituent
Semivolat i le orqanics (continued)
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
8 is( 2-ch loro isopropy 1 )ether
Bis(?-ethy IhcxyOphtha Idle
4 Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Buty l-4.b-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani 1 ine
Chlorobenzi lute
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Ch loronaphtha lene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Crcsol
Cyc lohexanone
D i benz( a, h) anthracene
0 i benzo ( a . e ) pyrene
Uibenzo(a, i)pyrene
m- 0 ich lorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-D ich lorobenzene
3. 3 '-0 ich lorobcn/ id ine
2.4-Dichlorophenol
2.6-Dichlorophenol
Uiethyl phthalate
3.3'-Dimethoxyben/ iilim:
p Dimethylaminoazobeniene
3.3' -Dimethylbenzidine
2 . 4 - D imethy 1 pheno 1
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1.4-Oinitrobenzene
4 , 6-D in i tro-o-creso 1
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotolucne
2.6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propy Ini trosaminc
Oiphenylamine
Diphenylnitrosamine
CAS no.
111-91 1
111-44-4
39638-32-9
117-81-7
101 55-3
85-G8-7
88-85-7
106-47-8
510-15 6
59-50-7
91-58-7
95-57-8
542-76 7
218-01-9
95-48-/
106-44-5
108 94-1
53-70-3
192-65-4
189-55-9
541-73 1
95-50-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
120 83 2
87-65-0
84-66-2
119-90-4
60 117
119-93-7
105 6/-9
131-11-3
84 74-2
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
121 14 ?
606-20-2
11/-84-0
621 -64-/
122-39-4
86-30-6
1-20
-------
1521g
Table 1-1 (Continued)
BUAI
reference
no.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
36.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
1?8.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
220.
143.
144.
145.
146.
Const ituent
SemivoUtile orqjn ics (continued)
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Muoranthene
F luorene
Hexach lorobenzene
Hexach lorobutad iene
Hexachlorocyc lopentadiene
Hexach loroethanu
Hexach lorophene
Hexach loropropene
lndeno(1.2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Hethapyri Iene
3-Methy Icho lanthrene
4.4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroani 1 ine)
Methyl methanesulfondte
Naphtha Iene
1.4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthy lamine
2-Naphthy lamine
p-Nitroanil ine
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
N-N itrosodi-n- but y lamine
N-Nitrosodiethy lamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamme
N-N i t resume thy lethy lamine
N-N i trosomorpho 1 ine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrol idine
5-Nitro-o-to luidine
Pcntach lorobcnzene
Pentach loroethane
Pentach loron i t robenzene
Pentach loropheno 1
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Kesorcinol
CAS no.
122-66 7
206-44-0
86-73-7
118 74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
70-30-4
1888-71 7
193-39-5
120-58-1
91-80-5
56-49-5
101-14-4
66-27-3
91-20-3
130-15-4
134-32-7
91-59-8
100-01 6
98-95-3
100-02-7
924-16-3
55-18-5
62-75-9
10595-95-6
59-89-2
100-75-4
930-55-2
99-65-8
608 93 5
76-01-7
82-68-8
87-86-5
62-44-2
85-01-8
108-95-2
85-44-9
109-06-8
23950-58 5
129-00-0
108-46-3
1-21
-------
1521q
Table 1 1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
1/1.
172.
1/3.
174.
175.
Constituent
Semivolat i Ic orq.m ics (continued)
Safrole
1 , 2,4.5- letrdchloroben/rurie
2.3,4.6-Tctrachlorophcnol
1.2.4-Trich lorobenzene
2.4.5-Trichlorophenol
2, 4. 6- T rich lorophcno 1
Tris(2.3-dibromopropyl)
phosphate
Hetals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryll ium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexava lent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorqanics other than metals
Cyanide
fluoride
Sulfide
Orqanochlorine pesticides
Aldrin
a Ipha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta -BHC
CAS no.
94-59-7
95-94-3
58-90-2
120-82-1
95-95-4
88-06-2
126-72-7
7440-36 0
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
7440-43-9
7440-47-3
-
7440-50-8
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
7440-02-0
7782-49-2
7440-22 4
7440-28-0
7440-62-2
7440-66-6
57-12-5
16964-48 8
8490-25-8
309-00-2
319-84-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
1-22
-------
Table 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
164.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
Constituent
Orqanochlorine pesticides (continued)
(jdima-BHC
Ch lordanc
ODD
DOC
DDI
Dieldrin
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan 11
Endnn
Endnn aldehyde
Heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide
•Isodrin
Kepone
Methoxyclor
Toxaphene
Phenoxyacnt ic acid herbicides
2.4-Oichlorophenoxyacet ic acid
Si Ivex
2.4.5-T
Orqanophosphorous insecticides
Oisulfoton
Famphur
Methyl parathion
Parathion
Phorate
PCBs
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroc lor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
CAS no.
58-89-9
57 74-9
72-54 8
72-55-9
bO-29-3
60-57-1
939-98 8
33213-6-5
72-20-8
7421-93-4
76-44-8
1024-57-3
465-73-6
143-50-0
72-43-5
8001-35-2
94-75-7
93-72-1
93-76-5
298-04-4
52-85-7
298-00-0
56-38-2
298-02-2
12674-11-2
11104 28 2
11141-16-5
53469-21-9
12672-29-6
11097-69-1
11096-82-5
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1521y
Table 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference Constituent CAS no.
no.
Dioxins and furans
?07. Hexach lorotiibcnio-p-diox ins
?08. Hexach lorodiberuofurans
209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210. Pentachlorodibenzofurans
211. Tetrachlorodibcn?:o-p-dioxins
212. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
213. 2.3.7.8-letrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1746-01-6
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comprehensive list of hazardous constituents specifically regulated under
RCRA. The BOAT list consists of those constituents that can be analyzed
using methods published in SW-846, Third Edition.
The initial BOAT constituent list was published in EPA's Generic
Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Program
("BOAT") in March 1987. Additional constituents are added to the BOAT
constituent list as more key constituents are identified for specific
waste codes or as new analytical methods are developed for hazardous
constituents. For example, since the list was published in March 1987,
18 additional constituents (hexavalent chromium, xylenes (all three
isomers), benzal chloride, phthalic anhydride, ethylene oxide, acetone,
n-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl
ether, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-nitropropane,
l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane, and cyclohexanone) have been added
to the list.
Chemicals are listed in Appendix VIII if they are shown in scientific
studies to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on
humans or other life-forms, and they include such substances as those
identified by the Agency's Carcinogen Assessment Group as being
carcinogenic. A waste can be listed as a toxic waste on the basis that
it contains a constituent in Appendix VIII.
Although Appendix VII, Appendix VIII, and the F003 and F005
ignitables provide a comprehensive list of RCRA-regulated hazardous
constituents, not all of the constituents can be analyzed in a complex
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waste matrix. Therefore, constituents that could not be readily analyzed
in an unknown waste matrix were not included on the initial BOAT
constituent list. As mentioned above, however, the BOAT constituent list
is a continuously growing list that does not preclude the addition of new
constituents when analytical methods are developed.
There are five major reasons that constituents were not included on
the BOAT constituent list:
1. Constituents are unstable. Based on their chemical structure,
some constituents will either decompose in water or will
ionize. For example, maleic anhydride will form maleic acid
when it comes in contact with water, and copper cyanide will
ionize to form copper and cyanide ions. However, iPA may choose
to regulate the decomposition or ionization products.
2. EPA-approved or verified analytical methods are not available.
Many constituents, such as 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, are not
measured adequately or even detected using any of EPA's
analytical methods published in SW-846 Third Edition.
3. The constituent is a member of a chemical group designated in
Appendix VIII as not otherwise specified (N.O.S.). Constituents
listed as N.O.S., such as chlorinated phenols, are a generic
group of some types of chemicals for which a single analytical
procedure is not available. The individual members of each such
group need to be listed to determine whether the constituents
can be analyzed. For each N.O.S. group, all those constituents
that can be readily analyzed are included in the BOAT
constituent list.
4. Available analytical procedures are not appropriate for a
complex waste matrix. Some compounds, such as auramine, can be
analyzed as a pure constituent. However, in the presence of
other constituents, the recommended analytical method does not
positively identify the constituent. The use of high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) presupposes a high
expectation of finding the specific constituents of interest.
In using this procedure to screen samples, protocols would have
to be developed on a case-specific basis to verify the identity
of .constituents present in the samples. Therefore, HPLC is
usually not an appropriate analytical procedure for complex
samples containing unknown constituents.
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5. Standards for analytical instrument calibration are not
commercially available. For several constituents, such as
benz(c)acridine, commercially available standards of a
"reasonably" pure grade are not available. The unavailability
of a standard was determined by a review of catalogs from
specialty chemical manufacturers.
Two constituents (fluoride and sulfide) are not specifically included
in Appendices VII and VIII; however, these compounds are included on the
BOAT list as indicator constituents for compounds from Appendices VII and
VIII such as hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulfide, which ionize in
water.
The BOAT constituent list presented in Table 1-1 is divided into the
following nine groups:
Volatile organics;
Semivolatile organics;
Metals;
Other inorganics;
Organochlorine pesticides;
Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides;
Organophosphorous insecticides;
PCBs; and
Dioxins and furans.
The constituents were placed in these categories based on their chemical
properties. The constituents in each group are expected to behave
similarly during treatment and are also analyzed, with the exception of
the metals and the other inorganics, by using the same analytical methods
(2) Constituent selection analysis. The constituents that the
Agency selects for regulation in each waste are, in general, those found
in the untreated wastes at treatable concentrations. For certain waste
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codes, the target list for the untreated waste may have been shortened
(relative to analyses performed to test treatment technologies) because
of the extreme unlikelihood that the constituent will be present.
In selecting constituents for regulation, the first step is to
develop of list of potentially regulated constituents by summarizing all
the constituents that are present or are likely to be present in the
untreated waste at treatable concentrations. A constituent is considered
present in a waste if the constituent (1) is detected in the untreated
waste above the detection limit, (2) is detected in any of the treated
residuals above the detection limit, or (3) is likely to be present based
on the Agency's analyses of the waste-generating process. In case (2),
the presence of other constituents in the untreated waste may interfere
with the quantification of the constituent of concern, making the
detection limit relatively high and resulting in a finding of "not
detected" when, in fact, the constituent is present in the waste. Thus,
the Agency reserves the right to regulate such constituents.
After developing a list of potential constituents for regulation,
EPA reviews this list to determine if any of these constituents can be
excluded from regulation because they would be controlled by regulation
of other constituents on the list. This indicator analysis is done for
two reasons: (1) it reduces the analytical cost burdens on the treater
and (2) it facilitates implpmentation of the compliance .and enforcement
program. EPA's rationale for selection of regulated constituents for
this waste code is presented in Section 6 of this background document.
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(3) Calculation of standards. The final step in the calculation of
the BOAT treatment standard is the multiplication of the average
accuracy-corrected treatment value by a factor referred to by the Agency
as the variability factor. This calculation takes into account that even
well-designed and well-operated treatment systems will experience some
fluctuations in performance. EPA expects that fluctuations will result
from inherent mechanical limitations in treatment control systems,
collection of treated samples, and analysis of these samples. All of the
above fluctuations can be expected to occur at well-designed and
well-operated treatment facilities. Therefore, setting treatment
standards utilizing a variability factor should be viewed not as a
relaxing of section 3004(m) requirements, but rather as a function of the
normal variability of the treatment processes. A treatment facility will
have to be designed to meet the mean achievable treatment performance
level to ensure that the performance levels remain within the limits of
the treatment standard.
The Agency calculates a variability factor for each constituent of
concern within a waste treatability group using the statistical
calculation presented in Appendix A. The equation for calculating the
variability factor is the same as that used by EPA for the development of
numerous regulations in the Effluent Guidelines Program under the Clean
Water Act. The variability factor establishes the instantaneous maximum
based on the 99th percentile value.
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There is an additional step in the calculation of the treatment
standards in those instances where the ANOVA analysis shows that more
than one technology achieves a level of performance that represents
BOAT. In such instances, the BOAT treatment standard for each
constituent of concern is calculated by first averaging the mean
performance value for each technology and then multiplying that value by
the highest variability factor among the technologies considered. This
procedure ensures that all the technologies used as the basis for the
BOAT treatment standards will achieve full compliance.
1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards
Usually the treatment standards reflect performance achieved by the
best demonstrated available technology (BOAT). As such, compliance with
these numerical standards requires only that the treatment level be
achieved prior to land disposal. It does not require the use of any
particular treatment technology. While dilution of the waste as a means
to comply with the standards is prohibited, wastes that are generated in
such a way as to naturally meet the standards can be land disposed
without treatment. With the exception of treatment standards that
prohibit land disposal, or that specify use of certain treatment methods,
all established treatment standards are expressed as concentration levels.
EPA is using both the total constituent concentration and the
concentration of the constituent in the TCLP extract of the treated waste
as a measure of technology performance.
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For all organic constituents, EPA is basing the treatment standards
on the total constituent concentration found in the treated waste. EPA
is using this measurement because most technologies for treatment of
organics destroy or remove organics compounds. Accordingly, the best
measure of performance would be the total amount of constituent remaining
after treatment. (NOTE: EPA's land disposal restrictions for solvent
waste codes F001-F005 (51 FR 40572) use the TCLP extract value as a
measure of performance. At the time that EPA promulgated the treatment
standards for F001-F005, useful data were not available on total
constituent concentrations in treated residuals, and, as a result, the
TCLP data were considered to be the best measure of performance.)
For all metal constituents, EPA is using both total constituent
concentration and/or the TCLP extract concentration as the basis for
treatment standards. The total constituent concentration is being used
when the technology basis includes a metal recovery operation. The
underlying principle of metal recovery is that it reduces the amount of
metal in a waste by separating the metal for recovery; total constituent
concentration in the treated residual, therefore, is an important measure
of performance for this technology. Additionally, EPA also believes that
it is important that any remaining metal in a treated residual waste not
be in a state that is easily leachable; accordingly, EPA is also using
the TCLP extract concentration as a measure of performance. It is
important to note that for wastes for which treatment standards are based
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on a metal recovery process, the facility has to comply with both the
total and the TCLP extract constituent concentrations prior to land
disposing the waste.
In cases where treatment standards for metals are not based on
recovery techniques but rather on stabilization, EPA is using only the
TCLP value as a measure of performance. The Agency's rationale is that
stabilization is not meant to reduce the concentration of metal in a
waste but only to chemically minimize the ability of the metal to leach.
1.2.6 Identification of BOAT
BOAT for a waste must be the "best" of the demonstrated available
technologies. EPA determines which technology constitutes "best" after
screening the available data from each demonstrated technology, adjusting
these data for accuracy, and comparing the performance of each
demonstrated technology to that of the others. If only one technology is
identified as demonstrated, it is considered "best"; if it is available,
the technology is BOAT.
(1) Screening of treatment data. The first activity in
determining which of the treatment technologies represent treatment by
BOAT is .to screen the treatment performance data from each of the
demonstrated and available technologies according to the following
criteria:
1. Design and operating data associated with the treatment data
must reflect a well-designed, well-operated system for each
treatment data point. (The specific design and operating
parameters for each demonstrated technology for the waste
code(s) of interest are discussed in Section 3.2 of this
document.)
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2. Sufficient QA/QC data must be available to determine the true
values of the data from the treated waste. This screening
criterion involves adjustment of treated data to take into
account that the true value may be different from the measured
value. This discrepancy generally is caused by other
constituents in the waste that can mask results or otherwise
interfere with the analysis of the constituent of concern.
3. The measure of performance must be consistent with EPA's
approach to evaluating treatment by type of constituents (e.g.,
total concentration data for organics, and total concentration
and TCLP extract concentration for metals from the residual).
In the absence of data needed to perform the screening analysis, EPA
will make decisions on a case-by-case basis as to whether to use the data
as a basis for the treatment standards. The factors included in this
case-by-case analysis will be the actual treatment levels achieved, the
availability of the treatment data and their completeness (with respect
to the above criteria), and EPA's assessment of whether the untreated
waste represents the waste code of concern.
(2) Comparison of treatment data. In cases in which EPA has
treatment data from more than one demonstrated available technology
following the screening activity, EPA uses the statistical method known
as analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if one technology performs
significantly better than the others. This statistical method
(summarized in Appendix A) provides a measure of the differences between
two data sets. Specifically, EPA uses the analysis of variance to
determine whether BOAT represents a level of performance achieved by only
one technology or represents a level of performance achieved by more than
one (or all) of the technologies. If EPA finds that one technology
performs significantly .better (i.e., is "best"), BOAT treatment standards
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are the level of performance achieved by that best technology multiplied
by the corresponding variability factor for each regulated constituent.
If the Agency finds that the levels of performance for one or more
technologies are not statistically different, EPA averages the
performance values achieved by each technology and then multiplies this
value by the largest variability factor associated with any of the
technologies.
(3) Quality assurance/quality control. This section presents the
principal quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures employed
in screening and adjusting the data to be used in the calculation of
treatment standards. Additional QA/QC procedures used in collecting and
screening data for the BOAT program are presented in EPA's Generic
Quality Assurance Pro.iect Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Program
("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011.
To calculate the treatment standards for the land disposal restriction
rules, it is first necessary to determine the recovery value for each
constituent (the amount of constituent recovered after spiking--which is
the addition of a known amount of the constituent—minus the initial
concentration in the samples, all divided by the spike amount added) for
each spiked sample of the treated residual. Once the recovery values are
determined, the following procedures are used to select the appropriate
percent recovery value to adjust the analytical data:
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1. If duplicate spike recovery values are available for the
constituent of interest, the data are adjusted by the lowest
available percent recovery value (i.e., the value that will
yield the most conservative estimate of treatment achieved).
However, if a spike recovery value of less than 20 percent is
reported for a specific constituent, the data are not used to
set treatment standards because the Agency does not have
sufficient confidence in the reported value to set a national
standard.
2. If data are not available for a specific constituent but are
available for an isomer, then the spike recovery data are
transferred from the isomer and the data are adjusted using the
percent recovery selected according to the procedure described
in (1) above.
3. If data are not available for a specific constituent but are
available for a similar class of constituents (e.g., volatile
organics, acid-extractable semivolatiles), then spike recovery
data available for this class of constituents are transferred.
All spike recovery values greater than or equal to 20 percent
for a spike sample are averaged and the constituent
concentration is adjusted by the average recovery value. If
spiked recovery data are available for more than one sample, the
average is calculated for each sample and the data are adjusted
by using the lowest average value.
4. If matrix spike recovery data are not available for a set of
data to be used to calculate treatment standards, then matrix
spike recovery data are transferred from a waste that the Agency
believes is similar (e.g., if the data represent an ash from
incineration, then data from other incinerator ashes could be
used). While EPA recognizes that transfer of matrix spike
recovery data from a similar waste is not an exact analysis,
this is considered the best approach for adjusting the data to
account for the fact that most analyses do not result in
extraction of 100 percent of the constituent. In assessing the
recovery data to be transferred, the procedures outlined in (1),
(2), and (3) above are followed.
The analytical procedures employed to generate the data used to
calculate the treatment standards are listed in Appendix B of this
document. In cases where alternatives or equivalent procedures and/or
equipment are allowed in EPA's SW-846, Third Edition methods, the
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specific procedures and equipment used are documented. In addition, any
deviations from the SW-846, Third Edition methods used to analyze the
specific waste matrices are documented. It is important to note that the
Agency will use the methods and procedures delineated in Appendix B to
enforce the treatment standards presented in Section 7 of this document.
Accordingly, facilities should use these procedures in assessing the
performance of their treatment systems.
1.2.7 BOAT Treatment Standards for "Derived-From" and "Mixed" Wastes
(1) Wastes from treatment trains generating multiple residues. In a
number of instances, the proposed BOAT consists of a series of
operations, each of which generates a waste residue. For example, the
proposed BOAT for a certain waste code is based on solvent extraction,
steam stripping, and activated carbon adsorption. Each of these
treatment steps generates a waste requiring treatment — a
solvent-containing stream from solvent extraction, a stripper overhead,
and spent activated carbon. Treatment of these wastes may generate
further residues; for instance, spent activated carbon (if not
regenerated) could be incinerated, generating an ash and possibly a
scrubber water waste. Ultimately, additional wastes are generated that
may require land disposal. With respect to these wastes, the Agency
wishes to emphasize the following points:
1. All of the residues from treating the original listed wastes are
likewise considered to be the listed waste by virtue of the
derived-from rule contained in 40 CFR 261.3(c)(2). (This point
is discussed more fully in (2) below.) Consequently, all of the
wastes generated in the course of treatment would be prohibited
from .land disposal unless they satisfy the treatment standard or
meet one of the exceptions to the prohibition.
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2. The Agency's proposed treatment standards generally contain a
concentration level for wastewaters and a concentration level
for nonwastewaters. The treatment standards apply to all of the
wastes generated in treating the original prohibited waste.
Thus, all derived-from wastes meeting the Agency definition of
wastewater (less than 1 percent total organic carbon (TOC) and
less than 1 percent total suspended solids) would have to meet
the treatment standard for wastewaters. All residuals not
meeting this definition would have to meet the treatment
standard for nonwastewaters. EPA wishes to make clear that this
approach is not meant to allow partial treatment in order to
comply with the applicable standard.
3. The Agency has not performed tests, in all cases, on every waste
that can result from every part of the treatment train.
However, the Agency's treatment standards are based on treatment
of the most concentrated form of the waste. Consequently, the
Agency believes that the less concentrated wastes generated in
the course of treatment will also be able to be treated to meet
this value.
(2) Mixtures and other derived-from residues. There is a further
question as to the applicability of the BOAT treatment standards to
residues generated not from treating the waste (as discussed above), but
from other types of management. Examples are contaminated soil or
leachate that is derived from managing the waste. In these cases, the
mixture is still deemed to be the listed waste, either because of the
derived-from rule (40 CFR 261.3(c)(2)(i)) or the mixture rule (40 CFR
261.3(a)(2)(iii) and (iv)) or because the listed waste is contained in
the matrix (see, for example, 40 CFR 261.33(d)). The prohibition for the
particular listed waste consequently applies to this type of waste.
The Agency believes that the majority of these types of residues can
meet the treatment standards for the underlying listed wastes (with the
possible exception of contaminated soil and debris for which the Agency
is currently investigating whether it is appropriate to establish a
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separate treatability subcategorization). For the most part, these
residues will be less concentrated than the original listed waste. The
Agency's treatment standards also make a generous allowance for process
variability by assuming that all treatability values used to establish
the standard are lognormally distributed. The waste also might be
amenable to a relatively nonvariable form of treatment technology such as
incineration. Finally, and perhaps most important, the rules contain a
treatability variance that allows a petitioner to demonstrate that its
waste cannot be treated to the level specified in the rule (40 CFR Part
268.44(a)). This provision provides a safety valve that allows persons
with unusual waste matrices to demonstrate the appropriateness of a
different standard. The Agency, to date, has not received any petitions
under this provision (for example, for residues contaminated with a
prohibited solvent waste), indicating, in the Agency's view, that the
existing standards are generally achievable.
(3) Residues from managing listed wastes or that contain listed
wastes. The Agency has been asked if and when residues from managing
hazardous wastes, such as leachate and contaminated ground water, become
subject to the land disposal prohibitions. Although the Agency believes
this question to be settled by existing rules and interpretative
statements, to avoid any possible confusion the Agency will address the
question again.
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Residues from managing First Third wastes, listed California List
wastes, and spent solvent and dioxin wastes are all considered to be
subject to the prohibitions for the listed hazardous waste as originally
generated. Residues from managing California List wastes likewise are
subject to the California List prohibitions when the residues themselves
exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste. This determination stems
directly from the derived-from rule in 40 CFR 261.3(c)(2) or, in some
cases, from the fact that the waste is mixed with or otherwise contains
the listed waste. The underlying principle stated in all of these
provisions is that listed wastes remain listed until delisted.
The Agency's historic practice in processing delisting petitions that
address mixing residuals has been to consider them to be the listed waste
and to require that delisting petitioners address all constituents for
which the derived-from waste (or other mixed waste) was listed. The
language in 40 CFR 260.22(b) states that mixtures or derived-from
residues can be delisted provided a delisting petitioner makes a
demonstration identical to that which a delisting petitioner would make
for the original listed waste. Consequently, these residues are treated
as the original listed waste for delisting purposes. The statute
likewise takes this position, indicating that soil and debris that are
contaminated with listed spent solvents or dioxin wastes are subject to
the prohibition for these wastes even though these wastes are not the
originally generated waste, but rather are a residual from management
(RCRA section 3004(e)(3)). It is EPA's view that all such residues are
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covered by the existing prohibitions and treatment standards for the
listed hazardous waste that these residues contain or from which they are
derived.
1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards
EPA is proposing some treatment standards that are not based on
testing of the treatment technology on the specific waste subject to the
treatment standard. The Agency has determined that the constituents
present in the untested waste can be treated to the same performance
levels as those observed in other wastes for which EPA has previously
developed treatment data. EPA believes that transferring treatment
performance data for use in establishing treatment standards for untested
wastes is technically valid in cases where the untested wastes are
generated from similar industries or processing steps, or have similar
waste characteristics affecting performance and treatment selection.
Transfer of treatment standards to similar wastes or wastes from similar
processing steps requires little formal analysis. However, in a case
where only the industry is similar, EPA more closely examines the waste
characteristics prior to deciding whether the untested waste constituents
can be treated to levels associated with tested wastes.
EPA undertakes a two-step analysis when determining whether
constituents in the untested wastes can be treated to the same level of
performance as in the tested waste. First, EPA reviews the available
waste characterization data to identify those parameters that are
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expected to affect treatment selection. EPA has identified some of the
most important constituents and other parameters needed to select the
treatment technology appropriate for the given waste(s) in Section 3.
Second, when analysis suggests that an untested waste can be treated
with the same technology as a waste for which treatment performance data
are already available, EPA analyzes a more detailed list of
characteristics that the Agency believes will affect the performance of
the technology. By examining and comparing these characteristics, the
Agency determines whether the untested wastes will achieve the same level
of treatment as the tested waste. Where the Agency determines that the
untested waste can be treated as well or better than the tested waste,
the treatment standards can be transferred.
1.3 Variance from the BOAT Treatment Standard
The Agency recognizes that there may exist unique wastes that cannot
be treated to the level specified as the treatment standard. In such a
case, a generator or owner/operator may submit a petition to the
Administrator requesting a variance from the treatment standard. A
particular waste may be significantly different from the wastes on which
the treatment standards are based because the subject waste contains a
more complex matrix that makes it more difficult to treat. For example.
complex mixtures may be formed when a restricted waste is mixed with
other waste streams by spills or other forms of inadvertent mixing. As a
result, the treatability of the restricted waste may be altered such that
it cannot meet the applicable treatment standard.
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Variance petitions must demonstrate that the treatment standard
established for a given waste cannot be met. This demonstration can be
made by showing that attempts to treat the waste by available
technologies were not successful or by performing appropriate analyses of
the waste, including waste characteristics affecting performance, which
demonstrate that the waste cannot be treated to the specified levels.
Variances will not be granted based solely on a showing that adequate
BOAT treatment capacity is unavailable. (Such demonstrations can be made
according to the provisions in Part 268.5 of RCRA for case-by-case
extensions of the effective date.) The Agency will consider granting
generic petitions provided that representative data are submitted to
support a variance for each facility covered by the petition.
Petitioners should submit at least one copy to:
The Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
An additional copy marked "Treatability Variance" should be submitted
to:
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Office of Solid Waste (WH-565)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
Petitions containing confidential information should be sent with
only the inner envelope marked "Treatability Variance" and "Confidential
Business Information" and with the contents marked in accordance with the
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requirements of 40 CFR Part 2 (41 FR 36902, September 1, 1976, amended by
43 FR 4000).
The petition should contain the following information:
1. The petitioner's name and address.
2. A statement of the petitioner's interest in the proposed action.
3. The name, address, and EPA identification number of the facility
generating the waste, and the name and telephone number of the
plant contact.
4. The process(es) and feed materials generating the waste and an
assessment of whether such process(es) or feed materials may
produce a waste that is not covered by the demonstration.
5. A description of the waste sufficient for comparison with the
waste considered by the Agency in developing BOAT, and an
estimate of the average and maximum monthly and annual
quantities of waste covered by the demonstration. (Note: The
petitioner should consult the appropriate BOAT background
document for determining the characteristics of the wastes
considered in developing treatment standards.)
6. If the waste has been treated, a description of the system used
for treating the waste, including the process design and
operating conditions. The petition should include the reasons
the treatment standards are not achievable and/or why the
petitioner believes the standards are based on inappropriate
technology for treating the waste. (Note: The petitioner should
refer to the BOAT background document as guidance for
determining the design and operating parameters that the Agency
used in developing treatment standards.)
7. A description of the alternative treatment systems examined by
the petitioner (if any); a description of the treatment system
deemed appropriate by the petitioner for the waste in question;
and, as appropriate, the concentrations in the treatment
residual or extract of the treatment residual (i.e., using the
TCLP, where appropriate, for stabilized metals) that can be
achieved by applying such treatment to the waste.
8. A description of those parameters affecting treatment selection
and waste characteristics that affect performance, including
results of all analyses. (See Section 3 for a discussion of
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waste characteristics affecting performance that the Agency has
identified for the technology representing BOAT.)
9. The dates of the sampling and testing.
10. A description of the methodologies and equipment used to obtain
representative samples.
11. A description of the sample handling and preparation techniques,
including techniques used for extraction, containerization, and
preservation of the samples.
12. A description of analytical procedures used, including QA/QC
methods.
After receiving a petition for a variance, the Administrator may
request any additional information or waste samples that may be required
to evaluate and process the petition. Additionally, all petitioners must
certify that the information provided to the Agency is accurate under
40 CFR 268.4(b).
In determining whether a variance will be granted, the Agency will
first look at the design and operation of the treatment system being
used. If EPA determines that the technology and operation are consistent
with BOAT, the Agency will evaluate the waste to determine if the waste
matrix and/or physical parameters are such that the BOAT treatment
standards reflect treatment of this waste. Essentially, this latter
analysis will concern the parameters affecting treatment selection and
waste characteristics affecting performance parameters.
In cases where BOAT is based on more than one technology, the
petitioner will need to demonstrate that the treatment standard cannot be
met using any of the technologies, or that none of the technologies are
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appropriate for treatment of the waste. After the Agency has made a
determination on the petition, the Agency's findings will be published in
the Federal Register, followed by a 30-day period for public comment.
After review of the public comments, EPA will publish its final
determination in the Federal Register as an amendment to the treatment
standards in 40 CFR Part 268, Subpart D.
1-45
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2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
The previous section provided the background for the Agency's study
of K101 and K102 wastes. The purpose of this section is to describe the
industry that will be affected by land disposal restrictions on waste
codes K101 and K102 and to characterize these wastes. This section
includes a description of the industry affected and the production
processes employed in this industry. Also included is a discussion of
how K101 and K102 wastes are generated by these processes. This section
concludes with a characterization of the K101 and K102 wastes and a
determination of the waste treatability group for these wastes.
The full list of hazardous waste codes from specific sources is given
in 40 CFR 261.32 (see discussion in Section 1 of this document). Within
this list, two specific hazardous waste codes are generated by the
veterinary Pharmaceuticals industry.
K101: Distillation tar residues from the distillation of
aniline-based compounds in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo- arsenic compounds.
K102: Residue from the use of activated carbon for decolorization in
the production of veterinary Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds.
The Agency has determined that these waste codes (K101 and K102)
represent a separate waste treatability group. This was established
because they originate from the same industry and similar processes:
K102 in the production process and K101 in the treatment process of
production wastewaters. In addition, the same treatment technologies
2-1
-------
apply to both waste codes. As a result, the Agency has examined the
sources of the wastes, applicable treatment technologies, and treatment
performance attainable in order to support a single regulatory approach
for the two wastes.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
The four-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) code reported
for the veterinary Pharmaceuticals industry is 2834. The Agency has
identified two facilities in the United States that are actively involved
in the production of veterinary Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds which could generate K101 and K102 wastes.
Information from the listing background document and from facility
contacts provides a geographic distribution of these facilities across
the United States. The two facilities involved in producing
arsenic-based veterinary Pharmaceuticals are located in northeast Iowa
and southwest North Carolina.
As identified by EPA, the processes that use arsenic or organo-
arsenic compounds are the production of 3-nitro- and 4-nitro-4-hydroxy-
phenylarsonic acid (3-nitro, 4-nitro). The manufacture of 3-nitro
requires the reaction of an organic compound with inorganic arsenic to
form the organo-arsenic product. The listed waste K102 is generated in
the production process. Details of the production process are considered
to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) and are not presented
2-2
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*
here. (See Figure 2-1.)
The wastewaters and floor washings generated from 3-Nitro exhibit the
characteristics of EP toxicity for arsenic. These wastewaters are
**
classified by EPA as D004 characteristic waste. In the treatment of
the wastes from the production process, two listed wastes, K084 and K101,
are generated (see Figure 2-2).
2.1.1 Generation of K102 Waste
The product stream from the reactor in the 3-nitro-4-
hydroxyphenylarsonic acid process goes to a hydrolysis tank where carbon
and caustic soda are added to decolor the product stream. The
decolorized stream from the hydrolysis tank is filtered in a filter
press. The spent carbon removed is the listed waste K102. The filtrate
*
from the filtering step undergoes additional steps and the product,
3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, is recovered. (See Figure 2-1.)
2.1.2 Generation of K101 Waste
The listed waste K101 is generated in the treatment of wastewaters
originating from the production of arsenic-containing veterinary
Pharmaceuticals. (See Figure 2-2.) The wastewaters, D004, are treated in
a series of steps. First, the wastewaters are precipitated using caustic
**
Details of the production of 3-nitro are in the RCRA CBI Docket.
Throughout the remainder of this document, this characteristic
waste will be referred to simply as D004.
2-3
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ACT VAT ED
CARBON
CAUSTIC SODA
PRODUCT STREAM
FROM THE
REACTOR
HYDROLYSIS
TANK
FILTER
FILTRATE TO
PRODUCT DRYER
SPENT CARBON
(K102)
FIGURE 2-1
-GENERATION OF K102 FROM 3-NITRO-4-HYDROXYPHENYLARSONIC
ACID PRODUCTION
2-4
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CAUSTIC/
METAL 5ULFATES
D004 WASTES
PROCESS WASTEWATERS
AND FLOOR WASHINGS
FROM 3-NITRO-4-
HYD ROXYPH ENYLARSON 1C
ACID PRODUCTION
PRECIPITATION
TREATMENT BASIN
FILTRATE
PRE COAT FILTER
SAND AND
GRAVEL FILTER
ACETONE
ACETONE
RECOVERY
COLUMN
FILTER CAKE (KOB4)
1
RESIN
ADSORPTION
COLUMN
TARS
(K101)
TO CENTRAL
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-2
GENERATION OF K084 AND K101 FROM THE TREATMENT
OF D004 WASTES
2-5
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and metal sulfates. The precipitated salts generated are the listed
waste K084. Second, the supernate from the chemical precipitation step
passes through a sand and gravel filter to remove undissolved solids.
Third, the filtered supernate passes through a resin adsorption column
designed to remove ortho-nitroaniline (2-nitroanaline) and ortho-
nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol). The resin adsorption column is regenerated
with acetone. The acetone used for this regeneration is distilled in an
acetone recovery column. The clay-like tars generated in the
distillation are the listed waste K101.
2.2 Waste Characterization
This section includes all waste characterization data available to
the Agency for the K101 and K102 wastes. An estimate of the major
constituents in these wastes and their approximate concentrations are
presented in Table 2-1. The percent concentration of each major
constituent in the wastes was determined from best estimates based on
chemical analyses. Table 2-1 shows that the major constituent of K101 is
the clay-like tar from the acetone recovery column (78 percent). BOAT
list organics and metals each are present in less than 1 percent in
K101. The non-BDAT list organic, 2-nitroaniline, accounts for 20 percent
of K101 waste. The major constituent present in K102 is spent activated
carbon (97 percent). BOAT organics account for less than 1 percent of
the K102 waste. BOAT metals are present in K102 at less than 2 percent,
with arsenic and antimony being the majority of metals present.
2-6
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Table 2-1
Major Constituent Composition for K101 Waste3
Constituent
Weight percent
in K101
BOAT organics
BOAT metals
2-Nitroaniline
Clay-like tar
<20
>78
100
Major Constituent Composition for K102 Waste3
Constituent
Weight percent
in K102
BOAT organics
Arsenic
Other BOAT metals (primarily antimony)
Spent activated carbon
2i7_
100
3Percent concentrations presented here were determined from best
estimates based on chemical analyses.
Reference: USEPA 1988a and USEPA 1988b.
2-7
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The ranges of BOAT constituents present in each waste and all other
available data concerning waste characterization parameters, obtained
from the Onsite Engineering Reports for John Zink Company, Tulsa,
Oklahoma, are presented by waste code in Table 2-2. This table lists the
ranges of BOAT organics (volatile and semivolatile), metals, and
inorganics other than metals present in K101 and K102 wastes. Other
parameters analyzed in the wastes include non-BDAT organics, chlorides,
sulfates, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids,
and total organic carbon.
2-8
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TABLE 2-2 BOAT CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS AND OTHER DATA FOR WASTE CODES K101 AND 1C 102
Untreated K101 Waste
Concentration
Ranges
. Untreated K102 Waste
Concentration
Ranges
(mg/kg)
BOAT
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
<50 - 81
<25 - 42
ND
<36,000 • <38,000
ND
ND
5.4 - 26
<1.5 - 5.3
<19.4 - <194
<19.4 - <194
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Fluoride
171 Sulfide
NON-BDAT
* 2-Nitroaniline
* 2-Nitrophenol
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<3.3 - 7.4
590 - 1,950
3.5 • 108
<0.1
<5.0
2.0 - 22
128 - 289
<0.5 - 6.7
1.5 • 4.2
1.8 - 5.4
<0.5
<0.7 • 1.6
<5.0
<0.4 - 1.7
35 - 111
<0.67
7.74**
65.6 - 778
<172,000 • 191,000
ND
9,960 - 38,700
5,690 - 11,800
604,000 - 804,000
NA
NA
254,900 - 407,400
8,960
3,060
16
<0.10
8.9
16
4.7
1.6
<0.1
<1.1
9.1
- 18,800
- 8,320
- 52
- 0.20
- 26
- 22
- 6.6
- 25.9
- 3.5
- 13
- 17
<0.7
<1.0
<0.40
3.1
3.21
4.
4,250
- 2.1
- 0.58
- 8.7
- 5.06
35"
- 8,150
ND
220
336
37
333,000
163,100
- 870
- 7,080
- 338
- 395,000
NA
NA
- 216,500
a - Obtained from Ons ite Engineering Report, John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for IC101 and K102. Tables 5-3 through 5-6 and 5-3 through 5-8, respectively.
* - This constituent is not on the list of constituents in the GENERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT
PLAN FOR LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS PROGRAM ("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011 , March 1987. It is a
groundwater monitoring constituent as listed in Appendix IX, 40 CFR Part 264, 51 FR 26639,
July 24, 1986.
** - This constituent was analyzed in only one sample set.
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
2-9
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3. APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The purpose of this section is to describe applicable treatment
technologies for treatment of K101 and K102 wastes that the Agency has
identified as applicable and to describe which of the applicable
technologies the Agency has determined to be demonstrated. Included in
this section are discussions of those applicable treatment technologies
that have been demonstrated on a commercial basis. The technologies that
were considered to be applicable are those which treat organic compounds
by concentration reduction.
The previous section described the industry that will be affected by
restrictions on the K102 waste and presented a characterization of this
waste. Characterization of the K102 waste indicates that this waste
primarily consists of spent activated carbon (greater than 97 percent),
BOAT list organics (less than 1 percent), and BOAT list metals (less than
2 percent). Analysis of K101 waste indicates that this waste primarily
consists of 2-nitroanil ine (less than 20 percent), a clay-like tar
(greater than 78 percent), BOAT list organics (less than 1 percent), and
BOAT list metals (less than 1 percent). The Agency has identified these
treatment technologies that may be applicable to K101 and K102 because
the technologies are designed to reduce the concentration of organic
compounds present in the untreated waste. The selection of the treatment
technologies applicable for treating organic compounds in K101 and K102
wastes is based on information obtained from engineering site visits and
available literature sources.
3-1
-------
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
For K101 and K102 nonwastewater, the Agency has identified the
following treatment technologies as being applicable: rotary kiln
incineration (which thermally destroys organic components in the waste)
followed by metals stabilization of the resulting kiln ash (which reduces
Teachability of metal components by binding the metals to the solid
matrix).
For K101 and K102 wastewaters, namely, the scrubber waters generated
from treatment by rotary kiln incineration, the Agency has identified the
following treatment technology as being applicable: chemical
precipitation (which removes dissolved metals by addition of a treatment
chemical to form a metal precipitate).
Chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters generates a residual.
The precipitated metals represent an inorganic form of the nonwastewaters,
The kiln ash is also an inorganic form of K101 and K102 nonwastewaters
and the applicable treatment technology is metals stabilization.
Therefore, the applicable technology for chemical precipitated residuals
from scrubber waters is metals stabilization.
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters
The current treatment practices for both wastes K101 and K102 in the
veterinary pharmaceutical industry are (1) incineration followed by land
disposal or (2) stabilization followed by land disposal. The Agency,
therefore, believes that incineration and stabilization are applicable
3-2
-------
for treating K101 and K102 wastes. However, the Agency does not believe
that either incineration or stabilization alone is the best treatment for
K101 and K102 wastes.
The Agency believes that rotary kiln incineration of organic
nonwastewaters and metals stabilization of inorganic nonwastewaters are
demonstrated for K101 and K102 because these technologies have been used
on a commercial basis to treat wastes with characteristics affecting
treatment performance that are similar to those of K101 and K102. While
the Agency has performance data for incineration treatment for K101 and
K102 organic nonwastewaters, it did not collect performance data for
metals stabilization of the inorganic K101 and K102 nonwastewaters.
3.2.2 Wastewaters
Chemical precipitation has not been demonstrated for K101 and K102
wastewaters. Chemical precipitation has been demonstrated in wastewaters
similar to those from K101 and K102 with regard to parameters affecting
treatment selection. Therefore, the Agency has determined that chemical
precipitation of wastewaters is demonstrated. However, the Agency did
not collect performance data for chemical precipitation of K101 and K102
wastewaters.
3.3 Detailed Description of Treatment Technologies
More detailed discussions of the treatment technologies for which the
Agency has collected performance data are presented in Sections 3.3.1,
3.3.2, and 3.3.3.
3-3
-------
3.3.1 Incineration
This section addresses the commonly used incineration technologies:
liquid injection, rotary kiln, fluidized bed incineration, and fixed
hearth. A discussion is provided regarding the applicability of these
technologies, the underlying principles of operation, a technology
description, waste characteristics that affect performance, and, finally,
important design and operating parameters. The subsections are divided
by type of incineration unit, as appropriate.
(1) Applicability and Use of Incineration.
(a) Liquid injection. Liquid injection is applicable
to wastes that have viscosity values low enough that the waste can be
atomized in the combustion chamber. A range of literature maximum
viscosity values is reported, with the low being 100 SSU and the high
being 10,000 SSU. It is important to note that viscosity is
temperature-dependent, so that while liquid injection may not be
applicable to a waste at ambient conditions, it may be applicable when
the waste is heated. Other factors that affect the use of liquid
injection are particle size and the presence of suspended solids. Both
of these waste parameters can cause plugging of the burner nozzle.
(b) Rotary kiln/fluidized bed/fixed hearth. These
incineration technologies are applicable to a wide range of hazardous
wastes. They can be used on wastes that contain high or low total
organic content, high or low filterable solids, various viscosity ranges,
and a range of other waste parameters. EPA has not found these
3-4
-------
technologies to be demonstrated on wastes that are comprised essentially
of metals with low organic concentrations. In addition, the Agency
expects that some of the high metal content wastes may not be compatible
with existing and future air emission limits without emission controls
far more extensive than are currently practiced.
(2) Underlying Principles of Operation.
(a) Liquid injection. The basic operating principle of
this incineration technology is that incoming liquid wastes are
volatilized, then additional heat is supplied to the waste to destabilize
the chemical bonds. Once the chemical bonds are broken, these
constituents react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor.
The energy needed to destabilize the bonds is referred to as the energy
of activation.
(b) Rotary kiln and fixed hearth. There are two distinct
principles of operation for these incineration technologies, one for each
of the chambers involved. In the primary chamber, energy, in the form of
heat, is transferred to the waste to achieve volatilization of the
various organic waste constituents. During this volatilization process
some of the organic constituents will oxidize to carbon dioxin and
water vapor. In the secondary chamber, additional heat is supplied to
overcome the energy requirements needed to destabilize the chemical bonds
and allow the constituents to react with excess oxygen to form carbon
dioxide and water vapor. The principle of operation for the secondary
chamber is similar to that for liquid injection.
3-5
-------
(c) Fluidized bed. The principle of operation for this
incinerator technology differs somewhat from that for rotary kiln and
fixed hearth incineration relative to the functions of the primary and
secondary chambers. In fluidized bed incineration, the primary chamber
not only volatilizes the waste but also essentially combusts it.
Destruction of the waste organics can be better accomplished in the
primary chamber of this technology than in the primary chambers of the
rotary kiln and fixed hearth technologies because (1) fluidization of the
waste using forced air improves heat transfer and (2) fluidization
provides sufficient oxygen and turbulence to convert the organics to
carbon dioxide and water vapor. The secondary chamber (referred to as
the freeboard) generally does not have an afterburner; however,
additional time is provided to convert the organic constituents to carbon
dioxide, water vapor, and hydrochloric acid if chlorine is present in the
waste.
(3) Description of incineration technologies.
(a) Liquid injection. The liquid injection system is capable
of incinerating a wide range of gases and liquids. The combustion system
has a simple design with virtually no moving parts. A burner or nozzle
atomizes the liquid waste and injects it into the combustion chamber
where it burns in the presence of air or oxygen. A forced draft system
supplies the combustion chamber with air to provide oxygen for combustion
and turbulence for mixing. The combustion chamber is usually a cylinder
li.ned with refractory (i.e., heat resistant) brick and can be fired
3-6
-------
horizontally, vertically upward, or vertically downward. Figure 3-1
illustrates a liquid injection incineration system.
(b) Rotary kiln. A rotary kiln is a slowly rotating,
refractory-lined cylinder that is mounted at a slight incline from the
horizontal (see Figure 3-2). Solid wastes enter at the high end of the
kiln, and liquid or gaseous wastes enter through atomizing nozzles in the
kiln or afterburner section. Rotation of the kiln exposes the solids to
the heat, vaporizes them, and allows them to combust by mixing with air.
The rotation also causes the ash to move to the lower end of the kiln
where it can be removed. Rotary kiln systems usually have a secondary
combustion chamber or afterburner following the kiln for further
combustion of the volatilized components of solid wastes.
(c) Fluidized bed. A fluidized bed incinerator consists of a
column containing inert particles such as sand, which is referred to as
the bed. Air, driven by a blower, enters the bottom of the bed to
fluidize the sand. Air passage through the bed promotes rapid and
uniform mixing of the injected waste material within the fluidized bed.
The fluidized bed has an extremely high heat capacity (approximately
three times that of flue gas at the same temperature), thereby providing
a large heat reservoir. The injected waste reaches ignition temperature
quickly and transfers the heat of combustion back to the bed. Continued
bed agitation by the fluidizing air allows larger particles to remain
suspended in the combustion zone. (See Figure 3-3.)
3-7
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WATER
AUXILIARY-
FUEL
CO
CO
LIQUID OR
GASEOUS-
WASTE
INJECTION
^
A
BURNER
R +~
BURNER
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
,
AFTERBURNER
(SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER)
ASH
i
UH
SPRAY
CHAMBER
WATER
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
HORIZONTALLY FIRED
LIQUID INJECTION
INCINERATOR
FIGURE 3-1
LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATOR
-------
GAS TO
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
AUXILIARY
FUEL
SOLID WASTE
INFLUENT
FEED
MECHANISM
COMBUSTION
GASES
LIQUID OR
GASEOUS
WASTE INJECTION
ASH
FIGURE 3-2 ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
3-9
-------
FREEBOARD
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
WASTE
INJECTION
MAKE-UP
SAND
ASH
FIGURE 3-3
FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR
3-10
-------
(d) Fixed hearth incineration. Fixed hearth incinerators, also
called controlled air or starved air incinerators, are another major
technology used for hazardous waste incineration. Fixed hearth
incineration is a two-stage combustion process. (See Figure 3-4.) Waste
is ram-fed into the first stage, or primary chamber, then burned at less
than stoichiometric conditions. The resultant smoke and pyrolysis
products, consisting primarily of volatile hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide, along with the normal products of combustion, pass to the
secondary chamber. Here, additional air is injected to complete the
combustion. This two-stage process generally yields low stack
particulate and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The primary chamber
combustion reactions and combustion gas are maintained at low levels by
the starved air conditions so that particulate entrainment and carryover
are minimized.
(e) Air pollution controls. Following incineration of
hazardous wastes, combustion gases are generally further treated in an
air pollution control system. The presence of chlorine or other halogens
in the waste requires a scrubbing or absorption step to remover hydrogen
chloride and other halo-acids from the combustion gases. Ash in the
waste is not destroyed in the combustion process. Depending on its
composition, ash will either exit as bottom ash, at the discharge end of
a kiln or hearth for example, or as particulate matter (fly ash)
suspended in the combustion gas stream. Particulate emissions from most
hazardous waste combustion systems generally have particle diameters of
less than 1 micron and require high efficiency collection devices to
3-11
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AIR
AIR
CO
I
WASTE _
INJECTION
BURNER
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
GRATE
SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
I
AUXILIARY
FUEL
2 - STAGE FIXED HEARTH
INCINERATOR
ASH
FIGURE 3-4 FIXED HEARTH INCINERATOR
-------
minimize air emissions. In addition, scrubber systems provide an
additional buffer against accidental releases of incompletely destroyed
waste products caused by poor combustion efficiency or combustion upsets,
such as flameouts.
(4) Waste characteristics affecting performance.
(a) Liquid injection. In determining whether liquid injection
is likely to achieve the same level of performance on an untested waste
as on a previously tested waste, the Agency will compare dissociation
bond energies of the constituents in the untested and tested waste. This
parameter is being used as a surrogate indicator of activation energy
which, as discussed previously, destabilizes molecular bonds. In theory,
the bond dissociation energy would be equal to the activation energy; in
practice, however, this is not always the case. Other energy effects
(e.g., vibrational, the formation of intermediates, and interactions
between different molecular bonds) may have a significant influence on
activation energy.
Because of the shortcomings of bond energies in estimating activation
energy, EPA analyzed other waste characteristic parameters to determine
whether these parameters would provide a better basis for transferring
treatment standards from an untested waste to a tested waste. These
parameters include heat of combustion, heat of formation, use of
available kinetic data to predict activation energies, and general
structural class. All of these parameters were rejected for the reasons
provided below.
3-13
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The heat of combustion measures only the difference in energy of the
products and reactants; it does not provide information on the transition
state (i.e., the energy input needed to initiate the reaction). Heat of
formation is used as a predictive tool for determining whether reactions
are likely to proceed; however, there are a significant number of
hazardous constituents for which these data are not available. Use of
kinetic data was rejected because these data are limited and could not be
used to calculate free energy values (AG) for the wide range of
hazardous constituents to be addressed by this rule. Finally, EPA
decided not to use structural classes because the Agency believes that
evaluation of bond dissociation energies allows for a more direct
determination of whether a constituent will be destabilized.
(b) Rotary kiln/fluidized bed/fixed hearth. Unlike liquid
injection, these incineration technologies also generate a residual ash.
Accordingly, in determining whether these technologies are likely to
achieve the same level of performance on an untested waste as on a
previously tested waste, EPA would need to examine the waste
characteristics that affect volatilization of organics from the waste, as
well as destruction of the organics once volatilized. Relative to
volatilization, EPA will examine thermal conductivity of the entire waste
and boiling point of the various constituents. As with liquid injection,
EPA will examine bond energies in determining whether treatment standards
for scrubber water residuals can be transferred from a tested waste to an
untested waste. Below is a discussion of how EPA arrived at thermal
3-14
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conductivity and boiling point as the best method to assess
volatilization of organics from the waste; the discussion relative to
bond energies is the same for these technologies as for liquid injection
and will not be repeated here.
(i) Thermal conductivity. Consistent with the underlying
principles of incineration, a major factor with regard to whether a
particular constituent will volatilize is the transfer of heat through
the waste. In the case of rotary kiln, fluidized bed, and fixed hearth
incineration, heat is transferred through the waste by three mechanisms:
radiation, convection, and conduction. For a given incinerator, heat
transferred through various wastes by radiation is more a function of the
design and type of incinerator than of the waste being treated.
Accordingly, the type of waste treated will have a minimal impact on the
amount of heat transferred by radiation. With regard to convection, EPA
also believes that the type of heat transfer will generally be more a
function of the type and design of the incinerator than of the waste
itself. However, EPA is examining particle size as a waste
characteristic that may significantly impact the amount of heat
transferred to a waste by convection and thus impact volatilization of
the various organic compounds. The final type of heat transfer,
conduction, is the one that EPA believes will have the greatest impact on
volatilization of organic constituents. To measure this characteristic,
EPA will use thermal conductivity; an explanation of this parameter, as
well as how it can be measured, is provided below.
3-15
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Heat flow by conduction is proportional to the temperature gradient
across the material. The proportionality constant is a property of the
material and is referred to as thermal conductivity. (Note: The
analytical method that EPA has identified for measurement of thermal
conductivity is named "Guarded, Comparative, Longitudinal Heat Flow
Technique"; it is described in Appendix E.) In theory, thermal
conductivity would always provide a good indication of whether a
constituent in an untested waste would be treated to the same extent in
the primary incinerator chamber as the same constituent in a previously
tested waste.
In practice, thermal conductivity has some limitations in assessing
the transferability of treatment standards; however, EPA has not
identified a parameter that can provide a better indication of the heat
transfer characteristics of a waste. Below is a discussion of both the
limitations associated with thermal conductivity and the other parameters
considered.
Thermal conductivity measurements, as part of a treatability
comparison for two different wastes through a single incinerator, are
most meaningful when applied to wastes that are homogeneous (i.e., major
constituents are essentially the same). As wastes exhibit greater
degrees of nonhomogeneity (e.g., significant concentration of metals in
soil), then thermal conductivity becomes less accurate in predicting
treatability because the measurement essentially reflects heat flow
through regions having the greatest conductivity (i.e., the path of least
resistance), not heat flow through all parts of the waste.
3-16
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The thermal conductivities for the listed wastes, K101 and K102, were
determined by the "Guarded, Comparative, Longitudinal Heat Flow
Technique." This method and the results for K101 and K102 are discussed
in Appendix E. The thermal conductivities for K101 and K102 were
determined to be 0.273 W/mK and 0.136 W/mK, respectively.
Btu value, specific heat, and ash content were also considered for
predicting heat transfer characteristics. These parameters can no better
account for nonhomogeneity than can thermal conductivity; additionally,
they are not directly related to heat transfer characteristics.
Therefore, these parameters do not provide a better indication of heat
transfer that will occur in any specific waste.
(ii) Boiling point. Once heat is transferred to a constituent
within a waste, then removal of this constituent from the waste will
depend on its volatility. As a surrogate of volatility, EPA is using
boiling point of the constituent. Compounds with lower boiling points
have higher vapor pressures and therefore would be more likely to
vaporize. The Agency recognizes that this parameter does not take into
consideration the impact of other compounds in the waste on the boiling
point of a constituent in a mixture; however, the Agency is not aware of
a better measure of volatility that can be easily determined. The
boiling points for 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol are 284°C and
216°C, respectively.
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(5) Design and Operating Parameters.
(a) Liquid injection. For a liquid injection unit,
EPA's analysis of whether the unit is well-designed will focus on (1) the
likelihood that sufficient energy is provided to the waste to overcome
the activation level for breaking molecular bonds, and (2) whether
sufficient oxygen is present to convert the waste constituents to carbon
dioxide and water vapor. The specific design parameters that the Agency
will evaluate to assess whether these conditions are met are temperature,
excess oxygen, and residence time. Below is a discussion of why EPA
believes these parameters to be important, as well as a discussion of how
these parameters will be monitored during operation.
It is important to point out that relative to the development of land
disposed restriction standards, EPA is only concerned with these design
parameters when a quench water or scrubber water residual is generated
from treatment of a particular waste. If treatment of a particular waste
in a liquid injection unit would not generate a wastewater stream, then
the Agency, for purposes of land disposal treatment standards, would
only be concerned with the waste characteristics that affect selection of
the unit, not the above-mentioned design parameters.
(i) Temperature. Temperature is important because it
provides an indirect measure of the energy available (i.e., Btus/hr) to
overcome the activation energy of waste constituents. As the design
temperature increases, the more likely it is that the molecular bonds
will be destabilized and the reaction completed.
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The temperature is normally controlled automatically through the use
of instrumentation that senses the temperature and automatically adjusts
the amount of fuel and/or waste being fed. The temperature signal
transmitted to the controller can be simultaneously transmitted to a
recording device, referred to as a strip chart, and thereby can be
continuously recorded. To fully assess the operation of the unit, it is
important to know not only the exact location in the incinerator that the
temperature is being monitored but also the location of the design
temperature.
(ii) Excess oxygen. It is important that the
incinerator contain oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric amount
necessary to convert the organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water
vapor. If insufficient oxygen is present, then destabilized waste
constituents could recombine to the same or other BOAT list organic
compounds and potentially cause the scrubber water to contain higher
concentrations of BOAT list constituents than would be the case for a
well-operated unit.
In practice, the amount of oxygen fed to the incinerator is
controlled by continuous sampling and analysis of the stack gas. If the
amount of oxygen drops below the design value, then the analyzer
transmits a signal to the valve controlling the air supply and thereby
increases the flow of oxygen to the afterburner. The analyzer
simultaneously transmits a signal to a recording device so that the
amount of excess oxygen can be continuously recorded. Again, as with
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temperature, it is important to know the location from which the
combustion gas is being sampled.
(iii) Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is an important
operating parameter because it provides an indication of the extent to
which the waste organic constituents are being converted to carbon
dioxide and water vapor. As the carbon monoxide level increases, it
indicates that larger amounts of organic waste constituents are unreacted
or partially reacted. Increased carbon monoxide levels can result from
insufficient excess oxygen, insufficient turbulence in the combustion
zone, or insufficient residence time.
(iv) Waste feed rate. The waste feed rate is important to
monitor because it is correlated to the residence time. The residence
time is associated with a specific Btu energy value of the feed and a
specific volume of combustion gas generated. Prior to incineration, the
Btu value of the waste is determined through the use of a laboratory
device known as a bomb calorimeter. The volume of combustion gas
generated from the waste to be incinerated is determined from an analysis
referred to as an ultimate analysis. This analysis determines the amount
of elemental constituents present; these constituents include carbon,
hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens. Using this analysis
plus the total amount of air added, the volume of combustion gas can be
calculated. Having determined both the Btu content and the expected
combustion gas volume, the feed rate can be fixed at the desired
residence time. Continuous monitoring of the feed rate will determine
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whether the unit was operated at a rate corresponding to the designed
residence time.
(b) Rotary kiln. For this incineration, EPA will examine both
the primary and secondary chamber in evaluating the design of a
particular incinerator. Relative to the primary chamber, EPA's
assessment of design will focus on whether sufficient energy is likely to
be provided to the waste in order to volatilize the waste constituents.
For the secondary chamber, analogous to the sole liquid injection
incineration chamber, EPA will examine the same parameters discussed
under liquid injection incineration. These parameters will not be
discussed again here.
The particular design parameters to be evaluated for the primary
chamber are kiln temperature, residence time, and revolutions per
minute. Below is a discussion of why EPA believes these parameters to be
important, as well as a discussion of how these parameters will be
monitored during operation.
(i) Temperature. The primary chamber temperature is
important since it provides an indirect measure of the energy input
(i.e., Btu/hr) that is available for heating the waste. The higher the
temperature is designed to be in a given kiln, the more likely it is that
the constituents will volatilize. As discussed earlier under "Liquid
Injection," temperature should be continuously monitored and recorded.
Additionally, it is important to know the location of the temperature
sensing device in.the kiln.
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(ii) Residence time. This parameter affects whether
sufficient heat is transferred to a particular constituent in order for
volatilization to occur. As the time that the waste in the kiln is
increased, a greater quantity of heat is transferred to the hazardous
waste constituents. The residence time will be a function of the
specific configuration of the rotary kiln, including the length and
diameter of the kiln, the waste feed rate, and the rate of rotation.
(iii) Revolutions per minute (RPH). This parameter
provides an indication of the turbulence that occurs in the primary
chamber of a rotary kiln. As the turbulence increases, the quantity of
heat transferred to the waste would also be expected to increase.
However, as the RPM value increases, the residence time decreases,
resulting in a reduction of the quantity of heat transferred to the
waste. This parameter needs to be carefully evaluated because it
provides a balance between turbulence and residence time.
(c) Fluidized bed. As discussed in the section on "Underlying
Principles of Operation," the primary chamber accounts for almost all of
the conversion of organic wastes to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and acid
gas if halogens are present. The secondary chamber will generally
provide additional residence time for thermal oxidation of the waste
constituents. Relative to the primary chamber, the parameters that the
Agency will examine in assessing the effectiveness of the design are
temperature, residence time, and bed pressure differential. The first
two were discussed under rotary kiln and will not be discussed here. The
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third parameter, bed pressure differential, is important because it
provides an indication of the amount of turbulence and, therefore,
indirectly the amount of heat supplied to the waste. In general, as the
pressure drop increases, both the turbulence and heat supplied increase.
The pressure drop through the bed should be monitored continuously and
recorded to ensure that the designed valued is achieved.
(d) Fixed hearth. The design considerations for this
incineration unit are similar to those for a rotary kiln, except that
rate of rotation (i.e., RPM) is not an applicable design parameter. For
the primary chamber of this unit, the parameters that the Agency will
examine in assessing how well the unit is designed are the same as those
discussed under rotary kiln; for the secondary chamber (i.e., after-
burner), the design and operating parameters of concern are the same as
those discussed under "Liquid Injection."
3.3.2 Stabilization of Metals
Stabilization refers to a broad class of treatment processes that
chemically reduce the mobility of hazardous constituents in a waste.
Solidification and fixation are other terms that are sometimes used
synonymously for stabilization or to describe specific variations within
the broader class of stabilization. Related technologies are
encapsulation and thermoplastic binding; however, EPA considers these
technologies to be distinct from stabilization since their operational
principles differ significantly.
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(1) Applicability and use of stabilization. Stabilization
is used when a waste contains metals that will leach from the waste when
it is contacted by water. In general, this technology is applicable to
wastes that contain BOAT list metals and have a high filterable solids
content, low TOC content, and low oil and grease content. This
technology is commonly used to treat residuals generated from treatment
of electroplating wastewaters. For some wastes, an alternative to
stabilization is metal recovery.
(2) Underlying principles of operation. The basic
principle underlying this technology is that stabilizing agents and other
chemicals are added to a waste to minimize the amount of metal that
leaches. The reduced Teachability is accomplished by the formation of a
lattice structure and/or chemical bonds that bind the metals to the solid
matrix and thereby limit the amount of metal constituents that can be
leached when water or a mild acid solution comes into contact with the
waste material.
The two principal stabilization processes used are cement- based and
lime-based processes. A brief discussion of each is provided below. In
both cement-based or 1ime/pozzolan-based techniques, the stabilizing
process can be modified through the use of additives, such as silicates,
that control curing rates or enhance the properties of the solid material,
(a) Portland cement-based process. Portland cement is a
mixture of powdered oxides of calcium, silica, aluminum, and iron,
produced by kiln burning of materials rich in calcium and silica at high
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temperatures (i.e., 1400 to 1500°C). When the anhydrous cement
powder is mixed with water, hydration occurs and the cement begins to
set. The chemistry involved is complex because many different reactions
occur depending on the composition of the cement mixture.
As the cement begins to set, a colloidal gel of indefinite
composition and structure is formed. Over time, the gel swells and forms
a matrix composed of interlacing, thin, densely packed silicate fibrils.
Constituents present in the waste slurry (e.g., hydroxides and carbonates
of various heavy metals) are incorporated into the interstices of the
cement matrix. The high pH of the cement mixture tends to keep metals in
the form of insoluble hydroxide and carbonate salts. It has been
hypothesized that metal ions may also be incorporated into the crystal
structure of the cement matrix, but this hypothesis has not been verified,
(b) Lime/pozzolan-based process. Pozzolan, which contains
finely divided, noncrystalline silica (e.g., fly ash or components of
cement kiln dust), is a material that is not cementitious in itself, but
becomes so upon the addition of lime. Metals in the waste are converted
to silicates or hydroxides, which inhibit leaching. Additives, again,
can be used to reduce permeability and thereby further decrease leaching
potential.
(3) Description of stabilization processes. In most stabilization
processes, the waste, stabilizing agent, and other additives, if used,
are mixed and then pumped to a curing vessel or area and allowed to
cure. The actual operation (equipment requirements and process
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sequencing) will depend on several factors such as the nature of the
waste, the quantity of the waste, the location of the waste in relation
to the disposal site, the particular stabilization formulation to be
used, and the curing rate. After curing, the solid formed is recovered
from the processing equipment and shipped for final disposal.
In instances where waste contained in a lagoon is to be treated, the
material should be first transferred to mixing vessels where stabilizing
agents are added. The mixed material is then fed to a curing pad or
vessel. After curing, the solid formed is removed for disposal.
Equipment commonly used also includes facilities to store waste and
chemical additives. Pumps can be used to transfer liquid or light sludge
wastes to the mixing pits and pumpable uncured wastes to the curing
site. Stabilized wastes are then removed to a final disposal site.
Commercial concrete mixing and handling equipment generally can be
used with wastes. Weighing conveyors, metering cement hoppers, and
mixers similar to concrete batching plants have been adapted in some
operations. Where extremely dangerous materials are being treated,
remote-control and in-drum mixing equipment, such as that used with
nuclear waste, can be employed.
(4) Waste characteristics affecting performance. In determining
whether stabilization is likely to achieve the same level of performance
on an untested waste as on a previously tested waste, the Agency will
focus on the characteristics that inhibit the formation of either the
chemical bonds or the lattice structure. The four characteristics EPA
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has identified as affecting treatment performance are the presence of
(1) fine participates, (2) oil and grease, (3) organic compounds, and
(4) certain inorganic compounds.
(a) Fine particulates. For both cement-based and
lime/pozzolan-based processes, the literature states that very fine solid
materials (i.e., those that pass through a No. 200 mesh sieve, 74 urn
particle size) can weaken the bonding between waste particles and cement
by coating the particles. This coating can inhibit chemical bond
formation and can decrease the resistance of the material to leaching.
(b) Oil and grease. The presence of oil and grease in both
cement-based and lime/pozzolan-based systems results in the coating of
waste particles and the weakening of the bonding between the particle and
the stabilizing agent. This coating can inhibit chemical bond formation
and thereby decrease the resistance of the material to leaching.
(c) Organic compounds. The presence of organic compounds in
the waste interferes with the chemical reactions and bond formation that
inhibit curing of the stabilized material. This results in a stabilized
waste that has decreased resistance to leaching. The total organic
carbon content for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters is 267 to 2,130 mg/kg for
K101 and 24,200 to 422,000 mg/kg for K102.
(d) Sulfate and chlorides. The presence of certain
inorganic compounds will interfere with the chemical reactions, weakening
bond strength and prolonging setting and curing time. Sulfate and
chloride compounds may reduce the dimensional stability of the cured
matrix, thereby increasing Teachability potential.
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Accordingly, EPA will examine these constituents when making
decisions regarding transfer of treatment standards based on
stabilization. The amounts of sulfate in K101 and K102 nonwastewaters
are 148 to 193 mg/kg and 12 to 55.9 mg/kg, respectively. Chlorides are
present at 8.7 to 11.1 mg/kg in K101 and 71.5 to 103 mg/kg in K102.
(5) Design and operating parameters. In designing a stabilization
system, the principal parameters that are important to optimize so that
the amount of Teachable metal constituents is minimized are (1) selection
of stabilizing agents and other proprietary additives, (2) ratio of waste
to stabilizing agents and other additives, (3) degree of mixing, and (4)
curing conditions.
(a) Selection of stabilizing agents and other additives. The
stabilizing agent and additives used will determine the chemistry and
structure of the stabilized material and therefore will affect the
Teachability of the solid material. Stabilizing agents and additives
must be carefully selected based on the chemical and physical
characteristics of the waste to be stabilized. For example, the amount
of sulfates in a waste must be considered when a choice is being made
between a lime/pozzolan and a Portland cement-based system.
To select the type of stabilizing agents and additives, the waste
should be tested in the laboratory with a variety of materials to
determine the best combination.
(b) Amount of stabilizing agents and additives. The amount of
stabilizing agents and additives is a critical parameter in that
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sufficient stabilizing materials are necessary in the mixture to bind the
waste constituents of concern properly, thereby making them less
susceptible to leaching. The appropriate weight ratios of waste to
stabilizing agent and other additives are established empirically by
setting up a series of laboratory tests that allow separate leachate
testing of different mix ratios. The ratio of water to stabilizing agent
(including water in waste) will also impact the strength and leaching
characteristics of the stabilized material. Too much water will cause
low strength; too little will make mixing difficult and, more important,
may not allow the chemical reactions that bind the hazardous constituents
to be fully completed.
(c) Mixing. The conditions of mixing include the type and
duration of mixing. Mixing is necessary to ensure homogeneous
distribution of the waste and the stabilizing agents. Both undermixing
and overmixing are undesirable. The first condition results in a
nonhomogeneous mixture; therefore, areas will exist within the waste
where waste particles are neither chemically bonded to the stabilizing
agent nor physically held within the lattice structure. Overmixing, on
the other hand, may inhibit gel formation and ion adsorption in some
stabilization systems. As with the relative amounts of waste,
stabilizing agent, and additives within the system, optimal mixing
conditions generally are determined through laboratory tests. During
treatment it is important to monitor the degree (i.e., type and duration)
of mixing to ensure that it reflects design conditions.
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(d) Curing conditions. The curing conditions include the
duration of curing and the ambient curing conditions (temperature and
humidity). The duration of curing is a critical parameter to ensure that
the waste particles have had sufficient time in which to form stable
chemical bonds and/or lattice structures. The time necessary for
complete stabilization depends upon the waste type and the stabilization
used. The performance of the stabilized waste (i.e., the levels of
constituents in the leachate) will be highly dependent upon whether
complete stabilization has occurred. Higher temperatures and lower
humidity increase the rate of curing by increasing the rate of
evaporation of water from the solidification mixtures. However, if
temperatures are too high, the evaporation rate can be excessive and
result in too little water being available for completion of the
stabilization reaction. The duration of the curing process should also
be determined during the design stage and typically will be between 7 and
28 days.
3.3.3 Chemical Precipitation
(1) Applicability and use of chemical precipitation.
Chemical precipitation is used when dissolved metals are to be removed
from solution. This technology can be applied to a wide range of
wastewaters containing dissolved BOAT list metals and other metals as
well. This treatment process has been practiced widely by industrial
facilities since the 1940s.
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(2) Underlying principles of operation. The underlying
principle of chemical precipitation is that metals in wastewater are
removed by the addition of a treatment chemical that converts the
dissolved metal to a metal precipitate. This precipitate is less soluble
than the original metal compound and therefore settles out of solution,
leaving a lower concentration of the metal present in the solution. The
principal chemicals used to convert soluble metal compounds to the less
soluble forms include lime (Ca(OH) ), caustic (NaOH), sodium sulfide
(Na S), and, to a lesser extent, soda ash (Na CO ), phosphate, and
ferrous sulfide (FeS).
The solubility of a particular compound will depend on the extent to
which the electrostatic forces holding the ions of the compound together
can be overcome. The solubility will change significantly with
temperature; most metal compounds are more soluble as the temperature
increases. Additionally, the solubility will be affected by the other
constituents present in a waste. As a general rule, nitrates, chlorides,
and sulfates are more soluble than hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, and
phosphates.
An important concept related to treatment of the soluble metal
compounds is pH. This term provides a measure of the extent to which a
solution contains either an excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions. The pH
scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 14 representing
the highest alkalinity or hydroxide ion (OH ) content, and 7.0 being
neutral.
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When hydroxide is used, as is often the case, to precipitate the
soluble metal compounds, the pH is frequently monitored to ensure that
sufficient treatment chemicals are added. It is important to point out
that pH is not a good measure of treatment chemical addition for
i
compounds other than hydroxides. When sulfide is used, for example,
facilities might use an oxidation-reduction potential meter (ORP)
correlation to ensure that sufficient treatment chemical is used.
Following conversion of the relatively soluble metal compounds to
metal precipitates, the effectiveness of chemical precipitation is a
function of the physical removal, which usually relies on a settling
process. A particle of a specific size, shape, and composition will
settle at a specific velocity, as described by Stokes' Law. For a batch
system, Stokes' Law is a good predictor of settling time because the
pertinent particle parameters essentially remain constant. Nevertheless,
in practice, settling time for a batch system is normally determined by
empirical testing. For a continuous system, the theory of settling is
complicated by factors such as turbulence, short-circuiting, and velocity
gradients, increasing the importance of the empirical tests.
(3) Description of chemical precipitation. The equipment
and instrumentation required for chemical precipitation varies depending
on whether the system is batch or continuous. Both operations are
discussed below; a schematic of the continuous system is shown in
Figure 3-5.
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WASTEWATER
FEED
TREATMENT
CHEMICAL
FEED
SYSTEM
EQUALIZATION
TANK
COAGULANT OR
FLOCCULANT FEED SYSTEM
PUMP
00
CO
ELECTRICAL CONTROLS
WASTEWATER FLOW
MIXER
EFFLUENT TO
DISCHARGE OR
SUBSEQUENT
TREATMENT
SLUDGE TO
DEWATERING
FIGURE 3-5 CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
-------
For a batch system, chemical precipitation requires only a feed
system for the treatment chemicals and a second tank where
the waste can be treated and allowed to settle. When lime is used, it is
usually added to the reaction tank in a slurry form. In a batch system,
the supernate is generally analyzed before discharge, thereby minimizing
the need for instrumentation.
In a continuous system, additional tanks are necessary, along with
the instrumentation to ensure that the system is operating properly. In
this system, the first tank that the wastewater enters is referred to as
an equalization tank. This is where the waste is mixed to provide more
uniformity, thus minimizing wide swings in the type and concentration of
constituents being sent to the reaction tank. It is important to reduce
the variability of the waste sent to the reaction tank because control
systems inherently are limited with regard to the maximum fluctuations
that can be managed.
Following equalization, the waste is pumped to a reaction tank where
treatment chemicals are added; this is done automatically by using
instrumentation that senses the pH of the system and then pneumatically
adjusts the position of the treatment chemical feed valve so that the
design pH value is achieved. Both the complexity and the effectiveness
of the automatic control system will vary depending on the variation in
the waste and the pH range that is needed to properly treat the waste.
An important aspect of the reaction tank design is that it be
well-mixed so that the waste and the treatment chemicals are both
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dispersed throughout the tank to ensure commingling of the reactant and
the treatment chemicals. In addition, effective dispersion of the
treatment chemicals throughout the tank is necessary to properly monitor
and thereby control the amount of treatment chemicals added.
After the waste is reacted with the treatment chemical, it flows to a
quiescent tank where the precipitate is allowed to settle and to be
subsequently removed. Settling can be chemically assisted through the
use of flocculating compounds. Flocculants increase the particle size
and density of the precipitated solids, both of which increase the rate
of settling. The particular flocculating agent that will best improve
settling characteristics will vary depending on the particular waste;
selection of the flocculating agent is generally accomplished by
performing laboratory bench tests. Settling can be conducted in a large
tank by relying solely on gravity or it can be mechanically assisted
through the use of a circular clarifier or an inclined separator.
Schematics of the latter two separators are shown in Figures 3-6 and 3-7.
Filtration can be used for further removal of precipitated residuals
both in cases where the settling system is underdesigned and in cases
where the particles are difficult to settle. Polishing filtration is
discussed in a separate technology section.
(4) Waste characteristics affecting performance. In determining
whether chemical precipitation is likely to achieve the same level of
performance on an untested waste as on a previously tested waste, we will
examine the following waste characteristics: (1) the concentration and
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SLUDGE
INFLUENT
CENTER FEED CLARIFIER WITH SCRAPER SLUDGE REMOVAL SYSTEM
INFLUENT
EFFLUENT
SLUDGE
RIM FEED - CENTER TAKEOFF CLARIFIER WITH
HYDRAULIC SUCTION SLUDGE REMOVAL SYSTEM
INFLUENT
EFFLUENT
SLUDGE
RIM FEED - RIM TAKEOFF CLARIFIER
FIGURE 3-6 CIRCULAR CLARIFIERS
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INFLUENT
EFFLUENT
RGURE 3-7
INCLINED PLATE SETTLER
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type of the metal (s) in the waste, (2) the concentration of total
suspended solids (TSS), (3) the concentration of total dissolved solids
(IDS), (4) whether the metal exists in the wastewater as a complex, and
(5) the oil and grease content. These parameters affect the chemical
reaction of the metal compound, the solubility of the metal precipitate,
or the ability of the precipitated compound to settle.
(a) Concentration and type of metals. For most metals, there
is a specific pH at which the metal hydroxide is least soluble. As a
result, when a waste contains a mixture of many metals, it is not
possible to operate a treatment system at a single pH that is optimal for
the removal of all metals. The extent to which this affects treatment
depends on the particular metals to be removed and their concentrations.
One alternative is to operate multiple precipitations, with intermediate
settling, when the optimum pH occurs at markedly different levels for the
metals present. The individual metals and their concentrations can be
measured using EPA Method 6010.
(b) Concentration and type of total suspended solids (TSS).
Certain suspended solid compounds are difficult to settle because of
either their particle size or their shape. Accordingly, EPA will
evaluate this characteristic in assessing transfer of treatment
performance. Total suspended solids can be measured by EPA Wastewater
Test Method 160.2. The amounts of total suspended solids present in the
K101 and K102 wastewaters are 289 to 1,620 mg/1 and 1,980 to 6,140 mg/1,
respectively.
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(c) Concentration of total dissolved solids (IDS). Available
information shows that total dissolved solids can inhibit settling. The
literature states that poor flocculation is a consequence of high TDS and
shows that higher concentrations of total suspended solids are found in
treated residuals. Poor flocculation can adversely affect the degree to
which precipitated particles are removed. Total dissolved solids can be
measured by EPA Wastewater Test Method 160.1. The amount of total
dissolved solids present in the K101 and K102 wastewaters are 8,460 to
23,600 mg/1 and 1,930 to 2,620 mg/1, respectively.
(d) Complexed metals. Metal complexes consist of a metal ion
surrounded by a group of other inorganic or organic ions or molecules
(often called ligands). In the complexed form, the metals have a greater
solubility and therefore may not be removed as effectively from solution
by chemical precipitation. EPA does not have an analytical method to
determine the amount of complexed metals in the waste. The Agency
believes that the best measure of complexed metals is to analyze for some
common complexing compounds (or complexing agents) generally found in
wastewater for which analytical methods are available. These complexing
agents include ammonia, cyanide, and EDTA. The analytical method for
cyanide is EPA Method 9010. The method for EDTA is ASTM Method D3113.
Ammonia can be analyzed using EPA Wastewater Test Method 350.
(e) Oil and grease content. The oil and grease content of a
particular waste directly inhibits the settling of the precipitate.
Suspended oil droplets float in water and tend to suspend particles such
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as chemical precipitates that would otherwise settle out of the solution.
Even with the use of coagulants or flocculants, the separation of the
precipitate is less effective. Oil and grease content can be measured by
EPA Method 9071.
(5) Design and operating parameters. The parameters that
EPA will evaluate when determining whether a chemical precipitation
system is well designed are: (1) design value for treated metal
concentrations, as well as other characteristics of the waste used for
design purposes (e.g., total suspended solids), (2) pH, (3) residence
time, (4) choice of treatment chemical, (5) choice of coagulant/
flocculant, and (6) mixing. Below is an explanation of why EPA believes
these parameters are important to a design analysis as well as an
explanation of why other design criteria are not included in EPA's
analysis.
(a) Treated and untreated design concentrations. EPA pays
close attention to the treated concentration the system is designed to
achieve when determining whether to sample a particular facility. Since
the system will seldom outperform its design, EPA must evaluate whether
the design is consistent with best demonstrated practice.
The untreated concentrations that the system is designed to treat are
important in evaluating any treatment system. Operation of a chemical
precipitation treatment system with untreated waste concentrations in
excess of design values can easily result in poor performance.
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(b) pH. The pH is important because it can indicate whether
sufficient treatment chemical (e.g., lime) has been added to convert the
metal constituents in the untreated waste to forms that will
precipitate. The pH also affects the solubility of metal hydroxides and
sulfides and therefore directly impacts the effectiveness of removal. In
practice, the design pH is determined by empirical bench testing, often
referred to as "jar" testing. The temperature at which the "jar" testing
is conducted is important in that it also affects the solubility of the
metal precipitates. Operation of a treatment system at temperatures
above the design temperature can result in poor performance. In
assessing the operation of a chemical precipitation system, EPA prefers
continuous data on the pH and periodic temperature conditions throughout
the treatment period.
(c) Residence time. Residence time is important because it
impacts the completeness of the chemical reaction to form the metal
•*
precipitate and, to a greater extent, the amount of precipitate that
settles out of solution. In practice, it is determined by "jar"
testing. For continuous systems, EPA will monitor the feed rate to
ensure that the system is operated at design conditions. For batch
systems, EPA will want information on the design parameter used to
determine sufficient settling time (e.g., total suspended solids).
(d) Choice of treatment chemical. A choice must be made as to
what type of precipitating agent (i.e., treatment chemical) will be
used. The factor that most affects this choice is the type of metal
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constituents to be treated. Other design parameters, such as pH,
residence time, and choice of coagulant/flocculant agents, are based on
the selection of the treatment chemical.
(e) Choice of coagulant/flocculant. This parameter is
important because these compounds improve the settling rate of the
precipitated metals and enable smaller systems (i.e., lower retention
time) to achieve the same degree of settling as much larger systems. In
practice, the choice of the best agent and the required amount is
determined by "jar" testing.
(f) Mixing. The degree of mixing is a complex assessment that
includes, among other things, the energy supplied, the time the material
is mixed, and the related turbulence effects of the specific size and
shape of the tank. EPA will, however, consider whether mixing is
provided and whether the type of mixing device is one that could be
expected to achieve uniform mixing. For example, EPA may not use data
from a chemical precipitation treatment system where an air hose was
placed in a large tank to achieve mixing.
3-42
-------
4. PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
4.1 Introduction
This section discusses all available performance data that EPA has
amassed on the demonstrated technologies discussed in Section 3.
Performance data include the untreated and treated waste concentrations
for a given constituent, the operating values that existed at the time
the waste was being treated, the design values for the treatment
technology, and data on waste characteristics that affect treatment
performance. EPA has provided all such data to the extent that they are
available.
EPA's use of these data in determining the technology that represents
BOAT and in the development of treatment standards is discussed in
Sections 5 and 7, respectively. For K101 and K102, EPA has performance
data on rotary kiln incineration, stabilization of kiln ash and
precipitated metals, and chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters.
4.2 Incineration Performance Data
Performance data collected by EPA for rotary kiln incineration are
provided in Tables 4-1 to 4-11. These tables present the analytical data
for K101 and K102 collected during the Agency's sampling visit. The
untreated K101 and K102 wastes, the treated K101 and K102 wastes (kiln
ash), and the scrubber wastewater generated were analyzed for BOAT list
volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and other parameters that
affect incinerator performance.
4-1
-------
TABLE 4-1 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION • Sample Set *1 *
Sample Location
(EPA Sanple Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(S27-101)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(S29-101)
. (mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
<50
<25
<36,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.020
NON-BOAT LIST
• 2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
191.000
748,000
NA
NA
407,400
<0.050
10,400
1,620
8,460
67.3**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0). KV
Kiln rotational speeB (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H^O), Pi
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H-0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1850 - 1960
1855 - 1961
(-0.06) - (-0.12)
0.25
0.96 - 1.64
24.5 - 25
1984 - 2010
0.880
25
445 - 595
204
80
1.94 - 1.98
27
21.5
38.5 - 39.5
200
180 - 182
175 - 180
175 - 180
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-3.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-2
-------
TABLE 4-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #2 *
Sample Location
(EPA Sanple Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-102)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Wasteuater
(SZ9-102)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
<50
<25
<38.000
<0.010
<0.005
0.013
NON-BDAT LIST
2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<188,000
793,000
NA
NA
401,100
<0.050
32,000
914
23,600
89.6*«
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speefl (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr),
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), PI
FGA
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1710 - 1940
1735 - 1914
(-0.06) - (-0.20)
0.25
0.400 - 0.640
25
1991 - 2019
0.640 - 0.920
25
474 - 543
196
75 - 80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H-0), PI
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H-0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-330
1.98 - 2.10
27 - 28
20 - 21
38.5
205 - 210
184 - 188
174 - 175
175
11.25 - 12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-4.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-3
-------
TABLE 4-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #3
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-103)
(ing/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ9-103)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semi volatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
<50
42
<34,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.011
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<172,000
804,000
NA
NA
281,200
<0.050
18,500
289
17,700
30.4"*
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H^O), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpro), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), PI
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1625 - 1940
1576 - 1880
(-0.06) • (-0.10)
0.25
0.400
24.5
1940 - 1991
0.92 - 0.96
25
458 - 513
192
75 - 80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. HIO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
2.10 - 2.16
27
20
38.5
205
180 - 188
175
170 -175
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-5.
• - Not on BOAT List
•* - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-4
-------
TABLE 4-4 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set *4
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-104)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ9-104)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organ)cs
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semi volatile Orgenics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
81
<25
<38,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.012
NON-BDAT LIST
* 2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<190.000
604,000
NA
NA
254.900
<0
22,600
373
21,100
38
.050
.0**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. N^O), KV
Kiln rotational speea (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1700
1383 - 1631
0 - (-0.10)
0.25
0.40 - 2.00
24.5
1868 - 1891
0.96
24 • 24.5
467 - 486
129
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H.O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), PI
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. ICO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
2.0 - 2.25
27
20
38.5 - 40.6
205
178
175
170 - 172
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-6.
• - Not on BOAT List
** - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-5
-------
TABLE 4-5 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set* 2A, 2B, and 1
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Nuifcer)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2A)
TOTAL
(Dig/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2B)
TOTAL
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(1)
TOTAL
(mg/kg)
BOAT List
Volatile Organic*
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthlate
0.010
<0.005
<0.420
<0.010
<0.005
<0.420
<0.010
<0.005
<0.420
MOM -BOAT list
• 2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids (X)
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<2
94. 5
HA
NA
267"
<2
94.8
NA
NA
795"
<2
96.2
NA
NA
2,130"
a • Obtained fro» the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101, Table 5-7.
• • Constituent is not on the BOAT list.
" - This is an average of four results for Total Organic Carbon analysis on same sample.
HA - Not analyzed.
4-6
-------
TABLE 4-6 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #1
Untreated 1C 102 Waste Treated Uaste Scrubber Uasteuater
Sample Location to incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(EPA Sample Number) (SZ4-101)
(mg/kg)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene 9.4
215-217 Total Xylenes <1.5
Semi volatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate <182
142 Phenol <182
NON-BDAT LIST
• 2-Nitrophenol 370
Total Solids 337,000
Total Suspended Solids NA
Total Dissolved Solids NA
Total Organic Carbon 173,200
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0). KV
Kiln rotational speea (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr),
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0),
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H^O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0)
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), TS
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
a - Obtained from the Ons ite Engineering Report
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-3.
* - Not on BOAT List
•* - This is an average of two results for total
*** - This is an average of four results for total
NA - Not analyzed.
(SZ5-101)
Total
(mg/kg)
<1.5
<1.5
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
732,500"
NA
NA
22,400*"
DESIGN VALUE
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
FGA <4
25
Not controlled
500
80
PV >0
20-25
20-25
, PT >30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
(SZ6-101)
(mg/l)
<0.005
<0.005
0.016
0.017
<0.010
6200
1,980
1,930
17.1*"
OPERATING RANGE
2000
1889-1892
(-0.01)-(-0.02)
0.25
1.92
25
1928-1934
0.88-1.04
20-27.5
486-496
565
80
1.62-1.68
21.5-27.0
20.0-21.0
30.5-31.0
200
170-172
180-185
180
10.1-10.5
6.0-6.5
180-185
375
for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
solids analysis on same sample.
organic carbon analysis on same
4-7
sample.
-------
TABLE 4-7 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #2 a
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Winter)
Untrented K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-102)
(ma/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-102)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uasteuater
(S26-102)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
U2 Phenol
5.4
<19.4
<19.4
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
0.019T
NON-BDAT LIST
* 2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
220
356,000
NA
NA
166,000
706,000"
NA
NA
24,200*"
<0.010
5,130
2,910
2,610
22.9*"
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speea (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr),
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
FGA
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1860-1950
1864-1924
-0.05
0.25
1.04-1.20
25
1949
0.92-0.96
20
486-509
565
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H-0), PI
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H-0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.54-1.64
20.5-21.0
19.5-21.0
30.0-30.5
200
176-178
180-185
180-182
9.75
6.5
165-167
375
a -
**
***
NA
T
Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2. 3-3 and 5-4.
Constituent has not yet been assigned a BOAT number.
This is an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
This is an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
Not analyzed.
This value is under investigation by laboratory to confirm compound's presence.
4-8
-------
TABLE 4-8 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #3 *
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-103)
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-103)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ6-103)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
U2 Phenol
5.7
<19.4
<19.4
<0.005
<0.005
0.022
<0.010
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
230
355,000
NA
NA
167,800
601,500"
NA
NA
36,700**«
<0.010
5,130
4,440
2,550
23.9*"
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H.O), KV
Kiln rotational speea (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), PI
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1800-1850
1850-1879
0.0-0.15«
0.25
1.00-1.04
25
1925-1928
0.80
25
480
515
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. HjO), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H.O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), TS
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.46-1.56
21.5-26.0
20.5-21.0
30.5-31.0
200
178
185
182
10.5
6.5-6.6
170-180
375
a • Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-5.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This is an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
*** - This is an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-9
-------
TABLE 4-9 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set *4
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Uaste
to incinerator
(SZ4-104)
(mg/kg)
Treated Uaste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-104)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uasteuater
(SZ6-104)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
6.1
<194
<194
<0.005
<0.005
0.031
0.023
NON-BDAT LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
480
333,000
NA
NA
163,100
400,500*
NA
NA
422,000*
<0.010
8,260
6,290
2,620
25.9***
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H.O), KV
Kiln rotational speea (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1750-1775
1817-1827
(-O.OS)-(-O. 10)
0.25
1.04-1.12
25
1931-1953
0.76
25
482-490
414
75-80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. HjO), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), PI
. Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H.O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
a - Obtained from the Ons ite Engineering Report for John
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-6.
* - Not on BOAT List
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380 .
Zink Company, Tulsa,
1.52-1.54
21.0-21.5
21.0
31.5-35.5
200
176
182-185
180-183
10.5
6.6
162-195
372-380
Oklahoma, for K102.
•* - This is an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
••• - This is an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA • Not analyzed.
4-10
-------
TABLE 4-10 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #5 a
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Ninter)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-105)
(Rig/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-105)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uasteuater
(SZ6-105)
(ing/1)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
23
4.5
<194
<194
NO
SAMPLES
<0.005
<0.005
0.021
0.015
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
740
393,000
NA
NA
214.700
TAKEN
<0.010
8,920
6,210
2,530
30.3"
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speea (rptn), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1780
1837-1848
-0.08
0.25-0.29
1.12
25
1928-1930
0.76
25
491-518
414
75-77
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H.O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H.O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H.O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H.O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F). T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.50
21.5
20.5
30.5-31.0
200
176-178
185
182
10.1
6.6
165
375
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-7.
* - Not on BOAT List
•• - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-11
-------
TABLE 4-11 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #6
BOAT LIST
43
215-217
70
142
NON-BDAT
*
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Nuifcer)
Volatile Organics
Toluene
Total Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
Bis(2-ethylhexyl )Phthalate
Phenol
LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-106)
(mg/kg)
26
5.3
<184
<1S4
870
395.000
NA
NA
216,500
Treated Waste Scrubber Wasteuater
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-106) (SZ6-106)
Total
(mg/kg) . (mg/l)
<0.005
<0.005
NO
0.012
0.017
SAMPLES
TAKEN <0.010
9,160
6,410
2,370
35.9**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H.O), KV
Kiln rotational spew (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1740
1810-1828
(-0.09)-(-0.12)
0.29
1.08-1.12
25
1971-1976
0.76
25
526-560
389
74-77
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H.O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H-0), PI
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H,0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.50-1.52
21.5-22.0
20.5-21.0
30.5-31.5
200
176-182
185
180-182
9.9-10.5
6.3-6.6
160-190
370-380
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-8.
* - Not on BOAT List
•• - This is an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-12
-------
4.3 Stabilization Performance Data
Performance data for the stabilization of K101 and K102 kiln ash and
precipitated metals from the scrubber waters were not collected by EPA.
Therefore, performance data will be transferred from the stabilization of
waste code F006, which is similar based on waste characteristics
affecting performance. Tables 4-12 and 4-13 present analytical data for
K101 and K102 kiln ash. The kiln ash was analyzed for BOAT list metals
and other parameters that affect the stabilization process. The
analytical results for the treatment of F006 by stabilization are shown
in Tables 4-14 and 4-15. Table 4-16 presents the composition data for
the cement kiln dust used in the stabilization process.
4.4 Chemical Precipitation Data
Performance data for chemical precipitation of K101 and K102 scrubber
waters were not collected by EPA. Therefore, performance data will be
transferred from the data obtained for the chemical precipitation of D004
waste. Tables 4-17 and 4-18 present analytical data for K101 and K102
scrubber water. The scrubber water was analyzed for BOAT list metals and
other parameters that affect the precipitation process. The analytical
results and operating data for the treatment of D004 by precipitation are
shown in Tables 4-19 to 4-23.
4-13
-------
TABLE 4-12 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 KILN ASH - Sample Sets 2A, 2B, and 1
BOAT
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
171
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Nutter)
LISTED
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Bar i Lin
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganic
Sulfide
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2A>
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
104
360
294
0.56
<0.50
232
554
6.3
<0.1
2*7
<0.5
0.86
<1.0
31
173
13.6
0
0
0
<0
0
0
1
0
<0
0
<0
<0
<0
0
0
NA
.377
.656
.485
.001
.0088
.143
.30
.009
.0002
.450
.005
.007
.010
.014
.323
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2B)
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
88
244
288
0.54
<0.50
206
540
7.2
<0.1
265
<0.5
<0.70
<1.0
30
166
16.9
0.
0.
0.
<0
0.
0.
1.
462
730
537
.001
0094
127
060
<0.0005
<0.
0.
<0.
<0.
<0.
0.
0.
NA
0002
379
010
007
010
020
391
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(1)
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
87
355
289
0.52
<0.50
261
417
8.2
<0.1
262
<0.5
<0.70
<1.0
27
132
20.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
<0
<0
0
<0
<0
<0
0
0
NA
.204
.376
.594
.0011
.0051
.232
.030
.005
.0002
.366
.025
.007
.010
.025
.293
NON-BOAT LISTED
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Organic Carbon
8.7
148
267"
NA
NA
NA
11.1
172
795"
NA
NA
NA
11.0
193
2,130"
NA
NA
NA
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101, Table 5-7.
" - This is an average of four results for Total Organic Carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
4-14
-------
TABLE A-13 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 KILN ASH - Sample Sets 1, 2, 3, and 4
I
M
Ol
Sample
Total
(mg/kg)
Set 1
TCLP
(mg/l)
Sample
Total
(mg/kg)
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
Set 2 Sample
TCLP Total
(mg/l) (mg/kg)
Set 3
TCLP
(mg/l)
Sample Set 4
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
BOAT LISTED
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
171
NON-BOAT
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Sulfide
LISTED
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Organic Carbon
369
633
39
<0.1
1.3
32
42
11
0.12
56
8.0
<0.7
<5.0
4.3
24
7.0
83.9
12.0
22.400***
8.02
8.69
0.206
•cO.001
0.020
0.019
0.343
<0.005
<0.0002
0.370
<0.050
<0.007
<0.500
<0.004
0.285
NA
NA
NA
NA
349
844
32
8
14
0
.140
.3
.218
1990
1060
30
<0.1 <0.001 <0.1
1.4
42
46
10.5
<0.1
76
6.7
<0.7
<1.0
3.4
21
6.4
89.3
21.4
24,200***
0
0
.029
.0052
0.103
<0
<0
0
0
<0
<0
<0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
.005
.0002
.541
.054
.007
.200
.004
.526
4.2
12
36
<0.5
<0.1
35
7.6
<0.7
<1.0
2.5
12
7.9
103
18.8
36,700***
16.3
17.1
0.273
<0.001
0.059
<0.007
0.048
0.0056
<0.0002
0.383
0.036
<0.007
<0.200
<0.004
0.577
NA
NA
NA
NA
203
1,080
15
<0
<0
15
8
1
<0
9
13
<0
<1
0
2
8
71
55
.1
.5
.7
.7
.1
.1
.7
.0
.73
.3
.7
.5
.9
422,000***
9.73
38.3
0.241
<0.001
0.084
0.286
0.0082
<0.005
0.00021
0.428
<0.005
<0.007
<0.100
<0.004
0.214
NA
NA
NA
NA
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-3 through 5-6.
*** - This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
-------
TABLE 4-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED F006 WASTE
Total Concentration in Raw Waste Sample - F006 (ppm)
#2 f»3 *4 #5 «6 #7 #8 09
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Bariun
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
..
31.3
755
7.030
409
435 989
6.62
1,560 4.020
85.5
67.3
716
--
257
259
38.9
631
..
1.31
--
1.510
88.5
374
9.05
90,200
14.3
720
12.200
160
52
701
5.28
35,900
-.
7.28
3.100
1.220
113
19,400
4.08
27,800
--
5.39
42,900
10.600
156
13,000
12.5
120
15.3
5.81
--
17,600
1.69
23,700
8.11
15,700
19.2
--
--
27,400
24,500
5,730
--
322
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer. The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility. The waste sample is a mixture of F006, D006, D007, and 0008.
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wastewater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn plating.
7 - Wastewater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
Source: CUM Technical Note 87-117.
-------
TABLE 4-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED F006 WASTE (Continued)
#1
TCLP Concentration in Raw Waste Sample - F006 (ppm)
#3 #4 #5 #6
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
..
2.21
0.76
368
10.7
0.71 22.7
0.14
0.16 219
1.41
1.13
0.43
--
2.26
1.1
0.20
5.41
--
0.02
--
4.62
0.45
0.52
0.16
2.030
0.38
23.6
25.3
1.14
0.45
9.78
0.08
867
--
0.3
38.7
31.7
3.37
730
0.12
1.200
--
0.06
360
8.69
1.0
152
0.05
0.62
0.53
0.18
--
483
4.22
644
0.31
650
0.28
--
--
16.9
50.2
16.1
--
1.29
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility.
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wasteuater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn plating.
7 - Wasteuater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
Source: CWM Technical Note 87-117.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006, 0006, D007, and D008.
-------
TABLE 4-15 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATED F006 WASTE
TCLP Concentration in Treated Sample - F006 (ppm)
#1
Mix Ratio 0.2
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel 0.04
Silver
Zinc 0.03
#2
0.5
..
0.01
0.39
0.25
0.36
0.03
0.05
0.01
#3
0.2
0.33
0.06
0.08
--
0.30
0.23
0.20
0.05
#4
1.0
.-
0.01
--
0.15
0.21
0.02
0.03
0.01
#5
0.5
0.23
0.01
0.30
0.27
0.34
0.03
0.04
0.04
#6
0.5
..
0.01
0.38
0.29
0.36
0.04
0.06
0.03
*7
0.2
..
0.01
1.21
0.42
0.38
0.10
0.05
0.02
«8
0.5
0.27
0.01
--
0.32
0.37
0.04
0.05
0.02
*9
0.5
0.08
--
--
0.46
0.27
0.02
--
<0.01
I
M
00
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer. The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility. The waste sample is a mixture of F006, D006, 0007, and 0008j
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wastewater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu. Hi, and Zn plating.
7 - Uastewater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
Source: CUM Technical Note 87-117.
-------
TABLE 4-16 CEMENT KILN DUST COMPOSITION DATA
Concentration in mg/l
Constituent
Composition TCLP/EP* Other Characteristics
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadnium
Chromium (total)
Copper
Iron (total)
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Sodium
Potassium
Celciun
Total Sulfide ppm
Ash content X
Total residue a 105
Alkalinity as CAOX
pH 10X solution
31,000
38
92.7
3.14
31.9
44.8
15.200
156
3,790
<0.033
12.6
8.67
4.13
65.6
2300
33,100
41.900
cX
NA
<0.01
2.74
<0.01
0.05
0.16
NA
0.29
NA
«0.001
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
NA
NA
NA
<8
99.8
100
56.16
12.55
NA • Not reported.
• - In the process of checking with CUM for the type of analysis performed.
Source: Special Waste Analysis Report dated June 15, 1987
provided be Chemical Waste Management, Technical Center.
4-19
-------
TABLE 4-17 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 SCRUBBER WATER
Untreated Scrubber Uater
Sample Set 1 Sample Set 2 Sample Set 3 Sample Set 4
Total Total Total Total
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
BOAT LISTED
Metals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryl I inn
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
404
426
0.425
<0.001
<0.050
1.120
3.170
3.620
0.040
0.649
0.389
0.048
0.377
0.027
10.9
296
504
0.462
<0.001
<0.500
1.71
7.13
3.87
0.109
1.210
0.121
<0.007
0.167
0.058
19.3
136
307
0.447
<0.001
<0.005
1.16
3.97
2.00
0.069
0.907
<0.050
<0.070
0.056
0.036
13.8
137
91.7
0.480
<0.001
<0.500
0.962
3.56
1.97
0.0057
0.983
<0.500
<0.070
0.037
0.038
14.8
NON-BOAT LISTED
Total Solids 10,400
Total Suspended Solids 1,620
Total Dissolved Solids 8,460
32,000
914
23,600
18,500
289
17,700
22,600
373
21,100
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101. Tables 5-3 through 5-6.
4-20
-------
TABLE 4-18 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 SCRUBBER WATER
I
ro
Sample Set 1
Total
(mg/l)
BOAT LISTED
Metals
154 Antimony
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
NON-BOAT
Arsenic
Bar inn
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
LISTED
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
591
341
0
<0
.207
.010
0.671
0
1
0
0
<0
0
0
0
0
1
6.200
1.980
1.930
.606
.120
.245
.018
.220
.131
.007
.246
.032
.280
Sample Set 2
Total
(mg/l)
513
495
0
<0
0
0
1
0
0
<0
0
0
0
0
1
5,130
2.910
2.610
.198
.001
.834
.372
.170
.081
.022
.220
.170
.0099
.370
.040
.230
Untreated Scrubber Water
Sample Set 3 Sample Set 4
Total Total
-------
TABLE 4-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF 0004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 1
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
3.740
826
<0.020
0.021
2.990
<0.140
<1.2
0.044
0.019
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.100
<0.120
0.473
2.9
1,260
0.025
<0.020
3.980
<0.140
<1.200
0.298
0.036
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.220
<0.640
0.415
<0.200
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.266
<0.005
0.0014
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.709
Conti nued
4-22
-------
TABLE 4-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF DOM BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 1
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (nin)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5,000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 - 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1,000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 lbs/10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambient
OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin #6
826 1,260
10.94 4.04
1.5 2.2
25 30
5 3
8,850 8,030
12.18 12.34
27.1 28.1
143
12.01
495
9.5
35
5
16,200
7.39
25.6
23.4
7.42
100
8.8
30
5
15,700
3.79
32.9
•Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
4-23
-------
TABLE (-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF DOCK BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 2
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin *5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (tng/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
1.090
427
0.325
<0.020
1.090
<0.140
<0.120
0.075
0.076
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.000
1.460
960
<0.020
<0.020
3.080
<0.140
<1.200
<0.005
0.142
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.749
<0.640
2.000
0.032
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.321
0.029
0.0043
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
0.011
<0.120
1.150
Continued
4-24
-------
TABLE 4-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 2
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipi tator:
Incoming Uaste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipi tator:
Incoming Uaste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Uaste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin *6
500 - 5,000 427 960
2 - 8 7.06 2.17
1.5:1 Min. 4.8 1.5
15 - 30 25 20
2-5 3 2
8,000 7,950 7,650
11.2 • 11.5 12.82 11.96
Ambient 27.0 35.2
100 - 1,000 147
11.2 - 11.5 11.80
495 495
1.2:1 - 12:1 11.2
30 30
3-5 5
16,200 13,400
8.0 - 8.5 8.06
Ambient 27.6
10 - 100 35.9
8.0 - 8.5 7.60
50 lbs/10 ppm* 100
Arsenic
9:1 6.3
30 30
3-5 5
16,000 14,300
4.4 - 4.6 4.17
Ambient 26.4
•Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for 0004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
4-25
-------
TABLE 4-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 3
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Bar inn
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
0.914
1.280
0.269
<0.020
3.250
<0.140
<0.120
0.279
0.112
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<1.000
<0.120
0.617
4.110
706
<0.020
<0.020
2.590
<0.140
<0.120
0.078
0.190
<0.220
<0.005
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.170
<0.640
0.513
<0.020
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.267
0.025
0.0094
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.743
Continued
4-26
-------
TABLE 4-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF DOCK BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 3
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipi tator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipi tator:
Incoming Uaste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Uaste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Uaste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Uaste Volume (gal)
Treated Uaste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5,000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 • 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1,000
11.2 • 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 lbs/10 ppm»
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 • 4.6
Ambient
OPERATING RANGE
Basin *5 Basin #6
1,280 706
2.01 7.61
2.0 1.8
25 30
5 5
8,700 8,100
12.09 12.31
30.8 41.7
205
12.41
495
7.0
30
5
15,400
7.34
30.9
15.0
7.17
100
13.3
30
5
16,200
4.00
29.2
•Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a • Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for 0004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
4-27
-------
TABLE 4-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF DOM BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 4
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barii/n
157 Beryl 1 inn
158 Cadmiun
159 Chromiun
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Seleniun
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadiun
168 Zinc
1.590
1,340
0.270
<0.020
2.B60
<0.140
<0.120
0.478
0.076
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<10
<0.120
0.210
3.160
399
0.251
<0.020
0.977
<0.140
<0.120
<0.050
0.040
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.636
<0.640
0.418
0.035
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.240
<0.010
0.0039
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.743
Cont i nued
4-28
-------
TABLE 4-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF 0004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 4
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calciim Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5.000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 - 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1,000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 • 5
16.200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 lbs/10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambi ent
OPERATING RANGE
Basin IK Basin #6
1,340 399
6.46 12.12
2.2 5.8
25 20
3 5
7,280 7,130
11.84 12.86
30.7 26.7
125
12.35
495
10.3
35
3
17.500
7.49
26.8
26.5
7.49
100
7.2
35
5
17,000
4.12
26.2
•Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a • Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
4-29
-------
TABLE 4-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 5
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin *5 Basin *6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Bar inn
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromiun
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Seleniun
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
0.640
1,670
0.509
<0.020
3.640
<0.140
<0.120
0.371
0.0034
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<10
<0.120
0.164
3.410
717
0.226
<0.020
1.500
<0.140
<0.120
0.197
0.139
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<10
<0.120
0.974
<0.640
0.440
0.037
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.506
<0.025
0.0061
<0.220
<0.100
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.710
Conti nued
4-30
-------
TABLE 4-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF DOM BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 5
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pN
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5.000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 • 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1.000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 • 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 lbs/10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambient
OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin 1*6
1,670 717
1.79** 6.97
1.3 2.1
25 30
3 5
7,280 7.130
12.02 11.86
20.0 48.0
302
11.93
495
4.7
30
5
15,700
7.02
33.7
107.0
7.34
250
4.7
40
5
16,000
3.91
31.5
•Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
••This value was measured on a sample taken directly from the feed line to the basin.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories .for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
4-31
-------
5. SELECTION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY FOR K101 AND K102
5.1 Introduction
This section describes how the data collected by the Agency were
evaluated to determine which demonstrated treatment technology system
represents BOAT for waste codes K101 and K102. As discussed in detail in
Section 1, this determination essentially involves ascertaining which of
the "demonstrated" technologies will provide the "best" treatment and, at
the same time, determining whether that technology is "available" (i.e.,
the technology can be purchased or licensed and provides substantial
treatment).
The demonstrated treatment technology under consideration for
nonwastewaters is rotary kiln incineration and metals stabilization of
the kiln ash. The demonstrated treatment technology under consideration
for wastewaters is chemical precipitation and metals stabilization of the
nonwastewater precipitate. As discussed in Sections 3 and 4, the Agency
collected performance data for the treatment of K101 and K102
nonwastewaters from one treatment technology system: rotary kiln
incineration. No additional performance data were available for the
treatment of K101 and K102 wastewaters or nonwastewaters.
The topics covered in this section include descriptions of the data
screening process employed, the methods used to ensure accuracy of the
analytical data, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests performed in
identifying the best technology for the treatment of K101 and K102 wastes.
5-1
-------
In general, performance data are screened according to the following
three conditions:
• Proper design and operation of the treatment system;
• The existence of quality assurance/quality control measures in
the data analysis; and
• The use of proper analytical tests in assessing treatment
performance.
Sets of performance data that do not meet these three conditions are
not considered in the selection of BOAT. In addition, if performance
data indicate that the treatment system was not well designed and well
operated at the time of testing, these data also would not be used.
The remaining performance data are then corrected to account for
incomplete recovery of certain constituents during the analyses.
Finally, in cases where the Agency has adequate performance data for
treatment of the waste by more than one technology, an analysis of
variance (ANOVA) test is used to select the best treatment technology.
5.2 Review of Performance Data
5.2.1 Nonwastewaters
Six data sets were collected by the Agency for treatment of waste
code K102 and four data sets were collected by the Agency for treatment
of K101, both by rotary kiln incineration. These data sets are provided
in Tables 4-1 through 4-12 in the preceding section. The data sets were
evaluated to determine whether any of the data represented poor design or
poor operation of the treatment systems. None of the data sets were
deleted after this evaluation. Of the six data sets in K102, insufficient
5-2
-------
ash was generated for Sample Sets 5 and 6. No ash was generated out of
the four data sets in K101. Therefore, three ash samples from the kiln
walls were substituted for the treated waste samples in K101.
Insufficient ash was generated during the incineration of K101 and K102;
therefore, stabilization of the ash could not be performed. In addition,
no performance data were available for treatment of the resulting
scrubber water.
Performance data were not collected for metals stabilization of the
incinerator ash or the scrubber water precipitate for K101 and K102. The
Agency will thus consider performance data for K101 and K102 that have
been transferred from similar wastes based on waste characteristics
affecting performance. The available data collected by the Agency for
F006 were used as performance data for stabilization of the K101 and K102
incinerator ash and precipitate residuals. These data were evaluated to
determine whether any of the data represented poor design or poor
operation of the system. Nine of the available data sets were used for
the development of treatment standards for nonwastewaters from K101 and
K102.
Performance data for stabilization of the kiln ash can be found in
Section 4 of this document.
5.2.2 Wastewaters
Performance data were not collected for chemical precipitation of
K101 and K102 wastewaters. Five data sets from the treatment of D004
were collected by the Agency for chemical precipitation. The five data
5-3
-------
sets for D004 were transferred to the resulting K101 and K102 scrubber
water based on waste characteristics affecting performance. None of the
data sets in D004 were deleted because of poor design or poor operation
of the treatment system during the time data were being collected.
Performance data for chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters can be
found in the Onsite Engineering Report for waste characterized as EPA
hazardous waste, D004.
5.3 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data
After data were eliminated from consideration for analysis of BOAT
based on the screening tests, the Agency adjusted the data using
analytical recovery values. Recovery values take into account analytical
interferences and incomplete recoveries associated with the chemical
makeup of the sample. The recovery values are listed in Appendix B. The
Agency developed the recovery data (also referred to as accuracy data),
by first analyzing a waste for a given constituent and then adding a
known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the waste
material. The total amount recovered after spiking, minus the initial
concentration in the sample, divided by the amount added, is the recovery
value. At least two recovery values were calculated for spiked
constituents, and the analytical data were adjusted for accuracy using
the lowest recovery value for each constituent. This adjustment was
accomplished by calculating an accuracy factor from the percent
recoveries for each selected constituent. The reciprocal of the lower of
the two recovery values multiplied by 100, yields the accuracy factor.
5-4
-------
The corrected concentration for each sample set is obtained by
multiplying the accuracy factor by the raw data value. Should the
*
corrected value be lower than the detection limit, the detection
limit value is substituted for the corrected value.
In instances where a selected constituent was not detected in the
treated waste, the treated value for that constituent was assumed to be
the detection limit. The detection limit is corrected in the same manner
as described above with one exception: the detection limit is not
corrected to a value lower than the detection limit. The EPA does not
consider values lower than the detection limit to be valid.
The recovery values used and accuracy factors calculated for the selected
constituents are presented in Appendix D.
An arithmetic average value, representing the treated waste
concentration, was calculated for each selected constituent from the
corrected values. The accuracy-corrected data, averages, and variability
factors are presented in Tables 7-1 and 7-2 for nonwastewaters and in
Table 7-3 for wastewaters. These adjusted values for the treatment
technology systems consisting of rotary kiln incineration followed by
stabilization of the kiln ash and chemical precipitation of the scrubber
A detection limit is defined as the practical quantification limit,
PQL, that is five times the method detection limit achievable when
using an EPA-approved analytical method specified for a particular
analysis (i.e., constituent of interest) in SW-846, 3rd Edition
(USEPA 1986a).
5-5
-------
water followed by stabilization of the precipitate were then .used to
determine BOAT for waste codes K101 and K102.
5.4 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data
In cases where the Agency has adequate performance data on treatment
of the same or similar wastes using more than one technology, an analysis
of variance (ANOVA) test is performed to determine whether one of the
technologies provides significantly better treatment compared to the
others. In cases where a particular treatment technology is shown to
provide the best treatment, the treatment standards will be based on this
best technology.
5.5 BOAT for K101/K102 Wastes
In the case of K101 and K102 wastes, the Agency does not have
performance data for any demonstrated technology beyond rotary kiln
incineration followed by stabilization of the kiln ash and chemical
precipitation of the scrubber water followed by stabilization of the
precipitate. The Agency, therefore, has no reason to believe that the
levels of performance achieved by this technology can be improved upon.
Thus, the Agency has determined that performance achieved by incineration
followed by stabilization of the kiln ash and chemical precipitation of
the scrubber water followed by stabilization of the precipitate
represents BOAT.
Rotary kiln, incineration and metals stabilization are judged to be
available to treat K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. Chemical precipitation
is judged to be available to treat K101 and K102 wastewaters. The Agency
5-6
-------
believes these technologies to be available because they are.
(1) commercially available and (2) provide a substantial reduction in the
Teachable levels of BOAT list constituents present in wastes K101 and
K102. EPA's determination of substantial treatment is discussed below.
Substantial treatment for K101 and K102 wastes is based on the
observations found in Tables 5-1 and 5-2. In the incineration step,
2-nitroaniline is reduced from as much as 191,000 mg/kg to <2 mg/kg and
2-nitrophenol from 870 mg/kg to <1 mg/kg. Performance data for
stabilization and chemical precipitation were transferred from F006 and
D004, respectively, and are found in Tables 5-1 and 5-2.
The Agency believes the reduction in the range and magnitude of these
hazardous constituents to be substantial. For Low Arsenic K101 and K102
wastewaters and nonwastewaters, rotary kiln incineration followed by
stabilization of K101 and K102 kiln ash and precipitated metals from the
scrubber waters and chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters has
been determined to be demonstrated and best, has provided substantial
treatment, and is commercially available; it therefore represents BOAT.
5-7
-------
TABLE 5-1 Nonuasteuater Data Showing Substantial Treatment
EPA Collected Performance Data From Incineration
Total Composition (mg/kg)
Constituent Untreated Treated
K101
2-Nitroaniline* <172,000 - 191.000 <2
K102
2-Nitrophenol« 220 - 870 <1
* - Constituent is not on the BOAT list
Performance Data Transferred From F006*
TCLP Concentration - F006 (ppm)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT Untreated Treated
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
0.28 - 1.41 0.08 • 0.33
0.02 - 23.6 0.01 - 0.06
0.43 - 360 0.08 - 1.21
1.14 - 483 0.15 - 0.46
0.45 - 50.2 0.21 - 0.38
0.52 - 730 0.02 - 0.23
0.05 - 0.31 0.03 - 0.20
0.16 - 2,030 <0.01 - 0.05
* - For individual sample points see Background Document for F006.
Source: CUM Technical Note 87-117.
5-8
-------
TABLE 5-2 DOM Uastewater Data Showing Substantial Treatment"
BOAT List Constituent
Hetals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cactnium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
UNTREATED
Basin #5
0.640 • 3.740
427 - 1.670
<0.020 - 0.509
<0.020 - 0.021
1.090 - 3.640
<0.140
<0.120 - <1.20
0.044 - 0.478
0.0034 - 0.112
O.220
<0.025 - <0.050
0.120
<0.010 - <10
<0.120
0.164 - 1.000
WASTE
Basin *6
1.460 - 4.110
399 - 1,260
0.020 - 0.251
O.020
0.977 - 3.980
O.140
<1.200
O.005 - 0.298
0.036 - 0.190
O.220
O.OOS - O.050
<0.120
O.010 - <10
O.120
0.636 - 1.220
TREATED
O.640
0.415
<0.020
<0.020
0.080
O.140
0.240
0.005
0.0014
O.220
O.050
0.120
0.010
O.120
0.709
WASTE
- 2.000
- 0.200
- 0.506
- 0.029
- 0.0094
- O.100
- 0.011
- 1.710
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
5-9
-------
6. DETERMINATION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS .
As discussed in Section 1, the Agency has developed a list of
hazardous constituents (Table 1-1) from which the constituents to be
regulated are selected. EPA may revise this list as additional data and
information become available. The list is divided into the following
categories: volatile organics, semivolatile organics, metals, inorganics
other than metals, organochlorine pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid
herbicides, organophosphorous insecticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans.
This section describes the process used to select the constituents to
be regulated for K101/K102. The process involves developing a list of
potential regulated constituents and then eliminating those constituents
that would not be treated by the chosen BOAT or that would be controlled
by regulation of the remaining constituents.
6.1 BDAT List Constituents Detected in the Untreated and Treated Waste
Using EPA-collected data, the Agency identified those constituents
that were detected in the untreated waste and the waste treated by
incineration. EPA collected four sets of data at one facility for waste
code K101 (see the Onsite Engineering Report for K101 for more details)
*
to evaluate the treatment of waste code K101 by incineration. All
four data sets were used to identify the constituents detected in the
Data for stabilization of kiln ash and scrubber water precipitate
were transferred from the treatment of EPA hazardous waste F006.
Data for chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters were
transferred from the treatment of EPA hazardous waste D004 (wastes
that exhibited characteristics for EP toxicity for arsenic).
6-1
-------
untreated waste, and three ash samples were used to identify constituents
in the treated waste. EPA also collected six sets of data at this
facility for waste code K102 (see the Onsite Engineering Report for K102
for more details) to evaluate the treatment of waste code K102 by
incineration. All six data sets were used to identify the constituents
detected in the untreated waste, and four of the six data sets were used
to identify constituents detected in the treated waste. The detection
limits for the BOAT list of constituents for K101 and K102 are presented
in Appendix C.
Tables 6-1 and 6-2 present the BOAT list as discussed in Section 1.
They indicates which of the BOAT list constituents were analyzed in the
untreated and treated waste for K101 and K102.
As shown in Table 6-1, the following constituents were detected in
the untreated waste K101: acetone, toluene, 2-nitroaniline, antimony,
arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver,
vanadium, zinc, fluoride, and sulfide. The following constituents were
detected after incineration of the K101 waste in the kiln ash: antimony,
arsenic, barium, beryllium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver,
vanadium, zinc, and sulfide.
The following constituents were detected in the scrubber waters
generated from incineration: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, antimony,
arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium,
silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc.
6-2
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste
Parameter
Untreated K101 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to . Uasteuater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Volatiles
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Di bromomethane
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
D i ch 1 orod i f I uoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
1 , 2 - D i ch I oropropane
t rans - 1 , 3 - D i ch I oropropene
cis-1.3-0ichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
<50 - 81
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101. Tables 5-2 to 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-3
-------
a
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste (Continued)
Untreated K101 Scrubber
Parameter Detection Status Believed to • Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Volatiles (continued)
33
228
34
229
35
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
215
216
217
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylacrylonitri le
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromome thane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
Semivolati les
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ani line
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzo(a)pyrene
ND
NA
NO
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NO
ND
ND
<25 - 42
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101. Tables 5-2 to 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-4
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated K101 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Semivolatil.es (continued)
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uorant hene
p- Benzoqu i none
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
B i s(2-chloroi sopropy)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthtate
2-sec-Butyl -4 ,6-dini trophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropioni tri le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibenzo(a, i )pyrene
m-D i ch I orobenzene
o-D i ch I orobenzene
p- D i ch I orobenzene
3, 3' -Di Chlorobenzi dine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethyoxlbenzidine
p-D imethy lami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2, 4-D imethy I phenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.011 - 0.020
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101. Tables 5-2 to 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-5
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated K101 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to Uasteuater
(ing/ kg) be Present (ing/ 1)
Semivolatiles (cont.)
102
103
104
105
106
219
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
***
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalete
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diphenylamine
Diphenylnitrosamine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach I orobutadi ene
Hexach lorocyclopentadiene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach 1 oroph ene
Hexach I oropropene
I ndeno( 1 , 2 , 3- cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Methapyri I ene
3-Methycholanthrene
4,4'-Hethylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl methanesulfonate
Napthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Napthylaniine
2-Napthylamine •'
2-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
M-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentach loromtrobenz ene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
<172,000 • 191.000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
•••- Not on BOAT List.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101. Tables 5-2 to 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-6
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated IC101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated IC101 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Semivotatiles (cent.)
139
140
U1
U2
220
U3
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 , 2 , 4 , 5 - Tet rach lorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2, 4- Trich lorobenzene
2.4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
NO
NO
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Metals
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulfide
87 - 104
244 - 360
288 • 294
ND
ND
206 • 261
ND
417 - 554
6.3 - 8.2
<0.1
262 - 297
- NO -
<0.70 - 0.86
ND
27 - 31
132 - 173
NO
2.02
13.6 - 20.5
136 -
91.7 -
0.425 •
ND
ND
0.962 •
ND
3.17 -
1.97 •
0.0057 -
0.649 •
<0.050 -
<0.007 -
<0.037 -
0.027 -
10.9 -
ND
404
504
0.480
1.71
7.13
3.87
0.109
1.21
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Organochlorine Pesticides
172 Aldrin
173 alpha-BHC
174 beta-BHC
175 delta-BHC
176 ganna-BHC
177 Chlordane
178 ODD
179 DDE
180 DDT
181 Dieldrin
182 Endosulfan I
183 Endosulfan II
184 Endrin
185 Endrin aldehyde
186 Heptachlor
187 Heptachlor epoxide
188 Isodrin
189 Kepone
190 Mehoxychlor
191 Toxaphene
Phenoxyacet i c Acid Herbicides
192 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193 Silvex
194 2.4.5-T
Organophospriorous Insecticides
195 Disulfoton
196 Famphur
197 Methyl parathion
198 Paration
199 Phorate
PCBs**
200 Aroclor 1016
201 Aroclor 1221
202 Aroclor 1232
Untreated K101
Detection Status Believed to
(ing/kg) be Present
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NO
ND
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101. Tables 5-2 to 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-8
-------
TABLE 6-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K101 Waste (Continued)
Untreated K101 Scrubber
Parameter Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(ing/kg) be Present (mg/l)
PCBs** (continued)
203 Aroclor 1242 ND NO
204 Aroclor 1248 ND ND
205 Aroclor 1254 ND ND
206 Aroclor 1260 ND ND
Pi ox ins and Furans**
207 Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND ND
208 Hexachlorodibenzofuran ND ND
209 Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND ND
210 Pentachlorodibenzofuran ND ND
211 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins ND ND
212 Tetrachlorodibenzofuran ND ND
213 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ND ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 5-2 through 5-7.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
6-9
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K102 Waste
Parameter
Untreated K102 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to ' Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present . (mg/l)
Volatiles
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromod i ch 1 oromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chi oromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 , 2-0 i bromoethane
Dibromomethane
trans-1,4-Oichloro-2-butene
D i ch 1 orod i f I uoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Oichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene
1 , 2-0 i ch I oropropane
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
NO
NO
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-10
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K102 Waste (Continued)
Untreated K102 Scrubber
Parameter Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Votati les (continued)
33
228
34
229
35
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
215
216
217
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
Isobutyl alcohol
Methane I
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylacrylonitri le
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromome t hane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof 1 uromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
Total Xylenes
Semi volati les
Acenaph thai ene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ani line
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzo(a)pyrene
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NO
ND
ND
ND
5.4 - 26
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
<1.5 - 5.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-11
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated K102 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present . (mg/l)
Semivolatiles (continued)
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropy)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl )phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthlate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Cresol
Cyelohexanone
D i benz( a, h )anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
m-0 i ch I orobenzene
o-D i ch I orobenzene
p-D i ch I orobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3' -Dimethyoxlbenzidine
p- D i methy I ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.010 - 0.031
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-12
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated K102 Scrubber
Detection Status Believed to ' Uasteuater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
Seroivolati les (cont.)
102
103
104
105
106
219
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
•**
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diphenylamine
Diphenylnitrosamine
1,2-Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach lorobenzene
Hexach I orobutad i ene
Hexach I orocyc I opentadi ene
Hexach I oroe thane
Hexach I orophene
Nexach I oropropene
Indenod ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Hethapyrilene
3-Methycholanthrene
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl methanesul f onate
Napthalene
1,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Napthylaniine
2-Napthylamine
p-Nitroani line
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N - N i t rosomethy I ethy I ami ne
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentachtoroethane
Pentach loronitrobenz ene
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
220 - 870
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
•••• Notion BOAT List.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-13
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Semivolatiles (eont.)
139 Pentachlorophenol
HO Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Triehlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153 Tris(2>3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Metals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
221 Chromium (hexavalent)
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Fluoride
171 Sulfide
Untreated
Detection Status
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
203 - 1990
633 - 1080
15 - 39
<0.1
<0.5 - 4.2
12 - 42
ND
8.7 - 46
<0.5 -11
<0.1 - 0.12
9.1 - 76
6.7 - 13
ND
<1.0 - <5.0
0.73 - 4.3
2.3 - 24
<1.0
<2.02««
6.4 - 8.7
K102 Scrubber
Believed to Uasteuater
be Present (mg/l)
ND
ND
ND
<0.010 -
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
291 -
341 -
0.198 -
<0.001 -
0.283
0.372 -
ND
1.12 -
<0.005 -
0.018 -
0.018 •
0.119 •
0.007 -
0.246 -
0.023 -
1.230 -
ND
0.023
712
713
0.648
0.002
- 2.8
0.606
1.619
0.567
0.053
0.228
0.413
0.016
0.562
0.04
1.850
<2.02«*
6.4 -
8.7
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
** - Indicates that only sample set 3 was analyzed for this constituent. Continued
6-14
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated 1C 102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Organochlorine Pesticides
172 Aldrin
173 alpha-BHC
174 beta-BHC
175 delta-BHC
176 ganroa-BHC
177 Chlordane
178 ODD
179 DOE
180 DOT
181 Dieldrin
182 Endosulfan I
183 Endosulfan II
184 Endrin
185 Endrin aldehyde
186 Heptachlor
187 Heptachlor epoxide
188 Isodrin
189 Kepone
190 Hehoxychlor
191 Toxaphene
Phenoxvacetic Acid Herbicides
192 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193 Silvex
194 2,4,5-T
Organophosphorous Insecticides
195 Disulfoton
196 Fanphur
197 Methyl parathion
198 Paration
199 Phorate
PCBs**
200 Aroclor 1016
201 Aroclor 1221
202 Aroclor 1232
Untreated K102
Detection Status Believed to
(mg/kg) be Present
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
ND
NO
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102. Tables 5-2 to 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected. Continued
6-15
-------
TABLE 6-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated 1C 102 Waste (Continued)
Untreated 1C 102 Scrubber
Parameter Detection Status Believed to Uastewater
(mg/kg) be Present (mg/l)
PCBs** (continued)
203 Aroclor 1242 ND ND
204 Aroclor 1248 ND ND
205 Aroclor 1254 ND ND
206 Aroclor 1260 ND ND
Pi ox ins and Furans**
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexach I orodi benzof uran
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentach 1 orodi benzof uran
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tet rach I orodi benzof uran
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 5-2 through 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
6-16
-------
As shown in Table 6-2, the following constituents were detected in
the untreated waste K102: toluene, 2-nitrophenol, total xylenes,
antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium, zinc, cyanide, fluoride,
and sulfide. The following constituents were detected in the kiln ash
after incineration of in the K102 waste: antimony, arsenic, barium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium,
zinc, fluoride, and sulfide.
The following constituents were detected in the scrubber waters
generated from incineration: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phenol,
antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury,
nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc.
Some constituents that were not detected in the untreated waste were
detected in the ash and scrubber water. Organic constituents detected in
the scrubber water but not detected in the untreated waste had detection
limits considerably lower than in the untreated waste. Metal
constituents that were detected in the treated waste but were not
detected or were lower in concentrations than in the untreated waste may
be present because of lower detection limits or operating conditions of
the kiln. This is the case for both K101 and K102.
The untreated and treated waste samples were not analyzed for other
classes of BOAT organics (organochlorine pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid
herbicides, and organophosphorous pesticides) both because there is no
in-process source of these constituents and because it is extremely
6-17
-------
unlikely that these constituents would be found at treatable levels in
the waste.
6.2 Constituents Detected in the Untreated Waste But Not Considered
for Regulation
Some BOAT metal constituents, such as beryllium, mercury, selenium,
silver, thallium, and vanadium, which were detected in the untreated
waste, were not present at treatable levels in the kiln ash for K101 and
K102 waste codes. Therefore, these metals were not selected as regulated
constituents for kiln ash nonwastewaters of K101 and K102.
Metal constituents present in K101 and K102 scrubber water that were
not selected for regulation in the wastewaters are as follows: barium,
beryllium, chromium, copper, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium,
vanadium, and zinc. These metals were not selected because they were not
present at treatable levels in the scrubber water.
Although copper and zinc were present at treatable levels in
nonwastewaters, the Agency believes that these metal constituents are
effectively controlled by treatment of the metal constituents that are
regulated by today's rule. Therefore, the Agency is not promulgating
standards for copper and zinc as part of the treatment standards for
K101/K102 nonwastewaters.
The nonmetallic inorganic constituents were generally present in
untreatable concentrations in the untreated waste codes K101 and K102.
Also, by comparing the concentration of cyanide and fluoride in the
untreated and treated waste for both waste codes, the Agency concluded
that these two constituents were not substantially treated. The Agency
6-18
-------
recognizes that the sulfide concentration was diminished in the treated
waste, but considers this an incidental treatment since the treatment
technology tested is not demonstrated for the treatment of sulfides. As
a result, the BOAT list inorganic constituents (other than metals) in
K101 and K102 were eliminated as a class .of BOAT list constituents to be
regulated in waste codes K101 and K102.
The remaining two classes of constituents, namely, volatiles and
semivolatiles, were generally present at treatable concentration levels
in the untreated waste. Volatiles and semivolatiles were judged to be
substantially treated by incineration. Only bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
was not considered for regulation since it is believed to be a
contaminant because of sample containerization.
Tables 6-3 and 6-4 list the constituents considered for regulation by
class and waste form. The selection of constituents is presented below.
6.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation
The Agency evaluated the analytical data for each constituent to
determine whether that constituent should be selected for regulation. In
general, the Agency was guided by the criteria for selecting regulated
constituents as described in Section 1 of this background document.
Table 6-5 lists the constituents selected for regulation by class. The
rationale for selecting the regulated constituents is presented below.
6-19
-------
TABLE 6-3 Constituents Considered for Regulation in K101
Constituent
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
2-Nitroaniline
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Nonwastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6-20
-------
TABLE 6-4 Constituents Considered for Regulation in K102.
Constituent
Volatile Organics
Toluene
Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Nonwastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6-21
-------
TABLE 6-5 Constituents Selected for Regulation in K101/K102
Constituent
Semi volatile Organics
a
2-Nitroanil ine
b
2-Nitrophenol
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Nonwastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wastewaters
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
a
Regulated only in K101.
Regulated only in K102.
6-22
-------
6.3.1 Nonwastewaters
(1) Volatile and semivolatile orqanics. The non-BDAT constituent
2-nitroaniline was present in significant concentrations in untreated
K101. It was substantially treated by incineration. Therefore,
2-nitroaniline was selected as a regulated constituent for K101 organic
nonwastewaters. This constituent was also selected because it will
indicate whether or not the treatment system has substantially reduced
organic constituent concentrations in K101. The boiling point of
2-nitroaniline is 284°C, higher than the other organic constituents
present in untreated K101. Therefore, if 2-nitroaniline is effectively
treated by incineration, then other organics present in K101 are also
effectively treated.
Acetone and toluene were present at moderate levels in untreated
K101, but were not detected in the treated waste. The boiling points of
acetone and toluene are 56.2°C and 110.6°C, respectively, which
are considerably lower than that of 2-nitroaniline. The Agency also
considers the detection limits for aniline in untreated K101 waste to be
unusually high and believes aniline was present at moderate levels. The
boiling point of aniline is 184 to 186°C. Therefore, if
2-nitroaniline is effectively treated, then acetone, toluene, and aniline
will also be treated. As a result, acetone, toluene, and aniline will
not be proposed for regulation at this time. However, treatment
standards have been developed, as described in Section 7.
6-23
-------
The constituent selected for regulation in K102 as the indicator for
the destruction of organics present in the waste is 2-nitrophenol. The
non-BDAT constituent 2-nitrophenol was detected in treatable
concentrations in untreated K102, but was not detected in the treated
waste. The boiling point of 2-nitrophenol is 216°C, which is higher
than the boiling points of other organic constituents present in
untreated K102. Therefore, the effective treatment of 2-nitrophenol will
indicate that organics present in untreated K102 have also been
effectively treated.
Toluene and xylenes were detected at moderate levels in untreated
K102. The boiling points of ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes are 144.4,
139.1, and 138.3°C, respectively. Toluene and xylenes will not be
selected for regulation because if 2-nitrophenol is effectively treated,
then toluene and xylenes will also be treated.
(2) Metals. Incineration is not an applicable or demonstrated
treatment of BOAT list metals. The incinerator ash and scrubber water
generated by the incineration process contain treatable concentration
levels for several metal constituents. The EPA did not collect data for
the stabilization of the BOAT list metals for K101 and K102. However,
nonwastewaters with similar constituents and characteristics have been
effectively treated by metals stabilization. Therefore, metals
stabilization is believed to effectively treat the metal constituents in
K101 and K102 nonwastewaters.
6-24
-------
Selection of metal constituents to be regulated in K101 and K102 is
dependent upon the concentration of the metals in the incinerator ash.
For the purposes of transferring data, the incinerator ash is considered
the untreated waste and the performance data that are transferred are
considered the treated waste. The K101 and K102 metals concentrations in
the ash must be compared to data for the waste codes that are being
considered for transferring data. Only constituents present and at
treatable levels will be considered for regulation. After a comparison
with several nonwastewaters, F006 metals stabilization data were
transferred to K101 and K102.
Arsenic, antimony, and barium will not be regulated in the K101 and
K102 nonwastewaters at this time. The Agency is investigating other
treatment techniques for these three metals. For K101 and K102 kiln ash
nonwastewaters, the other metals present in the kiln ash at treatable
levels for metals stabilization are cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
nickel, and zinc. However, in this rulemaking the Agency is only
regulating zinc and copper when they are indicators of performance of
treatment for other Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261 constituents.
Further, the Agency believes that these metals are effectively controlled
by treatment of the metal constituents that are regulated by today's rule
and therefore is not promulgating standards for copper or zinc as part of
the treatment standards for K101/K102 nonwastewaters. The Agency also
believes that the metals stabilization of the kiln ash will effectively
reduce the Teachability of the metal constituents present in the
nonwastewaters.
6-25
-------
6.3.2 Wastewaters
(1) Volatile and semivolatile orqanics. The two organic indicators,
2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol, selected for K101 and K102
nonwastewaters, respectively, were also selected for the wastewater forms
of K101 and K102. The rationale for their selection is the same as the
one discussed for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. If 2-nitroaniline and
2-nitrophenol are effectively treated by incineration, then other
organics present in the waste will also be reduced to acceptable
concentration levels.
(2) Metals. Antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were
present at treatable levels in the scrubber water for treatment by
chemical precipitation. The Agency believes that chemical precipitation
of the scrubber water for K101 and K102 will effectively treat the metals
present at treatable concentrations. As a result, the five metals listed
above were selected as regulated constituents for waste codes K101 and
K102 wastewaters. At this time the treatment standard for antimony will
be deferred until a suitable waste code has been selected for the
transference of data.
6-26
-------
7. CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS
In this section, the actual treatment standards for waste codes K101
and K102 are presented. These standards were calculated based on the
performance of the demonstrated treatment system that was determined by
the Agency to be the best for treating both waste codes. In Section 5,
BOAT for the listed waste codes K101 and K102 was determined to be rotary
kiln incineration, followed by stabilization of the resulting ash, and
chemical precipitation of the scrubber water, followed by stabilization
of the resulting precipitate. The previous section identified the
constituents proposed for regulation for the nonwastewater and wastewater
forms of K101 and K102 wastes.
As discussed in Section 1, the Agency calculated the BOAT treatment
standards for waste codes K101 and K102 by following a four-step
procedure: (1) editing the data; (2) correcting the remaining data for
analytical interference; (3) calculating adjustment factors (variability
factors) to account for process variability; and (4) calculating the
actual treatment standards using variability factors and average
treatment values. The four steps in this procedure are discussed in
detail in Sections 7.1 through 7.4.
7.1 Editing the Data
7.1.1 Nonwastewaters
Four sets of treatment data for waste code K101 and six sets of
treatment data for waste code K102 were collected by the Agency from a
7-1
-------
treatment system consisting of rotary kiln incineration. Three samples
of the treated K101 waste were collected at the end of the performance
test and were analyzed. Four samples of treated K102 waste were
collected during the performance test and were analyzed. The Agency
evaluated the seven data sets to determine whether the treatment system
was well operated at the time of the sampling visit. None of the data
sets were eliminated on the basis of this evaluation.
The performance data used for evaluating metals stabilization were
transferred from F006 and are shown in Section 4.
7.1.2 Wastewaters
Five data sets were collected by the Agency from a treatment system
consisting of chemical precipitation for D004. The performance data were
transferred to the wastewaters in K101 and K102 based upon waste
characteristics affecting performance. The Agency evaluated the five
data sets to determine whether the treatment system was well operated at
the time of the engineering visit. None of the data sets were eliminated
on the basis of this evaluation.
7.2 Correcting the Remaining Data
All data values were corrected to take into account analytical
interferences associated with the chemical makeup of the treated sample.
This correction was accomplished by calculating an accuracy factor from
the percent recoveries for the selected regulated constituents in K101
and K102. The actual recovery values and accuracy factors for the
selected constituents are presented in Appendix B. The corrected
7-2
-------
concentration values for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters are shown in Tables
7-1 and 7-2. The corrected concentration values for K101 and K102
wastewaters are shown in Table 7-3. The corrected concentration values
were obtained by multiplying the accuracy factors by the concentration
values in the treated waste. Arithmetic average values, representing the
treated waste concentration, were calculated for all constituents in K101
and K102 from the corrected concentrations.
7.3 Calculating Variability Factors
It is expected that in normal operation of a well-designed and
well-operated treatment system there will be some variability in
performance. Based on the test data, a measure of this variability is
expressed by the variability factor. The methodology for calculating
variability factors is explained in Appendix A of this report. Tables
7-1 through 7-3 present the results of calculations for the selected
constituents in nonwastewaters and wastewaters. Appendix D of this
report shows how the actual values in Tables 7-1 through 7-3 were
calculated.
In instances where a selected constituent was not detected in the
treated waste, the treated value for that constituent was assumed to be
the detection limits. For example, both 2-n^troaniline in K101 and
2-nitrophenol in K102 were not detected in the incinerator ash or the
scrubber water, and concentration values for the incinerator ash and
scrubber water were set at their detection limits. This resulted in no
apparent variation among the treated values and a calculated variability
7-3
-------
Table 7-1 tegulated Constituents and Calculated Treatment Standards for Organic* in K101 and K102 NonMastewaters
Accuracy-Corrected Concentration (mg/kg)
Sample Sample Sample Sample
BOAT Constituent Set *1 Set »2 Set ft Set 04
K101 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Volatile
•Acetone 1 0.010 0.010 0.010
•Toluene O.OOS 0.005 0.005
Semi volatile
•Aniline 2 1.050 1.050 1.050
•*• 2-Nltroanlline 5.000 5.000 5.000
K102 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Volatile
•Toluene 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
•Total Xylenes 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
Semi volatile
•*• 2-Nltrophenol 3 4.760 4.760 4.760 4.760
•Phenol 1.640 1.640 1.640 1.640
Average
Treated
Waste Variability
Concentration Factor
(mg/kg) (Vf)
0.010 2.80
O.OOS 2.80
1.050 2.80
5.000 2.80
1.500 2.80
1.500 2.80
4.760 2.80
1.640 2.80
Treatment
Standard
(Rig/kg)
(Average
x VF)
0.028
0.014
2.9
14
4.2
4.2
13
4.6
a - Accuracy Correction Factors and Variability Factors Mere determined as discussed In Appendix A.
• - Not proposed for regulation.
••• - Not on BOAT List.
1 - The average percent recovery for volatile! was used In the calculation of the this standard.
2 - The average percent recovery for semlvolatlles was used In the calculation of the this standard.
3 - Percent recovery of 4-Nltrophenol was used In the calculation of the standard for 2-Nitrophenol.
-------
Table 7-2 Regulated Constituents and Calculated Treatment Standards for Inorganics in F006 Nonwastewaters
Average
concentration
Variability
factor
Treatment
standard
Accuracy Corrected Constituents Concentrations in Treated Leachate
Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium
.
0.01 0.46
0.06 0.09
0.01
0.01 0.3S
0.01 0.44
0.01 1.4
0.01
-
0.017 0.55
3.9 6.9
•• •• •• 0.066 3.8
(mg/l)
Lead
.
0.39
0.34
0.23
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.40
0.29
0.35
1.5
0.53
Nickel
0.04
0.03
0.26
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.02
0.066
4.7
0.31
•• - Deferred for proposed regulation until later date.
-------
Table 7-3 Regulated Constituent* and Calculated Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewatera
BOAT Constituent
Semi vol at lies
•**2-MltroaniUne * 1
***2-Mitrophenol * 2
Metals
Antimony
i
en
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
Average
Accuracy-Corrected Concentration (ma/l) Treated
Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Waste Variability
Set *1 Set «2 Set *3 Set #4 Set *5 Set «6 Concentration Factor
(mg/l) (VF)
0.095 0.095 0.095 0.095 •-• --- 0.095 2.80
0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 2.80
0.291 1.400 0.359 0.293 0.308 --- 0.530 3.842
0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 •-- 0.085 2.80
0.006 0.035 0.030 0.012 0.030 --- 0.023 4.783
0.001 0.004 0.009 0.004 0.006 --- 0.005 5.400
Treatment
Standard
(mg/l)
(Average
x VF)
0.27
0.028
2.0
0.24
0.11
0.027
• - 2-Nitroanlline is proposed for regulation in K101 only. 2-Nitrophenol IB proposed for regulation in K102 only.
•* - Deferred for proposed regulation until later date.
••• - Not on BOAT list.
1 - The average percent recovery of all semivolatiles was used in the calculation of the standard for 2-Nitroaniline.
2 - Percent recovery of 4-Nltrophenoi was used In the calculation of the standard for 2-Nltrophenol.
3 - Performance data for metals were transferred from 0004 (see Section 5 of the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004).
-------
factor of 1.0. A variability factor of 1.0 represents test data from a
process measured without variation and analytical interferences. Instead
of using the calculated value of 1.0, the variability factors for
2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol were fixed at 2.8 as justified in
Appendix A of this document.
7.4 Calculating the Treatment Standards
The treatment standards for the selected constituents were calculated
by multiplying the variability factors by the average concentration
values for the treated waste. The treatment standards for K101/K102
nonwastewaters are presented in Tables 7-1 and 7-2. The treatment
standards for K101/K102 wastewaters are presented in Table 7-3.
7.4.1 Nonwastewaters
No performance data were available for the treatment of metals in
K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. The Agency, therefore, decided to transfer
performance data from the treatment of wastes that were determined to be
similar to K101 and K102 nonwastewaters based on waste characteristics
affecting performance. The nonwastewater performance data for K101 and
K102 were transferred from treatment data for EPA hazardous waste code
F006. Table 7-2 provides treatment standards for proposed regulated
constituents in F006. The concentrations of metals in the untreated F006
waste were compared to metal concentrations in K101/K102 nonwastewaters.
Data from F006 were transferred on a metal-specific basis, provided the
concentration of metal in the untreated F006 was greater than in the
untreated K101 and K102. In this manner performance data were
7-7
-------
transferred for four out of nine proposed metals in K101 and K102
nonwastewaters. These metals are as follows: cadmium, chromium, lead,
and nickel. Performance data for the three deferred metals, antimony,
arsenic, and barium, were not transferred from F006 either because the
constituents existed at much higher concentrations in the untreated K101
and K102 nonwastewaters than in untreated F006 nonwastewater or because
F006 performance data did not show significant treatment. The Agency is
investigating other treatment techniques for these three metals, and is
reserving the antimony, arsenic, and barium standards for a future date.
The BOAT nonwastewater treatment standards for waste code K101 and
K102 are as follows:
Constituent
2-Nitroanilinea
2-Nitrophenolb
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Total composition
(ing/ kg)
14
13
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
TCLP
(mg/i )
NA
NA
deferred
deferred
deferred
0.066
5.2
0.51
0.32
NA = Not applicable
^Regulated in K101 only.
bRegulated in K102 only.
The Agency has also calculated treatment standards for BOAT list
organics that are present in untreated K101 in lower concentrations than
7-8
-------
2-nitroaniline, and in untreated K102 that are present at lower
concentrations than 2-nitrophenol (see Table 7-1). These calculated
standards are as follows:
Treatment standard
Organic constituent K101 K102
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
Acetone
Toluene
Aniline
Total Xylenes
Phenol
0.028
0.014
2.9
NR
NR
NR
4.2
NR
4.2
4.6
NR = Not regulated since it is not present at treatable levels.
If the Agency considers regulating BOAT list organics that are
present in untreated K101 and K102 at lower concentration levels than
2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol, then acetone, toluene, and aniline in
K101, and toluene, total xylenes, and phenol in K102 would be the
constituents under consideration.
7.4.2 Wastewaters
No performance data were available for the treatment of K101 and K102
wastewaters. The Agency, therefore, decided to transfer performance data
from the treatment of wastes that were determined to be similar to K101
and K102 wastewaters based on waste characteristics affecting
performance. The wastewater performance data for waste codes K101 and
K102 were transferred from treatment data for D004. Table 7-3 provides
treatment standards for proposed regulated metals in D004. The
7-9
-------
concentrations of metals in the untreated characteristic waste D004 and
K101/K102 wastewaters were compared, and performance data from D004 were
transferred to K101 and K102 on a metal-specific basis, provided the
concentration of the metal in the untreated characteristic waste D004 was
greater than in untreated K101 and K102. In this manner, performance
data were transferred for four of the five proposed metals in K101 and
K102 wastewaters, namely, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury.
Performance data for antimony, the other regulated metal in K101 and K102
wastewaters, were not transferred from D004 because antimony existed at a
much higher concentration in the untreated K101 and K102 wastewaters than
in untreated D004 wastewaters. (See the Onsite Engineering Report for
Salsbury Laboratories for D004). Therefore, the Agency reserves the
antimony standard for a future date.
The BOAT wastewater treatment standards for K101 and K102 are as
follows:
Constituent Total composition (mg/1)
2-Nitroanilinea
2-Nitrophenolb
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
0.27
0.028
deferred
2.0
0.24
0.11
0.027
^Regulated in K101 only.
bRegulated in K102 only.
7-10
-------
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No.
68-01-7053 and by Jacobs Engineering, acting as a subcontractor to Versar
Inc. Mr. James Berlow, Chief, Treatment Technology Section, Waste
Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the
preparation of this document and the development of treatment standards
for the K101 and K102 Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry Wastes. The
Technical Project Officer for the waste was Mr. Juan Baez-Martinez. Mr.
Steven Silverman served as legal advisor.
Versar personnel involved with preparing this document included Mr.
Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Ms. Justine Alchowiak, quality assurance
officer; Mr. David Pepson, senior technical reviewer; and Ms. Juliet
Crumrine, technical editor.
Jacobs personnel included Mr. Alan Corson, Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Manager; Mr. Ramesh Maraj, Project Manager; Ms. Desire Lege,
engineering team leader; and Ms. Rosetta Swann, Project Secretary.
The K101/K102 treatment test was executed at the John Zink Company,
Tulsa, Oklahoma. Field sampling for the test was conducted under the
leadership of Mr. William Myers of Versar; laboratory coordination was
provided by Mr. Jay Bernarding, also of Versar.
We greatly appreciated the cooperation of Salsbury Laboratories,
Charles City, Iowa, in providing the test samples of the K101 and K102
wastes, and the individual companies and trade associations that
submitted detailed information to the U.S. EPA.
8-1
-------
9. REFERENCES
Ackerman, D.G., McGaughey, J.F., and Wagoner, D.E. 1983. At sea
incineration of PCB-containinq wastes on board the M/T Vulcanus.
USEPA 600/7-83-024.
Ajax Floor Products Corp. n.d. Product literature: technical data
sheets, Hazardous Waste Disposal System. P.O. Box 161, Great
Meadows, N.J. 07838.
Austin, G.T. 1984. Shreve's chemical process industries. 5th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bishop, P.L., Ransom, S.B., and Grass, D.L. 1983. Fixation mechanisms
in solidification/stabilization of inorganic hazardous wastes. In
Proceedings of the 38th Industrial Waste Conference. 10-12 May 1983.
at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Bonner, T.A., et al. 1981. Engineering handbook for hazardous waste
incineration. SW889. NTIS PB 81-248163. Prepared by Monsanto
Research Corporation for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Cherry, K.F. 1982. Plating waste treatment, pp. 45-67.Ann Arbor, Mich:
Ann Arbor Science, Inc.
Conner, J.R. 1986. Fixation and solidification of wastes. Chemical
Engineering. Nov. 10, 1986.
Cullinane, M.J., Jr., Jones, L.W., and Malone, P.G. 1986. Handbook for
Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste. U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station. EPA Report No. 540/2-86/001.
Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Cushnie, G.C., Jr. 1984. Removal of metals from wastewater:
Neutralization and precipitation, pp. 55-97. Park Ridge, N.J.:
Noyes Publications
Cushnie, G.C., Jr. 1985. Electroplating wastewater pollution control
technology, pp. 48-62, 84-90. Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications
CWM. 1987. Chemical Waste Management. Technical note 87-117,
Stabilization treatment of selected metal-containing wastes.
September 22, 1987. Chemical Waste Management, 150 West 137th
Street, Riverdale, 111.
Electric Power Research Institute. 1980. FGD sludge disposal manual,
2nd ed. Prepared by Michael Baker Jr., Inc. EPRI CS-1515 Project
1685-1. Palo Alto, Calif.: Electric Power Research Institute.
9-1
-------
Gurnham, C.F. 1955. Principles of industrial waste treatment.
pp. 224-234. New York: John Wiley and Sons
Kirk Othmer. 1980. Floculation. In Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology. 3rd ed. Wol. 10, pp. 489-516. New York: John Willy and
Sons.
Mishuck, E., Taylor, D.R., Telles, R., and Lubowitz, H. 1984.
Encapsulation/Fixation (E/F) mechanisms. Report No.
DRXTH-TE-CR-84298. Prepared by S-Cubed under Contract No.
DAAK11-81-C-0164.
Mitre Corp. 1983. Guidance manual for waste incinerator permits.
NTIS PB84-100577.
Novak, R.G., Troxler, W.L., and Dehnke, T.H. 1984. Recovering energy
from hazardous waste incineration. Chemical Engineering Progress
91:146.
Oppelt, E.T. 1987. Incineration of hazardous waste. JAPCA. Vol. 37,
No. 5. May 1987.
Pojasek, R.B. 1979. Sol id-waste disposal: Solidification. Chemical
Engineering 86(17):141-145.
Santoleri, J.J. 1983. Energy recovery—A by-product of hazardous waste
incineration systems. In Proceedings of the 15th Mid- Atlantic
Industrial Waste Conference on Toxic and Hazardous Waste, 1983.
USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station. Guide to the disposal of chemically
stabilized and solidified waste. Prepared for MERL/ORD under
Interagency Agreement No. EPA-IAG-D4-0569. PB81-181505. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
USEPA. 1983. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatability
manual, Vol. Ill, Technology for control/removal of pollutants, pp.
111.3.1.3-2. EPA-600/2-82-001C, January 1983.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for F001-F005 Spent
Solvents, Vol. 1. EPA/530-SW-86-056.
USEPA. 1986a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Test methods for
evaluating solid waste SW-846, 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
9-2
-------
USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Generic quality
assurance project plan for land disposal restrictions program
("BOAT"). EPA/530-SW--87-011. Washington D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite engineering
report of treatment technology performance and operation for John
Zink Company for K101 - Tulsa, Okalhoma
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite engineering
report of treatment technology performance and operation for John
Zink Company for K102 - Tulsa, Okalhoma
USEPA. 1988c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite engineering
report of treatment technology performance and operation for Salsbury
Laboratories - Charles City, Louisana
USEPA. 1988d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. BOAT background
document for F006.
Vogel, G., et al. 1986. Incineration and cement kiln capacity for
hazardous waste treatment. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual
Research Symposium. Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous
Wastes. Cincinnati, Ohio.
9-3
-------
APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL METHODS
A.1 F Value Determination for ANOVA Test
As noted in Section 1.2, EPA is using the statistical method known as
analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the level of performance that
represents "best" treatment where more than one technology is
demonstrated. This method provides a measure of the differences between
data sets.
If the Agency found that the levels of performance for one or more
technologies are not statistically different (i.e., the data sets are
homogeneous), EPA would average the long-term performance values achieved
by each technology and then multiply this value by the largest
variability factor associated with any of the acceptable technologies.
If EPA found that one technology performs significantly better (i.e., the
data sets are not homogeneous), the "best" technology would be the
technology that achieves the best level of performance, i.e., the
technology with the lowest mean value.
To determine whether any or all of the treatment performance data
sets are homogeneous using the analysis of variance method, it is
necessary to compare a calculated "F value" to what is known as a
"critical value." (See Table A-l.) These critical values are available
in most statistics texts (see, for example, Statistical Concepts and
Methods by Bhattacharyya and Johnson, 1977, John Wiley Publications,
New York).
A-l
-------
Table A-l
95th PERCENTILE VALUES FOR
THE F DISTRIBUTION
degrees of freedom for numerator
degrees of freedom for denominator
(shaded area = .96)
r.§»
V
"A
I
\
!
,
:
c
'
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1?
18
19
20
an
Si
26
28
30
40
50
60
70
80
100
150
200
400
n
i
^
161.4
1S.51
10.13
7.71
6.61
5.99
5.59
i •>•>
w.w^
5.12
4.96
4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54
4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35
4.30
4.26
4.23
4.20
4.17
4.08
4.03
4.00
3.98
3.96
3.94
3.91
3.89
3.86
3.84
2
199.5
19.00
9.55
6.94
5.79
5.14
4.74
4.4G
4.26
4.10
3.98
3.89
3.S1
3.74
3.68
3.63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3.49
3.44
3.40
3.37
3.34
3.32
3.23
3.18
3.15
3.13
3.11
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.02
2.99
3
215.7
19.16
9.28
6.59
5.41
4.76
4.35
4.07
5.86
3.71
3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29
3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10
3.05
3.01
2.98
2.95
2.92
2.84
2.79
2.76
2.74
2.72
2.70
2.67
2.65
2.62
2.60
4
224.6
19.25
9.12
6.39
5.19
4.53
4.12
3.84
3.C3
3.48
3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.S2
2.78
2.74
2.71
2.69
2.61
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.43
2.41
2.39
2.37
6
230.2
19.30
9.01
6.26
5.05
4.39
3.97
3.69
3.48
3.33
3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.85
2.81
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.66
2.62
2.59
2.56
2.53
2.45
2.40
2^7
2.35
2.33
2.30
2^7
2.26
2^3
2JZ1
6
234.0
19.33
8.94
6.16
4.95
4.28
3.87
3.58
3.37
3.22
3.09
3.00
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60
2.55
2.51
2.47
2.45
2.42
2.34
5Lj?9
2JZ5
ZJZ3
221
2.19
2.16
2.14
2.12
2.09
8
238.9
19.37
8.85
6.04
4.82
4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07
2.95
2.85
2.77
2.70
2.64
2.59
2.55
2.51
2.48
2.45
2.40
2.36
2.32
2^9
2J7
2.18
2.13
2JIO
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
12
243.9
19.41
8.74
5.91
4.68
4.00
3.57
3.28
3.07
2.91
2.79
2.69
2.60
2.53
2.48
2.42
2.38
2.34
2.31
2.28
2JB
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.00
1.95
1.92
1.89
1.88
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.75
16
246.3
19.43
8.69
5.84
4.60
3.92
3.49
3.20
2.98
2.82
2.70
2.60
2.51
2.44
2.39
2.33
IL29
2.25
2JJ1
2.18
2J3
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.90
1.85
1.81
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.71
1.69
1.67
1.64
20
248.0
19.45
8.66
5.80
4.56
3.87
3.44
3.15
2.93
2.77
2.65
2.54
2.46
2.39
2.33
2.28
ZJ23
2.19
2.15
2.12
2.07
2.03
1.99
1.96
1.93
1.84
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.70
1.68
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.57
30
250.1
19.46
8.62
5.75
4.50
3.81
3.38
3.08
2.86
2.70
2.57
2.46
2.38
2.31
2^!5
2.20
2.15
2.11
2.07
2.04
1.98
1.94
1.90
1.S7
1.84
1.74
1.69
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.52
1.49
1.46
40
251.1
19.46
8.60
5.71
4.46
3.77
3.34
3.05
2.82
2.67
2.53
2.42
2.34
2.27
o 01
2.16
2.11
2.07
2.02
1.99
1.93
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.79
1.69
1.63
1.59
1.56
1.54
1.51
1.47
1.46
1.42
1.40
50
os*> *>
19.47
8.58
5.70
4.44
3.75
3.32
3.03
2.80
2.64
2.50
2.40
2.32
2^4
2.18
2.13
2.08
2.04
2.00
1.96
1.91
1.86
1.82
1.78
1.76
1.66
1.60
1.56
1.53
1.51
1.48
1.44
1.42
1.38
1.32
100
253.0
19.49
8.56
5.6C
4.40
3.71
3.2S
2.98
2.76
2.59
2.45
2.35
2.26
2.19
2.12
2.07
2.02
1.98
1.94
1.90
1.84
1.80
1.76
1.72
1.69
1.59
1.52
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.39
1.34
1.32
1.28
1.24
m
25;.3
19.50
6.53
5.63
4.36
3.67
3.23
2.93
2.71
2.5;
2.40
2.30
2.21
2.13
2.07
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.8S
1.8;
1.78
1.73
1.69
1.65
1.62
1.51
1.44
1.39
1.35
1.32
1.28
1.22
1.19
1.13
1.00
A-2
-------
Where the F value is less than the critical value, all treatment data
sets are homogeneous. If the F value exceeds the critical value, it is
necessary to perform a "pair wise F" test to determine if any of the sets
are homogeneous. The "pair wise F" test must be done for all of the
various combinations of data sets using the same method and equation as
the general F test.
The F value is calculated as follows:
(i) All data are natural logtransformed.
(ii) The sum of the data points for each data set is computed (T.).
(iii) The statistical parameter known as the sum of the squares
between data sets (SSB) is computed:
k
A
Tj
TT~
SSB =
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n^ = number of data points for technology i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T-j = sum of natural logtransformed data points for each technology.
(iv) The sum of the squares within data sets (SSW) is computed:
.2
i\. "in ^ ' '
SSW =
where:
.j
k ni
I I
k
- I
n
the natural logtransformed observations (j) for treatment
technology (i).
A-3
-------
(v) The degrees of freedom corresponding to SSB and SSW are
calculated. For SSB, the degree of freedom is given by k-1. For SSW,
the degree of freedom is given by N-k.
(vi) Using the above parameters, the F value is calculated as
follows:
MSB
F = MSW
where:
MSB = SSB/(k-1) and
MSW = SSW/(N-k).
A computational table summarizing the above parameters is shown below.
Computational Table for the F Value
Source
Between
Within
Degrees of
freedom
k-1
N-k
Sum of
squares
SSB
SSW
Mean square
MSB = SSB/k-1
MSW = SSW/N-k
F value
MSB/MSW
Below are three examples of the ANOVA calculation. The first two
represent treatment by different technologies that achieve statistically
similar treatment; the last example represents a case in which one
technology achieves significantly better treatment than the other
technology.
A-4
-------
1790g
Example 1
Methylene Chloride
Steam stripping Biological treatment
Influent tffluent In(effluent) [ln(eff luent)]2 Influent tffluent In(effluent)
(»»g/l) (M9/D Ug/1) (eg/I)
Sum:
[ln(ef f luent)]
1SSO.OO
1290.00
1640.00
5100.00
1450.00
4600.00
1760.00
2400.00
4800.00
12100.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
12.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.48
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
5.29
5.29
5.29
6.15
b.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
1960.00
2568.00
1817.00
1640.00
3907.00
10.00 2.30
10.00 2.30
10.00 2.30
26.00 3.26
10.00 2.30
5.29
5.29
5.29
10.63
5.29
23.18
53.76
12.46
31.79
Sample Sue:
10 10
Mean:
3669
10.2
Standard Deviation:
3328.67 .63
Variability factor:
10
2.32
.06
2378
923.04
1.15
13.2
7.15
2.48
2.49
.43
ANOVA Calculations:
SSB
SSU =
MSB = SSB/(k-l)
HSU = SSU/(N-k)
II")
N
1*2
-M-l
1=1 I nj J
A-5
-------
1790g
Example 1 (Continued)
F = HSB/MSW
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = number of natural logtransformed data points for all technologies
T. = sum of logtransformed data points for each technology
X - the nat. logtransformed observations (j) for treatment technology (0
n = 10. n = 5. N = 15. k = 2. T = 23.18. T = 12.46. T = 35.64. T = 1270.21
I = 537.31 T = 155.25
SSB -
10
SSU = (53.76 + 31.79) -
MSB = 0.10/1 = 0.10
MSw = 0.77/13 = 0.06
F = = 1.67
0.06
1270.21
15
537.31 155.25
10
- 0.10
= 0.77
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom
Between(B) 1
Uithin(W) 13
SS MS F value
0.10 0.10 1.67
0.7/ 0.06
The critical value of the f test at the 0.05 significance level is 4,67. Since
the K value is less than the critical value, the means are not signit icanl ly
different (i.e.. they arc homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
A-6
-------
1790g
Cxample 2
Irichloroethylene
Steam stripping
Inf luent
(M9/1)
1650.00
5?00.00
5000.00
1720.00
IbbO.OO
10300.00
210.00
1600.00
204.00
160.00
Effluent
Ug/i)
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
27.00
85.00
10.00
ln(ef fluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
3.30
4.44
2.30
[In(effluent)]2
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
10.69
19.71
5.29
Influent
Ug/i)
200.00
224.00
134.00
150.00
484.00
163.00
162.00
Biological treatment
Effluent
Ug/D
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
16.25
10.00
10.00
ln(eff luent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2./9
2.30
2.30
[In(effluent)]2
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
/./b
5.29
5.29
Sum:
Sample Size:
10 10
Mean:
2/60
19.2
Standard Deviation:
3209.6 23.7
Varidbi I iLy Factor:
3.70
26.14
10
2.61
.71
72.92
220
120.5
10.89
2.36
1.53
16.59
2.37
.19
39.52
ANOVA Calculations:
SSB --
I f T*2
i-1 [ n~
[ f *, T'
1 1=1
)'l
[ N J
F k n; , I k f Tj2 1
SSU - Z Z x2j.j - 2 J_
[ i^l j^l lj J 1^1 ( nj J
MSB = SSB/(k-l)
HSU - SSU/(N-k)
A-7
-------
1790g
Example 2 (Continued)
F ^ MSB/MSW
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n - number of data points for technology i
i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T = sum of natural logtransformed data points for each technology
X - the natural logtransformcd observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
ij
N = 10, N = 7. N - 17. k - 2. 1 - 26.14. I - 1C.59. 1 - 42.73. I?- 1825.85. T* - 683.30.
T = 275.23
SSB -
683.30 275.23
10
1825.85
17
= 0.25
SSW= (72.92 + 39.52) -
10
= 4.79
MSB = 0.25/1 = 0.25
HSU = 4.79/15 = 0.32
F=!^_=0.78
0.32
ANOVA Table
Source
Between(B)
Within(U)
Degrees of
freedom
1
15
SS MS F value
0.25 0.25 0.78
4.79 0.3?
Ihe critical value of the f test at the O.Ob significance level is 4.M. Since
the F value is less than the critical value, the means arc not significantly
different (i.e.. they are homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
A-8
-------
1790g
Example 3
Chlorobenzene
Activated sludge followed by carbon adsorption
Riolociic.il treatment
Influent
Ug/1)
Effluent
Ug/D
In(effluent) [ln(eff luent)]'
Influent
Ug/D
Effluent
Ug/1)
In(effluent)
ln[(effluent)|2
7200.00
6500.00
6075.00
3040.00
80.00
70.00
35.00
10.00
4.38
4.25
3.56
2.30
19.18
18.06
12.67
5.29
9206.00
16646.00
49775.00
14731.00
3159.00
6756.00
3040.00
1083.00
709.50
460.00
142.00
603.00
153.00
17.00
6.99
6.56
6.13
4.96
6.40
5.03
2.83
48.86
43.03
3/.5B
24.60
40.96
25.30
8.01
Sum:
Sample Size:
4 4
14.49
55.20
38.90
228.34
Hean:
5703
49
Standard Oevialion:
1835.4 32.24
VariabiIily Factor:
3.62
.95
14759
16311.86
7.00
452.5
379.04
15.79
5.56
1.42
ANOVA
SSb -
Calculations
* [ Ti2
i-l I n.
-
[ ( ,1, "
I2
N
ssw = [ 1 S;x2,.j] -1 (Li!)
L 1=1 J=l lj J 1=1 I nj J
MSB = SSB/(k-l)
MSW = SSU/(N-k)
f - MSB/MSU
A-9
-------
1790g
where.
Example 3 (Continued)
k = number of treatment technologies
n - number of data points for technology i
i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T = sum of natural logtransformed data points for each technology
i
X - the natural logtransformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
>J
N = 4. N = 7. N = 11. k = 2. T = 14.49. T = 38.90. T = 53.39. T?= 2850.49. T? = 209.96
- 1513.?!
209.96 1513.21
SSB -
SSW = (55.20 + 228.34)
- 9.52
= 14.88
MSB = 9.52/1 = 9.52
MSU - 14.88/9 - 1.65
f = 9.S2/1.65 = 5.77
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom
SS
HS
F value
Bctwccn(B)
Uithin(U)
1
9
9.53
14.89
9.53
1.65
5.77
The critical value of the F tost at the 0.05 significance level is 5.17. Since
the F value is larger than the critical value, the means are significantly
different (i.e., they are heterogeneous). Activated sludge followed by carbon
adsorption is "best" in this example because the mean of the long-term performance
value, i.e., the effluent concent nit ion. is lower.
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. (Jesuits may differ depending
upon the number of decimal places used in each step of Inn calculations.
A-10
-------
A.2 Variability Factor
C99
VF = Mean
where:
VF = estimate of daily maximum variability factor determined
from a sample population of daily data;
Cgg = estimate of performance values for which 99 percent of the
daily observations will be below. Cgq is calculated
using the following equation: Cgg = Exp(y + 2.33 Sy)
where y and Sy are the mean and standard deviation,
respectively, of the logtransformed data; and
Mean = average of the individual performance values.
EPA is establishing this figure as an instantaneous maximum because
the Agency believes that on a day-to-day basis the waste should meet the
applicable treatment standards. In addition, establishing this
requirement makes it easier to check compliance on a single day. The
99th percentile is appropriate because it accounts for almost all process
variability.
In several cases, all the results from analysis of the residuals from
BOAT treatment are found at concentrations 'less than the detection
limit. In such cases, all the actual concentration values are considered
unknown and, hence, cannot be used to estimate the variability factor of
the analytical results. Below is a description of EPA's approach for
calculating the variability factor for such cases with all concentrations
below the detection limit.
It has been postulated as a general rule that a lognormal
distribution adequately describes the variation among concentrations. •
Agency data show that the treatment residual concentrations are
A-ll
-------
distributed approximately lognormally. Therefore, the lognormal model
has been used routinely in the EPA development of numerous regulations in
the Effluent Guidelines program and is being used in the BOAT program.
The variability factor (VF) was defined as the ratio of the 99th
percentile (C ) of the lognormal distribution to its arithmetic mean
(Mean), as follows:
VF = C99. (1)
Mean
The relationship between the parameters of the lognormal distribution
and the parameters of the normal distribution created by taking the
natural logarithms of the lognormally distributed concentrations can be
found in most mathematical statistics texts (see, for example,
Distribution in Statistics-Volume 1 by Johnson and Kotz, 1970). The mean
of the lognormal distribution can be expressed in terms of the
mean (^) and standard deviation (a) of the normal distribution as
follows:
Cgg = Exp (» + 2.33a) (2)
Mean = Exp (M + 0.5a2). (3)
By substituting (2) and (3) in (1), the variability factor can then
be expressed in terms of a as follows:
VF = Exp (2.33 a - 0.5a2). (4)
For residuals with concentrations that are not all below the
detection limit, the 99th percentile and the mean can be estimated from
the actual analytical data and, accordingly, the variability factor (VF)
can be estimated using equation (1). For residuals with concentrations
A-12
-------
that are below the detection limit, the above equations can be used in
conjunction with the following assumptions to develop a variability
factor.
• Assumption 1: The actual concentrations follow a lognormal
distribution. The upper limit (UL) is equal to the detection
limit. The lower limit (LL) is assumed to be equal to one-tenth
of the detection limit. This assumption is based on the fact that
data from well-designed and well-operated treatment systems
generally fall within one order of magnitude.
• Assumption 2: The natural logarithms of the concentrations have
a normal distribution with an upper limit equal to In (UL) and a
lower limit equal to In (LL).
• Assumption 3: The standard deviation (u) of the normal
distribution is approximated by:
a = [ln(UL) - ln(LL)] / [(2)(2.33)]
= [ln(UL/LLJ] / 4.66. (5)
(Note that when LL = (0.1)(UL) as in Assumption 1, then
a = (InlO) / 4.66 = 0.494.)
Substitution of the a value from equation (5) into equation (4)
yields the variability factor, VF, as shown:
VF = 2.8. (6)
A-13
-------
APPENDIX B
ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
The analytical methods used for analysis of the regulated
constituents identified in Section 5 are listed in Table B-l. SW-846
methods (EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste; Physical/Chemical
Methods. SW-846. Third Edition, November 1986) are used in most cases for
determining total waste concentrations.
Deviations from SW-846 methods required to analyze the sample matrix
are listed in Table B-2. These deviations are approved methods for
determining constituent concentrations. SW-846 also allows for the use
of alternative or equivalent procedures or equipment; these are described
in Tables B-3 through B-6. These alternatives or equivalents included
use of alternative sample preparation methods and/or use of different
extraction techniques to reduce sample matrix interferences.
The accuracy determination for a constituent is based on the matrix
spike recovery values. Table B-7 presents the matrix spike recovery
values for total waste concentrations of 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol
for K101 and K102, respectively, for the EPA-collected data. Because
2-nitroaniline matrix spike recoveries were not collected, the average of
the percent recoveries equal to or greater than 20 percent for all
semivolatiles was used as the percent recovery for 2-nitroaniline. Since
matrix spike recoveries for 2-nitrophenol were not available, the percent
recoveries for the isomer 4-nitrophenol were used.
B-l
-------
The accuracy-correction factors for the regulated constituents for
the treatment residuals are presented in Table B-7 through B-9. The
accuracy-correction factors were determined in accordance with the
general methodology presented in the Introduction. For example, for
2-nitroaniline, the average of the actual spike recovery data for all
semivolatiles obtained for the analysis of liquid matrices and the lowest
average percent recovery value was used to calculate the
accuracy-correction factor. An example of the calculation of the
corrected concentration value for 2-nitroaniline is shown below.
Analytical Average Correction Corrected
value % recovery factor value
2.0 mg/kg 40 100 = 2.50 2.50 x 2.0 mg/kg = 5.000 mg/kg
40
B-2
-------
Table B-1 Analytical Methods for Regulated Constituents
Regulated Constituent
Analytical Method
Method Number
Reference
Semivolatiles
2-Nitroaniline
2-Nitrophenol
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Zinc
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Continuous Liquid/Liquid 3520
Extraction
Soxhlet Extraction 3540
Gas Chromatography/Mass 8270
Soectrometry Column
Technique
Acid Digestion of Aqueous 3010
Samples and Extracts for
Total Metals for Analysis
by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AA) or
Induetivity Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)
Acid Digestion of Aqueous 3020
Samples and Extracts for
Total Metals for Analysis
by Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AA)
Acid Digestion of Sediments, 3050
Sludges, and Soils
Acid Digestion for Metals 3060
•
Inductively Coupled Plasma 6010
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Lead (AA, Furnace 7421
Technique)
Mercury in Liquid Waste 7471
(Manual Cold-Vapor Technique)
Selenium (AA, Furnace 7740
Technique)
1 • Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste. Third Edition. U. S. EPA. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. November 1986.
2 • Environmental Protection Agency. 1982. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste. Second Edition. U. S. EPA. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. September 1982.
B-3
-------
Table B-2 Deviations from SU-846
Analysis
Method
SV-646 specifications
Deviation from SV-646
Rationale for deviation
1. Acid Digestion for 3010
metals analyzed 3020
Digest 100 ml of sample In
a conical beaker.
Initial sample volume of
SO ml is digested In Griffin
straight-side beakers. All
acids and peroxides are
halved.
Sample volume and reagents
are reduced In half;
therefore, time required to
reduce sample to near
dryness Is reduced.
However, this procedures
produces no Impact on the
precision and accuracy of
the data.
CO
1 Selenium
Digestion
7740 Plpet S ml of digested
solution Into 10 ml
volumetric flank; add I ml
of the IX nickel nitrate
solution and dilute to
10 ml with Type II water. An
aliquot Is then Injected into
the instrument.
Dlgestate Is brought to
original volume and the
nickel nitrate solution Is
added at the time of
analysis. One ml of sample
digestate and standards have
0.02 ml of SX NINO,
solution added to them.
Ihls procedure reduces time
required to complete dilution
procedure and produces no
Impact on the precision and
accuracy of the data. Ihls
procedure also allows the
laboratory to store only the
concentrated digestates.
Ontlte Engineering Report for John Zlnk Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
for K101 and K102. Table 6-6.
-------
Table 8-3 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Extraction of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SU-846 Methods
Analysts
SW-846 method
Sample aliquot
Alternatives or equivalents allowed
by SW-846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Purge and I rap
S030 S •Illillters of liquid
I gram of solid
The purge and trap device to be
used Is specified in the method In
Figure 1. the desorber to be used
Is described in Figures 2 and 3.
and the packing materials are
described In Section 4.10.2. Ihe
method allows equivalents of this
equipment or materials to be used.
Ihe purge and trap equipment and
the desorber used were as specified
In SW-846. Ihe purge and trap
equipment Is a Teckmar ISC-? with
Standard purging chamberf (Supclco
cat. 2-0293). The packing materials
for the traps were 1/3 silica gel
and 2/3 2.6-dlphenylene.
CO
I
The method specifies that the
trap must be at least 25 cm long
and have an Inside diameter of at
least O.IOS cm.
The length of the trap was 30 cm
and the diameter was O.IOS cm.
Ihe surrogates recommended are
Ioluene-d8.4-bromofluorobeniene.
and l.2-dichloroeth*ne-d4. The
reconrnended concentration level Is
50
The surrogates were added as
specified In SW-846
Continuous liquid-
Liquid Extraction
3520
1 liter of Dqutd
Acid and base/neutral extracts
are usually combined before
analysis by GC/HS. Under some
situations, however, they may
be extracted and analyied
separately.
Acid and base/neutral extracts
were combined.
Ihe base/neutral surrogates
reconrnended are 2-f luoroblphenyl,
nltrobenrene-dS. terphenyl-dl4.
The acid surrogates recommended
are 2-fluorophenol.
2.4.6-trIbromophenol, and
phenol-d6. Additional compounds
Surrogates were the same as those
recomnended by SU-846. with the
exception that phenol-dS was
substituted for pheno1-d6. The
concentrations used were the
concentrations recomnended In SW-846.
-------
Table 8-3 (Continued)
Analysis
SW-846 Mthod
Sample aliquot
Alternatives or equivalents allowed
by SW-846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Continuous Liquid-
liquid txtraclion
(Cont inued)
may be used for surrogates, the
recommended concentrations for
low-medium concent rat Ion level
samples are 100 ppm for acid
surrogates and ?00 ppm for
bate/neutral surrogates. Volume
of surrogate may be adjusted.
Soihlet Extraction 3540
I gran of solid
The recommended surrogates
and their concentrations are
the same as for Method 3S20.
The surrogates used and their
concentration levels are the same
as for Method 35ZO.
co
Sample grinding may be required
for sample not passing through a
I nra standard sieve or a I on
opening.
• Sample grinding was not required.
• - Onalte Engineering Report for John Zlnk Company. Tulaa, Oklahoma.
for K101 and K102. Table 6-7.
-------
Table B-4 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used In Extraction of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives to SU-846 Methods Are Allowed by Approval of EPA Character!tat ion
and Assessment Division
Analysis
SU-846 Method Sample Aliquot
SU 646 SpecifIcttion
Specific Procedures Allowed by
Approval of EPA-CAD
Continuous Liquid/ 3520
liquid Ixtfaction
or
Soxhlet Extraction 3540
ro
i
I liter
or
I gram
The Internal standards are
prepared by-dissolutton In
carbon dtsulfide and then
diluting to such volume that
the final solvent is ?OX
carbon dlsulfide and BOX
methylene chloride.
The preparation of the Internal
standards was changed to eliminate
the use of carbon dlsulfIde. The
Internal standards were prepared
In methylene chloride only.
a - Onslte Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-5.
-------
Table B-5 Special Procedures or Equipment Used for Analysis of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SU-B46 Methods
Analysis
SW 846
method
Sample
preparatIon
method
Alternatives or equivalents
allowed in SU-846 for
equipment or In procedure
Specific equipment or procedures used
• Recommended 6C/MS operating conditions:
• Actual GO/MS operating conditions:
6a* Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
for volatile
organIcs
8240 5030
co
CO
Electron energy:
Mass range:
Scan time:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time:
Column temperature program:
Final column temperature:
Final column holding time:
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Carrier gas:
70 ev (nominal)
35-260 amu
To give 5 scans/peak but
not to exceed 7 sec/scan
45-C
3 otn
B'C/mln
200'C
IS «tn
200-225'C
According to
manufacturer's
specif Icat Ion
2SO-300'C
Hydrogen at SO cm/sec or
helium at 30 cm/sec
• The column should be 6 ft * O.I In 1.0. glass.
packed with IX SP-IOOO on Carbopack 6 (60/80 mash) or
an equivalent.
• Samples nay be analyied by purge and trap technique
or by direct injection.
Electron energy:
Mast range:
Scan time:
70 ev
3S-260 amu
2.S sec/tcan
Initial column temperature: 38*C
Initial column holding time: 2 mln
Column temperature program: 10'C/wln
Final column temperature:
Final column holding time
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Carrier gas:
2ZS-C
30 mln or xylene elutes
225'C
Manufacturer's recommended
value of 100'C
27S-C
Helium 9 30 ml/win
• Additional Information on Actual System Used:
Equipment: Flnnegan model SI00 GC/MS/OS system
Data:system SUPER I NCOS Autoquan
' Mode: Electron Impact
NBS library available
Interface to MS - Jet separator
• The column used was an 8 ft x O.I In I.D. glass.
packed with It SP-IOOO on Carbopack 8 (60/80 math).
• The samples were analyted using the purge and trap
technique.
-------
Table B-5 (Continued)
An*lysis
Sample
SU-846 preparation
method method
Alternatives or equivalents
allowed in SV 646 for
equipment or In procedure
Specific equipment or procedures used
Ga* Chromatography/
Kass Spectrometry
for temivolatlie
organic*: capillary
column technique
B? 70
3520-liquids
3520-sotlds
o?
ID
• Reconmended GC/HS operating conditions:
• Actual GC/HS operating conditions:
Hass range:
Scan tine:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding tine:
Column temperature program:
final column temperature hold
Injector temperature:
transfer line temperature:
Source temperature:
Injector:
Sample volume:
Carrier gas:
3S-SOO amu
I sec/scan
40'C
4 *tn
40-2/0-C at
10-C/Mln
2/0'C (until
benio[g.h.l.]perylene
has eluted)
250-300'C
250-300'C
According to
manufacturer's
specification
Grob-type. spittles*
1-2 »»l
Hydrogen at 50 cm/sec
or helium at 30 cm/iec
The column should be 30 • by 0.25 «m I.0.. I-|M
film thickness silicon-coated fused silica capillary
column (J&U Scientific DB-S or equivalent).
Mass range:
Scan tine:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time:
Column temperature program:
Final column temperature hold:
Injector temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Source temperature:
Injector:
Sample volume:
Carrier gas:
3S-SOO amu
I sec/scan
30'C
4 mln
8-C/mln to 275'
and 10'C/mln until
305'C
305'C
240-260-C
300'C
Manufacturer's
recommend*!Ion
(non-heated)
Grob-type. spit less
I «il of simple extract
Helium 0 40 cm/sec
• Additional Information on Actual System Used:
equipment: Flnnegan model 5 00 GC/HS/DS systc
Software Package: SUPCRINCOS AUIOQUAN
• The column used was a 30 m n 0.32 mm 1.0.
RT -S (SX phenyl methyl silicons) FSCC.
• - OnsIte Engineering Report for John Zlnk Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-8.
-------
Table B-6 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Preparation for Analysis of Metals
When Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed In the SU-846 Methods"
Analysis
SU-846
method
(quipmenl
Alternative or equivalent
allowed by SW 846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Inductively coupled
plasma atomic
emission
spectroscopy
6010 Jarre 11 Ash 1140
Operate equipment following
instructions provided by
instrument's manufacturer.
(qutpment operated using
procedures specified In the
Jarre) I Ash (JA) 1140
Operator's Manual.
For operation with organic
solvents, auxiliary argon gas
Inlet Is recommended.
Auxiliary argon gas was not
required for sample matrix.
DO
I
Metals by Furnace AA
Thallium 7B4I
Selenium 7/40
Lead 7421
(I) Perk In Elmer 3030
(2) Perk In liner SOOO II
(3) Perk In timer SOOO 12
(4) Perk In Elmer 2SBO
Operate equipment following
Instructions provided by
Instrument's manufacturer.
Equipment operated using pro-
cedures specified In (I) the Perk In
Elmer 3030 Instruction Manual.
(2) the Perk In Elmer Model SOOO
Instruction Manual, and
(3) the Perk In Elmer 2SBO
Instruction Manual.
For background correction.
use'either continuous
correction or alternatives.
e.g.. Iceman correction.
Background detection was
used. Continuous correction
on Models 2380 and SOOO 12 and
iceman on Model 3030 and SOOO
l\
If samples contain a large
amount of organic material.
they should be oxldlied by
conventional acid digestion
before being analyzed.
Samples were prepared using
acid digestion procedures
from SW-B46.
-------
Table B-6 (Continued)
An«lysis
SW-846
method
equipment
Alternative or equivalent
•(lowed by SU-B46 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Mercury
7471 Perk In C liner SOA
Operate equipment following
Instructions provided by
Instrument's manufacturer.
Equipment operated using
procedures specified In the
Perk In Elmer SOA Instructions
Manua 1.
Cold vapor apparatus Is
described In SU-846. or an
equivalent apparatus may b«
used
Sample may be prepared using
the water bath method or the
autoclave method described In
SW-846.
Mercury was analyzed by cold
vapor method using the
apparatus as specified In
SU-846 except there was no
scrubber.
Samples were prepared using
the water bath method.
- OnsIte Engineering Report for John Zlnk Company. Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-9.
-------
Semlvolatile
Table B-7 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Kiln Ash
BOAT Constituent
Original Amount
Found Spike Added
(ug/L) (ug/L)
+
Sample Set
Spike Result Percent
(ug/L) Recovery*
+
Sample Set Duplicate
Spike Added Spike Result Percent
(ug/L) (ug/L) Recovery*
Accuracy
Factor**
2-Nltroaniline++
2.50
**• 2-Nitrophenol++»
ND
200
43
22
200
42
21
4.76
ro
a - From Onsite Engineering Report of John Zink Company, Tutsa. Oklahoma for KIOI and K102. Table 6-16.
•Percent Recovery • [(Spike Result - Original Amount )/Spike Amount)] x 100.
••Accuracy Correction Factor » 100/(Percent Recovery), using the lower of the two percent recovery values.
ND » Not detected. Value assumed to be zero In calculation for percent recovery.
••• « Not on BOAT List.
+ » For the matrix spike recoveries presented: Semivolatiles from Sample Set 3.
+* « The matrix spike recovery values presented for 2-nitroanlline are actually the average of the percent recoveries greater than 20X for all semi volat lies.
•»*«• • The matrix spike recovery values presented for 2-nitrophenol are actually for the isomer 4-nitrophenol.
-------
Table B-8 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Treated 0004 Waste
CO
I
Original Amount
BOAT Constituent
Metals
155. Arsenic
158. Cadmium
161. Lead
162. Mercury
Found
(ug/l)
782
<80
<5
0.86
Spike Added
(ug/l)
2000
500
25
5
Sample Set 1
Spike Result
(ug/l)
3640
484
21
5.6
Percent,
Recovery
143
97
84
95
Sample
Spike Added
(ug/l)
2000
500
25
5
Set Duplicate 1
Spike Result
(ug/l)
3980
471
37
5.6
Percent,
Recovery
160
94
148
95
Accuracy.
Factor
0.70
1.06
1.19
1.05
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for 0004. Table 6-14.
* - Percent Recovery • [(Spike Result - Original Amount)/Spike Amount)) x 100.
•* - Accuracy Correction Factor • 100/(Percent Recovery), using the lower of the two percent recovery values.
-------
Table 8-9 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Treated F006 Waste
Original Amount
Found
BOAT Constituent (pen)
155. Arsenic
156. Bar inn
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
164. Seleniun****
168. Zinc
0.101**
0.01***
0.3737
0.2765
0.0075
2.9034
0.3494
0.2213
0.2247
0.1526
0.3226
0.2142
0.001
0.001
0.028
0.4742
0.101
0.043
0.0133
27.202
Duplicate
0.01
0.01
0.3326
0.222
0.0069
0.7555
0.4226
0.2653
0.2211
0.1462
0.3091
0.2287
0.001
0.001
0.0264
0.0859
0.12
0.053
0.0238
3.65
Actual
Spike
0.086
0.068
4.9474
5.1462
4.9010
6.5448
4.6780
4.5709
4.8494
4.9981
4.9619
4.6930
0.0034
0.0045
4.5400
4.6093
0.175
0.095
5.0910
19.818
Percent
Recovery
94.5
104.0
91.9
97.9
97.9
94.3
85.8
86.6
92.5
97.0
92.9
89.4
92.0
110.0
90.3
86.6
86.0
66.0
101.4
87.8
Accuracy
Correction
Factor •
1.06
0.96
1.09
1.02
1.02
1.06
1.17
1.15
1.08
1.03
1.08
1.12
1.09
0.91
1.11
1.15
1.16
0.96
0.99
1.14
a • Obtained from the Background Document for F006. Table 6-1.
• - Accuracy Correction Factor * 100/(Percent Recovery).
*• - At a mix ratio of 0.5.
••• - At a mix ratio of 0.2.
***• - For a mix ratio of 0.2, correction factor of 1.16 was used when correcting for selenium concentrations.
B-14
-------
APPENDIX C
DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 and K102
Table C-l through C-10 show detection limits for samples collected
during the K101 and K102 test burn.
C-l
-------
TABLE C-1 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 BACKGROUND SCRUBBER WATER, BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER,
AND FINAL QUENCH WATER-
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromotnethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2 - 0 i br omo- 3 - Ch 1 oropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1,1-0 i chloroethane
1 , 2-D i ch I oroethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethene
Trans-1 , 2-Dichloroethene
1 , 2 - D i ch I oropropane
Trans- 1 , 3-D i ch loropropene
c i s- 1 ,3 ,D i ch loropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Background
Scrubber
Water
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
45
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane(bromof orm)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloromonof luoromethane
1 , 2 , 3 - T r i ch I oropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro- 1,2,2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaninof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a ) anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,f) perylene
Benzo( k ) f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bi»(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) ph thai ate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mo/ I)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Background
Quench
Water
(ing/ 1)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-3
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84.
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Orqanics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 , 3 - D i eh I orobenzene
1 , 2 - 0 i ch I orobenzene
1 , 4-0 ich I orobenzene
3.3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-0 ich lorophenol
2 , 6-D i ch 1 orophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3'-Diinethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Oinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Oinitrotoluene
Oi-n-octyl phthalate
Di -n-propylni trosoamine
Diphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach lorobutadi ene
Hexach 1 orocyc I opentadi ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
HA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Background
Quench
Uater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.810
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-4
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
U1
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organics (cont.)
Hexach I oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
I sophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Hethanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylemine
M-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-ni troani I ine
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pent ach I oron i t robenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2.4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tri8(2,3-dibromop<*opyl) phosphate
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
MO
0.010
0.020
0.010
MA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
MO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
MO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Background
Quench
Water
(ing/ 1)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
C-5
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals • Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals • TCLP
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadiun
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sulfates
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.050
0.004
0.010
0.005
1.250
0.002
0.011
0.250
0.007
0.100
0.004
0.004
NOT
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.050
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.050
0.0002
0.011
0.050
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
ANALYZED
,
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO • Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-6
-------
TABLE C-2 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachtoride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chtoro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orod i bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3 - Ch I oropropene
1 ,2-Oibromo-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
D i bromomethane
Trans-1 ,4-Oichloro-2-Butene
D i ch lorodi f luoromethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch loroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl- Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomthane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
• .005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
0.010
0.010
0.010
6.100
C-7
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
56
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cent.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromethane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-tPif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2- Acety 1 ami nof I uorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Arami te
Beruo( a ) anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
BenzoC b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,<) perylene
B«nzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p- Benzoqu i none
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bi»(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
BU(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
500
25
NA
2000
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
NA
50
50
25
36000
36000
72000
72000
72000
36000
36000
NA
36000
NA
NO
180000
178000
36000
36000
36000
36000
NO
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.840
0.840
0.420
1.420
NA
0.420
NA
NO
2.1
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-8
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 , 3 - 0 i eh I orobenzene
1 , 2 - D i ch I orobenzene
1 , 4 -0 i ch I orobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2 , 6- D i ch I oropheno I
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3'-Oimethoxybenzidine
p-Di methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dinethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosoamine
Oiphenylamine (1)
1 , 2 , -0 < pheny Ihydrazi ne
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexach lorocyc lopentadi ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach 1 oroph ene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
36000
180000
36000
HA
36000
36000
36000
36000
HA
36000
36000
36000
ND
36000
36000
NA
NA
36000
36000
36000
72000
36000
NO
36000
36000
72000
ND
36000
36000
36000
180000
178000
178000
36000
36000
36000
36000
72000
180000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
36000
NA
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.420
2.1
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
ND
0.420
0.420
NA
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
ND
0.420
0.420
0.840
ND
0.420
0.420
0.420
2.1
2
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
2.1
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-9
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organies (cont.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4' -Methylene-bis-(2-chloroani line)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylanrine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
H-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-nitroani line
Pent ach I orobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloroni trobenzene
Pent ach 1 oropheno I
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronanide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2.4.5-TMchlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tri»(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
ND
36000
72000
36000
HA
72000
72000
ND
36000
36000
NA
180000
180000
178000
178000
178000
36000
36000
178000
ND
ND
36000
36000
36000
72000
36000
180000
72000
ND
HA
360000
178000
72000
36000
36000
HO
36000
ND
36000
HA
180000
72000
HO
36000
178000
36000
ND
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
ND
0.420
0.840
0.420
NA
0.840
0.840
ND
0.420
0.420
NA
2.1
2.1
2
2
2
0.420
0.420
2
ND
ND
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
2.1
0.840
Nl)
NA
4.2
2
0.840
0.420
0.420
HO
0.420
HD
0.420
NA
2.1
0.840
ND
0.420
2
0.420
ND
Scrubber
Wastewater
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (rng/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.02
1.1
0.5
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
3.3
100
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.02
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.033
0.200
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
9.005
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
.Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.050
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.750
0.0008
0.011
0.050
0.007
0.100
0.004
0.004
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated fron N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
MA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-ll
-------
TABLE C-3 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #2
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch 1 oromethane
Bromomethane
n- Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Oisulf ide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromotnethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chi oromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 , 2 - D i bromoethane
D i bromomethane
Trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1-Di chloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
1 ,2-Oichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodonethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
8.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
HA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Scrubber
Wastewater
(tng/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-12
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
SO
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cent.)
Methacryloni trite
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachtoroethene
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloro«thane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1 , 1 , 1 - Tr i eh I oroethane
1 , 1 , 2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof 1 uoromethane
1,2,3-THchloropropene
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2- Acety 1 ami nof I uorene
4-Afliinobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzene thiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(fl,h,i) perylene
Benzo( k) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
8is(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bia(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(us/kg)
500
25
NA
2000
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
NA
50
50
25
38000
38000
76000
76000
76000
38000
38000
NA
38000
NA
NO
190000
188000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NO
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(ing/kg)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.840
0.840
0.420
8.420
NA
0.420
NA
ND
2.1
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
ND
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-13
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organics (coot.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-8utyl-4f6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Oibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 2-0 i ch lorobenzene
1 ,4-Oichlorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthelate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Oimethylaninoazobenzene
3.3' -Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dini trobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Df-n-propylnitrosoamine
DiphenylMine (1)
1 ,2, -Dlphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Floorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach 1 orobutad < ene
Hexach lorocyclopentadi ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
38000
190000
38000
NA
38000
38000
38000
38000
NA
38000
38000
38000
NO
38000
38000
NA
NA
38000
38000
38000
76000
38000
NO
38000
38000
76000
NO
38000
38000
38000
190000
188000
188000
38000
38000
38000
38000
76000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NA
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.420
2.1
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
ND
0.420
0.420
NA
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.840
ND
0.420
B. 420
0.420
2.1
2
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
2.1
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
HA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(ing/ 1)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-14
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Orqanics (cent.)
Hexach 1 oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd> Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Hethylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Hethyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylacnine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethyla/nine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Ni trosopyrrol idine
2-Hethyl -5-ni troani I ine
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentach I oroe thane
Pentach I oroni t robenzene
Pentach lorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4, 6-Trich lorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
NO
38000
76000
38000
NA
76000
76000
ND
36000
36000
NA
180000
180000
178000
178000
178000
38000
38000
188000
ND
ND
38000
38000
38000
76000
38000
190000
76000
NO
NA
380000
188000
76000
38000
38000
ND
38000
ND
38000
NA
190000
76000
ND
38000
188000
38000
NO
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
ND
0.420
0.840
0.420
NA
0.840
0.840
ND
0.420
0.420
NA
2.1
2.1
2
2
2
0.420
0.420
2
ND
ND
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
2.1
0.840
NQ
NA
4.2
2
0.840
0.420
0.420
ND
0.420
ND
0.420
NA
2.1
0.840
ND
0.420
2
0.420
NO
Scrubber
Wastewater
(ing/ 1)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
ND
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
HO
C-15
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryl 1 inn
Cadmium
Chromiun
Hexavalent Chromiun
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Bariun
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromiun
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
2.0
0.02
1.1
5.0
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
3.3
100
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.033
0.200
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.500
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.750
0.004
0.011
0.025
0.007
0.020
0.004
0.004
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) • Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO • Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-16
-------
TABLE C-4 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #3
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orqanics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n- butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch I orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2-Oibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Di bromomethane
Trans- 1,4-Oichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans- 1 ,2-0 ichloroethene
1 ,2-D i ch loropropane
T rans - 1 , 3 - D i ch 1 oropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Q.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-17
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orqanics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Mitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromethane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Tpichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivolatile Orqanics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2 - Acety I ami nof I uorene
4-Aininobiphenyl
Ani line
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a )anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f luoranthen*
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
BenzoC k ) f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) ph thai ate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(rag/kg >
500
25
NA
2000
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
NA
50
50
25
34000
34000
68000
68000
68000
34000
34000
NA
34000
NA
NO
170000
172000
34000
34000
34000
34000
NO
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.840
0.840
0.420
6.420
NA
0.420
NA
NO
2.1
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-18
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
72
n
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Orqanics (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Ch loro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Oibenz(a,h)anthracene
Oibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 2 - D i ch I orobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'P-chlorobenzidine
2.4-Oichlorophenol
2.6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3'-Oimethoxybenzidine
p-0 i methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Ditnethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Oinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitPO-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosoamine
Diphenylaraine (1)
1,2,-Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexach 1 or ocyc I open t ad i ene
Hexach I oroe thane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
34000
170000
34000
NA
34000
34000
34000
34000
NA
34000
34000
34000
NO
34000
34000
NA
NA
34000
34000
34000
68000
34000
NO
34000
34000
68000
NO
34000
34000
34000
170000
172000
172000
34000
34000
34000
34000
68000
170000
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
NA
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.420
2.1
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
NA
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.840
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
2.1
2
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
2.1
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-19
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
136
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organics (cont.)
Hexach I oropropene
lndeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4' -Methylene-bis-(2-chloroani line)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorphollne
N-Nitrosodiphenylanine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-nitroani line
Pentach I orobenzene
^Pentachloroethane
Pentachloroni trobenzene
Pentach 1 oropheno I
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-P1coline
Pronanride
Pyrene
Hesorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachloroberuene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tr<«(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mo/kg)
NO
34000
68000
34000
NA
68000
68000
NO
34000
34000
NA
170000
170000
172000
172000
172000
34000
34000
172000
ND
ND
34000
34000
34000
68000
34000
170000
68000
NO
NA
340000
172000
68000
34000
34000
NO
34000
NO
34000
NA
170000
68000
NO
34000
172000
34000
NO
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
Cmg/kg)
NO
0.420
0.840
0.420
NA
0.840
0.840
ND
0.420
0.420
NA
2.1
2.1
2
2
2
0.420
0.420
2
NO
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
2.1
0.840
NO
NA
4.2
2
0.840
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
ND
0.420
NA
2.1
0.840
NO
0.420
2
0.420
ND
Scrubber
Uasteuater
(ing/ 1)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
C-20
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Su I fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.02
1.1
0.5
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
O.S
1
5
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
3.3
100
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.033
0.100
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.025
0.070
0.010*
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.500
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.500
0.004
0.011
0.050
0.070
0.010
0.004
0.004
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-21
-------
TABLE C-5 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET *4
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ic3
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch 1 oromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyt Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibron»-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
D i bromomethane
Trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dich lorodi f luoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1, 2-0 i Chloroethane
1,1-Oichloroethene
Trans- 1,2-Oichloroethene
1 , 2 - D i ch I oropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cts-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dloxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylberuene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Nethacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(ing/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25 t
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
1-22
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
SO
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (coot.)
Methacryloni trite
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane(bromof orm)
1 , 1 , 1 -Trichloroc thane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroc then*
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semi volatile Orqanies
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(9,h,<) perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
BU(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
8is(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
500
25
NA
2000
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
NA
50
50
25
38000
38000
76000
76000
76000
38000
38000 •
NA
38000
NA
NO
190000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NO
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-23
-------
TABLE C-S (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organics (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-«-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-CMoropropioni tri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
0 i benzof uran
Oibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Oichlorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2.4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Di ethyl phthalate
3.3' -Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Dimethylaninoazobenzene
3,3'-Oimethylbenzidine
2.4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1, 4 -Di nitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
0 i -n-propylni trosoaroi ne
Diphenylaarine (1)
1,2, -Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach 1 orobenzene
Hexach I orobutadi ene
Hexach 1 orocyc I opent ad i ene
Hexach 1 oroethane
Hexach lorophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
38000
190000
38000
NA
38000
38000
38000
38000
NA
38000
38000
38000
ND
38000
38000
NA
NA
38000
38000
38000
76000
38000
ND
38000
38000
76000
ND
38000
38000 •
38000
190000
190000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
76000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-24
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
HO
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cont.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrote
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4.4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyt naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2*Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
N-Nitrosodiphenylaraine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
Pent ach 1 orobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentachloroni trobenzene
Pentach I orophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2.4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibronopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
NO
38000
76000
38000
HA
76000
76000
NO
36000
36000
NA
180000
180000
178000
178000
178000
38000
38000
190000
NO
NO
38000
38000
38000
76000
38000
190000
76000
ND
NA
380000
190000
76000
38000
38000
NO
38000
NO
38000
NA
190000
76000
NO
38000
190000
38000
NO
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
• ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
ND
C-25
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryl I inn
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thalliun
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals • TCLP (ing/ 1)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(ma/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
1.0
0.02
1.1
5.0
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
NOT
ANALYZED
i
.
-
*
.
"
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.500
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.500
0.0002
0.011
0.500
0.070
0.010
0.004
0.004
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-26
-------
TABLE C-6 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 BACKGROUND UATER, BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER,
AND FINAL QUENCH WATER
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch I oronethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orod i bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2*D i bromo-3-Ch loropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
D i bromomethane
Trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Di chloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch I oroethene
Trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodonethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Background
Scrubber
Water
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrytoni trite
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloro«thane
1 , 1 , 2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch loromonof 1 uoromethane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropene
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4- Ami nobi pneny I
Aniline
Anthracene
Aranite
Benzo( a )anthracene
Benzol Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo(k)f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloro«thoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Background
Scrubber
Water
(ng/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Background
Quench
Water
(ing/ 1)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
- 0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Final
Quench
Water
(ma/ I)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-28
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organies (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2- Sec-Butyl -.4, 6-0 initrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilete
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
0 i benz ( a , h ) ant h racene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 2 - 0 i ch I or obenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'Oichlorofaenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Di ethyl phthalate
3,3' -Dimethoxybenzidine
p~D imethy I ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Di nitrobenzene
4,6-dinftro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Oi-n-octyl phthalate
Oi-n-propylnitrosoamine
Diphenylamine (1)
1,2, -Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach lorobenzene
Hexaeh I orobutadi ene
Hexach I orocyc lopentad i ene
Hexach loroethane
Hexach lorophene
Background
Scrubber
Water
(ng/O
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.610
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Final
Quench
Water
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Setnivolatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrote
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Mitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylaroine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-ni troani I ine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloroni trobenzene
Pentach lorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalie Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrechlorobenzene
2 , 3 , 4 , 6- Tet rach I oropheno I
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
HO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
C-30
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals • Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sulfates
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.015
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.050
0.003
0.002
NOT
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.003
0.002
ANALYZED
i
0.010
0.2
0.9
1
5
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.050
0.003
0.002
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
C-31
-------
TABLE C-7 DETECTION LIMITS FOR FOR K102 SAMPLE SET *1
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cent.)
Acetone
Acetoni trite
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
B romod i ch I orome thane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch I orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 ,2-0 ibromoethane
0 1 bromomethane
Trans- 1,4-Oichloro-2-Butene
D i ch 1 orod i f I uoromethane
1 , 1 - 0 i ch I oroethane
1 , 2-0 i ch I oroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1,2-0ichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
T r ans - 1 , 3 • 0 i ch 1 oropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodonethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methane I
Nehtyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
« 1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Uastewater
(nig/ 1)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-32
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ies (cent.)
Methacrylonitri le
Hethylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1, 1,1 -Tri eh loroe thane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivolati le Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a ) anth racene
Benzal Chloride
Benzene thiol
Benzidine
Benzole Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
p-Beruoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
B1s<2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Uaste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
182
182
364
364
364
182
182
NA
182
NA
NO
910
910
182
182
182
182
NO
182
182
182
182
182
182
Treated
Uaste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
NA
1
NA
NO
5
5
1
1
1
1
ND
1
1
1
1
1
1
Scrubber
Uasteuater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-33
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ics (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Ch loronaphtha lene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chtoropropioni tri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Diehlorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Oichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3' -Diinethoxybenzidine
p-D i methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dinethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dini trobenzene
4,6-dini tro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di -n-propylni trosoamine
Oiphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach I orobutadi ene
Hexach 1 orocyc 1 opentadi ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
182
910
182
NA
182
182
182
182
NA
182
182
182
NO
182
182
NA
NA
182
182
182
364
182
NO
182
182
364
NO
182
182
182
910
910
910
182
182
182
182
364
910
182
182
182
182
182
182
NA
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
1
5
1
NA
1
1
1
1
NA
1
1
1
ND
1
1
NA
NA
1
1
1
2
1
ND
1
1
2
ND
1
• 1
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-34
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Setnivolatile Orqanics (cent.)
Nexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyn'lene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4' -Methylene-bis-(2-ehloroani line)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Hethylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Mitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
1-Nitrosopipertdine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Nethyl-5-nitroaniline
Pentach lorofoenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resoreinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-THchlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
ND
182
364
182
NA
364
364
ND
182
182
NA
910
910
910
910
910
182
182
910
ND
ND
182
182
182
364
182
910
364
NO
NA
1820
910
364
182
182
ND
182
ND
182
NA
910
364
NO
182
910
182
NO
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
ND
1
2
1
NA
2
2
ND
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
ND
ND
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
i ND
NA
1
5
2
1
1
ND
1
NO
1
NA
5
2
NO
1
5
1
NO
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
ND
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
ND
C-35
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mq/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
dug/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
NOT
ANALYZED
.
•
•
.
•
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
5.0
0.3
0.2
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
8.050
0.007
0.500
0.004
0.002
.
-
-
.
•
Scrubber
Wasteuater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.220.
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.003
0.002
.
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
MA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been deternined.
- - No detection limit established.
C-36
-------
TABLE C-8 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SETS #2 AND *3
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n- Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Oisulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
0 i ch 1 orod i f I uorome thane
1,1-Di Chloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans- 1 ,2-0 ichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Nethacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/ks>
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
20
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(dig/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
• 1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Wastewater
(fflS/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-37
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
37
36
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ) cs (coot.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane(bromof orm)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromet hane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-TrichloPO-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semi volatile Organies
Aeenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaniinofluorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Arami te
Benzo( a ) anth racene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p- Benzoqui none'SP
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bfs(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
8
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2 - Ch I oronaph tha I ene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Oibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e() Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i> Pyrene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Oichlorobenzene
1 , 4 - D i ch 1 orobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3'-Oimethoxybenzidine
p-0 i me thy I ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Oinethylbenzidine
2,4-0 imethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-DinitPOtoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di -n-propylni trosoamine
DiphenylMine (1)
1,2, -Diphenylhydrazine
Fluor anthem
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Nexach 1 orobutadi ene
Hexach I orocyc I opent ad i ene
Hexach 1 oroethane
Hexach 1 orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Orqanics (cent.)
Hexach 1 or opropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyri lene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Hethylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Mitroani line
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-N > trosopyrrol idine
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pent ach I oroni t robenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-THchlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(tng/kg)
NO
19.4
38.8
19.4
NA
38.8
38.8
NO
19.4
19.4
NA
97
97
98
98
98
19.4
19.4
98
NO
ND
19.4
19.4
19.4
38.8
19.4
97
38.8
ND
NA
194
98
38.8
19.4
19.4
ND
19.4
ND
19.4
NA
97
38.8
ND
19.4
98
19.4
ND
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
ND
1
2
1
NA
2
2
ND
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
ND
ND
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
* ND
NA
1
5
2
1
1
ND
1
ND
1
NA
5
2
ND
1
5
1
ND
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
NA
0.020
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
ND
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
ND
C-40
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals • Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Bar inn
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Nexavalent Chromiun (mg/l)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals • TCLP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Ca«fcnium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
Uaste to
Incinerator
(Rig/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
NOT
ANALYZED
Treated
Uaste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.007*
0.004
0.005
0.0002*
0.009
9.005
0.007*
0.200*
0.004*
0.002
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.220"
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.003
0.002
NOT
ANALYZED
C-41
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste Scrubber
BOAT CONSTITUENT Incinerator (Kiln Ash) Wastewater
(mg/kg) (ing/kg) (mg/l)
Inorganics
169 Cyanide - • 0.01
170 Flouride - - 0.2
171 Sulfide - - 0.5
Other Parameters
Chlorides - - 1
Sulfates • • 5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylemine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
ND - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
** - Detection Unit for sample set 3 for Nickel is 0.110 ing/1.
+ - Detection limits for sample set 3 for Chromium, Mercury, Silver, and Vanadium were 0.007,
0.0004, 0.006, 0.010, and 0.006 ing/1, respectively.
- - No detection limits have been established.
C-42
-------
TABLE C-9 DETECTION LIMITS FOR IC102 SAMPLE SETS «4 AND «5
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Bromod i ch I oromethane
Bromomethane
n- Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chi oromethane
3- Ch I oropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Di bromomethane
Trans- 1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
0 ich 1 orodi f luoromethane
1 , 1 -D ich loroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch 1 oroethene
Trans- 1,2-Oichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Hethanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg}
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)«
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
O.OOS
0.005
O.OOS
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
O.OSO
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-43
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane(bromof ortn)
1,1,1-Tn"chloro«thane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof I uoromet hane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a ) anth racene
Benzol Chloride
Benzene thiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,1) perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloro«thoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
B« .
(Rig/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
NA
1
NA
ND
5
5
1
1
1
1
NO
1
1
1
1
1
1
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
ND
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
C-44
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 4 -0 i ch I orobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3' -Dimethoxybenzidine
p-0 i methy I ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Oifflethylbenzidine
2,4-0 imethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dini trobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
D < -n-propylni trosoamine
Oiphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexach 1 orocyc 1 opent ad i ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
194
970
194
NA
194
194
194
194
NA
194
194
194
ND
194
194
NA
NA
194
194
194
380
194
NO
194
194
388
ND
194
194
194
970
980
980
194
194
194
194
388
970
194
194
194
194
194
194
NA
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)"
(mg/kg)
1
5
1
NA
1
1
1
1
NA
1
1
1
ND
1
1
NA
NA
1
1
1
2
1
ND
1
1
2
ND
1
1
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
C-45
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
UO
HI
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ics (coot.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Mnthylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthytamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
H-Nitrosodi-n-butylaoiine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylarnine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-ni troani t ine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentach I oroe thane
Pentachloroni trobenzene
Pentach lorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2.4.5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
NO
194
388
194
NA
388
388
NO
194
194
NA
970
970
980
980
980
194
194
980
NO
ND
194
194
194
388
194
970
388
NO
NA
1940
980
388
194
194
NO
194
NO
194
NA
970
388
NO
194
980
194
ND
ND
1
2
1
HA
2
2
ND
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
ND
ND
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
ND
NA
1
5
2
1
1
ND
1
ND
1
NA
5
2
ND
1
5
1
ND
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
ND
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
ND
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
o.oso
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
ND
C-46
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals • Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Bar inn
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium (mg/lV
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadiun
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mq/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Berylliun
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg>
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
1.1+
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
NOT
ANALYZED
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.10
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.2
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
9.0002
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.100
0.004
0.002
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.003
0.002
NOT
ANALYZED
C-47
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste . Scrubber
BOAT CONSTITUENT Incinerator (Kiln Ash)* Wastewater
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/l)
Inorganics
169 Cyanide • - 0.01
170 Flouride • - 0.2
171 Sulfide - - 0.5
Other Parameters
Chlorides - - 1
Sulfates - • 5
• - No samples were taken for Sample Set 05.
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
+ • The detection limit for sample set 5 for Nickel is 11 mg/kg.
• - No detection limit has been established.
C-48
-------
TABLE C-10 DETECTION LIMITS F0» 1C 102 SAMPLE SET *6
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orqanics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch I orome thane
Bromomethane
n-Butyt Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orod i brofflomet hane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3 - Ch I or opropene
1 ,2-Oibrono-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoe thane
Dibromome thane
Trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
D i ch 1 orodi f luoromethene
1,1-Oi Chloroethane
1 , 2-0 i ch I oroe thane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
1 , 2 - 0 i ch I oropropane
Trans- 1 ,3-0 i ch loropropene
cis-1,3,0ichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5 NO
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5 SAMPLES
30
1.5
3
3 TAKEN
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
C-49
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ics (coot.)
Methacrylonitri le
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1.1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloro«thane
Trichtoroethene
T r i ch 1 oromonof 1 uoromethane
1 , 2 . 3 • T r i ctvl oropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivotatile Organies
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetytaminofluorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo( k ) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated Treated
Waste to waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mo/kg) (mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3 NO
3
1.5
SAMPLES
184
184
368 TAKEN
368
368
184
184
NA
184
NA
NO
920
918
184
184
184
1840
NO
184
184
184
184
184
184
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
10
10
20
20
20
10
10
NA
10
NA
ND
50
10
10
10
10
10
ND
10
10
10
10
10
10
C-50
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
SCTiivolatile Orqanies (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroanitine
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenot
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 4 - D i eh 1 orobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-0 ichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3 , 3 ' - D i methoxybenz i d i ne
p-D i methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Oimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 , 4-0 ini trobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
D i - n- pr opy I n i t r osoam i ne
Diphenylanrine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach ( orobenzene
Hexach lorobutadi ene
Hexach 1 orocyc 1 opentadi ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
184
920
184
NA
184
184
184
184
NA
184
184
184
NO
184
184
NA
NA
184
184
184
366
184 NO
NO
184
184
368 SAMPLES
NO
184
184
184 TAKEN
920
918
918
184
184
184
184
368
920
184
184
184
184
184
184
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
10
50
10
NA
10
10
10
10
NA
10
10
10
ND
10
10
NA
NA
10
10
10
20
10
ND
10
10
20
ND
10
10
10
50
50
50
10
10
10
10
20
50
10
10
10
10
10
10
NA
C-51
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
i«.r
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
ur
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organ ics (cent.)
Hexach I or opropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyri lene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4 '-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroani line)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamin*
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N - N i t rosod i • n- buty I ami ne
!;=»'itrccod!.;t^'l-z'i~i
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t r osomorpho I i ne
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentach lor obenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentach 1 oroni t r obenzene
Pentach 1 oropheno I
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
•afrol*
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrechlorophenol
1 , 2, 4-Tr i ch 1 orobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibronopropyl) phosphate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(ing/kg) (nig/kg)
ND
184
368
184
NA
368
368
NO
184
184
NA
920
920
918
918
918
184
184
918
ND
im
184
184
184 NO
368
184
920
368 SAMPLES
ND
NA
1840
918 TAKEN
368
184
184
ND
184
ND
184
NA
920
368
ND
184
918
184
ND
Scrubber
Wastewater
(ing/ 1)
NO
10
20
10
NA
20
20
ND
10
10
NA
50
50
50
50
50
10
10
50
ND
ttn
10
10
10
20
10
50
20
ND
NA
100
50
20
10
10
ND
10
ND
10
NA
SO
20
ND
10
50
10
ND
C-52
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Bariun
Beryl 1 tun
Cadmium
Chromiun
Hexavalent Chromiun (mg/l)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Seleniun
Silver
Thallium
Vanadiun
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mq/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Bariun
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromiun
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thai HUB
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste Scrubber
Incinerator (Kiln Ash) . Uastewater
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/l)
1.5 0.015
1.0 0.010
0.2 0.002
0.1 0.001
0.5 0.005
0.5 0.005
0.01 0.010
0.4 0.004
0.5 0.005
0.1 0.0002
11 0.009
0.5 0.005
0.7 0.005
0.1 0.010
0.3 0.003
0.2 0.002
NOT NOT
NO
ANALYZED ANALYZED
SAMPLES
TAKEN
0.01
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000•compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
- - Detection have not been established.
C-53
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Acetone
Sample Set
1
2
3
1
Kiln Ash
Concentration
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.010
0.010
2*
Percent
Recovery
106
106
106
3*
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
X
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.010
0.010
= 0.010
5
Log
Transform
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
y = -4.605
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-15.
» - Values are actually the average of all volatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard * Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF E 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 0.010 X 2.8
* 0.028 ng/kg
D-l
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Toluene
1
Kiln Ash
Sample Set Concentration
(iig/kg)
1 0.005
2 0.005
3 0.005
2
Percent
Recovery
106
106
106
3* 4
Accuracy Corrected
Correction Concentration
Factor (ing/kg)
1.0 0.005
1.0 0.005
1.0 0.005
x - 0.005
5
Log
Transform
-5.298
-5.298
-5.298
y = -5.298
s - 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report. John Zink Conpany for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Conpany for K101, Table 6-15.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor « 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
- 0.005 X 2.8
- O.OU ing/kg
D-2
-------
APPENDIX 0
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Aniline
1
Kiln Ash
Sanple Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 0.420
2 0.420
3 0.420
2*
Percent
Recovery
40
40
40
3
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
2.5
2.5
2.5
x =
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05 y
s
5
Log
Transfer*
0.049
0.049
0.049
= 0.049
= 0.000
1 • Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsit* Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-16.
+ - Values are actually the average of all semivolatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard * Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF « 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
* 1.05 X 2.8
« 2.940 mg/kg
D-3
-------
APPENDIX 0
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewatert
Constituent: 2-Nitroaniline
Sample Set
1
2
3
Kiln Ash 1
Concentration
(mg/kg)
2.0
2.0
2.0
Percent 2*
Recovery
40
40
40
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
2.50
2.50
2.50
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/kg)
5.000
5.000
5.000
Log 5
Transform
1.609
1.609
1.609
X =
5.000 y =
s «
1.609
0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-16.
+ - Values are actually the average of all semi volatile*.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor * 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration s Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF * 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard « Corrected Kiln Ash Nean X VF
* 5.000 X 2.80
» 14.000 mg/kg
D-4
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Honwastewaters
Constituent: Toluene
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
1
Kiln Ash
Concentration
-------
APPENDIX 0
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Nonwastewatera
Constituent: Total Xylenes
1
Kiln Ash
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 1.5
2 1.5
3 1.5
4 1.5
2*
Percent
Recovery
112
112
112
112
3*
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
X
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
5
Log
Transform
0.405
0.405
0.405
0.405
y = 0.405
S = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company for K102. Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Ons ite Engineering Report. John Zinc Company for K102, Table 6-15.
+ - Values are actually the average of all volatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
• - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 • Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard » Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard - Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 1.500 X 2.8
> 4.200 mg/kg
D-6
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Nonuastewater*
Constituent: 2-Nitrophenol
Sample Set
Kiln Ash 1
Concentration
(mg/kg)
Accuracy 3
Percent 2+ Correction
Recovery Factor
Corrected 4
Concentration Log 5
(mg/kg) Transform
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
21
21
21
21
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.760
4.760
4.760
4.760
4.760 y =
s >
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.560
0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K102, Table 5-3
through 5-6.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K102, Table 6-16.
+ - Values are actually the value for the isomer 4-Nitrophenol.
3 • Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF * 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard * Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
> 4.760 X 2.80
* 13.328 mg/kg
D-7
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for 1C 102 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Phenol
Sanple Set
1
2
3
4
1
Kiln Ash
Concentration
1.640
1.640
1.640
1.640
5
Log
Transform
0.495
0.495
0.495
0.495
1.640
y = 0.495
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company, Table 6-16.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration » Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
* 1.640 X 2.8
s 4.592 mg/kg
D-8
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Uastewaters
Constituent: 2-Nitroaniline
Effluent
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/l)
1 0.050
2 0.050
3 0.050
4 0.050
I
Percent 2+
Recovery
53
53
53
53
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
X
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.09S
0.095
0.095
0.095
0.095
I
Log 5
Transform
-2.354
-2.354
-2.354
-2.354
y = -2.354
s - 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tables 5-3 to 5-6.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Table 6-19.
+ - Values are actually the average of all semivolatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
VF * 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
* 0.095 X 2.8
- 0.266 mg/l
D-9
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for 1C 102 Uasteuaters
Constituent: 2-Nitrophenol
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
6
Effluent
Concentration
(ing/ 1)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
1
Percent 2*
Recovery
113
113
113
113
113
113
Accuracy 3*
Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
x =
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010 y
s
Log S
Transform
-4.605
•4.605
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
= -4.605
= 0
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tables 5-3 to 5-8.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Table 6-19.
+ - Values are actually for the isomer 4-nitrophenol.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration « Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logaritMT, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard * Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
VF - 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
* 0.010 X 2.80
« 0.028 og/l
D-10
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewaters
Constituent: Arsenic
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.415
2.000
0.513
0.418
0.440
1
Percent 2
Recovery
143
143
143
143
143
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.291
1.400
0.359
0.293
0.308
Log 5
Transform
-1.234
0.336
-1.024
-1.228
-1.178
0.530 y = -0.866
s = 0.677
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
= exp (y * 2.33s)
^,
yy
where y = the mean of the log transforms
s * the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C = exp (-0.866 * 2.33(0.677))
* exp (0.711)
» 2.036
and VF « C / x
99
where x « the mean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF » C / x
• 2?036 / 0.530
- 3.842
Treatment Standard * Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
> 0.530 X 3.842
> 2.036 mg/l
D-il
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewater*
Constituent: Cadmium
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
Effluent 1
Concentration
(no/ I)
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.080
Percent 2
Recovery
94
94
94
94
94
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
Log 5
Transform
-2.465
-2.465
-2.465
-2.465
-2.465
x = 0.085 y = -2.465
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor * 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
C « exp (y + 2.33s)
TT
where y = the mean of the log transforms
s " the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C « exp (-2.465 * 2.33(0.0))
« exp (-2.465)
' 0.085
and VF « C / x
where x * the mean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF » C / x
- 01685 / 0.085
> 1.0
A variability factor of one was not used in calculating the treatment standards.
The variability factor of 2.80 uas substituted for the value 1.
Treatment Standard > Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
« 0.085 X 2.80
• 0.238 mg/l
D-12
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewaters
Constituent: Lead
Effluent 1 Accuracy 3 Corrected 4
Sample Set Concentration Percent 2 Correction Concentration Log 5
(mg/l) Recovery Factor (mg/l) Transform
1 0.005 84 1.19
2 0.029 84 1.19
3 0.025 84 1.19
4 0.010 84 1.19
5 0.025 84 1.19
x =
0.006
0.035
0.030
0.012
0.030
0.023 y =
s =
-5.116
-3.352
-3.507
-4.423
-3.507
-3.981
0.763
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
C^ « exp (y * 2.33s)
^y
where y - the mean of the log transforms
s - the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C » exp (-3.981 + 2.33(0.763))
« exp (-2.203)
» 0.110
and VF « C / x
where x = the nean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF « C / x
» 0?110 / 0.023
- 4.783
Treatment Standard * Corrected Effluent Nean X VF
* 0.023 X 4.783
> 0.110 ng/l
D-13
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewaters
Constituent: Mercury
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
Effluent 1
Concentration
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.006
Percent 2
Recovery
95
95
95
95
95
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.006
Log 5
Transform
-6.908
-5.521
-4.711
-5.521
-5.116
X =
0.005 y = -5.555
s = 0.827
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor « 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard * Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
c«« B e*P
-------
APPENDIX E
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT FOR THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
The comparative method of measuring thermal conductivity has been
proposed as an ASTM test method under the name "Guarded, Comparative,
Longitudinal Heat Flow Technique." A thermal heat flow circuit is used
that is the analog of an electrical circuit with resistances in series.
A reference material is chosen to have a thermal conductivity close to
that estimated for the sample. Reference standards (also known as heat
meters) having the same cross-sectional dimensions as the sample are
placed above and below the sample. An upper heater, a lower heater, and
a heat sink are added to the "stack" to complete the heat flow circuit.
See Figure E-l.
The temperature gradients (analogous to potential differences) along
the stack are measured with type K (chromel/alumel) thermocouples placed
at known separations. The thermocouples are placed into holes or grooves
in the references and also in the sample whenever the sample is thick
enough to accommodate them.
For molten samples, pastes, greases, and other materials that must be
contained, the material is placed into a cell consisting of a top and
bottom of Pyrex 7740 and a containment ring of marinite. The sample is
2 inches in diameter and 0.5 inch thick. Thermocouples are not placed
into the sample; rather, the temperatures measured in the Pyrex disks are
extrapolated to give the temperature at the top and bottom surfaces of
the sample material. The Pyrex disks also serve as the thermal
conductivity reference material.
E-l
-------
GUARD
GRADIENT \
STACK
GRADIENT
X
THERMOCOUPLE
CLAMP
UPPER STACK
HEATER
i
TOP
REFERENCE
SAMPLE
BOTTOM
REFERENCE
SAMPLE
£
I
I
LOWER STACK
HEATER
LIQUID COOLED
HEAT SINK
HEAT FLOW
DIRECTION
UPPER
GUARD
HEATER
LOWER
GUARD
HEATER
FIGURE E-l
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE COMPARATIVE METHOD
E-2
-------
The stack is clamped with a reproducible load to ensure intimate
contact between the components. To produce a linear flow of heat down
the stack and reduce the amount of heat that flows radially, a guard tube
is placed around the stack and the intervening space is filled with
insulating grains or powder. The temperature gradient in the guard is
matched to that in the stack to further reduce radial heat flow.
The comparative method is a steady-state method of measuring thermal
conductivity. When equilibrium is reached, the first flux (analogous to
current flow) down the stack can be determined from the references. The
heat into the sample is given by
Q. » A (dT/dx).
in top top
and the heat out of the sample is given by
"out" A botton,(dVdX)botton,
where
A = thermal conductivity
dT/dx = temperature gradient
and top refers to the upper reference, while bottom refers to the lower
reference. If the heat was confined just to flow down the stack, then
Q and 0 would be equal. If Q. and Q A are in reasonable
in out in out
agreement, the average heat flow is calculated from
The sample thermal conductivity is then found from
A _ = Q/ (dT/dx)
sample sample.
The result for the K102 activated charcoal waste tested is given in
Table E-l. The sample was held at an average temperature of 42°C,
E-3
-------
with a 53°C temperature drop across the sample for approximately
20 hours before the temperature profile became steady and the
conductivity was measured. At the conclusion of the test, it appeared
that some "drying" of the sample had occurred.
The result for the K101 waste tested is given in Table E-l. The
sample was held at an average temperature of 39°C, with a 39°C
temperature drop across the sample for approximately 4 hours before the
temperature profile became steady and the conductivity was measured. At
the conclusion of the test, it appeared that some "drying" of the sample
had occurred. Bubbles had formed in the sample and had migrated to the
top of the sample in contact with the upper reference. Approximately
15 percent of the upper Pyrex reference was not in contact with the
sample when thermal equilibrium was reached. Thus, the conductivity
given in Table E-l may be low by 5 to 10 percent.
Table E-l The Results of the Measurement of the Thermal
Conductivity Using the Comparative Method
Sample Temperature Thermal
conductivity
(°C) (W/mK)*
K101 waste 39
.273
K102 activated
charcoal waste 42 .136
*1 W/mK = 6.933 Btu in/h ft2 °F = .5778 Btu/h ft °F.
E-4
-------
APPENDIX F
CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING REPORT
AND
STRIP CHARTS FOR ENGINEERING SITE VISIT
F-l
-------
Results of Arsenic Emissions Sampling
and Continuous Emissions Monitoring for K101 and K102 Waste Incineration
At
John Zink Company, Tulsa, OK
Prepared By: e
Darrell Doerle, Scientist
Process Engineering
Radian Corporation
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
February 5, 1988
F-2
-------
Arsenic Emissions Sampling and Continuous
Emissions Monitoring At John Zink
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
3.0 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
4.0 ARSENIC SAMPLING RESULTS
5.0 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING
APPENDIX: TEST SUMMARIES AND RAW DATA FROM ARSENIC SAMPLING
F-3
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Radian Corporation was contracted by Versar, Inc. to provide
arsenic emissions sampling and continuous emissions monitoring at the
John Zink Company's Tulsa, Oklahoma facility during the week of
December 1, 1987. This work was performed in association with the EPA's
program to develop treatment standards for wastes subject to land disposal
restrictions. Radian Corporation's sampling efforts were conducted under the
direction of Darrell Doerle and coordinated with the project manager,
Mr. Robert Morton, of the Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. The purpose of the
emissions sampling was to monitor arsenic emissions created by incineration of
the arsenic containing hazardous waste K102. The continuous emissions
monitoring provided documentation of CO, CO-, 0-, and total hydrocarbon
emissions from the afterburner during incineration of wastes K102 and K101.
The following is a brief discussion of the sampling and analytical procedures
used as well as presentation of the results.
2.0 ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
Three flue gas (emissions) samples were taken during the
incineration of waste K102 for the determination of arsenic emissions. Total
arsenic emissions are reported in the form of arsenic trioxide at the request
of the State of Oklahoma. Samples were taken in accordance with protocols
delineated in EPA Method 108 (Code of Federal Regulations Part 61, Appendix
B).
Pall flex filters (type 2500 QAT-UP) were used for particulate
phase collection of arsenic. These filters were selected for their low metals
content as well as applicability to EPA Method 5 particulate sampling. Filter
temperature was maintained at 248° + 25°F for all samples. An effort was made
to keep filter temperatures at the hotter end of the allowable range due to
the low stack temperature and high moisture content. Figure 1-1 illustrates
the sampling train that was used.
F-4
-------
Water
Silica Gal
Tharmomatar
Tharmocoupl
Typ« Pilot
• LI Proba
Chack V«lv«
« Pilot
Manomalar
Tharmomalar*
Orlflca
Slack Wall
Dry Qaa Alr-Tlght
M«tar Pump
Vacuum Llna
Components of the EPA Method 108 sampling train
-------
.Feed
Cyclone
After Burner
jAsh Basin
fan
Final Combustion
Chamber
Exhaust
-------
Samples were taken In a twelve inch vertical duct located
approximately 30 feet downstream of the scrubber outlet and 12 feet upstream
of the final combustion chamber (Figure 1-2). Access to the gas stream was
through two three inch ports set at 90° to each other and located eight feet
downstream, three feet upstream from the nearest gas flow disturbance. Six
points were sampled per port for five minutes each (60 minute test) for each
of the three emissions samples that were collected. A schematic of the test
matrix is shown in Figure 1-3.
At the beginning of the incineration test burn, there was a
three hour supply of K102 waste for incinerator feed. In order to allow for
time between collection of emissions samples and possible sampling problems,
collection of the second sample was started halfway through collection of the
first sample (at the port change). Collection of the third emission sample
began following completion of the second sample.
After sample collection the sampling train impingers were weighed
for gravimetric moisture determination. The trains were then recovered in the
following three components:
1) 0.1N NaOH rinses of probe, nozzle, and front half glassware;
2)' filter;
3) back half impinger catch and 0.1N NaOH rinses of back half
glassware.
Recovery containers were sealed, labeled, and logged into a master
sample log book.
3.0 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Samples to be analyzed for arsenic were taken to Carl a Lance of
National Analytical Laboratories (NAL) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Due to the high
amount of arsenic found in the samples, NAL performed inductively coupled
argon plasma spectroscopy (ICAP) to provide higher resolution over a wider
range of concentrations than would be possible by atomic absorption
F-7
-------
Diameter = 12'
Point
1
2L
3
4
01 stance-to WIT
Cross Sectional Schematic
of Emission Sampling Location
F-8
-------
spectroscopy. Prior to analysis front half fractions were combined into one
fraction, as were back half fractions. Analysis was then performed to
determine total front half arsenic and total back half arsenic for each of the
three samples collected.
4.0 ARSENIC SAMPLING RESULTS
The results of the arsenic testing can be found in Table 3-1.
Complete test summaries and the raw data are found in the appendix. In
calculating arsenic trioxide emissions from total arsenic emissions, it was
assumed all arsenic was oxidized to As.O* in the final combustion chamber. As
shown in the table, the arsenic trioxide emission rate ranged from 0.0067 to
0.0139 kg/hr. The following two factors may have contributed to the apparent
rise in arsenic emissions rates over time:
1) Feed of K102 waste to the Incinerator began approximately
20 minutes after the stack samplers were instructed to begin
collection of the first arsenic emissions sample; however,
the emission rates were calculated based on the total time
period for arsenic sample collection;
2) Scrubber water was recycled without addition of make-up
water during the entire emission sampling period for K102
waste.
5.0 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING
Continuous emission monitoring was performed at the afterburner
outlet location for 02, C02> CO, and total hydrocarbons (THC). The sampling
location is shown on Figure 1-2. The continuous monitoring was performed for
the duration of the test burns of K102 waste and K101 waste. The primary
intent of continuous monitoring was to: 1) observe fluctuations in flue gas
parameters, and 2) provide documentation of combustion conditions.
F-9
-------
Sample acquisition was accomplished using an in-stack ceramic
probe filtered with an out-of-stack Balstron filter. The sample was
p
transported to the mobile laboratory using a heated Teflon sample line,
maintained at a temperature >120°C. Flue gas analyzed for 0^, CO., and CO was
first pumped through a sample conditioner to knock out moisture, providing
analysis on a dry basis. A separate, unconditioned gas sample was supplied to
the THC analyzer for wet basis analysis. The concentrations were continuously
recorded on stripcharts.
The following instruments were used to analyze for CO, CO., 0?,
and THC:
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Beckman Model 865
Concentration Infrared Analyzer;
Range 0-500 ppm
Carbon Dioxide (C02) Beckman Model 865
Concentration Infrared Analyzer;
Range 0-20%
Oxygen (02) Thermox
Concentration WDG AMETEK;
Range 0-25%
Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Beckman Model 402
Concentration Flame lonization Detector
Range 0-100 ppm
Copies of all continuous emission data were given to the EPA work
assignment manager, Mr. Juan Baez-Martinez, prior to leaving the test site.
F-10
-------
TABLE 3-1. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
Arsenic Emissions
Arsenic
Emissions
Flow Total Arsenic As AS.O,
Sample X 0, % H,0 ACFH DSCFH l/hr ko/hr */hr koVKr
c.
1 6.1 53.7 1686 630 .0111 .0050 .0147 .0067
2 6.1 56.0 1736 615 .0181 .0082 .0239 .0108
3 5.7 55.5 1695 060 .0231 .0105 .0305 .0139
F-li
-------
APPENDIX
F-12
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE TEST
METHOD 2 — 3 *
DATA )
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-A3-O1
12/01/87
1725-1830
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (mm. >
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in..1
Heter Volume icu.-ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F>
Stack dimension (sq.in..1
5tacK btatic Pressure dn.H20)
•scack rioi'.jture Collected vqm.1
Absolute stack pressure (in Hg;1
average stack temperature (FJ
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Oelps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tot Constant
60
29.57
. 376
36.337
1.225
74.83335
113.0976
l.H
d/S.-:
29.07294
189.0633
8.3
a. 1
85.4
13.12519
1.0051
.84
* Although Method 108 was used for arsenic sampling, EPA Methods 2-5
were used to calculate gas flow and emission rates as shown in the
sample calculations to follow.
F-13
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE TEST
METHODS 2 —5
RESULTS
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-AS-01
12/01/87
1725-1830
PARAMETER-
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas
Vw gas (scm)
'/. moisture
Md
MWd
*1W
\/s (fpm^
Vs tmpm)
Fl ow (acf m.<
Fl ow tacmm)
Flow (dsc-f m)
Flow(dscmm)
7. I
7. EA
35.74246
1.012226
41.40713
1.17265
S3.67123
. 46..'2877
29.^04
^3. •'• .'599
2147. 2t»8
654.ob5
1686.464
47.76067
630.3191
1 7.85064
96.31988
37.09199
Program Revision:1/16/84
F-14
-------
SOURCE TEST
METHOD S
ICUL-ATE l_O<=*DINC3
JOHN 2INK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-Ol
12/01/87
1725-1830
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL (A^)
Total Grams
Grains/dsc Di-
sraelis /act
Grai ns/dscf
Grains/act
'jr.i.ir:;/ dscm
or .MMH.' .-*cm
riRS.' oCt
rOUi-.JS/Hr
K 1 1 :.'nr ams/Hr
0 . MO4 1 800
0 . 000 1 1 69
0. O000437
0.0018045
O. 0006744
0.00411:94
«.\ vO 15434
'.'. <.' U UU i.x.i 1
o. 009 '.'524
0. U044237
0.0047580
0.0001331
0.00i.»0498
0 . 0020540
O. 000 7 & 77
O. 0047004
>.i. u I 1 1O1O
'.'. 0050354
Program Revision:1/16/84
. F-lb
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST »
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
METHOD 2 —
JOHN ZINK
TEST
TULSA
OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-0
12/01/87
1802-1905
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time imin.)
Barometric Pressure iin.Hg;
Sampling norzle diameter vin..'
Metar Volume >cu.tt..'
Meter Pressure •, in.HZU.1
Meter Temperature •.F.1
= t a«c!.. d i men~ i on 3q. i n. :•
stack- 'static >-'rAssure iin.H20J
stack Moisture Loliecteo '.gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg;
Average stack temperature «.F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tot Constant
60
29.57
.375
37
1.375
81. 953-j.t
113.u- -o
1.4
9bB. 9
29.67294
191.25
8.5
6. 1
85.4
13.434
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE TEST
METHODS 2 —S
RESULTS
JOHN ZINK
rULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-02
12/01/87
1802-1905
PARAMETER RESULT
35.94737
Vm(dsciiu 1.018029
Vw gasisct) 45.68364
Vw gas (scm) 1.293761
"'. moisture i£.V635B
Md . 44U-T-642
MWd ^9.c04
MW 23.10999
Vsttpnw 2210.513
Vs \iTiptn.1 6/"3.9-j>69
Flowiactm) 1736.137
Flowtacmm) 49.1674
Flowvdscfm) 614.7254
FlowidscmmJ 17.40902
7. I 99.85988
V. EA 37.09199
Program Revisi on:I/16/84
F-17
-------
SOURCE
METHOD S
ICLJL_«TE
ST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
I NC3
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-AS-02
12/01/87
1802-1905
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL
Total Grams
Srams/dscf
brams/act
ijrains/dsct
Drains/ act
:jr ams/ciscm
s/ dsci
p'ounds/ act
Founds/Hr
Ki 1 ograms/Hr
0. <.'<;>77.0i.'<.)
O.OOU2031
O. i.'OO0719
0.00"; 1334
-..' . i.-«.' 1 1 095
O.UU00002
0.0165157
O.U074915
•'.». O079850
U.0002221
U.0000787
•.•.0034275
<."•'. '.".) U i ...&
>.). U0784.J4
'.). IJO27772
O.O000005
U.U000002
U.018U655
O.OUS1944
Program Revision:1/16/84
F-18
-------
ERA
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCA1iON
TEST 41
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE TEST-
METHOD 2 — S
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-O.:
12/01/87
1920-2024
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg;
Sampling nozzle diameter nn.)
Meter Volume (cu.tt.J
Pressure
Temperature •. t~ t
dimension '.sq.in./
static Pressure vin.H^u.1
Moisture Lollected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure tin Hg;
Mver^ge stack temperature ^F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
D6M Factor
Pi tot Constant
Meter
Meter
itao
6 tack
ataci;
60
29.57
.376
35.993
1 . 220833
7 1 . 70835
i 1 3 . 09 > B
29.66559
190.75
10.3
5.7
34
13. 16211
1.0051
.84
F-19
-------
PLANT
PLttNT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
METHODS 2 —S
RESULTS
JOHN ZINK
flJLSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J 2-1201-«S-03
12/01/87
1920-2024
PARAMETER KESULI
Vmvdsct) 35.61675
VmCdscnu 1.008666
Vw gasisct) 44.45302
Vw gas vscm.< 1.25891
'•'. moirture r5.ol736
Md .4443215
MWd --T.o/6
MW 23.2327
Vsctpm; 2157.885
Vs (rnpm;. 657.8913
FlowvoC^m) 1694. b
-------
TEST
METHOD 5
ICLJL-^TE I_O*=»D 1 IM<3
: JOHN ZINK
: TULSA , OK
: SCRUBBER OUTLET
: BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-03
: 12/01/87
: 1920-2024
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLINGS LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL (A*) ffL ft \
Total Grams
Grams/dsc-f
Grams/acf
Grains/dscf
Grains/aci
'••jr ^T.'=>.- dscm
drams/acm
r'ounos/asc-f
Pounds/ ad
F'ounds/Hr
Kilograms/Hr
.U095000
U.0002387
0. U035924
..•.•..•01J.17-
O. i.Ml'i.-'OOOS
0 . i.'UOO'.>02
<:> . 0 1 V 1 48S
0 . OO86858
0.01027OU
0.0002383
0. 0001 '.'32
0.0044492
0.0015911
•.'. 01 (.' 1 c316
0. 00364.;.4
O.OOOOvOo
'.'. OOO0002
0.0231362
O.i.»1049<»5
Program Revision:I/l6/fc4
F-21
-------
SOURCE TEST
METHOD 2 —S
I ON
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-JZ-1201-AS-03
12/01/87
1920-2024
Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 aeg-F ,29.92 in. Hg.»
Y :: Vm :: CT(std; +• 460] ;: CPb + (Pm/13.6) 3
VffllStd) =
P(std; •. ; fm -f 460)
l.vOSl •: .'.5.=^a :: di2S :: L LJ9.57 •< •• : ..::;•..•-71 .13.6.- 2
^;9.-?2 :: i .-'1.70835 + 460)
^mistd.' = 35.6l7dsc-f
Volume ot water vapor at standard conditions:
Vw(gas) = 0.04715 cf/gm :: W(l) gm
Vwtgas) = 0.04715 :•: 942.3 = 44.453 scf
Percsnt Moisture in stack gas :
100 :: I'w lgas)
MM =
Vmistd) + Vwvgas/
100 x 44.453
•/.tt = = 55.52 7.
35.617 * 44.453
4) Mole fraction of dry stack gas :
100 - 7.M 100 - 55.52
Md - . .4448215
100 100
f-22
-------
T 1 OM
TWO
P
iJWverage Molecular Weight o-f DRY stack gas :
MWd = (.44 ;: 7.C02) + 1.32 :•: 7.02) •»• (.28 :: 7.N2)
MWd = (.44 :; 10.3 ) + v . 32 :< 5.7 > -f i . 28 :< 34 ) = 29.876
ge Moiecular Weiqnt of wee stack gas :
MW = MWd :: Md -»• 18(1 - Md;
.•!W := JV.37& .: .4448215 * Id (I - .4446215 • - 13.2827
K cas .eiocitv in ^eet-per-nunute «tpm; at stack .:oncn ti ins :
m
il's - KpxCp :: C3URT (dP)Jiav'eJ :: SQRT CTs :.avq>J :: 5QRT C 1 / (Ks::h'.«J) j :: bOsec/:nin
i Mi
v's = rf5.4V :: .84 :: tjO :: 13. Io211 :: SQRTLl/l 29.6o559 X 23.2827 )]
Vs = 2157.385 FPM
Hverace Htack gas dry volumetric -flow rate (DSCFM) :
Vs :: «5 :: !1d :: T(3td) :: Ps
Usd =
144 cu. in./cu. 11. :: (T«s >46<".o :: Plstd;
J157.885 :: 113.0976 :: .4448215 ::52Bx 29.6o559
usd =
144 :: 650. 75 :< 29.92
Qsd = 606.4793 dscfm
F-23
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Isokinetlc sampling rate (X):
Dimensional Constant C • K4 x 144 x [l/(pI/4)]
k4 - .0945 For English Units
IX - C x Vmfstd) x (Ts + 460)
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (On) 2
IX • 1039.574 x 35.61675 x 650.75
2157.885 x 60 x 29.66559 x .4448215 x ( .376) 2
IX - 99.75398
Excess air (X):
EA - 100 x X02 100 x 5.7
(.264 x XN2) - X02 (.264 x 84) - 5.7
EA « 34.60
Participate concentration:
Cs - (grams As)./Vm(std) • .01027/35.61675
Cs - 0.0002883 Grams/DSCF
Ca - Tfstd) x Md x Ps x Cs
P(std) x Ts
Ca - 528 x .4448215 x 29.66559 x 0.0002883
29.92 x 650.75
Ca • 0.0001032 Grams/ACF
16 As/hr * Cs x 0.002205 x Qsd x 60
16 As/hr - 0.002883 x 0.002205 x 606.5 x 60
16 As/hr - .0231362
16 As,0, - 16 As x 16 mole As x 16 mole As?0. x 16 As.,0-
z 3 hr 16 As 2 16 mole AsJ 16 molfiA
16 As-0, - 0.0231362 x 197.84
L * 74.92 x 2
16 As203 - 0.0305
S2°3
F-24
-------
PARAMETER
RAD X AIM SOURCE
EF-A rtEXMOOS 12 —5
DEF" IIM IT IOM OF" TERMS
DEFINITION
Tt(min.)
Dn tin.)
Psdn.H20)
Vm (cu. -f t. >
Vw(gm.)
Pm(in.H2Q;
Tm(F)
Pb vin.Hg.;
X LG2
"'. 'J2
:•: :J2
SQft(DELPS)
As (5c\. in.;
Ts vF.1
Vm
-------
AOivwionof
U.S.
POU.UTIOM
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD YA 22151
REPORT NUMBER: L002008
(AMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2330-01 DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
USTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-01 & -02 DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
ATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER/LIQ
i
I-ARAMETER REE—ilEIUflD PET. LlhLT. RESIJLJ.
JRSENIC ics ~ UG -uso UG
EINAL UEIGHT OF FILTER 0.0001 OfAMS 0.301? GPAh;
BDL = BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-26
5324 Wwi 48th Street South • P.O. Box 965? • Tuta. Oktahom 74157-0857 • (918) 446-1162
-------
I IWI^ML. MI^ML. I I IWML. LMDUHM I UHICO
A0«v»cnol
u»
POLLUTION
CONTNOt. MC
S. SCHWARTZ
UERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
VA 22151
I
PORT NUMBER: L002008
KMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-02
STOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-03 « -04
TE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
tRAMETER
PAGE
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 1JV03/87
D£L_JJJ1IJ.
(T)
1": U G
57S Ub
DL = BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-27
5324 Wwt 46tti Street South • P.O. Box 9857 • Tuta. Oktahom 74157-0657 • (918) 446-1162
-------
MM I IUNAL ANALY I IUAL LADUHA I
A Divwonof
|U.»
LUTIOM
COMTHOL. INC
S. 3CHUARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
22151
?fl|fORT NUMBER: L002008
1
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 23SO-03
:«TOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-05 «. -06
3(W"E SAMPLED: 12/01/87
fYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER/LIQ
MAM.
I
PAGE
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
£I£R
ENic (T)
UC-MGHT OF FILTER
E£F,._ri£IHQD
108
::• us
0 . 000 J C'Ri
EJLSJJLJ.
7300 UG
= BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-28
S324 Wast 46th Street South • P.O. Box 9857 • Tutu. Oktahora 74157-0657 • (918) 446-1162
-------
IWIMML MI^MUI I IOML LMDUHMI
ADiwonof
POLLUTION
COMTMOC. IMC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
VA 22151
I
PORT NUMBER: L002008
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2330-04
KSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-07 & -Ob
. TE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
JSEW ic m
:: Lib
BDL = 6ELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-29
5324 West 46th Street South • P.O. B« 9857 • Tofct. OW^oro 74157-0857 • (918) 446-1162
-------
NAIIUNAL ANALY IIUAL LABURA1 UHltb
ADiviwonof
.
FOllUTION
COMTKOt IMC.
s. E;C:HUARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
VA 22151
I
PORT NUMBER: L002008
KMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-05
STOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-09 & -10
TE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER/LIQ
PAGE
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
D£L.._.Ll£LLL
BESJJUL
1 OS-
UCCIGi-IT OF FILTER
UG
GKr-ihT>
*BDL = BELOW DETECTION LIMIT
F-30
5324 West 46th Street South • P.O. Box 9657 • Tulst. Oktrtoma 74157-0657 • (918) 446-1162
-------
A Divifconot
POLLUTION
CONTHOL. IMC.
S. SCHUARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
'v»A 22151
REPORT NUMBER: L002008
I
3A^
I
TT!
AMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-06
Q1ISTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-11 & -12
|TE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
'PE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
ELE.— r
lOS
I
SEN 1C -T;
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
n£L_jJLmi
1770 UG
SDL = BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-31
S324 Wast 46th Street South • P.O. Box 9657 • Tuta. Oktatnra 74157-0657 • (918) 446-1162
-------
I IV-MMHL.
A DivBonof
I IOML. l-MDUHM I
POLLUTION
COM1AOL. IHC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
VA 22151
I
ORT NUMBER: L002008
KPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-07
TOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-13 H20 BLANK
E SAMPLED: 12/01/87
YPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
EEE-_JiEia£Ul
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
HATE COMPLETED: 12/03/67
QEL._LItUJ.
RESULT
N ic CD
:: uo
E;DL. UG
= BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
F-32
5324 West 46th Street South • P.O. Box 9657 • Tufea. OkM«n« 74157-0857 • (918) 446-1162
-------
IWNML AINHL I I IOML LMDUnM I
A Dtvwonof
U.S.
MH.LUTWM
COMTMOC. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINi3FIELO
22151
i
FORT NUMBER: LOO2006
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 23SO-06
cBsTOfiER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-14 NAOH BLANK
W|TE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
PAGE
8
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
CELL. LIilI.1
B££JJLI
-;T>
10S
EiCiL UG
= BELOW DETECTION LIMIT
F-33
5324 West 46th Street South • P.O. Box 9857 • Tutor Okfeftomi 74157-0857 • (918) 446-1162
-------
D*C. (DDMhiYT):
Initials of Calibrator:
Noczln .
Identification
Ho.
! ..
1 (inches)
Di | D>
(inches) j (inches)
i
Average
Oiaaeter
(inches)
Not.-
acceptable difference btcvetn any two ««»«urement» li
If thi» tolerance cmnnoe be met, the norxle should not
b»
F-34
-------
Date (DDMHT): ///?«A 7
Initials of Calibrator:
Mote: Thii auciaxa acceptAble difference between any cvo measurements is
0.004 inches. If chis tolerance cannot be net, the nozzle should not
be uaed.
Nozzle calibration-sheet.
F-35
-------
I
CO
en
rtMi
Mil
MI UTHATMt
ITMCfMflM.lfj
ran*
MATH Ml «ll
MflKKC o
'
B
»
I
»r
Source Sc«plin| Flold D«t*
-------
ORGANIC SWIRLING TRAIN RECOVERY SHEET
•IN* Mi V WAI. •••. C10H CtWMI). CHMMI » .
•UM. tM "U V MltH
tnm.
tm
imm ma tmm*.
I HUM! tlWI
am raw <•••»)
(•HI: C» t UHl
. I («*)
ilMU'
CMUMI H
1 *
OTK «W« MM
(IM l»I^V •
frill X >!•)
1 •> UIMIV <•!)
ft
K.O.
•H HWU «• i«BK OUIHW VfICWKT • MM » l*nat*l «.
I MM)
UIIUI
•I*
il* d«UI
F-37
-------
nun.
•ATI.
/
rao« UKIN M« im. ri'
Mint i.»
IMTll lift
M«IT turf ««IMf
IMfll •»••••
•IIU MI •••(•
• IU
IU1K PMtUM. If I
EMU MT1N
MMIIMIMUM.
•fritiKf «»
MtWOT TMVtMCraHTUTOVT MTH r L
•MUTIt
UI
tUBMC
moatf
MM
. to. M,0
oniricc rat tu«
MWC0 MtMAi
11*01
TIVtMIWI
TurtMTvn
MIT
flmj.1
OHUlf
^
rur
tlVUH
•f
2-3-0
TUrtUI
f
2TO
CO
oc
_Li
it=
1 *?7_
26
,3
^
Source Stapling Field D«t*
-------
ORGANIC SAMPLING TRAIN RECOVERY SHEET
IMI
•IWK «Mi V •UU. MM. C1QH (tOMI). CBWMI «
tut*. ran MM w Mini
221.V ,
contnti •
MM.
IMI
vr tin
II*)
V •• t»i«i<* MM
•< te'Mw <•)) !•. II* Uc
tT IS.c.'.
> (r»)
tii.ib
•W M»U MI MMK oum» B?Kian • MM M omim «.
f- S
»•»« (fr^l
M«l
IMtMT
t-JiTt*
i»»n«r^
« »••"
'-otj ir
(IM*I
F-39
-------
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
PLANT
PATE /
COMMENTS:
SAMPLING TIME (24* CLOCK)
SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLE TYPE (BAG, INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS) UsTGe.A*rif t
ANALYTICAL METHOD Q AM I
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
OPERATOR
/£
X^^ RUN
GAS ^^\
C02
02'
/It'
NET
/^
6.O
3
ACTUAL
READING
NET
AVERAGE
NET
VOLUME
9 r
C. 1
MULTIPLIER
44/100
i.:_ ::i
32/100
1
a/ioo
a/ioo
TOTAL
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF
STACK GAS (DRY BASIS)
Md, Ib/lb mole
#•<**
o
-*
I
EPA (Out) 230
4/72
-------
ft Ml
*>
mot UKIN MO im **> +H
V7(* ^ps
MWMOMMIUM. \_JSZfe__
I
HIM Ml
MIM
€Fft£!M
SMrtMtOCM
orcmrai _V2A£x^e
•I lurciUiMt
mm MAIM unM
MAIM MI« UK
MriMKCa*
r
ICNfMIK Of IMVtDtt fOHl IATWI
MM MO MCCHO M.L 0«U IVMV
I"
fe
I til
Source Scapiing Fiold D«t*
-------
ORGANIC SWUNG TRAIN RECOVERY SHEET
«n i* \iA 01 in
MMIMB KCMMB S^^vW,^__£^
1 'lint
mm i
i •
'••T mu
unn
I1IVI
»•)
II*
— o-
-
^» MM ni «•• ouittMi mic
Ultl*'
IMtltl
MMI
la«ll«r
>lwl ^ *.
»•'"". f-T-i
-------
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
PLANT
PATE
COMMENTS:
SAMPLING T*E (2Wir CLOCK)
SAMPLING LOCATIOH
SAMPLE TYPE (BAG, INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS).
ANALYTICAL METHOD 0 rt J * ~
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
OPERATOR
7
\^ RUN
GAS ^*\^
C02
02 (NET IS ACTUAL 02
READING MINUS ACTUAL
C02 READING)
CO(NET IS ACTUAL CO
READING MINUS ACTUAL
02 READING)
N2 (NET IS 100 MINUS
ACTUAL CO READING)
1
ACTUAL
READING
i0-«
l<*
NET
/*y
r ^
2
ACTUAL
READING
10. 2.
(<>•*
NET
/••i
>-.r
3
ACTUAL
READING
NET
AVERAGE
NET
VOLUME
lo.3
*'• 7
MULTIPLIER
44/100
3*/ioo
1
a/100
a/ioo
TOTAL
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF
STACK GAS (DRY BASIS)
Md, Ib/lb-mole
—
2,Q. oo
I
*>
OO
EPA(Dgf)230
4/72
-------
ICO
I
0
I
I
10
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
I I I
50.
—j
lt
• »
5.-,
I
-------
-------
-------
-------
100
I I
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
i . . -.:
I I ' IV I I I
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
--••-v;;vi,".;P~
-------
-------
-------
-------
0
100
100
-------
-------
-------
-------
I I
hi (.'on'
i ^^™
.0
ICO
0
I I
1 I !
' I
-------
-------
"S-T
-------
-------
-------
^kf C*4 Cs»~\
-------
F-77
-------
-------
: J-l. -
^hi:tii:i^
-------
o _
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
-------
too
-------
-------
J-~T
-------
-------
•P: I I
-------
------- |