FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR WASTES FROM THE PRODUCTION OF
CHLORINATED ALIPHATICS
F025
Larry Rosengrant, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Elaine Eby
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
May 1990
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No.
68-W9-0068. Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment Technology Section,
Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the
preparation of this document. The technical project officer for the
waste was Ms. Elaine Eby. Mr. Steven Silverman served as legal advisor.
Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document included
Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Assistant
Program Manager; Mr. Stanley Moore, Principal Investigator and Author;
Ms. Justine Alchowiak, Quality Assurance Officer; Ms. Martha M. Martin,
Technical Editor; and Ms. Sally Gravely, Program Secretary.
3362g
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-1
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-3
2.3 Treatability Group 2-4
3. APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.1.1 Nonwastewaters 3-1
3.1.2 Wastewaters 3-4
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-7
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters 3-7
3.2.2 Wastewaters 3-8
4. PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
4.1 Nonwastewaters 4-5
4.2 Wastewaters 4-26
5. IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) 5-1
6. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 6-1
7. REFERENCES 7-1
ii
336Zg
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Page No.
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025 (Nonwastewaters)
Light Ends Subcategory 1-7
Table 1-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025 (Wastewaters)
Light Ends Subcategory 1-7
Table 1-3 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025 (Nonwastewaters)
Spent Filters/Aids and Desiccants Subcategory 1-8
Table 1-4 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025 (Wastewaters)
Spent Filters/Aids and Desiccants Subcategory 1-8
Table 2-1 F025 Waste Characterization 2-3
Table 2-2 Waste Management/Location 2-5
Table 4-1 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #1) 4-5
Table 4-2 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #2) 4-6
Table 4-3 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #3) 4-7
Table 4-4 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #4) 4-8
Table 4-5 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #5) 4-9
Table 4-6 Treatment Performance Data Collected by EPA for
K019 (Plant A - Rotary Kiln Incinerator,
Sample Set #6) 4-10
Table 4-7 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Chloroform . 4-22
iii
3362g
-------
LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)
Paee
Table 4-8 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
1,2-Dichloroethane 4-24
Table 4-9 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
1,1-Dichloroethylene 4-25
Table 4-10 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Methylene
Chloride 4-26
Table 4-11 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Carbon
Tetrachloride 4-28
Table 4-12 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 4-29
Table 4-13 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Trichloroethene 4-30
Table 4-14 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Vinyl
Chloride 4-33
Table 4-15 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Hexachloroethane 4-33
Table 4-16 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Hexachlorobenzene 4-33
Table 4-17 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Hexachlorobutadiene 4-33
Table 6-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for F025
(Nonwastewaters) 6-8
Table 6-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for F025
(Wastewaters) 6-9
IV
3362g
-------
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Page No.
Appendix A Matrix Spike Recovery Data for K001 and K019
Nonwastewaters A-l
Appendix B Discussion of Determination of BOAT for F025
Wastewater Constituents B-l
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Generic Flow Diagram for Processes Generating
F024 and F025 2-2
v
3362g
-------
1. INTRODUCTION
In accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is promulgating best demonstrated available technology
(BOAT) treatment standards for F025 wastes. The listing of F025 as a
RCRA hazardous waste will become effective June 11, 1990. EPA has
therefore decided to promulgate concentration-based treatment standards
for F025 waste with the Third Third rulemaking. According to the
December 11, 1989, Federal Register notice, F025 wastes will be listed as
condensed light ends, spent filters and filter aids, and spent desiccant
wastes from the production of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
by free radical catalyzed processes having carbon chain lengths ranging
from one to five.
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting the constituents to be regulated in F025
and for developing treatment standards for these constituents. Section 2
presents waste-specific information, i.e., the industry affected and
waste characterization. Section 3 discusses the applicable and
demonstrated technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes),
and Section 4 summarizes the available performance data, including data
on which the treatment standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA'S
determination of BOAT, while Section 6 discusses the calculation of BOAT
treatment standards.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for
establishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for
requesting a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in
EPA's Methodology for Developing Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989b).
1-1
3366g
-------
F025 waste, although not officially listed at the writing of this
document, will be listed on June 11, 1990, as condensed light ends, spent
filters and filter aids, and spent desiccant wastes from the production
of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons having chain lengths
ranging from one to five. Note that earlier the Agency proposed listing
F025 as "light ends" but now is planning to narrow the listing to include
only "condensed light ends." Industry profile information is available
in the Listing Background,Document for Chlorinated Aliphatics, which
include F024 waste, for which BOAT treatment standards were promulgated
as part of the Second Third rulemaking.
Detailed waste information is available in EPA Confidential Business
Information (CBI) report RE8401270, Waste Management Assessment of the
Chlorinated Aliphatics Industry, (December 1983), and CBI memorandum
BP8501952, Economic Impact Screening Analysis of the Chlorinated
Aliphatics Listing, (March 31, 1985). Persons with CBI clearance may
request CBI information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Policy, Planning, and Information (attention: Dina Villari).
The Agency is regulating eight organic constituents in F025
nonwastewaters and wastewaters in the light ends subcategory and nine
organic constituents in F025 nonwastewaters and wastewaters in the spent
filters/aids and desiccants subcategory. (See Tables 1-1 through 1-4 at
the end of this section.) To determine the applicability of the
treatment standards, F025 wastewaters are defined as wastes containing
&
less than 1 percent (weight basis) total suspended solids and less
The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids."
Specifically, total suspended solids is measured by Method 209C
(total suspended solids dried at 103-105°C) in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition
(APHA, AWWA, and WPCF 1985).
1-2
3366g
-------
than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOG). Wastes not
meeting this definition are classified as nonwastewaters and must comply
with the nonwastewater treatment standards which will become effective
December 11, 1990.
For F025 nonwastewaters, BOAT treatment standards are based on
treatment performance data transferred from K001 (creosote), and K019
incineration performance data. For today's final rulemaking the F025
wastewaters BOAT treatment standards are based on treatment performance
data transferred from EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for Wastewater forms of Organic U and P wastes
and Multisource Leachates (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based
Treatment Standards, Volume A.
For the proposed rule the Agency proposed wastewater standards for
F025 wastewaters based on treatment performance data from incinerator
scrubber water residuals. The Agency noted, however, that for the final
rule these wastewater standards may change based on the alternative
treatment performance data from the treatment of various wastewaters
data. A discussion of the revised F025 wastewater treatment standards
based on the treatment performance data transferred from the Final Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for
Wastewater Forms Of Organic U and P Wastes and Multisource Leachates
(F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards,
Volume A is presented below.
In the final rule for the Land Disposal Restrictions for Third Third
Wastes, EPA is promulgating concentration-based treatment standards for
many wastewater forms of RCRA hazardous wastes including wastes
identified with either an F, K, U, or P. In section III.A.1.(h)(6) of
the proposed rule for Third Third wastes (54 FR 48390 (November 22,
1-3
3366g
-------
1989)), the Agency specifically proposed two alternative sets of
concentration-based standards for the majority of the U and P wastewaters
for which concentration-based standards could be established.
One set of standards for the U and P wastewaters (along with the
standards for most of the F and K wastewaters) were based on the
concentration of these constituents as measured in incinerator scrubber
water where specific RCRA hazardous nonwastewaters containing these
constituents (or similar constituents) were incinerated. (These
standards were proposed primarily in sections III.A.2 and 3. of the
proposed rule.)
An alternate set of standards was based on a transfer of treatment
performance data for wastewaters containing these constituents (or
similar constituents) from various data sources including: (1) the
Office of Water's Industrial Technology Division (ITD) and National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) data (specifically from
the Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers (OCPSF) data base);
(2) the Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) data
base; (3) the Office of Solid Waste's BOAT data (from previous land
disposal restrictions rules); and (4) additional wastewater treatment
data from literature articles on wet air oxidation and PACT. These
alternative wastewater treatment standards were presented in section
III.A.7. of the proposed Third Third Rule (54 FR 48467) as treatment
standards for wastewater forms of multisource leachate, but were
specifically identified as alternative standards for U and P
wastewaters. Additional data from the treatment of multisource leachate
were received just prior to proposal and were placed in the
administrative record. EPA specifically solicited public comment on
these treatment data (54 FR 48463 and 48464).
1-4
3366g
-------
As stated in the Final Rule for Land Disposal Restrictions for Second
Third Wastes (54 FR 26629) and reiterated in the proposed rule for Third
Third Wastes (54 FR 48390), when the Agency has appropriate wastewater
treatment data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment
units, it prefers to use these data rather than scrubber water
concentrations to develop wastewater treatment standards. (Note: This
does not, however, preclude the Agency from establishing treatment
standards for other wastes based on constituent concentrations in
incinerator scrubber waters, and has done so for many F and K wastes and
some U and P wastes in the final rules for First Third and Second Third
Wastes.)
Commenters to the proposed rules for First Third, Second Third, and
Third Third Wastes almost unanimously supported that EPA should
promulgate wastewater standards based on the performance of specific
wastewater treatment rather than incinerator scrubber water constituent
levels. After reviewing all available data arid comments, the Agency
agrees with this comment, and is promulgating concentration-based
treatment standards based on wastewater treatment data rather than
scrubber water for all wastes that were proposed in the rule for Third
Third Wastes. While the Agency did not specifically identify the
standards based on wastewater treatment data as alternatives for F and K
wastewaters, the Agency believes that this is a logical outgrowth of the
notice and comment process.
More detailed information on the technical development of the
constituent specific treatment standards for wastewaters can be found in
the background document entitled BOAT Background Document for Wastewaters
Containing BOAT List Constituents.
The tables following this section list the specific BOAT treatment
standards for the F025 nonwastewaters and wastewaters light ends
subcategory and the spent filters/aids and desiccants subcategory. The
1-5
3366g
-------
treatment standards reflect the total concentration of each organic
constituent regulated in F025 wastes. The units used for total
constituent concentration are mg/kg (parts per million on a
weight-by-weight basis) for nonwastewaters and mg/1 (parts per million on
a weight-by-volume basis) for wastewaters.
1-6
3366g
-------
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025
(Nonwastewaters)
Light Ends Subcategory
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Total composition
Regulated constituent (mg/kg)
Chloroform 6.2
Carbon tetrachloride 6 . 2
1,2-Dichloroethane 6.2
1,1-Dichloroethylene 6.2
Methylene chloride 31
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 6.2
Trichloroethylene 5.6
Vinyl chloride 33
Table 1-2 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025
(Wastewaters)
Light Ends Subcategory
Based on composite
samples
Total composition
Regulated constituent (mg/1)
Chloroform 0.046
Carbon tetrachloride 0.057
1,2-Dichloroethane 0-21
1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.025
Methylene chloride 0.089
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.054
Trichloroethylene 0.054
Vinyl chloride 0.27
1-7
3366%
-------
Table 1-3 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025
(Nonwastewaters)
Spent Filters/Aids and Desiccants Subcategory
Maximum for any
single grab sample
Total composition
Regulated constituent (mg/kg)
Chloroform 6.2
Carbon tetrachloride 6.2
Hexachlorobenzene 37
Hexachlorobutadiene 28
Hexachloroethane 30
Methylene chloride 31
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 6.2
Trichloroethylene 5.6
Vinyl chloride 33
Table 1-4 BOAT Treatment Standards for F025
(Wastewaters)
Spent Filters/Aids and D&siccants Subcategory
Based on composite
samples
Total composition
Regulated constituent (mg/1)
Chloroform 0.046
Carbon tetrachloride 0.057
Hexachlorobenzene 0.055
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.055
Hexachloroethane 0.055
Methylene chloride 0.089
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.054
Trichloroethylene 0.054
Vinyl chloride 0.27
1-8
3366g
-------
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industry affected by the land disposal
restrictions for F025 wastes and presents available characterization data
for this waste. At the writing of this document, F025 was not currently
listed in 40 CFR; however, F025 will be officially listed on June 11,
1990, as follows: condensed light ends, spent filters and filter aids,
and spent desiccant wastes from the production of certain chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons by free radical catalyzed processes having carbon
chain lengths ranging from one to five.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
The listing background document for F024 specifies that F024 wastes
include, but are not limited to, distillation residue, heavy ends, tars,
and reactor clean-out wastes from the production of chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons utilizing free radical catalyzed processes that carbon chain
lengths ranging from one to five carbons , The F024 listing does not
include (among other components) the condensed light ends, spent filters
and filter aids, and spent desiccant wastes, which will be listed as F025
wastes.
Since the production processes for F025 wastes are likely to be
similar to that for F024, see Section 2 of the Best Demonstrated
Available Technology Background Document for Chlorinated Aliphatics F024
(USEPA 1989g) for generic information concerning process description and
facilities that are likely to generate wastes from the production of
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Figure 2-1 presents a generic
process diagram of the production of one to five carbon chain (C-l to
C-5) chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which generates F024. This
diagram shows the light ends and filters that are expected to be
components of the F025 wastes.
2-1
3367g
-------
no
By-producl
V*nt
Co*
Water
1 t
HCI
Recovery
Unit
i
Reactor
VMlCa*
Spent Scrubber Water
Id Treatment
Venl Cot
Caustic, Ammonia,
F025
to
I
10
Chlorocorbon
or
Hydrocarbon
Feeditock*
Chlorln*
:otoly*t
Unr*act*d F**d*loch '
1
Serie* of
CMorlnallon
Reactor*
(al leait on*
reactor mull
haw* Ire*
radical
converilon*) .
1
FO
— »jn
Spent 1
loRec
lr*ol
25 f
ler 1 — •>• Product
r— ' Separation
Step*
I
Calaly*!
ycl* or
menl
ana/ or auuuric
Acid Solution*
Crude 1
Product I
Stream* Woihlng
^ and
Neulralltallon
Slop*
1
Spent Waih
Solution*
lo Recycle
or Treatment
Ughl End*
t
Filtering
Dessicating
1
Heavy End*
lo Recycle,
. Chlorinated Aliphatic
Hydrocarbon Producl(*)
Reactor Reildue*.
Qeanoul Wait**,
and far*
(n»24)
lo Treatment
and/or
Ditpoial
and/or
Oiepotal
Figure 2-1. Generic Row Diagram for Processes Generating F024 and F025
-------
2.2
Waste Characterization
Waste characterization for F025 is incomplete since only part of the
industry was surveyed and generators did not provide complete
information. However, Table 2-1 summarizes the available data for F025
wastes.
Table 2-1 F025 Waste Characterization'
Constituents
Light ends
Filters/Aids
Desiccants
1,1, 2 -Trichloroe thane
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene
1 , 2 - Dichloroe thane
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroe thane
Chloroform
Hydrogen chloride
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroe thane
Methylene chloride
Trichioroethylene
Vinyl chloride
0.01-0.1%
0.1-1%
1-25%
0.1-50%
1-50%
10-50%
>50%
-
-
-
0.01-1.3%
0.09%
10->50%
D
-
-
0.1-1%
-
0.0001-10%
-
-
3 . 6 ppm
-
0.1-10%
-
.D
-
-
0.01-50%
.
0.01-50%
-
0.62 ppm
1-3.6 ppm
350 ppm
0.01-50%
4 ppm
D - Detected
- - No data available.
aSome of the data ranges were expanded to help conceal Confidential
Business Information.
References: Dynamac Corporation, 1989, USEPA 1984.
2-3
3367g
-------
As previously mentioned, the data for F025 waste are incomplete;
however, the Listing Document for Chlorinated Aliphatics lists the waste
volume of F025 as 29,000 metric tons, which is about one-third of the
100,000 metric tons calculated from the support data. Since EPA is now
going to list only condensed light ends and associated filter aids, the
actual volumes will be less than the data shown in Table 2-2, which are
estimates based on industry surveys and engineering assumptions.
Table 2-2
Waste Management/Location
Incinerator Landfill Recycle/Reuse Volume
Onsite (%) Offsite (%) Offsite (%) Onsite (%) (kkg/yr)
Light Ends 18
Filters/Aids 19
Dessicants
Total
2 - 80 99,566
81 - 422
38 62 300
100,288
- - No data available.
Reference: USEPA 1984.
2.3 Treatabilitv Group
EPA bases its treatability group decisions primarily on whether
wastes are generated by the same or similar industries and from similar
processes. EPA believes that such groupings can be made because of the
high probability that waste characteristics that affect treatment
performance will be similar for different types of F025 wastes and,
therefore, similar levels of treatment performance can be achieved.
Based on the anticipated similarities among industries and processes
2-4
3367g
-------
generating F025, the Agency has categorized F025 waste as a single
treatability group identified as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. For
the purpose of establishing treatment standards, F025 wastes have been
grouped into two subcategories: condensed light ends and filters/aids
and desiccants. Available characterization data suggest that different
constituents may be contained in each of these subcategories.
Consequently, the Agency is promulgating concentration-based treatment
standards to reflect these differences in physical and chemical
composition. As a result, EPA is promulgating treatment standards for
these two subcategories identified in Tables 1-1 to 1-4.
2-5
3367g
-------
3. APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
This section identifies the treatment technologies that are
applicable to the F025 wastes and determines which, if any, of the
applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose of
establishing BOAT.
To be applicable, a technology must be theoretically usable to treat
the waste in question or to treat a waste that is similar in terms of the
parameters that affect treatment selection. (For detailed descriptions
of the technologies applicable for these wastes, or for wastes judged to
be similar, see EPA's Treatment Technology Background Document (USEPA
1989f).) To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in
full-scale operation for the treatment of the waste in question or a
similar waste. Technologies that are available only at research
facilities or at pilot- and bench-scale operations are not considered in
identifying demonstrated technologies.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
The following subsections present applicable treatment technologies
for F025 wastes (nonwastewaters and wastewaters).
3.1.1 Nonwastevaters
Since nonwastewater forms of these wastes contain hazardous organic
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable treatment
technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount of
various organic compounds in the waste. The Agency has identified the
following treatment technologies as applicable for these wastes:
(1) incineration (fluidized bed, rotary kiln, and liquid injection);
(2) solvent extraction followed by incineration or recycle of the extract
and/or raffinate (residual); (3) critical fluid extraction followed by
3-1
3368s
-------
incineration; (4) wet air oxidation; (5) chemical oxidation; and
(6) distillation. A seventh technology, total recycle or reuse, may also
be applicable for F025 waste. These treatment technologies were
identified based on current waste treatment practices and engineering
judgment.
(1) Incineration. Incineration is a destruction technology in
which energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to
destabilize chemical bonds and destroy hazardous organic constituents.
In a fluidized bed incinerator, waste is injected into the fluidized bed
material (generally sand and/or incinerator ash), where it is heated to
its ignition temperature. Heat energy from the combustion reactions is
then transferred back to the fluidized bed. Ash is removed periodically
during operation and during bed change-outs.
In a rotary kiln incinerator, waste is fed into the elevated end of
the kiln, and the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to
heat the waste to its ignition temperature. Ash is removed from the
lower end of the kiln. Combustion gases from the kiln enter the
afterburner for complete destruction of waste constituents. Other wastes
may also be injected into the afterburner.
In a liquid injection incinerator, liquid wastes are atomized and
injected into the incinerator. In general, only wastes with low or
negligible ash content are amenable to liquid injection incineration.
Therefore, this technology generally does not result in the generation of
a significant ash residual.
Combustion gases from most incinerators are fed to a scrubber system
for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and acid gases, if
present. In general, with the exception of liquid injection
incineration, two residuals are generated by incineration processes: ash
and scrubber water.
3-2
3368g
-------
(2) Solvent extraction. Solvent extraction is a separation
technology whereby a contaminant dissolved in a liquid waste is
transferred from the waste to an extracting solvent that dissolves the
contaminant. For solvent extraction to be effective, the extracting
solvent must not be significantly miscible in the waste to be treated and
must differ in density so that phase separation is possible. This
technology results in the generation of two residuals: a treated waste
residual (raffinate) and an extract. The extract and/or raffinate may be
recycled or treated by incineration.
(3) Critical fluid extraction. Critical fluid extraction is a
solvent extraction technology in which the solvent (which is generally
liquified gas at or beyond its critical state) is used to extract
hazardous organic constituents from the wastes in the same way as solvent
extraction above. After the extraction step, the solvent is brought back
to its normal (ambient pressure) condition in the gaseous state,
generating a small volume of extract that is concentrated in hazardous
organic constituents. This technology results in the generation of two
residuals: a treated waste (raffinate) and an extract. The extract may
be recycled or treated by incineration. The raffinate can usually be
incinerated.
(4) Wet air oxidation. Wet air oxidation is a destruction
technology in which hazardous organic constituents in wastes are oxidized
and destroyed under pressure at elevated temperatures in the presence of
dissolved oxygen. This technology is applicable for wastes composed
primarily of water and having up to 10 percent total organic
concentration. Wet air oxidation results in the formation of one
treatment residual: treated effluent. The treated effluent may require
further treatment for hazardous organic constituents by biological
treatment and/or carbon adsorption or other wastewater treatment
technologies.
3-3
3366s
-------
(5) Chemical oxidation. Chemical oxidation is a treatment
technology that may be used to treat wastes containing organics and, in
some cases, to treat sulfide and cyanide wastes. The basic principle of
chemical oxidation is that some dissolved organic compounds, inorganic
cyanides, and sulfides are chemically oxidized to yield carbon dioxide,
water, salts, single organic acids, and, in the case of sulfides,
sulfates. The principal chemical oxidants used are hypochlorite,
chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and potassium
permanganate.
(6) Distillation. Distillation is the vaporization of one or
more volatile components out of liquid solution by the application of
heat. Individual components vaporize in order of their volatility so
that relatively pure products result upon condensation of the volatilized
components. Organic products that were volatilized are typically
purified and recovered. Nonvolatile residues of less volatile components
remain behind in the distillation vessel bottoms, which typically are
incinerated.
(7) Total recycle or reuse. Total recycle or reuse of a waste
in the same process from which it originated, or another process,
eliminates the generation of the waste and ideally generates no treatment
residuals.
3.1.2 Vastevaters
Since wastewater forms of F025 wastes contain hazardous organic
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic
compounds in the waste. Therefore, the Agency has identified the
following treatment technologies as potentially applicable for treatment
of these wastes: (1) incineration, (2) wet air oxidation, (3) chemical
oxidation, (4) biological treatment, (5) carbon adsorption, (6) solvent
3-4
3368g
-------
extraction, (7) distillation, and (8) steam stripping. A ninth
technology, total recycle or reuse, may also be applicable for F025
wastewaters. These treatment technologies were identified based on
current waste treatment practices and engineering judgment.
Application of these technologies is often dependent upon the
concentrations and types of waste constituents present in the waste.
Carbon adsorption, for example, is often used as a polishing step
following primary treatment by biological treatment, solvent extraction,
or wet air oxidation. Typically, carbon adsorption is applicable for
treatment of wastewaters containing less than 0.1 percent total organic
concentration. Typically, wet air oxidation, biological treatment, and
solvent extraction are applicable for treatment of wastewaters containing
up to 1 percent total organic concentration.
(1) Incineration. Incineration of wastewaters is identical to
that of nonwastewaters as described previously in Section 3.1.1. EPA
believes that incineration may be an applicable technology for F025
wastewaters because incineration typically provides significant
destruction (even for wastewaters) and some of these wastewaters may
actually contain high concentrations of carbon (near 1 percent total
organic carbon (TOC)).
(2) Wet air oxidation. Wet air oxidation of wastewaters is
identical to that of nonwastewaters as described previously in
Section 3.1.1.
(3) Chemical oxidation. Chemical oxidation of wastewaters is
identical to that of nonwastewaters as described previously in
Section 3.1.1.
(4) Biological treatment. Biological treatment is a technology
that uses living microorganisms to decompose organic constituents.
3-5
3368s
-------
Biological treatment can occur either in the presence of oxygen, known as
aerobic treatment, or in the absence of oxygen, known as anaerobic
treatment. In aerobic treatment the organic constituents are broken down
by the microorganisms into water, carbon dioxide, and lower molecular
weight organic components. In anaerobic treatment the organic
constituents are broken down into water, methane, and other organic
components.
(5) Carbon adsorption. Carbon adsorption is a separation
technology in which hazardous organic constituents in wastewaters are
selectively adsorbed onto activated carbon. This technology results in
the formation of two treatment residuals: a treated effluent and spent
activated carbon.
(6) Solvent extraction. Solvent extraction of wastewaters is
identical to that of nonwastewaters as described previously in
Section 3.1.1.
(7) Distillation. Distillation of wastewaters is identical to
that of nonwastewaters as described previously in Section 3.1.1.
(8) Steam stripping. Steam stripping is a technology that can
separate more volatile materials from less volatile materials by
vaporizing the more volatile materials and then condensing them. As
such, it is a type of distillation process.
(9) Total recycle or reuse. Total recycle or reuse of
wastewaters is identical to that of nonwastewaters as described
previously in Section 3.1.1.
3-6
3368g
-------
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
The following subsections present demonstrated treatment technologies
for F025 nonwastewaters and wastewaters.
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters
The Agency has identified incineration as a demonstrated technology
for treatment of similar nonwastewater forms of halogenated aliphatic
wastes, i.e., K019, F024, and various other aliphatic wastes.
Incineration is demonstrated on a full-scale operational basis for
treatment of the above-mentioned nonwastewater waste codes and other
wastes in the halogenated aliphatic treatability group, as determined by
review of the data from many of the treaters of these wastes identified
in the 1986 National Survey of Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and
Recycling Facilities (TSDR Survey). For the land disposal restrictions
program First, Second, and Third Third scheduled wastes, the Agency
tested rotary kiln incineration for treatment of many halogenated
aliphatic wastes similar to F025.
From review of the 1986 TSDR Survey and EPA's Water Engineering
Research Laboratory data base, the Agency determined that some facilities
also treat wastes judged to be similar to F025, i.e., K019, F024, and
various aliphatic U-wastes, on a full-scale operational basis using
incineration, wet air oxidation, chemical oxidation, and distillation;
therefore, EPA believes that these technologies are also demonstrated for
these wastes.
EPA does not have information on facilities using critical fluid
extraction, solvent extraction, or total recycle or reuse for treatment
of the constituents present in F025 wastes listed in Table 1-1 to 1-4,
3-7
3368g
-------
and therefore the Agency believes that these treatment technologies are
not currently demonstrated for F025 nonwastewaters.
3.2.2 Vastevaters
From review of the 1986 TSDR Survey, and data bases from EPA's Water
Engineering Research Laboratory, the Best Demonstrated Available
Technology Program, EPA's Industrial Technology Division, and the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, including performance
data from Wet Air Oxidation and Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, the
Agency has determined that some facilities treat constituents of concern
in F025 wastewaters (listed in Tables 1-1 through 1-4) using
incineration, biological treatment, carbon adsorption, wet air oxidation,
chemical oxidation, distillation, and steam stripping. Therefore, EPA
believes that these technologies are demonstrated for the F025
wastewaters. Since neither the 1986 TSDR Survey nor any of the other
above-mentioned data bases identified any facilities using critical fluid
extraction, solvent recovery, or recycle/reuse, the Agency believes that
these technologies are not demonstrated for F025 wastewaters.
3-8
3368g
-------
4. PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
This section presents the data available on the performance of the
demonstrated technologies in treating F025 wastes. These data are used
elsewhere in this document for determining which technologies represent
BOAT (Section 5) and for developing treatment standards (Section 6).
Eligible data may include data developed at research facilities, or
through other applications at less than full-scale operation, as long as
the technology is demonstrated (as defined in Section 3.2) in full-scale
operation for the similar waste or wastes.
Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific wastes
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance from the
treatment of a similar waste or wastes, using the demonstrated
performance data technology. EPA's methodology for the transfer of
treatment performance data is provided in Methodology for Developing Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Treatment Standards (USEPA
1989b). To transfer data from another waste category, EPA must find that
the wastes covered by this background document are no more difficult to
treat (based on the waste characteristics that affect performance of the
demonstrated treatment technology) than the treated wastes from which
performance data are being transferred.
4.1 Nonwastewaters
The performance data used to develop the treatment standards for the
constituents in F025 nonwastewaters identified in Tables 1-1 through 1-4
(excluding vinyl chloride) are the same as the performance data used for
K019 nonwastewaters, for which treatment standards were promulgated in
the First Third rulemaking. The performance data used to develop the
treatment standards for vinyl chloride in F025 are the F024 performance
data for vinyl chloride. These data were also used to develop the U043
vinyl chloride treatment standard in the Third Third rulemaking.
4-1
3369g
-------
In developing the treatment standards for F025, the Agency reviewed
the treatability and detection limit data from several different
incineration test burns conducted by EPA for various F and K wastes.
(These data are available in the respective BDAT background documents for
the. waste codes identified below and may be accessed through the RCRA
docket for the Third Third Land Disposal Restriction Rulemaking.) These
data represent a myriad of different hazardous wastes that were generated
and treated at several different incineration facilities.
The Agency determined that there were substantial treatment data for
many of the F025 halogenated aliphatic constituents from the incineration
of two particular waste codes: K019 (heavy ends from the distillation of
ethylene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production) and F024 (various
wastes from the production of certain halogenated aliphatics such as
distillation residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes.
There are also performance data for five of the halogenated aliphatic
U-wastes from a June 1989 test burn. Treatment standards for K019 were
promulgated in the First Third final rule on August 8, 1988; treatment
standards for F024 were promulgated in the Second Third final rule on
June 8, 1989. Data from the test burns of F024 and K019 and the June
1989 John Zink test burn included performance data/detection limits for
many of the halogenated aliphatic constituents, ranging from low levels
in some wastes to high levels in others. The Agency believes that these
treatment data (presented in Tables 4-1 to 4-8) provide a sufficient
range of concentration of halogenated aliphatic chemicals in untreated
wastes to be considered appropriate for developing treatment standards
for F025 wastes.
4.2 Wastevaters
The performance data used to develop the treatment standards for the
constituents of concern in F025 wastewaters (identified in Tables 1-1
through 1-4) are from several sources, including the following: (1)
EPA's Industrial Technology Division (ITD), (2) EPA's Water Engineering
4-2
3369g
-------
Research Laboratory (WERL) database and literature sources, and (3) Wet
Air Oxidation (WAO) and Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT) data.
Additional discussion of these wastewater treatment data may be found in
the Final BOAT Background Document for Organic U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment
Standards Volume A. These treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale data. Tables 4-9 through 4-19 (at the end of the
section) present the treatment performance data used to develop the F025
wastewater treatment standards.
The Agency chose the ITD data to promulgate treatment standards for
the following F025 wastewater constituents: chloroform, 1,2-dichloro-
ethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, methyene chloride, carbon tetrachloride,
1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. The
reasons for which the ITD database was selected are as follows:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the EPA's
Organic Chemical, Plastic, and Synthetic Fibers (OCPSF) sampling
episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term sampling
of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
data base. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
For the F025 wastewater constituents hexachlorobenzene,
hexachloroethane, and hexachlorobutadiene, the available performance data
were from the WERL database. Because the performance data are from full-
4-3
3369g
-------
scale treatment and showed significant removal efficiency, the Agency is
using these data to develop the wastewater treatment standards for
hexachlorobenzene, hexachloroethane, and hexachlorobutadiene.
4-4
33696
-------
Table 4-i (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA-FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 11 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Detected 3DAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorcbutadiene
113. Hexachioroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorober.zene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyr-ne
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlcrobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Caesium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nicicel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
Treated Waste
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiir. Asn Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration TCLP
rag/kg mg/kg -g/*g mg/L
(pom) (com) (S3S) (som)
<50
120
470
<25
61
21
76
100
<6.0
1.2
0.97
0.63
4.0
2.
3,
3,
<0.9
<2.0
5.8
<0.5
<5.0
790
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
<2
<5
:o
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
8.0
3.5
25
* * *
0.50
2,370
120
66
3.3
4. 1
12
<0.47
38
68
<0.060
<0.002
0.033
<0.003
0.200
2.690
,380
,630
<0.009
<0.020
0.052
0,
0,
'Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
sample set.
The results are repeated in each
4-5
-------
Table U-i (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)
Design
*
t
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1825-1900
120
K019: 13.1
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner ^1: 3-.9-5.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: U.a-3.7
0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
4-6
-------
Table 4-2
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY -PA FOR KOI a
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR '
I
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituer-s
r
rOLATILES
I
14.
22.
23.
34.
4. Benzene
7. Carbon cetrachioride
9. Chiorobenzene
Chlcrofora
1, '-Dichicroethane
1,2-Dichioroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methyiene chloride
*2. Tetrachioroethene
p 3. Toluene
45. 1,1,'-Trichioroethane
''7. Trichioroetr.ene
'5-217. Xylene ^tctal)
2. Acetone
|6. Ethyl benzene
•9. Methyl isciutyl ketone
SEHIVOLATILSS
• Acenapnthaler.e
• Anthracene
• Benzo(k)flucranthene
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-€thyihexyl) phthalate
Chrysene
o-Dichlorobenzene
P-Dichlorobenzene
Di-n-butyl phthalate
fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexachlorober.zene
§
SAMPLE SET
K019
Concentration
rag/kg
(pom)
Untreated Wa«t-o
280
<10
SNA
<10
74
16
60
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(cnm)
<2fOOO
3,800
<2,000
5,800
<2,000
96,000
< 10, 000
< 10, 000
6,700
<2,000
33,000
2,400
<2,000
< 10, 000
<2,000
<10,000
2.000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
. "90
2,300
'30
360
3,400
:,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Csnaentratior
"S/icg
<2
<2
<2
C2
<2
^e.
'2
<
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
are repeal in
4-7
-------
Table 4-2 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 12 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
»
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS '
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Bariua
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
K019
Concentration
ing/kg
(ppm)
<50
85
314
<25
51
15
62
65
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.46
3.4
1.7
2.3
3.6
<0.9
<2.0
6.9
<0.5
<5.0
NA
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/tcg
(pom)
210
<100
(20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
Kiln Ash
Concentration
mg/kg
(pom)
<2
<5
10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
6.8
2.8
23
0.96
60
3,430
42
89
3.4
4.8
13
<0.47
5.1
<50
Kiln A
TCLP
rag/L
(oom)
i
<0.00
NA Not Analyzed.
•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
4-8
-------
Table 4-2 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED 3Y EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 12 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter Design Operating Value
Kiln Temperature (°F) * 1800-1880
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min) • 120
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr) • K019: 12.2
RCRA Blend, .
Waste Burner $1: 5.2-5.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: U.u-9.7
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM) • 0.19-0-21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential-Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemalcing.
4-9
-------
Table U-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA F.OR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 13
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chiorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichlopoethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isooutyl ketone
Untreated Waste
K019
Concentration
ing/kg
(pom)
<2,000
3,500
<2,000
5,000
<2,000
87,000
<10,000
<10,000
6,000
<2,000
34,000
2,200
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(oom)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
rreated Waste
Kiln Ash
'or.eentration
( ppn)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Dl-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
290
<10
SNA
<10
80
19
73
150
110
67
(20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
4-10
-------
Table 4-3 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED 3Y EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET *3 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane '
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected 3DAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
(pom) (oom) (oom)
<50
95
350
<25
59
11
67
70
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.53
3.5
1.7
3.4
2.3
<0.9
<2.0
<0.5
<5.0
NA
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.3
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
<2
<5
10
<2
<2
<2
5
<5
<0.47
6.1
64
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(ppm)
9.2
5.7
54
3.6
202
290
118
169
1.9
6.0
16
<0.060
<0.002
0.057
0.005
0.260
7.030
0.620
0.960
<0.009
<0.020
0.170
NA = Not Analyzed.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
4-11
-------
Table U-3 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED 3Y EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR .
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)
Kiln Solids Residence" Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)
Desien
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1850-1900
120
K019: >2-u
RCRA Blend,
Waste 'Burner fl: 5.2-5.3
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner $2: y.--S.U
0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Ir.fcrmation.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
4-12
-------
Table 4-4
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET *4
Untreated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorooenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Triehloroethene .
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
2EMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(lc)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
mg/lcg
(ppm)
<2fOOO
3,900
<2,000
5,300
<2,000
122,000
<10,000
< 10, 000
7,200
<2tOOO
44,000
2,300
<2,000
< 10 ,000
<2,000
< 10, 000
<10
<10
<10
310
<10
SNA
<10
84
<10
<10
21
61
. RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/lcg
(pom)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
SCiin Asn
Concentration
mg/kg
(spm)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
12
<2
<2
<2
230
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
4-13
-------
Table 4-4 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET *4 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Asn
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
"54. Antizony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
153. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
NA = Not Analyzed.
mg/kg
(pom)
<50
94
360
<25
64
19
82
74
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.3
1.8
<1.0
2.4
2.2
<0.9
<2.0
9.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
mg/kg
(pom)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
7S
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
(corn)
C10
<2
<5
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
<6.0
5.7
3.4
<0.3
28
1,270
25
69
2.6
<2.0
11
<0.47
3-2
<50
Kiln Asn
TCLP
mg/L
(oora)
<0.060
<0.002
0.036
0.005
0.110
1.940
0.320
0.870
<0.009
<0.020
0.056
Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
sample set.
The results are repeated in each
4-14
-------
Table U-4 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED 3Y EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #U (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Temperature (°F)
Kiln Solids Residence time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)
Desien
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1775-'900
120
K019: 12.7
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: H.i-7.3
0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
4-15
-------
Table U-5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5
Untreated Waste
Detected 3DAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4 . Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichioroethane
23. i ,2-Dichlopoe thane
3^. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
«3. Toluene
45. 1,1, 1-Tpichlopoe thane
47. Tpichlopoethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenapnthalene
57. Anthracene
65. 3enzo(k)fluoranthene
68. 3is(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlopobenzene
88. p-Dichlopobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
SNA
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(pom)
<2fOOO
4,000
<2,000
6,000
<2,000
130,000
<10,000
<10,000
7,800
<2,000
45,000
2,500
<2fOOO
<10tOOO
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<10
340
<10
SNA
<10
90
<10
<10
19
87
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(ODD)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
.reared wasta
Kiln Asn•
Concentration^
ng/kg
Coom)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in
sample set.
data-
each
4-16
-------
Table 4-5 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET *5 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Tr i chlorobenzene
Detected BOAT.List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
KETALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
150. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(pom)
<50
113
371
<25
63
19
<10
<10
73
72
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(pom)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
Kiln Asn
Concentration
ag/fcg
(som)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(com)
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.36
3.2
2.1
2.5
4.8
<0.9
<2.0
4.7
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
<0.5
<5.0
NA
0.9
31
830
9-1
3:9
2*
' .2
"25
730
36
166
3-3
5.7
22
<0.060
<0.002
0 . 05^
0 . 006
C.210
2 . ' y 0
C.290
1.270
<0.009
<0.020
0 . GSr,
23
64
NA = Not Analyzed.
"Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
sample set.
The results are repeated in eacr.
4-17
-------
Table 4-5 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 15 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter Design Operating Value
Kiln Temperature (°F? * 1775-1800
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min) * 120
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr) * K019: 11.7
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5.5-6.0
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner $2: 5.2-9.7
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM) * 0.19-0.21
*This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
4-18
-------
Table 4-6
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED 3Y EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform'
22. 1,1-Dichlcroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane •
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylerie (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229- Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenapthalene
Anthracene
3enzo(k) f luoranthene
3is(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Chrysene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexachlorobenzene
57.
55.
68.
70.
80.
87..
88.
98.
108.
109.
110.
K019
Concentration
mg/kg
(ppm)
<2,000
4,100
<2,000
5,600
<2,000
98,000
<10,000
<10,000
6,900
<2,000
44,000
2,500
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
JJntrgated Waste
230
<10
SNA
<10
90
22
66
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
rag /kg
(com)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
nig/kg
(com)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NES Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
• Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
4-19
-------
Table 4-6 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA .FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ,
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
S-MIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachiorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachiorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
1«5. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichioroenzene
Detected 3DAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
KETALS
154.
155.
156.
158.
159.
160.
161.
163.
165.
167.
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cacaium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Vanadium
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
NA = Not Analyzed.
Untreated Waste
K019
Concentration
ag/tcg
(oom)
<50
88
390
<25
65
17
<10
<10
86
79
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
mg/kg
(oom)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
7.8
200
<50
<50
Treated
Kiln Asn
Concentration
mg/kg
(jsom )
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Waste
Kiln Ash
TCL?
mg/L
( som )_
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.62
5.3
3.6
3.5
6.0
<0.9
<2.0
8.4
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
<0.5
<5.0
NA
•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken.
sample set.
0.9
31
830
9.6
2.3
11
2.2
141
520
34
288
3.1
8.7
13
< 0.06
<0.002
0.027
0.006
0.092
2.400
0.270
0.690
<0.009
<0.020
0.061
<0.47
4.7
92
The results are repeated in each
4-20
-------
Table 4-6 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
DESIGN' AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter Design Operating Value
Kiln Temperature (°F) » 1775-1850
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min) • 120
Wasce Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr) « K019: 11.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.3
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9-7
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM) • 0.19-0.21
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information,
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
4-21
-------
Table 4-7
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
TOR CHLOROFORM
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
As+rii
AS+FU
AirS
Airs
AirS
Airs
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full
Plloc
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
B«nch
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
B«nch
FACILITY
1607B
IB
203A
14 1A
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
68
IB
6B
2020
234A
IB
37 SE
IB
97SB
234A
234A
68
238A
1607B
1607B
2068
375C
1587E
241B
234A
203A
6B
2018
234A
240A
68
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328E
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppto)
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
NO. or
DATA
POINTS
3
6
14
2
3
14
3
7
5
3
6
7
6
3
3
3
2
20
7
S
14
27
29
14
3
14
5
1
S
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2.300
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
18.000
19.000
38.000
1.300
2.000
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(%) (%)
90.1
96.8
61
92.3
97.4
86
77
80
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
85
84
87
98.7
53
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
98.2
77
83
REFERENCE
HER!
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
4-22
-------
Table 4-7 (continued)
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (»)
(ppb) (ppb)
Airs
AlrS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
CAC
CAC+AlrS
ChOx
ChO*
ChOx (Os)
ChOx (Oz)
OAC
SAC
CAC
CAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
SCOx
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
HO«
HO*
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
225B
17A
17A
17A
17A
210B
17A
1328E
434B
203A
18330
640E
640C
3310
3310
1264B
3310
24SB
237A
24SB
242C
Zlapro
Zlapro
180A
2 SOB
250B
650
4 1ST
913
-------
Table 4-8
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
TOR 1,2-OICHLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+F11
AirS
Airs
CAC
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
S3
ss
ss
ss
ss
TT
TT
TT
WO*
WOx (B)
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
• Full
Full
Baneh
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Baneh
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
B«neh
B«neh
203A
IB
203A
2330
203A
24 IB
IB
6B
240A
68
375E
2020
IB
6B
6B
6B
322B
322B
203A
Zlapro
250B
2SOB
323B
2 SOB
4 1ST
913
251B
6B
6B
240A
375C
203A
Zimpro
10S4E
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
210
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10 2339900-2347600
10 172000-327000
1000000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
6280000
1000000
14
6
14
21
14
3
6
3
13
25
7
6
13
12
3
5
5
14
1
1
IS
14
10
IS
2
13
7
14
1
IS. 000
10.000
45.000
8.000
22.000
140.000
4400.000
12.000
S.OOO
29.000
74.000
3700.000
1800.000
94.000
15.000
1200.000
55.000
189.000
109.000
1.000
350.000
13.000
32.000
43.000
56.100
73.300
97.000
56.000
50.000
12.000
45.000
93.000
13000.000
230000.000
90.2
99.75
71
99.67
86
57
33
98.1
94.3
98.6
82
98.6
89
84
98.5
98.5
89
91.8
29
99.5
84
79
37
76
99.99
99.99
99.98
86
65
39
99.8
93.6
WERl
WERL
WERL
NERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
:TD-L
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
4-24
-------
Table 4-9
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1-OICHLOROETHYLCNE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
CAC
SAC
CAC
CAC
RO
RO
RO
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
TT
IT
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppt>)
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
203A
203A
6B
2068
201B
203A
IB
68
IB
240A
6B
217B
222B
1362E
1344E
1139E
1139E
203A
237A
1264B
1139E
2508
2508
250B
2518
68
68
41ST 10
913 10
240A
203A
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
200-10800
2900-12300
0-100
100-1000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (!)
(ppb)
14
14
3
20
2
14
2
22
2
12
3
1
1
3
6
2
14
1
10
2
15
IS
14
12
14
83.000
35.000
10.000
0.200
1.000
14.000
5.000
10.000
6.000
1.000
25.000
0.300
1.000
4.000
2.000
7.400
1.000
150.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.200
3.100
240.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.200
10.000
1.000
85.000
61
84
97.2
99.75
97.5
93.4
86
97
92.9
98.3
97
95.6
92.3
99.82
99.94
92.7
98.6
29
64
70
97
98.4
72
78
99.79
99.87
99.77
98.3
60
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
ITD-L
ITD-L
HERL
HERL
4-25
-------
Table 4-10
WASTCHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR MCTHYLENC CHLORIDE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (!)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
A3
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
Airs
Airs
AirS+GAC
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
IB
IB
IB
234A
201B
97SB
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
IB
238A
234A
2020
37 SE
-------
Table 4-10 :ontlnu.d)
HASTCWATCR TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR METHYLENE CHLORIDE
TECHNOLOGY
BT
n
•T»AC
CAC+AArS
CAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
S3
ss
ss
S3
IT
TF
TT
TT
IT
IT
tr
TT
TT
NO*
HO*
HO*
WO*
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
P246
P265
P246
18330
245B
237A
242X
Zlapro
250B
2 SOB
725
913
4 1ST
6B
251B
2S1B
6B
P12003
(B
P284
IB
37 SB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
37SE
IB
REF10
Ziapro
78D
242E
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF
LIMIT INFLUENT DATA
(ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS
(ppb)
27-3907
SOO-7SO
10-5550
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
84
100-1000
10000-100000
10 10-5100
10 200-10400
10 198-12100
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000000
1000-10000
22SOOO-12000000
100-1000
198-12100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
15000-3600000
60000
10-100
100000-1000000
13
3
28
25
1
1
1
13
14
15
15
10
10
9
40
2
15
5
7
3
5
5
6
4
7
5
3
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
11.000
27.000
10.000
2.400
10.000
10.000
20.000
20.000
80.000
15000.000
217.300
10.000
10.500
10.000
10.000
11.000
78.000
24413.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
12.000
23.000
58.000
21.000
16.000
120.000
21.000
37.000
5000.000
10.000
10.000
94.000
92.3
99
94.4
76
76
66
44
99.52
99.17
100
95.1
99
67
8
36
40
77
89
56
88
66
99.9
99.98
99.99
REFERENCE
BOAT »
BOAT »
BOAT »
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HAD
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
ITD-L
ITD-L
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT »
WERL
BOAT 1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WCRL
WERL
WERL
BOAT •
WAO
WERL
WERL
I ITS dtc* presented In the BOAT Solvent* Rule F001-F005 Background Document.
4-27
-------
Table 4-11
HASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CARBON TCTRACHLORIDE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE
-------
Table 4-12
NASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1.2-TRICHLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
PACT
PACT
PACT
SCOx
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
HOX
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
B«nch
B«nch
Baneh
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
6B
206B
«B
IB
241B
242E
190E
Zlapro
650
913
415T
«B
6B
2S1B
2S1B
242E
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
30
100000-1000000
10 416-26400
10 220-14500
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
3
20
3
3
5
1
14
IS
2
8
10
10
18.000
28.000
10.000
5.000
110.000
5.000
4.200
5.000
36.000
11.200
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
5.000
30.000
97.1
79
60
88
54
83
99.68
83
99.98
99.96
99.85
99.87
. 99.91
99.91
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
ITD-L
ITD-L
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
4-29
-------
Table 4-13
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
TOR TRICHLOROETHENE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) {%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
Airs
Airs .
Airs
Airs
Airs
B«neh
Full
Full
full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Plloc
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
2020
IB
IB
SB
1SS7C
37 SE
IB
206B
238A
IB
24 IB
IB
234A
201B
IB
IB
6B
238A
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1362E
209B
199B
2CA
216B
219B
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4
6
3
7
6
20
3
4
s
6
6
i
5
5
3
s
6
4
6
s
3
1
1
1
210.000
S.OOO
2.000
10.000
0.100
2.500
1.000
1.500
2.100
3.000
7.000
64.000
0.700
13.000
2.000
1.000
10.000
0.500
0.700
31.000
87.000
4.000
37.000
16.000
1.000
0.800
1.500
27.000
2.100
0.500
99.78
89
99.23
94.1
95.7
58
96.7
98.6
90.6
97.3
96.7
87
71
87
97.6
98.5
89
94.8
92.3
74
87
89.7
92.6
72
99.94
99.58
99.75
87
98.9
99.58
WERI
WERL
HERL
WER1
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
4-30
-------
Table 4-13
(Continued)
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TRICHLOROETHEHE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppbI
Airs
Airs
Airs
AiZS
Airs
AiZS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
AiZS
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
Airs
BT
BT
BT
BT
8T»AC
CACtAirS
ChOm
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
369A
2118
20SC
220B
2178
3228
1327E
2128
223B
69A
3«»A
221B
15B3G
1363E
1327C
2118
1042E
21SB
208B
222B
3228
1583E
710
2078
REF4
P213
P217
P253
P246
18330
202 CA
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
60
16-76
98-224
484
40-70
' 0-100
0-100
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
20
4
0.300
3.100
1.000
0.200
1.200
0.460
190.000
0.400
0.500
1.400
3.000
O.SOO
4.300
5.000
4.300
7.700
0.300
O.SOO
0.700
0.300
11.000
170.000
5.000
O.SOO
5.800
10.000
10.000
16.000
10.000
0.200
3.700
99.44
98.6
97.2
99.92
99.69
99.91
91.3
99.6
98.2
98.1
93.2
99.44
87
97.1
87
99.3
99.68
98
99.03
99.21
99.77
84
98. 5
98.7
90
96.2
HERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HCRL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
BOAT »
BOAT *
BOAT »
BOAT *
BOAT 1
HERL
HERL
» ITS data pr«t«nt«d in th« BOAT Solvent* Rul« F001-FOOS Background Document.
4-31
-------
Table 4-13 (continued)
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TRICHLOROETHENE
TECHNOLOGY
ChO*
Chr«d
Chrwi
Chr«d
CAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
CAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ir
TF
TF
TF
Tr
UV (B)
wo*
HO*
HOX IB]
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
B«nch
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
B«nch
Banch
B«neh
Baneh
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
B«aeh
B«nch
B«nch
B«nch
2 02 6 A
12648
1264B
24SB
1264B
24SB
237A
RCF8
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zlapro
250B
2 SOB
323B
415
2518
6B
6B
251B
913
P284
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1138E
Ziapro
Ziapro
78D
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
200
280
300
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
171
0-100
326
90
32.8
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10 59-10300
1000-10000
1000-lQOOO
10000-100000
1000-10000
10 22900-S2700
10-10300
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
500000
300000
100000-1000000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
10
14
2
10
14
15
6
5
5
5
6
1
1
7.100
5.000
3.900
0.400
1.000
1.000
10.000
1.300
10.000
10.000
0.590
10.000
1.000
10.000
0.005
110.000
5.500
68.000
16.100
5.000
16.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
16.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
22.000
1700.000
2000.000
1700.000
94.4
99.36
98.8
97.8
98.6
99.46
95.8
89
99.7
89
. 99.98
78
79
30
99.91
99.20
99.97
99.79
98.8
99.33
98.5
98.4
93.2
56
99.7
99.3
99.66
REFERENCE
WERL
ART
ART
ART
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT »
WERL
HAO
HAD
HAO
WCRL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
BOAT *
WERL
WCRL
WCRL
WGRL
WCRL
WCRL
HAO
HAO
HCRL
» ITD data pr«aant«d in th« BOAT Solvanta Rul« F001-F005 Background Document.
4-32
-------
Table 4-14
WASTENATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR VINYL CHLORIDE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGT FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%l
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
AS
AS
AS
As+ru
AirS
AizS
Airs
ss
ss
ss
ss
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
68
IB
IB
IB
6B
2178
1344E
69A
251B
913
72S
6B
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
SO 50-3500
SO 410000-2230000
1000000
3
(
4
6
14
1
10
14
13
11
50.000
100.000
20.000
3900.000
SO. 000
O.SOO
0.100
0.300
10.000
SO. 000
37944.200
120.000
94.9
94.1
80
92.9
98.3
93.1
99.99
96.4
99.88
99.99
HERL
WERL
WERL
MERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L
ITO-L
WERL
Table 4^15
WASTEMATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROETHANE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (%) (%)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
AS+F11
Pilot
Full
2418
ii
100-1000
100-1000
11
14
10.000
10.000
97.1
93.8
WERL
WERL
Table 4- 16
MarMATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
AS
As+m
GAC
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
run
Full
Full
DETECTION
FACILITY LIMIT
(ppb)
37SE
37 5E
(B
237A
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
7
7
14
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0.010
0.010
10.000
20.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(«) (%)
83
94.4
96.7
38
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Table 4- 17
MASTEMATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
Astru
OAC
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Pilot
run
ruii
roll
FACILITY
24 IB
6B
6B
237A
DETECTION
LIMIT
(ppb)
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
NO. or
DATA
POINTS
11
2
14
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
15.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
96.2
92.8
99.6
82
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
4-33
-------
5. IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
This section contains the determination of BOAT for the nonwastewater
and wastewater forms of F025 wastes. The Agency believes that the F025
constituents listed in Tables 1-1 through 1-4 can be present in both
nonwastewater and wastewater forms. The nonwastewater streams may
include the raw waste as generated, the ash residual after incineration,
the residuals from treatment of incinerator scrubber wastewaters, or
residuals from other types of demonstrated treatment technologies
(identified in Section 3). The wastewater residuals may be the raw waste
as generated, combustion gas scrubber water from incineration, or
residuals from other demonstrated technologies (identified in Section 3)
used to treat the waste.
5.1 Nonwastevaters
EPA has data from the incineration of F and K wastes that contained
constituents of concern in F025 wastes. The data from treatment of waste
codes K001 and K019 (used to develop the F025 nonwastewater treatment
standards) show nondetectable levels for the constituents of concern in
the treated residuals. Because the treated residuals are below the
detection limits, the Agency does not expect that better treatment can be
achieved for the constituents of concern.
Because data from the other demonstrated technologies (identified in
Section 3) are not available, the Agency cannot compare performance to
determine which technology is "best." However, since incineration treats
to nondetectable levels, the Agency would not expect the level of
performance to be improved by the other demonstrated technologies when
compared to incineration.
5-1
3086g
-------
EPA reviewed all the performance data available to determine whether
substantial treatment was provided. The parameters examined included
(1) the design and operating conditions, (2) the analytical testing, and
(3) the quality assurance/quality control analyses of the data. After
review of these parameters, EPA concluded that the data on which the
Agency is basing treatment standards are of sufficient quality and show
substantial treatment for the constituents of concern (because the
constituents of concern in the residuals were treated below the detection
limits). Design and operating condition data indicate that the treatment
systems were all well designed and well operated during the test burns.
In addition, the proper analytical tests and quality assurance techniques
were performed on the untreated wastes and treated residuals. (For
additional information on determination of BDAT, see EPA's Methodology
for Developing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Treatment
Standards (USEPA 1989b.)
In addition, incineration is a commercially available technology.
Since the criteria for best, demonstrated, and available have been met,
the Agency has determined that incineration is BDAT for the organic
constituents of F025 wastes.
5.2 Wastevasters
For constituents of concern in F025 wastewaters, the Agency has
treatment data from various sources. As discussed in Section 4 of this
document, these sources include (1) ITD, (2) WERL, and (3) EPA's WAO and
PACT treatment data. Treatment performance data from these sources were
evaluated to determine which data set represented the "best" treatment
performance data for the constituents of concern in F025 wastewaters.
Based on the data available to the Agency, the best demonstrated
available technologies for the constituents of concern in F025
wastewaters are biological treatment for carbon tetrachloride; steam
5-2
3086s
-------
stripping for chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene,
methylene chloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl
chloride; and activated sludge followed by filtration for
hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, and hexachloroethane. A
discussion of the BDAT evaluation for each constituent of concern in F025
wastewaters is included in Appendix B of this document. For additional
information on the methodology used to screen these wastewater data, a
description of the data bases, and codes for plants in these data bases,
see the Final BDAT Background Document for Organic U and P Waste and
Multi-Source Leachate, Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P
Waste and Multi-Source Leachate for Which There Are Concentration-Based
Standards (USEPA 1989h).
5-3
3086s
-------
6. CALCULATION OF PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT
treatment systems. These standards account for analytical limitations in
available treatment performance data and for variabilities related to
treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures. The
purpose of this section is to present the calculation of treatment
standards for the F025 constituents using the available treatment
performance data from the BOAT treatment technologies. The Agency has
approved analytical methods for all of these wastes. Therefore, the
Agency is promulgating concentration-based treatment standards to be met
before the wastes may be disposed of on land when the standard becomes
effective December 11, 1990. The Agency has determined that F025 wastes
may be present as wastewaters and nonwastewaters; therefore, the Agency
is promulgating treatment standards for both of these forms. A
discussion of how the treatment standards for these wastes were
calculated is included in this section. For further information on the
calculation of BOAT treatment standards see the EPA document Methodology
for developing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Treatment
Standards (USEPA 1989b).
6.1 Nonwastewaters
Treatment standards for constituents of concern in F025 nonwastewaters
were calculated as follows. The Agency reviewed its BOAT incineration
data base and selected the K019 performance data to be used for
calculating the nonwastewater treatment standards for all the
constituents in Tables 1-1 through 1-4 (except vinyl chloride). The
Agency used the K019 treatment performance data because the K019
untreated waste contained many of the constituents also present in F025
waste, i.e., chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene,
6-1
3087g
-------
carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorobutadiene, and hexachloroethane.* Also, K019 was considered a
relatively difficult waste matrix to treat based on the waste
characteristics affecting performance, i.e., bond dissociation energy,
boiling points, and parameters affecting treatment. Further, the K019
untreated waste contained significant concentrations of the constituents
of concern in F025 (ranging from 85 mg/kg for hexachloroethane to 130,000
mg/kg for 1,2-dichloroethane). Further, all constituents of concern were
treated to nondetectable levels in the treated ash and scrubber water
residuals.
K001 (creosote) data showed the highest detection limit for any waste
in which vinyl chloride was present in the untreated waste. The Agency
therefore used the K001 (creosote) performance data to develop the vinyl
chloride standard in F025 nonwastewaters. The Agency also used these
data for the vinyl chloride (U043) standard for the Third Third
rulemaking.
Treatment standards for F025 nonwastewaters were calculated by
multiplying the highest detection limit for each waste constituent first
by the highest analytical recovery factor (i.e., lowest percent recovery)
for that constituent or a similar constituent and then by a variability
factor of 2.8 (used when the treated residuals are below the detection
limit). Appendix A presents the matrix spike recoveries for the kiln ash
residue for K001 and K019.
Before the treatment standards were calculated, the treatment
performance data were corrected to account for analytical interferences
associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. The treatment
performance data were corrected by applying the lowest percent recovery
calculated for that constituent. The correction factor was then
-•'» Hexachlorobutadiene was present in a RCRA blend waste that was
incinerated with the K019 waste.
6-2
3087g
-------
calculated as the reciprocal of the lowest percent recovery. The
detection limits were then multiplied by this correction factor.
Wherever EPA transferred the performance data (for constituents not
present in the untreated waste), the Agency used the lowest percent
recovery value from the constituent from which the transfer was made. If
recovery values were not available for a constituent, the Agency selected
the lowest average percent recovery for the acid extractables or
base-neutral extractables, semivolatiles, or volatiles (depending on the
group to which the constituent belonged).
Since the K001 (creosote) and K019 treatment performance data show
that all the constituents of concern in F025 waste were treated below the
detection limits, the Agency decided to use the detection limit data to
calculate the treatment standard.
The next step in calculating treatment standards is to determine the
variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent. The variability
factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system
performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the treated
waste samples. F025 constituents of concern in K001 and K019 treated
residuals were treated below the detection limit. Where concentrations
in the treated waste were reported at less than or equal to 'the detection
limit for all test runs for a specific constituent,
variability was still expected since the actual concentration could range
from 0 to the detection limit. In these cases, the Agency assumed a
lognormal distribution of data points between the detection limit and a
value one-tenth of the detection limit and calculated a variability of
2.8. (For more information on the calculation of variability factors.
see EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. (USEPA
1989b).)
6-3
3087g
-------
Finally, treatment standards were calculated by multiplying the
corrected treatment performance values by the variability factor of 2.8
for each constituent.
Tables 6-1 and 6-2 (at the end of this section) summarize the
calculation of treatment standards for the wastes included in this
document. Sections 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 describe the transfer of treatment
data and the calculation of the treatment standards in greater detail.
6.1.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of
F025 Constituents, i.e., Chloroform, Vinyl Chloride,
Trichloroethylene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Carbon Tetrachloride,
Hexachloroethane, Hexachlorobenzene, and Hexachlorobutadiene
The treatment standards for the above-mentioned nonwastewater forms
of F025 constituents were calculated using treatment performance data
from incineration of K001 (creosote) and K019. All of the
above-mentioned constituents were present in the K001 ano> K019 untreated
wastes; therefore, the treatment standards were calculated by multiplying
the highest detection limit for the constituent of concern times the
analytical accuracy-correction factor times a variability factor of 2.8.
6.1.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of
F025 Constituents, i.e., 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, Methylene
Chloride, and 1,1-Dichloroethylene
Where data are not available on the treatment technology of concern.
the Agency may elect to transfer data on the treatment of a similar waste
or wastes, using a demonstrated technology. To transfer data from
another waste category, EPA must find that the wastes to be regulated are
no more difficult to treat (based on the waste characteristics that
affect performance of the demonstrated treatment technology) than the
treated wastes from which performance data are being transferred.
6-4
3087?
-------
The transfer of treatment data is supported by the determination that
these wastes are part of a single waste treatability group. The
determination of the waste treatability group is based on the similarity
in composition of the untreated wastes, the fact that all of these wastes
are generated by the organic chemicals industry, and the Agency's belief
that the constituents in these wastes can be treated to similar
concentrations using the same technology.
The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect
treatment performance by incineration with respect to the nonwastewater
residual (i.e., incinerator ash). In an incinerator, energy in the form
of heat is transferred to the waste to volatilize the organic waste
constituents prior to combustion. To determine whether one constituent
is equally difficult or more difficult to volatilize than another
constituent, the Agency examines the boiling points of the constituents.
In general, the Agency believes that a constituent with a higher boiling
point (bp) is more difficult to treat than a constituent with a lower
boiling point.
The Agency also considers the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the
constituents of concern in determining the incinerability and considers
constituents with higher BDEs more difficult to treat than constituents
with lower BDEs. In all cases the BDE of the constituent from which the
transfer is being made is higher than the BDE of the constituent to which
the transfer is to be applied.
Therefore, treatment performance data were transferred to untested
nonwastewaters from constituents detected in tested untreated wastes that
had equal or higher boiling points and/or higher BDEs (as discussed
below).
6-5
3087g
-------
Incineration performance data were not available from K001, K019,
F024, or the Agency's 1989 John Zink Test Burn for the following F025
constituents: 1,1,2-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, and
1,1-dichloroethylene. Therefore, EPA decided to transfer the performance
data from similar constituents in K019 to the constituents of concern in
F025 wastes. The following is a detailed description of the transfer
methodology associated with each of these constituents of F025 wastes.
(1) 1.1-Dichloroethvlene. The treatment standard for
1,1-dichloroethylene (bp 31.9°C; BDE 515 kcal/mol) is based on data
transferred from the treatment of 1,1-dichloroethane in K019 (bp
57.15°C; BDE 645 kcal/mol) because 1,1-dichloroethane has a higher bp
and BDE than 1,1-dichloroethylene. In addition, 1,1-dichloroethane test
data from K019 were used to regulate 1,1-dichloroethylene when
1,1-dichloroethylene appeared in waste code K029. Based on these waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance for incineration, the
Agency expects that 1,1-dichloroethylene can be treated to concentrations
as low as or lower than those of 1,1-dichloroethane.
(2) Methvlene chloride. The treatment standard for methylene
chloride (bp 41°C; BDE 370 kcal/mol) is based on data transferred
from treatment of 1,1-dichloroethane (bp 57.15°C; BDE 645 kcal/mol)
in K019. Based on these waste characteristics affecting treatment
performance of incineration, the Agency expects that methylene chloride
can be treated to concentration levels as low as or lower than those of
1,1-dichloroethane.
(3) 1.1.2-Trichloroethane. The treatment standard for
1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 640 kcal/mol) is based on data transferred
from 1,1,1-trichloroethane in K019 because 1,1,1-trichloroethane has an
identical BDE of 640 kcal/mol. Based on this waste characteristic that
6-6
3087g
-------
affects treatment performance for incineration, the Agency expects that
1,1,2-trichloroethane can be treated to concentrations as low as those of
1,1,1-trichloroethane.
6.2 Wastevaters
The BOAT treatment standards for the wastewater forms of the
constituents of concern in F025 wastes (identified in Tables 1-1 through
1-4) are the same as those used for developing the treatment standards
for Organic U and F Waste and Multi-Source Leachate Volume A: Wastewater
Forms of Organic U and P wastes and Multi-Source Leachate for Which There
Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards. The discussion of BDAT and
calculation of treatment standards for F025 wastewater constituents have
been excerpted from that document and are presented in Appendix B of this
document.
6-7
3087g
-------
3369g
Table 6-1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for F025
(Nonwastewaters)
Constituent
Chloroform
Carbon Tetrachloride
1.2-Dichloroethane
(Tt
' 1.1-Oichloroethylene
Hethylene Chloride
1,1.2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Mexachloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Vinyl Chloride
Waste detection
limit
transferred from
K019
K019
K019
KOI 9
K019
K019
KOI 9
K019
K019
K019
K001 (creosote)
Highest Accuracy
detection correction
limit (OL) (ppm) factor (ACF)
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
Accuracy
correction factor
transferred from
.10 Chloroform. K019
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.0
,1.1-Trichloroethane. K019
,2-Oichloroethane. K019
. 1-Oichloroethane, K019
,1-Oichloroethane, K019
.1.2-Trichloroethane, K019
,2.4-Trichloroethylene, K019
.06 Hexachloroethane. K019
.33
1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene, K019
.0 Trichloroethylene. K019
.16
Variability
factor
(VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
I.l-Dichloroethylene. K001 (creosote) 2.8
Treatment
standard (ppm)
(DL x ACF x VF)
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
31
6.2
5.6
30
37
28
33
-------
3369g
Table 6-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for F025
(Wastewaters)
Constituent
Chloroform
Carbon Tetrachloride
1.2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Oichloroethylene
Methylene Chloride
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Tricnloroethy lene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Vinyl Chloride
Average Effluent
concentration
(AEC)
0.012
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.023
0.01
0.01
. 0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
Variability
factor
(VF)
3.71
5.73
8.22
2.47
3.8
5.3
5.3
5.53
5.53
5.53
5.3
Treatment Standard (ppm)
AEC x VF
0.046
0.057
0.21
0.025
0.089
0.054
0.054
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.27'
Note: EPA's Office of Water's Industrial Technology Division variability factor accounts for treatment and
analytical variability; therefore, accuracy correction factors are not used.
6-9
83369g
-------
7. REFERENCES
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association, American
Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.
16th. ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
Dynamac Corporation. Memorandum to Larry Rosengrant, EPA Office of
Solid Waste. Waste characterization for F025. November 1, 1989.
Dynamac Corporation. 1989. Memorandum from Barry Millman to Les Otte,
EPA
Office of Solid Waste. Waste volumes and management for waste F025.
August 22, 1989.
Environ Corporation. Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR
Section 261, Waste Profiles Volume, 1.
SRI International. 1988. Directory of chemical producers--United States
of America. Menlo Park, California: SRI International.
USEPA. 1984. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft listing
background document for C1-C5 chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
production utilizing free radical catalyzed processes. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for K019 waste. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Onsite engineering report of treatment technology performance
and operation for John Zink Company. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for developing best demonstrated available
technology (BDAT) treatment standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene, halogenated
phenolic, and phenolic wastes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Proposed Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT)
background document for miscellaneous halogenated organic wastes,
wastes of a pharmaceutical nature, brominated organic wastes,
organo-sulfur compound wastes, and organo-nitrogen compounds.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
. 7-1
3372g
-------
USEPA. 1989e. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid
Waste. Proposed best demonstrated available technology (BDAT)
background document for halogenated aliphatic U-wastes. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989f. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment technology background document. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989g. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for chlorinated aliphatics F024. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989h. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for organic wastewater forms of organic U & P wastes and
multi-source leachate for which there are concentration- based
treatment standards.
7-2
3372g
-------
APPENDIX A
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERY DATA FOR
K019, AND KOOi NONWASTEWATERS
-------
3345g
Appendix A. Katrix Spike Recoveries for Kiln Ash Residue (K019)
Saiwle result
Spike constituent
Original
amount found
(ppb)
Amount
sp iked
(ppb)
Amount
recovered
(ppb)
Percent*
recovery"
(X)
Duplicate sample result
Amount
spiked
(ppb)
Amount
recovered
(ppb)
Percent
recovery3
(X)
VOLATILES
4. Benzene <2 25 22.6 90 25 21.2 85
7. Carbon Tetrachloride *
9. Chlorobenzene <2 25 24.8 99 25 25 100
14. Chloroform *
22. l.l.-Dichloroethane *
23. 1.2-Dichloroethane *
24. 1.1-Dichloroethylene <2 25 21.2 85 25 19.4 78
42. Tetrachloroethene *
43. Toluene *
45. 1.1.1-Trichloroethane *
*No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on the lower average percent recovery of the
volatile constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 90./!iX from the duplicate sample result.
'Percent recovery = 100 x (Cj - CQ)/C^. where Cj = amount recovered. CQ = original found, and Cj. = amount spiked.
Source: USEPA 1988h.
-------
334Sg
Appendix A. Matrix Spike Recoveries for Kiln Ash Residue (K019) (continued)
i
ro
Spike
Sample result .
Original Amount Amount Percent*
amount found spiked recovered recovery9
constituent (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (X)
SEHIVOLAT1LES (continued)
109. Fluorene +
110. Hexachlorobenzene •»•
113. Hexachloroethane +
121. Naphthalene +
136. Pentachlorobenzene +
141 . Phenanthrene +
145. Pyrene <2 50 60 120 b
148. 1.2.4.5-Tetrachlorobenzene +
150. 1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene <5 50 37.5 75
Duplicate sample result
Amount Amount Percent
spiked recovered recovery3
(ppb) (ppb) (X)
50 46 92
50 40 SO
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR
SENIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL)
94.16
95.1
+Ho matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on the lower average percent recovery of the
semivolatile (base/neutral) constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 94.16X from the duplicate sample result.
aPercent recovery = 100 x (C = - Co)/Ct. where C- = amount recovered. CQ = original amount found, and C^ = amount spiked.
Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered as just 100 percent.
Source: USEPA 1988h.
-------
Appendix A. Matrix Spike Recoveries for Kiln Ash Residue (K019) (continued)
Spike constituent
Original
amount found
(ppb)
Amount
spiked
(ppb)
Sample result
Amount
recovered
(ppb)
Percent*
recovery8
(X)
Amount
spiked
(ppb)
Duplicate sample result
Amount
recovered
(ppb)
Percent
recovery3
(X)
CJ
VOLATILES (continued)
47. Trichloroethene <2
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR VOLATILES
SEH1VOLAT1LES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene <2
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether +
70. 8is(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate +
88. 1.4,-Dichlorobenzene <2
98. Oi-n-butylphthalate +
102. 2.4-Oinitrotoluene <50
105. H-Nitroso-di-n- <5
propylamine
25
50
50
50
50
26.8
55
45
53.5
60
107 °
93.5
110 b
90
107
120
25
50
50
50
50
28
55
49.5
55
65
112 "
90.75
110 b
99
110
130
+No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent is based on the lower average percent recovery of
the semivolatile (base/neutral) constituents. The lower average percent recovery is 94.16 from the duplicate sample result.
aPercent recovery = 100 x (C^ - CQ)/Ct. where C; = amount recovered, CQ = original amount found, and C( = amount spiked.
Recovery values greater than 100 percent were considered as just 100 percent.
Source: USEPA I988h.
-------
3251g-5
K001 Creosote Ash Sample ZK01C-3-B2
VOA Matrix Spike Recoveries (%)
1,1-Oichloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene
Trichlorethylene
Average percent recovery
Spike
level
Ug/D
25
25
25
25
25
K001 Creosote
VOA Matrix Spike
1.1-Dichloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Benzene
Trichlorethylene
Average percent recovery
Spike
level
Ug/D
25
25
25
25
25
S710125
ZK01C-3-B2
fl #2
86 95
99 110 3
102 3 112 3
78 88
67 77
86 92
Water Sample ZK01C-3-B2
Recoveries (%)
S710125
ZK01C-3-B2
#1 #2
100 a 97
103 a 99
95 90
90 85
69 64
90.8 87
RPD
9.9
10
9.3
12
14
RPD
3.0
4.0
5.4
5.7
7.5
Recovery values greater than 100 percent are considered as just 100
percent in calculating the average percent recovery.
Source: USEPA 1987.
A-4
-------
APPENDIX B
DISCUSSION OF DETERMINATION OF
BDAT FOR F025 WASTEWATER CONSTITUENTS
-------
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AL Aerobic Lagoons
AS Activated Sludge
AIRS Air Stripping
CAC Chemically Assisted Clarification
ChOx Chemical Oxidation (Parentheses shows oxidation chemical
(i.e., ChOx (Oz) - ozone)
ChOx/Pt Chemical Oxidation/Precipitation
ChPt Chemical Precipitation
Chred Chemical Reduction
Chred/Pt Chemical Reduction/Precipitation
FIL Filtration
GAC Activated Carbon (Granular)
Neut Neutralization
PACT Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated Sludge
RO Reverse Osmosis
SS Steam Stripping
TF Trickling Filter
WOx Wet Air Oxidation
3567g
B-l
-------
Carbon Tetrachloride. The data available for carbon
tetrachloride were compiled from the WERL database, BOAT Solvents Rule
data, and literature WAO and PACT data. These data are presented in
Table 4-13. Demonstrated treatment technologies included activated
lagoon (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge and filtration
(AS+Fil), AirS, BT, CAC, GAC, powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT),
RO, steam stripping (SS), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.200 ppb to 12,000 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BDAT standard was set using BT
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was
used as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration
achievable by this technology is supported by similar effluent
concentrations from the SS and GAC treatment performance data.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for carbon tetrachloride is
0.057 ppm, as shown in Table 6-2.
B-2
3550g
-------
Chloroform. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for chloroform including data from the ITD and WERL
data bases and literature WAO and PACT data. These data are presented in
Table 4-9. Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS, AS+Fil,
AirS, CAC, CAC+AirS, chemical oxidation (ChOx), GAC, PACT, Ro, SS, TF,
and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and
full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for chloroform is SS. Using the ITD median long-term
average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment standard
equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2. The BOAT
treatment standard for chloroform is 0.046 ppm.
B-3
35508
-------
1.2-Dichloroethane. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,2-dichloroethane, including data
from the ITD and WERL databases and literature WAO data. These data are
presented in Table 4-10. Demonstrated treatment technologies included
AL, AL+AS, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, PACT, RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for 1,2-dichloroethane is SS. Using the ITD median
long-term average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment
standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2.
The BOAT treatment standard for 1,2-dichloroethane is 0.21 ppm.
B-4
3550g
-------
1.I-Dichloroethvlene. Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,2-dichloroethylene, including data
from the ITD and WERL databases. These data are presented in Table 4-11.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AL, AS, AirS, CAC, GAC, RO,
SS, and TF. The treatment performance data represent pilot- and
full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT Standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for 1,2-dichloroethylene is SS. Using the ITD median
long-term average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment
standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2.
The BOAT treatment standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene is 0.025 ppm.
B-5
3550g
-------
Hexachlorobenzene. The data available for hexachlorobenzene were
compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-18.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AS, AS+Fil, and GAC, all at
full-scale facilities. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.01 ppb to 20 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BDAT standard was set using AS+Fil
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. AS+Fil was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data with an influent concentration
greater than 100 ppb and a high removal efficiency.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for hexachlorobenzene is
0.055 ppm as shown in Table 6-2.
Hexachlorobutadiene. The data available for hexachlorobutadiene
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-19.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AS, AS+Fil, and GAC in both
full-scale and pilot-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 10 ppb to 20 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BDAT standard was set using AS+Fil
technology and achievable effluent of 10 ppb. AS+Fil was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data with an influent concentration
greater than 100 ppb and a high removal efficiency.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for hexachlorobutadiene is
0.055 ppm, as shown in Table 6-2.
B-6
3550g
-------
Hexachloroethane. The data available for hexachloroethane were
compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-17.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included AS and AS+Fil in pilot- and
full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentration for both
studies was 10 ppb.
The proposed and promulgated BOAT standard was set using AS+Fil
technology and an achievable effluent of 10 ppb. AS+Fil was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale treatment performance with a high
removal efficiency.
The resulting BDAT treatment standard for hexachloroethane is
0.055 ppm, as shown in Table 6-2.
B-7
-------
Methvlene Chloride. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for methylene chloride, including data
from the ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and literature
WAO and PACT data. These data are presented in Table 4-12. Demonstrated
treatment technologies included AS, AS+Fil, AirS, AirS+GAC, BT, BT+AC,
CAC+AirS, GAC, PACT, RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for methylene chloride is SS. Using the ITD median
long-term average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment
standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2.
The BOAT treatment standard for methylene chloride is 0.089 ppm.
B-8
3550g
-------
1.1.2-Trichloroethane. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, including data
from the ITD and WERL databases and literature PACT data. These data are
presented in Table 4-14. Demonstrated treatment technologies included
AS, PACT, SS, and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BDAT for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is SS. Using the ITD median
long-term average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BDAT treatment
standard equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 4-14.
The BDAT treatment standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is 0.054 ppm.
B-9
3SSOg
-------
Trichloroethvlene. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for trichloroethylene including data from
the ITD and WER1 databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, BDAT test data, and
additional literature data. These data are presented in Table 4-15.
Demonstrated treatment technologies included Chred, AS, AirS, BT, BT+AC,
CAC+Air S, ChOx, GAG, PACT, RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BDAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BDAT for trichloroethylene is SS. Using the ITD median long-term
average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BDAT treatment standard
equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2. The BDAT
treatment standard for trichloroethylene is 0.054 ppm.
B-10
3550g
-------
Vinvl Chloride. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for vinyl chloride, including data from the ITD and
WERL databases. These data are presented in Table 4-16. Demonstrated
treatment technologies included AS, AS+Fil, AirS, and SS. The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include long-term
sampling of several industries. These data are therefore a good
reflection of the total organic chemical industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in that
database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
The BOAT for vinyl chloride is SS. Using the ITD median long-term
average and ITD Option 1 variability factors, a BOAT treatment standard
equal to the ITD limit was calculated as shown in Table 6-2. The BOAT
treatment standard for vinyl chloride is 0.27 ppm.
B-ll
3550s
------- |