FINAL
AMENDMENT TO THE
FINAL BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR'
WASTES FROM THE PRODUCTION OF
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
K028, K029, K095, AND K096
Richard Kinch
Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Elaine Eby
Project Manager
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3.0 (APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028,
K029, K095, AND K096 2-1
2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies for K028
Nonwastewater Metals 2-1
2.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies for K028
Nonwastewater Metals 2-1
2.3 Applicable Treatment Technologies for K029, K095, and
K096 Wastewaters 2-2
2.4 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies for K029, K095,
and K096 Wastewaters 2-2
3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE) OF
THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, K095,
AND K096 3-1
3.1 Treatment of Metal Constituents 3-1
3.2 Treatment of Organic Constituents 3-3
4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.0 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND
DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, K095, AND K096 4-1
4.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data ..... 4-2
4.2 Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data . . 4-3
4.3 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 4-3
4.4 Available Treatment Technologies 4-4
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.0 (SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS)
OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, K095,
AND K096 5-1
5.1 K028 Nonwastewater Metals 5-2
5.1.1 BOAT List Metal Constituents Deleted From
Further Consideration for Regulation 5-2
5.1.2 BOAT List Metal Constituents Selected For
Regulation 5-3
5.2 K029, K095, and K096 Wastewaters 5-3
5.2.1 BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further
Consideration for Regulation 5-3
5.2.2 BOAT List Constituents Selected For Regulation . 5-4
6.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.0 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT
STANDARDS) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028,
K029, K095, AND K096 6-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7-1
8.0 REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDIX A - Treatment Performance Data For K029, K095, And K096
Uastewater Constituents
APPENDIX B - Quality Assurance/Quality Control Data
ii
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K028 - NONWASTEWATER
METALS 1-5
1-2 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K029, K095, AND K096
WASTEWATER ORGANICS 1-6
3-1 TCLP ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE STABILIZED F024
INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES - CEMENT BINDER . 3-5
5-1 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN K029, K095, AND K096 WASTEWATERS 5-5
6-1 CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
IN STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH USED FOR TRANSFER
TO K028 NONWASTEWATERS 6-3
6-2 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
IN K028 NONWASTEWATERS 6-4
iii
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) is
establishing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment standards
for metals in nonwastewater forms of the listed hazardous waste K028 and for
organics in wastewater forms of the listed hazardous wastes K029, K095, and
K096. The listed hazardous wastes K028, K029, K095, and K096 were identified
in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as
wastes from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. These BOAT treatment
standards are being established in accordance with the amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984. BOAT
treatment standards will be effective no later than May 8, 1990, and on and
after the effective date, compliance with these BOAT treatment standards will
be a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of the waste in land
disposal units.
This background document ("amendment document") will amend the Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for Wastes
from the Production of 1.1.1-Trichloroethane - K028. K029. K095. and K096
("the K028 Final BOAT Background Document" (Reference 1)). At the time of
promulgation of K028 nonwastewater and wastewater standards and K029, K095,
and K096 nonwastewater standards, the Agency reserved treatment standards for
metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters and decided to delay promulgation of
K029, K095, and K096 wastewater standards. At that time, the Agency was
evaluating treatment performance data from stabilization of ash from the
incineration of F024. Thus, the Agency planned to modify the treatment
standards for metals in K028 nonwastewaters at a later date based on this
data. Treatment standards for K029, K09S, and K096 wastewaters were not
promulgated at that time due to insufficient treatment performance data
available for use in determining those standards. This amendment document
provides the Agency's rationale and technical support for selecting metal
constituents for regulation in K028 nonwastewaters, for selecting organic
1-1
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constituents for regulation in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, and for
developing treatment standards for these constituents.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for
establishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for
requesting a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EFA's
Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 2).
This amendment document describes the technologies used to treat
K028 nonwastewater metals and K029, K09S, and K096 wastewaters (or similar
wastes) and presents the treatment performance data on which the treatment
standards for these wastes are based. This document also explains how EPA
determined BOAT, selected constituents for regulation, and calculated
treatment standards for metals in nonwastewater forms of K028 and organics in
wastewater forms of K029, K095, and K096.
The Agency is regulating three metal constituents in K028
nonwastewaters, five organic constituents in K029 wastewaters, seven organic
constituents in K09S wastewaters, and eight organic constituents in K096
wastewaters. No metal constituents are currently being regulated in K029,
K095, or K096 wastewaters. To determine the applicability of the treatment
standards, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight
basis) total suspended solids' (TSS) and less than 1% (weight basis) total
organic carbon (TOO). Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as
nonwastewaters and must comply with the nonwastewater treatment standards.
The Agency does not have any performance data for treatment of K028,
K029, K095, and K096. Treatment performance tests for these wastes have not
been pursued because the Agency believes that adequate treatment performance
'The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used
terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically, total
suspended solids is measured by Method 209C (total suspended solids dried at
103-105°C) in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Sixteenth Edition (Reference 8).
1-2
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data are available from similar wastes, including wastes previously tested by
the BOAT Land Disposal Restrictions program. Therefore, treatment performance
data were transferred for metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters and for
organic constituents in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters.
For K028 nonwastewaters, BOAT treatment standards for metal
constituents are based on treatment performance data transferred from
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash. Table 1-1 (at the end of this section)
lists the specific BOAT treatment standards being promulgated for K028
nonwastewater metals. Treatment standards for metal constituents regulated in
K028 nonwastewaters are based on Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) extracts after stabilization using a cement binder.
The units used for TCLP leachate concentration of metal constituents
in K.028 nonwastewaters is mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume
basis). If the concentrations of the constituents regulated in K028 TCLP
extracts are lower than or are equal to the treatment standards, then
treatment of the waste is not required prior to placement in a land disposal
unit.
For K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, BOAT treatment standards for
organic constituents are based on treatment performance data transferred from
multi-source leachate (F039) data as presented in EPA's Final Best
Demonstrated Available Technology 1BDAT1 Background Document for U and P
Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of
Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are
Concentration-Based Treatment Standards (Reference 4). Table 1-2 (at the end
of this section) lists the specific BOAT treatment standards being promulgated
for K029, K095, and K096 wastewater organics. Treatment standards for organic
constituents regulated in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters are based on the
total concentration of each constituent in the waste.
The units used for total constituent concentration of organic
constituents in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters are mg/1 (parts per million
1-3
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on a weight-by-volume basis). If the concentrations of the constituents
regulated in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, as generated, are lower than or
are equal to the treatment standards, then treatment of the waste is not
required prior to placement in a land disposal unit.
1-4
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Table 1-1
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K028
NONWASTEWATER METALS
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent (me/I)
159. Chromium (total) 0.073
161. Lead 0.021
162. Nickel 0.088
1-5
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Table 1-2
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K029, K095, AND K096
WASTEWATER ORGANICS
K029
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
BOAT List Constituent
14.
23.
24.
45.
50.
Chloroform
1,2 -Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Vinyl chloride
Total Concentration
(mg/1)
0.046
0.21
0.025
0.054
0.27
K095
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
BOAT List Constituent
40.
41.
42.
46.
47.
113.
137.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Hexachloroethane
Pentachloroethane
Total Concentration
(mg/1)
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054
0.054
0.055
0.055
K096
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
BOAT List Constituent
40.
41.
42.
46.
47.
86.
137.
150.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Te trachlo roethene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Total Concentration
(me/1)
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054
0.054
0.036
0.055
0.055
1-6
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2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 3.0 (APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029,
K095, AND K096
This section supplements the discussion in Section 3.0 (Applicable
and Demonstrated Treatment Technologies) of the K028 Final BOAT Background
Document (Reference 1). This section identifies the treatment technologies
that are applicable for treatment of metals in K028 nonwastewaters and of
organics in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, and determines which, if any, of
the applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose of
establishing BOAT.
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or to treat a waste that is similar in terms of
parameters that affect treatment selection. (Detailed descriptions of
technologies that are applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in
EPA's Treatment Technology Background li^cyplflTTlTf (Reference 3)). To be
demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-scale operation for
treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Technologies available
only at pilot- or bench-scale operations are not considered in identifying
demonstrated technologies.
2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies for K028 Nonwastewater Metals
Applicable treatment technologies for K028 nonwastewaters were
identified in the K028 Final BOAT Background Document (Section 3.1.1). The
applicable technology for treatment of metals in K028 nonwastewaters is
stabilization of the nonwastewater or nonwastewater residual.
2.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies for K028 Nonwastewater Metals
The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat metal
constituents in nonwastewater forms of K028 (such as ash from incineration) by
stabilization or by any other technology. However, stabilization is
demonstrated on wastes judged to be similar, such as F024. F024 is generated
2-1
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from a similar industry and processing steps as K028, and these wastes are
expected to contain similar metals. The Agency does not have treatment
performance data for stabilization of nonwastewater forms of K028; however,
for the BOAT program, the Agency has tested stabilization of F024 incinerator
ash, as discussed in Section 3.0 of this amendment document.
2.3 Applicable Treatment Technologies for K029. K095. and K096
Wastewaters
The Agency recognizes that K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters may be
generated by treatment technologies other than incineration. Since these
wastewaters may contain hazardous organic constituents at treatable levels,
applicable technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount
of various organic compounds in the waste. All of the technologies identified
as applicable for organics in Section 3.1.1 of EPA's Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes
and Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based
Treatment Standards (Reference 4) are potentially applicable for treatment of
K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters. Potentially applicable treatment
technologies are not identified for hazardous metal and inorganic constituents
because they are not expected to be present in K029, K095, and K096
wastewaters, nor does characterization data indicate that they are present.
2.4 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies for K029. K095. and K096
Wastewaters
All of the technologies identified as applicable for organics in
Section 3.1.1 of EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039).
Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards
(Reference 4) are demonstrated for wastes containing the same organic
constituents of concern as those in K029, K095, and K096.
2-2
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3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE) OF THE
FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, K095, AND K096
This section supplements the discussion in Section 4.0 (Treatment
Performance Data Base) of the K028 Final BOAT Background Document (Reference
1). Since the Agency does not have any treatment performance data for
treatment of metals in K028 nonwastewaters or of organics in K029, K095, and
K096 wastewaters, treatment performance data were transferred from other
previously tested wastes as follows:
• Treatment performance data from stabilization of F024 were used
to develop treatment standards for metal constituents in K028
nonwastewaters; and
• Multi-source leachate (F039) data, as presented in EPA's Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039).
Volume A: Uastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-
Based Treatment Standards (Reference 4) were used to develop
treatment standards for organic constituents in K029, K09S, and
K096 wastewaters.
The basis for data transfer and the sources of treatment performance data are
discussed in the sections below. (All tables are presented at the end of this
section.)
EPA's methodology for the transfer of treatment performance data is
provided in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards
(Reference 2). Transfer of treatment performance data is technically valid in
cases where the untested wastes are generated from similar industries or
similar processing steps as the tested wastes, or the untested wastes have
similar waste characteristics affecting treatment performance and treatment
selection as the tested wastes.
3.1 Treatment of Metal Constituents
As discussed in Section 4.2 of the K028 Final BOAT Background
Document, EPA has data for stabilization of metals in nonwastewaters in the
3-1
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California List Notice of Data Availability (Reference 5), for stabilization
of F006 and K062 at Plant J, for stabilization at Plant C of incinerator ash
generated from fluidized-bed incineration of K048 and K051 at Plant B, and for
stabilization at Plant C of incinerator ash generated from rotary kiln
incineration of F024 at Plant I. (Plant codes are identified in Appendix A of
the K028 Final BOAT Background Document.) EPA examined these wastes to
identify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of treatment
performance data to K028 nonwastewater metals. Specifically, EPA examined
whether K028 is (1) generated from similar industries or processing .steps as
the previously tested wastes, and (2) whether K028 has similar waste
characteristics affecting treatment performance as the previously tested
wastes.
Of the nonwastewaters previously tested by stabilization, F024, like
K028, is generated from the chlorinated organic chemicals industry. Similar
to K028, F024 is generated by filtration, or some other type of separation
process from the product stream. F024, like K028, is generated from the
production of chlorinated organic chemicals having carbon contents of one to
five carbons. In addition, F024 contains metal constituents similar to those
present in K028.
Waste characterization data for K028 indicate that the metal
constituents present in K028 and K028 TCLP extracts include barium (2.13 ppm) ;
chromium (total) (1.33 ppm); copper (4.21 ppm); lead (1.17 ppm); nickel (4.63
ppm); vanadium (0.353 ppm); and zinc (5.43 ppm). TCLP extract results for
untreated F024 incinerator ash indicate that untreated F024 contains barium
(1.67-1.99 ppm); chromium (total) (0.4-0.42 ppm); copper (5.54-9.59 ppm); lead
(14.9-63.3 ppm); nickel (3.95-4.39 ppm); and zinc (2.06-2.07 ppm). Based on
these similarities in metal constituents and in constituent concentrations,
the Agency has determined that metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters will
closely resemble in type and concentration those present in untreated F024
incinerator ash.
Therefore, since F024 is generated from a similar industry and
processing steps as K028, and the two wastes are expected to contain similar
3-2
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metals, treatment standards for metals in K028 nonwastewaters were developed
using treatment performance data transferred from stabilization of F024
incinerator ash.
As discussed in the F024 Background Document Amendment (Reference 6)
and the F024 Stabilization Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 7), treatment
performance data were collected from the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash
using a cement binder, a lime/fly ash binder, and a kiln dust binder. The
cement binder was judged best for treatment of F024 using analysis of variance
(ANOVA) tests, as described in the F024 Background Document Amendment
(Reference 6).
The treatment performance data from the stabilization of F024
incinerator ash using a cement binder are presented in Table 3-1.
3.2 Treatment of Organic Constituents
The treatment performance data that were used to develop treatment
standards for organics in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters are summarized in
Appendix A of this document and are discussed in greater detail in EPA's Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Dog'i^ent for U and P
Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of
Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are
Concentration-Based Treatment Standards (Reference 4). These treatment
performance data are from wastewater treatment technologies and were used to
develop treatment standards for organics in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters.
The Agency prefers, whenever possible, to use appropriate wastewater treatment
performance data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment
units rather than scrubber water concentration data. Scrubber water
concentrations represent the only other source of data available for transfer
to K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters. The Agency believes that the wastewater
treatment data presented in Appendix A represent the best source of treatment
performance data for wastewater forms of K029, K095, and K096. The tested
wastes represented by this wastewater treatment performance data have similar
3-3
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waste characteristics affecting treatment performance and treatment selection
as the untested K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters.
3-4
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Table 3-1
TCLP ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES - CEMENT BINDER
Binder-to-Ash Ratio: 0.55
Water-to-Ash: 0.2
BDAT Hit Constituent
15
15
15
15
15
15
22
16
16
16
16
16
16
U> 161
1 16
01 161
1 . Ant Imony
5. Arsenic
6. Barium
7. Beryllium
9 . Cadmium
t. Chromium (total)
L. Chromium (VI)
1. Copper
L . Lead
! . Mercury
}. Nickel
h . Selenium
S. Silver
S. Thallium
J . Vanadium
). Zinc
Aluminum
Calcium
Cobalt
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Sodium
Tin
Detection
Limit
(mull)
0.076
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.018
0.057
0.0003
0.025 '
0.002
0.00*
0.004
0.007
0.003
0.023
0.001
0.01
0.012
0.001
0.001
0.037
0.021
0.105
Concentration In
Untreated Waste, (ng/1)
Sample Set
1
ND
0.013
1.99
0.002
0.021
0.4
0.34
5.54
63.3
0.0006
4.39
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
15.8
588
0.06
13.1
146
1.98
ND
45
1.04
2
ND
0.015
1.72
0.002
0.021
0.41
0.075
6.71
33.3
ND
3.96
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.07
16.9
584
0.053
12.8
140
2.19
0.041
44.8
0.43
3
ND
0.014
1.67
0.002
0.021
0.42
0.049
9.59
14.9
ND
3.93
ND
ND
ND
HD
2.06
16.4
588
0.049
13.2
145
2.21
ND
45.1
0.32
Concentration In the 28-Day
Cure Treated Waste (mg/1)
Sample Set
1
ND
0.004
1.84
ND
ND
0.031
0.19
ND
0.011
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.041
0.45
2,003
ND
0.022
0.095
ND
0.062
37.4
ND
2
ND
0.
0.
ND
ND
0.
0.
ND
0.
ND
ND
HD
ND
ND
ND
0.
0.
1,870
0.
0.
0.
ND
0.
37.
ND
002
88
01
IS
006
05
28
012
037
30
056
2
3
ND
0.002
1.02
ND
ND
0.013
0.14
ND
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.173
0.26
1,880
ND
0.17
1.28
0.001
0.078
37.4
ND
ND - Not detected.
•Non-BDAT-Llst Constituent.
Source:
Final Onslte Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Waterways Experiment
Station, Vlcksburg, Mississippi (Reference 7).
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4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.0 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR K028, K029, K095, AND KQ96
This section supplements the discussion in Section 5.0
(Identification of Best Demonstrated and Available Technology (BOAT)) of the
K028 Final BDAT Background Document (Reference 1). This section discusses
technologies that are available for treatment of metals in K028 nonwastewaters
and of organics in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, and identifies BDAT for
these wastes. The technologies that are available for treatment of the
organic constituents found in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, along with
identification of BDAT for these constituents, are discussed in EPA's Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U and P
Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of
Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are
Concentration-Based Treatment Standards (Reference 4).
To determine the best technology, the Agency examines all available
treatment performance data on technologies that are identified as demonstrated
for the waste of concern, or for a waste similar to the waste of concern, to
evaluate whether one or more of the technologies performs significantly better
than the others. If data are available for only one technology for treating a
waste, then that technology is "best." When data are available for more than
one treatment technology, the "best" performing treatment technology is
usually determined by statistical methods as discussed in EPA's Methodology
for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (Reference 2). As described in this
section, this was the case for the metals in nonwastewater forms of K028. In
the case of the wastewater treatment data available to the Agency (and
described in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039).
Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards
(Reference 4), a data hierarchy was established to determine the "best"
technology for each constituent. This hierarchy is described in the Volume A
document (Reference 4).
4-1
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The treatment technology that is found to perform best on a
particular waste stream is then evaluated to determine whether it is
"available." To be available, the technology must (1) be commercially
available, and (2) provide "substantial" treatment of the waste, as determined
through evaluation of treatment performance data that have been corrected for
accuracy. In determining whether treatment is substantial, EPA may consider
data on a treatment technology's performance on a waste similar to the waste
in question, provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to
treat. If it is determined that the best performing treatment technology is
not available, then the next best technology is evaluated to determine whether
it is "available."
4.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data
The available treatment performance data presented in Section 3.0
were reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent operation of a
well-designed and well-operated system, whether sufficient quality
assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the
data, and whether the appropriate measures of performance were used to assess
the performance of the treatment technology.
The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the test of stabilization of F024 incinerator ash at Plant I
were reviewed for the points described above. The appropriate measure of
performance (TCLP extract concentration) was used to assess the treatment
system (stabilization). Additionally, the Agency had no reason to believe
that the treatment system at Plant I was not well-designed and well-operated,
or that insufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control measures
were employed in generating treatment performance data.
4-2
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4.2 Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data
As noted above, in cases where the Agency has treatment performance
data from more than one technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as
the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (discussed in EPA's Methodology fog
Development BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 2)) to determine if one
technology performs significantly better than the rest. For F024 (the source
of metal treatment performance data transferred to K028), the Agency has
performance data on stabilization of F024 incinerator ash using three
different binders. Statistical comparison of these data determined that
stabilization using a cement binder performed better than the other binders.
(Discussion of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test results for the three
binders is presented in the F024 Background Document Amendment (Reference 6)).
Therefore, stabilization using a cement binder has been found to represent the
best technology for treatment of, metals in nonwastewater forms of K028.
4.3 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
As discussed above, stabilization has been determined to be the
demonstrated technology for treatment of metals in nonwastewater forms of
K028. Because the Agency does not have treatment performance data for any
other technologies for treating K028 metals or similar wastes, this treatment
technology is considered to be the best. Therefore, the best demonstrated
technology for metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters has been determined
to be stabilization.
The best demonstrated technology for K029, K095, and K096 wastewater
constituents is presented in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment
Standards (Reference 4).
4-3
-------
4.4 Available Treatment Technologies
The best technology for treatment of K028 nonwastewater metals,
stabilization, is considered to be commercially available. Furthermore, the
Agency has determined that this technology will provide substantial treatment
of F024 metals, and therefore of K028 metals also. Consequently, this
technology is considered to be available for treatment of K028 metal
constituents, and has been determined to be BOAT.
The best technologies for treatment of K029, K095, and K096
wastewaters are also considered to be commercially available. Furthermore,
the Agency has determined that these technologies will provide substantial
treatment of the constituents of concern in the tested wastes, and therefore
of K029, K095, and K096 also. Consequently, these technologies are considered
to be available for treatment of K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters, and have
been determined to be BOAT.
The identification of these technologies as BOAT for K028, K029,
K095, and K096 does not preclude a facility from recycling or reuse operations
in accordance with 40 CFR Part 261. In addition, the promulgated BOAT
technologies do not preclude the use of other treatment technologies that can
achieve the concentration-based treatment standards so long as those
technologies do not constitute impermissible dilution or land disposal.
4-4
-------
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.0 (SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS) OF
THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, KQ95, AND K096
This section supplements the discussion in Section 6.0 (Selection of
Regulated Constituents) of the K028 Final BOAT Background Document (Reference
1). This section presents a discussion of the selection of metal constituents
being regulated in K028 nonwastewaters and of organic constituents being
regulated in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters.
Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
1. The constituent must be on the BOAT List of constituents.
Presence on the BOAT List means that EPA-approved methods exist
for analysis of the constituent in treated waste matrices.
2. The constituent must be present in. or be suspected of being
present in. the untreated waste. For example, analytical
difficulties may prevent a constituent from being identified in
the untreated waste, but its identification in a treatment
residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it is present in
the untreated waste.
From a group of constituents that are eligible for regulation
because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents
that represents the broader group. For example, from a group of constituents
that react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation those
constituents that (1) are the most difficult to treat, based on waste
characteristics affecting treatment performance; (2) are representative of
other constituents in the waste, based on structural similarities; or (3) are
present in the untreated waste in the highest concentrations. Selecting a
subset of constituents for regulation is done to facilitate implementation of
the compliance and enforcement program.
The Agency initially considered all constituents on the BOAT List
for regulation. Table 6-1 in the K028 Final BDAT Background Document
summarizes available waste characterization data for K028, K029, K095, and
K096 for the BDAT List constituents. If an analysis for a constituent was
5-1
-------
performed but the constituent was not detected in the untreated or treated
waste, the table indicates "ND" for that constituent.. Constituents for which
no analysis was performed are identified by "NA" (not analyzed). The
constituents deleted from further consideration and the constituents selected
for regulation in K028 nonwastewaters and in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters
are discussed in the sections below.
5.1 K028 Nonwastewater Metals
The Agency initially considered all metal constituents on the BDAT
List for regulation in nonwastewater forms of K028. However, a BDAT List
metal constituent was deleted from further consideration for regulation if (1)
the constituent was not detected in the untreated waste, (2) the constituent
was not analyzed for in the untreated waste, or (3) other reasons, as
discussed in Section 5.1.1. Constituents that were selected for regulation
are discussed in Section 5.1.2.
5.1.1 BDAT List Metal Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for
Regulation
A BDAT List metal constituent that was detected in untreated K028
was deleted from further consideration for regulation if (1) available
treatment performance data for the constituent in F024 (from which data are
being transferred) did not show effective treatment by BDAT, or (2) other
reasons, as described below. BDAT List metal constituents that remained
following the deletions described in this subsection were further considered
for regulation. These constituents are total chromium, lead, and nickel.
Barium was deleted from further consideration for regulation in K028
nonwastewaters because the BDAT treatment performance data obtained from
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash (from which data are being transferred)
did not show effective treatment for this constituent.
Copper, vanadium, and zinc were further considered for regulation in
K028 nonwastewaters but were not selected as regulated constituents. Although
5-2
-------
the metal compounds copper cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide are
listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, the individual metals copper,
vanadium, and zinc, are not listed. In this Third Third rulemaking, the
Agency is only regulating copper, vanadium, and/or zinc in listed hazardous
wastes if they cannot be controlled by regulation of other metal constituents.
For K028, copper, vanadium, and zinc are believed to be controlled by the
regulation of total chromium, lead, and nickel, and are therefore not being
regulated.
5.1.2 BOAT List Metal Constituents Selected For Regulation
All of the metal constituents that were further considered for
regulation in K028 nonwastewaters have been selected for regulation. The
metal constituents being regulated are total chromium, lead, and nickel.
5.2 K029. K095. and K096 Wastewaters
The Agency initially considered all organic constituents on the BOAT
List for regulation in wastewater forms of K029, K095, and K096. However, a
BOAT List constituent was deleted from further consideration for regulation
if: (1) the constituent was not detected in the untreated waste and is not
suspected of being present in the waste; or (2) the constituent was not
analyzed for in the untreated waste, as discussed in Section 5.2.1.
Constituents that were selected for regulation are discussed in Section 5.2.2.
5.2.1 BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration For
Regulation
BOAT List Constituents Not Detected in the Untreated Waste. BOAT
List constituents that were not detected in untreated K029, K095, and K096
(labeled "ND" in Table 6-1 of the K028 Final BOAT Background Document) were
deleted from further consideration for regulation. Since detection limits
vary according to the nature of the waste matrix being analyzed, the detection
limits, if available, determined in the characterization of K029, K095, and
K096, are included in Appendix D of the K028 Final BOAT Background Document.
5-3
-------
BOAT List Constituents Not Analyzed For in the Untreated Waste.
Some constituents on the BOAT List were deleted from further consideration for
regulation because these constituents were not analyzed for in untreated K029,
K095, and K096 (labeled "NA" in Table 6-1 of the K028 Final BOAT Background
Document). Constituents such as organochlorine pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid
herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
and dioxins and furans, were not analyzed for in the untreated waste because
it was extremely unlikely that these constituents would be present in these
waste.
5.2.2 BOAT List Constituents Selected For Regulation
All of the organic constituents that were further considered for
regulation in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters have been selected for
regulation. The constituents being regulated are presented in Table 5-1, at
the end of this section.
5-4
-------
Table 5-1
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN K029, K095, AND K096 WASTEWATERS
K029
14. Chloroform
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
24. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
50. Vinyl chloride
K095
40. 1,1,1,2-Te trachloroe thane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethane
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
K096
40. 1.1,1.2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethane
86. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
137. Pentachloroe thane
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
5-5
-------
6.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.0 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS)
OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR K028, K029, K095, AND K096
This section supplements the discussion in Section 7.0 (Calculation
of BOAT Treatment Standards) of the K028 Final BDAT Background Document
(Reference 1).
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT
treatment systems. These standards must account for analytical limitations in
available treatment performance data, and the data must be adjusted for
variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and
procedures. This section discusses the calculation of treatment standards for
K028 nonwastewater metals. Treatment standard calculations for the
constituents selected for regulation in K029, K095, and K096 wastewaters are
presented and discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039). Volume A: Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards
(Reference 4). The treatment standards being promulgated for organic
constituents in wastewater forms of K029, K095, and K096 are presented in
Table 1-2.
BDAT treatment standards for metal constituents in K028
nonwastewater residuals were calculated based on the transfer of three sample
sets of treatment performance data from the stabilization of F024 incinerator
ash using a cement binder. Before treatment standards were calculated, the
treatment performance data were corrected to account for analytical
interferences associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. A
complete discussion of the accuracy correction of treatment data is provided
in Appendix C of the K028 Final BDAT Background Document. Table 6-1 (at the
end of this section) presents the corrected TCLP concentrations of metal
constituents in the stabilized F024 rotary kiln incinerator ash.
Concentration data are presented for only those constituents used to develop
treatment standards for metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters.
6-1
-------
The treatment standards for K028 nonwastewater metals were
calculated as shown in Table 6-2 (at the end of this section). The following
three steps were used to calculate the treatment standards:
(1) The arithmetic average of the accuracy-corrected concentrations
for each regulated constituent in the treated waste was
calculated using the data presented in Table 6-1 of this
document.
(2) Using the same data, a variability factor (discussed in EPA's
Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference
2)) was calculated that represents the variability inherent in
the performance of the treatment system, the collection of
treated samples, and the analysis of samples. Where
concentrations in the treated waste were reported as less than
or equal to the detection limit for all the data points in the
data set, variability is still expected, since the actual
concentrations could range from zero to the detection limit.
In these cases, the Agency assumed a log normal distribution of
data points between the detection limit and a value one-tenth
of the detection limit and then calculated a variability factor
of 2.8.
(3) The treatment standard for each constituent to be regulated was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the
accuracy-corrected concentrations (step (1) above) by the
variability factor (step (2) above).
The treatment standards being promulgated for metal constituents in
nonwastewater forms of K028 are also presented in Table 1-1.
6-2
-------
Table 6-1
CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR METAL
CONSTITUENTS IN STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH USED FOR
TRANSFER TO K028 NONWASTEWATERS
Corrected TCLP Concentration
in the Treated Waste (mg/1)
Sanrole Set
BOAT List Constituent
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
163. Nickel
0.036
0.014
<0.031
0.011
0.008
<0.031
0.015
'0.009
<0.031
6-3
-------
Table 6-2
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN K028 NONWASTEWATERS
Regulated BOAT List Constituent
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
162. Nickel
Arithmetic Average of
Corrected Treatment
Values* (ppm)
0.021
0.010
0.031
Variability Factor (VF)
(Average » VF)
3.5
2.0
2.8
Treatment Standard* (ppm)
0.073
0.021
0.088
•The treatment standard values shown In this table have been rounded to show two significant figures.
-------
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This background document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-W9-0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Richard
Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant, Section Head,
Treatment Technology Section; Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer; and Elaine Eby,
Project Manager. Mr. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document: John Williams, Program Manager; and Mary Willett,
Project Director.
7-1
-------
8.0 REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Wastes from the Production of 1.1.1-
Trichloroethane - K028. K029. K095. and K096. May, 1989.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards.
June, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
3. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Treatment Technology Background Document. June, 1989.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
4. U.S. EPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039). Volume A: Wastevater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039) For Which There Are Concentration-Based
Treatment Standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
5. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. California List Notice of Data Availability. 52
Federal Register 29992, August 12, 1987.
6. U.S. EPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Final Amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for Wastes From the
Production of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons--F024. Washington,
D.C.: U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
7. U.S. EPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Final Onsite Engineering Report of Stabilization of
F024 Rotary-Kiln Incinerator Ash at U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg. MS. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8. American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1985.
Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastevater. Sixteenth
Edition. Washington, D.C.
8-1
-------
APPENDIX A
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR K029, K095, AND K096 WASTEWATER
CONSTITUENTS
A-l
-------
Chloroform (U044). Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for chloroform including data from the ITD,
and WERL databases and literature WAO and PACT" data. These data are
presented in Table 4-15. Technologies for which data are available include
AL, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, CAC+AirS, chemical oxidation (ChOx), GAG, PACT",
RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITO database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown '
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for chloroform is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 12.2 ppb and the ITD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for chloroform (0.046 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
A-2
-------
TABLE 4-15
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMAHCE DATA
FOR CHLOROFORM
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS*Fll
A|rS
A;rS
.Mrs
AirS
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
RU
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
pffi't
ffll
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
JACILITY
1607B
IB
203A
141A
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
6B
IB
6B
202D
234A
IB
375E
IB
975B
234A
234A
6B
238A
1607B
1607B
375E
1587B
241B
234A
203A
6B
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328C
DETECTION RAMGE
LIMIT IHFLCEHT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
ippb)
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100*1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
HO. OF
DATA
POINTS
3
6
14
2
3
14
3
7
5
3
6
7
6
3
3
3
2
20
7
5
14
27
29
14
14
5
1
5
AVERAGE
EFFLDEHT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (1)
(ppb)
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2.300
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
18.000
19.000
38.000
lo.'ooo
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.000
REMOVAL
w
90.1
96.8
61
92.3
97.4
86
77
30
77
36
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
85
84
87
98.7
53
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
98.2
77
83
REFERENCE
•mi
•mi
*ERL
mi
*m
•mi
*ERL
ViERL
*ERL
•mi
*ERL
«ERL
*ERL
'mi
*m
*ERL
'mi
•«BL
•mi
•mi
mi
mi
•EM.
f*ERL
HCKL
mi
•mi
>'ERL
*EBL
•mi
*ERL
mi
*m
•mi
•mi
mi
•mi
mi
•mi
A-3
-------
TABLE 4-15 [Continued!
»ASTE/iATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOB CHLOROFORM
TECHNOLOGY
AirS
AirS
AirS
AjrS
A;rS
A4IS
AirS
AirS
AirS
CAC
CAC*AirS
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx (02)
ChOx toz
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
DO
SCOx
* SS
* SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
IF
TF
IF
WOX
HOI
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilo
Benc
Benc
Benc
Benc
Pilo
Benc
Benc
Pilo
Pilo
Ful
Benc
Benc
P;lo
Pilo
Ful
t 225B
) 17A
1 17A
J 17A
1 17A
: 210B
h 17A
1 1328E
t 434B
t 203A
1 1833D
1 640E
1 640E
: 331D
t 331D
1 1264B
Pilot 33LD
Ful
Ful
Ful
Benc
Benc
245B
237A
245B
> 242E
1 Ziroro
Bench Zinhro
Pilot 180A
Full 250B
Pilo
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
250B
: 65D
415T
913
6B
6B
251B
251B
Pilot 240A
Full IB
Pilot ?03A
Bench 2;upro
Bench Ziipro
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1470
38
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10 7330-1088000
10 28700-200000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4450000
270000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION \\) (T)
(ppb)
1
1
5
14
25
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
14
15
2
10
10
14
1
1
0.130
2.600
110.000
3.900
4.200
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
0.200
7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
1.000
20.000
0.890
110.000
53.000
1.700
10.500
129.200
10.000
120.000
6000.000
9600.000
11.000
14.000
102.000
3000.000
1000.000
98.9
96.9
91.7
38
98.6
99.2
98.6
84
98
22
89
96
99
37
35
87
98.6
97.6
98.1
96.2
47
99.9
47
71
94.5
87
99.83
99.99
99.88
99.99
96.4
89
36
24
99.9
99
REFERENCE
*ERL
'mi
XERL
•mi
*ERL
'mi
*ERL
XERL
•mi
*ERL
*ERL
mi
XERL
:m
ViERL
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
*ERL
*ERL
<
-------
I.2-Dichloroethane (U077). Several sources of wastewacer treatment
performance data were available for 1,2-dichloroethane, including data from
the ITD, and WERL databases and literature WAO data. These data are presented
in Table 4-20. Technologies for which data are available include AL, AL+AS,
AS, AS+Fil, AirS, CAC, PACT", RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for 1,2-dichloroethane is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 25.6 ppb and the ITD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for 1,2-dichloroethane (0.21 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-10.
A-5
-------
TABLE 4-20
SASTWATER TREATMENT PERPORHAHCE DATA
FOR 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
.AS
.AS
.AS
ASi-Fil
AirS
AirS
CAC
PACT
RO
RO
RO
BO
* ss
* ss
ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
«0x
*)x (B)
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilot 203A
Full IB
Pilot 203A
Full 233D
Pilot 203A
Pilot 241B
Full IB
Full 6B
Pilot 240A
Ful
Ful
Benc
Fu
Pu
Fu
Fu
Fu
BFul
Pilo
6B
375E
1 202D
IB
6B
6B
6B
322B
322B
t 203A
Bench Zinpro
Full 250B
Full 250B
Pilot 323B
Fu
FU
Pu
FU
PU
Ful
Pilo
Ful
Pilo
Benc
Benc
2MB
415T
913
251B
6B
6B
240A
375E
203A
i Zinpro
1054E
DETECTION BAKE HO. OF
LIHII INFLUENT DATA
(ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS
(ppb)
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
210
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10 2339900-2347600
10 172000-327000
1000000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
6280000
1000000
14
6
14
21
14
6
3
13
25
1
6
13
12
3
5
5
14
1
1
15
14
10
15
2
13
7
14
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
CONCENTRATION (i) (i)
(ppb)
15.000
10.000
45.000
8.000
22.000
140.000
4400.000
12.000
5.000
29.000
74.000
3700.000
1800.000
94.000
15.000
1200.000
55.000
189.000
109.000
1.000
350.000
13.000
32.000
43 000
56 '.100
73.300
97.000
56.000
50.000
12.000
45.000
93.000
13000.000
230000.000
90.2
99.75
71
99.67
36
57
33
98.1
94.3
98.6
82
98.6
89
34
98.5
98.5
89
91.8
29
99.5
34
79
37
76
99.99
99.99
99.98
86
65
39
99.8
93.6
REFERENCE
*ERL
mi
SERL
'mi
«ERL
*ERL
«ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
>m
*EBL
*ERL
SERL
>m
*ERL
WERL
«m
ViAO
•EM, '
WERL
*ERL
*ERL
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
*E?L
>ERL
SERL
«ERL
»ERL
*ERL
%0
*ERL
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-6
-------
!_. 1-Dlchloroethvlene (U078). Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,2-dichloroethylene, including data from
the ITD, and WERL databases. These data are presented in Table 4-21.
Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS, AirS, CAC, GAG, RO,
SS, and TF. The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-scale
studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BOAT for 1,1-dichloroethylene is being promulgated as proposed and
is identified as steam stripping (SS). The BOAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment
standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene (0.025 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-10.
A-7
-------
TABLE 4-21
WASTEWTER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
POP 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
TECHHOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SHE
AL Pilot 203A
AL Pilot 203A
.AS Full 6B
.AS Pilot 206B
AS full 201B
AS Pilot 203A
AS Full IB
AS Fill
.AS Ful
16B
IB
AS Pilot 240A
.AS Full 6B
AirS Pilot 217B
AjrS Pilot 222B
AirS Pilot 1362E
AirS Full 1344E
AirS Pilot 1139E
AirS Pilot 1139E
CAC Pilot 203A
GAC Full 237i
GAC Full 1264B
GAC Pilot 1139E
80 Ful
RO Fu
RO Fu
SS Fu
SS Fu
SS FU
* SS Fu
1 250B
250B
251B
: SB
6B
1 415T
* SS Full 913
TF Pilot 240A
TF Pilot 203A
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10 200-10800
10 2900-12300
0-100
100-1000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
14
14
3
20
2
14
2
22
2
12
3
1
1
6
2
14
10
2
15
15
14
12
14
AVERAGE
EFPLCEHT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
83.000
35.000
10.000
0.200
1.000
14.000
5.000
10.000
6.000
1.000
25.000
0.300
1.000
4.000
2.000
7.400
1.000
150.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.200
3.100
240.000
10.000
10 000
10.200
10.000
1.000
85.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(») I*)
61
34
97.2
99.75
97.5
93.4
86
97
92.9
98.3
97
95.6
92.3
99.82
99.94
92.7
98.6
29
64
70
97
98.4
72
78
99.79
99.87
99.77
98.3
60
REFERENCE
*ERL
*ERL
'mi
•mi
*ERL
>iERL
*m
>m
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
•mi
*ERL
TOIL
•mi
*ERL
*ERL
'mi
'mi
•mi
rmi
'mi
'mi
«ERL
'mi
vJEM,
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
mi
mi
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-8
-------
I.1.1-Trichloroethane (U226). Several sources of wastewater
treatment performance data were available for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, including
data from the ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and literature
WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-42. Technologies for which
data are available include AL, AS, AirS, BT, GAG, PACT", RO, SS, TF, and WOx.
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BOAT for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is being promulgated as proposed and
is identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (0.054 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-10.
A-9
-------
TABLE 4-42
HASTWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
.AS
AS
.AS
.AS
.AS
.AS
.AS
.AS
.AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SHE
Full IB
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
201B
IB
234A
IB
IB
Full IB
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Pilo
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
IB
IB
6B
375E
IB
975B
234A
: 206B
IB
IB
IB
IB
Full IB
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Pul
Ful
Pul
Ful
Pllo
Ful
Ful
Ful
234A
238A
234A
IB
238A
1587B
IB
375E
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
IB
234A
Bench 202D
Pilot REF6
Pilot REF2
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
0-100
0-100
0-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
237
150000
HO. OF
DATA
POINTS
5
6
4
6
5
4
5
6
3
7
4
20
5
6
6
4
6
3
3
3
5
7
3
3
3
5
5
3
6
AVERAGE
EFFLCENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
10.000
21.000
10.000
1.300
850.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
12.000
10.000
1.000
12.000
4.000
1.000
0.300
54.000
5.000
30.000
5.000
28.000
1.300
2.200
1.300
2.000
2.900
0.270
100.000
1.000
7.000
8.000
2.000
8.000
1 000
4.'000
1.300
1600.000
23.000
48683.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(?) W
90
79
89
99.88
87
34
34
31
90
98.9
92.3
87
98.1
97.6
99.77
89
96.2
39
95
94.3
"6
85
73
95.8
77
99.73
70
92.3
83
84
95.8
97.2
98.4
88
88
98.6
REFERENCE
*ERL
j»ERL
mi
*ERL
SERL
*ERL
*ERL
<*ERL
•JERL
*ERL
JiEBL
>'ERL
*'ERL
'mi
mi
*ERL
rmi
«ERL
XERL
mi
mi
XERL
XERL
mi
XERL
XERL
XERL
»'ERL
XERL
BOAT i
BDAT t
I ITD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docunent.
A-10
-------
TABLE 4-42 (Continued)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TECHNOLOGY
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
BT
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
SS
* SS
SS
TF
TF
TF
TF
IT; rui
i^Ox*
"/(Ox
*0x
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
lift
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
811
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
TACILITY
211B
207B
812E
222B
812E
211B
1362E
812E
217B
205B
1344E
219B
P240
1362E
1264B
1264B
812E
242E
Zinpro
Zinpro
180A
250B
323B
250B
6B
913
REF2
375E
IB
IB
IB
1133E
REF10
Zinpro
242E
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10-215
10-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4970
405
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
10 11900-35000
150000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
370000
50 6900-9600
100000-1000000
HO. OF
DATA
POINTS (
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
14
5
7
5
6
5
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECO'
SNCENTRATION (i
ippb)
1.000
0.500
49.000
1.100
3.000
1.700
130.000
12.000
0.300
7.000
0.200
0.500
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.000
1.000
25.000
0.050
36.000
2.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
463.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
5.000
30.000
1000.000
400.000
im REMOVAL
I '< }
98.8
97.5
95.9
99.75
92.9
99.5
97.8
89
97
96.8
99.98
96.7
99.99
96.6
99.35
99.05
93.3
99.9
93.8
98.2
95/6
97.8
93.8
99.94
50
92.6
98.3
92.2
40
99.96
REFERENCE
*ERL
'mi
'mi
>ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
mi
*ERL
BOAT *
>'ERL
*ERL
>ERL
*ERL
•mi
*AO
JiAO
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
•mi
i^ERL
ITD-L *
BOAT t
•mi
•mi
•mi
•mi
*ERL
BOAT *
*ERL
I ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Backo^round Docunent.
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-ll
-------
Vlnvl Chloride (U043). Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for vinyl chloride, including data from the
ITD and WERL databases. These data are presented in Table 4-47. Technologies
for which data are available include AS, AS+Fil, AirS, and SS. The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the*
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for vinyl chloride is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 50 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for vinyl chloride (0.27 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-10.
A-12
-------
TABLE 4-47
JJASTBiATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR VINYL CHLORIDE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AirS
AirS
AirS
SS
* SS
* SS
SS
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Fill
Fu
Fu.
FU.
Ful
Pilo
1 6B
IB
IB
IB
6B
t 217B
Full 1344E
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
69A
251B
913
725
6B
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
50 50-3500
50 410000-2230000
1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
3
6
4
6
14
1
10
14
13
11
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
CONCENTRATION (!) |T)
(PPb)
50.000
100.000
20.000
3900.000
50.000
0.500
0.100
0.300
10.000
50.000
37944.200
120.000
94.9
94.1
80
92.9
98.3
93.1
99.99
96.4
99.88
99.99
REFERENCE
«EBL
'mi
SEM,
mi
*ERL
'mi
«ERL
>ERL
*ERL
ITD-L *
ETD-L *
*ERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-13
-------
Pvridine (U196). The data available for pyridine were compiled from
the WERL database and EPA VAO test data and are presented in Table 4-36.
Technologies for which data are available include AS, AnFF, and WOx + PACT".
The treatment performance data represent bench-, and pilot-scale studies. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.9 ppb to 1900 ppb with a
detection limit for pyridine established at 2.4 ppb (see Table C-l,
Appendix C).
BOAT for pyridine is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
as anaerobic fixed film biological treatment (ARFF). Anaerobic fixed film was
selected as BOAT since this demonstrated biological treatment technology
showed substantial treatment to levels below the detection limit. The BOAT
treatment standard for pyridine was calculated using an effluent concentration
of 2.4 ppb (which represents the detection limit for pyridine) and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for pyridine (0.014 ppm)
is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
1.1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane (U208). The data available for 1,1,1,2-
tetrachloroethane were compiled from literature WAO data and are presented in
Table 4-37. The technology for which data were available was bench-scale
PACT".
BOAT for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is being promulgated as proposed
and is identified as PACT'1. PACT" was selected as BOAT because it represents
data with a high removal efficiency and the lowest achievable effluent. The
BOAT treatment standard for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment
standard for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (0.057 ppm) is described in Section 6.0
and is shown in Table 6-10.
A-14
-------
TABLE 4-36
/iASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PYRIDINE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OP AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE ~ (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (*) ('<)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
* AnPP
Wx * PACT
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
1054E
235D
3inpro
1000-10000
1000-10000
>180000 3
1900.000
0.900
146.000
37
99.9
99.9
*ERL
mi *
*AO
Data used in developing proposed standard.
TABLE 4-37
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OP AVERAGE
TECBHOLOGY TECHHOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLDEST DATA EFFLDENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFEREHCE
SIZE (ppb) coHqifmiioM POINTS CONCENTRATIOH di 151
* PACT Bench Zinpro 36 1 10.000 72 »AO *
Data used in developinq proposed standard.
A-15
-------
I.I.2.2-Tetrachloroethane (U209). The data available for 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table 4-38. Technologies for which data are available include
AS, AirS, BT, and GAG. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from 0.0005 ppb to 11,000 ppb.
BOAT for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is being promulgated as proposed
and is identified as carbon adsorption. Granular activated carbon (GAG) was
selected as BOAT because of its full-scale treatment performance with high
influent concentrations and a high removal efficiency. The BOAT treatment
standard for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was calculated using the effluent
concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard
for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (0.057 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-10.
TIM IP d*^ft
HASTEWATEX TREATMENT PESFORHAHCE DATA
POT 1,1,2,2-TETJACHLOllOBTHANE
TECHHOLOGY
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
BT
* GAC
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF
TECHHOLOGY FACILITY LINIT INFLOEHT DATA
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS
(ppb)
Bench
m
Pilot
Full
Full
NY0007048
NJ0028291
LA0066435
LA0066214
LA0065501
NJ0030392
202D
IB
1363E
71D
LA0038245
215B
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
9
13
15
6
4
2
1
38
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
CONCENTRATION (*) (»)
(ppb)
1.560
7 '.570
5.000
5.000
0.005
11000.000
3.000
4.600
41.000
5.313
10.000
94.5
93.5
99
95.5
99.1
REFERENCE
HPDES
NPDES
HPDES
NPDES
HPDES
NPDES
*ERL
ilRL
rf'ERL
HPDES
mi *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-16
-------
Tetrachloroethene (U210). Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for tetrachloroethene, including data from the
ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and literature PACT" data.
These data are presented in Table 4-39. Technologies for which data are
available include AL, AS, AS+Fil, Airs, AnFF, BT, CAC+AirS, ChOX, chemical
reduction (Chred) , GAG, PACT", RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown '
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for tetrachloroethene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10.4 ppb and the ITD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for tetrachloroethene (0.056 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-10.
A-17
-------
TABLE 4-39
HASTEWATER TREATNENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TETRACHLOROETHENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS.
AS+Pjl
AStfll
AjrS
AjrS
AjrS
Airs
AirS
AirS
AjrS
AirS
AirS
A|rS
A}rS
AirS
A|rS
AirS
AnFF
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Fill
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Pu
FU
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
FU
Fu
Fill
1 IB
IB
IB
IB
238A
1587B
234A
238A
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
Pilot 241B
Fill
Ful
Pttl
Ful
M
fit
Ful
a
m
PllO
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
8
6B
t 221B
Pilot 71D
Full 223B
PUot 222B
Pjlot 217B
Pilot 207B
Full 69A
PUo
Pilo
Pilo
Pilo
t 220B
t 208B
t 1363E
t 214B
Full 1042E
Full 322B
Pilot 1362B
Bench 724D
DETECTION RAUGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
6
3
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
3
6
5
6
22
4
6
6
6
5
1
15
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (t)
(ppb)
10.000
10.000
2.000
8.000
2.100
0.870
22.000
1.600
1.000
3.900
9.000
5.000
22.000
28.000
11.000
440.000
8.000
6.000
48.000
26.000
0.600
8.000
14.000
100.000
230.000
11.000
0.500
0.200
0.800
0.200
0.300
0.500
0.960
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.900
0.500
1.200
5.000
4.400
REMOVAL
m
30
83
97.5
85
87
97.8
49
87
96
96.7
75
96.7
45
71
95.3
85
89.5
93
79
78
95.9.
85
74
83
99.04
97.7
95.8
98.7
99.43
94.3
99.73
98.3
98.4
99.76
99.17
97.1
99.31
99.71
99.75
99.74
99.99
REFERENCE
'mi
'mi
mi
'mi
*ERL
•mi
~mi
•mi
•mi
'mi
*ERL
•mi
'mi
'mi
*ERL
*ERL
•mi
mi
•mi
'mi
•mi
•mi
'mi
»ER>
WERL
UERL
rai-
«ERL
*ERL
>'ERL
»ERL
mi
'mi
'mi
'rf'ERL
•*m
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
•mi
WERL
A-18
-------
TABLE 4-39 (Continued!
WASTEMTES TREATMENT PERFORHAHCE DATA
FOR TETRACHLOROBTHENE
TECHHOLOGY
BT
BT
BT
CACfAirS
CMx
ChOx
Chred
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
SO
RO
* SS
SS
SS
TF
r
TF
r
TF
TF
0V [B]
WOX1 J
Wx
TECHHOLOGY TACILITY
SIZE
Fui
Ful
Ful
?ul
I P225
P280
REF4
1833D
Pilot 2026A
Pilot 2026A
Benc
Ful
Ful
Ful
Benc
Benc
Benc
1
1264B
245B
237A
1 242E
i Z;npro
i Zinbro
PUot 323B
Pilot 180A
Ful
Fill
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Bend
913
251B
6B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1 1138E
REF10
Pilot 78D
DETECTION RAHGE
LIHIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
95-31500
110-1748
62
0-100
0-100
0-100
250
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
304
136
0-100
0-100
10 10800-241000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
41000
1000000
HO. OF
DATA
POINTS
18
12
1
7
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
14
10
2
5
5
3
4
6
5
1
1
AVERAGE
EFFLDEHT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (*)
(ppb)
47.000
10.000
7.300
0.100
2.000
1.700
5.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
0.250
18.400
10.000
10.000
12.000
26.000
18.000
1.000
6.000
3.000
7.500
1000.000
900.000
REMOVAL
I*)
89
86
84
95.2
99.13
96.3
92.6
99.7
93
68
81
99.29
99.95
81
83
54
96.9
92.7
94.3
85
99.98
REFERENCE
BOAT f
BOAT }
BOAT 1
*ERL
*ERL
«m
ART
•mi
«m
'mi
XERL
vttO
m
•mi
«E1L
ITD-L *
»ERL
•mi
•mi
mi
rail
mi
>m
VE8L
fmi
BOAT 1
«EBL
/ ITD data presented i(i the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docuient.
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-19
-------
Trichloroethene (U228). Several sources of wastewater treatment:
performance data were available for trichloroethene, including data from the
ITD and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, BOAT test data, and
additional literature data. These data are presented in Table 4-44.
Technologies for which data are available include Chred, AS, AirS, BT, BT+AC,
CAC+Air S, ChOx, GAG, PACT", RO, SS, TF, and WOx. The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BOAT for trichloroethene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping (SS). The BOAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for trichloroethene (0.054 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-10.
A-20
-------
TABLE 4-44
>!ASTEWATER TREATHENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TRICHLOROETHENE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
.IS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AjrS
AjrS
AjrS
AirS
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE - (ppb)
Bench 202D
Ful
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
1 IB
1 IB
1 6B
1 1587E
1 375E
1 IB
Pilot 206B
Full 238A
full IB
Pilot 241B
Full IB
Fu
FU
Fu
Fu
Fu
Pu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
Pile
Pilo
ful
234A
201B
IB
IB
6B
238A
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
: 1362E
209B
199B
Pilot 26A
Pilot 216B
Pilot 219B
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
NO. OP
DATA
POINTS
4
6
3
7
6
20
3
4
5
6
6
6
5
5
3
5
6
4
6
5
3
1
1
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
210.000
5.000
2.000
10.000
0.100
2.500
1.000
1.500
2.100
3.000
7.000
64.000
0.700
13.000
2.000
1.000
10.000
0.500
0.700
31.000
87.000
4.000
37.000
16.000
1.000
0.800
1.500
27.000
2.100
0.500
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(M W
99.78
89
99.23
94.1
95.7
58
96.7
98.6
90.6
97.3
96.7
87
71
87
97.6
98.5
89
94.8
92.3
74
87
89.7
92.6
72
99.94
99.58
99.75
87
98.9
99.58
REFERENCE
*ERL
ViERL
•mi
•mi
SERL
>ERL
«ERL
XERL
iJERL
>'ERL
SERL
SERL
»ERL
'/iERL
«ERL
ViERL
'/iERL
•mi
SERL
•mi
•mi
mi
HERL
mi
•mi
mi
mi
A-21
-------
TABLE 4-44 (Continued)
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TRICHLOROETHENE
TECHNOLOGY
-UrS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AjrS
AirS
AjrS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
A;rS
AirS
AirS
AirS
A}rS
AirS
AirS
AirS
A^rS
AirS
A}rS
AjrS
AirS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT+AC
CACUirS
ChOx
TECHNOLOGY TACILITY
SIZE
Pj
PV
Pi
P;
Pi
.ot 369A
ot 211B
.ot 205E
Ot 220B
Ot 217B
Full 322B
Pilot 1327E
Pilot 212B
Full 223B
Full 69A
Pilot 369A
Pi:
Pi
pi:
P
Pll
Ot 221B
Ot 1585E
Ot 1363E
ot 1327E
ot 211B
Full 1042E
Pjlot 215B
Pilot 208B
Pilot 222B
Full 322B
Pilot 1585E
Pilot 7LD
Pilot 207B
ft
Pll
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
1 REF4
1 P213
1 P217
1 P253
1 P246
1 1833D
Pilot 2026A
DETECTION RAKGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
fppb)
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 .
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
60
16-76
98-224
484
40-70
0-100
0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
20
4
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION |T)
(ppb)
0.300
3.100
1.000
0.200
1.200
0.460
190.000
0.400
0.500
1.400
3.000
0.500
4.300
5.000
4.300
7.700
0.300
0.500
0.700
0.300
11.000
170.000
5.000
0.500
5.800
10.000
10.000
16.000
10.000
0.200
3.700
REMOVAL
CO
99.44
98.6
97.2
99.92
99.69
99.91
91.3
99.6
98.2
98.1
93.2
99.44
87
97.1
87
99.3
99.68
98
99.03
99.21
99.77
84
98.5
98.7
90
96.2
REFERENCE
>iERL
>ERL
*ERL
>'ERL
*ERL
>TRL
*TRL
«ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
*ERL
>m
*ERL
WERL
*ERL
>m
*ERL
*ERL
•*m
KERL
i»ERL
>ERL
BDAT I
BDAT i
BDAT ;!
BDAT !
BDAT ?
XERL
•mi
I ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docunent.
A-22
-------
TABLE 4-44 [Continued!
HASTEWATER TCEATHENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TRICHLOROETHEHE
TECHNOLOGY
ChOx
Chred
Chred
Chred
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PAQ
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
* SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
» SS
SS
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
JJV [B]
*0x
r«x [B]
TECHNOLOGY TACILITY
SIZE
Pilot 2026A
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Full 1264B
Full 1264B
Full 245B
Full 1264B
Full 245B
Full 237A
Pilot REF8
Bench 242E
Bench Ziupro
Bench Zinpro
Bench Zinpro
Pul 250B
Pile
Fu
Pa
Fu
Fa
Fu,
Fa
Fu.
Fa
Pu
Fa
Fu
Pal
Benc
Benc
Benc
Benc
250B
323B
415
251B
6B
6B
251B
913
P284
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1 U38E
) Zjnpro
1 Zinpro
78&
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
ippb)
100-1000
200
280
300
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
171
0-100
326
90
32.8
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10 59-10300
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
1000-10000
10 22900-52700
10-10300
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
500000
300000
100000-1000000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (1) (*)
ippb)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
10
14
2
10
14
15
6
5
5
5
6
1
1
7.100
5.000
3.900
0.400
1.000
1.000
10.000
1.300
10.000
10.000
0.590
10.000
1.000
10.000
0.005
110.000
5.500
68.000
16.100
5.000
16.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
16.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
22.000
1700.000
2000.000
1700.000
94.4
99.36
98.8
97.8
98.6
99.46
95.8
89
99.7
39
99.98
78
79
30
99.91
99.20
99.97
99.79
98.8
99.33
98.5
98.4
93.2
56
99.7
99.3
99.66
REFERENCE
«ERL
ART
ART
ART
*ERL
SERL
*ERL
>ERL
BOAT i
>m
«AO
mi
*ERL
ViERL
ITD-L *
SERL
*ERL
WRL
*ERL
ITD-L *
BOAT 1
XERL
"ttSL
XERL
*ERL
XERL
*ERL
ii^O
.XA'O
| ITD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docunent.
<< Data use
-------
I.1.2-Trichloroethane (U227). Several sources of wastewater
treatment performance data were available for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, including
data from the ITD and UERL databases and literature PACT'' data. These data
are presented in Table 4-43. Technologies for which data are available
include AS, PACT", SS, and WOx. The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is being promulgated as proposed and
is identified as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane (0.054 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-10.
A-24
-------
TABLE 4-43
•rfASTEWATDI TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHAHE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
AS Full 6B
AS Pilot 206B
AS Full 6B
AS Full IB
AS Pilot 241B
PACT Bench 242E
PACT Bench 190E
PACT Bench Zirapro
SCOx Pilot 65D
* SS Fu.
* SS Fu
SS Fu.
SS Fu,
SS Fu.
SS Fu
*)x Ful
1 913
415T
6B
6B
251B
251B
1 242E
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
30
100000-1000000
10 416-26400
10 220-14500
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLCEHT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (\) I*)
(ppb)
3
20
3
3
5
1
14
15
2
8
10
10
18
28
10
5
110
5
4
5
36
11
10
10
10
10
5
30
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.200
.000
.000
.200
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
97.1
79
60
38
54
33
99.68
33
99.98
99.96
99.85
99.87
99.91
99.91
REFESENCE
*ERL
'mi
'mi
'mi
«ERL
'mi
*ERL
*AO
*m
ITD-L *
TTD-L *
'mi
*ERL
*ERL
am,
viERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-25
-------
Hexachloroethane (U131). The data available for hexachloroethane
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-97.
Technologies for which data are available include AS and AS+Fil. Data are
available from pilot and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentration for both studies was 10 ppb.
BOAT for hexachloroethane is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). AS+Fil was
selected as BOAT since it represents full-scale treatment performance with a
high removal efficiency. The BOAT treatment standard for hexachloroethane was
calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for hexachloroethane (0.055 ppm) is
described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-97
HASTEWATES TXEATHEHY PERFOEMAKE DATA
FOR HBXACHLOBOETHANE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHHOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (I) (*)
(ppb) (ppb)
AS
* ASrFil
Pilot
Pull
241B
6B
100-1000
100-1000
11
14
10.000
10.000
97.1
93.8
XERL
ViERL *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-26
-------
**********************************
The pentachloroethane wastewater
treatment standard is based on a
transfer of hexachloroethane data.
**********************************
A-27
-------
m-Dichlorobenzene (U071). The data available for m-dichlorobenzene
were compiled from the UERL database and are presented in Table 4-77A. In
addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry just prior
to proposal are presented in Table 4-77B. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), AS, AirS, BGAC, GAG, PACT", RO,
and BT. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.160 ppb to
3,300 ppb.
At proposal, BOAT for m-dichlorobenzene was identified as biological
treatment and the treatment standard was based on an effluent concentration of
3.6 ppb from activated sludge (AS). Between proposal and promulgation, EPA
evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available for m-dichloro-
benzene. Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial
treatment of m-dichlorobenzene and showed average leachate effluent values
greater than that of activated sludge, these data were used to calculate the
promulgated standard. Therefore, BOAT for m-dichlorobenzene is biological
treatment.
The BOAT treatment standard for m-dichlorobenzene was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT
treatment standard for m-dichlorobenzene (0.036 ppm) is described in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
A-28
-------
TABLE 4-77A
KASTEHATCX TKEATHm PEKTOKHABCB
DATA
FOR B-DICHLOROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AFP
AS
* AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
BGAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
RO
SO
DETECTION RAHGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIHIf INPLOENT
SIZE
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
Bench 501A 0-100
HO. OF
DATA
POINTS
34
Full - 1587E 0-100
Pull 975B 100-1000
Pilot 241B 100-1000
Pull IB 100-1000
Full 975
Bench 202
Bench 1328
Bench 501
Fun 1421
S 0-100
> 10000-100000
! 10000-100000
i 0-100
) 0-100
11
2
5
34
Bench 975B 0-100
full 6B 100-1000
Pjlot 323B 0-100
10
Pilot 180A 0-100
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (t)
(PPb)
7.100
0.270
3.600
41.000
5.000
340 ! 000
3300.000
0.500
0.290
2.000
25.000
9.000
0.160
REMOVAL
(*)
2!
77
99.14
89
98
93.3
99.51
89
94.9'
80
83
96.9
66
69
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HEM, *
HERL
HEM,
HERL
HERL
HEM,
HEM,
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
TABLE 4-77B
INDUSTRY-SUBMITTED TREATMENT PEEFORXAKE
DATA FOR i-DICHLOBOBEXZEHB
TECHNOLOGY
DETECTIOH
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY UHIT
SIZE
RANGE
IHFLDENT
COiCZmiTIOf
(PPb)
NO. OF
DATA
POUTS
AVERAGE
EFFIOEW
(PPS)
RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
W (*)
BT
DON
10
46-205
10.000
91.24 LEACHATE
A-29
-------
1.2.4-Tricholorobenzene. The data available for 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene were compiled from Che WERL database and are presented in
Table 4-115. Technologies for which data are available include AFF, AS, BGAC,
GAG, PACT", RO, and TF. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from 0.02 ppb to 89 ppb.
BOAT for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and
is identified as PACT". PACT" was selected as BOAT since this technology
represents full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a high
removal efficiency. The BOAT treatment standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (0.055 ppm) is
described in Section 6.0 and is'shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-115
WASTEHATEI THATIBW I~
FOI 1,2,4-THCHLO]
DATA
TECHNOLOGY
AfP
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BGAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
* PACT
RO
TF
DETECTION RAKGE
TEOfflOLQGY FACILITY LIMIT IHFLOEHT
SIZE (ppb) COMCEHT|ATIOM
(PP«>)
Bench
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
mi
SOU
6B
241B
IB
201B
IB
975B
200B
SOLA
. 245B
1421D
200B
6B
180A
IB
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
HO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLCEHT RECOVEJY REMOVAL
POIMS COHOmATIOM (1) (*)
(PPO)
23
330
9
6
13
4
14
34
1
12
10
3
0.870
71.000
89.000
8.000
14.000
89.000
36.000
12.000
0.280
10.000
0.830
2.100
10.000
0.020
5.000
90.5
88
86
92
80
91.9
34
90
96.9
99.74
90
98
96
95.7
91.7
REFEXEHCE
*ERL
'mi
*ERL
'mi
'mi
'mi
'mi
mi
>TRL
'mi
XEKL
'mi
•mi *
'mi
«m
Data used in developing proposed standard.
A-30
-------
APPENDIX B
QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL DATA
B-l
-------
Table B-l
STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
Cement Binder: Run #2
Sample Results
Original
Amount Found*
(DDO>)
0.0036
1.84
<0.0009
<0.0027
0.0311
0.00944
<0.0179
0.0112
0
<0.0249
0.0406
0.4542
2,000
<0.0102
0.0219
0.0947
<0.0012
0.0623
37.4
<0.105
Amount
Spiked
(ppro)
0.1
2
2
2
2
0.010
2
0.075
0.0005
2
2
2
1,000
2
2
2
2
2
24
4
BOAT Lilt Constituent
155. Arsenic
136. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
1S9. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
Aluminum
Calcium
Cobalt
Icon
MagnasIurn
Manganese
Molybdenum
Sodium
Tin
* Non-BDAT List Constituent
'For constituents not detected In the treatment residual at or above the detection limit (DL), the original amount found Is
considered as zero In calculating percent recovery.
"Percent recovery - 100 x (CI-C<)/C,, where C, Is amount recovered, C0 - original amount found, and C, - amount spiked.
Amount
Recovered
(pom)
0.105
3.70
1.74
1.61
1.77
0.0185
1.71
0.007
0.000483
1.61
1.61
2.25
3,020
1.52
1.66
1.71
1.62
1.78
62.2
4.01
Percent
Recove ry*
(!)
101.3
93.2
87.1
80.3
87.2
90.8
85.6
78.4
96.6
80.5
78.3
90.0
102
75.8
81.8
80.7
80.9
85.7
103
100
Duplicate Sample Results
Amount
Recovered
Percent
Recovery*
ippra> (!)
0
3
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
2
3,060
1
1
1
1.
1.
63.
4,
.109
.78
.75
.62
.79
.185
.71
.0735
.000497
.59
.66
.28
.57
.66
.70
62
75
7
,05
105
97
87
80
88
90
85
83
99
79
81
91
106
78
82
80
81
84
110
101
.2
.6
.9
.0
.8
.6
.1
.4
.7
.2
.4
.6
.1
.4
.0
.5
Relative Percent
Difference
3.7
2.1
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.0
0.0
4.9
2.9
1.0
3.5
1.2
1.3
3.7
0.3
0.4
0.1
1.3
2.3
0.8
-------
Table B-2
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
* Aluminum
* Calcium
* Cobalt
* Iron
* Magnesium
* Molybdenum
* Sodium
* Tin
*Non-BDAT List Constituent
Accuracy Correction Factor*
000
073
,148
245
147
,101
,168
,276
,035
,255
,277
1.111
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1,
1.
000
319
222
244
236
183
000
1.000
The accuracy correction factor is equal to 1.000 divided by the percent
recovery correction factor.
B-3
------- |