FINAL

   BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)

               BACKGROUND DOCUMENT

                        FOR

DISTILLATION BOTTOMS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE

                       K083
                   Richard Kinch
       Acting  Chief, Waste Treatment  Branch
                   Jose  Labiosa
                  Project Manager
        U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
               Office of Solid Waste
                 401  M Street,  S.W.
              Washington, D.C.  20460
                      May  1990

-------
                              TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                          Page

1.0   INTRODUCTION	    1-1

2.0   INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION  	    2-1
      2.1   Industry Affected and Process Description 	    2-1
            2.1.1 Vapor-Phase Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene 	    2-1
            2.1.2 Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene  	    2-2
            2.1.3 Iron Reduction of Nitrobenzene	    2-2
            2.1.4 Vapor-Phase Anunonolysis of Phenol	    2-2
      2.2   Waste Characterization  	    2-3

3.0   APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES  	    3-1
      3.1   Applicable Treatment Technologies 	    3-1
            3.1.1 Nonwastewaters	    3-1
            3.1.2 Wastewaters	    3-3
      3.2   Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 	    3-3
            3.2.1 Nonwastewaters	    3-3
            3.2.2 Wastewaters	    3-4

4.0   TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA	    4-1
      4.1   Nonwastewaters	    4-1
            4.1.1 Organic Constituents  	    4-1
            4.1.2 Metal Constituents  	    4-3
      4.2   Wastewaters	    4-4
            4.2.1 Organic Constituents  	    4-4
            4.2.2 Metal Constituents  	    4-5

5.0   IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)  .    5-1
      5.1   Review of Treatment Performance Data  	    5-2
      5.2   Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data  ...    5-2
      5.3   Best Demonstrated Technology for K083	    5-3
            5.3.1 Nonwastewaters	    5-3
            5.3.2 Wastewaters	    5-3
      5.4   Available Treatment Technologies  	    5-3

6.0   SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 	    6-1
      6.1   BOAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation  ....    6-2
            6.1.1 BOAT List Constituents Not Detected or Analyzed For in
                  the Untreated Waste	    6-2
            6.1.2 BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further
                  Consideration for Regulation For Other Reasons  ...    6-2
      6.2   BOAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation	    6-3

-------
                        TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

                                                                          Page

7.0   CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 	     7-1
      7.1   Calculation of Treatment Standards for K083 Nonwastewaters     7-3
            7.1.1 Organic Constituents  	     7-3
            7.1.2 Metal Constituent 	     7-4
      7.2   Calculation of Treatment Standards for the Metal Constituent
            Regulated in K083 Wastewaters	     7-5

8.0   ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  	     8-1

9.0   REFERENCES	     9-1

      APPENDIX A - Summary of Treatment Performance Data for
                   Organic Constituents in K083 Wastewaters 	     A-l

      APPENDIX B - Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance Data  .     B-l
                                      ii

-------
                              LIST OF TABLES

                                                                          Page

1-1   BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K083 - NONWASTEWATERS	1-5

1-2   BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K083 - WASTEWATERS	1-6

2-1   POTENTIAL GENERATORS OF K083	2-4

2-2   K083 CHARACTERIZATION DATA	2-5

4-1   WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED BY EPA	  4-7

4-2   WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019 AND OTHER
      WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION	4-8

4-3   TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019 AND OTHER
      WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION	4-11

4-4   DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND SECONDARY
      COMBUSTOR	'	4-12

4-5   TCLP ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE F024 ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
      ASH SAMPLES	 4-13

4-6   TEST CONDITIONS COMMON TO ALL BATCHES OF STABILIZED F024
      INCINERATION ASH	4-14

4-7   PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR TREATMENT OF K062 BY CHEMICAL
      PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY VACUUM FILTRATION	4-15

6-1   STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083	  6-5

6-2   BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
      K083 NONWASTEWATERS	6-12

6-3   BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
      K083 WASTEWATERS	6-13

7-1   CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS REGULATED
      IN K083 - NONWASTEWATERS	7-6

7-2   CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR THE METAL CONSTITUENT
      REGULATED IN K083 - WASTEWATERS	7-7
                                      lii

-------
                               LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                          Page

2-1   SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE BY
      VAPOR-PHASE HYDROGENATION OF NITROBENZENE	   2-6

2-2   SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE BY
      LIQUID-PHASE HYDROGENATION OF NITROBENZENE 	   2-7

2-3   SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE BY THE
      IRON REDUCTION OF NITROBENZENE (THE BECHAMP PROCESS) 	   2-8

2-4   SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE BY
      VAPOR-PHASE AMMONOLYSIS OF PHENOL	   2-9
                                      iv

-------
1.0       INTRODUCTION

          The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) is
establishing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment standards
for the listed hazardous waste identified in Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as K083,  distillation bottoms from
the production of aniline.  These BOAT treatment standards are being
established in accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984.  BOAT treatment standards will be effective
no later than May 8, 1990, and on or after the effective date, compliance with
these BOAT treatment standards will be a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268
for placement of the waste in land disposal units.

          This background document provides the Agency's rationale and techni-
cal support for selecting constituents for regulation in K083 and for
developing treatment standards for these constituents.  The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a basis for determining
whether a variance from a treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K083 that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were ana-
lyzed in developing treatment standards for K083.

          The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology
for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).

          Under 40 CFR 261.32, wastes identified as K083 are listed as
distillation bottoms from aniline production.  The four-digit Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) code associated with the production of
nitrobenzene is 2865 (Industrial Organic Chemicals:  cyclic crudes, cyclic
intermediates, dyes, and organic pigments).  The Agency estimates that there
are six domestic facilities that may generate K083.
                                      1-1

-------
          The Agency is revising the "No Land Disposal Based on No Generation"
treatment standard that was published for nonwastewater forms of K083 on
August 17, 1988 and is establishing treatment standards for wastewater forms
of K083, which have been subject to the "soft hammer" provisions of Section
3004(g)(6) of RCRA.  The "No Land Disposal" standard for K083 nonwastewaters
(containing <0.01% by weight ash) was based on the premise that current waste
treatment processes do not generate K083 residuals requiring land disposal.
The Agency believes that this standard should be revised for several reasons:
(1) a facility intending to manufacture aniline in the future using a process
that generates distillation bottoms would be forced to apply for a variance
from the "No Land Disposal" treatment standard (40 CFR 268.44); (2) a facility
disposing of K083 from past aniline manufacturing operations as part of a
corrective action would also be forced to apply for a variance from the
treatment standard; and (3) a facility changing its treatment process from one
that does not generate treatment residuals to one that may generate residuals
would be forced to apply for a variance from the treatment standard.

          The Agency is regulating six organic constituents and one metal
constituent in nonwastewater forms of K083, and seven organic constituents and
one metal constituent in wastewater forms of K083.  To determine the
applicability of the treatment standards, wastewaters are defined as wastes
containing less than 1% (weight basis) total suspended solids1  (TSS)  and  less
than 1% (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC).  Wastes not meeting this
definition are classified as nonwastewaters and must comply with nonwastewater
treatment standards.

          The Agency does not have any performance data for treatment of K083.
Treatment performance tests for this waste have not been pursued because the
     'The  term "total suspended solids"  (TSS)  clarifies  EPA's previously used
terminology of  "total solids" and  "filterable solids."   Specifically,  total
suspended solids  is  measured by Method 209C  (total  suspended solids dried at
103-105°C)  in Standard  Methods for the  Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Sixteenth Edition (Reference 2).
                                      1-2

-------
Agency believes that adequate treatment performance data are available from
similar wastes previously tested by the BOAT Land Disposal Restrictions
Program.  Therefore, treatment performance data were transferred to K083 from
other previously tested wastes.

          For organic constituents in nonwastewater forms of K083, BOAT
treatment standards are based on treatment performance data transferred from
incineration of RCRA Blend waste that was co-treated with K019 (Reference 3).
For metal constituents in nonwastewater forms of K083, BOAT treatment
standards are based on treatment performance data transferred from
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash.

          For wastewater forms of K083, BDAT treatment standards are based on
wastewater treatment performance data transferred from wastes judged to be
similar.  The Agency prefers, whenever possible, to use wastewater treatment
data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment units rather
than to base wastewater treatment standards on constituent concentrations in
incinerator scrubber water.  EPA has compiled a database of wastewater
treatment data for use in establishing treatment standards for wastewater
forms of U and P wastes and multi-source leachate.  These data, compiled from
a variety of sources, were transferred on a constituent-by-constituent basis
to K083 organic constituents.  For K083 metals, EPA transferred treatment
performance data from chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of
K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes.

          Tables 1-1 and 1-2 at the end of this section list the BDAT treat-
ment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K083, respectively.
These treatment standards are based on the total concentration of each
constituent in the waste for organic constituents, and on the TCLP analysis
for metal constituents in nonwastewaters.  The units used for total
constituent concentration of organic constituents are mg/kg (parts per million
on a weight-by-weight basis) for K083 nonwastewaters, and mg/1 (parts per
million on a weight-by-volume basis) for K083 wastewaters.  The units used for
                                      1-3

-------
TCLP analysis of nonwastewaters are mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-
by-volume basis).  If the concentrations of the constituents regulated in K083
nonwastewaters and wastewaters, as generated,  are lower than or are equal to
the treatment standards, then treatment of the waste would not be required
prior to "land disposal," as defined by 40 CFR Part 268.

          This background document presents waste-specific information on the
number and locations of facilities that may be affected by the land disposal
restrictions for K083, the processes generating this waste, the waste charac-
terization data, the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes,
if any),  and the treatment performance data on which the treatment standards
are based (Sections 2.0 - 4.0).  This document also explains how EPA
determines BOAT, selects constituents to be regulated, and calculates treat-
ment standards (Sections 5.0 - 7.0).
                                      1-4

-------
                                  Table  1-1

                      BOAT TREATMENT  STANDARDS FOR K083

                                NONWASTEWATERS
                      Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
                                                           Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent                                      	(ing/kg)	

       4.   Benzene                                                 6.6

      56.   Aniline                                                14

106./219.   Diphenylamine/Diphenylnitrosamine                      14*

     126.   Nitrobenzene         .            .                      14

     142.   Phenol                                                  5.6
                                                             TCLP Leachate
BOAT List Constituent                                     Concentration (mg/1)

     163.  Nickel                                                  0.088
This value represents the sum of the diphenylamine and diphenylnitrosamine
 concentrations.
                                      1-5

-------
                                  Table 1-2

                      BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K083

                                 WASTEWATERS
                      Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
                                                           Total Concentration
  BOAT List Constituent                                    	(mg/1)	

 56.   Aniline        '                                             0.81

142.   Phenol                                                      0.039

232.   Cyc1ohexanone                                               0.36

163.   Nickel                                         .             0.47
                   Maximum for Any 24-Hour Composite Sample
                                                           Total Concentration
  BOAT List Constituent                                    	(mg/1)	

  4.  Benzene                                                     0.14

106.  Diphenylamine                                               0.52

219.  Diphenylnitrosamine                                         0.40

126.  Nitrobenzene                                                0.068
                                      1-6

-------
2.0       INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

          This section describes the industries that may be affected by the
land disposal restrictions for K083, the processes generating the waste, and
the available waste characterization data.  All tables and figures are
presented at the end of this section.

2.1       Industry Affected and Process Description

          Under 40 CFR Part 261.32, K083 is defined as distillation bottoms
from the production of aniline.  The Agency estimates that there are approxi-
mately six potential generators of K083, which are identified by location and
EPA region in Table 2-1.

          There are several commercial processes used for the production of
aniline, including vapor- or liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, iron
reduction of nitrobenzene, and vapor-phase ammonolysis of phenol.  Vapor-phase
hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is the most widely used method in the United
States.

2.1.1     Vapor-Phase Hvdrogenation of Nitrobenzene

          As illustrated in Figure 2-1, nitrobenzene is vaporized in a stream
of hydrogen and fed to the reactor, where it is reduced to aniline in the
presence of a catalyst (copper, nickel, vanadium, or cobalt).  The reaction
products are condensed, and the unreacted hydrogen is recycled.  The condensed
product stream is sent to a separator.  The upper layer is pumped to an
aniline extractor.  The lower layer is purified in a two-step distillation
process into the aniline product.  The heavy ends or distillation bottoms from
the refined aniline column constitute the listed waste K083.
                                      2-1

-------
2.1.2     Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene

          The liquid-phase process, as shown in Figure 2-2, uses a catalyst
suspended in liquid nitrobenzene and liquid hydrogen to produce aniline.
Aniline is then purified by distillation.  Bottoms from distillation comprise
the listed waste K083.

2.1.3     Iron Reduction of Nitrobenzene

          The Bechamp process, as illustrated in Figure 2-3, reduces nitro-
benzene in the presence of iron fillings with ferrous chloride solution to
produce aniline.  The product stream is neutralized with lime and is sent to a
separator.  The organic phase containing aniline is withdrawn while the
remaining separator solution is sent to residual aniline recovery and iron
oxide production.  The organic phase is sent to a stripper, where water is
removed.  A final distillation produces aniline.  The distillation bottoms
constitute the listed waste K083.

2.1.4     Vapor-Phase Ammonolvsis of Phenol

          Vapor-phase ammonolysis of phenol to produce aniline is illustrated
in Figure 2-4.  Phenol and ammonia are vaporized and combined in a reactor
with a silica-alumina catalyst.  The reaction products are passed through a
distillation column, where ammonia is recovered and recycled and water is
removed.  The organic stream from the distillation column is sent to a drying
column where additional water is removed.  Product aniline and phenol (to
recycle) are removed from a final finishing column.  Distillation bottoms from
the finishing column comprise the listed waste K083.
                                      2-2

-------
2.2       Waste Characterization


          Available data sources (References 4,  5,  6,  7) indicate the follow-

ing general composition for K083:


          Constituent        Concentration (%)

          Aniline                   35
          Other organics            46
          Inorganics                 1
          Solids                    15
          Oils                       2
          Water
              Total:               100%


Specific waste characterization data are presented in Table 2-2.  These data

represent K083 generated by three different processes:


          •    The Bechamp process (K083-1);
          •    Liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (K083-2);  and
          •    Vapor-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (K083-3 and K083-4).
                                      2-3

-------
   Facility

Aristech Chemical Corp.

E.I. duPont de Nemours

First Chemical Corp.

Mallinckrodt, Inc.

Mobay Chemicals

Rubicon, Inc.
         Table  2-1

POTENTIAL GENERATORS OF K083


           Location

     Haverhill,  OH

     Beaumont,  TX

     Pascagoula, MS

     Raleigh, NC

     New Martinsville,  WV

     Geismar, LA
EPA Region

      V

     VI

     IV

     IV

     III

     VI
Source:  Directory of Chemical Producers. United States of America.
         (Reference 8).
                                      2-4

-------
                                        Table  2-2

                                K083 CHARACTERIZATION DATA
Concentration in Untreated Waste (t>Dm)
BOAT List Constituent
56.
4.
232.
106.
126.
142.
160.
161.
163.
171.
Other






















Aniline
Benzene
Cyclohexanone
Diphenylaraine
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Sulfide
Parameters
Condensation by-products
Non-volatiles (%)
Oils (%)
Other Heavy Organics (%)
Ash (%)
Carbon .(%)
Total Organic Carbon (%)
Hydrolyzed Chlorides (%)
Total Chlorides (%)
Total Organic Halides (%)
Hydrogen (%)
Nitrogen (%)
Oxygen (%)
Suspended Solids (%)
Water (%)
Unknown ( % )
Acidity (as HC1, %)
Basicity (as NaOH, %)
Flash Point (F)
Heat Value (Btu/lb)
Specific Gravity @ 25 C
Viscosity (cps @ 25 C)
K083-1
301,000-550,000
NA
NA
NA
1,000-1,900
NA
NA
1.9-3.0
345
NA

(%) NA
32.24-66.04
0.0-5.0
NA
7.0-24.0
NA
NA
2.03
1.0-7.0
NA
NA
4.52
NA
14.0-22.9
0.5-2.0
2.11 .
5.14
0.101-0.73
158
13,000-16,000
1.06-1.33
400-14,000
K083-2
40,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.5
NA
NA
21,000

40.0-65.0
NA
NA
NA
<0.01
71.6
72.3
<0.001
0.3
0.185
. 6.2
11.5
11.5
NA
<0.01
NA
NA
NA
NA
13,000
NA
NA
K083-3
200,000-400,000
58,000
NA
1,700
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
NA
20-40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
K083-4
387,000
2,000
2,000
NA
10,000
35,000
NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA -  Not available.
Note:  K083-1 represents K083 generated by the Bechamp process.
       K083-2 represents K083 generated by liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.
       K083-3 and K083-4 represent K083 generated by vapor-phase hydrogenation of
       nitrobenzene.
                                            2-5

-------
                         Recycle Hydrogen
     Nitro-
     benzene
  Water
   to
 Aniline
Extractor
ro
I
      (vaporized)

     Hydrogen
   To
Scrubber
                    Crude
                   Aniline
                   Column
                          Aniline
                                                                                   K083
                    Figure  2-1.   Simplified Flow  Diagram  for the  Production of
                        Aniline  by Vapor-Phase  Hydrogenation of  Nitrobenzene

-------
Liquid Hydrogen
Catalyst
	 ^-
Liquid Nitrobenzene


Reactor

Crude Aniline
and
Spent Catalyst
	 ^
Distil-
lation
Column
                                                     Aniline
                                           K083
 Figure  2-2.   Simplified Flow Diagram for the Production
of Aniline by Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation  of  Nitrobenzene

-------
CO

Nitrobenzene



Ferrous
Chloride
Solution






Reactor

Hith
Agitator








^h_ 1 ^K.
*• Neutralization ""*• Separator
i


Qfn i nn i nn


Organic
Phase










water
Stripper














i


Distil-

latlon
Column


1
I
                                              and Iron
                                               Oxide
                                              Production
KOB3
                                                                                 Aniline
            Figure 2-3.   Simplified Flow  Diagram for  the  Production  of
                   Aniline by the  Iron  Reduction of Nitrobenzene
                                 (the Bechamp process)

-------
N>
I
VO
                               Recycle Ammonia
                                                    Hater
Vaporized
Phenol _
Vaporized
Ammonia
Silica-alumina
Catalyst
J
Reactor



Distil-
lation
Column


t
Drying
Column



Finishing
Column
                                                                             Aniline
            Phenol
              to
            Recycle
                                          Water
KOB3
                 Figure  2-4.  Simplified Flow Diagram for the  Production
                     of Aniline  by Vapor-Phase Ammonolysis of Phenol

-------
3.0       APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

          This section discusses the technologies that are applicable to
treatment of K083 nonwastewaters and wastewaters and determines which, if any,
of the applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose
of establishing BOAT.

          To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection.  (Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technol-
ogy Background Document (Reference 9).)  To be demonstrated, a technology must
be employed in full-scale operation for treatment of the waste in question or
a similar waste.  Technologies available only at pilot- or bench-scale opera-
tions are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.

3.1       Applicable Treatment Technologies

          The following subsections present applicable technologies for
treatment of nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K083.

3.1.1     Nonwastewaters

          Since nonwastewater forms of K083 consist primarily of organic
compounds (as shown in Section 2.0), applicable treatment technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in
the waste.  The Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as
potentially applicable for K083 nonwastewaters:  (1) incineration (fluidized-
bed and rotary kiln) followed by stabilization of incinerator ash; (2) solvent
extraction followed by incineration or recycle of the extract; and (3)
critical fluid extraction followed by recycle or incineration of the
contaminated solvents.  These treatment technologies were identified based on
current waste treatment practices and engineering judgment.
                                      3-1

-------
          Incineration.  Incineration is a destruction technology in which
energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to destabilize
chemical bonds and destroy organic constituents.   In a fluidized-bed incinera-
tor, waste is injected into the fluidized-bed material (generally sand and/or
incinerator ash), where it is heated to its ignition temperature.  Heat energy
from the combustion reactions is then transferred back to the fluidized bed.
Ash is removed periodically during operation and during bed change-outs.

          In a rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end
of the kiln, and the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to
heat the waste to its ignition temperature.  Ash is removed from the lower end
of the kiln.  Combustion gases from the kiln enter the afterburner for com-
plete destruction of organic waste constituents.   Other wastes may also be
injected into the afterburner.

          Combustion gases from the fluidized-bed or kiln afterburner are then
fed to a scrubber system for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and
acid gases, if present.  In general, two residuals are generated by incinera-
tion processes:  ash and scrubber water.  Metals and other inorganic constitu-
ents in incinerator ash can be treated using stabilization.  Metals and other
inorganic constituents in scrubber water can be treated using chemical precip-
itation and vacuum filtration.

          Stabilization.  Stabilization refers to a broad class of treatment
processes that physically or chemically reduce the mobility of metal constitu-
ents in a waste by binding these constituents into a solid material that is
resistant to leaching.

          Solvent Extraction.  Solvent extraction is a separation technology
in which organics are removed from the waste due to greater constituent
solubility in the solvent phase than in the waste phase.  This technology
results in the generation of two treatment residuals:  a treated waste resid-
ual and an extract.  Metals and other inorganic constituents in the treated
                                      3-2

-------
waste residual can be treated by stabilization.  The extract may be recycled
or may be further treated by incineration.

          Critical Fluid Extraction.  Critical fluid extraction is a solvent
extraction technology in which the solvent is brought to its critical state to
aid in the extraction of organic constituents from the wastes.  After the
extraction step, the solvent (liquified gas at its critical state) is brought
to its normal condition in the gaseous state and generates a small volume of
extract that is concentrated in hazardous organic constituents.  This technol-
ogy results in the generation of two treatment residuals:  a treated waste and
an extract.  The extract may be recycled or may be further treated by
incineration.

3.1.2     Wastewaters

          Since wastewater forms of K083 may contain organic and metal
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable treatment technologies
include those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various constituents
in the waste.  Technologies that are applicable for treatment of the organic
and metal constituents in K083 are identified the Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 14).

3.2       Demonstrated Treatment Technologies

          The following subsections present demonstrated technologies for
treatment of nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K083.

3.2.1     Nonwastewaters

          The Agency is aware of four facilities that incinerate K083 non-
wastewaters and of two facilities that incinerate K083 nonwastewaters as fuel.
In addition, the Agency tested rotary kiln incineration for similar wastes, as
discussed in Section 4.0.
                                      3-3

-------
          EPA is not aware of any facilities that treat metal constituents in
nonwastewater forms of K083 by stabilization.  However, stabilization is
demonstrated for metal constituents in wastes judged to be similar, such as
F024, as discussed in Section 4.0.

3.2.2     Wastewaters

          Technologies that are demonstrated for treatment of the organic
constituents in K083 wastewaters are discussed in the Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 14).

          EPA is not aware of any facilities that treat metal constituents in
K083 wastewaters.   However, chemical precipitation followed by vacuum
filtration is demonstrated for metal constituents in similar wastes, such as
K062, as discussed in Section 4.0.  Additionally, all of the treatment
technologies that were identified as applicable for treatment of metal
constituents in K083 wastewaters in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039), Volume A (Reference 14) are considered to be demonstrated for
treatment of these constituents.

          The Agency is not aware of any other technologies that are demon-
strated for treatment of K083.
                                      3-4

-------
4.0       TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA

          This section presents the treatment performance data that were used
to develop treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K083.

          Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data from a demon-
strated technology used to treat a similar waste or wastes.  EPA's methodology
for the transfer of treatment performance data is provided in EPA's Methodol-
ogy for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).   Transfer of
treatment performance data is technically valid in cases where the untested
wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing steps, or
have waste characteristics affecting treatment selection and performance that
are similar to those of the tested wastes.

4.1       Nonwastewaters

          The Agency does not have any treatment performance data for treat-
ment of K083 nonwastewaters.   However, treatment performance data were
available from other wastes previously tested by EPA and were transferred to
develop treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of K083.  Sources of
treatment performance data for potential transfer to K083 include wastes
previously tested by incineration (including rotary kiln and fluidized-bed)
followed by stabilization of incinerator ash.  These technologies were
identified as applicable and demonstrated for treatment of these wastes,  as
discussed in Section 3.0.

4.1.1     Organic Constituents

          Previous incineration tests conducted by the Agency are listed in
Table 4-1 at the end of this section.  EPA examined the wastes incinerated in
these tests to identify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of
treatment performance data to K083 nonwastewaters.  Specifically, EPA examined
(1) whether the untested K083 is generated from a similar industry or
                                      4-1

-------
processing step, and (2) whether the waste has similar waste characteristics
affecting treatment performance as do the previously tested wastes.

          Wastes included in Tests 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are generated
by the organic chemicals industry.  Like K083, wastes incinerated in Tests 3,
4, 5, 11, and 14 were generated by distillation or some other type of separa-
tion process.

          Of the wastes generated by a process similar to that generating
K083, those incinerated in Tests 3, 4, and 14 contain nitrogenated compounds,
and are therefore most structurally similar to K083.  The wastes incinerated
in these tests are also similar to K083 in that they are all organic wastes.
The waste incinerated in Test 3 has a high concentration of water, while the
water content of K083 and the wastes incinerated in Tests 4 and 14 is quite
low.  The constituents in the RCRA Blend waste incinerated in Test 4 are more
similar to K083 than those in Tests 3 and 14 with respect to structure and
physical properties that affect the treatment performance of incineration,
such as boiling points.  In addition, the RCRA Blend waste incinerated in Test
4 is expected to have a similar thermal conductivity to K083.  Therefore, the
Agency believes that treatment performance similar to that achieved for RCRA
Blend waste could be achieved for K083.

          Based on the similarities discussed above, treatment standards for
organic constituents being regulated in K083 nonwastewaters were developed
based on treatment performance data transferred from rotary kiln incineration
of the RCRA Blend waste that was co-incinerated with K019 in Test 4.

          K019 and three other wastes, referred to as "RCRA Blend," "PCS
Blend," and "Mercaptan-contaminated waste," were treated in Test 4.  K019,
RCRA Blend waste, FCB Blend waste, and Mercaptan-contaminated waste comprised
approximately 20%, 23%, 41%, and 16%, respectively, of the waste treated.
K019 and RCRA Blend were fed to the rotary kiln; PCS Blend and Mercaptan-
contaminated waste were fed to the afterburner (secondary combustor).
Accordingly, the ash generated from rotary kiln incineration resulted from
                                      4-2

-------
treatment of the K019 and RCRA Blend wastes only.   The ash data from the
incineration of K019 and RCRA Blend wastes were transferred to K083
nonwastewaters.  Tables 4-2 and 4-3 present the BOAT List constituents
detected in the untreated wastes and in the kiln ash residual for six sample
sets collected by EPA from the rotary kiln incineration treatment system.
Design and operating data are presented in Table 4-4 for each sample set.  All
tables are presented at the end of this section.

4.1.2     Metal Constituents

          The Agency examined all of the available nonwastewater treatment
performance data for metal constituents.  Treatment of F024 incinerator ash by
stabilization was the sole source of data for the constituent of concern,
nickel; these treatment performance data were also the only data from
stabilization of incinerator ash.  EPA examined the F024 ash stabilization
data to evaluate whether transferring these treatment performance data to K083
nonwastewater metals was appropriate.  Specifically, EPA examined whether the
untested K083 is (1) generated from a similar industry or processing step, and
(2) whether the waste has similar waste characteristics affecting treatment
performance as does the previously tested waste.

          Both K083 and F024 are generated by the organic chemicals industry.
They are also both generated by a separation process.

          After determining that the wastes are generated by similar indus-
tries and processes, EPA examined the relative treatability of metal constitu-
ents in K083 nonwastewater and in F024 nonwastewater.  As discussed in the
Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 9), waste characteristics
that affect the performance of stabilization are the concentrations of the
following parameters in the untreated waste:  fine particulates, oil and
grease, organic compounds, sulfate, and chloride compounds.

          K083 and F024 are expected to have similar concentrations of these
parameters.  F024 is also expected to have a similar or higher concentration
                                      4-3

-------
of the constituent of concern, nickel; than K083.   Because of these
similarities, the wastes are believed to be similar and are expected to be
treated to similar concentrations by stabilization of incinerator ash.

          Based on these analyses,  transfer of treatment performance data from
stabilization of F024 nonwastewater metals to K083 nonwastewater metals is
valid.  Treatment performance data for stabilization of F024 incinerator ash
are included in Table 4-5, and associated design and operating data are
included in Table 4-6.

4.2       Wastewaters

          The Agency does not have any treatment performance data for
treatment of K083 wastewaters.  However, treatment performance data were
available from other wastes previously tested by EPA and were transferred to
develop treatment standards for wastewater forms of K083.

4.2.1     Organic Constituents

          The treatment performance data that were used to develop treatment
standards for organic constituents in K083 wastewaters are summarized in
Appendix A of this document, and are discussed in greater detail in EPA's
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for U
and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 14).
These treatment performance data were used to develop treatment standards for
organic constituents in K083 wastewaters.  If the Agency has appropriate
wastewater treatment performance data from well-designed and well-operated
wastewater treatment units, it prefers to use these data, rather than
constituent concentrations in scrubber water, to develop treatment standards.
Constituent concentrations in scrubber water represent the only other source
of data available for transfer to K083 wastewaters.  The Agency believes that
the wastewater performance data summarized in Appendix A represent the best
source of treatment performance data available for transfer to wastewater
forms of K083.  On a constituent-by-constituent basis, the tested wastes
                                      4-4

-------
represented in these treatment performance data have similar waste
characteristics affecting treatment performance and selection as the untested
K083 wastewaters.

4.2.2     Metal Constituents

          The Agency examined all of the available wastevater treatment
performance data.  Performance data for treatment of metal constituents in
various industrial wastewaters were developed by EPA's Office of Water.
Additionally, EPA's database for chemical precipitation followed by filtration
of wastewaters is included in the California List Notice of Data Availability
(52 Federal Register 29992)(Reference 15).  EPA screened the available data to
determine whether any wastes are generated from similar industries or similar
processing steps, or have similar waste characteristics affecting treatment
performance as those expected for wastewater forms of K083.  The metal
constituent of concern in K083 is nickel, as shown by the waste
characterization data included in Table 2-2.  Waste characterization data for
the metal-bearing wastes tested by the Agency's Office of Water were
insufficient to compare these wastes to K083 in terms of waste generation and
waste characterization.  However, based on waste characterization data, K062
mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes and K083 wastewater
are expected to contain nickel at similar concentrations.

          EPA then examined the relative treatability of K083 wastewater and
the mixture of K062 and metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes.  As
discussed in the Treatment Technology Background Document  (Reference 9),  waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance for chemical precipitation
include the concentrations and types of metals in the waste, the
concentrations of dissolved solids in the waste, the oil and grease content of
the waste, and whether the metals exist in the wastewater as a complex.  EPA
considers K062 wastewaters to be more difficult to treat than K083 wastewaters
because equal or higher concentrations of metals and dissolved solids are
anticipated in K062 than in wastewater forms of K083.  These higher concen-
trations of metals and dissolved solids would interfere with the effectiveness
                                      4-5

-------
of the precipitation reactions intended to remove the metals of concern.
Since K083 wastewaters are frequently scrubber waters generated from
incineration, oil and grease would not be expected to be present at
significant concentrations.  However, the K062 mixture contains oil and grease
and may therefore be more difficult to treat than K083 scrubber water.
Complex metals are not considered to be significant parameters in either
waste.  In consideration of these points, the mixture of K062 and metal-
bearing characteristic hazardous wastes is considered to be more difficult to
treat than wastewater forms of K083.

          Based on these analyses, transfer of treatment performance data from
chemical precipitation and vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing
characteristic hazardous wastes to K083 wastewaters was judged to be valid.
Treatment performance data for chemical precipitation followed by vacuum
filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic hazardous wastes
are included in Table 4-7.
                                     4-6

-------
                                   Table 4-1

               WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED BY EPA
Test Number         Waste CodeCs)

      1        K001 - Pentachlorophenol

      2        K001 - Creosote

      3        K011, K013. K014

      4        K019

      5        K024

      6        K037

      7        K048, K051

      8        K087

      9        K101

     10        K102

     11        F024

     12        K015

     13        D014, D016, P059",  U127',
               and U192'

     14        U141*.  U028*, P020',
               U112V  U226", U239",
               U080',  U220*. U166',
               U161",  and U188"
Treatment Technology Used

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Fluidized-bed incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Liquid injection incineration

Rotary kiln incineration


Rotary kiln incineration
'Commercial chemical products were used in these test burns as surrogates  for
 these wastes.
                                      4-7

-------
                                                      Table 4-2

                                WASTE  CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
                                 AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
                                                           Wastes Fed
                                                      to the Rotary Kiln"
CD
      BOAT List Constituent

          VOLATILES

      4.   Benzene
      7.   Carbon tetrachloride
      9.   Chlorobenzene
     14.   Chloroform
     22.   1,1-Dichloroethane
     23.   1,2-Dichloroethane
     34.   Methyl ethyl ketone
     38.   Methylene chloride
     42.   Tetrachloroethene
     43.   Toluene
     45.   1,1,1-Trichloroethane
     47.   Trichloroethene
215-217.   Xylene (total)
    222.   Acetone
    226.   Ethyl benzene
    229.   Methyl isobutyl ketone
                                                  K019
                                                  (ppm)
   <2,000
 3.500-4,100
 <2.000-3,000
  4.600-6,000
 <2,000-2,200
87,000-130.000
   <10,000
   <10,000
 6,000-7,800
   <2,000
33,000-81,000
 2.200-3,210
   <2,000
   <10,000
   <2,000
   <10,000
                    RCRA Blend
                        (ppm)
,000
  <8
  <8
  <8
  <8
  <8
 940
 910
 490
,300
 130
 360
,400
,200
,200
                     Wastes Fed
             to  the  Secondary Combustor
                            Mercaptan-
             PCB Blend     Contaminated
               (ppm)         Waste (ppm)
                                                                    1.100
  2,000
 <2,000
 <2,000
 <2,000
 <2,000
 <2.000
<10,000
<10,000
 <2,000
 41,000
 <2,000
  3,600
 36,000
<10,000
 16,000
<10,000
17.0
 1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
 3.5
<2.0
<0.4
 3.7
 2.3
<0.4
 4.4
<2.0
 4.1
<2.0
        "Six  sample  sets of K019 were  collected;  results are presented as ranges, where  appropriate.
         One  sample  of RCRA Blend,  PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes was collected.

         Note:  This  table shows the concentrations  in  the untreated waste for all constituents  that were
               detected in the untreated waste.
         Source:   BOAT  Background Document  for K016, K018, K019. K020, K030   (Reference  3).

-------
                                                Table 4-2  (Continued)

                                WASTE CHARACTERIZATION  DATA COLLECTED  BY  EPA FOR K019
                                 AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
                                                         Wastes  Fed
                                                     to  the  Rotary Kiln8
VO
  BOAT List Constituent

      SEMIVOLATILES

 51.  Acenaphthalene
 52 .  Acenaphthene
 56.  Aniline
 57 .  Anthracene
 65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 68.  Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
 70.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
 80 .  Chrysene
 81.  ortho-Cresol
 87.  o-Dichlorobenzene
 88.  p-Dichlorobenzene
 90.  2,4-Dichlorophenol
 91.  2,6-Dichlorophenol
 98.  Di-n-butyl phthalate
104.  Di-n-octyl phthalate
108 .  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
                                                K019
                                                (ppm)
  <10
  <10
  <25
  <10
  <10
280-340
  <10
  SNA
  <10
  <10
 74-90
  <25
  <25
  <10
  <10
  <10
 16-22
                 RCRA Blend
                     (ppm)
150
<20
<50
110
 67
<20
 40
 28
<20
250
 32
<50
<50
 31
<20
120
 53
                    Wastes Fed
            to the Secondary Combustor
                           Mercaptan-
            PCB Blend     Contaminated
              (ppm)        Waste (ppm)
  120
  480
 <250
  400
 <100
 <100
 <100
 <100
 <100
1,060
  460
 <250
  500
  120
  430
  300
  340
<0.002
<0.002
 1.220
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
 0.079
<0.002
 0.020
 2.550
 0.260
 0.420
 0.430
 0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
      "Six sample sets of K019 were collected; results are presented as ranges, where appropriate.
       One sample of RCRA Blend,  PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes was collected.

       Note:   This table shows the concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents that were
              detected in  the  untreated waste.
       Source:   BOAT Background Document for K016,  K018, K019, K020, K030  (Reference 3).

-------
                                          Table 4-2 (Continued)

                          WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
                           AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
I
I—1
o
  BOAT List Constituent

      SEMIVOLATILES

110.  Hexachlorobenzene
111.  Hexachlorobutadiene
113.  Hexachloroe thane
121.  Naphthalene
122.  1,4-Naphthoquinone
126.  Nitrobenzene
136.  Pentachlorobenzene
141.  Phenanthrene
142.  Phenol
145.  Pyrene
148.  1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150.  1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152.  2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

      METALS

155.  Arsenic
156.  Barium
                                                   Wastes Fed
                                              to the Rotary Kiln8
                                          K019
                                          (ppm)
                                          60-87
                                           <50
                                          85-120
                                         314-470
                                           <25
                                          51-65
                                          11-21
                                          62-86
                                          65-100
                                           <50
                                        <0.2-1.2
                                        <0.9-0.97
RCRA Blend
   (ppm)
   <100
    210
   <100
    <20
    <20
  3,400
   <100
    240
     78
    200
    <50
    <50
   <100
     94
      1.3
        Wastes Fed
to the Secondary Combustor
               Mercaptan-
PCB Blend     Contaminated
  (ppm)        Waste (ppm)
  <500
  <500
  <500
   400
  <100
 8,200
 1,000
   950
 1,000
   260
 1,400
19,000
  <500
     7.4
 0.002
 0.079
 0.018
 0.133
 0.078
 0.027
 0.020
<0.002
 4.56
<0.002
 0.008
 1.24
 0.037
<0.02
 1.67
"Six sample sets of K019 were collected;  results are presented as ranges,  where appropriate.
 One sample of RCRA Blend,  PCB Blend,  and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes was collected.

 Note:   This table shows the  concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents  that  were
       detected  in the untreated waste.
 Source:   BOAT Background Document  for K016,  K018,  K019,  K020,  K030  (Reference  3).

-------
                                          Table 4-2 (Continued)
                          WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
                           AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
      BOAT List Constituent

          METALS (Continued)

    158.  Cadmium
    159.  Chromium
    160.  Copper
    161.  Lead
    163.  Nickel
    168.  Zinc


          INORGANICS

    171.  Sulfide
                                                   Wastes Fed
                                              to the Rotary Kiln"
   K019
   (ppm)
<0.3-0.63
 1.8-5.3
<1.0-3.6
 2.1-3.5
 2.2-6.0
 A.4-9.4
   790
RCRA Blend
   (ppm)
     <0.3
     40
     23.7
    165
     27
      8.8
  4,170
    830
        Wastes Fed
to the Secondary Combustor
               Mercaptan-
PCB Blend     Contaminated
  (ppm)        Waste (ppm)
   <33
    23.7
   107
    <7.3
     6.2
 6,810
16,000
<0.003
<0.009
 0.027
 0.0064
 0.037
 0.071
17
"Six sample  sets of K019 were collected;  results are presented as ranges,  where appropriate.
 One sample  of RCRA Blend,  PCB Blend,  and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes was collected.

 Note:   This table  shows the  concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents  that  were
       detected  in  the  untreated waste.
 Source:   BOAT Background Document for K016,  K018,  K019,  K020,  K030  (Reference  3).

-------
                                                           Table 4-3

                                 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE  DATA COLLECTED BY  EPA  FOR  K019
                                 AND  OTHER WASTES  TREATED BY ROTARY  KILN  INCINERATION

                                                      KILN ASH RESIDUAL
                                                    Concentration In Kiln Ash - Total Concentration (mg/kg)
BDAT List Constituent

70.
72.

154.
155.
156.
158.
159.
160.
161.
163.
165.
167.
168.

170.
171.
SEMIVOLATILES
Bls(2-ethylhaxyl)phthalate
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
METALS
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Sliver
Vanadium
Zinc
INORGANICS
Fluoride
Sulflde
Detection
Limit

2
2

6.0
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.9
1.0
0.2
2.0
0.9
2.0
0.6

2
50
Sample Set
11

ND
ND

8.0
3.6
26
0.66
44
2,370
120
66
3.3
4.1
12

38
68
Sample Set
12

ND
ND

6.8
2.8
23
0.96
60
3,430
42
89
3.4
4.8
13

ND
5.1
Sample Set
»3

ND
ND

9.2
5.7
54
3.6
202
2,290
118
169
1.9
6.0
16

6.1
64
Sample Set

12
230

ND
5.7
8.4
ND
28
1,270
25
69
2.6
ND
11

3.2
ND
Sample Set
15

ND
ND

9.1
3.9
21
1.2
125
2,780
86
166
3.3
5.7
22

23
64
Sample Set
16

ND
ND

9.6
2.3
11
2.2
141
2,520
34
288
3.1
8.7
13

4.7
92
ND - The compound was not quantified at or above the detection limit.

Note:  This table shows the concentrations in the kiln ash for all constituents that were detected  in the nonwastewater residuals generated from
      treatment of the waste.

Source:  BDAT Background Document for K016, K018, K019, K020, K030 (Reference 3).

-------
                                                              Table 4-4

                       DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA  FOR  THE  ROTARY  KILN AND SECONDARY  COMBUSTOR













-IS
1—
u>

Design
Parameter (units) Value
Kiln Outlet Temperature (T) *
Kiln Solids Residence Time (mln) *
Klin Waste Feed Rate (MMBtu/hr) *
K019:
RCRA Blend, Burner *1:
RCRA Blend, Burner 12:
Total:
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPH) *
Afterburner Temperature (oP) *
Afterburner Residence Time (sec) *
Afterburner Waste Feed Rate (MMBtu/hr) *
PCB Blend:
Hercaptan-Contamlneted Waste:
Total:

Stack Oxygen Concentration (X) NA
Sample Set
fl
1,825-1,900
120

13.1
3.9-5.5
4.4-9.7
21.4-28.3
0.19-0.21
2380
2

36.1
0.18
36.28

6.8
Sample Set
#2
1,800-1,880
120

12.2
5.2-5.5
4.4-9.7
21.8-27.4
0.19-0.21
2400
2

36.5
0.18
36.68

7.0
Sample Set
13
1,775-1,900
120

12.4
5.2-5.8
4.4-8.4
22.0-26.6
0.19-0.21
2400
2

36.5
0.18
36.68

7.2
Sample Set
#4
1,775-1,900
120

12.7
5.2-5.8
4.4-7.3
22.3-25.8
0.19-0.21
2400
2

36.5
0.18
36.68

6.4
Sample Set
*5
1,775-1,800
120

11.7
5.2-6.0
5.2-9.7
22.1-27.4
0.19-0.21
2400
2

37.5
0.18
37.68

6.8
Sample Set
#6
1,775-1,850
120

11.5
5.2-5.8
5.2-9.7
21.9-27.0
0.19-0.21
2350
2

37.5
0.18
37.68

7.0
Stack Carbon Monoxide
  Concentration (ppm volume)
NA
             MR
                           HR
                                                                                  HR
NA -  Not applicable.
NR -  Not recorded.

•This Information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information and Is available In the confidential portion of the
 Admlnlnlstratlve Record for the First Third Rulemaklng of August 17,  1988.

Source:  BOAT Background Document for K016, K018, K019, K020, K030 (Reference 3).

-------
                                                               Table 4-5

                      TCLP  ANALYTICAL RESULTS  FOR THE F024  ROTARY KILN  INCINERATOR  ASH  SAMPLES

                                                             CEMENT BINDER
I
J>
BOAT List  Constituent

154.  Antimony
155.  Arsenic
156.  Barium
157.  Beryllium
158.  Cadmium
159.  Chromium (total)
221.  Chromium (VI)
160.  Copper
161,  Lead
162.  Mercury
163.  Nickel
164.  Selenium
165.  Silver
166.  Thallium
167.  Vanadium
168.  Zinc
      Aluminum
      Calcium
      Cobalt
      Iron
      Magnesium
      Manganese
      Molybdenum
      Sodium
      Tin
Detection
  Limit
 (ma/I)

 0.076
 0.002
 0.002
 0.001
 0.003
 0.007
 0.006
 0.18
 0.057
 0.0003
 0.025
 0.002
 0.00*
 0.004
 0.007
 0.003
 0.023
 0.001
 0.01
 0.012
 0.001
 0.001
 0.037
 0.021
 0.105
Binder -to -Ash Ratio: 0.55
Water-to-Ash Ratio: 0.2
Concentration In Concentration In the
the TCLP Extract of the TCLP Extract of the Treated
Untreated Waste (mg/1) Waste (28-Day Cure) (mg/1)
Sample Set Sample Set
_J
ND
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
63
0
4
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
15
588
0
13
146
1
ND
45
1.
L_
.013
.99
.002
.021
.4
.34
.54
.3
.0006
.39




.06
.8

.06
.1

.98


.04
4
ND
0
1.
0,
0
0.
0,
6.
33.
ND
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
16
584
0
12
140
2.
0.
44.
0
L_
.015
.72
.002
.021
.41
.075
.71
.3

.96




.07
.9

.053
.8

.19
041
.8
.43
1
_^
ND
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
14.
ND
3.
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.
16.
588
0.
13.
145
2.
ND
45.
0.
!_
.014
.67
002
.021
42
.049
59
.9

93




06
4

.049
2

21

1
32
_J
ND
0
1
ND
ND
0
0.
ND
0.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
0.
2,003
ND
0.
0.
ND
0.
37
ND
L_
.004
.84


.031
.19

.011






.041
.45


.022
095

.062
.4

— t
ND
0.
0.
ND
ND
0.
0
ND
0.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
0.
1,870
0
0
0.
ND
0.
37
ND
L_
.002
.88


.01
.15

.006






.05
.28

.012
.037
.30

.056
.2

_^
ND
0
1
ND
ND
0
0
ND
0.
ND
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
0
0
1,880
ND
0
1
0.
0.
37
ND
L_
.002
.02


.013
.14

.007






.173
.26


.17
.28
.001
.078
.4

Detection
  Limit
  (OM/U

   0.11
   0.002
   0.002
   0.002
   0.004
   0.003
   0.045
   0.013
   0.001
   0.0003
   0.042
   0.002
   0.006
   0.004
   0.008
   0.023
   0.021
   0.003
   0.023
   0.023
   0.002
   0.002
   0.088
   0.028
   0.103
Concentration  In
the TCLP Extract
 of the Treated
 Waste (24-Hour
  Cure) (mg/1)

      ND
       0.002
       3.19
      ND
      ND
       0.031
       0.045
       0.014
       0.24
      ND
      ND
       0.003
      ND
      ND
      ND
       0.11
       0.41
   2,340
      ND
       0.074
       0.046
      ND
      ND
      35.2
      ND
ND - Not  detected.
 * - Non-BDAT List Constituent.
Source:   Onslte Engineering Report of Stabilization of P024 Rotary Kiln  Incinerator Ash at  Waterways Experiment Station  (Reference 10).

-------
                                  Table 4-6

  TEST CONDITIONS COMMON TO ALL BATCHES OF STABILIZED F024 INCINERATION ASH


    Parameter                                Specification

Mixing Vessel                    Hobart K455S Mixer With Teflon Beaters

                                 4-Liter Stainless Steel Bowl



Mixing Conditions                Mixing Procedure Used for All Batches:

                                   Mix 5 minutes
                                   Stir with stainless steel spatula
Cure Conditions                  Hot Pack Model 41750 Large Capacity
                                 Humidity Chamber with set point
                                 conditions of:

                                   Temperature:  23°C
                                   Humidity:  95-98%
Source:  Onsite Engineering Report of Stabilization of F024 Rotary Kiln
         Incinerator Ash at Waterways Experiment Station (Reference 10).
                                     4-15

-------
                                                                      Table  4-7

                                       PERFORMANCE  DATA COLLECTED  BY  EPA  FOR  TREATMENT  OF K062  BY
                                            CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED  BY VACUUM  FILTRATION3
                                                     Sample Set #8
Sample Set #11
Sample Set #12
BOAT LIST METAL CONSTITUENT

154.  Antimony .
155.  Arsenic
156.  Barium
157.  Beryllium
158.  Cadmium
221.  Chromium (hexavalent)
159.  Chromium (total)
160.  Copper
161.  Lead
162.  Mercury
163.  Nickel
164.  Selenium
165.  Silver
166.  Thallium
168.  Zinc

Concentration in
Untreated K062
Mixture (pptn)
<10
<1
<10
<2
<5
0.13
831
217
212
<1
669
<10
<2
<10
154
Concentration
in Treated K062
Mixture Waste-
water (ppm)
<1
<0.1
<1
<0.2
<0.5
<0.01
0.15
0.16
<0.01
<0.1
0.36
<1
<0.2
<1
0.130

Concentration in
Untreated K062
Mixture (ppm)
<10
<1
<10
<2
<5
0.08
395
191
<10
<1
712
<10
<2
<10
5
Concentration
in Treated K062
Mixture Waste-
water (ppm)
<1
<0.1
<1
<0.2
<0.5
0.106
0.12
0.14
<0.01
<0.1
0.33
<1
<0.2
<1
0.070

Concentration in
Untreated K062
Mixture (ppm)
<10
<1
12
<2
23
0.30
617
137
136
<1
382
<10
<2
<10
135
Concentration
in Treated K062
Mixture Waste-
water (ppm)
<1.00
<0.10
<1.00
<0.20
<5
<0.01
0.18
0.24
<0.01
<0.10
0.39
<1.00
<0.20
<1.00
0.100
*0nly 3 of the 12 data sets analyzed at Plant B represented treatment by this treatment train.  Other data sets included pretreatment technologies such as chromium
reduction and treatment for cyanide.  These data are not  included here, since they were not considered for  transfer, as discussed in Section 3.2 of  this document.
Source:  Envirite Onsite Engineering Report  (Reference 16).

-------
5.0       IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)

          This section discusses technologies that are available for treatment
of organic and metal constituents in K083 nonwastewaters and metal
constituents in K083 wastewaters, and identifies BOAT for these constituents.
The technologies that are available for treatment of organic constituents in
K083 wastewaters, along with identification of BOAT for these constituents,
are discussed in EPA's Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039),
Volume A (Reference 14).

          To determine BOAT, the Agency examines all available treatment
performance data on technologies that are identified as demonstrated for the
waste of concern, or for a waste similar to the waste of concern, to evaluate
whether one or more of the technologies performs significantly better than the
others.  If data are available for only one technology for treating a waste,
then that technology is "best."  When data are available for more than one
treatment technology, the "best" performing treatment technology is usually
determined by statistical methods, as discussed in EPA's Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).  In the case of the
wastewater treatment performance data available to the Agency for organic
constituents (and described in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 14)), a data hierarchy was established  to
determine the "best" technology for each constituent.  This hierarchy is
described in the latter-referenced document.

          The treatment technology that is found to perform best on a
particular waste stream is then evaluated to determine whether it is
"available."  To be available, the technology must (1) be commercially
available, and (2) provide "substantial" treatment of the waste, as determined
through evaluation of treatment performance data that have been corrected for
accuracy.  In determining whether treatment is substantial, EPA may consider
data on a treatment technology's performance on a waste similar to. the waste
                                      5-1

-------
in question, provided that the similar waste is at least as difficult to
treat.  If it is determined that the best performing treatment technology is
not available, then the next best technology is evaluated to determine whether
it is "available."

5.1       Review of Treatment Performance Data

          The treatment performance data (presented in Section 4.0) were
reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent operation of a well-
designed and well-operated treatment system, whether sufficient quality
assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the
data, and whether the appropriate measures of performance were used to assess
the performance of the particular treatment technology.

          The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the tests of rotary kiln incineration and stabilization were
reviewed for the points described above.  For these tests, the appropriate
measures of performance (total constituent concentration for organic
constituents in nonwastewater and TCLP leachate concentration for metal
constituents in nonwastewater) were used to assess the treatment systems.
Additionally, the Agency had no reason to believe that these treatment systems
were not well-designed and well-operated, or that insufficient analytical
quality assurance/quality control measures were employed in generating treat-
ment performance data.

5.2       Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data

          In cases where the Agency has treatment performance data from more
than one technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as the analysis of
variance (ANOVA) test (discussed in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 1)), to determine if one technology performs
significantly better than the rest.  For K083, the Agency has treatment
performance data for only one treatment system; therefore, an ANOVA comparison
is not appropriate.
                                      5-2

-------
5.3       Best Demonstrated Technology for K083

5.3.1     Nonwastewaters

          As discussed in Section 3.0, incineration and stabilization have
been determined to be demonstrated technologies for treatment of nonwastevater
forms of K083.  Because the Agency does not have treatment performance data
for any other technologies for treating K083 or similar wastes, these
treatment technologies are considered to be the best.   Therefore, the best
demonstrated technology has been determined to be incineration for organic
constituents and incineration followed by stabilization for metal constituents
in K083 nonwastewaters.

5.3.2     Wastewaters

          BOAT for organic constituents regulated in K083 wastewaters is
discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039),
Volume A (Reference 14).

          As discussed in Section 3.0, chemical precipitation followed by
vacuum filtration has been determined to be a demonstrated technology for
treatment of metal constituents in wastewater forms of K083.   Because the
Agency does not have treatment performance data for any other technologies for
treating K083 or similar wastes, this technology is considered to be the best.
Therefore, the best demonstrated technology has been determined to be chemical
precipitation followed by vacuum filtration for metal constituents in K083
wastewaters.

5.4       Available Treatment Technologies

          The best technologies for treatment of K083 nonwastewaters,
incineration for organic constituents and stabilization for metal
                                      5-3

-------
constituents, are considered to be commercially available.  Furthermore, the
Agency has determined that these technologies provide substantial treatment of
K019 and F024, and therefore will provide substantial treatment of organic and
metal constituents in K083.  Consequently, these technologies are considered
BOAT for treatment of K083 nonwastewaters.

          Technologies that are considered available and therefore BOAT for
treatment of organic constituents in K083 wastewaters, are discussed in EFA's
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U
and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039),  Volume A (Reference 14).

          The best technology for treatment of metal constituents in K083
wastewaters, chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration, is
considered to be commercially available.   Furthermore, the Agency has
determined that this technology provides substantial treatment of K062, and
therefore will provide substantial treatment of metal constituents in K083.
Consequently, this technology is considered BOAT for treatment of metal
constituents in K083 wastewaters.
                                      5-4

-------
6.0       SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS

          The Agency has developed a list of hazardous constituents (the BOAT
Constituent List, presented in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment
Standards (Reference 1)) from which constituents are selected for regulation.
EPA may revise this list as additional data and information become available.
The list is divided into the following categories:  volatile organics, semi-
volatile organics, metals, inorganics other than metals, organochlorine pesti-
cides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins and furans.   This section
presents EPA's rationale for the selection of constituents being regulated in
wastewater and nonwastewater forms of K083.

          Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:

          (1)  The constituent must be on the BOAT List of regulated constitu-
               ents .  Presence on the BOAT List means that EPA-approved
               methods exist for analysis of the constituent in treated waste
               matrices.
          (2)  The constituent must be present in. or be suspected of being
               present in. the untreated waste.  For example, in some cases,
               analytical difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a con-
               stituent from being identified in the untreated waste, but its
               identification in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to
               conclude that it is present in the untreated waste.

          From a group of constituents that are eligible for regulation,
because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents
that represent the broader group.  For example, from a group of constituents
that react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation those
constituents that (1) are the most difficult to treat, based on waste charac-
teristics affecting treatment performance; (2) are representative of other
constituents in the waste, based on structural similarities; or (3) are
present in the untreated waste in the highest concentrations.  Selecting a
subset of constituents for regulation is done to facilitate implementation of
the compliance and enforcement program.
                                      6-1

-------
          The Agency initially considered all constituents on the BOAT List
for regulation.  Available K083 characterization data for all BOAT List
constituents are summarized in Table 6-1.  (All tables are presented at the
end of Section 6.0.)  When data are available from more than one source, a
range of detected concentrations is shown in the table for all constituents
quantified in the untreated K083.  Constituents for which analytical results
were not reported in available literature are identified by the notation "NA"
(not available).

6.1       BOAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation

          The Agency may not regulate all of the BOAT List constituents
initially considered for regulation.  As discussed further below, a BOAT List
constituent is deleted from further consideration for regulation if (1) the
constituent was not detected in the untreated waste, (2) the constituent was
not analyzed for in the untreated waste, or (3) other reasons, as discussed
below.  BOAT List constituents that remained following the deletions described
in this subsection were further considered for regulation.  These constituents
were then selected for regulation and are listed in Tables 6-2 and 6-3 at the
end of this section.

6.1.1     BOAT List Constituents Not Detected or Analyzed For in the Untreated
          Waste

          Constituents for which the Agency does not have analytical results
from characterization samples (identified by "NA" in Table 6-1) were deleted
from further consideration for regulation.

6.1.2     BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for
          Regulation For Other Reasons

          Copper was considered for regulation in K083 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters but was not selected as a constituent for regulation.  Although
copper cyanide is listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, copper is not
                                      6-2

-------
listed individually.  The Agency is only regulating copper when it is an
indicator of treatment performance for other Appendix VIII constituents.  For
K083 nonwastewaters and wastewaters, copper has not been identified as an
indicator of treatment performance for other Appendix VIII constituents and
therefore is not being regulated.

          The Agency has data which indicate that cyclohexanone may not be
amenable to quantification in nonwastewater matrices, such as incinerator ash.
Accordingly, cyclohexanone was deleted from further consideration for
regulation in nonwastewater forms of K083.

          Lead was deleted from further consideration for regulation in K083
because it was not present in the untreated waste at treatable concentrations.

          Sulfide was deleted from -further consideration for regulation in
K083 because the technologies determined to be BOAT for K083 (incineration,
stabilization, and chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration) do
not provide effective treatment for sulfide.  Moreover, the Agency is unaware
of any demonstrated technology for treatment of sulfide in K083 or similar
wastes.

6.2       BOAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation

          Constituents further considered for regulation in nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of K083 were selected from the BOAT List constituents that
were detected in the untreated waste, unless they were deleted from considera-
tion as discussed in Section 6.1.

          Tables 6-2 and 6-3 present each constituent selected for regulation
in K083 nonwastewaters and wastewaters after consideration of (1) the constit-
uent concentration in the untreated waste,  (2) whether the constituent is
adequately controlled by regulation of another constituent, and (3) the
relative difficulty in achieving effective  treatment of the constituent by the
technology identified as BOAT for K083 (incineration for organic constituents,
                                      6-3

-------
stabilization for metal constituents in nonwastewater,  and chemical precipita-
tion followed by vacuum filtration for metal constituents in wastewater).

          The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents was based on (1) an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents
that would affect the performance of incineration relative to the residuals,
specifically, their estimated boiling points for ash residuals and their bond
dissociation energies for scrubber water residuals, and (2) the structural
similarities among the constituents.

          Based on the above considerations, all of those constituents that
were further considered for regulation were selected for regulation.  The
seven BOAT List organic constituents selected for regulation (shown in Table
6-2) in K083 are benzene, aniline, diphenylamine,  diphenylnitrosamine,
nitrobenzene, cyclohexanone (wastewaters only), and phenol.  One metal
constituent, nickel, was also selected for regulation in nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of K083.
                                      6-4

-------
                                   Table  6-1

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083
BOAT
List
Constituent
                                         Concentration
                                         in Untreated
                                            K083 (ppml
VOLATILES

222.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
223.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
225.
226.
30.
227.
31.
214.
32.
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1,2-Dibromo- 3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
D ib romome thane
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2 -Dichloroethene
1,2 -Dichloropropane
trans-1,3 -Dichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
2,000-58,000
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA  •
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
     NA
NA - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.
                                      6-5

-------
                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BOAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083 (ppnO

VOLATILES (Continued)

33.       Isobutyl alcohol                                      NA
228.      Methanol                                              NA
34.       Methyl ethyl ketone                                   NA
229.      Methyl isobutyl ketone                                NA
35.       Methyl methacrylate                                   NA
37.       Methacrylonitrile                                     NA
38.       Methylene chloride                                    NA
39.       Pyridine                                              NA
40.       1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane                             NA
41.       1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane                             NA
42.       Tetrachloroethene                                     NA
43.       Toluene                                               NA
44.       Tribromomethane                                       NA
45.       1,1,1-Trichloroethane                                 NA
46.       1,1,2-Trichloroethane                                 NA
47.       Trichloroethene                                       NA
48.       Trichloromonofluoromethane                            NA
49.       1,2,3-Trichloropropane                                NA
231.      l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane                 NA
50.       Vinyl chloride                                        NA
215.      1,2-Xylene                                            NA
216.      1,3-Xylene                                            NA
217.      1,4-Xylene                                            NA

SEMIVOLATILES

51.       Acenaphthalene                                        NA
52.       Acenaphthene                                          NA
53.       Acetophenone                                          NA
54.       2-Acetylaminofluorehe                                 NA
233.      Acrylamide                                            NA
55.       4-Aminobiphenyl                                       NA
56.       Aniline                                         40,000-550,000
57.       Anthracene                                            NA
58.       Aramite                                               NA
59.       Benz(a)anthracene                                     NA
218.      Benzal chloride                                       NA
60.       Benzenethiol                                          NA
62.       Benzo(a)pyrene                                        NA

NA  - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.

                                      6-6

-------
                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BOAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)

6 3.        Benzo(b)fluoranthene                                  NA
64.        Benzo(ghi)perylene                                    NA
65.        Benzo(k)fluoranthene                                  NA
66.        p-Benzoquinone                                        NA
67.        Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane                            NA
68.        Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether                               NA
69.        Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether                           NA
70.        Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate                            NA
71.        4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether                            NA
72.        Butyl benzyl phthalate                                NA
73.        2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol             .            NA
74.        p-Chloroaniline                                       NA
75.        Chlorobenzilate                                       NA
76.        p-Chloro-m-cresol                                     NA
77.        2-Chloronaphthalene                                   NA
78.        2-Chlorophenol                                        NA
80.        Chrysene                                              NA
81.        ortho-Cresol                                          NA
82.        para-Cresol                                           NA
232.      Cyclohexanone                                        2,000
83.        Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                                 NA
84.        Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene                                    NA
86.        m-Dichlorobenzene                                     NA
87.        o-Dichlorobenzene                                     NA
88.        p-Dichlorobenzene                                     NA
89.        3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine                                NA
234.      cis-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene                             NA
90.        2,4-Dichlorophenol                                    NA
91.        2,6-Dichlorophenol                                    NA
92.        Diethyl phthalate                                     NA
93.        3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine                               NA
94.        p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene                             NA
95.        3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine                                NA
96.        2,4-Dimethylphenol                                    NA
97.        Dimethyl phthalate                                    NA
98.        Di-n-butyl phthalate                                  NA
99.        1,4-Dinitrobenzene                                    NA.
100.      4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol                                  NA
101.      2,4-Dinitrophenol                                     NA

NA  - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.

                                      6-7

-------
                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BDAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)

102.      2,4-Dinitrotoluene                                    NA
103.      2,6-Dinitrotoluene                                    NA
104.      Di-n-octyl phthalate                                  NA
105.      Di-n-propylnitrosamine                                NA
106./219. Diphenylamine/Diphenylnitrosamine                    1,700
107.      1,2-Diphenylhydrazine                                 NA
108.      Fluoranthene                                          NA
109.      Fluorene                                              NA
110.      Hexachlorobenzene                                     NA
111.      Hexachlorobutadiene                                   NA
112.      Hexachlorocyclopentadiene                             NA
113.      Hexachloroethane                                      NA
114.      Hexachlorophene                                       NA
115.      Hexachloropropene                                     NA
116.      Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene                                NA
117.      Isosafrole                                            NA
118.      Methapyrilene                                         NA
119.      3-Methylcholanthrene                                  NA
120.      4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)                    NA
36.       Methyl methanesulfonate                               NA
121.      Naphthalene                                           NA
122.      1,4-Naphthoquinone                                    NA
123.      1-Naphthylamine                                       NA
124.      2-Naphthylamine                                       NA
125.      p-Nitroaniline                                        NA
126.      Nitrobenzene                                     1,000-10,000
127.      4-Nitrophenol                                         NA
128.      n-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine                              NA
129.      n-Nitrosodiethylamine                                 NA
130.      n-Nitrosodimethylamine                                NA
131.      n-Nitrosomethylethylamine                             NA
132.      n-Nitrosomorpholine                                   NA
133.      n-Nitrosopiperidine                                   NA
134.      n-Nitrosopyrrolidine                                  NA
135.      5-Nitro-o-toluidine                                   NA
136.      Pentachlorobenzene                                    NA
137.      Pentachloroethane                                     NA
138.      Pentachloronitrobenzene                               NA

NA  - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.
                                      6-8

-------
                             Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BOAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)

139.      Pentachlorophenol                                     NA
140.      Phenacetin                                            NA
141.      Phenanthrene                                          NA
142.      Phenol                                              35,000
220.      Phthalic anhydride                                    NA
144.      Pronamide                                             NA
145.      Pyrene                                                NA
146.      Resorcinol                                            NA
147.      Safrole                                               NA
148.      1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene                            NA
149.      2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol                             NA
150.      1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene                                NA
151.      2,4,5-Trichlorophenol                                 NA
152.      2,4,6-Trichlorophenol                                 NA
153.      Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate                      NA

METALS

154.      Antimony                                              NA
155.      Arsenic                                               NA
156.      Barium                                                NA
157.      Beryllium                                             NA
158.      Cadmium                                               NA
159.      Chromium (total)                                      NA
221.      Chromium (hexavalent)                                 NA
160.      Copper                                                2.5
161.      Lead                                                1.9-3.0
162.      Mercury                                               NA
163.      Nickel                                                345
164.      Selenium                                              NA
165.      Silver                                                NA
166.      Thallium                                              NA
167.      Vanadium                                              NA
168.      Zinc                                                  NA

INORGANICS

169.      Cyanide                                              <0.05
170.      Fluoride                                              NA
171.      Sulfide                                             21,000

NA  - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.
                                      6-9

-------
                             Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BOAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083 (ppm)

ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES

172.      Aldrin                                                NA
173.      alpha-BHC                                             NA
174.      beta-BHC                                              NA
175       delta-BHC                                             NA
176.      gamma-BHC                                             NA
177.      Chlordane                                             NA
178.      ODD                                                   NA
235.      o.p'-DDD                                              NA
179.      DDE                                                   NA  •
236.      o,p'-DDE                                              NA
180.      DDT                                                   NA
237.      o,p'-DDT                                              NA
181.      Dieldrin                                              NA
182.      Endosulfan I                                          NA
183.      Endosulfan II                                         NA
238.      Endosulfan sulfate                                    NA
184.      Endrin                                                NA
185.      Endrin aldehyde                                       NA
186.      Heptachlor                                            NA
187.      Heptachlor epoxide                                    NA
188.      Isodrin                                               NA
189.      Kepone                                                NA
190.      Methoxychlor                                          NA
191.      Toxaphene                                             NA

PHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDES

192.      2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid                        NA
193.      Silvex                                                NA
194.      2,4,5-T                                               NA

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES

195.      Disulfoton                                            NA
196.      Famphur                                               NA
197.      Methyl parathion                                      NA
198.      Parathion                                             NA
199.      Phorate                                               NA

NA  - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.
                                      6-10

-------
                             Table 6-1 (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K083

BOAT                                                       Concentration
List                                                       in Untreated
Constituent	K083  (ppm)

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)

200.      Aroclor 1016                                          NA
201.      Aroclor 1221                                          NA
202.      Aroclor 1232                                          NA
203.      Aroclor 1242                                          NA
204.      Aroclor 1248                                          NA
205.      Aroclor 1254                                          NA
206.      Aroclor 1260                                          NA

DIOXINS AND FURANS

207.      Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins                           NA
208.      Hexachlorodibenzofurans                               NA
209.      Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins                          NA
210.      Pentachlorodibenzofurans                              NA
211.      Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
f\ •* f\       •** .    i •*  .••«      f
^ ^ ^ .       A^v\*^^Wlt.hW4.W^*^LS^ll£«WLSU^V^A^ll^
212.       Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
213.       2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
NA - Not available.
Source:  References 4, 5, 6, and 7.
NA
NA
NA
                                      6-11

-------
                    Table 6-2

BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
               K083 NONWASTEWATERS
             4.   Benzene
             56.   Aniline
            106.   Diphenylamine
            219.   Diphenylnitrosamine
            126.   Nitrobenzene
            142.   Phenol
            163.   Nickel
                        6-12

-------
                    Table 6-3

BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
                K083  WASTEWATERS
              4.   Benzene
             56.   Aniline
            106.   Diphenylamine
            219.   Diphenylnitrosamine
            126.   Nitrobenzene
            142.   Phenol
            232.   Cyclohexanone
            163.   Nickel
                        6-13

-------
7.0       CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS

          The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated con-
stituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT treatment
systems.  These standards must account for analytical limitations in available
treatment performance data, and the data must be adjusted for variabilities
related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures.  The
purpose of this section is to calculate treatment standards for the regulated
organic constituents and metal constituent in K083 nonwastewaters and the
regulated metal constituent in K083 wastewaters.  Treatment standard
calculations for the organic constituents selected for regulation in K083
wastewaters are presented and discussed in EFA's Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 14).

          BDAT treatment standards for K083 nonwastewaters are based on the
demonstrated technologies of incineration for organic constituents and
stabilization for the metal constituent.  The BDAT treatment standard for the
metal constituent in K083 wastewaters is based on the demonstrated technology
of chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration.

          Before treatment standards are calculated, the treatment performance
data are corrected to account for analytical interferences associated with the
chemical matrices of the samples.  A complete discussion of the accuracy
correction of treatment performance data is provided in Appendix B.  Appendix
B also contains the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors
used to correct the treatment performance data, as well as the corrected
treatment performance data.

          After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each regulated
constituent.  In cases where the constituent is not detected in the treatment
residual at or above its detection limit, the detection limit is used to
                                      7-1

-------
calculate the average constituent concentration in the treated waste.  Tables
7-1 and 7-2 at the end of this section present the averages of the corrected
treatment performance data for organic constituents and metal constituent
regulated in K083 nonwastewaters and for the metal constituent regulated in
K083 wastewaters, respectively.

          The next step in calculating treatment standards is to determine the
variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent.  The variability
factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system performance,
treatment residual collection, and treatment sample analysis.  (For more
information on calculation of variability factors, see EPA's Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).)  Variability factors for
the constituents selected for regulation in K083 are shown in Tables 7-1
and 7-2.

          Finally, the treatment standard is calculated for each regulated
constituent by multiplying the average of the corrected treatment performance
values by the variability factor for the constituent.  Treatment standards for
the organic constituents and the metal constituent in nonwastewater forms of
K083 and for the metal constituent in wastewater forms of K083 are presented
in Tables 7-1 and 7-2, respectively, and are discussed in greater detail in
the following sections.

          Treatment performance data for rotary kiln incineration of organic
constituents and stabilization of metal constituents in K083 nonwastewaters
are not available.  Treatment performance data for chemical precipitation
followed by vacuum filtration of metal constituents in K083 wastewaters are
also not available.  Therefore, the Agency is transferring performance data
from treatment of RCRA Blend waste to develop treatment standards for organic
constituents in nonwastewater forms of K083, from treatment of F024 to develop
a treatment standard for the metal constituent in nonwastewater forms of K083,
and from treatment of K062 to develop a treatment standard for the metal
constituent in wastewater forms of K083.  The rationale for these transfers is
presented in Section 4.0 of this document.
                                      7-2

-------
7.1       Calculation of Treatment Standards for K083 Nonwastewaters

7.1.1     Organic Constituents

          Incineration generally results in the generation of ash (a nonwaste-
water) and combustion gas scrubber water (a wastewater).   The best measure of
performance for a destruction technology, such as incineration, is the total
amount of each constituent of concern remaining after treatment.  Therefore,
BOAT treatment standards for organic constituents regulated in K083
nonwastewaters were calculated based on total constituent concentration data
transferred from the ash residual from incineration of RCRA Blend waste
(Reference 16).

          Treatment standards for organic constituents in K083 nonwastewaters
were calculated using six sample sets of data for incineration of RCRA Blend
waste (Reference 16).  Tables 4-2 and 4-3 present the total concentrations of
each organic constituent detected in the untreated RCRA Blend waste and the
treated nonwastewater residual (ash).  Treatment performance data for each
constituent being regulated in K083 nonwastewaters were transferred from data
for the same constituent in RCRA Blend waste if that constituent was detected
in the untreated RCRA Blend waste.  For a constituent that was not detected in
the untreated RCRA Blend waste, a treatment standard was developed based on
treatment performance data from another constituent that was detected in the
untreated RCRA Blend waste.

          The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect treatment
performance by incineration with respect to the nonwastewater residual (i.e.,
ash), and based on the structural similarities between the constituents from
and to which data are transferred.  In the rotary kiln, energy in the form of
heat is transferred to the waste to volatilize the organic waste constituents.
To determine whether one constituent is volatilized similarly to another
                                      7-3

-------
constituent, the Agency examines the boiling points and the structural
similarities of the constituents.

          In general, the Agency believes that a constituent with a higher
boiling point (bp) is more difficult to treat than a constituent with a lower
boiling point.  Whenever possible,  treatment performance data were transferred
to K083 nonwastewaters from constituents detected in untreated RCRA Blend
waste that had equal or higher boiling points.  Specific cases where data were
transferred from another constituent are noted in Table 7-1.

          The calculation of the treatment standards for each BOAT List
organic constituent regulated in K083 nonwastewaters is shown in Table 7-1.

7.1.2     Metal Constituent

          Stabilization is an immobilization technology for metals in non-
wastewaters.  The best measure of performance for an immobilization technology
is the concentration of each constituent of concern in the leachate from the
stabilized material.  The Agency is transferring performance data from
stabilization of metal constituents in F024 incinerator ash to develop a
treatment standard for the metal constituent in nonwastewater forms of K083.
The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0.

          The treatment standard for the regulated metal constituent in K083
nonwastewaters was calculated using three sample sets of data for
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash using a cement binder.  Table 4-5
presents the TCLP leachate concentrations for metal constituents in the
untreated and treated F024 incinerator ash.

          The accuracy-corrected data and the treatment standard calculation
for the metal constituent regulated in nonwastewater forms of K083 are
presented in Table 7-1.
                                      7-4

-------
7.2       Calculation of Treatment Standards for the Metal Constituent
          Regulated in KQ83 Wastewaters

          Chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration is a removal
technology for metals in wastewater.  The best measure of performance for a
removal technology is the total amount of each constituent of concern remain-
ing in the wastewater after treatment.  The Agency is transferring performance
data from treatment of metal constituents in K062 mixed with metal-bearing
characteristic hazardous wastes to develop the treatment standard for the
metal constituent in wastewater forms of K083.  The rationale for this
transfer is presented in Section 4.0.

          The treatment standard for the metal constituent in K083 wastewaters
was calculated using three sample sets of data for chemical precipitation
followed by vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic
hazardous wastes.  Table 4-7 presents the total concentrations for metal con-
stituents in the untreated and treated K062 mixed with metal-bearing charac-
teristic hazardous wastes.

          The accuracy-corrected data and the treatment standard calculation
for the metal constituent regulated in wastewater forms of K083 are presented
in Table 7-2.
                                      7-5

-------
                                                      Table  7-1

                         CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K083

                                                    NONUASTEUATERS
                           Constituent from Which
                            Treatment Performance
Arithmetic Average
   of Corrected
Treatment Standard
BDAT List Constituent Data in RCRA Blend Waste
Regulated in K083 Were Transferred
4.
56.
106. /219.
126.
<* 142.
163.
Benzene
Aniline
Diphenylamine/
Diphenylnitrosamine
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
Nickel
Benzene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
Nickel
Treatment Perfor-
mance Values (ppm)
2.352
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.0
0.031
Variability
Factor (VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
6.6
14
14a
14
5.6
0.088
"The  treatment  standard  represents  the  sum of  the concentrations of diphenylamine and diphenylnitrosamine.

-------
                                                        Table 7-2

                CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR THE METAL CONSTITUENT REGULATED  IN K083 WASTEWATERS
BDAT List Constituent
  Regulated in K083
 Constituent from Which
  Treatment  Performance
Data in RCRA Blend Waste
    Were Transferred
Arithmetic Average
   of Corrected
 Treatment Perfor-
mance Values (pom)
Variability
Factor (VF)
Treatment Standard
  (Average x VF)
	(ppm)	
     163.  Nickel
        Nickel
       0.387
     1.212
        0.47

-------
8.0       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

          This background document was prepared for the U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste,  by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-W9-0072.  This document was prepared under the direction of Richard
Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant,  Section Head,
Treatment Technology Section;  Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer;  and Jose
Labiosa, Project Manager.  Steve Silverman served as EPA legal  advisor.

          The following personnel from Radian Corporation were  involved in
preparing this document:  John Williams, Program Manager; Mary Willett,
Project Director; and Chrisanti Haretos, Task Leader.
                                     8-1

-------
9.0       REFERENCES


 1.  USEPA.   1989.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards.   June,  1989.
     Washington, D.C.:   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

 2.  American Public Health Association, American Water Works  Association,  and
     the Water Pollution Control Federation, 1985.  Standard Methods for the
     Examination of Water and Wastewater.  Sixteenth Edition.   Washington,
     D.C.:  American Public Health Association.

 3.  USEPA.   1988.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT") Background Document
     for K016. K018. K019.  K020. and K030.  August, 1988.   Washington, D.C.:
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

 4.  USEPA.   1988.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste - Docket.  Mobay Corp. comment on First Third proposal for K083.
     Comment nos.  20-B-2,  20-B-3, and 20-C-4, LDR 800061.  Washington, D.C.:
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

 5.  Alchowiak, J.  1987.  Memorandum to M. Chatmon, Analytical Results for
     K083.  December 22,  1987.  Springfield, VA:  Versar,  Inc.

 6.  USEPA.   1985.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR. Section 261.
     Waste Profiles.  2 vols.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protec-
     tion Agency.

 7.  Gerhold, T.C.  1989.  Letter to R. Maray, Composition of  K083.  April  27,
     1989.  Geismar, LA:   Rubicon, Inc.

 8.  SRI International.  1989.  Directory of Chemical Producers. United States
     of America.  Menlo Park, California:  SRI International.

 9.  USEPA.   1989.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Treatment Technology Background Document.  June,  1989.
     Washington, D.C.:   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

10.  USEPA.   1989.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Final Onsite Engineering Report of Stabilization  of F024 Rotary
     Kiln Incineration Ash at U.S. Armv Corps of Engineering Waterways Experi-
     ment Station. Vicksburg. Mississippi.  June, 1989.  Washington, D.C.:
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

11.  Lowenheim, F.A., and Moran, M.K. 1975.  Faith. Keves. and Clarke's Indus-
     trial Chemicals Fourth Edition,  pp. 109-116.  New York:   John Wiley &
     Sons.
                                      9-1

-------
12.   Ullmann,  Fritz.   1985.   Oilman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
     Fifth.  Completely Revised Edition.   Volume A2:   Amines,  Aliphatic to
     Antibiotics,   pp.  304-306.   New York:   V.C.H.  Publishers.

13.   USEPA.   1988.   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Non-confidential version of the Onsite  Engineering Report of
     Treatment Technology Performance and Operation  for Rollins Environmental
     Services (TX)  Inc..  Deer Park.  TX.   March 11,  1988.   Washington,  D.C.:
     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency.

14.   USEPA.   1990.   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Final  Best Demonstrated Available Technology  (BOAT) Background
     Document for U and P Wastes  and Multi-Source Leachate (F039).  Volume A.
     May,  1990.   Washington,  D.  C.:   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency.

15.   USEPA.   1987.   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   California List Notice of Data Availability.   52 Federal  Register
     29992,  August  12, 1987.

16.   USEPA.   1986.   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment  Technology Performance and
     Operation for  Envirite  Corporation. York. Pennsylvania.   December,  1986.
     Washington,  D.C.:  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency.

17.   USEPA.   1988.   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Solid
     Waste.   Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead Resource Development
     Company for K061. Draft Report.  March, 1988.   Washington,  D.C.:   U.S.
     Environmental  Protection Agency.
                                     9-2

-------
                APPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR
 ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN K083 WASTEWATERS
                   A-l

-------
            Aniline  (U012).   The  data available for aniline were compiled from
  the NPDES, UERL, and  BOAT  databases and are presented in Table 4-55.
  Technologies for which  data are available include AS, BT, CA, LL, LL+SS,  and
  LL+SS+AC.  The treatment performance data represent both pilot- and  full-scale
  studies.  The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 4.95 ppb to
  165,000 ppb.

            BOAT for  aniline is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
  as liquid liquid extraction followed by steam stripping followed by  activated
  carbon  (LL+SS+AC).  LL+SS+AC was selected as BOAT because it represents the
  best full-scale technology with data developed under BOAT guidelines
  (K103/K104).  The BOAT  treatment standard for aniline was calculated using the
  effluent concentration  of  262 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
  accuracy correction factor.  The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment
  standard for aniline  (0.81 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
  Table 6-10.
                                     TABLE 4-55
                             WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                     FOR ANILINE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
BT
CA
LL
LL
LL+SS
* LL+SS+AC
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilo
Fa
Fa
Fa
Fa
Fa
Fa
CT0001341
HJ0005291
SC0000914
t 226B
TX0002933
HJ0004219
K104
K103
K103/K104
K103/K104
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPb)
30
30
30
30
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPD)
100000-1000000
150000-300000
33000000-53000000
150000-53000000
150000-53000000
»0. OF
DATA
POINTS
16
12
13
49
2
5
4
AVERAGE
EFFLDBHT
CONCENT1IATION
(ppb)
10.000
7383.300
10.000
80.000
22.670
4.950
165000.000
90800.000
2400.000
262.000
RECOVERY
(*)
91
91
91
91
REMOVAL REFERENCE
(*)
NPDES
HPDES
NPDES
99.93 WEIL
NPDES
NPDES
BOAT
BDAT
BOAT
BDAT *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                          A-2

-------
          Benzene (U019).   Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for benzene, including data from the ITD,  BOAT, and WERL
databases as well as literature PACT" data.   These  data are  presented in
Table 4-5.  Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons
(AL),  aerobic lagoons followed by activated sludge (AL+AS),  API oil/water
separation followed by dissolved air flotation and activated sludge
(API+DAF+AS), AS, AS+Fil,  air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by
granular activated carbon, (AirS+GAC), GAG, liquid, liquid extraction (LL),
liquid, liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL+SS),  liquid, liquid
extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon (LL+SS+AC),  PACT*,
RO, SS, trickling filter (TF),  trickling filter followed by activated sludge
(TF+AS), and WOx.  The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-
scale studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were .
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance'data from the
               OCFSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.   These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for benzene is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
as steam stripping (SS).  The BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the
ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option 1 variability
factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for benzene
(0.14 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
                                      A-3

-------
            TABLE  4-5
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
           FOR  BENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL-AS
API-DAF^AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS^GAC
DETEaiON RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE ~ (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
Bench 371D 1000-10000
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Benc
Benc
Pu..
Fu..
Fa.
Fu.
Fu.
Ful
6B
IB
6B
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
233D 10000-100000
1482D 1000-10000
6B
100-1000
1 200B 100-1000
1 200B 100-1000
IB
6B
IB
6B
6B
1 IB
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
2
6
2
21
4
7
16
8
6
22
6
14
3
6
Bench 202D 100000-1000000
Full 6B
Full 6B
Full 6B
Full 6B
Benc
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
I 200B 0-100
6B
10000-100000
3
27
3
28
16
15
234A 100-1000
201B 0-100
IB
0-100
Pilot 206B 0-100
Full 234A 0-100
Full 6B
Bench 1328
Full 322
Pilot 224
Full 322
Pilot 1362
100000-1000000
E 10000-100000
J 100-1000
8 100-1000
1 1000-10000
E 100-1000
Full 229A 0-100
10
6
20
3
5
22
1

19
AVERAGE
EFPLCfflT
CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
60.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
13.000
3.700
10.000
0.800
1.000

30 000
i.'ooo
10.000
10.000
2.000
40.000
10.000
11.000
10.000
10.000
0.500
10.000
0.600
6.000
16.000
m
20.000
• 9300.000
0.440
0.500
52.000
1.000
1.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
W M)
98
98.9
94.4
92.3
99.9
99.96
98.8
99.3
99.83
99
91.7
99.55
95.7
95.6
98.9
99.97
99.09
99.8
99.71
89.6
97.8
99.97
99.83
81
84
99.73
97.4
99.99
90
99.74
99.67
98.7
99.09
90.9
REFERENCE
SERL
WERL
SERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
SERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
SERL
SERL
SERL
SERL
SERL
SERL
WERL
SERL
SERL
SERL
WERL
SERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
                   A-4

-------
                                               TABLE  4-5
                                   WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE'DATA
                                              FOR BENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
GAC
LL
LL
LL+SS
LLtSS+AC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
RO
* SS
* SS
* SS
* SS
SS
SS
SS
SS .
SS
TF
TF+AS
UF
WOx
WOx [B]
WOX B
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
Ful
Fu.
Fu

Fu
Benc
Benc
Benc
Benc
Ful
1 245B
K104
K103
K103/K104
K103/K104
1 242E
1 200B
i Zjnpro
i iinbro

full 250B
PUot 323B
Pilot 250B
Ful
Ful
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
1 250B
0415
2680
1494
0415
6B
6B
6B
6B
251B
IB
6B
Pilot 250B
Full 242E
Bench 1054E
Bench 1054E

5
5
5
5









10
10
10
10











1000-10000
4500-320000
32000-81000
4500-320000
4500-320000
0-100
100-1000
290
29
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
22300-48100
34693-147212
239-2008310
274000-412000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1
5
5
5
4

12
1
1


1


4
10
13
3
3
12
2
10
10
5





AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (%)
(ppb)
10
35600
3560
5
19
5
0
1
5
140
3
32
5C
67
38
10
44
200
200
48
10
10
10
1
10
230
29
500
180000
.000
.000 76.0
.000 76.0
.600 76.0
.000 76.0
.000
.700
.000
.000
.000
.800
.000
.000
.000
.800
.000
.800
.300
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

000
.000
.000
.000
.000
REMOVAL
99.28




33
99.34
99.7
33
92.2
95.1
19
78
92.7




QQ 04
99 .'99
99.97
99.99
96.3
97.5
99.97
78
99.64
53
82
REFERENCE
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL

WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                       A-5

-------
          Cvclohexanone (U057).   No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for cyclohexanone from any of the examined sources.   Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional
groups within the structure of the chemical.   For constituents represented by
a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste
treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data.
Cyclohexanone is in treatability group III.A.3.e and the constituent used to
transfer treatment performance data from was methyl ethyl ketone.  The
treatment performance data for methyl ethyl ketone are presented in
Tables 4-32A and 4-32B.  Using a transfer from this constituent results in a
BOAT for cyclohexanone of biological treatment and a BOAT treatment standard
of 0.36 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-10.
                                      A-6

-------
          Dtphenvlamtne.   No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for diphenylamine from any of the examined sources.  Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional
groups within the structure of the chemical.  For constituents represented by
a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste
treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data.
Diphenylamine is similar in structure to constituents in treatability group
III.A.3.f.(2) and the constituent used to transfer treatment performance data
from was 2-naphthylamine.  The treatment performance data for 2-naphthylamine
are presented in Table 4-101.  Using a transfer from this constituent results
in a BOAT for diphenylamine of activated sludge biological treatment and a
BOAT treatment standard of O.S2 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-10.
                                       A-7

-------
          Diphenvlnitrosamine.   No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for diphenylnitrosamine from any of the examined sources.  Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional
groups within the structure of the chemical.  For constituents represented by
a U or F code, this means that constituents included in the same waste
treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data.
Diphenylnitrosamine is similar in structure to constituents in treatability
group III.A.3.f.(6) and the constituent used to transfer treatment performance
data from was N-nitrosodimethylamine.  The treatment performance data for
N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented in Table 4*105.  Using a transfer from
this constituent results in a BOAT for diphenylnitrosamine of activated sludge
biological treatment and a BOAT treatment standard of 0.40 ppm as described in
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-10.
                                      A-8

-------
          Nitrobenzene (U169).   Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for nitrobenzene, including data from the ITD,
BOAT, and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and literature WAO data.
These data are presented in Table 4-103.  Technologies for which data are
available include AL, AS, AirS,  BT, BT+AC, ChOx, LL, LL+SS, LL+SS+AC, PACT*,
SS, SS+AC, and UOx.  The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.   These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for nitrobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as steam stripping followed by activated carbon (SS+AC).   The BDAT
treatment, standard was calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 14
ppb and the ITD Option 1 variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting
BDAT treatment standard for nitrobenzene (0.068 ppm) is described in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
                                      A-9

-------
                                                    TABLE 4-103
                                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                                  FOR NITROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
HP
BT+AC
chox
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
SCO*
SS
SS
* SS+AC
* SS+AC
SS+AC
HOX.
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATIOH
(Ppb)
Benc
Ful
Ful
Ful
Benc
Benc
. Ful
ful
Pilo
Ful
i 371D
" 975B
SB
6B
) 202D
1 200B
975B
6B
: 241B
IB
Pilot 241B
"K
Ful
Benc
Ful
ffl
Ful
Benc
Ful
Benc
Benc
Pilo
Pill
M
Ful
N
Ful
Bend
b 1328E
P246
P246
1 975B
K104 30
K103 30
K103/K104 30
K103/K104 30
1 190E
6B
1 975B
1 200B
. 65D
P297
P246
500 14
2630 14
P297
Ziipro
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100000-1000000
821-5559
821-90500
0-100
2200000-3900000
1500000-3000000
1500000-3900000
1500000-3900000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000000
87000-330000
91200-1965760
14-5460000
87000-330000
87000-330000
5125000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS


330
3

16

28
4
1
10
14
18

5
I
4

4

12

10
15
37
10
10
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVEBY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION (1) (»)
(ppb)
69.000
96.000
120.000
150.000
2200.000
3.000
3.400
14.000
10.000
23.000
32.000
96000.000
737.000
297.000
2.000
2420000.000 115
2200000.000 115
2400.000 115
30.000 115
21.000
14.000
2.000
3.700
22.000
11793.000
251325.000
520.300
712.600
713.000
255000.000
97.7
72
96.1
99.8
97.8
97.5
99.48
99.78
92.3
90
92.8
16

95.9



96
98.8
98.3
96.7
99.99





95
HERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WEJL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT /
BDAT }
WERL
BDAT
BDAT
BDAT
BDAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BDAT I
BDAT I •
ETD-L *
ITD-L *
BDAT /
WAO
/ ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docuient.
* Data use
-------
          Phenol (U188).  Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for phenol, including data from the ITD, BOAT, and WERL
databases as well as literature WAO data.  These data are presented in Table
4-109A.  In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by
industry just prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-109B.  Technologies
for which data are available include AL, API+DAF+AS, AS,  ChOx, GAG, BT, LL,
LL+SS, LL+SS+AC, PACT",  RBC,  RO,  SBR,  SS,  TF,  WOx,  AS+Fil,  and Anff.   The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.

          At proposal, BOAT for phenol was identified as biological treatment
and the treatment standard was based on an ITD median long-term average
effluent concentration of 10.363 ppb from the ITD database.  Between proposal
and promulgation, EPA evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available
for phenol.  Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial
treatment of phenol, these data were used to calculate the promulgated
standards.  Therefore, BOAT for phenol is biological treatment.

          The BDAT treatment standard for phenol was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for phenol (0.039 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
                                     A-ll

-------
            TABLE  4-109A
HASTEWATER TREATMENT  PERFORMANCE DATA
           FOR  PHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
ti
AL
AL
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fjl
AS+Fll
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pjlot 203A
Pilot ~ 203A
Pull 6B
Pilot 192D
Pull 1482D
Full IB
Full IB
Bench 202D
Ful
ful
Pilo
Fu
Fu.,
PU
Fu,
Pii
Fu,
Ful
B?nc

Ful
fa
6B
IB
: 203A
201B
IB
6B
IB
IB
975B
IB
1 1054E
: 240A
6B
11122E
6B
Pilot 241B
Pill
Ful
Ful
•ul
•ul
"yi
Pilo
Ful
p[3S
Pilo
Ful
Benc
a
Ful
Ful
6B
975B
6B
IB
IB
6B
; 226B
975B
6B
204A
: 192D
6B
l 1054E
8
6B
6B
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLDENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
- 100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
11
11
3
4
5
6

39
5
11
31
6
3
6
3

5

11
7
3
4
10

11
6
6
3
6

8
4

13
6
3
15
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
OMCZNTRATION (!)
(PPb)
84.000
18.000
11.000
10.000
85.000
2.000
26.000
0.010
10.000
8.000
14.000
20.000
1.000
10.000
61.000
1.000
6.600
1.000
0.250
10.000
15.000
4000.000
120.000
8.000
21.000
20.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
10.000
500.000
160.000
10.000
14.000
10.000
56.000
1000.000
10.000
25.000
13.000
10.000
REMOVAL
(*)
33
86
90.8
98.99
89.5
98.6
63
99.99
96.4
97.2
89
92.6
99.89
99.94
92.4
96.4
99.87
99.33
99.88
90
98
95.2
97.9
97.2
99.64
87
96.3
99.44
98.3
98.6
99.95
95
99.99
94.6
98.99
96.9
95
99.99
94.4
99.98
98
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL '
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HEM,
HERL
HERL
HERL
              A-12

-------
                                                  TABLE 4-109A (Continued)
                                      HASTEHATBR TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                                 FOR PHENOL


TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE

"~~
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF Pilot 231A
.AnFF B
ench 230A
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF B
AnFF P
AnFFvCAC P
ench 230A
}lot 235D
llot 249D
CAC Pilot 203A
ChOx Bench 975B
ChOx B
ChOx &
GAC B
GAC
GAC
* BT
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT &
PACT &
PACT
ench 975B
encfi 975B
ench 1054E
'ill 245B
?ull 237A
>ull 1293
ty K104
>U1 K103
>ul K103/K104
Ful K1037n04
inch 190E
snch 975B
Ful 6B
PACT Be.nch 975B
RBC Pilot 603E
RBC Pilot 1920
RO Full 250B
SBR Pilot 1433D
SBR Pilot 227D
SBR &
SBRvPACT ft
SElt P
SS P
TF P
snch 64D
ench 64D
[lot 1082E
jot 1082E
llot 203A
TF Full IB
TF Pilot 240A
TF Full IB
HOx Bench Zimro
HOX B &
HOX B &
HOx B B
ench 105*E
snch 1101D
ench 236A
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
1000000
1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
>1000000
100000-1000000
1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10 698564-978672
30 150000-300000
30 1500000-3000000
30 150000-3000000
30 150000-3000000
- 10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
>1000000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000000
100000-1000000
> 1000000
> 1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS








11




1
1
15
5
5
4


3

16
1




11
6
10
6
1


1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
REMOVAL
REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION (») (!)
(ppb)
700.
30.
10.
10.
70.
1000.
240.
50.
99.
16.
2.
12.
10.
10.
5.
10.
165000.
84000.
2400.
60.
1.
2.
30.
8.
17SS:
120.
1000.
1000.
3000.
1000.
210000.
160.
64.
47.
8.
1.
20000.
27000.
3600.
3000.

000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000 21
000 21
000 21
000 21
800
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000

99.98
99.99
98.97
99.99
99.98
99.95
99.86
99.99
21
93.3
98.3
99.37
99
92.6
99.89




99.99
99.96
98.6
99.85
99.6
98.99
93.6
97.7
99.81
99.63
99.88
95.4
24
49
82
91.3
98.2
99.8
97.3
99.92
99.97

HERL
HERL

HERL
HERL
HEE
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HEE
HERL
HEE
ITD-L *
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HEE
HERL
HEE
HAO
HEE
HEE
HEE
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                  TABLE 4-109B     	
                                   IIDOSTRY-SDBHITTZD LEACHATE  TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
                                                 DATA FOR PHEHOL
 TECHNOLOGY
   BT
                      DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LDffT
   SIZE                 (ppS)
             RANGE        NO.  OF     AVERAGE
            INFLUENT       DATA     EFFLUENT      RECOVERY
         CONCENTRATION    POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (\)
             (ppb)                    (ppb)
              DON
10
715-2500
10.000
                                               REMOVAL  REFERENCE
99.32   LEACHATE
                                                       A-13

-------
                   APPENDIX B




ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                       B-l

-------
                                  APPENDIX B
              ACCURACY CORRECTION  OF  TREATMENT  PERFORMANCE  DATA
          The treatment performance data used to determine  treatment standards
for K083 were adjusted to account for analytical interferences associated with
the chemical matrices of the samples.  Generally, treatment performance data
were corrected for accuracy as follows:  (1) a matrix spike recovery was
determined for each BOAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated
waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined for each of the above
constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (percent) for that
constituent; and (3) treatment performance data for each BOAT List constituent
detected in the untreated or treated waste were corrected by multiplying the
reported concentration of each constituent by its corresponding accuracy
correction factor.  The procedure for accuracy correction of the data is
described in further detail below.

          Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample.  The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking, minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the constitu-
ent.

          Matrix spike recoveries that were used to adjust  the treatment
performance data transferred to the K083 nonwastewater organic and metal
constituents and the wastewater metal constituent are shown in Tables B-l and
B-2.  Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some BDAT List constituents.
If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike
recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the two values from the
first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.  An accuracy correction factor of
1.00 was used when matrix spike and duplicate matrix spike recoveries both
                                      B-2

-------
exceeded 100%, so that the data were not adjusted to concentrations below the
detection limits.

          Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g.,
volatile or semivolatile organics) for which recovery data were available.  In
these cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles
from the first matrix spike were averaged.  Similarly, an average matrix spike
recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries.  The lower
of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile
group was used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no
matrix spike was performed.

          The accuracy correction factors for the data that were used to
adjust the treatment performance data transferred to the K083 nonwastewater
organic and metal constituents and the wastewater metal constituent are
presented in Table B-3.  The corrected treatment concentrations for these
regulated constituents are presented in Tables B-4 and B-5.
                                      B-3

-------
                     Table B-l
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR NONWASTEWATER RESIDUALS
                Sample Results
Duplicate Sample Results
Spike Constituent
VOLATILES
4 . Benzene
9 . Chlorobenzene
24. 1, 1-Dichloroethene
47. Trichloroethene
Original
Amount
Found
(ppra)

<2
<2
<2
<2
Amount
Spiked
(DPID)

25
25
25
25
Amount Percent Amount Amount
Recovered Recovery* Spiked Recovered
(pom) (%) (ppra) (PPIB)

22.6
24.8
21.2
26.8

90
99
85
107

25
25
25
25

21.2
25
19.4
28
Percent
Recovery8
m

85
100
78
112
SEMIVOLATILES (ACID EXTRACTABLES )
76. p-Chloro-m-cresol
78. 2-Chlorophenol
127. 4-Nltrophenol
139. Pentachlorophenol
142. Phenol
<5
<2
<10
<50
<2
100
100
100
100
100
110
98
97
88
90
110
98
97
88
90
100
100
100
100
100
120
100
110
88
97
120
100
110
88
97
SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene
88. 1.4-Dichlorobenzene
102. 2,4-Dlnltrotoluene
105. N-Nitroso-di-n-
<2
<2
<50
propylamine <5
145. Pyrene <2
150. 1.2,4-Trichlorobenzene <5
aPercent recovery - 100 x
Source: Non-confidential
for Rollins Envi
(C,-C0)/C,, where
version of the
50
50
50
50
50
50
55
45
53.5
60
60
37.5
C, = amount recovered, C0
Onsite Enp,ineerinR Report
ronmental Services (TX)
Inc . . Deer Park.
110
90
107
120
120
75
50
50
50
50
50
50
— original amount found,
of Treatment TechnoloRY
TX (Reference
13).
55
49.5
55
65
46
40
110
99
110
130
92
80
and C, = amount spiked.
Performance and Operation



-------
     Spike Constituent

    METALS

    163. Nickel
                                                     Table B-l (Continued)

                                      MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR NONWASTEWATER RESIDUALS
  Original
   Amount
    Found
    (ppm)
<0.0249
                                                      Sample  Results
Amount
Spiked
 (ppm)
 Amount
Recovered
   (ppm)
              1.61
                                                                     Percent
                                                                    Recovery*
                                                          Duplicate Sample Results
Amount
Spiked
 (ppm)
                80.5
 Amount
Recovered
  (ppm)
                1.59
 Percent
Recovery*
                 79.7
CD

Oi
    'Percent recovery - 100 x (C,-C0)/C,, where C, -  amount recovered,  C0 - original amount found, and C, - amount spiked.

    Source:  Non-confidential version of the Onsite  Engineering Report for  Stabilization of  F024 Rotary Kiln Incineration
             Ash at U.S. Armv Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksbure. Mississippi (Reference  10).

-------
    Spike Constituent

   METALS

   163.  Nickel
                                                         Table B-2

                         MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR THE METAL CONSTITUENT IN WASTEWATER RESIDUALS

                                         	Sample Results	    	Duplicate Sample Results
0.203
Original
 Amount       Amount      Amount      Percent      Amount       Amount       Percent
  Found       Spiked     Recovered   Recovery*     Spiked      Recovered    Recovery*
  (ppm)       (ppm)       (ppm)         (%)           (ppm)        (ppm)          (%)
1.00
1.14
94
1.00
1.123
93
ta
  "Percent recovery - 100 x (C|-C0)/C,, where  C, - amount recovered,  C0  -  original  amount found,  and Ct - amount spiked.

  Source:  Onsite  Engineering Report  for  Horsehead Resource  Development Company for K061 (Reference 17).

-------
                                  Table B-3

                    SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
                                      Accuracy Correction Factor*
BOAT List Constituent

  4.  Benzene
 34.  Methyl ethyl ketone
 38.  Methylene chloride
 42.  Tetrachloroethene
 43.  Toluene
 45.  1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 47.  Trichloroethene
215-217.  Xylenes (total)
222.  Acetone
226.  Ethyl benzene
229.  Methyl isobutyl ketone
 51.  Acenaphthalene
 57.  Anthracene
 65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 70.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
 80.  Chrysene
 87.  o-Dichlorobenzene
 88.  p-Oichlorobenzene
 98.  Di-n-butyl phthalate
108.  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
111.  Hexachlorobutadiene
126.  Nitrobenzene
141.  Phenanthrene
142.  Phenol
145.  Pyrene
163.  Nickel
Kiln Ash Residue
Total Comoosition
1.18
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.00
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.00
1.00
1.00
te 1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.09
1.255
Scrubber Water
Total Composition
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.075
NA - Not applicable.

The accuracy correction factor is equal to 100 divided by the percent
 recovery.  An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used when matrix spike
 and duplicate matrix spike recoveries both exceeded 100%, so that the
 data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits.
                                     B-7

-------
                                                                Table B-4
           BOAT List Constituent
                                    ACCURACY-CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
                                              CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K083 NONWASTEWATERS

                                                               Corrected Total  Concentration in RCRA Blend Waste
                                                                             Incinerator  Ash (ppm)'
                                     Sample Set:
w
oo
-L_
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
2.00
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
-2-
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13 .
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
2.00
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
3
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
2.00
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
4
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
12.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
230
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
-a-
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
2.00
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
-*-
2.35
10.6
10.6
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.00
2.13
10.6
2.13
10.6
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.22
2.00
2.00
2.00
10.0
5.00
2.00
2.22
2.17
      VOLATILES
         4.  Benzene
        34.  Methyl ethyl ketone
        38.  Methylene chloride
        42.  Tetrachloroethene
        43.  Toluene
        45.  1,1,1-Trichloroethane
        47.  Trichloroethene
 215.-217.  Xylenes (total)
      222.  Acetone
      226.  Ethyl benzene
      229.  Methyl isobutyl ketone

      SEMIVOLATILES
        51.  Acenaphthalene
        57.  Anthracene
        65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
        70.  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
        80.  Chrysene
        87.  o-Dichlorobenzene
        88.  p-Dichlorobenzene
        98.  Di-n-butyl phthalate
      108.  Fluoranthene
      109.  Fluorene
      111.  Hexachlorobutadiene
      126.  Nitrobenzene
      141.  Phenanthrene
      142.  Phenol
      145.  Pyrene

aConstituent concentrations  have  been  corrected  by  multiplying  the  concentration by  the accuracy correction  factor
 (ACF)  for  each  constituent.

-------
                                                 Table B-4 (Continued)

                           ACCURACY-CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR
                                     CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K083  NONWASTEWATERS

                                                      Corrected Total Concentration in F024 Nonwastewater
                                                    	Treatment Residual (ppm)a	
BOAT List Constituent              Sample Set:         1         2        3        4          5       	6

      METALS

       163.   Nickel                                 0.031      0.031     0.031    NA        NA        NA
NA - Not applicable.

"Constituent concentrations  have been corrected by multiplying the concentration by the  accuracy correction factor
 (ACF)  for  each constituent.

-------
                                                          Table B-5

                        ACCURACY-CORRECTED  DATA USED TO CALCULATE THE TREATMENT STANDARD FOR THE METAL
                                          CONSTITUENT REGULATED IN K083 WASTEWATERS
                                                          Corrected Total Concentration  in K062 Wastewater
                                                          	Treatment Residual (ppm)a	
    BOAT List Constituent

          METALS

          163.   Nickel
Sample Set:
                 0.387
0.355
0.419    NA
NA
NA
w
i
    NA -  Not  applicable.

    "Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying the concentration by the accuracy correction factor
    (ACF) for each constituent.

-------