PROPOSED
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR STRIPPING STILL TAILS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL ETHYL PYRIDINE
K026
James R. Berlow
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Jose Labiosa
Project Manager
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
November 1989
Note: This proposed Background Document is being issued in support of the
Agency's proposed rulemaking for the land disposal restrictions
program. The Agency solicits comments on the proposed rule and on
this proposed Background Document. This document will be issued in
final form, appropriately revised in response to comments, at the
time of promulgation of the final rule.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-1
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-2
3.0 APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-5
4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
(BOAT) 5-1
6.0 SELECTION OF CONSTITUENTS PROPOSED FOR REGULATION 6-1
7.0 CALCULATIONS OF PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
7.1 Calculation of Proposed Treatment Standards for
K026 Nonwastewaters 7-3
7.2 Calculation of Proposed Treatment Standards for
K026 Wastewaters 7-4
8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8-1
9.0 REFERENCES 9-1
APPENDIX A - ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA A-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1-1 PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K026 NONWASTEWATERS .. 1-5
1-2 PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K026 WASTEWATERS 1-6
2-1 K026 CHARACTERIZATION DATA 2-4
4-1 WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED BY EPA 4-4
4-2 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION 4-5
4-3 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
KILN ASH RESIDUAL 4-9
4-4 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION -
SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL 4-10
4-5 DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND
SECONDARY COMBUSTOR 4-11
7-1 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS
PROPOSED FOR REGULATION IN K026 NONWASTEWATERS AND
WASTEWATERS 7-7
A-l MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUAL A-5
A-2 MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL A-6
A-3 ACCURACY-CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS PROPOSED FOR REGULATION IN
K026 A-7
ii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
2-1 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL ETHYL
PYRIDINE (MEP) 2-3
iii
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) is
proposing to establish best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) treatment
standards for the listed hazardous waste identified in Title 40, Code of
Federal Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as K026, stripping still
tails from the production of methyl ethyl pyridine. These BDAT treatment
standards are being established in accordance with the amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984. BDAT
treatment standards will be effective no later than May 8, 1990, and on or
after the effective date, compliance with these BDAT treatment standards will
be a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of the waste in land
disposal units.
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and techni-
cal support for selecting the constituents for proposed regulation in K026 and
for developing treatment standards for these constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a basis for determining
whether a variance from a treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K026 that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were ana-
lyzed in developing treatment standards for K026.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
1-1
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a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology
for Develooine BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).
This background document presents waste-specific information on the
number and locations of facilities that may be affected by the land disposal
restrictions for K026, the processes generating this waste, the waste charac-
terization data, the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes,
if any), and the treatment performance data on which the proposed treatment
standards are based (Sections 2.0 - 4.0). This document also explains how EPA
determines BDAT, selects constituents to be regulated, and calculates treat-
ment standards (Sections 5.0 - 7.0).
Under 40 CFR 261.32, wastes identified as K026 are listed as
follows:
K026 - Stripping still tails from the production of methyl ethyl
pyridine.
The four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code associated with
the production of methyl ethyl pyridine is 2869. The Agency is not aware of
any domestic facilities that generate K026.
The Agency is proposing one organic constituent for regulation in
nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026. To determine the applicability of
the treatment standards, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less
1-2
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than 1% (weight basis) total suspended solids (TSS) and less than 1% (weight
basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition are
classified as nonwastewaters and must comply with nonwastewater treatment
standards.
The Agency does not have any performance data on the treatment of
K026. Treatment performance tests for this waste have not been pursued
because the Agency believes that adequate treatment performance data are
available from similar wastes previously tested by the BOAT Land Disposal
Restrictions Program. Therefore, treatment performance data were transferred
to K026 from another previously tested waste.
For nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026, proposed BOAT
treatment standards are based on treatment performance data transferred from
incineration of the RCRA Blend waste that was co-treated with K019.
Tables 1-1 and 1-2 at the end of this section list the proposed BDAT
treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026. These
proposed treatment standards are based on the total concentration of pyridine
in the waste. The units used for total constituent concentration are mg/kg
The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EFA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids". Specifically,
total suspended solids is measured by Method
dried at 103-105°C) in Standard Methods for 1
Wastewater. Sixteenth Edition (Reference 2).
total suspended solids is measured by Method 209C (total suspended solids
dried at 103-105 C) in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
1-3
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(parts per million on a weight-by-weight basis) for K026 nonwastewaters, and
mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis) for K026 wastewaters. If
the concentrations of the constituent proposed for regulation in K026
nonwastevaters and wastewaters, as generated, is lower than or equal to the
proposed treatment standards, then treatment of the waste would not be
required prior to "land disposal," as defined by 40 CFR Part 268.
EPA is also proposing to establish a method of treatment as the
treatment standard for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026 as an
alternative to specifying numerical treatment standards. The Agency is
proposing this alternate treatment standard because it is uncertain whether
other constituents, which may not be controlled for by regulation of the BDAT
List constituent proposed for regulation, are present in K026, due to a lack
of characterization data for K026. These alternative treatment standards are
shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2, for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026,
respectively.
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Table 1-1
PROPOSED BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K026
NONWASTEWATERS
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
Total Concentration
BDAT List Constituent (me/kg)
39. Pyridine 14
OR
INCINERATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-5
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Table 1-2
PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K026
WASTEWATERS
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent (mg/L)
39. Pyridlne 0.017
OR
INCINERATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-6
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2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industries that may be affected by the
land disposal restrictions for K026, the processes generating the waste, and
available waste characterization data.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
K026 is defined as stripping still tails from the production of
methyl ethyl pyridine (MEP). A search of available data indicates that MEP is
no longer produced domestically.
MEP is among the pyridine bases that are produced commercially by
synthesis rather than by isolation from coal tar. Figure 2-1 includes a
generic process diagram for MEP production. Acetaldehyde and sulfuric acid
are reacted to form crude paraldehyde that can be used to produce MEP or sent
on for refinement. To produce MEP, the crude paraldehyde is preheated and
reacted with ammonia acetate in the presence of an aluminum oxide, aluminum
fluoride, or cobalt chloride catalyst. The resulting product stream is then
transferred to an ammonia stripping still for ammonia recovery, and then to a
decanter. The MEP layer is further refined in a batch still. Residue from
the decanter is processed in a water stripping still. The stripping still
tails comprise the waste stream of concern.
2-1
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2.2 Waste Characterization
Available data sources (Reference 3) indicate the following general
composition for K026:
Constituent Concentration (%)
Faraldehyde 50
Pyridines 3
Picolines 3
Sulfuric Acid 6
Acetates 5
Water 33
Total: 100%
The only specific K026 characterization data that the Agency is aware of
indicate that pyridine is present in the untreated waste at 32,500 ppm.
Concentrations of other BOAT List constituents were not reported. ,
2-2
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To
Paraldehyde
Refinement
Ammonia
Acetate
Acetaldehyde
Sulfuric Acid
Crude
Paraldehyde
N)
I
+- HEP
To
Further
Processing
^ To
Storage
for
Further
Processing
Figure 2-1. Flow Diagram for the Production of
Methyl Ethyl Pyridine (MEP)
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3.0 APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
This section discusses the technologies that are applicable to
treatment of K026 nonwastewaters and wastewaters and determines which, if any,
of the applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose
of establishing BDAT.
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection. (Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technol-
ogy Background Document (Reference 4.) To be demonstrated, a technology must
be employed in full-scale operation for treatment of the waste in question or
a similar waste. Technologies available only at pilot- or bench-scale opera-
tions are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
The following subsections present applicable treatment technologies
for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026.
-.i. A;,; ;ci . • ..^r •
Nonwastewaters
Since nonwastewater forms of K026 consist primarily of organic
compounds (as shown in Section 2.0 of this document), applicable treatment
3-1
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technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various
organic compounds in the waste. The Agency has identified the following
treatment technologies as potentially applicable for these wastes: (1)
incineration (fluidized bed and rotary kiln); (2) solvent extraction followed
by incineration or recycle of the extract; and (3) critical fluid extraction
followed by recycle or incineration of the contaminated solvents. These
treatment technologies were identified based on current waste treatment
practices and engineering judgment.
Incineration. Incineration is a destruction technology in which
energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to destabilize
chemical bonds and destroy organic constituents. In a fluidized bed incinera-
tor, waste is injected into the fluidized bed material (generally sand and/or
incinerator ash), where it is heated to its ignition temperature. Heat energy
from the combustion reactions is then transferred back to the fluidized bed.
Ash is removed periodically during operation and during bed change-outs.
In a rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end
of the kiln, and the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to
heat the waste to its ignition temperature. Ash is removed from the lower end
of the kiln. Combustion gases from the kiln enter the afterburner for com-
plete destruction of organic waste constituents. Other wastes may also be
injected into the afterburner.
3-2
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Combustion gases from the fluidized bed or kiln afterburner are then
fed to a scrubber system for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and
acid gases, if present. In general, two residuals are generated by incinera-
tion processes: ash and scrubber water.
Solvent Extraction. Solvent extraction is a separation technology
in which organics are removed from the waste due to greater constituent
solubility in the solvent phase than in the waste phase. This technology
results in the generation of two treatment residuals: a treated waste resid-
ual and an extract. The extract may be recycled or further treated by incin-
eration.
Critical Fluid Extraction. :Critical fluid extraction is a solvent
extraction technology in which the solvent is brought to its critical state to
aid in the extraction of organic constituents from the wastes. After the
extraction step, the solvent (liquefied gas at its critical state) is brought
to its normal condition in the gaseous state and generates a small volume of
extract that is concentrated in organic constituents. This technology results
in the generation of two treatment residuals: a treated waste and an extract.
The extract may be recycled or further treated by incineration.
Wastewaters
Since wastewater forms of K026 may contain organic constituents at
treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include those that destroy
3-3
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or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste. The
Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as potentially
applicable for treatment of K026 wastewaters: (1) incineration; (2) steam
stripping; (3) biological treatment; (4) carbon adsorption; and (5) solvent
extraction.
Incineration. Incineration of wastewaters in a rotary kiln or
fluidized bed is identical to that for nonwastewaters described previously in
this section. In addition, liquid injection incineration may also be an
applicable technology for treatment of K026 wastewaters.
In a liquid injection incinerator, liquid wastes are atomized and
injected into the incinerator. Combustion gases from the incinerator are then
fed to a scrubber system for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and
acid gases, if present. In general, only wastes with low or negligible ash
content are amenable to liquid injection incineration. Therefore, the tech-
nology generally does not result in the generation of an ash residual.
ft tripping . Steam stripping is a separation technology in
which organics are removed from the waste by volatilization through the
"Application of heat.01 This technology results rftiathe formation of two treat-
ment residuals: a treated waste extract and a treated effluent. The treated
waste extract and the treated effluent may require further treatment by
incineration, and carbon adsorption or biological treatment, respectively.
3-4
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Biological Treatment. Biological treatment is a destruction tech-
nology in which organic constituents in wastewaters are biodegraded. This
technology results in the formation of two treatment residuals: a treated
effluent and a waste biosludge. The treated effluent and the waste biosludge
may require further treatment for metals by chemical precipitation and stabi-
lization, respectively.
Carbon Adsorption. Carbon adsorption is a separation technology in
which organic constituents in wastewaters are selectively adsorbed onto
activated carbon. This technology results in the formation of two treatment
residuals: a treated effluent and spent activated carbon. The treated
effluent may require further treatment for metals by chemical precipitation.
The spent carbon may require further treatment by incineration.
Solvent Extraction. Solvent extraction of wastewaters is identical
to that for nonwastewaters described previously in this subsection.
3.2 r Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
; r
. The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat K026 nonwaste-
waters as^or wastewaters. Hpwever, rotary kiln incineration is demonstrated
for similar wastes, as discussed in Section 4.0 of this document.
The Agency is not aware of any other technologies that are demon-
strated for treatment of K026.
3-5
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4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
This section presents the treatment performance data that were used
to develop proposed treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms
of K026.
Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data from a demon-
strated treatment technology that treats a similar waste or wastes. EPA's
methodology for the transfer of treatment performance data is provided in
EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).
Transfer of treatment performance data is technically valid in cases where the
untested wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing
steps, or have similar waste characteristics affecting treatment selection and
performance that are similar to those of the tested wastes.
The Agency does not have any treatment performance data for treat-
ment of K026 nonwastewaters or wastewaters. However, treatment performance
data were available from other wastes previously tested by EPA and were
transferred to develop proposed treatment standards for K026. Sources of
treatment performance data for potential transfer to K026 include wastes
previously tested by incineration (including rotary kiln and fluidized bed
incineration). Incineration was identified as applicable and demonstrated for
treatment of these wastes, as discussed in Section 3.0 of this document.
4-1
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Previous incineration tests conducted by the Agency are listed in
Table 4-1 at the end of this section. EPA examined the wastes incinerated in
these tests to identify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of
treatment performance data to K026 nonwastewaters and wastewaters. Specifi-
cally, EPA examined (1) whether the untested K026 is generated from a similar
industry or processing step and (2) whether the waste has similar waste
characteristics as those previously tested wastes.
Wastes included in Tests 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are generated
by the organic chemicals industry. Like K026, wastes incinerated in Tests 3,
4, 5, 11, and 14 were generated by distillation or some other type of separa-
tion process.
Of the wastes generated by a process similar to that generating
K026, those incinerated in Tests 3, 4, and 14 contain nitrogenated compounds
and are, therefore, most structurally similar to K026. The wastes incinerated
in these tests are also similar to K026 in that they are all organic wastes.
The constituents in the RCRA Blend waste incinerated in Test 4 are more
similar to K026 than those in Tests 3 and 14 with respect to structure and
physical properties that affect the treatment performance of incineration,
such as boiling points and bond dissociation energies. In addition, the RCRA
Blend waste incinerated in Test 4 is expected to have a similar thermal
conductivity to K026. Therefore, treatment performance similar to that
achieved for the RCRA Blend waste could be achieved for K026.
4-2
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Based on the similarities discussed above, a treatment standard for
the constituent being proposed for regulation in K026 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters was developed based on treatment performance data transferred from
rotary kiln incineration of the RCRA Blend waste that was co-incinerated with
K019 in Test 4 (Reference 5).
K019 and three other wastes, referred to as "RCRA Blend", "PCB
Blend", and "mercaptan-contaminated waste", were treated in Test 4. K019,
RCRA Blend waste, FCB Blend waste, and mercaptan-contaminated waste comprised
approximately 20%, 23%, 41%, and 16%, respectively, of the waste treated.
K019 and RCRA Blend were fed to the rotary kiln; PCB Blend and mercaptan-
contaminated waste were fed to the afterburner (secondary combustor). The ash
generated from rotary kiln incineration results from treatment of the K019 and
RCRA Blend wastes only, while scrubber water results from treatment of all
four wastes fed to the incinerator. The ash data from the incineration of
K019 and RCRA Blend waste were transferred to K026 nonwastewaters, and the
scrubber water data from incineration of all four wastes were transferred to
K026 wastewaters. Tables 4-2 and 4-3 present the BDAT List constituents
detected in the untreated wastes and in the kiln ash residual for six sample
sets collected by EPA from the rotary kiln incineration treatment system.
Table 4-4 presents BDAT List constituents detected in the scrubber water
residual for six sample sets collected by EPA from the same incineration
system. Design and operating data are presented in Table 4-5 for each sample
set. All tables are presented at the end of this section.
4-3
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Table 4-1
WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED BY EPA
Test Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Waste Code(s)
K001 - Pentachlorophenol
waste
K001 - Creosote waste
K011, K013, K014
K019
K024
K037
K048, K051
K087
K101
K102
F024
K015
D014, D016, P059*. U127*.
and U192*
U141*. U028*. P020*.
U112*. U226*. U239*.
U080*. U220*. U166*.
U161*. and U188*
Treatment Technology Used
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Fluidized bed incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Liquid injection incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
Rotary kiln incineration
^Commercial chemical products were used in these test burns as surrogates for
these wastes.
4-4
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Table 4-2
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
BDAT List Constituent
VOLATILES
4. Benzene .... r.|,,., ..-• / ,..
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroetftane
34. Methyl ethyl Intone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene j|
229. Methyl isobutyj. ketpne ,
Wastes fed
to the Rotary Kilna
K019
(ppm)
<2,000
3,500-4,100
<2,000-3,000
4,600-6,000
<2,000-2,200
87,000-130,000
<10,000
<10,000
6,000-7,800
<2,000
33,000-81,000
2,200-3,210
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
< 10,000.
RCRA Blend
(ppm)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<2,000
<10,000
< 10, 000
< 10, 000
<2,000
<2,000
3,600
36,000
< 10, 000
16,000
< 10, 000
Wastes fed
to the Secondary Combustor
Mercaptan-
Contaminated
PCB Blend Waste
(ppm) (ppm)
17.0
1.9
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
3.5
<2.0
<0.4
3.7
2.3
<0.4
4.4
<2.0
4.1
<2.0
a Six sample sets of K019 were collected; results are presented as ranges, where appropriate.
Only one sample of RCRA Blend, PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes were collected.
Note: This table shows the concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents that were detected
in the untreated waste.
Source: BDAT Background Document for K016. K018. K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
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Table 4-2 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Wastes fed
to the Rotary Kiln3
BOAT List Constituent
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
90. 2,4-Dichlorophe,nol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
K019
(ppm)
<25
<10
<10
280-340
<10
SNA
74-90
<25
<25
RCRA Blend
(ppm)
150
<20
<50
110
67
<20
40
28
<20
250
32
<50
<50
Wastes fed
to the Secondary Combustor
Mercaptan-
Contaminated
PCB Blend Waste
(ppm) (ppm)
120
480
<250
400
<100
<100
<100
<100
<100
1,060
460
<250
500
<0.002
<0.002
1.220
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.079
<0.002
0.020
2.550
0.260
0.420
0.430
a Six sample sets of K019 were collected; results are presented as ranges, where appropriate.
One sample of RCRA Blend, PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes were collected.
Note: This table shows the concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents that were detected
in the untreated waste.
Source: BOAT Background Document for K016. K018. K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
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Table 4-2 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
BOAT List Constituent
SEMIVOLATILES (Cont.)
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Wastes fed
to the Rotary Kilna
K019
(ppm)
16-22
60-87
<50
85-120
314-470
<10
<25
51-65
11-21
62-86
65-100
<50
RCRA Blend
(ppm)
31
<20
120
53
<100
210
<100
<20
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
<100
Wastes fed
to the Secondary Combustor
Mercaptan-
Contaminated
PCB Blend Waste
(ppm) (ppm)
120
430
300
340
<500
<500
<500
400
<100
8,200
1,000
950
1,000
260
1,400
9,000
<500
0.012
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.022
0.079
0.018
0.133
0.078
0.027
0.020
<0.002
4.56
<0.002
0.008
1.24
0.037
a Six sample sets of K019 were collected; results are presented as ranges, where appropriate.
One sample of RCRA Blend, PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes were collected.
Note: This table shows the concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents that were detected
in the untreated waste.
Source: BOAT Background Document for K016, K018, K019. K020, K030 (Reference 6).
-------
Table 4-2 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
00
BOAT List Constituent
METALS
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
171. Sulfide
Wastes fed
to the Rotary Kilna
K019
(ppm)
<0.2-1.2
<0.9-0.97
<0.3-0.63
1.8-5.3
<1.0-3.6
2.1-3.5
2.2-6.0
4.4-9.4
790
RCRA Blend
(ppm)
.3
.3
94
1
<0.
40
165
27
8.8
4,170
830
Wastes fed
to the Secondary Combustor
Mereaptan-
Contaminated
PCB Blend Waste
(ppm) (ppm)
<0.02
1.67
<0.003
<0.009
0.027
0.0064
0.037
0.071
17
<33
23.7
107
<7.3
6.2
6810
16,000
a Six sample sets of K019 were collected; results are presented as ranges, where appropriate.
One sample of RCRA Blend, PCB Blend, and Mercaptan-Contaminated wastes were collected.
Note: This table shows the concentrations in the untreated waste for all constituents that were detected
in the untreated waste.
Source: BOAT Background Document for K016. K018. K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
-------
Table 4-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
KILN ASH RESIDUAL
Concentration 1n Kiln Ash - Total Concentration (mg/kg)
BOAT List Constituent
DETECTION
LIMIT
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
*2
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
#4
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
*6
SEMIVOLATILES
70. B1s(2-ethyIhexy1)phthalate
72. 01-n-butyl phthalate
METALS
154.
155.
4N 156-
1 158.
*° 159.
160.
161 .
163.
165.
167.
168.
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
S1 Ivor
Vanadium
Zinc
INORGANICS
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
6.0
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.9
1 .0
0.2
2.0
0.9
2.0
0.6
2
50
NO
NO
8.0
3.6
26
0.66
44
2370
120
66
3.3
4. 1
12
38
68
NO
ND
6.8
2.8
23
0.96
60
3430
42
89
3.4
4.8
13
ND
5. 1
ND
ND
9.2
5.7
54
3.6
202
2290
1 18
169
1 .9
6.0
16
6. 1
64
12
230
ND
5.7
8.4
ND
28
1270
25
69
2.6
ND
1 1
3.2
ND
ND
ND
9. 1
3.9
21
1 .2
125
2780
86
166
3.3
5.7
22
23
64
ND
ND
9.6
2.3
1 1
2.2
141
2520
34
288
3. 1
8.7
13
4.7
92
ND - The compound was not quantified at or above the detection limit.
Note: This table shows the concentrations 1n the kiln ash for all constituents that were detected in the nonwastewater residuals
generated from treatment of the waste.
Source: BOAT Background Document for KO16. K01B. K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
-------
Table 4-4
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
BOAT List Constituent
SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL
Concentration In Scrubber Water - Total Concentration (ug/l)
DETECTION
LIMIT
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
#3
SAMPLE SET
#4
SAMPLE SET
SAMPLE SET
*6
VOLATILES
21 .
43.
D1chlorod1fluoromethane
Toluene
SEMIVOLATILES
98. 01-n-butyl phthalate
METALS
I
•—•
o
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161 .
162.
163.
165.
167.
168.
Ant Imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryl 1 lum
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Vanadium
Zinc
INORGANICS
170. Fluoride
240
2
9
1
3
9
10
80
0.2
20
9
20
6
10
NO
ND
ND
410
46
480
ND
230
1 10
1810
820
2
81
85
160
11.400
20.000
ND
3.2
6.3
390
38
500
ND
190
140
1380
780
2.
68
95
180
11.000
15.000
4.3
2.6
4.6
410
30
530
ND
150
130
1 180
640
1 .
57
92
150
9500
14.000
14
4.6
4.2
400
29
550
ND
130
140
1 130
600
0.
65
92
150
9980
13.000
ND
ND
2.7
350
27
600
2
120
140
1030
480
1
67
90
160
11.100
12.000
ND
ND
2.5
320
33
570
ND
1 10
130
870
400
1
61
92
160
10.400
12.000
ND - The compound was not quantified at or above the detection limit.
Note: This table shows the concentrations In the scrubber water for all constituents that were detected In the wastewater residuals
generated from treatment of the waste.
Source: BOAT Background Document for K016, K01B, K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
-------
Table 4-5
DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND SECONDARY COMBUSTOR
Parameter (units)
Kiln Outlet Temperature (°F)
Kiln Solids Residence Time (mln)
Kiln Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)
K019:
RCRA Blend. Burner *1:
RCRA Blend. Burner *2:
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Afterburner Temperature (°F)
Afterburner Residence Time (sec)
Afterburner Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)
PCB Blend:
Mercaptan-Contamlnated Waste:
Stack Oxygen Concentration (%)
Stack Carbon Monoxide
Concentration (ppm volume)
Design
Value
0
o
o
Total :
o
o
o
o
Total :
NA
NA
SAMPLE
SET *1
1825-1900
120
13. 1
3.9-5.5
4.4-9.7
21 .4-28.3
0. 19-0.21
2380
2
36. 1
0. 18
36.28
6.B
NR
SAMPLE
SET *2
1800-1880
120
12.2
5.2-5.5
4.4-9.7
21 .8-27.4
0. 19-0.21
2400
2
36.5
0. 18
36.68
7.0
NR
SAMPLE
SET *3
1850-1900
120
12.4
5.2-5.8
4.4-8.4
22.0-26.6
0. 19-0.21
2400
2
36.5
0. 18
36.68
7.2
0
SAMPLE
SET #4
1775-1900
120
12.7
5.2-5.8
4.4-7.3
22.3-25.8
0. 19-0.21
2400
2
36.5
0. 18
36.68
6.4
0
SAMPLE
SET *5
1775-1800
120
11.7
5.2-6.0
5.2-9.7
22. 1-27.4
0. 19-0.21
2400
2
37.5
0.18
37.68
6.8
NR
SAMPLE
SET *6
1775-1850
120
11.5
5.2-5.8
5.2-9.7
21 .9-27
0. 19-0.21
2350
2
37.5
0. 18
37.68
7.0
NR
o - This Information has been claimed RCRA Confidential Business Information. The Information Is available In the confidential portion
of the Administrative Record for the First Thirds Rulemaklng of August 17, 1988.
Source: BOAT Background Document for K016. K018. K019. K020. K030 (Reference 6).
NA - Not applIcable.
NR - Not recorded.
-------
5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section discusses technologies that are available for treatment
of K026 nonwastewaters and wastewaters and identifies proposed BDAT for K026
nonwastewaters and wastewaters.
For a treatment technology to be identified as BDAT, the treatment
performance data are first screened to determine whether they represent a
well-designed and well-operated treatment system, whether sufficient analyti-
cal quality assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the
accuracy of the data, and whether the appropriate measures of performance were
used to assess the performance of the particular treatment technology.
i
The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the RCRA Blend waste treatment test (Test 4) were reviewed
for the points described above. The appropriate measure of performance (total
constituent concentration) was used to assess the treatment system. Addi-
tionally, the Agency had no reason to believe that this treatment system was
not well-designed and well-operated, or that insufficient analytical quality
assurance/quality control measures were employed in generating treatment
performance data.
An available treatment technology is one that (1) is not a proprie-
tary or patented process that cannot be purchased or licensed from the propri-
etor (i.e., it must be commercially available), and (2) substantially
5-1
-------
diminishes the toxicity of the waste or substantially reduces the likelihood
of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste. The technology that is
demonstrated for treatment of K026, incineration, is considered to be commer-
cially available and to provide substantial treatment of the waste. There-
fore, incineration is "available" for treatment of K026.
In summary, incineration has been determined to be demonstrated and
available for treatment of nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026.
However, because the Agency does not have treatment performance data for any
other demonstrated and available technologies treating K026 or similar wastes,
this treatment technology is considered to be the best. Therefore, the best
demonstrated available technology (BOAT) for K026 has been determined to be
incineration.
5-2
-------
6.0 SELECTION OF CONSTITUENTS PROPOSED FOR REGULATION
The Agency has developed a list of hazardous constituents (the BDAT
Constituent List, presented in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment
Standards (Reference 1)) from which constituents to be regulated are selected
for regulation. EPA may revise this list as additional data and information
become available. The list is divided into the following categories: vola-
tile organics, semivolatile organics, metals, inorganics other than metals,
organochlorine pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorus
insecticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans. This section presents the ration-
ale for the selection of pyridine for proposed regulation in wastewater and
nonwastewater forms of K026.
Generally, constituents selected for proposed regulation must
satisfy the following criteria:
(1) The constituent must be on the BDAT List of regulated constitu-
ents. Presence on the BDAT List means that approved methods to
analyze for the constituent in treated waste matrices exist.
(2) The constituent must be present in. or be suspected of being
present in. the untreated waste. For example, in some cases,
analytical difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a con-
stituent from being identified in the untreated waste, but its
identification in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to
conclude that it is present in the untreated waste.
The Agency reviewed all available K026 characterization data for
these criteria. (These data are presented in Table 2-1 of this document.)
Pyridine was the only BDAT List constituent for which analytical results were
quantified above the detection limit and reported. Accordingly, pyridine was
6-1
-------
the only BOAT List constituent selected for proposed regulation in nonwaste-
water and vastewater forms of K026.
6-2
-------
7.0 CALCULATION OF PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated con-
stituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT treatment
systems. These standards must account for analytical limitations in available
treatment performance data, and the data must be adjusted for variabilities
related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures. The
purpose of this section is to calculate proposed treatment standards for K026
nonwastewaters and wastewaters for the constituent selected for proposed
regulation using the available treatment performance data from the treatment
technology identified as BOAT.
H
Proposed BDAT treatment standards for, K026 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters are based on the demonstrated technology of incineration.
Before treatment standards are calculated, the treatment performance
data are corrected to account for analytical interferences associated with the
chemical matrices of the samples. A complete discussion of the accuracy
correction of treatment data is provided in Appendix A. Appendix A also
contains the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors used to
correct the treatment performance data, as weHrag,.the corrected treatment
performance data.
After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each regulated
7-1
-------
constituent. In cases where the constituent is not detected in the treatment
residual at or above its detection limit, the detection limit is used to
calculate the average constituent concentration in the treated waste. Tables
7-1 and 7-2 at the end of this section present the averages of the corrected
treatment performance data for the constituent proposed for regulation in K026
nonwastewaters and wastewaters, respectively.
The next step in calculating treatment standards is to determine the
variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent. The variability
factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system performance,
treatment residual collection, and treatment sample analysis. (For more
information on calculation of variability factors, see -EPA's Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).) Variability factors for
the constituent proposed for"regulation in K026 are shown in Tables 7-1 and
7-2.
Finally, the treatment standard is calculated for each constituent
proposed for regulation by multiplying the average of the correct treatment
performance values by the variability factor for the constituent. Proposed
treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K026 are pre-
sented in Tables 7-1 and 7-2 and are discussed in greater-1deftail in the
following sections.
7-2
-------
7.1 Calculation of the Proposed Treatment Standard for K026 Nonwaste-
waters
Treatment performance data for the ash from rotary kiln incineration
of K026 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring performance
data from treatment of organic constituents in RCRA Blend waste to develop
treatment standards for organic constituents in nonwastewater forms of K026.
The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0 of this document.
Incineration generally results in the generation of ash (a nonwaste-
water) and combustion gas scrubber water (a wastewater). The best measure of .
performance for a destruction technology, such as incineration, is the total
amount of each constituent of concern remaining after treatment. .„. Therefore,
the proposed BOAT treatment standard for pyridine in K026 nonwastewaters was
calculated based on total constituent concentration data transferred from the
ash residual from incineration of RCRA Blend waste (Reference 7).
The proposed treatment standard for pyridine in K026 nonwastewaters
was calculated using six sample sets of data for rotary kiln incineration of
RCRA Blend waste (Reference 7). Tables 4-2 and 4-3 of this document present
the total concentrations of each organic constituent detected in untreated
RCRA Blend waste and the treated nonwastewater residual (ash). Because
pyridine was not detected in the untreated RCRA Blend waste, treatment perfor-
mance data for pyridine in K026 nonwastewaters were transferred from nitro-
benzene in RCRA Blend waste, as explained below.
7-3
-------
The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect treatment
performance by incineration with respect to the nonwastewater residual (i.e.,
incinerator ash) and the structural similarities between the constituents from
and to which data are transferred. In the rotary kiln, energy in the form of
heat is transferred to the waste to volatilize the organic waste constituents.
To determine whether one constituent is volatilized similarly to another
constituent, the Agency examines the boiling points and the structural simi-
larities of the constituents.
In general, the Agency believes that a constituent with a higher
boiling point (bp) is more difficult to treat than a constituent with a lower
boiling point. Whenever possible, treatment performance data are transferred
from constituents detected in the untreated waste that have equal or higher
boiling points. For K026 nonwastewaters, treatment performance data were
transferred from nitrobenzene to pyridine, since nitrobenzene was detected in
the untreated waste and has a higher boiling point than pyridine.
The calculation calculation of the proposed treatment standard for
pyridine in K026 nonwastewaters is shown in Table 7-1.
7.2 Calculation of the Proposed Treatment Standard for K026 Wastewaters
Treatment performance data for the scrubber water from rotary kiln
incineration of K026 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring
performance data from treatment of organic constituents in RCRA Blend waste to
7-4
-------
develop treatment standards for organic constituents in wastewater forms of
K026. The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0 of this
document.
Incineration generally results in the generation of ash (a nonwaste-
water) and combustion gas scrubber water (a wastewater). The best measure of
performance for a destruction technology, such as incineration, is the total
amount of each constituent of concern remaining after treatment. Therefore,
the proposed BOAT treatment standard for pyridine in K026 wastewaters was
calculated based on total constituent concentration data transferred from the
scrubber water residual from incineration of RCRA Blend waste (Reference 7).
The proposed treatment standard for pyridine in K026 wastewaters was
calculated using six sample sets of data from rotary kiln incineration of RCRA
Blend waste. Tables 4-2 and 4-4 of this document present the total concentra-
tions of each organic constituent detected in the untreated RCRA Blend waste
and the treated wastewater residual (scrubber water). Because pyridine was
not detected in the untreated RCRA Blend waste, treatment performance data for
pyridine in K026 wastewaters were transferred from nitrobenzene in RCRA Blend
waste, as explained below.
The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect treatment
performance of incineration with respect to the wastewater residual (i.e.,
scrubber water) and the structural similarities between the constituents from
and to which data are transferred. In the secondary chamber (or afterburner),
7-5
-------
energy in the form of heat is added to destabilize chemical bonds to initiate
the combustion reactions. To determine whether one constituent is destabi-
lized similarly to another constituent, the Agency examines the bond dissocia-
tion energies and the structural similarities of the constituents.
In general, the Agency believes that a constituent with a higher
bond dissociation energy (BDE) is more difficult to treat than a constituent
with a lower BDE. Whenever possible, treatment performance data are trans-
ferred from constituents detected in the untreated waste that have equal or
higher BDEs. For K026 wastewaters, treatment performance data were trans-
ferred from nitrobenzene to pyridine, since nitrobenzene was detected in the
untreated waste and has a higher bond dissociation energy than pyridine.
The calculation of the proposed treatment standard for pyridine in
K026 wastewaters is shown in Table 7-2.
7-6
-------
Table 7-1
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS PROPOSED
FOR REGULATION IN K026
NONWASTEUATERS
Constituent from Which Arithmetic Average
Treatment Performance of Corrected Treatment Standard
BOAT List Constituent Data in RCRA Blend Waste Treatment Perfor- Variability (Average x VF)
Proposed for Regulation Were Transferred mance Values (ppm) Factor (VF) (ppm)
39. Pyridine Nitrobenzene 5.0 2.8 1H
WASTEWATERS
Constituent from Which Arithmetic Average
Treatment Performance of Corrected Treatment Standard
BOAT List Constituent Data in RCRA Blend Waste Treatment Perfor- Variability (Average x VF)
Proposed for Regulation Were Transferred mance Values (ppm) Factor (VF) (ppm)
39. Pyridine Nitrobenzene 0.006 2.8 0.017
-------
8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation, under Contract No.
68-W9-0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Mr. James
Berlow, Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Acting Section
Head, Treatment Technology Section; and Mr. Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer.
Mr. Jose Labiosa served as the project manager for K026 regulatory
development. Mr. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
a The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
- preparing this document: Mr. John Williams, Program Manager; Ms. Lori Stoll,
- 3. - • _ •
-r-•'•Project Director; and the Radian engineering team, Ms. Debra Falatko, Ms.
l&'.~.".';
Chrisanti Haretos, and Ms. Colleen Kane.
8-1
-------
9.0 REFERENCES
1. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. June, 1989.
Washington, DC.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and
the Water Pollution Control Federation. 1985. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewaster. Sixteenth Edition. Washington,
DC.: American Public Health Association.
3. USEPA. 1985. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Section 261
Waste Profiles. Two volumes. Washington, DC.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
4. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment Technology Background Document. June, 1989.
Washington, DC.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
5. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Non-confidential version of the Onsite Engineering Report of
Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Rollins Environmental
Services (TX1 Inc.. Deer Park. TX. March 11, 1988. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
6. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for K016. K018. K019. K020. K030. August, 1988. Washington,
DC.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
7. USEPA. 1981. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Identification and Listing of Hazardous Wastes under RCRA.
Subtitle C. Section 3001. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
9-1
-------
Appendix A
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
A-l
-------
Appendix A
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
The treatment performance data used to determine treatment standards
for K026 were adjusted to account for analytical interferences associated with
the chemical matrices of the samples. Generally, treatment performance data
were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a matrix spike recovery was
determined for each BOAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated
waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined for each of the above
constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (percent) for that
constituent; and (3) treatment performance data for each BOAT List constituent
detected in the untreated-or treated waste were corrected by multiplying the
reported concentration of; -each constituent by its corresponding accuracy
correction factor. The procedure for accuracy correction of the data is
described in further detail below.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of-a known amount Io£iathe same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking, minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the constitu-
ent.
A-2
-------
Matrix spike recoveries used to adjust the treatment performance
data transferred to K026 are shown in Tables A-l and A-2. Duplicate matrix
spikes were performed for some BOAT List constituents. If a duplicate matrix
spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that
constituent was the lower of the two values from the first matrix spike and
the duplicate spike. An accuracy correction factor of 1 was used when matrix
spike and duplicate matrix spike recoveries both exceeded 100%, so that the
data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent
(as is the case with nitrobenzene in RCRA Blend waste), the matrix spike
recovery for that constituent was derived from the average matrix spike
recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g., semivolatile
organics) for which recovery data were available. In this case, the matrix
spike recoveries for all semivolatiles from the first matrix spike were
averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike recovery was calculated for the
duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower of the two average matrix spike
recoveries of the semivolatile organics group was used for any semivolatile
constituents of interest for which no matrix spike was performed, in this
case, nitrobenzene. The lower average recovery for kiln ash residuals was
100%, and that for scrubber water residuals was 84%.
The accuracy correction factors used to calculate the proposed K026
treatment standards are 1.00 for nonwastewater and 1.19 for wastewater. The
A-3
-------
corrected treatment concentrations for nitrobenzene in RCRA Blend waste
nonwastewaters and wastewaters are presented in Table A-3.
A-4
-------
Table A-1
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUAL
Sample Result
Duplicate Sample Result
Spike Constituent
SEMI VOLATILE ORGAN I CS (ACID
76.
", 78.
127.
139.
142.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chlorophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol (ii
Original
Amount
Found
(ppm)
EXTRACTABLES)
<5
<2
<10
<50
<2
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
100
100
100
100
100
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
110
98
97
88
90
Percent
Recovery3
(%)
110
98
97
88
90
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
100
100
100
100
100
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
120
100
110
88
97
Percent
Recovery3
(%)
120
100
110
88
97
> SEMI VOLATILE ORGANICS ^BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
Ln
52.
88.
102.
105.
145.
150.
Acenaphthene
1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
2 , 4-Dini trotoluene
N-Nitroso-di-n-
propylamine
Pyrene
1,2, 4-Tr ichloroben-
zene :: ar %
<2
<2
<50
<5
<2
<5
..;"'\.- .
50
50
50
50
50
50
55
45
53.5
60
60
37.5
110
90
107
120
120
75
50
50
50
50
50
50
55
49.5
55
65
46
40
110
99
110
130
92
80
3Percent recovery = 100 x (Ci~Co)/Ct, where Cj = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and Ct
amount spiked.
Source: Non-confidential version of the Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation ,for Rollins Environmental Services (TX) Inc.. Deer Park, TX (Reference 5).
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Table A-2
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL
Sample Result
Duplicate Sample Result
Spike Constituent
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (ACID EXTRACTABLES)
Original
Amount
Found
(ppm)
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
Percent
Recovery3
(*)
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
Percent
Recovery3
(*)
76.
78.
127.
139.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chlorophenol
1-Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenolt; *
Phenol n c.
<2
<50
<50
<2
<2
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene
88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
102. 2,1-Dinitrotoluene
105. N-Nitroso-di-n- ;
propylamine
115. Pyrene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
<5
<2
<2
<5
<2
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
87
81
62
58
71
51
34
13
50
13
30
87
81
62
58
71
102
68
86
100
86
60
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
85
78
13
15
70
85
78
13
15
70
51
35
12
16
13
31
102
70
81
92
86
68
aPercent recovery = 100fx (Ci-Co)/Ct, where GI = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and Ct =
amount spiked.
Source: Non-confidential version of the Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation for Rollins Environmental Services (TX) Inc.. Deer Park, TX (Reference 5).
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DATA
CONSTITUENTS
BOAT List Constituent
NONWASTEWATfefiS ^
126. Nitrobenzene
WASTEWATERS
126. Nitrobenzene
: Table,A-3
:ULATE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
IN K026
Corrected Total Concentration3 in RCRA Blend
Waste Treatment Residual (ppm)
Sample Set: 1 2 3
5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying the concentration by the accuracy correction
factor (ACF) for each constituent.
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