FINAL

BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)

             BACKGROUND  DOCUMENT

                     FOR

  WASTEWATER TREATMENT SLUDGES GENERATED IN
         THE PRODUCTION OF  CREOSOTE

                    K035
                Richard Kinch
     Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
                 Jose  Labiosa
               Project Manager
     U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            Office of Solid Waste
              401 M Street,  S.W.
           Washington, D.C.  20460
                   May 1990

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                              TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                          Page

1.0       INTRODUCTION	     1-1

2.0       INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION  	     2-1

          2.1  Industry Affected and Process Description  	     2-1
          2.2  Waste Characterization 	     2-1

3.0       APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES  	     3-1

          3.1  Applicable Treatment Technologies  	     3-1
               3.1.1    Nonwastewaters	     3-1
               3.1.2    Wastewaters	     3-3
          3.2  Demonstrated Treatment Technologies  	     3-3
               3.2.1    Nonwastewaters	     3-3
               3.2.2    Wastewaters	     3-4

4.0       TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA	     4-1

5.0       IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)  5-1

          5.1  Review of Treatment Performance Data	     5-2
          5.2  Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data .  .     5-2
          5.3  BOAT for K035	     5-2
          5.4  Available Treatment Technologies 	     5-3

6.0       SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 	     6-1

          6.1  BOAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation ...     6-2
               6.1.1    BOAT List Constituents Not Detected in the
                        Untreated and Treated Wastes  	     6-2
               6.1.2    BOAT List Constituents Not Analyzed For in
                        the Untreated Waste   	     6-2
               6.1.3    BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further
                        Consideration for Regulation For Other
                        Reasons	     6-3
          6.2  BOAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation 	     6-3
               6.2.1    Nonwastewaters	     6-4
               6.2.2    Wastewaters	     6-5

7.0       CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS	     7-1

8.0       ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	     8-1

9.0       REFERENCES	     9-1

          APPENDIX A - Summary of Treatment Performance Data for
                       Organic Constituents Regulated in K035
                       Wastewaters	     A-l

          APPENDIX B - Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance
                       Data	     B-l

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                                LIST OF TABLES

                                                                        Page

1-1       BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K035 - NONWASTEWATERS	  1-4

1-2       BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K035 - WASTEWATERS	  1-5

2-1       FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE K035, BY LOCATION AND EPA REGION.  2-3

2-2       K035 CHARACTERIZATION DATA 	 2-4

4-1       WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED BY EPA 	 4-3

4-2       ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K087 COLLECTED PRIOR TO
          TREATMENT BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION 	 4-4

4-3       ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR KILN ASH GENERATED BY ROTARY KILN
          INCINERATION OF K087	 . 4-6

4-4       OPERATING DATA FOR THE K087 INCINERATION TEST	 4-8

6-1       STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035	 6-7

6-2       BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN
          K035 NONWASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER AFTER INITIAL SCREENING  	 6-14

6-3       BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K035
          NONWASTEWATERS	 6-15

6-4       BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K035
          WASTEWATERS	 6-16

7-1       CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS REGULATED
          IN K035 - NONWASTEWATERS	 7-4
                                      ii

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                                LIST  OF  FIGURES
                                                                          Page

2-1       FLOW DIAGRAM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT DURING THE PRODUCTION
          OF CREOSOTE	 2-4
                                      iii

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1.0       INTRODUCTION

          The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) is
establishing best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) treatment standards
for the listed hazardous waste identified in Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations. Section 261.32 (40 CFR 261.32) as K035,  wastewater treatment
sludges generated in the production of creosote.  These BDAT treatment
standards are being established in accordance with the amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984.  BDAT
treatment standards will be effective no later than May 8, 1990, and on and
after the effective date, compliance with these BDAT treatment standards will
be a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of the waste in land
disposal units.

          This background document provides the Agency's rationale and techni-
cal support for selecting constituents for regulation in K03S and for
developing treatment standards for these constituents.  The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a basis for determining
whether a variance from a treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K035 that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were ana-
lyzed in developing treatment standards for K035.

          The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology
for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).

          Under 40 CFR 261.32, wastes identified as K035 are listed as
wastewater treatment sludges generated in the production of creosote.  The
four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code associated with the
production of creosote is 2865 (Industrial Organic Chemicals:  cyclic crudes,
cyclic intermediates, dyes, and organic pigments).  The Agency estimates that
there are eight domestic facilities that may generate K035.
                                      1-1

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          The Agency is regulating twelve organic constituents in
nonwastewater forms of K035 and nine organic constituents in wastewater forms
of K035.  To determine the applicability of the treatment standards,
wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total
suspended solids1  (TSS)  and less  than 1%  (weight basis)  total  organic  carbon
(TOG).   Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as nonwastewaters
and must comply with nonwastewater treatment standards.

          The Agency does not have any performance data for treatment of K035.
Treatment performance tests for this waste have not been pursued because the
Agency believes that adequate treatment performance data are available from
similar wastes previously tested by the BDAT Land Disposal Restrictions
Program.  Therefore, treatment performance data were transferred to K035 from
a previously tested waste.  For nonwastewater forms of K035, BDAT treatment
standards are based on treatment performance data transferred from
incineration of K087.  For wastewater forms of K035, BDAT treatment standards
are based on wastewater treatment performance data transferred from wastes
judged to be similar.  The Agency prefers, whenever possible,  to use
wastewater treatment data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater
treatment units rather than to base wastewater treatment standards on
constituent concentrations in incinerator scrubber water.  EPA has compiled a
database of wastewater treatment data for use in establishing treatment
standards for wastewater forms of U and P wastes and multi-source leachate.
These data, compiled from a variety of sources, were transferred on a
constituent-by-constituent basis to K035 organic constituents.

          The tables at the end of this section list the BDAT treatment
standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K035.  These treatment
standards are based on the total concentration of each constituent in the
waste.   The units used for total constituent concentration of organic
constituents are mg/kg (parts per million on a weight-by-weight basis) for
     'The term "total suspended  solids"  (TSS)  clarifies  EPA's previously used
terminology  of "total solids" and "filterable solids."   Specifically,  total
suspended solids  is  measured by Method  209C  (total  suspended solids dried at
103-105°C)  in  Standard  Methods  for  the  Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Sixteenth Edition  (Reference 2).
                                      1-2

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K035 nonwastewaters, and mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis)
for K035 wastewaters.  If the concentrations of the constituents regulated in
K035 nonwastewaters and wastewaters, as generated, are lower than or are equal
to the treatment standards, then treatment of the waste would not be required
prior to "land disposal," as defined by 40 CFR Part 268.

          This background document presents waste-specific information on the
number and locations of facilities that may be affected by the land disposal
restrictions for K035, the processes generating this waste, the waste charac-
terization data, the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes,
if any), and the treatment performance data on which the treatment standards
are based (Sections 2.0 - 4.0).  This document also explains how EPA
determines BOAT, selects constituents to be regulated, and calculates treat-
ment standards (Sections 5.0 - 7.0).
                                      1-3

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                                   Table  1-1

                       BOAT  TREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR K035

                                NONWASTEWATERS
                      Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
                                                  Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent                             	(rag/kg)	

 52. Acenaphthene                                          3.4

 57. Anthracene                                            3.4

 59. Benz(a)anthracene                                     3.4

 62. Benzo(a)pyrene                                        3.4

 80. Chrysene                                              3.4

 83. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                                 3.4

108. Fluoranthene                                          3.4

109. Fluorene                                              3.4

116. Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene                                3.4

121. Naphthalene                                           3.4

141. Phenanthrene                                          3.4

145. Pyrene                                                8.2
                                       1-4

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                                  Table  1-2

                       BOAT TREATMENT  STANDARDS FOR K035

                                 WASTEWATERS
                      Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
                                                  Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent                             	(mg/1)	

142. Phenol                                               0.039
                   Maximum for  Any  24-Hour  Composite  Sample
                                                  Total Concentration
BOAT List Constituent                             	(mg/1)	

 59. Benz(a)anthracene                                    0.059

 80. Chrysene                                             0.059

 81. o-Cresol                                             0.11

 82. m,p-Cresola                                          0.77

108. Fluoranthene                                         0.068

121. Naphthalene                                          0.059

141. Phenanthrene                                         0.059

145. Pyrene                                               0.067
 "The treatment standard is expressed as the sum of the meta- and para-cresol
  isomers because these isomers are difficult to distinguish analytically.

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2.0       INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

          This section describes the industries that may be affected by the
land disposal restrictions for K035, the processes generating the waste, and
the available waste characterization data.  All tables and figures are
presented at the end of this section.

2.1       Industry Affected and Process Description

          Under 40 CFR Part 261.32, K035 is defined as wastewater treatment
sludges generated in the production of creosote.  The Agency estimates that
there are approximately eight potential generators of this waste.  Table 2-1
lists the potential generators by location and EPA region.

          Creosote is produced by the distillation of coal tar.  (Coal tar is
a product of the high-temperature carbonization of bituminous coal.)  A
generic process diagram is shown in Figure 2-1.  During the distillation of
coal tar, water is boiled off, and then condensed.  The condensed water is
typically sent to an oil/water separator, with the water fraction going to a
wastewater treatment unit and the oil and sludge commonly recycled.  The
wastewaters are commonly treated by solar evaporation or by biological treat-
ment or aeration followed by clarification.  Sludge from the wastewater
treatment unit is the listed waste stream K035.

2.2       Waste Characterization

          Available data sources (References 3 and 4) indicate the following
general composition for K035:

          Constituent                          Concentration (%)
          Volatile organics                           1.5
          Naphthalene                                15
          Semivolatile organics (other than          28.5
            naphthalene)
          Water                                      50
          Other                                       5
                                     Total:         100%
                                      2-1

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Specific waste characterization data are presented in Table 2-2.   These data

are for K035 samples that were collected by EPA in April and May,  1989,

(Reference 4) and represent three forms of K035:


          •    Bottom oil layer from oil/water separation of creosote manufac-
               turing wastewater (K035-1);

          •    Sludge from a clarifier downstream from oil/water separation
               and biological treatment of creosote manufacturing wastewater
               (K035-2); and

          •    Sludge from solar evaporation of creosote manufacturing waste-
               water (i.e., the bottom layer from the evaporation tank).
                                      2-2

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                                  Table 2-1

        FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE K035, BY LOCATION AND EPA REGION
     Facility/Location                                  EPA Region

   Aristech Chemical Corporation
     Clairton, PA                                          III

   Koppers Company, Inc.
     Cicero, IL                                            V
     Dolomite, AL                                          IV
     Follansbee, WV                                        III
     Houston, TX                                           VI
     Portland, OR                                          X

   Reilly Industries
     Granite City, IL                                      V
     Provo, UT                                             VIII
Source:  References 3 and 4.
                                       2-3

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NJ
Coal Tar


Distil-
lation
Column
— *• Oils
— *" Creosote
— *• Pitch



Oil/Water
Separator
1
Wastewater


Wastewater
Treatment
Unit
1
Water
to
or
Disposal
                                       Oil and Sludge
                                       to Recycle or
                                       Waste Disposal
K035
                       Figure  2-1.   Flow Diagram for Wastewater Treatment
                                During  the  Production  of Creosote

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                                   Table  2-2

                          K035 CHARACTERIZATION DATA
BOAT List
Constituent
  Concentration in Untreated Waste (ppnO
K035-1            K035-2            K035-3
VOLATILES

  4.  Benzene
  8.  Carbon disulfide
226.  Ethylbenzene
228.  Methanol
 38.  Methylene chloride
 39.  Pyridine
 43.  Toluene
215.-217. Total Xylenes

SEMIVOLATILES

 51.  Acenaphthalene
 52.  Acenaphthene
 57.  Anthracene
 59.  Benzo(a)anthracene
 60.  Benzenethiol
 62.  Benzo(a)pyrene
 63.  Benzo(b)fluoranthene
 64.  Benzo(ghi)perylene
 65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 80.  Chrysene
 81.  ortho-Cresol
 82.  para-Cresol
 83.  Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
 96.  2,4-Dimethylphenol
 3,700
    ND
 1,100
     9.7
    ND
   610
 8,700
 2,000
 7,600
18,000
10,000
   ,400
    ND
   ,400
   ,300
   ,100
   ,700
   ,800
   ,300
 4,100
 2,600
 2,600
ND
 0.053
 0.027
ND
 0.026
ND
 0.35
 0.018
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
 7.6
 7.4
 3.6
 4.5
ND
ND
19
ND
ND
  4.5
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
  9.3
  3.2
  9
 32
 38
 19
 19
  6
  7
 ND
  7
 22
 31
160
 ND
  7
ND  - Not detected.

Note:  K035-1 represents an oil/water separator bottom oil layer, K035-2
       represents an oil/water  separation and biological treatment clarifier
       sludge, and K035-3 represents an evaporator tank bottom layer.  All
       three of  these  samples are  the listed waste K035.

Source:  Reference 4.
                                       2-5

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                             Table  2-2  (Continued)

                          K035 CHARACTERIZATION DATA
BOAT List
Constituent

SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)

108.  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
116.  Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
121.  Naphthalene
141.  Phenanthrene
142.  Phenol
145.  Pyrene
146.  Resorcinol
    Concentration  in Untreated Waste (ppm)
  K035-1           K035-2            K035-3
   21,000
   17,000
    1,100
  220,000
   50,000
    4,000
   19,000
      ND
                 ND
                 ND
                  4.6
                 ND
                 ND
                 ND
                 ND
                 ND
                  76
                  43
                  ND
                 370
                 150
                 510
                  64
                  21
METALS

155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (hexavalent)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
164. Selenium
166. Thallium
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
ND
  C
ND
  1
ND
ND
 1.61
 0.2
 ND
 1.22
)
 0.6
)
 1.32
ND
 0.61
 0.21
)
 3.35
 0.44
 5.19
ND
 1.59
 2.11
ND
 1.98
 0.49
 2.87
ND
 1.74
 0.13
 1.55
 3.22
  4.4
108
  0.2
  3.77
 20.8
  0.28
315
 47
134
516
 ND
  0.55
  9.92
 61.6
INORGANICS

169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
ND
  2.42
  46
                 23.7
                 80.1
                 43
               1,080
                  ND
                 291
ND  - Not detected.

Note:   K035-1  represents  an oil/water  separator bottom oil  layer,  K035-2
        represents  an oil/water separation  and biological  treatment clarifier
        sludge,  and K035-3 represents an evaporator  tank bottom layer.   All
        three of these samples  are  the  listed waste  K035.

Source:  Reference  4.
                                         2-6

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3.0       APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

          This section discusses the technologies that are applicable for
treatment of K035 nonwastewaters and wastewaters and determines which, if any,
of the applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose
of establishing BOAT.  A discussion of applicable and demonstrated
technologies for treatment of constituents in K035 wastewaters is provided in
EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document
for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039),  Volume A (Reference 8).

          To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection.  (Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technol-
ogy Background Document (Reference 5).)  To be demonstrated, a technology must
be employed in full-scale operation for treatment of the waste in question or
a similar waste.  Technologies available only at pilot- or bench-scale opera-
tions are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.

3.1       Applicable Treatment Technologies

          Since nonwastewater forms of K035 consist primarily of organic
compounds (as shown  in Section 2.0), applicable treatment technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in
the waste.

3.1.1     Nonwastewaters

          The Agency has identified the following technologies as potentially
applicable for treatment of K035 nonwastewaters:  (1) incineration (fluidized-
bed and rotary kiln); (2) solvent extraction followed by incineration or
recycle of the extract; and (3) critical fluid extraction followed by recycle
or incineration of the contaminated solvents.  Total recycle or reuse has also
been identified as an applicable treatment technology for K035 nonwastewaters.
                                      3-1

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These treatment technologies were identified based on current waste treatment
practices and engineering judgment.

          Incineration.  Incineration is a destruction technology in which
energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to destabilize
chemical bonds and destroy organic constituents.  In a fluidized-bed incinera-
tor, waste is injected into the fluidized-bed material (generally sand and/or
incinerator ash), where it is heated to its ignition temperature.  Heat energy
from the combustion reactions is then transferred back to the fluidized bed.
Ash is removed periodically during operation and during bed change-outs.

          In a rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end
of the kiln, and the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to
heat the waste to its ignition temperature.  Ash is removed from the lower end
of the kiln.  Combustion gases from the kiln enter the afterburner for com-
plete destruction of organic waste constituents.  Other wastes may also be
injected into the afterburner.

          Combustion gases from the fluidized-bed or kiln afterburner are then
fed to a scrubber system for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and
acid gases, if present.  In general, two residuals are generated by incinera-
tion processes:  ash and scrubber water.

          Solvent Extraction.  Solvent extraction is a separation technology
in which organics are removed from the waste due to greater constituent
solubility in the solvent phase than in the waste phase.  This technology
results in the generation of two treatment residuals:  a treated waste resid-
ual and an extract.  The extract may be recycled or may be further treated by
incineration.

          Critical Fluid Extraction.  Critical fluid extraction is a solvent
extraction technology  in which the solvent is brought to its critical state to
aid in the extraction of organic constituents from the wastes.  After the
extraction step, the solvent (liquified gas at its critical state) is brought
to  its normal condition in  the gaseous state and generates a small volume of

                                      3-2

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extract that is concentrated in organic constituents.  This technology results
in the generation of two treatment residuals:  a treated waste and an extract.
The extract may be recycled or may be further treated by incineration.

          Total Recycle or Reuse.  Total recycle or reuse of a waste in the
same process or another process eliminates the generation of the waste and
generates no treatment residuals.

3.1.2     Wastewaters

          Applicable treatment technologies for constituents in K035
wastewaters are discussed in Section 3.0 of EPA's Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 8).

3.2       Demonstrated Treatment Technologies

          Technologies that are demonstrated for treatment of K035
nonwastewaters and wastewaters are discussed in the subsections below.

3.2.1     Nonwastewaters

          The Agency is aware of two facilities that recycle K035
nonwastewaters.  Total recycle is therefore demonstrated for K035
nonwastewaters.  However, EPA does not believe that this technology may be
applicable to all forms of K035.  Organic wastes, including wastes judged to
be similar to K035, are commonly incinerated by industry.  Because
incineration is demonstrated for wastes judged to be similar to K035, such as
K001 and K087, incineration is considered to be demonstrated for K035.  The
Agency is not aware of any other technologies that are demonstrated for
treatment of K035.
                                      3-3

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3.2.2     Wastewaters

          Demonstrated treatment technologies for constituents in K035
wastewaters are discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 8).  Additionally, the Agency is aware of
one facility that treats K035 by biological treatment after mixing it with
other wastes generated at the facility.
                                      3-4

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4.0       TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA

          This section presents the treatment performance data that were used
to develop treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of K035.  The
performance data used to develop treatment standards for constituents in
wastewater forms of K035 are presented in EFA's Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and F Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 8).  These data are also
summarized in Appendix A of this background document.

          Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data from a demon-
strated technology that treats a similar waste or wastes.  EPA's methodology
for the transfer of treatment performance data is provided in EPA's Methodol-
ogy for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).   Transfer of
treatment performance data is technically valid in cases where the untested
wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing steps, or
have similar waste characteristics affecting treatment selection and perfor-
mance to those of the tested wastes.

          The Agency does not have any treatment performance data for treat-
ment of K035 nonwastewaters.  However, treatment performance data were
available from other wastes previously tested by EPA and were transferred to
develop treatment standards for K035.  Sources of treatment performance data
for potential transfer to K035 included wastes previously tested by
incineration (including rotary kiln and fluidized-bed).  These technologies
were identified as applicable and demonstrated for treatment of these wastes,
as discussed in Section 3.0.

          Previous incineration tests conducted by the Agency are listed in
Table 4-1 at the end of this section.  EPA examined the wastes incinerated in
these tests to identify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of
treatment performance data to K035 nonwastewaters.  Specifically, EPA examined
(1) whether the untested K035 is generated from a similar industry or
                                      4-1

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processing step, and (2) whether the waste has similar waste characteristics
affecting treatment performance as do the previously tested wastes.

          Although they are not generated by the same industry as K035, wastes
included in Tests 1, 2, and 8 are generated in the form of sludges from
separation technologies, as is K035.  Wastes included in Tests 2 and 8 are
also generated during the production or use of coke by-products, similar to
K035.

          As discussed in the Treatment Technology Background Document (Refer-
ence 5),  waste characteristics that affect treatment performance for inciner-
ation include the thermal conductivity of the waste and the boiling points and
bond dissociation energies of the constituents of concern.  The wastes
incinerated in Tests 1 and 2 had 5 constituents in common with K035, while the
waste incinerated in Test 8, K087, had 12 constituents in common with K035.
The constituents detected in K035 have the same or similar boiling points and
bond dissociation energies as those in K087.  Since these constituents were at
the same or higher concentrations in K087, it is expected that K087 and K035
will show comparable treatment performance.

          Based on the similarities discussed above, treatment standards for
constituents being regulated in K035 nonwastewaters were developed based on
treatment performance data transferred from rotary kiln incineration of K087
in Test 8.

          Table 4-2 presents the BDAT List constituents detected in the
untreated K087 collected by EPA from the rotary kiln incineration treatment
test of K087.  Table 4-3 presents the BDAT List constituents detected in the
kiln ash residual.  Design and operating data for the rotary kiln and
secondary combustor are presented in Table 4-4.  Additional details of this
test may be found in the Onsite Engineering Report for K087 (Reference 6).
                                      4-2

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                                   Table 4-1

               WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION AND SAMPLED  BY  EPA
Test Number

     1

     2

     3

     4

     5

     6

     7

     8

     9

    10

    11

    12

    13


    14
   Waste Code(s)

K001-Pentachlorophenol

KOOl-Creosote

K011, K013, K014

K019

K024

K037

K048, K051

K087

K101

K102

F024

K015

D014, D016, P059",
U127a,  and U192a

U141a,  U028a,  P020a,
U112",  U226a,  U239a,
U080",  U220",  U1668,
U161",  and U188"
Treatment Technology Used

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Fluidized-bed incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Rotary kiln incineration

Liquid injection incineration

Rotary kiln incineration


Rotary kiln incineration
"Commercial chemical products were used in these test burns as surrogates  for
 these wastes.
                                         4-3

-------
                         Table 4-2

          ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K087
COLLECTED PRIOR TO  TREATMENT BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
                                       Concentration
Constituent/parameter (units)
BOAT Volatile Organ ics (mg/kg)
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Xy lenes
BOAT Semi volatile Organ ics (mg/kg)
Acenaphtha lene
Anthracene
Benz ( a ) ant hracene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benro(k ) f luoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Chrysene
para-Cresol
F luoranthene
Fluorene
I ndeno ( 1 . 2 . 3 -cd ) py rene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
BOAT Metals (mq/kg)d
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc . •

1

17
<2.0
17
2}

11000
7500
5700
3200
3100
4100
5100
1600
11000
7600
2100
64000
34000
1600
9100

<2.0
6.1
<20
<0.5
1.7
<2.0
3.2
85
2.9
<4.0
1.2
<5.0
2.7
<5.0
63

2

19
<2.1
17
23

12000
8100
5900
<1010
7500
4300
5300
1600
12000
7900
2500
66000
34000
1500
5900

<2.0
6.1
<20
<0.5
2.1
<2.0
4.5
80
3.6
4.6
1.6
<5.0
2.3
<5.0
63
Sample Set 1
3

5.6
<2.0
5.0
3.0

10000
7100
5600
3100
3100
4100
5100
1300
11000
7000
2300
64000
15000
1200
8000

<2.0
5.5
<20
<0.5
2.1
<2.0
3.2
72
3.8
<4.0
1.3
<5.0
2.2
<5.0
58

4

212
<10
152
123

13000
8100
7500
<982
9300
5400
6500
1900
<982
9300
3100
81000
41000
1800
9700

<2.0
1.9
<20
<0.5
1.7
<2.0
<2.5
64
4.2
<4.0
1.4
<5.0
2.1
<5.0
50

5

170
<10
130
121

10000
6700
5400
5300
<1026
3800
4700
1200
11000
7000
2100
63000
15000
1200
8100

<2.0
5.2
<20
<0.5
1.9
<2.0
2.6
69
3.3
<4.C
1.2
<5.0
2.2
<5.0
66
                               4-4

-------
                                    Table  4-2  (Continued)

                          ANALYTICAL RESULTS  FOR UNTREATED  K087
              COLLECTED PRIOR  TO TREATMENT  BY ROTARY KILN INCINERATION

                                                             Concentration
Constituent/parameter (units)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals (ng/kg)
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulf ide
Non-BDAT Volatile Organ ics (rag/kg)
Styrene
Non-BDAT Sanwolatile Organ ics (mg/kg)
Dibcnzofuran
2-Methylnaphthalene
Other Parameters
Ash content (X)

1

22.8
0.38
323

12

5300
7000

2.9
Heating value (Btu/lb) 15095
Percent water (X)
Total halogens as chlorine (X)
Total organic carbon (X)
Total organic ha 1 ides (mg/kg)
Total solids (X)b
Viscosity0
Elemental constituents (X)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
5.70
0.033
83.67
27.0
87.7
-

83.80
5.62
1.13
9.13

2

18.2
-
320

12

5600
6900

3.4
14898
10.31
0.023
76.38
28.0
90.5
-

81.90
5.14
1.06
11.94
Sample Set 1
3

21.1
-
275

3.4

5200
6300

9.7
14823
11.26
0.026
84.27
29.3
91.1
-

84.01
5.27
1.03
10.25

4

22.0
-
293

26

6800
9400

3.7
15336
7.72
0.045
79.10
87.7
89.7
-

66.36
6.46
0.82
26.59

5

17.9
0.18
302

71

5000
6200

2.7
14959
6.60
0.057
85.57
25.8
86.5
-

77.54
5.97
0.96
15.71
- * Not analyzed.
NO = Not detected: estimated detection limit has not been determined.

Note:  This table shows the concentrations at which constituent* were quantified or expected to be present
in the treated wast* for all constituents detected in the untreated waste.
aResults have been reported on a wet weight oasis.
 Total solids results are biased low because of test complications arising from waste matrix.
cBecause of the high concentration of solids in the waste,  viscosity values could not be determined.

Source:    BOAT  Background Document for K.087  (Reference  7).

                                                  4-5

-------
                   Table 4-3

ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR KILN ASH GENERATED  BY
      ROTARY  KILN INCINERATION OF K087
                               Concentration
Constituent/parameter (units)
BOAT Volatile Organ ics (itg/kg)
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
To lucne
Xy lenes
BOAT Semi volatile Organ ics (pg/kg)
Acenaphtha lene
Anthracene
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo( b) f luoranthene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
Benzol a Jpyrene
Chrysene
para-Cresol
F luoranthene
Fluorene
I ndeno( 1.2. 3-cd )pyrene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
BOAT Metals (mg/kg)
Ant imony
•
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadnium
Chroniun
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Samolc Set 1
1

<25
<25
ISO
<25

<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000

<3.2
9.9
317
0.60
<0.40
34
746
44
<0.10
10
1.4
<0.60
<1.0
17
50
2

<25
<25
85
<25

<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
•OOOO
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000 .

<2.0
11
56
<0.5
<1.0
5.2
44
8.2
2.8
<4.0
1.6
<5.0
<1.0
9.7
13
3

<25
<25
<25
<25

<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000

<2.0
6.7
53
<0.5
<1.0
2.2
43
8.3
2.9
<4.0
<0.50
<5.0
<1.0
6.6
13
4

<25
<25
<25
<25

<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
'1000
<1000
<1000
<1000

<2.0
12
41
<0.5
<1.0
2.1
50
5.9
3.3
<4.0
5.9
<5.0
<1.0
8.1
12
5

<25
<25
190
<25

<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000
<1000

<3.2
5.3
63
0.36
<0.40
7.6
94
7.2
<0.1
4.5
<0.5
<6.0
<1.0
10
21
                        4-6

-------
                              Table 4-3 (Continued)

                  ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR KILN ASH GENERATED BY
                        ROTARY KILN INCINERATION OF K087

                                                Concentration
Constituent/parameter (units)

BOAT TCLP: Metals Uq/1)
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium •
S i Iver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals (ag/kg)
Cyanide
Tluonde
Sulfide
Non-BDAT Volatile Organics («q/kq)
Styrene
Non-BDAT Semivolati le Orqanics (pa/kg )
Dibenzofuran
?-Methylnaphthalene
Other Parameters (mg/kg)
Total organic carbon
Total chlorides
Total organic ha 1 ides

1

425
96
609
3.3
<4.0
62
<6.0
29
<0.2
93
<50
<6.0
<10
<30
169

0.74
<1.0
35.5

<25

<1000
<1000

350000
9.7
375

2

<20
33
344
<5.0
<10
<70
52
40
<0.30
<40
7.3
<50
<10
<50
202

<0.50
-
36.3

<2S

<1000
<1000

553000
6.8
18.3
Sample Set f
3

<20
25
547
<5.0
<10
<20
1110
53
<0.30
<40
<5.0
<50
<10
<50
218

<0.50
-
144

<2S

<1000
<1000

402000
14.1
32.1

4

<20
19
641
<5.0
<10
<20
346
20
<0.30
<40
<5.0
<50
<10
<50
288

<0.50
-
116


-------
                                                                           Table  4-4

                                                   OPERATING  DATA FOR  THE K087 INCINERATION  TEST
                                     Temperature  (°F)*
                                                                                           Emlss ions*

Kiln Scrubber Feed
Sample Set/ Rotational Effluent Rate' 0, CO, CO" THC
Date/Time Speed (rum) Kiln Afterburner Water (Ib/hr) (X vol) (X vol) (DDR)) (ppra)
Target
Value* 0.2 1.800 2,150 <180 105 6-8 -- <1000 0
Sample
Set fl
8/25/87 0.2 1,400-2,000 1,950-2,150 165-170 77 0-19 7.0->10 0->100 -'
840-1510
Sample
Set 12
8/25/87 0.2 1,600-2,000 1,850-2,150 143-170 80 0-18 6.4->10 0->100 -'
1410-1825
(Scrubber
Effluent
Water Data)
Sample
Set 12
8/26/87 0.2 1,350-1,875 1,925-2,150 165-170 97 0-13 3.8->10 0->100 0->10*
1020-1300
(Kiln Ash
Data)
Scrubber
Pressure Scrubber Effluent
Drop Venturi Effluent Water Flow
(In H,O) Water ph Rate (gpm)

20 7.0-8.0 1.5

9-17» 6.9-7.8 1.5



7-14' 7.0-7.5 1.5






7-22" 7.0-7.6 1.5



'Kiln and afterburner temperatures presented on this  table  are minimum and maximum values according  to  the  data  logger  strip charts, which are presented in Figures
 C-l through C-5 In Appendix C of the BOAT Background Document for K087 (Reference 7).  Note that  the thermocouples connected to the American Combustion printer are
 used by the controller for adjusting operating conditions.

"The minimum 0, and maximum CO values  typically correspond to periods of flameout  In  the  kiln and/or afterburner.  See Figures B,  C,  and D (In Appendix C of the BOAT
 Background Document for K087 (Reference 7» for strip charts showing continuous emissions monitoring (CEM)  of O,, CO,,  and  CO,  respectively.

c Includes weight of fiber drum packaging (1.1 pounds  per drum) and weight of waste (approximately  3.5 pounds per drum).  Waste  feed rate alone was targeted at 80
 Ibs/hr.

"Upper end of detection limit for CO was raised from  100 ppra on August 25 and 26 to 2000 ppm on August  28 by switching  to another strip chart recorder.

'The targeted values represent the optimum operating  conditions to provide the most effective treatment  for hazardous organic constituents.  EPA recognizes that
 during normal operation, these optimum conditions  cannot be sustained at all times.   EPA will  determine whether the treatment  system has been adequately operated
 based on the magnitude and duration of the fluctuations from the targeted values.

'THC analyzer was down for  repairs.

9 Needle readout failed during the test burn; operator speculated that pressure drop was in reality 20 In H,0 on 8/25 and 8/26.   Operator recorded values from a
 second readout located in the bay area on 8/28.

"The analyzer registered four sharp peaks  on 8/26 at  approximately 1025, 1028, 1100 and 1140 and one sharp peak  on 8/28 at approximately 0959.

Source:   BOAT Background Document  for  K087  (Reference  7).

-------
                                                                   Table  4-4  (Continued)

                                                   OPERATING  DATA  FOR THE K087 INCINERATION  TEST
                                     Temperature  (°F)'
                                                                                           Emissions"
Sample Set/
Date/Time
Target
Value*
Sample
Set 13
8/28/87
950-1415
Sample
Set 14
8/28/87
Kiln
Rotational
Speed (rpm)
0.2
0.2
0.2
Scrubber
Effluent
Kiln Afterburner Water
1,800 2,150 <180
1,675-2,000 1,900-2,150 165-170
1,625-2,000 2,050-2,150 165-170
Feed
Rate' 0, CO,
(Ib/hr) (X vol) (X vol)
105 6-8
89 0-14 5.4->10
87 2-12 6.8->10
CO"
(ppm)
<1000
0-1500
0-800
Pressure Scrubber
TEC Drop Venturi Effluent
(ppm) (in H,O) Water ph
0 20 7.0-8.0
0->10" 20 7.2
0 20 7.2
Scrubber
Effluent
Water Flow
Rate (Rom)
1.5
1.5
1.5
 1315-1650

 Sample
 Set 15
 8/28/87
 1550-1825       0.2
                          1,725-2.050  2,125-2,175  165-170
                                                                    90
                                                                             4-12       6.4->10      0-360
                                                                                                                               20
                                                                                                                                          7.2
                                                                                                                                                        1.5
* Kiln  and afterburner temperatures presented on this  table  are minimum and maximum values according to  the data logger strip charts, which are presented in Figures
  C-l through C-5 In Appendix C of the BOAT Background Document for K087 (Reference 7).  Note that the thermocouples connected to the American Combustion printer are
  used  by the controller for adjusting operating conditions.

"The minimum 0, and maximum CO values  typically correspond to periods of flameout  in the  kiln and/or afterburner.   See Figures  B,  C,  and D (in Appendix  C of the BOAT
  Background Document for K087 (Reference 7)) for  strip charts showing continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) of 0,,  CO,, and CO, respectively.

' Includes weight of fiber drum packaging (1.1 pounds  per  drum) and weight of waste (approximately 3.5 pounds per drum).  Waste feed rate alone was targeted at  80
  Ibs/hr.

'Upper end of detection limit for CO was raised from  100  ppm on August 25 and 26 to 2000 ppm on August  28 by switching to another strip chart recorder.

'The targeted values represent the optimum operating  conditions to provide the most effective  treatment for hazardous organic constituents.  EPA recognlres that
  during normal operation, these optimum conditions  cannot be sustained at all times.  EPA will  determine whether the treatment system has  been adequately operated
  based on the magnitude and duration of the fluctuations  from the targeted values.

*THC  analyzer was down for repairs.

' Needle readout failed during the test burnt  operator speculated that pressure drop was In reality 20 in H,0 on 8/25 and  8/26.  Operator recorded values from a
  second readout located in the bay area on 8/28.

"The analyzer registered four sharp peaks on 8/26 at  approximately 1025, 1028, 1100 and 1140 and one sharp peak on 8/28 at approximately 0959.

Source:  BOAT  Background Document  for  K087  (Reference  7).

-------
5.0       IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)

          This section discusses technologies that are available for treatment
of K035 nonwastewaters and identifies BOAT for K035 nonwastewaters.
Technologies that are available for treatment of the constituents in K035
wastewaters and the technologies identified as BOAT for these constituents are
discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039),
Volume A (Reference 8).

          To determine BOAT, the Agency examines all available treatment
performance data on technologies that are identified as demonstrated for the
waste of concern, or for a waste similar to the waste of concern, to evaluate
whether one or more of the technologies performs significantly better than the
others.  If data are available for only one technology for treating a waste,
then that technology is "best."  When data are available for more than one
treatment technology, the "best" performing treatment technology is determined
by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.  (The ANOVA test is discussed in
EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards  (Reference 1).)

          The treatment technology that is found to perform best on a
particular waste stream is then evaluated to determine whether it is
"available."  To be available, the technology must (1) not be a proprietary or
patented process that cannot be purchased or licensed from the proprietor
(i.e., it must be commercially available), and (2) substantially diminish the
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration of
hazardous constituents from the waste.  In determining whether treatment is
substantial, EPA may consider data on a treatment technology's performance on
a waste similar to the waste in question, provided that the similar waste is
at least as difficult to treat.  If it is determined that the best performing
treatment technology is not available, then the next best technology is
evaluated to determine whether it is "available."
                                      5-1

-------
5.1       Review of Treatment Performance Data

          The available treatment performance data (presented in Section 4.0)
were reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent operation of a
well-designed and well-operated system, whether sufficient quality
assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the
data, and whether the appropriate measures of performance were used to assess
the performance of the particular treatment technology.

          The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the test of rotary kiln incineration of K087 (Reference 6)
were reviewed for the points described above.  The appropriate measure of
performance (total constituent concentration) was used to assess the treatment
system.  Additionally, the Agency had no reason to believe that this treatment
system was not well-designed and well-operated, or that insufficient analyti-
cal quality assurance/quality control measures were employed in generating
treatment performance data.

5.2       Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data

          In cases where the Agency has treatment performance data from more
than one technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as the analysis of
variance (ANOVA) test (discussed in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 1)), to determine if one technology performs
significantly better than the rest.  For K035 nonwastewaters, the Agency has
treatment performance data for only one treatment technology; therefore, an
ANOVA comparison is not appropriate.

5.3       BOAT for K035

          As discussed above, incineration has been determined to be
demonstrated and available.  Because the Agency does not have treatment
performance data for any other technologies for treating nonwastewater forms
of K035 or similar wastes, this treatment technology is the best.  Therefore,
the bfc.st demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for K035 nonwastewaters has

                                      5-2

-------
been determined to be incineration.  In addition, this BOAT technology does
not preclude a facility from utilizing recycle or reuse operations in
accordance with 40 CFR Part 261.  Also, it does not preclude the use of other
treatment technologies that can achieve the treatment standards.

5.4       Available Treatment Technologies

          The best technology for treatment of K035 nonwastewaters,
incineration, is considered to be commercially available.  Furthermore, the
Agency has determined that this technology provides substantial treatment of
K087, and therefore will provide substantial treatment of nonwastewater forms
of K035.  Consequently, this technology is considered available for treatment
of K035 nonwastewaters.
                                      5-3

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6.0       SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS

          The Agency has developed a list of hazardous constituents (the BDAT
Constituent List, presented in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment
Standards (Reference 1)) from which constituents to be regulated are selected.
EPA may revise this list as additional data and information become available.
The list is divided into the following categories:   volatile organics, semi-
volatile organics, metals, inorganics other than metals, organochlorine pesti-
cides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),  and dioxins and furans.  This section
presents the rationale for the selection of constituents being regulated in
wastewater and nonwastewater forms of K035.

          Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:

          (1)  The constituent must be on the BDAT List of regulated constitu-
               ents.  Presence on the BOAT List means that EPA-approved
               methods exist for analysis of the constituent in treated waste
               matrices.
          (2)  The constituent must be present in.  or be suspected of being
               present  in. the untreated waste.  For example, in some cases,
               analytical difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a con-
               stituent from being identified in the untreated waste, but its
               identification in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to
               conclude that it is present in the untreated waste.

          From a  group of constituents that are eligible for regulation
because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents
that  represent the broader group.  For example, from a group of constituents
that  react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation only
those constituents that (1) are the most difficult to treat, based on waste
characteristics affecting treatment performance; (2) are representative of
other constituents in the waste, based on structural similarities; and/or (3)
are present in the untreated waste in the highest concentrations.  Selecting  a
subset of constituents  for regulation is done to facilitate implementation of
the compliance and enforcement program.
                                      6-1

-------
          The Agency initially considered all constituents on the BDAT List
for regulation.  Available K035 characterization data for all BDAT List
constituents are summarized in Table 6-1.  (All tables are presented at the
end of Section 6.0.)  When data are available for more than one sample set, a
range of detected concentrations is shown in the table for all constituents
quantified in the untreated K035.  Constituents for which analytical results
were not quantified at or above the detection limits are identified by the
notation "ND" (not detected).   Constituents for which no analysis was per-
formed are identified by "NA"  (not analyzed).

6.1       BDAT List Constituents Not Selected for Regulation

          The Agency is not regulating all of the BDAT List constituents
initially considered for regulation.  As discussed further below, a BDAT List
constituent was deleted from further consideration for regulation if (1) the
constituent was not detected in the untreated and treated wastes, (2) the con-
stituent was not analyzed for in the untreated waste, or (3) other reasons, as
discussed below.  BDAT List constituents that remained following the deletions
described in this subsection were further considered for regulation and are
listed in Table 6-2 at the end of this section.

6.1.1     BDAT List Constituents Not Detected in the Untreated and Treated
          Wastes

          BDAT List constituents that were not detected in the untreated waste
(labeled "ND" in Table 6-1) were deleted from consideration for regulation.

6.1.2     BDAT List Constituents Not Analyzed For in the Untreated Waste

          Some BDAT List constituents were deleted from further consideration
for regulation because they were not analyzed for in the untreated waste
(labeled "NA" in Table 6-1).  These constituents were not analyzed for in the
untreated waste because it was extremely unlikely that these constituents
would be present in the waste, based on knowledge of the process generating
the waste.
                                      6-2

-------
6.1.3     BOAT List Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for
          Regulation For Other Reasons

          Copper, vanadium, and zinc were considered for regulation in K035
nonwastewaters and wastewaters but were not selected as constituents for
regulation.  Although copper cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide are
listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, the metals are not listed
individually.  The Agency is only regulating copper, vanadium, and/or zinc
when they are indicators of treatment performance for other Appendix VIII
constituents.  For K035 nonwastewaters and wastewaters, copper, vanadium, and
zinc have not been identified as indicators of treatment performance for other
Appendix VIII constituents and are therefore not being regulated.

          Fluoride and sulfide were deleted from further consideration for
regulation in K035 because the technology determined to be BOAT for K035
(incineration) does not provide effective treatment for these BOAT List
constituents.  Moreover, the'Agency is unaware of any demonstrated technology
for treatment of fluoride and sulfide in K035 or similar wastes.

          The remaining BDAT List metal constituents that were detected in the
untreated waste -- arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium (total),
hexavalent chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and thallium -- were not
present at treatable concentrations.  Therefore, it would not be possible to
show treatment for these constituents.  Accordingly, these 11 BDAT List
constituents were deleted from further consideration for regulation.

6.2       BDAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation

          This subsection presents the BDAT List constituents that were
selected for regulation in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K035.
                                      6-3

-------
6.2.1     Nonwastevaters

          Constituents further considered for regulation in nonwastewater
forms of K035 were selected from the BOAT List constituents that were detected
in the untreated waste, unless they were deleted from further consideration as
discussed in Section 6.1.  The constituents that remained following the
deletions discussed in Section 6.1 are listed in Table 6-2.  Some constituents
listed in Table 6-2 were deleted from further consideration for regulation
after evaluation of (1) the constituent concentration in the untreated waste,
(2) whether the constituent is adequately controlled by regulation of another
constituent, and (3) the relative difficulty in achieving effective treatment
of the constituent by the technology identified as BOAT for K035
nonwastewaters (incineration).  Table 6-3 presents the list of constituents
that remained and were selected for regulation in K035 nonwastewaters.

          The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents was based on (1) an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents
that would affect the performance of incineration relative to the ash resid-
ual, specifically, their estimated boiling points, and (2) the structural
similarities among the constituents.

          Thirty-three BOAT List organic constituents (shown in Table 6-2)
were further considered for regulation in nonwastewater forms of K035 due to
their presence in the untreated waste.  The boiling points of these 33
constituents, and their concentrations in the untreated waste, were compared
to determine which constituents had higher boiling points and higher
concentrations in the untreated waste.  Twenty-one constituents were then
deleted from further consideration for regulation because (1) they are
believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of the 12 remaining
organic constituents in K035 nonwastewaters, and/or (2) they are believed to
be treated to similar concentrations as the 12 remaining constituents, based
on structural similarities.

          Based on the above discussion, the 12 BOAT List organic constituents
selected for regulation  in K035 nonwastewaters (shown in Table 6-3) are

                                      6-4

-------
acenaphthene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene,  fluorene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, naph-
thalene ,  phenanthrene, and pyrene.

6.2.2     Wastewaters

          Constituents further considered for regulation in wastewater forms
of K035 were selected from the BOAT List constituents that were detected in
the untreated waste, unless they were deleted from further consideration as
discussed in Section 6.1.  The constituents that remained following the
deletions discussed in Section 6.1 are listed in Table 6-2.  Some constituents
listed in Table 6-2 were deleted from further consideration for regulation
after evaluation of (1) the constituent concentration in the untreated waste,
(2) whether the constituent is adequately controlled by regulation of another
constituent, and (3)  the relative difficulty in achieving effective treatment
of the constituent by the technology identified as BOAT for K035 wastewaters
(incineration).  Table 6-4 presents the list of constituents that remained and
were selected for regulation in K035 wastewaters.

          The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents was based on (1) an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents
that would affect the performance of incineration relative to the scrubber
water residual, specifically, their estimated bond dissociation energies, and
(2) the  structural similarities among the constituents.

          Thirty-three BOAT List organic constituents (shown in Table 6-2)
were further considered for regulation in wastewater forms of K035 due to
their presence in the untreated waste.  The bond dissociation energies of
these 33 constituents, and their concentrations in the untreated waste were
compared to determine which constituents had higher bond dissociation energies
and higher concentrations in the untreated waste.  Twenty-four constituents
were deleted from further consideration for regulation because (1) they are
believed to be adequately controlled by incineration of the organic constitu-
ents selected for regulation in K035 wastewaters, and/or (2) they are believed
                                      6-5

-------
to be treated to similar concentrations as the nine remaining constituents,
based on structural similarities.

          Based on the above discussion, the nine BOAT List organic constitu-
ents selected for regulation in K035 wastewaters (shown in Table 6-4) are
benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, o-cresol, p-cresol, fluoranthene,  naphthalene,
phenanthrene,  phenol, and pyrene.
                                      6-6

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                                   Table  6-1

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035

                                                     Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035 (ppm)

VOLATILE ORGANICS

222.       Acetone                                            ND
  1.       Acetonitrile                                       ND
  2.       Acrolein                                           ND
  3.       Acrylonitrile                                      ND
  4.       Benzene                                            4.5-3,700
  5.       Bromodichloromethane                               ND
  6.       Bromomethane                                       ND
223.       n-Butyl alcohol                                    ND
  7.       Carbon tetrachloride                               ND
  8.       Carbon disulfide                                   0.053
  9.       Chlorobenzene                                      ND
 10.       2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene                             ND
 11.       Chlordibromomethane                                ND
 12.       Chloroethane                                       ND
 13.       2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether                          ND
 14.       Chloroform                                         ND
 15.       Chloromethane                                      ND
 16,       3-Chloropropene   '                                 ND
 17.       l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane                        ND
 18.       1,2-Dibromoethane                                  ND
 19.       Dibromomethane                                     ND
 20.       trans-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene                        ND
 21.       Dichlorodifluoromethane                            ND
 22.       1,1-Dichloroethane                                 ND
 23.       1,2-Dichloroethane                                 ND
 24.       1,1-Dichloroethylene                               ND
 25.       trans-l,2-Dichloroethene                           ND
 26.       1,2-Dichloropropane                                ND
 27.       trans-l,3-Dichloropropene                          ND
 28.       cis-l,3-Dichloropropene                            ND
 29.       1,4-Dioxane                                        ND
225.       Ethyl acetate                                      ND
226.       Ethyl benzene                                   .   0.027-1,100
 30.       Ethyl cyanide                                      ND
227.       Ethyl ether                                        ND
 31.       Ethyl methacrylate                                 ND
214.       Ethylene oxide                                     ND
 32.       lodomethane                                        ND

ND  - Not detected.
Source: K035 Characterization  Report  for Reillv Industries Inc.. Provo. Utah
        and Granite City.  Illinois  (Reference 4).
                                     6-7

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                            Table 6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035

                                                      Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035
VOLATILE
33.
228.
34.
229.
35.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
231.
50.
215. -217.
ORGANICS (Continued)
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene chloride
Pyridine
1,1,1 , 2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromome thane
1,1, 1 -Trichloroe thane
1,1, 2 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroe thene
Trichloromonofluororae thane
1,2, 3 -Trichloropropane
1,1, 2 -Trichloro- 1 ,2,2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Xylenes (total)

ND
9.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.026
610
ND
ND
ND
0.35-8,700
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.018-2,000
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
51.
52.
53.
54.
233.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
18.
60.
62.
ND - Not
Source :

Ac enaphthal ene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2 - Acetylaminof luorene
Acrylamide
4 - Aminob ipheny 1
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz (a) anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzene thiol
Benz o ( a ) py r ene
detected.
K035 Characterization Report for Reillv Industries
and Granite City. Illinois (Reference 4) .
9-7,600
32-18,000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
38-10,000
ND
19-5,400
ND
19
6-2,400

Inc . . Provo . Utah

                                        6-8

-------
                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035
                                                     Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (Continued)

 63.       Benzo(b)fluoranthene                                7-2,300
 64.       Benzo(ghi)perylene                                 3.6-1,000
 65.       Benzo(k)fluoranthene                                4.5-1,700
 66.       p-Benzoquinone                                     NA
 67.       Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane                         ND
 68.       Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether                            ND
 69.       Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether                        ND
 70.       Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate                         ND
 71.       4-Bromophenyl phenyl  ether                         ND
 72.       Butyl benzyl phthalate                             ND
 73.       2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol                      ND
 74.       p-Chloroaniline                                    ND
 75. .      Chlorobenzilate                                    ND
 76.       p-Chloro-m-cresol                                  ND
 77.       2-Chloronaphthalene                                ND
 78.       2-Chlorophenol                                     ND
 80.       Chrysene                                           22-5,800
 81.       ortho-Cresol                                       31-3,300
 82.       para-Cresol                                        19-4,100
232.       Cyclohexanone                                      ND
 83.       Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                              2,600
 84.       Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene                                 ND
 86.       m-Dichlorobenzene                                  ND
 87.       o-Dichlorobenzene                                  ND
 88.       p-Dichlorobenzene                                  ND
 89.      ' 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine                             ND
234.       cis-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene                          ND
 90.       2,4-Dichlorophenol                                 ND
 91.       2,6-Dichlorophenol                                 ND
 92.       Diethyl phthalate                                  ND
 93.       3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine                            ND
 94.       p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene                          ND
 95.       3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine                             ND
 96.       2,4-Dimethylphenol                                 7-2,600
 97.       Dimethyl phthalate                                 ND
 98.       Di-n-butyl phthalate                               ND
 99.       1,4-Dinitrobenzene                                 ND
100.       4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol                               ND
101.       2,4-Dinitrophenol                                  ND

ND  - Not  detected.
NA  - Not  analyzed.
Source: K035 Characterization Report  for Reillv Industries Inc.. Provo. Utah
        and Granite City.  Illinois  (Reference 4).
                                     6-9

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                             Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035
                                                      Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (Continued)

102.       2,4-Dinitrotoluene                                 ND
103.       2,6-Dinitrotoluene                                 ND
104.       Di-n-octyl phthalate                               ND
105.       Di-n-propylnitrosamine                             ND
106.       Diphenylamine                                      ND
219.       Diphenylnitrosamine                                ND
107.       1,2-Diphenylhydrazine                              ND
108.       Fluoranthene                                        76-21,000
109.       Fluorene                                           43-17,000
110.       Hexachlorobenzene                                  ND
111.       Hexachlorobutadiene                                ND
112.       Hexachlorocyclopentadiene                          ND
113.       Hexachloroethane                                   ND
114.       Hexachlorophene                                    NA
115.       Hexachloropropene                                  ND
116.       Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene                             4.6-1,000
117.       Isosafrole                                         ND
118.       Methapyrilene                                      ND
119.       3-Methylcholanthrene                               ND
120.       4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)                  ND
 36.       Methyl methanesulfonate                            ND
121.       Naphthalene                                        370-220,000
122.       1,4-Naphthoquinone                                 ND
123.       1-Naphthylamine                                    ND
124.       2-Naphthylamine                                    ND
125.       p-Nitroaniline                                     ND
126.       Nitrobenzene                                        ND
127.       4-Nitrophenol                                      ND
128.       n-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine                           ND
129.       n-Nitrosodiethylamine                              ND
130.       n-Nitrosodimethylamine                             ND
131.       n-Nitrosomethylethylamine                          ND
132.       n-Nitrosomorpholine                                ND
133.       n-Nitrosopiperidine                                ND
134.       n-Nitrosopyrrolidine                               ND
135.       5-Nitro-o-toluidine                                ND

ND  - Not detected.
NA  - Not analzyed.
Source: K035 Characterization  Report for Reillv Industries Inc.. Provo. Utah
        and Granite  Citv.  Illinois  (Reference 4).
                                       6-10

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                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035
                                                     Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035 (ppm)

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (Continued)

136.       Pentachlorobenzene                                  ND
137.       Pentachloroethane                                  ND
138.       Pentachloronitrobenzene                            ND
139.       Pentachlorophenol                                  ND
140.       Phenacetin                                         ND
141.       Phenanthrene                                        150- 50,000
142.       Phenol                                             510-4,000
220.       Phthalic anhydride                                  ND
144.       Pronamide                                          ND
145.       Pyrene                                             64-19,000
146.       Resorcinol                                         21
147.       Safrole                                            ND
148.       1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene                .         ND
149.       2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol                          ND
150.       1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene                             ND
151.       2,4,5-Trichlorophenol                              ND
152.       2,4,6-Trichlorophenol                              ND
153.       Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate                   NA

METALS

154.       Antimony                                           ND
155.       Arsenic    .                                        0.44-4.4
156.       Barium        '                                     0.2-108
157.       Beryllium                                          0.2
158.       Cadmium                                            1.22-3.77
159.       Chromium (total)                                   2.11-20.8
221.       Chromium (hexavalent)                              0.28-0.6
160.       Copper                                             1.98-315
161.       Lead                                               0.49-47
162.       Mercury                                            2.87-134
163.       Nickel                                             516
164.       Selenium                                           0.61-1.74
165.       Silver                                             ND
166.       Thallium                                           0.13-0.55
167.       Vanadium                                           1.55-9.92
168.       Zinc                                               3.22-61.6

ND  - Not detected.
NA  - Not analyzed.
Source: K035 Characterization Report for Reillv Industries Inc.. Provo. Utah
        and Granite City.  Illinois  (Reference 4).
                                      6-11

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                            Table 6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035
                                                     Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035
INORGANICS
169 . Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
172 . Aldrin
173. alpha -BHC
174. beta-BHC
175. delta-BHC
176. gamma -BHC
177. Chlordane
178. ODD
235. o,p'-DDD
179. DDE
236. o.p'-DDE
180 . DDT
237. o,p'-DDT
181. Dieldrin
182. Endosulfan I
183. Endosulfan II
238. Endosulfan sulfate
184. Endrin
185. Endrin aldehyde
186 . Heptachlor
187 . Heptachlor epoxide
188. Isodrin
189 . Kepone
190. Methoxychlor
191. Toxaphene
PHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDES
192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193. Silvex
194. 2,4,5-T
ND - Not detected.
Source: K035 Characterization Report for Reillv Industries

23.7-1,080
2.42-80.1
43-291

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

Inc . . Provo . Utah
and Granite Citv. Illinois (Reference 4).
                                       6-12

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                            Table  6-1  (Continued)

          STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED K035
                                                      Concentration In
BOAT List Constituent                                Untreated K035 (ppm)

ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES

195.       Disulfoton                                         ND
196.       Famphur                                            ND
197.       Methyl parathion                                   ND
198.       Parathion                                          ND
199.       Phorate                                            ND

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)

200.       Aroclor 1016                                       ND
201.       Aroclor 1221                                       ND
202.       Aroclor 1232                                       ND
203.       Aroclor 1242                                       ND
204.       Aroclor 1248                                       ND
205.       Aroclor 1254                                       ND
206.       Aroclor 1260                                       ND


DIOXINS AND FURANS

207.       Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins                        ND
208.       Hexachlorodibenzofurans                            ND
209.       Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins                       ND
210.       Pentachlorodibenzofurans                           ND
211.       Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins                       ND
212.       Tetrachlorodibenzofurans                           ND
213.       2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin                ND
ND - Not detected.
Source: K035 Characterization Report for Reillv Industries Inc.. Provo. Utah
        and Granite City. Illinois  (Reference 4).
                                        6-13

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                                 Table 6-2

               BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR
              REGULATION IN K035 NONWASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER
                          AFTER  INITIAL SCREENING8
                             4.   Benzene
                             8.   Carbon disulfide
                           226.   Ethylbenzene
                           228.   Methanol
                            38.   Methylene chloride
                            39.   Pyridine
                            43.   Toluene
                      215.-217.   Xylenes (total)
                            51.   Acenaphthalene
                            52.   Acenaphthene
                            57.   Anthracene
                            59.   Benz(a)anthracene
                            60.   Benzenethiol
                            62.   Benzo(a)pyrene
                            63.   Benzo(b)fluoranthene
                            64.   Benzo(ghi)perylene
                            65.   Benzo(k)fluoranthene
                            80.   Chrysene
                            81.   o-Cresol
                            82.   p-Cresol
                            83.   Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
                            96.   2,4-Dimethylphenol
                           108.   Fluoranthene
                           109.   Fluorene
                           116.   Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
                           121.   Naphthalene
                           141.   Phenanthrene
                           142.   Phenol
                           145.   Pyrene
                           146.   Resorcinol
                           169.   Cyanide

All constituents on this list were detected in untreated K035 and were
either selected for regulation (as shown in Tables 6-3 and 6-4) or are
believed to be controlled by regulation of another constituent.
                                    6-14

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              Table  6-3

BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR
  REGULATION  IN K035 NONWASTEWATERS
     52.   Acenaphthene
     57.   Anthracene
     59.   Benz(a)anthracene
     62.   Benzo(a)pyrene
     80.   Chrysene
     83.   Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
    108.   Fluoranthene
    109.   Fluorene
    116.   Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
    121.   Naphthalene
    141.   Phenanthrene
    145.   Pyrene
                 6-15

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              Table  6-4

BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR
   REGULATION IN K035 WASTEWATERS
     59.   Benz(a)anthracene
     80.   Chrysene
     81.   o-Cresol
     82.   p-Cresol
    108.   Fluoranthene
    121.   Naphthalene
    141.   Phenanthrene
    142.   Phenol
    145.   Pyrene
                  6-16

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7.0       CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS

          The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BOAT
treatment systems.  These standards must account for analytical limitations in
available treatment performance data, and the data must be adjusted for
variabilities related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and
procedures.  The purpose of this section is to calculate treatment standards
for K035 nonwastewaters for the constituents selected for regulation, using
the available treatment performance data from the treatment technology
identified as BDAT.  Calculation of treatment standards for the constituents
selected for regulation in K035 wastewaters is discussed in EPA's Final Best
Demonstrated Available Technology  (BDAT) Background Document for U and P
Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039), Volume A (Reference 8).

          Treatment performance data for the ash from rotary kiln
incineration of K035 are not available.  Therefore, the Agency is transferring
performance data from treatment of organic constituents in K087 to develop
treatment standards for organic constituents in nonwastewater. forms of K035.
The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0.

           Incineration generally results in  the generation of ash  (a
nonwastewater) and combustion gas  scrubber water (a wastewater).  The best
measure of performance for a destruction technology, such as incineration,  is
the total amount of each constituent of concern remaining after treatment.
Therefore, BDAT treatment standards for organic constituents regulated in K035
nonwastewaters were calculated based on total constituent concentration data
transferred from K087 incinerator  ash  (Reference 6).

           Before  treatment standards are calculated, the treatment
performance data are corrected to  account for analytical interferences
associated with the chemical matrices  of the samples.  A complete discussion
of the accuracy correction of treatment data is provided in Appendix A.
Appendix A also contains the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction
                                      7-1

-------
factors used to correct the treatment performance data, as well as the
corrected treatment performance data.

          After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected data is calculated for each regulated
constituent.  In cases where the constituent is not detected in the treatment
residual at or above its detection limit, the detection limit is used to
calculate the average constituent concentration in the treated waste.
Table 7-1 at the end of this section presents the average of the corrected
treatment performance data for each constituent regulated in K035
nonwastewaters.

          The next step in calculating treatment standards is to determine
the variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent.  The variability
factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system performance,
treatment residual collection, and treatment sample analysis.  (For more
information on calculation of variability factors, see EPA's Methodology for
Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).)  Variability factors for
the constituents regulated in K035 are shown in Table 7-1.

          Finally, a treatment standard  is calculated for each regulated
constituent by multiplying the average of the corrected treatment performance
values by the variability factor for the constituent.  Treatment standards for
nonwastewater forms of.K035 are presented in Table 7-1 and are discussed in
greater detail below.

          Treatment standards for organic constituents in K035 nonwastewaters
were calculated using five sample sets of ash data from rotary kiln
incineration of K087 (Reference 6).  Tables 4-2 and 4-3 present the total
concentrations of each organic constituent detected in untreated K087 and the
treated nonwastewater residual (ash).  Treatment performance data for each
constituent being regulated in K035 nonwastewaters were transferred from data
for the same constituent in K087 if that constituent was detected in the
untreated K087.  For a constituent that was not detected in the untreated
K087, a treatment standard was developed based on treatment performance data
                                      7-2

-------
 from another constituent that was detected in the untreated K087 that was
 tested.

           The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
 determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect treatment
 performance by incineration with respect to the nonwastewater residual (i.e.,
 incinerator ash) and the structural similarities between the constituents from
 and to which data are transferred.  In the rotary kiln,  energy in the form of
 heat is transferred to the waste to volatilize the organic waste constituents.
 To determine whether one constituent is volatilized similarly to another
 constituent, the Agency examines the boiling points and the structural
 similarities of the constituents.

           In general, the Agency believes that a constituent with a higher
 boiling point (bp) is more difficult to treat than a constituent with a lower
 boiling point.  Whenever possible, treatment performance data were transferred
*to K035 nonwastewaters from constituents detected in untreated K087 that had
 equal or higher boiling points.  Specific cases where data were transferred
 from another constituent are noted in Table 7-1.
                                       7-3

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                                                           Table 7-1

                             CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K035

                                                        NONWASTEUATERS
I
i>
      BDAT List Constituent
      Regulated in K035
Constituent from
Which Treatment
Performance Data    Arithmetic Average of
                     Corrected Treatment                               Treatment Standard
                   Performance Values (pom)  Variability Factor (VF)  (Average x VF)  (ppin)
in K087 Were
Transferred
52.
57.
59.
62.
80.
83.

108.
109.
116.

121.
141.
145.
Acenaphthene
Anthracenene
Benz (a) anthracene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Chrysene
Dibenz(a.h)
anthracene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)
pyrene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Fluorene
Anthracene
Benz ( a) anthracene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Chrysene
Indeno(l , 2 , 3 -cd) pyrene

Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)
pyrene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
1.220
1.220
1.220
1.220
1.220
1.220

1.220
1.220
1.220

1.220
1.220
2.941
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8

2.8
2.8
2.8

2.8
2.8
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4

3.4
3.4
3.4

3.4
3.4
8.2

-------
                                                     Table 7-2

                       CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR CONSTITUENTS  REGULATED  IN K035

                                                    UASTEWATERS
BOAT List Constituent
Regulated in K035
Constituent from
Which Treatment
Performance Data   Arithmetic Average of
in K087 Were       Corrected Treatment                                Treatment Standard
Transferred	   Performance Values (ppm)  Variability Factor (VF)   (Average x VF)  (ppm)
59.
80.
"•
i
v_n
82.
108.
121.
141.
142.
145.
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Chrysene
o-Cresol


p-Cresol
Fluoranthene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Chrysene
p-Cresol


p-Cresol
Fluoranthene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
.010
.005
.010


.010
.010
.010
.010
.011
.02
2
2.
2


2
2
2
2
2
2
.8
.8
.8


.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
.028
.14
.028


.028
.028
.028
.028
.031
.056

-------
8.0       ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

          This background document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste,  by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-W9-0072.  This document was prepared under the direction of Richard
Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant,  Section Head,
Treatment Technology Section; Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer;  and Jose
Labiosa, Project Manager.  Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.

          The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document:  John Williams,  Program Manager;  Mary Willett,
Project Director; and Chrisanti Haretos,  Task Leader.
                                      8-1

-------
9.0       REFERENCES
1.         USEPA.  1989.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards.
          June, 1989.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protection
          Agency.

2.         American Public Health Association, American Waterworks
          Association, and the Water Pollution Control Federation.  1985.
          Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
          Sixteenth Edition.  Washington, D.C.:  American Public Health
          Association.

3.         USEPA.  1985.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR
          Section 261 Waste Profiles.  Two Volumes.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency.

4.         USEPA.  1989.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  K035 Characterization Report for Reillv Industries
          Inc.. Provo. Utah and Granite City. Illinois.  Washington, D.C.:
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

5.         USEPA.  1989.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Treatment Technology Background Document.  June,
          1989.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

6.         USEPA.  1988.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Draft Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
          Technology Performance  and Operation for K087 Wastes at the
          Combustion Research Facility. Jefferson. Arkansas.  February, 1988.
          Washington, D.C.:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

7.         USEPA.  1988.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
          Background Document for K087.  August, 1988.  Washington, D.C.:
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

8.         USEPA.  1990.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
          Solid Waste.  Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology  (BOAT)
          Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
          (F039"). Volume A.  May, 1990.  Washington, D.C.:  U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency.
                                      9-1

-------
                    APPENDIX A

     SUMMARY OF TREATMENT  PERFORMANCE  DATA FOR
ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K035 WASTEUATERS
                        A-l

-------
             Benzfa^anthracene  (U018).   Two sources of wastewater treatment
  performance  data were available  for  benz(a)anthracene,  including data from  the
  ITD and WERL databases.  These data  are presented in Table  4-57.  Technologies
  for which  data are available include AS, AS+Fil, and BT.  The treatment
  performance  data represent pilot-  and full-scale studies.

             The treatment performance  data available from the ITD database were
  used for setting the proposed and  promulgated BOAT standard for this
  constituent  for the following reasons:

             (1)  The ITD data  represent treatment performance data from the
                  OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
                  long-term sampling  of several industries.  These data are
                  therefore a good  reflection of the total organic chemical
                  industry and  can  adequately represent a  wastewater of unknown
                  characteristics.
             (2)  The ITD data  were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the •
                  OCPSF database.   These data were used in determining an ITD
                  promulgated limit.
             (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data  that have undergone
                  both EPA and  industry review and acceptance.

             BDAT for benz(a)anthracene is being promulgated as proposed and is
  identified as biological treatment (BT).  The BDAT treatment standard was
  calculated using the ITD median  long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
  1 variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
  standard for benz(a)anthracene  (0.059 ppm) is described in  Section 6.0 and  is
  shown  in Table 6-10.

                                      TABLE 4-57
                             WASTEWATER  TREATXENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                  FOR  BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE
                            DETECTION      RANGE      HO. OP    AVERAGE
 TECHNOLOGY   TECHNOLOGY FACILITY   LIMIT      INFLUENT     DATA    EFFLUENT    RECOVERY REHOVAL  REFERENCE
             SIZE             (ppb)    CONCENTRATION   POINTS CONCENTRATION   (t)      (t)
                                                           (PpB) 	
                                                                           98.3     WERL
                                                                           97.5     WERL
                                                                            97      WERL
                                                                           96.5     WERL
                                                                           99.75    WERL
                                                                                   ITD-L *
AS
AS
AS
ASfFil
Fil
* BT
Ful
PlK
Pu
Ful
Ful
Ful
201B
: 204A
6B
6B
. 792E
1293
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10 10-614
1
8
12
3
4
15
1.000
0.600
10.000
56.000
3.000
10.000
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                        A-2

-------
              Chrvsene (U050).   Two sources of wastewater  treatment performance

   data  were available for chrysene,  including data from  the  ITD and WERL

   databases.   These data are  presented in Table 4-73.  Technologies for which

   data  are available include  AS,  AS+Fil,  and BT.  The  treatment performance data

   represent pilot- and full-scale studies.


              The treatment performance data available from  the ITD database were

   used  for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this

   constituent for the following reasons:


              (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
                   OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
                   long-term  sampling of several industries.   These data are
                   therefore  a  good reflection of the total  organic chemical
                   industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
                   characteristics.

              (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened  prior  to inclusion in the '
                   OCFSF database.   These data were used in  determining an ITD
                   promulgated  limit.

              (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
                   both EPA and industry review and acceptance.


              BDAT for chrysene is being promulgated as  proposed and is identified

   as  biological treatment (BT).   The BDAT treatment standard was calculated

   using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option 1

   variability factor.  The  calculation of the resulting  BDAT treatment standard

   for chrysene (0.059 ppm)  is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table

   6-10.
                                       TABLE 4-73
                              WASTEWATER TREATHEHT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                      FOR CHRYSENE
                            DETECTION
  TECHBOLOGY  TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY   LIMIT
              SIZE             (ppb)
   RANGE      NO. OF    AVERAGE
  INFLCEHT     DATA    EFFLDEHT    RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION   POINTS  CONCENTRATION   (\)      (\)
   (ppb)               (ppb)
AS
AS
AS.
AS+Fil
Fll
* BT
PllO
Fu
Fu
Fu.
Fu
Ful
t 204A
6B
6B
6B
792E
1 1293 10
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
10-677
8
4
11
3
4
15
1.200
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
96.9
99
96.8
99.09
99.76

*m
~mi
viEHL
>m
*ERL
ITD-L *
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                          A-3

-------
              ortho-Cresol  (U052).   The data available for ortho-cresol were
   compiled from che UERL  database  and the BOAT Solvents Rule  data.   These data
   are  presented in Table  4-74.  Technologies for which data are  available
   include anaerobic fixed film  (Anff) separately and in conjunction with GAG
   (AnFFwGAC),  BT, and RO.  The  treatment performance data represent bench-,
   pilot-, and full-scale  studies and the resulting effluent concentrations
   ranged from 14 ppb to 26,000  ppb.

              BOAT for ortho-cresol  is being promulgated as proposed and is
   identified as biological treatment (BT).   Biological treatment was selected as
   BOAT because it represents  full-scale data developed from ITD  sampling and was
   used as part of the BOAT Solvents  Rule.  The BOAT treatment standard for
   ortho-cresol was calculated using  the effluent concentration of 25 ppb and the
   appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.   The
   calculation of the resulting  BOAT  treatment standard for ortho-cresol (0.11
   ppm) is described in Section  6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
                                       TABLE 4-74
                              WASTEWATEJ TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                     FOR ortho-CRESOL
TECHNOLOGY
AnFF
AnFF
AnFFvGAC
* BT
RO
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
FACILITY
m
249D
REF5
250B
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLDENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
1886-2536
100-1000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
2
•••••-r— ••
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (t)
(PPb)
26000.000
7800.000
8800.000
25.000
14.000
REMOVAL
78
85
98.7
98.5
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT / *
WERL
/ ITD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Oocuient.
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                            A-4

-------
             meta/para-Cresol (U052).   The data available for meta/para-cresol
   were compiled  from the WERL database and are presented in Table  4-75.
   Technologies for which data are available include gravity oil water separation
   followed by dissolved air flotation separation followed by AS (API+DAF+AS),
   AS, AnFF, RO,  and  SExt.   The treatment performance data represent  bench-,
   pilot-, and full-scale studies.  The resulting effluent concentrations  ranged
   from 72 ppb to 17,000 ppb.

             BOAT for meta/para-cresol is being promulgated as proposed and is
   identified as  activated sludge biological treatment  (AS).  Activated sludge
   was selected as BOAT because it represents a demonstrated technology with a
   high removal efficiency and was the BOAT chosen for  ortho isomers  of cresol.
   The BOAT treatment standard for meta/para-cresol was calculated  using the
   effluent concentration of 174 ppb and the appropriate variability  factor and
   accuracy correction factor.  The calculation of the  resulting BOAT treatment
   standard for meta/para-cresol  (0.77 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is
   shown  in Table 6-10.
                                      TABLE 4-75
                             WASTEWATE5 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                   FOB aeta/para-CRESOL
TECHNOLOGY
API+DAF+AS
* AS
AnFF
SO
SExt
TECHHOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
pffi
Benc
Pffi
1482D
: 241B
1 230A
250B
: 1082E
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPb)

RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
4
9
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (1)
(PPb)
160.000
174.000
17000.000
72.000
3000.000
REMOVAL
(*)
87
68
90.7
97.7
99.66
REFERENCE
WERL
'mi *
WERL
WERL
WERL
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                          A-5

-------
          Fluoranthene (U120).  Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for fluoranthene,  including data from the ITD
and WERL databases.  These data are presented in Table 4-92.  Technologies for
which data are available include AL, AS, AS+Fil, CAC, ChOx, BT, PACTR,  RO,  and
TF.  The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.  These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for fluoranthene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment  (BT).  The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 11.533 ppb and the ITD
Option 1 variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for fluoranthene (0.068 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
                                       A-6

-------
                                                 TABLE 4-92
                                      'niASTEWTER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                               FOR FLUORAHTHENE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Pilot 203A
Pilot - 203A
Full 375E
Full 375E
Pilot 204A
Full 375E
Full 6B
Pilot 240A
Full 375E
Pilot 203A
ASi-Fil Full 6B
CAC Pilot 195B
CAC Pilot 203A
ChOx(Cl) Full 1081D
Fi]
Fl]
Fj]
Fl]
* BT
L Pilot 195B
L Pilot 577E
L Full 1081D
I Full 792E
Full 1293 10
PACT Bench 975B
RO
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
Pilot 1634E
Pilot 203A
Full
Full
Ful]
Pilot
L 375E
I 375E
L IB
: 240A
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
988-2141
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
NO, OF
DATA
POINTS
11
11
7
7
8
7
14
12
i
ii
3
8
11

3

4
15


11
7
7
4
11
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (I)
(PPb)
36.000
23.000
0.041
0.048
1.900
0.038
12.000
8.000
0.029
5.000
16.000
170.000
13.000
0.045
110.000
0.001
0.081
8.000
11.500
3.000
0.007
49.000
0.029
0.044
12.000
14.000
REHOVAL
m
65
78
98.1
93.3
93.9
94.1
99.25
91.8
96.8
95.2
99.69
93.7
88
44
35
99.92
42
99.56

77
88
53
97.1
96.3
69
85 .
REFERENCE
wERL
>'ERL
X'ERL
'mi
XERL
XERL
/iERL
>'ERL
XERL
>'ERL
*ERL
>m
*ERL
XERL
XERL
>m
X'ERL
VERL
ITD-L *
*ERL
XERL
AERL
*ERL
>TRL
*ERL
>ERL -
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                       A-7

-------
          Naphthalene (U165).   Three sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for naphthalene, including data from the ITD
and VERL databases as well as literature WAO data.   These data are presented
in Table 4-100.  Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS,
AirS, CAC, ChOx, BT, PACT",  RBC,  RO,  TF,  and WOx.   The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.  These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for naphthalene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT).  The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for naphthalene (0.059 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
                                      A-8

-------
                                                  TABLE 4-100
                                      WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE  DATA
                                                FOR NAPHTHALENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL+AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
CAC
Choi
* BT
PACT
RflC
80
TP
TP
TP
WOX
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilot 192D
Bench - 371D
Pilot 192D
Pilot 203A
Pilot 203A
Ful
FUl
Ful
Benc
Pilo
Pilo

233D
201B
6B
I 1050E
. 241B
: 241B
1 975B
Pilot 204A
Bench 202D
Pilot 203A
Pilot 240A
Ful
FUl
FuL

Pilo
fa
ful
Pilo
Bend
1 IB
IB
6B
6B
: 192D
IB
6B
6B
: 192D
b 1328E
Pilot 203A
Benc
Ful
fifi

Pilo
Pul
Pilo
l> 975B
1293
i Zimro
: 192D
. 180A
: 240A
IB
t 203A
Full Zispro
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10 11227-37145
A
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
6 1200
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS



11
11
21
11
2
5
11
5

8

11
12
5
5
14
13

4
7
3
5
11

15
1

11
6
11
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (*)
10.000
23.000
25.000
13.000
36.000
16.000
5.000
14.000

8.900
10.000
1.000
0.700
10.000'
4.000
6.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
25.000
6200.000
79.000
2.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
0.020
14.000
3.000
74.000
210.000
REMOVAL
(t)
82
97.7
96.5
88
67
98.3
89
95.9
99.5
97.9
93
99.17
99.09
99.86
96.3
95
86
95.4
99.95
99
32
91.9
99.56
96
96.5
74
27
88

99.9
82
80
88
89
32

REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
•WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WHL
WERL -
WERL
WERL
ITD-L *
WAO
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                      A-9

-------
          Phenanthrene (U051).   Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for phenanthrene,  including data from the ITD
and WERL databases.  These data are presented in Table 4-108.  Technologies
for which data are available include AL, AS, AS+Fil, CAC, BT, PACT",  and TF.
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.   These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for phenanthrene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT).  The BDAT treatment standard was
calculated using the ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option
1 variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for phenanthrene (0.059 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
                                      A-10

-------
                                                 TABLE 4-108
                                      WASTEWATEX  TREATMENT -PERFORMANCE DATA
                                               FOR PHENANTHRENE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
CAC
m
* BT
FAQ
TF
TF
TF
full
Pilot -
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Beno
Benci
Ful
Pilo ;
Ful.
Ful
Ful
Pilot
Pilot
Full
6B
203A
203A
371D
204A
240A
6B
203A
IB
202D
1050E
6B
203A
792E
1293 10
6B
240A
203A
IB
RANGE
INFLDENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
2035-4711
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (*) (\)
(PPO)
5
11
11

8
12
14
11
4

5
3
11
4
15
10
10
11
6
10.000
40.000
16.000
15.000
1.100
6.000
10.000
4.000
13.000
10.000
2.000
17.000
24.000
10.000
10.000
25.000
9.000
51.000
17.000
92.9
58
83
98.5
97.2
93
99.7
95.8
82
98.2
99.5
99.8
75
85

95.9
90
46
91.5
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
UERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L *
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                      A-ll

-------
          Phenol (U188).  Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for phenol, including data from the 1TD, BOAT, and WERL
databases as well as literature WAO data.  These data are presented in Table
4-109A.  In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by
industry just prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-109B.  Technologies
for which data are available include AL, API+DAF+AS, AS, ChOx, GAG, BT, LL,
LL+SS, LL+SS+AC, PACT",  RBC,  RO,  SBR,  SS,  TF,  WOx,  AS+Fil,  and Anff.   The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.

          At proposal, BOAT for phenol was identified as biological treatment
and the treatment standard was based on an ITD median long-term average
effluent concentration of 10.363 ppb from the ITD database.  Between proposal
and promulgation, EPA evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available
for phenol.  Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial
treatment of phenol, these data were used to calculate the promulgated
standards.  Therefore, BOAT for phenol is biological treatment.

          The BOAT treatment standard for phenol was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for phenol (0.039 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
                                      A-12

-------
            TABLE  4-109A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT  PERFORMANCE DATA
           FOR PHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Pjl
AS+Fll
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
Pilot 203A
Pilot - 203A
Full 6B
Pilot 192D
Full 1482D

Full IB
Bench 202D
fa
Pilo
Fa
Fu.
Pa
Fa
Fa
Fa
Ful
1 8
t 203A
201B
IB
' 6B
IB
IB
975B
IB
B?nch 1054E
pffi 2IS*
Ful 1122E
Full 6B
Pilot 241B
Pul
Fa
Fa
Fa
Fa
to
Pilo
Ful
Ful
Pilo
6B
975B
6B
IB
IB
6B
226B
975B
6B
; 2041
Pilot 192D
Ful
Benc
Pa
Fa
FU
Ful
1 6B
l 1054E
6B
IB
6B
1 6B .
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EPFLDENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (1) (J)
(ppb)
11
11
3
4
5
6

39
5
11
31
6
3
6
3

5

11
3
4
10

11
6
6
3
6

2
8

4

13
6
3
15
84.000
18.000
11.000
10.000
85.000
2.000
26.000
0.010
10.000
8.000
14.000
20.000
1.000
10.000
61.000
1.000
6.600
1.000
0.250
10.000
15.000
4000.000
120.000
8.000
21.000
20.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
10.000
500.000
160.000
10.000
14.000
10.000
56.000
1000.000
10.000
25.000
13.000
10.000
33
86
90.8
98.99
89.5
98.6
63
99.99
96.4
97.2
89
92.6
99.89
99.94
92.4
96.4
99.87
99.33
99.88
90
98
95.2
97.9
97.2
99.64
87
96.3
99.44
98.3
98.6
99.95
95
99.99
94.6
98.99
96.9
95
99.99
94.4
99.98
98
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HESL
HERL
HERL
MEM.
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
mi
HERL •
HERL
HER,
WERL
HER,
WEE
HER,
WERL
WERi
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
                A-13

-------
                                                  TABLE 4-109A (Continued)
                                      WASTEHATBR TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                                 FOR PHENOL

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
*—•
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF Bench 230A
AnFF PUot 231A
AnFF Pilot 231A
AnFF Bench 230A
AnFF PUot 2350
AnFFwGAC Pjlot 249D
CAC Pilot 203
ChOx . Bench 975 ,
ChOx Bench 975
ChOx Bench 975
GAC Bench 1054
GAC Ful
GAC Fu
* BT FU
LL Fu
LL Ftt
LL+SS FU
LL+SS+AC FU
PACT Benc
PACT Benc
PACT Ful
PACT Bead
RflC PUo
RBC Pita
RO Ful
SBS P}lo
245B
237 1
1293
K104
K103
K103/K104
K1037K104
1 190E
1 975B
6B
I 975B
: 603E
1920
250B
14330
SBI Pilot 2270
SBR Bench 640
SBRwPACT Bench 640
SExt PUot 1082B
SS Pilot 1082E
TF Pilot 203A
TF Pul
TF Pllo
TF Ful
WOx Benc
WOx B] Benc
WOx B Benc
1 IB
: 240A
Ifi
) ZiBpro
I lOME
b 11010
WOx B Bench 236A
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
1000000
1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
>1000000
100000-1000000
1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10 698564-978672
30 150000-300000
30 1500000-3000000
30 150000-3000000
30 150000-3000000
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
>1000000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000000
100000-1000000
> 1000000
> 1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS








11




1
1
15
5
5
5
4


3


16
1



11
6
10
6
1


1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
700.000
30.000
10.000
10.000
70.000
1000.000
240.000
50.000
99.000
16.000
2.000
12.000
10.000
10.000
5.000
10.000
165000.000
84000.000
2400.000
60.000
1.800
2.000
30.000
8.000
1700.000
10.000
120.000
1000.000
1000.000
3000.000
1000.000
210000.000
160.000
64.000
47.000
8.000
1.000
20000.000
27000.000
3600.000
3000.000

RECOVERY
(*)
















21
21
21
21


















REMOVAL
(*)

99.98
99.99
98.97
99.99
99.98
99.95
99.86
99.99
21
93.3
98.3
99.37
99
92.6
99.89





99.99
99.96
98.6
99.85
99.6
98.99
93.6
97.7
99.81
99.63
99.88
95.4
24
49
82
91.3
98.2
99.8
97.3
99.92
99.97

REFERENCE


WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ITD-L *
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
WER,
WER, -
WER,
WERL
WER,
WERL
WER,
WER,
WER,
WER,
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                  TABLE 4-109B
                                   INDUSTRY-SUBMITTED LEACHATE TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
                                                 DATA FOR  PHENOL
                                   DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY   TECHNOLOGY  FACILITY    LDQT
                SIZE                 (ppb)
                                                   RANGE
                                                   INFLUENT
                                               CONCENTRATION
                          NO. OF     AVERAGE
                           DATA     EFFLUENT     RECOVERY  REMOVAL  REFERENCE
                          POINTS  CONCENTRATION     (t)        (I)
   BT
                           DON
10
715-2500
10.000
99.32   LEACHATE
                                                      A-14

-------
          Pvrene (U051).   Three sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for pyrene, including data from the ITD and WERL databases
as well as literature WAO data.  These data are presented in Table 4-111.
Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS, AS+Fil, CAC, ChOx,
GAG, BT, TF, and WOx.  The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-
,  and full-scale studies.

          The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:

          (1)  The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
               OCPSF sampling episodes.  The data collected by ITD include
               long-term sampling of several industries.  These data are
               therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
               industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
               characteristics.
          (2)  The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
               OCPSF database.  These data were used in determining an ITD
               promulgated limit.
          (3)  A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
               both EPA and industry review and acceptance.

          BDAT for pyrene is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
as biological treatment (BT).  The BDAT treatment standard was calculated
using the ITD median long-term average of 11.33 ppb and the ITD Option 1
variability factor.  The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard
for pyrene  (0.067 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-10.
                                      A-15

-------
                                                 TABLE 4-111
                                     WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                                                FOR PYREHE

TECHNOLOGY


AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Pil
CAC
CAC
ChOx(Cl)
^p Y '
F' "
Pi
Fi
GAC
* BT
TF
TF
WOX

TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SUE

Bench 371D
Pilot - 203A
Pilot 203A
Pilol
Pill

Pito
Fui:

Pilo
203A
IB
204A
: 240A
6B
6B
195B
Pilot 203A
Full 1081D
Pjlot 195B

Pui
fui

Fui
577E
1031D
792E
. 195D
1293
Pilot 203A
Pilot 240A
Bench Ziapro
DETECTION RANGE
LIHIT INFLOENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
10 641-1438
100-1000
0-100
500000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS

11
11
11
11
1
8
12
14
3
8
11

8


4
6
15
11
10
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (\)
(ppb)
15.000
36.000
25.000
5.000
5.000
2.000
10.000
10.000
16.000
110.000
12.000
0.018
80.000
0.001
0.045
6.000
10.000
10.300
48.000
17.000
260.000

REMOVAL
(*)

97
65
76
95.2
80
93.3
90
99
99.48
94.5
88
60
27
99.96
40
99.5
79

54
83
99.95

REFERENCE


WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WER,
HER,
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
ITD-L *
HERL
WERL
WAO
Data used in developing proposed standard.
                                                        A-16

-------
                   APPENDIX  B




ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
                        B-l

-------
                                  Appendix B

              ACCURACY  CORRECTION OF TREATMENT  PERFORMANCE DATA
         The treatment performance data used to determine treatment standards
for K035 nonwastewaters were adjusted to account for analytical interferences
associated with the chemical matrices of the samples.  Generally,  treatment
performance data were corrected for accuracy as follows:  (1) a matrix spike
recovery was determined for each BOAT List constituent detected in the
untreated or treated waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined
for each of the above constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recov-
ery (percent) for that constituent; and (3) treatment performance data for
each BDAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste were
corrected by multiplying the reported concentration of each constituent by its
corresponding accuracy correction factor.   The procedure for accuracy correc-
tion of the data is described in further detail below.

         Matrix  spike recoveries are developed by analyzing  a  sample  of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample.  The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking,'minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the constitu-
ent.

         Matrix  spike recoveries used  to  adjust the  treatment  performance
data transferred to K03S nonwastewaters are shown in Table B-l.  Duplicate
matrix spikes were performed for some BDAT List constituents.  If a duplicate
matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used
for that constituent was the lower of the two values from the first matrix
spike and the duplicate spike.  An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used
when the matrix spike and duplicate matrix spike recoveries both exceeded
100%, so that the data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection
limits.
                                      B-2

-------
         Where  a matrix  spike was not performed  for  an organic  constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g.,
volatile or semivolatile organics) for which recovery data were available.  In
these cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles
from the first matrix spike were averaged.  Similarly, an average matrix spike
recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries.  The lower
of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile
group was used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no
matrix spike was performed.

         The accuracy  correction  factors  for  the data used to calculate K035
nonwastewater treatment standards are presented in Table B-2.  The corrected
treatment concentrations for the constituents regulated in K03S nonwastewaters
and wastewaters are presented in Table B-3.
                                      B-3

-------
                                                         Table B-l
                                       MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUAL
Spike Constituent	

VOLATILE ORGANICS

  4.  Benzene                              ND
  9.  Chlorobenzene                        ND
 24.  1,1-Dichloroethene                   ND
 43.  Toluene                              ND
 47.  Trichloroethene                      ND

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS (ACID EXTRACTABLES)

 76.  4-Chloro-3-methylphenol              ND
 78.  2-Chlorophenol                       ND
127.  4-Nitrophenol                        ND
139.  Pentachlorophenol                    ND
142.  Phenol                               ND

SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)

 52.  Acenaphthene                         ND
 88.  1,4-Dichlorobenzene                  ND
102.  2,4-Dinitrotoluene                   ND
105.  n-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine           ND
145.  Pyrene                               ND
150.  1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene               ND
Original
 Amount   Amount
 Found8   Spiked
 (ppm)        (ppm)
          0.050
          0.050
          0.050
          0.050
          0.050
          0.200
          0.200
          0.200
          0.200
          0.200
          0.100
          0.100
          0.100
          0.100
          0.100
          0.100
 0.093
 0.079
 0.121
 0.082
 0.034
 0.084
   Sample Result
 Amount     Percent
Recovered   Recovery6
  (ppm)
 0.050
 0.053
 0.057
 0.053
 0.057
100
106
114
106
114
0.183
0.155
0.074
0.013
0.153
92
78
37
7
77
 93
 79
121
 82
 34
 84
          Duplicate Sample Result
             Amount     Percent
            Recovered   Recovery11
              (ppm)       (%)
0.049
0.053
0.057
0.052
0.057
0.091
0.089
0.109
0.084
0.039
0.089
 98
106
114
104
114
0.173
0.166
0.069
0.021
0.159
87
83
35
11
80
 91
 89
109
 84
 39
 89
"For constituents not quantified in the treatment residual  at or above the detection limit (ND),  the original amount found
 is considered zero in calculating percent recovery.
bPercent recovery - 100 x ((C,-C0)/Ct) ,  where C0 is the concentration of the original amount found,  C, is the concentration
 of the amount recovered, and C, is  the  concentration of  the  amount  spiked.
Source:  Onsite Engineering Report for K087 (Reference 6).
ND - Not detected.

-------
                                       Table B-2

                        SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
 BOAT List Constituent

  4.  Benzene
 43.  Toluene
215.-217. Xylenes (total)
 51.  Acenaphthalene
 57.  Anthracene
 5 9.  Benz(a)anthracene
 60.  Benzenethiol
 62.  Benzo(a)pyrene
 63.  Benzo(b)fluoranthene
 65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 80.  Chrysene
 82.  p-Cresol
108.  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
116.  Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
121.  Naphthalene
141.  Phenanthrene
142.  Phenol
145.  Pyrene
Accuracy Correction Factor3
           1.
           1.
           1.
           1.
           1.
           1,
02
00
00
22
22
22
           1.41
             22
             22
             22
             22
             41
             22
             22
             22
             22
             22
             30
           2.94
 "The  accuracy correction factor is  equal  to  100  divided by  the  percent  recovery.
  An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used when matrix spike and duplicate
  matrix spike recoveries both exceeded 100%, so that the data were not adjusted to
  concentrations below the detection limits.
                                   B-5

-------
                                                         Table B-3

                             ACCURACY-CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
                                       CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN K035 NONWASTEWATERS
to
BOAT List Constituent

VOLATILE ORGANICS

  4.  Benzene
 43.  Toluene
215.-217 Xylenes (total)

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS

 51.  Acenaphthalene
 57.  Anthracene
 59.  Benz(a)anthracene
 60.  Benzenethlol
 62.  Benzo(a)pyrene
 63.  Benzo(b)fluoranthene
 65.  Benzo(k)fluoranthene
 80.  Chrysene
 82.  p-Cresol
108.  Fluoranthene
109.  Fluorene
116.  Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
121.  Naphthalene
141.  Phenanthrene
142.  Phenol
145.  Pyrene
                                                                Corrected Total Concentration In K087
                                                                        Incinerator Ash (ppm)a
                                               Sample Set:
0.0255
0.150
0.025
1.22
1.22
1.22
140.8
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.30
0.0255
0.085
0.025
1.22
1.22
1.22
140.8
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.30
0.0255
0.025
0.025
1.22
1.22
1.22
140.8
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.30
0.0255
0.025
0.025
1.22
1.22
1.22
140.8
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.30
0.0255
0.190
0.025
1.22
1.22
1.22
140.8
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.30
                                                             2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
       "Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying the  concentration by the  accuracy correction
        factor (ACF) for each constituent.

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