FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR
HALOGENATED PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE WASTES
K032-K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, K105, D012-D017
Richard Kinch
Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Elaine Eby
Project Manager
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste
, 401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Regulatory Background 1-1
1.2 Document Summary 1-3
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-1
2.1.1 K Wastes 2-1
2.1.2 D Wastes 2-4
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-5
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Groups 2-5
2.3.1 Group 1 • Chlorinated Norbornane and
Norbornene Derivatives 2-5
2.3.2 Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes 2-6
2.3.3 Group 3 - Chlorophenoxy Carboxylic Acids
and Derivatives 2-6
2.3.4 Group 4 - Chlorinated Diphenyls 2-7
2.3.5 Group 5 - Chlorinated Aliphatics 2-7
3.0 IDENTIFICATION OF APPLICABLE, DEMONSTRATED, AND BEST
TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.1.1 Incineration 3-3
3.1.2 Solvent Extraction 3-3
3.1.3 Critical Fluid Extraction 3-4
3.1.4 Wet Air Oxidation 3-4
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-4
3.3 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Tech-
nology (BOAT) i . . . . 3-6
4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA 4-1
4.1 Group 1 - Chlorinated Norbornane and Norbornene
Derivatives 4-2
4.2 Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes 4-4
4.3 Group 3 - Chlorophenoxy Carboxylic Acids and Deriva-
tives 4-5
4.4 Group 4 - Chlorinated Diphenyls 4-5
4.5 Group 5 - Chlorinated Aliphatics 4-6
5.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 5-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
6.0 CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 6-1
6.1 D Wastes 6-1
6.1.1 Nonwastewaters 6-1
6.1.2 Wastewaters 6-4
6.2 K Wastes 6-5
6.2.1 Nonwastewaters 6-5
6.2.2 Wastewaters 6-8
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7-1
8.0 REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDIX A - Chemical Structures of Waste Constituents
Included in this Document A-l
APPENDIX B - Summary of Treatment Performance Data for
Constituents Regulated in Wastewater Forms of
Halogenated Pesticide and Chlorobenzene
K AND D Wastes B-l
APPENDIX C - Summary of Plant Codes C-l
APPENDIX D - Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance
Data. D-l
APPENDIX E - Variability Factor Calculations E-l
ii
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1-1 WASTES INCLUDED IN THIS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT 1-6
1-2 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE
AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES) 1-7
1-3 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 2 (CHLOROBENZENES) 1-11
1-4 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 3 (CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACIDS
AND DERIVATIVES) 1-14
1-5 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 4 (CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS) . . 1-15
1-6 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 5 (CHLORINATED ALIPHATICS) . . 1-16
2-1 NUMBER OF FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE HALOGENATED
PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE WASTES, BY STATE AND EPA
REGION 2-8
2-2 NUMBER OF FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE HALOGENATED
PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE WASTES, BY WASTE CODE .... 2-10
2-3 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K032,
K033, K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, AND K105 ... 2-11
2-4 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR D014
AND D016 2-13
4-1 WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION 4-7
4-2 CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR WASTE TREATED IN TESTS 13
AND 14 4-8
4-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR INCINERATOR ASH FROM TESTS 13
AND 14 4-9
4-4 DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE INCINERATION SYSTEM
AT TESTS 13 AND 14 4-10
4-5 DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENTS IN GROUP 1 OF
THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES
TREATABILITY GROUP 4-11
iii
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
4-6 WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 3 OF THE HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES TREATABILITY GROUP DETECTED
IN THE UNTREATED OR TREATED WASTES 4-12
4-7 DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 3 OF
THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES
TREATABILITY GROUP 4-13
4-8 WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 5 OF THE HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES TREATABILITY GROUP
DETECTED IN THE UNTREATED OR TREATED WASTES 4-14
4-9 DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 5
OF THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES
TREATABILITY GROUP 4-15
5-1 STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED K-
PESTICIDES WASTES 5-3
5-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
HALOGENATED PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE NONWASTEWATERS
AND WASTEWATERS 5-4
6-1 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED
NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES) 6-9
6-2 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES K WASTES - GROUP 2
(CHLOROBENZENES) 6-11
6-3 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 3 (CHLOROPHENOXY-
ACETIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES) 6-12
6-4 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 4 (CHLORINATED
DIPHENYLS) 6-13
6-5 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED
PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 5 (CHLORINATED
ALIPHATICS) 6-14
iv
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2-1 CHLORDANE MANUFACTURING PROCESS 2-16
2-2 TOXAPHENE MANUFACTURING PROCESS 2-17
2-3 2,4,5-T MANUFACTURING PROCESS 2-18
2-4 CHLOROBENZENES MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 2-19
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1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Regulatory Background
Section 3004(m) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) on
November 8, 1984, requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or
the Agency) to promulgate treatment standards for certain hazardous wastes
based on the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) for these wastes.
More than 500 of these hazardous wastes were listed as of December 1988 (see
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. Part 261 (40 CFR Part 261)). The
Agency divided the listed hazardous wastes into five groups to determine
whether further land disposal is protective of human health and the environ-
ment (see 40 CFR Part 268). The five groups and their respective dates of
promulgation of treatment standards are:
Solvent and dioxin wastes
"California List" wastes
"First Third" wastes
"Second Third" wastes
"Third Third" wastes
November 7, 1986
July 8, 1987
August 8, 1988
June 8, 1989
On or before May 8, 1990
Several wastes included in this schedule were regulated ahead of schedule, and
several wastes in the "First 'Third" or "Second Third" group of wastes were
deferred to the "Third Third" group of wastes. Treatment standards for the
"Third Third" wastes will become effective no later than May 8, 1990. On or
after this date, wastes that are regulated in the "Third Third" rulemaking
must comply with applicable treatment standards prior to "land disposal" as
defined in 40 CFR Part 268.
The specific halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene wastes that are
the subject of this document are listed in Table 1-1 by waste code and include
D and K wastes. (All tables are presented at the end of this section.) This
background document provides the Agency's rationale and technical support for
selecting constituents for regulation and for developing treatment standards
for these wastes. This document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a variance from treatment
I
1-1
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standards may be warranted for a particular halogenated pesticide and chloro-
benzene waste that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were tested
and from which treatment performance data were used to develop the treatment
standards for the wastes included in this background document. The Agency's
legal authority and promulgated methodology for establishing treatment stan-
dards and the petition process necessary for requesting a variance from the
treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology for Developing Treat-
ment Standards (Reference 2).
A D-pesticide waste is a waste from a non-specific source that
exhibits any characteristics of EP Toxicity of specific pesticides as
described in 40 CFR 261.24. A solid waste exhibits the characteristics of EP
Toxicity if, using test methods prescribed in 40 CFR Part 261, Appendix II, or
equivalent EPA-approved methods, the extract of the waste contains pesticide
concentrations equal to or greater than those given in Table I of 40 CFR
261.24.
Hazardous process waste streams from specific sources are listed as
K wastes. They are identified as hazardous based on the characteristics of
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, EP toxicity, acute hazard, or toxicity,
as defined in 40 CFR 261.11 and 261.20 through 261.24.
The treatment standards established for the wastes covered in this
document are presented by treatability group in Tables 1-2 through 1-6. These
standards are applicable to the wastes as listed as well as to any wastes
generated by the management or treatment of the listed wastes. For the
purpose of determining the applicability of the treatment standards, waste-
waters are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total
suspended solids1 and less than 1% (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC).
xThe term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used
terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically, total
suspended solids are measured by Method 209c (Total Suspended Solids Dried at
103 to 105°C in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
(Reference 1)).
1-2
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Wastes not meeting the wastewater definition must comply with treatment
standards for nonwastewaters.
1.2 Document Summary
This document provides the Agency's rationale and technical support
for developing treatment standards for the wastes listed in Table 1-1.
Section 2.0 presents the following waste-specific information: the approxi-
mate number and geographic distribution of facilities that may be affected by
the land disposal restrictions for these wastes; the processes generating
these wastes; and the available waste characterization data. The Agency
estimates that there are approximately 98 facilities that may be affected by
the land disposal restrictions for these wastes. The four-digit Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes associated with the pesticides industry
are 2879 and 2869 (Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals, Not Elsewhere
Classified, and Industrial Organic Chemicals, respectively). Section 2.0 also
includes EPA's rationale for combining these waste codes into five treata-
bility groups within the subcategory of halogenated pesticide and chloro-
benzene wastes. (Although certain wastes are included in the halogenated
pesticide and chlorobenzene subcategory, these wastes are not necessarily
pesticides as defined by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.)
EPA's rationale for identifying BOAT for the wastes included in this
document is presented in Section 3.0. Section 4.0 contains or references the
treatment performance data the Agency used to determine BOAT and to calculate
or identify the treatment standards for the wastes included in this document.
EPA's rationale for selecting constituents for regulation is pre-
sented in Section 5.0. Due to the lack of characterization data for most D
nonwastewaters, only the constituent for which the waste was listed, as
specified in Table I of 40 CFR 261.24, is being regulated. For K-pesticides
nonwastewaters, one or more organic constituents were selected for regulation
based on available waste characterization data.
1-3
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Section 6.0 includes the determination of treatment standards for
the halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene wastes. As previously mentioned,
Tables 1-2 through 1-6 summarize the treatment standards for wastes in each
treatability group. The units used for total concentration of organic con-
stituents are mg/kg (parts per million on a weight-by-weight basis) for the
nonwastewater forms of these wastes.
Methods of treatment are specified as the BOAT treatment standards
for wastewater forms of the D wastes included in this document, and concentra-
tion-based treatment standards were developed for the K wastes and nonwaste-
water forms of the D wastes included in this document. Treatment performance
data were not available for the K wastes and the nonwastewater forms of the D
wastes; therefore, the Agency transferred data from treatment of other wastes
that possess chemical similarities and similar waste treatability to the given
K and D wastes (as discussed in Section 4.0) to develop treatment standards.
For nonwastewater forms of the K and D wastes, BDAT treatment
standards are based on incineration performance data for wastes judged to be
similar. For wastewater forms of the halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene
K and D wastes, BDAT treatment standards are based on wastewater treatment
performance data for wastes judged to be similar. The Agency prefers, when-
ever possible, to use wastewater treatment data from well-designed and well-
operated wastewater treatment units rather than to base wastewater treatment
standards on constituent concentrations in incinerator scrubber water. EPA
has compiled a database of wastewater treatment data for use in establishing
treatment standards for wastewater forms of U and P wastes and multi-source
leachate. These data, compiled from a variety of sources, were transferred on
a constituent-by-constituent basis for organic constituents to the halogenated
pesticide and chlorobenzene K wastes.
Section 7.0 acknowledges the persons involved in preparing this
document. Section 8.0 includes references cited in this document. Appendix A
includes chemical structures for the constituents regulated in the D and K
wastes included in this document. Appendix B summarizes treatment performance
data for organic constituents in wastewater forms of halogenated pesticide and
1-4
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chlorobenzene D and K wastes. Appendix C includes plant codes listed in this
document. Appendix D includes relevant QA/QC information corresponding to
treatment performance data presented in Section 4.0. Appendix E summarizes
the variability factor calculation used in the calculation of a treatment
standard.
1-5
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Table 1-1
WASTES INCLUDED IN THIS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
Waste Code Description of the Listed Waste
D012 EP Toxic for Endrin
D013 EP Toxic for Lindane
D014 EP Toxic for Methoxychlor
D015 EP Toxic for Toxaphene
D016 EP Toxic for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
D017 EP toxic for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (Silvex)
K032 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chlordane
K033 Wastewater and scrub water from the chlorination of cyclopenta-
diene in the production of chlordane
K034 Filter solids from the filtration of hexachlorocyclopentadiene
in the production of chlordane
K041 Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of toxaphene
K042 Heavy ends or distillation residues from the distillation of
tetrachlorobenzene in the production of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid
K085 Distillation or fractionation column bottoms from the produc-
tion of chlorobenzenes
K097 Vacuum stripper discharge from the chlordane chlorinator in the
production of chlordane
K098 Untreated process Wastewater from the production of toxaphene
K105 Separated aqueous steam from the reactor product washing step
in the production of chlorobenzenes
1-6
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Table 1-2
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K032
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 2.4
Chlordane 0.26
Heptachlor 0.066
Heptachlor epoxide 0.066
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.057
Chlordane 0.0033
Heptachlor 0.0012
Heptachlor epoxide 0.016
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K033
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 2.4
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Wastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.057
1-7
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Table 1-2 (Continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K034
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 2.4
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (ing/1)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.057
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K041
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Toxaphene 2.6
Maxinun for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Wastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Toxaphene 0.0095
1-8
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Table 1-2 (Continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K097
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 2.4
Chlordane 0.26
Heptachlor 0.066
Heptachlor epoxide 0.066
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.057
Chlordane 0.0033
Heptachlor 0.0012
Heptachlor epoxide 0.016
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K098
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Toxaphene 2.6
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Toxaphene 0.0095
1-9
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Table 1-2 (Continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D012 NONUASTEWATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Endrin 0.13
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D012 UASTEWATERS
INCINERATION OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D015 NONWASTEWATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Toxaphene 1.3
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D015 UASTEUATERS
INCINERATION OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-10
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Table 1-3
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 2 (CHLOROBENZENES)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K042
Regulated Constituent
o-D ichlorobenzene
p-D ichIorobenzene
PentachIorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwasteuaters
(mg/kg)
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
Regulated Constituent
o-D i chIorobenzene
p-D i ch I orobenzene
Pentach I orobenzene
1,2,4-TrichIorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tet rachIorobenzene
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uastewaters
(mg/l)
0.088
0.090
0.055
0.055
0.055
1-11
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Table 1-3 (Continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 2 (CHLOROBENZENES)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K085
Regulated Constituent
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
p-D i chIorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwasteuaters
(mg/kg)
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
1.8
1.8
Regulated Constituent
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tet rachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uastewaters
(mg/l)
0.14
0.057
0.088
0.036
090
055
055
055
055
013
0.014
0.013
0.017
0.013
0.014
0.014
1-12
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Table 1-3 (Continued)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 2 (CHLOROBENZENES)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K105
Maxinun for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Benzene 4.4
Chlorobenzene 4.4
o-Dichlorobenzene 4.4
p-DiChlorobenzene 4.4
2-Chlorophenol 4.4
Phenol 4.4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 4.4
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 4.4
Maximum for any 24-hour Composite Sample
Total Composition
Uastewaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/l)
Benzene 0.14
Chlorobenzene 0.057
o-Dichlorobenzene 0.088
p-Dichlorobenzene 0.090
2-Chlorophenol 0.044
Phenol 0.039
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 0.18
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 0.035
1-13
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Table 1-4
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 3 (CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES)
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D016 NONWASTEUATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonuasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 10
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D016 UASTEUATERS
INCINERATION OR CHEMICAL OXIDATION USING CHLORINE AS AN OXIDIZING AGENT
OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D017 NONUASTEUATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid 7.9
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D017 UASTEUATERS
INCINERATION OR CHEMICAL OXIDATION USING CHLORINE AS AN OXIDIZING AGENT
AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-14
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Table 1-5
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 4 (CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR DDK NONUASTEUATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonuasteuaters
Regulated Constituent (mg/kg)
Methoxychlor 0.18
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR DOU UASTEUATERS
INCINERATION OR WET AIR OXIDATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-15
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Table 1-6
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES
AND CHLOROBENZENES - GROUP 5 (CHLORINATED ALIPHATICS)
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR 0013 NONUASTEUATERS
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
Nonwastewaters
Regulated Constituent (ing/kg)
gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0.066
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D013 UASTEUATERS
INCINERATION OR GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
1-16
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2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industry affected by the land disposal
restrictions for the halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene wastes included
in Table 1-1, the processes generating the wastes, the available characteriza-
tion data, and the determination of waste treatability groups.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
Facilities that generate the wastes listed in Table 1-1 include
pesticide manufacturers, femulators, and packagers; agricultural experiment
stations; chemical manufacturers; universities; military compounds; and
treatment facilities throughout the United States. The Agency estimates that
there are approximately 98 facilities that may generate these wastes. Table
2-1 lists by state and by EPA region the number of facilities that are known
to currently manufacture, formulate, or package the waste constituents includ-
ed in this document and that may generate these wastes. (All tables are
presented at the end of this section.) Table 2-2 lists the total number of
facilities that may generate each waste.
2.1.1 K Wastes
K032, K033, K034, and K097 are generated during the production of
chlordane. K041 and K098 are generated during the production of toxaphene.
K042 is generated during the production of 2,4,5-T, and K085 and K105 are
generated during the production of chlorobenzenes.
K032. K033. K034. and K097
A generic flow diagram illustrating the chlordane manufacturing
process that generates K032, K033, K034, and K097 is presented in Figure 2-1.
(All figures are presented at the end of this section.) As shown in Figure
2-1, cyclopentadiene is chlorinated to obtain hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The
reaction products then pass through a decanter and filter for purification,
before reaching a second reaction vessel. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is then
2-1
-------
reacted with cyclopentadiene via the Diels Alder reaction to form chlordene.
The chlordene is then chlorinated to form chlordane.
K033 is comprised of the water from the primary chlorinator unit and
the decanter, along with the scrubber water from the primary chlorinator unit.
The water and scrubber water are sent to wastewater treatment. Wastewater
treatment sludge forms the listed waste K032. Filter solids generated from
the hexachlorocyclopentadiene filtration step are the listed waste K034. The
reaction by-products from the secondary chlorinator are vented to a vacuum
stripper. The vacuum stripper discharges are the listed waste K097.
K041 and K098
A generic flow diagram illustrating the toxaphene manufacturing
process that generates K041 and K098 is presented in Figure 2-2. As shown in
Figure 2-2, Ot-pinene is reacted with a catalyst to form camphene, which is
then chlorinated to form a toxaphene solution. This solution is then stripped
to yield purified toxaphene product. Waste hydrochloric acid gas from the
chlorinator passes through a water absorber, scrubber, and neutralizer, and
the resulting hydrochloric acid is recovered, or is neutralized and sent to
wastewater treatment.
Wastewater is generated from the toxaphene production process from
leaks, spills, and washdowns, as well as from the scrubbing of vent gases in
the hydrochloric acid absorption and recovery step. This wastewater is the
listed waste K098. Wastewater treatment sludge is generated from the addition
of diatomaceous earth and lime to the wastewater; these materials act as
sorption agents for the removal of toxaphene from the wastewater. This
wastewater treatment sludge is the listed waste K041.
2-2
-------
K042
A generic flow diagram illustrating the 2,4,5-T manufacturing
process that generates K042 is presented in Figure 2-3. As shown in Figure 2-
3, chlorobenzene is reacted with chlorine to form tetrachlorobenzene and other
polychlorinated benzenes. Tetrachlorobenzene is separated from the product
stream and is purified via distillation. The purified tetrachlorobenzene is
then hydrolyzed to form 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. The 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is
esterified to form 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T).
The heavy ends or residues from distillation of tetrachlorobenzene
are the listed waste K042 and are expected to contain all of the chlorobenzene
chlorination by-products.
K085 and K105
Chlorobenzenes are generally produced by both batch and continuous
processes by chlorinating benzene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst
(such as ferric chloride), as illustrated in Figure 2-4. Because higher
chlorinated benzenes are also formed as a result of the direct chlorination of
benzene, chlorobenzene production is a multi-product operation (i.e., a
variety of chlorinated benzenes are produced). Product ratios are influenced
by temperature, mole ratios of the feed stocks, residence time, and use of
catalysts. In a continuous process, the crude reaction product may be recy-
cled to the process to achieve the desired mixture of final products. In a
batch process, the desired product mixture is obtained by adjusting the
chlorine concentration and the reaction temperature. Chlorobenzene products
are then purified by fractional distillation and/or crystallization.
Continuous chlorination processes are generally used to minimize the
quantity of higher chlorinated benzenes produced. The product mixture is
separated in a fractionating column, where monochlorobenzene is recovered.
The high-boiling bottom products (mostly dichlorobenzenes) are continuously
2-3
-------
removed to a second fractionating column for recovery of the di- and trichlo-
robenzenes. The bottoms from the two fractionating columns are the listed
waste K085.
Batch processes generally include additional distillation steps to
separate the higher chlorinated benzenes. Distillation bottoms from these
purification steps are also the listed waste K085.
In batch production of the chlorobenzenes, the chlorobenzene prod-
ucts are washed in an agitated reactor with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
The resulting separated aqueous layer is the listed waste K105.
2.1.2 D Wastes
Wastes exhibiting the characteristic of EP Toxicity are listed as D
wastes. Waste codes D012, D013, D014, D015, D016, and D017 are included in
this document. These wastes may be generated in a variety of ways by
pesticide manufacturing processes. The EP Toxic constituents in the wastes
are listed below. Concentrations of the constituents of concern may range
from the values listed below to nearly pure product:
Constituent
Waste Code (Concentration in EP Leachate)
D012 Endrin (>0.02 mg/1)
D013 Lindane (>0.4 mg/1)
D014 Methoxychlor (>10.0 mg/1)
D015 Toxaphene (>0.5 mg/1)
D016 2,4-D (>10.0 mg/1)
D017 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (>1.0 mg/1)
2-4
-------
2.2 Waste Characterization
Table 2-3 summarizes the available characterization data for K032,
K033, K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, and K105. These data were obtained
from an EPA report which summarizes waste characterization data (Reference 6).
Due to the nonspecific waste code listings for D wastes and the
variability in the physical form and composition of the wastes, character-
ization of these wastes as a group is impractical. The constituents of
concern may be present in the untreated wastes at concentrations varying from
several parts per million to nearly 100 percent. D014 and D016 data were
obtained from sampling and analysis conducted by EPA's Office of Solid Waste
as part of the Land Disposal Restrictions Program (Reference 7). Character-
ization data for D014 and D016 are presented in Table 2-4.
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Groups
I
The wastes included in this document were combined into treatability
groups based on similarities in elemental composition, on functional groups
present within the structure of the chemical, and on physical and chemical
properties, such as volatility and bond dissociation energy, known to affect
the selection of treatment alternatives and the performance of the technology.
The wastes were first categorized as halogenated pesticides and chlorobenzenes
based on general chemical structure. These wastes were then combined into
five waste treatability groups as described below. Chemical structures for
wastes included in each treatability group are shown in Appendix A.
2.3.1 Group 1 - Chlorinated Norbornane and Norbornene Derivatives
I
The waste codes included in group 1 represent compounds that are
classified as chlorinated norbornane or norbornene derivatives. These com-
i
pounds contain two fused or bridged rings, one of which is a six-membered
ring. These compounds have common functional groups of single and double
carbon-carbon bonds. The compounds in this group also have several substitu-
ents attached to their rings, mainly methyl groups and chlorine atoms. Based
2-5
-------
on these similarities in elemental composition and functional groups, the
waste codes listed below were grouped together:
K032 Listed for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K033 Listed for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K034 Listed for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K041 Listed for Toxaphene
K097 Listed for Chlordane and Heptachlor
K098 Listed for Toxaphene
D012 Endrin (>0.2 mg/1 in the EP extract)
D015 Toxaphene (>0.5 mg/1 in the EP extract)
2.3.2
Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes
The waste codes included in group 2 represent compounds that are
classified as chlorinated benzenes. The functional group common to all of the
compounds in this group is an aromatic ring. In addition, all of these
compounds (with the exception of benzene) have at least one chlorine atom
included in their structure. Based on these similarities in elemental com-
position and functional group, the waste codes listed below were grouped
together:
K042 Listed for Hexachlorobenzene and o-Dichlorobenzene
K085 Listed for Benzene, Dichlorobenzenes, Trichlorobenzenes,
Tetrachlorobenzenes, Pentachlorobenzene, Hexachloro-
benzene, and Benzyl Chloride
K105 Listed for Benzene, Monochlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzenes,
and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2.3.3
Group 3 - Chlorophenoxv Carboxvlic Acids and Derivatives
The waste codes included in group 3 represent compounds that are
classified as chlorophenoxy carboxylic acids. The functional groups common to
all of the compounds in this group are an aromatic ring, a carbon-oxygen-
carbon single bond system, a carbon-oxygen double bond, and a carbon-oxygen-
hydrogen single bond system. In addition, all of these compounds have at
least two chlorine atoms attached to the aromatic ring. Based on these
similarities in elemental composition and functional group, the waste codes
listed below were grouped together:
2-6
-------
D016 2,4-D (>10.0 mg/1 in the EP extract)
D017 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (>1.0 mg/1 in the EP extract)
2.3.4 Group 4 - Chlorinated Diphenvls
The waste code included in group 4, D014 - Methoxychlor (>10.0 mg/1
in the EP extract), represents compounds that are classified as diphenyls.
These compounds consist of two aromatic rings that are singly bonded to a
common carbon atom.
2.3.5 Group 5 - Chlorinated Aliphatics
The waste code included in group 5, D013 - Lindane (>0.4 mg/1 in the
EP extract), represents compounds that are classified as chlorinated alipha-
tics. These compounds consist of carbon atoms joined by single and double
bonds. In addition, compounds of this classification have at least one
chlorine atom included in their structure.
2-7
-------
Table 2-1
NUMBER OF FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE
HALOGENATED PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE
WASTES, BY STATE AND EPA REGION
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Iowa
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
EPA
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
III
IV
IV
IX
V
VII
VI
I
V
V
IV
VII
Waste Potentially Generated (No. of Facilities)8
D013 (1)
D013 (1), D016 (1), D017 (1)
D012 (1), D013 (1), D014 (1)
D016 (1)
D013 (3), D014 (2), D015 (1), D016 (3), D017 (1)
K105 (1), D013 (1), D014 (1), D016 (1)
D013 (1)
D013 (1)
D014 (1)
K032 (1), K033 (1), K034 (1), K097 (2),
D012 (1), D014 (2), D015 (1), D016 (2)
D014 (1), D016 (2)
D014 (2)
D012 (1)
D016 (1)
D014 (1)
D016 (1)
D013 (1), D014 (1). D015 (1), D016 (1)
•Sources: (1) U.S. EPA, 1986 TSDR Survey (Reference 3).
(2) 1987, 1988 SRI Directory of Chemical Producers, USA
(References 4, 5).
(3) Telephone survey conducted in March 1989 by EPA (Reference 23)
2-8
-------
Table 2-1 (Continued)
NUMBER OF FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE
HALOGENATED PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE
WASTES, BY STATE AND EPA REGION
State
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
EPA
Region
IX
I
II
North Carolina IV
Ohio V
Pennsylvania III
South Carolina IV
Tennessee IV
Texas VI
Virginia III
West Virginia III
Wisconsin V
Waste Potentially Generated (No. of Facilities)8
D013 (1), D015 (1)
D013 (1)
K085 (1), D016 (1)
D015 (2), D016 (1)
K085 (1), D012 (2), D013 (1), D014 (1),
D016 (3), D017 (1)
D014 (1), D016 (4)
D012 (1)
D012 (1)
D012 (1), D013 (2), D014 (2), D015 (2),
D016 (2), D017 (1)
D014 (1)
K105 (1), D013 (1), D014 (1)
D012 (1), D013 (2), D014 (1), D015 (1),
D016 (1), D017 (2)
•Sources: (1) U.S. EPA, 1986 TSDR Survey (Reference 3).
(2) 1987, 1988 SRI Directory of Chemical Producers, USA
(References 4 and 5).
(3) Telephone survey conducted in March 1989 by EPA (Reference 23)
2-9
-------
Table 2-2
NUMBER OF FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE HALOGENATED
PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE WASTES, BY WASTE CODE
Waste Code Number of Facilities'
D012 9
D013 18
D014 19
D015 9
D016 25
D017 6
K032 1
K033 1
K034 1
K085 2
K097 2
K105 2
•Sources: U.S. EPA, 1986 TSDR Survey (Reference 3).
1987, 1988 SRI Directory of Chemical Producers, USA
(References 4 and 5).
Telephone survey conducted in March 1989 by EPA (Reference 23)
2-10
-------
Table 2-3
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K032, K033, K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, AND K105
Concentration in Untreated Waste (X)*
Constituent K032
K033 K034 K041 K042
K085 K097 K098
K105
BOAT list Constituent
4.
9.
78.
87.
88.
86-88.
110.
112.
136.
142.
148.
150.
151-152.
177.
166.
191.
200-206.
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
2-Chlorophenol
o-Oi chlorobenzene
p-D i ch 1 orobenzene
D i ch I orobenzenes
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene 5-75
Pentachlorobenzene
Phenols
Tet rach I orobenzene
T r i ch I orobenzene
Trichlorophenols
Chlordane E
Heptachlor E
Toxaphene
PCBs
.. .. ..
..
..
10
35
..
..
E 5-25
25
..
E
20
..
..
..
1.0
..
Trace-1.0
0.1-50
..
..
..
1.0-50
E
E
E
..
0.01-10
1.0-10
..
E
E
E
0.01-0.1
0.18
0.008
E
0.05
0.05
--
..
--
--
E
--
--
E
--
--
--
--
Other Constituent
Camphene
Caustic
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
(not otherwise stated)
Chlorobenzophenones
Chlorotoluenes
Diatomaceous earth
Hex filtration media
0.4-0.7
0.3-0.8
0.01-0.1
E
50-90
Other organics
Pinene
-Pinene
Salts
0-10
0-10
0-2
10
0-2
-- Not analyzed for this constituent.
E Expected to be present in the waste; however, no quantitative data are available.
'Source: U.S. EPA. Characterization of Waste Streams listed in 40 CFR Section 261 Waste Profiles (Reference 6).
-------
Table 2-3 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K032, K033, K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, AND K105
Concentration in Untreated Waste (X)*
NJ
I
Constituent
Other Constituent (Cont.)
Sodinn chloride
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Water
Other Parameters
Ash Content (X)
Heating Value (kJ/kg)
PH
Specific Gravity
Total Organic Carbon (X)
Total Organic Halogen (X)
Viscosity (mPa-s)
K03Z
0-15
25-90
0-25
<6,978
8-13
1.3-1.6
10-40
0-30
K033
0-20
0-20
0-20
50-95
0-20
>12.5
1.0-1.2
0.9-1.1
K034 K041 K042
K085
0-21
<11,630
0.6-0.7
80-100
0-20
100 10,600
1.6
32
60
1.2-1.3
27-57
40-46
14,000-23.500
K097 K098
0-20
0-20
0-20
50-95
0-20
>12.5
1.0-1.2
0.9-1.1
K105
15-20
78.5-99.712
11
1.12-1.15 820'C
Approx. 0.27
Approx. 0.27
-- Mot analyzed for this constituent.
E Expected to be present in the waste; however, no quantitative data are available.
"Source: U.S. EPA. Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Section 261 Waste Profiles (Reference 6).
-------
Table 2-4
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR D014 AND D016
Concentration
in Untreated Waste (ppm)'
BOAT List Constituent D014 D016-lb D016-2b
Volatile Organics
222. Acetone 0.13 0.057 3.3
7. Carbon tetrachloride ND ND 0.01
8. Carbon disulfide ND ND 0.059
43. Toluene 9 ND ND
215-217. Xylenes (total) ND ND 0.011
Semivolatile Organics
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ND 19.8 ND
92. Diethyl phthalate 4.05 ND ND
Metals
154. Antimony 4.5 16 12
155. Arsenic 6.1 ND 5.4
156. Barium 11 203 29
157. Beryllium ND 0.36 0.12
158. Cadmium ND 1.2 0.88
159. Chromium, total 5.1 237 25
160. Copper 2.1 30 383
161. Lead 1.3 11 3.1
162. Mercury ND 0.17 1.8
163. Nickel 1.7 65 11
167. Vanadium 8.0 41 8.4
168. Zinc 5.3 102 494
ND - Not detected.
"Source: U.S. EPA, 1989. Final Characterization Report for Cedar Chemical,
Velsicol Chemical Corp., A.H. Robins, and O.M. Scott and Sons.
(Reference 7).
bTwo types of D016 were sampled at O.M. Scott and Sons, as described
in Reference 7.
2-13
-------
Table 2-4 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR D014 AND D016
Concentration
in Untreated Waste (ppm)"
BOAT List Constituent
EP Toxicitv Metals
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium, total
162. Mercury
Inorganics
169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
* Calcium
* Magnesium
* Potassium
* Sodium
Organochlorine Pesticides
190. Methoxychlor
Phenoxvacetic Acid Herbicides
192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid
D014
ND
0.068
ND
0.0081
ND
ND
3.45
39.7
856
391
3,220
98,400
D016-lb
0.061
0.06
0.017
0.028
0.0025
ND
23.1
6.1
1,750
21,600
32,800
1,120
D016-2
0.04
0.073
ND
0.013
ND
1.26
57.1
213
1,590
1,910
4,270
1,180
1,800
ND
ND
17,000
ND
23,000
ND - Not detected.
*Not a BOAT List constituent.
"Source: U.S. EPA, 1989. Final Characterization Report for Cedar Chemical,
Velsicol Chemical Corp., A.H. Robins, and O.M. Scott and Sons.
(Reference 7).
bTwo types of D016 were sampled at O.M. Scott and Sons, as described
in Reference 7.
2-14
-------
Table 2-4 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR D014 AND D016
Concentration
in Untreated Waste'
Other Parameters (Units')
Heating Value (Btu/lb)
Ash Content (%)
Moisture Content0 (%)
Total Solids (%)
Total Organic Carbon (%)
Total Halogens (%)
Carbon (%)
Hydrogen (%)
Nitrogen (%)
Oxygen (%)
Sulfur (%)
D014
1,438
62.2
4.0
96.0
4.52
0.0165
12.3
1.14
2.26
19.7
0.0764
D016-lb
,1
.7
,3
3,251
29.
18.
81.
16.4
2.46
16.6
4.26
26.2
20.3
0.372
D016-2b
3,578
14.6
56.5
43.5
11.1
0.526
15.6
8.17
8.25
51.5
0.502
•Source: U.S. EPA, 1989. Final Characterization Report for Cedar Chemical,
Velsicol Chemical Corp., A.H. Robins, and O.M. Scott and Sons.
(Reference 7).
bTwo types of D016 were sampled at O.M. Scott and Sons, as described
in Reference 7.
°The weight loss of air-dried samples is used to determine the moisture
content of the samples. However, some of the weight loss may be due to the
volatile organics present in the samples (notably, the heptachlor sample).
Thus, the results for moisture content may be biased high.
2-15
-------
Vent
t
Scru
Qyr*lQnanfadi$na
Prlr
Chlorine Chtorl
We
(KO
1
hhar »
Hexechkxo-
lary cyctopentadlene "N.
nator ) * °*
\
Scrubber y
Water
(K033)
iter 1
33) I
Wastewater
" Treatment
Cyclopentadlene V
1 i
I
Water Filter Solids
K033) (K034)
Treatment Effluent
ant
T
Chlordene Secondary
Chlorinator
,
Vacuum
Stripper
™
Stripper
Discharge
fifnori
Chlordane
Product
Wastewater
Treatment
Sludge
(K032)
Figure 2-1. Chlordane Manufacturing Process
-------
Catalyst
Chlorine Solvent
1
o<-Plnene Camphene
oa or *
1
Process Waste
M Waste HCI
,L Gas
^j
i
^b%rln«4
>niorinai
Toxaphene
' Solution _
„ _, Toxaphene
tor * otripper " Product
Spills, Leaks, Washdowns (K098)
Hf> Ume NaOH Limestone
^ Absorber »- Scrubbers — »• Neutrallzer — ^ Waste water „ Treated
Treatment Effluent
1 1
Wastewater
fc Traatmant
Recovered Slud9e
HCI
Figure 2-2. Toxaphene Manufacturing Process
-------
Chlorobenzene
Chlorine
NJ
I
CD
Reactor
Tetrachlorobenzene
and Benzene Chlorinatlon
By-products
Tetrachlorobenzene
Product
Distillation
Column
Hydrolyzotion
and
Esterification
S.4.5-T
Product
Heavy Ends
(K042)
Figure 2—3. 2,4,5—T Manufacturing Process
-------
CONTINUOUS PROCESS
tsJ
t—'
vO
Recycle
J
Catalyst
1 ,
Chlorine Prim
^ wtiiOfinfluOn ^ .t
(Optional)
1' 1
— *• Monochlorobenzene i — »• Dl-and Trichlorc
Product
ary
Ra«4nr FraCtlOl mill ly
Benzene Reactor Column
1
1
Fractlonation
Column
Bottoms
BATCH PROCESS (K°85)
Catalyst
I
Chlorine
at Ion
Benzene Reactor Processes
Distillation
Column
Bottoms
(K085)
Secondary
^. Column
I
Fractionatlon
Column
Bottoms
(K085)
NaOH Solution
^ Agitated ^
Reactor
Separated
Aqueous
Stream
(K105)
Purified
Chlorobenzene
Products
Figure 2-4. Chlorobenzenes Manufacturing Process
-------
3.0 IDENTIFICATION OF APPLICABLE, DEMONSTRATED, AND BEST TECHNOLOGIES
This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining the
best demonstrated available technologies (BOAT) for halogenated pesticide and
chlorobenzene wastes.
This section presents the Agency's determination of:
• Applicable technologies;
• Demonstrated technologies; and
• The best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for treatment
of these wastes.
In determining BDAT, the Agency first determines which technologies are
potentially applicable for treatment of the waste(s) of interest. The Agency
then determines which of the applicable technologies are demonstrated for
treatment of the waste(s) of interest. Next, EPA determines which of the
demonstrated technologies are "best" for the purpose of establishing BDAT.
Finally, the Agency determines whether the best demonstrated technology is
available for treatment of the wastes of interest.
Integral to the determination of BDAT is the evaluation of all
available treatment performance data. The treatment performance data that
were evaluated to determine BDAT for these wastes are presented in Section 4.0
for nonwastewaters and in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039). Volume A (Reference 17) for wastewaters. The data for wastewaters are
also summarized in Appendix B of this document.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection. Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
3-1
-------
applicable to listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Technol-
ogy Background Document (Reference 8).
All of the wastes included in this document are organic. Therefore,
the treatment technologies identified in this section are for treatment of
hazardous organic constituents. Some of the wastes may contain metals at
treatable concentrations as a result of the manner in which the waste was
generated; however, the Agency is not identifying applicable, demonstrated,
and available technologies for treatment of metal constituents in these wastes
at this time.
Applicable treatment technologies for organic constituents in
halogenated pesticide and chlorobenzene nonwastewaters are discussed below.
Applicable treatment technologies for organic constituents in halogenated
pesticide and chlorobenzene wastewaters are discussed in EPA's Final Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P
Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A (Reference 17).
Since nonwastewater forms of these wastes may contain hazardous
organic constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable treatment tech-
nologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various
organic compounds in the waste. The Agency has identified the following
treatment technologies as applicable for these wastes:
• Incineration (fluidized-bed, rotary kiln, and liquid injec-
tion) ;
• Solvent extraction followed by incineration or recycle of the
extract;
• Critical fluid extraction followed by incineration of the
contaminated solvents; and
• Wet air oxidation.
These treatment technologies were identified based on current waste treatment
practices and engineering judgment.
3-2
-------
3.1.1 Incineration
Incineration is a destruction technology in which energy, as heat,
is transferred to the waste to destabilize chemical bonds and destroy hazar-
dous organic constituents. In a fluidized-bed incinerator, waste is injected
into the fluidized-bed material (generally sand and/or incinerator ash), where
it is heated to its ignition temperature. Heat energy from the combustion
reactions is then transferred back to the fluidized bed. Ash is removed
periodically during operation and during bed change-outs.
In a rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end
of the kiln, and the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to
heat the waste to its ignition temperature. Ash is removed from the lower end
of the kiln. Combustion gases from the kiln enter the afterburner for com-
plete destruction of waste constituents. Other wastes may also be injected
into the afterburner.
In a liquid injection incinerator, liquid wastes are atomized and
injected into the incinerator. In general, only wastes with low or negligible
ash contents are amenable to liquid injection incineration. Therefore, this
technology does not typically generate an ash residual.
Combustion gases from the incinerator are then fed to a scrubber
system for cooling and removal of entrained particulates and acid gases, if
present. In general, with the exception of liquid injection incineration, two
residuals are generated by incineration processes: ash and scrubber water.
3.1.2 Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is a separation technology in which organics are
removed from the waste due to greater constituent solubility in the solvent
phase than in the waste phase. This technology generates two residuals: a
treated waste residual and an extract. The extract may be recycled or may be
treated by incineration.
3-3
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3.1.3 Critical Fluid Extraction
Critical fluid extraction is a solvent extraction technology in
which the solvent is brought to its critical state (liquid gas) to aid in the
extraction of hazardous organic constituents from the wastes. After the
extraction step, the solvent is returned to its normal gaseous state, generat-
ing a small volume of extract that is concentrated in hazardous organic
constituents. This technology generates two residuals: a treated waste
residual and an extract. The extract may be recycled or may be treated by
incineration.
3.1.4 Wet Air Oxidation
Wet air oxidation is a destruction technology in which hazardous
organic constituents in wastes are oxidized and destroyed under pressure at
elevated temperatures in the presence of dissolved oxygen. This technology is
applicable for wastes comprised primarily of water and up to 10% total organic
constituents. Wet air oxidation generates one treatment residual: treated
effluent. The treated effluent may require further treatment for hazardous
organic constituents by carbon adsorption or PACT* treatment. Emissions from
wet air oxidation may require further treatment by incineration.
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
To be demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Tech-
nologies available only at pilot- or bench-scale operations are not considered
in identifying demonstrated technologies.
Demonstrated treatment technologies for halogenated pesticide and
chlorobenzene nonwastewaters are discussed below. Demonstrated treatment
technologies for organic constituents in halogenated pesticide and chloroben-
zene wastewaters are discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039). Volume A (Reference 17).
3-4
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The Agency has identified incineration as a demonstrated technology
for treatment of nonwastewater forms of these wastes. Incineration is demons-
trated on a full-scale operational basis for treatment of several of these
nonwastewaters as determined from telephone contacts with pesticide
manufacturers, fonnulators, packagers, and chemical manufacturers (Reference
23). In addition, for the land disposal restrictions program, the Agency
tested rotary kiln incineration on a full-scale operational basis for treat-
ment of the following waste constituents in each treatability group, as
described in Section 4.0:
Halogenated Pesticides and Chlorobenzenes
Group 1 - Chlorinated Norbornane and Norbornene Derivatives
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Chlordane
Heptachlor
Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes
Chlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Group 3 - Chlorophenoxy Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Group 4 - Chlorinated Diphenyls
Methoxychlor
Group 5 - Chlorinated Aliphatics
Hexachlorobutadiene
The Agency believes that since incineration is demonstrated for treatment of
these waste constituents, incineration is also demonstrated for all of the
wastes included in each treatability group (including those covered in this
3-5
-------
document) based on similarities in chemical and physical properties, as dis-
cussed in Section 2.3.
The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat nonwastewater
forms of these wastes or wastes judged to be similar on a full-scale opera-
tional basis using solvent extraction, critical fluid extraction, or wet air
oxidation; therefore, EPA believes that these technologies are not currently
demonstrated for these wastes.
3.3 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
The best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) is determined
based on a thorough review of all performance data available on treatment of
the waste of concern or wastes judged to be similar. The treatment perfor-
mance data that were evaluated for these wastes are presented in Section 4.0
for nonwastewaters and in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039). Volume A (Reference 17) for wastewaters. The wastewater treatment
data are also summarized in Appendix B of this document. The treatment
performance data are first screened to determine:
• Whether the data represent operation of a well-designed and
well-operated treatment system;
• Whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control
measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data; and
• Whether the appropriate measure of performance was used to
assess the performance of the particular treatment technology.
With the exceptions of Tests 13 and 14 and the wastewaters data, all
of the incineration data included in Section 4.0 represent BOAT for wastes in
previous rulemakings and therefore have previously been judged to meet the
above conditions. Treatment performance data and design and operating data
for Tests 13 and 14 are included in Section 4.0. Treatment performance data
for wastewaters are included in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039). Volume A (Reference 17). Since incineration is demonstrated
3-6
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for wastes judged to be similar to the wastes included in this document, and
since incineration is the only technology demonstrated for treatment of these
wastes, incineration is considered "best" for nonwastewater forms of these
wastes for each treatability group. The "best" technologies for treatment of
wastewater forms of these wastes differ by waste code, as listed below:
Best Demonstrated Technology
Waste Code(s) Nonwastewaters Wastewaters
K wastes Incineration Incineration
D012 and D015 Incineration Biological treatment
D013 Incineration Granular activated carbon
D014 Incineration Wet air oxidation
D016 Incineration Chemical oxidation using chlorine as
an oxidizing agent and biological
treatment
D017 Incineration Chemical oxidation using chlorine as
an oxidizing agent
Following the identification of "best," the Agency determines
whether the best demonstrated technology is "available." An available treat-
ment technology is one that (1) is not a proprietary or patented process that
cannot be purchased or licensed from the proprietor (i.e., it must be commer-
cially available), and (2) substantially diminishes the toxicity of the waste
or substantially reduces the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents
from the waste.
The technologies identified as best demonstrated technologies for
these wastes are all commercially available. Also, treatment performance data
included in Section 4.0 and in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Tech-
nology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
(F039). Volume A (Reference 17) show substantial treatment for the waste
constituents of concern and other similar constituents. Therefore, these
technologies are "available" and are BDAT for treatment of the wastes included
in this document.
3-7
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4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
This section presents the data available to EPA on the performance
of treatment technologies that are BOAT for nonwastewater forms of the halo-
genated pesticide and chlorobenzene wastes. Treatment performance data for
constituents in wastewater forms of these wastes are presented and discussed
in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A (Refer-
ence 17).
The available treatment performance data are used elsewhere in this
document to determine which treatment technologies represent BOAT (Section
3.0), to select constituents for regulation (Section 5.0), and to develop
treatment standards (Section 6.0). In addition to using treatment performance
data from full-scale operations, eligible data may include those developed at
research facilities or obtained at less than full-scale operations, provided
that the technology is demonstrated in full-scale operation for a similar
waste or wastes.
Treatment performance data, to the extent that they are available to
EPA, include the concentrations for a given constituent in the untreated and
treated waste, values of operating parameters measured at the time the waste
was treated, and values of relevant design parameters for the treatment
technology.
Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data from the treat-
ment of a similar waste or wastes, using a demonstrated treatment technology.
The Agency's methodology for the transfer of treatment performance data is
provided in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Refer-
ence 2). Transfer of treatment performance data is technically valid in cases
where the untested wastes are generated from similar industries or similar
processing steps, or have waste characteristics affecting treatment selection
and performance that are similar to those of the tested wastes.
4-1
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In an effort to account for the wide range of physical forms of
these wastes, EPA examined all available BDAT incineration data to develop
treatment standards. Specifically, the Agency considered treatment perfor-
mance data from the 14 incineration tests listed in Table 4-1 (all tables are
presented at the end of this section). Facility locations for the incinera-
tion tests listed in Table 4-1 are included in Appendix C. In cases where an
individual waste constituent of concern was detected in the untreated or
treated wastes from one or more treatment tests, data from only those tests
were used to develop treatment standards for that constituent. In cases where
an individual waste constituent of concern was not detected in any of the
untreated or treated wastes from the 14 treatment tests, detection limits
achieved for that constituent in the ash residual from all the tests were used
to develop treatment standards, as discussed in Section 6.0. Values of design
and operating parameters for each treatment test can be found in the cor-
responding Onsite Engineering Report for each test (References 9 through 16
and 18 through 22).
The following subsections present and discuss the treatment perfor-
mance data that were used to develop treatment standards for each waste
treatability group.
4.1 Group 1 - Chlorinated Norbornane and Norbornene Derivatives
The Agency does not have performance data for treatment of K032,
K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 nonwastewaters. Therefore, treatment perfor-
mance data were transferred from other tested similar wastes to develop
treatment standards for these wastes. Sources of treatment performance data
for potential transfer to K032, K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 nonwaste-
waters include wastes previously tested by incineration. (This technology was
identified as applicable and demonstrated for treatment of these wastes in
Section 3.0.) Wastes previously tested by the Agency by incineration are
listed in Table 4-1. EPA examined these wastes to identify the best data
source(s), if any, for transfer of treatment performance data to K032, K033,
K034, K041, K097, and K098 nonwastewaters. Specifically, EPA examined whether
the untested wastes are (1) generated from similar industries or processing
4-2
-------
steps, and (2) whether the wastes have similar waste characteristics affecting
treatment performance as the previously-tested wastes.
K032, K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 are generated by the pesti-
cides industry. The wastes treated by rotary kiln incineration in Test 13
(see Table 4-1) are also generated by the pesticides industry. As discussed
in the Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 8), waste charac-
teristics that affect treatment performance for rotary kiln incineration
include the thermal conductivity of the waste and the boiling points and bond
dissociation energies of the constituents of concern. Because the K wastes of
interest contain many of the same waste constituents as the wastes included in
Test 13, they would have similar thermal conductivity, boiling points, and
bond dissociation energies. Consequently, it is expected that similar treat-
ment performance could be achieved for the K wastes of interest as for the
tested wastes.
Based on the similarities discussed above, treatment performance
data from Test 13 were transferred to K032, K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098.
Tests 13 and 14 were conducted by the Agency at the same location. Wastes
treated at Test 13 included a blend of D014, D016, commercial chemical prod-
ucts as surrogates for U127 and U192, heptachlor process waste as a surrogate
for P059, and clean fill soil. Wastes treated at Test 14 included a blend of
commercial chemical products as surrogates for U141, U028, P020, U112, U226,
U239, U080, U220, U166, U161, and U188. Table 4-2 presents the BOAT List
constituents detected in the untreated waste feed blends for Tests 13 and 14.
Table 4-3 presents the BOAT List constituents detected in the kiln ash
residual from Tests 13 and 14, and Table 4-4 presents the design and operating
data for the rotary kiln and secondary combustor from Tests 13 and 14.
Additional details of Tests 13 and 14 may be found in the Onsite Engineering
Report for the Third Thirds Incineration Treatabilitv Test (Reference 9).
The D wastes included in this treatability group are D012 and D015.
These waste constituents were treated to concentrations below the detection
limits in all 14 tests. Table 4-5 presents the highest detection limits for
these waste constituents in ash for each test.
4-3
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4.2 Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes
The Agency does not have performance data for treatment of K042,
K085, and K105 nonwastewaters. Therefore, treatment performance data were
transferred from other tested wastes to develop treatment standards for these
K wastes. Sources of treatment performance data for potential transfer to
K042, K085, and K105 nonwastewaters include wastes previously tested by
incineration. (This technology was identified as applicable and demonstrated
for treatment of these wastes in Section 3.0.) Vastes previously tested by
the Agency by incineration are listed in Table 4-1. EPA examined these wastes
to identify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of treatment perfor-
mance data to K042, K085, and K105 nonwastewaters. Specifically, EPA examined
whether the untested wastes are (1) generated from similar industries or
processing steps, and (2) whether the wastes have similar waste character-
istics affecting treatment performance as the previously-tested wastes.
K085 and K105 are generated by the chlorinated organic chemicals
industry, while K042 is generated by the pesticides industry. The wastes
treated by rotary kiln incineration in Tests 4 and 11 (see Table 4-1) are
generated by the chlorinated organic chemicals industry. The wastes treated
by rotary kiln incineration in Test 13 (see Table 4-1) are generated by both
the chlorinated organic chemicals and the pesticides industries. Similar to
K042, KOaS, and K105, the wastes included in Tests 4 and 11 are generated by a
separation process from the product stream, such as distillation or filtra-
tion. Unlike the K wastes of interest, however, the wastes from Tests 4 and
11 are generated from the production of, and are mainly composed of, chlori-
nated aliphatic compounds; K042, K085, and K105 are generated from the produc-
tion of, and are mainly composed of, chlorinated aromatic compounds.
As discussed in the Treatment Technology Background Document (Refer-
ence 8), waste characteristics that affect treatment performance for rotary
kiln incineration include the thermal conductivity of the waste and the
boiling points and bond dissociation energies of the constituents of concern.
The constituents comprising K042, K085, and K105 are mainly chlorinated
4-4
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aromatic compounds, which, based on structural stability, would be more
difficult to treat than the aliphatic compounds comprising the wastes from
Tests 4 and 11. The constituents comprising K042, K085, and K105 are most
structurally similar to those treated in Test 13 and have similar thermal
conductivity, boiling points, and bond dissociation energies; thus, the Agency
expects that similar treatment performance by incineration could be achieved
for the K wastes of interest as for the tested wastes.
Based on the similarities discussed above, treatment performance
data from Test 13 were transferred to K042, K085, and K105. Treatment perfor-
mance data and design and operating data for Test 13 are included in Tables 4-
2 through 4-4. This test is briefly described in Section 4.1 of this docu-
ment, and is discussed in more detail in the Onsite Engineering Report for the
Third Thirds Incineration Treatability Test (Reference 9).
4.3 Group 3 - Chlorophenoxv Carboxvlic Acids and Derivatives
The waste codes included in this treatability group are D016 and
D017. The Agency has treatment performance data for the constituents that
comprise the basis for listing of these characteristic wastes: 2,4-D and
2,4,5-TP. Table 4-6 includes the constituent concentrations for the untreated
waste and ash for 2,4-D that was detected in Tests 13 and 14 (see Table 4-1).
Table 4-7 presents available detection limits for 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) in ash for
the 14 incineration tests.
4.4 Group 4 - Chlorinated Diphenvls
The waste included in this treatability group is D014. The Agency
has treatment performance data for the constituent that comprises the basis
for listing of this characteristic waste, methoxychlor. Table 4-8 includes
the constituent concentrations for untreated waste and ash for methoxychlor
that was detected in Test 13.
4-5
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4.5 Group 5 - Chlorinated Allphatics
The waste included in this treatability group is D013. The Agency
has treatment performance data for the constituent that comprises the basis
for listing of this characteristic waste, lindane. Table 4-9 presents the
detection limits for lindane in ash in each of the 14 incineration tests.
4-6
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Table 4-1
WASTES TESTED BY INCINERATION
Test Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Waste Code(s) Tested
K001-Pentachlorophenol
K001 -Creosote
K011,K013.K014
K019
K024
K037
K048.K051
K087
K101
K102
F024
K015
Technology Used
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Fluidized-Bed
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Liquid Injection
13
a a a
0014,0016^059 ,U127 ,U192
Rotary Kiln
a a a a a
14 U141 ,U028 ,P020 ,U112 ,U226 , Rotary Kiln
a a a a a
U239 ,U080 ,U220 ,U166 ,U161 ,
U188
Comnercial chemical products were used in these incineration tests
as surrogates for these wastes.
4-7
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Table 4-2
CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR WASTE TREATED IN TESTS 13 AND 14
BDAT List Constituent
Concentration in the
Untreated Waste
from Test 13
(ppm)
Concentration in the
Untreated Waste
from Test 14
(ppm)
Volatile Organics
7. Carbon tetrachloride
38. Methylene chloride
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Semi volatile Organics
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
73. 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitropheno
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
117. Isosafrole
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
142. Phenol
144. Pronamide
Metals
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (Total)
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
Inorganics
169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
Organochlorine Pesticides
177. Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
186. Heptachlor
190. Methoxychlor
560
63
130
63
63
<19
<19
140
13,000
22
120
<19
<19
<19
24,000
10.5
2.2
76.1
0.31
<0.5
41.2
27.9
3.8
19.7
18.2
45.1
<0.47
6
6,600 x
16,000 x^
50,000
<5,000
87,000
52,000
69,000
130,000
28,000
77,000
<400
<400
<400
<400
35,000
28,000
13,000
<400
<2.4
<1 .0
0.42
<0.1
1.2
1.2
9.8
4.4
2.0
<0.3
17.3
3.4
0.1
<2.0
<0.99
<2.0
Source: Onsite Engineering Report for the Third Third
Incineration Test (Reference 9).
4-8
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Table 4-3
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR INCINERATOR ASH FROM TESTS 13 AND U
Concentration in Kiln Ash
Total Composition (ntg/kg)
BOAT List Constituent
Volatile Organics
7. Carbon Tetrachloride
38. Methylene Chloride
Metals
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
159. Chromium (Total)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
Inorganics
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
Sample
Set #1
0.008
<0.005
8.4
2.1
59.3
0.21
10
64
4
<0.1
15.2
8.5
9.6
0.4
NA
Test 13
Sample
Set #2
<0.005
0.012
<2.4
2
12.4
<0.1
2.2
13.7
5
0.61
3.7
1.9
2.3
0.4
3,060
Sample
Set #3
<0.01
0.015
5.2
2.5
22.8
<0.1
2.8
41.1
2
<0.1
14.4
2.5
4.9
NA
NA
Sample
Set #4
0.048
0.090
9.3
2.1
82.2
0.26
15.1
29.9
1.8
3.5
18.5
12.3
6.2
NA
NA
Concentration in Kiln Ash
Total Composition (mg/kg)
Sample
Set 01
<0.01
0.016
<2.4
3.1
12.3
<0.1
1.7
3.5
0.83
<0.1
1.5
5.7
2.7
NA
NA
Test 14
Sample
Set 02
<0.01
<0.01
<2.4
2.8
9.3
<0.1
1.0
1.6
1.1
<0.1
1.3
4.6
3.7
2.7
<1.0
Sample
Set «
<0.01
<0.01
<2.4
3.0
16.1
<0.1
2.5
3.4
1.5
<0.1
2.5
6.7
3.6
NA
NA
Sample
Set #4
<0.01
<0.01
2.8
2.4
17.4
<0.1
2.7
3.0
<0.5
<0.1
2.3
9.2
3.5
NA
NA
192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 0.021 <0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.002 0.0019 0.002 0.002
NA - Not Analyzed.
Source: Onsite Engineering Report for the Third Third Incineration Test (Reference 9).
4-9
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Table 4-4
DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE INCINERATION SYSTEM AT TESTS 13 AND U
TEST 13
Time of
Data
Collection
1200
1300
1345
1545
1615
1630
1645
1700
1715
1730
1745
1815
1830
1845
1900
1930
2000
2015
2030
2045
Corresponding
Sample Set
pre-test
pre-test
pre-test
pre-test
pre-test
pre-test
pre-test
sample set #1
sample set #1
sample set #1
sample set #1
sample set #2
sample set #2
sample set #2
sample set #3
sample set #3
sample set #4
sample set #4
sample set #4
sample set #4
Kiln Solids Mixture
Temperature Feed Rate
(degrees F) (Ibs/hr)
NR
NR
1400 -
1400 -
1400 -
1400 -
1400 -
1500 •
1500 -
1500 -
1500 -
1600 -
1600 -
1600 -
1700 -
1700 -
1600 -
1600 -
1600 -
1600 -
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1800
1800
1800
1900
1900
1800
1800
1800
1800
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
Kiln Rotational
Speed
(rpm)
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
Primary Afterburner
Temperature
(degrees F)
NR
NR
1700 - 1800
1700 - 1800
1700 - 1800
1700 - 1800
1700 - 1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800 - 1900
1800 - 1900
1800 - 1900
1800 - 1900
1800 - 1900
1800
1800
1800
1800
TEST 14
Time of
Data
Collection
0830
0915
0930
1000
1055
1145
1215
1245
1315
1345
1410
Corresponding
Sample Set
pre-test
begin liquid feed
pre-test
pre-test
sample set #1
sample set #2
sample set #2
sample set #3
sample set #3
sample set #4
kiln shut off
Kiln
Temperature
(degrees F)
1600 - 1800
1600 - 1800
1600 - 1800
1600 - 1800
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700 - 1800
1800
Soil
Feed Rate
(Ibs/hr)
540
NR
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
NR
Liquid Mixture
Feed Rate
(gal/hr)
0
24
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
NR
Kiln Rotational
Speed
(rpm)
0.25
NR
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Primary Afterburner
Temperature
(degrees F)
1800
NR
1800
1800
1700 - 1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1600 - 2000
1800
NR - Not Reported.
Source: Onsite Engineering Report for the Third Third Incineration Test (Reference 9).
4-10
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Table 4-5
DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENTS IN GROUP 1 OF THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES TREATABILITY GROUP
Detection Limit (ppm)
Waste BOAT
Code # Constituent Test No.* -> 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Incinerator Ash
0012 184 Endrin
0015 191 Toxaphene
NA 0.001 0.000015 NA NA 0.001 NA NA NA NA NA ** 0.013 0.013
NA 0.1 0.0002 NA NA 0.1 NA NA NA NA NA ** 0.13 0.13
* - Treatment test # as indicated in Table 4-1.
** - Incinerator ash samples were not collected for Test 12.
NA - Not Available
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Table 4-6
WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 3 OF THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES
TREATABILITY GROUP DETECTED IN THE UNTREATED OR TREATED WASTES
Treatment Concentration
Test In Untreated
Waste BOAT Detected In Waste
Code # Waste Constituent (#)* (ppm)** |
D016 192 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic 13 0.35 - 17
acid
14 0.35 - 17
Concentration In Ash
(ppm/[# of sample sets]}**
0.002C1]
<0.2[3]
<0.002C2]
0.067C1]
0.23C1]
* - Treatment test # is indicated in Table 4-1.
** - Number in parentheses indicates the number of sample sets for which the value was reported.
4-12
-------
.0
I
Table 4-7
DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 3 OF THE HALOGENATEO PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES TREATABILITY GROUP
Detection Limit (ppm)
Waste BOAT
Code # Constituent Test No.* -> 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 .
Incinerator Ash
D017 193 2,4;5-TP (Silvex) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ** 0.2 0.002
* - Treatment test # as indicated in Table 4-1.
** - Incinerator ash samples were not collected for Test 12.
NA - Not Available
-------
Table 4-8
WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 5 OF THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES
TREATABILITY GROUP DETECTED IN THE UNTREATED OR TREATED WASTES
Treatment Concentration
Test In Untreated
Waste BOAT Detected In Waste Concentration In Ash
Code # Waste Constituent (#)* (ppm)** (ppm/[# of sample sets])*
DOU 190 Methoxychlor 13 50,000 - 190.000 <0.013[4]
* - Treatment test # as indicated in Table 4-1.
** - Number in parentheses indicates the number of sample sets for which the value was reported.
4-14
-------
Table 4-9
DETECTION LIMITS FOR WASTE CONSTITUENT IN GROUP 5 OF THE HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES TREATABILITY GROUP
Detection Limit (ppm)
Waste BOAT
Code # Constituent Test No.* -> 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H
Incinerator Ash
0013 176 gamma-BHC (Lindane) NA 0.001 0.000001 NA NA 0.001 NA NA NA NA NA ** 0.0066 0.0066
I
t—'
<-n * - Treatment test # as indicated in Table 4-1.
** - Incinerator ash samples were not collected for Test 12.
NA - Not Available
-------
5.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents EPA's methodology and rationale for selection
of regulated constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of halogenated
pesticide and chlorobenzene wastes. Generally, constituents selected for
regulation must satisfy the following criteria:
1. The constituent must be on the BOAT List of constituents.
(Presence on the BDAT List means that EPA-approved methods
exist for analyzing the constituent in treated waste matrices.)
2. The constituent must be present, or be suspected of being
present, in the untreated waste. For example, analytical
difficulties may prevent a constituent from being identified in
the untreated waste, but its identification in a treatment
residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it is present in
the untreated waste.
For the K wastes, the Agency initially considered all constituents
on the BDAT List for regulation. BDAT List constituents were deleted from
further consideration for regulation if: (1) the constituent was not detected
in the untreated waste and was not suspected of being present in the untreated
waste; or (2) the constituent was not analyzed for in the untreated waste.
Table 5-1, at the end of this section, summarizes available waste character-
ization data for K032, K033, K034, K041, K042, K085, K097, K098, and K105 for
the BDAT List constituents (as derived from Table 2-3). Ranges of concentra-
tions for constituents detected in the wastes are shown in the table.
All constituents detected in K032, K033, K034, K041, K042, K085,
K097, K098, and K105 have been selected for regulation. In addition, waste
constituents expected to be present in the untreated wastes as indicated in
Table 5-1 were also selected for regulation; K032 and K097 are expected to
contain chlordane and heptachlor. The Agency believes that heptachlor can be
commonly converted to heptachlor epoxide in environmental samples. Therefore,
the Agency is also selecting heptachlor epoxide for regulation in K032 and
K097.
5-1
-------
Due to the limited characterization data for D012-D017, only the
constituents for which these wastes were listed have been selected for regula-
tion. The waste constituents selected for regulation in halogenated pesticide
and chlorobenzene nonwastewaters and wastewaters are summarized in Table 5-2.
5-2
-------
Table 5-1
STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED K-PESTICIDES WASTES8
Ln
LO
Untreated Waste Concentration (%')
BDAT List
Volatiles
4.
9.
Constituent
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
K032
NA
NA
K033
NA
NA
K034
NA
NA
K041
NA
NA
K042
NA
NA
K085
trace -1
0.1-50
K097
NA
NA
K098
NA
NA
K105
0.18
0.008
Semlvolatlles
78.
87.
88.
86-88.
110.
112.
136.
142.
148.
150.
151-152.
2 - Chlorophenol
o - Dichlorobenzene
p - Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorobenzenes
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Pentachlorobenzene
Phenol
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5-75
NA
NA
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene NA
1 , 2 ,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichlorophenols
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5-25
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10
35
NA
NA
NA
25
NA
E
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
1-50
E
NA
E
NA
0.01-10
1-10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
0.05
0.05
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
NA
NA
E
Organochlorlne Pesticides
177.
186.
191.
Chlordane
Heptachlor
Toxaphene
E
E
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
E
NA
NA
NA
E
NA
NA
NA
Polvchlorinated Biphenvls (PCBs)
200-206.
Aroclors
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.1-1
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
E - Expected to be present in the waste; however, no quantitative data are available.
"BOAT List constituents not detected or not expected to be present in these wastes are not shown on this
table.
-------
Table 5-2
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
HALOGENATED PESTICIDE AND CHLOROBENZENE
NONWASTEWATERS AND WASTEWATERS
Waste Code
D012
D013
D014
D015
D016
D017
K032
K033
K034
K041
K042
K085
K097
K098
K105
BDAT List Constituent
184. Endrin
176. gamma-BHC (Lindane)
190. Methoxychlor
191. Toxaphene
192. 2,4-D
193. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
177. Chlordane
186. Heptachlor
187. Heptachlor epoxide
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
191. Toxaphene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
4. Benzene
9. Chlorobenzene
86-88. Dichlorobenzenes
110. Hexachlorobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
200-206. Aroclors (PCBs)
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
177. Chlordane
186. Heptachlor
187. Heptachlor epoxide
191. Toxaphene
4. Benzene
9. Chlorobenzene
78. 2-Chlorophenol
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
142. Phenol
151-152. Trichlorophenols
5-4
-------
6.0 CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The purpose of this section is to calculate treatment standards for
the constituents selected for regulation in Section 5.0 using the available
treatment performance data from the BDAT treatment technologies. A discussion
of how the treatment standards for the D and K wastes were determined is
included in this section.
6.1 D Wastes
6.1.1 Nonwas tewaters
Treatment standards for D012-D017 nonwastewaters were calculated
based on data compiled from the BDAT incineration database for incinerator ash
residuals. Specifically, the Agency considered treatment performance data
from the 14 incineration tests listed in Table 4-1.
For D012-D017 nonwastewaters, the Agency first determined whether
the waste constituents were detected in the untreated or treated wastes
included in any of the 14 treatment tests. Data for these waste codes are
included in Section 4.0. For waste constituents that were detected in the
untreated or treated waste, treatment standards were developed based on the
highest detection limits in ash from these tests. For waste constituents that
were not detected in any of the untreated or treated wastes in the 14 treat-
ment tests, the Agency developed treatment standards based on the highest
detection limits for the ash residuals in the 14 treatment tests.
Treatment standards for waste constituents selected for regulation
in Section 5.0 were calculated by multiplying the constituent detection limit
in ash by an accuracy correction factor and by a variability factor. The
following sections discuss these three components of the treatment standard
calculation. Treatment standards for D012-D017 nonwastewaters are presented
in Tables 6-1 through 6-5, at the end of this section.
6-1
-------
Detection Limits
Detection limits (presented in Section 4.0) for the ash residuals
were used to calculate treatment standards for D012-D017 nonwastewaters. In
cases where the waste constituent was detected in more than one incineration
test, the highest detection limits for the ash and scrubber water were used.
For example, 2,4-D (D016) was detected in two treatment tests (13 and 14), as
indicated in Table 4-6. The highest detection limit for the ash samples was
0.2 ppm in Test 13. Therefore, 0.2 ppm is shown in Table 6-3 for 2,4-D
nonwastewaters.
For waste constituents not detected in any of the 14 tests, the
highest detection limit reported for the 14 treatment tests was used. For
example, endrin (D012) was not detected in any of the 14 treatment tests.
Detection limits for this constituent range from 0.000015 ppm to 0.013 ppm, as
indicated in Table 4-5. Therefore, the detection limit of 0.013 ppm in Tests
13 and 14 is shown in Table 6-1 for endrin nonwastewaters.
Accuracy Correction Factors
The detection limits used to calculate treatment standards were
corrected using matrix spike recovery data from the same test from which the
detection limits were taken to account for analytical interferences associated
with the chemical matrices of the samples. Detection limits were corrected
for accuracy as follows:
• A matrix spike recovery was determined for each waste con-
stituent. In cases where a matrix spike was not performed for
a waste constituent from the treatment test for which the
detection limit was used, the matrix spike recovery from a
similar constituent from that treatment test was transferred to
that constituent. The source of recovery data used for each
constituent is indicated in Tables 6-1 through 6-5;
• An accuracy correction factor was determined for each of the
above constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery
(expressed as a percent) for that constituent; and
6-2
-------
• Detection limits for each waste constituent were corrected by
multiplying the reported concentration of each constituent by
its corresponding accuracy correction factor.
Matrix spike recoveries used to adjust detection limits for each of
the 14 incineration tests are included in Appendix D. Duplicate matrix spikes
were performed for some waste constituents. If a duplicate matrix spike was
performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that consti-
tuent was the lower of the two values from the first matrix spike and the
duplicate spike. Matrix spike recoveries of less than 20% are not acceptable
and were not used to correct detection limits. Matrix spike recoveries
greater than 100% were considered to be 100% for the purpose of this calcu-
lation so that the data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detec-
tion limits. In cases where the detection limit used was from more than one
test, matrix spike recovery data from the test resulting in the highest
accuracy correction factor was used. The test from which matrix spike re-
covery data were used is indicated in Tables 6-1 through 6-5. Acceptable
matrix spike recoveries for incinerator ash were not available for phenoxy-
acetic acid herbicides in Test 13. Therefore, a recovery of 20% was used for
2,4-D and 2,4,5-TP.
Variability Factors
The variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in
treatment system performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of
the treated waste samples. Variability factors could not be calculated for
waste constituents that were not detected in the incinerator ash or scrubber
water residuals. In these cases, a variability factor of 2.8 was used to
account for this inherent variability. In the case of D016, 2,4-D was
detected in the ash, and a variability factor could be calculated. This
variability factor calculation is included in Appendix E. The variability
factors used to calculate the treatment standards for each of the waste
constituents are included in Tables 6-1 through 6-5.
6-3
-------
6.1.2 Wastewaters
The Agency prefers, whenever possible, to set concentration-based
treatment standards for listed wastes so as not to limit the selection of
those treatment technologies that may be used to achieve the BOAT treatment
standards. In cases where concentration-based standards cannot be estab-
lished, EPA may choose to establish a method of treatment as the treatment
standard.
In the case of wastewater forms of the characteristic pesticide
wastes (D012-D017), the Agency is specifying methods of treatment as the
treatment standards. This decision is discussed further in Section III.A of
the preamble for the promulgated Third Third Rule.
Incineration was determined to be BOAT for nonwastewater forms of
D012-D017, as discussed in Section 3.0. The Agency has determined that
organic-bearing wastewaters are also treated by incineration and does not
intend to preclude industry from continuing this practice. Additionally, the
Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as BOAT for waste -
water forms of D012-D017, as discussed in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-
Source Leachate (F039). Volume A (Reference 17):
Waste Code(s) BOAT for Wastewaters
D012 and D015 Biological treatment
D013 Granular activated carbon
D014 Wet air oxidation
D016 Chemical oxidation using chlorine as an
oxidizing agent and biological treatment
D017 Chemical oxidation using chlorine as an
oxidizing agent
6-4
-------
Accordingly, the Agency is establishing incineration or the treatment technol-
ogy identified as BOAT for each of the D pesticide wastes, as listed above, as
methods of treatment for D012-D017 wastewaters.
6.2 K Wastes
6.2.1 Nonwastewaters
The Agency calculates concentration-based treatment standards for
regulated constituents based on the performance of well-designed and well-
operated BDAT treatment systems. These standards account for analytical
limitations in available treatment performance data and for variabilities
related to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures.
Treatment performance data are not available for the K wastes
included in this document. Therefore, treatment performance data were trans-
ferred from the incineration of similar wastes, as discussed in Section 4.0.
Treatment standards for these wastes were calculated as described below.
Before treatment standards were calculated, the treatment perfor-
mance data were corrected to account for analytical interferences associated
with the chemical matrices of the samples. A complete discussion of the
accuracy correction of treatment data is provided in Appendix D. Appendix D
also contains the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors used
to correct the treatment performance data, as well as the corrected treatment
performance data.
After treatment performance data were corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the treatment performance data was calculated for each
regulated constituent. In cases where the constituent was not detected, the
detection limit was used to calculate the average constituent concentration in
the treated waste.
The next step in calculating the treatment standards was to deter-
mine the variability factor (VF) for each regulated constituent. The vari-
6-5
-------
ability factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system
performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the treated waste
samples. (For more information on the calculation of variability factors, see
EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 2).)
Finally, treatment standards were calculated for regulated con-
stituents by multiplying the average of the corrected treatment performance
values by the variability factor for the constituent. Details concerning the
calculation of treatment standards are described below by treatability group.
Group 1 - Chlorinated Norbornane and Norbomene Derivatives
Treatment performance data for rotary kiln incineration of K032,
K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is
transferring treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of
wastes from Test 13 to these waste codes. Specifically, treatment standards
for K032, K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 nonwastewaters were calculated
based on total constituent concentration data transferred from incinerator ash
generated during Test 13. The rationale for this transfer is presented in
Section 4.0.
Treatment standards for K032, K033, K034, K041, K097, and K098 were
calculated using four sets of incinerator ash data from Test 13. Tables 4-2
and 4-3 of Section 4.0 present the total concentration of each constituent
detected in the untreated waste and the treated nonwastewater residual from
Test 13. Constituents selected for regulation in K032, K033, K034, K041,
K097, and K098 are hexachlorocyclopentadiene, chlordane, heptachlor, hep-
tachlor epoxide, and toxaphene. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, chlordane, and
heptachlor were detected in the untreated waste from Test 13. Accordingly,
data from treatment of these three constituents were used to develop treatment
standards for the five constituents regulated in these K wastes.
The Agency believes that, based on structural similarities, the
heptachlor epoxide being regulated in K032 and K097 would be treated to
6-6
-------
concentrations similar to those achieved for heptachlor, and therefore,
transferring performance data for heptachlor to heptachlor epoxide is valid.
Chlordane is a mixture of alpha and gamma isomers that are generally
difficult to distinguish analytically. Therefore, treatment performance data
for chlordane represent the sum of these isomers. Since toxaphene is also a
mixture of several isomers that are difficult to distinguish analytically,
treatment performance data for chlordane were transferred to toxaphene for the
purpose of developing treatment standards. The Agency believes that, based on
structural similarities, chlordane and toxaphene would be treated to similar
concentrations, and therefore, transferring treatment performance data for
chlordane to toxaphene is valid. The detection limits for toxaphene are
typically ten times greater than those of chlordane. This factor was ac-
counted for in developing the treatment standard for toxaphene. Table 6-1
summarizes the calculation of treatment standards for these wastes.
Group 2 - Chlorobenzenes
Treatment performance data for rotary kiln incineration of K042,
K085, and K105 are not available. Therefore, the Agency is transferring
treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of wastes from Test
13 to these waste codes. Specifically, treatment standards for K042, K085,
and K105 nonwastewaters were calculated based on total constituent concentra-
tion data transferred from incinerator ash generated during Test 13. The
rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0.
Treatment standards for K042, K085, and K105 were calculated using
four sets of incinerator ash data from Test 13. Tables 4-2 and 4-3 of Section
4.0 present the total concentration of each constituent detected in the
untreated waste and the treated residuals from Test 13. Since the con-
stituents selected for regulation in K042, K085, and K105 were not detected in
the untreated waste incinerated in Test 13, data from treatment of hexachloro-
benzene and methoxychlor were used to develop treatment standards for waste
constituents of concern in K042, K085, and K105. Table 6-2 summarizes the
calculation of treatment standards for these wastes.
6-7
-------
The Agency believes that, based on structural similarities, the
chlorinated benzene and phenolic constituents regulated in K042, K085, and
K105 would be treated to concentrations similar to those achieved for hexa-
chlorobenzene, and therefore, transferring performance data for hexachloro-
benzene to these constituents is valid. For the same reasons, the Agency
transferred treatment performance data for methoxychlor to the PCBs regulated
in K085. The typical ratio of the detection limit for methoxychlor to those
for each of the PCBs was taken into account in the treatment standard calcula-
tion.
6.2.2 Wastewaters
A discussion of the treatment standard calculations for wastewater
forms of the K wastes is provided in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source
Leachate (F039). Volume A (Reference 17).
6-8
-------
Table 6-1
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES -
GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
Regulated Constituent
(SU-846 Method Number)
NONUASTEUATERS
Semi volatile Organics (8270)
K032 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K033 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K034 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
K097 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Organochlorine Pesticides (8080)
K032 Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
K041 Toxaphene
K097 Chlordane (alpha and gamna)
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
K098 Toxaphene
Constituent From
Which Treatment Performance
Data Were Transferred
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
HexachIorocycIopentadi ene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Chlordane (alpha and gamna)
Heptachlor
Heptachlor
Chlordane
Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
Heptachlor
Heptachlor
Chlordane
Arithmetic Average
of Corrected
Treatment Performance
Values (ppn)
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.093
0.024
0.024
0.93
0.093
0.024
0.024
0.93
Variability
Factor (VF)
Treatment Standard
(Average x VF)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
0.26
0.066
0.066
2.6
0.26
0.066
0.066
2.6
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES -
GROUP 1 (CHLORINATED NORBORNANE AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES)
Waste
Code
BOAT
# Constituent
Detection Status
in Untreated or
Treated Waste
(Y or N)
Recovery Data Corrected
Detection
Limit
(PP
-------
Table 6-2
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOR08ENZENES K WASTES -
GROUP 2 (CHLOROBENZENES)
Regulated Constituent
(SU-846 Method Number)
NONWASTEWATERS
Volatile Organics (8240)
K085 Benzene
Chlorobenzene
K105 Benzene
Chlorobenzene
Semivolatile Organics (8270)
K042 o-DiChlorobenzene
p-DichIorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
K085 o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
p- D i chIorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
K105 o-DiChlorobenzene
p-DiChlorobenzene
2-Chlorophenol
Phenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
PCBs (8080)
K085 Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Constituent From
Which Treatment Performance
Data Were Transferred
Arithmetic Average
of Corrected
Treatment Performance
Values (ppm)
Variability
Factor (VF)
Treatment Standard
(Average x VF)
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIorobenzene
Hexach I orobenzene
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.65
0.65
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
1.8
1.8
-------
Table 6-3
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOR08ENZENES -
GROUP 3 (CHLOROPHENOXTACETIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES)
Waste BOAT
Code #
Constituent
Detection Status
in Untreated or
Treated Waste
(Y or N)
Recovery Data
Detection Detection Limit Matrix Spike Transferred
Limit Taken From Recovery From
(ppm) Test #(s)* (X) (BOAT 0/Test #)*
Corrected
Accuracy Detection Treatment
Correction Limit Variability Standard
Factor (ppm) Factor (ppm)
NONWASTEWATERS
0016 192 2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
D017 193 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
0.2
0.155
13
13
20
20
192/13
192/13
1
0.775
10.13
10.13
10
7.9
* Treatment test number is indicated in Table 4-1.
I
»-•
NJ
-------
Table 6-4
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES -
GROUP 4 (CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS)
Waste
Code
BOAT
0 Constituent
Detection Status
in Untreated or Detection
Treated Waste Limit
(Y or N) (ppm)
Recovery Data Corrected
Detection Limit
Taken From
Test #(s)*
Matrix Spike Transferred Accuracy Detection
Recovery
(X)
From
(BDAT ff/Test
Correction Limit
#)* Factor (ppm)
Variability
Factor
Treatment
Standard
(ppm)
NONWASTEWATERS
0014 190 Methoxychlor
0.013
13
20
190/13
0.07
2.8
0.18
* Treatment test number is indicated in Table 4-1.
-------
Table 6-5
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND CHLOROBENZENES -
GROUP 5 (CHLORINATED AL1PHATICS)
Waste
Code
BOAT
# Constituent
Detection Status
in Untreated or Detection
Treated Waste Limit
(Y or N) (ppcn)
Recovery Data Corrected
Detection Limit
Taken From
Test #(s)*
Matrix Spike Transferred Accuracy Detection
Recovery
(X)
From
(BOAT ft/Test
Correction
#)* Factor
Limit
(ppm)
Variability
Factor
Treatment
Standard
-------
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This background document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-W9-0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Richard
Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant, Section Head,
Treatment Technology Section; Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer; and Elaine Eby,
Project Manager. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document: John Williams, Program Manager; Mary Willett,
Project Director; and the Radian engineering team, Debra Falatko and Chrisanti
Haretos.
Field sampling and laboratory coordination was conducted under the
leadership of Lori Stoll, Debra Falatko, and Chrisanti Haretos of Radian. The
cooperation of O.M. Scott and Sons, Velsicol Chemical Corporation, A.H.
Robins, Cedar Chemical Corporation, and John Zink Company in this program is
greatly appreciated.
7-1
-------
8.0 REFERENCES
1. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and
the Water Pollution Control Federation. 1985. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. Sixteenth Edition. Washington,
D.C.: American Public Health Association.
2. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for Developing Treatment Standards. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
3. U.S. EPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Survey
of Hazardous Waste Treatment. Storage. Disposal. Recycling Facilities.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
4. SRI International. 1987 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States
of America. 1987. Menlo Park, California: SRI International.
5. SRI International. 1988 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States
of America. 1988. Menlo Park, California: SRI International, pp. 820-
837, 456, 526, 542, 558-560, 574, 582, 679, 783, 839, 916, 927, 933, and
1032.
6. U.S. EPA. Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Section 261
Waste Profiles. Volumes I and III. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. pp. 195-206, 236-242, 325-329, 358-360, and
388-391.
7. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Characterization
Report for Cedar Chemical Corporation. Vicksburg. Mississippi (P020):
Heptachlor Process Waste. Velsicol Chemical Corporation. Memphis.
Tennessee: A.H. Robins. Richmond. Virginia (D014): and P.M. Scott.
Marvsville. Ohio (D016). June, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, pp. 4-15 to 4-17.
8. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatment
Technology Background Document. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
9. U.S. EPA. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Onsite Engineering Report for the Third Thirds Incineration
Treatability Test. 1990. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
10. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for
Incineration of KOOl-Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Waste at the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency Combustion Research Facility. November 12,
1987. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8-1
-------
11. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Performance and Operation for Incineration of
KOOl-Creosote Waste at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combus-
tion Research Facility. November 23, 1987. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
12. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Performance and Operation for Incineration of
K011/K013/K014 Sludge at the John Zink Test Facility. November 2, 1987.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
13. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Non-confidential
Version of the Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Perfor-
mance and Operation for Rollins Environmental Services (TX) Inc.. Deer
Park. Texas. March 11, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
14. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation: Incinera-
tion of K024 Waste at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combustion
Research Facility. 1987. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
15. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for
Incineration of K037 Waste at the Combustion Research Facility. November
16, 1987. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
16. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Amoco
Oil Company. Whiting. Indiana. February 29, 1988. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
17. U.S. EPA. 1990. Final Best Demonstrated Available TechnoloEV (BOAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate (F0391) .
Volume A. May, 1990. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
18. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for
Incineration of K087 Waste at the Combustion Research Facility. Jeffer-
son. Arkansas. February 22, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
19. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report for John Zink Company for K101. April 25, 1988. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
20. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report for John Zink Company for K102. April 25, 1988. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8-2
-------
21. U.S. EPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for
Incineration for ENSCO. El Dorado. Arkansas. December, 1988. Washing-
ton, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
22. U.S. EPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Engineer-
ing Report of Treatment Performance and Operation for Incineration of
K015 Waste at the John Zink Company Test Facility. December 4, 1987.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
23. U.S. EPA. 1989. Record of telecons with pesticide manufacturers,
femulators, packagers, and chemical manufacturers. EPA's Proposed Rule,
"Land Disposal Restrictions for Third Third Scheduled Wastes." EPA RCRA
Docket F-89-LD12-FFFFF. Nos. LDR12-REFS0749 through LDR12-REFS0788.
8-3
-------
APPENDIX A
CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF
WASTE CONSTITUENTS INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT
A-l
-------
Ct
0
Cl Cl
n
cji u
A-2
-------
:o
Cl
Cl
CJ
ci
a. ^ '**
tK^N^^CI
Cl
^ |£0«f2.
Cl
Cl
Cl
A-3
-------
0
'o
x % *
A-4
-------
V
CJC
0V*
s
Cf
•Of
OH
tf^A_C<
«
:,+>-1ri
J
A-5
-------
*
0-C-Hi-C/
X
OH
Cl
id >/0.0
0 OH
y
0-C-H
Cl
A-6
-------
HjC-0
A-7
-------
d
Cf
A-8
-------
APPENDIX B
SUMMARY OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CONSTITUENTS
REGULATED IN WASTEWATER FORMS OF HALOGENATED PESTICIDE
AND CHLOROBENZENE K AND D WASTES
Source: Reference 17.
B-l
-------
Aroclor 1016. The data available for aroclor 1016 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-157. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. The effluent concentrations for
all documented data ranged from 0.5 ppb to 4.033 ppb.
BDAT for Aroclor 1016 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BDAT treatment standard for
Aroclor 1016 was calculated using the effluent concentration of 0.911 ppb and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for Aroclor 1016
(0.013 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-157
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR AROCLOR 1016
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
* BT Pull
DETEC
FACILITY LIJ
PF
NY0007129
LA0066214
LA0065501
TN0001520
NY0007129
LA0038245
TION RANGE
IT INFLUENT
b CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
•j
j
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRAT
(ppb)
0
0
4
0
0
RECOVERY
ION (t)
.500
.'033
.500
.911
REMOVAL REFERENCE
W
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES *
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-2
-------
Aroclor 1221. The data available for aroclor 1221 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-158. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. The effluent concentrations for
all documented data ranged from 0.13 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1221 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BOAT treatment standard for
Aroclor 1221 was calculated using the effluent concentration of 1.018 ppb and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for Aroclor 1221
(0.014 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
_ 4-158
WASTEWATEX TREATMENT PERFORIAHCE DATA
FOB ABOCLOS 1221
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
* BT Full
LA0065501
A0058882
A0058882
[Y0007129
IY0007129
LA0038245
DETECTION
RANGE NO. OF
IHFLCEHT DATA
ONCENTRATION POINTS
(ppb)
6
8
5
39
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTKATIOX
(ppb)
0.130
o.'soo
0.500
1.018
RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES *
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-3
-------
Aroclor 1232. The data available for aroclor 1232 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-159. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. The effluent concentrations of
all documented data ranged from 0.5 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1232 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT because of since it represents full-scale data and is the only
demonstrated technology for which the Agency has data. The BDAT treatment
standard for Aroclor 1232 was calculated using the effluent concentration of
0.915 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for Aroclor
1232 (0.013 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
LA0058882
LA0058882
LA0065501
MY0007129
HY0007129
* BT Full LA0038245
WASTEWATER TREATNENr'pERFORMANCE
FOR AROCLOR 1232
DETECTION RANGE HO. OF
T TMTT ' THST flFHT ftlTl
Limi inrLucni UAIA
(ppb) COHCEHTRATIOI POINTS (
(PPb)
33
32
3
39
DATA
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT RBC
BHCEHTKATIOB i
(PPb)
15.300
O.*500
0.500
0.915
EVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
HI
N
H
H
H
K
PDES
1
'DES
•DES
PDES *
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-4
-------
Aroclor 1242. The data available for aroclor 1242 were compiled
from Che NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-160. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. The effluent concentrations of
all documented data ranged from 0.5 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1242 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BOAT treatment standard for
Aroclor 1242 was calculated using the effluent concentration of 1.186 ppb and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for Aroclor 1242
(0.017 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-160
WASTEHATER TKEATHEHT PERFORKBCE DATA
FOR AROCLOS 1242
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
Twlfliffli poors mMCfflrSri
(ppb) (ppb)
jBT Full
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
LA0065501
LA0058882
HY0007129
MY0202037
MY0007226
LA0058882
HY0007129
HT0000566
LAOOM245
6
31
29
7
33
5
12
39
0.500
12.260
0.593
0.500
0.623
15.300
0.612
1.433
1.186
HP!
NP
HP!
HP1
8S
NP
DES
IBS
DES
DES
>KS
>ES
MP)ES
NPDES
NPDES *
B-5
-------
Aroclor 1248. The data available for aroclor 1248 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-161. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. The effluent concentrations for
all documented data ranged from 0.5 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1248 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BOAT treatment standard for
Aroclor 1248 was calculated using the effluent concentration of 0.928 ppb and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for Aroclor 1248
(0.013 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-161
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMAKE DATA
FOE AROCLOR 1248
TECHHOL067
* BT
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Full
FACILITY
HY0007129
LA0058882
LA0058882
LA0065S01
NY0000566
MY0007129
LA0038245
DETECTION
LIMIT
[ppb C
RADGE NO. OF
IHFLDEHT DATA
ONCEmATHM POINTS
(ppb)
3
33
31
6
S2
39
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (?)
(PPb)
0.500
15.300
12.260
0.920
1.433
0.500
0.928
REMOVAL REFERENCE
(*)
NPDCS
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES *
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-6
-------
Aroclor 1254. The data available for aroclor 1254 were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 4-162. The
technologies for which data are available include AFF and BT. The treatment
performance data represent bench- and full-scale studies. Resulting effluent
concentrations'ranged from 0.36 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1254 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale data and was preferred over bench-scale
aerobic fixed film (AFF) data. The effluent concentrations achieved by AFF
support the effluent concentration achieved by biological treatment. The BOAT
treatment standard for Aroclor 1254 was calculated using the effluent
concentration of 0.967 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard
for Aroclor 1254 (0.014 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-162
WASTEWATER T8EATHEHT PERFORHAKE DATA
FOE AROCLOR 1254
TECBBOLOGY
AFF
AFP
* BT
TECHHOLOGY
SIZE
Bench
Bench
Pull
FACILITY
LA0058882
LA0058882
HY0007129
701
70A
LA0038245
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT IHFLOEHT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
100-1000
0-100
HO. OF
i«b<
31
6
33
19
17
39
AVERAGE
EPFLDEHT RECOVERY
30NCENTRATION (t)
(PPb)
12.260
1.000
0.667
15.300
1.000
11.000
0.360
0.967
REMOVAL
(*)
98.9
64
REFERENCE
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
NPDES *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-7
-------
Aroclor 1260. The data available for aroclor 1260 were compiled
from Che NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 4-163. The
technologies for which data are available include full-scale BT and Sed. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.028 ppb to 15.3 ppb.
BOAT for Aroclor 1260 is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data from a demonstrated technology.
Although Sed data were also available, this technology alone is not considered
applicable for the treatment of organics and therefore was not considered for
BDAT. The BDAT treatment standard for Aroclor 1260 was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 0.967 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for Aroclor 1260 (0.014 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-163
HASTEHATEK TREATMENT PERFONUBCE DATA
FOR AROCLOR 1260
TECHNOLOGY
'A
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
IH0053384
IN0053384
PA0026662
LA0058882
NY0007129
LA0058882
LA0065501
MT0007129
IN0053384
Full LA0038245
Full 9UE
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1
43
33
.31
6
3!
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (1)
(Ppb)
0.500
15 .'300
1.000
12.260
1.000
0.833
0.500
0.967
0.028
REMOVAL REFERENCE
HI
N
N
K
N
K
N
N
N
52 8
PDES
'DES
DES
>DES
DES
T)ES
•DES
'DES
>DES
'DES *
•RL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-8
-------
Benzene (U019). Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for benzene, including data from the ITD, BOAT, and WERL
databases as well as literature PACT" data. These data are presented in
Table 4-5. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons
(AL), aerobic lagoons followed by activated sludge (AL+AS), API oil/water
separation followed by dissolved air flotation and activated sludge
(API+DAF+AS), AS, AS+Fil, air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by
granular activated carbon, (AirS+GAC), GAG, liquid, liquid extraction (LL),
liquid, liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL+SS), liquid, liquid
extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon (LL+SS+AC), PACTR,
RO, SS, trickling filter (TF), trickling filter followed by activated sludge
(TF+AS), and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the ITD database were .
used for setting the proposed and promulgated BOAT standard for this
constituent for the following reasons:
(1) The ITD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by ITD include
long-term sampling of several industries. These data are
therefore a good reflection of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The ITD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an ITD
promulgated limit.
(3) A promulgated ITD limit represents data that have undergone
both EPA and industry review and acceptance.
BDAT for benzene is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
as steam stripping (SS). The BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the
ITD median long-term average of 10 ppb and the ITD Option 1 variability
factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for benzene
(0.14 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-9
-------
TABLE 4-5
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR BENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Si
AS+Fil
AjrS
AjrS
AjrS
AjrS
AirS
AirS+GAC
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Benc
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
Benc
Benc
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
tH
a
Ful
Benc
Fu
Fu
Fu
Ful
'&
Ful
"Rf
Pilo
Ful
Pilo
h 371D
6B
IB
6B
233D
1482D
1 6B
1 200B
1 200B
IB
6B
IB
6B
6B
IB
202D
6B
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
6B 1000-10000
6B 1000-10000
6B
1 200B
6B
234A
201B
IB
206B
234A
6B
?1328E
322B
224B
322B
1362E
Full 229A
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
2
6
2
21
4
7
16
8
6
22
6
14
3
6
3
27
28
if
100-1000
0-]
0-
0-
0-
100000-:
10000-
loo-:
00
.00
00
.00
000000
00000
000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
10
6
20
3
5
22
1
3
19
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (t)
(PPb}
60.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
13.000
3.700
10.000
0.800
1.000
2.000
30.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
2.000
40.000
10.000
lo.'ooo
0.500
10.000
0.600
6.000
16.000
0.200
0.700
20.000
9300.000
0.440
0.500
5i'ooo
i.'ooo
REMOVAL
(*)
98
98.9
94.4
92.3
99.9
99.96
98.8
99.3
99.83
99
91.7
99.55
95.7
95.6
98.9
99.97
99.09
99.8
99.71
89.6
97.8
99.97
99.83
81
84
99.73
97.4
99.99
90
99.74
99.67
98.7
99.09
90.9
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
B-10
-------
TABLE 4-5 (Continued)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOE BENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
GAC
Li
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
80
8
80
SO
* SS
* SS
* SS
* SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
TF
TF+AS
DF
WOx
WOl [Bl
WOX B
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLOENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
Ful
Fu
Fu
Fit
Ful
Benc
245B
K104
K103
K103/K104
K103/K104
242B
Bench 200B
Bench Zinpro
Full 250B
Full 250B
Pilot 323B
Pllo
Fu
Fu
R
Fu
FU
Fu
ft
Fu
FU
Fu
Pilo
Ful
Benc
Benc
t 250B
250B
0415
2680
1494
0415
6B
6B
}6B
6B
251B
IB
6B
250B
242E
1 1054E
h 1054E
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
1000-10000
4500-320000
32000-81000
4500-320000
4500-320000
0-100
100-1000
290
29
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
22300-48100
34693-147212
239-2008310
274000-412000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1
5
5
5
4
12
1
1
1
4
B
3
3
12
10
10
5
3
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (t)
(ppb)
10.000
35600.000 76.0
3560.000 76.0
5.600 76.0
19.000 76.0
5.000
0.700
1.000
5.000
140.000
3.800
32.000
50.000
67.000
38.800
44*800
200JOO
200.000
48.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
230.000
29.000
500.000
180000.000
REMOVAL
(»)
99.28
83
99.34
99.7
83
92.2
95.1
19
78
92.7
99.94
99.99
99.97
99.99
96.3
97.5
99.97
78
99.64
53
82
REFERENCE
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BDAI
WAT
WERL
WERL
HAO
WAO
WERL
mi
HERL
WERL
HERL
ITD-L *
ITD-L*
ITD-L *
ITD-L *
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-ll
-------
gamma-BHC (U129). The data available for gamma-BHC were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 4-140.
Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS, BT, CAC, GAG, PACT",
and TF. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.006 ppb to
99 ppb.
BDAT for gamma-BHC is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as carbon adsorption. Granular activated carbon (GAG) was selected
as BDAT since it represents full-scale data with a high influent concentration
and a high removal efficiency. The BDAT treatment standard for gamma-BHC was
calculated using the effluent concentration of 0.12 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BDAT treatment standard for gamma-BHC (0.0017 ppm) is described in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
CAC
* GAC
PACT
TF
TF
TF
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
pjiot
PllO
Fill
Pilo
PllO
Ful
Pilol
Bend
tt
M
PllO
Ful]
Benc
fa
PllO
WASTEWATER
DETECTION
FACILITY LINIT
(ppb)
-------
Chlordane (U036). The data available for chlordane were compiled
from the NPDES database and literature data. These data are presented in
Table 4-141. Technologies for which data are available include full-scale BT
and pilot-scale Chred. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.01 ppb to 483 ppb, with a detection limit for chlordane established a
0.014 ppb. (See Table C-l, Appendix C.)
BOAT for chlordane is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BOAT since it represents full-scale treatment performance data and was the
only technology for which the Agency had data. The BDAT treatment standard
for chlordane was calculated using an effluent concentration of 0.2336 ppb
(which represents the average of all BT effluent values; a value below the
detection limit was set at the detection limit) and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BDAT treatment standard for chlordane (0.0033 ppm) is described in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-13
-------
TABLE 4-141
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORCHLORDANE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE ~ (ppb)
CA0107611
CA0048216
CA0037681
CA0037681
OH0058874
LA0058882
LA0065501
LA0058882
PA0026531
CA0038598
Q0048194
CA0107417
BT FU
BT FU
BT FU
BT FU
BT FU
BT FU
BT Fu
BT FU
8 R
BT FU
BT FU
BT Fu
Chred Pilo
. CA0108031
LA0038245
CA0107395
CA0048160
TN0020711
CA0037737
CA0048143
CA0047996
CA0037494
CA0047881
CA0047364
CA0022756
CA0110604
RAUGE NO. OF
INFLUENT DATA
CONCENTRATION POINTS
(ppb)
1
5
13
29
5
33
6
32
29
\
6
1
38
5
3
22
4
2
1
2
3
1
9
30 6
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (!)
(ppb)
0.1000
132.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0200
15.9000
0.5000
15 6000
483.4500
«
0.0802
0.0100
1.6500
0.2360
0.0100
0.0400
0.0500
0.1600
0.0500
0.1250
0.0500
0.0502
0.5000
0.1000
0.1000
REMOVAL REFERENCE
0)
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
SSBIS
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
ART
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-1A
-------
Chlorobenzene (U037). The data available for chlorobenzene were
compiled from the WERL database, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and literature PACT"
and WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-11. Technologies for which
data are available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), AL, AS, AirS, biological
granular activated carbon columns (BGAC), BT, GAG, PACT", RO, SS, and WOx.
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.250 ppb to
1,550,000 ppb.
BDAT for chlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was
used as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable
by this technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the AS
and PACT" treatment performance data. The BDAT treatment standard for
chlorobenzene was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for chlorobenzene (0.057
ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-15
-------
TABLE 4-11
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CHLOROBENZEKE
TECHNOLOGY
AFF
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AJTS
AirS
BGAC
BT
BT
BT
BT
* BT
BT+AC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
SS
m
HOX
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Bench 501A
Bench 371D
Bench 200B
Bench 200B
Full 975B
Full 6B
Bench 200B
Full 975B
Full 975B
Full IB
Pjlot 206B
.Pilot 241B
Ful
Benc
Benc
Benc
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
ft
Ful
Ful
Ful
ft
Benc
Benc
Benc
Pilo
Ful
Ful
Benc
Benc
L 975B
1 1328E
1 1328E
501A
P206
P246
P263
REF4
P202
P246
245B
245B
237A
1421D
6B
200B
1 242E
i Zinpro
; 323B
2 SOB
250B
251B
i Zjapro
j Zinpro
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
929-49775
10-3040
443-832
1900
79-429
10-7200
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
31
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
5535000
792000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
9
12
6
4
8
6
20
5
5
5
23
8
13
3
1
20
16
1
1
4
11
1
1
10
1
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
1.000
160.000
1 100
1.300
6.000
10.000
0.200
10.000
6.000
3.000
1.300
4.000
12.000
1800.000
3300.000
0.290
841.000
101.000
504.000
12.000
10.000
30.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
0.250
10.000
0.800
5.000
5.000
12.000
120 000
10.000
1550000.000
61000.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(*) (*)
90.7
94.7
99.17
99.81
94.6
98.9
99.23
94.6
84
98.9
99.34
98.6
97.8
77
89
97.6
96.6
99.7
99.17
56
99.38
99.37
84
84
50
53
91.6
97.4
72
92.3
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
BDAT
BDAT i
BDAT
BDAT
BDAT f *
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
HERL
WERL
HERL
WAO
HAO
I ITD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Docunent.
* Data usef in developing proposed standard.
B-16
-------
2-ChlorophenoI (U048). The data available for 2-chlorophenol were
compiled from Che VERL database and literature PACT" and WAO data. These data
are presented in Table 4-72. Technologies for which data are available
include AL, AS, PACT*, rotating biological contactors (RBC), SCOx, and WOx.
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.05 ppb to
39,000 ppb.
BDAT for 2-chlorophenol is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as activated sludge biological treatment (BT). Activated sludge
was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale treatment with high
influent concentrations and a high removal efficiency. The BDAT treatment
standard for 2-chlorophenol was calculated using the effluent concentration of
10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for 2-chlorophenol
(0.044 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-72
WASTEWATEK TREATIUHT PEKFOKHANCE DATA
FOR 2-CHLOROPHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
* AS
AS
AS
AS
PACT
PACT
RBC
SCOx
WOx
»0x [Bl
WOX IB)
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE
Pilot 192D
Pilot 192D
Full 6B
fill
Pilo
Benc
?ul
Pilo
Benc
Benc
Benc
t 192D
6B
t 192D
a Zinpro
66
; ~ 192D
6.5D
3 Zinpro
1 235A
1 1101D
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT IHFLDEHT
(ppb) OONCENTRATION
(ppb)
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
31.9
10000-100000
100-1000
>1001000000
>1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
2
3
1
10
1
1
EFFLOENT RECOVERY
OJNCENTRATION (1)
(PPb)
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
0.050
93.000
10.000
36.000
15000.000
17000.000
39000.000
REMOVAL
W
95
99.07
99.93
95
97.2
99.07
99.84
99.78
95
99.99
99.88
99.86
99.22
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL *
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-17
-------
m-Dichlorobenzene (D071). The data available for m-dichlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-77A. In
addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry just prior
to proposal are presented in Table 4-77B. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), AS, AirS, BGAC, GAC, PACT", RO,
and BT. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.160 ppb to
3,300 ppb.
At proposal, BOAT for m-dichlorobenzene was identified as biological
treatment and the treatment standard was based on an effluent concentration of
3.6 ppb from activated sludge (AS). Between proposal and promulgation, EPA
evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available for m-dichloro-
benzene. Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial
treatment of m-dichlorobenzene and showed average leachate effluent values
greater than that of activated sludge, these data were used to calculate the
promulgated standard. Therefore, BOAT for m-dichlorobenzene is biological
treatment.
The BOAT treatment standard for m-dichlorobenzene was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT
treatment standard for m-dichlorobenzene (0.036 ppm) is described in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-18
-------
TABLE 4-77A
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 8-DICHLOROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
APF
AS
* AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
BGAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
Bench
Full — •
Pull
Pilot
Pull
Ml
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pun
full
Pilot
Pilot
FACILITY
501A
1587E
975B
241B
IB
975B
202D
1328E
501A
1421D
975B
6B
323B
180A
DETECTION RANGE
LIMIT INFLUENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
34
11
2
5
34
10
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
7.100
0.270
3.600
41.000
5.000
1.200
340.000
3300.000
0.500
0.290
2.000
25.000
9.000
0.160
RECOVERY REMOVAL
2«
77
99.14
89
98
93.3
99.51
89
94.9
80
83
96.9
66
69
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
WERL *
WER
WER
WER
WER
HER
HER
HER
J
t
1
J
t
J
j
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
TABLE 4-77B
INDUSTRY-SUBMITTED TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA FOR B-DICHLOROBENZBNE
TECHHOLOGY
TECSHOLOGY
SIZE
FACILITY
DETECTIOH
LIMT
RAKGE
INFLUENT
COHCENTEATIOH
(PPD)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATIO
(PPb)
BT
DON
10
46-205
10.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
91.24 LEACBATE
B-19
-------
o-Dichlorobenzene (U070). The data available for o-dichlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and literature
WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-78. Technologies for which
data are available include AFF, AL, AS, AirS, BGAC, BT, GAG, PACT", RBC, RO,
and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.09 ppb to
2,017,000 ppb.
BDAT for o-dichlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from ITD sampling and was
used as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable
by this technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the
WERL activated sludge treatment performance data. The BDAT treatment standard
for o-dichlorobenzene was calculated using the effluent concentration of 16
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for o-dichlorobenzene
(0.088 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-20
-------
TABLE 4-78
WASTEWATER TREATNJNT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR o-DICHLOROBENZENE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIHIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE
(ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (t) (»)
(ppb) (ppb)
AFF Bench 501A 0-100 25 0.380 96 WERL
AL Pilot - 192D 100-1000 10.000 97.7 WERL
AL Pilot 192D 1000-10000 100.000 94.8 WERL
AL Benc
AS FuT
AS Ful
AS PllO
AS Pllo
M RS
AS Ful
AS Ful
AS Benc
AS Ful
AS B$nc
AS PllO
AS Benc
AS Ful
JFul
Benc
S PUO
BGAC Benc
SFUl
ft
BT Ful
BT+AC Ful
GAC Ful
GAC Fill
PACT Benc
PACT Benc
fig tf
RBC PllO
RO PUO
RO PllO
WOx Benc
HOx Benc
HOx Pilo
S 371D 1000-10000 72.000 97.6 WE
L IB
100-1000 4 6.000 96 WE
L 6B lOOd-iOOOO 3 52.000 98.5 WE
t 192D 1000-10000 110.000 94.3 WE
: 192D 100-1000 270.000 37 WE
6B
IB
IB
6B
100-1000 330 35.000 96.2 WE
100-1000 2 5.000 96.2 WE
0-100 3 2.000 94.3 WE
1000-10000 4 16.000 99.33 WEI
i 200B 106-1000 14 8.000 92.7 WEI
IB
1587
l 202
i 16%
375
6B
i 1054
100-1000 5 10.000 91.7 WE
B 0-100 1.200 79 WE
RL
it
IL
IL-
I,
li
t
h 1
:L
i
L
'L
RL
) 10000-100000 50.000 99.94 WERL
} 100-1000 10 25.000 93.2 WER,
! 100-1000 5 1.600 99.6 WERL
I 0-100 7 5.000 67 WEI
100-1000 3 10.000 92.9 WE
E 100-1000 8.000 98.4 WE
l 1328E 10000-100000 5 6200.000 74 WE
: 222B 0-100 1 0.500 83 WE
1 501A 0-100 34 0.310 96.8 WE
P246 768-2801 14 596.000 BQ
reo
2 1350-4387 4 16.000 BD
1 1
IL
L
L
L
i
\ *
P206 "233-2333 10 88.000 BOAT i
P246 768-3275 17 176.000 BD
245B 100-1000 1 10.000 98.9 WE
1421D 0-11
l 242E 0-11
X) 0.270 90 WE
» 5.000 83 WE
i 200B 100-1000 14 2.900 97.5 WE
g
1000-3
100-1
; 192D 100-3
323
180
B 0-K
A 0-K
LOOOO 10 88.000 98.5 WE
000 4 64.000 90 WE
000 10.000 97.7 WE
0 1 11.000 70 WE
0 0.090 92.5 WEI
& '
iL
i:
I,
t,
1,
[,
^
\
Zimro 590000 1 150000.000 74.6 WAO ,
1 ZlSro 6530000 1 2017000.000 69.1 WAO
; 78D >1000000 29000.000 98.7 WERL
I ITD data wesented in tbe BOAT Solvents Me F001-F005 Background Doonent.
* Data uswin developing proposed standard.
B-21
-------
p-Dichlorobenzene (D072). The data available for p-dtchlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database and literature UAO data. These data are
presented in Table 4-79. Technologies for which data are available include
AFF, AL, AS, AirS, BGAC, CAC, ChOx, GAC, PACT", RBC, RO, and TF. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.004 ppb to 3,600 ppb.
BOAT for p-dichlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as activated sludge biological treatment (AS). Activated sludge
was selected as BOAT because it represents full-scale data with high influent
concentrations and high removal efficiencies. The BOAT treatment standard for
p-dichlorobenzene was calculated using an effluent concentration of 16.33 ppb
(which represents an average of the data presented for the activated sludge
technology in the high influent concentration ranges) and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for p-dichlorobenzene (0.090 ppm) is
described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-22
-------
TABLE 4-79
WASTEWATEX TREATMENT PE
FOB p-DICT
DATA
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(pp6)
AFF Bench 501A 0-100
AL P;
AL Pi
it
AS FU
AS FU
AS Pll
* AS FU
AS P
AS Pi
AS P
AS Pi
AS PI
AS FU
AS P 1
AS FU
AS FU
AS fU
AS Pll
AS FU
* AS FU
AS Fu
* AS FU
AirS Ben
BGAC Ben
Ot - 192D 0-100
Ot 203A 0-100
Ot 203A 0-100
Ot 192D 100-1000
ilB 0-100
234A 0-100
ot 241B 100-1000
Ot 192D 100-1000
Ot 631D 0-100
Ot 631D 0-100
Ot 240A 100-1000
Ot 192D 0-100
11 234A 0-100
Ot 241B 100-1000
1 201B 0-100
1 IT 0-100
11 IB 0-100
t 203A 0-100
1 234A 0-100
6B 100-1000
975B 0-100
1 975B 100-1000
Ch 1328E 10000-100000
Cl 501A 0-100
CAC Pilot 203A 0-100
CbOl Bench 975B 0-100
GAC Full 245B 100-1000
GAC Fu
PACT Ben
PACT Ben
PACT Ben
RBC PU
RO Pjl
8 Hi
11 1421D 0-100
Ch 975B 0-100
Cb 9.758 0-100
ch Zimro 36.6
ot 192D 0-100
Ot 180A 0-100
Ot 240A 100-1000
Ot 203A 0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
27
11
11
2
4
12
11
2
1
1
11
4
34
11
1
1
il
AVERAGE
EFFLDENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
0 200
io!ooo
31.000
12.000
10.000
io!ooo
12.000
10.000
0.004
0.004
8.000
10.000
0.500
19.000
6.000
5.000
8.000
5.000
0.500
10.000
4.900
27.000
*W
66.000
5.000
10.000
S'ooo
s.'ooo
0.015
10.000
0.670
ss'.ooo
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(*) (*)
98.1
88
67
87
90.5
76
81
90.7
99.63
90.5
99
99
93.8
88
90
95.1
79
93.1
83
tf6,
91.7
97
92.8
96.6
97?5
29
91.1
96
92
93.5
92.3
99.96
88
61
88
38
REFERENCE
WESL
WERL
WERL
S
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL *
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL
WERL
S
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
J§L.
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-23
-------
2.4-Dichlorophenoxvacetic Acid (U240). The data available for 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were compiled from the NPDES and BOAT databases and
are presented in Table 4-154. Technologies for which data are available
include full-scale BT and chlorination (ChOx(Cl)) as well as pilot-scale
WOx+PACT". The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.1 ppb to
30,432 ppb.
BDAT for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is being promulgated as
proposed and is identified as chlorination (ChOx(Cl)). ChOx(Cl) was selected
as BDAT since it represents full-scale data developed for the BDAT program
(K099) using BDAT standard procedures. The BDAT treatment standard for 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was calculated using the effluent concentration of
51.5 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.72 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-10.
Biological treatment data were presented on 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid in the comments on the Third Third Rule. The Agency reviewed these
data and found that the influent concentrations were low (i.e. between 3-6 ppb
with one value at 320 ppb). The effluent concentrations were at a detection
limit of 3 ppb. Since the data available to the Agency at proposal had higher
influent concentrations-, the Agency preferred to use these data instead of the
data submitted in the comments on the Third Third Rule. These data were
therefore not considered further for determination of BDAT.
Wastes which are believed to contain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
salts and/or esters are required to meet the BDAT standards identified in the
Final BDAT Background Document for Wastewater and Nonwastewater Forms of
Organic U and P Wastes for Which a Method of Treatment Standard Has Been Set,
Volume B (Reference 19).
B-24
-------
TABLE 4-154
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE - (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (I) (I)
(ppb) (ppb)
BT
* CbO)j(Cl)
Mta * PACT
Full
AR0038512
AR0038512
OH0058874
LA0038245
K099
Zinpro
20
30
26900
28000-74000
22
20
5
37
2
30431.800
13405.200
0.100
910.030
51.500 96
323.330
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
BOAT *
WAO
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-25
-------
Endrin (F051). The data available for endrin were compiled from the
NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-148. The technology for which
data were available was full-scale BT. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.0003 ppb to 94 ppb with a detection limit for endrin established
at 0.006 ppb (see Table C-l, Appendix C).
BOAT for endrin is being promulgated as proposed and is identified
as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as BOAT since
it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated technology for
which the Agency has data. The BOAT treatment standard for endrin was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 0.1992 ppb (which represents the
average of all BT effluent values; a value below the detection limit was set
at the detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard
for endrin (0.0028 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
B-26
-------
TABLE 4-148
WASTEWATER TREATMENT" PERFORMANCE DATA
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
SIZE -
AR0037800
AR0037800
AR0037800
CA0037681
CA0038598
AR0037800
AR0037800
Q0037681
LA0058882
CA0048194
CA0048216
CA0107417
Q0107611
LA0058882
LA0065501
BT Full CA0108031
BT Full CA0047996
BT Full CA0110604
BT Full CA0047364
BT Full CA0037737
BT Full CA0048143
BT Full CA0047881
BT Full CA0037494
BT Full CA0022756
BT Full LA0038245
FOR ENDRIN
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF
LIMIT INFLUENT DATA
(ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS
(PPb)
3
46
43
29
5
39
31
13
32
5
5
6
1
33
6
1
1
9
4
2
1
2
1
38
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
0.0200
20.0000
0.0200
0.2900
0.0180
0.0200
0.6600
0.1000
15 0000
0.0580
94.0000
0.0801
0.0200
15.3000
0.1000
0.0003
0 0200
0.0200
0.0133
0.0080
0.1000
0.2000
0.0375
0.5000
1.0868
RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
(*) (*)
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-27
-------
Heotachlor (P059). The data available for heptachlor were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 4-150.
Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS, BT, CAC, GAG, and
TF. The treatment performance data represents pilot- and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.01 ppb to 26 ppb with a
detection limit for heptachlor established at 0.083 ppb (see Table C-l,
Appendix C).
BDAT for heptachlor is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as carbon adsorption. Granular activated carbon (GAG) was selected
as BDAT since it represents full-scale data with a high influent concentration
and a high removal efficiency. The BDAT treatment standard for heptachlor was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 0.083 ppb (which represents the
detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard
for heptachlor (0.0012 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-150
WASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA
FOR HEPTACHLOR
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
CAC
* GAC
TF
TF
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
P;lot
Pilot
P;lo' :
P|lo :
FACILITY T1
PI
A0058882
A0065501
A0026531
203A
203A
240A
203A
Pilot 204A
Full LA0038245
ITT INFLCENT
)b) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
full PA0026247
Ful
P|lo ;
Pilot
203A
237A
203A
240A
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS (
33
32
29
u
11
13
11
8
25
11
1
11
12
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
30NCENTRATION (*)
(PPb)
15.3000
15.0000
0.1000
22.4140
0.0430
13.0000
13.0000
25.0000
13.0000
2.3000
1.7590
0.8470
14.0000
0.0100
18.0000
26.0000
REMOVAL
W
67
67
68
67
92.8
64
99.99
54
67
REFERENCE
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
HERL
WER,
HER,
WER,
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL *
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-28
-------
Heptachlor Epoxide (P059). The data available for heptachlor
epoxide were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in
Table 4-151A. The technology for which data were available was full-scale BT.
The effluent concentrations of all the data presented ranged from 0.1 ppb to
16.5 ppb.
BDAT for heptachlor epoxide is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BDAT treatment standard for
heptachlor epoxide was calculated using the effluent concentration of 1.1449
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for heptachlor
epoxide (0.016 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-151A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT _INFLDENT. DATA. EFFLDEHT.._ RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE Jppb) CONCENTRATION FOISTS COMCHITRATIOI (1) (I)
(ppb)
LA0065501 6 0.1000 HPDES
LA0058882 32 15.9000 NPDES
LA0058882 33 16.5000 NPDES
* BT Full LA0038245 39 1.1449 NPDES *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-29
-------
Hexachlorobenzene (U127). The data available for hexachlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 4-94.
Technologies for which data are available include AS, AS+Fil, and GAG and the
data are all from treatment at full-scale facilities. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.01 ppb to 20 ppb.
BOAT for hexachlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). AS+Fil was
selected as BOAT since it represents full-scale data with a high influent
concentration and a high removal efficiency. The BOAT treatment standard for
hexachlorobenzene was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb
and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for hexachlorobenzene
(0.055 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-30
-------
TABLE 4-94
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
AS
* AS+Fil
GAC
TECHHOLOGY
SIZE
Full
Full -
Full
Full
DETECTION RANGE
FACILITY LIMIT INFLCENT
(ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
375E
375E
6B
237A
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLDEHT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (i) (I)
(PPb)
7
7
14
1
0.010
0.010
10.000
20.000
83
94.4
96.7
38
REFERENCE
•ifSL
'mi
X'ERL *
HERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
TABLE 4-95
WASTEWATEJ TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
TECHNOLOGY
AS
* AS+FU
* Asm!
GAC
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLOENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
Pilot 241B
Full 6B
Full 6B
Full 237A
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLDEHT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (!) (I)
(ppb)
11
14
1
15.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
96.2
92.8
99.6
82
REFERENCE
ViERL
WERL *
MERL *
mi
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-31
-------
Hexachlorocvclopentadiene (U130). The data available for
hexachlorocyclopentadiene were compiled from the NPDES database and literature
WAO data. These data are presented in Table 4-96. The treatment technologies
for which data are available include full-scale BT and bench-scale WOx. The
effluent concentrations of all the data documented ranged from 0.2 ppb to 15,000
ppb.
BOAT for hexachlorocyclopentadiene is being promulgated as proposed
and is identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT since it represents full-scale treatment performance. The BOAT
treatment standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 10.263 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene (0.057 ppm) is described in Section 6.0
and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-96
NASTENATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
• BT Full
WOx B«nch
DETECTION
FACILITY LIMIT
(ppb)
LA006S501
MI0025739
LA0066214
NY0107174
LA003824S
Zlapro
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
>10000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
6
1
IS
24
36
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
10.000
0.200
10.000
1.000
10.263
15000.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
(%> (»)
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
99.9 HAO
*
B-32-
-------
Methoxvclor (U247). The data available for methoxyclor were
compiled from the WERL and NFDES databases and are presented in Table 4-152.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale BT and WOx. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.01 ppb to 53.652 ppb.
BOAT for methoxychlor is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as wet air oxidation (WOx). Wet air oxidation was selected as BOAT
since it represents a full-scale demonstrated technology with substantial
treatment for methoxyclor. In addition, the wet air oxidation data showed a
high influent concentration. The BDAT treatment standard for methoxyclor was
calculated using the effluent concentration of 18 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BDAT treatment standard for methoxyclor (0.25 ppm) is described in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-152
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR METHOXYCLOR
DETECTION RANGE HO. OF AVERAGE
TECHHOLOG? TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT IHFLOENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCQfTRATI
SIZE fppb) COMCENTRATIOM PODTTS CONCQfTRATIOM (I) (I)
(ppb) (ppb)
OB0058874 5 0.0100 HPDES
BT Full WV0000108 14 53.6520 MPDES
* WOX FUll 78D 1000-10000 18.0000 99.8 WERL *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-33
-------
Pentachlorobenzene (U183). No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for pentachlorobenzene from any of the examined sources.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from
a constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional
groups within the structure of the chemical. For constituents represented by
a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste
treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data.
Pentachlorobenzene is in treatability group III.A.2.c.(3)(b) and the
constituent used to transfer treatment performance data from was
hexachlorobenzene. The treatment performance data for hexachlorobenzene are
presented in Table 4-94. Using a transfer from this constituent results in a
BDAT for pentachlorobenzene of activated sludge followed by filtration and a
BOAT treatment standard of 0.055 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-10.
B-34
-------
Phenol (U188). Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for phenol, including data from the ITD, BOAT, and WERL
databases as well as literature WAO data. These data are presented in Table
4-109A. In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by
industry just prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-109B. Technologies
for which data are available include AL, API+DAF+AS, AS, ChOx, GAG, BT, LL,
LL+SS, LL+SS+AC, PACT", RBC, RO, SBR, SS, TF, WOx, AS+Fil, and Anff. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
At proposal, BOAT for phenol was identified as biological treatment
and the treatment standard was based on an ITD median long-term average
effluent concentration of 10.363 ppb from the ITD database. Between proposal
and promulgation, EPA evaluated the industry-submitted leachate data available
for phenol. Since this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial
treatment of phenol, these data were used to calculate the promulgated
standards. Therefore, BDAT for phenol is biological treatment.
The BDAT treatment standard for phenol was calculated using the
effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for phenol (0.039 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-10.
B-35
-------
TABLE 4-109A
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
B
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Pil
AStPll
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
Pilo
Pilo
Pul
_ " ,^
Pilo
Pul
Ful
Benc
IS
Pilo
Ful
Ful
fit
Pul
Ful
Put
Benc
HIS
rft
Pilo
Pu
FU
FU
Fu
Fu
Pilo
Pul
Pitt
Pilo
Pul
Benc
Fu
Fu
Pu
Ful
203A
- 203A
6B
192D
1482D
IB
IB
1 202D
6B
IB
203A
201B
IB
6B
IB
IB
975B
IB
1 1054E
240A
6B
241B
6B
975B
6B
IB
IB
6B
226B
975B
6B
204A
192D
6B
1 1054E
6B
IB
6B
6B
RANGE
INFLDENT
CONCENTRATION
(Ppb)
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000- 00000
100000-1000000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
11
11
3
4
5
6
39
11
31
6
6
3
5
^
3
4
10
11
6
6
3
6
2
8
4
13
6
3
15
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
84.000
18.000
11.000
10.000
85.000
2.000
26.000
0.010
10.000
8.000
14.000
20.000
1.000
10.000
61.000
1.000
6.600
1.000
0.250
10.000
15.000
4000.0dO
120.000
8.000
21.000
20.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
10.000
500.000
160.000
10.000
14.000
10.000
56.000
1000.000
10.000
25.000
13.000
10.000
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(*) (*)
33
86
90.8
98.99
89.5
98.6
63
99.99
96.4
97.2
89
92.6
99.89
99.94
92.4
96.4
99.87
99.33
99.88
90
98
95.2
97.9
97.2
99.64
87
96.3
99.44
98.3
98.6
99.95
95
99.99
94.6
98.99
96.9
95
99.99
94.4
99.98
98
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
UERL
WERL
UERL
UERL
WERL
WERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
HERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
HERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
mi
WERL •
WERL
UERL
WERL
WERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
UERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
UERL
WERL
UERL
B-36
-------
TABLE 4-109A (Continued)
HASTEHATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
AnPP
AnPF
AnFP
AnFP
AnFP
AnPP
AnPP
AnPPvGAC
CAC
ChOx
ChOx
CoOx
GAC
GAC
GAC
*BT
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
SBC
SBC
SO
SBS
SBS
SBS
SBRvPACT
SExt
TF
TP
HOX
MOX [B]
WOX B
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLOENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
PJ
PI
Ben
Pi
PI
PU
P;
PI
Bern
Ben
Ben<
Ben
Pu.
Pu.
Fu,
F\L
ffl
Ben
Bern
Fu.
t>t 231A 1000000
Jt 231A 1000000
A 230A 100000-1000000
3t 231A 100000-1000000
5t 231A 100000-1000000
:h 230A >1000000
at 235D 100000-1000000
)t 249D 1000000
at 203A 100-1000
A 975B 100-1000
A 975B 100-1000
A 975B 1000-10000
A 1054E 100-1000
245B 100-1000
I 237A 1000-10000
1293 10 698564-978672
1 K10 30 150000-300000
K103 30 1500000-3000000
1 K103/K104 30 150000-3000000
1 R1037K104 30 150000-3000000
:h 190E 10000-100000
A 975B 1000-10000
. 6B 1000-10000
Bend) 975B 1000-10000
Pttot 603J 100000-1000000
Pilot 192D 100-1000
Ml 250B 1000-10000
P;lot 1433D 10000-100000
Pilot 227D 100000-1000000
Bend) 64D 100000-1000000
Ben
Pll<
pjl(
Pll(
Pu.
Plfi
Pu.
Bern
Ben<
Bern
. Bent
:h 64D 100000-1000000
>t 1082E >1000000
)t 1082E 100000-1000000
)t 203A 100-1000
.1 IB 100-1000
) 240A 0-100
IB 0-100
:h Ziipro 10000000
A 105W 100000-1000000
: 11010 >1000000
A 236A HOOOOOO
NO. OP
DATA
POINTS
11
1
1
15
5
5
5
4
3
16
1
11
6
10
6
1
1
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
CONCENTRATION (i)
(PPb)
700.000
30.000
10 000
70.000
1000.000
240.000
50.000
99.000
16.000
2.000
12.000
10.000
10.000
5 000
10.000
165000.000 21
84000.000 21
2400.000 21
60.000 21
1.800
2.000
30.000
8.000
"M
120.000
1000.000
1000.000
3000.000
1000.000
210000.000
160.000
64.000
47.000
8.000
1.000
20000.000
27000.000
3600.000
3000.000
REMOVAL
(*)
99.98
99.99
98.97
99.99
99.98
99.95
99.86
99.99
21
93.3
98.3
99.37
99
92.6
99.89
99.99
99.96
98.6
99.85
99.6
98.99
93.6
97.7
99.81
99.63
99.88
95.4
24
49
82
91.3
98.2
99.8
97.3
99.92
99.97
REFERENCE
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
ITD-L *
BDAT
BDAT
BDAT
BDAT
HERL
HERL
HE 1 1
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HERL
HAO
HERL
HERL
HERL
Data used in developing proposed standard.
4-1
IHDOSTSY-SUBHITfED LEACHATl TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA FOR PHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
BT
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACILITY
DOM
DETECTION
10
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
715-2500~~~
NO. OF
POINTS
B-37
-------
Silvex. Limited data were available for silvex from one NPDES
facility. These data are presented in Table 4-155. Due to a lack of
information on this facility (i.e., influent concentration, technology basis)
these data were not used to set BDAT. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be
similar in elemental composition and functional groups within the structure of
the chemical. For constituents represented by a U or P code, this means that
constituents included in the same waste treatability group (see Appendix B)
were candidates for transfer of data. Silvex is similar in structure to
constituents in treatability group III.A.2.c.(3)(c) and the constituent used
to transfer treatment performance data from was 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid. The treatment performance data for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
are presented in Table 4-154. Using a transfer from this constituent results
in a BOAT for silvex of chlorination (ChOx(Cl)) and a BDAT treatment standard
of 0.72 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-155
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR SILVEX
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLDEHT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (I) (I)
(ppb) (ppb)
SIZE
HOOOOS6S 9 3.778 NEVES
B-38
-------
Toxaphene (P123). The data available for toxaphene were compiled
from the NFDES database and are presented in Table 4-153. The technology for
which data were available was full-scale BT. Resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.05 ppb to 1,004 ppb with a detection limit for
toxaphene established a 0.24 ppb (see Table C-l, Appendix C).
BDAT for toxaphene is being promulgated as proposed and is
identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was selected as
BDAT since it represents full-scale data and is the only demonstrated
technology for which the Agency has data. The BDAT treatment standard for
toxaphene was calculated using an effluent concentration of 0.6781 ppb (which
represents the average of all BT effluent values; a value below the detection
limit was set at the detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor
and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT
treatment standard for toxaphene (0.0095 ppm) is described in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-10.
4-153
WASTEWATBR TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOX TOXAPBEHE
DETECTION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT
SIZE (ppb)
'
* BT Fill
BT Fu
BT Fu
BT Fu
BT FU
BT Fu
BT Fu
BT FU
BT Fu
BT Ful
OH0058874
GA0003735
CA0107611
CA0048194
CA0037681
LA0058882
CA0048216
LA0058882
LA0065501
MS0027995
CA0107417
GA0003735
Q0037681
CAOOM598
Q0047881
CA0108031
CA0048143
CA0047996
CA0110604
CA0047364
CA0037737
CA0037494
CA0022756
LA0038245
RANGE NO. OF
IHFLDEHT DATA
CONCENTRATION POINTS (
(ppb)
5
1
1
5
13
33
5
32
6
8
5
39
29
5
1
1
2
1
9
3
4
1
38
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT RECOVERY
XnONTRATION (1)
(ppb)
0.2000
2.2000
0.1000
1.2520
15'9000
1004*.0000
15.6000
1.0000
444.0000
0.1001
1.3000
0.4000
0.7400
2.0000
0.1000
0.4500
0.0500
0.0900
0.3667
0.1325
0.2625
1.0000
1.7421
REMOVAL REFERENCE
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
m.
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES *
NPDES *
Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-39
-------
1.2.4.5-Tetrachlorobenzene (D207). The data available for 1,2,4,5-
tetrachlorobenzene were compiled from the NFDES database and are presented in
Table 4-113. Since influent values were not available for the NPDES data and
since the NFDES average effluent value was below the compound detection limit
of 1.5 ppb it cannot be determined that this data represents treatment.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from
a constituent judged to be similar in elemental composition and functional
groups within the structure of the chemical. For constituents represented by
a U or P code, this means that constituents included in the same waste
treatability group (see Appendix B) were candidates for transfer of data.
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is in treatability group III.A.2.c.(3)(b) and the
constituent used to transfer treatment performance data from was
hexachlorobenzene. The treatment performance data for hexachlorobenzene is
presented in Table 4-94. Using a transfer from this constituent results in a
BOAT for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene of activated sludge followed by filtration
and a BOAT treatment standard of 0.055 ppm as described in Section 6.0 and
shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-113
MASTMTEE TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBBfZENE
H
pp
B-40
-------
1.2.4-Tricholorobenzene. The data available for 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in
Table 4-115. Technologies for which data are available include AFF, AS, BGAC,
GAG, PACT", RO, and TF. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from 0.02 ppb to 89 ppb.
BOAT for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is being promulgated as proposed and
is identified as PACT". PACT" was selected as BOAT since this technology
represents full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a high
removal efficiency. The BOAT treatment standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (0.055 ppm) is
described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
TABLE 4-115
WASTBWATBR TREATMENT II_
FOE 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBl
DATA
TECHNOLOGY
AFF
AS
AS
fi
AS
AS
AS
BGAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
* PACT
JO
TF
DETECTION RANGE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTfiATIOM
(PPD)
•Sfl
Pilo
Kt
SSI
Benc
Benc
Ful
Fill
Benc
rSr
Pilo
Ful
1 »
241B
IB
201B
IB
975B
200B
[501A
_ 245B
1421D
6B
180A
L IB
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
NO. OF AVERAGE
DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS CONCENTRATION (I) (t)
TPPb)
23
330
9
6
13
4
14
34
1
12
10
3
0.870
71.000
89.000
8.000
14.000
89.000
36.000
12.000
0.280
10.000
0.830
2.100
10.000
0.020
5.000
90.5
88
86
92
80
91.9
84
90
96.9
99.74
90
98
96
95.7
91.7
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
HERL
HERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL *
WERL
WERL
* Data used in developing proposed standard.
B-41
-------
2.4.5-Trichloroohenol. The data available for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 4-116A. In
addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry just prior
to proposal are presented in Table 4-116B. The demonstrated treatment
technology presented was BT.
At proposal, BOAT for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was identified as
activated sludge (AS) and the treatment standard was based on an effluent
concentration of 1 ppb from a transfer of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol treatment
performance data. Between proposal and promulgation, EPA evaluated the
industry-submitted leachate data available for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Since
this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial treatment of 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol and showed average leachate effluent values greater than that
of activated sludge, these data were used to calculate the promulgated
standard. In addition, the Agency preferred to set the BOAT treatment
standard on actual data rather than on a transfer of treatment performance
data. Therefore, BOAT for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is biological treatment.
The BOAT treatment standard for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 50 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BOAT
treatment standard for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (0.18 ppm) is described in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-42
-------
TABLE 4-116A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHEHOL
DETECTION RANGE NO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLDENT DATA EFFLUENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (») (I)
'___' (»b] (ppbj
Gr/'Rei " Kill WI0029149~4 8.000 NPDES
TABLE 4-116B
IHDCSW-SUBHTTED TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
DATA FOR 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHEMOL
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACILITY
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPb)
RANGE
INFLDENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
EFF
CONCH
(
8
LDENT
STRATIOH
M*)
RECOVERY
(*)
REMOVAL
(*)
REFERENCE
BT DOB 50 25-1000 3 50.000 90.1 LEACHATE
B-43
-------
2.4.6-Trichlorophenol. The data available for 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in
Table 4-117A. In addition, leachate treatment performance data submitted by
industry just prior to proposal are presented in Table 4-117B. Technologies
for which data are available include AS, BT, and RO. The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 0.01 ppb to 7,150 ppb.
At proposal, BDAT for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was identified as
activated sludge (AS) and the treatment standard was based on an effluent
concentration of 1 ppb. Between proposal and promulgation, EPA evaluated the
industry-submitted leachate data available for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Since
this data for biological treatment (BT) showed substantial treatment of 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol and showed average leachate effluent values greater than those
of activated sludge, these data were used to calculate the promulgated
standard. Therefore, BDAT for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is biological treatment.
The BDAT treatment standard for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT
treatment standard for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (0.035 ppm) is described in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-10.
B-44
-------
TABLE 4-117A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 2,4,6-TKICHLOKOPDENOL
DETECTION RANGE HO. OF AVERAGE
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY FACILITY LIMIT INFLUENT DATA EFFLDENT RECOVERY REMOVAL REFERENCE
SIZE (ppb) CONCENTRATION POINTS CONCENTRATION (t) (I)
(ppb) (ppb)
* AS Fu
* AS Fu
BT FU
BT Fu
BT FU
BT Fu
RO Pllo
PA0033367
- PA0036650
AR0038S12
PA0008231
LA0065501
AR0038512
CT0001341
HI0000868
PA0008231
LA0066214
NJ0005134
375E
375E
PA0026247
LA0038245
NY0026042
NI0022276
180A
1
6
25
7
6
20
30
8
1
15
18
0-100 7
0-100 7
25
38
3
22
0-100
10
5.
3083.
7150.
10.
1294.
398.
2.
10.
10.
37.
000
170
510
000
000
810
000
000
000
000
647
0.070
0.
11.
10.
5.
0.
0.
040
520
466
000
635
010
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
42 »ERL *
60 WERL *
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
98 mi
Data used in developing proposed standard.
TABLE 4-117B
INDUSTRY-SUBMITTED TREATMEHT PERFORMANCE
DATA FOR 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACILITY
DETECTION
LIMIT
(ppb)
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb)
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
TPPb)
RECOVERY
(*)
REMOVAL REFERENCE
BT
DOW
10
26-200
10.000
90.49 LEACHATE
B-45
-------
APPENDIX C
SUMMARY OF PLANT CODES
C-l
-------
Table C-l
PLANT CODE REFERENCE LIST
Plant Reference
(Test Number) Facility/Location Number(s)
1 U.S. EPA Combustion Research Facility, 10
Jefferson, AR
2 U.S. EPA Combustion Research Facility, 11
Jefferson, AR
3 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 12
4 Rollins Environmental Services (TX) Inc., 13
Deer Park, TX
5 U.S. EPA Combustion Research Facility, 14
Jefferson, AR
6 U.S. EPA Combustion Research Facility, 15
Jefferson, AR
7 Amoco Oil Company, Whiting, IN 16, 17
8 U.S. EPA Combustion Research Facility, 18
Jefferson, AR
9 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 19
10 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 20
11 ' ENSCO, El Dorado, AR 21
12 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 22
13 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 9
14 John Zink Test Facility, Tulsa, OK 9
C-2
-------
APPENDIX D
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
D-l
-------
APPENDIX D
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
D.I K Wastes
The treatment performance data used to determine treatment standards
for the K-pesticide wastes were adjusted to account for analytical interfer-
ences associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. Generally,
treatment performance data were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a
matrix spike recovery was determined for each BDAT List constituent detected
in the untreated or treated waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was
determined for each of the above constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix
spike recovery (percent) for that constituent; and (3) treatment performance
data for each BDAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste
were corrected by multiplying the reported concentration of each constituent
by its corresponding accuracy correction factor. The procedure for accuracy
correction of the data is described in further detail below.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking,- minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the
constituent.
Matrix spike recoveries used to adjust the treatment performance
data for pesticide wastes are shown in Table D-l. (All tables are presented at
the end of this section.) Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some
BDAT List constituents. If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a
constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower
of the two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
D-2
-------
matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g.,
volatile or semivolatile organics) for which recovery data were available. In
these cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles
from the first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike
recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower
of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or seraivolatile
group was used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no
matrix spike was performed.
An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used when both the matrix
spike and duplicate matrix spike recoveries exceeded 100%, so that the data
were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits. Matrix spike
values of less than 20% are not acceptable and were not used to correct
detection limits, nor were they included in average value calculations.
The accuracy correction factors for the data used to calculate
treatment standards for pesticide wastes are presented in Table D-2. The
uncorrected detection limits used for constituents selected for regulation are
presented in Table D-3. The corrected treatment concentrations used to
calculate treatment standards are presented in Table D-4.
D.2 D Wastes
As described in Section 6.1, matrix spike recoveries were used to
correct detection limits to account for analytical interferences associated
with the chemical matrices of the samples. For nonwastewater forms of the D
wastes, in cases where a matrix spike was not performed for a waste constitu-
ent in the treatment test from which the detection limit was transferred, the
matrix spike recovery for a similar constituent in that treatment test was
transferred to that constituent. An accuracy correction factor was determined
for each constituent by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (expressed
as a percent) for that constituent.
Table D-5 presents the matrix spike recoveries obtained in each of
the 14 incineration tests. Matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction
D-3
-------
factors used for each constituent are included in Tables 6-1 through 6-5 in
Section 6.0.
D-4
-------
Table D-l
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES IN KILN ASH FROM TEST 13
Original
Amount
Found8
(com)
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Samcle Result
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
3.240
0.200
0.200
6.490
6.490
3.240
3.240
3.240
0.100
0.100
6.490
6.490
6.490
0.100
3.240
3.240
0.06462
0.06462
Amount
Recovered
(pom)
1.640
0.172
0.129
5.440
3.150
0.842
2.370
1.890
0.054
0.034
5.900
4.820
4.540
0.099
1.600
0.965
0.03490
0.01026
Percent
Recovery1"
m
51
86
65
84
49
26
73
58
54
34
91
74
70
99
49
30
54
16
Duplicate Sample
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
3.270
0.200
0.200
6.540
6.540
3.270
3.270
3.270
0.100
0.100
6.540
6.540
6.540
0.100
3.270
3.270
0.06545
0
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
0.784
0.156
0.025
5.740
2.740
0.759
1.820
1.640
0.021
0.028
3.140
ND
3.990
0.069
ND
0.828
0.01836
0
Result
Percent
Recovery6
(%)
24
78
13
88
42
23
56
50
21
28
48
0
61
69
0
25
28
200
Soike Constituent
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICSC
52. Acenaphthene
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate
73. 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-
nitrophenol
76. p-Chloro-m-cresol
78. 2-Chlorophenol
88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
105. N-Nitroso-di-n-
propylamine
110. Hexachlorobenzene
117. Isosafrole
127. 4-Nitrophenol
139. Pentachlorophenol
142. Phenol
144. Pronamide
145. Pyrene
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES4
186. Heptachlor
190. Methoxychlor
ND - Not detected.
"For constituents not detected above the detection limit
zero in calculating percent recovery.
""Percent recovery - 100 x ((C,-C0)/Ct), where C0 is the concentration of the original amount found, C, is
the concentration of the amount recovered, and C, is the concentration of the amount spiked.
°The averages of the base/neutral semivolatile organic matrix spike and duplicate spike recoveries were
56.2% and 38.4%, respectively.
"The averages of the organochlorine pesticides matrix spike and duplicate spike recoveries were 54% and 28%,
respectively.
(ND), the original amount found is considered as
-------
Table D-2
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
USED IN TREATMENT STANDARD CALCULATIONS
FOR PESTICIDE K UASTES
a
BDAT List Constituent Kiln Ash
Semivolatile Organics
110. Hexachlorobenzene 4.76
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 2.60
Organochlorine Pesticides
177. Chlordane 3.57
186. Heptachlor 3.57
190. Methoxychlor 5.00
a
The accuracy correction factor is equal to 100 divided by the lowest
matrix spike percent recovery.
D-6
-------
Table D-3
UNCORRECTED DETECTION LIMITS FROM TEST 13
BOAT List Constituent
Detection Limit in Treatment Residuals (ppm)
Sample Sample Sample Sample
Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4
NONUASTEUATERS
Semi volatile Organics:
110. Hexachlorobenzene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Organochlorine Pesticides:
177. Chlordane
186. Heptachlor
190. Methoxychlor
0.33
0.33
0.36
0.36
0.013 0.013
0.0066 0.0066
0.013 0.013
0.31
0.31
0.013
0.0066
0.013
0.33
0.33
0.013
0.0066
0.013
D-7
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Table D-4
ACCURACY CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE
TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR PESTICIDE K-UASTES
Corrected Total Concentration
in Treatment Residuals (ppm)
BOAT List Constituent
NONWASTEUATERS
Semivolatile Organics:
Sample
Set 1
Sample
Set 2
Sample
Set 3
Sample
Set 4
110. Hexachlorobenzene
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Organochlorine Pesticides:
1
177. Chlordane
186. Heptachlor
2
190. Methoxychlor
1.57
0.858
0.0464
0.0236
0.0464
1.71
0.936
0.0464
0.0236
0.0464
1.48
0.806
0.0464
0.0236
0.0464
1.57
0.858
0.0464
0.0236
0.0464
1
To account for both the alpha and gamma isomers of chlordane, the corrected total
concentration in the treatment residual was doubled to calculate the treatment
standard for chlordane. Treatment standards for toxaphene are based on the transfer
of performance data for chlordane. Because the detection limits for toxaphene are
typically ten times greater than those of chlordane, the corrected chlordane
concentration was then multiplied by ten to calculate the treatment standard for
toxaphene.
Treatment standards for PCBs are based on the transfer of performance data for
methoxychlor. Because the detection limits for Aroclors 1016, 1221. 1232, 1242, and
1248 are typically five times greater than those of methoxychlor, the corrected
methoxychlor concentration was multiplied by five to calculate the treatment standards
for these five PCBs. Similarly, the detection limits for Aroclors 1254 and 1260 are
typically ten times greater than those of methoxychlor, and so, the corrected
methoxychlor concentration was multiplied by ten to calculate the treatment standards
for these two PCBs.
D-8
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TABLE D-5
MATRIX SPIKE PERCENT RECOVERIES IN ASH FROM FOURTEEN INCINERATION TESTS *
BOAT
No. Constituent
Volatile Organ ics:
1 Acetonitrile
2 Acrolein
3 Acrylonitrile
4 Benzene
9 Chlorobenzene
22 1,1-Dichloroethane
24 1,1-Oichloroethylene
229 Methyl isobutyl ketone
38 Methylene Chloride
43 Toluene
45 1,1.1-Trichloroethane
47 Trichloroethene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics:
51 Acenaphthalene
52 Acenaphthene
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
73 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
rt 76 p-Chloro-m-cresol
I 78 2-Chlorophenol
v£> 87 p-Di chlorobenzene
88 o-Oichlorobenzene
102 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
105 Di-n-propylnitrosamine
110 Hexachlorobenzene
117 Isosafrole
127 4-Nitrophenol
139 Pentachlorophenol
142 Phenol
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Organochlorine Pesticides:
176 gamna-BHC
181 Dieldrin
186 Heptachlor
187 Heptachlor epoxide
190 Methoxychlor
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides:
192 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193 Silvex
194 2,4.5-T
Test 1
—SS~~———~
88,88
124,120
108,108
88,84
120,120
90,95
100,105
94.94
120,120
81,82
100,90
95,105
85,80
96,100
95,100
Test 2
78,88
102,112
86,95
99,110
67,77
0,3.4
113,88
35,68
59,53
48.46
0,0
67,62
1.2,2.6
0,0
72,65
0,0
30,30
62.75
75.88
118,145
42,69
Test 3
79,80
80,47
110,108
141,146
107,107
99,104
113,117
104,105
Test 4
90,85
99,100
85,78
107,112
110.110
110,120
98,100
90,99
107,110
120.130
97,110
88.88
90,97
120,92
75,80
Test 5
104,104
112,112
140,136
122,107
104,108
96,96
88,86
107,109
89,90
118,118
40,26
120,114
98,91
96,94
94.82
90.90
Test 6
104,104,88,94
108,108,114,120
68,68,58,66
124.84,166,165
84,84,80,80
103,100
88,88
75,75
74,74
109,112
62,56
100,86
48,33
70,67
47,26
85.88
64,56
50,39
72,56
36,38
55,39
64,45
39.27
Test 7
88
46
96
80
76
66,63
56.57
70,70
75,76
54,52
70,70
32,31
34.34
65,65
58,53
90.86
Test 8
100.98
106,106
114,114
114,114
106,104
114.114
93,91
92,87
78,83
79,89
121,109
82,84
37.35
7,11
77,80
34,39
84,89
Test 9
102,106
104,110
100,96
100,96
106.116
116,126
41,39
47,44
41,39
40,39
48,47
46,45
33.32
30,25
41,40
46,45
41,39
Test 10
104.108
106,110
126,130
126,130
112,114
112,116
73,74
66.64
62,58
75,70
58,58
64.61
22.21
38,35
65,61
85,79
75,76
Test 11
126,130
90,108
80,122
170.222
178,216
30,88
98.135
78.102
72,90
38. 100
110,118
50,90
27,64
101,122
6,82
60,90
Test 13
117,156
92,56
35,32
88,117
300,309
243,153
539,866
210,294
61.23
51.24
86.78
65.13
88,84
49,42
26,23
73.56
58,50
54,21
34,28
91,48
74.0
70,61
99.69
49,0
30,25
54,28
16,0
0.0
o.o
0,0
Test 14
103,97
115,109
75i73
48,43
120,124
109,93
109,110
109,103
92,91
60,54
78,71
41,41
90,79
53,41
29,17
71,63
53,46
74,139
44.39
77.64
77,69
70,60
92.84
73.66
36,24
88,93
0,42
0,0
0,0
0,0
* No matrix spike recovery data were collected in the ash from incineration test 12.
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APPENDIX E
VARIABILITY FACTOR CALCULATIONS
E-l
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APPENDIX E
VARIABILITY FACTOR CALCULATIONS
As noted in Section 6.1, the variability factor accounts for the
variability inherent in treatment system performance, treatment residual
collection, and treatment sample analysis. For more information on the
calculation of variability factors, see EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 2).
A variability factor was calculated for a constituent when the test
from which the detection limit was transferred contained the constituent at
concentrations above the detection limit in the ash residual. This occurred
with one constituent, 2,4-D, and is reflected in the treatment standard
calculation for D016 nonwastewaters summarized in Table 6-3. The calculation
of a variability factor for 2,4-D nonwastewaters is shown in Table E-l.
E-2
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Table E-l
VARIABILITY FACTOR CALCULATION
D016 NONWASTEWATERS
INPUT DATA:
Constituent:
BOAT Number:
Accuracy Correction Factor:
2,4-D
192
5.00
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
RESULTS:
Unadjusted
Value (pom)
0.021
0.2
0.2
0.2
A or PL
A
DL
DL
DL
Adjusted
Value (ppm)
0.03045
0.29
0.29
0.29
In of Adjusted
Values
-3.49166
-1.23787
-1.23787
-1.23787
Mean of Adjusted Values - 0.2251
Mean of Ins - -1.8013
Standard Deviation of Ins - 1.1269
C99 - 2.2804
VF - 10.1300
A - Actual value detected in treatment residual.
DL - Detection limit (given if undetected in treatment residual).
E-3
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