FINAL
AMENDMENT TO THE
FINAL BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR
WASTES FROM THE PRODUCTION
OF CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
F024
Richard Kinch
Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Jerry Vorbach
Project Manager
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (TREATMENT PEFORMANCE DATABASE)
OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024 2-1
3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.0 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR F024 3-1
3.1 Accuracy Correction of Stabilization Performance Data.. 3-1
3.2 Statistical Comparison of Stabilization Performance
Data 3-2
4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.0 (SELECTION OF REGULATED
CONSTITUENTS) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR F024 4-1
4.1 Metal Constituents Selected for Regulation in
Nonwastewater Forms of F024 4-2
4.1.1 BOAT List Metal Constituents Deleted From
Further Consideration for Regulation in
Nonwastewater Forms of F024 4-2
4.1.2 BOAT List Metal Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Nonwastewater Forms of F024 4-3
4.2 Deletion of the Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and
Dibenzofurans as Regulated Constituents in F024 4-3
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.0 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT
STANDARDS) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024.... 5-1
5.1 Treatment Standards for Metal Constituents in
Nonwastewater Forms of F024 5-1
5.2 Revisions to the Treatment Standards for Organic
Constituents in Nonwastewater and Wastewater Forms of
F024 5-2
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6-1
7.0 REFERENCES 7-1
APPENDIX A - Plant Codes A-1
APPENDIX B - Quality Assurance/Quality Control Data B-l
APPENDIX C - Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Tests Comparing the Three Binders Used to Stabilize F024
Incinerator Ash C-l
APPENDIX D - Detailed Calculations of Treatment Standards for
Metal Constituents in F024 Nonwastewaters D-l
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Pane
1-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024 - NONWASTEWATERS
(REVISED) 1-4
1-2 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024 - WASTEWATERS (REVISED)... 1-5
2-1 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024
INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES - CEMENT BINDER 2-2
2-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024
INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES - LIME/FLY ASH BINDER 2-3
2-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024
INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES - KILN DUST BINDER 2-4
2-4 TEST CONDITIONS FOR THE STABILIZATION TESTS 2-5
3-1 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN STABILIZED INCIN-
ERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY - CEMENT BINDER 3-3
3-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN STABILIZED INCIN-
ERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY - LIME/FLY ASH BINDER 3-4
3-3 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN STABILIZED INCIN-
ERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY - KILN DUST BINDER 3-5
4-1 STATUS OF BOAT LIST METAL CONSTITUENT PRESENCE IN UNTREATED
F024 4-6
5-1 CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN
STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH - CEMENT BINDER 5-3
5-2 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS 5-4
ii
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
On June 8, 1989, in accordance with the amendments to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of November 8, 1984, the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) established best demonstrated avail-
able technology (BOAT) treatment standards for the listed hazardous waste
identified in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 261.31 (40 CFR
261.31) as F024.
Compliance with these BOAT treatment standards is a prerequisite
under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of F024 in land disposal units. The
Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for establishing treat-
ment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting a variance
from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology for Develop-
ing BOAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1). Under 40 CFR 261.31, wastes
identified as F024 are listed as follows:
F024 - Process wastes, including but not limited to, distillation
residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes, from the
production of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by free
radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocar-
bons are those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one to and
including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine
substitution. (This listing does not include wastewaters, waste-
water treatment sludges, spent catalysts, and wastes listed in
40 CFR 261,31 or 261.32).
(See the Second Third Final Rule, 54 Federal Register 26594, June 23, 1989
(Reference 4).)
After the close of the comment period on the proposed F024 regula-
tion, the Agency completed chemical analysis of the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extracts (leachate) obtained from the stabilization
testing of F024 incinerator ash. However, since these data were not available
at the time of public notice and comment, and since the resultant treatment
standards were significantly different from the proposed standards, EPA
reserved, and therefore did not issue, treatment standards for metal
1-1
-------
constituents in nonwastewater forms of F024 in the Second Third Final Rule.
The analytical data for the TCLP extracts obtained from the stabilization
testing of F024 incinerator ash showed substantial reduction of metals
concentrations in the ash after stabilization using a cement binder. There-
fore, the Agency is establishing treatment standards for metal constituents in
F024 nonwastewaters based on these data.
Since promulgation of the Second Third Rule, the Agency has received
comments from industry that treatment firms are refusing to accept F024 for
treatment largely due to the analytical costs of complying with the treatment
standards for chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and the perceived
stigma of managing wastes containing these constituents. As discussed in this
document, the Agency is deleting the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzo-
furans from regulation in F024. In addition, the concentration-based treat-
ment standards in the Second Third promulgated rule for the remaining organic
constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F024 are being revised
to specify that these treatment standards must be met using incineration
technologies. The Agency believes that incineration technologies will
effectively destroy any of the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans
that may be present in F024, based on the results obtained from the EFA-
sponsored incineration treatment test of F024 wastes containing these
constituents. This regulatory approach should ensure that sufficient
incineration capacity is available to treat F024 and that F024 is treated
before land disposal to levels that adequately protect human health and Ehe
environment. The treatment standards in the Second Third promulgated rule for
metal constituents in wastewater forms of F024 are not being revised at this
time.
The specific regulated constituents and treatment standards for
nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F024 are listed in Tables 1-1 and 1-2,
respectively. The treatment standards reflect the total concentration of each
organic constituent regulated in F024 nonwastewaters and the total
concentration of each organic and metal constituent regulated in F024
wastewaters. The treatment standards for metal constituents in nonwastewaters
1-2
-------
are based on the analysis of leachate obtained by the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP) described in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 268. The
units used for total constituent concentration are rag/kg (parts-per-million on
a weight-by-weight basis) for nonwastewaters and mg/1 (parts-per-million on a
weight-by-volume basis) for wastewaters. The units used for leachate analysis
of nonwastewater are mg/1 (parts-per-million on a weight-by-volume basis). If
the concentrations of all of the regulated constituents in F024, as generated,
are lower than or equal to the concentration-based treatment standards, then
treatment of F024 is not required prior to land disposal. The revised and
additional treatment standards will go into effect on May 8, 1990, the
effective date of the Third Third promulgated rule.
This amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for F024 presents: (1) F024 incinerator ash
stabilization data; (2) EPA's rationale and technical support for selecting
the metal constituents being regulated in nonwastewater forms of F024 and for
deleting the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as regulated
constituents in F024; (3) EPA's approach to and technical support for
developing treatment standards for metal constituents in nonwastewater forms
of F024; and (4) EPA's rationale and technical support for revising the F024
treatment standards promulgated for organic constituents in the Second Third
rule.
Sections 2.0 through 5.0 of this document supplement discussions in
the Final BOAT Background Document for F024 by presenting treatment perfor-
mance data, accuracy-corrected treatment performance data, constituents
selected for regulation in F024, and treatment standard calculations,
respectively. Section 6.0 contains acknowledgements, and Section 7.0 lists
references. Appendix A lists plant codes, Appendix B contains quality
assurance/quality control data, and Appendix C presents data from analysis of
variance (ANOVA) tests that compared binders used in the stabilization tests.
The detailed calculations of the treatment standards for metal constituents in
F024 nonwastewaters are provided in Appendix D.
1-3
-------
Table 1-1
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024
NONWASTEWATERS
(REVISED)
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
BOAT List Constituent
10. 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
16. 3-Chloropropene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane
28. cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
27. trans-l,3-Dichloropropene
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
113. Hexachloroethane
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
162. Nickel
Total
Composition
Concentration8
(ing/kg)
0.28
0.28
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
1.8
1.8
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
TCLP
Leachate
Concentration
(mg/L)
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
0.073
0.021
0.088
'These concentration levels must be achieved for organic constituents using
incineration technologies.
1-4
-------
Table 1-2
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024
WASTEWATERS
(REVISED)
Maximum for any Single Grab Sample
BOAT List Constituent
10. 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
16. 3-Chloropropene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane
28, cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
113. Hexachloroethane
159. Chromium (total)
162. Nickel
Total
Composition
Concentration8
(mg/L)
0.28
0.28
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.036
0.036
0.35
0.47
TCLP
Leachate
Concentration
(mg/L)
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
'These concentration levels must be achieved for organic constituents using
incineration technologies.
1-5
-------
2.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 4.0 (TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE) OF THE
FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024
This section supplements the discussion in Section 4.0 (Treatment
Performance Data Base) of the Final BOAT Background Document for F024, and
presents the treatment performance data collected during stabilization of F024
incinerator ash. F024 incinerator ash was generated at Plant Y and was
stabilized at Plant X. The names and locations of these plants are listed in
Appendix A.
Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 each present three sample sets of treatment
performance data from the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash using a cement
binder, a lime/fly ash binder, and a kiln dust binder, respectively.
Table 2-4 presents test conditions that existed during the stabilization
tests.
.2-1
-------
Table 2-1
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES
CEMENT BINDER
Binder-to-Ash Ratio: 0.55
Water-Co-Ash Ratio: 0.2
I
NJ
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Stabilized Waste
BOAT Lilt Constituent
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
ND - Not
Source:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (VI)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
detected.
Onslte Engineering
Detection
Limit
(mg/1)
0.076
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.018
0.057
0.0003
0.025
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.003
Report of Treatment
Untreated Waste
1
ND
0.013
1.99
0.002
0.021
0.4
0.34
5.54
63.3
0.0006
4.39
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
Technology Performance
Sample Set
2
ND
0.015
1.72
0.002
0.021
0.41
0.075
6.71
33.3
ND
3.96
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.07
and Operation
(mg/1)
(28-Day Cure)
(mg/1)
Sample Set
3
ND
0.014
1.67
0.002
0.021
0.42
0.049
9.59
14.9
ND
3.93
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
for Waterways
1
ND
0.004
1.84
ND
ND
0.031
0.19
ND
0.011
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.041
Experiment Station,
2
ND
0.002
0.88
ND
ND
0.01
0.15
ND
0.006
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.05
Vlcksburg.
3
ND
0.002
1.02
ND
ND
0.013
0.14
ND
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.173
Mississippi.
(Reference 2).
-------
Table 2-2
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES
LIME/FLY ASH BINDER
Binder-to-Ash Ratio: 0.5/0.5
Water-to-Ash Ratio: 0.2
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Stabllzed Waste
BOAT List Constituent
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
ND - Not
Source:
Ant Imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (VI)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
detected.
On j Ice Engineering
Detection
Limit
(mull)
0.076
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.018
0.057
0.0003
0.025
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.003
Report of Treatment
Untreated Waste
1
ND
0.013
1.99
0.002
0.021
0.4
0.34
5.54
63.3
0.0006
4.39
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
Technology Performance
Sample Set
2
ND
0.015
1.72
0.002
0.021
0.41
0.075
6.71
33.3
ND
3.96
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.07
and Operation
(mg/1)
(28-Day Cure)
(mg/1)
Sample Set
3
ND
0.014
1.67
0.002
0.021
0.42
0.049
9.59
14.9
ND
3.93
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
for Waterways
1
0.088
0.004
1.95
ND
ND
0.097
0.07
ND
0.069
ND
0.33
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.15
Experiment Station,
2
ND
0.003
2.03
ND
ND
0.024
0.07
0.13
0.23
ND
0.75
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.65
Vlcksburg.
3
ND
0.002
0.34
ND
ND
ND
0.072
0.056
0.3
ND
0.84
0.005
ND
ND
ND
0.23
Mississippi .
(Reference 2).
-------
Table 2-3
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE UNTREATED AND STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH SAMPLES
KILN DUST BINDER
Binder-to-Ash Ratio: 0.4
Water-to-Ash Ratio: 0.2
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Concentration In
the TCLP Extract of the
Stabllzed Waste
Detection
BOAT List Constituent
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
ND - Hot
Source :
Ant Imony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (VI)
Coppe r
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
detected.
Onslte Engineering
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Report of
Limit
(mg/1)
.076
.002
.002
.001
.003
.007
.006
.018
.057
.0003
.025
.002
.004
.004
.007
.003
Treatment
NO
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
63
0
4
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
Untreated Waste
1
.013
.99
.002
.021
.4
.34
.54
.3
.0006
.39
.06
Technology Performance
Sample Set
2
ND
0.015
1.72
0.002
0.021
0.41
0.075
6.71
33.3
ND
3.96
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.07
and Operation
(mg/1)
(28-Day Cure)
(mg/1)
Sample Set
3
ND
0.014
1.67
0.002
0.021
0.42
0.049
9.59
14.9
ND
3.93
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.06
for Waterways
ND
0.
0.
ND
ND
0.
0.
ND
0.
ND
0.
0.
ND
ND
ND
0.
Experiment
1
002
54
19
12
059
07
006
074
Station.
2
ND
0.002
0.55
ND
ND
ND
0.11
0.024
0.065
ND
ND
0.006
ND
ND
ND
0.16
VlcksburK.
3
ND
0.003
4.62
ND
ND
0.033
0.15
ND
0.08
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.13
Mississippi.
(Reference 2).
-------
Table 2-4
TEST CONDITIONS FOR THE STABILIZATION TESTS
Parameter Specification
Mixing Vessels Hobart K455S Mixer With Teflon Beaters
4-Liter Stainless Steel Bowl
Mixing Conditions Mixing Procedure Used for All Batches:
• Mix 5 minutes in mixing vessel
• Scrape mixer by hand with stainless
steel spatula
Cure Conditions Hot Pack Model 41750 Large Capacity
Humidity Chamber with set point
conditions of:
• Temperature: 23°C
• Humidity: 95-98%
Source: Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation for Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg.
Mississippi (Reference 2).
2-5
-------
3.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 5.0 (IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAIL-
ABLE TECHNOLOGY) OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024
This section supplements the discussion in Section 5.0 (Identifica-
tion of Best Demonstrated Available Technology) of the Final BOAT Background
Document for F024. As discussed in the Final BOAT Background Document for
F024, stabilization was determined to be BOAT for metal constituents in
nonwastewater forms of F024. This section presents accuracy-corrected
concentration data for metal constituents detected in either the F024
incinerator ash or the extract of the stabilized waste, and discusses the
statistical comparison of the stabilization performance data using three
different binders.
3.1 Accuracy Correction of Stabilization Performance Data
Matrix spike recoveries were used to adjust the treatment perfor-
mance data collected during the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash. These
matrix spike recoveries are presented in Table B-l of Appendix B. Duplicate
matrix spikes were performed for selected BOAT List constituents in the
treatment residual (the stabilized F024 incinerator ash). If a duplicate
matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used
to adjust treatment performance data for that constituent was the lower of the
two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Accuracy correction factors (100 divided by the matrix spike
recovery expressed as a percent) were calculated for the stabilized F024
incinerator ash data and are presented in Table B-2 of Appendix B. Treatment
performance data for each BOAT List metal constituent detected in either the
untreated F024 incinerator ash or the stabilized F024 incinerator ash were
corrected for accuracy and are presented in Table 3-1. Accuracy correction
factors of less than 1.00 (i.e., factors resulting in a reduction in
constituent concentration) were not used to correct treatment performance
data. Instead, a correction factor of 1.00 was used in these cases to correct
treatment performance data.
3-1
-------
3.2 Statistical Comparison of Stabilization Performance Data
A comparison of the treatment performance of stabilization achieved
by each of three binders was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA)
tests (discussed fully in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment
Standards (Reference 1)). The treatment performance data for each binder were
corrected for accuracy (as discussed in Section 3.1) before the ANOVA tests
were performed. Results of the ANOVA tests are presented in Appendix C.
These results indicated that stabilization of F024 incinerator ash using a
cement binder demonstrated significantly better treatment performance than
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash using either a lime/fly ash binder or a
kiln dust binder. Accordingly, stabilization using a cement binder has been
identified as BOAT for metal constituents in nonwastewater forms of F024.
3-2
-------
Table 3-1
• BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN
STABILIZED INCINERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACr
CEMENT BINDER
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
Corrected Concentration in the TCLP
Extract.of the Stabilized F024
Incinerator Ash (me/I)
Sample Set
0.004
1.974
<0.001
<0.004
0.036
0.209
<0.021
0.014
<0.0003
<0.031
0.052
0.002
0.944
<0.001
<0.004
0.011
0.165
<0.021
0.008
<0.0003
<0.031
0.064
0.002
1.094
<0.001
<0.004
0.015
0.154
<0.021
0.009
<0.0003
<0.031
0.221
"This table presents data for the BOAT List metal constituents detected in
either the untreated F024 incinerator ash or the stabilized F024 incinerator
ash. These data were obtained by multiplying the constituent concentration
in the stabilized waste (Table 2-1 in Section 2.0) by the accuracy
correction factor for that constituent (Table B-2 in Appendix B).
3-3
-------
Table 3-2
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN
STABILIZED INCINERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACr
LIME/FLY ASH BINDER
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
Corrected Concentration in the TCLP
Extract of the Stabilized F024
Incinerator Ash (mg/1)
Sample Set
0.004
2.11
0.001
0.004
0.119
0.07
0.021
0.085
0.0006
0.41
0.17
0.003
2.20
0.001
0.004
0.029
0.07
0.15
0.28
0.0003
0.93
0.75
0.002
0.37
0.001
0.004
0.008
0.072
0.065
0.4
0.003
1.04
0.27
"This table presents data for the BOAT List metal constituents detected in
either the untreated F024 incinerator ash or the stabilized F024 incinerator
ash. These data were obtained by multiplying the constituent concentration
in the stabilized waste (Table 2-2 in Section 2.0) by the accuracy
correction factor for that constituent (Table B-2 in Appendix B).
3-4
-------
Table 3-3
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN
STABILIZED INCINERATOR ASH, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY"
a KILN DUST BINDER
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
Corrected Concentration in the TCLP
Extract of the Stabilized F024
Incinerator Ash (mg/1)
Sample Set
0.002
0.56
0.001
0.004
0.24
0.12
0.021
0.084
0.0006
0.09
0.09
0.002
0.57
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.11
0.028
0.092
0.0003
0.032
0.19
0.003
4.82
0.001
0.004
0.041
0.15
0.021
0.11
0.0003
1.032
0.16
"This table presents data for the BOAT List metal constituents detected in
either the untreated F024 incinerator ash or the stabilized F024 incinerator
ash. These data were obtained by multiplying the constituent concentration
in the stabilized waste (Table 2-3 in Section 2.0) by the accuracy correction
factor for that constituent (Table B-2 in Appendix B).
3-5
-------
4.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 6.0 (SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS) OF
THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024
This section supplements the discussion in Section 6.0 (Selection of
Regulated Constituents) of the Final BOAT Background Document for F024. This
section presents a discussion of the selection of metal constituents for
regulation in nonwastewater forms of F024. This section also discusses the
deletion of the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as regulated
constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F024.
Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
(1) The constituent must be on the BOAT List of regulated constitu-
ents . Presence on the BOAT List means that EPA-approved
methods exist for analysis of the constituent in treated waste
matrices.
(2) The constituent must be present in. or be suspected of being
present in. the untreated waste. In some cases, analytical
difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a constituent from
being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification
in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it
is present in the untreated waste.
From a group of constituents that are eligible for regulation
because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents
that represents the broader group. For example, from a group of constituents
that react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation only
those constituents that (1) are the most difficult to treat; or (2) are
present in the untreated waste in the highest concentrations. Selecting a
subset of constituents for regulation is done to facilitate implementation of
the compliance and enforcement program.
4-1
-------
4.1 Metal Constituents Selected for Regulation in Nonwastewater Forms of
F024
The Agency initially considered all metal constituents on the BOAT
List for proposed regulation in nonwastewater forms of F024. Available F024
characterization data for the BOAT List metal constituents are summarized in
Table 4-1. When data were available for more than one sample set, a range of
concentrations was listed in the table for all constituents quantified in the
untreated F024. Constituents that were not detected in the untreated F024 but
were detected in the treated F024 are identified in the table by the symbol
"*." The Agency is not regulating all of the BDAT List metal constituents
considered for regulation, as discussed in the following subsections.
4.1.1 BDAT List Metal Constituents Deleted From Further Consideration for
Regulation in Nonwastewater Forms of F024
A BDAT List metal constituent was deleted from further consideration
for regulation if (1) the constituent was not detected in the untreated and
treated F024, (2) the constituent did not show effective treatment by BDAT in
available F024 treatment performance data, (3) the constituent was not present
at treatable concentrations in the untreated F024, or (4) for other reasons,
as described below. BDAT List constituents that remained after the deletions
described in this subsection were further considered for regulation.
Hexavalent chromium, silver, and thallium were not detected in the
untreated and treated wastes and were therefore deleted from further con-
sideration for regulation in F024 nonwastewaters. Antimony, barium, and
mercury were deleted from further consideration for regulation in F024
nonwastewaters because the BDAT treatment performance data obtained from
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash did not show effective treatment for
these constituents. Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and selenium were deleted
from further consideration for regulation in F024 nonwastewaters because they
were not present in the untreated waste at treatable concentrations.
4-2
-------
Copper, vanadium, and zinc were considered for regulation in F024
nonwastewaters but were not selected as constituents for regulation. Although
copper cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide are listed in Appendix
VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, the metals are not listed individually. The Agency
is only regulating copper, vanadium, and/or zinc when they are indicators of
performance of treatment for other Appendix VIII constituents (i.e., copper
cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide). For F024, copper, vanadium,
and zinc have not been identified as indicators of treatment for other
Appendix VIII constituents and are therefore not being regulated.
4.1.2 BOAT List Metal Constituents Selected for Regulation in
Nonwastewater Forms of F024
Three remaining metal constituents were selected for regulation in
F024 nonwastewaters. These constituents are total chromium, lead, and nickel.
4.2 Deletion of the Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans as
Regulated Constituents in F024
As discussed in the Final BOAT Background Document for F024, five
chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran constituents, hexachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxins, hexachlorodibenzofurans, pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins,
pentachlorodibenzofurans, and tetrachlorodibenzofurans, were selected for
regulation in nonwastewater forms of F024 in the Second Third rule. Since
then, several commenters have confirmed EPA's inquiry in the Third Third
proposed rule (54 FR 48450) that treatment facilities that had previously
treated F024 were refusing to do so because the treatment standards for F024
included standards for chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
Commenters documented the current refusals of commercial treatment facilities
to accept F024, whether or not the waste actually contained any chlorinated
dibenzodioxins and/or dibenzofurans. All of the commenters agreed that the
existence of treatment standards for the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and
dibenzofurans is the basis for the refusals to treat F024. These refusals
have resulted in a capacity shortage for treatment of F024.
4-3
-------
Commenters further stated that if the treatment standards for other
organic constituents in F024 were met, they believed that the treatment
standards for the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans would also be
met. Two commenters suggested specific constituents that may be used as
surrogates for the chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran treatment
standards.
Waste characteristics affecting the performance of the treatment
technology (WCAPs) are used to identify the hardest to treat constituents
present in the waste. These constituents may then be selected for regulation
and used as surrogates for other non-regulated constituents of concern to
ensure that they are adequately treated. For incineration technologies, WCAPs
include a constituent's boiling point for nonwastewater residuals and a
constituent's bond dissociation energy (BDE) for wastewater residuals.
Constituents with higher boiling points and BDEs are considered to be more
difficult to treat than those with lower boiling points and BDEs for
nonwastewater and wastewater residuals, respectively.
The Agency does not believe that the surrogates suggested for the
chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in F024 by the two commenters
were appropriate because they are not more difficult to treat than the
chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran constituents, with boiling points
ranging from 400-500°C and BDEs ranging from 960-2,490 kcal/mole, and
therefore would not ensure adequate treatment of these constituents. The
Agency also attempted to identify surrogates, but was unable to identify an
appropriate surrogate that was present at treatable levels in all of the
wastes containing the chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran constituents.
The concentration-based treatment standards that were promulgated
for the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in F024 (54 FR 26615) may
hinder effective treatment because of the refusal of treatment facilities to
accept these wastes due to the analytical costs to determine compliance with
the treatment, standards for these constituents and the perceived stigma of
4-4
-------
managing wastes containing chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
Also, as noted, the Agency is unable to select an appropriate surrogate which
would ensure adequate treatment of these constituents. Finally, the Agency
believes that incineration technologies will effectively destroy any of the
chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans that may be present in F024,
based on the results obtained from the EPA-sponsored incineration treatment
test of F024 wastes containing these constituents.
Therefore, based on the above considerations, the Agency is revising
the F024 treatment standards promulgated as part of the Second Third Rule.
The Agency is deleting the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as
regulated constituents in F024 and, as discussed in more detail in Section
5.0, is requiring that the concentration-based treatment standards for organic
constituents in F024 be achieved using incineration technologies. As such,
treaters of F024 will not be required to analyze either the untreated F024 or
the treated residuals for the chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran
constituents. The Agency believes that these revisions will allay treatment
firms' concerns with accepting F024. Additionally, the revised standards will
reduce the analytical costs associated with compliance with this rule.
4-5
-------
Table 4-1
STATUS OF BOAT LIST METAL CONSTITUENT PRESENCE
IN UNTREATED F024
BOAT List Constituent
Detection
Status
Concentration
in Untreated F024
(me/kg)
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (hexavalent)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
164. Selenium
165. Silver
166. Thallium
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
X
X
X
*
X
X
ND
X
X
X
X
*
ND
ND
X
X
<1.8-2.2
<0.86-7.8
0.22-34
<0.26-3.1
<0.4-285
<0. 4-800
<0. 43-9.0
<0.1-0.24
<0. 9-636
<0.5
<0.4
<0.17-10
0.73-443
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
* - Not detected in the untreated F024, but detected in the incinerator ash.
ND - Not detected in either the untreated F024 or the incinerator ash.
Source: Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for F024 (Reference 3).
4-6
-------
5.0 AMENDMENT TO SECTION 7.0 (CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS)
OF THE FINAL BOAT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F024
This section supplements the discussion in Section 7.0 (Calculation
of BOAT Treatment Standards) of the Final BOAT Background Document for F024.
This section includes a discussion of the calculation of treatment standards
for metal constituents in F024 nonwastewaters and the revisions to the
treatment standards for organic constituents that were promulgated as part of
the Second Third Rule.
5.1 Treatment Standards for Metal Constituents in Nonwastewater Forms of
F024
BOAT treatment standards for metal constituents in F024 nonwaste-
water residuals were calculated based on three sample sets of treatment
performance data collected during the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash
using a cement binder. Table 5-1 presents the concentrations of metal
constituents in the TCLP extract of the stabilized F024 rotary kiln
incinerator ash. Concentration data are presented for only those constituents
selected for regulation, as discussed in Section 4.0. The concentration data
presented in Table 5-1 were corrected for accuracy to account for analytical
recovery, as described in Section 3.0.
Treatment standards for F024 nonwastewaters were calculated for
metal constituents selected for regulation in F024, as shown in Table 5-2.
The following three steps were' used to calculate the treatment standards:
(1) The arithmetic average of the accuracy-corrected concentrations
for each regulated constituent in the treated F024 was
calculated.
(2) Using the same data, a variability factor (discussed in EPA's
Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards
(Reference 1)) for each constituent was calculated. This
factor represents the variability inherent in the performance
of the treatment system, in the collection of treated samples,
and in the analysis of samples. Where concentrations in the
treated F024 were reported as less than or equal to the
5-1
-------
detection limit for all the data points in the data set,
variability is still expected, since actual concentrations
could range from zero to the detection limit. In these cases,
the Agency assumed a lognormal distribution of data points
between the detection limit and a value one-tenth of the
detection limit, and then calculated a variability factor of
2.8. Variability factor calculations are shown in Appendix D
along with the detailed treatment standard calculations.
(3) The treatment standard for each constituent being regulated was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the accu-
racy-corrected concentrations (step (1) above) by the variabil-
ity factor (step (2) above).
5.2 Revisions to the Treatment Standards for Organic Constituents in
Nonwastewater and Wastewater Forms of F024
Concentration-based treatment standards for volatile and semi-
volatile organic constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F024
were promulgated as part of the Second Third Rule (54 FR 26594). The Agency
is revising these treatment standards to require that incineration tech-
nologies be used to meet these standards.
As discussed in the Final BOAT Background Document for F024,
incineration is the BOAT technology for organic constituents in nonwastewater
and wastewater forms of F024. EPA is specifying that the concentration-based
treatment standards for F024 must be met via incineration because the Agency
believes that incineration technologies will effectively destroy any of the
chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans that may be present in F024,
based on the results obtained from the EPA-sponsored incineration treatment
test of F024 wastes containing these constituents. This regulatory approach
should ensure that sufficient incineration capacity is available to treat F024
and that F024 is treated before land disposal to levels that adequately
protect human health and the environment.
5-2
-------
Table 5-1
CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR METAL
CONSTITUENTS IN STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH
CEMENT BINDER
Corrected Concentration in the TCLP
Extract of the Stabilized F024
Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash (mg/l)a
Sample Set
BOAT List Constituent
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
163. Nickel
0.036
0.014
<0.031
0.011
0.008
<0.031
0.015
0.009
<0.031
"Constituent concentrations (presented in Table 2-1) have been adjusted for
accuracy ("corrected"), to account for analytical recoveries using the data
presented in Table B-2 of this document.
5-3
-------
Table 5-2
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
METAL CONSTITUENTS IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS
Arithmetic
Average of Treatment
Corrected Variability Standard3
Treatment Values Factor (Average x VF)
Regulated Constituent (ppm) (VF) (ppm)
159. Chromium (total) 0.021 3.5 0.073
161. Lead 0.010 2.0 0.021
163. Nickel 0.031 2.8 0.088
"The treatment standard values shown in this table have been rounded to show
three significant figures.
5-4
-------
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This background document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-W9-0072. This document was prepared under the direction of Richard
Kinch, Acting Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant, Section Head,
Treatment Technology Section; and Jerry Vorbach, Project Officer for the
Radian contract and Project Manager. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal
advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document: John Williams, Program Manager; Mary Willett,
Project Director; and Chrisanti Haretos, Task Leader.
The stabilization testing of F024 incinerator ash was conducted at
the Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, Mississippi. We greatly
appreciate the efforts of Mark Bricka and Teresa Holmes of the Waterways
Experiment Station in performing the stabilization tests, and those of PEI
Associates in analyzing the samples from these tests.
6-1
-------
7.0 REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. June, 1989.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and
Operation for Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg. Mississippi.
December, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
3. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT") Background
Document for F024. May, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
4. U.S. EPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions for Second Third Scheduled Wastes. 54
Federal Register 26594. June 23, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
7-1
-------
APPENDIX A
Plant Codes
A-l
-------
Table A-l
PLANT CODES
Code Plant Location
X Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, Mississippi
Y ENSCO El Dorado, Arkansas
A-2
-------
APPENDIX B
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Data
B-l
-------
Table B-l
STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
Cement Binder: Sample Set 2
Sample Result
CO
S3
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Hlckel
168. Zinc
Original
Amount Found*
(ppm)
0.0036
1.84
<0.0009
<0.0027
0.0311
0.00944
<0.0179
0.0112
0
<0.0249
0.0406
Amount
Spiked
(ppm)
0.1
2
2
2
2
0.010
2
0.075
0.0005
Amount
Recovered
(pom)
0.105
3.70
1.74
1.61
1.77
0.0185
1.71
0.007
0.000483
1.61
1.61
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
101.3
93.2
87.1
80.3
87.2
90.8
85.6
78.4
96.6
80.5
78.3
Duplicate Sample Result
Amount
Recovered
0.
3.
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.
0.
0.
1.
1.
(ppm)
109
78
75
62
79
185
71
0735
000497
59
66
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
105
97.
87.
80.
88.
90.
85.
83.
99.
79.
81.
2
6
9
0
8
6
1
4
7
2
Relative Percent
Difference
3.7
2.1
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.0
0.0
4.9
2.9
1.0
3.5
'For a constituent not detected In the treatment residual at or above the detection limit, the original amount found Is considered rero In calculating percent recovery.
"Percent recovery - 100 x (C,-C0)/Ct, where C, • amount recovered, C0 - original amount found, and C, - amount spiked.
Source: Onslte Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Waterways Experiment Station. Vlcksburg.
Mississippi (Reference 2).
-------
Table B-l (Continued)
STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
Lime/Fly Ash Binder: Sample Set 2
Sample Result
BOAT List Constituent
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
KH !«•
f «4.
CO 165.
166.
167.
168.
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
i
(total)
(VI)
Original
Amount Found*
(ppm)
0.0877
0.0035
1.95
<0.0009
<0.0027
0.0967
0.00357
<0.0179
0.0693
0
0.3251
0
<0.0040
0
<0.0072
0.151 .
Amount
Spiked
0.1
2
2
2
2
0.010
2
0.075
0.0005
2
0.1
2
0.075
2
2
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
3.96
0.105
3.80
1.75
1.58
1.73
0.0152
1.73
0.131
0.000*93
1.94
0.0438
1.80
0.0453
1.68
1.92
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
96.9
102
92.3
87.5
79.2
81.9
117
86.6
82.3
98.6
80.9
43.8
90.2
60.4
84.3
88.3
Duplicate Sample Result
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
3.93
0.103
3.90
1.76
1.58
1.73
0.0138
1.74
0.130
0.000502
1.95
0.0437
1.81
0.043
1.70
1.88
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
96.1
99.7
97.3
88.2
79.1
81.7
103
87.1
80.8
100
81.4
43.7
90.6
57.3
85.1
86.2
Relative Percent
Difference
(X)
0.7
1.8
2.6
0.8
0.1
0.2
9.8
0.6
0.8
1.8
0.5
0.2
0.4
5.2
1.0
2.2
'For a constituent not detected In the treatment residual at or above the detection limit, the original amount found la considered zero In calculating percent recovery.
"Percent recovery - 100 x (Ct-Ca)ICt, where C, - amount recovered, C, - original amount found, and C, - amount spiked.
Source: Onslte Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Waterways Experiment Station. Vlcksburg.
Mississippi (Reference 2).
-------
Table B-l (Continued)
STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS
Kiln Dust Binder: Sample Set 2
BDAT List Constituent
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
Ot. 163.
1 164.
*- 165.
166.
167.
168.
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
(total)
(VI)
Original
Amount Found*
(ppm)
<0.0755
0.0015
0.540
<0.0009
<0.0027
0.192
0.00290
<0.0179
0.0588
0
0.0696
0.0061
<0.0040
0
<0.0072
0.0738
Amount
Spiked
(ppro)
4
0.1
2
2
2
2
0.010
2
0.075
0.0005
2
0.1
2
0.075
2
2
Sara
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
3.83
0.1
2.46
1.67
1.55
1.80
0.0141
1.71
0.112
0.000512
1.63
0.061
1.77
0.0838
1.66
1.66
oLe Result
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
95.7
98.5
95.8
83.7
77.5
80. 4
112
85.6
70.5
102
78.1
54.9
88.4
112
82.9
79.2
Duplicate Sample Result
Amount
Recovered
(DDffl)
3.83
0.100
2.46
1.68
1.57
1.81
0.0141
1.71
0.11
0.000507
1.65
0.0618
1.78
0.0669
1.68
1.74
Percent
Recovery"
(X)
95.8
98.6
96.0
84.2
78.6
81.0
112
85.7
75.2
101
79.2
55.7
88.8
89.2
84.2
83.4
Relative Percent
Difference
(I)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.6
1.3
0.7
0.0
0.1
3.1
1.0
1.4
1.3
0.4
22.4
1.6
5.0
'For • constituent not detected in the treatment residual at or above the detection limit, the original amount found is considered zero in calculating percent recovery.
"Percent recovery • 100 x (C,-C0)/Ct, where C, - amount recovered, C. » original amount found, and C, - amount spiked.
Source: Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and Operation for Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburn.
Mississippi (Reference 2).
-------
Table B-2
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN STABILIZED F024 INCINERATOR ASH
Accuracy Correction Factor*
BOAT List Constituent
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (VI)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
168. Zinc
Cement Binder
000
073
148
245
147
101
168
276
035
1.255
1.277
Lime/Fly Ash
Binder
003
083
1.143
264
,224
000
.155
,238
,014
,236
Kiln Dust
Binder
,015
,044
,195
,290
.244
.000
.68
.418
.000
.280
1.160
1.212
aThe accuracy correction factor is equal to 100 divided by the percent
recovery (matrix spike recovery). An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was
used when matrix spike and duplicate matrix recoveries both exceeded 100%, so
that the data were not adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits.
If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike
recovery used to adjust treatment performance data for that constituent was
the lower of the two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate
spike.
B-5
-------
APPENDIX C
Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Tests Comparing the Three Binders Used to
Stabilize F024 Incinerator Ash
C-l
-------
APPENDIX C
Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Tests Comparing the Three Binders Used to
Stabilize F024 Incinerator Ash
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to compare the
treatment performance achieved by three binders (cement, lime/fly ash, and
kiln dust) used to stabilize F024 incinerator ash. The metal constituents
selected for regulation were considered individually and collectively in these
tests. Results of the ANOVA tests are summarized in Table C-l. As
demonstrated in Table C-l, the cement binder performed as well as or better
than either the lime/fly ash or kiln dust binder in all test cases.
C-2
-------
Table C-l
SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) TESTS COMPARING THE
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE ACHIEVED BY STABILIZATION USING CEMENT,
LIME/FLY ASH, AND KILN DUST BINDERS
o
U)
Metal
Constituent(s)
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Chromium, Lead
and Nickel
Binders
Compared8
2 vs. 3
1 vs. 3
1 vs. 2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs .
vs .
vs.
vs .
vs.
vs.
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
F-Ratiob
0.10
0.83
0.39
2.
142.
37.
37.
1.
116.
2.
9.
15.
87
93
49
96
19
38
91
90
27
Critical
Value"
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
4
4
.71
.71
.71
.71
.71
.71
.71
.71
.71
.49
.49
.49
Homogeneous (H) or
Nonhomogeneous (N)
H
H
H
H
N
N
N
H
N
H
N
N
Statistical
Interpretation
No significant difference
No significant difference
No significant difference
No significant difference
No significant difference
Cement binder is best
Kiln dust binder is best
No significant difference
Cement binder is best
No significant difference
Cement binder is best
Cement binder is best
"Binders:
1 - Cement
2 - Lime/fly ash
3 - Kiln dust
"These terms are discussed in the Agency's Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards
(Reference 1).
-------
APPENDIX D
Detailed Calculations of Treatment Standards
for Metal Constituents in F024 Nonwastewaters
D-l
-------
Table D-l
DETAILED CALCULATIONS OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS
o
NJ
Regulated Constituent
159. Chromium (total)
Unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
Adjusted value (mg/kg>*
161. Lead
Unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
Adjusted value (mg/kg)*
163. Nickel
Unadjusted value (mg/kg)
a or dl
ACF
Adjusted value (mg/kg)*
Sample Set
0.031
a
1.147
0.036
0.011
a
1.276
0.014
0.025
dl
1.255
0.031
0.010
a
1.147
0.011
0.006
a
1.276
0.008
0.025
dl
1.255
0.031
0.013
a
1.147
0.015
0.007
a
1.276
0.009
0.025
dl
1.255
0.031
In of Values
1 2
-3.337 -4.468 -4.206
-4.267 -4.873 -4.718
-3.462 -3.462 -3.462
Mean of Mean of
Adjusted Ins of Standard
Values Adjusted Deviation
(mg/kg) Values of Ins
0.021
0.010
0.031
-4.004
-4.619
-3.462
0.592
0.315
0.000
C99
0.073
0.021
0.031
Variability Treatment
Factor Standard
(VF)
3.513
2.013
2.800
(mg/kg)
0.073
0.021
0.088
a - Actual concentration of the constituent in the treatment residual (if quantified above the detection limit).
dl - Detection limit of the constituent in the treatment residual (if not quantified above the detection limit).
* Adjusted value was calculated by multiplying the unadjusted value by the accuracy correction factor (ACF).
C99 = expdnean of Ins of adjusted values + (standard deviation of Ins x 2.33))
Variability factor - C99/mean of adjusted value. A variability factor of 2.8 was used when a constituent was not detected (dl) in all sample sets for which it was
analyzed.
Treatment standard = mean of adjusted values x variability factor.
Note: The unadjusted values and matrix spike data for these calculations were from stabilization of F024 incinerator ash at Waterways Experiment Station
(Reference 2).
------- |