United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Radiation
6202J
EPA 430-F-92-032
November 1992
oEPA
Green Lights, Buildings
& Energy Star
Building Update Series: Volume 1, No. 1
I
' '"<> A Staged Strategy of
Profitable Pollution
Prevention for
i| Comprehensively
Harvesting Maximum
Energy Savings at the
Lowest Possible Cost
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Green
Lights
Prepared by: Global Change Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS
Commercial buildings consume 15% of all
energy in U.S.
Buildings produce
12% of all nitrogen oxides contributing to acid rain and smog
22% of all sulfur dioxide causing acid rain
3% of all CFCs causing ozone depletion and global warming
30% of all utility-generated carbon dioxide
Average cost per square foot for energy is $1.30 - $3.50
Technologies exist to profitably reduce over 50% of this energy
Implementation of demonstrated building technologies can:
Save $0.50 to $1.25 a sguare foot (net profit) per year
Save $33 billion from nation's electricity bills by 2000
Prevent $126 billion of power plant expenditures by 2000, freeing resources for
job-creating investment
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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROFITS
Heat Recovery
Many Technology Options
Air Handling
Natural Gas
Heating and Cooling
Maximizing Savings Requires:
Driving down cost of advanced technologies
Skilled selection of technologies
Staging implementation in the proper order to integrate systems
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EPA STRATEGY: GREEN LIGHTS, BUILDINGS AND ENERGY STAR
Stage
Load Reduction
Creen Lights
Energy Star Computers
Stage
Air Handling
Variable speed drive (VSD)
fan motor controls
Smaller, high-efficiency
motors and fans
High-efficiency diffusers
Stage
Chiller Plant
Replace older inefficient
chillers or retrofit with CFC
substitute refrigerants
VSD on compressor where
appropriate
Downsize pump
VSD on pumps and cooling
tower fans
Heat pipes and desiccant
dehumidification
Goals
Reduce energy for lighting
Reduce cooling load
Reduce costs of efficient
lighting technology
Reduce costs of energy for PC's
and peripherals
Reduce electric and cooling
load
Reduce air handling energy
Reduce cost of VSD
technology
Eliminate CFCs
Reduce chilling energy
Reduce reheat
Reduce dehumidification costs
Avoid disruption of service;
avoid higher prices by waiting
for phaseout
Reduce technology costs
Results
Green Lights starts process of building
optimization off by reducing electric
and cooling load, and effectively demon-
strating savings potential to senior man-
agement. Also drives down marketing
costs to vendors, demonstrating extraordi-
nary potential for market growth and
transformation.
Energy Star Computers has begun the
process of driving down plug loads,
the fastest growing process load. EPA
works directly with manufacturers to
accelerate development of energy-effi-
cient products.
The Air Handling program will reduce
costs of this second-largest energy use.
By expanding markets, the Air Handling
program will lower the cost of VSDs and
other high-efficiency air handling equip-
ment, demonstrate savings, and provide
building owners with certainty that goals
of improved efficiency and comfort can
be met simultaneously.
The chiller program will assure building
managers reduced energy costs and a
secure refrigerant supply. With downsized
load, chiller replacement will often be less
expensive. VSDs will enhance operating
efficiency and profits with varying loads.
In many instances, profits can be further
enhanced through improved heat ex-
changer design, optimized pump
sizing, and integrated high-efficiency
dehumidification.
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Stage
Heating
Heat recovery
Heat pumps
Cos
Goals
Reduce electric resistance use
Lower electric and thermal
load
Results
Opportunities for reducing space heat-
ing loads may exist with heat recovery
or heat pumps.
Stage
Hot Water
Heat recovery
Heat pumps
Cogeneration
Improve thermal efficiency
Reduce electric resistance use
Heat recovery or heat pumps can pro-
vide hot water with less energy than
conventional electric resistance water
heaters. Cogeneration may improve
overall system efficiency.
Stage
Building Controls
Larger dead bands
Real time demand
Stage
Dx (package units)
Golden Carrot products
R&D for super-efficient new
products
Optimize system performance
Reduce energy
Provide greater comfort
Accelerate technology
improvements
Reduce largest AC load
Expand market for non-CFC
products
Improved control strategies, including
larger dead bands, provide still further
savings.
Golden Carrot "market pull" pro-
grams accelerate development of super-
efficient products, including CFC-free
super-efficient refrigerators.
Stages can be implemented
simultaneously where desired.
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EPA PROGRAMS SEEK TO STOP
ALL PROBLEMS BLOCKING ENHANCED MARKETS
////VXf \ )
llffRAGMENTED
MARKETS
Green Lights & Building MOUs
Fair Lease Program
Model Utility Tariff
Super Ally Programs Utilities
Decision Support Systems
National Product Centers
Training Programs
Video Conferences
Direct Selling
Advertising
Energy Star Computer MOUs
Aggregated Purchases
Operating Leases
Rebate Databases
Standardized Utility Programs "
IGNORED
OVERHEAD
HIGH
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WHY NOT Do EVERYTHING AT ONCE?
Iff many buildings, where owners and managers
are ready, doing everything at once makes sense.
Staging offers opportunities for:
Aggregating demand and reducing costs
Providing superior design and
implementation assistance
Reducing loads first so advantages on lower
loads can be taken without risk
Creating management confidence to
continue to make corporate-wide decisions
rather than making facility by facility decisions
Financing
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for more information about
how your institution can
help prevent pollution while
profiting from reducing
energy costs:
WRITE OR FAX
U.S. EPA Global Change Division
Mail Code 6202 )
401 M St., SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Fax: (202)233-9575
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