United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Radiation
6202J
EPA 430-N-94-014
December 1994
&EPA
Green Lights
Update
i tKA
/(Green
Lights
Inside...
Computers Conference
Energy Star Showcase
Buildings Update..
Lighting-Related
Articles
Financing Options
for Your Upgrades
Compact
Fluorescents
Green Lights Welcomes
New Particioants ...
2
3
3
4
6
8
The 100 Percent Club (companies with entire product lines Energy Star compliant}. Represented (l-r):
CTX (2), Hewlett-Packard, Mary D. Nichols, EPA, USA Teknik (2), Samsung (2), and Optiquest. Not pic-
tured: MAG Innovision.
Calendar of
BHIH^^^HHI^H . S | ^J
University of
Michigan Hospitals ....
Upgrade Projects
Reported in August
Implementation
Report Form
Software
Corner
Implementation
Snanshot
11
11
13
15
15
Jeff Webb, Program Manager of
Computer/Monitor Equipment at | |
EPA. speaks to conference attendees Lef; Mark Sll//im,, rSA rebuilt ill. Josh Chenuki. ICE.
on highlights of the Energy Star and Doh Bytngfon, rSA Teknikin took otvr the touvsl
Computers program. f, Recycled/Recyclable
TA .C) Printed with Soy/Canola Ink on paper that
contains at least 50% recycled fiber
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
continued from page 1
"Most major computer
equipment manufacturers world-
wide now offer Energy Star
models," stated Linda Latham,
Director of the Energy Star
Programs at EPA. "This demon-
strates that the industry has
risen to the challenge to design
energy-efficient equipment.
These companies truly deserve
credit for making Energy Star a
standard feature in their product
designs and in helping to pre-
vent pollution."
The first annual Energy Star
Computers Awards were present-
ed by Mary D. Nichols, EPA
Assistant Administrator for Air
and Radiation, to "notable stars'
whose accomplishments merited
special recognition (see box).
The new Fax Machine program
takes effect July 1, 1995.
Among the issues highlight-
ed at the confer-
ence were some
Energy Star
Computer
achievements.
• Forty percent
of PCs and 85
percent of print-
ers sold in the
U.S. between July
1993 and June
1994 were Energy
Star compliant.
• Eleven compa-
nies are shipping
Energy Star
Pentiums (Caliber Computer, Dell,
Digital, Everex, Fountain
Technologies, Gateway, IBM,
Mass Research, Packard Bell,
Unisys, and Zenith Data Systems).
• Companies committed to
buying Energy Star Computers:
Bell Communications Research;
Carrier Corporation;
1994 Energy Star Computers Awards
Category
Most Creative Ad Campaign
Greatest Logo Visibility
Most User-Friendly Power Management
PCs: Lowest Power Energy Star
Technological Innovation
PCs: 100 Percent Energy Star Sales
Printers: 100 Percent of Product Line
Monitors: 100 Percent of Product Line
and Highest Percentage of Sales
Monitors: 100 Percent of Product Line
Printers: Highest Percentage of Sales
. . -
PCs: Highest Percentage of Sale
PCs: Highest Pen
Honorable Merrt
OutstSromg Program Contribu
Winner
NANAO
LEXMARK
COMPAQ
USA TEKNIK
CANON
USA TEKNIK
HEWLETT-PACKARD
MAG INNOVISION
CTX
OPTIQUEST
SAMSUNG
LEXMARK
OMPAQ
ETT-PACKARD
Chdilcr Members of the Energ\' Star Fax Machine program (l-r) Linda
Latham. EPA. Crane Dandridge. Program Manager fur Imaging Equipment,
EPA: Vicki Stmuss, Toshiba: Dennis McGaris and Hal Phillips. Hewlett-
Packard: Joe Rooney, Minolta: and David Fan: Canon-USA.
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN;
New York Power Authority;
Shaw Industries; Southern
California Edison; Suffolk
County, NY; State of California;
SUNY/Buffalo; U.S. Government;
Warner-Lambert.
John Hoffman, Director of
EPA's Global Change Division,
sees Energy Star Computers as a
cooperative way to decrease
energy demand at a time when
buildings systems and office
equipment require increasing
amounts of energy. "The Energy
Star program is already a sym-
bol of success....This is a non-
bureaucratic, voluntary program
that's creating energy-efficient
technology at no cost—or low
cost—and improving products,"
said Hoffman.
For more information about
joining the Energy Star Computers
program or purchasing Energy
Star equipment, please call the
Green Lights Energy Star Hotline
at 202 775-6650. H
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Energy Star Showcase Buildings Update
Building on Green Lights'
success, the Energy Star
Buildings program focuses on
energy-efficient investments for
U.S. commercial buildings. Using
proven technologies, its five-
stage implementation process
takes advantage of system inter-
actions, enabling building own-
ers to achieve additional energy
savings while lowering capital
expenditures. With the accelerat-
ed 1-year Showcase Buildings
program due for completion in
July 1995, the Update will report
regularly on the progress of
sample projects. This month fea-
tures Douglas County Judiciary
Center in Roseberg, OR.
"We're utilizing lighting color
and wall color to create a 'warm
atmosphere, because the same
temperature can feel warm or
cool based on room color," says
John Walker, Green Lights
Implementation Director, who
expects to be done before April
1995. Walker and the staff, who
manage the 250,000 square foot
Energy Star Showcase Building,
have installed 3500 Kelvin light-
ing and repainted some walls in
order to make the building "feel
warm" without raising the tem-
perature. Walker believes in
using the latest technology and
techniques to maintain lighting
and atmospheric quality.
With the technical support of
Green Lights Manufacturer Ally
and fellow Showcase Partner
Honeywell, Inc., Douglas County
installed an energy management
system (EMS) to monitor temper-
atures and up-to-the minute
equipment operation to enhance
energy efficiency. Tied into EMS
are upgraded fan and air han-
dling systems, allowing EMS to
optimize the efficiency of these
systems, which consume more
than 10 percent of total energy in
the facility. The EMS also has
direct digital control to monitor
and fine-tune heating and cooling
throughout the building. The out-
side air ventilation system, also
controlled by EMS, releases fresh
air according to ASHRAE stan-
dards 68-89 of 20 CFM per per-
son based on occupancy.
A new roof has eliminated
leaks and improved efficiency. By
laying down 3-inch thick adhe-
sive foam membranes, applying
spray foam, rolling out inner tube
material, and then painting a
thick white reflective sealant coat-
ing on top, the roofs insulating
properties were doubled.
Occupancy sensors tied into
EMS's timing system will match
lighting and HVAC levels to occu-
pancy schedules. Already operat-
ing in several sections of the
Judiciary Center, an electronic
card system must be used by
employees to activate lighting and
HVAC systems in a given room
"after hours"—a supervisor
receives a bill for the unscheduled
space/time used. Unscheduled
occupancy has declined where
the cards are in use.
The variable speed drive and
off-line uninterrupted power sup-
ply (UPS) system projects are
already underway. The UPS,
which restores lost power instan-
taneously, will save $3,000 annu-
ally because, like Energy Star
Computers, it powers down until
needed, reducing electricity
usage and heat generation. The
Center has reduced energy con-
sumption by over 50 percent in
the past 4 years, and the monthly
energy bill has gone from
$24,000 to $11,000 since it
became a pioneer Energy Star
Showcase Building. H
Lighting-Related
Articles
"Green Lights: The Year of Implementation,"
Building Operating Management, September
1994, pp. 72-104.
"Quest for Sales," Lighting Design & Application,
September 1994, pp. 22-26.
"Lighting the Path to an Energy-Efficient Future,"
Buildings, September 1994, pp. 54-56.
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Financing Options
for Your Upgrades
In the pursuit of higher
quality, more energy-efficient
lighting systems, Green Lights
Partners and Allies have been
pushing through proposals for
comprehensive upgrades. What
senior management wants to
know is: How are we going to
pay for this work?
Numerous financing options
are available to fund energy-effi-
cient upgrades. The financing
method you select should take
into consideration a variety of
organization-specific factors, such
as company size, existing debt
capacity, in-house expertise
level, and risk tolerance. The
major financing options are
described below, including bene-
fits and drawbacks, to help you
select the method most appropri-
ate to your organization's needs.
To illustrate the issues in-
volved with some of these financ-
ing options, we'll use an example:
XYZ Corp. plans to install a $1
million energy-efficient lighting
system that will yield $340,000 in
annual energy cost savings.
Turn-Key Purchase
This is a simple cash pur-
chase. XYZ Corp. would realize
a payback period of 2.9 years
(initial investment of $1 mil-
lion/annual energy cost savings
of $340,000) and an internal rate
of return of 34 percent over a
20-year horizon. This method is
good for cash-rich organizations
eager to avoid debt. You enjoy
100 percent of the energy sav-
ings stream from the start, plus
the depreciation tax shelter on
equipment; however, you
assume the energy savings risk,
and funding for lighting
upgrades is not available for
other projects.
Cash Purchase with
Utility Incentives:
Establish Revolving Fund
Often it is possible to sup-
plement your cash investment
with funding provided by your
local utility. Many utilities offer
cash rebates and demand-side
management (DSM) contracts
that can lower project costs up
to 40 percent. Rebates are
straight cash back on equipment
purchased, and DSM contracts
offer cash back for measured
electric load reductions. DSM
contracts may require you to
work with an energy service
company (ESCO)—lighting pro-
fessionals who can accurately
monitor and measure energy sav-
ings. The Green Lights Financing
Directory, a computerized listing
of all known major utility rebate
programs in the U.S., is available
through the Green Lights/Energy
Ten-Year Revolving Reinvestment Fund Strategy (in dollars)
Bj|P**ip
Rebate (25% of investment) 37,500
,,,„,, . a.
Annual Savings (2 1 % of investment) 3 1 ,500
Cumulative Investment
(cash + rebates) 1 87,500
Cumulative Annual Savings
Available for Reinvestment 3 1 ,500-
|
7,875
6,615
226,875
38,115
H
9,529
8,004
274,5 1 9
46,1 19
H
1 1,530
9,685
332,168
55,804-
imi
13,951
11,719
401,923
67,523
16,881
14,180
486,327
81,703
H
20,426
17,158
588,455
98,860
mm
24,715
20,761
712,031
119,621-
29,905
25,120
861,557
144,742-
> 144,742
36,185
30,396
1,042,484
175,137
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Star Hotline at 202 775-6650. It
also provides names of third-
party financing companies for
lighting upgrades.
If you want to minimize
cash outlays, you can establish
a revolving reinvestment fund,
whereby energy savings from
the first round of upgrades
fund later upgrades. To see
how this works, let's examine
the same upgrade project that
requires $1 million to complete
and yields $340,000 in annual
electric bill savings. Using a
combination of rebates (XYZ
can recover approximately 25
percent of cash invested each
year) and careful reinvestment
of savings (XYZ estimates 21
cents in energy cost savings per
dollar invested), XYZ can
finance the project with very
little cash. If XYZ Corp. invests
15 percent up front ($150,000),
it could complete the project in
10 years with that small initial
investment (see chart on page
4). As energy savings increase,
more upgrade funding becomes
available. This financing
method requires a detailed
measurement and verification
plan to monitor energy savings
and separate those savings from
normal electric bill fluctuations
(see table at right).
This method is good for
organizations with limited cash.
You enjoy 100 percent of the
energy savings stream from the
start, plus the depreciation tax
shelter; however, you assume
the energy savings risk, and
Upgrade Financing Sources (by %)
Internal Funds
Conventional Loans
Utility Funds
Lease/Lease-Purchases
Shared Savings
Other
N/A
Mfg. = Manufacturer Ally; LMC
Corp.
71
1
5
1
1
4
17
~ Lighting Mana
State
29
0
21
17
5
26
\
Participant Type
City Mfg. LMC
31
0
45
18
2
3
2
76
1
2
2
0
2
18
Cement Company Ally: (Jtil.
84
0
2
0
0
2
12
Util.
92
0
1
0
0
0
7
= Utility Ally; Dist.
Dist.
71
5
0
0
0
5
18
All
70
1
6
2
1
5
15
= Distributor Ally
funding for lighting upgrades is
not available for other projects.
Conventional Loan
If bank financing is avail-
able, loan payments can be
structured to be slightly lower
than projected energy savings.
Banks usually require a down
payment. This financing method
is good for organizations with
borrowing ability. It minimizes
your cash outlay at the start,
and the loan is repaid through
your energy savings. After the
loan is repaid, you reap 100
percent of the energy savings
stream and benefit from the
depreciation tax shelter as well
as the loan's interest expense
tax shelter; however, you
assume energy savings risk, and
funding for lighting upgrades is
not available for other projects.
Capital Lease
Most lighting contractors and
ESCOs offer installment financ-
ing that is essentially a capital
lease. Like a conventional loan,
payments can be slightly lower
than projected energy savings. A
capital lease requires a buyout
(purchase option) at lease's
term. This arrangement is attrac-
tive because it requires no
money down and, after the buy-
out, you enjoy the entire savings
stream. You benefit from the
depreciation and interest
expense tax shelters; however,
you assume the energy savings
risk, and the lease is treated like
debt on your balance sheet. As
a landlord, you cannot pass
through to tenants upgrade costs
financed with a capital lease,
because they are typically con-
sidered capital improvements.
Operating Lease
Some financial institutions
and ESCOs offer operating leas-
es (usually for energy-efficient
building systems instead of just
lighting). The ESCO maintains
ownership of the installed
equipment, and your organiza-
tion makes monthly lease pay-
ments out of energy savings
realized. At the lease's term,
you renew the lease, purchase
the equipment, or return it to
the ESCO.
This option is attractive
because it requires no money
continued on page 7
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Compact Fluorescents:
In Demand for All the Right Reasons
Compact fluorescent lamps
should be on every Green Lights
participant's most wanted list.
The practical and aesthetic fea-
tures of today's high-quality,
energy-efficient compact fluores-
cents have created strong
demand. When labor, energy,
and materials are factored, com-
pact fluorescents can save 65 to
75 percent in lighting costs (see
Figure 1). Compared with incan-
descent lamps, they generate
three to four times more lumens
per watt and have a rated lamp
life 10 times longer—one of the
more lucrative Green Lights
investments.
Compact fluorescent lamps
come in a variety of shapes,
sizes, and wattages, making
incandescent retrofits easier than
ever before. Their excellent
color rendering index of 80 or
higher nearly duplicates that of
incandescent lamps.
Compact Fluorescent
Applications
Retrofit compact fluorescent
lamps are offered as modular
units (replaceable lamps with a
screwbase adaptor and ballast),
or integral units ^fluorescent
lamps with a screwbase adaptor,
ballast, and lamp all in one
unit). With modular units, you
can replace lamps three to four
times without changing ballasts.
Twin-Tube
Downlights
Triple-Twin-
Tube and
Quad-Tube
Integral
Ballast Lamp
Circline &
Square
Reflector
Unit
©
Surface
Lights
Pendant
Fixtures
Track
Lights
Sconces
Excellent
Suitable
Not
recommended
If a reflector is not Integrated in
fixture, reflector unit would be
a better lamp application.
Both are available with magnetic
or electronic ballasts. The fol-
lowing applications offer a vari-
ety of features.
Twin-tube compact fluores-
cents—the most common appli-
cation, twin tubes can retrofit
exit signs, ceiling fixtures, and
sconces because of their tall,
slender form. But their length
creates some limitations. For
example, when retrofitted base-
up in a recessed downlight, they
can appear unsightly and create
glare.
Quad-tube and triple-twin-
tube compact fluorescents—
designed to reduce lamp length
while maintaining lumen output,
the triple-twin-tube and triple-U-
_______________ tube are the most
compact fluores-
cent lamps—
quadruple- twin-
tubes are expect-
ed soon. These
lamps suit down-
lights and track
lights with reflec-
tors, as well as
pendant fixtures
and table lamps.
Circline and
square compact
fluorescents—
designed for table
lamp applications,
circline and
square-shaped
compact fluores-
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
continued from page 5
clown, the lease is not recorded
as debt on your balance sheet,
and payments are tax deductible
as operating expenses; however,
you assume the energy savings
risk. Operating leases can be
tricky to structure, so you need
to work with an experienced
financial partner. As a landlord,
you can pass through to tenants
upgrade costs financed with an
operating lease, because they are
classified as operating expenses.
Performance Contract
Under this unique arrange-
ment, an ESCO installs a lighting
upgrade and XYZ Corp. agrees to
pay a percentage of the measured
energy cost savings each month
until the project cost is recovered.
It no savings occur, XYZ Corp.'s
monthly payment is suspended.
This option is ideal for most
organizations provided they have
the flexibility to work with third-
party installers. Performance con-
Overview of Four Most Common Financing Options
Initial Payment
Periodic
Payments
Payment Source
Performance Risk
Contract
Termination
Optionsf
Ownership
Tax Deductions§
'" Owner's risk may be
f At end of term.
§ Sub/ect to change in
Cash
Purchase
1 00% of
project cost
none
capital
owner: 100%*
N/A
building owner
depreciation
reduced with guaranteed
tax laws. Consult with la
Conventional
Financing
0-30% of
project cost
fixed
capital
owner: 100%*
principal payoff
building owner
depreciation and
interest
savings insurance
. advisor regarding
Capital
Lease
$0 or deposit
fixed
capital
owner: 100%*
principal payoff
building owner
depreciation
and interest
eligibility.
Shared
Savings
$0
percentage of
energy cost savings
operations
investor: 100%
fair market value
buyout, renew, or
return
investor
shared savings
payments
tracts require no money down,
energy savings are guaranteed by
the contractor, and contract pay-
ments are deductible as operat-
ing expenses. You have modest
positive cash flow from day one
through leftover energy savings,
after which you enjoy the entire
savings stream. Working with an
ESCO also provides a high level
of technical expertise and experi-
ence with energy-efficient equip-
ment. An ESCO could help you
identify savings opportunities
you did not know exist.
Performance contracts
can be tricky to structure,
so you should obtain good
information on how to
arrange these contracts.
EPA's Green Lights techni-
cal staff has assembled a
booklet on Requests for
Proposals and Requests for
Quotes that provides valu-
able information on this
type of financing. Call the
Green Lights/Energy Star
Hotline at 202 775-6650 to
request a copy. PR
continued from page 6
cents also suit low-profile
sconces and shallow ceiling fix-
tures; square compact fluores-
cents provide better color
rendering.
Reflector units—these pro-
vide a wide flood beam for uni-
form illumination, but compact
fluorescents are still a linear light
source, making optic control a
challenge. These lamps work
best in recessed downlights in
ceilings less than 15' high and in
track lights when tight beam
control is not needed.
Retrofit Considerations
Although compact fluores-
cent retrofits are great success-
es, they do raise application
issues. For example, not all
incandescent fixtures can han-
dle other lamps. The following
issues should be considered
before upgrading:
Size. Shape and size vary, so
certain compact fluorescents
work better in certain applica-
tions. Check manufacturer data
for lamp/adaptor dimensions to
ensure proper fitting.
Dimmability. Current screw-
base (retrofit) compact fluores-
cents cannot be dimmed—
dimmers must be replaced with
switches to upgrade properly.
continued on page 10
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Green Lights Welcomes
New Participants
Green Lights welcomes 24 new participants
who joined in September to take advantage of the
benefits of energy-efficient lighting upgrades.
Siemens Rolm Communications, a telecommu-
nications manufacturer, has committed its manufac-
turing plants, R&D labs, and sales offices to Quick
Start, which involves a kickoff meeting and demon-
stration project within 180 days of signing the
Memorandum of Understanding. Rolm's demonstra-
tion project, a new 10,000 square foot R&D lab at
its Santa Clara, CA, headquarters, will use T-8
lamps and electronic ballasts preferred by employ-
ees. "We're all thrilled with this project—it benefits
the environment and saves money, too," says Tracy
Egeness, Green Lights Implementation Director
(GLID) and Environmental Associate Engineer.
BIC Corporation, based in Milford, CT, has
joined Green Lights "to take advantage of the
expertise and make sure we're doing it right," says
Kenneth Brannin, GLID and Director of Plant
Services. Known for its pens, shavers, and lighters,
BIC is surveying and will upgrade 1.3 million
square feet of facilities in three states. BIC had
used high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps since
1982 to improve color rendering—extremely
important in manufacturing plastic components.
Metal halide lamps, which provide even better
color rendering, have been installed in newer
plants and will be used to upgrade HPS lamps.
With a $10 million electric utility budget and
over 500 facilities, Fulton County has joined Green
Lights because it "needs to control energy
growth," says Jim Winslett, GLID and Energy
Management Engineer, Dept. of Public Buildings.
Winslett developed a design standard involving
energy-efficient lighting for new construction and
renovations, and he plans to install daylight
switching, T-8s, and electronic ballasts in upgrade
projects. Fulton County seeks the Green Lights
tools and reporting system to help implement
upgrades and document progress: "They're time
savers." Employees will receive Green Lights litera-
ture and tour demonstration upgrades.
Green Lights looks forward to working with its
new participants. For more information about Green
Lights, please contact the Hotline at 202 775-6650. PI
Partners (14)
Allen Memorial Hospital • BIC Corporation • Eastalco Aluminum Company • Epson Portland Inc.
I Fulton County (GA) • Loews Annapolis Hotel • Mercy Fitzgerald Medical Center • Mercy Memorial
Hospital • National Naval Medical Center • Rochester Community School Corporation • Rolm, A
Siemens Company • UAV • US Naval Academy • Wasatch County School District
Allies (4)
Electro-Tech's • Energy Group Management, Inc. • Energy Planning Associates
• Litemore Distributors of Boston Ltd.
Endorsers (6)
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
• Business for Social Responsibility • Concern, Inc. • Minnesota Hospital Association
• New Mexico Hospital Association • The Wagner Group, Inc.
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Calendar of
Lighting-Related Events
World Energy
Engineering Congress
Location: Atlanta, GA
Contort: Ted Kurklis, 404 925-9648
Date: December 7-9, 1994
Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America's (IESNA) 1995
LIGHTFAIR
Location: Chicago, IL
Contact: AMC Tradeshows,
404220-2215
Date: May 23-25, 1995
Lighting Efficiency Congress
Location: San Francisco, CA
Contact: Debbie Fernandez,
Association of Energy Engineers,
404 279-4386
Date: April 19-20, 1995
Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America (IESNA) Annual
Conference
Location: New York, NY
Contact: Valerie Landers,
212248-5000, ext. 117
Date: July 29-August 3, 1995
| International Association of
j Lighting Management
Companies' (NALMCO)
42nd Annual Convention
I Location: Nashville, TN
1 Contact: Jennifer Busch, 609 799-5501
I Date: April 30-May 2, 1995
Green Lights
Workshops
are listed on
the back
page of this
Update.
EPA Introduces Consolidated
Green Lights/Energy Star Hotline
Effective November 1, 1994, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency will operate a single comprehensive
hotline to answer any questions you have about the
Green Lights/Energy Star programs. The Green
Lights/Energy Star Hotline's customer service staff is
trained to answer questions, provide technical assis-
tance and software support, process material requests,
and accept registrations for Lighting Upgrade
Workshops.
The Hotline is available Monday through Friday
with newly extended hours—8:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.
(ET). For Partners in Green Lights, this hotline is
*
intended to supplement support services.
Green Lights/Energy Star Hotline
Phone Number
.202 77S-66SO
Green Lights/Energy Star Hotline
FAX Number
.202 775-6680
Extended Hotline Hours:
Monday-Friday 8:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Eastern Time)
Wishing
you and
your
family
a happy
holiday
r
EPA'fi Green Lights
Program Staff
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
continued from page 7
Failure to do so is a fire hazard.
Dimmable compact fluorescent
systems exist, but they usually
require a new luminaire, includ-
ing a dimmable ballast, four-pin
compact fluorescent lamp, and
dedicated dimming control.
Optical efficiency and projection
distance. Fluorescents do not pro-
vide the same optic control as
incandescent or high intensity
discharge lamps. Compact fluo-
rescents with integral reflectors
do not achieve the same projec-
tion distance as most incandes-
cent lamps. Use compact
halogen reflector lamps for
applications requiring greater
projection.
Orientation and temperature
effects. When positioned base-up
or horizontal and ambient tem-
perature is approximately 25° C
(77° F), compact fluorescents
provide optimal lumen output.
Enclosing compact fluorescent
lamps in indoor fixtures may
lower lumen output because of
higher ambient temperatures
inside the fixtures. When ambi-
ent temperature drops in cold
regions, outdoor compact fluo-
rescents have lower lumen out-
put and might fail to start.
Consult the manufacturer for
minimum starting temperature
and performance data.
Harmonic distortion. In a typi-
cal 4-wire, 3-phase power distri-
bution system, harmonic
distortion adds current to the
neutral wire. Although electronic
ballasts have a higher effect on
harmonic distribution, "low-har-
monic" ballasts are available.
When compact fluorescents are
a small part of the electrical
load, the harmonic current is
diluted. But when compact fluo-
Figure 1. Lighting costs of compact fluorescents compared with incandescents.
a wo
< $^o —
^Costs mc/ude material, tabor and energy costs.
$ I 00 Relompmg Labor (group re/omp)
$ 50 75VV Incandescent A-Lomp (1000 br life)
$15.00 20W Compact fluorescent (10.000 nr life)
$ 07/kVW) Energy Charge
rescents are a large part, specify
low-harmonic electronic ballasts
with less than 30 percent total
harmonic distortion.
Theft resistance. Some lamps
are now designed with a lock-
ing base option. Unless a spe-
cial tool is used, the lock
prevents the lamp from being
removed from its socket. This
not only prevents theft, it is
ideal for preventing "snap-
back," the tendency for occu-
pants to replace expired
compact fluorescents with
incandescents.
Before pursuing any retrofit,
complete a trial installation.
Compact fluorescents will not
always fit incandescent applica-
tions. For example, screwbase
compact fluorescents have large
adaptors that may not fit in fix-
tures designed for narrow-neck
incandescent lamps. For high
ceilings, a trial installation will
determine if a compact fluores-
cent will provide adequate illu-
mination.
For further information, con-
sult the Lighting Upgrade
Manual and the National
Lighting Product Information
Program Specifier Report on
Screwbase Compact Fluorescent
Lamp Products and its recent
supplement. To obtain these
publications or other lighting
upgrade information, call the
Green Lights/Energy Star Hotline
at 202 775-6650. If
4,000 6,000 8.000
Accumulated Hours of Lamp Operation
10
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GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
University of Michigan Hospitals
Educates Employees
"We found that the link between
energy conservation and pollution pre-
vention wasn't always clear. So, our pam-
phlet is a tool to explain to
employees why University of
Michigan Hospitals [UMH] is
involved in the Green Lights pro-
jects," says Tom Ouvry, UMH
Green Lights Implementation
Director and Energy Engineer. The
Ann Arbor, MI, teaching hospital
produced a 6-page pamphlet to
hand out to its 7,500 employees
during a Staff Energy Awareness
Program, as well as prior to
lighting surveys, when height-
ening employee awareness
increases support for Green
Lights upgrades. "When
employees think of turning
off a light as pollution pre-
vention rather than saving a few cents for
the hospital, they are even more eager to
get involved."
Inspired by a similar, simpler booklet
created by the University of Michigan
Housing Department, another Green
Lights participant, Ouvry wrote the pam-
phlet to explain:
• what the Green Lights program is,
• why UMH joined Green Lights and is
working with EPA to upgrade lighting,
• what upgrades save in terms of ener-
gy, cost, and pollution, and
• what UMH is doing as a Green Lights
participant.
"The feedback has been tremendous,"
says Ouvry of the response to the pamplet.
"Heightening awareness even a little bit
would have satisfied me, but UMH staff
response has been so positive that I expect
implementation to be highly successful." Pi
Upgrade Projects
Reported in September
The following program participants submitted implementation reports on lighting upgrades during September.
Completed Upgrades
AES Corporation, David Burley
Active Electric Supply, Rick Helsel
Advanced Control Technologies, Inc.,
Jack V. Taylor
Alabama Power Company, Joe Meadow
Amoco, Walter R. Quanstrom
Bechtel, Geoffrey Smith
Boeing, Fay Weaver
Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.,
Dan Frame
Chabot Community College,
Nick Pereira
Chase Manhattan Corporation,
EdwardJ. O'Shea
City University of New York,
Jerold Manner
City of Houston, Texas,
Dewayne Huckabay
Connetquot Central School District,
James Marran
Cooper Lighting, Frank Muir
Cox Newspapers, Harold J. Brown
Dura Pharmaceuticals, Dona Stewart
ELBA International, Inc.,
Alan W. Medak
Eclipse Technologies, Charles Osher
EMS Lighting Management Systems, Inc.,
WiUiam W. Kelly
Firstar Bank Madison, NA,
John M. Howe
Gray's Harbor County PUD #1,
Joanne E. Hansen
Guyco Corporation, Roger B. Turner
Hewlett-Packard Co., Robert Lanning
continued on page 12
11
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
continued from page 11
Indianapolis Power & Light,
Ivan K. Charley
International Energy Conservation
Systems, Richard Jackson
Jantzen, Inc., Scott Perry
Johnson & Johnson, Harry Kauffman
Lithonia Lighting, Mark Ricketson
Liz Claiborne, Inc., Mitchell Bernstein
Lumatech Corp., James O'Carroll
Marion County School District of TN,
Paul Turney
Midwest Conservation Systems,
Edward Irvine
Montgomery County, Maryland,
Homeira Razavi
NYNEX Corporation,
Roy W, Deitchman
National Semiconductor Corporation,
Joseph Seward
Northern Arizona University,
Mark Flynn
Northern Illinois Medical Center,
John Hadley
Ocean County College, Ken Olsen
Oryx Energy Company, Inc.,
Robert L. Sullivan
Planned Parenthood of SC Michigan,
Ron Knutson
Prince William County, Virginia,
Sharon J. Wise
Shealy Electrical Wholesalers, Inc.,
Travis Sutton
Southern California Edison Company,
Gary Suzuki
St. Luke's Hospital (FL), Bob Taylor
The Catholic University of America,
Robert Burhenn
The City of Austin, Fred Yebra
The Home Depot, Jim Laird
The Humane Society of the United
States, Peter T. Zier
The State of Maryland, Gerald Thorpe
The Washington Times, Joseph Butler
Thomas Industries, Inc., Joe Kolarik
UNISYS Corporation, Oscar D. Smith
US West, Inc., Walter Williams
USX/US Steel Group, RoyJ. Weiskircher
Union Camp Corporation, Ray Scholten
Unity College, Michael Carstens
Western Area Power Administration,
George O. Thomas
Westin Hotels & Resorts, Gus Newbury
Whirlpool, Michael Bacon
Wisconsin Electric Power,
Patty Galante
Woman's World Shops, Inc.,
Norman Lieberman
Upgraded Progress Reports
AES Corporation, David Burley
ANR Pipeline Company, Stephen Hudik
Advanced Control Technologies, Inc.,
Jack V. Taylor
Alabama Power Company, Joe Meadow
American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.,
Andrew Pucher
American Maize-Products Company,
David Gajewski
Amoco, Walter R. Quanstrom
Armada/Hoffler Real Estate Company,
Dave Ashley
Armada/Hoffler Real Estate Company,
Bruce G. Ford
BP Exploration - Alaska,
James Fairbanks
Bank of Hawaii, John Hashizume
Belco Electric, Inc., Trannon Thomas
Boeing, Fay Weaver
Bright Electrical Supply, Russell Miron
Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.,
Dan Frame
Carr Real Estate Services, Robert Fowler
Caterair International, Rich Schinner
Charming Shoppes, Inc.,
Richard Carinci
Chase Manhattan Corporation,
Edward J. O'Shea
City University of New York,
Jerold Marmer
Community Hospital
Anderson/Madison Co.,
John A. Wesley
Community Medical Center,
Charles Faella
Cook County, Illinois, Robert/. Werner
Data General Corporation,
Blair M. Wentworth
Deeter Lighting, Mark Deeter
Energy User News (Chilton Co.),
George W. Butter
Geisinger Medical Center,
William F. McCormick
Graybar Electric Company,
William Trussel
Guardian Corporation,
Richard H. Wyton
Guyco Corporation, Roger B. Turner
Honeywell, Inc., William P. Sikute
Illuminating Technologies, Robert Hunt
Indianapolis Power & Light,
Ivan K. Charley
Integrated Power & Lites,
Bryan McLain
International Institute for Energy
Conservation, Russell Sturm
JE Seagram Corporation, Bert Poirier
Jantzen, Inc., Scott Perry
Johnson & Johnson, Harry Kauffman
Leon County, Florida, Jeff Greene
Lithonia Lighting, Mark Ricketson
Medical College of Ohio,
Harvey Vershum
Moldcast, Division of USI Lighting,
Jeff Hunt
NYNEX Corporation,
Roy W. Deitchman
National Center for Manufacturing
Sciences, Jackie Willis
Nike, Inc., Jim Petsche
Ocean County College, Ken Olsen
Omaha Public Power District,
Marc Nichols
Oryx Energy Company, Inc.,
Robert L. Sullivan
Prescolite - Division of USI Lighting,
John Taylor
Prince William County, Virginia,
Sharon J. Wise
Ravenswood Hospital Medical Center,
Joseph S. Malacina
SPI Lighting, Inc., Dennis Johnson
Spectrum Lighting Technologies,
Kentjewett
Stambaugh-Thompson, Keith Berlin
The City of Austin, Fred Yebra
The Commonwealth of Virginia,
O. Gene Dishner
The Home Depot, Jim Laird
The State of Maryland, Gerald Thorpe
The Washington Times, Joseph Butler
UAV, Richard Job annas
US West, Inc., Walter Williams
USA/US Steel Group, RoyJ. Weiskircher
Union Camp Corporation, Ray Scholten
Unity College, Michael Carstens
University of Missouri at Columbia,
MarkK. Gulp
University of Rochester,
Patricia Beaumont
University of Virginia, M.S. Anand
Vista Lighting, Gerald A. Overheu
Wellington Sears Company,
T. Halliburton Wood
West Chester University, Shari L. Harris
Westin Hotels & Resorts, Gus Newbury
Westinghouse Electric Company,
James P. Brennan
Whirlpool, Michael Bacon
Woman's World Shops, Inc.,
Norman Lieberman
World Vision, John Spurgin
World Wildlife Fund,
Amelia S. Salzman
12
-------
GREEN LIGHTS IMPLEMENTATION REPORT
OMB # 2060-0255 Exp. 3/3 1/96
SURVEY REPORT
(fill in sections 1,2,4,6, and 12 below)
COMPLETED PROJECT REPORT
(fill in sections 1-12 below)
Date:
Page of
(attach additional pages as needed)
1. FACILITY INFORMATION
Company Name:
Facility Name:
Facility address:
City/St./ZipCode
Facility type*
New Construction?
Yes No
2. LIGHTING FIXTURES BEFORE UPGRADE r*«M codes on back)
Fixture
Type*
Fixture
Quantity
Lamp
Type*
Lamp
Wattage
Lamps1'
Fixture
Ballast
Lamps
Ballast
Wattage
per Fixture
Lighting
hours year
4. LIGHTING CONTROLS BEFORE UPGRADE
Type 1*
Quantity
Type 2*
Quantity
Type 3*
Quantity
6. MAINTENANCE METHODS BEFORE UPGRADE
Group relamping?
Yes No Fixture cleaning?
Yes No
Facility Manager:
Telephone No./FAX No.
Total Floorspace for this Facility:
Floorspace included in this report:
Is this the FIRST report sent to EPA for this floorspace?
sq.ft.
sq.ft.
Yes No
3. LIGHTING FIXTURES AFTER UPGRADE
(*use codes on back)
Upgrade
Type*
Fixture
Fixture
Quantity
Lamp
Type*
Lamp
Wattage
Lamps
Fixture
Ballast
Lamps
Ballast
Wattage
per Fixture
Lighting
hours Vear
5. LIGHTING CONTROLS AFTER UPGRADE
Type '*
Quantity
Type 2*
Quantity
Type 3*
Quantity
7. MAINTENANCE METHODS AFTER UPGRADE
Group relamping?
Yes No Fixture cleaning?
Yes
No
8. COMMENTS
9. PROJECT COSTS
Survey
Administrative
Materials
Installation Labor
Disposal/Recycling Costs:
Other Costs
Total Project Cost
Rebates/Grants
6200 (93094)
10. LIGHTING SAVINGS
Lighting Load Reduced
Electricity Reduction
% Lighting Savings
Energy Cost Savings
Internal Rate of Return
Syr
11. IMPLEMENTATION METHODS:
Survey/Analysis*
Equipment Provider
Installation Method*
Financing Method*
use codes on the back for these entries
12. SIGNATURE
Are you? GL Implementation Director
Facility Manager
Other
Send to: Jackie Krieger, Green Lights, US-EPA 6202J, 401 M St. SW, Washington DC 20460 , or
FAX to (202) 233-9569. For questions, call the Green Lights technical hotline: 202-862-1145
-------
GREEN LIGHTS IMPLEMENTATION REPORT CODES
Facility Type
1000 Office
1001 Warehouse
1002 Industrial Manufacturing
1003 Retail sales
1004 Healthcare
1005 Lodging (hotels, dormitories etc.)
1006 Assembly (churches, auditoriums, etc.)
1007 Education (classrooms)
1008 Food sales and service
1009 Parking Garage
1010 Laboratory
1011 Outdoor
Fixture Type
13 Fluorescent-commercial-no lens
14 Fluorescent- commercial-clear lens
15 Fluorescent- commercial-translucent lens
16 Fluorescent - deep cell louver
17 Fluorescent - small cell louver
18 Fluorescent- industrial-open fixture
19 Fluorescent- industrial-enclosed fixture
20 Incandescent- downlight ("can")
21 Incandescent-spotlight'floodlight
22 Incandescent-decorative 'sconce
23 Incandescent-pendant fixture
24 Incandescent-general illumination
25 Incandescent-exterior landscape
26 Incandescent - track lighting
27 HID-outdoor-cobra head
28 HID-outdoor-shoe box
29 HID-outdoor-wallpak-flood
30 HID-outdoor-landscape
31 HID-outdoor-sports lighting
32 HID-indoor-high bay
33 HID-indoor-low bay
34 HID-indoor-recessed commercial
35 HID-indoor-sports lighting
36 Exit sign-incandescent
37 Exit sign-fluorescent
38 Exitsign-LED
39 Exit sign-electroluminescent
40 Exit sign- tritium
41 Exit sign- luminescent
42 Indirect
Installation by
2030 in-house staff
2031 contractor
2032 utilitv
Lamp Type
54 T-8
55 T-10
56 T-12 Energy Saving
57 T-12 Cathode cut-out
58 T-12 High Lumen
59 T-12 Standard
60 T-12 High Output (SOOma)
61 T-12 VHO(lSOOma)
62 T-17VHO(1500ma)
63 T-5 single ended
64 Compact twin-tube
65 Compact quad-tube
66 Compact-integrated ballast
67 Compact-circular
68 Incandescent-general service (A. PS.T)
69 Incandescent-Reflector (R, PAR, ER)
70 Incandescent-decorative
71 Halogen-general service
72 Halogen-reflector (R,PAR, MR)
73 Halogen-tubular
74 HID-mercury vapor
75 HID-metal halide
76 HID-high pressure sodium
77 HID-\vhite-HPS
78 Low pressure sodium
79 T-12 Slimline
Ballast Type
80 Fluorescent-old standard magnetic
81 Fluorescent-efficient magnetic
82 Fluorescent-hybrid cathode cutout
83 Fluorescent-standard electronic
84 Fluorescent-integrated electronic
85 Fluorescent-extended output electronic
86 Fluorescent-partial output electronic
87 Fluorescent-dimming electronic
88 Fluorescent-step dimming electronic
89 Fluorescent-HO standard magnetic
90 Fluorescent-HO (SOOma) electronic
91 Fluorescent-VHO standard magnetic
92 Fluorescent-compact magnetic
93 Fluorescent-compact electronic
94 HID-magnetic
95 HID-electronic
96 Fluorescent-HO efficient magnetic
97 Fluorescent-VHO efficient magnetic
Upgrade Type
110 Relamp only
111 Delamp only
112 Relamp and reballast
113 Specular reflector delamp
114 Reflector Reballast
115 New Lens Reflector-Reballast
116 New lens louver
117 New fixture
118 Convert Incand. to Fluorescent or HID
119 Task Lighting
Control Type
100 Manual switching
101 Manual dimming
102 Occupancy sensor
103 Timed switching
104 Timed dimming
105 Daylight switching
106 Daylight dimming
107 Panel level dimming
108 Panel level EMS
109 Power reducer
Survey/Analysis by
2010 in-house personnel
2011 independent consultant
2012 electrical contractor
2013 utility representative
2014 equipment supplier
2015 lighting management company
2016 energy services company
2017 Green Lights Surveyor Ally
2018 Architect
2019 Lighting Designer
2024 Electrical Distributor
Equipment Provided by
2020 lighting equipment supplier
2021 lighting management company
2022 utility
2023 contractor
2040
2041
2042
Financing by
internal funds
conventional loan
utihtv
2043 lease lease-purchase
2044 shared savings
2045 other
POLLUTION PREVENTION
You may want to estimate the
pollution prevention of this
project for your own use. Use the
follow ing formulas and factors:
:02: kWh yr
saved
SO2: kWhyr
saved
NOx: kWh-yr
saved
emission
factor
emission
factor
emission
factor
lbs-yr
g>T
g/yr
EPA Regional Emission Factors (see note below)
REGION 1: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.1 4.0 1.4
REGION 2: NJ, NY, PR, VI
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.1 3.4 1.3
REGION 3: DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.6 8.2 2.6
REGION 4: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.5 6.9 2.5
REGION 3: IL, IN, Mi; MN, OH, WI
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.8 10.4 3.5
REGION 6: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.7 2.2 2.5
REGION 7: IA, KS, MO, NE
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 2.0 8.5 3.9
REGION 8: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 2.2 3.3 3.2
REGION 9: AZ, CA, HI, NV, Guam, Am Samoa
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 1.0 1.1 1.5
REGION 10: AK, ID, OR, WA
Emission per CO2 SO2 NOx
kWh saved: 0.1 0.5 0.3
Note: State pollution emission factors are
aggregated by EPA region. Factors for U.S.
territories are national average emission factors.
See the Green Lights Lighting Upgrade Manual.
page 2 of 620019-30 94]
-------
GREEN LIGHTS UPDATE, DECEMBER 1994
Software
Corner
ProjectKalc version 1.10 is available.
This enhanced version of ProjectKalc
allows users to analyze upgrade options
on a fixture-specific basis, aggregate fix-
ture upgrades into projects, and, optional-
ly, perform room-specific light level
analyses. Version 1.10 enhancements
allow users to define their own fixtures
and export project information to
ReportKalc, the progress reporting soft-
ware. ProjectKalc version 1.10 can be
ordered through the Green Lights/Energy
Star Hotline at 202 775-6650.
Development continues on an option-
al module for ProjectKalc that will recom-
mend upgrades based on existing fixtures
and desired relative light output.
ProjectKalc Expert is expected to recom-
mend several alternative fixture, lamp,
ballast, and control configurations for
each existing fixture, provide the associat-
ed lighting savings and costs, and allow
users to select the desired option or spec-
ify their own solution. A release date and
ordering information will appear in
Software Corner.
The Green Lights Financing Directory,
the rebate and financing information soft-
ware, is being updated. The Financing
Directory contains information on utility
incentives and third-party financing
options for energy-efficient lighting
upgrades. Preliminary data collection is
under way. Call the Green Lights/Energy
Star Hotline at 202 775-6650 to order the
Financing Directory. Fl
Implementation Snapshot
Compact Fluorescent Lamps Installed in Completed Upgrades
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0 Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oa Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct No* Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug
'92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '92 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '93 '94 '94 '94 '94 '9-f '94 '94 '94
Month/Year
15
-------
t / Ep*
. Green
S Lights
U.S. EPA Green Lights c
i inuTiMr; i IPT,R AHP wnRk'<;i-inp<; \X
UPGRADE
2'/2 -Day Workshops Featuring:
• Lighting Upgrade Technologies
• Lighting Analysis Software
• Project Planning and Management
• Financing Options and Analysis
• Green Lights Reporting
• Lighting Maintenance and Disposal
• Surveyor Ally Exam (on third day)
Name
Preregistration Form: Green Lights workshops are free and open to the public. Space is limited,
however, and priority will be given to Green Lights Partners. Complete details and instructions
will be faxed to preregistrants within 4 weeks of the workshop date. Return this form to Green
Lights Lighting Services Group, fax: 703 934-3530. Or mail to EPA Green Lights (6202J),40I
M Street, SW.Washington, DC 20460. t
Title
Company/Organization
Address
City
Phone ( )
State ZIP Code
Attendee fax number is very important
p,y to expedite the processing of this form.
area code
dl Cfl IAJUC
Status (Please check one) G Partner Q Ally G Surveyor Ally Candidate U Other
Please Indicate Preferred Workshop*:
Q Nashville,TN December 14-16 Q Little Rock,AR March 1-3
Q Atlanta, GA January 9-11 Q Chicago, IL May 2-4
*Please call 202 862-1 145 for current workshop information. The Surveyor Ally exam will be given on the morning of Day 3 and will conclude by I 1:00 a.m.
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation (6202J)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
a Dickinson
[PA
726 Minnesota Avenue
W.i-lR Management Division
- city, KS 66101
BULK RATE
Postage and Fees Paid
EPA
G-35
------- |