United States
 Environmental Protection
 Agency
Environmental Research
Laboratory
Gulf Breeze FL 32561
August 1980
 Research and Development
Water
in  Santa Rosa

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      WATER QUALITY STUDIES IN "
SANTA ROSA SOUND, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA
          Gerald A. Moshiri
          Nicholas G. Aumen
        Walter G. Swann, III
        Department of Biology
   The University of West Florida
      Pensacola, Florida  32504
           Grant #R-803566

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                                DISCLAIMER
     This report  has  been reviewed by the Environmental  Research Laboratory,
Gulf Breeze,  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  and  approved for publica-
tion.  Approval does  not signify that the contents necessarily reflect  the
views and policies  of the U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency, nor does men-
tion of trade names or commercial products constitute  endorsement or  recom-
mendation for use.

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                                  ABSTRACT
     Water samples were collected from six  stations in Santa  Rosa Sound and
Little Sabine  Bay, Florida, every two weeks between October, 1977, and June,
1979.  The samples, taken at the surface, mid-depth, and bottom  of each sta-
tion, were analyzed for temperature, salinity,  pH, transparency, inorganic
carbon, 5-day  biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, orthophosphate,
poly-phosphate,  ammonia, nitrate, and non-volatile grease and  oil; bacteria
were enumerated;  phytoplankton were identified and  enumerated;  and the water
column primary productivity was measured.
     Although  there were seasonal changes,  there were few intra or inter sta-
tion differences  on each sampling day.   However, Little Sabine  Bay exhibited
lower water transparency,  higher BOD,  higher  rates of primary production,
higher concentrations of non-volatile grease and  oil, and larger numbers of
bacteria and phytoplankton than Santa Rosa  Sound.

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                              CONTENTS
Abstract	iii
Acknowledgment	v

Introduction	  1
Methods 	  2
Results and Discussion 	  3
Conclusions 	 7
Supplement  	  9
References	12

Figures	'	17
Tables	38
Appendices	65
                                   IV

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                              ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     This research was  supported  by grant number R-805366 from the Environmen-
tal  Protection Agency.   Supplementary funds were also from the Santa Rosa  Is-
land Authority.  The authors  gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and  en-
couragement provided by the Project Officer, Dr.  Gerald Walsh.  Appreciation
is also extended  to Mr.  Douglas Flythe for computer programming assistance,
and to all  the undergraduate  and  graduate students who assisted throughout  the
duration of the project.

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                               INTRODUCTION
     The various  aspects of eutrophication  in  natural waters  have been under
extensive study during recent years (Shapiro  and Ribeiro,  1965;  McCarty and
Harris, 1967;  Putnam, 1967; Reimold and Daiber,  1967; Thomann and Marks,  1967;
Ballinger,  1968;  Welch, 1968, 1969; Bellamy  et.al., 1969;  Edmondson, 1969;
Hutchinson, 1969;  Porges,  1969; Pritchard,  1969; also  reviews  by Patrick,
1968; and Sinha,  1970).  Of particular interest  have been the roles of nutri-
ents in growth of algal populations and consequent  acceleration of natural eu-
trophication due  to  input  of nutrients in natural  waters.  Recently, more and
more such nutrification occurrences have been  traced to activities of man (see
reviews by Gerloff,  1969;  Provasoli, 1969;  Hannah,  Simmons and Moshiri, 1973;
Moshiri, Aumen and Crumpton, 1980).
     In spite of  progress  in the field of algal  nutrition  (see Martin, 1968;
Lackey, 1967;  Bernhard and Zattera, 1969;  also reviews  by Provasoli, 1958;
Lewis and Guillard,  1963;  Fogg, 1965), reliable techniques  still need to  be
developed for the quantitative estimation of nutrient  supplies to aquatic
plants.  The first step in the development  and application of such techniques
involves determination of  the concentration of certain nutrients in the system
and the relative  availability of these substances  for algal growth. Because  of
their availability in  sewerage effluents and  natural runoffs, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, and phosphorus have been  shown to  be three of the most important
components because of  their stimulating effect on  algal growth. Inflow of such
nutrients  results  in increased production  of algae and changes in their
community species composition.  This  may result in blooms of undesirable
species, usually  blue-greens and armoured dinoflagellates.   Algal components
of such systems are  usually unpalatable to  herbivores, yielding accumulation
of algal masses which  can  result in the death  of fish and shellfish (Ryther,
1954;  Ragotzkie  and  Pomeroy, 1957).   Therefore, information on nutrient
sources and availability are of paramount importance in predicting occurrences
and periodicities of  algal  blooms,  as  well  as in the  control  of nuisance
growths of algal  populations.  In addition, since  pollution wastes are usually
a major source of nutrient input in natural waters, results of assay work aid
in the development of  techniques for the alleviation of  pollution problems.
(Sylvester and  Anderson, 1960, 1964;  Gerloff,  1969;  Hannah, Simmons and
Moshiri, 1973).
     In the past  four years, reports of fish  and shellfish  kills, as well  as
other signs of serious water quality degradation,  have caused much concern and
speculation in northwestern Florida's extensive estuaries.  Santa Rosa Sound,
in Escambia and Santa  Rosa Counties, Florida,  has  shown signs of degradation.
This body of water extends westward from Choctawhatchee Bay to Pensacola Bay
and opens to the  Gulf  of Mexico at  Fort Pickens.  Due to  its  long narrow make-
up, variable depth,  remote connection with  the Gulf and  the presence of ob-
structions (bridges, etc.), Santa Rosa Sound  may not be  expected to  possess
sufficient circulation and flushing to aid  in dissipation  of pollutants and

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waste waters entering it  directly  or  indirectly  from a number of industrial
and municipal  sources (see  pp.  15-75 j[n The Proceedings of Conference on  Pol-
lution of the  Interstate  Waters of the Escambia River Basin,  Vol.  1,  1970).
This phenomenon may contribute  to  factors which  have caused  short-term  poor
water quality, and will cause eventual eutrophication of this  body of  water.
Therefore, an  all-out effort must  be mounted to prevent further degradation of:
this valuable  estuary and  steps  toward its  recovery implemented if algal
blooms and fish kills of  great  proportions, similar to those  which have oc-
curred, are to be avoided.
     The present investigation  was directed at monitoring water quality para-
meters in Santa Rosa Sound  and  was designed to give detailed information  con-
cerning its present water quality  status.  Although a number  of studies  have
been conducted on Escambia  and  East Bays, little  information  was previously
available on the water quality  of  Santa Rosa Sound.


                                   METHODS

     All sample collection  was  accompanied by measurement of physical-chemical
parameters at  each of six collection  sites including Little  Sabine Bay and
Quietwater Beach (station Q)  (Figure 1).  Such parameters included salinity,
temperature, dissolved oxygen,  pH, BOD,  inorganic carbon, and  light penetra-
tion.  All measurements and water  column samples were taken bi-weekly from the
six stations indicated in Figure 1 at the depths of 0.5m and 2.0m beneath the
surface, and 0.5m above the bottom.   In this report, surface  and bottom  sam-
ples are referred to as S and B, respectively, and are preceeded by the  sta-
tion number.  Water column  samples for analyses were obtained with a Van  Dorn
sampler, placed on ice and  returned to the laboratory for analyses as outlined
in Figure 2.  At the time of sampling, meteorological and tide conditions  were
recorded.  All analyses were conducted in laboratory facilities at the Univer-
sity of West Florida in Pensacola, Florida.
     Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ using a
YSI portable dissolved oxygen meter and  salinometer.  A Sargent-Welch field pH
meter was utilized for pH determinations.  Light penetration was measured  with
a Secchi disk.  Inorganic carbon analyses were conducted in the laboratory on
a Beckman total carbon analyzer.  Water  samples for algal analyses were  pre-
served with 5% buffered glutaraldehyde and cell numbers and types were  deter-
mined to genus or, when possible,  species, using a Wild M-40  inverted  micro-
scope and the  settling chamber  technique.
     Bacterial biomass is an important indicator of the condition of an aqua-
tic system (Rheinheimer,  1971;  Kuznetsov, 1972;  Sorokin and  Kadota,  1972).
Therefore, sterile sampling techniques and laboratory procedures described by
Rodina (1972)  were used to  investigate this indicator in the Sound and  Little
Sabine Bay.  By observing the difference in bacterial biomass  that may exist
at the various stations under different  nutrient and organic loadings,  it was
possible to relate this parameter  to  water quality status in the study area.
     Water samples were also analyzed for the  concentration  of ammonia, em-
ploying nesslerization and  spectrophotometric  analysis according to the method
of Solorzano (1969); and  for nitrate  using the technique described by Kahn and
Brezenski (1967).  For phosphate determinations, the analysis relied primarily
on methods described by Strickland and Parsons (1968).  Orthophosphate concen-
trations were  determined  by reactions with an  acidified molybdate solution to
form a phosphomolybdate heteropoly acid, the concentrations  of whose  reduced

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form (phosphomolybdenum  blue) were determined spectrophotometrical ly. Poly-
phosphate concentrations were analyzed by methods described in the  EPA Manual
of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (1976).  Grease and oil
concentrations in  the  water  column of stations 3, 4, 6, and Q,  and in bilge-
water samples  from boats moored at the marina near station 4 (Figure  1), were
determined according to  the  methods presented in Standard Methods for the Ex-
amination of Water and Wastewater (1975).  Soxhlet extractions (Standard Meth-
ods, 1975) were also performed to determine grease and oil concentrations  in
the sediments  of stations  3, 4, Q, and 6.
     The productivity  of algal cells was determined in conjunction  with the
above mentioned tasks.  The  complex of productivity studies was  conducted  once
every two weeks using  the  C-14 technique as modified by Goldman  and Armstrong
(1969), and Goldman, Moshiri, and de Amezaga (1972).  Determinations  were  made
from water samples taken from surface, mid-water, and bottom  at  the  six sta-
tions (Figure  1) and incubated in BOD  bottles  suspended at  the depths from
which the samples  were taken. At the end of a 4-hour incubation  period, they
were preserved with 5% buffered glutaraldehyde and returned to the  laboratory
for filtration through 0.45p membrane filters.  Activities of the samples  were
then determined using  a  Beckman LS-133 liquid scintillation counter.
     Two consecutive die!  studies were conducted at each of the  six stations
once each season during  the  first year, and twice  during the second year  at
stations 2 and 4 to determine diel trends in phytoplankton and  water column
nutrients.  These  studies  also included the measurement of water quality para-
meters already described.  Primary productivity measurements  were  made twice
during each of these seasonal studies.


                            RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     Due to the voluminous data collected, only  representative examples  of
results are given  as figures in the text.  As sampling began in  October 1977,
the first hatch mark on  the  horizontal axis of the figures represents October.
Stations 1, 2, 5,  and  6  in the Sound, and stations  3 and 4 in  Little Sabine
Bay, were similar with respect to major trends  in the various parameters.
Mid-depth samples  did  not  differ significantly  from surface water samples.
For this reason, surface and bottom data from stations 2 and  4  are presented
as examples in this report when pertinent.
     In August of 1979,  a  study was conducted at the request of the Sabine Is-
land  Laboratory  to monitor water  quality indices during  an  outbreak  of
Gonyaulax monilata in  Santa  Rosa Sound.  The data from this study is  presented
in Appendix I  and  is discussed in the supplement  at the end  of this  report.
The two diel studies conducted during the second year of the  project yielded
data which varied  little from those collected during the regular sampling  reg-
imen, and are included in  Appendix II.

Physical-Chemical  Factors
       Water column temperature in Santa Rosa Sound followed temporal patterns
ranging from a low of  6°C  to a high of 32°C.  Temperature values from  station
2S are given in Figure 3a  and are representative of all sample sites.  Consis-
tent pH values were demonstrated year-round at all collection sites regardless
of depth, and are  exemplified by data shown in Figure 3B.

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     Salinities  in the Sound and in Little Sabine  Bay varied widely both  tem-
porally and  spatially.  Figures 4a and 4b give  salinity values  at station  2,
the deepest  of all stations.  There, surface  salinity varied temporally,  with
lowest values  occurring during spring, when rainfall is usually greatest.  Also
notable is the fact that bottom waters, particularly at the  deeper sampling
locations (stations 2 and 6), showed consistently  higher salinities with  less
influence from meteorological phenomena and more influence  from tidal condi-
tions (compare Figures 4a and 4b with Table 1).
     Secchi  disk readings indicated generally lower water transparency during
summer at all  locations, as  shown by  data from station 2  (Figure 5a).   Of
special note is  the apparent lower water transparency over most of the year in
the more shallow and morphometrically restricted Little Sabine  Bay when  com-
pared to the Sound waters (Figure 5b).
     Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) followed temporal  patterns with higher and lower
concentrations associated with cooler and warmer months respectively (Figure
6a).  Bottom water from the deeper sites (stations 2 and 6)  periodically had
extremely low  D.O. concentrations, especially during summer.  This is of  par-
ticular importance with respect to station 2  (Figure 6b) near the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's (EPA) Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory on
Sabine Island.  Water for bioassay studies at  the laboratory  is drawn  from
this region  in the Sound, and could cause serious  problems  in  culture work,
especially during coincident periods of high  biochemical oxygen demand.   This
may have been  the case in several instances  when  culture  problems were en-
countered and  will be discussed later in this report.  Dissolved oxygen  con-
centrations  in Little Sabine Bay did not differ significantly  from those  in
the Sound and  also exhibited periods of depletion  in bottom water during  warm
weather (Figures 7a and 7b).
     Values  for  biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) were sporadic at all  sample
locations, with  the highest in surface waters of Sound stations (Figures  8a
and 8b) and  in surface and bottom waters in Little Sabine Bay (Figures 9a and
9b).   If B.O.D. values and D.O. concentrations for summer  are  compared
(Figures 6b  and  8b), it is  apparent  that on several  occasions high B.O.D.
values occurred  simultaneously with low D.O.   concentrations.  Although it  is
realized that  intake water to the Sabine Island wet lab does  not come  from
bottom depths  at station 2, the presence of these  conditions  are significant
because of the proximity of station 2 to the EPA facilities.   The phenomenon
described above  may account for problems experienced with  regard to animal
mortalities  at EPA's Sabine Island laboratory facilities.  This is especially
the case if  the  culture water is permitted to stand without aeration.  Pre-
cautionary measures should be taken during the summer months  to eliminate  or
reduce the possibility of D.O.  depletion in  intake waters  drawn to the wet
lab facilities.
     Concentrations of non-volatile greases and oils in the water column  were
below detectable limits at the four stations  sampled over most of the one-year
period (stations 3, 4, Q, and 6) (Figure 1 and Table 2).  Detectable concen-
trations of  these substances occurred  at all stations during  July and  were
most likely  related to increased recreational boat activity in  Little Sabine
Bay and the  Sound.   Bilgewater samples from pleasure craft  moored at the
marina in Little Sabine Bay had concentrations of non-volatile greases and
oils as high as   1.5 mg/1,  making this  a probable source of contamination
within the Bay and associated waterways during high boat use  periods.  Grease
and oil concentrations lower than those  associated with summer months  were

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observed in November  and may be attributed  to low tide  coinciding with  the
9:00 AM sampling  time (Table 1).
     Soxhlet extractions of sediments  obtained during spring and summer of
1979 from stations  3,  4, Q, and 6 (Figure 1) yielded  detectable concentrations
of non-volatile greases and oils on only one occasion from station Q  (Figure
1).  Either these substances do not  accumulate in the sediment in  large
amounts, or the spatial distribution of such accumulations  is  patchy.
     Water column nutrients  within Santa  Rosa Sound and Little Sabine  Bay
showed no definite  temporal trends.  Differences existed, however,  between
surface and bottom  water  samples in certain instances.   Concentrations of
nitrate-nitrogen  (Figures  10 and 11) ranged from undetectable  amounts to peaks
which were observed periodically at all stations.  This is  graphically  illus-
trated by data  from station  4  in Little Sabine Bay (Figure lla). Ammonia-
nitrogen concentrations in the water column also showed no clear trends with
time, but were  higher in bottom water samples than  in surface  water over most
of the study period (Figures 12 and 13).  This probably reflects higher  levels
of organic decomposition at the sediment-water interface.
     Orthophosphate concentrations were consistent  at all  stations as  repre-
sented by data  from station 2  (Figures 14a and 14b).  No  clear spatial dif-
ferences can be detected when  vertical  or horizontal  inter- or intra-station
comparisons are made.  The phenomenon  of low but consistent orthophosphate
concentrations  in the water column may be related  to  sediment-water phosphate
exchange mechanisms whose  presence has been suggested in  other local estuarine
waters (Moshiri and Crumpton,  1978).  Poly-phosphate  concentrations were com-
parable to those  of orthophosphate  (Figures 15a and 15b), and exhibited no
apparent differences  temporally or spatially.

Biological Factors
     Bacterial  cells  were  present consistently throughout  the  duration  of the
study, with larger  biomass in  surface waters during  warm  months (Figures  16a
and 16b).  It is  notable that  bottom waters of stations 2  and 6 (the  deepest
stations) did not exhibit  significant increases in bacterial biomass  during
the summer months.  The greater biomass of bacteria  in surface samples  during
warm weather corresponds well  with the higher biochemical  oxygen demand  during
the same period (Figures 8a, 9a, and 16a, 17a).  This phenomenon is correlated
with D.O. and B.O.D.  patterns  described and must be  considered in conjunction
with precautionary  measures stated in relationship to water drawn for  experi-
mental  purposes at  EPA's  Sabine Island laboratories.   Figures 17a  and 17b
suggest a larger  bacterial biomass in Little Sabine  Bay than in the Sound.
     There were seasonal trends in autotrophic uptake of C-14.   Warm months
and surface waters  showed  the  highest values for carbon  fixation as compared
with cool months  and  deep  waters (Figures 18a and 18b).   Little Sabine Bay had
higher rates of primary production in surface and bottom  waters when compared
to the Sound, particularly at  station 3- the shallowest  and  most  restricted
sampling site in  the  Bay (Figures 19a and 19b).  Due to  the  narrow entrance
from the Sound  to Little  Sabine Bay,  circulation within this small  system
would be expected  to be  minimal.  This phenomenon may be  the factor that
contributes to  the  higher  primary  productivity of  these Bay stations over
those of the Sound  waters.  Comparison of physical-chemical  aspects of Bay and
Sound waters presented earlier in this report also confirm this hypothesis.

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Phytoplankton
     Phytoplankton  genera were grouped into five categories  for  the  purpose of
detecting trends.   These are as follows:

     1.   Microflagellates (flagellated genera, but not those belonging  to
               the  Dinophyceae)
     2.   Two Nitzschia  species (Bacillariophyceae) less than l.Ofi  in dia-
               meter.   This group was established because of their high
               numbers  and because of their relatively high  surface  area-
               to-volume ratios.
     3.   Diatoms  (Bacillariophyceae) (other than those in group  2).
     4.   Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae).
     5.   Blue-green algae
     Diatoms were  in  greater diversity  than the other groups.   Forty-seven
genera were identified  (Table 3) and a classical  bimodal  pattern  of seasonal
abundance was observed, with population peaks in  spring and fall.   Spring  peak
numbers were comparable at  stations 2 and 4, but fall  peaks were  greater at
station 4, possibly  reflecting  residual  effects of  summer biotic  activities
and corresponding  well with higher carbon fixation  rates  at this  Little  Sabine
station (Figures  18a-19b).
     The most dominant spring genus was Cyclotella  (valve 4-9/j).   This genus
was found in almost  all samples observed.  Cyclotella species appeared to be
most heavily concentrated  in the bottom samples.  /T~fall peak comparable in
population numbers to those of  spring was noted at  station 4.  Ceratul ina was
the dominant genus of the  fall  plankton at this station.   Station  2 also had
fall population maxima but  numbers were significantly less than those of  sta-
tion 4.  The dominant genera of the station 2 fall  peak  were Leptocyl indrus
and the spring dominant, Cyclotella.
     Microflagellates were  the most important group in terms of standing crop,
with densities as  high as  43,000 cells/ml.  Seventeen identifiable genera and
five  unknown genera were encountered,  with Rhodomonas, Cryptomonas, and
Calycomonas in highest numbers.  High densities of  an unidentified chrysophyte
were observed in  the  spring of  both years.
     A microflagellate group with cells too small  for routine identification
(3X2fj) had the greatest overall abundance, with greater numbers  at station 4
than station 2.  The  general trend for the microflagellate group  was  one of
population maxima  in  spring, declining through the  summer, and  reaching  lowest
numbers in fall (Table 3).  A sharp  increase in  numbers comparable  to the
summer maximum also  occured in  winter.   This increase may be the result of
coincidental decreases  in  the number of diatoms during this period.
     Numbers in the  Nitzschia species group were more comparable  to the  micro-
flagellate group  than to other  diatoms.  This group was composed  of two  spe-
cies, N. paradoxa  and N. lineola.  Each of these species  was l.Ojj  or less in
diameter and 7-10/j in length.   Because  these organisms  were found in rela-
tively high numbers  most of the year, they may have been  of prime importance
to the productivity  of the waters monitored during  this  study.   The general
trend for the Nitzschia group was similar to that  of the microflagel lates.
High numbers occured  during spring, summer, and winter, and low  numbers  were
found in the fall.  Again,  the  low autumn numbers  of these species could be
attributed to the  fall bloom of larger  diatoms out-competing the Nitzschia
species.  As with  the microflagellate and other diatom groups, the Nitzschia

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group was more abundant  at  station 4 than at other stations,  possibly  reflec-
ted by the greater  carbon fixation activity at this site.
     Thirteen genera  of  dinoflagellates were identified  (Table 3).  The  genus
which occurred most frequently and had the highest densities  was Prorocentrum.
A spring population peak of this genus  occurred  at  station 4.   Three  other
population peaks  were also  observed in the fall, two at  station 2 and  one at
station 4.  A time  lag of approximately two weeks  was  noted between  each of
the population maxima.   The first bloom of Prorocentrum  was noted at  station
2, followed by one  at station 4, which in turn  was  followed by another at
station 2.
     Another bloom  of dinoflagellates was observed during  the  summer months of
1978.  This bloom occured at  station 4.  The dominant genus was Gymnodinium,
which occured in  numbers between 138-211 cells/ml.  This organism appeared to
be primarily a surface  inhabitant.   Numbers observed from bottom  samples
ranged from 0-9 cells/ml.   No such blooms were observed  from  samples taken at
station 2 during  this period.
     Blue-green algae tended  to be most numerous  during  the summer  months.
Three genera of blue-green  algae were identified:   Spirul ina, Coccochloris,
and Agmenellum.  Those unidentified were grouped  into  either filamentous or
coccoid categories.   Blue-green numbers were significantly higher at station 4
than at station 2.  Up to 40,000 cells/ml were observed  at this station.  Max-
ima at station 2  did  not exceed 7,000 cells/ml.
     In general,  phytoplankton numbers tended to  be  the greatest during the
spring and fall months.  Numbers for all groups except  the blue-greens  were
highest in the spring.  Microflagellates were least  numerous in the  fall.
However, this reduction  in  microflage!late cell numbers  was coincidental  with
increases in numbers  of  diatoms and dinoflagell ates.   Blooms of blue-greens
occurred primarily  during the summer  months when population numbers  of the
other groups were on  the decline.
     Of all stations  studied, the two stations  located  in Little Sabine Bay
(stations 3 and 4)  had the  greatest numbers of all groups  at  any point in  time
(Table 3).  These also showed the highest carbon  fixation activity  (Figures
18a-19a).  The species diversity (as determined by numbers of species)  at all
of the stations was,  however, approximately the same.  Eighty genera  were
identified from Little Sabine Bay and Santa Rosa Sound.


                                CONCLUSIONS

     It is evident  from  the results  of this  investigation that Santa  Rosa
Sound exhibits no serious degradation of water quality when compared  to  other
local estuarine systems  which have experienced at least some human influence.
A study of Escambia Bay  (see  Effects of Pollution on Water Quality,  Escambia
River and Bay, Florida,  1970), especially in  the regions north of  the L&N
railroad trestle, demonstrates higher nutrient concentrations than encountered
in the present study. This region of Escambia Bay has been well documented as
to the extent and effect of discharges  from domestic and industrial  sources.
The concentrations  of nutrients  in Santa Rosa  Sound are  more comparable to
those documented  for  Catfish  Basin,  a  bayou located on the eastern  side of
Blackwater Bay, Santa Rosa  County, Florida (Adams, 1970).   This bayou has  been
used by the principal investigator and  others (Adams, 1970) as an example  of a
relatively undisturbed estuarine system.

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     Although  the general water quality of Santa Rosa Sound seems  to be com-
parable to  more  pristine systems, problems may  be encountered during warm
months with respect to the use of its waters  in  bioassay studies and other
experiments conducted at the Environmental Research Laboratory at Gulf Breeze.
Precautions should be taken during these periods to avoid occurrences similar
to those involving animal mortalities at the Laboratory during the  summers of
1978 and 1979.
     Little Sabine Bay,  in  comparison  to Santa  Rosa Sound,  shows signs of
nutrification  as evidenced  by higher nutrient  concentrations, lower water
transparency,  increased  primary productivity and algal numbers, and other
signs of water quality degradation to which reference has been made previously
in this report.  Measures should be taken in the future to prevent  any further
input of pollutants into the Bay, as  circulation and flushing  capacities
appear to be minimal.
                                     8

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                                 SUPPLEMENT
     A monitoring  program of selected water quality parameters  in Santa Rosa
Sound was conducted  at the request of the Environmental Research Laboratory
during an outbreak of Gonyaulax monilata in August of 1979.   A  review of the
literature indicated that red tide occurrences  and resulting mortalities of
fish in the Gulf of  Mexico  had been documented extensively (Gunter, 1942;
Gunter, et. al., 1948; Connell and Cross, 1950;  Howell, 1953; Finucane, 1960;
Gates and Wilson,  1960; Finucane, et. al.,  1964; Williams  and Ingle, 1972;
Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock, 1978).   To date,  the primary cause for such
kills had been  attributed  directly to  the toxin released  by  certain dino-
flagellates.  Of these, the one most frequently studied  and cited has been
Gymnodinium breve, followed by Gonyaulax monilata  (Howell, 1953; Starr, 1958;
Gates and Wilson,  1960; Marvin and Proctor, 1965;  Ray and Aldrich, 1966).
     Our studies in  Pensacola Bay and  Santa Rosa Sound  during the past 10
years have included  observations of a number of dinofl agel 1 ate blooms with
accompanying fish  kills at certain instances (Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock,
1978).  Of these,  the one of particular interest and severity was the exten-
sive outbreak of Gonyaulax monilata in  Santa Rosa Sound,  and  the resulting
fish kills during  August, 1979.  Our data collected during  the  occurrence of
this event suggest additional factors,  which,  along with  the  "direct toxin
theory", must be considered at least as co-causative agents  in  such cases of
red tide fish mortalities.
                                  METHODS

     Water samples were  collected from  five locations  (the G stations  of
Figure 1) at 11:00  AM  and 11:00 PM daily on alternate  days  between August  15
and 27, 1979.  The  station G4 sample was obtained each  time from the  unfil-
tered Sound water trough within the wet lab facilities  of  the Environmental
Research Laboratory.   It is this water which is used for bioassay studies  and
culturing of experimental organisms.
     Measurements were taken of temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochem-
ical oxygen demand  (BOD), salinity, pH, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate,  or-
ganic carbon, bacterioplankton, and phytoplankton.  Field  parameters such  as
dissolved oxygen and  salinity were measured using appropriate meters.  Samples
for water chemistry were collected  in  acid-rinsed polyethylene bottles  and
transported to the  laboratory on ice.  Bacterioplankton  and  phytoplankton sam-
ples were fixed in  the field with 5% neutralized glutaraldehyde for examina-
tion using the settling chamber technique.  For bacteria,  both numbers  and
biomass estimations were made.  Other methodology details have been described
elsewhere (Moshiri, et. al.,  1974; Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock,  1978;
Moshiri, Crumpton,  and Aumen, 1979).

-------
                           RESULTS AND  DISCUSSION

     The highest counts of G. mom'Tata were  obtained from a  single sampling
east of station G5  (Figure TJ.  During this  one event, chains of cells repre-
senting densities as high as 1800 cells/ml  were  observed.   These very high
numbers were  accompanied by elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations of 16.0
mg/1 and by bacterial numbers and biomass  exceeding the highest  observed at
the regular sampling stations.
     Regular  sampling at the  designated  five  stations yielded  G_._ monilata
counts ranging from 5 cells/ml during the  lowest  concentrations  to over 500
cells/ml during peaks.  Highest and lowest numbers were reported from loca-
tions G2 and  G5 respectively (Figure 1).  Close  similarities  were observed
between these patterns and those of bacterial cell numbers  and biomass from
corresponding collection locations  (Figure 20).  High G. monilata and bacter-
ial cell concentrations were also accompanied by extremely high and fluctua-
ting BOD values and expected high dissolved  oxygen  concentrations, even  during
evening hours (Figure 21).  Low concentrations for  dissolved  organics (3.0 -
14.0 mg/1)  in the presence of large bacterial numbers and biomass were also
indicative  of the rapid utilization of this  energy  source by bacterioplankton.
There seemed  to be  no apparent relationships between inorganic  phosphorus,
nitrate nitrogen, and other parameters measured.  Although isolated fish  kills
occurred in Santa Rosa Sound throughout  the  duration of our  study, none were
observed at any of  the established  sampling  locations.  Most  references that
discuss fish  mortalities during red tide outbreaks  cite a single cause,  namely
the direct  toxicity of the metabolites  released  by the dinoflagel lates in-
volved (Gates and Wilson,  1960; Aldrich,  Ray,  and Wilson,  1967; Sievers,
1969).  Our studies, however, showed biochemical oxygen demands far in excess
of the 3.0  -  5.0 mg/1 we have found in the same waters even during periods of
accidental  inputs of large volumes  of domestic  wastewater  (Figure 21). In-
terestingly,  these  high BOD values  were  also accompanied by  relatively high
dissolved oxygen concentrations of 7.0 - 12.0 mg/1  (Figure 21).  Connell and
Cross (1950)  also cite very high BOD values  under similar circumstances but
report accompanying anoxic conditions.   High BOD values were also observed at
station G4  within the wet lab facilities.  If this  water is  allowed to stand
for any time  period, oxygen depletion could  rapidly occur resulting in mor-
talities of laboratory organisms.  Problems  of this  nature have been experi-
enced at this facility and point to the need for precautionary measures to
prevent further occurrences of this nature.
     Our data suggest that the high cell  concentrations of  G^ monilata and
correspondingly increased  photosynthetic activity were the causes of high
oxygen production and concentration even in  the presence of  high biochemical
oxygen demands  (Figure 21).  Since  no fish  kills were observed  or reported
from our sampling locations even during  the  peaks  of Gonyaulax densities, it
seems logical to conclude  that a single  factor,  such as direct metabolite
toxicity, may not be responsible for massive fish mortalities normally ob-
served during red tide occurrences.  We  suggest that, for such kills to  occur,
a combination of factors must take place simultaneously.   These include a
decline in  dinoflagellate cell numbers  following an  outbreak, followed by the
expected reduction  in photosynthetic activity,  increased bacterial numbers
                                     10

-------
and involvement,  and  consequential  increases  in BOD promoted  by the presence
of an abundance of particulate  and  dissolved  organic substrates.
                                     11

-------
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                                     15

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                                      16

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                                                             last  Bay
I s c a m b i a

    Bay
                                        Hie

                                     Sabine Bay
                                                                   0   1   2
                                                                   t-—i	1
                                                                   ki lometers
Figure  1.  Map of Santa Rosa Sound and vicinity  showing sampling sites.

-------
                                      ARRIVAL ON STATION
CO
                                     measurement  of  light
                                   penetration, pH,  salinity,
                               temperature,  and dissolved  oxygen
                                       Van  Dorn  Sample
V
placed in
ttle and
ice
1
4-
sub-sample placed
in BOD bottle and
put on ice
1
sub-sample pre-
served with 5%
glut ar aldehyde
1

opaque
BOD
bottle
]
clear
BOD
bottle

opaque
BOD
bottle
     returned to laboratory
    1
inorganic
 carbon
analysis
               sample filtered
                through 0.45u
                    filter
returned to
 laboratory

      I
initial D.O.
   read
returned to
 laboratory
                      I
 phytoplankton
identification
and enumeration
                               5-days
          filtrate placed in      I
        appropriate glassware     v
                   I          final D.O.
                  V             read
          NH3, NOo, PO4,  and
           Poly-PO^ analyses
          bacterial
         enumeration
                       bottle inoculated with
                        -^COg and suspended
                     from rafts at station 2
                                  bottles fixed with 5%
                                glutaraldehyde and returned
                                   to the laboratory
                                                                             I
                                                                             v
                                                                filtration and determina-
                                                                tion of sample activity
        Figure 2.  Flow chart depicting the regular sampling regimen conducted at each
                   station for each depth.

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                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZS
    SB
               3a
  a.
       ONDJFMAMJJASONDJ  FMAMJ
                           TIME Cm«>nth«s3
                        (Oct.l977-June  1979)
                             SANTA  ROSA  SOUND
                                STATION  ZS

               3b
       ONDJ  FMA   MJJA  SON  DJFMAM   J
                           TIME CmonthcJ
                        (Oct.l977-June 1979)

Figures  3a  and 3b.  Temperature  and  pH values  at station  2S  in
     Santa  Rosa Sound.
                                  19

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                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION 2S
    20
 "Si
               4a
    25
    20
 3  IS
       ONDJF   MAM  JJASONDJFMA  MJ
                          TIME Cmonth«5
                        (Oct.l977-June 1979)


                            SANTA RDSA SOUND
                               STATION ZB
               4b
       ONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJ
                          TIME 
-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND


                                STATION 2S
  Q
  o


  1
  o
  ia
  CO
 4




 3




 2




' 1




 0
               5a
       0  N  D  J  F
                   MAMJJA   SOND  JFMA   MJ

                        TIME Cmonthc5

                      (Oct.l977-June 1979)




                          SANTA ROSA SOUND


                             STATION -»S
    6






    5
 *•*
 co

 2
 u
 LU
 CO
 2




 1
            5b
       ONDJFMA   MJJASONDJF  MAMJ

                           TIME Cmonthc5

                         (Oct.1977-June 1979)


Figures  5a and 5b.   Secchi disk  readings at  stations 2S  and 4S

     in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                  21

-------
 a
18


16


!•*


12


10




6
                            SANTA  ROSA SOUND

                               STATION ZS
              6a
       ONDJFMAMJJA  SONDJF  MAMJ
                          TIME Cmonthc?
                       (Oct.l977-June  1979)
    18


    16
 s
    6
          6b
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION ZB
       ON   DJ   FMA  MJJ  ASO  N  DJFMA  M  J
                          TIME CmonthcD
                        (Oct.l977-June  1979)

Figures 6a  and 6b.  Dissolved  oxygen concentrations at stations
     2S and 2B in Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 22

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION -4S
    16
 e
    IB
    e
               7a
       ON  DJF  MAM  JJA  SONDJFMAMJ
                           TIME  Cmonth«5
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION -4B
    18


    16
 i
 
                        (Oct.l977-June 1979)

Figures  7a and 7t>.  Dissolved oxygen concentrations at stations
     4S  and 4B in Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 23

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION ZS
     ts
     12
 I
  •
 Q
 Q
 aa

 i
 UJ
               8a
     12
  CQ
       ONDJFMA  MJJAS   ON   DJF  MAMJ
                           TIME  CmonthsO
                        (Oct.l977-June 1979)


                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION 20

               8b
OND   JF   MAM  JJASONDJ
                   TIME Cmonth«5
                 (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                                                     F  M  A  M  J
Figures  8a  and 8b.  Biochemical oxygen  demand at stations 2S and
     2B  in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 24

-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND


                                STATION -*S
     IS
     12
  a
   •
  a
   •
  en


  i •
  UJ
               9a
     12
  Q
  O
  00


  I•
  Ul
        ON   DJFMA   M  JJA   SONDJFMA   MJ

                           TIME Cmenth«O


                         (Oct.l977-June  1979)




                             SANTA ROSA SOUND


                                STATION -W



               9b
        ONDJFMAMJJA  SONDJFMAMJ

                           TIME Ccnonthci

                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)


Figures 9a and 9b.  Biochemical  oxygen demand  at stations  4S and

     4B in Santa Rosa Sound.
                                  25

-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZS
B.

B.

a.

a.

a,
v  a

§  a

   a


   a

   B
5

45

4

3S

3

es

2 J

16

t

0G
                lOa
        ONDJF   MAM  JJA  SON   DJF   MAMJ
                           TIME  CmonthcJ
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                lOb
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZB
        0  N D   J
                    MAMJJASONDJ   FMA  MJ
                         TIME  CffionthisS
                      (Oct,1977-June 1979)
Figures lOa and  lOb.   NC>3-N  concentrations at stations 2S and  2B
      in Santa  Rosa Sound.
                                  26

-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATZON -4S
B.5

a. -45

B.-4

a. ss

B.3

a. ss

a.2

a.ts

a. i

B.E
            lla
        ONDJFMAMJJAS
                            TIME  Cmonth«r3
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                                         ONDJFMAMJ
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION -4S
B.S

B.-4S

B.-4

B.3S

B.S

a. 25

a.2

a. IE

8t. !

a. os
               lib
       ONDJFMAMJJAS  ONDJFMAMJ
                           TIME  Cmonth»0
                         (Oct.l977-June  1979)
Figures  lla and  lib.   NO3-N  concentrations at stations 4S and 4B
      in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                  27

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION 2S
    17S


    1EB


    1ZE


    tea


    75


    sa '


    2E
               12a
       ONDJ  FMAM  JJA  SOND   JFMAMJ
                          TIME  Cmcnth«3
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                            SANTA ROSA SOUNP

                               STATION 20
S
       ON   D  J  FMA  MJJ  A  'S  OND  JFMAMJ
                          TIME Cmonth«3
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)

Figures  12a and-j!2b.  NH3~N concentrations at stations 2S and 2B
     in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 28

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION -4S
   200


   17B


   tea


   JZE


   JQQ


   76


   sa


   es
            13a
       ON  DJ  FMA  MJJAS  OND  JF  MAMJ
                          TIME Cmonthci
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION -4B
zee


17E


I SB
   7G
   SO
               13b
                      (U71)
       OND  JFMAMJ  JASOND  JFMAMJ
                          TIME CmonlhcS
                        (Octi 1977-June 1979)

Figures  13a and 13b.   NHs-N concentrations at stations 4S and'4B
     in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 29

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION ZS
               14 a
       ONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJ
                          TIME Cmonth«=:>
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION Z0
               14b
       0 N   D  J  F M
AMJJASONDJ
  TIME Cmonth«?
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
F  M  A
Figures  14a and 14b.. P04-P concentrations at stations  2S and 2B
     in  Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 30

-------
                            SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION 2S
    E0

    AS

    40

    35
 <•>
 -Q
 g-  30
 £
 £
20

IS


10

E
           15a
 I
4S

40

35

30




£0




10
       ONDJFMA  M   JJA  SONDJ   F41A  MJ
                          TIME Cmonth«3
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)


                            SANTA ROSA SOUND
                                STATION 28

              .'l5b
       ONDJFMA  MJJAS   ON  DJFMAMJ
                           TIME  Cmonth«O
                        (Oct.l977-June  1979)

Figures  15a and 15b.   Poly-PO^ concentrations at  stations 2S  and
     2B  in  Santa Rosa  Sound.
                                 31

-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZS
    SB

  2
               16a
       0  N  D
MAM   J J  A  SO
     TIME Cn>onth«s3
   (Oct.l977-June  1979)
ND  JFMAMJ
                             SANTA ROSA SOUNP

                                STATION ZO •
    •4Q
  i:
  OJ
               16b
       0  N  D  J  F  M
   AMJJASOND  JFMAMJ
     TIME Cmontt-xc3
   (Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures  16a and 16b.   Bacterial  biomass at  stations  2S  and 2B  in
     Santa Rosa Sound.
                                  32

-------
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                               STATION *S
 05
               17a
       0  N  D
 MAMJJASONDJF
     TIME CmonthcS
   (Oct.l977-June 1979)
M  A  M J
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION 4B
 G.
 •<
    •4B
    SB
    ea
    ia
               17b
       0  N  D  J  F
M  A  M  J  J  A   S 0  N  D  J  F M
     TIME Cmonthe?
   (Oct.l977-June 1979)
  A  M  J
Figures  17a and 17b.   Bacterial biomass at stations 4S and  4B  in
     Santa Rosa Sound.
                                 33.

-------
I oar

90
 <•  aa
CO

 £  70
 3  60
 tu
 ^  SO
 a:

 I
30

ea

la
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZS
                18a
       0   N D  J  F  M
                     A   MJJ  ASONDJF  MA   MJ
                        TIME Cmonth-O
                     (Oct.l977-June 1979)
CO
IBBf

aa

sa

70
 £  60
 UJ
 ^  sa

 |
 o
 g
    90
    20
                             SANTA ROSA SOUND

                                STATION ZB
                18b
       -OND  J   F.MA  M  JJA  SON  D  JFMAM  J
                           TIME Cmonth«O
                         (Oct.l977-June 1979)

Figures 18a and  18b.  Autotrophic uptake  at stations 2S and  2B  in
      Santa Rosa  Sound.
                                  34

-------
   90
CO
*  «
•5  7a
J  30
 S 50
 5-
   20
    10
                           SANTA ROSA SOUND

                              STATION 3S
               19a
       ON  D  J
                  F  M  A  M  JJ  ASONDJFMA  MJ
                         TIME CmonthsO
                      (Oct.l977-0une 1979)
                           SANTA ROSA SOUND

                              STATION -4S
   SO

   80

 e  70
 D
 5  60

   E0
 tu
 1
 s
   3B
    10
               19b
       ON  D  JFMAM  JJ  A  SOND  JF
                         TIME Cmonthe5
                       (Oct.l977-0une 1979)
                                                     M A  M J
Figures 19a and  19b.  'Autotrophic  uptake at  stations 3S and 4S
     in Santa Rosa  Sound.
                                35

-------
     4-
=  3-
  CO



  CO
                                                                   r20
                                                                  •16
                                                                    12
                                                                       CP
                                                                       o>
                                                                   «
                                                                  •8
                                                                      CD
                                                                      otx
                          579

                               Time(days)
                                                              13
Figure  20.  Numbers of Gonyaulax monilata (solid  line) and bacterial  biomass

     (dashed line) at station  Gl in Santa Rosa Sound.
                                   36

-------
    12-
^10-


 xuo

 E
>« .^


 5  8^
 xxo
 >-%
 X
 
-------
Table 1.-   TIDE DATA FOR SAMPLING DATES.*
DATE
8

22

5

19

3

1.9

14

4

18

5

18

7
8
21
22
5
6
Oct.

Oct.

Nov.

Nov.

Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Feb.

Mar .

Mar.

Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
May
May
1977

1977

1977

1977

1977

1977

1978

1978

1978

1978

1978

1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
TIME
0644
1633
0644
1532
0345
1417
0231
1248
0147
1218
0633
1931
0106
1004
0631
2021
0634
2012
0558
2006
0446
1823
1944
1103
1835
1003
1936
1001
HEIGHT
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
1
-0
1
-0
1
-0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
.3
.7
.1
.7
.1
.5
.8
.5
.9
.2
.1
.9
.5
.1
.6
.3
.3
.0
.4
.2
.1
.0
.2
.0
.2
.0
.1
.2
DATE
20

9
10
23
24
7
8
21
22
4
o
18
19
22

18
19
1
2
15
16
7

19



May

June
June
June
June
July
July
July
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Sept

Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

1978

1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
.1978

1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978

1978

1979

TIME
0903
1917
2321
1252
2312
1259
2222
1208
2209
1218
2118
1134
2103
1148
0203
1323
2347
1039
2249
0925
2248
0939
0200
1215
0040
1133
0813
2148
HEIGHT
1
0
0
1
-0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
-0
0
0
1
-0
0
1
.2
.0
.0
.3
.1
.4
.1
.4
.1
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.4
.6
.2
.6
.0
.5
.1
.8
.2
.0
.1
.5
.1
*Source:  U.S. Dept. of Commerce  NOAA Tide Table for Pensacola,
FL.  Heights are reckoned from the datum of soundings on charts
of the locality which is mean low water.

                               38

-------
Table 1. (Continued)

2

15

1

16
17
DATE
Feb.

Feb.

Mar .

Mar .
Mar.

1979

1979

1979

1979
1979
TIME
0757
1637
0046
0920
0725
1336
2118
- 1301
HEIGHT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.6
.6
.1
.4
.5
.2
.8
DATE
28
- 29
25
26
17

13
14
Mar .
Mar.
Apr.
Apr .
May

June
June
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979

1979
1979
TIME
1924
1134
1927
1024
0031
1408
2321
. 1300
HEIGHT
0
0
0
1
-0
1
-0
1
.2
.9
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
                                39

-------
 Table 2.   RESULTS OF WATER COLUMN GREASE AND OIL ANALYSISfmg/1)
	IN SANTA ROSA SOUND AND LITTLE SABINE BAY.	
	STATION	

    DATE	3	4	Q	6	

    11 8/78           7.2         7.2        7.5         7.5

    7/22/78           3.2         0.8        1.0         0.6

 .   8/ 6/78            -*         1.3

    8/19/78            -          - '

    9/22/78            -

   10/19/78            -          -      .    -          -

   ll/ 2/78           0.6      .   1.3        1.0

   11/16/78           2.2         2.4        1.0         9.2

   12/ 7/78    '                   -          -          -

   12/19/78            -

    1/11/79            .          ...

    II 2/79            ....

    2/14/79            ...          .

    3/ 1/79            -

    3/17/79            -
                   •
    3/29/79            -          -

    4/26/79            ....

    5/17/79            -          -          -

    6/14/79            -         0.6
*(dash marks indicate results below detectable limits for
analysis)

                               40

-------
Table 3:  Phytoplankton Numbers at Station 25 in Santa Rosa Sound


MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 ju
5 x 3 ju
7 x 5 u
9 x 7 ju
12 x 9 ju
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas
4/8/78

9450
2011
704
201
201

603
402
4/22

16185
1407
503
100

3
704
3
5/20

13572
503
503



804

6/10

3820
2011
6



402
3
6/24

4423
402




3

7/8

6534
303
3
3


402
402
7/22

7740
402
3



1608
6
8/19

13994
402
3



3
402
9/22

6032
503
402



402
6
10/19

2111
603
6





Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina        304
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas             704    3016     905     603     905    2312    1005     1508     603
Ebria                                                             66                3
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas           503       3
Chrysophyte sp.(A)            16989    9148                       3                        3
Chrysophyte sp.(B)     5630
Blue-green                                             4423     804    5428      603
Anacystis                                                15
Coccochloris         .                                   603
Fila. blue-green                                                                           3       13

DIATOMS

Amphipora
Amphora                                   3                               933

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
                   11/2/78    11/16   12/7   12/19  1/11/79   3/29    4/26     5/17
2011
3
3



6
3317
603
3
3


3
1910
104
3
: 6
3
4
3
2714
1106
6

3


6333
2714
503


1810

4423
3
302


503

5831
1206
1206

3
603

MICROFLAGELLATES

3 x 2 ju               1106
5 x 3 ju
7 x 5 jj                  3
9 x 7 JLI
12 x 9 AI
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas               6
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon                                               43      27                3
Apedinella                                               3
Calycomonas                      3       6     304     302       6    2111      704
Ebria                                                           25       3
Eutreptia                                                6      19
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas                                      3             503
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A)       33                            3016
Blue-green coccoid                                                             1608
Coccochloris                                                     3       9

DIATOMS

Amphipora                                                        3
Amphora                                  36               639
Asterionella                                            44
Auricula
Bacteriastrum                                    3      16

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
                           4/8/78   4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24
                                                                7/8    7/22
                                         8/19    9/22    10/19
CO
Asterionella
Auricula
Bacteriastrum
Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
C yclotella
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia
Melosira
Navicula sp.
Nitzschia sp.(A)
Nitzschia sp.(B)
Nitzschia sp.(C)
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia
PI eurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaphoneis
                                                                                                13
                                      25
                             804   10759
3421
 13
  3
502
402
   3
  13
2517
  13
1851
  3

305
 13
 16
921
                                    4021
                                   11360
   6
   9
   3

  13
411
3

1307
10455



804
5529

6
9
3317
9148
10


2714
5328

6
6
1206
3921
6

6

402


-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S

Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
11/2/78






6
13
11/16

22
44




1105
12/7

13
37


3
6
1219
12/19

94

3

9
3
9
1/11/79

85
340
3

3

6
3/29

6
348


3

19
4/26


9
3

6
6
2515
5/17


26


6

2110
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia                                 9      16       6                        3
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrusi                1567                              69      99        3
Licmophora
Mastigloia                               33                                3
Melosira                                22       3       3       9       3       44
Navicula sp.                     9       3       3       3       9      13        9
Nitzschia sp.(A)                 3       3   .                 1508    1709      804
Nitzschia sp.(B)       703    1005       6     502           10556    6032     7640
Nitzschia sp.(C)               540     379     204     159      25      34       15
Opephora
Paralia                                  3       3
Pinnularia
PI eurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaponeis
Rhizosolenia                    47     138      31     493       6       6        6
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema                     31                      22              13

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
	,	_4/8/78   4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24    v 7/8    7/22     8/19    9/22    10/19

Rhizosolenia                                                              3
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema                                       3
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thalassionema                                                                              6      181
Thai assiosira                                                             36
Triceratium
Centric Diatom         3820                    1910
Achnanthes                                        3
SILICQFLAGELLATE

Dictyochia

DINOFLAGELLATES

Amphidinium
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis
                                                                                  19
                                 25

                                  3
31
13      13
 6
                                                                                   9      13
                                                                                          13
                                          50

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
     	11/2/78   11/16    12/7   12/19   1/11/79  3/29    4/26     5/17

     Stauroneis
     Stephanodiscus
     Striatella
     Surirella
     Synedra                                          3
     Thalassionema                           56      25      22               6       31
     Thalassiosira                    9                               3
     Triceratium

     SILICOFLAGELLATE

     Dictyochia               966

     DINOFLAGELLATES
-
en
     Amphidinium              ....                                                3
     Ceratium                 33                                       93
     Dinophysis
     Exuviaella
     Goniaulax                                                        3
     Gymnodinium                      6      35       3                                9
     Gyrodinium                                                                        3
     Katodinium
     Oxytoxum                                                                          3
     Peridinium                                       36               9
     Phalacroma
     Prorocentrum             6      34      25      16      47      28      29        3
     Pyrocystis

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
	4/8/78    4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24     7/8    7/22     8/19    9/22     10/19

MICROFLAGELLATES

3 x 2 /J                5630    9249    5630    3418    5630    6736    1005     3116    4725     1910
5 x 3 ju                1106    1206     402             201       3     201              402      503
7 x 5 ju                 905     201       3               3       3       3        3
9 x 7 ju                 201                               39
12 x 9 ju                201
Chroomonas                        3
Chryptomonas                   1810               6       3     502       3        3     904
Rhodomonas              503 .-.   402                               3                        3
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas              402
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas             201     603    1608     704       6    2010     402              502
Ebria                            25               6
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis             101                                                                3
Chlamydomonas           202
Chryosphyte sp.(A)             1506     402             402
Blue-green                                                      704    1709                9
Fila. Blue-green                                                  3

DIATOMS

Amphipora                                         3                       3
Amphora                   9      35      44      62      13       3      22       18       3
Asterionella                                                                               3
Auricula
Bacteriastrum

-------
    Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
                        11/2/78   11/16   i!2/7   12/19  1/11/79   3/29    4/26     5/17
    MICROFLAGELLATES

    3 x 2 JJ                   6    1206    1609    2513    3820    5529    3619     7540
    5 x 3 ju                         403     302    1005             804       3     1307
    7 x 5 ju                         302       3     302     503     603       9      402
    9 x 7 JU                                           3               336
    12 x 9 JJ                                          3                       6
    Chroomonas
    Cryptomonas                     402       3       6       6    1106     704      302
    Rhodomonas                        33                                        6
    Isochrysis
    Chrysochromulina
    Ochromonas
    Dinobryon                                                 6
4^   Apedinella
00   Calycomonas                     302             402       3     704    1910     1106
    Ebria                                                     3       6
    Eutreptia                                            .     9       3
    Euglena
    Heteromastix
    Pyramimonas                                       3             703       3
    Tetraselmis                                       3               6
    Chlamydomonas
    Chrysophyte sp.(A)        3       3                                       6      603
    Coccochloris                      6
    Fila. Blue-green                  3               3
    Blue-green coccoid                             1005                              302

    DIATOMS

    Amphipora
    Amphora                   6       6       3       6      12       6       9
    Asterionella                                     28      82       9       3
    Auricula

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
to

Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethroni
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
Diploneis
Dactyl iosol en
Epithemia
Eucampia
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyro sigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia
Melosira
Navicula
Nitzschia sp.(A)
Nitzschia sp.(B)
Nitzschia sp.(C)
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia
Pleurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaphoneis
Rhizosolenia
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema
4/8/78


6

6
3
304
3




3

3





9
3

19



3




22
4/22
3

3



10556











9

9
905
2413
6


6



13
3
3
5/20
3



44

7442
3

3



3




16

47


16
6
35

22
13
6



6/10 6/24




82

9412 3
6



3 3

3




6
41 47
66
3

25 3
3
19

19


3
3
19
7/8


3

3

3619





3






3
9
3
1810










7/22


3

35

1533


3








6
72
22
503
6
25


3
9


3


8/19


6

19

452




9

13



3
6
9
28
503
26
29

9

9
94

116
3
94
9/22

9


13
16
323









6


9
3
302

22







3
60
10/19




16
41
9















13773
6

3








-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
                  11/2/78    11/16   12/7     12/19  1/11/79    3/29     4/26      5/17
Bacteriastrum
Biddulphia
Ceratulina                              3     603       22        3                 3
Chaetoceros                    32      19      53       72       82                 9
Cocconeis                       3                       666
Corethron
Coscinodiscus                          31       13       13        9       21
Coscinosira             9      22       6       6                        6
Cyclotella             22     310     318     805       25       16              4926
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen                                                           3
Epithemia                                                       3
Eucampia                                36                                 3
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora                           96                                 3
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus                 38                              56       38        31
Licmophora
Mastigloia                              33                3       13
Melosira                               29       3        9       19       28        16
Navicula                33               9       16        6       28        19
Nitzschia sp.(A)       603               3                    302     603      1810
Nitzschia sp.(B)       302    1106                            5630     3116      6635
Nitzschia sp.(C)         3     503     138     599      130        6     113        34
Opephora
Paralia                         699                        6
Pinnularia                              3
PI eurosigma                             6               6            '9
Rhabdonema              6                                               6
Rhaponeis               6
Rhizosolenia            9       6     104      50       63               53        22
Rhopalodia       .       3

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
Stauroneis 6
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella 3 6
Synedra 3
Thalassionema 9 60
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Cymatosira 3 54 107
Centric Diatom 1508 6
Hemiaulus
Di tyl urn
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia 3 6
DINOFLAGELLATES
7/8 7/22


3

3
6 22

3
72

3




8/19



3

19


63

3
3

9

9/22 10/19





3 273









Amphidinium
Ceratium                         13
Dinophysis                                6                                                         9
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium                       6                       3                        33
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum                                                                                   6
Peridiniurn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum             41      25       3               3                        9      38      198
Pyrocystis

-------
      Table 3: Continued  -  Station  2B
'a,
 ro
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26
Skeletonema 25 63 25 3 110
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus 3
Striatella 3 6
Surirella
Syne'dra 3
Thalassionema 22 28 50 22 31
Thalassiosira 6
Triceratium 6
Cymatosira 25 3 19 3 9 13
Hemiaulus 3
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia 663 3
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidinium 3
Ceratium 14 3
Dinophysis 3
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium 3 13 13 6
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytosum
Peri dini urn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum 21 195 79 26 87 65 28
5/17






60








3


3
9
3


3

9

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
                         4/8/78
                               4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24
                                       7/8    7/22
                                         8/19
                                         9/22    10/19
en
co
MICROFLAGELLATES

3 x 2 ju
5 x 3 JLI
7 x 5 ju
9 x 7 ju
12 x 9 v
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomanas
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina  -
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas
Ebria
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetrase1 mis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A)
Spirulina
Blue-green
Anacystis
Agmenellum

DIATOMS

Amphipora
Amphora
Asterionella
Auricula
Bacteriastrum
14175
1608
3


1608
6
10355
1407
503

3
905

10656
503
3


905

5831
503
3
3

2513

11762
1005
704


704

11963
1508
402


2513
704
13270
603
6


1407
804
7439
804



302
6
8042
402
603


402
6
7640
905
503
3


402
 6
13
                               3
                               3
                               6
                              28
                                    1206
4021
1508
      8344
   3
 603

8646
         6
        44
   3
  51
 402
   3
4122
   3
   3
  19
          19
5228
   3
                                                                       3
                                                                       6
                                                                   10254
                                                                      22
                                                                       9
  18
2011
                                              1206
  19
1206
                    3
                    3

                    3
                    6
                 3519
                   42
   3
  28
1608
   9
                                                  804
           13

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
                            11/2/78   11/16     12/7    12/19   1/11/79    3/29      4/26     5/17
MICROFLAGELLATES

3x2ju                        4815    2412     1106     2614             2614     4725     5328
5 x 3 ju                         603     402        3      804             1106       704     1005
7 x 5 ju                                   313                     1206       905      703
9 x 7 JU               .                                    3                3       402        3
12 x 9 ju                                                                  333
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas                               3                4              905       402      503
Rhodomonas                        3               33              302         3
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon                                                19           .9         6        3
Apedinella
Calycomonas                               3              503              503     3317      905
Ebria                                                                     3
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A)                36                             2815      402
Blue-green                                                                                 3
Coccochloris                                                                             503

DIATOMS
Amphipora                                                6               6
Amphora                          16      13        3                      12       25      22
Asterionella                                                             4
Auricula
Bacteriastrum                                     3
Biddulphia

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S

Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
4/8/78 4/22





3

1810 10961
5/20 6/10 6/24



3

6

8445 4926 2614
7/8



3



5429
7/22


9


6

2841
8/19


13
3


6
813
9/22

6





5127
10/19



3


6
1023
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epitehmia
Eucampia
Fragilaria                        3                       6
Frustulia                         6
Grammatophora                     3                                       3
Gyros igma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia                9       6      31      13               6      13       31                9
Melosira                                  6                      13
Navicula                 33       9      34      37              41       3       44      16        9
Nitzschia sp.(A)        302    2513     905       6    6233     603    4122      704     804     1105
Nitzschia sp.{B)      16990   14376    4624    1608   16185    7640   10455     1307    5027     4624
Nitzschia sp.(C)        102      36      13                       69666
Opephora                                                                           3
Paralia
Pinnularia                        63               333                         3
Pleurosigma               6                       3
Rhabdonema                                        3
Rhaphoneis
Rhizosolenia                     16                                       96
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema                       3
Stauroneis

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S

Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
11/2/78




9
13
629
11/16
11259



9
6
524
12/7





9
515
12/19 1/11/79 3/29
38
374



9
314
4/26

6


6
16
3518
5/17
3
35
3

9

4222
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia                                 9    1005       3
Fragilaria                                               3
Frustulia
Grammatophora                    3                       3
Gyro sigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus                                   3       3              16       28       3
Licmophora                                                               3
Mastigloia                       3              13                       9        9      13
Melosira                        16                                               21      36
Navicula                        41       3       9                      13       13      13
Nitzschia sp.(A)                       301                             603      905     303
Nitzschia sp.(B)                       704                            4323     7942   10556
Nitzschia sp.(C)                25     634     706     233              16       15      19
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia                               6                               6
Pleurosigma                                    .  9                                3
Rhabdonema
Rhaponeis
Rhizosolenia                            16    2237      20                        3
Rhopalodia                                       3                                3
Skeletonema                                     22                               13
Stauroneis

-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella 9
Synedra 19 9 33
Thalassionema 16 28 9
Thalassiosira 6
Triceratium
Centric Diatom 1215
Fila. Blue-green 22
Coccochloris 503
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
01 DINOFLAGELLATES
7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19



3
31 19 69 418
16 6 3


3 13 3 9
60

363

Amphidinium
Ceratium                  6      16                                       6                          6
Dinophysis                                                                                          3
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium              13              40      47        9      211      138        38       41         9
Gyrodinium                                3
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium                                3
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum         .   266      73       3      32        6        9                 6        3        79
Pyrocystis                                                                                 3
Pyrophacus

-------
     Table 3: Continued  -  Station 4S
CD
oo
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/17 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thai ass ionema
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Hemaaulus
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidim'um
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviae! la
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis


9
22 19 22 53


25 19
966
3 19
3
6 3
9 13 9 9 6 13
3
333

170 21 13 22 16 34 19


-------
      Table 3: Continued - Station 48
     	4/8/78    4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24     7/8    7/22     8/19    9/22    10/19

     MICROFLAGELLATES

     3 x 2 ju              8042   15582   22619    4725   19201   12566   10254     4926    8545     4725
     5 x 3 JU              1508    1005     603     402     905    1910     704      503    1005      804
     7 x 5 /j                 6     302               3       3    1005       3      402     402        6
     9 x 7 ju                 3                             301                                         3
     12 x 9 ju                                                        3
     .Chroomonas
     Cryptomonas           302    2111   34180    2010            2111    2915     1508     302
     Rhodomonas              3                                    1005                3       6      905
     Isochrysis
     Chrysochromulina                        .        3               3
     Ochromonas
     Dinobryon
en    Apedinella
"°    Calycomonas          1005    1307    1809    1709            2915    2412     1106    2815
     Ebria                          35       3                                                6
     Eutreptia
     Euglena                                                                          3
     Heteromastix
     Pyramimonas                             6       6             503     302        3
     Tetraselmis                             3       3
     Chlamydomonas                                                   3
     Chrysophyte sp.(A)      3    6836    1608       6                                63
     Spiralina                       63                                3
     Fila. Blue-green                                6                       996
     Agmenellum                                                      3
     Coccochloris                                                            6                6

     DIATOMS

     Amphipora              12                       3      37      28
     Amphora                37      38      31       38                       6       16      16        6
     Asterionella

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
cr>
o
11/2/78
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 /j 4222
5 x 3 /j 503
7 x 5 ju 6
9 x 7 ju 402
12 x 9 ju
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas 704
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas
Ebria
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 3
Coccochloris
Fila. Blue-green 15
Blue-green Coccoid
Agmenellum
DIATOMS
11/16 12/7

2413 2111
6 302
9
3 3


704 302
905 503





402







3

3

3

12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26

2011 4122 6434
3 204 9
302 503
6
3

1005 402




9

503 704 2212

3


3


3 3619





5/17

7640
1106
1307

6

3
3





804





3

302

3



     Amphipora                                                                25       22
     Amphora                  6      28       4       6               19
     Asterionella                                                      3
     Auricula

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
     	4/8/78    4/22    5/20    6/10    6/24     7/8    7/22     8/19    9/22    10/19

     Auricula                                   6                       33
     Bacteriastrum              3
     Biddulphia
     Ceratulina                                                                                  9
     Chaetoceros                       13                                       3
     Cocconeis      .6                                       3
     Corethron
     Coscinodiscus              93               66      25      19        639
     Coscinosira                                                                3                3       34
     Cyclotella              1809   13370            5630    1005    6132    2516     2315    4835      423
     Dip!oneis
     Dactyliosolen
     Epithemia
     Eucampia
en    Fragilaria                 6                       6
1-1    Frustulia                  3
     Grammatophora                      3               3      13                                33
     Gyrosigma
     Hantszchia                                                         3
     Leptocyindrus
     Licmophora
     Mastigloia
     Melosira
     Navicula
     Nitzschia sp.(A)
     Nitzschia sp.(B)
     Nitzschia sp.(C)
     Opephora
     Paralia                                                                             3
     Pinnularia                 9               3              13       9
     Pleurosigma               12       3               3
     Rhabdonema                                19             119
     Rhaphoneis
     Rhizosolenia               21      31                                                        53
16
19

6
4624
18
31

41
2714
22820
25


22
1910
26942
6
13
22
31
905
4122
147
18
28
31
1608
6233

13
38
13


19
16
19
9
1709
2111
13
31
13
6
704
1307
9


13
804
5529




804
2011


-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
     	,	11/2/78   11/16   12/7   12/19  1/11/79   3/29     4/26     5/17

     Bacteriastrum                                    3
     Biddulphia
     Ceratulina                   11058             223                                3
     Chaetoceros                      3     160     283             446                 9
     Cocconeis                                                                         3
     Corethron
     Coscinodiscus            33                              16        3
     Coscinosira             35      25      35                              13
     Cyclotella             820    1121    1118     405              18     4728     4633
     Dipi oneis
     Dactyliosolen
     Epithemia                                                                3
     Eucampia                         6     804       6
     Fraiglaria
cr>    Frustulia
     Grammatophora            3               3
     Gyrosigma
     Hantszchia
     Leptocylindrus                   93                       3       38
     Licmophora
     Mastigloia                       9      28       3                      12       13
     Melosira                                 6      13              25       47       19
     Navicula                66       9       3       6                      19       16
     Nitzschia sp.(A)         6     402       3                       3       18      905
     Nitzschia sp.(B)      1709     704                            4222     7238     7741
     Nitzschia sp.(C)        47     730    1366     454               6       24       12
     Opephora
     Paralia
     Pinnularia               3                                       33
     PI eurosigma                                                                       3
     Rhabdonema               3
     Rhaponeis
     Rhizosolenia                    19    1457      66                      37        3
     Rhopalodia

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station  4B
CT>
00

Rhopalodia
Skeletonema
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thalassionema
Thalassiosira
Trice ratium
Centric Diatom
PI a zio gramma
Blue-green
Cymatosira
Anacystis
SILICOFLAGELLATE
4/8/79 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 7/8 7/22
3 6
3
6 26
3
6
6 93
6 41 22 16 25
25 28 96

1715
3
38905
28

8/19 9/22 10/19




3 16 407
16


302 503
3

     Dictyochia

     DINOFLAGELLATES

     Amphidinium
     Ceratium
     Dinophysis
     Exuviaella
     Goniaulax
     Gymnodinium
     Gyrodinium
     Katodinium
     Oxytoxum
     Peridiniurn
     Phalacroma
     Prorocentrum
                                                               22
16     16
13
63
9
3
19


57
40
                                                                6
                                                                3
16
34     44
28
                         25

-------
     Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
en

Skeletonema
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thai ass ionema
11/2/78 11/16 12/7
3
19 25 41
12/19 1/11/79 3/29
6 13
3
4/26
22
3
5/17
56
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Hemiaulus
Guindardia

SILICQFLAGELLATE

Dictyochia

DINOFLAGELLATES

Amphidinium
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peri dim'urn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis
                             22
                              3

                             44
38



 3

41
                                             28
13



13

31
54
66
                                                                                       6
                                                                                       3
19

-------
     Appendix I.  Data from red-tide study conducted 8/15-8/27/79.  (AM samples collected at 11:00 AM;
          PM samples collected at 11:00 PM)	

     Station 1:  From Sound waters near Ft. Pickens entrance gate.	
                     Sample day and time
                     1     1     3     3     5     5     7     7     9     9     11    11    13    13
     Parameter       AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM
     Temperature(°C) -     28.5  30.5  28.6  30.0  29.2  29.0  29.7  29.1  29.0  28.2  28.0  27.5  27.8

     Salinity (ppt)  - .    16.0  16.0  14.8  15.3  14.0  15.1  18.0  15.5  15.7  19.2  -     14.9  14.0

     D.O. (ppm)       -     9.2   12.1  9.8   8.8   8.2   10.2  7.4   10.3  8.2   8.0   8.2   8.5   10.5

S    pll              -     8.8   8.5   8.3   8.5   8.3   8.6   8.4   7.9   8.4   8.3   8.1   8.3   8.6

     B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)-     29.8  44.5  18.7  4.5   9.3   7.5   12.7  16.5  14.7  14.9  15.4  9.0   42.8

     Organic C (ppm) -     6.7   4.5   2.7   4.3   4.5   5.6   5.5   4.2   4.8   5.2   5.1   10.1  3.9

     N03-N (ppm)      -     .008  .011  .008  0.0   .001  .003  .003  .041  0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0

     P04-P (ppb)      -     0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   2.8   0.0   2.8   4.2   2.0   1.3   9.2   5.3

     Bacterial biomass
     (mg/mlXlO'4)     -     14.7  17.6  7.2   8.6   10.3  11.2  8.6   8.2   7.2   4.7   5.1   11.4  6.5

     Gonyaulax monilata
     (eel Is/ml)       ~    384   42    48    109   26    7     19    30    58    1     7     14    240

-------
     Appendix I.   (continued)
cr>
en
     Station 2:   Gulf Breeze boat ramp at 3-mile  bridge.
                     Sample day and time
                     1     1     3     3     5     5     7      7     9     9     11    11    13    13
     Parameter       AM.    PM    AM    PM    ATI    PM    AM    PM    AM    PH    AM    PM    AM    PM
Temperature(°C) 30.1  30.2  29.9  29.2  29.0  29.0  29.3  29.8  29.0  29.5  28.3  28.8  28.0  28.0

Salinity (ppt)  13.2  12.3  14.0  10.8  12.8  16.8  12.3  14.0  12.2  13.5  14.8  17.0  14.8  14.2

D.O. (ppm)      10.6  10.5  9.4   9.0   10.0  8.2   8.2   7.9   8.3   8.5   7.2   6.6   6.5   8.6

pH              7.5   8.9   8.2   7.7   7.7   8.3   7.5   8.1   7.3   8.3   8.3   7.9   8.0   8.3

B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 9.5   35.7  14.5  16.9  31.3  6.7   11.7  12.3  24.7  11.0  19.0  20.5  13.0  31.8

Organic C (ppm) 5.8   6.5   4.7   3.4   5.4   4.5   5.5   4.8   4.6   10.8  6.5   14.1  6.8   8.0

N03-N (ppm)     .008  .014  .014  .011  0.0   .020  -     .070  .026  0.0   0.0   .005  0.0   0.0

P04-P (ppb)     0.0   0.0   0.0 '  0.0   0.0   0.0   5.5   0.0   16.7  1.2   2.0   6.2   4.8   1.2

Bacterial biomass
(rag/ml X ID'4)  16.4  15.0  12.4  15.8  9.8   7.3   8.9   6.6   7.3   8.4   8.1   7.8   9.8   8.7

Gonyaulax monilata
IceTlsTinT)15    490   89    40    27    7     26    44    237   24    8     1     8     26

-------
     Appendix I.  (continued)
     Station 3:   EPA intake dock.
                     Sample time and day
                     1     1     3     3     5     5     7     7     9     9     11     11     13     13
     Parameter       AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM     PM     AM     PM
     Temperature(°C) 29.1  30.0  30.0  29.9  29.4  29.8  30.0  29.9   29.0   29,.8  28.8   27.5   28.0   28.3

     Salinity (ppt)  -18.1-  13.7  17.0  -17.1  -17.5 --1-9.5  14.5  17,8   1-7.6   17.0  18.7   25.0   18.0   15.9

     D.O. (ppm)      9.8   12.0  11.6  7.0   8.1   7.8  10.4   7.2    8.0    8.p   7.3    8.2    6.8    9.4

5    pll              8.0   8.5   8.2   8.1   8.2   8.1   8.1   8.3    7.8    8.2   8.4    8.0    8.3    8.6

     B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 12.7  28.7  26.2  10.6  21.3  8.0   10.3  14.2   17.7   11.8  16.5   14.9   10.7   15.6

     Organic C (ppm) 4.3   5.6   3.5   5.8   7.7   6.9   4.6   4.2    6.3    8.3   7.5    6.6    8.9    4.8

     N03-N (ppm)     .090  .020  .011  .011  .003  .014  -     .031   0.0    0.0   0.0    .010   0.0    0.0

     P04-P (ppb)     0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   2.3   0.0    3.0    2.3   20.0   10.7   4.0    0.3

     Bacterial biomass
     (mg/ml X 10'4)  10.0  16.2  7.0   5.3   9.6   9.7   7.4   7.4    4.5    7.6   4.2    6.1    8.7    6.6

     Gonyaulax monilata
     (eel Is/in!)69"    306   157   94    34    40    58    21     72     23    27     1      20     15

-------
Appendix I.  (continued)
Station 4:  Unfiltered intake water from EPA wet lab.
                Sample day and time
                1     1     3     3     5     5     7     7     9     9     11    11    13    13
Parameter       AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM    AM    PM
Temperature(°C) 29.0  29.7  29.1  29.3  29.0  29.8  29.0  29.5  29.3  29.4  29.5  28.8  28.3  28.4

Salinity (ppt)  21.2-21.0  24.0  18.0  25.0  26.1  19.5  22.3  22.5  21.9  20.9  22.5  18.9  17.5

D.O. (ppm)      5.5   7.2   5.0   7.5   5.0   5.2   5.6   4.7.  4.7   4.3   5.6   8.0   5.9   8.6

pll              7.9   8.4   7.5   8.1   7.9   8.1   8.0   8.1   7.4   8.2   8.3   8.2   8.1   8.5

B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 13.8  25.8  28.1  24.3  34.1  16.7  13.9  17.1  11.9  15.5  19.4  17.7  13.0  14.3

Organic C  (ppm) 7.1   6.6   5.9   4.5   6.1   6.1   4.6   6.1   4.9   6.8   5.4   5.4   6.9   9.1

N03-N (ppm)     0.0   .020  .011  .008  .003  .006  -     .014  0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0

P04-P (ppb)     5.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   2.5   3.0   2.0   3.5   5.3   1.2

Bacterial biomass
(mg/ml X lO"4)  4.1   11.4  4.5   5.7   4.9   6.7   5.5   3.5   4.6   3.5   5.4   5.3   8.1   5.2

Gonyaulax monilata
Tcells7mT)13    214   109   27    38    92    60    404   27.   382   71    4     14    8

-------
     Appendix I.   (continued)
     Station 5:   From Sound behind last  convenience  store  on beach road heading  toward Navarre.	
                     Sample day and time
                     1     1     3    3     55     7     7      9      9      11    11     13     13
     Parameter       AM    PM    AM   PM    AM   PM   AM    PM    AM     PM    AM    PM     AM     PM
     Temperature(°C)  29.8   28.4   31.0   28.2   30.3   28.3   30.3   29.0   29.8   28.7   29.0   26.8   27.9   28.0

     Salinity (ppt)   14.1   16.2   17.5   18.7   15.3   16.0   17.0   17.4   18.3   17.1   18.0   -      17.8   17.7

     D.O.  (ppm)       9.9   8.3    12.2   7.8   9.0    7.4    9.6    6.4    9.0    7.1    8.7    9.0    7.5    8.0

S    pH              8.6   8.6    8.1    8.0   8.5    8.3    8.4    8.4    8.0    8.2    8.4    8.1    8.0    8.5

     B.O.D.(mg/l/5d)  11.6   14.9   22.5   19.7   34.7   10.7   10*9   10.9   11.1   13.5   14.1   18.2   11.3   14.9

     Organic C (ppm)  3.3   6.0    3.0    4.1   4.3    7.0    7.7    6.7    5.2    9.9    8.1    4.2    12.5   3.6

     N03-N (ppm)      .011   .033   0.0    .008   .017   .011   -      .031   0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0

     P04-P (ppb)      0.0   0.0    0.0    0.0   0.0  .  0.0    0.0    0.0    2.8    2.5    2.0    3.7    3.3    0.3

     Bacterial biomass
     (mg/ml  X ID'4)   14.0   20.0   10.4   7.5   9.8    10.9   13.1   7.6    10.3   7.2    13.4   8.7    7.9    7.0

     Gonyaulax monilata
     IcelT?/mT)	47    7      2      2      148    0      8      16     0      16     1      21     2      0

-------
Appendix Ha.  Diel study  (12/14-12/15/78)
; ]

Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
N03-N (ppm)


Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
Mi3-N (ppb)
NOvN (ppm)


Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NO^-N (ppm)
Station 2S
Time
1500 2100 0300
12.0 11.2 10.7
5.8 7.2 10. S
12.8 13.3 12.6
7.6 7.9
1.2 0.7 3.1
0.0 7.4 2.3
4.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0

0900
10.8
12.1
11.8
7.8
11.0
8.1
0.8
1.3
0.0
Station 2B
Time
1500 2100 0300
11.2 11.2 11.3
25.1 31.2 24.0
9.6 8.8 9.0
8.0 8.1
6.8 0.7 0.7
6.7 0.0 1.9
2.2 5.5 0.0
0.0 • 15.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0

0900
11.3
28.0
8.5
7.8
10.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Station 4B
Time
1500 2100 0300.
9.2 11.3 9.2
16.2 16.2 15.8
13.0 12.2 12.3
8.0 8.1
9.2 3.4 4.1
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0

0900
9.2
17.8
11.8
7.8
9.7
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Station
2M


Time
1500
11.0
8.9
13.2
7.9
5.6
0.1
1.8
36.2
0.0
Station
2100
9.7
18.5
12.4
8.0
0.0
7.5
4.2
0.0
0.0
4S
0300
9.8
16.0
12.3
-
3.1
3.9
0.3
0.0
0.0

0900
10.1
16.8
11.7
7.7
11.0
9.4
2.3
0.0
0.0

Time
1500
14.0
11.5
12.6
8.0
4.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100
12.2
10.4
11.8
7.8
2.0
0.0
0.0
46.7
0.0
0300
11.7
11.0-
11.6
-
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0900
12.2
12.7
10.8
7.7
8.3
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0



                                      70

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Appendix lib.  Diel study  (6/13-6/14/79)


Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NOvN (PPm)


Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
pH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NO^-N (ppm)


Parameter
Tempera ture(°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
pH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NOvN (ppm)
Station 2S
Time
1500 2100 0300
26.3 25.7 25.2
22.7 25,3 22.0
8.4 8.0 6.8
8.5 8.5
0.9 1.1 3.9
0.0 0.0 9.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
92.9 52.9 2.4
0.0 0.0 0.0

0900
26.0
20.8
7.4
8.4
0.3
2.6
0.0
163.5
.012
Station 2B
Time
1500 2100 0300
25.3 25.3 24.8
27.8 24.6 24.3
5.8 5.5 . 4.6
8.4 8.4 8.4
6.3 7.1 3.3
4.1 4.4 11.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
87.1 43.5 35.3
0.0 0.0 0.0

0900
26.1
25.8
4.8
8.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
85.9
.035
Station 4B
Time
1500 2100 0300
25.1 24.7 24.3
23.9 21.7 20.5
7.9 7.5 7.8
8.5 8.5 8.5
5.1 1.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 7.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
60.0 15.3 81.2
0.0 0.0 0.0

0900
25.5
21.9
6.4
8.4
2.0
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
Station

1500
26.0
23.2
8.1
-
0.0
1.9
0.0
25.9
0.0
2M

2100
25.7
26.1
7.8
8.5
2.0
1.5
0.0
23.5
0.0

Time
0300
25.2
22.2
6.8
8.5
0.0
3.7
0.0
56.5
0.0


0900
26.0
22.7
7.0
8.4
0.0
22.2
0,0
63.5
.025
Station 4S

1500
26.0
23.5
8.2
8.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
169.4
0.0

2100
25.2
21.0
8.3
8.3
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Time
0300
24.3
20.3
7.8
7.8
3.6
7.4
0.0
108.2
0.0

0900
24.9
20.6
7.6
7.6
1.7
0.0
0.0
52.9
.160



                                      71

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