United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Research
Laboratory
Gulf Breeze FL 32561
August 1980
Research and Development
Water
in Santa Rosa
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WATER QUALITY STUDIES IN "
SANTA ROSA SOUND, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA
Gerald A. Moshiri
Nicholas G. Aumen
Walter G. Swann, III
Department of Biology
The University of West Florida
Pensacola, Florida 32504
Grant #R-803566
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Research Laboratory,
Gulf Breeze, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does men-
tion of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recom-
mendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
Water samples were collected from six stations in Santa Rosa Sound and
Little Sabine Bay, Florida, every two weeks between October, 1977, and June,
1979. The samples, taken at the surface, mid-depth, and bottom of each sta-
tion, were analyzed for temperature, salinity, pH, transparency, inorganic
carbon, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, orthophosphate,
poly-phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, and non-volatile grease and oil; bacteria
were enumerated; phytoplankton were identified and enumerated; and the water
column primary productivity was measured.
Although there were seasonal changes, there were few intra or inter sta-
tion differences on each sampling day. However, Little Sabine Bay exhibited
lower water transparency, higher BOD, higher rates of primary production,
higher concentrations of non-volatile grease and oil, and larger numbers of
bacteria and phytoplankton than Santa Rosa Sound.
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CONTENTS
Abstract iii
Acknowledgment v
Introduction 1
Methods 2
Results and Discussion 3
Conclusions 7
Supplement 9
References 12
Figures ' 17
Tables 38
Appendices 65
IV
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by grant number R-805366 from the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency. Supplementary funds were also from the Santa Rosa Is-
land Authority. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and en-
couragement provided by the Project Officer, Dr. Gerald Walsh. Appreciation
is also extended to Mr. Douglas Flythe for computer programming assistance,
and to all the undergraduate and graduate students who assisted throughout the
duration of the project.
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INTRODUCTION
The various aspects of eutrophication in natural waters have been under
extensive study during recent years (Shapiro and Ribeiro, 1965; McCarty and
Harris, 1967; Putnam, 1967; Reimold and Daiber, 1967; Thomann and Marks, 1967;
Ballinger, 1968; Welch, 1968, 1969; Bellamy et.al., 1969; Edmondson, 1969;
Hutchinson, 1969; Porges, 1969; Pritchard, 1969; also reviews by Patrick,
1968; and Sinha, 1970). Of particular interest have been the roles of nutri-
ents in growth of algal populations and consequent acceleration of natural eu-
trophication due to input of nutrients in natural waters. Recently, more and
more such nutrification occurrences have been traced to activities of man (see
reviews by Gerloff, 1969; Provasoli, 1969; Hannah, Simmons and Moshiri, 1973;
Moshiri, Aumen and Crumpton, 1980).
In spite of progress in the field of algal nutrition (see Martin, 1968;
Lackey, 1967; Bernhard and Zattera, 1969; also reviews by Provasoli, 1958;
Lewis and Guillard, 1963; Fogg, 1965), reliable techniques still need to be
developed for the quantitative estimation of nutrient supplies to aquatic
plants. The first step in the development and application of such techniques
involves determination of the concentration of certain nutrients in the system
and the relative availability of these substances for algal growth. Because of
their availability in sewerage effluents and natural runoffs, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, and phosphorus have been shown to be three of the most important
components because of their stimulating effect on algal growth. Inflow of such
nutrients results in increased production of algae and changes in their
community species composition. This may result in blooms of undesirable
species, usually blue-greens and armoured dinoflagellates. Algal components
of such systems are usually unpalatable to herbivores, yielding accumulation
of algal masses which can result in the death of fish and shellfish (Ryther,
1954; Ragotzkie and Pomeroy, 1957). Therefore, information on nutrient
sources and availability are of paramount importance in predicting occurrences
and periodicities of algal blooms, as well as in the control of nuisance
growths of algal populations. In addition, since pollution wastes are usually
a major source of nutrient input in natural waters, results of assay work aid
in the development of techniques for the alleviation of pollution problems.
(Sylvester and Anderson, 1960, 1964; Gerloff, 1969; Hannah, Simmons and
Moshiri, 1973).
In the past four years, reports of fish and shellfish kills, as well as
other signs of serious water quality degradation, have caused much concern and
speculation in northwestern Florida's extensive estuaries. Santa Rosa Sound,
in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida, has shown signs of degradation.
This body of water extends westward from Choctawhatchee Bay to Pensacola Bay
and opens to the Gulf of Mexico at Fort Pickens. Due to its long narrow make-
up, variable depth, remote connection with the Gulf and the presence of ob-
structions (bridges, etc.), Santa Rosa Sound may not be expected to possess
sufficient circulation and flushing to aid in dissipation of pollutants and
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waste waters entering it directly or indirectly from a number of industrial
and municipal sources (see pp. 15-75 j[n The Proceedings of Conference on Pol-
lution of the Interstate Waters of the Escambia River Basin, Vol. 1, 1970).
This phenomenon may contribute to factors which have caused short-term poor
water quality, and will cause eventual eutrophication of this body of water.
Therefore, an all-out effort must be mounted to prevent further degradation of:
this valuable estuary and steps toward its recovery implemented if algal
blooms and fish kills of great proportions, similar to those which have oc-
curred, are to be avoided.
The present investigation was directed at monitoring water quality para-
meters in Santa Rosa Sound and was designed to give detailed information con-
cerning its present water quality status. Although a number of studies have
been conducted on Escambia and East Bays, little information was previously
available on the water quality of Santa Rosa Sound.
METHODS
All sample collection was accompanied by measurement of physical-chemical
parameters at each of six collection sites including Little Sabine Bay and
Quietwater Beach (station Q) (Figure 1). Such parameters included salinity,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, BOD, inorganic carbon, and light penetra-
tion. All measurements and water column samples were taken bi-weekly from the
six stations indicated in Figure 1 at the depths of 0.5m and 2.0m beneath the
surface, and 0.5m above the bottom. In this report, surface and bottom sam-
ples are referred to as S and B, respectively, and are preceeded by the sta-
tion number. Water column samples for analyses were obtained with a Van Dorn
sampler, placed on ice and returned to the laboratory for analyses as outlined
in Figure 2. At the time of sampling, meteorological and tide conditions were
recorded. All analyses were conducted in laboratory facilities at the Univer-
sity of West Florida in Pensacola, Florida.
Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ using a
YSI portable dissolved oxygen meter and salinometer. A Sargent-Welch field pH
meter was utilized for pH determinations. Light penetration was measured with
a Secchi disk. Inorganic carbon analyses were conducted in the laboratory on
a Beckman total carbon analyzer. Water samples for algal analyses were pre-
served with 5% buffered glutaraldehyde and cell numbers and types were deter-
mined to genus or, when possible, species, using a Wild M-40 inverted micro-
scope and the settling chamber technique.
Bacterial biomass is an important indicator of the condition of an aqua-
tic system (Rheinheimer, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1972; Sorokin and Kadota, 1972).
Therefore, sterile sampling techniques and laboratory procedures described by
Rodina (1972) were used to investigate this indicator in the Sound and Little
Sabine Bay. By observing the difference in bacterial biomass that may exist
at the various stations under different nutrient and organic loadings, it was
possible to relate this parameter to water quality status in the study area.
Water samples were also analyzed for the concentration of ammonia, em-
ploying nesslerization and spectrophotometric analysis according to the method
of Solorzano (1969); and for nitrate using the technique described by Kahn and
Brezenski (1967). For phosphate determinations, the analysis relied primarily
on methods described by Strickland and Parsons (1968). Orthophosphate concen-
trations were determined by reactions with an acidified molybdate solution to
form a phosphomolybdate heteropoly acid, the concentrations of whose reduced
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form (phosphomolybdenum blue) were determined spectrophotometrical ly. Poly-
phosphate concentrations were analyzed by methods described in the EPA Manual
of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (1976). Grease and oil
concentrations in the water column of stations 3, 4, 6, and Q, and in bilge-
water samples from boats moored at the marina near station 4 (Figure 1), were
determined according to the methods presented in Standard Methods for the Ex-
amination of Water and Wastewater (1975). Soxhlet extractions (Standard Meth-
ods, 1975) were also performed to determine grease and oil concentrations in
the sediments of stations 3, 4, Q, and 6.
The productivity of algal cells was determined in conjunction with the
above mentioned tasks. The complex of productivity studies was conducted once
every two weeks using the C-14 technique as modified by Goldman and Armstrong
(1969), and Goldman, Moshiri, and de Amezaga (1972). Determinations were made
from water samples taken from surface, mid-water, and bottom at the six sta-
tions (Figure 1) and incubated in BOD bottles suspended at the depths from
which the samples were taken. At the end of a 4-hour incubation period, they
were preserved with 5% buffered glutaraldehyde and returned to the laboratory
for filtration through 0.45p membrane filters. Activities of the samples were
then determined using a Beckman LS-133 liquid scintillation counter.
Two consecutive die! studies were conducted at each of the six stations
once each season during the first year, and twice during the second year at
stations 2 and 4 to determine diel trends in phytoplankton and water column
nutrients. These studies also included the measurement of water quality para-
meters already described. Primary productivity measurements were made twice
during each of these seasonal studies.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Due to the voluminous data collected, only representative examples of
results are given as figures in the text. As sampling began in October 1977,
the first hatch mark on the horizontal axis of the figures represents October.
Stations 1, 2, 5, and 6 in the Sound, and stations 3 and 4 in Little Sabine
Bay, were similar with respect to major trends in the various parameters.
Mid-depth samples did not differ significantly from surface water samples.
For this reason, surface and bottom data from stations 2 and 4 are presented
as examples in this report when pertinent.
In August of 1979, a study was conducted at the request of the Sabine Is-
land Laboratory to monitor water quality indices during an outbreak of
Gonyaulax monilata in Santa Rosa Sound. The data from this study is presented
in Appendix I and is discussed in the supplement at the end of this report.
The two diel studies conducted during the second year of the project yielded
data which varied little from those collected during the regular sampling reg-
imen, and are included in Appendix II.
Physical-Chemical Factors
Water column temperature in Santa Rosa Sound followed temporal patterns
ranging from a low of 6°C to a high of 32°C. Temperature values from station
2S are given in Figure 3a and are representative of all sample sites. Consis-
tent pH values were demonstrated year-round at all collection sites regardless
of depth, and are exemplified by data shown in Figure 3B.
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Salinities in the Sound and in Little Sabine Bay varied widely both tem-
porally and spatially. Figures 4a and 4b give salinity values at station 2,
the deepest of all stations. There, surface salinity varied temporally, with
lowest values occurring during spring, when rainfall is usually greatest. Also
notable is the fact that bottom waters, particularly at the deeper sampling
locations (stations 2 and 6), showed consistently higher salinities with less
influence from meteorological phenomena and more influence from tidal condi-
tions (compare Figures 4a and 4b with Table 1).
Secchi disk readings indicated generally lower water transparency during
summer at all locations, as shown by data from station 2 (Figure 5a). Of
special note is the apparent lower water transparency over most of the year in
the more shallow and morphometrically restricted Little Sabine Bay when com-
pared to the Sound waters (Figure 5b).
Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) followed temporal patterns with higher and lower
concentrations associated with cooler and warmer months respectively (Figure
6a). Bottom water from the deeper sites (stations 2 and 6) periodically had
extremely low D.O. concentrations, especially during summer. This is of par-
ticular importance with respect to station 2 (Figure 6b) near the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's (EPA) Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory on
Sabine Island. Water for bioassay studies at the laboratory is drawn from
this region in the Sound, and could cause serious problems in culture work,
especially during coincident periods of high biochemical oxygen demand. This
may have been the case in several instances when culture problems were en-
countered and will be discussed later in this report. Dissolved oxygen con-
centrations in Little Sabine Bay did not differ significantly from those in
the Sound and also exhibited periods of depletion in bottom water during warm
weather (Figures 7a and 7b).
Values for biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) were sporadic at all sample
locations, with the highest in surface waters of Sound stations (Figures 8a
and 8b) and in surface and bottom waters in Little Sabine Bay (Figures 9a and
9b). If B.O.D. values and D.O. concentrations for summer are compared
(Figures 6b and 8b), it is apparent that on several occasions high B.O.D.
values occurred simultaneously with low D.O. concentrations. Although it is
realized that intake water to the Sabine Island wet lab does not come from
bottom depths at station 2, the presence of these conditions are significant
because of the proximity of station 2 to the EPA facilities. The phenomenon
described above may account for problems experienced with regard to animal
mortalities at EPA's Sabine Island laboratory facilities. This is especially
the case if the culture water is permitted to stand without aeration. Pre-
cautionary measures should be taken during the summer months to eliminate or
reduce the possibility of D.O. depletion in intake waters drawn to the wet
lab facilities.
Concentrations of non-volatile greases and oils in the water column were
below detectable limits at the four stations sampled over most of the one-year
period (stations 3, 4, Q, and 6) (Figure 1 and Table 2). Detectable concen-
trations of these substances occurred at all stations during July and were
most likely related to increased recreational boat activity in Little Sabine
Bay and the Sound. Bilgewater samples from pleasure craft moored at the
marina in Little Sabine Bay had concentrations of non-volatile greases and
oils as high as 1.5 mg/1, making this a probable source of contamination
within the Bay and associated waterways during high boat use periods. Grease
and oil concentrations lower than those associated with summer months were
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observed in November and may be attributed to low tide coinciding with the
9:00 AM sampling time (Table 1).
Soxhlet extractions of sediments obtained during spring and summer of
1979 from stations 3, 4, Q, and 6 (Figure 1) yielded detectable concentrations
of non-volatile greases and oils on only one occasion from station Q (Figure
1). Either these substances do not accumulate in the sediment in large
amounts, or the spatial distribution of such accumulations is patchy.
Water column nutrients within Santa Rosa Sound and Little Sabine Bay
showed no definite temporal trends. Differences existed, however, between
surface and bottom water samples in certain instances. Concentrations of
nitrate-nitrogen (Figures 10 and 11) ranged from undetectable amounts to peaks
which were observed periodically at all stations. This is graphically illus-
trated by data from station 4 in Little Sabine Bay (Figure lla). Ammonia-
nitrogen concentrations in the water column also showed no clear trends with
time, but were higher in bottom water samples than in surface water over most
of the study period (Figures 12 and 13). This probably reflects higher levels
of organic decomposition at the sediment-water interface.
Orthophosphate concentrations were consistent at all stations as repre-
sented by data from station 2 (Figures 14a and 14b). No clear spatial dif-
ferences can be detected when vertical or horizontal inter- or intra-station
comparisons are made. The phenomenon of low but consistent orthophosphate
concentrations in the water column may be related to sediment-water phosphate
exchange mechanisms whose presence has been suggested in other local estuarine
waters (Moshiri and Crumpton, 1978). Poly-phosphate concentrations were com-
parable to those of orthophosphate (Figures 15a and 15b), and exhibited no
apparent differences temporally or spatially.
Biological Factors
Bacterial cells were present consistently throughout the duration of the
study, with larger biomass in surface waters during warm months (Figures 16a
and 16b). It is notable that bottom waters of stations 2 and 6 (the deepest
stations) did not exhibit significant increases in bacterial biomass during
the summer months. The greater biomass of bacteria in surface samples during
warm weather corresponds well with the higher biochemical oxygen demand during
the same period (Figures 8a, 9a, and 16a, 17a). This phenomenon is correlated
with D.O. and B.O.D. patterns described and must be considered in conjunction
with precautionary measures stated in relationship to water drawn for experi-
mental purposes at EPA's Sabine Island laboratories. Figures 17a and 17b
suggest a larger bacterial biomass in Little Sabine Bay than in the Sound.
There were seasonal trends in autotrophic uptake of C-14. Warm months
and surface waters showed the highest values for carbon fixation as compared
with cool months and deep waters (Figures 18a and 18b). Little Sabine Bay had
higher rates of primary production in surface and bottom waters when compared
to the Sound, particularly at station 3- the shallowest and most restricted
sampling site in the Bay (Figures 19a and 19b). Due to the narrow entrance
from the Sound to Little Sabine Bay, circulation within this small system
would be expected to be minimal. This phenomenon may be the factor that
contributes to the higher primary productivity of these Bay stations over
those of the Sound waters. Comparison of physical-chemical aspects of Bay and
Sound waters presented earlier in this report also confirm this hypothesis.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton genera were grouped into five categories for the purpose of
detecting trends. These are as follows:
1. Microflagellates (flagellated genera, but not those belonging to
the Dinophyceae)
2. Two Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) less than l.Ofi in dia-
meter. This group was established because of their high
numbers and because of their relatively high surface area-
to-volume ratios.
3. Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) (other than those in group 2).
4. Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae).
5. Blue-green algae
Diatoms were in greater diversity than the other groups. Forty-seven
genera were identified (Table 3) and a classical bimodal pattern of seasonal
abundance was observed, with population peaks in spring and fall. Spring peak
numbers were comparable at stations 2 and 4, but fall peaks were greater at
station 4, possibly reflecting residual effects of summer biotic activities
and corresponding well with higher carbon fixation rates at this Little Sabine
station (Figures 18a-19b).
The most dominant spring genus was Cyclotella (valve 4-9/j). This genus
was found in almost all samples observed. Cyclotella species appeared to be
most heavily concentrated in the bottom samples. /T~fall peak comparable in
population numbers to those of spring was noted at station 4. Ceratul ina was
the dominant genus of the fall plankton at this station. Station 2 also had
fall population maxima but numbers were significantly less than those of sta-
tion 4. The dominant genera of the station 2 fall peak were Leptocyl indrus
and the spring dominant, Cyclotella.
Microflagellates were the most important group in terms of standing crop,
with densities as high as 43,000 cells/ml. Seventeen identifiable genera and
five unknown genera were encountered, with Rhodomonas, Cryptomonas, and
Calycomonas in highest numbers. High densities of an unidentified chrysophyte
were observed in the spring of both years.
A microflagellate group with cells too small for routine identification
(3X2fj) had the greatest overall abundance, with greater numbers at station 4
than station 2. The general trend for the microflagellate group was one of
population maxima in spring, declining through the summer, and reaching lowest
numbers in fall (Table 3). A sharp increase in numbers comparable to the
summer maximum also occured in winter. This increase may be the result of
coincidental decreases in the number of diatoms during this period.
Numbers in the Nitzschia species group were more comparable to the micro-
flagellate group than to other diatoms. This group was composed of two spe-
cies, N. paradoxa and N. lineola. Each of these species was l.Ojj or less in
diameter and 7-10/j in length. Because these organisms were found in rela-
tively high numbers most of the year, they may have been of prime importance
to the productivity of the waters monitored during this study. The general
trend for the Nitzschia group was similar to that of the microflagel lates.
High numbers occured during spring, summer, and winter, and low numbers were
found in the fall. Again, the low autumn numbers of these species could be
attributed to the fall bloom of larger diatoms out-competing the Nitzschia
species. As with the microflagellate and other diatom groups, the Nitzschia
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group was more abundant at station 4 than at other stations, possibly reflec-
ted by the greater carbon fixation activity at this site.
Thirteen genera of dinoflagellates were identified (Table 3). The genus
which occurred most frequently and had the highest densities was Prorocentrum.
A spring population peak of this genus occurred at station 4. Three other
population peaks were also observed in the fall, two at station 2 and one at
station 4. A time lag of approximately two weeks was noted between each of
the population maxima. The first bloom of Prorocentrum was noted at station
2, followed by one at station 4, which in turn was followed by another at
station 2.
Another bloom of dinoflagellates was observed during the summer months of
1978. This bloom occured at station 4. The dominant genus was Gymnodinium,
which occured in numbers between 138-211 cells/ml. This organism appeared to
be primarily a surface inhabitant. Numbers observed from bottom samples
ranged from 0-9 cells/ml. No such blooms were observed from samples taken at
station 2 during this period.
Blue-green algae tended to be most numerous during the summer months.
Three genera of blue-green algae were identified: Spirul ina, Coccochloris,
and Agmenellum. Those unidentified were grouped into either filamentous or
coccoid categories. Blue-green numbers were significantly higher at station 4
than at station 2. Up to 40,000 cells/ml were observed at this station. Max-
ima at station 2 did not exceed 7,000 cells/ml.
In general, phytoplankton numbers tended to be the greatest during the
spring and fall months. Numbers for all groups except the blue-greens were
highest in the spring. Microflagellates were least numerous in the fall.
However, this reduction in microflage!late cell numbers was coincidental with
increases in numbers of diatoms and dinoflagell ates. Blooms of blue-greens
occurred primarily during the summer months when population numbers of the
other groups were on the decline.
Of all stations studied, the two stations located in Little Sabine Bay
(stations 3 and 4) had the greatest numbers of all groups at any point in time
(Table 3). These also showed the highest carbon fixation activity (Figures
18a-19a). The species diversity (as determined by numbers of species) at all
of the stations was, however, approximately the same. Eighty genera were
identified from Little Sabine Bay and Santa Rosa Sound.
CONCLUSIONS
It is evident from the results of this investigation that Santa Rosa
Sound exhibits no serious degradation of water quality when compared to other
local estuarine systems which have experienced at least some human influence.
A study of Escambia Bay (see Effects of Pollution on Water Quality, Escambia
River and Bay, Florida, 1970), especially in the regions north of the L&N
railroad trestle, demonstrates higher nutrient concentrations than encountered
in the present study. This region of Escambia Bay has been well documented as
to the extent and effect of discharges from domestic and industrial sources.
The concentrations of nutrients in Santa Rosa Sound are more comparable to
those documented for Catfish Basin, a bayou located on the eastern side of
Blackwater Bay, Santa Rosa County, Florida (Adams, 1970). This bayou has been
used by the principal investigator and others (Adams, 1970) as an example of a
relatively undisturbed estuarine system.
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Although the general water quality of Santa Rosa Sound seems to be com-
parable to more pristine systems, problems may be encountered during warm
months with respect to the use of its waters in bioassay studies and other
experiments conducted at the Environmental Research Laboratory at Gulf Breeze.
Precautions should be taken during these periods to avoid occurrences similar
to those involving animal mortalities at the Laboratory during the summers of
1978 and 1979.
Little Sabine Bay, in comparison to Santa Rosa Sound, shows signs of
nutrification as evidenced by higher nutrient concentrations, lower water
transparency, increased primary productivity and algal numbers, and other
signs of water quality degradation to which reference has been made previously
in this report. Measures should be taken in the future to prevent any further
input of pollutants into the Bay, as circulation and flushing capacities
appear to be minimal.
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SUPPLEMENT
A monitoring program of selected water quality parameters in Santa Rosa
Sound was conducted at the request of the Environmental Research Laboratory
during an outbreak of Gonyaulax monilata in August of 1979. A review of the
literature indicated that red tide occurrences and resulting mortalities of
fish in the Gulf of Mexico had been documented extensively (Gunter, 1942;
Gunter, et. al., 1948; Connell and Cross, 1950; Howell, 1953; Finucane, 1960;
Gates and Wilson, 1960; Finucane, et. al., 1964; Williams and Ingle, 1972;
Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock, 1978). To date, the primary cause for such
kills had been attributed directly to the toxin released by certain dino-
flagellates. Of these, the one most frequently studied and cited has been
Gymnodinium breve, followed by Gonyaulax monilata (Howell, 1953; Starr, 1958;
Gates and Wilson, 1960; Marvin and Proctor, 1965; Ray and Aldrich, 1966).
Our studies in Pensacola Bay and Santa Rosa Sound during the past 10
years have included observations of a number of dinofl agel 1 ate blooms with
accompanying fish kills at certain instances (Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock,
1978). Of these, the one of particular interest and severity was the exten-
sive outbreak of Gonyaulax monilata in Santa Rosa Sound, and the resulting
fish kills during August, 1979. Our data collected during the occurrence of
this event suggest additional factors, which, along with the "direct toxin
theory", must be considered at least as co-causative agents in such cases of
red tide fish mortalities.
METHODS
Water samples were collected from five locations (the G stations of
Figure 1) at 11:00 AM and 11:00 PM daily on alternate days between August 15
and 27, 1979. The station G4 sample was obtained each time from the unfil-
tered Sound water trough within the wet lab facilities of the Environmental
Research Laboratory. It is this water which is used for bioassay studies and
culturing of experimental organisms.
Measurements were taken of temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochem-
ical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, pH, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate, or-
ganic carbon, bacterioplankton, and phytoplankton. Field parameters such as
dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured using appropriate meters. Samples
for water chemistry were collected in acid-rinsed polyethylene bottles and
transported to the laboratory on ice. Bacterioplankton and phytoplankton sam-
ples were fixed in the field with 5% neutralized glutaraldehyde for examina-
tion using the settling chamber technique. For bacteria, both numbers and
biomass estimations were made. Other methodology details have been described
elsewhere (Moshiri, et. al., 1974; Moshiri, Crumpton, and Blaylock, 1978;
Moshiri, Crumpton, and Aumen, 1979).
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The highest counts of G. mom'Tata were obtained from a single sampling
east of station G5 (Figure TJ. During this one event, chains of cells repre-
senting densities as high as 1800 cells/ml were observed. These very high
numbers were accompanied by elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations of 16.0
mg/1 and by bacterial numbers and biomass exceeding the highest observed at
the regular sampling stations.
Regular sampling at the designated five stations yielded G_._ monilata
counts ranging from 5 cells/ml during the lowest concentrations to over 500
cells/ml during peaks. Highest and lowest numbers were reported from loca-
tions G2 and G5 respectively (Figure 1). Close similarities were observed
between these patterns and those of bacterial cell numbers and biomass from
corresponding collection locations (Figure 20). High G. monilata and bacter-
ial cell concentrations were also accompanied by extremely high and fluctua-
ting BOD values and expected high dissolved oxygen concentrations, even during
evening hours (Figure 21). Low concentrations for dissolved organics (3.0 -
14.0 mg/1) in the presence of large bacterial numbers and biomass were also
indicative of the rapid utilization of this energy source by bacterioplankton.
There seemed to be no apparent relationships between inorganic phosphorus,
nitrate nitrogen, and other parameters measured. Although isolated fish kills
occurred in Santa Rosa Sound throughout the duration of our study, none were
observed at any of the established sampling locations. Most references that
discuss fish mortalities during red tide outbreaks cite a single cause, namely
the direct toxicity of the metabolites released by the dinoflagel lates in-
volved (Gates and Wilson, 1960; Aldrich, Ray, and Wilson, 1967; Sievers,
1969). Our studies, however, showed biochemical oxygen demands far in excess
of the 3.0 - 5.0 mg/1 we have found in the same waters even during periods of
accidental inputs of large volumes of domestic wastewater (Figure 21). In-
terestingly, these high BOD values were also accompanied by relatively high
dissolved oxygen concentrations of 7.0 - 12.0 mg/1 (Figure 21). Connell and
Cross (1950) also cite very high BOD values under similar circumstances but
report accompanying anoxic conditions. High BOD values were also observed at
station G4 within the wet lab facilities. If this water is allowed to stand
for any time period, oxygen depletion could rapidly occur resulting in mor-
talities of laboratory organisms. Problems of this nature have been experi-
enced at this facility and point to the need for precautionary measures to
prevent further occurrences of this nature.
Our data suggest that the high cell concentrations of G^ monilata and
correspondingly increased photosynthetic activity were the causes of high
oxygen production and concentration even in the presence of high biochemical
oxygen demands (Figure 21). Since no fish kills were observed or reported
from our sampling locations even during the peaks of Gonyaulax densities, it
seems logical to conclude that a single factor, such as direct metabolite
toxicity, may not be responsible for massive fish mortalities normally ob-
served during red tide occurrences. We suggest that, for such kills to occur,
a combination of factors must take place simultaneously. These include a
decline in dinoflagellate cell numbers following an outbreak, followed by the
expected reduction in photosynthetic activity, increased bacterial numbers
10
-------
and involvement, and consequential increases in BOD promoted by the presence
of an abundance of particulate and dissolved organic substrates.
11
-------
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•CK.
"Connell, C.H. and J.B. Cross. 1950. Mass mortality of fish associated with
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12
-------
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"-1
'• Gunter, G., R.H. Williams, C.C. Davis, and F.G. Smith. 1948. Catastrophic
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13
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^
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-------
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/•
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15
-------
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4-r
Williams, J. and R.M. Ingle. 1972. Ecological notes on Gonyaulax monilata
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16
-------
last Bay
I s c a m b i a
Bay
Hie
Sabine Bay
0 1 2
t-—i 1
ki lometers
Figure 1. Map of Santa Rosa Sound and vicinity showing sampling sites.
-------
ARRIVAL ON STATION
CO
measurement of light
penetration, pH, salinity,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen
Van Dorn Sample
V
placed in
ttle and
ice
1
4-
sub-sample placed
in BOD bottle and
put on ice
1
sub-sample pre-
served with 5%
glut ar aldehyde
1
opaque
BOD
bottle
]
clear
BOD
bottle
opaque
BOD
bottle
returned to laboratory
1
inorganic
carbon
analysis
sample filtered
through 0.45u
filter
returned to
laboratory
I
initial D.O.
read
returned to
laboratory
I
phytoplankton
identification
and enumeration
5-days
filtrate placed in I
appropriate glassware v
I final D.O.
V read
NH3, NOo, PO4, and
Poly-PO^ analyses
bacterial
enumeration
bottle inoculated with
-^COg and suspended
from rafts at station 2
bottles fixed with 5%
glutaraldehyde and returned
to the laboratory
I
v
filtration and determina-
tion of sample activity
Figure 2. Flow chart depicting the regular sampling regimen conducted at each
station for each depth.
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
SB
3a
a.
ONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJ
TIME Cm«>nth«s3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
3b
ONDJ FMA MJJA SON DJFMAM J
TIME CmonthcJ
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 3a and 3b. Temperature and pH values at station 2S in
Santa Rosa Sound.
19
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 2S
20
"Si
4a
25
20
3 IS
ONDJF MAM JJASONDJFMA MJ
TIME Cmonth«5
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA RDSA SOUND
STATION ZB
4b
ONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJ
TIME
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 2S
Q
o
1
o
ia
CO
4
3
2
' 1
0
5a
0 N D J F
MAMJJA SOND JFMA MJ
TIME Cmonthc5
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -»S
6
5
*•*
co
2
u
LU
CO
2
1
5b
ONDJFMA MJJASONDJF MAMJ
TIME Cmonthc5
(Oct.1977-June 1979)
Figures 5a and 5b. Secchi disk readings at stations 2S and 4S
in Santa Rosa Sound.
21
-------
a
18
16
!•*
12
10
6
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
6a
ONDJFMAMJJA SONDJF MAMJ
TIME Cmonthc?
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
18
16
s
6
6b
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZB
ON DJ FMA MJJ ASO N DJFMA M J
TIME CmonthcD
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 6a and 6b. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at stations
2S and 2B in Santa Rosa Sound.
22
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4S
16
e
IB
e
7a
ON DJF MAM JJA SONDJFMAMJ
TIME Cmonth«5
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4B
18
16
i
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
ts
12
I
•
Q
Q
aa
i
UJ
8a
12
CQ
ONDJFMA MJJAS ON DJF MAMJ
TIME CmonthsO
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 20
8b
OND JF MAM JJASONDJ
TIME Cmonth«5
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
F M A M J
Figures 8a and 8b. Biochemical oxygen demand at stations 2S and
2B in Santa Rosa Sound.
24
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -*S
IS
12
a
•
a
•
en
i •
UJ
9a
12
Q
O
00
I•
Ul
ON DJFMA M JJA SONDJFMA MJ
TIME Cmenth«O
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -W
9b
ONDJFMAMJJA SONDJFMAMJ
TIME Ccnonthci
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 9a and 9b. Biochemical oxygen demand at stations 4S and
4B in Santa Rosa Sound.
25
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
B.
B.
a.
a.
a,
v a
§ a
a
a
B
5
45
4
3S
3
es
2 J
16
t
0G
lOa
ONDJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAMJ
TIME CmonthcJ
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
lOb
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZB
0 N D J
MAMJJASONDJ FMA MJ
TIME CffionthisS
(Oct,1977-June 1979)
Figures lOa and lOb. NC>3-N concentrations at stations 2S and 2B
in Santa Rosa Sound.
26
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATZON -4S
B.5
a. -45
B.-4
a. ss
B.3
a. ss
a.2
a.ts
a. i
B.E
lla
ONDJFMAMJJAS
TIME Cmonth«r3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
ONDJFMAMJ
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4S
B.S
B.-4S
B.-4
B.3S
B.S
a. 25
a.2
a. IE
8t. !
a. os
lib
ONDJFMAMJJAS ONDJFMAMJ
TIME Cmonth»0
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures lla and lib. NO3-N concentrations at stations 4S and 4B
in Santa Rosa Sound.
27
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 2S
17S
1EB
1ZE
tea
75
sa '
2E
12a
ONDJ FMAM JJA SOND JFMAMJ
TIME Cmcnth«3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUNP
STATION 20
S
ON D J FMA MJJ A 'S OND JFMAMJ
TIME Cmonth«3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 12a and-j!2b. NH3~N concentrations at stations 2S and 2B
in Santa Rosa Sound.
28
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4S
200
17B
tea
JZE
JQQ
76
sa
es
13a
ON DJ FMA MJJAS OND JF MAMJ
TIME Cmonthci
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4B
zee
17E
I SB
7G
SO
13b
(U71)
OND JFMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJ
TIME CmonlhcS
(Octi 1977-June 1979)
Figures 13a and 13b. NHs-N concentrations at stations 4S and'4B
in Santa Rosa Sound.
29
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
14 a
ONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJ
TIME Cmonth«=:>
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION Z0
14b
0 N D J F M
AMJJASONDJ
TIME Cmonth«?
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
F M A
Figures 14a and 14b.. P04-P concentrations at stations 2S and 2B
in Santa Rosa Sound.
30
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 2S
E0
AS
40
35
<•>
-Q
g- 30
£
£
20
IS
10
E
15a
I
4S
40
35
30
£0
10
ONDJFMA M JJA SONDJ F41A MJ
TIME Cmonth«3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 28
.'l5b
ONDJFMA MJJAS ON DJFMAMJ
TIME Cmonth«O
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 15a and 15b. Poly-PO^ concentrations at stations 2S and
2B in Santa Rosa Sound.
31
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
SB
2
16a
0 N D
MAM J J A SO
TIME Cn>onth«s3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
ND JFMAMJ
SANTA ROSA SOUNP
STATION ZO •
•4Q
i:
OJ
16b
0 N D J F M
AMJJASOND JFMAMJ
TIME Cmontt-xc3
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 16a and 16b. Bacterial biomass at stations 2S and 2B in
Santa Rosa Sound.
32
-------
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION *S
05
17a
0 N D
MAMJJASONDJF
TIME CmonthcS
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
M A M J
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 4B
G.
•<
•4B
SB
ea
ia
17b
0 N D J F
M A M J J A S 0 N D J F M
TIME Cmonthe?
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
A M J
Figures 17a and 17b. Bacterial biomass at stations 4S and 4B in
Santa Rosa Sound.
33.
-------
I oar
90
<• aa
CO
£ 70
3 60
tu
^ SO
a:
I
30
ea
la
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZS
18a
0 N D J F M
A MJJ ASONDJF MA MJ
TIME Cmonth-O
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
CO
IBBf
aa
sa
70
£ 60
UJ
^ sa
|
o
g
90
20
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION ZB
18b
-OND J F.MA M JJA SON D JFMAM J
TIME Cmonth«O
(Oct.l977-June 1979)
Figures 18a and 18b. Autotrophic uptake at stations 2S and 2B in
Santa Rosa Sound.
34
-------
90
CO
* «
•5 7a
J 30
S 50
5-
20
10
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION 3S
19a
ON D J
F M A M JJ ASONDJFMA MJ
TIME CmonthsO
(Oct.l977-0une 1979)
SANTA ROSA SOUND
STATION -4S
SO
80
e 70
D
5 60
E0
tu
1
s
3B
10
19b
ON D JFMAM JJ A SOND JF
TIME Cmonthe5
(Oct.l977-0une 1979)
M A M J
Figures 19a and 19b. 'Autotrophic uptake at stations 3S and 4S
in Santa Rosa Sound.
35
-------
4-
= 3-
CO
CO
r20
•16
12
CP
o>
«
•8
CD
otx
579
Time(days)
13
Figure 20. Numbers of Gonyaulax monilata (solid line) and bacterial biomass
(dashed line) at station Gl in Santa Rosa Sound.
36
-------
12-
^10-
xuo
E
>« .^
5 8^
xxo
>-%
X
-------
Table 1.- TIDE DATA FOR SAMPLING DATES.*
DATE
8
22
5
19
3
1.9
14
4
18
5
18
7
8
21
22
5
6
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar .
Mar.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
May
May
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
TIME
0644
1633
0644
1532
0345
1417
0231
1248
0147
1218
0633
1931
0106
1004
0631
2021
0634
2012
0558
2006
0446
1823
1944
1103
1835
1003
1936
1001
HEIGHT
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
1
-0
1
-0
1
-0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
.3
.7
.1
.7
.1
.5
.8
.5
.9
.2
.1
.9
.5
.1
.6
.3
.3
.0
.4
.2
.1
.0
.2
.0
.2
.0
.1
.2
DATE
20
9
10
23
24
7
8
21
22
4
o
18
19
22
18
19
1
2
15
16
7
19
May
June
June
June
June
July
July
July
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
Jan.
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
.1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1979
TIME
0903
1917
2321
1252
2312
1259
2222
1208
2209
1218
2118
1134
2103
1148
0203
1323
2347
1039
2249
0925
2248
0939
0200
1215
0040
1133
0813
2148
HEIGHT
1
0
0
1
-0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
-0
0
0
1
-0
0
1
.2
.0
.0
.3
.1
.4
.1
.4
.1
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.4
.6
.2
.6
.0
.5
.1
.8
.2
.0
.1
.5
.1
*Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce NOAA Tide Table for Pensacola,
FL. Heights are reckoned from the datum of soundings on charts
of the locality which is mean low water.
38
-------
Table 1. (Continued)
2
15
1
16
17
DATE
Feb.
Feb.
Mar .
Mar .
Mar.
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
TIME
0757
1637
0046
0920
0725
1336
2118
- 1301
HEIGHT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.6
.6
.1
.4
.5
.2
.8
DATE
28
- 29
25
26
17
13
14
Mar .
Mar.
Apr.
Apr .
May
June
June
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
TIME
1924
1134
1927
1024
0031
1408
2321
. 1300
HEIGHT
0
0
0
1
-0
1
-0
1
.2
.9
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
39
-------
Table 2. RESULTS OF WATER COLUMN GREASE AND OIL ANALYSISfmg/1)
IN SANTA ROSA SOUND AND LITTLE SABINE BAY.
STATION
DATE 3 4 Q 6
11 8/78 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.5
7/22/78 3.2 0.8 1.0 0.6
. 8/ 6/78 -* 1.3
8/19/78 - - '
9/22/78 -
10/19/78 - - . - -
ll/ 2/78 0.6 . 1.3 1.0
11/16/78 2.2 2.4 1.0 9.2
12/ 7/78 ' - - -
12/19/78 -
1/11/79 . ...
II 2/79 ....
2/14/79 ... .
3/ 1/79 -
3/17/79 -
•
3/29/79 - -
4/26/79 ....
5/17/79 - - -
6/14/79 - 0.6
*(dash marks indicate results below detectable limits for
analysis)
40
-------
Table 3: Phytoplankton Numbers at Station 25 in Santa Rosa Sound
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 ju
5 x 3 ju
7 x 5 u
9 x 7 ju
12 x 9 ju
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas
4/8/78
9450
2011
704
201
201
603
402
4/22
16185
1407
503
100
3
704
3
5/20
13572
503
503
804
6/10
3820
2011
6
402
3
6/24
4423
402
3
7/8
6534
303
3
3
402
402
7/22
7740
402
3
1608
6
8/19
13994
402
3
3
402
9/22
6032
503
402
402
6
10/19
2111
603
6
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina 304
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas 704 3016 905 603 905 2312 1005 1508 603
Ebria 66 3
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas 503 3
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 16989 9148 3 3
Chrysophyte sp.(B) 5630
Blue-green 4423 804 5428 603
Anacystis 15
Coccochloris . 603
Fila. blue-green 3 13
DIATOMS
Amphipora
Amphora 3 933
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
2011
3
3
6
3317
603
3
3
3
1910
104
3
: 6
3
4
3
2714
1106
6
3
6333
2714
503
1810
4423
3
302
503
5831
1206
1206
3
603
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 ju 1106
5 x 3 ju
7 x 5 jj 3
9 x 7 JLI
12 x 9 AI
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas 6
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon 43 27 3
Apedinella 3
Calycomonas 3 6 304 302 6 2111 704
Ebria 25 3
Eutreptia 6 19
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas 3 503
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 33 3016
Blue-green coccoid 1608
Coccochloris 3 9
DIATOMS
Amphipora 3
Amphora 36 639
Asterionella 44
Auricula
Bacteriastrum 3 16
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
7/8 7/22
8/19 9/22 10/19
CO
Asterionella
Auricula
Bacteriastrum
Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
C yclotella
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia
Melosira
Navicula sp.
Nitzschia sp.(A)
Nitzschia sp.(B)
Nitzschia sp.(C)
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia
PI eurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaphoneis
13
25
804 10759
3421
13
3
502
402
3
13
2517
13
1851
3
305
13
16
921
4021
11360
6
9
3
13
411
3
1307
10455
804
5529
6
9
3317
9148
10
2714
5328
6
6
1206
3921
6
6
402
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
11/2/78
6
13
11/16
22
44
1105
12/7
13
37
3
6
1219
12/19
94
3
9
3
9
1/11/79
85
340
3
3
6
3/29
6
348
3
19
4/26
9
3
6
6
2515
5/17
26
6
2110
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia 9 16 6 3
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrusi 1567 69 99 3
Licmophora
Mastigloia 33 3
Melosira 22 3 3 9 3 44
Navicula sp. 9 3 3 3 9 13 9
Nitzschia sp.(A) 3 3 . 1508 1709 804
Nitzschia sp.(B) 703 1005 6 502 10556 6032 7640
Nitzschia sp.(C) 540 379 204 159 25 34 15
Opephora
Paralia 3 3
Pinnularia
PI eurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaponeis
Rhizosolenia 47 138 31 493 6 6 6
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema 31 22 13
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
, _4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 v 7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19
Rhizosolenia 3
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema 3
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thalassionema 6 181
Thai assiosira 36
Triceratium
Centric Diatom 3820 1910
Achnanthes 3
SILICQFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidinium
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis
19
25
3
31
13 13
6
9 13
13
50
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2S
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra 3
Thalassionema 56 25 22 6 31
Thalassiosira 9 3
Triceratium
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia 966
DINOFLAGELLATES
-
en
Amphidinium .... 3
Ceratium 33 93
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax 3
Gymnodinium 6 35 3 9
Gyrodinium 3
Katodinium
Oxytoxum 3
Peridinium 36 9
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum 6 34 25 16 47 28 29 3
Pyrocystis
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 /J 5630 9249 5630 3418 5630 6736 1005 3116 4725 1910
5 x 3 ju 1106 1206 402 201 3 201 402 503
7 x 5 ju 905 201 3 3 3 3 3
9 x 7 ju 201 39
12 x 9 ju 201
Chroomonas 3
Chryptomonas 1810 6 3 502 3 3 904
Rhodomonas 503 .-. 402 3 3
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas 402
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas 201 603 1608 704 6 2010 402 502
Ebria 25 6
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis 101 3
Chlamydomonas 202
Chryosphyte sp.(A) 1506 402 402
Blue-green 704 1709 9
Fila. Blue-green 3
DIATOMS
Amphipora 3 3
Amphora 9 35 44 62 13 3 22 18 3
Asterionella 3
Auricula
Bacteriastrum
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
11/2/78 11/16 i!2/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 JJ 6 1206 1609 2513 3820 5529 3619 7540
5 x 3 ju 403 302 1005 804 3 1307
7 x 5 ju 302 3 302 503 603 9 402
9 x 7 JU 3 336
12 x 9 JJ 3 6
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas 402 3 6 6 1106 704 302
Rhodomonas 33 6
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon 6
4^ Apedinella
00 Calycomonas 302 402 3 704 1910 1106
Ebria 3 6
Eutreptia . 9 3
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas 3 703 3
Tetraselmis 3 6
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 3 3 6 603
Coccochloris 6
Fila. Blue-green 3 3
Blue-green coccoid 1005 302
DIATOMS
Amphipora
Amphora 6 6 3 6 12 6 9
Asterionella 28 82 9 3
Auricula
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
to
Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethroni
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
Diploneis
Dactyl iosol en
Epithemia
Eucampia
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora
Gyro sigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia
Melosira
Navicula
Nitzschia sp.(A)
Nitzschia sp.(B)
Nitzschia sp.(C)
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia
Pleurosigma
Rhabdonema
Rhaphoneis
Rhizosolenia
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema
4/8/78
6
6
3
304
3
3
3
9
3
19
3
22
4/22
3
3
10556
9
9
905
2413
6
6
13
3
3
5/20
3
44
7442
3
3
3
16
47
16
6
35
22
13
6
6/10 6/24
82
9412 3
6
3 3
3
6
41 47
66
3
25 3
3
19
19
3
3
19
7/8
3
3
3619
3
3
9
3
1810
7/22
3
35
1533
3
6
72
22
503
6
25
3
9
3
8/19
6
19
452
9
13
3
6
9
28
503
26
29
9
9
94
116
3
94
9/22
9
13
16
323
6
9
3
302
22
3
60
10/19
16
41
9
13773
6
3
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
Bacteriastrum
Biddulphia
Ceratulina 3 603 22 3 3
Chaetoceros 32 19 53 72 82 9
Cocconeis 3 666
Corethron
Coscinodiscus 31 13 13 9 21
Coscinosira 9 22 6 6 6
Cyclotella 22 310 318 805 25 16 4926
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen 3
Epithemia 3
Eucampia 36 3
Fragilaria
Frustulia
Grammatophora 96 3
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus 38 56 38 31
Licmophora
Mastigloia 33 3 13
Melosira 29 3 9 19 28 16
Navicula 33 9 16 6 28 19
Nitzschia sp.(A) 603 3 302 603 1810
Nitzschia sp.(B) 302 1106 5630 3116 6635
Nitzschia sp.(C) 3 503 138 599 130 6 113 34
Opephora
Paralia 699 6
Pinnularia 3
PI eurosigma 6 6 '9
Rhabdonema 6 6
Rhaponeis 6
Rhizosolenia 9 6 104 50 63 53 22
Rhopalodia . 3
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
Stauroneis 6
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella 3 6
Synedra 3
Thalassionema 9 60
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Cymatosira 3 54 107
Centric Diatom 1508 6
Hemiaulus
Di tyl urn
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia 3 6
DINOFLAGELLATES
7/8 7/22
3
3
6 22
3
72
3
8/19
3
19
63
3
3
9
9/22 10/19
3 273
Amphidinium
Ceratium 13
Dinophysis 6 9
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium 6 3 33
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum 6
Peridiniurn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum 41 25 3 3 9 38 198
Pyrocystis
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 2B
'a,
ro
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26
Skeletonema 25 63 25 3 110
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus 3
Striatella 3 6
Surirella
Syne'dra 3
Thalassionema 22 28 50 22 31
Thalassiosira 6
Triceratium 6
Cymatosira 25 3 19 3 9 13
Hemiaulus 3
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia 663 3
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidinium 3
Ceratium 14 3
Dinophysis 3
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium 3 13 13 6
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytosum
Peri dini urn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum 21 195 79 26 87 65 28
5/17
60
3
3
9
3
3
9
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
4/8/78
4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
7/8 7/22
8/19
9/22 10/19
en
co
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 ju
5 x 3 JLI
7 x 5 ju
9 x 7 ju
12 x 9 v
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomanas
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina -
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas
Ebria
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetrase1 mis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A)
Spirulina
Blue-green
Anacystis
Agmenellum
DIATOMS
Amphipora
Amphora
Asterionella
Auricula
Bacteriastrum
14175
1608
3
1608
6
10355
1407
503
3
905
10656
503
3
905
5831
503
3
3
2513
11762
1005
704
704
11963
1508
402
2513
704
13270
603
6
1407
804
7439
804
302
6
8042
402
603
402
6
7640
905
503
3
402
6
13
3
3
6
28
1206
4021
1508
8344
3
603
8646
6
44
3
51
402
3
4122
3
3
19
19
5228
3
3
6
10254
22
9
18
2011
1206
19
1206
3
3
3
6
3519
42
3
28
1608
9
804
13
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
MICROFLAGELLATES
3x2ju 4815 2412 1106 2614 2614 4725 5328
5 x 3 ju 603 402 3 804 1106 704 1005
7 x 5 ju 313 1206 905 703
9 x 7 JU . 3 3 402 3
12 x 9 ju 333
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas 3 4 905 402 503
Rhodomonas 3 33 302 3
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon 19 .9 6 3
Apedinella
Calycomonas 3 503 503 3317 905
Ebria 3
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 36 2815 402
Blue-green 3
Coccochloris 503
DIATOMS
Amphipora 6 6
Amphora 16 13 3 12 25 22
Asterionella 4
Auricula
Bacteriastrum 3
Biddulphia
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
Biddulphia
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
4/8/78 4/22
3
1810 10961
5/20 6/10 6/24
3
6
8445 4926 2614
7/8
3
5429
7/22
9
6
2841
8/19
13
3
6
813
9/22
6
5127
10/19
3
6
1023
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epitehmia
Eucampia
Fragilaria 3 6
Frustulia 6
Grammatophora 3 3
Gyros igma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia 9 6 31 13 6 13 31 9
Melosira 6 13
Navicula 33 9 34 37 41 3 44 16 9
Nitzschia sp.(A) 302 2513 905 6 6233 603 4122 704 804 1105
Nitzschia sp.{B) 16990 14376 4624 1608 16185 7640 10455 1307 5027 4624
Nitzschia sp.(C) 102 36 13 69666
Opephora 3
Paralia
Pinnularia 63 333 3
Pleurosigma 6 3
Rhabdonema 3
Rhaphoneis
Rhizosolenia 16 96
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema 3
Stauroneis
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
Ceratulina
Chaetoceros
Cocconeis
Corethron
Coscinodiscus
Coscinosira
Cyclotella
11/2/78
9
13
629
11/16
11259
9
6
524
12/7
9
515
12/19 1/11/79 3/29
38
374
9
314
4/26
6
6
16
3518
5/17
3
35
3
9
4222
Diploneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia 9 1005 3
Fragilaria 3
Frustulia
Grammatophora 3 3
Gyro sigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus 3 3 16 28 3
Licmophora 3
Mastigloia 3 13 9 9 13
Melosira 16 21 36
Navicula 41 3 9 13 13 13
Nitzschia sp.(A) 301 603 905 303
Nitzschia sp.(B) 704 4323 7942 10556
Nitzschia sp.(C) 25 634 706 233 16 15 19
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia 6 6
Pleurosigma . 9 3
Rhabdonema
Rhaponeis
Rhizosolenia 16 2237 20 3
Rhopalodia 3 3
Skeletonema 22 13
Stauroneis
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella 9
Synedra 19 9 33
Thalassionema 16 28 9
Thalassiosira 6
Triceratium
Centric Diatom 1215
Fila. Blue-green 22
Coccochloris 503
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
01 DINOFLAGELLATES
7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19
3
31 19 69 418
16 6 3
3 13 3 9
60
363
Amphidinium
Ceratium 6 16 6 6
Dinophysis 3
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium 13 40 47 9 211 138 38 41 9
Gyrodinium 3
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium 3
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum . 266 73 3 32 6 9 6 3 79
Pyrocystis 3
Pyrophacus
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4S
CD
oo
11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/17 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thai ass ionema
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Hemaaulus
SILICOFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidim'um
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviae! la
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridinium
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis
9
22 19 22 53
25 19
966
3 19
3
6 3
9 13 9 9 6 13
3
333
170 21 13 22 16 34 19
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 48
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 ju 8042 15582 22619 4725 19201 12566 10254 4926 8545 4725
5 x 3 JU 1508 1005 603 402 905 1910 704 503 1005 804
7 x 5 /j 6 302 3 3 1005 3 402 402 6
9 x 7 ju 3 301 3
12 x 9 ju 3
.Chroomonas
Cryptomonas 302 2111 34180 2010 2111 2915 1508 302
Rhodomonas 3 1005 3 6 905
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina . 3 3
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
en Apedinella
"° Calycomonas 1005 1307 1809 1709 2915 2412 1106 2815
Ebria 35 3 6
Eutreptia
Euglena 3
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas 6 6 503 302 3
Tetraselmis 3 3
Chlamydomonas 3
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 3 6836 1608 6 63
Spiralina 63 3
Fila. Blue-green 6 996
Agmenellum 3
Coccochloris 6 6
DIATOMS
Amphipora 12 3 37 28
Amphora 37 38 31 38 6 16 16 6
Asterionella
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
cr>
o
11/2/78
MICROFLAGELLATES
3 x 2 /j 4222
5 x 3 /j 503
7 x 5 ju 6
9 x 7 ju 402
12 x 9 ju
Chroomonas
Cryptomonas
Rhodomonas 704
Isochrysis
Chrysochromulina
Ochromonas
Dinobryon
Apedinella
Calycomonas
Ebria
Eutreptia
Euglena
Heteromastix
Pyramimonas
Tetraselmis
Chlamydomonas
Chrysophyte sp.(A) 3
Coccochloris
Fila. Blue-green 15
Blue-green Coccoid
Agmenellum
DIATOMS
11/16 12/7
2413 2111
6 302
9
3 3
704 302
905 503
402
3
3
3
12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26
2011 4122 6434
3 204 9
302 503
6
3
1005 402
9
503 704 2212
3
3
3 3619
5/17
7640
1106
1307
6
3
3
804
3
302
3
Amphipora 25 22
Amphora 6 28 4 6 19
Asterionella 3
Auricula
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
4/8/78 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 7/8 7/22 8/19 9/22 10/19
Auricula 6 33
Bacteriastrum 3
Biddulphia
Ceratulina 9
Chaetoceros 13 3
Cocconeis .6 3
Corethron
Coscinodiscus 93 66 25 19 639
Coscinosira 3 3 34
Cyclotella 1809 13370 5630 1005 6132 2516 2315 4835 423
Dip!oneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia
Eucampia
en Fragilaria 6 6
1-1 Frustulia 3
Grammatophora 3 3 13 33
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia 3
Leptocyindrus
Licmophora
Mastigloia
Melosira
Navicula
Nitzschia sp.(A)
Nitzschia sp.(B)
Nitzschia sp.(C)
Opephora
Paralia 3
Pinnularia 9 3 13 9
Pleurosigma 12 3 3
Rhabdonema 19 119
Rhaphoneis
Rhizosolenia 21 31 53
16
19
6
4624
18
31
41
2714
22820
25
22
1910
26942
6
13
22
31
905
4122
147
18
28
31
1608
6233
13
38
13
19
16
19
9
1709
2111
13
31
13
6
704
1307
9
13
804
5529
804
2011
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
, 11/2/78 11/16 12/7 12/19 1/11/79 3/29 4/26 5/17
Bacteriastrum 3
Biddulphia
Ceratulina 11058 223 3
Chaetoceros 3 160 283 446 9
Cocconeis 3
Corethron
Coscinodiscus 33 16 3
Coscinosira 35 25 35 13
Cyclotella 820 1121 1118 405 18 4728 4633
Dipi oneis
Dactyliosolen
Epithemia 3
Eucampia 6 804 6
Fraiglaria
cr> Frustulia
Grammatophora 3 3
Gyrosigma
Hantszchia
Leptocylindrus 93 3 38
Licmophora
Mastigloia 9 28 3 12 13
Melosira 6 13 25 47 19
Navicula 66 9 3 6 19 16
Nitzschia sp.(A) 6 402 3 3 18 905
Nitzschia sp.(B) 1709 704 4222 7238 7741
Nitzschia sp.(C) 47 730 1366 454 6 24 12
Opephora
Paralia
Pinnularia 3 33
PI eurosigma 3
Rhabdonema 3
Rhaponeis
Rhizosolenia 19 1457 66 37 3
Rhopalodia
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
CT>
00
Rhopalodia
Skeletonema
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thalassionema
Thalassiosira
Trice ratium
Centric Diatom
PI a zio gramma
Blue-green
Cymatosira
Anacystis
SILICOFLAGELLATE
4/8/79 4/22 5/20 6/10 6/24 7/8 7/22
3 6
3
6 26
3
6
6 93
6 41 22 16 25
25 28 96
1715
3
38905
28
8/19 9/22 10/19
3 16 407
16
302 503
3
Dictyochia
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidinium
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peridiniurn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
22
16 16
13
63
9
3
19
57
40
6
3
16
34 44
28
25
-------
Table 3: Continued - Station 4B
en
Skeletonema
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
Striatella
Surirella
Synedra
Thai ass ionema
11/2/78 11/16 12/7
3
19 25 41
12/19 1/11/79 3/29
6 13
3
4/26
22
3
5/17
56
Thalassiosira
Triceratium
Hemiaulus
Guindardia
SILICQFLAGELLATE
Dictyochia
DINOFLAGELLATES
Amphidinium
Ceratium
Dinophysis
Exuviaella
Goniaulax
Gymnodinium
Gyrodinium
Katodinium
Oxytoxum
Peri dim'urn
Phalacroma
Prorocentrum
Pyrocystis
22
3
44
38
3
41
28
13
13
31
54
66
6
3
19
-------
Appendix I. Data from red-tide study conducted 8/15-8/27/79. (AM samples collected at 11:00 AM;
PM samples collected at 11:00 PM)
Station 1: From Sound waters near Ft. Pickens entrance gate.
Sample day and time
1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13
Parameter AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM
Temperature(°C) - 28.5 30.5 28.6 30.0 29.2 29.0 29.7 29.1 29.0 28.2 28.0 27.5 27.8
Salinity (ppt) - . 16.0 16.0 14.8 15.3 14.0 15.1 18.0 15.5 15.7 19.2 - 14.9 14.0
D.O. (ppm) - 9.2 12.1 9.8 8.8 8.2 10.2 7.4 10.3 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.5 10.5
S pll - 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.6 8.4 7.9 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.3 8.6
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)- 29.8 44.5 18.7 4.5 9.3 7.5 12.7 16.5 14.7 14.9 15.4 9.0 42.8
Organic C (ppm) - 6.7 4.5 2.7 4.3 4.5 5.6 5.5 4.2 4.8 5.2 5.1 10.1 3.9
N03-N (ppm) - .008 .011 .008 0.0 .001 .003 .003 .041 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
P04-P (ppb) - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 2.8 4.2 2.0 1.3 9.2 5.3
Bacterial biomass
(mg/mlXlO'4) - 14.7 17.6 7.2 8.6 10.3 11.2 8.6 8.2 7.2 4.7 5.1 11.4 6.5
Gonyaulax monilata
(eel Is/ml) ~ 384 42 48 109 26 7 19 30 58 1 7 14 240
-------
Appendix I. (continued)
cr>
en
Station 2: Gulf Breeze boat ramp at 3-mile bridge.
Sample day and time
1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13
Parameter AM. PM AM PM ATI PM AM PM AM PH AM PM AM PM
Temperature(°C) 30.1 30.2 29.9 29.2 29.0 29.0 29.3 29.8 29.0 29.5 28.3 28.8 28.0 28.0
Salinity (ppt) 13.2 12.3 14.0 10.8 12.8 16.8 12.3 14.0 12.2 13.5 14.8 17.0 14.8 14.2
D.O. (ppm) 10.6 10.5 9.4 9.0 10.0 8.2 8.2 7.9 8.3 8.5 7.2 6.6 6.5 8.6
pH 7.5 8.9 8.2 7.7 7.7 8.3 7.5 8.1 7.3 8.3 8.3 7.9 8.0 8.3
B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 9.5 35.7 14.5 16.9 31.3 6.7 11.7 12.3 24.7 11.0 19.0 20.5 13.0 31.8
Organic C (ppm) 5.8 6.5 4.7 3.4 5.4 4.5 5.5 4.8 4.6 10.8 6.5 14.1 6.8 8.0
N03-N (ppm) .008 .014 .014 .011 0.0 .020 - .070 .026 0.0 0.0 .005 0.0 0.0
P04-P (ppb) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ' 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 16.7 1.2 2.0 6.2 4.8 1.2
Bacterial biomass
(rag/ml X ID'4) 16.4 15.0 12.4 15.8 9.8 7.3 8.9 6.6 7.3 8.4 8.1 7.8 9.8 8.7
Gonyaulax monilata
IceTlsTinT)15 490 89 40 27 7 26 44 237 24 8 1 8 26
-------
Appendix I. (continued)
Station 3: EPA intake dock.
Sample time and day
1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13
Parameter AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM
Temperature(°C) 29.1 30.0 30.0 29.9 29.4 29.8 30.0 29.9 29.0 29,.8 28.8 27.5 28.0 28.3
Salinity (ppt) -18.1- 13.7 17.0 -17.1 -17.5 --1-9.5 14.5 17,8 1-7.6 17.0 18.7 25.0 18.0 15.9
D.O. (ppm) 9.8 12.0 11.6 7.0 8.1 7.8 10.4 7.2 8.0 8.p 7.3 8.2 6.8 9.4
5 pll 8.0 8.5 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.3 7.8 8.2 8.4 8.0 8.3 8.6
B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 12.7 28.7 26.2 10.6 21.3 8.0 10.3 14.2 17.7 11.8 16.5 14.9 10.7 15.6
Organic C (ppm) 4.3 5.6 3.5 5.8 7.7 6.9 4.6 4.2 6.3 8.3 7.5 6.6 8.9 4.8
N03-N (ppm) .090 .020 .011 .011 .003 .014 - .031 0.0 0.0 0.0 .010 0.0 0.0
P04-P (ppb) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 3.0 2.3 20.0 10.7 4.0 0.3
Bacterial biomass
(mg/ml X 10'4) 10.0 16.2 7.0 5.3 9.6 9.7 7.4 7.4 4.5 7.6 4.2 6.1 8.7 6.6
Gonyaulax monilata
(eel Is/in!)69" 306 157 94 34 40 58 21 72 23 27 1 20 15
-------
Appendix I. (continued)
Station 4: Unfiltered intake water from EPA wet lab.
Sample day and time
1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13
Parameter AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM
Temperature(°C) 29.0 29.7 29.1 29.3 29.0 29.8 29.0 29.5 29.3 29.4 29.5 28.8 28.3 28.4
Salinity (ppt) 21.2-21.0 24.0 18.0 25.0 26.1 19.5 22.3 22.5 21.9 20.9 22.5 18.9 17.5
D.O. (ppm) 5.5 7.2 5.0 7.5 5.0 5.2 5.6 4.7. 4.7 4.3 5.6 8.0 5.9 8.6
pll 7.9 8.4 7.5 8.1 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.4 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.5
B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 13.8 25.8 28.1 24.3 34.1 16.7 13.9 17.1 11.9 15.5 19.4 17.7 13.0 14.3
Organic C (ppm) 7.1 6.6 5.9 4.5 6.1 6.1 4.6 6.1 4.9 6.8 5.4 5.4 6.9 9.1
N03-N (ppm) 0.0 .020 .011 .008 .003 .006 - .014 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
P04-P (ppb) 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.5 5.3 1.2
Bacterial biomass
(mg/ml X lO"4) 4.1 11.4 4.5 5.7 4.9 6.7 5.5 3.5 4.6 3.5 5.4 5.3 8.1 5.2
Gonyaulax monilata
Tcells7mT)13 214 109 27 38 92 60 404 27. 382 71 4 14 8
-------
Appendix I. (continued)
Station 5: From Sound behind last convenience store on beach road heading toward Navarre.
Sample day and time
1 1 3 3 55 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13
Parameter AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM
Temperature(°C) 29.8 28.4 31.0 28.2 30.3 28.3 30.3 29.0 29.8 28.7 29.0 26.8 27.9 28.0
Salinity (ppt) 14.1 16.2 17.5 18.7 15.3 16.0 17.0 17.4 18.3 17.1 18.0 - 17.8 17.7
D.O. (ppm) 9.9 8.3 12.2 7.8 9.0 7.4 9.6 6.4 9.0 7.1 8.7 9.0 7.5 8.0
S pH 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.0 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.5
B.O.D.(mg/l/5d) 11.6 14.9 22.5 19.7 34.7 10.7 10*9 10.9 11.1 13.5 14.1 18.2 11.3 14.9
Organic C (ppm) 3.3 6.0 3.0 4.1 4.3 7.0 7.7 6.7 5.2 9.9 8.1 4.2 12.5 3.6
N03-N (ppm) .011 .033 0.0 .008 .017 .011 - .031 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
P04-P (ppb) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 2.5 2.0 3.7 3.3 0.3
Bacterial biomass
(mg/ml X ID'4) 14.0 20.0 10.4 7.5 9.8 10.9 13.1 7.6 10.3 7.2 13.4 8.7 7.9 7.0
Gonyaulax monilata
IcelT?/mT) 47 7 2 2 148 0 8 16 0 16 1 21 2 0
-------
Appendix Ha. Diel study (12/14-12/15/78)
; ]
Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
N03-N (ppm)
Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
Mi3-N (ppb)
NOvN (ppm)
Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D. (mg/1/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NO^-N (ppm)
Station 2S
Time
1500 2100 0300
12.0 11.2 10.7
5.8 7.2 10. S
12.8 13.3 12.6
7.6 7.9
1.2 0.7 3.1
0.0 7.4 2.3
4.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0900
10.8
12.1
11.8
7.8
11.0
8.1
0.8
1.3
0.0
Station 2B
Time
1500 2100 0300
11.2 11.2 11.3
25.1 31.2 24.0
9.6 8.8 9.0
8.0 8.1
6.8 0.7 0.7
6.7 0.0 1.9
2.2 5.5 0.0
0.0 • 15.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0900
11.3
28.0
8.5
7.8
10.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Station 4B
Time
1500 2100 0300.
9.2 11.3 9.2
16.2 16.2 15.8
13.0 12.2 12.3
8.0 8.1
9.2 3.4 4.1
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0
0900
9.2
17.8
11.8
7.8
9.7
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Station
2M
Time
1500
11.0
8.9
13.2
7.9
5.6
0.1
1.8
36.2
0.0
Station
2100
9.7
18.5
12.4
8.0
0.0
7.5
4.2
0.0
0.0
4S
0300
9.8
16.0
12.3
-
3.1
3.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0900
10.1
16.8
11.7
7.7
11.0
9.4
2.3
0.0
0.0
Time
1500
14.0
11.5
12.6
8.0
4.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100
12.2
10.4
11.8
7.8
2.0
0.0
0.0
46.7
0.0
0300
11.7
11.0-
11.6
-
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0900
12.2
12.7
10.8
7.7
8.3
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
70
-------
Appendix lib. Diel study (6/13-6/14/79)
Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
PH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NOvN (PPm)
Parameter
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
pH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NO^-N (ppm)
Parameter
Tempera ture(°C)
Salinity (ppt)
D.O. (ppm)
pH
B.O.D.(mg/l/5 d)
Poly-P04 (ppb)
P04-P (ppb)
NH3-N (ppb)
NOvN (ppm)
Station 2S
Time
1500 2100 0300
26.3 25.7 25.2
22.7 25,3 22.0
8.4 8.0 6.8
8.5 8.5
0.9 1.1 3.9
0.0 0.0 9.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
92.9 52.9 2.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0900
26.0
20.8
7.4
8.4
0.3
2.6
0.0
163.5
.012
Station 2B
Time
1500 2100 0300
25.3 25.3 24.8
27.8 24.6 24.3
5.8 5.5 . 4.6
8.4 8.4 8.4
6.3 7.1 3.3
4.1 4.4 11.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
87.1 43.5 35.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0900
26.1
25.8
4.8
8.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
85.9
.035
Station 4B
Time
1500 2100 0300
25.1 24.7 24.3
23.9 21.7 20.5
7.9 7.5 7.8
8.5 8.5 8.5
5.1 1.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 7.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
60.0 15.3 81.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0900
25.5
21.9
6.4
8.4
2.0
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
Station
1500
26.0
23.2
8.1
-
0.0
1.9
0.0
25.9
0.0
2M
2100
25.7
26.1
7.8
8.5
2.0
1.5
0.0
23.5
0.0
Time
0300
25.2
22.2
6.8
8.5
0.0
3.7
0.0
56.5
0.0
0900
26.0
22.7
7.0
8.4
0.0
22.2
0,0
63.5
.025
Station 4S
1500
26.0
23.5
8.2
8.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
169.4
0.0
2100
25.2
21.0
8.3
8.3
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Time
0300
24.3
20.3
7.8
7.8
3.6
7.4
0.0
108.2
0.0
0900
24.9
20.6
7.6
7.6
1.7
0.0
0.0
52.9
.160
71
------- |