I
EPA-560/7-75-003
CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE
FOR
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (CATS)
CUMULATIVE REPORT NO. 1
PART I
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C 20460
DECEMBER 1975
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This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency
and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor
does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
EPA-560/7-75-003
CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE
FOR
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
CUMULATIVE REPORT NO. 1
PART I
December 1975
Contract No. 68-01-2694
Office of Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
Ernest W. Stalder
Project Officer
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Acorn Park
Cambridge, Mass. 02140
C-77355
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FOREWORD
Cumulative Report No. 1 of the Current Awareness Service for Toxic Sub-
stances (CATS) covers the first year's service conducted for the Office
of Toxic Substances (OTS) U.S. EPA under Contract No. 68-01-2694. The
CATS is a scanning service of some 50 scientific journals, 30 trade jour-
nals, and reports of major federal, state, and local environmental agencies.
Scanning topics comprise a list of some 30 to 40 chemicals, classes of
chemicals, and general topics related to chemicals in the environment.
Abstracts or summaries of items of interest were prepared, indexed by sub-
ject and author, and compiled into biweekly CATS Reports.
Mr. Ernest W. Stalder, Monitoring and Information Systems Branch, OTS, EPA,
Washington, DC is the Project Officer.
Ms. Virginia Valeri, Literature Research Section, Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Cambridge, MA is the Contract Manager.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCANNING TOPICS
JOURNALS SCANNED
JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS
SUBJECT INDEX
AUTHOR INDEX
CATS BIWEEKLY REPORTS
1
2
3
7
38
PART I
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PART II
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
49
83
122
169
206
253
284
327
360
401
436
464
495
534
571
617
692
732
760
790
832
854
882
903
934
964
ill
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SCANNING TOPICS +
1. Acetonitrile
2. Acrylonitrile
3. Arsenic
*4. Aryl phosphates (phenyl, cresyl, mixed phenyl-cresyl)
*5. Asbestos
6. Benzidine, and salts (hydrochloride, sulfate)
7. Boron
8. Brominated biphenyls
9. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
10. Dioxane
11. Ethyleneimine
12. Flame retardants
*13. Fluorocarbons**
14. Haloethers
15. Hexachlorobenzene
16. Hexachlorobutadiene
*17. Hydrazine, derivatives, and salts
(sym and unsym - dimethyl, monomethyl)
18. Isocyanates (organic)
(toluene diisocyanate, methylene bis(phenylisocyanate))
19. Liquefaction and gasification of coal
20. 4,4f-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)
21. Model Ecosystems
(Environmental Fate Testing, Microecosysterns)
22. Naphthylamines (alpha, beta, N-phenyl derivatives)
23. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)
*24. Optical brighteners
(fluorescent whitening agents, fluorescent dyes)
25. Perchloroethylene
*26. Phthalates (dioctyl, di-2-ethylhexyl)
27. Polyurethanes
28. beta-Propiolactone
29. Trichloroethylene
30. Shale oil extraction and refining
31. Vinyl chloride
**
*32. Vinylidene chloride**
*33. Ethylene dibromide***
* - Automatic Acquisition (** added during progress of the project)
*** - Added to list of Scanning Topics in April 1975
+ - Within each Biweekly Report abstracts on the above listed topics
appear in the order given
-1-
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JOURNALS SCANNED
JOURNALS
Aerosol Age
Agricultural & Biological Chemistry Journal
Air Pollution Control Assoc. Journal
AIChE Journal
Ambio
J. of the American Chemical Society
American Dyestuff Reporter
American Industrial Assoc. J.
American J. of Public Health
American Medical Assoc. J.
Analytical Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Anti-Corrosion-Methods & Materials
Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology
Archives of Environmental Health
Journal of the Assoc. Official Anal. Chemists
Atmospheric Environment
Biochemistry
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Bioorganic Chemistry
Biotechnology & Bioenglneering
Bull, of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology
Cancer Research
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Reviews
Chemical Week
Chemistry
Chemistry and Industry
Chemosphere
Clinical Toxicology
Coal Age
Combustion
Combustion and Flame
Combustion Science & Technology
Corrosion
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Research
Environmental Science & Technology
Farm Chemicals (Formerly Agricultural Chems.)
Fire Journal
Food & Cosmetics Toxicology
Household and Personal Ind. Prods.
(Formerly Detergents & Specialties)
Hydrocarbon Processing
Industrial Water & Wastes
International J. of Cancer
Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry
Journal of Experimental Biology
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology
Journal of Occupational Medicine
Journal of Paint Technology
Journal of Reproduction & Fertility
Journal of Polymer Science
Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health
Lancet
Marine Pollution
Metal Progress
Mining Congress Journal
Modern Packaging
Modern Plastics
Mutation Research
National Cancer Institute Journal
Nature
Pollution Engineering
Quarterly Review of Biology
Residue Reviews
Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
Rubber Age
Science
Soap, Cosmetics & Chen. Specialties
TAPPI
Tenside (Detergents)
Teratology
Textile Chemist i Colourist
Textile World
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Water & Wastes Engineering
Water Pollution Control Federation Journal
Water Research
Wood & Wood Products
-2-
PERIOD OF COVERAGE
August 1974 thru July 1975
May thru Nov. 1974
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Sept. 1974 thru July 1975
Vol. 3, Nos. 1 thru 6, 1974; Vol. 4, Nos. 1' thru 4, 1975
21 Aug. and 18 Sept. 1974; 2 Oct. 1974 thru 23 July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Oct., Nov., Dec., 1974; Feb., Mar., May 1975
Aug. thru Dec. 1974 (except 7 and 14 Oct. 1974);
Jan. thru Apr. 1975
July, Sept., Oct., 1974; Jan., Feb., 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug., Dec. 1974; Feb.1975
June 1974 thru Apr. 1975; June-July 1975
Vol. 2, Nos. 2 and 3, 1974; Vol. 3, No. 1, 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
July 1974 thru May 1975
Aug. thru Dec. 1974; Jan. thru July 1975 (except March 1975)
30 July thru 31 Dec. 1974 (except 10 Sept. 1974);
14 Jan. thru 29 July 1975 (except 22 Apr. 1975)
Vol. 3, No. 4, 1974; Vol. 4, No. 1, 1974; Vol. 4, No. 2, 1975
Vol. 3, Nos. 2 thru 4, 1974
July 1974 thru June 1975
July thru Nov. 1974; Jan. thru June 1975
Aug. thru Nov. 1974; Jan. thru July 1975 (except March 1975)
Sept., Nov., Dec., 1974; Jan. thru July 1975
19 Aug. thru 23 Dec. 1974 (except 16 Sept. 1974);
6 Jan. thru 21 July 1975 (except 20 Jan. and 7 July 1975)
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug., Dec., 1974; Feb., Apr., June, 1975
24 July thru Dec. 1974 (except 11 and 18 Sept., and
25 Dec. 1974); 1 Jan. thru 30 July 1975 (except 16 Apr. 1975)
Sept. 1974 thru Aug. 1975
6 July thru 21 Dec., 1974; 16 Aug. thru 6 Dec. 1975
Oct. 1974 thru June 1975
Vol. 7, Nos. 2 thru 6, 1974
Aug. thru Dec. 1974; Jan., Apr. thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru June 1975
Aug. 1974 thru June 1975
Vol. 8, Nos. 5 and 6, Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2, 1974;
Vol. 10, Nos. 1 thru 6, 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Vol. 4, Nos. 1 and 3, 1974
Vol. 9, Dec. 1974; Vol. 10, Apr. 1975; Vol. 11, June 1975
Jan., Feb., Apr., June, July, Nov., Dec., 1974
June 1974 thru June 1975
Aug., 1974 thru July 1975
Aug. thru Dec. 1974
Nov. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru June 1975
July thru Dec. 1974 (except Oct. 1974); Jan. thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975 (except Feb. 1975)
Sept. 1974 thru Feb. 1975
Aug. 1974 thru June 1975
July 1974 thru June 1975
June, Aug., Oct., Dec., 1974
May thru Sept., Dec. 1974; Jan., March thru June 1975
Jan., Feb., Mar., 1974; Jan. thru Apr. 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975 (except Oct. 1974)
Apr. thru Nov. 1974; Jan., Feb. 1975
Sept. 1974 thru July 1975
Sept., Nov., 1975
17 Aug. 1974 thru 26 July 1975 (except 24 Aug. and 7 Dec. 1974)
Apr. thru Oct. 1974; Jan. 1975
Aug., Sept., Oct., 1974; Mar., Sept., 1975
Aug. thru Nov. 1974
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975 (except Nov. 1974 and Jan. 1975)
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
July 1974 thru June 1975
July 1974 thru July 1975
2 Aug. 1974. .thru 31 July 1975
Oct. 1974 thru July 1975
Vol. 49, Nos. 2 thru 4, 1974; Vol. 50, No.l, 1975
Vol. 51, 1974
Vol. II, Nos.l and 2, 1974
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
9 Aug. 1974 thru 25 July 1975 (except 20 and 27 Dec. 1974;
3, 10, and 17 Jan. 1975)
July 1974 thru July 1975 (except Dec. 1974)
Aug., Oct., Nov., 1974; Apr., Aug., Oct., Nov., 1975
Vol. 11, Nos. 3 thru 6, 1974
June 1974 thru June 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975 (except Nov., Dec. 1974)
July thru Nov. 1974; Jan. thru May 1975
Nov. 1974; Jan., Mar., 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975
Aug., Sept., Nov., Dec., 1974; Jan., Apr. thru July 1975
Aug. 1974 thru July 1975 (except Oct. 1974 and June 1975)
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JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS*
A.G.A. Monthly
Air/Water Pollut. Rept.
Amer. Dyest. Rept.
Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
Amer. J. Pathol.
Amer. J. Physiol.
Amer. Rev. Resp. Disease
Anal. Chem.
Anesthesia & Analgesia.
Current Res.
Anal. Chimica Acta
Ann. Occup. Hyg.
Anti-Corros. Methods Mater.
Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol.
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
Arch. Dennatol.
Atmos. Environ.
Arch. Environ. Health
Arch. Pathol.
American Gas Association Monthly
Air and Water Pollution Report
American Dyestuff Reporter
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
American Journal of Pathology
American Journal of Physiology
American Review of Respiratory Disease
Analytical Chemistry
Anesthesia and Analgesia, Current
Researches
Analytica Chimica Acta
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials
Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Archives of Dermatology
Atmospheric Environment
Archives of Environmental Health
Archives of Pathology
Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Communications
Biochem. Pharmacol.
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
Brit. J. Cancer
Brit. Med. J.
Brit. J. Ind. Med.
Brit. J. Dermatology
Brit. J. Haematolbgy
Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol.
Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications
Biochemical Pharmacology
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
British Journal of Cancer
British Medical Journal
British Journal of Industrial Medicine
British Journal of Dermatology
British Journal of Haematology
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology
New York Academy of Medicine. Bulletin
Can. Anaesth. Soc. J.
Can. Chem. Proc.
Cancer Res.
Chem. Biol. Interactions
Chem. Eng.
Chem. Eng. News
Chem. Ind.
Chem. Eng. Progr.
Chem. Revs.
Chem. Wk.
Clinical Toxicol.
Colo. Sch. Mines,
Minerals Ind. Bull.
Canadian Anaesthetists/Society Journal
Canadian Chemical Processing
Cancer Research
Chemico-Biological Interactions
Chemical Engineering
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemistry and Industry
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Reviews
Chemical Week
Clinical Toxicology
Colorado. School of Mines, Mineral Industries
Bulletin.
*Includes some journals not on core list of journals scanned
-3-
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Combust. Flame
Combust. Sci. Technol.
Contain. Contr./Biomed. Environ.
Critical Rev. Environ. Contr.
Combustion and Flame
Combustion Science and Technology
Contamination Control/Biomedical Environments
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control
Energie and Tech.
Environ.
Env.
Environ. Affairs
Environ. Health Letter
Environ. Health Perspect.
Environ. Letters
Environ. Pollut.
Env. Rept.
Environ Rept.
Env. Res.
Environ. Res.
Environ. Sci. Technol.
Eur. Plastics News
Exptl. Cell Res.
Energie Und Technik
Environment
Environment
Environmental Affairs
Environmental Health Letter
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Letters
Environmental Pollution
Environment Report
Environment Report
Environmental Research
Environmental Research
Environmental Science and Technology
European Plastics News
Experimental Cell Research
Fed. Proc.
Fed. Regist.
Fed. Reg.
Fire J.
Folia Pharmacol. Japonica
Food Cosmet. Toxicol.
Federation Proceedings of American
Societies for Experimental Biology
Federal Register
Federal Register
Fire Journal
Folia Pharmacol. Japonica
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology
Govt. Repts. Announc.
Government Reports Announcements
HAPPI
Hydrocarbon Process.
Household and Personal Products Industry
Hydrocarbon Processing
Intern. J. Environ. Studies
Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed.
Int. J. Cancer
International Journal of Environmental Studies
Internationales Archiv fuer Arbeitsmedizin
International Journal of Cancer
J. Agr. Food Chem.
J. Air Pollut. Contr. Ass.
JAPCA
J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
J. Amer. Med. Ass.
J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Air Pollution Control Association. Journal
Air Pollution Control Association. Journal
American Chemical Society, Journal
American Medical Association. Journal
American Veterinary Medical Association. Journal
-4-
-------
J. Hyg., Epidemiology Microbiol.,
Immunology
J. Nat. Cancer Inst.
J. Chromatography
J. Dent. Res.
J. Environ. Quality
J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol.
J. Occup. Med.
J. Paint Technol.
J. Pharmacol. and Exptl.
Therapeutics
J. Pharm. Sci.
J. Polym. Sci.
J. Polym. Sci. (Polymer
Ltrs. Ed.)
J. Polym. Sci. (Polymer
Phys. Ed.)
J. Testing and Evaluation
J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed.
Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Micro-
biology and Immunology
U.S. National Cancer Institute. Journal
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Dental Research
Journal of Environmental Quality
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology
Journal of Occupational Medicine
Journal of Paint Technology
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of Polymer Science
Journal of Polymer Science: Part B:
Polymer Letters
Journal of Polymer Science: Part A-2:
Polymer Physics
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
Water Pollution Control Federation Journal
Land and the Environ.
Land and the Environment
Marine Fisheries Rev.
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
Metal Progr.
Med. J. Aust.
Mod. Packag.
Mod. Plast.
Mutat. Res.
New Eng. J. Med.
Nutr. Revs.
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Metal Progress
Medical Journal of Australia
Modern .Packaging
Modern Plastics
Mutation Research
New England Journal of Medicine
Nutrition Reviews
Pollut. Eng.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
Pollution Engineering
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Proceedings
Sat. Rev.
Sci. & Gvt. Kept.
Sci. News
Sci. Total Environ.
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec.
South Africa Med. J.
Saturday Review
Science and Government Report
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Soap, Cosmetics and Chemical Specialties
South African Medical Journal
-5-
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TAPPI
Text. Chem. Color.
Text. World
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry
Textile Chemist and Colorist
Textile World
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Water Res.
Water and Wastes Eng.
Wood & Wood Prods.
WHO
Water Research
Water and Wastes Engineering
Wood and Wood Products
World Health Organization
Zentbl. ArbMed. Arbschutz.
Zentralblatt Fuer Arbeitsmedizin und
Arbeitsschutz
-6-
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Ref. No.*
SUBJECT INDEX
17-0001
17-0002
5-0010
12-0001
18-0043
25-0001
15-0001
20-0001
17-0003
11-0001
16-0001
23-0001
24-0001
18-0001
19-0001
3-0002
18-0002
7-0001
23-0002
24-0001
1-0001
24-0001
10-0002
25-0031
18-0001
19-0001
14-0017
3-0004
4-0001
4-0002
19-0002
14-0001
10-0001
3-0003
9-0001
26-0001
13-0001
3-0001
14-0002
1-0002
4-0003
20-0002
10-0009
4-0056
14-0049
14-0035
20-0052
* 9-0014
7-0021
23-0018
*24-0015
*21-0008
9-0018
7-0023
*15-0027
*26-0007
*24-0014
*14-0015
7-0023
*15-0027
2-0019
18-0041
9-0044
2-0058
12-0005
5-0054
9-0056
17-0057
4-0050
15-0038
4-0046
17-0049
15-0055
7-0062
5-0026
ACETONITRILE, Intramolecular hydrogen bonding
ACETONITRILE, toxlclty of bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile to frog tadpoles
6-ACETOXY-2,4-DIMETHYL-m-DIOXANE, carcinogen In rats
2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE, OSHA emergency standard In effect
ACOUSTIC SURVEYS may locate suspended particulate matter in ocean
ACRYLONITRILE, and other chemicals, toxic effects under study by various chemical companies
ACRYLONITRILE, astronomers report its presence in interstellar space
ACRYLONITRILE, big-volume hazardous commodity under study re new chemical transportation rules
ACRYLONITRILE, capacity and market share for 1974 and 1978 for seven major petroleum companies
ACRYLONITRILE, component of two new modifiers for epoxy, polyester and urethane resins
ACRYLONITRILE, demand for in fiber use has dropped
ACRYLONITRILE, engineering and cost study of air pollution control in manufacture of
ACRYLONITRILE, FDA clears it for use in soft-drink bottles
ACRYLONITRILE, grafting copolymer for wood fibers
ACRYLONITRILE, growth rates of lOZ/yr or more predicted for next 10 or more years
ACRYLONITRILE, hazards to animals
ACRYLONITRILE, influence of cation on the electropolymerization of
ACRYLONITRILE, inhalation effects, rabbits
ACRYLONITRILE, long-term exposure effects study to be conducted by Manufacturing Chemists
Association for eight companies
ACRYLONITRILE, marine pollutant
ACRYLONITRILE, migration into bottled soft drinks seen as not likely
ACRYLONITRILE, migration problem in food-contact articles raises question of potential health
hazard
ACRYLONITRILE, mortality experience of workers exposed to low levels of it in an industrial vinyl
chloride environment
ACRYLONITRILE, new copolymer may be adsorbent material for diapers and surgical dressings or
thickening agent in cosmetics and oil-well drilling muds
ACRYLONITRILE, new uses (tertiary oil recovery, barrier resins, etc.) indicate demands for
acrylonltrile exceeding current world capacity
ACRYLONITRILE, not currently considered a potential hazard as a marine pollutant
ACRYLONITRILE, potential aquatic environmental hazard in spills
ACRYLONITRILE, production
production capacity of Monsanto's U.S. facilities to more than double to over one
billion Ibs/yr
production for December 1974 was much lower than for December 1973 but year's
total production was slightly higher than 1973
production increase should result from new Monsanto ammonia plant
replacement of by pitch in graphite fiber production
spill hazards and management
structure-activity relationships for ulcerogenic effects
test program to start for study of Its potential biological hazards
toxlclty and biochemical effects, rat
U.S. exports increased in 1974
uses and production
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE:
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE,
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE,
ACRYLONITRILE, world-wide demand of 11,000 million pounds predicted by end of 1979
ACRYLONITRILE/VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE (MODACRYLIC) FIBERS, flame retardant
N-ACYLIMIDAZOLES, new class of perborate activators for laundry bleaching
ADHESIVE POLYMERS AND SOLVENTS, markets may decline because of legislation against solvent-based
adhesives
ADHESIVES, price label backings may be cause of asthma among meat-wrapping personnel
ADIPONITRILE CARBONATE, new chemical compound reacts with hydroxyl and amlno groups to yield
urethanes and ureas, respectively
AEROSOL AND CLIMATE
AEROSOL FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, research on ozone depletion at high altitudes
AEROSOL SPRAY ADHESIVE, potential mutagen in rats
AEROSOL SPRAYS, only one in 600,000 containers likely to cause danger for consumers
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY, investigating inhalation hazards
AEROSOLS, credited for reducing death rate from asthma
AEROSOLS, effect on furnaces or heat exchangers
AEROSOLS, generated by spray cans atypical cells in sputum of frequent aerosol users
AEROSOLS, new water-based formulations permit use of non-fluorocarbon propellents
AEROSOLS, output in 1974 dropped 6.231 from 1973 level
AEROSOLS, potential effects on climate
AEROSOLS, potential health hazard to beauty shop operators
AEROSOLS, potential source of carcinogens
AEROSOLS, production and uses
AEROSOLS, responsible for limited visibility in California
AFLATOXINS, health hazards reviewed
AIR CONTAMINANTS, sampling, Texas
AIR POLLUTANTS, analytical techniques for identification and measurement of those generated in
textile processing
AIR POLLUTANTS, effect on white fabrics
AIR POLLUTANTS, travelling from urban to rural areas
AIR POLLUTION, control In textile finishing operations
AIR POLLUTION, deaths and health hazards
AIR POLLUTION, effects on the structure and function of temperate forest ecosystems
AIR POLLUTION, health hazards and cost effects, NAS
AIR POLLUTION, new concepts in research
AIR POLLUTION, social, economic, and health effects
AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS, court finding spells need for specificity of monitoring procedures
ALKYLATING AGENTS, carcinogenic activity
*Number preceding the hyphen identifies the CATS Biweekly Report; number following the hyphen Identifies
the abstract within the report.
-7-
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Ref. No.
23-0007 ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE, suggested deterrent for addition to aerosol sprays to prevent "sniffing"
4-0015 ALUMINA TRIBYDRATE, flame retardants, production
1-0047 ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, air pollutants
* 3-0016 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, New Mexico
17-0041 AMINE COMPOUNDS, potential carcinogens and mutagens from hair dyes
7-0030 AMMONIA FROM COAL, feedstock requirements
7-0031 AMMONIA FROM COAL, economic breakaway point
4-0015 AMMONIUM FLUOBORATE, 'flame retardant
11-0008 AMMONIUM SULFATE, flame retardant effects on particulates from wood fires
11-0033 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION, for detection of chlorine in water or wastewater and of trace metals
in water
25-0004 ANTIMONY, analytical media for airborne particulates
25-0003 ANTIMONY, trace element in ASTM type A jet fuel
4-0016 ANTIMONY OXIDE, flame retardant, availability
5-0013 ANTIMONY OXIDE, flame retardant for cotton/modacrylic blend fabrics
9-0020 ANTIMONY OXIDES, -in short supply
4-0015 ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, flame retardants, production
25-0025 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, modeling dynamics of biological and chemical components of
14-0050 AQUATIC HERBICIDES, control of water weeds
14-0050 AQUATIC HERBICIDES, potential effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms
20-0066 AQUATIC LIFE, effects of chemicals on
4-0036 ARC-COAL-ACETYLENE, potential feedstock for vinyl chloride
5-0042 ARENE OXIDES, relevancy to cytotoxiclty and carcinogenic!ty of aromatic compounds
* 4-0009 AROMATIC AMINES, carcinogens
17-0004 AROMATIC AMINES, new studies on occupational carcinogenlclty
24-0045 AROMATIC POLYESTER PLASTICS, new resins offer attractive mechanical, electrical, wear, and
high-temperature properties
2-0003 ARSENIC, absorption by humans
21-0001
13-0004 ARSENIC, alleged carcinogen, faces tough OSHA workplace exposure standards
16-0002 ARSENIC, among examples of potentially hazardous chemicals cited as need for passage of toxic
substances control bill
25-0006 ARSENIC, among potentially hazardous chemicals for which chemical industry is developing computer-
based health files
9-0002 ARSENIC, analysis
8-0005 ARSENIC, analysis in biological fluids
2-0004 ARSENIC, analysis in hair
3-0011 ARSENIC, analysis in natural waters
5-0004 ARSENIC, analysis in soils
1-0004 ARSENIC, analysis In water
18-0004 ARSENIC, analysis of micropollutants in ground and surface waters
25-0004 ARSENIC, analytical media for airborne particulates
15-0006 ARSENIC, analytical procedure for determining content of in fish and shellfish tissue
9-0004 ARSENIC, analytical techniques for determination in fly ash
15-0004 ARSENIC, analytical techniques for measuring and monitoring in water supplies
18-0006 ARSENIC, approximately 1.5 million workers exposed to Inorganic, potential carcinogen
9-0003 ARSENIC, aquatic ecosystem
4-0005 ARSENIC, biliary excretion
3-0005 ARSENIC, bioavallability, fish
3-0012 ARSENIC, biological conversion to toxic products in air and water
15-0002 ARSENIC, biological cycle
13-0005 ARSENIC, biological hazard and potential carcinogen
15-0002 ARSENIC, biological methylation of in the environment
3-0012 ARSENIC, biomagnificatlon
3-0008 ARSENIC, carcinogen in humans
1-0007 ARSENIC, carcinogenicity of
9-0002 ARSENIC, chemistry and toxicology
10-0003 ARSENIC, clinical, toxlcological and pathological effects on pigs fed arsanillc acid in diet
3-0007 ARSENIC, commercial production In U.S.
15-0003 ARSENIC, concept of formal oxidation numbers in biological cycle could lead to misleading
application
9-0005 ARSENIC-CONTAMINATED ORES, and arsenic in fossil fuels, potential sources of arsine
26-0004 ARSENIC, contamination of well water from 30-year old buried waste hospitalizes several people
9-0002 ARSENIC, cultural contributions to the environment
16-0006 ARSENIC, despite conflicting evidence, consensus is that arsenic is a lung carcinogen
2-0002 ARSENIC, detection In air, water, biological media
21-0002 ARSENIC, detection in paints by X-ray fluorescence systems
11-0002 ARSENIC, determination of trace level quantities by novel kinetic method
24-0003 ARSENIC, differentiation of various chemical species of arsenic present in a system under study
possible by use of gas chromatography
9-0003 ARSENIC, distribution, accumulation, and degradation of arsenical herbicide in aquatic ecosystem
19-0003 ARSENIC, distribution of in surface sediments and in sediment cores from Puget Sound
7-0007 ARSENIC, effects of chemical composition on toxicity
15-0060 ARSENIC, effluent from geothermal power plant
7-0003 ARSENIC, elemental composition, airborne particulate
7-0005 ARSENIC, environmental review
9-0004 ARSENIC, environmental significance of as trace element in fly ash from coal-fired plant
18-0003 ARSENIC, evaporation mechanism
16-0004 ARSENIC, exposure hazards of people living near copper smelter
10-0005 ARSENIC, factory fume emissions investigated
6-0001 ARSENIC, fate in rat after l.v. administration
26-0005 ARSENIC, Finnish oil waste now back in storage in Finland after plans to dump it In South
Atlantic were thwarted
1-0006 ARSENIC, health hazard
7-0006 ARSENIC, health hazard to workers
5-0005 ARSENIC, human carcinogen
2-0005 ARSENIC, in food
5-0001 ARSENIC, in hair from open cast metal mining
-8-
-------
Ref. No.
22-0001 ARSENIC, In hard rock ores, as a water polluter
5-0003 ARSENIC, In soils <
15-0004 ARSENIC, in water supplies
16-0004 ARSENIC, increased levels in hair and urine of children living near copper smelter
26-0003 ARSENIC, industrial residues are potential hazard to groundvaters
15-0005 ARSENIC, industrial safety data sheet
15-0007 ARSENIC, industry spokesman terms OSHA standards "ridiculous"
25-0007 ARSENIC, its absorption and its relation to cancer
6-0001 ARSENIC, kinetics of excretion via bile, in rats
1-0001 ARSENIC, marine pollutant
13-0007 ARSENIC, mechanism of arsenate inhibition of the glucose active transport system in Neurospora
crassa
25-0031 ARSENIC, mortality experience of workers exposed to it as well as to vinyl chloride
25-0035 ARSENIC, mortality studies of workers exposed to it as well as to vinyl chloride over long
periods
8-0004 ARSENIC, multiple basal cell carcinoma in the fetal period
5-0005 ARSENIC, new health standard
17-0004 ARSENIC, new studies on occupational carcinogenicity
10-0029 ARSENIC, NIOSH calls for "no detectable limit"
25-0005 ARSENIC, NIOSH lowers workplace exposure to 0.002 mg/cu m air as time-weighted average for
10-hr day
18-0006 ARSENIC, NIOSH now seeks to lower worker exposure limits to 0.002 mg/cu m of air over any
15-minute period
NIOSH recommends no-detectable limit be set for use In the workplace
occupational safety standards
OSHA preparing standard for
OSHA proposes stiff worker-exposure standard for inorganic arsenic compounds
OSHA proposes to reduce exposure limits to maximum of 0.004 mg/cu m with action level
of 0.002 mg/cu m
OSHA to start hearings on proposed standards for exposure to
OSHA workplace exposure standards to be proposed
particulate emissions from ore smelter
PHOSPHORUS relationships in soils
physical properties and uses
poisoning in cattle and associated public health hazards
potential carcinogen to humans
potential cause of lung cancer in Rhodeslan gold miners
potential lung carcinogen for people living' near copper, lead, and zinc smelters
potential lung or lymphatic carcinogen
potential respiratory carcinogen
potential synergistic effect of diethylnitrosamlne in carcinogenicity
potential threat ,to the environment
potentially essential nutrient based on studies with rats
prescribed analytical methods for those discharging pollutants into U.S. waterways
procedures for obtaining NPDES permits for discharge into U.S. waterways
proportionate mortality studies
proposed OSHA standard for exposure to
removal from water and air
researchers argue that no conclusive proof of carcinogenicity of arsenic (compounds)
yet established
respiratory cancer and occupational exposure
Sherwin-Williams eliminates arsenic chemicals plant at Bound Brook, N.J.
South America and Africa protest dumping of wastes into Atlantic off western Africa
by Finnish oil company
spill hazards and management
standards
storage and handling
Sweden dumps large quantities into Gulf of East Bothnia but Finland cannot dump in
South Atlantic
synergistic effects in drinking water
teratogenicity and embryolethallty in rats, hamsters, and mice
to be examined as potential toxic water pollutant
tolerance in plants growing on abandoned arsenic mine
tolerance in poultry liver
toxic and relatively accessible from environmental standpoint
toxicity potential determination via particle size, adsorption, and respiratory
deposition profiles
trace element in ASTM type A Jet fuel
trace element in seawater
use in photovoltaic cells for solar energy
waste disposal
water quality criteria, Florida
water quality criteria, New Jersey
water quality criteria, Ohio
water quality criteria, Texas
water quality criteria, West Virginia
water quality standards, Illinois
water quality standards, Oregon
AND ITS COMPOUNDS, threshold limit values
AND OTHER TOXIC ELEMENTS, marked increase in concentration with decreasing particle
size noted in studies of the chemical composition of fly
ash as a function of particle size
19-0044 ARSENIC AND OTHER VOLATILE TRACE CLEMENTS seen to have cycles very different from those of
nonvolatile elements
9-0002 ARSENIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT, review
10-0006 ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, carcinogenicity study on rats
13-0006 ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, potential carcinogens
21-0001 ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, potential inhalation hazard for forestry workers
8-0003
4-0004
12-0001
13-0006
13-0004
16-0006
8-0003
12-0002
26-0003
15-0005
16-0003
3-0006
13-0003
'26-0002
7-0007
16-0004
10-0006
9-0002
19-0005
19-0004
19-0004
7-0002
13-0005
9-0002
24-0002
7-0002
13-0002
18-0005
9-0001
9-0002
15-0005
26-0005
7-0004
10-0004
16-0005
20-0003
14-0003
15-0002
8-0001
25-0003
7-0003
7-0008
1-0005
4-0006
2-0001
4-0008
3-0013
4-0007
3-0009
5-0002
15-0005
25-0002
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC-]
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC,
ARSENIC i
ARSENIC i
-9-
-------
Ref. No.
23-0003 ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, potential mutagens In bacteria
13-0008 ARSENIC METABOLISM, added areenite In diet and content in rat organs
13-0003 ARSENICAL HYFERKERATOSES of the akin noted in Rhodesian gold miners
15-0045 ARSENICALS, potential liver carcinogens in man
13-0005 ARSINE, not included in proposed OSHA worker exposure standard for inorganic arsenic
9-0005 ARSINE GAS, health hazard
11-0003 ARSINE POISONING, burning of fossil fuels may magnify incidents of
11-0003 AttSINE POISONING, symptoms and treatment
*21-0003 ARYL PHOSPHATES, capacity increase announced by FMC Corp.
* 2-0045 ASBESTOS, acoustic tile installers, hazards
*20-0014 ASBESTOS, adsorption of water and benzene on chrysotile
* 7-0010 ASBESTOS, air pollution regulations for States
* 2-0011 ASBESTOS, air quality levels
* 3-0015 ASBESTOS, air quality standards, Illinois
* 8-0007 ASBESTOS, airborne carcinogen, potential contaminant of food-grade salt
*20-0012 ASBESTOS, alternative plans for disposal of Reserve Mining's taconlte tailings evaluated
* 3-0016 ASBESTOS, ambient air quality standards. New Mexico
M6-0042 ASBESTOS, analysis and monitoring of In food and drugs
* 2-0013 ASBESTOS, analysis by electron microscopy
* 2-0014 ASBESTOS, analysis by microfiltration
*16-0039 ASBESTOS, analysis for in environmental samples
16-0035 ASBESTOS, analysis of amphibole asbestiform fibers In municipal water supplies
*16-0037 ASBESTOS, analysis of mlcroparticles in deep sea sedimentation
*18-0007 ASBESTOS, apparently non-carcinogenic when fed to animals
* 6-0008 ASBESTOS, argument on transmigration of ingested particles through intestinal mucosa in man
*16-0013 ASBESTOS, argument to balance Ill-health from pollutants versus possible resulting poverty
*20-0005 ASBESTOS, background Information on evaluation of occupational exposure to airborne
*16-0007 ASBESTOS, bibliography on all aspects of air and water pollution by
* 6-0010 ASBESTOS, biological effects
"16-0021 ASBESTOS, biological effects of Ingested asbestos (NIEHS-EPA conference proceedings)
* 6-0005 ASBESTOS, biological effects on man and animals
* 1-0009 ASBESTOS, biological hazard
16-0031 ASBESTOS, bodies and fibers in lung tissues
* 2-0009 ASBESTOS, bone marrow effects
* 9-0008 ASBESTOS, burden of proof in environmental legislation
* 2-0010 ASBESTOS, carcinogen
* 4-0009 '
*22-0004 ASBESTOS, carcinogenic effect of low level exposure
15-0012 ASBESTOS, carclnogenlclty Indicated by development of mesothelloma of the pleura in rats
1-0007 ASBESTOS, carclnogenlcity of
* 6-0010 ASBESTOS, carclnogenlclty of fibers related to physical characteristics
12-0004 ASBESTOS-CEMENT pipe for water not a health hazard
16-0022 ASBESTOS, chemical and physical properties and pathological potential of Ingested fibers
*16-0014 ASBESTOS, comments on FDA's proposed notice of restricting use of asbestos filters in manufacture
of parenteral drugs
14-0007 ASBESTOS, company will close mine in Vermont but employees Intend to purchase and have won EPA
extension of deadline for pollution-control equipment
* 5-0007 ASBESTOS-CONTAMINATED TALC, potential carcinogen
16-0016 ASBESTOS, continuous vigilance needed to prevent the spread of occupational asbestos disease
into the general public
20-0008 ASBESTOS, control In steam-electric generating plants
25-0045 ASBESTOS, control of fiber emissions under Regulation Eight in San Francisco Bay Area
21-0005 ASBESTOS, counting fibers by the most probable number method
20-0013 ASBESTOS, current British practices Indicate steady Improvement of work area concentrations
*16-0057 ASBESTOS, cytotoxicity of heated chrysotile
16-0017 ASBESTOS, detection and Identification of by microscopical dispersion staining
16-0034 ASBESTOS, detection and quantltation of chrysotile fibers in water
* 9-0010 ASBESTOS, detection equipment Installed In Lake Michigan
16-0027 ASBESTOS, diffuse diffraction patterns of chrysotile and powdered chrysotile yield structural
information *
16-0064 ASBESTOS, digestive system cancer among workers Inhaling asbestos particles
* 3-0018 ASBESTOS, discovery of asbestiform amphibole fibers In western Lake Superior
16-0070 ASBESTOS, effect of multiple factors In development of cancer
* 7-0014 ASBESTOS, effects of court ruling on company liability for hazards
*16-0067 ASBESTOS,'effects of ingested chrysotile on DNA synthesis in gastrointestinal tract and liver
of the rat
* 2-0010 ASBESTOS, effects of particle size
* 3-0014 ASBESTOS, effluent limitations and guidelines
16-0028 ASBESTOS, electron microscope examination of microparticles
22-0003 ASBESTOS, elimination of, in filtration step for analysis of crude fiber
16-0063 ASBESTOS, epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancer
* 4-0010 ASBESTOS, environment control Impact
* 7-0009 ASBESTOS, environmental detecting equipment for water, land, and air monitoring
* 9-0007 ASBESTOS, EXPOSURE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC FIBROSING PROCESSES, ferruginous bodies, and carcinoma
* 7-0014 ASBESTOS, fatal mesothelloma In Insulation worker
* 8-0006 ASBESTOS-FILLED heat-resistant phenollcs discontinued by UC
* 6-0004 ASBESTOS, formation of giant cells In peritoneal cavity of rats administered crocidollte fibers
12-0004 ASBESTOS, further studies on health effects of fibers and asbestos-cement pipe systems
recommended
* 7-0010 ASBESTOS, hazardous air pollutant per EPA
* 2-0012 ASBESTOS, hazardous effects
* 2-0013 ASBESTOS, hazardous effects of dust
*16-0072 ASBESTOS, health aspects bibliography covering literature from 1960-1974
11-0004 ASBESTOS, health hazards
7-0006 ASBESTOS, health hazard to workers
* 9-0009 ASBESTOS, health hazard to workers and the general public
* 4-0011 ASBESTOS, health hazard to workers' families
* 5-0008
-10-
-------
Ret. No.
*16-0011
*14-0004
*16-0020
*16-0024
*16-0062
*15-0009
*16-0025
* 2-0006
8-0042
* 6-0005
*18-0007
* 7-0013
*16-0040
* 9-0007
*16-0008
*16-0015
*25-0010
*16-0023
*16-0053
*15-0011
* 6-0007
*16-0050
*15-0008
*16-0010
* 3-0017
* 5-0008
*11-0005
*16-0051
* 6-0003
*16-0029
*16-0059
* 8-0008
*19-0007
17-0005
12-0001
*16-0045
*23-0004
*13-0009
*16-0046
* 3-0002
*19-0006
*15-0010
* 6-0011
*25-0008
* 8-0008
*16-0063
* 6-0009
* 6-0010
*16-0044
*14-0006
*16-0041
*16-0055
* 6-0009
* 7-0015
* 2-0007
* 6-0006
* 6-0010
*16-0033
*17-0005
* 7-0012
*17-0005
*17-0005
* 2-0008
*16-0068
*16-0066
*20-0005
*15-0010
*16-0069
*22-0002
*11-0004
* 2-0012
*20-0005
*20-0004
* 6-0002
*16-0042
*20-0011
* 3-0015
* 2-0006
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS-]
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS ,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
ASBESTOS,
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hlstologlcal cell types of lung cancer In workers suffering from asbestosls
Identification and measurement of In water
entification and quantltation of in talc
identification and quantitatlon of microparticles in solid materials in relation to
biological interactions
immunological responses
in drinking water
talc
industrial disease research
industry sales in 1973 highest ever despite strict OSHA standards imposed several
years ago
Influence of physical properties of fibers on biological effects
Ingested fibers apparently do not penetrate tissues in rats
inhalation carcinogenesis, animal studies
inorganic particle content of food and drugs as determined by optical microscopy
Interrelationship of biological responses
interstitial fibrosis association with asbestos fibers detected by electron microscopy
its effect on public health studied under NIEHS funding
its environmental Impact
its geology and its effect on health
Its interaction with alveolar cells
known occupational carcinogen with assigned TLV
1-LIKE FIBERS, potential carcinogens, public health controversy
locating fibers in bowel wall of animals fed asbestos
low dust counts in many British firms reflect industry's effort to improve control
standards
lung function consequences of dust exposure in asbestos cement manufacturing plants
malignant mesothelioma, industrial and domestic cases
membrane carcinogen
mesothelioma resulting from occupational exposure
method for determining relationship between asbestos exposure and development of colon-
rectum cancer
method of sealing crocidolite asbestos deposits in factories to control potential hazard
microscopy methods of particle Identification
monocyte-macrophage reactions in relation to the biological effects of Ingested
asbestos
new FDA analytical techniques may permit detection of small amounts
new processing sequence during fabrication of textile fabrics may help manufacturers
meet OSHA asbestos standards that are to be enforced in July 1976
new studies on occupational carcinogenicity
OSHA preparing standard for
pathological effects of in small animals
physical parameters of airborne fibers found in various industrial environments
penetration through the digestive tract of rats
penetration through the digestive wall in rats
plastics filler, potential toxiclty
possible presence in talc used to coat short-grained rice raises health hazard question
potential carcinogen in water
potential carcinogen to thousands of workers, should be concern of scientists
potential cause of stomach cancer and breast cancer
potential contaminant in table salt; FDA will reply to accusation
potential gastrointestinal carcinogen
potential hazard to smokers
potential health effects from effects of fibers on lymph nodes
potential health hazards still a problem
potential health Impact of inorganic particles of agricultural origin
potential laryngeal and gastrointestinal tract carcinogen
potential lung and intestinal carcinogen
proposed National emission standards
protein adsorption
public health threat vs. local economy
pulmonary and pleural asbestosis
quantitative study of fibrous particles in biological specimens using microfiltration
method
reduction of air emissions from Reserve Mining plant ordered by court because of
potential carcinogenicity
research on potential health hazards of contaminated water, funding
Reserve Mining now under court order to stop its discharges into Lake Superior
Reserve Mining still awaits state approval for on-land disposal system
respiratory effects
review of animals useful for studying bowel cancer
review of cancer (mesothelioma) in population where about 90X are exposed to asbestos
review of inhalation hazard associated with its fibers
review of taconite waste dumped into Lake Superior
risk of mesothelial tumors related to degree and length of exposure to asbestos dust
safe way to manufacture products containing
safety control measures for exposures in mining, milling, and manufacturing
sampling and analysis of in California environment
sampling and analytical methods used in occupational exposure evaluation
sampling and counting procedures recommended for evaluation of occupational exposures
to airborne
selective release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes
sources of contamination of food and drugs by
state-of-art report Issued by 1JC
storage, transport and disposal
studies with nonhuman primates
-11
-------
Ref. Ho.
* 9-0008 ASBESTOS, taconlte tailings dumping case supra proposed legislation to shift burden of proof
In environmental litigation to the defendant
* 7-0011 ASBESTOS, targeted air pollutant per OSHA
*20-0007 ASBESTOS, technological feasibility of the 2 fibers/cc asbestos standard in asbestos textile
facilities
*16-0009 ASBESTOS, the W 27 antigen may be useful marker of an enhanced susceptibility to tissue-
damaging effects of asbestos dust
*20-0004 ASBESTOS, TLV of 5 fibers greater than 5 micrometers In length per milliliter of air estab-
lished by ACGIH in 1974
16-0005 ASBESTOS, to be examined as potential toxic water pollutant
* 5-0007 ASBESTOS, toxic effects
* 3-0015 ASBESTOS, toxic effects and hazards
*16-0065 ASBESTOS, tumorlgenic effect of injected chrysotile and other fibrous dust in experimental
animals
*16-0052 ASBESTOS, use of suitable animals (dogs rather than rats) should Improve chances of learning
about effects of Ingested asbestos on human stomachs
*16-0012 ASBESTOS, Vermont mine now owned by employees may contribute 402 or more to 1975 U.S. production
* 1-0008 ASBESTOS, waste disposal
*14-0005 ASBESTOS, world supply In danger of depletion
*16-0063 ASBESTOS and cigarette smoking, synerglstic effect in producing bronchogenlc cancers In
insulation workers
*10-0007 ASBESTOS and health
*25-0009 ASBESTOS DUST, effect on lipid peroxidation in red blood cells
*25-0009 ASBESTOS DUST, membrane-damaging effects may be due to lipid peroxidation
*16-0061 ASBESTOS FIBER, correlation between tissue response and content of
*16-0061 ASBESTOS FIBER, effect of concentration on lung tissue and mesthelioma development
*16-0030 ASBESTOS FIBER, Identification by a scanning transmission energy analyzing microscope and an
automated microprobe
*16-0032 ASBESTOS FIBERS, and accompanying minerals, investigation and analysis of in biological materials
*16-0026 ASBESTOS FIBERS, approaches and constraints to Identification and quantltation of
* 3-0013 ASBESTOS FIBERS, carcinogenic role
*16-0014 ASBESTOS FIBERS, carcinogens when inhaled In large amounts prompted FDA proposal to ban use of
asbestos filters in manufacture of parenteral drugs
*23-0005 ASBESTOS FIBERS, complete water removal by reverse osmosis
*16-0018 ASBESTOS FIBERS, electron microscopical investigation of
*16-0019 ASBESTOS FIBERS, elemental analysis of by electron probe techniques
*14-0008 ASBESTOS FIBERS, fiber glass as potential substitutes for
*16-0048 ASBESTOS FIBERS, in colonic wall of rats
*16-0056 ASBESTOS FIBERS, modification of biological surface activity of particles by adsorption on
polymers
*16-0055 ASBESTOS FIBERS, penetration Into cells
*16-0043 ASBESTOS FIBERS, potential health hazards of ingestion
*16-0049 ASBESTOS FIBERS, potential gastrointestinal carcinogen
*16-0054 ASBESTOS FIBERS, potential pathogenic and/or cytotoxic effect on cells
*20-0009 ASBESTOS FIBERS, removal from potable water
*16-0054 ASBESTOS FIBERS, response of cell cultures to
"16-0058 ASBESTOS FIBERS, review of fibrogenesls by Inhaling or ingesting of
*16-0071 ASBESTOS MINERALS, their effects on biological systems from standpoint of current and needed
research
17-0025 ASPHALTENES, acid-base structure examined
26-0033 AUTO CATALYSTS, new Du Font series incorporating platinum and palladium in perovsklte crystal
structure can be used even with leaded gasoline
21-0012 AUTOMOBILE OF FUTURE, SRI study indicates long-term need for petroleum-based fuels or very
similar fuels made from synthetic crude derived from oil shale or from
coal
4-0055 AZO INITIATORS, new initiators for unsaturated polyester curing
17-0035 BACTERIAL MUTATION TESTING, pros and cons of merits for screening potential carcinogenic
chemicals
* 4-0009 BENZENE, carcinogen
7-0006 BENZENE, health hazard to worker
21-0033 BENZENE IN GASOLINE, level of benzene vapor in air lower than thought
5-0009 BENZIDINE, carcinogen, adsorbable properties
23-0006 BENZIDINE, carcinogen in man now shown to be mutagen
24-0004 BENZIDINE, dye manufacturers discontinue benzidine-based special dyes because of problems
arising from OSHA regulations
20-0015 BENZIDINE, GLC analysis Judged better than colorlmetric or TLC analysis for determination of
benzidine in ppm range in wastewaters
7-0006 BENZIDINE, health hazard to workers
17-0005 BENZIDINE, new studies on occupational carcinogenlclty
9-0011 BENZIDINE, potential bladder carcinogen
24-0005 BENZIDINE, potential carcinogen
12-0001 BENZIDINE AND ITS SALTS, OSHA emergency standard in effect
*15-0011 BENZIDINE AND ITS SALTS, potential occupational carcinogen without assigned TLV
16-0005 BENZIDINE AND ITS SALTS, under examination by EPA as an established toxic water pollutant
15-0013 BENZIDINE REARRANGEMENT of 1,2-diphenyl hydrazine
15-0014 BENZIDINE REARRANGEMENTS in moderately concentrated aqueous acid
9-0011 BENZIDINE (4,4'-DIAMINOPHENYL), potential bladder carcinogen
11-0034 BENZO[a]PYRENE, potential as carcinogen in seafood less than or comparable to other carcinogens
17-0035 BENZYL (BENZOYL) CHLORIDE, potential carcinogen
17-0004 BENZYL CHLORIDE, reported cause of lung cancer and maxillary malignant lymphoma in Japanese
workers
20-0045 BIOTIC METABOLISM of Northern Hemisphere not yet affected by industrial processes
23-0011 BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER, collection and analysis of in ambient atmospheres
23-0012
-12
-------
Ref. No.
20-0032
8-0021
16-0002
4-0023
19-0018
26-0009
7-0027
3-0032
6-0021
5-0026
23-0011
23-0012
26-0009
20-0030
20-0031
16-0085
21-0011
21-0010
19-0020
7-0006
15-0032
15-0030
15-0028
*15-0011
2-0024
3-0002
5-0024
5-0025
9-0021
15-0030
15-0029
26-0009
7-0025
7-0023
7-0023
26-0001
21-0010
21-0010
21-0011
20-0029
19-0019
19-0018
19-0018
17-0002
* 7-0039
9-0042
9-0042
5-0018
2-0011
16-0073
8-0009
*15-0015
9-0012
15-0016
22-0006
22-0005
8-0009
19-0004
19-0004
5-0018
7-0008
3-0003
3-0010
5-0002
*16-0077
4-0015
25-0012
25-0011
17-0006
5-0019
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER, eliminated as intermediate in surfactants by Rohm & Haas after
10 ppb found in plant effluent
BIS(CHLOROETHYL) ETHER, trace chemical in drinking water implicated in cancer-related studies
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, among examples of potentially hazardous chemicals cited as need for
passage of toxic substances control bill
BI.S (CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, analysis
BIS(CHLOROMETHYI.) ETHER, averages 2 ppb in textile samples but effects on humans at levels
found are not yet known
BIS(CHLOROMETHYI.) ETHER, can be formed from reaction of formaldehyde with hydrogen chloride
and in other chemical reactions
BIS(CHLOROMETHYI) ETHER, carcinogen, possible chemical reactants
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, carcinogen, possible presence in industries using formaldehyde
(textile, paper, leather tanning, drycleaning)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, carcinogenic information
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, carcinogenicity in mice and rats
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, collection and analysis of in ambient atmospheres
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER,
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER,
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS (CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)
BIS (CHLOROMETHYL)
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
ETHER,
contaminant of chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME), is potential lung
carcinogen
detection and estimation in air by gas chromatography-high resolution
mass spectrometry
detection in air at the ppb level by gas-liquid chromatography
detection of in textile-finish-plants of this potential carcinogen
detection technique
effects on animals and humans
hazards in formaldehyde-containing acrylic emulsions in nonwoven
industry
health hazard to workers
inhalation carcinogenicity in rats and hamsters
inhalation carcinogenicity studies on animals
known carcinogen, may be formed in textile finishing operations in the
presence of chlorides
known occupational carcinogen with assigned TLV
lung carcinogen '
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, possible formation of in stomach from hexamethylene tetramine
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential carcinogen in humans
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential carcinogen in man and animals
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential carcinogen may be hazard to workers in many fields
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential for in situ generation in human body
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential hazard in beauty shops
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential hazardous reaction with formaldehyde in beauty salons
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential human respiratory carcinogen
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential lung carcinogen ^
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential short-term as well as long-term hazard
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, rapid hydrolysis apparently responsible for non-detection of in anion
exchange resin in aqueous solution
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, synthesis of polyfluoroethers
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, textile companies warned by American Textile Manufacturers Institute
of possibility of formation of this 'carcinogen in textile finishing
processes when formaldehyde resins are used in presence of chlorides
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, trend to use of lower free formaldehyde resins lessens chance of
formation in presence of chlorides (as catalysts) in textile finishing
operations
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, use of chloride-free catalyst in textile finishing process eliminates
possibility of formation
BIS(P-CHLOROPHENYL)ACETONITRILE (p,p'-DDCN), toxicity to frog tadpoles
BISMUTH OXYCHLORIDE pearlescent pigment offers resistance to UV light without UV absorbers
BLACKLIGHT, potential toxlgen, mutagen and carcinogen
BLACKLICHT, toxic photoproduct is lethal to mammalian cells
BORATES, flame retardants for mattresses
BORON, air quality levels
BORON, analysis for trace levels by ion-exchange-hollow cathode emission
BORON, analysis in sea water
BORON, analysis of trace amounts in water
BORON, analytical method for determination of in water
BORON/CHLORINITY ratio in Baltic sea water
BORON, effect on dental caries in the rat
BORON, effect on forage grass
BORON, potential hazard to marine life
BORON, prescribed analytical methods for those discharging pollutants into U.S. waterways
BORON, procedures for obtaining NFDES permits for discharge into U.S. waterways
BORON-TREATED COTTON BATTING, mattress flame retardancy
BORON, use in photovoltaic cells for solar energy
BORON, use in reinforced plastics
BORON, water quality criteria, Texas
BORON, water quality standards, Oregon
BROMIDES, pollutants from plastic manufacturing and crop fumigation destroy ozone effectively
enough to have potential in war weapon use
BROMINATED AROMATICS, flame retar'dants, production
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, comparison of environmental data with data on polychlorlnated blphenyls
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, industry's decision to restrict sales of polybrominated blphenyls
contributed to report by NAS on revamping of chemical controls
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, photoreactivity
BROMINATED COMPOUNDS, mechanisms of flame retardancy
-13-
-------
Ref. No.
. 15-0022 BROMINATED CYCLIC COMPOUND in new flame retardant for apparel fabrics deemed safe following
toxicologlcal tests
12-0022 BROMINATED CYCLIC COMPOUND is basis for new fire retardant system for polyester/celluloslc
blends
8-0015 BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS, market potential
4-0014 BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS, production
24-0006 BROMINE, non-destructive neutron activation analysis for determination of organically bound
non-polar bTomine
*16-0076 BROMINE, potential cause of ozone depletion in stratosphere via bromide-containing aerosol
*18-0012 BROMINE, potential hazard in stratosphere
*13-0020 BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE, toxicologic and physiologic effects on cats
*20-0049 BUTYL GLYCOLYL BUTYL PHTHALATE, toxicity in human cell cultures
17-0060 BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE, potential protective agent against cancer and age retarder in mice
4-0055 2-t-BUTYLAZO-2-CYANOBUTANE, new cure initiator, polyesters
4-0055 1-5-BUTYLAZO-l-CYANOCYCLOHEXANE, new cure initiator, polyesters
4-0055 2-t-BUTYLAZO-2-OYANOPROPANE, new cure initiator, polyesters
22-0039 CADMIUM, eoidemiologlcal survey, Houston, Texas
10-0028 CANCER, chemical process industries concerned about screening and risk, level of potential
unidentified carcinogens
20-0063 CANCER, NCI maps analyze cancer mortality rates by geographic areas in U.S.
10-0029 CANCER, NIOSH pressing for stiffer standards for chemicals in the workplace, plus public alerting
25-0042 CANCER MORTALITY IN U.S., geographic analysis for 1950-1969
21-0030 CANCER RESEARCH, chemical companies may open up their medical files for cooperative NCI-industry
effort
26-0015 CARBARYL, degradation by marine microorganisms
11-0030 CARBON BLACK, potential carcinogen
11-0030 CARBON BLACK, rubber companies refute claim of its potential carclnogenicity
19-0044 CARBON DIOXIDE, increase in earth's biomass due to CO. given off from burning of fossil fuel
*24-0013 CARBON DIOXIDE, potential beneficiary of chlorofluorocarbon controversy as an aerosol propellant
with some manufacturers probably beginning full-line production using CO. before
end of 1975
16-0117 CARBON DISULFIDE, toxicity in humans .
5-0020 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, fire extinguishing agent, toxicity
7-0059 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, potential carcinogen in drinking waters
6-0048 CARCINOGEN, definition by EPA
8-0003 CARCINOGENS, according to NIOSH all carcinogens should have a single no-detectable limit
9-0055 CARCINOGENS, economical screening techniques under development
10-0020 CARCINOGENS, in vitro testing of potentially hazardous environmental chemicals
2-0015 CARCINOGENICITY TESTS, ethyleneimine
2-0015 CARCINOGENICITY TESTS, B-propiolactone
19-0039 CATIONIC COATING COLORS, hazards to fish from disposal of
8-0047 CERIUM(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATE),, possible alternative for tetraethyllead, may
have adverse effects on car catalytic con-
verters and engines
10-0039 CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS, proposed methods for establishing a "safe" exposure level
25-0011 CHEMICAL CONTROLS, National Academy of Sciences' report reviews decision making processes for
regulating chemicals In the environment
7-0006 CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, occupational hazards
20-0001 CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION HAZARDS, federal regulations review
3-0066 CHEMICAL WASTE DUMPING, potential cancer hazard
16-0119 CHEMICALS, burden of proving safe rests most likely with the producer
22-0042 CHEMICALS, evaluating in the environment
15-0042 CHEMICALS, NIOSH seeks background Information for setting work-place exposure standards for
16 chemicals
* 9-0006 CHIRAL 0-2-BUTYL ETHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOIC ACID, absolute configuration
26-0034 CHLORDANE, potential carcinogenic pesticide may be suspended by EPA, thus prohibiting further
manufacture and distribution
17-0045 CHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, potential health hazards
*18-0010 CHLORINATED ETHYLENES, potential source of phosgene and other harmful air pollutants
*18-0010 CHLORINATED ETHYLENES, potentially harmful drycleaning compounds
*18-0010 CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBONS, debate on possible effect on protective stratospheric ozone continues
7-0024 CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBONS, potential atmospheric hazard
10-0043 CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, detection in drinking water raises question of chlorination as
disinfecting technique
26-0037 CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton
* 5-0006 CHLORINATED ORGANIC/PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, flame retardants
9-0048 CHLORINATED POLYHERICS, smoke particulates transport HCL, potential cause of pulmonary edema
10-0043 CHLORINATION AS WATER DISINFECTANT, controversy over use
10-0044 CHLORINATION AS WATER DISINFECTANT, pros and cons, possible alternative methods
*18-0011 CHLORINE, earth satellite will monitor in stratosphere
*18-0012 CHLORINE, questions continue to rise on amount and effects of free chlorine in stratosphere
12-0034 CHLORINE, reactions in water
4-0015 CHLORINE-BROMINE PRODUCTS, flame retardants, production
26-0025 CHLOROACETALDEHYDE, mutagenicity studies
26-0025 CHLOROACETIC ACID, mutagenicity studies
3-0002 2-CHLORO-l,3-BUTADIENE, liver carcinogen
24-0033 2-CHLOROBUTADIENE, mutagenic effect noted in bacteria
13-0055 2-CHLOROBUTADIENE, potential carcinogen
* 9-0013 CHLOROCARBONS, contributors of halocarbon chlorine entering stratosphere
23-0013 CHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN, contaminant in commercial hexachlorobenzene
23-0013 CHLORODIBENZOFURAN, contaminant in commercial hexachlorobenzene
26-0025 CHLOROETHANOL, mutagenicity studies
17-0016 a-CHLOROETHER ANESTHETIC, potential carcinogen
*25-0013 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON, sources of environmental contamination
4-0020 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, atmospheric hazards
4-0021
-14-
-------
Ref. No.
*22-0008
*13-0014
*19-0011
*18-0013
*10-0012
*13-001A
26-0006
*23-0010
*16-0076
*10-0012
*25-0013
*23-0010
*24-0016
*19-0010
3-0031
2-0020
*18-0019
*18-0009
*19-0011
3-0012
4-0019
8-0019
6-0016
8-0019
3-0012
*17-0014
*24-0007
22-0041
7-0059
*19-0016
6-0021
26-0001
4-0023
5-0026
20-0031
5-0025
15-0011
15-0031
15-0030
3-0002
15-0030
15-0029
26-0001
3-0026
3-0031
17-0005
13-0055
15-0049
17-0035
17-0004
17-0004
*16-0084
6-0015
24-0044
25-0041
5-0065
* 4-0009
*16-0067
26-0036
19-0022
19-0027
8-0034
18-0022
18-0021
22-0012
11-0010
19-0030
12-0014
20-0038
8-0031
1-0018
17-0024
20-0039
10-0018
16-0089
14-0021
19-0024
19-0026
3-0044
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
CHLOROFLUOROETHANES,
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANE,
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANE,
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANE,
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES
ban on use as propellents In Oregon
chlorine-ozone reactions labelled speculative at this time
clarification of calculations on stratospheric effects of
dangers from use as propellants In aerosol sprays not seen great enough
to warn consumers against their use
economic Impact of possible ban on their production
Impact of production
may be only minor source of stratospheric chlorine
Oregon passes first law banning sale of aerosol products propelled by
ozone depletion of stratosphere
potential health and other environmental hazards
restrictions on production and use in U.S. would partly reduce, but not
end, possible destruction of stratospheric
S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. (Johnson Wax) has stopped using chlorofluorocarbon
propellants in its products
use as propellants in insecticides now relatively limited
with C-H bond (like FC-22) or C=C bond react with OH radicals in lower
atmosphere and are destroyed, unlike chlorofluoromethanes
new production process
global threat
predictions of effects on ozone show delay of 10 to 20 years
two bills introduced in Congress to study ozone/fluorocarbon issue and/or
limit production and import
, atmospheric effects
, atmospheric hazards
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, ban on use requested
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, potential atmospheric hazard
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, production figures
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, skin carcinogens
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, study to assess probable effects on stratospheric ozone
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, used at double their 1972 rate could cause 15! reduction in total ozone
content of the atmosphere
CHLOROFORM, degradability of
CHLOROFORM, potential carcinogen in drinking waters
CHLOROHEXAFLUOROBUTENE, degradation product of halothane causes central lobular necrosis and other
effects in monkeys and rats
CHLOROMETHYL ETHER, its production can produce bis-chloromethyl ether, a carcinogen
CHLOROMETHYL ETHERS, mortality patterns among workers exposed to
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, analysis
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, carcinogenicity in mice and rats
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, detection in air at the ppb level by gas-liquid chromatography
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, health hazard
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, high potency tumor-inducing substance in animals
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, inhalation carcinogenicity in rats and hamsters
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, inhalation carcinogenicity studies on animals
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, lung carcinogen
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, potential carcinogen in human
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, potential carcinogen in humans and animals
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, potential human respiratory carcinogen
CHLOROPENTAFLUOROETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
CHLOROPENTAFLUOROETHANE, new production process
CHLOROPRENE, DuPont/NIOSH studying potential carcinogenicity of
CHLOROPRENE, potential carcinogen
CHLOROPRENE, skin and lung cancer in workers reported by Soviets
CHLOROPRENE, to be included in carcinogen bioassay program of National Cancer Institute
1-CHLORO-2-2-2-TRIFLUOROETHYL, DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of
CHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE POLYMERS, chemically-resistant containers for high purity chemicals
CHROMATE PIGMENT DUSTS, potential lung carcinogens
CHROMATE PIGMENTS, potential bronchial carcinogens
CHROMATES, mutagenlcity in bacteria
CHROME COMPOUNDS, carcinogens
CHRYSOTILE, effects of ingestion on gastrointestinal tract and liver of the rat
CLIMATIC CHANGE, anticipated CO.-induced warming trend may change global precipitation
COAL, conversion to low-Btu fuel gas under study by GE
COAL, fluidized bed gasification
COAL, gasification and liquefaction are main conversion processes of future
COAL, in situ gasification technology now looks more favorable
COAL, methods for converting to liquid fuel
COAL, production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
COAL, pyrolysis in a fluidized bed with an induction plasma
COAL, slurry feeding of coal gasifiers
COAL, technical and economic potential of distillate fuels from
COAL-TO-SUBSTITUTE FUEL INDUSTRY some 10 years away for U.S. with estimated cost set at
$30 billion
COAL, underground extraction as a liquid to be tried
COAL GASIFICATION
COAL GASIFICATION, American Natural Gas System plans 91-bllllon-cu. ft/yr. plant near Beulah, N.D.
COAL GASIFICATION, British and Russian technology to be made available in U.S.
COAL GASIFICATION, combined with electrical power could be economical
COAL GASIFICATION, computer simulation of emissions
COAL GASIFICATION, contract calls for pilot plant producing clean, low-Btu gas from variety of
coals
COAL GASIFICATION, description of Koppers-Totzek process
COAL GASIFICATION, engineering problems (in Synthane process)
COAL GASIFICATION, environmental considerations
-15-
-------
Ref. No.
20-0037
20-0040
14-0023
16-0088
9-0032
16-0094
24-0018
12-0013
2-0028
10-0017
11-0015
11-0016
9-0031
5-0035
8-0032
2-0029
6-0025
9-0005
17-0022
24-0021
24-0019
11-0011
3-0045
11-0013
20-0040
11-0014
17-0023
8-0033
19-0029
6-0024
6-0026
24-0020
19-0028
10-0016
6-0023
5-0033
5-0031
5-0032
17-0025
19-0025
7-0035
4-0030
7-0032
11-0012
4-0028
9-0029
7-0034
21-0012
4-0029
14-0020
16-0093
13-0024
13-0023
16-0090
3-0046
7-0033
19-0031
9-0027
14-0022
13-0022
19-0023
19r,0034
14-0019
9-0028
9-0028
17-0020
14-0019
17-0021
9-0030
14-0019
11-0010
18-0042
COAL GASIFICATION, environmental impact study
COAL GASIFICATION, essentially no gaseous emissions of cyanides, ammonia or hydrogen chloride
to the atmosphere using Lurgl process
COAL GASIFICATION, for production of ammonia
COAL GASIFICATION, for production of methyl alcohol
COAL GASIFICATION, fracture of coal seams aid process of in-sltu gasification
COAL GASIFICATION, fundamental information on various aspects
COAL GASIFICATION, GEGAS process for production of low-Btu gas operates on a wide range of coals
COAL GASIFICATION, in-sltu combustion study Indicates environmental problems
COAL GASIFICATION, market study
COAL GASIFICATION, molten salt process pilot plant
COAL GASIFICATION, new nonpolluting process
COAL GASIFICATION, part of plans for new economic-growth push in Gillette, Wyoming
COAL GASIFICATION, pilot plant construction delayed by Exxon for economic reasons
COAL GASIFICATION, pilot plant progress at Conoco
COAL GASIFICATION, planned SNG plant costs soar to over $500 million with 13Z covering cost of
environmental control
COAL GASIFICATION, pollution control regulations
COAL GASIFICATION, possible environmental considerations
COAL GASIFICATION, potential health hazard via arslne generation
COAL GASIFICATION, potential source of benzene '
COAL GASIFICATION, potentially-harmful phenolic products found in waste water discharged from
Synthane experiments
COAL GASIFICATION, power plants of future that gasify coal in a combined cycle expected to
recover minerals
GASIFICATION, process description and evaluation
GASIFICATION, processing developments
GASIFICATION, review of promising processes
GASIFICATION, single national SO. standard seen as not equitably applicable
GASIFICATION, survey of techniques
GASIFICATION, synthesis gas from may prove basis of economical and attractive process for
manufacture of ethylene glycol
GASIFICATION, technology evaluation
GASIFICATION, U-Gas process eliminates sulfur emission problem
GASIFICATION, underground, environmental safety unresolved
GASIFICATION, via molten-salt gasification process
GASIFICATION, water reuse systems designed to prevent environmental damage
GASIFICATION, Westlnghouse fluidized bed process
GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, alternative processes for energy needs
GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, from nuclear byproduct heat
GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, policy analysis for development
GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, research and development evaluation
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
COAL
LIQUEFACTION, asphaltenes are key intermediates In conversion of coal to oil
LIQUEFACTION, at pilot plant level
LIQUEFACTION, control of SNG pollution possible with existing technology
LIQUEFACTION, demonstration plant
LIQUEFACTION, environmental and process publications announced
LIQUEFACTION, environmental factors and treatment methods for solid, liquid and gaseous
effluents
LIQUEFACTION, environmental Impact
LIQUEFACTION, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis not attractive for gasoline production; may have
Interest for short-chain olefins or naphtha substitutes
LIQUEFACTION, Gulf Research plans for production and environmental protection
LIQUEFACTION, may yield 4 million bbl/day of oil by year 2000 with great national effort
and capital expenditures of $32 billion
LIQUEFACTION, new process from UOP
LIQUEFACTION, new process permits use of previously oil-fired burners and reduces soot in
flue gas
LIQUEFACTION, new Sasol II facility planned in South Africa is feasible there but cost-
prohibitive in U.S.
LIQUEFACTION, plant design (Project Seacoke)
LIQUEFACTION, process description (Project Seacoke)
LIQUEFACTION, process development unit plant to test "Synthoil" technology to be operated
by Bethlehem Steel Corp.
LIQUEFACTION, processes
LIQUEFACTION, state-of-art study
LIQUEFACTION, Synthoil process
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, Coalcon's proposed process description
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, costs and feasibility of SASOL-type process
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, demonstration plant by Coalcon Co. could provide boiler
fuels for 1000-Mw electricity generating station in 1980"s
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, description of Project COED pilot plant
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, hoped-for 1985 production goals not likely because of
technical problems
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, impact of environmental regulations on
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, in situ processes deemed more economical and environmentally
advantageous than surface methods
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, need seen for development of low-cost, efficient technologies
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, not economical source of feedstocks in near future
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, potential air and water pollutants from
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, pros and cons of economics of chemicals from compared to
petroleum and natural gas based processes
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, two coal feed injection systems may solve some process
problems
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, typical processes under development
PROCESSING, bibliography
TAR PITCH VOLATILES, potential carcinogens for coke oven workers
-16-
-------
Ref. No.
20-0044 COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS, guidebook
5-0027 COED(CHAR-OIL-ENERGY-DEVELOPMENT) PROCESS, progress
5-0019 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, hazards associated with
3-0073 COMMODITY SHORTAGES, environmental regulations
5-0027 CONSOL SYNTHETIC FUEL PROCESS, development
22-0039 COPPER, epidemiological survey, Houston, Texas
23-0022 COPPER-NICKEL TUBING corroded by salt water blamed for killing abalone
* '5-0006 CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant
* 6-0003 CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS, control of in factories
* 6-0004 CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS FIBERS, formation of giant cells in rat peritoneal cavity
17-0042 CYCLAMATES, potential carcinogenicity now under review
15-0052 DDT, potential ocean contaminant
25-0012 DECABROMODIPHENYL OXIDE, evaluation of as a flame-retardant chemical
25-0012 DECABROMODIPHENYL OXIDE, review of Its chemical/physical properties, toxicology, and environ-
mental effects
26-0001 DECABROMODIPHENYL OXIDE, toxicology of
2-0048 DECHLORANE, unrecognized marine pollutant
15-0050 DEEP-SEA MINING, potential ecological disturbance
3-0002 DIALKYL PHTHALATES, plastics component, potential toxicity
9-0047 DIALKYLHYDRAZINES, remote-acting carcinogen
10-0005 DI-(4-AMINO-3-CHLOROPHENYL)METHANE (MOCA), field tests for determining in factory atmospheres
11-0008 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, flame retardant effects on particulates from wood fires
16-0075 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, effect on emissions from slash burning (pine fuel beds)
11-0006 3,3'-DIBROMO BIPHENYL, optical properties
5-0066 l,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE, Dow production planned
11-0006 2,2'-DIBROMO-4,4-DICARBOXY BIPHENYL, optical properties
16-0121 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE, genetic effects
*18-0015 1,1-DIBROMOETHYLENE, short-term inhalation toxicity in rats
16-0121 1,3-DIBROMOPROPANE, genetic effects
3-0021 DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE, toxicity
3-0021 DIBROMOTRIFLUORETHANE, potential fire control agent
3-0021 DIBROMOTRIFLUOROETHANE, toxicity
* 7-0041 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE, toxic effects on shrimp egg hatching
11-0007 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, court rules "record" supports carcinogenicity potential
*15-0011 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, high potency tumor-inducing substance in animals
7-0028 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, OSHA standards challenged on lack of evidence re human carcinogenicity
24-0005 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, potential carcinogen
16-0074 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, potential carcinogen in rats
12-0001 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE AND SALTS, OSHA emergency standard In effect
6-0018 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, biotransformation in Beagles and man
*21-0007 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FLUOROCARBON-12), causes drowsiness, sluggishness and tremors in animals
at concentration of 20X
3-0026 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
6-0019 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, kinetics of uptake and elimination in Beagles and man
3-0029 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, oral toxicology
5-0026 2,3-DICHLORO-P-DIOXANE, carcinogenic activity
16-0121 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, genetic effects
3-0026 DICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
*21-0007 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE(FLUOROCARBON-114) causes'drowsiness, sluggishness, tremors, and even
death in animals at concentrations of 20X
3-0026 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
3-0031 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, new production process
10-0041 DICHLORVOS, review of safety and use
* 1-0022 2,2-DIETHOXYACETOPHENONE, light absorber ,
5-0026 DIETHYL-B-Y-EPOXY-PROPYLPHOSPHONATE, carcinogenic activity
*17-0030 DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE, analytical procedure for analysis of in animal tissue
*12-0016 DI-U-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, apparently safe plasticizer for food packaging use
*12-0019 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, ecological behavior in food chains of laboratory model ecosystem
* 2-0036 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, effect of physical state on toxicological potential
*18-0027 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, effect on heartrate in goldfish
*25-0027 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, effects on the liver of rats
*12-0018 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, in blood and tissues of patients on intravenous therapy
* 5-0040 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, medical devices, potential toxicology
*12-0019 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, metabolism and biomagnification in aquatic organisms
*13-0034 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, metabolism by rats
*12-0018 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, migration from PVC into blood
* 2-0035 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, mutagenic and genetic effects
*23-0016 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, potential cause of lung damage in rats
*12-0018 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, potential toxicity in intravenous therapy
*25-0028 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, soil microorganism utilization of
* 3-0053 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, toxicity
*20-0049 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, toxicity in human cell culture
* 7-0040 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, toxicity potential in plastic devices exposed to blood
*18-0010 DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, potential reducer of photochemical smog
*18-0010 DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE, potentially safer and more effective pollutant control means than are
catalytic converters for autos
* 7-0041 DIETHYLPHTHALATE, toxic effects on shrimp egg hatching
3-0026 DIFLUOROETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
*16-0083 DIFLUOROETHYLENE, ozonolysis products
*18-0015 1,1-DIFLUOROETHYLENE, short-term inhalation toxicity in rats
* 7-0041 DIHEXYL PHTHALATE, toxicity studies re hatching of shrimp eggs
10-0014 DIISOCYANATE, respiratory hazards
26-0013 DIISOCYANATES, catalyzed reactions with alcohols
20-0051 DIISOCYANATES, contribution to flexural properties of polyurethane elastomers
26-0012 DIISOCYANATES, uncatalyzed reactions with alcohols
-17-
-------
Ref. No.
21-0025
5-0010
* 7-0041
6-0050
21-0001
5-0026
* 9-0024
*15-0035
*15-0035
26-0011
*15-0034
*15-0034
26-0010
16-0087
* 1-0014
*12-0016
*25-0028
* 3-0053
* 7-0041
7-0017
12-0005
3-0019
3-0020
5-0010
7-0016
8-0011
8-0012
7-0061
13-0056
5-0055
10-0015
10-0022
10-0014
* 7-0038
* 7-0038
* 7-0038
26-0041
17-0054
8-0021
10-0042
*15-0009
5-0056
17-0029
13-0046
13-0046
13-0045
4-0054
DIKETOPIPERAZINE, breakdown product of aspartame (artificial sweetener) suspected cause of
uterine polyps in .rats
2,6-DIMETHYL-m-DIOXAN-4-OL ACETATE, carcinogen in rats
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE, toxic effects on shrimp egg hatching
4-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE, or methyl yellow, potential carcinogen
DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID, potential health hazard for forestry workers
DIMETHYLCARBAMYL CHLORIDE, carcinogenic activity
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, colon carcinogenesis, rats
DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, colon carcinogenesis study in rats
DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, colonic tumors induced to greater extent in conventional rats than in germ-
free rats
DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, potential pancreatic carcinogen in rabbits
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, liver damage in rats and mice
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, morphological and biochemical effects of, in rats and mice
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZiNE, potential gastrointestinal carcinogen
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, rat colonic tumors induced by
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE HCL, carcinogen
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, apparently safe plasticizer for food packaging use
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, soil microorganism utilization of
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE, toxicity
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, toxicity studies re hatching -of shrimp eggs
DIOXANE, aqueous analysis technique
DIOXANE, infrared reference spectra at OSHA concentration lijnit
DIOXANE, toxicity and carcinogeniclty studies
p-DIOXANE, carcinogen in rats and guinea pigs
1,4-DIOXANE, odor properties
1,4-DIOXANE, toxicity studies, rats
DIOXIN, contaminant of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, cause of animal deaths and human Illness In Missouri
DIOXIN, herbicide contaminant may be linked to "epidemic" of birth defects in Colombia
DIPHENYL OXIDE, dye carrier, environmental and toxlcological data
DIPHENYLMETHANE-4;4'diisocyanate, component of new series of urethane prepolymers
DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE, growing polyurethane market will require more . .
DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE, respiratory hazards
DISODIUM 4,4'-BIS[[4-ANILINO-6-(N-METHYL-2-HYDROXYETHYLAMINO)-1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL]AMINO]STILBENE-
2,2'-DISULFONATE, fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity studies
DISODIUM 4,4'-BIS[(4-ANILINO-6-MORPHOLINO-l,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL)AMINO]STILBENE-2,2'-DISULFONATE,
fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity studies
DISODIUM 4,4'-BIS(2-SULFOSTYRYL)BIPHENYL, fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity studies
DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER, effects on surface charge characteristics of phytoplankton
DISSOLVED OXYGEN PROFILE, new method for predicting in receiving waters
DRINKING WATER, potential carcinogen
DRINKING WATER, questions on mechanisms for production of halogenated organics
DRINKING WATER, review of potential contaminants
DYE CARRIER SOLVENTS, environmental and toxicological data
DYE CARRIERS, environmental guide to selection
DYE RED NO.2, apparently not fetal toxicant
DYE RED NO.2, cleared of fetal toxicity potential but not of carcinogenic potential
DYE RED NO.2, may still be tested for possible carcinogenic properties
DYESTUFFS, ecology and toxicology
20-0043 ECOKINETIC ANALYSIS of chemical residues
3-0068 ECOLOGICAL and toxlcological dyeatuffs association
20-0042 ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS, microorganisms
16-0098 ECOLOGICAL undermining of food systems to be studied by new WorldWatch Institute
5-0018 ECOLOGY, in relation to the textile Industry
22-0014 ECOLOGY, literature list
4-0054 ECOLOGY and toxicology of dyestuffs
22-0015 ECOSYSTEM, forest, symposium on
13-0027 ECOSYSTEM, stochastic model
25-0025 ECOSYSTEMS, aquatic
15-0050 ECOSYSTEMS, effect of deep-sea mining on marine life
7-0037 ECOSYSTEMS, energy flow in human communities
7-0036 ECOSYSTEMS, man as Integral component of
25-0024 ECOSYSTEMS, menhaden kills from coastal power plants
16-0099 ECOSYSTEMS, peatland respiration and decomposition
25-0022 ECOSYSTEMS, stability of complex systems
11-0017 ECOSYSTEMS, structure, function, and management of
3-0063 EDC-TAR, vinyl chloride by-product, microorganism toxicity
3-0060 EDC TARS, vinyl chloride by-product, marine pollutant
21-0013 ELASTOMERS and flammability
26-0021 ENERGY DEVELOPMENT in arid U.S. regions could deplete water supplies and alter the environment
7-0037 ENERGY FLOW in ecology, human biology and social science
4-0025 ENFLURANE, biotransformatlon
*20-0022 ENFLURANE, lower limits of flammability
6-0046 ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS, problems in identifying and controlling numerous compounds produced
6-0045 ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS, problems with pesticides
1-0051 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, Pennsylvania
10-0047 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, Handbook
17-0052 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, International symposium announced
14-0045 ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENIC HAZARDS, mutagenlclty screening
4-0052 ENVIRONMENTAL ODORS, human responses
7-0052 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, sources, health and economic effects, control
5-0067 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTERS, World Directory
6-0051 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, conference proceedings
-18-
-------
Ref. No.
14-0051 ETHYL ALCOHOL, mutagenlcity in mice i
5-0026 ETHYL BROMOACETATE, carcinogenic activity
17-0056 ETHYLENE BROMIDE, not a safe or effective fumlgant for apples
2-0053 ETHYLENE CHLORIDE, potential carcinogen and mutant
*21-0024 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, effects of temperature on fumigant residues
16-0121 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, genetic effects
21-0023 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, hepatoxic potential
*25-0036 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, potential carcinogen
*26-0030 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, potential carcinogen in rats and mice
*21-0023 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, potential stomach carcinogen in rats and probably in mice
19-0037 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, promotes formation of hydrobromic acid in exhaust system of cars, leading
to corrosion of the system
*26-0030 ETHYLENE DIBROKIDE, widely used grain fumigant to be Investigated as potential carcinogen
*26-0031 ETHYLENE DIBROMINE, now being used to combat infestation of mountain pine beetles In several
western states
12-0027 ETHYLENE, market potential viewed in light of demands for styrene, polyvinyl chloride and other
materials
13-0049 ETHYLENE OXIDE CYCLIC TETRAMER, potential toxicity
2-0016 ETHYLENEIMINE, carcinogen
2-0015 ETHYLENEIMINE, carcinogenic testing
*15-0011 ETHYLENEIMINE, high potency tumor-inducing substance in animals
12-0001 ETHYLENEIMINE, OSHA emergency standard in litigation
12-0001 ETHYLENEIMINE, potential carcinogen, OSHA's standard is challenged
5-0011 ETHYLENEIMINE, potential in effluent purification
2-0016 ETHYLENEIMINE, safety standards
17-0008 ETHYLENEIMINE, Supreme Court upholds occupational standards
5-0010 ETHYLENEIMINES, structure relative to mechanism of carcinogeniclty
3-0061 ETHYLENETHIOUREA, carcinogen by-product from 2-Mercaptoimidazoline gaskets
3-0002 ETHYLFLUOROACETATE, intermediate in cancer drug
*14-0031 2-ETHYLHEXANOL AND TEREPHTHALIC ACID, derivative offered as plasticizer for PVC
* 5-0006 2-ETHYLHEXYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant
*19-0010 FC-22 (CHF.C1), possible substitute for FC-12 (CF.C1.) suggested as short-term solution to
current fluoro arvon/ozone problem
*16-0036 FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE MICROPARTICLES IN WATER, paper presented at conference on biological
effects of ingested asbestos
*14-0008 FIBER GLASS, potential health hazard and carcinogen
16-0116 FIBROUS GLASS INSULATION, health of retired workers
17-0011 FIRE RETARDANT, modified THPOH solution releases less formaldehyde
15-0043 FIRE RETARDANT COMBUSTION PRODUCTS from a reactive phosphate fire retardant in polyurethane
foam found toxic to rats
13-0010 FIRE RETARDANT MATERIALS for fibers and plastics discussed in book on fire-retardant textiles
*21-0003 FIRE-RETASDANT PLASTICIZERS FOR PVC, Kronltex 100 triaryl phosphate material replacement
for tricresyl phosphate
17-0009 FIRE RETARDANTS, six-month index of information on
6-0049 FISH KILLS BY POLLUTION, 1972, second highest in 13 years
16-0122 FISH TUMORS, potential carcinogenic indicators
20-0017 FLAME INHIBITION, by potassium compounds
21-0006 FLAME-PROOFING, new agents made from propargyl alcohol, phosphoric acid and halogens work with
both natural and man-made fibers
20-0018 FLAME RETARDANCE, combustion of flexible polyurethane foam
5-0013 FLAME RETARDANCY of cotton/modacrylic blend fibers
20-0020 FLAME RETARDANT, Dow Chemical announces FR-1540 for unsaturated polyester resins
14-0011 FLAME RETARDANT, finish for cotton fabrics based on urea, phosphate salt, chlorinated polymer
and antimony oxide
6-0012 FLAME RETARDANT, Fyrol 76 for cellulosics, significant new product
17-0010 FLAME RETARDANT, new product (Pyrosan 497) for polyester and acetate fabrics
18-0008 FLAME-RETARDANT CHEMICALS, formulas of those used in consumer products must be given to
Consumer Product Safety Commission for assessment of real or
potential hazards
8-0014 FLAME RETABDANT PANELS from isocyanurate foams
10-0009 FLAME RETARDANT FABRICS, production system
15-0022 FLAME RETARDANTS, brominated cyclic compound applies as aqueous dispersion with antimony oxide
as synergist
8-0015 FLAME RETARDANTS (BROMINATED), market potential expected increase
6-0013 FLAME RETARDANTS, cellulosic fabrics
15-0019 FLAME RETARDANTS, chart of available chemicals, manufacturers, end uses, cost, applicable
standards
25-0012 FLAME RETARDANTS, criteria for acceptable compounds for flame-resistant synthetic polymers
12-0006 FLAME RETARDANTS, effect of impurities, cotton fabric finishes
16-0075 FLAME RETARDANTS, effect on the emissions from slash burning (pine fuel beds)
22-0007 FLAME RETARDANTS, effective in injection molding compound
10-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS for fibers and fabrics, review
20-0019 FLAME RETARDANTS, for plastics, large and increasing market spurs research efforts for new
products
9-0020 FLAME RETARDANTS, for polyester fibers/yarn under development at NL Industries
5-0018 FLAME RETARDANTS, for textiles
14-0010
12-0007 FLAME RETARDANTS, for textiles, twenty-six new products introduced in 1974
20-0021 FLAME RETARDANTS, GE adds two grades to its Noryl phenylene/oxide-based flame retarding resins
3-0002 FLAME RETARDANTS, in plastics, potential toxicity
3-0025 FLAME RETARDANTS, in polyurethanes, sensory irritation effects of decomposition products
9-0020 FLAME RETARDANTS, in short supply
15-0020 FLAME RETARDANTS, market slowdown predicted
17-0012 FLAME RETARDANTS, market volume may reach $570 million by 1983
3-0024 FLAME RETARDANTS, opposition to use in all clothing
-19-
-------
Ret. No.
26-0001 FLAME RETARDANTS, overview of types used in plastics, consumption patterns, marketing data
6-0013 FLAME RETARDANTS, phosphorus compounds for cellulosic fabrics
1-0011 FLAME RETARDANTS, plastics
5-0014 FLAME RETARDANTS, P-N containing silicones may have potential for cotton
1-0012 FLAME RETARDANTS, polyurethane/foams
1-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, polyurethanes
15-0021 FLAME RETARDANTS, producers report SOX sales decline but market recovery anticipated
3-0023 FLAME RETARDANTS, radiation-induced fixation in textiles
4-0017 FLAME RETARDANTS, research for cotton-polyester fabrics
10-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, review of patents on preparation and application of
17-0012 FLAME RETARDANTS, seven major end-use markets may consume 750 million pounds by 1978
20-0016 FLAME RETARDANTS, teratogeniclty of polybrominated biphenyls In mice
6-0013 FLAME RETARDANTS, titanyl tetrachloride or titanyl sulfate for cellulosic fabrics
15-0018 FLAME RETARDANTS, variety of chemicals, chemical side-effect problems, and application problems
plague textile finishers
11-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS AND PARTICIPATES from wood fires
13-0011 FLAMMABILITY STANDARDS FOR FABRICS may cost consumers an added $6 billion per year
10-0036 FLEXICOKING, process to convert refinery vacuum residuum into liquids and gases in clean
plant environment
4-0033 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, new compounds
*14-0029 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, acute fish toxicity and accumulation studies
* 9-0034 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, analysis
*13-0032 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, better brighteners when sulfonamide group present
* 5-0039 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, production in USSR
* 7-0038 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity
2-0019 FLUORESCENT WHITENERS, laundry products
24-0038 FLUORIDATION, potential health hazard
10-0040 FLUORIDE, review of hazards and benefits, from human studies and animal experiments
19-0032 FLUORIDE POLLUTION, effects on natural ecosystems
19-0032 FLUORIDE POLLUTION, effects on timber and livestock
6-0015 FLUORINATED ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE POLYMERS, chemically-resistant containers for high-purity chemicals
1-0013 FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS, inhalation hazards
*12-0010 FLUORINATED SOLVENT, new from Du Pont is Freon TES containing trichlorotrifluoroethane
7-0018 FLUOROALKANES, cardiac toxicity studies, dogs
*25-0016 FLUOROALKANES, concentrations associated with cardiac conduction system toxicity
7-0018 FLUOROALKANES, inhalation toxicity
*14-0013 FLUOROCARBON 12, cardiovascular effects in rabbits from inhalation
*21-0007 FLUOROCARBON-12, effects on animals
*21-0007 FLUOROCARBON-114, effects on animals
*13-0015 FLUOROCARBON AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, Congressional hearings could lead to ban on their use in
pressure packages
8-0018 FLUOROCARBON AERSOL SPRAY PROPELLANTS, ban demanded
*10-0011 FLUOROCARBON ANESTHETICS, hydrogen bond breaking
*10-0011 FLUOROCARBON ANESTHETICS, role In mitosis
*23-0008 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS(F-ll AND F-12), IMOS recommends ban on use by January 1978
* 9-0015 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, petition to ban filed by Natural Resources Defense Council
*10-0013 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, safe in normal use according to medical research studies
*26-0007 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, used to smaller degree by S.C. Johnson, Inc. because substitute
propellants are cheaper
*13-0015 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, what is answer to great increase in ozone layer during 1957-1970,
when their production was at high level
6-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, aerosol propellants for asthma treatment, fate of in man and rat
*24-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, as propellants in aerosols are "safe when used as directed" according to industry
testimony before CPSC
5-0023 FLUOROCARBONS, atmospheric hazards
7-0020 FLUOROCARBONS, blood levels related to cardiac sensitlzation
2-0022 FLUOROCARBONS, carcinogenic and genetic effects
*25-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, cardiac arrhythmias in hypoxlc rabbits during aerosol propellant Inhalation
7-0020 FLUOROCARBONS, cardiac sensitization
6-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, chemically-resistant containers for high-purity chemicals
*18-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, contributors of free chlorine in stratosphere
8-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, controversy over fluorocarbon aerosol/ozone depletion
23-0007 FLUOROCARBONS, .current environmental and health problems Indicate a possible slowdown In sales
in the $3-billion/year aerosol industry
* 9-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, DuPont ups production of Freons 113 and 114 at new unit in Corpus Christ!, Texas
5-0023 FLUOROCARBONS, effect on ozone layer of stratosphere
*21-0007 FLUOROCARBONS, effects on animals
2-0023 FLUOROCARBONS, environmental effects research
*10-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, environmental hazards and economic impact of possible ban on production
*22-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, EPA authorizes study on
*24-0008 FLUOROCARBONS, FDA will ask food, drug and cosmetic manufacturers for information on products
containing them, amount used and how distributed
3-0054 FLUOROCARBONS, Foamex process
1-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, hair sprays
*20-0024 FLUOROCARBONS, high concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons measured in snow in south polar area
indicating trace gases in atmosphere are being precipitated out by polar ice
*24-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, IMOS concludes fluorocarbons released to air are legitimate cause for concern
and recommends restrictions be imposed on their use by January 1978
*24-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, IMOS report criticized for ignoring high concentrations of methyl chloride
(potential source of chlorine) in the troposphere
*24-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, IMOS report critlzed for limited review of ion molecular reactions, a possible
major atmospheric sink for chlorine
*24-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, IMOS report discussed in relation to its economic Impact on the air conditioning
and refrigeration Industry
*23-0008 FLUOROCARBONS, IMOS report recommends banning the use of fluorocarbons, especially F-ll and F-12
by January 1978
*13-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, in aerosols, evaluation of potential destruction of earth's ozone layer must
include effects of dust and chemical particles in the atmosphere
-20-
-------
Ref. No.
*14-0016 FLUOROCARBONSf industry and government actions to resolve controversy over potential effects
on stratospheric ozone layer
*18-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, industry establishes Council on Atmospheric Science (COAS) to coordinate factors
of ozone/fluorocarbon problem
*16-0076 FLUOROCARBONS, industry-sponsored research studies on
*22-0010 FLUOROCARBONS, indus.try study of ozone problems
2-0021 FLUOROCARBONS, inhalation effects
*16-0080 FLUOROCARBONS (F-ll AND F-12), inhalation effects in man
*20-0027 FLUOROCARBONS, long-range transport in atmosphere
2-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, mutagenic effects
2-0018
* 9-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, NAS and others to study ozone depletion problem
* 9-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, NAS to study re effect on ozone layer in stratosphere and possible resulting
carcinogenic effects
*22-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, National Academy of Sciences ozone study
* 9-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, National Academy of Sciences will study effect on atmosphere
*26-0008 FLUOROCARBONS, new evidence claimed to prove conclusively that fluorocarbon gases are destroying
stratospheric ozone
8-0020 FLUOROCARBONS, no evidence of environmental harm seen in industry-sponsored research
*13-0014 FLUOROCARBONS (F-ll AND F-12), non-flammable, chemically inert, low degree of toxicity
7-0022 FLUOROCARBONS, occurrence in remote areas and in surface seawater
*17-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, one industry president advertises to advise public not to panic over the "ozone"
theory
2-0022 FLUOROCARBONS, operating room hazards
*16-0077 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, controversy still debated
*19-0010 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, discussions of potential hazards of interactions plus current and planned
research
*19-0012 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, possibility of no great increase in ultraviolet radiation could lie in
potential regeneration of the ozone lost in the stratosphere by oxygen
in lower atmosphere
*19-0018 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, potential adverse biological effects on aquatic life and on plants
*19-0009 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, potential effects on life (human, animal, plant) can be discovered only
through research studies on individual species and complex ecosystems
*19-0008 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, potential mutagenic effects on living organisms
*19-0008 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, review of current controversy from technical standpoint
*11-0009 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, theory and potential skin cancer results
*25-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, photochemical stabilities
*24-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, potential ban or limitation on use would cut off large segments of markets for
hydrofluoric acid, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and ethanol
*2A-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, potential ban or limitation on use would drastically cut work force in refri-
geration industry and also affect chemical industry employment
6-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, potential cardiac toxicants
*15-0026 FLUOROCARBONS, potential cardlotoxicity in man and animals
*24-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, potential economic impacts of restriction of fluorocarbon production
17-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, potential heart hazards
*18-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, potential ozone depletion could reduce formation of cholecalciferol by the skin
' leading to femoral fractures in the elderly
*20-0028 FLUOROCARBONS, potential use as artificial blood substitutes
*20-0028 FLUOROCARBONS, properties and syntheses
7-0021 FLUOROCARBONS, research on ozone depletion at high altitudes
*13-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, review of their possible effect on the stratosphere
*25-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, routine measurement of in air
*21-0007 FLUOROCARBONS, safe when used as recommended but potentially hazardous when deliberately inhaled
8-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, safety studies on aerosol propellants in man and animals
*21-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, scientists urge Congress to authorize study of problem and to fund research on
effects of increased UV radiation
*15-0024 FLUOROCARBONS, synthesis of structurally unusual compounds by direct fluorlnation
8-0018 FLUOROCARBONS, up to 1.5 million cases of skin cancers worldwide predicted within 25 years, if
use of propellants continued
8-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, various research studies underway on ozone-destroying reactions
5-0059 FLUOROCHEMICALS, new use as artificial blood and breathable liquids
5-0017 FLUOROCHEMICALS, use in flame retardant formulation
* 9-0013 FLUOROCHLOROCARBONS, contributors of halocarbon chlorine entering stratosphere vs non-
fluorinated contributors
*19-0013 FLUOROCHLOROCARBONS, theory that their effect on stratosphere may be that they will continue to
grow to critical levels rather than that they have special stratospheric
reactivity not held by chlorocarbons
*14-0012 FLUOROCHLOROHYDROCARBONS AND OZONE, interrelationships to be studied by federal interagency
task force
4-0018 FLUOROETHYLENES, inhalation hazard
*18-0017 FLUOROPOLYMERS, heat capacity of
6-0053 FOOD DYE, potential carcinogen and fetotoxicant
25-0039 FORMALDEHYDE, effect on embalmers
9-0005 FOSSIL FUELS, potential health hazard due to arsenic content
20-0020 FR-1540, new flame retardant from Dow Chemical has high bromine content and contains maleic,
fumaric, and a-phthalic acid links in the polymer chain
7-0018 FREON 11, cardiac toxicity studies, dogs
7-0018 FREON 11, inhalation toxicity
3-0028 FREON 11, vapor effect on heart auricles
8-0017 FREON 11 and 12, human exposure studies
2-0017 FREON C-318, mutagenic effects
*12-0010 FREON TES, new fluorinated solvent from Du Pont
*20-0026 FREON IF, aerosol replaces OOP in leak test method for HEPA filters
7-0019 FREON AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, cardiac toxicity studies, rats and cats
7-0019 FREON AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, cellular mechanism In cardiac toxicity
2-0020 FREONS, global threat
1-0013 FREONS, Inhalation hazards
*14-0014 FREONS, potential effects on stratospheric ozone concentrations
-21-
-------
Ref. No.
7-0023 FREONS, potential health hazard to beauty shop operators
*14-0014 FREONS, potential source of stratospheric chlorine
10-0008 FYROL 76, flame retardant finish for celluloslcs
5-0012 FYROL 76, new flame retardant for celluloslcs
21-0033 GASOLINE, TLV calculated by ACGIH emphasizes aromatic hydrocarbon content
16-0121 GASOLINE ADDITIVES, genetic effects
2-0017 GENETRON-23, mutagenic effects
2-0017 GENETRpN-152A, mutagenic effects
19-0003 GEOCHEMISTRIES, of arsenic, antimony, mercury, and related elements in sediments of Fuget Sound
16-0115 GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENT, relationship between geographic distribution of certain elements
and patterns of disease
15-0060 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT EFFLUENTS, their chemical, physical and biological consequences
5-0026 GLYCOL SULFATE, carcinogenic activity
25-0038
17-0041
5-0022
*13-0013
17-0014
17-0016
15-0030
15-0031
15-0032
25-0018
25-0018
*19-0017
5-0020
3-0027
*18-0015
5-0019
*18-0012
5-0021
2-0022
*19-0016
*19-0014
*19-0015
5-0021
*10-0011
*16-0081
*19-0016
8-0016
*13-0016
*16-0079
9-0047
*20-0022
3-0027
2-0022
7-0026
3-0030
*15-0023
*15-0023
*13-0017
*16-0078
*16-0082
10-0047
25-0006
3-0072
9-0001
3-0004
26-0004
3-0070
*16-0038
26-0038
26-0034
17-0050
13-0056
15-0017
4-0012
17-0006
14-0017
9-0023
3-0038
23-0013
17-0018
20-0033
2-0025
HAIR DYES, mutagenlcity
HAIR DYES, potential carcinogens and mutagens
HAIR SPRAY PREPARATIONS, respiratory effects
HALOCARBONS, review of their possible effect on the stratosphere
HALOCARBONS, study to assess probable effects on stratospheric ozone
HALOETHER ANESTHETIC, potential carcinogen
o-HALOETHERS, inhalation carcinogenlcity in animals
a-HALOETHERS, inhalation carcinogenicity in rats and hamsters
HALOETHERS, potential mutagens in biosphere
HALOETHERS, transport and bloconcentration
HALOGENATED ANESTHETICS, potential stratospheric pollutants
HALOGENATED FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS, hazards and toxicity
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS, myocardial sensitization
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS, short-term inhalation toxicity in rats
HALOGENATED PHOSPHORUS ESTERS, mechanisms of flame retardancy
HALOMETHANES, amount in atmosphere appears to be Increasing
HALOTHANE, behavioral and physiological effects on rats
HALOTHANE, carcinogenic and genetic effects
HALOTHANE, degradation products include chlorohexafluorobutene
HALOTHANE, effect of multiple exposures on liver function
HALOTHANE, effect of repeated exposures on patients with liver damage from cervical carcinoma
treated with radium
HALOTHANE, effect on central nervous system, rats
HALOTHANE, effect on mitosis
HALOTHANE, effects on canine responses to hypoxia
HALOTHANE, effects on liver in patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radium may be due
to degradation products possibly resulting from breakdown of halothane by radium
HALOTHANE, fetal changes In hamsters
HALOTHANE, hepatic microsomal enzyme activity
HALOTHANE, hyperthermia in the dog
HALOTHANE, in mutagenic studies
HALOTHANE, lower limits of flammabillty
HALOTHANE, myocardial sensitization
HALOTHANE, operating room hazards
HALOTHANE, potential carcinogen and mutagen for medical personnel
HALOTHANE, potential human hazard
HALOTHANE, potential nephrotoxic agent, based on rats studies, may be considered an occupational
hazard
HALOTHANE, ultrastructural changes in rat kidney following chronic exposure to low levels of
HALOTHANE, ultrastructural pathology of the liver after chronic exposure
HALOTHANE HEPATITIS, possible hypersensitivity response to antigen from metabolite of halothane
combining with protein
HALOTHANE UPTAKE by coacervate systems
HANDBOOK on environmental monitoring
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, chemical companies are developing computerized systems for health records
of workers exposed to
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS spill regulations
HAZARDOUS SPILLS, land and water management
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, water spill situation regulations
HAZARDOUS WASTE, better treatment and disposal methods needed
HEALTH HAZARDS, human environment
HEAVY METALS, technique to measure history of pollution exposure levels in the environment
HEAVY METALS, transport and effect on biological systems In natural waters
HEPTACHLOR, potential carcinogenic pesticide may be suspended by EPA, thus prohibiting further
manufacture and distribution
HERBICIDE ORANGE, ocean burning decision due on weed killer disposal
HERBICIDES, potential cause of "epidemic" of birth defects in Colombia
HEXABROMOBIPHENYL, liver changes and tissue residues of animals fed it
HEXABROMOBIPHENYL, metabolic effects
HEXABROMOBIPHENYLS, photoreactivity
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, as marine pollutant is labeled a definite hazard to man and the environment
by NAS
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, bioconcentratlon In fish
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, body burdens In rat
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, contaminants present in commercial product
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, ecological magnification of residues In animals and man
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
effect of food restriction on the redistribution of hexachlorobenzene in the rat
effects on liver
-22-
-------
Ref. No.
8-0024
3-0037
25-0019
25-0011
4-0026
20-0034
6-0022
17-0017
17-0018
17-0017
19-0021
19-0021
3-0035
20-0034
3-0037
17-0018
25-0037
17-0034
24-0017
3-0036
15-0033
20-0033
3-0033
3-0034
16-0086
8-0025
2-0030
9-0049
3-0022
3-0022
4-0018
11-0022
9-0021
2-0049
9-0053
18-0008
* 1-0014
*14-0018
*12-0011
*14-0018
* 2-0026
*13-0021
* 8-0029
*12-0011
*17-0019
M2-0011
* 9-0025
* 9-0026
* 8-0027
* 8-0028
*23-0008
13-0043
7-0057
9-0048
7-0057
5-0030
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE,
effect on liver, rats
effect on microsomal enzyme ststerns, rats
environmental impact evaluated on basis of stability, movement, bioconcen-
tration and toxicity
EPA's decision to establish residue tolerances contributed to report by NAS
on revamping of chemical controls
exposure effects from commercial spraying
in fetal and maternal tissues of rat does not adversely affect fetal
development
intestinal absorption In rats
major ocean pollutant
metabolism and effects on rat hepatic microsomal enzymes
photochemical reactivity may result in eventual disappearance from the oceans
photolysis
photolysis of in oceans could produce lower chlorinated phenyl hydrocarbons
that could give rise to increasing pollution problems
placental transfer; fetotoxicity
placental transfer in rat
potential carcinogen
potential skin irritant
presence in brain tissue of dead pelicans
production of from manufacturing residues treated by Chlorolysis process
residues in soil and lettuce from use of a commercial fungicide
teratogenicity
teratogenicity and dominant lethal studies in rats
tissue redistribution of pesticides under restricted diets could be
potential health hazard
toxicity in rats
HEXACHLOROBENZENE WASTE, plasma HCB levels of people exposed to
HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE, reproduction study, Japanese quail
a-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE, model ecosystem
HEXADECYL CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE, new.nontoxic miticide
HEXAFLUOROETHANE, flame retardant
HEXAFLUOROETHANE, toxicity
HEXAFLUOROPROPENE, inhalation hazard
HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE, workers' exposure to in spray painting of polyurethane coatings
HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE, no evidence of carcinogenicity in mice and rats from drinking water
containing it
HOST VARIABILITY, environmental hazards effect
"HOT SPOTS" of radio-isotopes, potential carcinogens
HOUSEHOLD AEROSOLS, formulas must be given to Consumer Product Safety Commission for assessment
of real or potential hazards
HYDRAZINE, carcinogen
HYDRAZINE, component of corrosion control formulation for boiler plants
HYDRAZINE, increased production predicted by 1980
HYDRAZINE, its toxicity necessitates careful use as corrosion control agent for boiler plants
in food industry
HYDRAZINE, manufacturing method
HYDRAZINE, new production method from France
HYDRAZINE, physical and thermodynamic data
HYDRAZINE, production increase by 1980 may get boost from new French production process
HYDRAZINE, use and control of in protecting boilers from corrosion
HYDRAZINE HYDRATE, increased demand predicted by 1980, with fast market Increase if hydrazine-
based fuel cells sell
HYDRAZINE HYDRATE, Mobay Chemical building 10,000 ton/year plan at Kansas City, Mo.
HYDRAZINES, quenching of photoexcited ketones in water by
HYDRAZINES, photoelectron spectra of
HYDROCARBONS AND CO. among alternatives for fluorocarbon propellents for aerosols
HYDROCHLORIC ACID GAS, potential source of emphysema
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AEROSOLS, respiratory toxicant, animal studies
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS, pulmonary edema
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS, respiratory toxicant, animal studies
HYDROGENATION OF COAL AND TAR, development
2-0056 INDUSTRIAL ILLNESS, men's apparel plant
6-0052 INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT, evaluation and control
26-0002 INORGANIC ARSENIC, potential lung carcinogen for people living near copper, lead, and zinc
smelters
*24-0016 INSECTICIDE PROPELLANTS, now hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide rather than chlorofluorocarbons
21-0031 IN-SITU LEACHING PROCESS FOR URANIUM MINING, low cost and land protection are advantages
13-0001 INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, new biological testing organization for biological hazards
of industrial chemicals
15-0057 INSTRUMENTS FOR WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS
*17-0015 ISOBUTANE, possible substitute for fluorocarbons In aerosols is flammable
8-0014 ISOCYANATE, monomer for production of frothing isocyanurate foam for laminating panels
2-0027 ISOCYANATES, analysis and detection
23-0014 ISOCYANATES, instrument for continuous monitoring of
1-0017 ISOCYANTES, production
3-0040
18-0020 ISOCYANATES, production increase by Upjohn at LaPorte, Texas
25-0020 ISOCYANATES, reactions leading to urethanes and mixed urethane polymers
1-0015 ISOCYANATES, respiratory effects
1-0016
12-0012 ICOCYANATES, Upjohn in La Porte, Texas, increases capacity to 300 million Ib/yr
-23-
-------
Ref. No.
8-0014 ISOCYANURATE FOAMS, for panel lamination
* 5-0006 ISODECYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant
4-0025 ISOFLURANE, biotransformatlon
16-0084 ISOFLURANE, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of Isoflurane-nltrous oxide anesthesia
*20-0022 ISOFLURANE, lower limits of flammablllty
17-0016 ISOFLURANE, potential carcinogenic in mice
25-0044
KETONES, OSHA proposes job health standards on six Industrial solvents
18-0038 LASERS, potential health hazards from high-power Infrared
4-0053 LEAD, analysis in tuna fish
22-0038 LEAD, biological tissue analysis
15-0047 LEAD, biotransformation of
14-0052 LEAD, court sets aside EPA's rule on lead in gasoline because of lack of proof re "significant"
health hazards
22-0039 LEAD, epidemiologlcal survey, Houston, Texas
17-0047 LEAD, in gasoline, court grants rehearing to EPA re potential health damage
15-0047 LEAD, methylation of in the environment
12-0002 LEAD, particulate emissions from ore smelter, health effects
17-0055 LEAD, potential effects on mental retardation
10-0006 LEAD ARSENATE, carclnogeniclty study on rats
13-0005 LEAD ARSENATE, not included in proposed OSHA worker exposure standard for Inorganic arsenic
15-0059 LEAD COMPOUNDS, identification in soils of compounds from automotive sources
22-0040 LEAD SALTS, toxicity of
15-0059 LEAD SULFATE, principle soil lead contaminant from automotive sources
20-0061 LEADED GASOLINE, a nonseparating mixture of gasoline and water is under highway test as sub-
stitute for
20-0061 LEADED GASOLINE, substitute provides reduction In nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, and lead emissions
15-0048 LIGNIN-CONTAINING MIST, emissions from plywood veneer possible source of commercial chemicals
13-0049 MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS, potential toxicity
* 7-0029 MALEIC HYDRAZIDE, health risks research needed
7-0036 MAN in the ecosystem
22-0038 MANGANESE, biological tissue analysis
22-0039 MANGANESE, epidemiologlcal survey, Houston, Texas
17-0048 MANGANESE, pros and cons of health hazard of MMT In gasoline as octane improver
22-0040 MANGANESE SALTS, toxicity of
25-0023 MARINE ALGAE, analysis of trace metals in
25-0023 MARINE ALGAE, potential pollution indices in coastal waters
15-0036 MARINE ANIMALS suggested as useful in environmental and biomedical research
13-0051 MARINE BIOMEDICAL research
13-0026 MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, analysis program, bibliography
13-0028 MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, effects of oil on
5-0037 MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, mathematical simulation
14-0028 MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, ocean biology
4-0053 MARINE ENVIRONMENT, pollution analysis
17-0058 MARINE ORGANISMS, extinctions and variations in level of biological activity in light of possible
changes in rate of denitrificatlon in ancient oceans
16-0122 MARINE ORGANISMS, potential indicators of pollution levels in water
17-0058 MARINE PHOSPHORITE deposits and the nitrogen cycle
12-0030 MARINE POLLUTANTS, potential effects on marine environment
9-0022 MAYTANSINE (3-BROMOPROPYL) ETHER, antitumor agent
18-0020 MDI or PAPI, products based on account for 90Z of increased production of Isocyanates at
Upjohn, LaPorte, Texas
3-0061 2-MERCAPTOIMIDAZOLINE, potential carcinogen contributor (gaskets)
24-0040 METHANOL, toxicity of
19-0040 METHOMYL, organophosphate pesticide causes death and poisoning among Mexican workers
4-0025 METHOXYFLURANE, biotransformation
2-0022 METHOXYFLURANE, carcinogenic and genetic effects
4-0024 METHOXYFLURANE, effects on kidney
6-0020 METHOXYFLURANE, inhalation toxicology
4-0022 METHOXYFLURANE, nephrotoxicity
8-0022 METHOXYFLURANE, nephrotoxicity following use
8-0023 METHOXYFLURANE, no harmful cardioresplratory or renal effects on healthy subjects
2-0022 METHOXYFLURANE, operating room hazards
2-0043 METHYL-N-BUTYL KETONE, exposure hazards
1-0049
2-0043 METHYL-N-BUTYL KETONE, polyneuropathy from
26-0006 METHYL CHLORIDE, more likely source of chlorine for destruction of stratospheric ozone than are
chlorofluorocarbons
11-0007 METHYLCHLOROMETHYL ETHER, court rules "record" supports carcinogeniclty potential
12-0001 METHYLCHLOROMETHYL ETHER, OSHA emergency standard in effect
7-0028 METHYL CHLOROMETHYL ETHER, OSHA standards challenged on lack of evidence re human carcinogenicity
8-0047 METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLMANGANESE TRICARBONYL, possible alternative for tetraethyllead, may have
adverse effects on car catalytic converters and on
human health
16-0095 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), carcinogenic effect in mice and rats
21-0013 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), combustion products of urethane cured with
11-0007 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), court grants stay on timing of OSHA's standard
11-0007 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), court rules "record" supports carclnogeniclty
potential
14-0024 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), court ruling voiding OSHA's proposed standard based
on no known evidence of human cancers from
-24-
-------
20-0050
10-0019
10-0005
*15-0011
6-0027
3-0047
14-0025
18-0023
7-0028
16-0096
13-0025
12-0001
16-0074
13-0025
3-0048
8-0030
20-0041
20-0041
3-0042
13-0025
26-0019
1-0048
3-0041
3-0040
*15-0034
*15-0034
*21-0004
6-0050
15-0013
15-0053
17-0038
2-0048
24-0022
21-0015
21-0014
17-0026
21-0015
18-0025
23-0015
17-0027
*12-0019
24-0023
12-0015
9-0033
3-0049
1-0020
1-0019
2-0032
5-0036
2-0030
4-0031
4-0032
2-0031
16-0097
22-0013
20-0044
2-0033
15-0039
15-0038
26-0014
14-0026
15-0037
14-0027
6-0028
3-0050
20-0043
5-0036
11-0018
18-0024
3-0026
22-0036
9-0047
23-0024
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), curing agent for new moisture-resistant polyester-
based polyurethanes
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), curing agent for new series of urethanes
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), field tests for determining in factory atmospheres
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), high potency tumor-inducing substance in animals
4,-4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-'CHLOROANIHNE),(MOCA), improved product under OSHA manufacturing standards
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE),(MOCA), manufacturing facility meets OSHA standards re
carcinogens
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), OSHA again proposing standards for
4,4' METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), OSHA and industry working to clarify work place
standard for
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), OSHA standards challenged on lack of evidence re human
carcinogenic effects
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), petition by Dept. of Labor for re-hearing in court
on establishing OSHA standards on
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), potential carcinogen
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), potential carcinogen, delay in enforcement of OSHA
standard
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), potential carcinogen in rats
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), precautions in use during manufacture of polyurethane
products
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), price increase
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), use and handling in new urethane plant conforms to OSHA
safety standards
4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS-ORTHOCHLOROANILINE (MOCA), change in chemical properties and possibly in
carcinogenic and toxicological properties results
from treatment by sulfamic acid
4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS-ORTHOCHLOROANILINE (MOCA), sulfamic acid cleaning solution for
METHYLENE BISPHENYL ISOCYANATE, health hazard survey
METHYLENE BISPHENYL ISOCYANATE, use with MOCA
METHYLENE CHLORIDE, General Foods will substitute it for trichloroethylene in its decaffeinated
coffees
METHYLENEDIANILINE, in hepatitis
METHYLENEDIPHENYL ISOCYANATE, Canadian production
4,4'-METHYLENEDIPHENYL ISOCYANATE, production
1-METHYLHYDRAZINE, liver damage in rats and mice
1-METHYLHYDRAZINE, morphological and biochemical effects of, in rats and mice
METHYLSUBSTITUTED TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATES, in automobile exhaust particulates
METHYL YELLOW, potential carcinogen
MICELLAR CATALYSIS of the benzidine rearrangement
MICROENCAPSULATED PESTICIDES, potential environmental impact of polyamide spheres used
MICROWAVES, new technique for destruction of toxic vapors and liquids
MIREX, unrecognized marine pollutant
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dloxin In organisms in aquatic
model ecosystem
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, continental shelf as integral component of most nearshore ecosystems
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, degradation and environmental fate of l-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)
urea
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, environmental fate of six organochlorine pesticides
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, evaluation of function of shallow sea floor in nutrient regeneration
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, fate of dicamba in
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, fate of parathion
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, fate of pyrazon
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, In study of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, measuring and predicting Influence of sewage effluent on marine phytoplankton
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, small-scale model used to test pesticide alternatives, herbicides, by-products
of coal-gasification
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, soil-plant
MODEL ECOSYSTEM, water pollution control
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, analysis and management
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, aquatic
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, aquatic food chain
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, aquatic, large
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, aquatic, small
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, body pollutant burdens
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, crop ecosystem simulation used in agricultural pest management program
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, fate and biodegradabillty of benzene in
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, guidebook on coastal ecology
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, health assessment
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, hydrocarbon burden of mussels as potential monitors of hydrocarbon pollution
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, impact of air pollution on forest ecosystems
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, measuring growth in microecosystems
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, NAS releases report of IBP study applying systems analysis to workings of
ecosystems
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, radionuclides in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, stability and complexity in
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, stability of a feasible random ecosystem
rrestrial and aquatic
xic chemicals'in biosphere
xicity of metallic pollutants to mollusks
ace contaminants
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS,
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS,
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS,
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS,
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, u eful for predicting behavior of pesticides in environment
MONOCHLORODIFLUOROETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
MOTOR VEHICLE CATALYSTS, human exposure to resulting sulfates
MUTAGENESIS, kinetics of reactive drug metabolites in mammals
MUTAGENESIS, molecular and environmental aspects of
-25-
-------
Ref. No.
23-0006 MUTAGENICITY, data to be Included by IARC in program to evaluate potential carclnogenicity of
chemicals to man
9-0046 MUTAGENICITY, lexicological evaluation
9-0044 MYCOTOXINS, health hazards reviewed
26-0015 1-NAPTHOL, degradation by marine microorganisms
24-0004 NAPHTHYLAMINE, dye manufacturers discontinue naphthylamine-based special dyes because of problems
arising from OSHA regulations
10-0005 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE, field tests for determination in factory atmospheres
10-0020 o-NAPHTHYLAMINE, in vitro carcinogenic testing
2-0034 o-NAPHTHYLAMINE, incinerator residue
12-0001 o-NAPHTHYLAMINE, OSHA emergency standard in effect
9-0047 2-NAPHTHYLAMINE, in mutagenic studies
*16-0068 8-NAPHTHYLAMINE, bladder carcinogen in dogs but not in rats, rabbits, or guinea pigs
23-0006 B-NAPHTHYLAMINE,-carcinogen in man now shown to be mutagen
7-0006 B-NAPHTHYLAMINE, health hazard to workers
10-0020 B NAPHTHYLAMINE, in vitro carcinogenic testing
12-0001 B-NAPHTHYLAMINE, OSHA emergency standard in effect
*15-0011 B-NAPHTHYLAMINE, potential occupational carcinogen without assigned TLV
*16-0068 B-NAPHTHYLAMINE, weak carcinogen for mice
16-0100 NAPTHYLAMINES, concern expressed about potentialcarcinogenicity of, despite lack of evidence
* 9-0015 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES to conduct study on fluorocarbons and the atmosphere
5-0034 NATURAL GAS PIPELINES, Alaska, environmental impact
17-0035 NEOPRENE, potential carcinogen
19-0045 NICKEL, potential carcinogen for nickel smelting and refining workers
19-0045 NICKEL, potential skin disease hazard In Implanted therapeutic devices and prostheses
4-0048 NICKEL, skin rash
24-0024 NITRILOTRIACETATE, photochemical degradation of In natural water systems yields formation of
iminodiacetate
17-0028 NITRILOTRIACETATE, use as synthetic detergent sequestrant seemed promising until halted by
U.S. Attorney General
5-0038 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, biological waste treatment use
5-0026 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, carbinogenic activity
26-0016 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, effect of growth on algae
15-0040 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, environmental acceptability tested
15-0040 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, non-toxic to Gymnodinuim breve with no biostimulatory effects noted
13-0029 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, potential carcinogen, rats
13-0030 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, potential urinary tract carcinogen
20-0046 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID and NTA-metal ion complexes, biodegradation
5-0068 NITROBENZENE, potential health hazard
24-0042 NITROGEN DIOXIDE, potential carcinogen
*12-0003 p-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE, in study of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of membranes from
animal leucocytes
23-0023 NITROPHENYLENEDIAMINE DYES IN HAIR COLORANTS, potential mutagens and carcinogens
24-0042 NITROSAMINES, potential carcinogens may be link between ambient NO. and cancer death rates
* 8-0026 NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (COMPONENT OF UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINEJ, potential carcinogen
6-0047 N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE, potential carcinogen, in tobacco
22-0033 NOBLE METALS, potential environmental contaminants
7-0024 NON-CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, potential hazard via dissociation products
* 9-0013 HOH-FLUORINATED HALOCARBONS, contributors of halocarbon chlorine entering stratosphere
5-0019 NON-HALOGENATED PHOSPHORUS ESTERS, mechanisms of flame retardancy
36-0043 NUCLEAR REPROCESSING FACILITIES, reprocessing costs versus safety to workers and the environment
24-0046 OCEAN DUMPING, may be damaging the marine ecosystem in New York Bight
14-0044 OCEAN DUMPING, review of regulations, sites, criteria, and permits
20-0065 OCEAN INCINERATION, pros and cons of its use for disposal of chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes
25-0012 OCTABROMOBIPHENYL, evaluation of as a flame-retardant chemical
25-0012 OCTABROMOBIPHENYL, review of its chemical/physical properties, toxicology, and environmental
effects
26-0001 OCTABROMOBIPHENYL, toxicology of
3-0026 OCTAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE, inhalation toxlcity, monkeys
26-0040 OIL, acute effects of oil and oil/dlspersant mixture on larvae of Baltic herring
26-0039 OIL, Improving mlcroblal degradation of oily wastes in soil
13-0028 OIL, potential damage to ecosystems
12-0031 OIL, potential environmental effects in ocean waters
2-0057 OIL CONTAMINANT, plant and animal studies
11-0034 OIL CONTAMINATION, effect on human health not cause for alarm
14-0046 OIL POLLUTION, effect on nucleic acids of algae
16-0126 OIL POLLUTION, potential biological hazard for Alaskan crabs
14-0033 OIL SHALE, adequate water supplies available for development with minimal adverse effects on
quality of western water resources
13-0038 OIL SHALE, Colorado project will not significantly affect water quantity and quality
25-0030 OIL SHALE, disposal and environmental effects of carbonaceous solid wastes from commercial
operations
26-0020 OIL SHALE, economic study indicates in-sltu processing could compete with above-ground
processing
10-0016 OIL SHALE, environmental problems
11-0023 OIL SHALE, planned Utah shale mining and processing development pending detailed environmental
study program
6-0033 OIL SHALE, possible production of 100,000-bbl/day by 1980, lesser production by 1978
6-0033 OIL SHALE, process that retorts rough crushed shale seen less of an environmental problem
than processes yielding finer crushed shale
9-0039 OIL SHALE, project development plans underway by Gulf Oil and Standard Oil (Ind.)
8-0036 OIL SHALE, water sources for development
25-0029 OIL SHALE INDUSTRY, pollution problems and research needs
4-0049 OIL SPILLS, ground saturation
15-0036 OIL SPILLS, potential source of tumors in marine animals
-26-
-------
Ref. No.
17-0051 OIL SPILLS, study of effects on marine life in sediment
* 3-0052 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, allergies
* 1-0022 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, coatings
12-0007 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, four new products introduced in 1974 for textiles
*22-0016 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, new ICI compound for polyesters
* 1-0021 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS,. polymers
* 3-0052 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, potential mutants
* 4-0009 ORANGE MOLYBDENUM, carcinogen
17-0056 ORGANIC BROMIDE, potential tissue mutagen
13-0048 ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS, negligible environmental impact as anti-fouling materials
13-0047 ORGANOMETALLIC POLYVINYLS, antifouling coating materials show negligible environmental impact
9-0006 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTERS, chiral isomers
13-0047 ORGANOTIN ANTI-FOULING COATINGS, health effects, toxicity, carcinogenicity
24-0041 OSHA STANDARDS offer challenge to analytical chemistry
8-0002 OSHA WORKPLACE exposure standards to be proposed for arsenic, toluene diisocyanate, trichloro-
ethylene, benzene, beryllium, lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and mercury
7-0055 OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT, effects on marine shellfish
10-0038 OZONE, effective water purifier
7-0050 OZONE, electric power generating plants as source of
9-0050 OZONE, physiological dysfunction hazards
12-0035 OZONE, power plant plume chemistry approach
9-0051 OZONE, power plant plume levels versus regional levels
9-0052 OZONE, power plants may be effective in controlling downwind levels
*24-0014 OZONE, scientists at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration find no evidence that human
activities caused recent thinning of ozone layer
*24-0007 OZONE, theoretical chemical-diffusion model to study effect of human activities on the ozone layer
9-0056 OZONE AND OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS, travelling from urban to rural areas
7-0021 OZONE AT HIGH ALTITUDES, increase in period of peak fluorocarbon production
*13-0018 OZONE CONTROVERSY, Congressional hearings
*24-0010 OZONE CONTROVERSY, review of
*18-0012 OZONE DESTRUCTION, problems' scope grows but its urgency recedes
*18-0019 OZONE LAYER, explanation of variations in
*23-0009 OZONE LAYER of earth will be studied by a satellite scheduled for launch in November 1975
*21-0009 OZONE LOSS in stratosphere, errors noted in previous calculations
22-0035 PALLADIUM, toxicity and metabolism of
22-0040 'PALLADIUM SALTS, toxicity of
*16-0047 PARTICLES, their passage through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract
10-0037 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS, health hazard
15-0051 PARTICULATE POLLUTION, damage to lungs
15-0058 PARTICULATES, optical device for measuring emissions from various sources
25-0002 PARTICULATES, review of primary and secondary particulates as pollutants
. 17-0039 PATHOGENIC VIRUSES may thwart land disposal
20-0042 PATHWAYS for L-tyrosine biosynthesis in microorganisms
16-0099 PEATLAND ECOSYSTEMS
1-0051 PENNSYLVANIA ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
23-0013 PENTACHLOROBENZENE, identified as contaminant in commercial hexachlorobenzene
5-0015 PENTAMETHYLPHOSPHOROTRIAMIDE, promising flame retardant for cotton textiles
*13-0032 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, effective for improving fluorescent whitening agents
25-0019 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, environmental impact evaluated on basis of stability, movement, bio-
concentration and toxicity
14.-0030 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, handling and properties
10-0023 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, market demand drops
15-0042 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, NIOSH requesting information on to develop criteria documents for setting
work-place exposure standards
26-0035 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, non-carcinogenic in rats according to inhalation tests conducted by Dow Chemical
17-0029 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, physical properties, vapor pressure, fish toxicity
16-0086 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, plasma hexachlorobenzene (HCB) levels of workers exposed to waste from
production of
11-0019 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, properties and human response to vapors of
20-0047 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, retention in fabrics
20-0048 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, solid-waste disposal study
25-0026 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, toxic and teratogenic effects on rat and mice embryos
11-0019 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, use In vapor degreasing on the Increase because of drop in trichloroethylene
use following OSHA/EPA rules
2-0017 PERFLUOROBUTENE-2, mutagenic effects
2-0018
*18-0018 PERFLUOROCARBONS, gas-liquid critical properties of binary mixtures
5-0059 PERFLUORODECALIN, used as artifical blood and breathable liquid
*15-0024 PERFLUORONEOPENTANE and other structurally unusual fluorocarbons, synthesis by direct fluorinatlon
19-0042 PESTICIDE, hazards to fish and birds from toxaphene
7-0054 PESTICIDE, intake via cigarette smoking
20-0062 PESTICIDE RESIDUES may be entering human tissues via wool and synthetic carpets in homes
26-0042 PESTICIDES, farmworkers may be faced with health hazards from unnecessary use aimed at making
fruits merely "cosmetically-acceptable"
6-0045 PESTICIDES, Government and industry problems in relation to hazardous compounds
19-0041 PESTICIDES, hazards of residues for the field workers
25-0037 PESTICIDES, linked to deaths of pelicans
26-0045 PESTICIDES, marine transport
4-0057 PESTICIDES, proposed environmental regulations
25-0043 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, inhalation toxicity
2-0044 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, marine organism hazards
3-0067 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, marine pollutants
23-0019 PETROLEUM TARS on ocean surface, potential effects on marine organisms
*16-0060 PHARMACOLOGY of fibrosis and tissue Injury
16-0100 N-PHENYL-B-NAPHTHYLAMINE, new analytical technique for measurement of in rubber antioxldants
-27-
-------
Ref. No.
2-0051
24-0036
2-0060
23-0020
17-0053
5-0017
17-0053
5-0015
14-0010
5-0012
7-0056
12-0006
1-0050
7-0056
9-0050
5-0061
5-0062
*12-0017
*20-0049
1-0001
*18-0028
* 7-0041
* 9-0035
M4-0031
*13-0033
*17-0030
*18-0026
*18-0027
5-0057
21-0032
13-0050
7-0053
24-0035
9-0020
4-0047
1-0046
24-0029
11-0027
13-0052
26-0001
*13-0019
22-0038
22-0035
22-0034
22-0040
9-0053
23-0025
11-0032
23-0021
11-0031
3-0071
5-0058
9-0053
19-0038
7-0058
15-0056
8-0045
2-0052
8-0046
14-0048
2-0029
5-0063
23-0025
21-0027
21-0028
15-0053
14-0009
17-0007
14-0009
17-0007
20-0016
8-0010
17-0007
10-0008
10-0008
7-0053
25-0012
a-PHENYLINDOLE, health hazard
PHOSPHATE, Monsanto offers replacement compound to laundry detergent makers
PHOSPHATE DETERGENTS, ban repeal, Connecticut
PHOSPHAZENE POLYMERS, potentially useful new polymers for coatings, insulation, medical
applications
PHOSPHAZENE RUBBER, new product flexible over wide temperature range
PHOSPHINE-BASED FLAME RETARDANT for cotton testing fabric
PHOSPHONITRILIC FLUOROELASTOMERS, new flexible rubber may eventually replace urethane foam in
conventional uses
PHOSPHORAMIDE DERIVATIVES, new flame retardants for cotton textiles
PHOSPHORUS-BASED FLAME RETARDANT for cellulosics
PHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE, nerve damage
PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN BASED FLAME RETARDANTS, effect of impurities, cotton fabric finishes
PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE, HAZARDS
PHOSVEL, potential neurotoxic Insecticide
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS, physiological dysfunction hazards
PHOTODEGRADABLE POLYMERS, biodegradation
PHTHALATE DIESTERS, identification of their metabolites in rat urein
PHTHALATE ESTER, toxicity in human cell cultures
PHTHALATE ESTERS, marine pollutants
PHTHALATE ESTERS, microbial degradation
PHTHALATE ESTERS, toxic effects on shrimp egg hatching
PHTHALATE ESTERS, toxicity and health threats
PHTHALATE PLASTICIZER, new product offered as general-purpose, low-volatility plasticizer for
PVC
PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS, health status of USSR workers handling
PHTHALATES, analytical procedure for analysis of in animal tissue
PHTHALATES, consumption of OOP, DIOP, and DIDP plastlclzers on decrease
PHTHALATES, heartrate depressors in goldfish
PLACENTA, possible indicator of environmental exposure
PLASTIC BEVERAGE CONTAINERS, FDA will not ban their use for soft drinks and beer but admits
bottles could create litter problems
PLASTIC CONTAINERS, environmental Impact apt to be lower than that of similar nonplastic
containers
PLASTIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS, sensory irritation
PLASTIC FILMS (LDPE), collected in nets of Swedish fisherman are covered with growth of
biological material
PLASTICS ADDITIVES, for use as flame retardants and smoke suppressants under development at
NL Industries
PLASTICS, in contact with food, toxic hazards
PLASTICS, marine pollutants
PLASTICS, new fire hazard from evolution of hydrochloric acid gas during burning of plastics
(e.g., PVC) containing chlorine
PLASTICS, potential environmental damage from production of
PLASTICS, potential hazard to marine life
PLASTICS, public health Implications associated with components of
PLASTICS, used to aid containment of solids, liquids, and vapors containing plutonlum in
nuclear processing plants
PLATINUM, biological tissue analysis
PLATINUM, toxicity and metabolism of
PLATINUM METALS, effect on biological systems
PLATINUM SALTS, toxicity of
PLUTONIUM, carcinogen in rats
PLUTONIUM (PU-239 AND 240), concentration in marine environment and uptake by biota
PLUTONIUM, EPA hearings weigh potential safety hazards
PLUTONIUM, hazardous potential downgraded
PLUTONIUM, health of workers
PLUTONIUM, potential carcinogen
PLUTONIUM, potential human carcinogen
PLUTONIUM, powdered oxide form being shipped by air represents potential health hazard
PLUTONIUM, public hearing on environmental regulations
POLLUTANTS, detection of by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer coupled to minicomputer
POLLUTANTS, effects on human body detailed
POLLUTANTS, genetic hazards
POLLUTANTS, health effects of air, water, and food contaminants
POLLUTANT THRESHOLDS, scientists believe levels safe for human health exist but debate means
of determining limits
POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATIONS, coal gasification and shale oil processing
POLLUTION, problems of the future
POLONIUM-210, concentration in marine environment and uptake by biota
POLONIUM-210, in tobacco, potential cause of lung cancer
POLONIUM-210, potential lung carcinogen in hamsters
POLYAMIDE, questions relate to its potential toxicity, residual levels, and ultimate fate when
used as microencapsulating material for pesticides
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL, in blood of farmers exposed to animal feed contaminated with
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, potential carcinogens, mutagens and/or teratogens
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, potential cause of death to cattle, hogs, other animals
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, potential cause of liver damage
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, teratogenicity in mice
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, toxic effects, cattle
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, toxicity greater than that of polychlorinated biphenyls
POLYBROMOBIPHENYL, potential flame retardant for Nylon 66
POLYBROMOBIPHENYL OXIDE, potential flame retardant for Nylon 66
POLYCARBONATE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS, sensory irritation
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, comparison of environmental data with data on brominated biphenyls
-28-
-------
Ref. No.
24-0034 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB'S), limited use or complete ban called for by Michigan groups
because high levels still found in lake fish
*18-0016 POLYCHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE, relaxation phenomena deduced from dielectric and ultrasonic
measurements
17-0059 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, the analytical, geochemical and environmental implications
of their presence in soils and recent marine sediments
24-0034 POLYDIMETHYL SILOXANE, potential alternative for PCB's now being promoted by Dow as alternative
for PCS's as transformer fluid
18-0031 POLYETHER-URETHANES, morphology of
8-0013 POLYETHYLENEIMINE, fiame retardant component
5-0011 POLYETHYLENEIMINE-MODIFIED WOOL FIBERS, adsorption of mercury by
26-0018 POLYETHVLENES, potential tumorigenics when implanted in rats
26-0044 POLYIMIDES, new high-temperature adhesives for titanium metal alloys are based on Gulf Oil's
benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
9-0054 POLYMER TUBES, water contamination
3-0069 POLYMERIC MATERIALS, smoke inhalation effects
5-0019 POLYMERS, fire properties
5-0064 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, water pollutants
4-0041 POLYPROPYLENE, potential substitute for polyvinyl chloride in bottles and jars
5-0014 POLYSILOXANES, flame retardants for cotton and other materials
14-0010 POLYSILOXANES, new flame retardants
7-0053 POLYSTYRENE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS, sensory irritation
*12-0009 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE, morphology
*18-0017 POLYTRIFLUOROETHYLENE, heat capacity of
15-0043 POLYURETHANE, extreme toxicity (rats) from combustion products of a fire-retarded foam
12-0020 POLYURETHANE, fire hazard of rigid insulation
17-0032 POLYURETHANE, new cast-polyurethane tire is low in cost and has good road properties
7-0042 POLYURETHANE, recycling technique for foam scrap
3-0025 POLYURETHANE, sensory irritation effects of decomposition products
20-0018 POLYURETHANE, study of mechanisms of flame retardance during combustion of flexible foam
6-0029 POLYURETHANE, tensile strength
11-0022 POLYURETHANE COATINGS, industrial hygiene evaluations of spraying
26-0001 POLYURETHANE DUST, pulmonary response to
9-0036 POLYURETHANE-ETHER FOAMS, toxic combustion products
11-0021 POLYURETHANE FOAM IN PLACE PACKAGING, toxicogenic hazards and environmental effects
6-0030 POLYURETHANE FOAM, new manufacturing plant
12-0021 POLYURETHANE FOAM, recycling process
4-0016 POLYURETHANE FOAM, substitute for polystyrene for fire retardant TV cabinets
3-0041 POLYURETHANE INTERMEDIATES, Canadian production
13-0025 POLYURETHANE PRODUCTS, precautions for use of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in manufacture of
6-0031 POLYURETHANES, auto bumpers save on collision repair costs
25-0020 POLYURETHANES, blowing agents for
3-0055 POLYURETHANES, chemistry, technology, applications
1-0025 POLYURETHANES, company news
3-0056 POLYURETHANES, degradation products from pyrolysis of flexible urethane foam
20-0051 POLYURETHANES, dynamic properties of cast urethane elastomers
22-0018 POLYURETHANES, flame retardant
20-0052 POLYURETHANES, light-stable products derived from adiponitrile carbonate
5-0019 POLYURETHANES, mechanism of smoke production from added flame retardants
26-0018 POLYURETHANES, potential tumorigenics when Implanted in rats
1-0023 POLYURETHANES, production
1-0024
1-0012 POLYURETHANES, production and uses
10-0022
13-0035 POLYURETHANES, sales, consumption, supply
22-0017 POLYURETHANES, sugar-based
20-0050 POLYURETHANES, TDI-termlnated aliphatic polyesters, cured with MOCA, provide polyester-based
polyurethanes with moisture resistance equivalent to polyether-based urethanes
18-0029 POLYURETHANES, thermal degradation of by hexamethyldisllazane
1-0026 POLYURETHANES, uses
5-0041 POLYURETHANES, UV cured coatings, potential pollution control method
17-0003 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, capacity and market share for 1974 and 1978 for seven major petroleum
companies
8-0037 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, dielectrlcal local mode relaxations
18-0035 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, dynamic mechanical properties of plasticized PVC
8-0043 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, economic impact seen devastating if Government forces shutdown of all
U.S. PVC resin plants
18-0034 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, fracture toughness
4-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, health hazards, thermal decomposition products of meat packaging films
6-0043 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, in membrane filters for dust sampling
14-0041 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, increasing use seen In thermoplastic foam pipes
26-0001 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, industrial preparation of
16-0107 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, manufacture of used as example of changes in equipment design In a
changing economy
12-0027 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, market demand still strong Indicating no effects yet from new safety
standards
10-0031 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, market grows for artificial Christmas trees with PVC needles
12-0024 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, mechanism of dc electrical conductivity
* 5-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, medical devices, potential toxicology
12-0025 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, molecular relaxation
17-0033 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, new technology and markets
12-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, new 220-mllllon Ib/yr plant receives permanent operating permit from Texas
Air Control Board
11-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Norsk Hydro to produce again after plant modifications and autoclave
additions
6-0042 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, one angiosarcoma death In Norwegian worker
6-0042 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, one Norwegian plant shut down pending study of hazards to workers
14-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, packagings found environmentally superior to paper and other packaging
-29-
-------
Ref. No.
21-0022 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, potential production from wood
8-0042 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, producers with old buildings may be harder hit than monomer producers or
fabricators by OSHA standards
24-0006 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, production Is potential source of organic mlcropollutants In water
4-0043 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, production, sales, exports
8-0039 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE,.production to be cut by 50Z at Goodyear Tire and Rubber
14-0037 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, pyrolysis of
*13-0019 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, radiation limit
13-0035 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, sales, consumption, supply
18-0033 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, thermal stability of graft modifications
13-0044 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, three cases of liver cancer in polyvinyl chloride resin manufacture
* 7-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, toxicity potential in plastic devices exposed to blood
14-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND OTHER PLASTICS PACKAGINGS, found environmentally superior to paper,
glass, and metal packaging
24-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE DUST, biologically as active as chrysotile asbestos
24-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE DUST, potential health hazard
24-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE DUST, source of pneumoconiosis in rats and one human
6-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FILM, new low-temperature cutting unit for supermarket wrapping
6-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FILM, toxic fume hazard in supermarket wrapping operations
16-0111 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PIPE, use of is increasing
13-0043 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLASTICS, source of hydrochloric acid gas when burned
11-0024 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESIN, new non-polluting product announced in Japan should be in commercial
production by March 1975
13-0040 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESINS, lower VCM content claimed possible with new venting/air-purging system
10-0030 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESINS, producers upping production capacity
13-0042 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESINS, production and sales
9-0054 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE TUBES, water contamination
*18-0017 POLYVINYL FLUORIDE, heat capacity of
14-0043 POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, coated on glassIne as substitute for aluminum-foil laminate
*20-0023 POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE has many uses in pulp and paper industry because of its corrosion
resistance
*18-0017 POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE, heat capacity of
*13-0019 POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE, use in nuclear processing plants; radiation limit
24-0047 POWER PLANTS, effect of discharges on fish
26-0046 POWER PLANTS, effects on local weather and climate
2-0054 PRINTING INK, raw materials hazards
5-0042 B-PROPIOLACTONE, carcinogen, reaction mechanism
2-0015 B-PROPIOLACTONE, carcinogenic testing
23-0011 B-PROPIOLACTONE, collection and analysis of in ambient atmospheres
23-0012
*15-0011 B-PROPIOLACTONE, high potency tumor-Inducing substance in animals
9-0037 B-PROPIOLACTONE, In study of erroneous base-pairing via chemical carcinogen during DNA synthesis
16-0101 B-PROPIOLACTONE, intermolecular linking and fragmentation of DNA by
9-0037 B-PROPIOLACTONE, mutagen and carcinogen in animal studies
22-0019 B-PROPIOLACTONE, mutagenic effect
12-0001 B-PROPIOLACTONE, OSHA emergency standard in effect
16-0101 B-PROPIOLACTONE, potential carcinogen and mutagen
5-0010 B-PROPIOLACTONE, structure relative to mechanism of carcinogenicity
3-0002 PROPIONITRILE, hazards to animals
24-0049 N-3-PYRIDYLMETHYL-N'-p-NITROPHENYL UREA, active ingredient in rodenticide (Vacor) sickens
Korean chemist
17-0040 N-3-PYRIDYLMETHYL-N'-prNITROPHENYL UREA, new toxic rodenticide available
5-0018 PYROVATEX, flame retardant for textiles
22-0043 RADIATION, environment, new EPA limits
5-0018 RADIATION, Its use for fixation of flame retardants in textile industry
9-0053 RADIATION, potential carcinogen
5-0018 RADIATION, potential processing tool for textile industry
15-0037 RADIONUCLIDES, food chain transport and bioaccumulation of potentially hazardous
20-0060 RADIUM AND PROMETHIUM, potential radiation hazards when used for painting dials of clocks
and watches
21-0029 RED DYE NO.2, FDA group could not substantiate Russian carcinogenicity claims
21-0029 RED DYE NO.2, FDA recommends human consumption be limited to 150 mg/day and use In beverages
be limited to not more than 50 ppm
21-0029 RED DYE NO.2, no embryotoxlc manifestations in rats according to FDA tests
6-0053 RED DYE NO.2, potential carcinogen and fetotoxicant
17-0044 RED DYE NO.2, recommended limit of 2.0 mg/kg per person per day by FDA
17-0043 REGULATORY PROCESS, NAS conducting $5 million study for EPA to determine how process should work
13-0035 RESINS, shortage not yet over
9-0042 RIBOFLAVIN, potential toxigen, mutagen and carcinogen
24-0043 RODENTICIDE, evidence indicates Vacor, new product from Rohm and Haas may be toxic to humans
when Ingested
17-0040 RODENTICIDE, new acutely toxic product available from Rohm & Haas
24-0049 RODENTICIDE, seven deaths in South Korea may be due to Improper use of Vacor, made by Rohm
and Haas
11-0030 RUBBER CHEMICALS, United Rubber Workers financing studies to investigate possible disease-
causing characteristics of
7-0006 RUBBER INDUSTRY, occupational hazards
12-0032 SACCHARIN, potential carcinogenicity questioned
12-0033 SACCHARIN, still eludes carcinogen label
15-0054 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT, provisions and enforcement
16-0005 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT OF 1974, may hasten demise of deep well disposal of industrial waste
16-0005 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT OF 1974, strengthens EPA's authority re industrial water polluters
-30-
-------
Ref. No.
26-0041 SALINITY, effects on surface charge characteristics of phytoplankton
26-0048 SCREENING TESTS for pulmonary function abnormality
16-0124 SEA-BASED CHEMICAL PLANTS for converting natural gas to ammonia and urea may have environmental
advantages
17-0039 SECONDARY WASTEWATER SPRAY IRRIGATION, potential hazard to man because of attendant viruses
4-0051 SEVIN 4 OIL, experimental insecticide
5-0044 SHALE OIL, Canadian activities and process
1-0028 SHALE OIL, carcinogenic wastes
19-0034 SHALE OIL, conversion into fuel hoped-for 1985 production goals not likely because of
technical problems
13-0037 SHALE OIL, development as source of crude oil depends on solutions to environmental problems
18-0032 SHALE OIL, Dow ask $42 million from ERDA for seven-year program to develop Michigan shales
that do not contain water-leachable alkalis
9-0040 SHALE OIL, environmental and exploitation problems hinder rapid development
16-0092 SHALE OIL, estimates for 1965 energy supply
22-0021 SHALE OIL, extraction and refining
22-0022
20-0054 SHALE OIL, first major tests of fuels from is underway
7-0044 SHALE OIL, imports from Canada now questionable
5-0064 SHALE OIL, industrial effluents
2-0038 SHALE OIL, mining and production
6-0034 SHALE OIL, possible carcinogenic airborne emissions factor in halting project
7-0045 SHALE OIL, potential problems of water supply, solid waste disposal and water quality
16-0104 SHALE OIL, production of oil and gas from planned by Dow-Chemical
5-0046 SHALE OIL, prospects, Colony backs out; other operations to continue
5-0043 SHALE OIL, Sohio activities and process
5-0045 SHALE OIL, U.S. reserves and manufacturing economics
*13-0021 SHALE-OIL AND GAS, new extraction retort uses steam gas reclrculatlon
7-0043 SHALE OIL PROCESS, environmental planning
2-0029 SHALE OIL PROCESSING, pollution control regulations
23-0022 SHELLFISH-KILL, traced to copper-nickel tubing corroded by salt water
5-0014 SILICONES, flame retardants for cotton and other materials
18-0004 SINGLE-SWEEP POLAROGRAPHY, analytical technique for arsenic and other micropollutants in
ground and surface waters
M2-0008 SINTERED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE, viscoelastic properties
17-0034 SLUDGE RESIDUES FROM MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, methods of treatment
23-0026 SMELTER WORKERS, high cancer death rates noted for retired workers
* 7-0038 SODIUM 2(4-STYRYL-3-SULFOPHENYL)-2H-NAPHTHO-]l,2-D]-TRIAZOLE, fluorescent whitening agent,
toxlcity studies
10-0004 SODIUM ARSENATE, teratogenicity and embryolethality in rats, hamsters, and mice
10-0006 SODIUM ARSENATE, carcinogeniclty study on rats
5-0069 SODIUM CHLORIDE, new use, bacteria protection from radiation damage
11-0008 SODIUM DICHROMATE, flame retardant effects on wood fires
* 3-0051 SODIUM FLUORESCEIN, toxicity In animals
20-0048 SOLID WASTES, reduction of 13.6% by 1977 predicted from Improvements in waste disposal In study
of 33 chemicals
5-0029 SOLVENT REFINED COAL (SRC) PROCESS, progress
3-0066 SOLVENT-REPROCESSING PLANT, potential cancer hazard
2-0050 SOLVENTS, health hazard
16-0123 SPRAY ADHESIVES, absence of damage to human chromosomes indicated
2-0046 SPRAY ADHESIVES, mutants
2-0047
24-0039 SPRAY ADHESIVES, potential teratogen in hamsters
*13-0012 SSTs, existing craft will not affect earth's ozone layer
12-0029 STYRENE, Industry sponsors toxicity and mutagenlcity studies
15-0051 SULFATES AND OTHER PARTICULATES, damage to lungs
17-0046 SULFATE EMISSIONS, tighter restrictions by EPA may be coming
9-0045 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE, tracer for transport and dispersion of air pollutants
2-0055 SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTS, hazards
22-0037 SUSPENDED SULFATES, effects on health
19-0034 SYNTHETIC FUEL, hoped-for 1985 production goals not likely because of technical problems
16-0091 SYNTHETIC FUELS INDUSTRY in U.S. receives high priority from Ford Administration
16-0092 SYNTHETIC OIL AND GAS, estimates for 1985 energy supply
*20-0010 TACONITE TAILINGS, shown to be nonstimulatory and nontoxlc to Lake Superior Algae
*19-0006 TALC, FDA still seeking accurate means of measuring possible traces of asbestos or other known
carcinogens in
7-0006 TALC, health hazard to workers
* 5-0007 TALC, potential carcinogen
*19-0006 TALC, used to coat short-grained rice may contain asbestos, a potential carcinogen
2-0057 TAR BALLS, effects on animals and plants
14-0034 TAR-SANDS, Canadian projects likely to come to a halt
14-0034 TAR-SANDS, U.S. reserves largely untouched
*13-0019 TEFLON, use in nuclear processing plants; radiation limit
4-0013 TETRABROMOPHTRALIC ANHYDRIDE, flame retardant for wool and nylon
21-0026 TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN, potential cause of poisoning in humans, horses, and other animals
17-0045 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN, retention and excretion of by rats
25-0040 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-l,4-uIOXIN, toxic effects on laboratory workers
22-0041 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHENE, degradability of
15-0042 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (PERCHLOROETHYLENE), NIOSH seeks Information on to develop criteria docu-
ments for setting work-place exposure standards
8-0047 TETRAETHYLLEAD, substitute antiknock compounds may be hazardous to car engines and to health
6-0015 TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE-ETHYLENE POLYMERS, chemically-resistant containers for high-purity chemicals
6-0015 TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE POLYMERS, chemically-resistant containers for high-purity chemicals
5-0020 TETRAFLUOROMETHANE, fire extinguishing agent, health hazards
5-0018 TETRAKIS (HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE (THPC), flame retardant for textiles
-31-
-------
Ref. No.
5-0015
5-0070
16-0125
17-0057
19-0018
15-0028
15-0045
5-0018
5-0018
5-0018
* 7-0038
* 7-0038
* 7-0038
* 7-0038
17-0035
19-0043
6-0013
6-0013
16-0125
2-0027
20-0036
17-0003
20-0035
26-0001
3-0054
3-0043
4-0027
23-0014
25-0021
3-0047
1-0001
12-0001
8-0002
1-0017
10-0022
3-0056
1-0015
1-0016
26-0001
3-0002
10-0014
8-0030
20-0050
11-0022
14-0002
12-0032
12-0033
19-0042
24-0037
16-0002
14-0047
16-0120
26-0047
7-0060
15-0004
10-0046
11-0018
4-0045
14-0017
4-0015
* 5-0006
18-0040
3-0026
22-0032
26-0035
22-0041
13-0036
6-0032
2-0037
9-0038
3-0057
1-0027
3-0058
2-0022
3-0059
23-0017
24-0026
14-0030
12-0005
20-0053
12-0023
TETRAMETHYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC CHLORIDE, starting compound for phosphoramide type flame retardants
TETRANITROMETHANE, by-product recovery from TNT production will cut air pollution
TETRANITROMETHANE, pollutant from manufacture of TNT converted Into nltroform, which can be used
In production of high energy missile propellents
TEXTILE AIR POLLUTION, sources and control of
TEXTILE FINISHING AOENTS, new technology may abolish concern over potential carcinogens
TEXTILE FINISHING OPERATIONS may pose a chemical hazard because of potential formation of
bis(chloromethyl) ether
THORIUM DIOXIDE, potential liver carcinogen in man
THPC-UREA, flame retardant for textiles
THPOH-AMIDE, flame retardant for textiles
THPOH-NHj, flame retardant for textiles
TINOPAL AM5, fluorescent whitening agent, toxiclty, mutagenlcity, teratogenicity
TINOPAL 5BM, fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity, mutagenlcity, teratogenicity
TINOPAL CBS, fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity
TINOPAL RBS, fluorescent whitening agent, toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity
TIRE MANUFACTURING CHEMICALS, potential carcinogens
TITANIUM DIOXIDE, chloride-process plant leak generates cloud of titanium tetrachloride and
chloride with no serious injuries reported
TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE, flame retardant for cellulosic fabrics
TITANYL SULFATE, flame retardant for cellulosic fabrics
TNT, pollutant (tetranitromethane) from production of explosive converted into needed chemical
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, analysis and detection
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, analytical methods for calibration of continuous monitor using the
diffusion cell as the propagating medium
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, capacity and market share for 1974 and 1978 for seven major petroleum
companies
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, clinical, physiologic and immunologic changes in workers exposed to
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, epidemiology of TDI-induced respiratory disease
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, Foamex process
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, health hazard survey
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, inhalation effects
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, instrument for continuous monitoring of
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, long-term health effects
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, manufacturing facility meets OSHA standards re carcinogens
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, marine pollutant
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, OSHA preparing standard for
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, OSHA workplace exposure standards to be proposed
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, production
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, production capacity increase
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, pyrolysls product from flexible urethane foam
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, respiratory effects
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, respiratory effects on workers in manufacturing plant
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, respiratory hazard
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, respiratory hazards
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, use and handling in new urethane plant conforms to OSHA safety standards
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, used to prepare new moisture-resistant polyester-based polyurethanes
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, workers' exposure to in spray painting of polyurethane coatings
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATES, U.S. exports Increased in 1974
o-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE, impurity in saccharin may be carcinogenic
o-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE, potential bladder carcinogen
TOXAPHENE, potential hazard to fish and birds
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT, economic impact on chemical Industry
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL BILL, arguments pro and con
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL BILL, from Congress expected to be "tough" on industry
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL BILL, pros and cons
TOXICOLOGY, early detection of occupational hazards (Proceedings of a Workshop)
TRACE METAL POLLUTANTS, detection of in water
TRACE METALS, analytical techniques for measuring and monitoring in water supplies
TRACE METALS AND METAL-ORGANIC INTERACTIONS in water
TRANSPORT MODELING, environmental distribution and cycling
-------
Ref. No.
10-0023 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, market demand may drop
22-0020 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, method for analysis of wastes from
21-0017 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, NCI carcinogenic alert spurs producers to propose industry-sponsored
research program
24-0025 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, not used to any great extent in the processing of spices
2-0022 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, operating room hazards
12-0001 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, OSHA preparing standard for
8-0002 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, OSHA workplace exposure standards to be proposed
16-0102 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, possible use as an anesthetic
1-0030 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential carcinogen
26-0035 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential carcinogen according to feeding tests with mice
26-0019 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential carcinogen will no longer be used by General Foods in its
decaffeinated coffees
10-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential neurological hazard
11-0019 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, properties and human response to vapors of
4-0034 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, physiological effects
24-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, reportedly carcinogenic in mice
20-0047 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, retention in fabrics
14-0032 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, review of recommendations for a standard
16-0103 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, skin toxicity
25-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, toxic and teratogenic effects on rat and mice embryos
3-0057 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, toxic effects, humans
20-0053 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, U.S. production in 1974 was 434 million Ib.
24-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, use for food extractions under attack since NCI reported it caused
carcinogenicity in mice
21-0017 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, use in vapor degreasing of metal parts has declined but still takes 90-95*
of production
11-0019 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, use in vapor degreasing on downswing because of OSHA/EPA rulings
6-0018 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, biotransformation in Beagles and man
*25-0016 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, concentrations associated with cardiac conduction system toxicity
*15-0025 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, distribution and increase of F-ll in the troposphere, 1971-4
*25-0017 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, hamsters born with cardiac muscle defect are predisposed to
trichlorofluoromethane toxicity
3-0026 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
6-0019 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, kinetics of uptake and elimination in Beagles and man
*20-0027 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, long-range transport in the atmosphere
7-0022 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, occurrence in surface seawater
*25-0015 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, cardiac arrhythmias in hypoxlc animals during aerosol propellant
inhalation
7-0018 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, cardiac toxicity studies, dogs
7-0019 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, cardiac toxicity studies, rats and cats
7-0018 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, inhalation toxicity
6-0014 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, potential cardiac toxicant
*12-0010 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, in new fluorinated solvent from Du Font
3-0026 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
3-0031 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, new production process
* 5-0006 TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant
*21-0003 TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, new Kronltex 100 triaryl phosphate material may replace as flre-retardant
plasticlzer for PVC
23-0011 TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, sorbent used in extracting vapors from a flowing gas stream
21-0006 TRI(2:3-DIBROMOALLYL) PHOSPHATE, typical of new series of flame-proofing agents for natural
and synthetic fibers
5-0026 1,2,4,5,9,10-TRIEPOXYDECANE, carcinogenic activity
*16-0078 TRIFLUORACETATE-PROTEIN CONJUGATE, potential antigen
5-0020 TRIFLUOROBROMOMETHYL BROMIDE, fire extinguishing agent, health hazards
*20-0025 TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZENES, electron distribution
7-0056 TRI-ORTHO-CRESYLPHOSPHATE, nerve poisoning chemical
* 5-0006 TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant
*21-0004 TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE, in automobile exhaust particulates
20-0018 TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, flame retardant in flexible foamed polyurethanes
20-0018 TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE, flame retardant in flexible foamed polyurethanes
8-0013 TRIS(DICHLOROISOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE, flame retardant component
13-0031 TRISODIUM NITRILOTRIACETATE, concentration in drinking water from detergents
13-0031 TRISODIUM NITRILOTRIACETATE, effect on metabolism of selected metal ions
16-0114 TRITIUM, low levels calculated in food cooked with natural gas from wells stimulated with
nuclear devices
20-0064 TUMORIGENS, NIOSH identifies 1500 compounds as potential
15-0036 TUMORS in marine animals may be monitored to warn of carcinogenic water conditions
*15-0041 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBERS, effect of internal UV absorbers on photodegradation of urethane coatings
3-0002 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBERS, in plastics, potential toxicity
* 1-0021 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBERS, polymers
*19-0009 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, potential health hazards from Increase in, resulting from ozone depletion
5-0041 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION CURABLE COATINGS, potential pollution control technique
26-0001 UNSATURATED HALOGEN MONOMERS, biochemical toxicology of
* 8-0026 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE, threatened shortage following OSHA finding of potential
carcinogenic component
* 3-0039 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE, vapor detection
21-0031 URANIUM MINING, in-situ leaching process on-stream in $7-million commercial operation in Texas
21-0031 URANIUM MINING, Texas Water Quality Board watching in-situ leaching operation to protect
underground water supplies
11-0020 URETHANE, carcinogen for the European hamster
21-0016 URETHANE, dose-response relation re induction of lung tumors in mice by
3-0054 URETHANE, flexible foam by Foamex process
8-0030 URETHANE, new plant conforms to OSHA safety standards
17-0031 URETHANE, review of 1974 and outlook for 1975 markets
-33-
-------
Ref. No.
* 9-002S URETHANE CHEMICALS, Mobay Chemical trebling capacity at Baytown, Texas
10-0021 URETHANE ELASTOMER contains neither TDI nor HOCA, meets OSBA safety requirements
8-0035 URETHANE FOAM, use as fire barrier In cold storage/fire door
8-0035 URETHANE FOAM, use as Insulation for oil storage tanks saves energy
19-0033 URETHANE INSULATION, fire hazards Include rapid formation of thick, toxic smoke
13-0010 URETHANE SANDWICH PANELS, flamnablllty and fire retardance discussed In new book
26-0017 URETHANE-TREATED HUMAN CELLS show chemical malignant transformation in vitro
18-0030 URETHANES, pyrolysls of flexible urethane foam
24-0043 VACOR, new rodenticide may be toxic to humans when ingested
24-0049 VACOR, new Rohm and Haas rodenticide, may have caused seven deaths in South Korea
16-0118 VANADIUM, model of Its fate in urban air shed
16-0118 VANADIUM COMPOUNDS, toxic pollutants
4-0037 VINYL CHLORIDE, 'air pollution emission standards
26-0026 VINYL CHLORIDE, acute liver injury in phenobarbital-pretreated rats
1-0034 VINYL CHLORIDE, air pollutant
4-0044 VINYL CHLORIDE, ambient air levels
16-0002 VINYL CHLORIDE, among examples of potentially hazardous chemicals cited as need for passage
of toxic bill substances control bill
20-0055 VINYL CHLORIDE, among top 50 chemicals showing small growth rate in 1974
1-0044 VINYL CHLORIDE, analyses
12-0022 VINYL CHLORIDE, angiosarcoma death after exposure period of less than four years at high
concentration levels
26-0029 VINYL CHLORIDE, annotated bibliography on health effects of
4-0036 VINYL CHLORIDE, arc-coal acetylene as feedstock for
14-0042 VINYL CHLORIDE, assessment of emissions control techniques and cost
5-0051 VINYL CHLORIDE, banned by CFSC as aerosol spray propellent
21-0018 VINYL CHLORIDE, brief review of reported studies on its carcinogenic effects on humans
3-0060 VINYL CHLORIDE, by-product persistence as marine pollutant
17-0003 VINYL CHLORIDE, capacity and market share for 1974 and 1978 for seven major petroleum companies
* 4-0009 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogen
23-0006 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogen in man now shown to be mutagen
5-0048 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogen, OSHA's problem decision may have far-reaching effects
10-0028 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogenic potential stirs uncertainty about potential unidentified carcinogens
in industry
10-0032 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogenlcity potential could be determined via mutagenlclty tests
2-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE, carcinogenicity studies
15-0044 VINYL CHLORIDE, chromosomal aberrations in workers exposed to
22-0031 VINYL CHLORIDE, chromosome aberrations In
2-0040 VINYL CHLORIDE, class-action suit filed
7-0049 VINYL CHLORIDE, control costs at B.F. Goodrich
14-0011 VINYL CHLORIDE, copolymer latex used in flame retardant finish for cotton fabrics
6-0041 VINYL CHLORIDE, copolymer with vinyl acetate and with other vinyl comonomers, nonwovens,
physical properties
12-0001 VINYL CHLORIDE, court grants stay on enforcement of OSHA's standard
11-0007 VINYL CHLORIDE, court grants stay on timing of OSHA's standard
10-0033 VINYL CHLORIDE, court stays early imposition of new exposure standards
20-0056 VINYL CHLORIDE, detection using carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide Infrared lasers
25-0032 VINYL CHLORIDE, determination of airborne levels by UV-conductivity method
16-0106 VINYL CHLORIDE, crop in demand for has contributed to cut back in chlorine production
4-0038 VINYL CHLORIDE, economic impact study of OSHA's proposed standards
22-0027 VINYL CHLORIDE, effect of plastics factory wastes on marine animals
26-0027 VINYL CHLORIDE, effects of exposure on rats pretreated with phenobarbital
15-0045 VINYL CHLORIDE, environmental pathology studies
15-0045 VINYL CHLORIDE, environmental pathology studies of liver damage effects may lead to new clinical
detection methods
11-0027 VINYL CHLORIDE, environmental wastes from production of plastic bottles
10-0035 VINYL CHLORIDE, EPA studying its behavior in water
19-0036 VINYL CHLORIDE, example of the value of predictive experimental environmental carcinogeneses
7-0048 VINYL CHLORIDE, exposure limits in Sweden
22-0025 VINYL CHLORIDE, exposure standards final
1-0036 VINYL CHLORIDE, exposure studies
24-0031 VINYL CHLORIDE, FDA may ban PVC from contact with food if on-going studies show it to be
carcinogenic upon ingestion
24-0031 VINYL CHLORIDE, FDA may set maximum level of 50 ppb for VC residues in food packaging materials
4-0042 VINYL CHLORIDE, FDA proposed maximum permissible levels for monomer
7-0047 VINYL CHLORIDE, fluid bed catalytic oxidation treats chlorinated wastes
1-0035 VINYL CHLORIDE, food and drug limits
1-0038 VINYL CHLORIDE, foods
1-0013 VINYL CHLORIDE, hair sprays
7-0006 VINYL CHLORIDE, health hazard to workers
26-0025 VINYL CHLORIDE, human and rodent liver-mediated mutagenicity of VC in S. Typhimurium strains
22-0030 VINYL CHLORIDE, Improved exposure test
10-0035 VINYL CHLORIDE, industry and government discuss OSHA standard for exposure
22-0029 VINYL CHLORIDE, industry appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court re standards
20-0057 VINYL CHLORIDE, industry efforts to meet OSHA standard, improve processing techniques, expand
capacities, etc.
1-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE, industry research
3-0026 VINYL CHLORIDE, inhalation toxicity, monkeys
3-0061 VINYL CHLORIDE, involvement with potential carcinogen
16-0112 VINYL CHLORIDE, lessons for industry and Government noted in recent controversy over OSHA
standard
1-0032 VINYL CHLORIDE, liver cancer
3-0065
3-0062 VINYL CHLORIDE, liver cancer in PVC fabrication workers
3-0002 VINYL CHLORIDE, liver carcinogen
3-0064
12-0023 VINYL CHLORIDE, liver damage in rats pretreated with phenobarbital
-34-
-------
Ret. No.
18-0036
1-0043
17-0034
1-0001
14-0035
4-0039
14-0036
25-0034
24-0032
22-0023
3-0063
1-0030
10-0026
25-0031
25-0035
15-0046
10-0032
16-0105
11-0029
8-0038
17-0005
10-0029
5-0050
1-0033
1-0040
1-0045
2-0042
26-0024
12-0001
5-0053
5-0052
26-0023
1-0037
8-0040
3-0065
7-0006
21-0018
6-0046
11-0025
24-0032
15-0044
1-0029
22-0024
1-0041
1-0042
2-0041
5-0049
26-0001
6-0036
6-0037
6-0038
4-0035
26-0028
12-0026
5-0047
4-0041
16-0109
1-0031
17-0037
11-0026
19-0036
22-0028
26-0023
3-0064
9-0041
10-0027
9-0001
17-0035
10-0034
18-0037
14-0039
8-0044
2-0040
21-0019
22-0026
14-0038
15-0046
17-0021
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDK,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
manufacturers nov in compliance with OSHA's standards with no reduction in
production
manufacturing processes
manufacturing residues treated by chlorolysis process to yield chemicals
marine pollutant
may not be main cause of asthma among meat-wrapping personnel
MCA comment on control standards
mechanistic scheme for suspension polymerization of
medical surveillance of workers
metabolism of
method for determination of monomer in air
microorganism toxicity of by-product
mode of action in humans
monitors announced by various manufacturers as a result of OSHA ruling
mortality experience of workers exposed to it for many years
'mortality studies of workers exposed to it over long periods
mutagenic and carcinogenic properties
mutagenic effects occur only after a metabolic activation of the liver
mutagenicity study
new plastic to be announced by Du Pont as competitor for FVC
new sensitive air monitors for plant production
new studies on occupational carcinogenicity
ninth angiosarcoma case reported out of Goodrich plant
occupational health hazards, USSR
occupational safety standards
Ohio Dept. of Health finds no correlation in birth defects with VC
OSHA emergency standard in litigation
OSHA exposure standards meet Industry and labor union opposition
OSHA's standard for exposure to
output in 1975 may drop from 5.7 to 3.7 billion Ib because of drought in PVC
rather than carcinogenesis scare
packaging problems
packaging problem with alcoholic beverages, toxicity and carcinogenic potential
show need for packaging research
potential ban on all aerosols containing
potential brain and lung carcinogen; mice, rats, hamsters
potential carcinogen for organs other than liver
potential carcinogen, problems of control due to varied uses
potential diseases, such as Banti's syndrome, In addition to liver cancer
potential mutagen via its metabolites
potential mutagenicity
pregnancy
price increase
production
production, Norway
proportional mortality among workers
proportional mortality among workers, regional mortality variations
proportional mortality among workers, study criteria
proportional-mortality analysis
pulmonary function defects in nonsmoking workers exposed to
question of control of exposure versus economic impact
removal of VCM in PVC manufacturing plants by activated carbon adsorption
replacement by polypropylene in bottles and jars
reported to cause cancer when ingested by rats may be banned in packaging
materials
research
respirator change in occupational exposure regulations
respirators, description and testing rules
review of carcinogen studies on animals and reported cases in humans
review of carcinogenic effect
revived output in 1976 despite potential drop in 1975 could strain production
capacity
safety standards status and industry problems
SPI requests court stay of occupational exposure standard because of lack of
respiratory equipment supplies
SPI requests stay on OSHA order for mandatory respirators
spill hazards and management
study of reported cancer cases leads to indications that neoprene and other
chemicals are potential carcinogens
summary interpretation of OSHA exposure standard, for fabricators
Swedish firms report low concentrations (1.5 ppm) in workplace ambient air
technical impact of government regulations
techniques in offing for meeting OSHA's standards on workplace levels permitted
toxic substances act
toxicological and migration data with reference to carcinogenic potential
U.K. safety costs $32 million
U.S. appeals court sets April 1 as date for federal occupational standard to
into effect
use of 3,4-dichlorobenzenethiol to trap reactive metabolites formed from
vinyl chloride
used as example to indicate lack of economic advantage of synthesizing chemicali
from coal
-35-
-------
Ref. No.
7-0049 VINYL CHLORIDE, workers want "hazard pay"
25-0001 VINYL CHLORIDE AND OTHER COMPOUNDS, toxic effects under study by various chemical companies
16-0110 VINYL CHLORIDE AND FOLYVINYL CHLORIDE production to continue despite stringent OSHA standards
7-0046 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, air-Jet ventilation protection for Swedish workers
13-0041 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, carcinogenicity may be result of interaction with cytoplastic liver
enzyme
10-0008 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, component of new synthetic fiber (Cordelan) for flame retardant clothing
24-0030 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, detection in industrial atmospheres using the thermal desorption of
activated charcoal directly onto a chromatographic column is reported
accurate and reliable
21-0020 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER determination at sub-ppm level using a personal monitor
6-0035 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, emission standards vary in different countries
20-0057 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, EPA may call for 400 ppm limit of emissions to the atmosphere in mid-1975
25-0033 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, fate of inhaled VCM in rats
26-0001
20-0058 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, FDA holding on action following new Maltonl findings of carcinogenicity
in lab animals fed VCM
19-0035 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, homopolymers and resins from Tenneco Chemicals will have maximum of
10 ppm guaranteeing fabricators work area exposures below 0.5 ppm
set by OSHA
6-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, impact of new OSHA standard
20-0059 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, model re extraction from PVC bottles
20-0058 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, new compounds with 1 ppm or less of residual VCM now available for
packagers
21-0021 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, new filter for respirators cuts levels to 0.1 ppm
13-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, new monitoring instruments
14-0024 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, OSHA standard undoubtedly will be enforced even though courts have
provided temporary stay of compliance
13-0041 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, possible clue to carcinogenicity mechanism
8-0041 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, possible presence in PVC-bottled liquor may be due to depolymerization
13-0001 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, potential carcinogen, spurs industrial testing
17-0036 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, potential carcinogen when ingested
10-0025 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, production capacity increase in doubt but Roblntech Inc. is increasing
capacity of new PVC plant in Freeport, Texas
14-0001 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, production in December 1974 was slightly higher than for December 1973
but year's total production was slightly lower than in 1973
*18-0015 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, short-term inhalation toxicity in rats
14-0002 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, U.S. exports decreased in 1974
13-0040 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, venting/air-purging system reportedly cuts content of in PVC resins
16-0108 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, washed from PVC packaging is suspected carcinogen
10-0009 VINYL CHLORIDE/POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FIBERS, flame retardant
*16-0015 VINYL CHLORIDE-POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, effects on public health studied under NIEHS funding
5-0012 VINYL PHOSPHONATE MONOMER, flame retardant for cellulosics
14-0011 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, copolymer latex used in flame retardant for cotton fabrics
6-0041 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, copolymer with vinyl chloride, nonwovens, physical properties
10-0008 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, flame retardant in modacrylic fibers
12-0029 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, industry sponsors toxicity and mutagenicity studies
25-0031 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, mortality experience of workers exposed to low levels of it in an
industrial vinyl chloride environment
24-0033 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, mutagenlc effect noted in bacteria
26-0025 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, mutagenicity
5-0025 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, potential liver carcinogen
12-0029
6-0044 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, potential carcinogen, mice
12-0029 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, potential inhalation carcinogen, rats
10-0009 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE/ACRYLONITRILE (MODACRYLIC) FIBERS, flame retardant
25-0001 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE AND OTHER CHEMICALS, toxic effects under study by various chemical companies
16-0113 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE MONOMER, industry-sponsored tests on to be administered by Manufacturing
Chemists Association
13-0001 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE MONOMER, potential carcinogen, spurs Industrial testing
6-0015 VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE POLYMERS, chemically-resistant containers for high-purity chemicals
7-0051 VITAMIN E, antioxldant protector against skin cancer from potential ozone reduction in
atmosphere
5-0060 VITAMIN E, life extender for humans under severe environmental pollution
5-0060 VITAMIN E, retarder of aging in human cells
6-0020 VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS, inhalation toxicology
10-0045 WASTE DISPOSAL AT SEA, potential hazards of combustion of organic chlorides
15-0057 WATER, instrumentation and monitoring systems for meeting standards
18-0039 WATER HYACINTHS, may prove source of substitute fuel, animal feed, and fertilizer
18-0039 WATER HYACINTHS, NASA using to remove pollutants from effluents
2-0059 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, New Jersey
3-0074 WATER QUALITY CONTROL, industrial impact
3-0010 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA, Texas
3-0009 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, Illinois
17-0050 WEED KILLER, ocean burning decision due
13-0045 WEEDS, possible pollution filtration systems
2-0045 WOOD, carcinogen
8-0048
8-0048 WOOD-RELATED OCCUPATIONS, mortality from Hodgkin's disease
2-0002
24-0048
X-RAY FLUORESCENT ANALYSIS, arsenic
XYLENE, potential toxicity to humans causes NIOSH to recommend new health and safety criteria
-36-
-------
Ref. No.
22-0039 ZINC, epidemiological survey, Houston, Texas
11-0008 ZINC CHLORIDE, flame retardant effects on wood fires
* 1-0021 ZINC OXIDE, UV stabilizer for polymers
13-0054 ZIRCONIUM, cause of lung disease in monkeya
13-0054 ZIRCONIUM, cause of skin tumors
9-0043 ZIRCONIUM CHLORHYDRATE, lung granulomas
9-0043 ZIRCONIUM CHLORHYDRATE, potential lung damager
9-0043 ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS, skin granulomas
13-0053 ZIRCONIUM, labeled health hazard by FDA advisory panel
13-0053 ZIRCONIUM, potential lung carcinogen
-37-
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
11-0016
18-0033
* 6-0002
20-0021
6-0019
24-0030
M9-0008
19-0031
3-0025
7-0053
4-0026
*16-0067
1-0043
6-0022
*12-0017
*13-0034
*13-0033
15-0037
22-0001
M3-0016
2-0043
* 6-0002
10-0016
9-0051
*21-0024
*16-0067
25-0038
22-0032
*25-0009
5-0064
20-0055
20-0055
5-0050
26-0012
26-0013
*15-0027
11-0019
5-0010
5-0010
* 5-0007
5-0033
5-0021
2-0032
5-0036
1-0019
23-0017
* 2-0035
* 3-0053
* 9-0035
26-0018
9-0054
3-0026
15-0060
7-0020
15-0017
3-0021
14-0051
14-0051
5-0057
20-0015
4-0012
15-0043
12-0024
26-0014
16-0105
3-0029
2-0022
3-0025
21-0026
5-0016
26-0025
16-0105
24-0033
4-0024
7-0033
1-0016
16-0103
25-0022
17-0055
10-0004
20-0016
* 6-0004
16-0100
* 6-0009
2-0002
2-0022
3-0026
AARONS, Leory F.
ABBAS, K.B.
ACKERMAN, Jill
ADAMS, W.G.F.
ADIR, Joseph
AHLSTROM, David H.
AHMED, A. Karim
AKHTAR, J.J.
ALARIE, Y.
ALBERT, Richard A.
ALARIF, A.
ALBRIGHT, Lyle E.
ALBRO, P.W.
ALDYREVA, M.D.
ALEKSAKHIN, R.M.
ALETI, A.
ALLEN, J.R.
ALLEN, N.
ALLISON, C. Anthony
ALM, Alvin L.
ALTSHULLER, A. P.
ALUMOT, Eugenia
AMACHER, D.E.
AMES, Bruce N.
AMSTER, Robert L.
ANCA, Zoe
ANDELMAN, Julian B.
ANDERSON, Earl V.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANTONYUZHENKO, V.A.
ANZUINO, J.
ARCHER, Victor E.
ARCHER, Wesley L.
ARCOS, Joseph C.
ARGUS, MARY F.
ARLON, Robert
ARMBRUSTER, Frank
ASCHKENASE, Lea J.
AUBERT, M.
AUERBACH, Stanley I.
AUSTERN, Barry M.
AUTIAN, J.
AVERY, Michael J.
AVIADO, D.M.
AXTMANN, Robert C.
AZAR, A.
BABISH, J.G.
BACK, Kenneth C.
BADR, F.M.
BADR, Ragaa S.
BAGLAN, R.J.
BAIRD, Rodger B.
BAKER, A.
BALDWIN, R.C.
BALTOG, I.
BANCROFT, Keith
BARBIN, A.
BARNES, J.R.
BARRATT, R.S.
BARROW, C.
BARTHEL, William F.
BARTINGER, William F.
BARTSCH, E.
BARTSCH, Helmut
BASTRON, Robert D.
BATTELLE Memorial Institute
BATTIGELLI, Mario C.
BAUER, Marjorie
BAZIN, M.J.
BEATTIE, A.D.
BEAUDOIN, ALLAN R.
BECK, E.G.
BECKER, J.W.
BEIL, Karen
BEITZ, Lleselotte
BELCHER, R.
'BELEJ, M.
*17-0030
20-0018
6-0001
26-0017
*16-0011
11-0025
10-0006
* 2-0012
8-0045
25-0007
20-0040
16-0123
21-0018
*21-0024
*20-0007
23-0018
* 2-0014
*16-0033
9-0011
3-0056
15-0043
18-0030
*16-0037
5-0036
24-0006
24-0039
6-0018
6-0019
10-0014
9-0023
* 5-0007
26-0002
8-0022
17-0059
3-0042
16-0095
* 6-0005
10-0039
24-0032
24-0032
*16-0055
* 2-0014
*12-0019
17-0027
18-0025
20-0036
* 3-0051
3-0027
19-0003
10-0014
* 9-0009
*16-0024
21-0014
3-0030
5-0021
*21-0004
*11-0004
9-0023
5-0004
*15-0025
22-0033
10-0020
5-0031
5-0057
2-0046
4-0047
20-0047
26-0036
14-0050
3-0011
25-0012
6-0032
*16-0044
26-0042
14-0039
22-0033
22-0040
*16-0054
*13-0019
3-0005
1-0047
1-0047
24-0032
10-0003
7-0017
15-0056
7-0031
BELISLE, Andre A.
BENBOW, A.W.
BENCKO, V.
BENEDICT, William F.
BENNETT, Diane R.
BERK, Paul D.
BERKVENS, Johanna M.
BERNER, A.
BERRY, James W.
BETTLEY, F. Ray
BEYCHOK, Milton R.
BIANCHI, Diana W.
BIBRA, A. M.S.
BIELORAI, Rachel
BIERBAUM, Philip J.
BIERBOWER, George W.
BIGNON, J.
BINGHAM, E.
BIRKY, M.M.
BISCAYE, Pierre E.
BITTEL, R.
BJORN, Josef sson
BLACK, T.N.
BLAKE, D.A.
BLANDFORD, A.G.
BLAU, Gary E.
BLEJER, Hector P.
BLOT, William J.
BLUMENKRANTZ, Michael J
BLUMER, M.
BODNER, Arnold H.
BOGER, Eliahu
BOGOVSKI, P.
BOLANDER, Karen
BOLT, H.M.
BOLT, W.
BOLTON, R.E.
BONNAUD, G.
BOOTH, Gary M.
BOOTH, K.S.
BORGMANN, A.R.
BORGSTEDT, Harold H.
BOTHNER, Michael
BOURKE, M.P.
BOWES, D.R.
BOWLUS, Stephen
BOWMAN, Robert E.
BOYER, Kenneth W.
BRANDT, F.E.
BRANSON, Dean R.
BRAUN, Heinz E.
BRESAN, D.J.
BRIDBORD, Kenneth
BRIDGES, J.W.
BRIGGS, Dale E.
BRILL, A.B.
BRINSON, P.
BRISTON, John H.
B RODMAN, George L.
BROECKER, Wallace S.
BROOKER, M.P.
BROOKSBANK, P.
BROSIER, J.S.
BROTMAN, Martin
BROWN, Arnold
BROWN, Martin
BROWN, Royal A.
BRDBAKER, Paul E.
BRUCH, J.
BRUNS, L.E.
BRYCE, F.
BUCHNEA, A.
BUCHNEA, Dmytro
BUCHTER, A.
BOCK, W.B.
BUDDE, William L.
BUIVIDAS, L.J.
-38-
-------
23-0011
23-0012
12-0025
15-0013
15-0014
10-0037
3-0046
11-0022
1-0046
4-0026
16-0086
*16-0062
23-0013
M8-0014
* 8-0027
* 8-0028
8-0016
3-0042
23-0019
* 6-0002
* 5-0040
6-0041
20-0041
17-0011
* 7-0038
15-0046
7-0003
22-0020
22-0035
9-0044
2-0030
15-0031
15-0032
2-0050
* 3-0013
11-0026
M.5-0010
14-0042
23-0011
23-0012
25-0043
* 2-0012
19-0003
6-0037
21-0026
* 6-0006
* 6-0007
6-0045
4-0018
16-0003
15-0015
*15-0024
16-0117
7-0003
9-0044
14-0022
*13-0017
"15-0023
14-0037
18-0031
17-0001
3-0005
M5-0026
15-0047
*13-0013
1-0003
M9-0013
4-0053
6-0014
*19-0014
M.8-0017
22-0001
20-0051
*22-0004
*16-0066
2-0043
16-0060
4-0019
*19-0011
2-0051
6-0001
3-0025
*16-0080
4-0039
7-0055
10-0039
16-0074
5-0038
1-0019
BUNCH, John E.
BUNGET, I.
BUNTON, C.A.
BURCHARD, John K.
BURKE, Donald F.
BURNETT, Ronald D.
BURNS, Bruce R.
BURNS, James E.
BURRELL, Robert
BURSE, Virlyn W.
BURTON, J.L.
BUSCHEK, J.M.
BUSSARD, David A.
BUTLER, George J.
BUTLER, James N.
BUTTERFIELD, Ann
BUTTON, Lawrence N.
CAIMI, R.J.
CAGLE, G.W.
CALAMARI, T.A.
CALANDRA, J.C.
CALLEMAN, C.J.
CAMBRAY, R.S.
CAMISA, Alfred G.
CAMPBELL, K.
CAMPBELL, T.
CANTON, H.
CAPPIELLO, Vincent
CAPURRO, P.U.
CARIDES, J.N.
CARLSON, Jack W.
CARLSON, Karen T.
CARPENTER, Ben H.
CARPENTER, C.P.
CARPENTER, L.
CARPENTER, Roy
CARTER, Coleman D.
CARTER, L.J.
CARTER, Vernon L.
CASE, A. A.
CASTILLO, M.
CATSIKIS, B.D.
CAVALLERI, Alessandro
CAWSE, P. A.
CELIN, T.
CHAN, F.K.
CHANG, L.W.
CHANG, E.P.
CHANG, Yeong-Jen Peter
CHANTOONI, M.K. Jr.
CHARBONNEAU, S.M.
CHARLESWORTH, F.A.
CHAU, Y.K.
.CHEMICAL SPECLS. MFGRS . ASSN
CHEN, H.C.
CHESICK, John P.
CHEW, Teaihwa J.
CHIOU, W.L.
CHISHOLM, Mo rag
CHOY, C.L.
CHU, S.Y.
CHUNG, D.A.
CHURG, A.M.
CHURG, Jacob
CHRISMAN, C.
CHVAPIL, Milos
CICERONE, Ralph J.
CICOLELLA, A.
CIKRT, M.
CIVIC, T.
CLARE, R.A.
CLARK, Albert C.
CLARK, Robert C. Jr.
CLAUS, G.
CLAYTON, Wesley J. Jr.
CLEASBY, J.L.
CLESCERI, Nicholas L.
21-0026
18-0040
8-0022
17-0058
23-0017
* 9-0026
18-0002
24-0039
1-0046
3-0049
3-0001
*18-0015
5-0027
* 3-0018
25-0034
25-0032
17-0002
13-0003
10-0009
10-0040
20-0016
18-0029
20-0016
8-0025
9-0029
5-0001
24-0045
2-0043
4-0022
4-0025
16-0087
14-0044
20-0043
*20-0027
13-0044
19-0003
*16-0084
10-0047
1-0013
25-0012
3-0067
20-0018
*13-0009
17-0060
*20-0007
1-0020
9-0001
*11-0005
5-0042
20-0059
16-0075
7-0057
14-0046
5-0057
* 6-0002
12-0035
22-0018
*16-0055
17-0028
9-0004
5-0041
24-0017
2-0033
1-0003
*16-0073
10-0042
*20-0027
* 2-0013
*16-0031
11-0022
14-0011
*13-0020
20-0052
* 3-0017
4-0018
15-0043
M6-0072
*10-0011
7-0057
18-0029
15-0039
*20-0028
23-0017
15-0040
M6-0084
*16-0080
16-0123
*25-0008
2-0032
5-0036
CLINE, Richard E.
COATE, William B.
COBURN, Jack W.
CODISPOTI, L.A.
COHEN, Jesse M.
COHEN, Saul G.
COLLINS, George L.
COLLINS, T.F.X.
COLTON, John B.
CONLEY, Walt
CONOLLY, Rory B.
CONSOLIDATION COAL CO.
COOK, Philip M.
COOK, R.R.
CONFER, R.G.
COOKE, A.S.
COOKSON, J.B.
COOPER, A.S.
COOPER, P.
CORBETT, T.H.
CORNELL, John H.
CORNELL, R.G.
CORNIER, R.F.
CORNILS, B.
CORRIDAN, John P.
COTTIS, S.G.
COURI, D.
COUSINS, Michael J.
COWEN, D.M.
COX, Geraldine V.
CRAIG, Robert B.
COX, R.A.
CREECH, J.L.
CRECELIUS, Eric
CROMWELL, Thomas H.
CROSS, Frank L.
CROSSLAND, Janice
CRUMMETT, W.B.
CULKIN, F.
CULLIS, C.F.
CUNNINGHAM, H.M.
CUPP, James
CURTIS, Robert
DAETZ, Douglas
DAHM, Douglas B.
DALQUEN, P.
DALY, J.W.
DANIELS, G.A.
DARLEY, E.F.
DARMER, Kenneth I.
DAVAVIN, I. A.
DAVIES, J.
DAVIES, Philip
DAVIS, Douglas D.
DAVIS, John C.
DAVIS, J.M.G.
DAVIS, Richard C.
DAVISON, Richard L.
DeFAZIO, C.A.
DEJONCKHEERE, W.
DEL BORGHI, M.
DENG, C.S.
DAUGHTREY, E.H.
DELFINO, Joseph J.
DERWENT, R.G.
DESBORDES, J.
DIAMOND, Philip
DI CARLO, John P.
DICKSON, Larry G.
DIETER, Jerry A.
DIFFERDING, J.R.
DILLEY, James V.
DINGER, B.C.
DINGER, Carolyn Y.
DiPAOLO, Thereae
DiPASQUALE, Louis C.
DiSALVO, Anthony L.
DiSALVO, Louis H.
DIXON, Dale D.
DOBBS, Richard A.
DOIG, Marlon T.
DOLAN, William M.
DOLLERY, C.T.
DONALDSON, Catherine H
DONIACH, I.
DONNIER, B.
-39-
-------
*24-0015
16-0003
*16-0059
5-0067
M6-0080
15-0029
14-0045
*14-0013
15-0030
15-0031
15-0032
*25-0017
26-0027
9-0045
*13-0016
*13-0016
*13-0017
*20-0023
10-0003
* 2-0011
24-0023
22-0031
1-0001
13-0048
5-0057
15-0016
*19-0014
17-0029
*16-0082
*15-0011
*19-0014
14-0050
*16-0079
*16-0084
*20-0027
15-0044
15-0046
25-0012
*19-0009
7-0017
*16-0030
3-0056
15-0043
18-0030
5-0012
10-0008
*16-0040
20-0045
* 2-0009
26-0011
* 2-0009
*15-0027
*18-0028
*18-0014
16-0116
3-0004
* 3-0014
6-0049
* 7-0015
*16-0067
*16-0070
*20-0006
13-0028
*13-0020
20-0030
*16-0039
17-0048
*20-0006
6-0037
11-0025
10-0023
* 7-0038
4-0012
*14-0008
26-0003
2-0046
*24-0011
5-0018
2-0033
9-0030
1-0019
17-0017
17-0018
5-0050
4-0027
4-0056
22-0036
17-0055
7-0055
7-0031
*13-0034
25-0018
DONOHUE, Janet
DORN, C.R.
DOUGLAS, Steven D.
DOWD, Morgan D.
DRAFFAN, G.H.
DRAKE, J.J.
DRAKE, John W.
DREW, Robert T.
DRIVAS, Peter J.
DUDLEY, A. Mary
DUDLEY, A.W.
DUKERT, Andrew A.
DUNCAN, J.R.
DUNCAN, Linda J.
DUNSTAN, William M.
DUVATMAN, Alan
DYBERN, Bernt I.
DYCKMAN, Edward J.
DYER, N.
DYRSSEN, D.W.
BADE, O.E.
EARHART, H.W.
ECANOW, B.
ECKARDT, Robert E.
EDWARDS, J.C.
EDWARDS, R.W.
EGER, E.I., II
EGGLETON, A.E.J.
EHRENBERG, Lars
EHRMANTRAUT, J.W.
EIGNER, Joseph
EICHLBERGER, James W.
EICHEN, Erwin
EINHORN, I.N.
EISENBERG, B.J.
EISENBERG, William V.
EKDAHL, Carl A.
EL-DEEN , Shams
ELKORT, Richard J.
EL-SEWEFY, A.Z.
ELLISON, Carl
ENGELHARDT, G.
ENSELL, F.J.
ENTERLINE, Philip E.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AGENCY
EPSTEIN, Samuel S.
ETTINGER, Harry J.
EVANS, Dale, R.
EVANS, Delbert E.
EVANS, Kenneth P.
EVERETT, Gordon
FAGGAN, Joseph E.
FAIRCHILD, Charles I.
FALK, Henry
FALLWELL, William F.
FANCHER, Otis E.
FARBER, T.M.
FARKAS, Edward J.
FASSBENDER, H.W.
FECK, J.
FEDERAL Task Force on IMOS
FEEVES, Wilson A.
FERRAIOLO, G.
FERRETTI, Emmet t J.
FERRIS, James J.
FIELDS, Ellis K.
FIELDS, Minerva
FILATOVA, V.S.
FINE, Lawrence J.
FINE, L.W.
FINKLEA, John F.
FINLAYSON, Margaret J.W.
FINLEY, John S.
FINNERAN, J.A.
FISHBEIN, L.
26-0037
5-0063
4-0006
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25-0042
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3-0071
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Ml-0004
15-0015
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4-0026
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11-0013
FISHER, Nicholas S.
FLINN, James E.
STATE of Florida
FLOWERS, Earl S.
FLOWERS, Nancy C.
FMC CORP.
FOLTZ, Virginia
FONDIMARE, A.
FONTAINE, Jack H.
FORNEY, A.J.
FORSTER, H.V.
FOSTER, P.
FORDYCE, J.
FENNELLY, Paul F.
FOWLER, Bruce A.
FOX, Elizabeth J.
FOX, J.W.
FRAUMENI, Joseph F. Jr.
FREELAND, G.
FREEMAN, Harry C.
FREISER, H.
FRENCH, Jean C.
FREUND, Samuel M.
FRIEDMAN, Sharon M.
FRIEDRICHS, K.H.
FRIES, George F.
FRISCH, Kurt C.
FRISTON, Robert M.
FRITZ, I.J.
FRIZ, Polo L.
FROHLIGER, J.
FROHNING, C.D.
FRONI, J.R.
FUERST, Robert
FUHREMANN, Tom W.
FUKUTO, Roy T.
FULCHER, Gordon
FULKERSON, W.
FUMAROLA, G.
FUNES-CRAVIOTO, Francisco
FUNT, J.
GABOR, Silvia
GAHLBACH, Stephen H.
GAILEY, Phil
GANGOLLI, S.D.
GARDI, R.
GARDIER, R.W.
GARDNER, M.J.
GARNER, Fradley
GARRETT, J.
GARRETT, Shirley
GASIOR, S.J.
GAUDY, A.F. , Jr.
GHEKE, Charles W.
GEARY, D.L. Jr.
GEHRING, P.J.
GELMAN, C.
GENANSIA, M.F.
GIBBS, G.W.
GIBSON, Gary G.
GIBNEY, Ling-yee
GIESE, Ronald L.
GILBERG, B.O.
GILLIES, Charles W.
GILLETTE, Robert
GILSON, J.C.
GLASS, Gary E.
GOLDBERG, A.
GOLDBERG, E.D.
GOLDBERG, L.
GOLDFIELD, Joseph
GOLDMAN, E.
GOLDSCHMIDT, B.M.
GOLDSTEIN, B.
GOMES, Edward D.
GOOD, William 0.
GOODRIDGE, Edward R.
-40-
-------
7-0025
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7-0002
2-0004
20-0014
24-0003
15-0046
24-0038
3-0011
2-0051
5-0011
17-0055
22-0027
8-0034
4-0056
4-0056
3-0033
3-0034
3-0035
3-0038
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3-0037
13-0020
2-0046
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16-0112
19-0032
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5-0062
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26-0027
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1-0027
3-0057
3-0058
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8-0010
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20-0045
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22-0035
16-0084
10-0009
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25-0016
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12-0026
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18-0025
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7-0017
9-0021
2-0021
7-0019
16-0073
26-0041
* 3-0051
2-0046
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3-0033
3-0038
15-0034
19-0014
* 7-0011
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GOODSOH, Ray
GORDON, Gerald A.
GORDON, Harold L.
GORDUS, Adon A.
GORSKI, C.H.
GOSINK, Thomas A.
GOTHE, R.
GOTZSCHE, Anne-Lise
GOULDEN, P.O.
GRADISKI, D.
GRAEME, N.
GRAHAM, J.
GRAHN, Olle
GRAINGER, Leslie
GRAYSON, Martin
GRAYSON, V.S.
GRANT, D.L.
GRASSO, P.
GREEN, Richard S.
GREENBAUM, Leon J.
GREENWALD, P.
GREGG S.
GREVE, P.
GRIBBIN, John
GRICE, H.C.
GROSS, Paul
GROSS, S.
GROTH, Edward III
GROVES, John T.
GRUNNET, M.L.
GUARD, Harold E.
GUILLET, James E.
GUNTEMANN, W.H.
GUPTA, Bohll
GYDE, O.H.B.
HAAS, J.M.
HAASE, Joachim
HAGSTROM, A.
HAIN, E.
HAKE, C.L.
HALBERT, F.L.
HALEY, T.J.
HALL, Charles A.S.
HALL, K.A.
HALL, L.
HALSEY, Michael J.
HAMALAINEN, Carl
HAMMOND, Allen L.
HANCHETT, Arnold
HAND, Chris R.
HANDLER, Alfred H.
HANNA, R.J.
HANSEN, Dale J.
HARINGTON, J.S.
HARLEY, Russell A.
HARNDEN, D.G.
HARPELL, G.A.
HARPER, Curtis
HARRIS, E.S.
HARRIS, Lawrence
HARRIS, Walter D.
HARRIS, Willard S.
HARRISON, W.W.
HARRISS, Robert C.
HARVEY, R.
HATCHER, N.
HATHORN, M.K.S.
HATINA, G.V.
HAWKS, A.
HAWKSLEY, Margaret
HAWLEY, Robert E.
HAYASHI, Hlsato
8-0037
19-0027
6-0037
6-0047
25-0033
15-0056
7-0016
* 2-0014
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16-0116
13-0025
16-0061
5-0061
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21-0010
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20-0034
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20-0035
3-0056
18-0030
2-0047
22-0031
4-0022
4-0025
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9-0011
6-0047
5-0057
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22-0040
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25-0031
25-0035
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19-0028
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15-0034
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16-0095
2-0046
25-0042
* 8-0029
7-0018
25-0016
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26-0018
15-0039
20-0026
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24-0041
16-0065
23-0004
22-0005
3-0055
22-0035
14-0034
19-0001
10-0024
3-0009
* 3-0015
9-0052
12-0016
15-0003
24-0002
HAYAKAWA, Reinosuke
HAYNES, W.P.
HEATH, Clark W. Jr.
HECHT, Stephen B.
HEFNER, R.E., Jr.
HELLER, Stephen R.
HELLMAN, Thomas M.
HEM, B.
HENDERSON, Vivian
HENNING, R.F.
HEPPLESTON, A.G.
HESKINS, Michael
HESTER, Norman E.
HETLAND, L.
HEWINS, Maurice A.H.
HEY, W.
HICKS, A.
HICKS, C.P.
HIERLIHY, S.L.
HIGGINS, F.B. Jr.
HIGGINS, Robert
HILEMAN, F.D.
HIRSHHORN, K.
HITT, Ben A.
HOCH-LIGETI, Cornelia
HOEGG, U.
HOFFMAN, Dietrich
HOFFMAN, L.
HOGAN, J.K.
HOLBROOK, David J. Jr.
HOLDER, Benjamin B.
HOLLAND, Dewey C.
HOLMES, Steven A.
HOLMGREN, J.D.
HOLMQUIST, Ivar
HOLMSTROM, Arne
HOLSMAN, J.W.
HOLST, David 0.
HOLT, Paul F.
HOMBURGER, Freddy
HOOK, E.P.
HOOVER, Robert
HOPPER, J.R.
KORAN, Leo G.
HORVATH, Joseph, Jr.
HORVITZ, J.S.
HOSKINSON, Ronald M.
HOW, S.W.
HOWARD, Philip H.
HOWARD, W.P.
HRUDEY, S.E.
HUBER, Roger T.
HUBLY, D.W.
HUETER, Gordon F.
HUFF, James Edward
HULTMAN, Carl A.
HUMPHREYS, R.D.
HUMISTON, C.G.
HUNG, G.W.C.
HUNTER, Leon
HURGETON, J.C.
HURWITZ, Melvin D.
HUSOVSKY, A. A.
HUTH, F.
HWANG, C.Y.
HYDER, S.Z.
HYRE, John E.
HYSELL, D.
IAMMARTINO, Nicholas R.
IKEDA, M.
ILLINOIS POLLUT. CONTR. BD
INNES, W.B.
INSTITUTE
IRGOLIC, Kurt J.
-41-
-------
2-0015
9-0003
24-0022
5-0004
7-0001
3-0033
26-0041
22-0023
2-0043
*13-0020
8-0010
* 5-0040
3-0001
12-0023
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26-0026
7-0037
* 3-0017
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*16-0033
19-0041
20-0015
23-0013
20-0042
22-0041
5-0042
25-0012
22-0027
10-0032
24-0022
19-0023
26-0017
5-0061
20-0029
22-0039
18-0034
13-0044
4-0052
15-0006
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9-0054
*20-0049
2-0048
11-0006
* 2-0008
6-0040
20-0019
4-0024
20-0031
25-0038
7-0052
17-0026
24-0032
26-0010
* 3-0051
4-0047
5-0026
5-0031
5-0032
*13-0017
10-0024
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9-0003
8-0025
17-0060
* 2-0011
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21-0028
16-0107
19-0027
* 7-0038
25-0039
2-0027
10-0036
* 5-0040
3-0036
15-0033
7-0043
7-0019
24-0030
21-0026
23-0013
25-0043
7-0057
25-0043
7-0023
24-0017
7-0052
4-0005
15-0037
IRVING, c.c;
ISENSEE, Allan R.
ISHIDA, Kohzoh
ISHIZU, Sumiko
IVERSON, F.
IVERSON, Richard L.
IVES, N. Fred
JACKSON, D.B.
'JACKSON, David L. '
JACKSON, Ted F.
JACOBSON, May S.
JAEGER, Rudolph J.
JAMISON, Paul L.
JAMPLIS, R.W. '
JARVINEN, G.
JAURAND, M.C.
JENKINS, David L.
JENKINS, Richard L.
JENNINGS, Ralph W.
JENSEN, Roy A.
JENSEN, Soren
JERINA, D.M.
JEWETT, G.L.
JOHANSSON, Lizbeth
JOHANSSON, A.
JONES, Gerald E.
JONES, J.F.
JONES, Peter A.
JONES, Philip H.
JOHNCOCK, Peter
JOHNSON, D.E.
JOHNSON, F.A.
JOHNSON, M.N.
JOHNSTON, James W. Jr
JOHNSTON, John R.
JONES, Adelaide E.
JUNK, Gregor A.
KAHN, Raymond H.
KAISER, Klaus L.E.
KALACIC, Ivo
KALINA, Joseph F.
KALOYANIDES, G.J.
KALLOS, George J.
KAMMEN, H.O.
KAPLAN, S.J.
KAPPOR, Inder P.
KAPPUS, H.
KAPUSTIN, Yu M.
KASTEN, K.
KATAN, Leonard L.
KATZ, C.
KATZ, Donald
KATZ, J.
KAWAI, H.
KAY, Kingsley
KEARNEY, Philip C.
KEELER, P. A.
KEITH, Alec
KEITZ, Edwin. L.
KELLER, Eugenia
KENNEDY, Anne R.
KENNEDY, J. Patrick
KENNY, R.F.
KEPLINGER, M.L.
KERFOOT, Edward J.
KETCHAM, N.H.
KETT, Terence K.
KEVY, Sherwin W.
KHERA, K.S.
KILBURN, Paul D.
KILEN, Signe M.
KILGOUR, Robert J.
KIMBROUGH, Renate D.
KING, J.M.
KINKEAD, Edwin R.
KINTNER, Robert Roy
KIPS, R.H.
KIVY-ROSENBERG, E.
KLAASSEN, Curtis D.
KLECHKOVSKII, V.M.
17-0021
*16-0072
*16-0009
1-0046
22-0036
21-0002
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8-0025
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4-0055
17-0001
M6-0027
3-0034
4-0022
14-0036
10-0039
16-0121
10-0006
13-0027
10-0024
16-0101
3-0034
9-0022
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15-0031
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19-0033
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26-0018
16-0081
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22-0040
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14-0011
6-0013
14-0011
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3-0057
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19-0030
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23-0001
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10-0003
2-0039
7-0043
26-0039
KLEIN, H.S.
KLINE, Betty W.
KLOUDA, P.T.
KNAPP, Frederick
KNELSON, John H.
KNIEP, Theodore J..
KNOTH, W.
KOCIBA, R.J.
KOLCZYNSKI, J.R.
KOLTHOFF, I.M.
KONNERT, J.H.
KORSBUD, G.
KOSEK, Jon C.
KRAMER, M.
KRISKO, I.
KRISTOFFERSON, Ulf
KROES, R.
KRUTCHKOFF, Richard G.
KUGE, Y.
KUBINSKI, H.
KUIPER-GOODMAN T.
KUPCHAN, S. Morris
KUSCHNER, Marvin
KUSHNER, D.J.
KWON, B.K.
LaBIANCA, Domenick A.
LADD, T.A.
LADY, Edward R.
LaFLEUR, P.D.
LAGOW, R.J.
LAHN, Gerard C.
LAITINEN, Herbert A.
LAKE, B.C.
LAMBERT, Bo
LAMONTAGNE, R.A.
LANDRIGAN, Fhillp
LANGARD, Sverre
LANGER, Arthur M.
LANGMUIR, Donald
LANGNER, Ralph R.
LARSEN, K.
LARS EN, Joseph R.
LASKIN, Sidney
LATHROP, James K.
LAUG, Walter E.
LAUMOND, F.
LAVTTER, C.A. Jr.
LAWLER, Sylvia, D.
LAWRENCE, C.
LAWRENCE, J.
LAWRENCE, W.H.
LAWRENCE, W. Raymond
LAYINKA, Margaret Swinburne
LEACH, J.F.
LEAKE, Hansford B.
LeBLANC, R.
LeBLANC, D.A.
LE BOUFFANT, L.
LEBRUN, A.J.
LEE, Douglas, H.K.
LEE, B.S.
LEE, G. Fred
LEE, G.L.
LEE, J.A.
LEE, J.E.
LEE, W.K.
LEDET, A.E.
LEFEMINE, Giuseppe
LEGATSKI, Max W.
LEHTOMAKI, M.
-42-
-------
*20-0022
3-0020
8-0012
13-0049
25-0026
22-0034
16-0082
5-0065
17-0039
19-0026
18-0040
9-0033
21-0026
10-0045
24-0030
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7-0053
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26-0040
15-0044
15-0017
21-0028
7-0036
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12-0025
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16-0017
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14-0014
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26-0025
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5-0057
15-0024
2-0031
6-0043
17-0045
25-0004
15-0040
26^0016
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LEONARD, Paul F.
LEONG, B.K.J.
LEROY, Andre F.
LEVINSON, R.S.
LEVY, L.S.
LEWIS, A.L.
'LEWIS, R.
LEWIS, Trent R,
LICHTENSTEIN, E.
LIDDLE, John A.
LIEBMAN, Joel F.
LIEBMAN, Shirley A.
LILLINGTON, G.A.
LIN, C.K.
LIN, George, H.Y.
LINDEN, 0.
LINDSTEN, Jan
LISK, D.J.
LITTLE, John B.
LITTLE, Michael A.
LIU, F.T.Y.
LLOYD, A.G.
LLOYD, Barbara
LOEB, Lawrence A.
LOEDING, J.W.
LOPRIANO, N.
LORAN, B.I.
LOVELOCK, J.E.
LOWRY, Larry K.
LU, Po-Yung
LUNDE, Gulbrand Gorgen Gether
LUPU, A.
LUXON, P.L.
LYMAN, Donald
LYMAN, Frank L.
LYNCH, R.S.
McANENEY, T. Brian
MCCARTHY, Raymond L.
McCOLLISTER, S.B.
McCONNELL Ernest E.
McCRONE, Walter C.
McCULLAGH, S.F.
McCURDY, Patrick P.
MCDONALD, T.
MCELROY, A.D.
MCELROY, Michael B.
McEVOY, J.J.
McGANDY, Robert B.
McGILL D.B.
McGINTY, Lawrence
McGUIRE, John M.
McHALE, Eflwald T.
McHENDALE, Harihara M.
MCLAREN, D.A.
McMICHAEL, Francis C.
McMUNN, B.D.
McNUTT, Neil S.
McPHERSON, F.
MACEK, K.J.
MACK, Dick A.
MACKIE, E.
MACKLER, Anne D.
MAGADUR, J.L.
MAGEE, F.N.
MAGGIORE, Carl
MAGILL, J.
MAIN, J.
MALAVEILLE, C.
MALTONI, Cesare
MANOJILOVIC, N.
MANSOUR, M.
MARASCHIN, N.J.
MARCUS, Allan H.
MARK, D.
MARROW, George S.
MARSHALL, J.C.
MARTIN, Dean F.
MARVINNEY, Sandy
11-0010
16-0094
17-0018
9-0012
20-0030
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6-0016
14-0027
5-0011
18-0042
4-0022
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23-0018
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MARYNOWSKI, Chester W.
MASSEY, Lester G.
MATHEWS, Hazel B.
MATHEWS, P.J.
MATHIAS, Alan
MATHUR, S.P.
MAUGH, Thomas H. II
MAY, Robert M.
MAYFIELD, Robert J.
MAZUMDAR, Satl
MAZZE. Richard I.
MELLOR, Norman
MENDEIA, J.R.
MENDOZA, C.E.
MERCER, T.T.
MERCHANT, J.A.
MERGNER, G.W.
MESSITE, Jacquelene
METCALF, Robert L.
MIAN, N.
MICHAEL, William R.
MICHALIK, Paula
MILBY, Thomas H.
MILHAM, Samuel, Jr.
MILIOS, P.
MILKOV, L.E.
MILLER, Albert
MILLER, Charles B. , Ed
MILLER, Fred M.
MILLER, J.A.
MILLER, M.W.
MILLER, Ronald D.
MILLER, Stan
MINAMI, Masajrasu
MINDHEIM, W.J.
MINEAR, Roger A.
MIRONOV, O.G.
MISCHUTIN, Vladimir
MIYAZAKI, S.
MOHAMMED, Ishaq
MOHR, Ulrich
MOLES, T.M.
MONCELON, B.
MONCHAUX, G.
MONSON, Richard R.
MONTAGUE, K.
MONTAGUE, P.
MONTEMARANO, Jean A.
MONTESANO, R.
MOOLENAAR, Robert J.
HOODIE, C.A.
MOONEY, Thomas F. Jr.
MOORE, Bryant
MOORE, John W.
MOORE, M.R.
MOORE, Peter D.
MOORE, W.
MOORHEAD, Paul S.
MORAN, Gregory F.
MORAN, John
MORAN, John P.
MORGAN, A.
MORGAN, Marvin H.
MORRIS, Fred
MORRIS, R.J.
MOTTO, J.D.
MOULTON, David G.
MOUNTAIN, C.W.
MUELLER, F.X.
MUIR, Warren A.
MULCAHY, M.F.R.
MULLIN, L.S.
MUNRO, I.C.
MURDOCH, E.M.
MURDOCH, W.W.
MURPHY, James C.
MURPHY, James P.F.
-43-
-------
1-0015
3-0001
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26-0026
23-0020
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21-0020
26-0041
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20-0048
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8-0001
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22-0001
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9-0040
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15-0032
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15-0030
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9-0046
23-0025
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3-0057
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M5-0041
20-0036
26-0039
22-0036
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19-0021
23-0003
10-0024
3-0063
8-0025
25-0041
17-0057
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26-0018
16-0087
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3-0042
25-0040
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2-0049
2-0043
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23-0018
24-0039
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10-0020
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16-0088
7-0051
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5-0026
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20-0051
MURPHY, R.L.H.
MURPHY, Sheldon D.
MURRAY, Chris
MUSSMAN, Harry C.
MYERS, S.A.
MYERS, Vernon B.
NAKAMURA, Kunio
NAOYUKI, Tamura
NAPIER, Edward A. Jr.
NARISAWA, Tomlo
NARKUS-KRAMER, Marc
NATARAJAN, A.T.
NATIONAL Safety Council
NATUSCH, David F.S.
NEBGEN, J.W.
NEELY, W. Brock
NEFF, J.E.
NEFF, J.M.
NELSON, E.L.
NELSON, Norton
NELSEN, S.F.
NELSON, Norton
NENOV, Peter Z.
NEUBERT, Diether
NEVISSI, A.
NEWHOUSE, Muriel L.
NEWTON, P.E.
NEWIRTH, R.
NICHOLSON, William J.
NIELSEN, Paul L.
NIELSON, Arthur
NIEMELA, S.
NIEMEYER, L.E.
NIEN, Dak Sze
NILLES, George P.
NISHIOKA, H.
NISHITANI, H.
NORMARK, S.
NORRIS, J.M.
NORSETH, Tor
NORTHRUP, Harold J.
NOZAKI, Shigeru
NUNEZ, L.J.
NUTMAN, C.A.
O'HARA, J.B.
OJAMPERA, Salme
OKAWA, Melvin T.
OLIVER, R.M.
OLSON, Kenneth W.
OMENN, Gilbert S.
O'NEILL, Marks
ONUF, C.P.
ORMAF, Raphael M.
ORTIZ, Lawrence W.
OSGOOD, David W.
OSHA, Dept. of Labor
O'SHEA, J.A.
OSTERBERG, Robert E.
OSTERMAN-GOLKAR, Siv
OTT, Marvin Gerald
PACKMAN, S.C.
PAGNOTTO, Leonard D.
PANOPIO, L.G.
PANTELL, R.H.
PARISER, R.
PARK, D. Torkelson
PARKE, D.V.
PARKES, Raymond W.
PAROLA, Abraham
PASTERNAK, Alan
PASSWATER, Richard A.
PATEL, J.G.
PATTERSON, C.C.
PAUL, J.S.
PAULSON, Donald R.
PARDYS, Stephen
PEARSON, C.J.
7-0005
9-0002
16-0097
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17-0054
23-0011
23-0012
16-0102
16-0122
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15-0043
4-0027
4-0035
8-0048
8-0016
1-0027
3-0057
3-0058
3-0059
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2-0005
25-0029
5-0043
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11-0008
15-0053
15-0057
3-0038
19-0025
16-0075
10-0043
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20-0042
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17-0058
26-0012
26-0013
4-0021
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2-0015
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4-0040
9-0038
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15-0037
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11-0025
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20-0035
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5-0031
18-0040
26-0010
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17-0026
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17-0003
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6-0036
* 7-0013
7-0031
5-0021
21-0020
16-0103
18-0034
26-0038
10-0032
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10-0003
10-0032
14-0036
* 9-0025
17-0025
* 9-0024
*15-0035
18-0042
5-0062
PEARSE, Carlton S.
PEART, Robert M.
PEGLER, Carroll Leslie
PEIL, K.M.
PELLIZZARI, Edo D. .
PEMBLETON, W.E.
PENDLETON, Deedee
PERROTEV, J.
PERRY, R.
PERSON, Stanley
PERVIER, J.W.
PETAJAN, J.H.
PETERS, JOHN M.
PETERSEN, Gerald R.
PETERSON, Christine
PETERSON, Jack E.
PETO, Richard
PFANNHAUSER, W.
PFEFFER, F.M.
PFORZHEIMER, H.
PFUDERER, Francis A. A.
PFUDERER, Peter
PHILPOT, Charles W.
PHILLIPS, Roger W.
PHILLIPS, Sidney L.
PHILLIPS, U.E.J.
PHINNEY, J.A.
PICKFORD, S.G.
PIECUCH, Peter J.
PIERSON, D.H.
PIERSON, Duane L.
PILIE, Roland J.
PIPER, D.Z.
PIRRO, A.
PLANT, Albert F.
PLUMB, R.H. Jr.
POIRIER, L.A.
POJASEK, Robert B.
POLAKOFF, Phillip L.
POLCARO, Terrance
POLIKARPOV, G.G.
PONTEFRACT, R.D.
POOLEY, Fred D.
POPOVA, T.B.
POPPER, HANS
PORTER, Charles V.
POTT, F.
POWERS, John E.
POWERS, Marcellna B.
POZHARISSKI, K.M.
PO-YUNG, Lu
PRAKASH, Louise
PRASAD, Durga
PRESCOTT, James H.
PREVOST, R.J.
PROCTOR, D.E.
PURCHASE, I.F.H.
PURO, Henry E.
QUARTULLI, O.J.
QUIMBY, Kelvin L.
QUINN, H.J.
RABENS, Steven Fisher
RADON, J.C.
RAMAMOORTHY, S.
RAMEL, C.
RAMIREZ, Alberto
RAMSEY, F.K.
RANNUG, U.
RAVEY.M. (Rogozinski)
RAWLS, Rebecca L.
RAYMOND, Raphael
BEDDY, Bandaru S.
REDMOND , Carol
REGULSKI, Thomas W.
-44-
-------
* 7-0013
17-0011
"17-0030
5-0063
26-0001
*21-0005
26-0043
12-0023
26-0026
17-0021
19-0031
11-0020
11-0020
13-0028
8-0047
10-0028
21-0022
15-0018
3-0020
8-0012
*16-0051
11-0012
3-0055
* 3-0051
11-0021
6-0028
8-0013
20-0003
20-0051
*16-0020
*16-0025
* 8-0029
* 7-0040
5-0036
18-0043
25-0012
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8-0023
22-0041
23-0027
18-0003
26-0012
26-0013
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5-0017
8-0022
21-0015
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8-0013
14-0019
*16-0019
* 2-0036
15-0013
15-0014
7-0019
20-0043
21-0033
16-0095
17-0006
3-0056
18-0030
5-0041
8-0023
10-0024
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19-0028
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23-0015
16-0075
3-0005
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7-0001
25-0022
23-0018
20-0048
20-0050
13-0007
5-0057
20-0035
23-0025
6-0041
*16-0014
20-0041
25-0030
*16-0056
5-0038
REEVES, Andrew
REEVES, W.A.
REICHEL, William, L.
REIMERS, Robert S.
REIMSCHUESSEL, H.K.
REIST, Parker C.
RESNIKOFF, Marvin
REYNOLDS, Edward S.
REYNOLDS, W.W.
REZNIK, A. A.
REZNIK, Gerd
REZNIK-SCHULLER, Hildergard
RICE, Stanley D.
RICCI, Larry J.
RICHARDSON, Byron L.
RICHTER, W.A.
RICKERT, Robert R.
RIPPEE, S.N.
ROBSON, John H.
ROBE, C.A.
ROBBINS, W. Paul
ROBERTS, Alan
ROBERTS, Earl J.
ROCOVICH, Sue Ellen
ROGERS, T.H.
ROHL, Arthur N.
ROJAS, Mario G.
ROLL, David B.
ROMEO, M.
RONA, D.C.
ROSE, J.Q.
ROSE, Malcolm
ROSENBERG, P.H.
ROSENBERG, Rutger
ROSENBLATT, Gerd M.
ROSSI, 0.
ROSSITER, Charles E.
ROTH, Philip B.
ROWE, Peter H.
ROWE, Gilbert T.
ROWLAND, F.S.
ROWLAND, Stanley P.
RUBIN, Edward S.
RUBIN, Ivan B.
RUBIN, R.J.
RUBINSTEIN, Harry
RUDD, Robert L.
RUNION, Howard E.
RUSSFIELD, Agnes B.
RUZO, Luis Octavio
RYAN, P.W.
RYBNY, C.B.
SAARNIVAARA, L.
SAGAWA, K.
SAIDA, K.
SALOVEY, R.
SALVADOR, L.A.
SALVIN, Victor S.
SAMARA, G.A.
SANBORN, James R.
SANDBERG, D.V.
SANDI, E.
SANDORFY, C.
SASUGA, Tsuneo
SATO, Minoru
SAUNDERS, P.T.
SAURO, Moreland F.
SAXTON, James C.
SAXON, Robert
SCARBOROUGH, Gene A.
SCHAFFNER, W.
SCHEEL, Lester D.
SCHELL, W.R.
SCHLAUCH, W.F.
SCHMIDT, A.M.
SCHMIDT, C.R.
SCHMIDT-COLLERUS, J.J.
SCHMITZER, R.J.
SCHON, E.A.
*16-0064
11-0031
13-0027
17-0011
10-0036
5-0057
* 2-0036
9-0033
* 9-0034
9-0003
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17-0026
12-0034
23-0001
17-0025
8-0025
25-0012
25-0026
19-0023
23-0023
* 2-0014
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2-0059
M2-0009
5-0026
16-0003
11-0025
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22-0031
18-0043
14-0017
21-0017
18-0041
* 6-0004
4-0053
M6-0081
22-0019
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5-0041
9-0045
*16-0084
3-0043
26-0010
12-0020
7-0056
25-0003
13-0047
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3-0029
16-0074
17-0026
5-0067
14-0036
3-0050
26-0015
3-0028
2-0037
20-0030
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10-0046
* 2-0035
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20-0050
26-0018
9-0037
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15-0059
18-0038
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7-0016
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6-0029
15-0038
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16-0089
* 6-0003
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* 9-0014
6-0020
17-0060
5-0064
18-0042
21-0011
*16-0009
8-0040
*17-0030
19-0041
SCHNEIDERMAN, Marvin A.
SCHOFIELD, G.B.
SCHOFIELD, William R.
SCHREIBER, S.P.
SCHUETTE, William L.
SCHULERT, A.
SCHULZ, C.O.
SCHULZ, Ken R.
SCHULZE, Janos
SCHUTH, Carter K.
SCHWARTZ, Herbert
SCHWARTZ, W.A.
SCHWEIGHARDT, Frank K.
SCHWETZ, B.A.
SCOTTI, L.J.
SEARLE, C.E.
SEBASTIEN, P.
SEGESSER, Ernest R.
SEGUCHI, Tadao
SEIDMAN, I.
SELBY, L.A.
SELIKOFF, Irving J.
SELLERS, R.L.
SELTZER, Richard J.
SESSA, William
SETHI, S.
SETTLE, D.
SEVERINGHAUS, John W.
SEYFRIED, Thomas N.
SHAHEEN, H.
SHAHIDI, J.K.
SHAIR, Fredrick H.
SHAKESPEARE, Thomas F.
SHAMA, S.K.
SHAPOSHNIKOV, J.D.
SHARRY, John A.
SHEA, Kevin P.
SHEIBLEY, Dean W.
SHELDON, Arthur W.
SHERMAN, Fred
SHERMAN, H.
SHERMAN, Patricia
SHOLTYS, Phyllis A.
SHORR, L.M.
SHULTZ, W.D.
SIKKA, H.C.
SILBER, D.
SILVERMAN, A. P.
SILVESTER, Raymond
SIMPSON, B.R.
SINGER, Philip C. , Ed.
SINGH, A.R.
SIROYER, Michael A.
SJOGREN, H.O.
SKOGERBOE, Rodney K.
SLINEY, David
SMITH, Crampton A.
SMALL, Francis H.
SMITH, G.
SMITH, Peter J.
SMITH, Thor L.
SMITH, William H.
SMITHER, W.J.
SMIL, Vaclav
SMITH, D.J.
SMITH, Ralph G.
SNELL, Fred M.
SNELLINGS, W.M.
SNIPES, Wallace
SNODGRASS, John E.
SOLLECITO, William
SONNABEND, L.F.
SOUTAR, C.A.
SOUTHWICK, Charles A.
SPANK, James W.
SPEAR, Robert C.
-45-
-------
M6-0034
*17-0013
8-0009
3-0005
20-0031
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2-0046
22-0035
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7-0027
26-0009
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5-0013
10-0009
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13-0005
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8-0045
2-0022
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17-0025
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M6-0084
7-0030
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3-0029
16-0074
*14-0029
16-0118
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25-0043
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18-0042
7-0001
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9-0054
6-0020
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20-0056
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5-0014
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16-0101
23-0024
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26-0027
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10-0014
15-0015
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* 2-0013
5-0031
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* 9-0014
7-0020
18-0033
21-0010
11-0025
*20-0025
SPEIL, Sidney
SPEIZER, Frank E.
SPIELHOLTZ. Gerald I,
SPENCER, K.
SPLOMON, Richard A.
STANASZEK, W.F.
STANECKY, 0.
STAKA, J.
STARR, Homer G.
STEELE, G., Jr.
STEELE, John R.
STELLMAN, Jeanne M.
STEFFEY, E.P.
ST. HARD, Hubert H.
STANLEY, R.
STENDER John
STENSBY, Per
ST. JOHN, Philip A.
STEPHEN, W.I.
STEPHENS, Edgar R.
STERNBERG, Heinz W.
STERRETT, Janice E.
STETTLER, L.E.
STEUHUT, W.
STEVENS, Wendell C.
STRELZOFF, Samuel
STEWART, Harold L.
STEWART, G.T.
STEWART, Peggy L.
STEWART, Richard D.
STICK, H.F.
STOELTING, Robert K.
STOEWSAND, G.S.
STOLARSKI, Richard S.
STOLOFF, Leonard
STOLTZ, D.R.
STONARD, Michael D.
STORCH, H.H.
STRICKMAN, Samuel W.
STRONG, Terrence
STRUNIN, L.
STULA, E.F.
STURM, R.N.
SUFFET, Irwin, H.
SUGAWARA, Naoki
SULLIVAN, L.J.
SULLIVAN, Richard J.
SUSSMAN, Nancy
SUZUKI, Aklo
SUZUKI, Yasunosuke
SVEC, Harry J.
SWANN, H.E. Jr.
SWARTZ, Joel
SWEGER, Daniel M.
SWETTENHAM, K.V.
SWIHART, Terence J.
SWINNERTON, J.W.
SWINVARD, Edward A.
SZYBALSKI, Elizabeth
TABER, H.
TAKEHISA, Masaaki
TAKESHI, Suva
TALLEY, Fred A.
TAM, Kai C.
TANSER, A.R.
TAORMINA, S.
TARUMOTO, T.
TAYLOR, Clifton 0.
TAYLOR, George J.
TAYOT, J.
TEK, Rasin M.
TEIRSTEIN, Alvin S.
TEMKIN, Richard L.
TERRILL, J.B.
THAME, N.G.
THIESS, A.M.
THOMAS, LOUIS B.
THOMAS, T. Darrah
6-0022
M3-0034
2-0021
2-0022
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16-0118
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16-0095
5-0026
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18-0030
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16-0003
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8-0046
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4-0019
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10-0044
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20-0046
5-0019
THOMAS, R.
THOMPSON, Emmanuel B.
THOMPSON, J.M.
TIMBRELL, V.
TIPTON, Alan R.
TIRSELL. J.B.
TODD, A.S.
THOMAS, Norman W.
THUMM, Byron A.
TILLER?, J.B.
TODD, A.S.
TOLLEY, J.A.
TOMATIS, L.
TORALBALLA, Gloria C.
TORKELSON, T.R.
TOSINE, H.M.
TOU, James C.
TRAYER, David M.
TREBELLAS, J.C.
TROCHIMOWICZ, H.J.
TROWEL, Joan
TSIMBAL, I.M.
TUCKER, James H.
TULLAR, Irving V.
TURK, Amos
TURNER, D.B.
TURNER, John C.
TURNER, J.E.
TURNER-WARWICK, Margaret
TURNER, William F.
UEHLEKE, H.
UPPSTROM, L.R.
UTHER, John F.
UTIDJIAN, H.
VAN AS, A.
VANDEGRIFT, A.E.
VANDERVORT, R.
VAN DONGEN, Cornells G.
VAN DUUREN, B.L.
VAN ESCH, G.J.
VAN HOOK, R.I.
VAN LOGTEN, M.J.
VAN STEE, Ethard W.
VARGA, G.M. Jr.
VECCHIO, Martino
VENITT, S.
VICK, Ray D.
VILLENEUVE, D.C.
VILLANUEVA, Ellen C.
VILLANUEVA, Raymond
VOLKHEIMER, Gerhard
VONA, J.A.
VOORHEES, K.J.
VORPAHL, Kenneth
VORSENGER, Gary
VUKUSICH, D.
WACHTMAISTER, C.A.
WADA, Yasaku
WAGGENSPACK, Carmel
WAGNER, J.C.
WAGONER, Joseph K.
WAGSTAFF, D.J.
WAKIM, Jubran M.
WALDBOTT, George L.
WALLACE, John R.
WALLNOFFER, P.R.
WALTERS, A.R.
WALTERS, Stacy
WALTON, B.
WARD, P.S.
WAHNOCK, M.L.
WARREN, Craig B.
WARREN, D.R.
-46-
-------
24-0029
20-0045
22-0040
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11-0014
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5-0048
24-0025
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4-0027
17-0013
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10-0008
H6-0010
11-0026
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16-0095
2-0015
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16-0095
9-0005
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2-0043
17-0039
2-0034
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M6-0072
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18-0031
20-0030
26-0011
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5-0057
3-0025
20-0001
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9-0002
18-0004
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26-0014
* 2-0011
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6-0017
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17-0049
3-0028
8-0009
4-0045
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18-0030
15-0058
12-0015
20-0052
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15-0047
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10-0022
M.2-0003
9-0003
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1-0016
5-0030
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6-0047
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WARREN, Helen
WARTENBERG, Daniel E.
WASHINGTON, Mildred E.
WATANABE, P.O.
WATERMAN, J.A.
WATERMAN, W.W.
WEARE, Bryan C.
WEAVER, Paul H.
WEBER, Frank E.
WEBSTER, I.
WEGMAN, David H.
WEICHERT, Herbert
WEIL, E.D.
WEILL, Hans
WEINBERGER, Caspor W.
WEINBERG, Janet H.
WEINTRAUB, M.
WEISBURGER, Elizabeth K.
WEISBURGER, J.H.
WEISBERG, Joseph B.
WEISKOPF, Richard
WEISS, H.
WELLINGS, F.M.
WELLINGS, R.A.
WERNER, Kirk G.
WESOLOWSKI, J.J.
WEST, David A.
WESTLAKE, G.E.
WESTOVER, L.B.
WHIMSTER, W.F.
WHITFIELD, Bradford L.
WICKS, Zeno W. Jr.
WILKENS, Garth L.
WILLIAMS, Albert E.
WILLIAMS, David L.
WILLIAMS, Faith M.
WILLIAMS, K.E.
WILLIAMS, Susan
WILLIAMSON, K.S.
WILSON, D.
WILSON, E.
WINTON, John M.
WHITACRE, R.
WHITNACK, Gerald C.
WHITTEMORE, Donald 0.
WHITWELL, F.
WIEBE, William J.
WILCOX, Sandra L.
WILKNISS, P.E.
WILLIAMS, Colin J.
WILLIAMS, Faith M.
WILLIAMS, Helen
WILLUMS, Jan-Ola f
WILLS, J.H.
WILLSEN, John J.
WILSON, D.G.
WILSON, William, K.
WINBURS, Duane
WING, Riohard M.
WINTRELL, R.
WOFSY, Steven C.
WOIDICH, H.
WOJCIK, L.H.
WOLF, Philip C.
WOLFF, Anthony
WOLGEMUTH, Larry G.
WONG, Eugene G.C.
WOOD, J.M.
WONG, P.T.S.
WOOD, A. Stuart
WOODIN, A.M.
WOOLSON, Edwin A.
WRIGHT, P.
WRIGHT, Ralph
WRIGHT, Usha
WU, W.R.K.
WUSTNER, David A.
WYNDER, E.L.
7-0001
25-0038
7-0019
22-0005
19-0031
* 8-0029
1-0003
22-0038
*18-0018
25-0024
17-0059
17-0027
18-0025
23-0015
17-0006
21-0026
*16-0052
16-0074
9-0011
21-0010
12-0005
25-0011
6-0015
*20-0008
15-0003
24-0002
*16-0010
21-0020
17-0002
25-0020
YAMAMURA, Kotaro
YAMASAKI, Edith
YANKWICH, Alexandra H.
YASMIN, S.
YAVORSKY, P.M.
YAWS, Carl L.
YEH SHU CHEN, H.C.
YOAKUM, Anna M.
YOUNG, C.L.
YOUNG, James S.
YOUNGBLOOD, W.W.
YU, Chlng-Chieh
ZABIK, Mathew J.
ZACK, Mathew M. Jr.
ZAIDI, S.H.
ZAPP, J.A., Jr.
ZAVON, M.R.
ZELLER, H.
ZELLER, M.V.
ZERKEL, Fred H.
ZIEF, Morris
ZIMMERMANN, H.W.
ZINGARO, Ralph A.
ZISKIND, Morton, M.
ZOOK, W.C.
ZORO, J.A.
ZWOLINSKI, L.M.
-47-
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CATS Biweekly Reports
Nos. 1-12
-48-
-------
1-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Dybern, Bernt I.
WATER POLLUTION A PROBLEM WITH GLOBAL DIMENSIONS
AMBIO ^ (3-4):139-45 (1974)
"It seems that no river, no lake, no part of the oceans is entirely free from
pollution," writes the author. Both pollution caused by development and pollu-
tion caused by lack of development are on the increase, he states,.and warns
that far-reaching measures are necessary if catastropes are to be avoided in
the future.
A table lists major categories of approximately 60 marine pollutants and their
relative harmfulness. The list includes acrylonitrile, arsenic, toluene diiso-
cyanate, vinyl chloride, and phthalate esters.
1-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
(Uses and Production)
Anon
BIGGER THINGS MAY BE BREWING IN THE RESINS-FOR-BOTTLES MARKET
Modern Plastics 51 (8): 14, 16 (1974)
1975 may be the big breakthrough year for commercial use of all-plastic barrier
bottles for carbonated beverages, a market with domestic potential for about
2 million tons of resin. Solvay has announced a new nitrile barrier resin, sup-
porting the idea that nitrile-based resins will dominate plastics' share of the
carbonated beverages market. In mid-1972, the only two nitriles in the bottle
field were Monsanto's Lopac and Vistron's Barex. Later, DuPont introduced
Vicobar and ICI and Mitsubishi Chemicals offered nitriles. Borg-Warner and
Rohm and Haas have discussed their nitrile barrier materials. There is now no
commercial nitrile beverage bottle, but Coca-Cola authorized its franchised
bottlers to use Lopac.
Monsanto anticipates a big acrylonitrile expansion (300,000 tons/yr) in Texas
City by 1976; is building a Lopac plant in Connecticut. Vistron is building a
Barex plant in Lima, Ohio, which should be operative by 1975 with initial rated
capacity of 9000 tons/yr.
-49-
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1-0003
ARSENIC
Yeh, Shu et al :
FINE STRUCTURE OF BOWEN'S DISEASE IN CHRONIC ARSENICALISM
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. ,53 (1): 31-44 (July 1974)
An electron microscope study of 35 skin biopsy specimens taken from patients
with Bowen's disease due to chronic arsenicalism describes in detail the histo-
pathology of this specific cancer of the skin.
1-0004
ARSENIC
Tarn, Kai C.
ARSENIC IN WATER BY FLAMELESS ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Env. Sci. & Tech. 8 (8): 734-6 (1974)
An improved method for the chemical analysis of arsenic and its compounds in
drinking water utilizes flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Test
runs compared favorably with known methods and results between a number of
laboratories were in the same range.
-50-
-------
1-0005
ARSENIC
Anon
FLORIDA AND ALL GULF STATES ARE SUING THE EPA AND DuPONT
Env. Sci. & Tech. £ (8): 690 (1974)
Du Font's agreement with the EPA to allow temporary dumping of wastes into coastal
waters is being challenged by the affected Gulf states. The law suit is concerned
with the discharge of antimony, arsenic and cadmium wastes and the EPA's right
to enter into such an agreement without consulting the states. Approximately
12,000 tons per month of waste from DuPont's plant in Belle, W. Virginia, has
been dumped off the Florida coast.
1-0006
ARSENIC
World Health Organization
LONG-TERM PROGRAMME IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL IN EUROPE. THE HAZARDS
TO HEALTH OF PERSISTENT SUBSTANCES IN WATER. Annexes to a Report on a Working
Group Convened by the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organiza-
tion. Technical Documents on Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Manganese and Mercury.
Helsinki, 10-14 April 1972
WHO, Copenhagen, 1973.
Summaries of data on As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Hg. Book, produced to aid those work-
ing on.problems of metal toxicology and related matters, has been reproduced
in English, French and Russian, but it is not for sale. It is available only
to those with a bona fide need.
Data included refer to the levels of various metals in food, air and water;
text covers toxicological impact of all these occurrences. Data are interpreted
as to the degree of hazard and steps that may be taken to contain or reduce it,
but opinions are those of the working group, not necessarily WHO opinions, so
should not be considered valid at all times. [Review in: Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol.
12 (2): 243 (April 1974)]
-51-
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1-0007
ARSENIC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IARC MONOGRAPH ON THE EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK OF CHEMICALS TO MAN.
SOME INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. Vol. 2.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1973. 181pp. fcl.50
Report of the IARC Working Groups on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of
Chemicals to Man on meetings held in Lyon in October and November 1972. October
meeting considered asbestos only; November meeting covered a number of environ-
mentally important metals (including arsenic) and their compounds. The case
for the carcinogenicity of arsenic to man is convincing in spite of the absence
of positive results in animals. Discussion of crystal structure of different
forms of asbestos is important because of increasing evidence indicating in-
fluence of crystal shape on the induction of tumors by asbestos. [Review in:
Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 12 (2): 244-5 (April 1974)]
ARSENIC
See also: 1-0001
-52-
-------
*1-0008
ASBESTOS
Anon
PROTESTING POLLUTION
Chem. Wk. 115 (7): 14 (Aug. 14, 1974)
Reserve Mining faces more imminent shut down of its taconite ore processing
plant at Silver Bay, Minn., following court rejection of company's on-land
disposal plan, proposed as alternative to discharging wastes into Lake Superior.
Asbestos-like fibers entering the lake are blamed for contaminating that area's
drinking-waters. The Court upheld the state's view that discharging plant
tailings into the Palisades Creek bed was environmentally unsound.
Possible alternative: move plant to Babbitt, Minn., and return plant wastes
to pits created by mining the ore. Reserve estimates such a move would cost
$530-570 million; earlier claimed Babbitt had insufficient water for taconite
processing operations.
*1-0009
ASBESTOS
Gross, Paul
IS SHORT-FIBERED ASBESTOS DUST A BIOLOGICAL HAZARD?
Arch. Env. Health ^9 (2): 115-7 (Aug. 1974)
A review of the findings from a number of research laboratories in the U.S. and
abroad on the investigative work concerned with the carcinogenic effect of as-
bestos fibers, which may cause fibrosis or cancer. The author reports on the
work that has been done and concludes that short-length fibers (<5 microns) do not
cause mesotheliomas and gastrointestinal cancer.
-53-
-------
*ASBESTOS
See also: 1-0007
-54-
-------
1-0010
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
ADDITIVES FOR PLASTICS
European Plastics News I (3) : 21 (July 1974)
At the International Business Contact Club meeting held in Brussels recently,
Michigan Chem. Corp's H.E. Stepniezka advocated altering the structure of the
urethane molecule in order to produce an inherently flame retardant foam. He
also discussed methods for the use of retardants. F. J. Prescott (GAF Corp.)
proposed a substitution of intermediates in urethane systems to achieve fire
retardance.
1-0011
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
ADDITIVES FOR PLASTICS
European Plastics News 1 (3): 21 (July 1974)
E.S. Michaels (Stauffer Chemical Co.) gave a 5-year projection of the U.S. market
for fire retardant chemicals at the recent meeting of the International Business
Contact Club held in Brussels. He stressed the importance of regulatory standards
to promote the use of long-known fire retardants. An examination of plastics
consumed in the USA in 1972 showed fire retardant chemicals being used in the
following materials: PVC 20%, polystyrenes 7%, polyesters 15%, polyamide 30%, but
in less than 1% of the total polyolefins.
-55-
-------
1-0012
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
GROWTH OF POLYURETHANE FOAMS SLOWING DOWN
Chem Eng. News 52_ (32): 7-8 (August 12, 1974)
Despite problems with flammability and a temporary slowing in market growth,
producers foresee that foam demand will triple through this decade with con-
struction uses making the largest gains. Chart and table illustrate antici-
pated growth and use markets. An industry-supported $5 million research pro-
gram on flammability will also seek to develop relevant lab-scale fire safety
testing procedures.
Two new materials expected to have wide use in making flame-retardant foams by
the end of the decade are Olin's Thermolin RF230 and isocyanurates from Upjohn,
Uniroyal, and Mobay. Thermolin RF230 is a polyol from trichlorobutylene oxide
instead of propylene oxide; it can be reacted with isocyanates to make poly-
urethanes that burn more slowly and give off little smoke in boardstock or
foam-in-place applications. Available in small quantities; Olin will bring a
300 million Ib/yr plant on stream in December. Isocyanurates derive flame re-
tardance from a cyclic trimer of polymeric isocyanate that is reacted with a
hydrogen-containing compound to form the foam.
-56-
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1-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Crossland, Janice
AEROSOLS
Environ. 16 (6): 16-20, 25-6 (July/August 1974)
Review of known and potential hazards of the chemicals in aerosol spray products
as well as hazards from the container itself. Discusses vinyl chloride, an in-
gredient in some hair sprays and pesticide sprays, which has been linked to
liver cancer in workers in plastics industry. Industry claims factory levels
kept to 50 ppm vs. OSHA allowable concentration (until recently) of 500 ppm;
hair spray users may be exposed to 250 ppm. Also discusses fluorinated hydro-
carbons (e.g., Freons, Halothane), including TLV, effect on the nervous system,
fatalaties from inhalation. Apparently, little is yet known about aerosol toxi-
city; much more has to be learned about the effects of long-term exposure to low
doses of aerosol spray.
-57-
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*1-0014
HYDRAZINE
Steele, G., Jr., and Sjogren, H.O.
CROSS-REACTING TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN(S) AMONG CHEMICALLY INDUCED RAT COLON
CARCINOMAS
Cancer Res. 34. (8): 1801-7 (1974)
Cross-reacting tumor-specific surface antigens were demonstrated by in vitro
microcytotoxicity assays among colon carcinomas induced by three separate chemi-
cal carcinogens in two different rat strains. One of the chemicals used was
DMH, l,2-dimethylhydrazine-2HCl.
The tests show that lymphocytes from rats bearing primary or isografted colon
tumors or from rats immunized with cultured colon tumor cells were consistently
cytotoxic to multiple rat colon tumor target cells. Sera from 3 colon cancer-
bearing rats were also tested. It is postulated that the chemically induced rat
colon carcinomas tested share common tumor-specific surface antigen(s).
-58-
-------
*2-OOl2
ASBESTOS
Wesolowski, J.J. et al
ASBESTOS IN THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENT
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 198)
World consumption of asbestos in last 30 yrs has increased from about 500,000
tons/yr to about 4 million tons/yr. Californianas are widely exposed to as-
bestos from both natural and industrial sources. Inhalation of sufficiently
great amounts of asbestos fibers is associated with asbestosis, lung cancer,
and mesothelioma; there is suspicion of gastrointestinal cancer from ingestion
of asbestos. Mechanism of pathogenicity may depend on fiber size; abundance
of very small particles indicates need for electron microscopy. Paper dis-
cusses sampling methodology and electron microscope techniques used to identify,
count, and size asbestos particles in California environment.
*2-0013
ASBESTOS
Fondimare, A. et al
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF ASBESTOS DUST LEVELS IN LUNGS AND PLEURA BY OPTICAL
AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 151)
Studies of fifteen workers, exposed to asbestos dust, were compared to studies
of others in whom asbestos or ferruginous bodies were discovered but who had
not had significant occupational exposure. Expectorations, pneumonectomy
samples and autopsy material were studied.
After studying the resulting anatomical-clinical data from the viewpoint of
occupational risk a quantitative lab research study was made on asbestos. Elec-
tron microscope results showed that in subjects exposed to a high occupational
risk, the dust level was of the order of 10^ to 105 asbestos bodies/4 gr of
lung; the number of naked fibers in the same sample would range from 10& to 10?
At these dust levels, subjects showed fibrosis, broncho-pulmonary or meotheli-
oma lesions. Dust figures were generally much lower for subjects only slightly
or moderately exposed to asbestos.
-89-
-------
*2-0014
ASBESTOS
Bignon, J. et al
EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF ASBESTOS DUST IN THE LUNGS BY MICROFILTRATION OF THE
EXPECTORATION AND GASTRIC JUICE
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 2k to 28 June 1974. (Abst. No. 150)
The use of microfiltration to identify and count the ferruginous (asbestos)
bodies and asbestos fibers in expectoration and gastric secretions from an empty
stomach and in the fragments of pulmonary tissue is described.
Microfiltration is a simple, easily reproducible technique for determining that
asbestos is the cause of certain diagnosed thoracic diseases or even cancer of
the stomach and for evaluating the level of asbestos dust in workers' lungs.
However, differences in the results noted via microfiltration vs. centrifugation
indicates that the various laboratories conducting such studies should discuss
the methods.
ASBESTOS
See also: 2-0045, General Information
-90-
-------
1-0015
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
Murphy R.L.H., Jr., and Peters, J.M.
A 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF 27 WORKERS EXPOSED TO TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
Abstract of Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Thoracic
Society/American Lung Association, May 13-15, 1974, Cincinnati, Ohio
An in-depth examination of general health and pulmonary function was made on 27
workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The time period covered the years
1966, 1967, and 1969 with a three year follow up in 1972. Half of the workers
had left that place of employment during the intervening years. Those who remained
at the plant had significantly worse pulmonary function. Most of them however,
were clinically well.
1-0016
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
Wright, Usha, and Battigelli, Mario C.
MECHANISM OF SMOOTH MUSCLE RESPONSE TO TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
Abstract of Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Thoracic
Society/American Lung Association, May 13-15, 1974, Cincinnati, Ohio
The cause of the bronchial difficulties experienced as the result of exposure to
TDI (toluene diisocyanate) has been interpreted by some as an immune mechanism.
The authors, using guinea-pig ileum segments to investigate the effects of TDI,
have concluded that the immune mechanism may not necessarily explain the diseased
condition, especially when the asthmatic individual has not been previously ex-
posed to TDI.
-59-
-------
1-0017
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
(Production)
Anon
BAYER AG AND CYDSA S.A.
Rubber Age 106 (8): 6 (1974)
Industrias Cydsa Bayer S.A., in which Bayer has a 40% interest, plans a 12,000
ton/year toluene diisocyanate plant in Mexico which is to be expanded to a yearly
output of 24,000 tons .
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
See also: 1-0001
1-0012
-60-
-------
1-0018
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
FURTHER PROGRESS IN COAL GASIFICATION
Chem. Eng. News _52 (32): 17-8 (August 12, 1974)
Brief description of two new developments provides information on M.W. Kellogg's
low-B.T.U. coal gasification process and on the successful long-term tests of a
methanation step for W. Germany's Lurgi Mineraloeltechnik's high-heating-value,
pipeline gas-from-coal process. Includes investment and operating cost estimates.
In the Kellogg process hot gases go from the gasifier to cyclones for particu-
lates removal, and Kellogg claims that the ash and dust from the cyclone can be
used for landfill without further treatment. By-product tars and oils can be
burned as fuels or used as a source of chemicals. Sulfur can be removed in a
number of different ways.
-61-
-------
1-0019
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
(New Book)
Ferris, James J. et al
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT ...
Env. Sci. & Tech. S (8): 706-10 (1974)
Modeling techniques help solve problems in biological production and environmental
quality. This paper reviews the research activities of the Special Committee for
the International Biological Program (SCIBP), created in,1964 by the Interna-
tional Council for Scientific Unions (ICSU). Research was aimed at defining the
biological basis of productivity for human welfare and allowed global studies on
organic production on land, in fresh waters, and in the seas; potentialities
and uses of new and existing natural resources; and human adaptability to chang-
ing conditions. U.S. biome aquatic studies are described briefly as are the
various aquatic models, including CLEAN (Comprehensive Lake Ecosystem Analyzer)
the biome's total aquatic ecosystem model.
1-0020
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Daetz, Douglas and Pantell, R.H., eds.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING: ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., P.O. Box 699, 523 Sarah St.,
Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360. 1974. $22
This book is designed for advanced students and professionals. Systems techniques
as applied to air quality, water, waste, and ecosystem management and interdis-
ciplinary issues are illustrated.
-62-
-------
*1-0021
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Anon
ADDITIVES FOR PLASTICS
European Plastics News T (3): 21 (July 1974)
Six major polymers used in outdoor applications in the USA contain zinc oxide as
an ultraviolet stabilizer. Economic advantages were cited by F.J. Schrade (lead,
Zinc Research Organization, Inc.) at a recent meeting of the International
Business Contact Club, held in Brussels.
*1-0022
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Anon
COATING PHOTO-INITIATOR
Modern Plastics 51 (8): 24 (1974)
Union Carbide's Coating Materials Department is promoting (DEAP), 2,2-Diethoxy-
acetophenone, as an additive that absorbs impinging light and is particularly
useful for curing aerylate coatings in an inert atmosphere. Transparent coatings
and inks provide a market for this product.
-63-
-------
PHTHALATES
See also: 1-0001
-64-
-------
1-0023
POLYURETHANES
(Production)
Anon
NEW PLANTS, NEW PRODUCTS FOR UNITED FOAM
Modern Plastics 51 (8) : 86 (1974)
United Foam Corp., Compton, Calif., opened urethane foam manufacturing plants
at Shawnee, Okla., and Denver, Colo., and a foam fabrication plant at Louis-
ville, Ky. Now operating 10 urethane foam manufacturing facilities and 7 foam
fabricating plants, United produces carpet underlay, furniture cushioning and
padding, automotive interior parts, packaging materials, etc. A new ceiling
material for mobile homes, called Tylon, has received a class B flame rating.
1-0024
POLYURETHANES
(Production)
Anon
UNITED FOAM CORP.
Rubber Age 106 (8): 71 (1974)
New additions to the facilities of the United Foam Corp. brings their total to
10 plants for the manufacture of urethane foam and seven fabricating plants.
Additions include a new 100,000 sq. ft. plant at Shawnee, Okla., and expansion
of the Denver, Colo., facility to 100,000 square feet.
-65-
-------
Anon
ARMSTRONG CORK CO.
Rubber Age 106 (8): 6 (1974)
1-0025
POLYURETHANES
(Company News)
The urethane foam business of the Armstrong Cork Co., of Lancaster, Penna., is
being sold to Fluorocarbon Co., of Anaheim, Calif. This company will purchase
most of Armstrong's assets in cast urethanes.
1-0026
POLYURETHANES
(Uses)
Anon
POLYTHANE MOLDED PRODUCTS CORP.
Rubber Age 106 (8): 6 (1974)
Laserthane Division of Laser-Sanders Corp., Doylestown, Penna., which manufactures
polyurethane industrial tires, has been purchased by Polythane Molded Products
Corp., Levittown, Penna.
-66-
-------
POLYURETHANES
See also: 1-0012
-67-
-------
1-0027
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Stewart, Richard D. et al
USE OF BREATH ANALYSIS TO MONITOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURES
Arch. Environ. Health ^i (1) ' 6-13 (July 1974)
Breath analysis curves were prepared from data obtained from 20 volunteers
(10 male, 10 female) who had inhaled TCE vapors at 20, 100, or 200 ppm. Tests
on breath samples were made at one, three, and 7 1/2 hours postexposure. The
data were highly reproducible in the early postexposure period. Breath analysis
can be used as a rapid method for determining recent and time-weighted average
exposure to TDI.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See also: 1-0030
-68-
-------
1-0028
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
OIL SHALE
Environment 16 (6): 22 (July/Aug. 1974)
Oil shale mining in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming will yield cancer-inducing wastes
from "combustion retorting" a technique for separating oil from shale rock.
Denver Research Institute estimates that by 1979 yearly production will create
about 60 million tons of these wastes containing about 680 tons of carcinogenic
materials (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as 3,4-benzopyrene). By 1987,
the carcinogenic wastes may be seven times greater than in 1979. Potential
hazards: wastes entering the food chain, being released into air, or causing
spontaneous combustion. Additional carcinogens may exist in the water resulting
from the retorting process. Large amounts of industrial water, needed for the
entire operation, will add to waste disposal problem and subtract from farm and
ranch use.
-69-
-------
1-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
STILLBIRTHS AND MISCARRIAGES IN WIVES OF VINYL CHLORIDE WORKERS STUDIED:
Env. Health Letter 13 (16): 3 (Aug. 15, 1974)
"Very preliminary" data reported on by Dr. Irving Selikoff, Mount Sinai Medical
Center, hint at the possibility of: a higher-than-normal incidence of stillbirths
and miscarriages among wives of workers exposed to vinyl chloride. At one plant,
the rate of those fetal wastages was 142 per 1,000 pregnancies; at another plant,
it was 72 per 1,000. There is, however, no available norm for comparison purposes.
Dr. Selikoff did report -that a chromosomal analysis of the cells of 11 workers
exposed to vinyl chloride showed a higher incidence of abnormalities and chromo-
sal breakages than occurred in a group of 10 controls. The 1,000 or so lympho-
cytes studied so far is a small sample; 22 other workers are undergoing chromo-
some tests.
Husbands of all these women were exposed not only to vinyl chloride but also to
other chemicals at work
1-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE AT MOLECULAR LEVEL
Science News 106 (5): 71 (Aug. 3, 1974)
Because of the announcement of the deaths of 15 vinyl-chloride (VC) workers, the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences conducted a conference at
Pinehurst, N.C., on the action of vinyl chloride on the human body and the magni-
tude of the plastics problem. Apparently, enzyme activation in the body breaks
down the vinyl chloride monomers (single molecules) into monochloroethylene
oxide. B.L. Van Buren suggests that the VC molecules first bond to membranes or
other cell proteins before being broken down and "activated" into a carcinogenic
species; he also suspects trichloroethylene, used widely as a degreasing agent
and also as an anesthetic during dental surgery, as a potential carcinogen.
Other researchers reported: breakdown products react with the cell constituents
glutathione and cysteine; and the greater susceptibility of starved rats to VC
effects may be associated with depletion of glutathione during fasting.
-70-
-------
1-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE: PLAY-BY-PLAY
HAPPI 11 (7): 46 (1974)
The MCA, CPSC, NIOSH, OSHA, EPA, FDA, and even GAO have all been involved in
the VCM and PVC controversy. In early June, EPA planned to set emission limits
for manufacturing plants but later in June reported that air sampling showed
no hazardous levels of either VCM or PVC around manufacturing plants. MCA will
administer four VCM/carcinogenicity research projects funded by U.S. producers
of the chemical.
1-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
LIVER CANCER RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROCESSING OF PVC VERY LOW
European Plastics News _! (3): 2 (July 1974)
After the announcement that inhalation of vinyl chloride monomer may have caused
liver cancer (angiosarcoma) in rats, an epidemiological study of workers at major
PVC polymerization plants in Great Britain was conducted. No increase in cancer
of any sort was found. Later diagnoses, however, found 18 cases of angiosarcoma
in U.S. and European PVC process workers; 16 of these were fatal. The workers
were exposed to very high levels of VC monomer over 20 years.
Exposure levels have been lowered from 1000 ppm in 1955, to 300 ppm in 1973; are
now at 50 ppm; should go down to 10 ppm, and to 5 ppm in new plants. Although
rats contact liver cancer at 50 ppm, there is yet no proven link between rats
and humans. Average exposure levels of 5 ppm are claimed in the fabrication
industry; where higher, improved ventilation could reduce the level to 5 ppm
or lower. In summary, it is not possible to prove zero risk, but concentrations
of VCM absorbed by public from handling PVC or eating food wrapped in PVC films
are considered negligible.
-71-
-------
1-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
EPA IS BELIEVED MOVING
JAPCA ,24 (8) : 734 (1974)
OSHA has issued policy guide lines for workers exposed to vinyl chloride, set-
ting the Safety Standard at 50 ppm with a stipulation that only qualified State
or Federal industrial hygienists run the tests and issue citations as necessary.
As the aftermath of the hearings held by OSHA on this problem, it is believed
that EPA will move to declare vinyl chloride a hazardous air pollutant since it
has been linked to a rare form of liver cancer.
1-0034
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
EPA's INTEREST IN VC
JAPCA 24_ (18): 734 (1974)
Reports of fatal liver cancer in two persons living downwind of vinyl chloride
plants and of two similar deaths of workers with only marginal exposure have
heightened EPA's interest in VC as a hazardous air pollutant.
-72-
-------
1-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
FDA SOON WILL LIMIT VINYL CHLORIDE
Chem. Eng. News ^2 (33): (8 Aug. 1974)
FDA Commissioner, Alexander M. Schmidt, reports that vinyl chloride packaging of
food and drugs will soon be restricted so that the limit of VC seepage from the
package will be at the lowest detectable level when using current analytical
methods.
1-0036
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SURVEY OF VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER
Chem. Wk. 115 (5): 32 (July 31, 1974)
NIOSH has funded Bendix's Launch Support Div. to study occupation exposure to
vinyl chloride monomer in 3 VCM and 15 PVC plants. The work will cover exposure
records and test present exposures. NIOSH will report on its own survey of
5 PVC plants.
-73-
-------
1-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SECOND THOUGHTS ON USING PVC
Chem. Wk. 115 (5): 19-20 (July 31, 1974)
Packaging consumes 325-million-lbs/yr of PVC resin. Enforcement of a proposed
standard of 1 ppm could shutdown all U.S. PVC plants, causing loss of up to
2.2 million jobs and a domestic production value of $65-90 billion/yr. The
search for substitute materials is on, but for some applications there is no
substitute for PVC. Brief review of PVC uses and quantities.
Most PVC plants are enclosed. Goodrich plans to build an "outdoor" plant. Some
manufacturing problems are reviewed, as are possible pollution control methods.
Maltoni now suspects all carbon-chloride groups as potential carcinogens; is
studying VCM inhalation at 25 ppm down to 1 ppm and testing the effect of in-
gestion. MCA studies have linked brain and lung damage to VCM exposure.
1-0038
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PROPOSED CHANGE IN TEST PROCEDURES FOR OCTYLTIN STABILIZERS IN VINYL
CHLORIDE PLASTICS
Fed. Reg. 3>9_ (156): 28899-900 (Aug. 12, 1974)
The FDA is proposing a change in extraction testing procedures. A comprehen-
sive testing program, in which various PVC formulations were tested with both
foods and food-simulating solvents, indicates that a limitation of 0.5 ppm
(instead of the present 1 ppm) total octyltin stabilizers in food-simulating
solvents will assure that total migration of the permitted octyltin stabilizers
will not exceed the currently permitted 1 ppm in food.
-74-
-------
1-0039
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
B.F. GOODRICH
Env. Sci. & Tech. £ (8), 691 (1974)
B.F. Goodrich feels that the proposed standard for vinyl chloride of no detectable
exposure level cannot be met with present technology and would impose job losses
on production workers and employees in other companies which use PVC. Goodrich
will undertake its most intensive R&D effort to research lowest possible levels.
1-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
INDUSTRY HAS ITS SAY ON VCM
Modern Plastics 51 (8): 12 (1974)
At OSHA's late June hearing on worker exposure to VCM, discussion centered on
OSHA's recommended "no detectable level" standard. For PVC plants, industry
proposes a level of 40 ppm VCM and a maximum daily time-weighted average of
25 ppm, with further reduction of these levels to 25 and 10 ppm, resp., by
5 Oct. 1976. For VCM plants: a 25 ppm ceiling and a 10 ppm.time-weighted average
with reduction by 5 Oct. 1976 to 10 and 5 ppm, resp.
Dow and Diamond Shamrock report VCM levels under 50 ppm and no cases of liver
cancer among past and present workers. Sweden has set a 20 ppm VCM level, re-
ports no liver cancer cases.
-75-
-------
1-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER
Rubber Age 106 (8): 20 (1974)
Vinyl chloride monomer production has been cut back 8-10 percent generally as a
result of the OSHA emergency temporary standard of 50 ppm, according to industry
sources. Most companies claim that they are unable to operate at potential.
1-0042
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
UPDATE
Modern Plastics .51 (8): 43 (1974) -
Price increases noted for PVC and chlorine. Also, Tenneco reports that its 1973
PVC resin expansion will be 127,000 metric tons, an increase of 18,000 tons over
earlier production report.
-76-
-------
1-0043
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Book)
Albright, Lyle E.
PROCESSES FOR MAJOR ADDITION-TYPE PLASTICS AND THEIR MONOMERS
McGraw-Hill, Inc., NYC 10020. 1974. 385pp. $22.50
Process descriptions for vinyl chloride polymer and monomer include critical
analyses, key features, and bottlenecks. Similar treatment is given to three
other major polymers, PE, PP, and PS. Alternate processes and sales trends are
also discussed.
1-0044
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE TESTS
Rubber Age 106 (8): 74 (1974)
Vinyl chloride monomer can be readily detected by gas chromatography to 1 ppm,
according to DeBell and Richardson Testing Institute, Enfield, Conn. Analyses
are being performed on air samples and vinyl resin containers are being tested
for monomer transfer to the materials in the containers.
-77-
-------
1-0045
VINYL CHLORIDE
Gross, Sidney
RASH IS NOT RIGHT
Modern Plastics 51 (8): 33 (1974)
This editorial admits that the exposure of workers to VCM deserves serious con-
cern and that strict regulations are essential, but urges OSHA to evaluate
seriously industry's proposal to reduce sharply VCM air levels instead of drop-
ping to the zero ppm level.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See also: 1-0001
1-0013
-78-
-------
1-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Colton, John B., Jr. et al
PLASTIC PARTICLES IN SURFACE OF THE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC
Science 185 (4150): 491-7 (Aug. 9, 1974)
Plastic particles of various types and characteristics have been found in the
Sargasso Sea and in coastal waters of New England, Although the particles are
not toxic, they are not biodegradable, and the potential dangers to fish are
discussed briefly. At the present level of occurrence, no serious biological
consequences are likely. Increasing production of plastics and present waste dis-
posal practices forebode increases of these particles in rivers, estuaries, and
the open ocean.
1-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Buchnea, Dmytro and Buchnea, A.
AIR POLLUTION BY ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS RESULTING FROM CORROSION OF AIR CONDITIONERS
Env. Sci. & Tech. _8 (8): 752-5 (1974)
Air conditioner units operating at peak capacity gave off a dust which contained
approximately 124 micrograms of aluminum compounds per cubic meter. In a 10-hour
period in an air conditioned environment one could inhale 513 micrograms of these
compounds. This concentration is much higher than the standard set by the
Government of Ontario
-79-
-------
1-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
McGill, D.B. and Motto, J.D.
AN INDUSTRIAL OUTBREAK OF TOXIC HEPATITIS DUE TO METHYLENEDIANILINE
New Eng. J. of Med. 291 (6): 278-82 (Aug. 8, 1974)
Clinical evidence points to methylenedianiline as the etiological factor in
12 cases of hepatitis which developed in 12 young male workers exposed to MDA.
The skin was the major portal of entry suggested by circumstantial evidence. When
re-examined later, none had chronic liver disease.
1-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PRECAUTIONS FOR MBK
Arch. Environ. Health 29^ (2): 120 (Aug. 1974) .
Additional animal studies on Eastman Kodak's product, methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK),
are being conducted by the company after reports that personnel exposed to MBK
in certain types of industrial operations developed peripheral neuropathy. In
earlier studies, rats exposed to inhalations of MBK at high levels, over four
months, developed nerve changes indicative of peripheral neuropathy.
-80-
-------
1-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SEVEN THOUSAND OKLAHOMANS
Env. Sci. & Tech. 8 (8): 690 (1974)
Phosphorus trichloride, manufactured by FMC's industrial chemicals division,
seeped from freight cars after a train wreck in Oklahoma, affecting 7000 persons.
Over 200 required treatment for burning lungs, nausea, and other ill effects.
-81-
-------
1-0051
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
SUMMARY OF PENNSYLVANIA ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS
Pennsylvania Environmental Council, Inc., 313 S. 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19102.
1974. 66pp. $5.00
Announcement in: JAPCA 24 (8): 797 (1974) (No abstract)
-82-
-------
2-0001
ARSENIC
Sullivan, Richard J.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ON PROPOSED "RULES AND REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING SUR-
FACE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS"
Office of the Commissioner, Department of Environmental Protection, State of
New Jersey, Trenton, N.J. 08625, July 5, 1973
These proposed water quality criteria list certain substances (arsenic, barium,
cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, mercury, selenium, and silver) that shall
not exceed the specified limits or one-twentieth of the TL value at 96 hours,
whichever is lower. The limit set for arsenic is 0.05 mg/IT
2-0002
ARSENIC
Beitz, Lieselotte, Haase, Joachim et al
DETECTION OF TRACES OF NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES IN AIR, WATER AND BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
USING X-RAY FLUORESCENT ANALYSIS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 51)
In the investigation of the effect of environmental pollution on human beings,
chemical monitoring of the air, water and earth, as well as examining vege-
table and animal products, is of fundamental importance. Comprehensive investi-
gations are necessary to obtain exact statistics and other data on the present
burden on the atmosphere and biological media. The critical toxic concentrations
of noxious substances such as S, Pb, Cd, Zn, As, Hg and Sb must be laid down in
collaboration with the medical profession.
Recent research has shown that X-ray fluorescent analysis (XFA) can be used
successfully to solve the problems quoted above on account of the short time
required for the analysis (40-800 sees.), the high reproducibility of the values
and the possibility of total automation. Methods of analyzing the air, water,
noxious substances in vegetable products are described.
-83-
-------
2-0003
ARSENIC
Holmqvist, Ivar
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ABSORPTION OF SOME METALS AMONG PEOPLE IN THE SURROUND-
ING AREA OF A SMELTING PLANT
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 63)
The investigation was carried out in order to show to what extent emission of
metals from a smelting plant, Boliden Aktiebolag, Ronnskar, in the north of
Sweden, could be found in blood and urine among people in the surrounding area
and if any biological effects of the emission could be observed.
Analyses of metals in urine have been made on 3 groups of women living at dif-
ferent distances and in various directions from the smelting plant. Arsenic,
lead, cadmium and mercury contents have been tested. The analyses do not show
any unnonnally high percentages of those metals in the urine in any of the groups.
Regarding arsenic some differences between the groups could be noted owing to
meteorological factors. The emission of metals from the smelting plant do not
seem to give people in the surrounding area any content of metals in urine that
could indicate any risk at all.
2-0004
ARSENIC
Gordus, Adon A.
HAIR AS AS DIAGNOSTIC INDICATOR OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO TRACE ELEMENTS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 146)
Samples of human scalp hair from heterogeneous, selected homogeneous, and in-
dustrially exposed population groups are being analysed for up to 40 elements
using a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and flame-
less atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Visual and microscopic examination
of the hair samples provides data on hair color'and morphology. Personal data,
including information on age, height, weight, shampoos used, food preferences,
etc., provide a means of determining the degree to which the trace element con-
tent of hair is dependent on personal factors. Following washing of about 20 mg.
samples of hair, INAA provide data for Na, Mg, Al, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr,
Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cii, Zu, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Te, I, Ba, La, Sr, Au, and
Hg. The irradiated hair samples are then dissolved in HN03 and, using FAAS,
data are obtained for Li, Be, Si, Ga, Mo, Cd, Sn, Cs, Tl, Pb, Bi, and, if neces-
sary, more reliable data for K, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba.
-84-
-------
2-0005
ARSENIC
Woidich, H. and Pfannhauser, W.
THE INCIDENCE OF THE HEAVY METALS LEAD, CADMIUM, MERCURY, TIN AND ARSENIC IN
FOODSTUFFS AND FEEDSTUFFS IN AUSTRIA
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 97)
The incidence of the heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, tin and arsenic in
various foodstuffs in Austria was established and substantiated by thorough re-
search by the Institute. A large volume of statistics on foodstuffs with an
especially high incidence, in particular, fish, shellfish and offal, is pre-
sented. In addition representative tests on other types of food are quoted.
The highest mercury contents were to be found in tinned tunny. Offal and shell-
fish were fairly strongly contaminated with cadmium, as were some cereals, whilst
the arsenic content of various kinds of offal, cod liver for example, was notice-
able. While investigating arsenic, it was noticed that smoked products had
slightly, but significantly, higher contents compared to unsmoked products.
Contamination during the smoking process should therefore not be excluded. The
toxicological risk of organic metal compounds is considerable. The incidences
established are compared with international standards and results obtained in
other countries.
-85-
-------
*2-0006
ASBESTOS
Goldstein, B., Webster, I. et al
THE USE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES IN PNEUMOCONIOSIS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DISEASE
RESEARCH
Env. Res. 7 (3): 320-9 (June 1974)
Monkeys and baboons serve as agents for industrial disease research in South
Africa, after having undergone health examinations. Studies are underway on the
physiological parameters of baboons, which are being used in current experiments
to determine the effects of asbestos country rock and asbestos-cement, the dose
response after exposure to asbestos dusts, the effectiveness of drugs in pre-
venting and treating silicosis, and absorption by the body of lead particles of
varying sizes.
*2-0007
ASBESTOS
Morgan, A.
ADSORPTION OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN BY ASBESTIFORM MINERALS AND ITS APPLICATION
TO THE MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE AREAS OF DISPERSED SAMPLES OF CHRYSOTILE
Env. Res. _7 (3): 330-41 (June 1974)
In studies in which iodine-131 labelled human serum albumin was used to measure
the adsorption of protein by different asbestiform minerals, the amount of albu-
min adsorbed by chrysotile was affected by the degree of dispersion, the limiting
value being approximately 70 mg/g for fully opened samples at an equilibrium con-
centration of 0.1 mg/ml. Because the surface area of chrysotile increases with
magnesium removal, albumin adsorption is only effective in measuring the surface
area of intact chrysotile.
Albumin adsorption thus provides a useful means for quantifying the degree of
dispersion of asbestos in suspensions used for injection into experimental animals.
-86-
-------
*2-0008
ASBESTOS
Kalacic, Ivo
EARLY DETECTION OF EXPIRATORY AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN CEMENT WORKERS
Arch. Env. Health 29_ (3): 147-9 (Sept. 1974)
Measurements of maximal expiratory flows at higher and at lower lung volumes in
39 nonsmoking cement workers and 29 nonsmoking controls showed that cement
workers had lower expiratory volumes, suggesting the existence in these workers
of a reduction of elastic recoil or an increase in airway resistance, or both.
A previous study of asbestos workers indicated that long-term exposure to occu-
pational dusts may promote the obstruction of small airways.
*2-0009
ASBESTOS
El-Sewefy, A.Z., Sheen, H. et al
BONE MARROW CHANGES IN ASBESTOSIS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollusion," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 178)
Seventeen workers from an Egyptian asbestos-cement pipe factory exposed to
asbestos dust, and seldom exposed to silica and cement dust for a period of
10 to 26 years of age range from 30 to 57 years were examined clinically,
radiologically, and hematologically including bone marrow puncture.
The result showed a state of leucopenia, increased sedimentation rate, the bone
marrow showed a marked to extreme degree of generalised hyperplasia, the out-
standing feature is the marked increase in the number of reticulum cells, some
of them are immature and binucleated.
These results are discussed in the text.
-87-
-------
*2-0010
ASBESTOS
Montague, K. and Montague, P.
FIBER GLASS
Environ. 16 (7): 6-9 (Sept. 1974)
Some 33,000 consumer products contain fiber glass, which, according to reports
through the 1970's, was considered harmless to humans. However, in 1967
Dr. I.J. Selikoff, who first provided epidemiological evidence of the dangers
of lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma from asbestos, warned against the
use of fiber glass. In 1972, Dr. M.F. Stanton reported small fiber glass parti-
cles were potent carcinogens. Long, thin particles (thinner than 3 microns;
longer than 20 microns) of asbestos, fiber glass, or alumina are the most haz-
ardous and are potent carcinogens in the rat.
*2-0011
ASBESTOS
Wilcox, Sandra L. et al
ESTABLISHING SAFE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS FOR EIGHTEEN HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 135)
Describes data gathering methods, analysis and discussion of results and speci-
fic health effects of each pollutant in a study conducted to provide data for
the development of safe ambient air quality levels for 18 hazardous pollutants,
including 13 metals, asbestos, boron, chlorine, fluorides, and selenium.
-88-
-------
*2-0012
ASBESTOS
Wesolowski, J.J. et al
ASBESTOS IN THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENT
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 198)
World consumption of asbestos in last 30 yrs has increased from about 500,000
tons/yr to about 4 million tons/yr. Californianas are widely exposed to as-
bestos from both natural and industrial sources. Inhalation of sufficiently
great amounts of asbestos fibers is associated with asbestosis, lung cancer,
and mesothelioma; there is suspicion of gastrointestinal cancer from ingestion
of asbestos. Mechanism of pathogenicity may depend on fiber size; abundance
of very small particles indicates need for electron microscopy. Paper dis-
cusses sampling methodology and electron microscope techniques used to identify;
count, and size asbestos particles in California environment.
*2-0013
ASBESTOS
Fondimare, A. et al
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF ASBESTOS DUST LEVELS IN LUNGS AND PLEURA BY OPTICAL
AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium.sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 151)
Studies of fifteen workers, exposed to asbestos dust, were compared to studies
of others in whom asbestos or ferruginous bodies were discovered but who had
not. had significant occupational exposure. Expectorations, pneumonectomy
samples and autopsy material were studied.
After studying the resulting anatomical-clinical data from the viewpoint of
occupational risk a quantitative lab research study was made on asbestos. Elec-
tron microscope results showed that in subjects exposed to a high occupational
risk, the dust level was of the order of 10^ to 10^ asbestos bodies/4 gr of
lung; the number of naked fibers in the same sample would range from 10^ to 10?
At these dust levels, subjects showed fibrosis, broncho-pulmonary or meotheli-
oma lesions. Dust figures were generally much lower for subjects only slightly
or moderately exposed to asbestos.
-89-
-------
*2-0014
ASBESTOS
Bignon, J. et al
EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF ASBESTOS DUST IN THE LUNGS BY MICROFILTRATION OF THE
EXPECTORATION AND GASTRIC JUICE
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abst. No. 150)
The use of microfiltration to identify and count the ferruginous (asbestos)
bodies and asbestos fibers in expectoration and gastric secretions from an empty
stomach and in the fragments of pulmonary tissue is described.
Microfiltration is a simple, easily reproducible technique for determining that
asbestos is the cause of certain diagnosed thoracic diseases or even cancer of
the stomach and for evaluating the level of asbestos dust in workers' lungs.
However, differences in the results noted via microfiltration vs. centrifugation
indicates that the various laboratories conducting such studies should discuss
the methods.
ASBESTOS
See also: 2-0045, General Information
-90-
-------
BORON
See: 2-0011, Asbestos
-91-
-------
2-0015
ETHYLENEIMINE
Stoltz, D.R., Poirier, L.A. et al
EVALUATION OF SHORT-TERM TESTS FOR CARCINOGENICITY
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29 (2): 157-180 (Aug. 1974)
Eight abbreviated test systems evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing
the carcinogenicity of chemicals were concerned with accelerated tumor forma-
tion, chromosome aberrations, mutagenesis, DNA repair synthesis, teratogenesis,
in vitro cell transformation.
Ethyleneimine and g-propiolactone are among several carcinogens that have given
positive responses with the differential chromosome staining procedures.
2-0016
ETHYLENEIMINE
Anon
OSHA REGULATIONS ON CHEMICAL UPHELD
Chem. Eng. News 52 (35): 4 (Sept. 2, 1974)
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Philadelphia upheld OSHA's
permanent rules regulating ethyleneimine as a suspected human carcinogen, basing
its decision on two separate controlled animal studies. The regulations cover
worker exposure, work practices, and medical surveillance for contact with solid
or liquid mixtures containing more than 1% by weight or volume of the chemical.
The court felt that the Secretary of Labor made a legal rather than a factual
determination in extrapolating from human to animal studies, and that the Secre-
tary in effect determined that the finding of carcinogenicity in two species of
animals necessitates that the chemicals involved must be treated as carcinogens
in man.
-92-
-------
2-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Foltz, Virginia and Fuerst, Robert
MUTATION STUDIES WITH DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTEE EXPOSED TO FOUR FLUORINATED
HYDROCARBON GASES
Env. Res. 1_ (3): 275-85 (June 1974)
The mutagenic potential of four fluorinated hydrocarbon gases, Freon C-318
(perfluorocyclobutane), Genetron-23 (fluoroform), Genetron-152A (1,1-difluoro-
ethane),.and perfluorobutene-2, was tested on Drosophila melanogaster, using
the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals as a measure of activity. All
four gases were mutagenic to Drosophila under the test conditions, but specific
comparisons of mutagenicity among the gases cannot be made because of differences
in the exposure time of the organisms to the gases.
Genetron-23 treatment, for example, increased the number of recessive lethal
mutants and later generations of males treated with Genetron-23 had numerous
melanotic tumors. Deviant phenotypes were noted with all the gas treatments,
but it was not determined if they had a genetic origin.
The need for atmospheric controls of fluorinated hydrocarbons in the environment
is suggested because of their potential carcinogenic and genetic hazard.
2-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Garrett, Shirley and Fuerst, Robert
SEX-LINKED MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA AFTER EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS MIXTURES OF
GAS ATMOSPHERES
Env. Res. 7. (3): 286-93 (June 1974)
Tests were conducted on Drosphila melanogastev, using the Base technique of
Muller and Oster, to determine the mutagenic effects of six gases: Genetron-23,
Genetron-152A, nitrous oxides, perfluorobutene-2, sulfur-chloride-pentafluoride,
and methyl mercaptan. All six gases were mutagenic but the last two were more
toxic than desired for the study. When perfluorobutene-2 was studied in mixtures
with compressed air and oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide, the mutation rate
increased in proportion to the amount of perfluorobutene-2 in the mixture. The
highest recessive mutation rate, 1.78 ± 0.02, was obtained with perfluorobutene-2.
-93-
-------
2-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
AEROSOLS UP 2.8% in '73, CSMA TOLD
Soap/Cosmetics/Chem. Spec. 50 (7): 27-32 (1974)
Output estimated at 2,902,000,000 units, a gain from 2,823,191,000 for 1972,
60th midyear meeting of Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association hears.
Attendance of close to 1200 reflected in well-attended sessions.
A tabulation of the estimated and actual units of non-food and food products
filled by 110 U.S. companies provides a good review of the types of products
packaged.
The current status of fluorescent whiteners for laundry products was reported
on by John Liska of Ciba-Geigy Corp., Greensboro, N.C.
2-0020
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS
Env. JL6_ (7): 25 (Sept. 1974)
According to F.S. Rowland and M.J. Molina of the University of California, freons
(chlorofluoromethanes), the propellants used in most aerosol formulations, re-
lease chlorine in the stratosphere, leading to the destruction of ozone. Al-
though they estimate the effects may not be noted for at least 50 years, if
the ozone layer -20 to 30 miles above the earth is destroyed, the earth's sur-
face would be exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which is lethal to some life
forms. Additionally, N.E. Hester et al have reported a buildup of freons in
Los Angeles basin air, but indicate the freons are very stable.
-94-
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2-0021
FLUOROCARBONS
Thompson, Emmanuel B. and Harris, Willard S.
TIME COURSE OF EPINEPHRINE-INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS IN CATS EXPOSED TO DICHLORO-
DIFLUOROMETHANE
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29^: 242-8 (Aug. 1974)
Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants inhaled in high concentrations have caused
healthy humans to die and have sensitized dogs to epinephrine-evoked ventricular
tachyarrythmias. Whether or not catecholamine-evoked ventricular tachyarrhyth-
mias contribute to fluorocarbon deaths, sensitization to the arrhythmogenic ef-
fects of injected epinephrine may be a means of measuring fluorocarbon-caused
cardiac cellular effects. In this study, cats were injected with epinephrine
before and from 3 to 10 minutes after inhaling dichlorodifluoromethane (as a
mixture of 37% dichlorodifluoromethane, 21% oxygen, and 42% nitrogen) for
4 minutes. Epinephrine-evoked ventricular tachyarrhythmias were noted only
after dichlorodifluoromethane inhalation. The incidence of the epinephrine-
evoked ventricular tachyarrhythmias varied inversely with time after fluorocarbon
inhalation stopped and sometimes persisted for 10 minutes after.
2-0022
FLUOROCARBONS
Barratt, R.S. Belcher, R. et al
ANAESTHETIC VAPOUR POLLUTION IN OPERATING THEATRE ATMOSPHERES
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 205)
Evidence is accumulating to suggest potential occupational hazards to operating
theatre personnel who are subject to prolonged exposure to inhalational anaes-
thetic agents. The reported effects of chronic exposure to these volatile or-
ganic compounds include an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion among
anaesthetists and nurses, while the possibility that certain of these agents may
be carcinogenic, teratbgenic or mutagenic has been suggested. The published
figures for levels of halothane in theatre air give a useful indication of the
extent of the pollution, but numerous observers have expressed the desirability
of a more extensive investigation of the problem together with more reliable
data. This paper describes part of a comprehensive investigation to examine
the exposure of theatre staff to pollution on operating theatre atmospheres by
halothane, trichloroethylene and methoxyflurane vapours. The fundamental ex-
perimental techniques which are essential for meaningful analytical data will
be discussed and typical results indicating the distribution of the anaesthetic
agents throughout the operating theatre will be presented.
-95-
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2-0023
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
RESEARCH PROJECTS..ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FLUOROCARBONS
Chem. Eng. News .52 (35): 15 (Sept. 2, 1974)
The Manufacturing Chemists Association will extend its studies on the environ-
mental effects of fluorocarbons and will include studies on their stratospheric
effects. Previous studies indicate no chemical changes in common fluorocarbons
in the lower atmosphere and no harmful environmental effects.
-96-
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2-0024
HALOETHERS
Tomatis, L.
THE CARCINOGENIC RISK FOR MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 157)
The hypothesis that environmental factors play an essential role in the aetiol-
ogy of human cancer is receiving wide support and it has been repeatedly as-
serted that over 80% of human cancers are due to environmental factors. En-
vironmental factors may act directly on individuals exposed and may affect preg-
nant women and therefore reveal an effect on a subsequent generation.
A direct effect of environmental factors in producing cancer in man has shown by:
(1) the unequivocal evidence of the chemical origin of occupational cancer, as in
the cases of urinary bladder tumours in workers exposed to aromatic amines, lung
cancers in workers exposed to bis(chloromethyl)ether, etc.; (2) the well-docu-
mented cases of iatrogenic cancers; (3) the positive correlation between ciga-
rette smoking and lung cancer; (4) the different cancer incidences in urban and
rural populations and the possible role of air pollution; and (5) the results
of studies on migrants showing that for some cancers migrants acquire incidences
similar to those of the host countries. Results obtained in experimental car-
cinogenesis are in keeping with a direct carcinogenic effect of chemicals. The
evidence that exposure of pregnant women to a carcinogen may result in an in-
creased risk of cancer in the progeny has been provided by the reports on the
incidences of vaginal cancer in daughters of women exposed to stilboestrol dur-
ing pregnancy. The role of prenatal exposure in determining cancer risks in
the progeny is fully documented in experimental carcinogenesis. The possibili-
ties of removing or preventing carcinogenic hazards to man in the environment
will be discussed.
HALOETHERS
See: 2-0022, Fluorocarbons
-97-
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2-0025
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Stonard, Michael D. and Nenov, Peter Z.
EFFECT OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE ON HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYMES IN THE RAT
Biochem. Pharm. 23 (15): 2175-83 (1 Aug. 1974)
In rats fed hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for 7 days there was a sharp increase in
hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels, an enhancement of in vitro microsomal oxida-
tions and a lessening of the pharmacological actions of hexobarbitone in vivo.
In chronic feeding of HCB, concentration of cytochrome P-450 remains elevated.
Apparently, HCB resembles phenobarbitone as an inducer but differs somewhat in
microsomal enzyme induction.
-98-
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*2-0026
HYDRAZINE
(Manufacturing)
Anon
A NEW COMMERCIAL ROUTE TO HYDRAZINE
Chem. Eng. News _52 (35): 15 (Sept. 2, 1974)
Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann, Lyons, France, has developed a new commercial
process for the manufacture of hydrazine by reacting ammonia, hydrogen peroxide,
and a ketone in the presence of an amide or phosphate. Elimination of hypo-
chlorite oxidizing agent precludes sodium chloride by-product. The company
expects to have a semicommercial unit operative in 1975.
-99-
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2-0027
ISOCYANATES (Organic)
Neff, J.E. and Ketcham, N.H. ,,
A DETECTOR TUBE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF METHYL ISOCYANATE IN AIR OR NITROGEN PURGE
GAS
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. .35 (8): 468-75 (1974)
The described detector tube can detect methyl isocyanate down to 1 ppm by volume
and is useful for determining methyl isocyanate levels in vessels before they
are opened for inspection. The reaction of the chemical with p-aminoazobenzene
impregnated on silica gel causes the color to change from orange to yellow. Use
of a battery-operated wire coil gives needed heat for an immediate reaction.
The detector tube might make it possible to differentiate aliphatic and aromatic
isocyanates.
In the testing of other chemicals, the color change of the p-aminoazobenzene
detector tube with toluenediisocyanate at an approximate concentration of
13,000 ppm (by volume, at 25°C and 750-mm pressure) was orange to yellow. When
vapors from a bottle of concentrated HCl are aspirated through the detector
tube previously exposed to MeNCO, phenyl isocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate
(TDI), the following color changes are observed: the tube exposed to MeNCO
turns from yellow to the red-dish-orange color obtained with HCl and unreacted
p-aminoazobenzene. The tubes exposed to phenyl isocyanate and the TDI turn
a violet color over the yellow(reacted) area, while the orange unreacted
section gives the reddish orange observed with HCl plus the indicator. This
could possibly be used as a test to distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic
isocyanates.
-100-
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2-0028
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
SNG-FROM-COAL STUDY VIEWS 1990 MARKETS
Chem. Eng. News ,52 (34): 18 (Aug. 26, 1974)
A 146-page market research study, covering a number of equipment and utilities
markets, is available from Frost & Sullivan, Inc., New York City. Lurgi tech-
nology will probably be the first commercialized. SNG production will reach
about 1.6 trillion cu ft/yr by 1990, the output from approximately 20 plants.
Capital expenditures and other costs are discussed.
2-0029
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
NEW REGULATIONS FOR AIR QUALITY PROPOSED
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (35): 13-4 (Sept. 2, 1974)
EPA offers proposed regulations that may help clarify the 1970 Clean Air Act
and would give the states the task of determining the amount of air quality
deterioration, if any, allowed within their borders, under three classifica-
tions. Class II permits a moderate amount of industrial development, if new
facilities use the best technology available for pollution control. Included
under new facilities are "typical" coal gasification facilities and oil shale
processing facilities.
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2-0030
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Canton, H. and Greve, P.
LABORATORY MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE STUDY OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CHEMICALS IN THE
AQUATIC FOOD CHAIN
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 92)
Accumulation of persistent chemicals in the food chain is an important factor in
the evaluation of potential hazards to men caused by the presence of such chemi-
cals in the environment. In order to efficiently study this accumulation, model
systems on laboratory scale must be developed which give indications on the accu-
mulating properties of a given chemical, so that - with due precautions - an
estimate can be made of the consequences if that chemical - deliberately or not -
is allowed to come into the environment.
In the contribution submitted, two relatively simple model systems, one for fresh
water and one for salt water, will be described. In each system a phytoplankton -
a zooplankton- and a fish species is included. The performance of the systems
will be illustrated by experiments with a-hexachlorocyclohexane, which compound
is an important contaminant of many Dutch surface waters.
2-0031
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Marcus, Allan H.
BODY BURDEN OF POLLUTANTS: COMPARTMENTAL STOCHASTIC MODELS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 94)
For the transport of trace pollutants and radioactive tracers through the body,
a physiologically plausible model (random walk with drift) is proposed by which
a single four-parameter compound Poisson process for residence time of a mole-
cule in a compartment can fit all of the observed types of specific activity
curves. The parameters have a direct interpretation as constants of an age-
dependent molecular exchange rate between compartments. Complex system dyna-
mics can be modeled as a Markov renewal process. The carboxyhemoglobin levels
in blood due to carbon monoxide exposure, for example, appear to require at
least a two-compartment model. This model is appropriate for evaluation of
physiological response to random environmental stress since the response can be
represented as a linear stochastic integral in which the specific activity func-
tion "filters" the pollutant dosage. Community air pollution can usually be
modeled as a log-normal random process. Occupational and personal doses require
a point process description such as a Markov renewal process, hence the physiolo-
gical response is a generalization of "shot noise." Applications include: trace
metal toxicology; carboxyhemoglobin levels; threshold effects; setting health
standards.
-102-
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2-0032
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Aubert, M. and Donnier, B.
EXPERIMENTAL MARINE TROPHODYNAMIC CHAINS: METHOD OF STUDYING THE PATHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 181)
The danger of chemical pollution o.f the sea results from the concentration
capacity of certain pollutants in marine species. This fact can give rise to
high concentrations of these frequently toxic substances, chiefly in the last
links in the biological chains, which are usually those consumed. Described
is an original method by which marine trophodynamic chains, representing the
main biocoenoses, are recreated in the laboratory and exposed for varying periods
and in progressive concentrations to the pollutants under consideration. The
results are obtained by evaluating the biological behaviour and chemical impreg-
nation of their components.
This systematically employed methodology makes it possible (via the same biolo-
gical chain) to conduct research on toxicity levels, on the effects of the bio-
logical decomposition of a pollutant, and on the transfer and concentration of
toxic substances. The results make it possible to assess the risks involved in
human consumption of sea-food and thus the possible dangers to public health.
2-0033
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Del Borghi, M., Fumarola, G. et al
STUDY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH
BY SIMULATION USING MECHANICAL BIOCHEMICAL MODELS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 210)
A mechanical biochemical model, designed to provide physical and mathematical
correlations of exposure and effect, to assess the impact of environmental
pollution on human health, is based on the familiar analytical techniques suc-
cessfully tested in studies on distribution, effects and acceptable levels of
drugs in the human body, and is in the form of one or more biochemical re-
actors in parallel series.
The model is designed to provide simultaneous measurements of the most important
parameters indicating suspected or observed effects of pollution on human health,
such as pollutant concentration, duration of exposure, and intrinsic characteris-
tics of the exposed subject, relating these to the type of vehicle (atmosphere,
water, food, noise), for each type of pollutant. Faster working than older epi-
demiological and statistical methods, it provides an excellent means of inter-
preting physiological and behavioral changes in man from pollutants; of monitor-
ing and making significant estimates of the synergic, antagonistic and cumula-
tive effects, both short and long-term, of various pollutants.
-103-
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2-0034
NAPHTHYLAMINES
Hrudey, S.E., Perry, R. et al
THE COMPOSITION OF RESIDUES FROM MUNICIPAL REFUSE INCINERATORS
Env. Res. 1_ (3): 294-302 (June 1974)
Organic materials in the ash from municipal refuse incinerators were extracted
and identified with particular attention being paid to the analysis of incomplete
combustion products, e.g., aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons. Gas-liquid chro-
matography/mass spectrometry, £-ray fluorescence and stereoscan studies were
among the techniques used.
A two dimensional thin layer chromatogram shows major components, including
phenyl a-naphthylamine.
-104-
-------
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
See: 2-0019, Fluorocarbons
-105-
-------
BETA-PROPIOLACTONE
See: 2-0015, Ethyleneimine
-106-
-------
*2-0035
PHTHALATES
Singh, A.R., Lawrence, W.H. et al
MUTAGENIC AND ANTIFERTILITY SENSITIVITIES OF MICE TO DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE
(DEHP) AND DIMETHOXYETHYL PHTHALATE (DMEP)
Toxicol. And Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): 35-46 (July 1974)
Male mice injected with DEHP or DMEP of lesser toxicity than the acute LD50 dose
were mated with untreated virgin females in which both phthalates at high doses
caused a definite reduction in pregnancies to a lesser extent. Antifertility
effects were more persistent with DEHP than with DMEP during the 12-week study.
Dose- and time-dependent antifertility and mutagenic effects were noted for the
two phthalates. Early fetal deaths and semisterility were among the adverse
reproductive and/or genetic effects rioted.
*2-0036
PHTHALATES
Rubin, R.J. and Schulz C.O.
RELATION OF THE PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL STATE OF A PLASTICIZER, DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)
PHTHALATE (DEHP) TO ITS BIOLOGICAL DISPOSITION AND ACTION.
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 80)
Some 1 billion pounds/yr of phthalate ester plasticizers are-produced in the
U.S. Because of the widespread environmental distribution of these esters,
there is growing concern about their potential toxicological hazards. Three
different preparations of DEHP, the most widely used phthalate, were studied to
determine the disposition and biological effects of this compound administered
in different physical states by various routes. These were: 1) a sonicated
aqueous emulsion (completely opaque); 2) a detergent-dispersed preparation
(opalescent) ; and 3) a detergent-solubilized preparation (completely transparent)
Varying results on the rate of disappearance in the blood, accumulation in body
organs, production of marked pulmonary edema following i.v. admn. of prepn. 3,
and the killing by asphyxiation of 50% of the rats by 300 mg/kg.of the same
prepn., indicates more knowledge of physical state of DEHP needed to evaluate
its toxicologic potential.
-107-
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2-0037
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Silverman, A.P. and Williams, Helen
BEHAVIOUR OF RATS AND THE THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 179)
Social behavior was observed in groups of 16 male rats exposed singly to vary-
ing levels of TCE vapor (200, 500, or 1000 ppm for 5x6 (sic) hours/wk for about
5 weeks (12 weeks at 100 ppm). Control rats showed highest spontaneous acti-
vity on return to home cage after daily separation; TCE reduced this activity.
At 1000 ppm, fall in activity due to TCE was significant after 1 day. At 100 ppm,
activity fell after 1 day in one group of rats; after 1 1/2 weeks in another
group; and after 8 1/2 weeks in a third. In unfamiliar cages, thirsty rats
exposed to TCE found water and began drinking quicker than controls. Present
TLV for TCE in Britain is not at a no-effect level.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See : 2-0022, Fluorocarbons
-108-
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2-0038
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINEMENT
Anon
OIL SHALE
Env. Rept. 5_ (8): 64 (1974)
The Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines. Vol. 69, No. 2, contains the 19
papers on the state-of-the-art of oil shale mining and production, which were
presented at the Seventh Oil Shale Symposium, 18-19 April, 1974. Available
from the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401; price, $6.
SHALE OIL
See: 2-0029, Liquefaction and gasification of coal
-109-
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2-0039
VINYL CHLORIDE
Maltoni, Cesare and Lefemine Giuseppe
CARCINOGENICITY BIOASSAYS OF VINYL CHLORIDE 1. RESEARCH PLAN AND EARLY RESULTS
Env. Res. 7. (3): 387-405 (June 1974)
The possibility of tumor formation in experimental animals from exposure to
vinyl chloride is under study with consideration for such parameters as route
of administration, dosage, treatment duration, species, strain, and age of
animals.
When rats inhaled high concentrations (250 to 10,000 ppm) of VC, they developed
Zymbal gland carcinomas, nephroblastomas, liver angiosarcomas, and other effects
Under the same conditions, mice developed pulmonary adenomas, breast cancers,
and liver angiosarcomas. Results indicate a direct relationship between dose
and length of treatment and neoplastic response.
2-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
TOUGH WEEK FOR VINYL CHLORIDE
Chem. Wk. 115 (9): 13-4 (Aug. 28, 1974)
Senate Commerce Committee Subcommittee on the Environment probably will use new
data presented on vinyl chloride toxicity at its recent hearings to press for
quick agreement with the House on a toxic substances act.
I.J. Sekiloff, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, testified to potential mutagenicity
of VC; J. Wagoner, NIOSH, mentioned that deaths from liver cancer among 109 VC
workers, who died in 1950-1973, was "2 times the number expected." Recently,
248 Ohio meat wrappers initiated a class action suit vs. Goodyear Tire & Rubber
and Borden, charging physical injury to packers from VC reportedly released
during meat-wrapping.
-110-
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2-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Manufacturing)
Anon
A VOTE FOR PVC
Chem. Wk. 115 (9): 15 (Aug. 28, 1974)
Firestone Plastics is building a new dispersion-grade polyvinyl chloride resins
plant near its PVC installation, Perryville, Md. Scheduled for mid-1975 comple-
tion, unit will help boost PVC capacity from 400 million to 450 million Ib/yr.
Plant may not meet no-detectable level standard; "is being engineered to keep
the exposure level as low as is technologically possible."
2-0042
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE
Environ. 16 (7): 27 (Sept. 1974)
EPA may limit vinyl chloride to 50 ppm in the air outside chemical plants, but
the Labor Department is arguing for zero levels inside plants. Unions agree
with the Labor Department proposal; industry is resisting.
Two people have died from liver cancer traced to vinyl chloride from polyvinyl
chloride plants in their neighborhoods. EPA, however, sees no "imminent hazard"
to those living near vinyl chloride plants.
-Ill-
-------
2-0043
GENERAL INFORMATION
Mendell, J.R. et al
TOXIC POLYNEUROPATHY PRODUCED BY METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
Science 185 (4153): 787-9 (30 August 1974)
Seventy-nine out of 1161 workers at a plant producing plastic-coated and color-
printed fabrics showed evidence of polyneuropathy, probably due to the effects
of N-butyl ketone (MBK), which is used as a dye solvent and cleaning agent.
Chickens, rats, and cats exposed to 200 to 600 ppm of MBK continuously for 7 days
per week developed a peripheral neuropathy.
It is suggested that the recommended threshold limit value of 100 ppm of MBK be
reviewed and that safe atmospheric levels of MBK be established.
2-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anderson, J.W. and Neff, J.M.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY EDIBLE MARINE ANIMALS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 69)
Man's health may be endangered from pollution of the marine environment by petro-
leum and petroleum hydrocarbons. Marine organisms tend to accumulate petroleum
hydrocarbons and retain them in their tissues but this potential health hazard
to those who eat marine fish and shellfish has not yet been assessed. Studies
were made on the patterns of uptake and retention of potentially toxic and/or
carcinogenic petroleum he's by several species of marine crustacea molluscs
and fish, using two crude oils and two refined oils.
Higher concentrations in sea water mixtures of di- and tri-aromatic he's re-
sulted from the refined oils. Naphthalenes, as a group, were accumulated to the
greatest extent by all marine animals. Complete release of petroleum he's
occurred in from one to 52 days, the rate being species dependent. A simple
spectrophotometric method was devised to measure naphthalene and alkyl naphth-
alenes quantitatively in marine animal tissues. Results discussed in relation
to hazards to human health.
-112-
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2-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CANCER/WOODWORKING LINK?
Env. Rept. .5 (9): 67 (Sept. 4, 1974)
A study of the 1969-1971 death records of members of the Carpenters and Joiners
union showed excessive leukemia-lymphoma group cancers in millwrights, millmen,
lumber workers, sawmill workers, and cabinet makers. A high percentage of lung
and stomach cancers were noted among construction workers, particularly in
major urban areas. According to Dr. S. Milham, Jr., State Dept. of Social and
Health Services, who conducted the study, the results confirm the suspicion
that wood contains cancer-causing agents.
An off-shoot of the study was the finding of excess lung cancer mortality among
acoustical tile workers, probably traceable to asbestos exposure.
2-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hook, E.P. et al
A SEARCH FOR CHROMOSOMAL BREAKAGE IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO SPRAY ADHESIVES
Paper presented at The American Environmental Mutagen Society, Fourth Annual
Meeting, March 8-11, 1974, Washington, D.C.
In August and September 1973, the Consumer Product Safety Commission reported
a 5- to 6-fold increase in the rate of cells with chromosomal damage in persons
exposed to spray adhesives in Oklahoma City. This paper tells of a double-
blind study of "exposed" individuals and matched controls by the Birth Defects
Inst., Albany, N.Y., following the CPSC report. A first study was made on 36
metaphases from PHA(phytohemegglutinin)-stimulated peripheral blood of 22 sub-
jects. Should the expected control rate of about 1.2% have been found in both
groups then this would have excluded with 95% confidence a doubling or greater
rate in the exposed compared to the controls. When the code was broken, a rate
of 3/398 cells (0.8%) with evidence for breakage was found in the controls, and
7/397 (1.76%) in the exposed, a "non-significant" difference (chi2=0.92) which
in fact excludes with 95% confidence a rate in the exposed of five times or
greater that in the controls. The study was done over a 2-week period.
[Abstr. in: Mutation Res. 26 (5) 457 (Oct. 1974)]
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2-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Vorsenger, Gary and Hirschhorn, K.
ABSENCE OF INCREASED CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS DUE TO AEROSOL SPRAY ADHESIVES
Paper presented at The American Environmental Mutagen Society, Fourth Annual
Meeting, March 8-11, 1974, Washington, D.C.
A recent report indicated that multiple birth defects might arise from the use
of foil art spray adhesives (two abnormal infants born to parents who had
1) used adhesive spray before and during pregnancy, and 2) only before conception)
However, a correlation of spray adhesives sales data and multiple birth defects
in two areas polled showed that an increase in sales of spray adhesives was not
accompanied by an increase in birth defects. Another study on the chromosomal
effect, using peripheral blood from patients and controls, also showed no dif-
ference in the rate of chromosome aberrations between subjects and controls.
Now underway is a study of spray adhesives in the system, DROSOPEILA MELANOGASTER.
[Abstr. in: Mutation Res. 26 (5), 457-8 (Oct. 1974)]
2-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Kaiser, Klaus L.E.
MIREX: AN UNRECOGNIZED CONTAMINANT OF FISHES FROM LAKE ONTARIO
Science JL85 (4150): 523-5 (9 August 1974)
The finding of mirex in fish samples from the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario,
Canada, far from any possible area of its field application, raises the question
of its source. Apparently, analytical techniques have not allowed for a differen-
tiation between mirex and PCB's, and mirex may have been improperly identified
as a PCB isomer. Mirex, also called Dechlorane, is a perchlorinated hydrocarbon,
C,nCl,9, which may be a widespread environmental contaminant with high geochemical
stability.
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2-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Omenn, Gilbert S.
"ECO-GENETICS": HOST VARIABILITY IN HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 170)
The genetically-determined variation in enzymes, cell surfaces, and immune
responses of the host plays an important role in assessing the effects of environ-
mental agents upon living things. For example, variation in enzymes of the DNA
repair mechanism may be greatly influence mutagenic effects. The action of the
host on the agent may give rise to different vulnerabilities. Therefore, certain
individuals may run higher risks for mutagenic and other effects of common agents
not considered harmful in over-all epidemiological investigations. Practical
screening methods may be developed to recognize individuals at much higher than
"normal" or "acceptable" risk to specific agents in defined occupational or
geographic environments.
2-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Capurro, P.U.
ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS CAUSED BY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO SOLVENTS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 174)
More than 100 people, exposed to solvents of different types, were studied.
Most of them were exposed to air pollution caused by a chemical plant that re-
covers solvents from discarded chemicals and others working for industry. The
air and the water in the area of the chemical plant were studied with gas chro-
ma tography and mass spectrometry for more than 2,000 hours. Distribution of
chemical vapors in the atmosphere was studied. The effects on the people were
studied especially with insulin immunoassay, glucose tolerance, liver scan,
pancreas scan and lung scan. With these methods, the organ most damaged was
found to be the pancreas, followed by the lung and liver. Kidney damage was
also noted. Many people, including children, complained of pain in the extremi-
ties. A strong suggestion of increased rate of malignancies was found in the
area where the chemical plant was present, such as two carcinoma of the pan-
creas. The youngest patient with carcinoma of the pancreas was a 21 year old
man. There were two cases of carcinoma of the larynx and four cases of malig-
nancy of the blood-forming organs. Zinc blood levels and zinc urinary excretion
studies were done and changes found.
-115-
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2-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cicolella, A. et al
EXAMPLE OF ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH ON A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE GIVING RISE TO PATHOLO-
GICAL EFFECTS
Abstract of paper presented at "Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution," an International Symposium sponsored by
Commission of the European Communities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and World Health Organization, Paris, 24 to 28 June 1974. (Abstr. No. 189)
An abnormally high number of blood count inversions detected in employees of
a French firm could not be traced to any definite cause. Suspect, however, was
a-phenylindole. Pharmacological, hematological and other tests were made on
rabbits ( inhalation) and on mice and rats (oral and i.p. administration).
Examination of the action of this compound on the metabolism of the naturally-
occurring indole derivative showed disturbance of the tryptophane metabolism,
with urinary elimination of hippuric acid and 5-hydroxy-indoles. In follow-up
tests on about 500 workers, the same reaction was noted. The method is recom-
mended for evaluating health effects of pollutants in the work environment.
2-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
GENETICAL HAZARDS OF POLLUTANTS
Nature 2_50 (5467): 537 (Aug. 16, 1974)
Eight speakers at a Genetical Society symposium, Lancaster, England, July 10-12,
1974, discussed current knowledge on the genetical effects of pollution. These
-effects are divided into: selection and mutation. Much is known about the se-
lective effects of pollutants, e.g., heavy metal tolerance in plants, but less
is known of the more complex mutational aspects of pollution. Peripheral blood
lymphocytes provide a means of testing the effects of new chemicals on human
tissue, but other effective methods are urgently required.
-116-
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2-0053
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
Environ. :.16 (7): 28 (Sept. 1974)
Ethylene oxide, a fumigant widely used in sterilizing medical equipment and some
foods, may be a potential health hazard. Herbert Rosenkrantz, Columbia University,
reports that the volatile ethylene oxide, when used, forms nonvolatile ethylene
chloride. Evidently, the chloride by reacting with DNA is a possible mutagen
and carcinogen.
2-0054
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
RAW MATERIALS DATA HANDBOOK
J. Paint Technol. 46_ (595): 80 (Aug. 1974)
Sponsored by the National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers, the Na-
tional Printing Ink Research Institute has published volume one of Raw Mate-
rials Data Handbook. The 123 separate data sheets, designed to aid in es-
tablishing preventive industrial safety techniques by providing physical pro-
perties and hazards data on organic solvents used in the ink industry, will be
followed by other volumes covering all raw materials used by the industry.
-117-
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2-0055
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF ATMOSPHERIC OZONE COULD BE DESTROYED
Chem. Eng. j>2 (34): 16 (August 26, 1974)
Exhaust gases from an international fleet of supersonic transports could deplete
much of the atmosphere's ozone, according to scientists at MIT. By establish-
ing a worldwide maximum SST emission level of nitrogen oxides, probably 0.1
megaton/year, ozone loss could be kept under 1%.
2-0056
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WHAT CAUSED A "MYSTERIOUS ILLNESS" AT A MEN'S APPAREL PLANT?
Chem. Eng. 81 (17): 39 (August 19, 1974)
Employees of Munsingwear, a men's apparel plant in Hominy, Okla., developed
symptoms of organo-phosphate poisoning headaches, nausea, dizziness, muscle
cramps, and lower limb weakness when they returned to work after a vacation.
A total of 130 became ill, with 15 hospitalized. A pesticide used against
insects in the cafeteria was ruled out as a possible cause. Suspect now are
fumes from polymers used as package sealants, but tests will continue to try to
find the actual cause.
-118-
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2-0057
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EFFECTS OF FLOATING OIL CONTAMINANTS (TAR BALLS)
Chem. Eng. News,52 (34): 16 (August 26, 1974)
Under contract to the American Petroleum Institute, the Bermuda Biological Sta-
tion for Research will investigate the effects of floating oil contaminants on
shoreline plants and animals. The study will take place in Bermuda, where tar
balls are prevalent.
-119-
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2-0058
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
COMPLIANCE SAMPLING MANUAL, AS DRAFTED JANUARY 1972; REVISED March 1, 1973
Prepared by Technical Programs, Texas State Department of Health Air Pollution
Control Services. Texas Air Control Board, 8520 Shoal Creek Boulevard,
Austin, Texas 78758
Describes the techniques and procedures used by the staff of the Texas Air Con-
trol Board for the measurement and analysis of common air contaminants.
2-0059
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Segesser, Ernest R.
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN
FOR FISCAL YEAR 1974-75
Division of Water Resources, Department of Environmental Protection, State of
New Jersey, P.O. Box 1390, Trenton, N.J. 08625
This document incorporates the State strategy statement, the construction pri-
ority list, permit priority lists, municipal and industrial discharge lists, and
planned outputs.
-120-
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2-0060
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
CONNECTICUT REPEALS PHOSPHATE BAN
HAPPI 11 (7): 7 (1974)
On the recommendation of the Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, the
state's legislature voted in May to repeal the 1973 state law banning the sale
of phosphate-based detergents in Connecticut after 30 June.
Although detergent sales will now go back to the 8.7% limit on phosphates by
weight, effective since 1972, a new ruling requires the marketer to file a
statement with the DEP listing chemical and common names of all active ingre-
dients or to label his packages with the percentage of phosphate by weight.
The DEP can also ban or restrict detergent sales or use in any locality to
protect the state's waters.
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 2-0001, Arsenic
2-0016, Ethyleneimine
2-0029, Liquefaction and gasification of coal
-121-
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3-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Jaeger, R.J. et al
TOXICITY AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RATS AFTER INHALATION EXPOSURE TO
1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE, BROMOBENZENE, STYRENE, ACRYLONITRILE OR 2-CHLOROBUTADIENE
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Because earlier experiments indicated that inhalation of the plastics monomer,
1,1-dichloroethylene, was toxic to rats, other plastics monomers were tested.
Acrylonitrile (ACNO, styrene (S), and 2-chlorobutadiene (CBD) depleted hepatic
glutathione. Neither S nor ACN caused liver damage, but S caused pulmonary irri-
tation and edema. ACN did not harm fed rats but it was lethal to fasted rats at
275 ppm. Liver injury from CBD was noted; fasting increased its toxicity. Appar-
ently, there are significant differences in inhalation toxicity testing based on
fed-fasting. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. and Appl. Pharm. 2£ (1): 81 (July 1974)]
3-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
Weinberg, Janet H.
TOXIC SURPRISES FROM THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY
Science News 106 (10): 154-5, 157 (Sept. 7, 1974)
The U.S. produces over 29 billion Ib/yr of plastics; about 2.5 million workers
produce them. A variety of chemicals go into the making of plastics including
fillers like asbestos, clay, fiber glass; dialkyl phthalates or oleic esters
for flexibility; titanium dioxide, chromium, organic dyes for color; plus stabili-
zers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, lubricants, flame re-
tardants and antistatic agents. Many of the chemicals involved in producing
plastics are toxic to humans.
Acrylonitrile, used to make aeryIon, produces bleeding and tissue damage to the
adrenal cortex in rats; a related compound, propionitrile, causes duodenal ulcer.
Toluene diisocyanate, used to make polyurethane, in a single exposure might cause
respiratory symptoms. Two researchers have offered data on the lung carcinogen-
esis of chloromethyl-methyl ether, which is used as a crosslinking agent for poly-
mer resins and which is laced with bis-chloromethyl ether, a known lung carcino-
gen in animals. Another chemical, 2-chloro-l,3-butadiene, like vinyl chloride,
causes liver cancer.
In a discussion of the industry/Government "controversy" over exposure standards
for toxic substances, mention is made of ethylfluoroacetate, a toxic compound,
used as an intermediate in a cancer drug.
-122-
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3-0003
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
NEW POLYMERS ON THE WAY
Chem. Eng. 81 (18): 32, 34 (Sept. 2, 1974)
Materials shortages notwithstanding, many new polymers particularly for the
aerospace industry, are under development. Spinoffs may find their way
into industrial and commercial uses. Mentioned: cost still crimps wide-
spread industrial use of reinforced plastics in which boron and graphite
fibers are reinforcing agents. Cost of structural grade graphite fibers
may go down to less than $10/lb by substituting pitch for polyacrylonitrile
as a precursor. Dielectric heating for rapid curing of reinforced plastics
may also reduce cost; has been successfully demonstrated for boron-epoxy
materials and other materials.
3-0004
ACRYLONITRILE
Environmental Protection Agency
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. DESIGNATION OF AND DETERMINATION OF REMOVABILITY
Fed. Reg. 39_ (164): 30466-71 (Aug. 22, 1974)
Acrylonitrile is one of several hundred materials listed in EPA's advance
notice of a proposed rule that will lead to the creation of a new Part 116
of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The substances listed are
being considered for designation as hazardous when released into the aquatic
environment in spill situations.
-123-
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3-0005
ARSENIC
Munro, I.C. et al
BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY OF ARSENIC FROM FISH
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
To supplement the paucity of data on the bioavailability of arsenic to mammals,
comparison studies were made on the excretion of arsenic and arsenic trioxide
from fish. Pigs were fed a series of 4 single meals. With low arsenic fish
serving as the control meal, the diets were high arsenic fish, arsenic trioxide,
and arsenic trioxide with low arsenic fish, at 0.3 mg As/kg for each. Pre- and
post-dosing urine and fecal collections showed that 80% of the arsenic was ex-
creted in the urine and the remainder in the feces after administration of the
high arsenic fish, with excretion virtually complete in 4 days. With arsenic
trioxide, 80% of the arsenic was excreted in the urine during day 1, while 20%
apparently was retained in the body. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. and Appl. Pharm.
29 (1): 111 (July 1974)]
3-0006
ARSENIC
Anon
A POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN ARSENIC PROCESSING AND CANCER IS BEING STUDIED
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 31 (Sept. 4, 1974)
With an estimated 1.5 million workers exposed to inorganic arsenic, OSHA is in-
vestigating the possibility that arsenic processing may cause cancer. Accord-
ing to Allied Chemical and Dow Chemical, mortality rates from lung and lymphatic
cancers are excessively high among workers who processed inorganic arsenic.
OSHA will hold hearings on 20 September 1974.
-124-
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3-0007
ARSENIC
(Manufacturing)
Anon
AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING HAS STARTED PRODUCTION
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 9 (Sept. 4, 1974)
American Smelting and Refining (Asarco), now producing metallic arsenic in Tacoma,
Wash., estimates production of approximately 360,000 Ibs/year of 99%-pure metallic
arsenic. Asarco sees a 1.2 million Ibs/year U.S. market for arsenic as an alloy-
ing ingredient; has priced its product at $1.60/lb for 2,000 Ibs or more, in
200-Ib drums. Asarco's venture marks first commercial U.S. production of arsenic.
3-0008
ARSENIC
(Manufacturing)
Anon
ARSENIC: POISON TURNED CARCINOGEN
Science News 106 (10): 149 (Sept. 7, 1974)
Dow and Allied chemical companies submitted studies, released by the Government,
which indicate that arsenic is carcinogenic in man. Dow reported that about
one-third of 178 workers in its Midland, Mich., arsenic plant (closed since 1956)
after being operated for 32 years) have died of cancer. According to Allied, 19
of 27 workers (Baltimore plant), who died during the last 13 years, died of can-
cer. Lung and lymphatic cancer rates were high in males. Allied's plant has
changed its manufacturing process. Wm. Lloyd, OSHA, suggests a 0.05 mg standard
should reduce the incidence of the disease.
-125-
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3-0009
ARSENIC
Illinois Pollution Control Board
WATER POLLUTION REGULATIONS OF ILLINOIS
As part of the effluent standards of the State of Illinois, published pursuant
to adoption through July 1973, a maximum concentration of 0.25 mg/1 was set for
arsenic.
3-0010
ARSENIC
Fulcher, Gordon
BOARD ORDER NO. 70-0828-5 (Aug. 28, 1970)
Texas Water Quality Board, 1108 Lavaca Street, Austin, Texas 78701
This order regulating the discharge of certain hazardous metals into or adjacent
to the water in the state of Texas includes arsenic and boron. The maximum
allowable concentration of each, stated in terms of milligrams/liter (mg/1)
determined on the basis of a daily average, is:
Metal Inland Waters Tidal Waters
arsenic 0.05 1.0
boron 5.0 5.0
-126-
-------
3-0011
ARSENIC
Goulden, P.D. and Brooksbank, P.
AUTOMATED ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, AND SELENIUM IN
NATURAL WATERS
Anal. Chem. _4£ (11): 1431-6 (Sept. 1974)
Sub-microgram levels of antimony, arsenic, and selenium in natural waters can be
detected with the described technique, which allows analysis of 40 samples/hour
with a limit of detection of 0.1 yg/A for arsenic and selenium and 0.5 yg/£ for
antimony. Simultaneous determinations of arsenic and selenium on a large number
of natural water samples were made, using a dual-channel spectrophotometer.
3-0012
ARSENIC
Anon
AEROSOLS IN SKY POSE DOWN-TO-EARTH THREAT?
Chem. Wk. 115 (12): 59 (Sept. 18, 1974)
Reported at the American Chemical Society's 168th meeting, Atlantic City, N.J.,
Sept. 1974: environmental hazard from the biological conversion of arsenic
(in pesticides, wood preservatives, etc.) into toxic products that may
accumulate in air, water, soil. According to D.P. Cox, Union Carbide, certain
bacteria can transform nonvolatile arsenicals into highly toxic gaseous
arsenic-containing compounds. Others reported conversion by microorganisms
of water insoluble inorganic arsenicals into soluble organic arsenicals that
can enter food chain, but de-emphasized "biomagnification" of arsenic
compounds.
F.S. Rowland, University of California at Irvine sounded an alert to the
possibility of increasing skin cancers and global change in climate from
atmospheric accumulation of chlorofluoromethanes resulting from use of
aerosol spray propellants and refrigeration coolants.
-127-
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*3-0013
ASBESTOS
Carides, J.N.
DIFFERENTIAL BINDING (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News j>2 (36): 3 (Sept. 9, 1974)
Writer comments on letter by C.A. Alson (C&EN, July 15, p.3) on possible role of
asbestos as an absorptive medium in the lungs, suggesting that the asbestos fibers
may act as a receiving, storing, and distributing agent of carcinogenic chemicals.
The writer proposes that some types of lung cancer, themselves, show surface
properties different from those of normal tissue, and that these differences
might be useful for early detection and/or therapy by direct differential bind-
ing of tracer-bearing molecules from the gaseous phase.
*3-0014
ASBESTOS
Environmental Pollution Agency
ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Fed. Reg. 39_ (169): Part II, 31592-9 (Aug. 29, 1974)
Effluent limitations and guidelines for certain subcategories proposed by EPA
on 26 Feb. 1974 are described.
-128-
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*3-0015
ASBESTOS
Illinois Air Pollution Control Board
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATIONS
State of Illinois, Revised, Second Printing, January 1973 (Printed by Environ-
mental Protection Agency)
Part VI, asbestos, states that the regulations are aimed at controlling the
amount of asbestos fiber released into the environment from the major sources
of emmission in order to protect the public and to safeguard the health of future
generations from continuous discharge of asbestos fiber, which can be toxic and
tends to be cumulative both in the atmosphere and the human body.
In a later section, "Opinion of the Board on Adoption of Regulations (//R71-16;
23pp.), the properties and hazards of asbestos are spelled out in greater detail;
storage, transport, and disposal methods are discussed.
*3-0016
ASBESTOS
New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGULATION (April 19, 1974)
State of New Mexico, Environmental Improvement Agency, P.O. Box 2348, Santa Fe,
New Mexico 87501
Section Number 201 of the Ambient Air Quality Standards and Air Quality Control
Regulations adopted by the New Mexico Health and Social Services Board on
January 23, 1970, amended on June 26, 1971, and amended on June 16, 1973, was
adopted April 19, 1974; effective June 2, 1974. The maximum concentration of
asbestos permitted, if present in the total suspended particulate, is 0.01 ug/m^.
-129-
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*3-0017
ASBESTOS
Lillington, G.A. et al
CONJUGAL MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA (Letter to Editor)
New Eng. J. Med. 291 (11): 583-4 (Sept. 12, 1974)
Malignant mesotheliomas in asbestos workers and 23 cases in (primarily) women
who resided in the home of asbestos workers have been documented. This short
report describes the case of a 49-year-old-man and his wife, who both died from
nalignant mesothelioma. He worked with asbestos; she washed his dusty clothing.
*3-0018
ASBESTOS
Cook, Philip, M. et al
ASBESTIFORM AMPHIBOLE MINERALS: DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS
IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES
Science 185 (4154): 853-5 (Sept. 6, 1974)
Municipal water supplies from western Lake Superior water contain significant
amounts of asbestiform amphibole minerals. X-ray diffraction shows the total
concentration of amphibole minerals in Duluth, Minn,, water supply to average
0.19 mg/£/ Electron microscopy shows the presence of asbestiform amphibole
fibers, which are apparently a human health hazard.
-130-
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ASBESTOS
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
-131-
-------
BORON
SEE: 3-0003, Acrylonitrile
3-0010, Arsenic
-132-
-------
3-0019
DIOXANE
Kociba, R.J. et al
1,4-DIOXANE TOXICITY AS DETERMINED BY A TWO-YEAR DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY IN RATS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Rats maintained for up to 716 days on drinking water containing 1.0% of 1,4-di-
oxane showed decreases in body weight gains, survival rates, and water consump-
tion, plus hepatocellular and renal tubular degenerative changes, and nasal car-
cinomas. At 0.1%, rats experienced some renal and hepatic degenerative changes
but no apparently dioxane-related tumors. There was no evidence of tumor forma-
tion or other evidences of toxicity in rats receiving 0.01% dioxane. A dose-
response for the toxicity of dioxane is assumed. Under recommended conditions
of use, dioxane should not cause any ill effects. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. ^i (1):' 86 (July 1974)]
3-0020
DIOXANE
Torkelson, T.R. et al
LACK OF MANIFESTATION OF TOXICITY IN RATS INHALING 111 PPM 1,4-DIOXANE FOR
TWO YEARS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Rats inhaling an average concentration of 111 ppm (0.4 mg/Jl) of 1,4-dioxane vapors
for 7 hours/day, 5 days/week for 2 years showed no detectable changes in demeanor,
growth, or mortality rate. Hematological changes were not unlike those of the
control animals. No lesions of major organs and tissues, and no hepatic or
nasal carcinomas were found. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): 86
(July 1974)]
-133-
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3-0021
FLAME RETARDANTS
Murphy, James, P.F. et al
EFFECT OF D1BROMOTRIFLUOROETHANE INHALATION ON HEPATIC DRUG METABOLISM
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, B.C., March 10-14, 1974
Mice, who inhaled dibromotrifluoroethane at concentrations of 0.10 to 0.63% for
5 hr/day, for 3 days, experienced an almost 2-fold reduction in hexobarbital
sleeping time. Apparently, the compound induced hepatic drug metabolizing en-
zymes. The tested fluoroalkane is under consideration by the U.S.A.F. as a
possible fire control agent. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. £9_ (1): 80-1
(July 1974)]
3-0022
FLAME RETARDANTS
Griffin, T.B. et al
CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE OF RATS TO HEXAFLUOROETHANE
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th. Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Reported studies of rats exposed for 23 hours/day to hexafluoroethane (Freon 116)
confirm the theory that F-116 is inert. Under the test conditions, there were
no apparent effects on the liver or lungs of the rats and growth was similar to
that of the control animals. Hexafluoroethane is under consideration as an at-
mospheric inerting agent for fighting combustion in spacecraft, aircraft, and
submarines. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): (July 1974)]
-134-
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3-0023
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
USE OF RADIATION INSTEAD OF HEAT FOR DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES
Chem. Eng. News .52 (36): 12 (Sept. 9, 1974)
Under a grant from NSF, North Carolina State University's school of textiles is
investigating using radiation rather than heat for dyeing and finishing textiles.
Studies.include radiation-induced fixation of flame retardants in fabrics and
radiation curing of adhesives in textiles using UV or electron radiation.
3-0024
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
OPPOSITION TO EXTENSION OF NONFLAMMABILITY STANDARDS TO ALL CLOTHING
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 10 (Sept. 4, 1974)
Ten public members of the Consumer Product Safety Commission object to extending
nonflammability standards to all clothing. Reason: it might put some essential
clothing out of the price range of low-income families.
-135-
-------
3-0025
FLAME RETARDANTS
Alarie, Y. et al
SENSORY IRRITATION EVOKED BY POLYURETHANE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
Paper to be presented at A.C.S. Rubber Division 106th Meeting,
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 15-18, 1974
After the burning of a flexible and a rigid polyurethane foam, each burned
with and without a flame retardant, mice were exposed to the decomposition
products (diluted with air. There was no significant difference in sensory
irritation between the flexible foam and its ounterpart, containing a flame
retardant; this was true also for the two rigid foams. Large, significant
differences were noted, however, between the two types of foams, with and with-
out flame retardants. Evidently, the nature of the foams, rigid vs. flexible,
is the controlling factor. Their rate of release of gases and smoke is dif-
ferent.
FLAME RETARDANTS
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
-136-
-------
3-0026
FLUOROCARBONS
Aviado, D.M. and Belej, M.
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF AEROSOL PROPELLANTS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Monkeys, used to test the inhalation toxicity of 15 aerosol propellants, showed
the usual pattern of bronchopulmonary response. In a classification scheme, based
on bronchopulmonary toxicity, propellants causing the known effects at concentra-
tions of 1-5% were considered to have high toxicity; at 6-10%, intermediate toxi-
CITY; and at 11-20%, low toxicity. High-pressure propellants had intermediate
toxicity or low toxicity. The former class included FC-12 and FC-22; the latter,
FC-115 and FC-152a. Low-pressure propellants with high toxicity included FC-11,
FC-21, and FC-113; with intermediate toxicity, FC-114, FC-142b, and FC C-318.
FC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) was most toxic, inducing cardiac arrhythmia at
a concentration of 2%. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2£ (1): 81-2
(July 1974)]
3-0027
FLUOROCARBONS
Borgstedt, Harold H.
MYOCARDIAL SENSITIZATION TO EPINEPHRINE BY HALOTHANE AND TWO HALOGENATED
CYCLOBUTANES
Abstracts of Papers for the k3th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Myocardial sensitization to epinephrine must be watched, when halogenated hydro-
carbons are considered as inhalation anesthetics. In these studies on dogs, halo-
thane (1.25%), l-bromo-l,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (1.5%), and l-chloro-1,2,2-
trifluorocyclobutane (2.5%) had similar sensitizing potential. [Abstr. in:
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. ^i (!): 10° (JulY 1974)]
-137-
-------
3-0028
FLUOROCARBONS
Wills, J.H. and Silber, D.
THE EFFECTS OF FREON 11 ON ISOLATED AURICLES
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Freon 11 vapors apparently cause no permanent damage to spontaneously beating
auricles from rat's hearts. Exposed to low concentrations of Freon 11 (1% v/v
in a 95% 0 , 5% CO- gas), contractions first increased in force while decreasing
in frequency. At Higher concentrations, contractions decreased in force and
sometimes stopped. When Freon 11 was removed from the gas, contractions resumed.
[Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): 133 (July 1974)]
3-0029
FLUOROCARBONS
Sherman, H. et al
THE ORAL TOXICOLOGY OF DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, B.C., March 10-14, 1974
Rats, first exposed to dichlorodifluoromethane in utero, were given the compound
(25-11 and 250-130 mg/kg) by intragastric intubation for 2 years. At the higher
dose level, rats showed a small decrease in the rat of body weight gain but no
clinical toxicity effects. Given orally, dichlorodifluoromethane die not affect
mortality; results of hematology, urine analysis, and liver function tests were
normal. There was no evidence of teratogenicity reproduction and lactation
proceeded normally and there was no change in the lethal mutation index in rats.
[Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. ^9_ (1): 152 (July 1974)]
-138-
-------
3-0030
FLUOROCARBONS
Bowman, Robert E.
HALOTHANE FINDINGS (Letter to Editor)
Science News 106 (10): 147 "(Sept. 7, 1974)
The author compliments the editor for the fair and accurate accounting of his
work on halothane-learning (Science News: 8/17/73, p. 103), but cautions that
more work must be done before it can be determined that further regulation of
halothane is necessary for human safety.
3-0031
FLUOROCARBONS
(Production)
Vecchio, Martino
MAKE CHLOROFLUOROETHANES DIRECTLY
Hydrocarbon Process. _5£ (8): 97-9 (1974)
Process chemistry and process technology involved in the production of trichloro-
trifluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and chloropentafluoroethane by con-
tinuous methane chlorofluorination are described. By use of an active, selective
catalyst in a fluidized bed, the chlorofluorocarbons can be produced continuously
at low cost.
-139-
-------
FLUOROCARBONS
SEE: 3-0012, Arsenic
3-0021, Flame Retardants
3-0022, Flame Retardants
SEE ALSO: 3-0054, Polyurethanes
-140-
-------
3-0032
HALOETHERS
Anon
U.S. SAFETY OFFICIALS HAVE WARNED INDUSTRY OF ANOTHER CARCINOGEN WORRY
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 10 (Sept. 4, 1974)
NIOSH is screening textile, paper, leather tanning and drycleaning operations
and medical laboratories for signs of bis-chloromethyl ether (BCME), which has
been identified as a carcinogen. Believed to occur only as a by-product of the
methyl chloromethyl ether used in purifying water for electrical generating
stations, BCME may form from the reaction of formaldehyde with hydrogen chloride
in the air. After its study of formaldehyde-using industries, NIOSH may take
further regulatory action against BCME.
HALOETHERS
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
-141-
-------
3-0033
HEXACHLOROB ENZENE
Grant, D.L. et al
EFFECTS OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE ON LIVER PORPHYRIN LEVELS AND MICROSOMAL ENZYMES
IN THE RAT
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent fungicide, was fed to rats for 274 days in
diets containing 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 ppm HCB. Sex affected acquired porphyria
on the 80 ppm HCB diet, females had 202 nmol porphyrin (calculated as copro-
phyrin) g liver, while males had 0.12 nmol. Both sexes showed similar dose-
related residues in liver; both showed (liver) body weight ratio increase on the
80 and 160 ppm diets. Females fed at least 20 ppm HCB experienced a decreased
pentobarbital sleeping time. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29 (1): 101
(July 1974)]
3-0034
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Kuiper-Goodman, T. et al
TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN THE RAT: CORRELATIONS OF ELECTRON MICROS-
COPY WITH OTHER TOXIC PARAMETERS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Effects of subacute feeding of diets containing hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 700 rats
were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32.0 mg/kg body weight, and then
killed in groups of 4 at from 3 to 12 weeks of feeding and at various times after
the HCB diets were stopped. Among the results: significant increase in lever
weight in males; 26% of females fed the highest dose diet died, but none of the
males died. Apparently, responses to HCB differ according to sex. [Abstr. in:
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29 (1): 101 (July 1974)]
-142-
-------
3-0035
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Villeneuve, D.C. et al
PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN THE RABBIT
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Placental transfer effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were studied in rabbits,
which were mated on day 0 and then given HCB orally from day 1 to day 27. Sub-
toxic doses of 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg/kg were used. Fetuses of dams were excised
and tissues removed on day 28. HCB content of maternal and fetal tissue crossed
the placenta and accumulated in the fetus. Response was dose-dependent. Highest
HCB concentration was in the fat tissue. Concentrations decreased then in this
order: liver, heart, kidney, brain, lung, spleen, and plasma. Liver concentra-
tions were higher while brain concentrations were lower in the fetus organs than
in the maternal. At all diet levels, there were no fetotoxic effects. [Abstr. in:
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29^ (1): 108 (July 1974)]
3-0036
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Khera, K.S.
HEXACHLOROBENZENE: TERATOGENICITY AND DOMINANT LETHAL STUDIES IN RATS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
To investigate the teratogenic potential of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which has
been found in birds, fish, mussel and animal tissues, and was also suspect in
a 4-year epidemic of human poisoning in Turkey during the late 1950's, rats
were given single daily po doses ranging from 0 to 120 mg/kg HCB during vary-
ing periods from 6-21 days of gestation. Maternal toxicity and reduced fetal
weight resulted from the 80 and 120 mg/kg doses. Increased incidences of uni-
and bilateral 14th rib among fetuses appeared to be dose- and duration-related.
Fetal weight and other skeleton anomalies were normal. For the dominant lethal
test, males were given oral doses of from 0 to 60 mg/kg for 10 days and mated
with virgin females. Incidence of pregnancies, corpora lutea and other related
effects were not unlike those in the control animals. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 29. (1): 109 (July 1974)]
-143-
-------
3-0037
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Turner, John C. and Green, Richard S.
EFFECT OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE ON MICROSOMAL ENZYME SYSTEMS
Biochem. Pharmacol. ^3 (17): 2387-90 (Sept. 1, 1974)
Increased microsomal protein levels resulted when male rats were fed diets con-
taining 333 ppm hexachlorobenzene for 10 days. Increases were noted also in the
levels of aniline hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450, etc. Because hexachlorobenzene
also stimulated the 2-hydroxylation reaction, it may be a potential carcinogenic
hazard.
3-0038
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Villeneuve, D.C. et al
THE EFFECTS OF PHENOBARBITAL AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ON THE RATE OF DECLINE OF
BODY BURDENS OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN THE RAT
Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 2 (3): 243-52 (1974)
Weaned rats were given diets of 0, 20, and 40 ppm of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for
3 months, then given an HCB-free diet and dosed with sodium phenobarbitol or
carbon tetrachloride. Post-mortem tissue analyses showed a depression of plasma
cholinesterase, liver aniline hydroxylase, and N-demethylase activities from
the carbon tetrachloride treatment, and an increase in the last two activities
from phenobarbital treatment. Females on the 20 and 40 ppm diets seemed to
have higher residues in their tissues than the males, in the order of: fat
>liver>kidney>spleen=heart=brain plasma. There was no direct correlation be-
tween induction of enzyme activity and rate of disappearance of HCB residues
in liver tissue.
-144-
-------
*3-0039
HYDRAZINE
Varga, G.M., Jr.
VAPOR DETECTOR
Esso Res. and Eng. Co., Linden, N.J., Government Res. Lab.
Final Rept. 10 Oct. 1972-15 Nov. 1973 (15 Feb. 1974). Kept. No. GRU.l
DJAE.74 RK-CR-74-8. Contract DAAH01-73-C-0137
For quantitative determination of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) under
certain conditions of humidity, coated piezoelectric crystals are effective in
the range of 2 ppm to 15 ppm UDMH. Acrylonitrile-butadiene and styrene-butadiene
are effective coatings, permitting also the quantitative monitoring of water
vapor. [Abstr. in: Govt. Reports Announcements T^L (16): 59 (Aug. 9, 1974)]
-145-
-------
3-0040
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
(Production)
Anon
ANILINE SUPPLY TIGHT, EXPANSION UNCERTAIN
Chem. Eng, News ,5_2 (36): 7-8 (Sept. 9, 1974)
Increasing demand for aniline, now in short supply, stems primarily from rapid
growth of isocyanates during past five years. In 1974, about 215 million Ibs
of aniline will be used to make MDI (4,4'-methylene-diphenyl isocyanate and
polymeric isocyanate, both used to make rigid polyurethane foams. Isocyanates
and rubber chemicals combined take over 75% of total aniline production 40%
for isocyanates, 35% for rubber chemicals. The 270 million Ibs of aniline-
based isocyanates estimated to be produced in 1974 is a restricted amount be-
cause of lack of available aniline.
3-0041
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
(Production)
Anon
A NEW CANADIAN COMPANY IS BEING FORMED
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (37): 6 (Sept. 16, 1974)
Valley Chemicals, Ltd., will be set up by late 1977 at a yet unpicked site to
make the polyurethane intermediates, aniline and methylenediphenyl isocyanate.
Kenbudge Holdings, Ltd., Cornwall, Ontario, will spend $55 million on the plant
to achieve "world-scale capacity," under a technology license from Mitsui
Toatsu Chemicals, Japan.
-146-
-------
3-0042
ISOCYANATES (ORGANIC)
Bodner, A.H. et al
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION. AMERICAN STANDARD FIBERGLASS,
INC., STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
A NIOSH-conducted health hazard survey of American Standard Fiberglass, Stockton,
Calif., showed toxic concentrations of styrene and methylene bisphenyl iso-
cyanate to be present. Determination was based on environmental levels of the
two compounds, employee interviews, and current literature on styrene and
methylene bisphenyl isocyanate. [Abstr. in: Govt. Reports Announcements 74 (16:
47 (Aug. 9, 1974)]
3-0043
ISOCYANATES (ORGANIC)
Vandervort, R. and Shama, S.K.
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION. KING SEELEY THERMOS COMPANY,
MACOMB, ILLINOIS
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Final Rept. Apr.-June 1973 (Nov. 1973). NIOSH-TR-090-74, HHE-73-30-90
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a
health hazard survey to evaluate toluene diisocyanate (TDI) found in poly-
urethane foam materials used at King Seeley Thermos Company, Macomb, Illinois.
It was determined that exposure to toluene diisocyanate in this plant was po-
tentially toxic to sensitive employees. It was not positively established how
sensitive employees acquired their sensitivity to TDI. Although past exposures
to transient high levels of TDI due to spills of foam materials were considered
an important cause of sensitivity, sensitivity in some cases may have resulted
from chronic exposures to low levels of TDI. Recommendations were made to
management regarding medical monitoring programs, engineering control, employee
protective equipment, and work practices. [Abstr. in: Govt. Reports Announcements
74_ (16): 43 (Aug. 9, 1974)]
-147-
-------
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
SEE: 3-0002, Aerylonitrlie
3-0047, Moca
SEE ALSO: 3-0054, Polyurethanes
3-0055, Polyurethanes
3-0056, Polyurethanes
-148-
-------
3-0044
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
CONVERSION TO COAL-DERIVED LOW-B.t.u. GAS FROM OIL OR NATURAL GAS
Chem. Eng. News 52. (36): 12 (Sept. 9, 1974)
Under contract to EPA, Battelle, Columbus, reports that U.S. industry could
convert from oil or natural gas to coal-derived low-B.t.u. gas, but not with-
out difficulty. Ash disposal, coal dust control, removal of potential atmos-
pheric emissions are factors for environmental consideration. To handle the
greater volumes of gas required, companies would have the added job of producing
energy and would have to modify manufacturing operations to a great extent.
3-0045
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
OL' KING COAL IS BACK, AS PART OF THE HPI
Hydrocarbon process. .52 (8): 13, 15 (1974)
A brief review of new processing developments in coal gasification. Includes:
Institute of Gas Technology's U-GAS process; FMC's pilot unit, Princeton, N.J.;
and International Systems and Controls work, under EPA contract, on a new coal
combustion process aimed at providing low-grade, high-sulfur coals that will
still permit power plants to meet EPA anti-pollution standards.
-149-
-------
3-0046
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Burke, Donald P.
THEY'RE MAKING A SOLID EFFORT TO GET CLEAN COAL LIQUIDS
Chem. Wk. 115 (11): 38-43 (Sept. 11, 1974)
Office of Coal Research's emphasis on liquefaction of coal seen in planned
and existing contracts with Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., Fluor Corp.,
Stanford Research Institute, Bechtel et al. Review of various processes
that are under study.
-150-
-------
3-0047
HOC A
Anon
KRYPTONICS PLANT
Rubber Age 106 (9): 91 (1974)
Kryptonics, Inc., Boulder, Colo., has spent over $500,000 to meet OSHA regula-
tions for the production of MOCA and toluene diisocyanate (identified carcino-
gens) in its new 16,000-square-foot plant.
3-0048
MOCA
(Production)
Anon
VULCANIZING AGENTS
Rubber Age 106 (9): 12 (1974)
DuPont announces a price increase for its rubber processing agent, MOCA, from
$1.59 to $1.71 a pound.
-151-
-------
3-0049
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Conley, Walt and Tipton, Alan R.
PART I. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR A TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM PERTURBED WITH SEWAGE
EFFLUENT, WITH SPECIAL.REFERENCE TO THE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY WATER
QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROJECT. PART II. A PERSONALIZED BIBLIOGRAPHIC RETRIEVAL
PACKAGE FOR RESOURCE SCIENTISTS
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife. Project
completion rept., 1 Apr. 1972-1 Jul. 1973 (Nov. 1973). W74-07606, OWRR-A-063-
MICH (1). Contract DI-14-31-0001-3822. (PB-232 002/6GA).
The report is provided in two distinct but interconnected parts. Part I con-
tains discussions of management and design problems,, components of terrestrial
ecosystems, and specific site descriptions, all as they partain to the sewage
effluent spray program of the Michigan State University Water Quality Manage-
ment Project. Part II began as an effort to compile a bibliographic reference
file for the above project. This portion grew into the construction of rele-
vant software, and was built around a 2500 citation bibliography. The biblio-
graphy is specifically oriented towards sewage effluent treatments, and is cur-
rently operative and available for interested researchers. A second biblio-
graphy is also described in this section. [Abstr. in: Govt. Reports Announce-
ments _74. (14): 31 (July 12, 1974)]
3-0050
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Fulkerson, W. et al
ECOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF TRACE CONTAMINANTS
Oak Ridge National Lab. PR, Jan. 1973-Sept. 1973 (Jan. 1974)
Contract W-7405-eng-26. ORNL-NSF-EATC-4
This is the second progress report of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ecology
and Analysis of Trace Contaminants Project sponsored by the Environmental As-
pects of Trace Contaminants Program of NSF/RANN. The objective of the work is
to develop techniques and information that will be useful in assessing the
environmental impact of toxic trace substances and in reducing discharges of
these materials. The work is not specific to any one trace contaminant, but
mush of the effort to date has been focused on toxic elements. The research
involves five areas: development of a Unified Transport Model for trace con-
taminants; ecological research to characterize the translocation and accumula-
tion of trace elements in the environment; measurements research to improve
analytical efficiency and capability; development of aqueous abatement tech-
nology; and information flow and management. [Abstr. in: Govt. Reports Announce-
ments 74. (16): 40 (Aug. 9, 1974); NSA 29_ (12): 3079 (#31635)]
-152-
-------
*3-0051
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
McDonald, T. et al
ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF INTRAVENOUS SODIUM FLUORESCEIN IN
MICE, RATS AND DOGS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Sodium fluorescein, used intravenously for angiogram testing, was"evaluated
for its acute and subacute toxicity. Its iv LD50 in mice, rats, and dogs was
approximately 1000 mg/kg. Most test results were considered normal, but treat-
ment-related incidences of salivation and emesis were noted for 500 and 100 mg/kg.
There were three mortalities at 400 mg/kg. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. and Appl. Pharm.
29_ (1): 97-8 (July 1974)]
*3-0052
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Gillberg, B.O.
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (LETTER)
Science 185 (4155): 901 (13 Sept. 1974)
Responding to comments about him and his activities in Sweden as an
environmentalist and scientist, the writer states that although he reported
in 1971 that he had induced mutations in yeast from original samples of
optical brighteners obtained from detergent manufacturers, he later reported
that he could not obtain the same effects with other samples. He cites two
references claiming that brighteners have caused allergies, and stresses
the need to continue genetic studies with optical brighteners because of
his one-time results.
-153-
-------
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
-154-
-------
*3-0053
PHTHALATES
Lawrence, W.H. et al
A TOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ACUTE, SUBCHRONIC, AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF
ADMINISTERING DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE (DEHP) AND OTHER PHTHALATE ESTERS
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Biological tests for acute, subchronic, and/or chronic toxicity of 12 phthalic
acid esters, some of which are used as plasticizers for biomedical devices,
showed their acute ip LD50 in mice ranged from 3.22 to more than 100 g/kg.
Chronic toxicity for most was 2-4 times higher than acute toxicity, but di-n-
octyl phthalate (DOP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEKP) were 22 and 28 times
more toxic chronically, respectively. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
29 (1): 87-8 (July 1974); paper in: Environ. Res. £ (D: 1-H (Feb. 1975)]
PHTHALATES
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
-155-
-------
3-0054
POLYURETHANES
(Manufacturing)
Anon
URETHANE FOAM PROCESS GIVES BETTER PRODUCT
Chem, Eng. News 52_ (36): 14-15 (Sept. 9, 1974)
Rubicon Chemicals, Inc., has licensed the Foamex process for making flexible
urethane foam to three U.S. companies (one started up last January, other almost
ready to go); expects 30-50 new U.S. plants to be built in next five years. The
Foamex process merely changes way of foaming and handling the material, not the
chemistry. Among advantages cited for process: reduction in loss of carbon
dioxide and/or fluorohydrocarbon, enabling maintenance of foam density with either
less TDI or less fluorohydrocarbon.
3-0055
POLYURETHANES
Robson, John H. and Hyre, John E.
BASIC CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF URETHANES
Rubber Age 106 (9): 47 (1974)
The chemistry of polyurethanes (reactions, polyols and isocyanates, catalysts,
surfactants, and blowing agents) and their technology and applications
(rigid foams, semi-flex foams, flex foams, and elastomers - coatings and
thermoplastics) will be the subject of an afternoon session of the A.C.S.
Rubber Division meeting to be held in Philadelphia, Pa., on Oct. 15-18, 1974.
-156-
-------
3-0056
POLYURETHANES
Voorhees, K.J. et al
PYROLYSIS OF A FLEXIBLE URETHANE FOAM
Paper to be presented at A.C.S. Rubber Division 106th Meeting, Philadelphia,
Pa., Oct. 15-18, 1974
Analysis of the products from the pyrolysis at different temperatures of a
commercial flexible urethane foam via a computerized gas chromatograph-mass spec-
tral system showed that volatile materials produced equalled 30% of the total
sample weight. Compound structures will be discussed. The residue from pyroly-
sis was deep yellow (oil or crystals), high in nitrogen, with traces of tolylene
diisocyanate and other chemicals. Mechanism for degradation is postulated.
[Abstr. in: Rubber Age 106 (9): 49 (1974)]
POLYURETHANES
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
3-0025, Flame Retardants
3-0040, Isocyanates(Organic)
3-0041, Isocyanates(Organic)
3-0043, Isocyanates
3-0047, Moca
-157-
-------
3-0057
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Stewart, R.D. et al '
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGIC STANDARDS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER EXPOSED TO TRICHLORO-
ETHYLENE
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Male subjects were exposed for varying lengths of time, 5 days/week in a con-
trolled environment chamber at weekly average steady exposure concentrations
of 20, 100 (steady and fluctuating), and 200 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE).
Females were exposed to a 100 ppm steady average concentration for 1 week. No
deleterious effects on health related to lungs and heart were noted. Electro-
encephalographic and visual evoked response studies, however, showed some mild
changes, which could indicate the start of some harmful changes in central ner-
vous system functioning. Urine analyses, made for trichloroethanol and tri-
chloroacetic acid, indicate that such a technique has limited value as a bio-
logical standard for the worker exposed to TCE. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. ^9 (1): 82-3 (July 1974)]
3-0058
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Stewart, R.D. et al
USE OF BREATH ANALYSIS TO MONITOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURES
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Highly reproducible results in a series of trichloroethylene (TCE) breath de-
cay curves, coupled with the narrow range of TCE in the breath at a specific
time shortly after exposure, argue for the use of breath analysis for rapidly
estimating the magnitude of recent TCE exposure. The method is also useful
for estimating time-weighted-average vapor exposure the day after exposure.
[Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): 83 (July 1974)]
-158-
-------
3-0059
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Stewart, R.D. et al
"DEGREASERS' FLUSH": DERMAL RESPONSE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND ETHANOL
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
-------
3-0060
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE SEA
Nature 250 (5468): 622 (Aug. 23, 1974)
Over 200 substances considered significant pollutants of water in the United
Kingdom were identified at a discussion meeting of the Royal Society on July 4-5,
1974. The chemical stability, susceptibility to degradation, and the routes and
terminal situations of their passage are factors determining the sea persistence
of organic pollutants. For example, CCl^ has a half life of a few hours, while
EDC tars deriving from vinyl chloride have half lives of days or weeks. Aromatic
compounds of high carbon number may persist for years.
3-0061
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
COMMENTARY
Aerosol Age 19 (8): 7 (1974)
FDA is talking about "zero tolerance" for 2-Mercaptoimidazoline (NA-22, a
tradename, or 2-M or 2-Mercapto). A neoprene accelerator used in the preparation
of flowed-in valve gaskets and cut-rubber gaskets (items used by biological,
cosmetic and medical product manufacturers), 2-M under certain aqueous conditions
can be converted to ethylenethiourea, a known carcinogen. Apparently, 2-M itself
is not a carcinogen, but it may migrate from gaskets and rearrange into ethylene-
thiourea. Another concern centers on the use of 2-M in aerosol cans. If ex-
tracted from the neoprene gasket into the dispensed product, what is the degree
of human risk from inhalation or dermal exposure to 2-M or its by-products from
the dispensed product-
Current studies indicate that there is no vinyl chloride involved with 2-M.
Only minute quantities of ethylenethiourea have been extracted and only in water.
-160-
-------
3-0062
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PVC CANCER DEATHS
Rubber Age 106 (9): 78 (1974)
The Connecticut Health Department has reported the deaths of two workers in
polyvinyl chloride fabricating companies. Cause of death was liver angiosar-
coma. Previously reported cases of angiosarcoma have been traced to vinyl
chloride gas exposure in VC manufacturing plants or in polymerization plants.
3-0063
VINYL CHLORIDE
Hagstrom, A. and Normark, S.
TOXIC EFFECTS AND ACTION OF CHLORINATED BY-PRODUCTS FROM VINYL CHLORIDE
PRODUCTION ON ESCHERICHIA COLI K 12
Ambio 3 (2): 77-9 (1974)
EDC-tar, a by-product from the manufacture of VC plastics, contains ethanedi-
chloride. In 1970, EDC-tar, dumped off the Norwegian coast, caused fish kills.
This study reports on the toxicity of EDC-tar on the gram-negative bacterium
E. ooli by EDC-tar is associated with a decreased stability of the cytoplasmic
membrane.
-161-
-------
3-0064
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PUTTING VCM EMISSIONS ON SKIDS
Chem. Wk. 115 (12): 66, 71 (Sept. 18, 1974)
With OSHA's final standards for workers' exposure to vinyl chloride scheduled
for October, industry is striving for alternative methods of reducing plant
emissions, claiming the loss of up to 2.2 million jobs if the "no detectable
limit (actually, 1 ppm) enforced. The four polymerization production processes
are reviewed briefly. Vinyl producers are investing in new monitoring
devices and improving housekeeping procedures.
The 24 reported cases of angiosarcoma include one worker in a Swedish monomer
plant, 20 in PVC plants, two in compounding and fabricating operations, and
one in a W. German aerosol pesticide container-filling operation that used
VCM as a propellant. Apparently, there is no available substitute material
for many of PVC's applications.
3-0065
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
ALL AEROSOLS WITH VINYL CHLORIDE COULD BE BANNED
Chem. Eng. .81 (18): 23 (Sept. 2, 1974) .
The U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission recommends the banning of all
aerosols that contain vinyl chloride, which has produced liver cancer in various
animals at concentrations as low as 50 ppm. According to the CPSC, a typical
aerosol product, sprayed for 30 seconds in a small bathroom, could generate
250 ppm of VC.
-162-
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
SEE: 3-0002, Acrylonitrile
3-0026, Fluorocarbons
-163-
-------
3-0066
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
DUMPING THREAT PROBED
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 14-15 (Sept. 4, 1974)
Following a reported high incidence of cancer deaths in the area near Galaxy
Chemicals' solvent-reprocessing plant in Little Elk, Md., Maryland banned chemi-
cal waste dumping by the plant. A federal-state task force is investigating
the possibility that a high death rate in the area is traceable to the dumping.
Galaxy admits using illegally a nearby quarry as a dumping site.
3-0067
GENERAL INFORMATION
Morris, R.J. and Culkin, F.
LIPID CHEMISTRY OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SURFACE LAYERS
Nature ^50 (5468): 640-2 (Aug. 23, 1974)
In addition to the natural lipid material found in organic surface films in most
of the world's major ocean, there are in the films smaller, variable amounts of
petroleum hydrocarbons. Sampling of the films in the eastern Mediterranean showed
high levels of non-natural product hydrocarbons in the lipids of zooplankton
species. Although the near-surface plankton can tolerate high levels of pollu-
tant hydrocarbons in their lipids with no adverse effects, they represent a stage
at which such compounds can be introduced into the marine food web. Undoubtedly,
increasing oil tanker traffic in the Mediterranean will accentuate this situation.
-164-
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3-0068
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
INTERNATIONAL DYESTUFFS ASSOCIATION FORMED
Chem. Ind. (No. 15): 582 (Aug. 3, 1974)
A new international association, the Ecological and lexicological Association
of the Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industry (ETAD), founded on 21 June 1974, will
have permanent headquarters in Basle, Switzerland. With German, British, and
Japanese firms numbered among its charter members, ETAD will aim at coordinat-
ing and unifying the efforts of manufacturers to lessen the ecological impact
of their products, during manufacture and in use.
3-0069
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Packman, S.C. and Petajan, J.H.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO SMOKE AND COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Paper to be presented at the A.C.S. Rubber Division 106th Meeting to be
held in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 15-18, 1974
More fire deaths may be due to smoke inhalation than to flames. The increasing
use of plastics argues for the need for useful data on the potential hazards
of combustion products from plastics. Described here is an animal model for.
determining the physiological and behavioral changes resulting from smoke
exposure. [Abstr. in: Rubber Age 106 (9), 48 (1974)]
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3-0070
GENERAL INFORMATION
WHO
HEALTH HAZARDS OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1972. $11
This publication presents concise, readily-locatable, and documented information
Its 4 parts cover the community environment, chemical contamination and physical
hazards, a proposed world system of environmental surveillance and monitoring,
and a discussion of environmental health hazards from the viewpoint of public
health operations and the principles of intervention and control procedures.
[Review in: Chem. Ind. (No. 15): 614 (Aug. 3, 1974)]
3-0071
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gillette, Robert '
PLUTONIUM (I) : QUESTIONS OF HEALTH IN A NEW/INDUSTRY
Science J.85 (4156): 1027-32 (Sept. 20, 1974)
A case history of exposure by inhalation to plutonium and other instances of
exposure and overexposure in weapons work and in private facilities reclaiming
and recycling plutonium raises the question of long-term occupational health
effects of this very toxic element, which tends to burn spontaneously and is
a potent carcinogen in animals. To date, no cancer has been detected in
humans exposed to plutonium during World War II, but over 200 have accumulated
a "body burden" beyond the radiological safety level for this metal.
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3-0072
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
TOUGH CURBS PLANNED ON HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SPILLS
Chem. Wk. 115 (10): 28 (Sept. 4, 1974)
EPA announced a preliminary list of (300) hazardous materials and the criteria
that will govern the designation of a material as hazardous. By mid-1975, EPA
expects to have ready a finalized list of hazardous materials, a specification
for each material when spilled, and a schedule of penalties for materials that
cannot be removed after a spill.
About 3,000 off-site spills of hazardous materials/yr with perhaps 7,000 more
occurring at plants was the estimate of EPA's P.B. Lederman, who also stated
that an estimated 2 billion tons of hazardous materials transported now by all
carriers in the U.S. could double by the end of the decade.
3-0073
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
COMMODITY SUPPLIES PROBED BY SENATE
Chem. Eng. News _5j2 (36): 5 (Sept. 9, 1974)
The Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations polled 500 companies re
the supply situation for 63 commodities. Among the major causes of materials
shortages (in petrochemicals, plastics, paper, chemicals, steel and steel
products) is cited the "inflexibility" of environmental regulations. Many
companies have curtailed production and even shut down rather than invest in
costly antipollution equipment.
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3-0074
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON WATER QUALITY
Chem. Eng. News 52. (36): 6 (Sept. 9, 1974)
What will be the impact of the 1972 federal Water Pollution Control Act on
such industries as organic chemicals, textiles, plastics and synthetics, iron
and steel, and petroleum refining? The National Commission on Water Quality
hopes to find out on completion of 18 contracts awarded at a total price of
$2.6 million.
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
SEE: 3-0004, Acrylonitrile
3-0009, Arsenic
3-0010, Arsenic
*3-0014, Asbestos
*3-0015, Asbestos
*3-0016, Asbestos
3-0024, Flame Retardants
-168-
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4-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
AN ACRYLONITRILE PLANT IS BEING BUILT ON TAIWAN
Chem. Eng. News 52. (38): 8 (Sept. 23, 1974)
China Petrochemical Development Corp., Taiwan will have a new acrylonitrile
plant on stream by 1977, near a 145 million Ib/yr acrylonitrile plant scheduled
for completion in 1975 at Kaohsiung. Process technology is licensed from
Standard Oil (Ohio).
4-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
(Production)
Anon
MONSANTO IS EXPANDING ITS CAPACITY IN THE U.K.
Chem. Eng. News 52 (38): 8 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Monsanto will almost triple its capacity for acrylonitrile in Teesside in the
United Kingdom to meet planned capacity expansion for fibers and raw materials
for plastics. Acrylonitrile capacity should top 660 million pounds/year by
1977.
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4-0003
ACRYLONITRILE
(Uses and Production)
Anon
DU PONT SAYS IT WAS NOT THE SUBSTANTIAL DELAY
Mod. Packag. £7_ (9): 118 (1974)
Monsanto's decision to stop marketing and producing Vicobar, a nitrile-type
barrier resin was prompted by the desire to push products with "greater
earning potential" and not by the long delay in obtaining FDA clearance for
the resin. Monsanto planned to promote Vicobar for carbonated-beverage
bottles; may yet reverse decision on Vicobar.
-170-
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4-0004
ARSENIC
Anon
A NO-DETECTABLE LEVEL EMERGENCY STANDARD FOR WORKER EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC
Chem. Eng. News 5_2_ (39): 6 (Sept. 30, 1974)
The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union and the AFL-CIO have
asked OSHA to set a non-detectable level emergency standard for exposure of
workers to arsenic. OCAW claims that oil and chemical industries have refused
to provide a generic list of their industrial chemicals, making it impossible
to get a count on the number of workers exposed to inorganic arsenic.
4-0005
ARSENIC
Klaassen, Curtis D.
BILIARY EXCRETION OF ARSENIC IN RATS, RABBITS, AND DOGS
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (3): 447-57 (Sept. 1974)
Rats were given from 0.01 to 4.6 mg/kg of arsenic trichloride intravenously
to measure the disappearance of '^AS from blood and plasma and its excretion
into bile. Arsenic concentration in the blood did not decrease during the
2-hour measurement, but increased, after a transient decrease. At higher
doses, arsenic concentration in plasma decreased gradually. Rate of excretion
of arsenic into the bile was rapid and highest during the first 15 minutes;
it then rapidly decreased. About 25% of each arsenic dose was excreted into
the bile within the 2-hour period, but less than 10% was excreted into the
feces within 1 week. Slower excretion into the bile occurs in rabbits and
dogs. The rat studies indicate an active transport mechanism for biliary
excretion, but the importance of this route of elimination depends on the
species studied.
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4-0006
ARSENIC
State of Florida
RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLLUTION CONTROL. CHAPTER 17-3. POLLUTION OF WATERS
Department of Pollution Control, 2562 Executive Center Circle East, Montgomery
Building, Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Water quality standards set as the criteria for pollution include: arsenic
shall not exceed 0.05 mg/1.
4-0007
ARSENIC
State of West Virginia
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS OF THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA FOR WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ON INTER- AND INTRASTATE STREAMS 1974
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, Charleston,
West Virginia 25305
An arsenic limit not to exceed 0.01 mg/1 concentration is specified for the
various water uses and water quality criteria set forth in the requirements
governing the discharge of sewage, industrial wastes and other wastes into the
waters of the state.
-172-
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4-0008
ARSENIC
State of Ohio
OHIO REGULATION EP-1, WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Ohio EPA, 361 East Broad St., P.O. Box 1049, Columbus, Ohio 43215
According to the Water Quality Standards, effective 27 July 1973, the general
standards of the state for arsenic was a maximum allowable concentration of 50 ug/1.
Under the stream-water quality criteria, for public water supply arsenic should
not exceed a concentration of 0.05 mg/1.
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*ARYL PHOSPHATES
See also: 4-0015 (Flame Retardants)
-174-
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*4-0009
ASBESTOS
Anon
CHEMICALS AND CANCER: SPOTTING THE LINK BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE
Chem. Wk. 115 (14): 29 (Oct. 2, 1974)
At an international conference on occupational cancer, Bologna, Italy, in September,
C. Annoscia (Bologna Institute of Oncology) presented the first "sharp" experi-
mental evidence of peritoneal carcinoma from asbestos 66% of rats treated
with high doses (25mg) of crocidolite asbestos died of the rare abdominal tumor.
Also discussed were cancers from vinyl chloride, and from other chemicals, in-
cluding aromatic amines, benzene and chrome compounds. An example of the last
class, orange molybdenum was tested on rats. Thirty-six of 40 rats exposed to
20-mg aqueous solutions of this chrome compound died during a 15-89 week period.
Maltoni supports the value of predictive testing on animals and urges that new
materials be tested for carcinogenicity before release into the human environment.
*4-0010
ASBESTOS
Anon
EMPLOYEES TRYING TO KEEP ASBESTOS MINE OPERATING
Chem. Eng. .81 (18): 23 (Sept. 2, 1974)
Following GAF's announcement that it will close its Lowell, Vermont, asbestos
mine rather than spend about $1 million for required air-pollution control
equipment, the mine employees want to raise $2 million to buy the facilities
from GAP. If they do, EPA will extend its deadline for installing the control
equipment. According to GAF, the mine can be operated for only about 5 more
years. About 200 of Lowell's 515 inhabitants work at the mine.
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*4-0011
ASBESTOS
Anon
ASBESTOS UNDER FIRE
Chem. Wk. 115 (14): 15 (Oct. 2, 1974)
On the basis of a recently completed study Indicating that the families of asbestos
workers had developed mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other asbestos-
caused diseases, labor leaders want tougher asbestos exposure standards. They
want OSHA to reduce the current 8-hour, time weighted average to a maximum of
two fibers from the current five-fiber level; some want a no-detectable level.
The Mount Sinai Medical Center team that studied the health histories of asbestos
workers' families plans to study the families of asbestos insulation workers.
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4-0012
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Farber, T.M. and Baker, A.
MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCTION BY HEXABROMOBIPHENYL
Abstracts of Papers for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Washington, D.C., March 10-14, 1974
Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) was fed to rats for 30 days in diets containing from 0 to
500 ppm HBB. In a comparison study, rats were fed Arochlor 1254 (PCB) at the level
of 5 ppm. Effects on liver weights, liver-to-body weight ratios, microsomal
protein, and cytochrome P-450 were measured. At 5 ppm, HBB was apparently the
more potent microsomal inducer. [Abstr. in: Toxicol. Appl. Phannacol. 29 (1):
102 (July 1974)3
-177-
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4-0013
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
WOOL FLAMEPROOFED IN DYEING PROCESS
Chem. Eng. News 52 (38): 49 (Sept. 23. 1974)
Western Regional Research Center, USDA, is using tetrabromophthalic anhydride,
or similar compounds, in developing a flameproofing treatment for fabrics.
Apparently, useful for wool, wool blends, and nylons, the treatment can be
applied during the regular dyeing process, during which most of the flame
retardant is absorbed by the fabric. Absorption of the anhydride at 6-12% of
fabric weight provides satisfactory flame resistance at a cost of about lOc/garment,
4-0014
FLAME RETARDANTS
(Production)
Anon
A BROMINE PLANT IS PLANNED BY GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL
Chem. Eng. News 52. (38): 8 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Great Lakes Chemical's new bromine plant near El Dorado, Arkansas, should be on
stream by early 1976. Great Lakes will also add several new units to its El Dorado
plant for the manufacture of brominated flame retardants; expects them to be ready
by or before late 1976. Total costs: $16 to $20 million.
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4-0015
FLAME RETARDANTS
(Production)
Anon
THE UPSIDE-DOWN WORLD OF CHEMICALS AND ADDITIVES
Mod. Plast. M, (9): 57-73 (1974)
This review of supply and demand, technological developments, and consumption
includes flame retardants. Phosphate esters are 15-25% oversubscribed, with
only FMC planning to increase capacity next year via new Nitro, W. Va. plant
with 28,000-ton/yr capacity, but the synthetic triaryl phosphate esters pro-
duced will be sold for lubricants and hydraulic fluids as well as for flame
retardants.
Some increased production of chlorine-bromine products, brominated aromatics
(not biphenyls) noted. Antimony trioxide is still in short supply, but alumina
trihydrate is plentiful. Ammonium fluoborate is under test by Harshaw as a new
flame retardant. Other products are discussed briefly and a table shows the
amounts of flame retardants used in plastics for 1973 and 1974.
Other areas discussed are heat stabilizers, antistats, and UV stabilizers in
relation to PVC and other plastics.
4-0016
FLAME RETARDANTS
Wood, A. Stuart
GETTING SET FOR FIRE-SAFE TV CABINETS
Mod. Plast. 51 (9): 74-7 (1974)
Although high-impact polystyrene is available in good supply for IV cabinets,
insufficient supplies of entimony oxide to impart fire resistance may cause
manufacturers to shift to other materials, including rigid polyurethane foam,
previously considered uneconomical.
-179-
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4-0017
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
GOV'T FINANCING SPURS COTTON/PE FR RESEARCH
Amer. Dyest. Rep. £3_ (9): 64, 66 (1974)
Department of textiles, Clemson University, received a $475,000 government grant
for research on a flame retardant chemical treatment for cotton-polyester. Fires
associated with flammable fabrics cause about 300,000 injuries/yr; 3000-5000
deaths in past year from same cause.
-180-
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4-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Dilley, James V. et al,
FLUORIDE ION EXCRETION BY MALE RATS AFTER INHALATION OF ONE OF SEVERAL FLUORO-
ETHYLENES OR HEXAFLUOROPROPENE
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Z7 (3): 582-90 (1974)
Rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 2200 to 3500 ppm of various
fluoroethylenes (tetra- and trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride,
vinyl fluoride, hexafluoroethane) and hexafluoropropene for 30 minutes.
Results included an increase in urinary fluoride ion and in creatinine.
Except for those exposed to vinylidene fluoride, rats experienced a
significant increase in urine excretion, with the highest excretion
attributed to hexafluoropropene. This diuresis persisted for two weeks.
A marked glucosuria was noted in hexafluoroprene-treated rats. The only
unusual gross pathological change was attributed to hexafluoropropene,
which caused a definite necrosis of the proximal renal tubules. The
increased urinary excretion of fluoride ion indicates that the simple
fluoroalkenes are biodegradable.
4-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Cicerone, Ralph J. et al
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DESTRUCTION BY MAN-MADE CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES
Science 185 (4157): 1165-7 (Sept. 27, 1974)
The release of chlorine in the stratosphere from the breakdown of man-made
chlorofluoromethanes will have a significant effect on future ozone concentrations
in the stratosphere. Calculations presented indicate that continued use of
chlorofluoromethanes at current levels can promote chlorine-catalyzed ozone
destruction rates exceeding all natural sinks of ozone in the stratosphere by
the early 1980's. Even if emissions were curtailed now, ozone destruction
would reach a maximum by 1990 and the effects would continue for several decades.
-181-
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4-0020
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS THREATEN OZONE LAYER
Chem. Eng, News 52_ (38): 27-30 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Scientists in the U.S. and England have been studying chlorofluorocarbons and
their potential effect on the earth's protective ozone layer. Reports presented
at the recent 168th ACS National Meeting are reviewed briefly.
4-0021
FLUOROCARBONS
Plant, Albert F.
ANOTHER DISASTER THREATENS (Editorial)
Chem. Eng. News j>2_ (39): 2 (Sept. 30, 1974)
Referring to the reported loss of ozone in the upper stratosphere from the use
of chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellants, the author cautions that most of the
work is theoretical but urges prompt investigation because of the potential
dangers.
-182-
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4-0022
HALOETHERS
Cousins, Michael J. et al
THE ETIOLOGY OF METHOXYFLURANE NEPHROTOXICITY
J. Pharmacol. and Exptl. Therapeutics 190 (3): 530-41 (Sept. 1974)
Administration of the anesthetic, methoxyflurane (2,2-dichloro-l,l-difluoroethyl
methyl ether) has caused nephrotoxicity in animals and humans. This study indicates,
however, that the metabolite, inorganic fluoride, may be the cause of nephrotoxicity.
Molecular, or unmetabolized methoxyflurane in itself does not appear to be nephrotoxic.
4-0023
HALOETHERS
Anon
A RAPID ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR MONITORING BIS-CHLOROMETHYL ETHER
Chem. Eng. News 52 (38): 23 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Dow Chemical will license a rapid analytical monitoring technique for 'bis(chloro-
methyl) ether and chloromethyl methyl ether, which permits detection below 1 ppb
in air of these OSHA-labelled carcinogens. The method is faster and cheaper than
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.
-183-
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4-0024
HALOETHERS
Bastron, Robert D. and Kaloyanides, G.J.
EFFECT OF METHOXYFLURANE ON PAH UPTAKE BY RABBIT KIDNEY SLICES
Amer. J. Physiol. 227 (2): 460-4 (Aug. 1974)
This in vitro study showed that methoxyflurane (MOF) can cause significant altera-
tion in PAH, electrolyte, and water transport of renal cortical slices and that
these effects cannot be correlated with inorganic F~ concentration of the incu-
bation medium.
They do not infer any relationship between the effects of high concentrations
of MOF on transport activity in this in vitro system and the clinical appearance
of MOF nephrotoxicity in man, but their findings re PAH transport may relate to
the observation that clinical anesthesia decreases renal blood flow in man as
assessed by the clearance of PAH.
4-0025
HALOETHERS
Mazze, Richard I. et al
EFFECT OF ENZYME INDUCTION WITH PHENOBARBITAL ON THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
DEFLUORINATION OF ISOFLURANE AND METHOXYFLURANE
J. Pharmacol. and Exptl. Therapeutics 190 (3): 523-9 (Sept. 1974)
This study on rats confirms both the in vivo metabolism of isoflurane and
methoxyflurane to inorganic and organic fluorides and the in vitro defluorination
of isoflurane by hepatic microsomal enzymes occurs in a system in which reduced
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and oxygen were present. One
unexplained result of the study was the excessive urine flow experienced by
phenobarbital-methoxyflurane-treated rats.
-184-
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4-0026
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Burns James E. et al
HEXACHLOROBENZENE EXPOSURE FROM CONTAMINATED DCPA IN VEGETABLE SPRAYMEN
Arch. Environ. Health J29 (4): 192-4 (Oct. 1974)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), traced as a contaminant in a herbicide [dimethyl 1-2,
3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthate (DCPA)], was detected in the blood residues of
19 out of 20 spraymen, who had used DCPA. HCB residues, in the blood ranged
from a trace to 310 ppb, with a mean of 40 ± 63 ppb. Physical examinations,
however, showed no cutaneous porphyria nor any abnormalities of uroporphyrins
or coprophyrins. There was also no correlation between HCB levels and serum
enzymes. A significant (P<0.05) correlation between HCB levels and delta-
aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was questioned because of the site of action of HCB
in the biosynthesis of heme.
-185-
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4-0027
ISOCYANATES(Organic)
Wegman, David H. et al
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATION IN TDI[toluene diisocyanate] WORKERS
J. Occup. Med. J.6 (4): 258-60 (1974)
Over 100 workers showed a significant decline In forced expiratory volume in 1
second, proportional to the level of exposure, after inhaling 0.002 to 0.013 ppm
of toluene diisocyanate during an 8-hour work shift.
-186-
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4-0028
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
PROCESS OF GRINDING AND REFINING COAL LOOKS BETTER THAN EVER
Coal Age _7_i (8) : 130 (1974)
The Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) process for converting coal to a liquid or a brittle
solid is discussed by the Office of Coal Research in a report that covers the effect
of location and environmental regulations to be met by an operating SRC plant.
Favored by some at OCR, further investigation of SRC will be conducted in a new
plant near Tacoma, Wash.
4-0029
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
UOP SET TO SCALE UP OIL-FROM-COAL PROCESS
Chem. Eng. News .52 (38): 7 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Universal Oil Products has completed two years of bench and pilot testing of its
process for converting high-sulfur coal to synthetic crude oil. The yield is
more than four barrels of synthetic crude oil/ton of coal. Other advantages:
usable by-products; synthetic crude with less than 0.15% sulfur.
-187-
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4-0030
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
PLANS ARE UNDER WAY FOR A COAL LIQUEFACTION DEMONSTRATION PLANT
Chem. Wk. 115 (14): 9 (Oct. 2, 1974)
Coalcon Co., owned jointly by Union Carbide and Chemical Construction, having
received financial support from industry (chemical, petroleum, and metals
companies, not identified) and from the Office of Coal Research, plans to
build a 28,00-ton/day plant for producing gaseous and liquid fuels from coal.
Conversion will be via hydrocarbonization, a dry, fluid-bed hydrogenation
process previously tested by Union Carbide in a 300-tons/day semiworks plant.
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
See also: 4-0036 (Vinyl Chloride)
-188-
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4-0031
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Murdoch, W.W. and C.P. Onuf
THE MEDITERRANEAN AS A SYSTEM. PART ILARGE ECOSYSTEMS
Intern. J. Environ. Studies _5 (4): 275-84 (1974)
Concluding that, despite some severe coastal pollution in certain areas, the
Mediterranean ecosystems are in no real danger, the authors view the Mediterranean
as two separate ecosystems ~ large, described in this part; and small, described
in Part 2 .of their paper.
In the large ecosystem, temperature varies from west to east, salinity varies
from intermediate to high, and there are differences in nutrients and in bio-
logical productivity, and variations in the phytoplankton communities.
4-0032
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Onuf, C.P. and W.W. Murdoch
THE MEDITERRANEAN AS A SYSTEM. PART II SMALL ECOSYSTEMS
Intern. J. Environ. Studies £ (1): 29-34 (1974)
This discussion of the small ecosystems of the Mediterranean covers the coastal
zone, the crucial area of land-sea interractions. Pollution and its various
effects are reviewed and it is contended that organic wastes, if concentrated
into a few widely spaced zones, can become resources for producing productive
fisheries in the assigned zones, freeing the rest of the Mediterranean coast
for tourism.
-189-
-------
*4-0033
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Anon
NEW CHEMICALS: SANDOZ
Amer. Dyest. Rep. £3 (9): 99-100 (1974)
Among new products from Sandoz Colors and Chemicals; a new fluorescent whitening
agent for polyester, Leucophor EHT; and Leucophor BCR Liquid, a fluorescent
whitening agent for cellulose and the cellulose component in blends.
-190-
-------
POLYURETHANES
See: 4-0016 (Flame Retardants)
-191-
-------
4-0034
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Messite, Jacqueline
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
J. Occup. Med. _16 (3), 194-7 (1974)
From a review of the literature (10 references dated 1955 to 1973) on the
physiological effects of trichloroethylene exposure, it is concluded that
additional controlled studies are needed to provide the necessary environmental
data on which to base a reliable recommended standard for trichloroethylene.
-192-
-------
4-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
Monson, Richard R. and Peters, John M.
PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY AMONG VINYL^CHLORIDE WORKERS
Lancet Vol. II for 1974 (7877): 397-8 (Aug. 17, 1974)
A 50% excess of deaths from cancer primarily cancer of the liver and
biliary tract, lung, and brain was found in this analysis of the deaths of
161 workers in two plants using vinyl chloride. No excess of deaths from cancer
occurred before 1965; since 1970, there have been twice as many deaths from
cancer as would be expected.
4-0036
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Manufacture)
Anon
ACETYLENE-FROM-COAL ECONOMICS IMPROVES
Chem. Eng. News _52 (38): 48 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Although the economics of the AVCO arc process for converting coal to acetylene
now seems more acceptable, compared with methane and naphtha oxidation and the
Wulff process, it may take until 1980 to prove that the process has a clear
economic advantage. Significant factors: by-product sales, proximity of
plants to consumers, and plant sizes of about 800 million Ibs/year.
-193-
-------
4-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE TO GET EMISSION STANDARD
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (38): 6-7 (Sept. 23, 1974)
EPA will develop an air pollution emission standard for vinyl chloride, probably
similar to that to be set by OSHA for worker exposure. Despite lack of any
scientific evidence of harm to people living near the plants, EPA's R.E. Train
believes that there is some hazard and people should be protected via regulatory
action.
Over 200 million Ib of VC and over 50 million lb of PVC are estimated to be
discharged into the environment each year during polymerization of PVC. The 15
VC and 37 PVC resin manufacturing plants in the U.S., responsible for 95% of
total VC emissions, would be affected by the air standard. Reduction of about
75% and 90% of VC emissions from PVC resin plants and from VC plants, respectively,
is possible using currently available technology.
4-0038
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SHOWDOWN ON VINYL PLANT RULE PRESAGES SHUTDOWNS
Chem. Wk. 115 (13): 15-6 (Sept. 25, 1974)
An economic impact report to OSHA by Foster D. Snell concludes that industry does
not have the technology to attain the no detectable level of VCM; higher costs,
fewer plants seen as one result. Possible EPA VCM plant emission standards for
plant emissions would add 4% to cost of PVC and preclude venting all in-plant
VCM leaks to atmosphere. U.S. companies may build plants abroad, depending on
in-plant and emission standards enforced in U.S. and other nations. Compromise
hinted at. Chart shows costs and effect on production for various maximum levels,
-194-
-------
4-0039
' VINYL CHLORIDE
Clark, Albert C. f /; ,--.,!.-/,..;
MISTAKEN REPRESENTATION ,,-.., , -,'''"'," '.'".'
Chem. Wk. 115 (13): 5 (Oct. 2, 1974) ' , -..:-.
' '.> I".-.!'. :' V '. :'l ' '-V- i'.O. .' !' ," j-. '-...".- '-" Jj'iii-i1-:. '..''=-.' -''"''Vv '';'.' '"- ' -' ' ''' '
The Manufactur,ing. Chemistsi ^Association: refutes;a;. statement-;,attributed..tOi.it ....
by "ChemicaX'!week" (,Sep,t..'l8, 'pi 66) in connection ..-with, the ..VGM^controversy, ...-..
denying that'MCA stated, that, ,'V.._"*;.. .the:-industry;has reconmended a maximum . .
emission limit ',of,..25 ..ppm..^ which would .be _reduced to 1Q ppm. ,in three .y.eara.,"-L'
. . . j ' . ,. t .; ' ' 1 ' . "i ~ . ' ' '- : *. *f.' ',- i ' - 'i -I '^J .J ..' - i.' '' l ' * ' '
4-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Polakoff, Phillip L. and Vandervort, Robert
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION. JOHN MORRELL COMPANY,
SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA. ' ,
John Morrell Company, Final Rept., Oct. 1972-Jan. 1973 (Oct. 1973).
NIOSH-TR-089-74, HHE-71-29-89
In response to a request received from a representative of employees, the
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted
a health hazard survey to evaluate exposure to thermal decomposition
products of polyvinyl chloride meat packaging film at John Morrell Company,
Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Based on medical evidence compiled during a limited
study of meat wrapping employees it was determined that air contaminants
generated by the thermal cutting of polyvinyl chloride packaging films in
conjunction with the wrapping of meat are potentially toxic to some meat
wrapping employees. Symptoms range from mild eye, nose and throat irrita-
tion to more serious respiratory problems for meat wrappers who have an
underlying predisposition to respiratory difficulties. Recommendations
have been suggested to management regarding preemployment examinations
and work practices.
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4-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
MORE POLYPROPYLENE
Mod. Packag. 47. (9): 118 (1974)
Hercules' new polypropylene (PP) plant in Bayport, Texas, which should be on
stream in 1974, will have a 400-million-pound/year capacity; the company will
also add a 32-million-pound/year PP plant to its facilities in Covington,
Va., and increase production of its oriented-PP bottles and jars to 100
million/year at Terre Haute, Indiana. Increased PP production should be a
boon to PVC bottlemakers who want to switch to PP, which is now in short
supply.
4-0042
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
LOOK FOR FDA'S PROPOSED REGULATIONS ON FREE VINYL CHLORIDE IN PVC SOON
Mod. Packag. 47 (9): 118 (1974)
FDA may permit 10 ppm of VC monomer as a contaminant in PVC. A maximum tolerance
of 50 ppb will be permitted for leakage of VC out of PVC packaging into foods,
drugs, and cosmetics.
-196-
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4-0043
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
BUMP IN PVC EXPORTS DISTORTS THE 'NORMALCY' OF FEEDS-LIMITED RESIN GROWTH
Mod. Plast. 5± (9): 28, 30 (1974)
For the first five months of 1974 U.S. production of the five volume thermo-
plastics rose only 4% over that for the same period in 1973; domestic sales of
resins rose only a little more than 1%, and exports rose about 12%.
Polyvinyl chloride production was up slightly for this same period; domestic sales
were down about 5%, but exports rose by about 133%
4-0044
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
EPA-APCD COOPERATION IN VINYL CHLORIDE STUDY BRINGS PRAISE FROM TRAIN
Environews (APCD, Jefferson County, Ky.), pp. 1, 3 (Summer 1974)
A second-phase study of vinyl chloride levels in ambient air near B.F. Goodrich
Plant showed average reading to be about O.Sppm, although one grab sample con-
tained 33.0ppm. Studies continue on effects of VC, determination of safe levels
and periods of exposure, effect on people living near plants manufacturing or
using VC and PVC.
-197-
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VINYL CHLORIDE
See: *4-0009 (Asbestos)
4-0015 (Flame Retardants)
-198-
-------
4-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Wilson, D.G.
ESTIMATES OF POLLUTION FROM U.S. NONFREIGHT HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Intern. J. Environ. Studies 6 (1): 35-50 (1974)
The potential environmental pollution from automobiles and public transportation
is predicted to the year 2000. The contributing effects of the steel, cement,
and coal industries are considered. A model is offered for relative transportation
costs for a city. A 50% switch of commuters from autos to buses would benefit
cities even though it would not markedly change overall resource utilization
and pollution.
4-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
NAS STUDY BACKS POLLUTION LIMITS
Sci. News 106 (11), 166 (Sept. 14, 1974)
In general, the one-year study by the National Academy of Sciences on the health
effects and cost effects of air pollution supports the air-quality standards
established under the Clean Air Act, although caution is sounded about large
uncertainties remaining on the extent of health damage caused by pollution, and
more extensive studies are seen necessary. Emphasis is on the effects of auto
emissions, which may cause 4000 deaths/yr and 4 million lost workdays/yr.
Apparent monetary loss from adverse health effects of air pollution ranges from
$500,000/yr to $3 billion.
-199-
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4-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Briston, John H. and Katan, Leonard L.
PLASTICS IN CONTACT WITH FOOD
Food Trade Press (Avi), 1974 478pp. $45
This book covers thermoplastics, their technology and nonplastics components,
food quality, health, toxic hazards, and organoleptic effects. Laws and
regulations in this country and Europe are also discussed, as are methods
of converting plastics raw materials into food-packaging materials. [Review
in: Sci. News 106 (11): 173 (Sept. 14, 1974)]
4-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SCRATCHING THE NICKEL ITCH
Sci. News 106 (11), 169 (Sept. 14, 1974)
Although the intestinal and lung hazards that follow the ingestion or breathing
of large quantities of nickel are an accepted fact, the mechanism of the "nickel
itch" that follows skin contact has not been well understood. According to
S.A. Katz, Rutgers University, nickel tends to "bind" to the skin. Women, who
wear costume jewelry or are exposed to nickel coins or clothing fasteners can
be subject to a persistent rash.
-200-
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4-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS.HAVE CREATED A SYNTHETIC "OIL FIELD"
Chem. Wk. 115 (14): 31 (Oct. 2, 1974)
The New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection has sued Exxon and ICI for
contributing to a synthetic "oil field" now seeping into the water table of
Lower New York Bay. Exxon's Constable Hook petroleum storage and transfer
facility is a suspected cause of the leaks; ICI bought "oil field" land from
Exxon as a chemical plant site. Under New Jersey law, a company is liable
up to $14 million for cleanup costs. Shell Oil, according to DEP reclaimed
and reprocessed for sale the oil that had seeped into ground.
4-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WASHINGTON ROUNDUP: AN FPC ADVISORY PANEL...
Chem. Eng. News ^2_ (38): 8 (Sept. 23, 1974)
From 1970-1980, approximately 25,000 deaths and 4.5 million excess acute
respiratory illnesses may be anticipated in the U.S. from air pollution,
according to an FPC advisory panel estimate.
-201-
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4-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
NEW INSECTICIDE
Wood & Wood Prods. 79_ (9) : 8 (1974)
Tests with Sevin 4 Oil on moth-Infested timber in Idaho showed the experimental
insecticide to be almost as effective as DDT. Sevin's price is triple that of DDT,
and it breaks down quicker than DDT. In a recent use in the Northwest, DDT was
100% effective. Dr. T.A. Jukes, University of California at Richmond, and others
are urging lifting the ban on DDT, which is claimed very safe when properly used.
4-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
Turk, Amos, et al, Eds.
HUMAN RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL ODORS
Academic Press, New York City, 1974. 366pp. $19.50
Written by experts in the field of odor analysis, this book assesses individual
and community responses to odors, and delineates current means of studying
olfactory pollution. Among topics discussed: sensory evaluation of odor
sources; odor transport, dispersal, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere;
odor intensity measurement; and odor annoyance. Sampling techniques and
instrumentation for analysis are described. [Review in: Am. J. Pub. Health
64 (10): x (1974)]
-202-
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4-0053
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chew, Tsaihwa J. et al
OCCURRENCE OF LEAD IN TUNA
Nature 251 (5471): 159-61 (Sept. 13, 1974)
At a 1972 national conference in the U.S. on baseline studies of pollutants in
the marine environment, validity of most published measurements of lead con-
centration in seawater and marine organisms was questioned. Results reported
in Sept. 1973 from an ensuing workshop, sponsored by the National Science
Foundation Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE), con-
firmed this. A reliable analytical method for determining lead concentrations
in tuna fish is now reported. Nevertheless, a problem still exists in evaluating
lead pollution in the marine environment. In part, this problem seems to stem
from a universal failure to understand the extent, sources and ways to eliminate
laboratory lead contamination.
4-0054
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
DYE ECOLOGICAL GROUP OUTLINES OBJECTIVES
Amer. Dyest. Rep. j>3 (9): 78, 80 (1974)
The main goals of the Ecological and Toxicological Association of the Dyestuffs
Manufacturing Industry (ETAD), Zurich, a recently formed organization, are
discussed briefly.
The toxicological subcommittee will concern itself with the acute and long-
range effects of dyestuffs in animal experiments, with better toxicological
tests methods, and with the effects of dyestuffs on humans. The ecology sub-
committee will study the environmental impact of dyestuffs in rivers, seas, oceans;
and, among other things, will study methods for the elimination of undesirable
products.
A current problem: as of March 1974, the Finnish Industrial Safety Administration
ruled that dyestuff producers must prove all azo dyestuffs are non-toxic.
-203-
-------
4-0055
GENERAL INFORMATION
(New Compounds)
Kolczynski, J.R. and Harpell, G.A.
AZO INITIATORS FOR CURING UNSATURATED POLYESTERS
Mod. Plast. 51 (9): 102-4, 108, 110 (1974)
New from Lucidol Div., Pennwalt Corp., are nonrefrigerated unsymmetricl
t-butylazo initiators reputed to be better than peroxides as cure initiators
for unsaturated polyesters. Three compounds currently offered by Lucidol
are 2-t-butylazo-2-cyanopropane, 2-t-butylazo-2-cyanobutane, and 1-t-
butylazo-1-cyanocyclohexane. Among their advantages: much better pot
lives than peroxides and decomposition rates unaffected by additives and
impurities.
4-0056
GENERAL INFORMATION
(New Products)
Fine, L. W. et al
N-ACYLIMIDAZOLES...
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 50 (7): 42, 44, 46, 48, 55-7 (1974)
A research study directed toward the development of a perborate laundry bleach
activator system, not too subject to hydrolysis, unique in structure, and capable
of providing an understanding of the activator system started with the study of
imidazoles and the family of acylimidazoles known as imidazolides. Structures
and reactions of various compounds are discussed.
-204-
-------
4-0057
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Anon
EPA SET TO ISSUE PROPOSED PESTICIDE RULES
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (38): 19 (Sept. 23, 1974)
EPA expects to issue shortly its proposed regulations for the registration,
reregistration, and classification of pesticides. Different criteria obtain for
indoor and outdoor residential use and indoor and outdoor nonresidential use.
Criteria for determining high risk pesticides include high acute toxicity data
and incidence of tumor, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity in test animals. Over-
riding economic, social, and environmental benefits of proposed uses may allow
some high risk pesticides to be registered.
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 4-0004 (Arsenic)
4-0006 (Arsenic)
4-0007 (Arsenic)
4-0008 (Arsenic)
-205-
-------
5-U001
ARSENIC
Corridan, John P.
HEAD HAIR SAMPLES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Env. Res. 8 (1): 12-16 (1974)
Children attending a rural school in Ireland were exposed to arsenic and mercury
from processing operations at a nearby copper/zinc mine. Head hair samples were
analyzed for the above metals and results emphasize the importance of human hair
examinations as evidence of a hazardous environment. Among the results: high
arsenic levels, low lead and mercury levels.
5-0002
ARSENIC
State of Oregon
REGULATIONS RELATING TO WATER QUALITY CONTROL IN OREGON
Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1234 S.W. Morrison St., Portland, Oregon 97205
(June 3, 1974)
Water quality standards for Oregon covering dissolved chemical substances sets.
among others, the following limits: arsenic, 0.01 mg/1; boron, 0.5 mg/1
-206-
-------
5-0003
ARSENIC
ARSENIC, FLUORINE, SELENIUM DATA
Environ. Kept. ,5 (11): 87 (Oct. 11, 1974)
The U.S. Geological Survey has compiled data on the natural amounts of arsenic,
fluorine and selenium as extracted from soils and other surface materials
taken at sites throughout the United States. This information includes maps
and symbols useful to the environmentalist. Average soil concentrations reported
are: arsenic 5.8 ppm; fluorine 180 ppm; and selenium 0.31 ppm.
5-0004
ARSENIC
Ishida, Kohzoh and Braun, Heinz E.
MODIFICATION OF THE GUTZEIT ARSINE GENERATION METHOD FOR IMPROVED RECOVERIES
OF ARSENIC
J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem. 57^ (5): 1221-3 (Sept. 1974)
A modification of laboratory apparatus used in the Gutzeit Arsine Generation
Method for recovery of arsenic in soil provides for controlled addition of
the reagent (hydrochloric acid) followed by a slower rate of arsine gas
formation, resulting in greater reproducibility.
-207-
-------
5-OUU5
ARSENIC
Anon
A NEW HEALTH STANDARD FOR ARSENIC...
Chem. Eng. 8 (21): 51 (Oct. 14, 1974)
The Occupational Health and Safety Administration is expected to issue a new
health standard for arsenic by mid-November. Disagreement among Industry
members as to its cancer-causing potential and pressure from Labor unions
for "no measurable quantities allowed" may influence the level as recommended
by NIOSH r 0.05 mg/m . No laboratory animal has yet been found that develops
cancer on exposure to arsenic thereby limiting investigative work.
-208-
-------
*5-0006
ARYL PHOSPHATES
Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Co.
FIRE RETARDANT PLASTICIZERS - RESIN MODIFIERS
Monsanto Bulletin IC/PL-358 revised July 1, 1974
Discusses application areas in vinyl systems, urethane, rubber, adhesives, etc.
Includes product descriptions, compatibility chart, and physical property chart.
Flame retardants discussed include 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, alkyl aryl
phosphate, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, chlorinated organic/
phosphorus compounds, and tributyl phosphate/tributoxyethyl phosphate.
-209-
-------
*5-0007
ASBESTOS
Blejer, Hector P. and Arlon, Robert
TALK: A POSSIBLE OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN
J. Occup. Med. 15 (2): 92-7 (1973)
A review (with 26 refs.) of possible toxic effects of mineral talc deposits
containing asbestos. The toxic effects of the various talc and asbestos forms
are discussed.
*5-0008
ASBESTOS
Anon
CANCER IN ASBESTOS WORKERS' FAMILIES
Science News 106 (14): 204 (Oct. 5, 1974)
Studies at Mt. Sinai Medical Center under Dr. Irving Selikoff have provided
evidence that tiny quantities of asbestos dust carried home by asbestos
workers on their clothing and in the hair can produce lung abnormalities
among relatives and malignancy in persons exposed as children. Current
cases were probably the result of exposure in the 1940's and 1950*s.
-210-
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5-0009
BENZIDINE
Anon
RESEARCH UNDERWAY ON TOXIC CHEMICALS NAMED BY EPA
Environ. Sci, Technol. 8^ (10): 871-874 (1974)
Carbon adsorption studies on polychlorinated biphenyls and seven other chemicals,
listed as toxic in EPA's effluent standards, indicated that these chemicals can
be removed from waste streams with granular activated carbon.
No tests were made on benzidine, however, because of its classification as a
carcinogen. Benzidine appears to be adsorbable because of its molecular weight
and chemical structure.
-211-
-------
BORON
See: 5-0002, Arsenic
See also: 5-0018, Flame Retardants
-212-
-------
5-0010
DIOXANE
Hoch-Ligeti, Cornelia et al
ONCOGENIC ACTIVITY OF AN m-DIOXANE DERIVATIVE: 2,6-DIMETHYL-m-dioxan-4-ol
ACETATE (DIMETHOXANE)
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. ,53 (3): (Sept. 1974)
Carefully contributed experiments using young-adult male Wistar rats were
conducted to investigate the tumor producing activity of an m-dioxane
derivative, known as Dimethoxane and Dioxin, which is a broad spectrum
antimicrobial agent of low toxicity. The compound was administered orally
in the drinking water. In the 25 rats studied, 14 tumors were found, 8 of
which were liver tumors.
Previous studies showed that dioxane (i.e., p-dioxane) had a weak to moderate
oncogenic activity toward the liver of the rat, caused kidney tumors,
epidermoid cancers in rat nasal cavities, and tumor-like lesions in the
lungs of guinea pigs. Mention is made of difference in structure of
dioxanes versus ethyleneimines and beta-propiolactone.
-213-
-------
5-0011
ETHYLENEIMINE
Freeland, Graeme N. et al
ADSORPTION OF MERCURY FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY POLYETHYLENIMINE-MODIFIED WOOL
FIBERS
Environ. Sci. Technol.Technol. J3 (10): 943-4 (1974)
Previous studies Indicated that protein fibers can absorb mercury from solution
and raised the possibility of using them in effluent purification processes or
for clinical purposes. This report shows that the adsorptlve capacity of wool for
mercury (Hg^) is substantially increased by polymerization of ethyleneimine onto
the fibers.
ETHYLENEIMINE
See: 5-0010, Dioxane
-214-
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5-0012
FLAME RETARDANTS
Eisenberg, B.J. and Weil, E.D.
A NEW DURABLE FLAME RETARDANT FOR CELLULOSICS
Text. Chem. Color. 61 (8): 180/35-180/37 (1974)
FYROL 76, a new flame retardant finish for cellulosic fabrics, lends itself
to very rapid cure and does not require special equipment. Retardancy
properties endure through repeated laundry and dry cleaning.
5-0013
FLAME RETARDANTS
St. Mard, Hubert H.
FLAME RETARDANT COTTON/MODACRYLIC BLEND FABRICS
Abstract of Paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Increased flame retardancy was imparted to fabrics and fiber pads, made from
blends of cotton and modacrylic fibers, by the addition of antimony oxide in
an N-methylol resin formulation. Retardancy was durable to laundry bleaching
and weathering.
-215-
-------
5-0014
FLAME RETARDANTS
Swihart, Terence J.
POLYSILOXANES AS FLAME RETARDANTS
Abstract of Paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Oxygen index test figures will be presented on the flame-retardant properties
of silicones on Nomex, Burette, Kynol, PBI and cotton. Data on P-N containing
silicones for retardants on cottons are included in this report.
5-0015
FLAME RETARDANTS
Le Blanc, R. Bruce
NEW PHOSPHOR AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS FLAME RETARDANTS FOR COTTON TEXTILES
Abstract of Paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Methylolated pentamethylphosphorotriamide used in conjunction with triazine
resins imparts fire retardancy properties to cottons.
-216-
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5-0016
FLAME RETARDANTS
Bartinger, William F.
THE APPLICATION OF A PHOSPHONIUM SALT FLAME RETARDANT TO POLYESTER/COTTON
BLEND FABRICS
Abstract of paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference, Braniff
Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
The effect of a phosphonium salt combined with urea, or the salt in the
presence of bromine topically applied or part of the polyester, shows
these chemicals to be technically feasible for use on polyester/cotton
fabrics as flame retardants.
5-0017
FLAME RETARDANTS
Roth, Philip B.
WATER AND FLAME RESISTANT TENTING FABRIC
Abstract of paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Tenting fabric resulting from cotton treated with a phosphine based flame
retardant and a compatible resin based water repellent, can meet proposed
industry standards for flammability.
-217-
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5-0018
FLAME RETARDANTS
Feeves, Wilson A., Chairman
1974 AATCC NATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, Braniff Place, New Orleans,
Oct. 9-11, 1974
Text. Chem. Color. £ (9): 54-74 (1974)
Abstracts of papers presented at this meeting are included. Of interest are
papers on flame retardants for textiles; ecology related to the textile industry;
the developing uses of radiation in industry including its use for fixation of
flame retardants.
A paper, presented by N.B. Knoepfler, on the "Storage stability of boron treated
cotton batting products that meet mattress flammability standard FF4-72," states
that the borates are the only chemical systems that yield cotton batting for
mattresses that pass the standard.
Among the flame retardants mentioned are: THPOH-NH-, THPOH-Amide, Pyrovatex, and
THPC-Urea. (See also: Refs. 5-0012 thru 5-0017 and 5-Q054, 5-0055, 5-0056)
5-0019
FLAME RETARDANTS
Mulcahy, M.F.R. and Warren, D.R.
HAZARDS FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. A SYMPOSIUM
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 April 1974.
A brief review of a symposium concerned mainly with the nature and extent of the
hazards associated with combustible materials; the fire properties of materials
based on natural or synthetic polymers, chiefly building materials and textiles;
and chemical investigations of the combustion behavior of polymeric materials.
One speaker referring to tests for studying smoke generation reported that add-
ing "fire retardant" chemicals to rigid polyurethanes increases smoke production
under flaming but decreases it under smoldering conditions.
An investigation of halogenated and non-halogenated phosphorus esters by the
oxygen index method and by thermal degradation of the polymers in nitrogen and
air indicated that these retardants function chiefly by promoting melting and
dripping of the polymer; certain brominated compounds inhibit flame reactions by
releasing hydrogen bromide in the gas phase. [Review in: Combust. Flame ^3_ (1),
136-8 (Aug. 1974)]
-218-
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5-0020
FLAME RETARDANTS
Fristom, Robert M. (Reviewer)
AN APPRAISAL OF HALOGENATED FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
Proc. of a Symposium, April 11-12, 1972.
Committee on Fire Research and Committee on Toxicology of the National Research
Council, National Academy of Sciences, Wash., D.C., 1972. 349pp. $5.50
Halogenated fire extinguishing agents, whose action against fires is chemical .
rather than physical, are much more effective than such physical agents as carbon
dioxide and water, but they present special hazards. Earlier ones, e.g., carbon
tetrachloride, are toxic and the newer ones, e.g., trifluorobromomethylbromide
and tetrafluoromethane, induce heart irregularities in dogs and may be dangerous
for people, particularly people with cardiac problems. Also, the pyrolysis
products of all agents in this class are toxic. Thirty authors presented varying
views but reached no concensus. Care must be taken to use these agents properly
to avoid hazards.
FLAME RETARDANTS
See: *5-0006, Aryl Phosphates
-219-
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5-0021
FLUOROCARBONS
Quimby, Kelvin L. et al
ENDURING LEARNING DEFICITS AND CEREBRAL SYNAPTIC MALFORMATION FROM EXPOSURE TO 10
PARTS OF HALOTHANE PER MILLION
Science 185 (4151)": 625-7 (Aug. 16, 1974)
Young rats exposed to 10 ppm of haloethane throughout the period of major
growth showed learning deficits at a later period. Tissue samples from
the cerebral cortex showed evidence of neural degeneration. Adult rats
exposed to the same concentration showed no effect.
5-0022
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
HAIRSPRAY
Aerosol Age 19 (9): 11,46 (1974)
Petitioners to the Consumer Product Safety Commission seeking an investigation on
the safety and toxicity of aerosol spray products used in the home cited as evi-
dence of toxicity of aerosol sprays a report by Drs. E. Zuskin and A. Bouhuys
[New England J. Med. (Mar. 21, 1974)]. This commentary "refutes" the claim of the
petitioners by quoting from the cited paper to show that the authors were misquoted.
Zuskin and Bouhuys in their article, "Acute Airway Responses to Hair-spray Prepara-
tions," observed "significant decreases of maximum expiratory flow rates at low
lung volumes in healthy men and women," but could not conclude that chronic air-
way obstruction could be assumed. They mentioned as open to dispute the possibility
of hair spray preparations causing lung disease.
-220-
-------
5-0023
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FLUOROCARBONS AND OZONE: NEW PREDICTIONS OMINOUS
Science News 10(5 (14): 212-3 (Oct. 5, 1974)
Atmospheric scientists, M.B. McElroy, S.C. Wofsy, and N.D. Sze of Harvard will soon
publish the results of six conceptual models used to study future world production
of fluorocarbons, indicating an even greater decrease of the ozone layer by fluoro-
carbons than previously predicted by Cicerone et al. McElroy cautions, however, that
their models are only "models" and he emphasizes the urgent need for expanded
research on the subject.
FLUOROCARBONS
See: 5-0017, Flame Retardants
5-0020, Flame Retardants
See also: 5-0059, General Information
-221-
-------
5-0024
HALOETHERS
Anon
BCME UNDER FIRE
Chem. Wk. 115 (15): 19 (Oct. 9, 1974)
Fifteen employees of Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, have been victims of lung
cancer over the past 12 years. Ralph Nader's Health Research Group charges
that this resulted from their exposure to bis-chloromethyl ether which
OSHA lists as a carcinogen.
5-0025
HALOETHERS
Anon
CONCERN GROWS OVER WORKER CANCER RISK
Chem. Eng. News 52 (41): 5 (Oct. 14, 1974)
This report of Ralph Nader's charges that Rohm and Haas Co. withheld data on lung
cancer among its workers states that 22 workers at the firm's Philadelphia plant
died of lung cancer, apparently caused by bis-chloromethyl ether. Other data indic-
ate workers may died from chloromethyl methyl ether exposure. It further states that
Dow Chemical has learned from Prof. P-L. Viola of Regins Elena Institute for Cancer
Research, Rome, Italy, that vinylidene chloride may cause liver cancer in rats.
Preliminary findings, at least, show the compound to be carcinogenic to rats in
inhalation studies in concentrations of 100 to 200 ppm in air. Dow has passed on the
findings to U.S. regulatory agencies, while reporting that its own, unfinished
studies of vinylidene chloride show no evidence of toxicity. Dow workers are exposed
to less than lOppm of the chemical.
-222-
-------
5-0026
HALOETHERS
Van Duuren, B.L. et al
CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ALKYLATING AGENTS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. _53 (3): 695-700 (Sept. 1974)
Seventeen chemical compounds, chloro-ethers and other alkylating agents, were
tested on female Swiss mice. They were given topically, subcutaneously or
intraperitoneally. Only 2 of these compounds induced sarcomas upon application
to the skin. Four of the 15 others induced significant incidences at the sc
injection site. Dimethylcarbamyl chloride induced a high incidence of sarcomas
under any method of administration.
-223-
-------
5-0027
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Consolidation Coal Co.
CONSOL SYNTHETIC FUEL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT. MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORTS NUMBERS
78 THROUGH 116.
Consolidation Coal Co., Library, Pa. Research Div. Monthly Reports, Jan. 1970-
March 1973. PB-233 261. July 1974. 219 pp. (Contract DI-14-01-0001-310).
These monthly reports (Jan 70 to Mar 73) trace the progress of the develop-
ment of the Consol Sythetic Fuel (CSF) process by the Consolidation Coal
Company under contract to .the Office of Coal Research. The process, tested
for nearly three years in a pilot plant at Cresap, West Virginia, involves
the partial conversion of coal into an extract and a byproduct solid residue,
followed by hydrogenation of the extract to yield a synthetic crude. Most
of the development workcarried out under the code name 'Project Gasoline'
applied to caking, high-sulfur Eastern coals. [Abstract in: Govt. Repts.
Announc. }A (17): 57 (Aug. 23, 1974] Earlier reports available as PB-233 259
and PB-233 260
5-0028
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
FMC Corp.
CHAR OIL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY REPORTS NUMBERS 27 THROUGH 32
FMC Corp., Princeton, N.J. Chemical Res. and Devi. Center. Monthly Reports,
Nov. 1973-April 1974. PB-233 268. Nov. 1974. 364 pp. (Contract DI-14-32-0001-1212)
These monthly reports (Nov 73-Apr 74) trace the progress of the development of
the COED (char-oil-energy-development) processfrom bench scale to pilot
plant operations at Princeton, New Jerseyby the FMC Corporation under
contract 14-01-0011-1212 to the Office of Coal Research. Under development
since 1962, the COED process converts coal to low-sulfur synthetic crude
oil, gas, and char by the fluidized-bed pyrolysis of coal, followed by the
hydrotreating of the coal oil to synthetic crude oil. The char can be
gasified to give a clean fuel gas for power generation, thus reopening
the potential of using high sulfur coals for power generation. Successful
operation of a 100-pound-per-hour process development unit led to the
design, construction and operation of a pilot plant at Princeton. The
pilot plant can process 36 tons of coal per day and hydrotreat 30 barrels
of coal-derived oil daily. [Abstract in: Govt. Repts. Announc. 7± (17):
57 (Aug. 23, 1974)] Earlier reports available as PB-233 262 through
PB-233 267
-224-
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5-0029
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Mining Co.
SOLVENT REFINED COAL (SRC) PROCESS
Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Mining Co., Kansas City, Mo. Monthly Reports, Jan-March
1974. PB-233288. March 1974, 164 pp. (Contract DI-14-01-0001-496)
These monthly reports trace the progress of the Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)
process developed by The Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Co. under contract
to the Office of Coal Research since 1966. The process will undergo testing
in a pilot plant recently completed near Tacoma, Washington, at a cost of
$18 million. In the SRC process, coal is first dissolved under moderate
hydrogen pressure in a heavy aromatic solvent derived from the process.
The resultant coal solution is filtered to remove ash and a small amount
of insoluble organic material and fractionated to recover the solvent.
The main product from the process is a heavy organic material called
solvent refined coal. Smaller quantities of hydrocarbon gases and light
distillate liquids are also produced. [Abstract in: Govt. Rept. Announc. 74
(17): 59 (Aug. 23, 1974)] Earlier reports available as PB-233277 as
PB-233277 through PB-233287
5-0030
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Wu, W.R.K. and Storch, H.H.
HYDROGENATION OF COAL AND TAR
Bureau of Mines-B-633, PB-233396. 1968, 204pp
This bulletin traces the development of high-pressure coal and tar hydro-
genation technology, based on an intensive review of the pertinent literature.
The bulletin was written as part of the Bureau of Mines research program on
synthetic liquid fuels. It covers the history and economics of the process;
the chemical aspect of hydrogenation of coal, tar, and middle oil; the
engineering aspect of converting coal and tar to liquid fuels, principally
gasoline; and the equipment for the process. The literature covered includes
documents of the United States and British Governments, journals, and other
publications. Bureau results in the hydrogenation field are also incorporated.
[Abstract in: Govt. Rept. Announc. J74 (17): 59 (Aug. 23, 1974)]
-225-
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5-0031
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Katz, Donald L. et al
EVALUATION OF COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES TO PROVIDE CLEAN FUELS. PART I.
Electric Power Res. Inst., Palo Alto, Calif. Final Report, Nov. 1973-Feb, 1974.
EPRI-206-0-0-1. PB-234 202. Feb. 1974. 78 pp.
The goals of the project were to investigate the ongoing research and develop-
ment programs on coal conversion to clean fuels and coal utilization in en-
vironmentally acceptable ways for electric power generation, and recommend
to EPRI those processes whose development warrants acceleration through
EPRI's support. The conduct of the investigation is described with some
general concepts and observations made during the seven month study. Part I
contains the choices and recommendations for research support by EPRI.
Those processes which seem to have the best prerequisites for providing
clean fuels from coal at the earliest dates were delineated. The bases
for the reasoning behind the choices are given. Coal beneficiation,
gasification, liquefaction and fluidized bed combustion were compared
and evaluated with regard to their potential integration into the electric
power industry. [Abstract in: Govt. Rep. Announc. .74_(17) : 153 (Aug.23, 1974)]
5-0032
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Katz, Donald L. et al
EVALUATION OF COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES TO PROVIDE CLEAN FUELS. PART II.
Electric Power Res. Inst., Palo Alto, Calif. Final Report, Nov. 1973-Feb. 1974.
EPRI-206-0-0-1. PB-234 203. Feb. 1974. 410 pp
A review is made of six general methods of coal utilization with elimination
of the sulfur prior to or during combustion in an electric power generating
plant: fluidized bed combustion, coal beneficiation, pyrolysis, coal
gasification, coal dissolution and liquefaction, in situ combustion. The
processes in each category were reviewed, analyzed and evaluated. Critical
process steps, where additional research must be done before the process
can be considered at the commercial stage of development, were identified.
The advantages and disadvantages of 37 processes were identified. Also
included are discussions of combined cycle systems, economics, retrofit
capabilities, thermodynamics and coal slurry pipelines. These topics
give perspective to the general subject of coal use. (Modified
author abstract) [Abstract in: Govt. Rep. Announc. 74 (17): 153
(Aug. 23, 1974)]
-226-
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5-0033
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Armbruster, Frank et al
POLICY ANALYSIS FOR COAL DEVELOPMENT AT A WARTIME URGENCY LEVEL TO MEET THE GOALS
OF PROJECT INDEPENDENCE.
Hudson Inst., Inc., Croton-on- Hudson, N.Y. Final Rept.. Nov. 1973-Jan. 1974.
PB-234 037. Feb. 1974. (Contract DI-14-32-0001-1528)
The report presents viewpoints on coal's possible role for increased develop-
ment and use in the Nation's energy future under a wartime-urgency program.
Coal production up to the level of 1.8-2.2 billion tons per year by 1985
is advanced as a major force to keep energy relatively cheap while meeting
the goals of Project Independence 1980. The report contains suggestions
that may be applied to energy producing producing and consuming sectors in
a wartime urgency mode. These include increasing the Federal research and
development efforts in gasification and liquefaction of all types of domestic
coals and expanding use of anthracite and low sulfur Appalachian coals.
[Abstract in: Govt. Rep. Announc. 7± (19): 84 (Sept. 20, 1974)]
5-0034
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
PIPELINES/ENVIRONMENT
Environ. Rept. 5^ (11): 84 (Oct. 11, 1974)
Two new pipelines proposed to transport natural gas from Alaska's North Slope to
Canada and the U.S. would increase the risks of damage which environmentalists fear
from the Alaskan oil pipeline, now under construction. A further possible inviron-
mental problem is the need for liquefaction plants near the southern ports to
convert the transported gas into liquid hatural gas, with their cooling facilities
and service and worker facilities.
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LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
THINGS ARE FINALLY LOOKING UP FOR THE MUCH-PLAGUED COAL-GASIFICATION PILOT PLANT. . .
Chem. Eng. 81 (21): 49 (Oct. 14, 1974)
Consolidated Coal's C02 Acceptor Process for the production of gas from coal
has had several successful pilot plant runs producing 1.37 million ft-* of
400 Btu/ft3 gas from a ten-day run. It utilizes feed of 30 tons/d of lignite.
Enrichment of the gasifier output to 950 Btu/ft^ will be done via a
methanation unit which is nearing completion. The facility at Rapid City,
S.D., is managed by Conoco Coal Development Co. under contract to the U.S.
Office of Coal Research and the American Gas Assn.
-228-
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5-0036
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Aubert, M. et al
USE OF A NERITIC-TYPE TROPHODYNAMIC CHAIN WITH MOLLUSKS FOR THE STUDY OF THE
TRANSFER OF METALLIC POLLUTANTS
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), 06-Nice
(France). Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Medicales de Biologic et d'Oceanographic
Medicale (Cerbom). Cea Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France)
CEA-CONF-2500. 1973, 26pp. CONF-7309103-1. (In French).
From sixth international symposium of medical oceanography; Portoros, Yugoslavia.
Covers health hazards of copper ions, chromium ions and other metallic pollutants;
biological effects on mollusks, toxicity, water pollution.
[Abstr. in: Govt. Repts. Announc. TJ*. (18): 43 (Sept. 6, 1974); NSA 40 02,
Number 05755]
5-0037
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Steele, John H.
THE STRUCTURE OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Blackwell Scientific, Oxford and London, 1974. 128+pp.
This book presents the author's mathematical simulation of the pelagic ecosystem
in the northern North Sea as typical of open sea environments in temperate or
sub-arctic waters. It offers discussion points for the differences between
terrestrial and marine ecosystems, or the significance of ecologists' icons such
as diversity, stability, efficiency, food webs and food chains. The author con-
siders the levels of pelagic herbivores and benthic micro-organisms to be the
most critical parts of marine ecosystems and urges further research on the struc-
ture and dynamics of these "lower levels" of the system. [Review in: Nature 250
(5465): 448 (Aug. 2, 1974)
-229-
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5-0038
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Cleasby, J.L. et al
TRICKLING FILTRATION OF A WASTE CONTAINING NTA
J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. b6_ (3): 1873-87 (1974)
Investigation of the effect of nitriolotriacetic acid (NTA) on a pilot plant
trickling filter showed that filter performance was not affected by this compound,
that NTA was substantially removed by the filter, and that it had no significant
effect on heavy metals passing through the filter.
-230-
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*5-0039
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
(Production)
Anon
U.S. FIRMS CONTINUE TO MAKE DEALS ON TECHNOLOGY WITH THE SOVIET UNION
Chem. Eng. News ,52 (41), 4 (Oct. 14, 1974)
Technical cooperation agreements have been made between U.S. firms and the
USSR. Bendix and Gulf Oil are 2 of the companies. Reichold Chemicals has
included licensing in their agreements. Hilton-Davis Chemical Div. of
Sterling Drug will supply technology for a $25 million plant in the USSR
to produce fluorescent whitening agents for use in detergents, paper,
and textiles.
-231-
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*5-0040
PHTHALATES
Kevy, Sherwin V. et al
TOXICOLOGY OF PLASTIC DEVICES HAVING CONTACT WITH BLOOD
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Mass. Annual Report, Sept. 1973-
18 June 1974. PB-233857, 21 June 1974. 52pp. (NIH/NHLI-72-2969).
Continued studies are presented that evaluate the possible toxicological effect
of DI-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) extracted from poly-vinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic by blood and biologic fluids. Specific studies are outlined in four
areas: The preparation of an antibody to phthalate in rabbits for use in
immune-fluorescent studies and a radioimmunoassay for detection of phthalate:
bi-weekly platelet transfusions after storage for 48 hours at 4 and 22C in
PVC, polyethylene and siliconized glass is a natural and clinically oriented
method of phthalate administration; evaluation of these animals for hepatic,
splenic and pulmonary functions by means of nuclear medicine techniques,
liver function tests and compartmental BSP analysis: tissue analysis of
transfused arid nontransfused patients for DEHP; and quantitative analysis
of liver tissue for DEHP of multi-transfused Rhesus monkeys. [Govt. Repts.
Announc. _74 (19), 47 (Sept. 20, 1974)]
-232-
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5-0041
POLYURETHANES
(Production Processes)
Rybny, C.B. et al
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION CURED COATINGS
J. Paint Technol. 46 (596): 60-9 (Sept. 1974)
Several UV radiation curable polymers synthesized from multifunctional
acrylates and an unsaturated resin were used in coating mixtures prepared
with a photo-initiator. Of the various polyacrylates tested in UV cured
coatings, acrylated polyester-based urethanes showed the highest level
of performance.
-233-
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5-0042
beta-PROPIOLACTONE
Jerina, D.M. and Daly, J.W.
ARENE OXIDES: A NEW ASPECT OF DRUG METABOLISM
Science 185. (4151): 573-82 (Aug. 16, 1974)
Metabolic formation of arene oxides explains many toxic and carcinogenic proper-
ties of aromatic hydrocarbons. A variety of chemical compounds are discussed,
including certain carcinogenic compounds, such as $-propiolactone, which are
presumed to act by direct acylation or alkylation of certain intracellular
components.
beta-PROPIOLACTONE
See: 5-0010, Dioxane
-234-
-------
5-0043
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Pforzheimer, H.
PARAHONEW PROSPECTS FOR OIL SHALE
Chem. Eng. Prog. 7£ (9): 62-5 (1974)
At the U.S. BuMlnes Oil Shale Experiment Station, Colorado, extensive
research and development effort is being privately financed. Sub-
stantial reserves, enough for a 1.5 million bbl/day oil shale industry
for 100 years, make the project most attractive. Results of the program
and study will be reported to the government early in 1976.
5-0044
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Humphreys, R.D.
OIL FROM ALBERTA'S OIL SANDS
Chem. Eng. Prog. TQ_ (9): 66-70 (1974)
Canada's tar sands could yield 300 billion barrels of oil. Development
has proved costly and many companies discontinued work on extraction.
Great Canada Oil Sands, Ltd., is still active and could achieve commercial
production by 1980.
-235-
-------
5-0045
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
OIL SHALE: A MAJOR U.S. FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCE
Combustion 46 (3): 12-16 (Sept. 1974)
Review of oil shale deposits in U.S., past and current activities of the Institute
of Gas Technology (IGT), and brief discussion of the economics of producing gas
or oil from shale.
5-0046
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
COLONY MOVE CLOUDS SHALE OIL PROSPECTS
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (41): 4-5 (Oct. 14, 1974)
Colony Development Operation has suspended construction of its Colorado shale
processing plant for reasons of tight money, unclear national energy policy, etc.
Sohio, Paraho and other competitors, while gloomy over this move, apparently
still intend to pursue their operations at this time.
-236-
-------
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See also: 5-0064, General Information
-237-
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5-0047
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
ACTIVATED CARBON EFFECTIVE FOR REMOVING VCM
Environ. Sci. Technol. 8 (10): 872 (1974)
Studies indicate that activated carbon can remove essentially 100% of the vinyl
chloride monomer in air until breakthrough occurs, at which time over 90% of the
carbon bed is saturated with VCM. A simplified schematic of typical adsorption
system arrangement for removal of VCM in PVC manufacturing plants is included.
5-0048
VINYL CHLORIDE
Weaver, Paul H.
ON THE HORNS OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE DILEMMA
Fortune 90_ (4): 150-3, 200, 202-4 (Oct. 1974)
OSHA's decisions concerning limits of worker exposure to vinyl chloride may
affect the stability of those companies manufacturing vinyl plastics. This
is the first big test case in which a government regulating agency (OSHA) will
have to balance Jobs for workers against health hazards and higher costs.
-238-
-------
5-0049
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
A DEAL INVOLVING VINYL CHLORIDE SUPPLIES
Chem. Eng. News 52 (40): 6 (Oct. 7, 1974)
Norsk Hydro of Norway has contracted with Continental Oil to provide vinyl
chloride monomer for Norsk's new plant at Rafnes, Norway. Norsk Hydro will
return prepared products to Conoco.
5-0050
VINYL CHLORIDE
Filatova, V.S. and Antonyuzhenko, V.A.
DYNAMICS OF HYGIENIC WORKING CONDITIONS AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE INCIDENCE AMONG
WORKERS IN SUSPENSION POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PRODUCTION OVER A NUMBER OF YEARS
Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevaniya (USSR) 15 (4): 32-4 (1971).
Translation, PB-233614. July 1974. (NIH-74-352C)
The occupational disease incidence in workers resulting from vinyl chloride
air pollution was studied over a period of 17 years (1953-1969). Although
industrial conditions have improved, there still occurs new cases of chronic
occupational poisoning. Various clinical manifestations of chronic vinyl
chloride poisoning, as a function of environmental air pollution have been
established. A series of measures designed to improve air quality in work
areas is suggested. [Abstr. in: Govt. Repts. Announ. .7j4(18) : 46 (Sept. 6, 1974)]
-239-
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5-0051
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
BAN VC IN AEROSOLS
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. _50_ (9): 81 (1974)
Consumer Product Safety Commission in mid-August banned as a health hazard the
use of vinyl chloride as an aerosol spray propellant because of the reported
carcinogenic effects of VC. The ban covers primarily spray paints and paint
removers, protective and decorative coatings, adhesives and solvents.
5-0052
VINYL CHLORIDE
OSHA, Dept. of Labor
EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
Fed. Reg. .39 (194): 35890-8 (Oct. 4, 1974)
OSHA's standard for exposure to vinyl chloride is presented.
-240-
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5-0053
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
OSHA's RULES SPUR SUITS
Chem. Wk. 115 (15): 14 (Oct. 9, 1974)
OSHA's final standards for worker exposure to vinyl chloride are announced with
reprepercussions from industry and labor unions. Difficulty in attaining the
low limits, problems of reliance on respirators cited. One company initiating
legal action to block OSHA regulations is Dow Chemical, but the company also
claims that its PVC pipe fabricating plants will meet new standards and announces
expansion of its Freeport, Texas, resin plant to 150-million-lbs/yr.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: *5-0040, Phthalates
-241-
-------
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
See: 5-0025, Haloethers
-242-
-------
5-0054
GENERAL INFORMATION
Salvin, Victor S.
THE YELLOWING OF WHITE FABRICS DUE TO AIR POLLUTANTS
Abstract of paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Oxides of nitrogen from atmospheric pollutants will yellow most white fabrics.
With the exception of Spandex, they become yellow from the interaction of
additives, e.g., optical brighteners, cationic softeners, and antistats,
with the fiber. Two test methods for determining yellowing are outlined.
5-0055
GENERAL INFORMATION
Neely, W. Brock
DIPHENYL OXIDE: A DYE CARRIER THAT MEETS ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL
STANDARDS
Abstract of paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference, Braniff
Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
Dow Chemical Co. has established through a comprehensive environmental and
toxicological study that diphenyl oxide, when used in the proper manner,
will have minimal effect on the environment. Data demonstrated that the
compound meets OSHA and EPA standards.
-243-
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5-0056
GENERAL INFORMATION
Todd, A.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE SELECTION OF DYE CARRIER SOLVENTS
Abstract of paper presented at 1974 AATCC National Technical Conference,
Braniff Place, New Orleans, Oct. 9-11, 1974
In this study various type solvents (including oxygenated and chlorinated
hydrocarbons, coal-tar derived and petroleum derived hydrocarbons) used
as dye carriers exhibited substantial differences in water solubility,
fish toxicity, biodegradation, vapor pressure, etc., which would affect
their pollution potential. [Abstract in: Text. Chem. Color 6. (9): 74
(1974)]
5-0057
GENERAL INFORMATION
Baglan, R.J. et al
UTILITY OF PLACENTAL TISSUE AS AN INDICATOR OF TRACE ELEMENT EXPOSURE TO ADULT
AND FETUS
Environ. Res. JJ (1): 64-70 (Aug. 1974)
A Vanderbilt University Research team found high levels of Hg, Pb, and Cd in
human placentas. Mercury, selenium, cobalt, and rubidium were found in the
blood of the fetus and the mother at levels which correlated with placenta
levels. Specific infant diseases and malformations were studied with regard
to effects of these trace elements. [Also available as Report ORO-2401-80
through AEC/contractor channels, or at $4 from NTIS (Environ. Rept. 5_ (11):
87 (Oct. 11, 1974)]
-244-
-------
5-0058
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gillette, Robert
PLUTONIUM (II): WATCHING AND WAITING FOR ADVERSE EFFECTS
Science _185 (4157): 1140-3 (Sept. 27, 1974)
This second and last part of this article mainly describes the activities of
the AEC's United States Transuranium Registry, established as a medical data
bank to monitor the health of workers exposed to plutonium. Animal studies
have shown plutonium to be a potent carcinogen; effects of small internal doses
on exposed workers are still uncertain.
Questioned now is whether the current occupational standards for plutonium, set
in 1949, are still adequate.
5-0059
GENERAL INFORMATION
Weinberg, Janet H.
BLOODLESS AND BREATHLESS
Science News 106 (12): 202-3 (Sept. 28, 1974)
In 1966, Leland Clark discovered that rats could breathe, when submersed in
silicone oil. Later, similar results were noted with fluorochemicals, e.g.,
perfluorodecalin. Then, the fluorochemicals were successfully tested as
"synthetic red blood cells; fluorochemical emulsions gave more successful
results. No carcinogenic effects have yet been noted in test animals.
Silicone oil must contain 20% oxygen.
-245-
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5-0060
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
VITAMIN E RETARDS CELLULAR AGING
Science News 106 (12): 199 (Sept. 28, 1974)
Scientists, Lester Packer and James R. Smith at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory have
been able to extend the life of human embryonic lung cells to more than double
by the addition of Vitamin E to the cells in culture. These cells were re-
markably resistant to environmental stress. Researchers believe Vitamin E
will extend the life of humans subjected to severe environmental pollution.
5-0061
GENERAL INFORMATION
Jones, Philip H. et al
BIODEGRADABILITY OF PHOTODEGRADED POLYMERS. I. DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURES
Environ. Sci. Technol. 8 (10): 919-23 (1974)
Test methods used in studying biological oxidation of photodegraded plastic
fragments employed a modification of the conventional Warburg apparatus to
measure Q£ consumption. Investigated in natural soils and sewage sludge,
degraded polyethylene and polypropylene were biologically oxidized in both
mediums. Degraded polystyrene appeared to be more resistant to bio-
degradation.
-246-
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5-0062
GENERAL INFORMATION
Guillet, James E. et al
BIODEGRADABILITY OF PHOTODEGRADED POLYMERS II. TRACER STUDIES OF BIOOXIDATION
OF ECOLYTE PS POLYSTYRENE
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (10): 923-5 (1974)
A radioactive tracer technique was used for examination of the biological
oxidation of a photodegraded copolymer, polystyrene-vinyl ketone. The
photodegraded copolymer was considerably more biodegradable than the
copolymer without photodegradation. Tests were carried out in soil and
in activated sludge.
5-0063
GENERAL INFORMATION
Flinn, James E. and Reimers, Robert S.
DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIONS OF FUTURE POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio. PB-233117. March 1974. 222pp.
(Contract EPA-68-01-1837)
The report describes the results of a program to identify, rank and project
short- and intermediate-term future pollution problems. Identification was
accomplished using three independent search approaches based on industrial
production, environmental, and societal trends and activity. Nine ranking
factors were devised to select ten most serious problems from the initial
list. The factors included: persistence; mobility/pervasiveness; en-
vironmental, technological, social, and political complexity; physiological
risk; research needs; and bulk or volume of the pollutant. The ten selected
problems in rank order are as follows: Impacts of new energy initiatives;
geophysical modifications of the earth; trace element (metal) contaminants;
proliferating hazardous and toxic chemicals; emissions from new automobile
fuels, additives, and control devices; disposal of waste sludges, liquids
and solid residues; critical radiation problems; fine participates;
expanding drinking water contamination; and irrigation practices. Five
to ten year projections were made of the ten problems which resulted.
[Abstr. in: Govt. Repts. Announ. lk_ (17), 116, (Aug. 23, 1974)
-247-
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5-0064
GENERAL INFORMATION
Andelman, Julian B. and Snodgrass, John E.
INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE
WATER ENVIRONMENT
Critical Rev. Environ. Contr. 4^ (1): 69-83 (Jan. 1974)
Conventional waste and water treatment processes only partially remove poly-
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from waste effluents and surface or ground
water. Solubility is limited but they may become solubilized by organic
pollutants. Since they are know to be carcinogenic to animals and
possibly to man, their concentration in the environment should be reduced
where practicable.
5-0065
GENERAL INFORMATION
Venitt, S. and Levy, L.S.
MUTAGENICITY OF CHROMATES IN BACTERIA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO CHROMATE CARCINOGENESIS
Nature ^50 (5466): 493-5 (Aug. 9, 1974)
Tests undertaken to examine the hypothesis that some chromium compounds, including
a known carcinogen, are mutagenic have provided evidence that simple hexavalent
chromium salts of Na, K, and Ca are mutagenic under conditions where related
heavy metal salts show no mutagenic activity.
-248-
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5-0066
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
A 40-MILLION-LBS./YEAR PLANT TO FORMULATE 1.2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
Chem. Wk. 115 (15): 9 (Oct. 9, 1974)
Dow Chemical expects its new Magnolia, Arkansas, 40-million-lbs/year plant
for l,2-dlbromo-3-chloropropane to be on stream in January 1976. In addition
to this compound, which is a basic component of the nematicide, Fumazone,
the plant will produce other Fumazone products.
5-0067
GENERAL INFORMATION
Wilson, William, K. et al, Eds.
WORLD DIRECTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTERS
R.R. Bowker, P.O. Box 1807, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106. 1974. $19.50
This directory of the various environmental research centers in 114 countries
lists 5300 organizations and includes such information as (1) the director,
(2) size of staff, and (3) specific areasjof interest.
-249-
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5-0068
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
NITROBENZENE USE LIMITED
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. j>0_ (9): 18 (1974)
Canada's Office of Consumer and Corporate Affairs has announced a limit of
5 pptn of nitrobenzene in consumer products imported, sold, or advertised
in Canada.
5-0069
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS...
Chem. Eng. News 52. (40): 14 (Oct. 7, 1974)
Eaaherichia aot-i in 0.15M sodium chloride solution showed a 60% higher survival
rate than usual to ionizing radiation of 5-25 kilorads, according to Dr. J. Kerry
Thomas and Dr. Charles F. Kulpa of the University of Notre Dame. It is postulated
this technique might be useful to protect healthy mammalian cells during
radiation treatment.
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5-0070
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
BY-PRODUCT TETRANITROMETHANE CAN BE RECOVERED FROM TNT-MAKING OPERATIONS
Chem. Eng. News .52 (40): 14 (Oct. 7, 1974)
Trinitromethane (TNM) is a precursor of high-cost nitroform which is used
for high-energy missle propellants. The Naval Surface Weapons Center has
developed a method to recover this compound from its TNT-making operations
and then to convert the recovered TNM to nitroform in a scrubbing tower.
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REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 5-0012, Arsenic
5-0052, Vinyl chloride
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6-0001
ARSENIC
Cikrt, M. and Bencko, V.
FATE OF ARSENIC AFTER PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS, WITH PARTICULAR
REFERENCE TO EXCRETION VIA BILE
J. Hyg., Epidemiology, Microbiol., and Immunology 1£ (2): 129-36 (1974)
Sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite [^As-labelled] administered intravenously to
rats on doses of 100 yg As/rat were studied, particularly to determine arsenic
excretion via bile during 24 hours, and to investigate the difference of excretion
of tri- and pentavalent arsenic. Post-mortem examination of the rats, showed
arsenic to be present in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and in the intes-
tines. After 24 hours, cumulative arsenic excretion via bile of trivalent arsenic
was 10-82±8.9%; of pentavalent arsenic, 7.42 ± 0.75%, of the dose given. For
both valency forms, excretion rate was highest for the first 15 minutes. Signi-
ficant statistical differences between trivalent and pentavalent arsenic were
also noted: with trivalent arsenic, more arsenic was found in the liver and
kidneys, while with the pentavalent form, more arsenic was found in the urine
and erythrocytes.
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*6-0002
ASBESTOS
Davies, Philip et al
ASBESTOS INDUCES SELECTIVE RELEASE OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FROM MONONUCLEAR
PHAGOCYTES
Nature 251 (5474): 423-5 (Oct. 4, 1974)
This in vitro study on cultures of mouse peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes
(MP) shows that asbestos induces a rapid, massive and selective release of
lysosomal enzymes from MP. The release occurs in the absence of any detectable
cell death and is accompanied by considerable increases in cellular levels of
non-lysosomal enzymes.
Beyond providing a simple and sensitive in vitro test for the possible
cytotoxicity of particulate substances and support for previous observations, the
data indicate that some granuloma-inducing material other than asbestos might
be administered to workers exposed to asbestos in order to maintain a local
granulomatous reaction that might prevent the appearance of mesotheliomas and
bronchogenic cancer.
*6-0003
ASBESTOS
Lee, G.L. and Smith, D.J.
STEELWORK INSULATED WITH SPRAYED CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS:
CONTROLLING A POTENTIAL HAZARD
Ann. Occup. Hyg. 17. ^' 49-52 (Aug. 1974)
The presence of sprayed crocidolite asbestos insulation on Rolled Steel Joists
was identified at a number of factory sites. Asbestos dust concentrations
found in boiler house air samples indicated that exposures (0.18 fibers/cm3
mean value) were approaching the threshold limit value defined by H.M. Factory
Inspectorate at 0.2 fibres/cm3. A sealing process was adopted to protect
surfaces from damage as well as a procedure for personal protection and
security. Specific cost savings are mentioned.
-254-
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*6-0004
ASBESTOS
Sethi, S. et al
GIANT CELL FORMATION AFTER INTRAPERITONEAL APPLICATION OF CROCIDOLITE
ASBESTOS FIBRES IN RATS
Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1J (1): 53-6 (Aug. 1974)
Multinucleated giant cells developed in the rat peritoneal cavity of rats after
intraperitoneal administration of crocidolite using the slip cover method.
Apparently,, the giant cells developed by fusion of contiguous cells, the short
development time (4 days) precluding formation by mitosis. The cells contained
a few asbestos fibers. Polykarocytes, observed on the fifth day, were found
only in the asbestos-treated rats. The fibrous shape of the asbestos dust is
believed responsible for the formation of giant cells.
*6-0005
ASBESTOS
Bogovski, P. et al
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS
Biological Effects of Asbestos. Proc. of a Conference held at the International
Agency for Research on Cancer. I.A.R.C. Lyon. Scientific Publications No. 8, 1973.
Because of wide-spread industrial use in fire-proofing, in the reinforcement of
cement in building materials, and in the manufacture of brake linings and other
friction materials, asbestos production is now four million tons/yr. It is also
considered a major industrial hazard.
All types of asbestos fibers apparently cause asbestosis and bronchial carcinoma
but, in man, the crocidolite fibers seem responsible for mesothelial tumors. In
animal studies, however, all types of asbestos induce mesotheliomas. This leads
to the hypothesis that the physical properties of the fibers rather than their
chemical composition may be causative factors.
In animal studies, chemical carcinogens and asbestos fibers have synergistic
effects in the induction of bronchial carcinomas.
[Review in: Lancet, 2 (7882): 706 (Sept. 21, 1974)]
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*6-0006
ASBESTOS
Carter, Luther J.
POLLUTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: TACONITE CASE POSES MAJOR TEST
Science 186 (4158): 31-4, 36 (Oct. 4, 1974)
Although a U.S. District judge in April, 1974, ordered the shutdown of Reserve
Mining Company^ taconite refining plant on Lake Superior because he deemed that
the asbestos or asbestos-like-fibers in the taconite tailings could be a
cancer hazard to 200,000 local residents, higher courts reversed his order.
This article reviews the situation, raising such questions as what degree of
scientific evidence is needed for a court to determine industrial pollution is
a definite public health threat, and how great must the threat be to enable a
court to close a plant, especially when the plant plays a major role in local
economics.
*6-0007
ASBESTOS
Carter, L.J.
JUSTICE JOINS IN APPEAL ON TACONITE POLLUTION
Science 186^ (4160): 244 (Oct. 18, 1974)
The U.S. Dept. of Justice with Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan has asked the
Supreme Court to allow a District Court judge to close (Reserve Mining Company's)
taconite plant on Lake Superior that contaminates public water supplies with pos-
sibly carcinogenic asbestos-like fibers. The plant discharges daily 67,000 tons
of taconite tailings into the water and 100 tons of particulates into the air.
An appeals court and the Supreme Court stayed the judge's original order. The
action of the higher courts may have set a precedent that could impede future
environmental health cases, requiring definite proof of hazard via a "body count"
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*6-0008
ASBESTOS
Gross, Paul
ASBESTOS FIBERS IN DRINKING WATER (Letter to Editor)
J. Amer. Med. Ass. 229 (7): 767 (Aug. 12, 1974)
The writer commends the conclusion by Mason et al [J. Amer. Med. Ass. 228: 1019
(1974)] that there was no apparent carcinogenic effect from asbestos in drinking
water, but corrects Mason et al's reference to Pontefract and Cunningham
[Nature 243; 352 (1973)] relative to finding that "asbestos fed experimentally
to rats has passed through the gastric and intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream."
He holds that asbestos was injected as a suspension into the stomach cavity,
probably causing the tearing open of vessels by the needle passing through the
gastric wall, allowing the asbestos fibers to leak out of the hole. He claims that
because there is no evidence of dust deposition in the intestinal walls of coal-
miners or hard-rock miners it seems that no transmigration of ingested particles
through the intestinal mucosa occurs in man.
*6-0009
ASBESTOS
Marvinney, Sandy and Beil, Karen
IT STACKS UP! (AIR POLLUTION EXPLAINED IN PLAIN ENGLISH)
Dept. of Environmental Conservation, State of New York [AIR-P28 (5/74)]
Asbestos is included among the less common substances emitted into the air by
industry and other source, the six major pollutions being identified as hydro-
carbons, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, sulfur dioxide and partic-
ulates. Asbestos, linked to lung cancer and intestinal cancer, is widely used
in industry, is found in some talc products, and is hazardous not only to those
working with it but also to those living near major building and demolition
construction. Smokers are more susceptible to danger because of a synergistic
reaction between cigarette smoke and asbestos fibers in the lungs.
New York State has banned asbestos-spraying in construction projects, etc.
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*6-0010
ASBESTOS
McCullagh, S.F.
THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS
Med. J. Aust. 2^ (2): 45-9 (July 13, 1974)
Pulmonary asbestosis is differentiated from pleural asbestosis, and the suggestion
is made that the term, "pulmonary asbestosis," should be used in discussions of
asbestosis." In a brief review of the two types of asbestosis, it is pointed out
that pleural asbestosis is not likely to be the precursor of mesothelioma. The
carcinogenicity of fibers, the role of tobacco smoking in asbestos-related lung
cancers, respiratory cancer, mesothelioma, other asbestos-associated cancers, the
workplace hygiene standard, medical surveillance of the workforce, and the general
urban environment are topics discussed briefly.
The carcinogenicity of asbestos fibers is now believed due to the physical rather
than the chemical structure of the fibers. When viewed from the standpoint of
its use as a fire retardant or in brake linings, the advantages of asbestos may
outweigh its human hazard potential. A negligible amount of asbestos is iden-
tified in water and beverages.
*6-0011
ASBESTOS
Smith, Peter J.
FOR THOSE IN PERIL ON THE FACTORY FLOOR
Nature 251 (5476): 560-1 (Oct. 18, 1974)
Arguing that the Scientific Establishment should have a greater commitment to
human welfare (or "community science"), the author uses as a case in point the
asbestos-induced diseases (asbestosis, cancer) so prevalent among asbestos pro-
duction workers. He suggests several things that the scientific community
could (and should) have done and could still do to define such problems, identify
gaps in knowledge, secure needed scientific data, etc. The number of British
workers killed by asbestos-induced mesotheliomas is unknown because of lack of
data; estimates have been made that in the U.S. 20,000 asbestos workers will die
of lung cancer, 7,000 of mesothelioma, and 7,000 of other cancers and asbestosis
out of every 100,000 entering the industry under 1971 U.S. safety standards.
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6-0012
FLAME RETARDANTS
(New Product)
Anon
STAUFFER'S FYROL 76 NAMED TO TOP HUNDRED
Text. Chem. Color. 6^ (10): 10 (1974)
Fyrol 76, a flame retardant for cellulosic fabrics produced by Stauffer
Chemical Company, is one of the 100 most significant new technical products
of 1974 according to Industrial Research magazine.
6-0013
FLAME RETARDANTS
LeBlanc, R. Bruce and LeBlanc, D.A.
DURABLE, LOW COST FLAME RETARDANCE FINISHING
Text. Chem. Color. £ (10): 217/29-217/31 (1974)
Titanyl sulfate treatment of phosphorylated cellulosic fabrics produced durable
flame retardance to comply with the Children's Sleepwear Standard FF 3-71.
Other desirable fabric properties, such as good strength retention and soft
handling resulted from this finishing process. Overall costs of this process
should be lower than present commercial cellulosic fabric finishes. In
addition, the treating bath is chemically stable and no potentially toxic chemi-
cals are used or produced.
-259-
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6-0014
FLUOROCARBONS
Chiou, W.L.
AEROSOL PROPELLANTS: CARDIAC TOXICITY (Letter to Editor)
J. Amer. Med. Ass. 229 (13): 1722 (Sept. 23, 1974)
Augmenting an earlier letter to the editor, the writer cites Dollery, C.T. et al
[Lancet ^:1164-6 (1970)] in an article on, "Blood concentrations in man of fluor-
inated hydrocarbons after inhalation of pressurized aerosols," as providing sup-
porting evidence of a possible link between the sudden death of sensitive asth-
matic patients and the cardiac toxicity of aerosol propellants. Dollery et al
studied the effects of trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon 11 [Fll]).
6-0015
FLUOROCARBONS
(Uses)
Zief, Morris and Horvath, Joseph, Jr.
CONTAMINATION CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PURITY CHEMICALS
J. Testing and Evaluation 2 (2): 113-7 (1974)
As analytical instrumentation techniques improve detection limits for trace
elements are reduced proportionally. Control of high-purity chemical
contamination such as clean air workrooms, interaction with the container,
filtration methods, and water are stressed. On the question of containment,
fluorinated hydrocarbons are outstanding for chemical resistance. Although
data are not available for their resistance to all the common acids, polymers
of tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, fluor-
inated ethylene-propylene, and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene mixtures are
useful for many chemicals.
-260-
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6-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Hammond, Allen L. and Maugh, Thomas H. II
STRATOSPHERIC POLLUTION: MULTIPLE THREATS TO EARTH'S OZONE
Science 186^ (4161): 335-8 (Oct. 25, 1974)
Aerosol sprays that release chlorofluoromethanes into the atmosphere join super-
sonic transports and nuclear weapons as potential sources of catalytic agents
(oxides of nitrogen and free chlorine) that penetrate the earth's stratosphere
to decompose the earth's protective ozone shield. Discussion covers possible
effects of these hazardous materials, existing concentrations, and a preliminary
model calculating an ultraviolet flux reaching the ground with its potential
sunburn effects.
6-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Williams, Faith M. et al
THE USE OF 18F LABELLED FLUOROCARBON-11 TO INVESTIGATE THE FATE OF INHALED
FLUOROCARBONS IN MAN AND IN THE RAT
Thorax 29_: 99-103 (1974)
The absorption, distribution, and elimination of inhaled fluorocarbons in man
and the rat were studied, using Fluorocarbon-11 labeled with 18F. In the rat,
elimination from the blood and high blood flow organs was rapid, while elim-
ination from fat was very slow as was the fall in whole body count. In man,
there was a rapid initial fall in whole body count. A rapid fall in lung
concentration indicated an initial transfer to the blood stream and uptake by
tissues, with slow elimination from fat. Apparently, the fluorocarbon was
not deposited in the mouth as droplets.
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6-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Blake, D.A. and Mergner, G.W.
ARE FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS METABOLIZED?
Abstract of Paper presented at 13th Ann. Mtg. of the Society of Toxicology,
Wash., D.C. March 10-14, 1974
Using 15 Beagles and 4 humans, the possible bio-transformation of F-ll and
F-12 after. 7-20 min. inhalation was studied. Dosages were 1-5,000 ppm F-ll
and 1-10,000 ppm F-12 containing up to 180 yCi of 14c-fluorocarbon. Exhaled
air was collected and assayed for l^C-fluorocarbon and -^C02 with all the
administered fluorocarbon recovered within an hour. Analysis was made of
venous blood samples and urine for fluorocarbon content and non-volatile
radioactivity respectively with only traces of radioactivity being found in
urine. Although dog tissues contained low levels of non-volatile radio-
activity 24 hrs. after exposure, it represented less than 1% of the admin-
istered dose. Radio-labeled impurities present in the administered gas mix-
ture accounted for all the trace levels. Authors concluded that F-ll and
F-12 are refractory to bio-transformation after a short inhalation exposure
and are rapidly exhaled in unaltered chemical form.
[Abstract in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29 (1): 142 (July 1974)]
6-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Adir, Joseph et al
KINETICS OF UPTAKE AND ELIMINATION OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (F-ll) AND
DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (F-12) IN BEAGLES AND HUMANS
Abstract of Paper presented at 13th Ann. Mtg. of the Society of Toxicology,
Wash., D.C., March 10-14, 1974
The kinetics of uptake and elimination of F-ll and F-12 in blood concentrations
of 6 Beagles and 2 humans were analyzed by a digital computer program. By
fitting the data to a model mathematically, the blood concentration-time curves
was described by a bi-exponential function with an initial rapid distribution
and a slower elimination. Using the averaged pharmacokinetic parameters, sim-
ulation of the model shows the F-ll levels in the central and peripheral
compartments are substantially higher and persist longer than those of F-12 at
the same inspired concentration. There is consistency with the kinetics of the
fluorocarbons and their blood solubilities, oil/water partition characteristics,
and other physiologic considerations.
[Abstract in Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29_ (1): 142-3 (July 1974)]
-262-
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6-0020
HALOETHERS
Swann, H.E., Jr. et al
ACUTE INHALATION TOXICOLOGY OF VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS
Am. Ind. Hyg., J. 35. (9): 511-8 (1974)
Five minute exposures of mice for volatile hydrocarbons (n-pentane, n-hexane,
n-heptane or iso-octane) in concentrations of 1,000; 2,000; 4,000; 8,000;
16,000; 32,000; 64,000; and 128,000 ppm produced anesthesia and irritation
to the respiratory system. Although the intensity of irritation increased
with the length of the carbon chain, the anesthetic properties became less and
the concentration needed to produce narcosis and respiratory arrest was lower.
With the exception of iso-octane, respiratory arrest occurred with all of the
agents at the end of inspiration. With iso-octane respiratory arrest occurred
in the expiratory phase during prolonged expiration. Although respiratory
arrest was reversible with diethyl ether, it was not with methoxyflurane or
volatile hydrocarbons.
6-0021
HALOETHERS
Anon
ROHM & HAAS DENIES
Chem. Eng. 81 (23): 33-4 (Oct. 28, 1974)
BCME (bis-chloromethyl ether) was produced at the Philadelphia plant of Rohm &
Haas as a chemical intermediate from 1948 to 1950. Only small amounts of BCME
have been produced since, as an impurity formed in the production of CME
(chloromethyl ether). Rohm & Haas had enough evidence accumulated by mid-1971
to identify BCME as a "probable cause of lung cancer" in up to 22 of its
employees and modified the Philadelphia facilities to protect workers. In
addition to alerting the workers and forwarding the data to federal and state
occupational-health authorities, the company contacted other CME users to make
them aware of its potential hazards.
-263-
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6-0022
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Albro, P.W. and Thomas, R.
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE AND HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ISOMERS
IN RATS
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 12, (3): 289-94 (Sept. 1974)
In one of its many uses, that of a fungicide, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has
been suspected in poisoning of humans in Turkey who consumed wheat with 2g
HCB/100 kg seed. The intestinal absorbability of HCB isomers was studied in
rats under conditions where coprophagia was prevented. For the purposes of
comparison, BHC (hexachlorocyclohexane) was studied at the same time. Data
shows complete excretion of HCB and BHC was observed after a single dose.
Further investigation showed HCB more poorly absorbed and/or metabolized by
rats than a smaller dose of BHC.
-264-
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6-0023
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
MARRIAGE OF COAL AND NUCLEAR ENERGY BEING EMPHASIZED
Coal Age 79^ (10) : 216 (1974)
Presentations on a nuclear coal solution gasification process, nuclear process
heat and direct coal gasification, and German studies of nuclear coal gasifica-
tion were given at an American Nuclear Society meeting on Nuclear Energy alter-
natives for. Industrial Processes. The ANS is studying the use of byproduct
heat from nuclear energy to drive steam turbines and convert coal into gas and
liquids.
6-0024
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
SITE CHOSEN TO TEST IN SITU GASIFICATION
Coal Age 79 (10): 22 (1974)
With the intention of producing a low-Btu gas suitable for generating electricity
Consolidation Coal Company of Continental Oil Co. with the Bureau of Mines '
testing in situ coal gasification in thin eastern seams. If successful, coal in
seams deemed difficult and hazardous to mine could be used in underground gasifi-
cation.
-265-
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6-0025
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
USING GASIFIED COAL IN INDUSTRY
Tappi _52 (10): 13-4 (1974)
Should U.S. industry have to resort to coal gasification for its oil and gas
some of the environmental problems resulting would be: disposal of ash residue,
control of coal dust, removal from the fuel gas of such potential atmospheric
contaminants as sulfur and particulates.
6-0026
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
M.W. KELLOGG'S MOLTEN-SALT GASIFICATION PROCESS...
Chem. Eng. 81 (23): 35 (Oct. 28, 1974)
In pilot plant tests, M.W. Kellogg tested a system using molten alkali-metal
carbonates as gasification catalyst and heat-transfer medium to pyrolyze heavy
petroleum stock. Ethylene yields as high as 33% at a molten-salt temperature
of 1,300 to 1,400°F and propylene yields of 17% at a salt temperature of 1,200°F
were reported at the meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Kellogg
claims their olefin yields and feedstock flexibility are equal to or better
than pyrolytic cracking, steam pyrolysis, sand cracking or fluid gasification.
-266-
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6-0027
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
Anon
MOCA. CURING AGENT IMPROVED AND FREELY AVAILABLE
Rubber Age 106 (10): 67 (1974)
DuPont is producing MOCA in compliance with the new OSHA standard. The MOCA
curing agent has actually been improved from this effort as better handling
characteristics in mechanized operations and slightly shorter melting times
have resulted from considerably smaller individual pellets.
-267-
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6-0028
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Roberts, Alan
THE STABILITY OF A FEASIBLE RANDOM ECOSYSTEM
Nature 251 (5476): 607-8 (Oct. 18, 1974)
Although many biologists believe that ecosystems are more stable when they con-
tain larger numbers of interacting species, many mathematical models of complex
ecosystems indicate the opposite, suggesting that complexity yields instability.
The author imposes a feasibility (equilibrium population values must be positive)
restriction on his model to study this problem.
-268-
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6-0029
POLYURETHANES
Smith, Thor L.
TENSILE STRENGTH OF POLYURETHANE AND OTHER ELASTOMERLC BLOCK. COPOLYMERS
J. Polym. Sci. (Polymer Phys. Ed.) 12 (9): 1825-48 (Sept., 1974)
In this discussion of the processes contributing strength and toughness to
polyurethanes and other elastomeric block copolymers, it appears that high
strength usually depends upon a dispersed phase. Tensile strength also is
affected by type, size, and concentration of polar segments in polyurethane
elastomers. Among the materials studied are those containing domain-
forming segments resulting from the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
(TDI) with toluene-2,4-diamine or with 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline),
and from the reaction of 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-
butanediol. TDI segments give plastic domains that augment strength over a
wide temperature range; MDI is not so effective.
6-0030
POLYURETHANES
(Production)
Anon
CURON DIVISION
Rubber Age 106 (10): 102 (1974)
A flexible polyurethane foam manufacturing plant is expected to be on stream in
Orlando, Florida, by November 1975, according to Curon Division of Reeves Bros.,
Inc. Fully integrated to produce a full line of polyester flexible foams, the'*
plant will have 120,000 square feet of space and a capacity to supply existing
and planned foam fabricating facilities in Florida.
Florida.
-269-
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6-0031
POLYURETHANES
(uses)
Anon
BAYER AG,...
Rubber Age 106 (10): 8 (1974)
Bumpers of integral skinned, thin-walled, polyurethane foam moldings, backed by
hydraulic shock absorbers, have been tested by General Motors on New York taxi-
cabs. A savings of more than 30% in repair costs was reported on 1,000 collisions
in six million miles. Bayer AG, Leverkusen, West Germany, and Krauss-Maffei
worked together to supply GM with automatic equipment for the manufacture of the
1975 range of shock absorbing bumpers.
-270-
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6-0032
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Pardys, Stephen and Brotman, Martin
TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND ALCOHOL: A'STRAIGHT FLUSH (Letter to Editor)
J. Amer. Med. Ass. 229 (5): 521-2 (July 29, 1974)
Trichloroethylene, industrial solvent, degreaser, fat extractor, film cleaner,
gas purifier, and anesthetic, has caused cardiac arrhythmias and hepatic and
renal abnormalities. A case history is cited, briefly, indicating a little-
mentioned but common side effect of chronic exposurealcohol intolerance, char-
acterized by facial flushing, pressure in head, blurred vision, etc.
-271-
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6-0033
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
OIL FROM SHALE BY 1978, SAY RESEARCHERS
Coal-Age. 79. (10): 30 (1974)
Shale oil extraction process of Paraho Development Corp. retorts rough crushed
shale of varying sizes with a waste product environmentally easier for disposal
than finer crushed shale. With the success of this technology, a 100,000-bbl-
per-day plant is planned for full production by 1980 with potential yields of
90 to 100%. To be located in Utah, the complex will cost $1.4 billion and will
be supplied by leased oil shale lands jointly developed by Phillips Petroleum,
Sun Oil, White River Shale Oil Corp. and Sohio Petroleum interests.
6-0034
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
AN^THAT OFF-AGAIN, ON-AGAIN OIL-SHALE PROJECT IS OFF AGAIN
Chem. Eng. 81 (23): 34 (Oct. 28, 1974)
Suspension of plans for a commercial 50,000 bbl per day shale-oil plant in
Colorado has been announced by the Oil Shale Corp. (Tosco) and its partners
in Colony Development Operation. Although not considered the reason for the
change in plans, there was also mention of possible carcinogenic problems
with airborne emissions.
-272-
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6-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VCM EMISSION STANDARDS ABROAD DO NOT ALWAYS MEAN THE SAME THING
Chem. Wk. 115 (16): 39 (Oct. 16, 1974)
New experiments on animals' exposure to VCM must be completed before the accept-
ance of any of the current limits which vary from country to country. Holland
plans to impose a difficult to meet 1-ppm limit and chimney emissions in Germany
are limited to 150 mg/cubic meter VCM. The recommended VCM emission standard
of 50 ppm awaits the new results before finalization.
6-0036
VINYL CHLORIDE
Purchase, I.F.H. and Williamson, K.S.
PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY AMONG VINYL-CHLORIDE WORKERS
Lancet _2 (7880): 591-2 (Sept. 7, 1974)
Comment is made that data presented by Monson et al (Lancet, Aug. 17, p.397)(See
CATS 4-0035), which compared local figures with national figures, cannot be used
to recalculate the proportional mortality using regional incidence figures from
the U.S. Because of regional variations in cancer mortality figures, it is neces-
sary to compare a study group with a truly matched community group.
-273-
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6-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Falk, Henry et al
MORTALITY AMONG VINYL-CHLORIDE WORKERS (Letter to Editor)
Lancet 2_ (7883): 784 (Sept. 28, 1974)
Mortality data related to cancers from vinyl chloride exposure, presented by Mon-
son et al (Lancet, Aug. 17, p.397)(See: CATS 4-0035), are questioned because among
other things Monson et al included a large proportion of workers not directly en-
gaged in VC production or polymerization, and did not include all VC workers at the
two plants .under study. NIOSH/Center for Disease Control is now conducting a de-
tailed analytical study in this area.
6-0038
VINYL CHLORIDE
Monson, Richard R.
PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY AMONG VINYL-CHLORIDE WORKERS (Letter to Editor)
Lancet 2. (7884) : 848 (Oct. 5, 1974)
Replying to Purchase and Williamson's comment (Lancet, Sept. 7, p. 397)(See:. CATS
4-0035), the writer agrees that studies of mortality and proportional mortality
should have as a basis of comparison disease-rates from a similar community, but
states that tabulations of deaths in the U.S. are not available in the detail re-
quired. He cites a recent NIH publication by Mason and McKay, "U.S. Cancer Mor-
tality by County: 1950-69", Dept. HEW Publ. No. (NIH) 74-615 (1974), as an aid
to assessing the degree of bias likely to be introduced by using national data.
-274-
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6-0039
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NEW VCM REGULATION IS ONLY ONE INFLUENCE ON A CHANGING OUTLOOK FOR PVC
Mod. Plast. 51. (10): 20 (1974)
The impact of OSHA's new standard on workplace exposure to vinyl chloride mono-
mer is varied. Some plants are cutting production, not going ahead fully with
planned increase in PVC production. Increased resin prices are seen as another
result, cost of polymerization apparently increase sharply as VCM exposure levels
decrease (a 50 ppm level adding 0.72<;/lb to PVC costs, a 25 ppm level adds 2.73C,
and a 10 ppm level or less adds at least 8<:/lb). Some PVC bottle compounds pro-
ducer plan to phase out, e.g., Borden and B.F. Goodrich. On the other hand, Good-
year and Rubber is introducing a new low-temperature cutting unit for supermarket
meat wrapping, and Robintech Inc. has patented a new manufacturing process, Rocor
IKC (In Kettle Compound), said to eliminate pre-blending for PVC pipe manufacture
and to eliminate worker exposure to VCM at the conversion facility.
6-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Kalina, Joseph F.
SEEKING TO SOLVE PVC'S HOT-WIRE CUTTING PROBLEM
Mod. Packag. 47. (10): 7, 16 (1974) . .
Goodyear and Borden are faced with a class-action suit for $284 million by meat-
wrapping personnel charging chronic exposure to toxic fumes from thermal decom-
position of PVC film passing over an electric heat wire used to cut the wrapping.
Now, Goodyear announces a low-temperature (260°F) cutting unit to replace the old
cutting wire that operates between 700 and 800°F.
-275-
-------
6-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
Schlauch, WiF. and Calmi, R.J.
IMPROVED VINYL COPOLYMERS: BETTER NONWOVEN BINDERS
Text. Chem. Color. £ (10): 223/37-229/43 (1974)
Application of vinyl copolymers as binders for new nonwoven constructions were
investigated. Glass transition Temperature, as well as film and web properties,
were reviewed for copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other vinyl
comonomers.. Comparisons were made and data given for tensile and tear strength,
stiffness and flexibility, effects of plasticizer and resin pickup, methods of
application of binder on sheet properties. Specific end-use properties were
also examined, including flammability, heat sealabllity, durability, stiffness
and adhesion to synthetic fibers. It was concluded that binder resins can meet
specific design requirements for nonwoven applications if binder design is
considered with application method to develop an optimum product.
6-00421
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
CANCER LINK CLOSES PVC PLANT IN NORWAY
Chem. Eng. News ,52, (42): 7 (Oct. 21, 1974)
The 60,000 metric-ton/yr Norsk Hydro PVC plant at Heroya, Norway, is closed tem-
porarily because of OSHA's new 1 ppm level of worker exposure to VC. After a
study by doctors and other experts, plant will likely resume operations; proba-
bly will set VC exposure limit below the 20 to 30 ppm now in effect. One Norsk
employee died from angiosarcoma in 1972.
If plant does not re-open, production of 300,000 metric-tons/yr at nearby Rafnes
is a possibility. Other European PVC makers awaiting Norway's move. Concensus
in Europe is that current technology does not permit reaching 1 ppm level, but
efforts probably will be made to reduce concentrations below 25 ppm.
-276-
-------
6-0043
VINYL CHLORIDE
Mark, D.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF MEMBRANE FILTERS FOR DUST SAMPLING WHEN COM-
POSITIONAL ANALYSIS IS REQUIRED
Ann. Occup. Hyg. 17 (1): 35-40 (Aug., 1974)
Filter material characteristics for airborne dust sampling are set forth to
evaluate a variety of membrane filters. Polyvinyl chloride membrane filters
have a lower rate of moisture absorption and incinerate gently but have a low
collection efficiency by comparison. Electrostatic charge effect on PVC
membrane filters was examined. Surface treatment of the PVC with a detergent
solution resulted in eliminating the electrostatic.charge pattern and improv-
ing the undersampling problems from 14% to an average of 2%.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See also: 6-0046, General Information
-277-
-------
6-0044
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
Anon
RAP FOR FILM WRAP
Chem. Wk. 115 (16): 20 (Oct. 16, 1974)
Mice exposed to about 200 ppm vinylldene chloride developed cancer according to
a Dow Chemical medical researcher, Pier Luigi Viola. Both Dow and PPG Industries,
the primary U.S. producers of vinylidene chloride, mainly for film wraps, control
their employees' work levels for lOppm or below. About 75 Dow employees work with
vinylidene chloride monomer at Freeport, Texas, and Plaquemine, Louisiana, and
with copolymer resins at Midland, Michigan, while only about 12-15 PPG employees
work with the monomer at Lake Charles, Louisiana. Further research may be forth-
coming .
-278-
-------
6-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carter, Luther J.
CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT (I): A CREAKY SYSTEM GRINDS ON
Science 186 (4160): 239-42 (Oct. 18, 1974)
Review of problems facing EPA, other Government agencies, and industry in rela-
tion to potentially carcinogenic or hazardous pesticides. Definite need seen
for establishment of adequate test programs for all persistent pesticides before
they are registered for use. NCI plans new interagency task force with this as
one of its objectives.
6-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gillette, Robert
CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT (II): GROPING FOR NEW REMEDIES
Science _186 (4160): 242-5 (Oct. 18, 1974)
EPA is only starting to contend with the big problem of regulating man-made car-
cinogens. Difficulties arise with compounds like vinyl chloride that have such
wide-spread, diverse uses; banning of pesticides (limited field of application)
is simpler. Complicating matters is the huge number of new compounds produced
yearly and the very small number (about 6000 out of nearly 2 million) that have
been tested for carcinogenicity.
-279-
-------
6-004 7
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hoffmann, Dietrich et al
N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE IN TOBACCO
Science 186 (4160): 265-7 (Oct. 18, 1974)
Due to carcinogenic biological activity in a wide variety of experimental animals
from N-nitroso compounds, N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is considered a potential
organic carcinogen and the first isolated from tobacco. It is found in unburned
tobacco and the amount in commercial U.S. tobacco products, like cigarettes,
cigars and chewing tobacco, is between 1.9 and 88.6 ppm. N-Nitrosamines rarely
exceed 0.1 ppm in meat, fish, and beverages.
6-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EPA BROADENS ITS DEFINITION OF CARCINOGEN
Chem. Eng. News .52 (41): 13 (Oct. 14, 1974)
EPA believes tumorogenic substances and carcinogenic substances to be "synony-
mous" for purposes of "carcinogenicity testing;" warns that any substance that
induces cancer in animals, regardless of dose level, should be treated with cau-
tion.
-280-
-------
6-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
EPA
FISH KILLS BY POLLUTION IN 1972
Office of Water Planning and Standards, Monitoring and Data Support Division,
Data Reporting Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Wash., D.C. 20460
(EPA-440/9-73-001)
Over 17.7 million fish were reported killed in 1972 in 687 separate incidents
of water pollution. At least one fish killed incident reported by each of 44
states; five states (Alabama, Calif., Ohio, Pa., and Texas) accounted for 42%
of total kills. The majority of the fish kill reports are traced to industrial
sources, but municipal operations killed more individual fish (8.4 million) than
any other source.
Although the 1972 fish kill incidents were lower than in 1971, the 1972 reports
are the second highest reported in 13 years.
6-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thumm, Byron A.
METHYL YELLOW (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News _52 (42): 5 (Oct. 21, 1974)
Methyl yellow is listed as a carcinogen according to OSHA under the name
4-dimethylaminobenzene but appears in most tables of acid-base indicators as
methyl yellow. Not only should the two names appear together for purposes of
safety but also, where possible, use of a different appropriate indicator such
as brom phenol blue should be recommended.
-281-
-------
6-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Wright-Patterson AFB
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY (4TH) HELD AT
FAIRBORN, OHIO, ON 16, 17, AND 18 OCTOBER 1973. (Final Rept. Dec. ,1973 Rept. No.
AMRL-TR-73-125)(AD-781 031)
Aerospace Medical Research Lab., W-P AFB, Ohio
The report is a compilation of the papers presented at the Proceedings of the
4th Annual Conference on Environmental Toxicology, sponsored by the University
of California, Irvine and held in Fairborn, Ohio on 16, 17, and 18 October 1973.
Major technical areas discussed included Toxic Substance Control Act of 1973;
toxicology of halogenated solvents, aerosol propellants, and fire extinguishants;
and toxicology of propellant, materials and assessment of carbinogenesis to
certain materials.
[Abstract in: Gov. Reports Announcements 74_ (17): 53, (Aug. 23, 1974)]
6-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
NIOSH
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
Environ. Rept. _5 (11): 88 (Oct. 14, 1974)
The Industrial Environment Evaluation and Control is a 719 page NIOSH
document available from GPO as SN-1701-00396 at $11.70. Useful in evaluating
potentially harmful effects of physical and chemical air contaminants and safety,
it offers information also on solid waste and control of water pollution. Its
coverage as an industrial hygiene textbook includes related areas in mathematics,
chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and toxicology.
-282-
-------
6-0053
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
FOOD DYE, CANCER LINKED
Daily Evening Item, Lynn, Mass., p.24 (Nov. 1, 1974)
A food dye, Red No. 2, is cited by a Ralph Nader research group as a potential
carcinogen and as potentially damaging to the baby of a pregnant woman, if she
drinks more than a third of a can of strawberry soda pop/day.
The dye, used in ice cream, soda pop, lipstick, pill coatings, etc., has been
tested by FDA since 1951, and the data "strongly indicate that Red No.2 does
cause cancer." It apparently"is safe as far as fetotoxicity is concerned only
at extremely low levels."
-283-
-------
7-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Minami, Masayasu et al
ACRYLONITRILE POISONING. I. RESULTS OF EXPOSURE TO ACRYLONITRILE VAPOR.
Tokyo Joshi Ika Daigaku Zasshi 43, (10): 849-55 (1973). (In. Jap.)
Inhalation of 20 ppm acrylonitrile by rabbits for 8 hr/day once a week over a
period of 8 weeks caused an increase in pO£ levels in the blood, a decrease
in pCO£ levels, and an increased alkalinity of pH levels. Cyanide ions
liberated from acrylonitrile were evidently responsible for the increase in
p02 levels. Cyanide ions were metabolized to thiocyanate ions. Blood hemo-
globin concentrations and hematocrit values also increased.
-284-
-------
7-0002
ARSENIC
Ott, Marvin Gerald et al
RESPIRATORY CANCER AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENICALS
Arch. Environ. Health 29_ (5): 250-5 (Nov. 1974)
A study of the proportionate mortality experience of workers in a plant producing
an arsenical insecticide showed a much higher rate of respiratory cancer among
the 173 workers exposed primarily to lead arsenate and calcium arsenate than
was found in 1,809 non-exposed workers. Records of deaths were examined for
the years 1940-1973. In addition to the increase in respiratory cancer, a
positive dose-response relationship enhances the theory that arsenical compounds
are a cause of respiratory cancer.
7-0003
ARSENIC
Pierson, D.H. et al
CHEMICAL UNIFORMITY OF AIRBORNE PARTICIPATE MATERIAL, AND A MARITIME EFFECT
Nature 251. (5477): 675-9 (25 Oct. 1974)
Airborne particulate material has a uniform elemental composition, in which the
industrial elements are enriched relative to soil. In the surface of the North
Sea the trace element content seems to be massively enhanced relative to bulk
seawater. Arsenic is one of the 29 elements measured. One potential result of
this study may be that in the monitoring of dust-laden environment , it may be
possible by comparison with the "normal" elemental mixture to identify and de-
fine the presence of elemental "pollution."
-285-
-------
7-0004
ARSENIC
Tolley, J.A.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES, SYNERGISM, AND DRINKING-WATER (Letter to Editor)
The Lancet II (7887): 1024 (Oct. 26, 1974)
The author stresses the need for awareness of the possible synergistic effects
of multiple contaminants in drinking water. Although arsenic, cadmium, lead,
and mercury can each, individually, inhibit sulfhydryl enzymes, additive
effects, in vivo, are possible from combinations of two or more of these
elements.
7-0005
ARSENIC
Whitacre, R. Wayne and Pearse, Carlton S.
ARSENIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Colo. Sen. Mines, Minerals Ind. Bull. 17_ (3): 19 pp. (1974)
A review is presented with 60 references.
-286-
-------
7-0006
ARSENIC
Anon
FOCUS ON JOB HAZARDS
Chem. Wk. 115 (19): 19 (Nov. 6, 1974)
At a 3-day International Federation of Chemical and General Workers (IFCGW),
held in Geneva in late October, the focus was on occupational hazards in the
chemical, rubber and allied industries. Vinyl chloride was the main target of
the session but benzene, bischloromethyl ether, talc, asbestos, arsenic, ben-
zidine and beta-naphthylamine were discussed as health hazards to workers.
Cesare Maltoni reported that exposure of mice, rats, and hamsters to vinyl chlo-
ride monomer provoked (in addition to angiosarcoma) lung and brain cancers in
one or more of the three species of animals.
7-0007
ARSENIC
Anon
ARSENIC. . .
Env. 16 (9): 21-2 (Nov., 1974)
In a very brief discussion of the discovery of lung or lymphatic cancer as the
cause of death of workers in two manufacturing companies, the point is raised
that because the toxicity of arsenic compounds depends upon their chemical com-
position, it is difficult to assess the public hazard. Research is needed to
determine if nonpoisonous arsenic compounds released into the environment are
changed naturally into poisonous forms by bacteria.
-287-
-------
7-0008
ARSENIC
(Uses)
Anon
PLENTY OF ENERGY OUT THERE IN THE SUNSHINE
Environ. Sci. Technol. ,8 (12): 976-8 (Nov., 1974)
In this review of solar energy potential and methods of using that energy, it
is pointed out that solar energy does not pollute.
One efficient way of using solar energy is via photovoltaic cells of silicon
"doped" with traces of arsenic, boron, phosphorus, and other elements of simi-
lar properties.
-288-
-------
ARYL PHOSPHATES
See also: 7-0056, General Information
-289-
-------
*7-0009
ASBESTOS
Anon
ASBESTOS FINDING LEADS ILLINOIS EPA TO SET UP MONITORING GEAR
Environ. Health Letter 13_ (19): 7-8 (Oct. 1, 1974)
After finding asbestos in Lake Michigan, the Illinois EPA has decided to monitor
the lake waters using an electron microscope, capable of magnifying 200,000 times.
This sensitive equipment will distinguish asbestos from asbestos-like fibers.
*7-0010
ASBESTOS
Anon
NEW REGULATIONS GOVERNING STATE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SOURCES PROPOSED
Environ. Health Letter 13_ (21): 2 (Nov. 1, 1974)
New EPA proposed regulations will include emission of pollutants not now covered
by national ambient air standards or standards for hazardous air pollutants,
such as asbestos, berylluim, and mercury. Proposed regulations affect only
the 230 plants producing sulfuric acid, but EPA plans to issue a performance
standard for sources of emissions not now covered, e.g., fluorides emitted by
aluminum smelters and phosphate rock processing plants.
-290-
-------
*7-0011
ASBESTOS
Williams, Colin J. and Hawley, Robert E.
MONITORING EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS AIRBORNE DUSTS
Pollut. Eng. £ (10): 38-9 (1974)
Under the Target Health Hazards Program, initiated by OSHA in January 1972,
OSHA can make unannounced visits to plants to check records and test
employee exposure to chemicals. Sampling and monitoring equipment are
described briefly. Target pollutants include lead, carbon monoxide,
asbestos, silica, and cotton dust. The last three are sources of hazardous
microscopic particles that can promote lung disorders.
*7-0012
ASBESTOS
Anon
EXPANDED GOVERNMENT RESEARCH...
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (12):.965 (Nov. 1974)
The FY 1974 Labor-HEW appropriation bill was amended by the Senate to fund a
3-year study of health hazards from industrial and household chemicals,
including the potential hazards from drinking water that is contaminated by
asbestos. NIOSH and the Natl. Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences can
expect a 25% increase in funding.
-291-
-------
*7-0013
ASBESTOS
Reeves, Andrew, et al
INHALATION CARCINOGENESIS FROM VARIOUS FORMS OF ASBESTOS
Environ. Res. 8. (2): 178-202 (Oct. 1974)
In a 2-year study, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, gerbils, and mice inhaled
asbestos fibers (chrysotile, crocidolite, or amosite) at mean atmospheric
concentrations of 47.9-50.2 mg/m3. All species experienced moderate fibrosis,
with chrysotile-exposed animals being the least affected. Two bronchial
papillary carcinomas developed in mice, but were not felt to be directly
induced by asbestos. In rats, however, there was a 7-9% incidence of cancer
from all three forms of asbestos, including amosite, which had earlier been
reported to be less carcinogenic than the other fibers. Apparently, different
etlologic principles are involved in asbestos-caused lung cancer and plural
mesothelioma.
*7-0014
ASBESTOS
Anon
ASBESTOS PRECEDENT?
Chem. Wk. 115 (18): 13 (Oct. 30, 1974)
A Supreme Court ruling to let stand a lower court award of $79,000 to the
widow of an insulation worker, who died of mesothelioma, an asbestos-related
lung cancer, may make CPI companies more vulnerable to product liability suits.
Explicit warnings of possible hazards to workers are necessary, the judge ruled.
-292-
-------
*7-0015
ASBESTOS
EPA
ASBESTOS AND MERCURY, PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS
Fed. Reg. 39_ (208, Part II): 38064-73 (Oct. 25, 1974)
In weighing the environmental impact of these proposed amendments, the
Administrator deemed that the beneficial effects outweighed any potentially
adverse effects that were considered.
ASBESTOS
See: 7-0006, Arsenic
-293-
-------
BENZIDINE
See: 7-0006, Arsenic
See also: 7-0028, Haloethers
-294-
-------
BORON
See: 7-0008, Arsenic
-295-
-------
7-0016
DIOXANE
Hellman, Thomas M. and Small, Francis H.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ODOR PROPERTIES OF 101 PETROCHEMICALS USING SENSORY
METHODS
Air Pollut. Contr. Ass. J. 2A_ (10): 979-82 (1974)
In measuring air pollutants, odorants present a peculiar problem, depending to a
great degree on human subjective response. Described here is the use of a selected
odor panel and the use of an "odor fountain" method, which promises accurate
results via a simple, reproducible and fast technique. Results tabulated for
101 petrochemical compounds, including 1,4-dioxane, cover the absolute and
recognition thresholds, odor index, quality, and hedonic tone.
7-0017
DIOXANE
Harris, Lawrence et al
DIRECT ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FOR ORGANIC POLLUTANTS WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPH-
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Anal. Chem. 46/(13): 1912-17 (Nov. 1974)
Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography in combination with a computer
controlled mass spectrometry detector is a feasible adjunct to conventional
solvent analysis, making possible the unambiguous identification of volatile
organic pollutants in water and in wastewaters. The more than 30 compounds
analyzed by GC/MS included dioxane.
-296-
-------
7-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Hand, R. Chris et al
SPECIFIC CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUROALKANES ASSOCIATED WITH LETHAL VERSUS
REVERSIBLE CARDIAC TOXICITY
Abstract of paper presented at the American Heart Assoc., 47th Scientific
Sessions, Dallas, Texas, Nov. 18-21, 1974
For further information on the cardiac toxicity resulting from deliberate
inhalation of fluoralkanes, dogs were exposed to trichlorofluoromethane
(Freon 11). Under 14.9%, Freon 11 caused no detectable change in cardiac
conduction; between 15 and 21%, sino-atrial suppression resulted in
atrioventricular dissociation; while exposure to 21.5% or more caused
death from electrical asystole. [Abstract in: Circulation 49 and 50
(4, Supp.III): 147 (Oct. 1974)]
7-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Harris, Willard S. et al
CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THE CARDIAC TOXICITY OF AEROSOL PROPELLANTS
Abstract of paper presented at the American Heart Assoc., 47th Scientific
Sessions, Dallas, Texas, Nov. 18-21, 1974
In an effort to determine the cellular mechanism responsible for the cardiac
toxicity associated with Freon aerosol propellants, the effect of F-ll on
human erythrocyte membranes was studied, using the inhibition of hypotonic
hemolysis as a measure. Comparative studies were conducted on isolated rat
and cat papillary muscles. These studies indicated that F-ll depresses
ventricular myocardium; dissolves into membranes, depressing cellular
function; and should be eliminated from aerosols. [Abstract in: Circulation
49 and 50 (4, Supp.III): 178 (Oct. 1974)]
-297-
-------
7-0020
FLUOROCARBONS
Trochimowicz, H.J. et al
BLOOD LEVELS OF FLUOROCARBON RELATED TO CARDIAC SENSITIZATION: PART II
Amer, Ind. Hyg, Ass. J. 35 (10): 632-9 (1974)
Blood concentrations of three C? *luorocarbons trichlorofluoroethane (F-113),
dichlorotetrafluoroethane (F-114), and chloropentafluoroethane (F-115)
were measured in dogs during and after 10-minute inhalations. A rapid increase
in concentration occurred during the first 5 minutes; concentration then increased
slowly or not at all for the remaining exposure period. When exposure was
terminated, flurocarbon concentration decreased quickly, then declined more
slowly. Arterial-venous differences in concentrations, during and after exposure,
indicate a tissue uptake of fluorocarbons. Results, compared with the sensitizing
blood levels reported for C^ fluorocarbons (F-ll and 12), indicate that the
C2 fluorocarbons can sensitize dog heart at lower concentrations than the C^
compounds.
7-0021
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
AS THE UPSHOT...
Soap. Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 50_ (10): 22 (1974)
Aerosol manufacturers will support research, coordinated by the Manufacturing
Chemists Association, on various facets related to the possibility of ozone
depletion at high altitudes by aerosol fluorocarbon propellants. A recently
reported study (London and Kelly, in Nature, May 1974) indicated that the
concentration of ozone at high altitudes increased more than 7% in the 13-
year period of peak fluorocarbon production.
-298-
-------
7-0022
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MAN-MADE FLUOROCARBONS ARE SHOWING UP IN REMOTE AREAS OF THE WORLD
Environ. Sci. & Technol. £ (12): 966 (Nov. 1974)
U.S. Naval Res. Lab. reports finding the very biostable trichlorofluoromethane
in surface seawater. Air samples showed an average of 61 ppt between Los Angeles
and the Arctic in Nov-Dec 1972, and 120 ± 18 ppt near Spitsbergen,'Norway,
in Jan. 1974.
7-0023
FLUOROCARBONS
Kintner, Robert Roy
SUBTLE INTERACTIONS (Letter to Editor)
Env. 16 (9): 41 (Nov. 1974)
Two beauty salons in Sioux Falls, S. Dakota, ban aerosols because they burn
"out the furnace or heat exchangers". Other reports indicate the formation
of bis-chloromethyl ether, a known carcinogen where room air contains small
amounts of hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde.
The burn out of heat exchangers may result from degradation of Freons, which
may form hydrogen chloride and fluoride. The use of formaldehyde in beauty
salons to sanitize equipment opens the way for the possible co-existence
in beauty salons of formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, which could cause
the formation of bis-chloromethyl ether.
-299-
-------
7-0024
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FLUORINE PROPELLANTS: NO SUBSTITUTE
Sci. News 106 (18): 286 (Nov. 2, 1974)
Because of recent reports that chlorinated fluorocarbons may be affecting
the earth's protective ozone layer with the attendant suspicion that the
chlorine portion of the molecule is responsible for this effect, studies
are underway with nonchlorinated fluorocarbon propellants. Now, E. Heckel
and C.K. Chu, E. Carolina University, Greenville, N.C., report that when
fluorine containing ethanes and ethenes (some commercially used) are
exposed to energetic radiation (gamma rays), fluorine is released. The
fluorine combines with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which not only
can dissolve sand and etch glass but can cause ulceration of lung tissue
if inhaled even in small amounts. In the normal environment, there are
various energy sources that could cause fluorine propellants to dissociate.
Thus, large-scale use of fluorine propellants is not recommended.
-300-
-------
7-0025
HALOETHERS
Goodson, Ray
MORE ON BCME DANGER (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. 52 (42): 5 (Oct. 21, 1974)
Commenting on the spontaneous formation of bischloromethyl ether (BCME) from
formaldehyde and chloride ion, the author suggests that BCME, a powerful
carcinogen, might form in the stomach. He suggests that an oral dose
of the urinary antiseptic, hexamethylenetetramine, could react with the H30,
Cl, and formaldehyde of the stomach to yield BCME.
7-0026
HALOETHERS
Anon
OPERATING ROOMS TOXIC?
Chem. Wk. 115 (17): 26 (Oct. 23, 1974)
Female medical room personnel, exposed to such gases as nitrous oxide and halothane,
apparently have a higher than normal incidence of spontaneous abortions and
birth defects in offspring. Also, wives of physicians exposed to these gases
register an increase in birth defect rates. Exposed women also have a higher
rate of cancer (except lukemia and lympholma) than non-exposed women.
-301-
-------
7-0027
HALOETHERS
Stellman, Jeanne M.
SAFETY CAUTION WITH BCME [BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER] (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (25) :3 (1974)
Recently identified as a carcinogen by the Dept. of Labor, bis(chloromethyl) ether
can be formed by the reaction of formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, and by a
number of reactions that are sources of hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde,
e.g., HC1 and hexamethylenetetraamine; HC1 and a solution of paraformaldehyde
in sulfuric acid, or any acidic solution containing chloride ion and formaldehyde.
Therefore, caution should be exercised in working with such reactions.
7-0028
HALOETHERS
Anon
STANDARDS UNDER FIRE
Chem. Wk. 115 (18): 14 (Oct. 30, 1974)
On £he basis that there is no record that MOCA, methyl chloromethyl ether, and
3,3 -dichlorobenzidine have caused cancer in man, the Polyurethane Manufacturers
Assn. and the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Assn. have petitioned
the U.S. Court of Appeals in Philadelphia to set aside the OSHA-established
worker exposure standards for these chemicals.
-302-
-------
HALOETHERS
See: 7-0006, Arsenic
7-0023, Fluorocarbons
-303-
-------
MOCA
See: 7-0028, Haloethers
-304-
-------
*7-0029
HYDRAZINE
Anon
HEALTH RISKS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE...
Chem. Eng. News 52. (44): 6 (Nov. 4, 1974)
The General Accounting Office wants EPA and FDA to continue examining the
potential health hazards of maleic hydrazide, but those two agencies
evidently are not convinced that there is enough evidence to warrant
an in-depth review now of this pesticide, considering their "limited
research resources".
-305-
-------
7-0030
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Strelzoff, Samuel
MAKE AMMONIA FROM COAL
Hydrocarbon Process. 53. (10): 133-5 (1974)
The technology and economics of making ammonia from coal are compared with processes
using natural gas, naphtha and heavy fuel oil. World ammonia capacity by 1978
should be 77 million tons, requiring the use of all possible feedstocks. Because
other petrochemicals are expected to capture most of the available naphtha, heavy
fuel oil, and LPG, coal should find an increasing market but adaption of coal
technology to modern synthesis gas generating plants argues for coal's competitive
position.
7-0031
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Buividas, L.J. et al
ALTERNATE AMMONIA FEEDSTOCKS
Chem. Eng. Prog. 70 (10): 21-35 (1974)
Technical and economic factors governing the production of ammonia are reviewed
on the basis of feedstock availability and price. For North America and Europe,
natural gas feed should be the source of most of the ammonia produced, unless
the price of natural gas approaches $1.00/MM Btu. Then, feedstocks such as
heavy oil and coal will be considered.
-306-
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7-0032
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE
Energy Resources Rept. 2^ (41): 400 (Oct. 4, 1974)
Among Office of Coal Research Reports available from Supt. of Documents,
GPO, Washington, D.C., 20402:
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT DESIGN
Ralph M. Parsons Co., Interim Rept. 3 (GPO No. I63.10:82/Int.
3, @ 65c)
APPLICATION STUDY OF A NUCLEAR COAL SOLUTION GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR
OKLAHOMA COAL
State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, R&D Final Rept. No. 86
(GPO No. 163.10:86, @$7.50)
LOW-Btu GASIFICATION OF COAL FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
Combustion Engineering, Inc., R&D Rept. No. 83, Interim
Rept. No. 1 (GPO No. I63.10:83/Int. 1, @$8.35)
7-0033
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Battelle Memorial Institute
LIQUEFACTION AND CHEMICAL REFINING OF COAL
Battelle Energy Information Center, 505 King Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43201
Battelle Memorial Institute offers the second of two state-of-the-art studies
on coal conversion, "Liquefaction and Chemical Refining of Coal." Available
from Battelle Energy Information Center, 505 King Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43201.
-307-
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7-0034
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
COAL LIQUEFACTION OUTLOOK DESCRIBED
Hydrocarbon Process. _5_3 (10): 19 (1974)
Gulf Research operates two bench-scale plants capable of converting small
amounts of coal into liquid fuel; has started work on a pilot plant; claims
high price of crude makes liquefaction of coal economically feasible. The
ton-a-day pilot plant should cost about $1.5 million to construct. Company
is taking all necessary precautions to insure environmental protection.
7-0035
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
CONTROL SNG POLLUTION WITH PRESENT TECHNOLOGY
Hydrocarbon Process. ^3_ (10): 19 (1974)
Waste products from the various coals used in the Synthane process are analyzed in
BuMines TPR-76, "Analysis of Tars, Chars, Gases, and Water Found in Effluents from
the Synthane Process". Current technology makes it possible to control the
contaminants (e.g. carbolic acid, cyanide, and sulfur) in the alkaline byproduct
water from coal-based SNG, but new techniques may have to be developed to meet
future pollution control requirements. Existing techniques for cleaning waste
gases emanating from coal-conversion processes are adequate.
-308-
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7-0036
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Little, Michael A. and Friedman, Sharon M., eds.
MAN IN THE ECOSYSTEM
Proc. of a Conference, Organized by the Human Adaptability Coordinating Office
of the U.S. Natl. Comm. for the International Biological Program, held in Anna-
polis, Md., May 23-25, 1973. (Oct., 1973)
This first of two conferences, organized to ensure the continuation of man-envi-
ronment research based on the concept of multidisciplinary and integrated studies
had as its theme how to "incorporate man as an integral component of ecosystems
studies."
7-0037
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Jamison, Paul L. and Friedman, Sharon M., eds.
ENERGY FLOW IN HUMAN COMMUNITIES
Proc. of a Workshop, Sponsored by the Human Adaptability Coordinating Office,
U.S. Internatl. Biological Program, and the Committee on the Biological Bases
of Social Behavior, Social Science Res. Council, held in N.Y.C., Jan. 30-Feb.
1, 1974. (Aug., 1974)
Energy flow studies were recommended by participants in a 1973 "Man in the Eco-
system" conference as a means of integrating the study of human communities with
the study of the surrounding ecosystems. Included are papers on the implications
of energy flow studies for the fields of ecology,, human biology and social science;
case studies emphasizing methodology; and associated methodological and technical
problems.
-309-
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NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 7-0006, Arsenic
-310-
-------
*7-0038
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Keplinger, M.L. et al
TOXICOLOGIC STUDIES OF FOUR FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2]_ (3): 494-506 (1974)
Four fluorescent whitening agents, sodium 2(4-styryl-3-sulfophenyl)-2H-naphtho-
[l,2-d]-triazole (Tinopal RBS), disodium 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morpholino-l,3,5-
triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (Tinopal AMS), disodium'4,4'-bis[[4-
anilino-6-(N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]stilbene-2,2'-
disulfonate (Tinopal 5BM), and disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl) biphenyl
(Tinopal CBS) were found to have low toxicity orally, dermally, and by inha-
lation in animal studies. No adverse teratogenic or mutagenic effects occurred.
None of the compounds caused irritation or sensitization in the human repeated
insult patch test. It is concluded that users of household detergents contain-
ing these widely-used FWA's can anticipate no hazards from them.
*7-0039
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Anon
PEARLESCENT PIGMENT
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 50_ (10): 137 (Oct., 1974)
Mallinckrodt offers "Pearl-Glo UVR", as the first pure bismuth oxychloride
pearlescent pigment providing resistance to UV light with no need for UV
absorbers. The new product disperses easily, adheres well to the skin,
and is recommended for such cosmetics as eye shadows and blushers, lipsticks
and lip glosses in pressed powders, gels, and other forms.
-311-
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*7-0040
PHTHALATES
Lyman, Donald J. et al
TOXICOLOGY OF PLASTIC DEVICES HAVING CONTACT WITH BLOOD
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Coll. of Pharmacy. Interim Kept. Aug. 24, 1972-May
1, 1974. (May 1974) (NIH/NHLI-73-2908-B Grant PHS-73-2908)
Toxicological evaluation of PVC and the plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP), concentrated on long range, subtle toxicity potential,
but basic acute and subacute studies are also used. Plastic composition
studies, metabolite identification, teratogenic studies, analysis of human
blood exposed to plastics during hospital procedures are among the studies
covered. Plastic components containing DEHP are toxic to L-929 cells in
tissue culture. Also, DEHP seems to prevent implantation of fertilized
ova in rats and mice, to affect rate and amplitude of contractions in
isolated rat hearts, and to be hydrolyzed in vitro by liver microsomes
and mitochondria but not by cytosol. [Abstract in: Govt. Reports
Announcements 74. (19): 46 (Sept. 20, 1974)]
*7-0041
PHTHALATES
Sugawara, Naoki
TOXIC EFFECT OF A NORMAL SERIES OF PHTHALATE ESTERS ON THE HATCHING OF SHRIMP
EGGS
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 30 (1): 87-9 (Oct. 1974)
Because aquatic ecosystems show an increasing presence of phthalate esters, the
effects of the hatching of brine shrimp eggs were studied, using five compounds:
dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP),
dihexyl phthalate (DHP), and dioctyl phthalate (OOP). At 10 ppm, neither DMP
nor DEP caused any significant effects, but at 50 ppm of DEP a significant de-
crease in the number of eggs hatched was noted. Order of toxicity was DBP>DEP>
DMP.
-312-
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7-0042
POLYURETHANES
Anon
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR RECYCLING POLYURETHANE FOAM SCRAP
Chem. Eng. News 52. <44) : 18 (Nov- 4» 1974>
General Motors' new process for recycling polyurethane foam scrap involves
thermal hydrolysis of finely divided scrap material in superheated steam at
1 atm and 600°F. Polyols and a diamine in the resulting liquid are recovered
and recycled for foam manufacture. Process is similar to one Ford inaugurated
in 1972, which hydrolyzes in water at 400°F.
-313-
-------
7-0043
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Kilburn, Paul D. and Legatskl, Max W.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING STARTS WITH PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Hydrocarbon Process. J>3 (10): 95-8 (1974)
Article reviews Colony's project to recover crude from shale as an illustration
of good environmental planning. Discusses briefly the shale oil process, air
quality control, water quality, disposal of processed shale, and community and
regional planning.
[N.B.-Colony recently announced it was suspending its plans for construction of
country's planned first commercial oil shale plant. (See: CATS 6-0034)]
7-0044
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
SHELL OIL WANTS OUT OF CANADIAN TAR SANDS
Chem. Wk. 115 (19): 19 (Nov. 6, 1974)
Shell Explorer, the wholly owned subsidiary of Shell Oil in the U.S., wants
to sell its 50% interest in the project to develop the Athabasca tar sands
in Alberta, Canada. Reason given: not enough crude oil may be available
for export to the U.S. Alberta had just recently announced postponement
of its tar sands development policy. About $1.5 billion in initial
outlay would be required to start production, according to Shell.
-314-
-------
7-0045
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
FEA CITES ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT TRADEOFFS IN PROJECT INDEPENDENCE 'BLUEPRINT'
Land and the Environ. 2_ (23): 181 (Nov. 15, 1974)
Reviewing the pros and cons of alternative energy possibilities, the Federal
Energy Administration's "Project Independence Report," released 12 Nov. 1974,
considers the environmental impact of oil shale development. Excessive demands
on water supplies in the Rocky Mountain States, serious solid waste disposal
problems, and an effect on water quality are among considerations. Production
of 1 million barrels/day would disrupt about 29,000 acres.
-315-
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7-0046
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
AIR-JET VENTILATION TO PROTECT WORKERS FROM VCM EXPOSURE
Chem. Wk. 115 (19): 35 (Nov. 6, 1974)
KemaNord's PVC plant, Stockvim, Sweden, will try air-jet ventilation to protect
workers from exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. Using 1 in. to 2 in. nozzles,
like those found in sterile operating rooms in hospitals, KemaNord expects to
ventilate its plant to meet Sweden's new 1-ppm VCM exposure limit.
In Norway, Norsk Hydro will reopen its Heroya PVC plant, making PVC in closed
autoclaves.' After a trial run, which hopefully will permit production of PVC
within permitted emissions limit, the entire Heroya plant will be rebuilt.
7-0047
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VCM WASTE IS NOT FOR BURNING
Chem. Wk. 115 (19): 31 (Nov. 6, 1974)
B.F. Goodrich Chemical has switched from high-temperature incineration to an
in-house-developed fluid bed catalytic oxidation"unit to destroy the (25
million Ib/yr) hard-to-dispose-of chlorinated wastes generated at its 1
billion Ibs/yr vinyl chloride monomer plant at Calvert City, Ky. The system
also saves energy and recovers chlorine.
-316-
-------
7-0048
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SWEDEN HAS FOLLOWED THE U.S. LEAD ON VINYL CHLORIDE EXPOSURE LIMITS
Chera. Wlc. 115 (18): 31 (Oct. 30, 1974)
Sweden's Occupational Health and Safety Board has established a 1-ppm maximum
exposure limit (for an 8-hr workday) for VCM, effective 1 Jan. 1975. KemaNord
doubts that it can comply, although the company has met the current 20-ppm
limit; will seek a variance.
7-0049
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
BFG TO CUT VINYL CHLORIDE EXPOSURE
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (45): 5 (Nov. 11, 1974)
B.F. Goodrich will spend $42 million in the next three to four years to reduce
vinyl chloride concentrations in its plants "to the lowest levels attainable
with currently feasible technology," but claims that even with that expenditure
it will not be able to meet OSHA's standards of 1 and 5 ppm.
Workers at Uniroyal's PVC plant, Painesville, Ohio, are on strike, after asking
for a 75
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 7-0006, Arsenic
*7-0040, Phthalates
-318-
-------
7-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
POWER PLANTS MAY BE MAJOR OZONE SOURCE
Chem. Eng. News 5£ (43): 22, 27 (Oct. 28, 1974)
The source of ozone, which may be the one pollutant most injurious to vegetation,
has not yet been clearly delineated. Recent studies indicate that the source
is probably electric power generating plants. Apparently, the sulfur dioxides
and nitrogen oxides produced participate in an unusual series of free radical
reactions .that ultimately produce high ozone levels far from the plant sites.
Airborne samplings tests were made by scientists at the University of Maryland,
College Park.
7-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Passwater, Richard A.
ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 5_2 (43): 3 (Oct. 28, 1974)
To protect against the possibility of skin cancer from the potential reduction
of the protective atmospheric ozone layer, the author points out that Vitamin E
(tocopherol) has been shown to protect laboratory animals against skin cancer
induced by either carcinogens or ultraviolet radiation.
-319-
-------
7-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
Kaplan, S.J. and Kivy-Rosenberg, E., eds.
ECOLOGY AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Charles C. Thomas, 301-327 E. Lawrence Ave., Springfield, 111. 62717.
1974. 308pp. $14.75
Air and water pollutants are discussed in relation to their sources, control, and
health and economic effects all on a global scale.
7-0053
GENERAL INFORMATION
Alarie, Y. et al
SENSORY IRRITATION EVOKED BY PLASTIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
Amer. Ind. Hyg. Ass. J. 3.5 (10): 654-61 (1974)
Polystyrene sheets, polystyrene foams, and polycarbonate sheets were burned under
conditions described, and the effects of their decomposition products on mice
were examined. On the basis of RDcg values and the resulting dose-response
relationship, transparent polystyrene evoked the greatest sensory irritation,
followed by styrofoam, and then by polycarbonate. Addition of diphenylamino-
chloroarsine, a known sensory irritant, to polystyrene before burning, reaction
time and degree of reaction was similar to that of untreated polystyrene, but
recovery after termination of exposure was slower. The method was judged to
be satisfactory for measuring one of the actions of combustion products on one
part of the respiratory tract.
-320-
-------
7-0054
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
HOW TO SAMPLE PESTICIDES SMOKE CIGARETTES
N.Y. State Environ. 4. (5) : 3 (Nov. 1, 1974)
Pesticide residues on cigarette tobaccos may reach the smoker's lungs, according
to Dr. H.W. Dorough, Univ. of Kentucky. The pesticides are not trapped by normal
filters in cigarettes, nor are they affected by the 850° C temperatures at the
tips of a burning cigarette.
7-0055
GENERAL INFORMATION
Clark, Robert C., Jr. et al
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE SHELLFISH
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (12): 1009-14 (Nov. 1974)
Mussels, and to a lesser degree, oysters experienced physiological stress,
degeneration of gill tissue, and uptake of paraffin hydrocarbons after
exposure to the effluent from a two-cycle outboard motor. Apparently,
small amounts of petroleum may be harmful to mussels; chronic exposures
may adversely affect oysters.
-321-
-------
7-0056
GENERAL INFORMATION
Shea, Kevin P.
NERVE DAMAGE
Env. 16 (9): 6-10 (Nov. 1974)
An insecticide, known in Egypt as leptophos and in the U.S. as Phosvel, which
is manufactured by Velsicol Chemical Company, is now being considered for
registration in the U.S. The author points out that this insecticide may have
caused a mysterious epidemic of paralysis of water buffaloes in Egypt in 1971,
when 1200 to 1300 animals died. The delayed neurotoxic effects of Phosvel
make its handling hazardous; its persistance, its relatively low immediate
toxicity, and the fact that a victim may not sense the fact of exposure to a
paralyzing dose indicate potential hazards from widespread use.
Mention is made of previous human poisonings from tri-ortho-cresylphosphate
(TOCP), which is a delayed nerve poisoning chemical, used as a plasticizer
or in applications requiring high-temperature resistant oils.
7-0057
GENERAL INFORMATION
Darmer, Kenneth Let al
ACUTE TOXICITY IN RATS AND MICE EXPOSED TO HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS AND AEROSOLS
Amer. Ind. Hyg. Ass. J. 35_ (10): 623-31 (1974)
Rats and mice were exposed to varying concentrations of HC1 gas and HC1 aerosol
for periods of 5 and 30 minutes to establish the acute toxicity (LC50) values
of HC1, which is a combustion product of some rocket and missile engines.
Another study objective was to assess the potential hazard of the aerosol foam
versus the gaseous. Both forms exhibited comparable toxicity in rats and
mice, acting primarily on the respiratory tract. When compared with other
results of HC1 gas toxicity in rabbits and guinea pigs, the gas produces
comparable toxicity in mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs, but affects rats to
a lesser degree.
-322-
-------
7-0058
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EPA TO HOLD HEARINGS ON PLUTONIUM REGULATIONS
Sci. & Government Rept. IV (19): 8 (Nov. 1, 1974)
EPA has set December 10, 1974, as the date for public hearings on the adequacy
of regulations governing release of plutonium into the environment. Topics to
be covered include the health effects of exposure to plutonium, whether AEC's
standards are based on correct biological data, etc.
7-0059
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WATER CHLORINATION, CANCER LINK FOUND
Chem. Eng. News 52^ (45): 5 (Nov. 11, 1974)
Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, reported by EPA to be present in the ppb
range of concentration in the drinking waters of Cincinnati and New Orleans,
have shown carcinogenic effects in animals but, as yet, not in humans. EPA
plans to study the extent of the chemical contribution of chlorination to
drinking water; indicates other organic chlorinated compounds may add to the
chlorine in the water. One scientist questions the possibility chloroform
or carbon tetrachloride being carcinogenic.
-323-
-------
7-0060
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
TRACE METAL POLLUTANTS IN WATER CAN BE DETECTED
Chem. Eng. News 52. (*5) : 13 (Nov- U» 1974>
X-ray fluorescence, previously used to detect air contaminants, can also serve
for the quantitative analysis of trace metals in water, according to the Naval
Research Lab. The technique is useful for metals of higher atomic weight than
calcium.
7-0061
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
THE MYSTERY . . .
Env. 16_ (9) : 22 (Nov. 1974)
Dioxin, a contaminant of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, has been pinpointed as the
cause of animal deaths and illness in two young girls, all occurring in eastern
Missouri for a 2-year period starting in 1971. The contaminated herbicide was
traced to a salvaged motor oil used as a dust damper in local horse stables.
The high concentration of dioxin in the herbicide suggests that use of that
herbicide batch would have presented a public hazard.
-324-
-------
7-0062
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SPECIFY TEST PROCEDURES. . .
Chem. Wk. 115 (18): 31 (Oct. 30, 1974)
A $3-millipn suit brought by New Jersey's Dept. of Environmental Protection
against Midland Glass for emissions of particulates above permitted levels
was dismissed by the Superior Court because the DEP had not specified the
particular monitoring procedure that should have been used. Three different
monitoring methods were available.
-325-
-------
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: *7-0010, Asbestos
*7-0015, Asbestos
.7-0058, General Information
-326-
-------
8-0001
ARSENIC
Natusch, David F.S. and Wallace, John R.
URBAN AEROSOL TOXICITY: THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE
Science 186 (4165): 695-9 (Nov. 22, 1974)
The potential toxicity of urban aerosols is governed to a great extent by parti-
cle size, and is dependent upon the particular chemical species (e.g., lead cad-
mium, antimony) of respirable particles. Another contributing factor is surface
adsorption. Smaller particles, particularly those less than 1 Wn in size, tend
to be more toxic than larger particles. In general, organic species, which are
very likely to be adsorbed, predominate in particles which are deposited pri-
marily in the lung. Arsenic is one of the many potentially toxic trace elements
discussed in light of the above considerations.
8-0002
ARSENIC
Anon
A BARRAGE OF NEW WORKPLACE EXPOSURE STANDARDS FOR CHEMICALS...
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 14 (Nov. 27, 1974)
OSHA is readying a series of proposed workplace exposure standards for benzene,
beryllium, lead, arsenic, trichloroethylene, and toluene diisocyanate to be
announced within a month or so. Later, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and
mercury will be added to the list. Currently, emphasis is on benzene to which
2 million workers may be exposed.
-327-
-------
8-0003
ARSENIC
Anon
CRACKDOWN ON ARSENIC
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 22 (Nov. 27, 1974)
The no-detectable limit for inorganic arsenic in the workplace recently
recommended by NIOSH follows studies implicating arsenic as a carcinogen.
Records indicate that former workers of Dow Chemical and Allied Chemical,
who had been exposed to arsenic, had a high incidence of lung and lymphatic
cancer.
As many as 1.5 million workers in the U.S. may be exposed to arsenic
which is used at the rate of 25,000-30,000 tons/year. Possible sources
of exposure: textile printing, dye manufacture, glass making, defoliants,
pesticides, and herbicides.
8-0004
ARSENIC
Knoth, W.
COMMENTS REGARDING THE PAPER "MULTIPLE BASAL CELL CARCINOMA CAUSED BY ARSENIC
IN THE FETAL PERIOD"
Der Hautarzt 25. (9) : 459 (Sept. 1974) (in German)
The author comments on the paper of the above title, by H.J. Aldick and H. Fabry,
which appeared in "Der Hautarzt 24, 496 (1973) and was the report of a 32-year
old man with multiple basal cell carcinoma whose mother as a psoriatic evidenced
"Fowler-loss" in her pregnancy. Mention is made of tests (re "Fowler-loss") by
G. Ehlers et al in 1965 on mice. The experiments showed that the test-time of
the birth of the young mice of the "psor-intern" and Fowler groups was important
especially with regard to the occurrence of metastatic tumors. (Rough translation)
-328-
-------
8-0005
1 ARSENIC
LaFleur, P.O.
REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Natl. Bur. Stds. Final Rept., Dec., 1973 (NBSIR-73-406)(COM-74-11352/3GA)
The preparation of a number of reference materials for the analysis of trace
elements in biological standards is described. The standards produced include
mercury in urine at three concentration levels, five elements (Se, Cu, As, Ni,
Cr) in freeze-dried urine at two levels, fluorine in freeze-dried urine at
two levels, and lead in whole blood at two concentration levels. These
reference materials have been analyzed for the element(s) of interest by one
or more analytical techniques, and are supplied with known concentration levels.
[Abstract in: Govt. Repts. Announcement _74. (20): 53 (Oct. 4, 1974)]
-329-
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*8-0006
ASBESTOS
(Production)
Anon
UC REDUCES PHENOLIC LINE
Mod. Plast. 51 (11): 142 (Nov. (1974)
Asbestos-filled heat-resistant materials will join one-step phenolic molding
materials as discontinued products of Union Carbide Corp., Bound Brook, N.J.
Continued production would require excessive additional capital investment.
*8-0007
ASBESTOS
Anon
U.S. DECISION TO PERMIT CONSUMPTION OF SALT FROM CHLORINE MANUFACTURE...
Chem. Wk. 115 (21): 63 (Nov. 20, 1974)
The Salt Institute and the Ralph Nader-sponsored Maryland Public Interest
Research Group have joined forces in protesting FDA's decision to permit
chlorine manufacturing companies to offer salt left over from their
electrolytic process as table salt. Because of an asbestos diaphragm
used in chlorine manufacture, they claim that the left-over salt could contain
up to 333 ppm by weight of asbestos, a proven airborne carcinogen. More
information is needed on the effects of asbestos in food and water.
-330-
-------
*8-0008
ASBESTOS
Anon
TABLE SALT;CONTAMINATED WITH ASBESTOS PARTICLES? . .. ;
Chem. Eng. 81 (25): 36 (Nov. 25, 1974) ,
FDA is readying a fo'rmal response to an'accusation by the Salt Institute and
a Nader group that FDA1 is permitting asbestos .contamination by allowing ...
chlorine'manufacturers- to 'sell salt left over from'chlorine manufacture/
(in which an asbestos1 diaphragm is used); FDA claims that all such salt,. *
sold as food-grade, Would have to meet'purity.specifications, and that new
analytical methods permit detection of small amounts of asbestos.
According to the Chlorine Institute, most manufacturers would prefer to
recycle salt to the chlorine cells than to sell it.
ASBESTOS
See also: 8-0042, Vinyl Chloride
-331-
-------
8-0009
BORON
Spielholtz, Gerald I. et al
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BORON IN SEA WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Mikrochimica Acta, No.4, 649-52 (1974)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy can provide a simple, fast, and accurate
means for detecting boron in sea water, if the water sample is boiled to
concentrate the boron, and the boiling is followed by chelation and extraction
with 2-ethyl-l,3-hexanediol in methyl iso-butyl ketone. The method is accurate,
when checked against a standard colorimetric method.
-332-
-------
8-0010
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Jackson, Ted F. and Halbert, F.L.
A TOXIC SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH THE FEEDING OF POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL-CONTAMI-
NATED PROTEIN CONCENTRATE TO DAIRY CATTLE
J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 165 (5): 437-9 (Sept. 1, 1974)
Anorexia, decreased milk production, lameness, liver abscesses, and deaths in a
Michigan dairy herd traced to feed found to contain a polybrominated biphenyl,
a compound used as a flame retardant in the textile industry.
-333-
-------
8-0011
DIQXANE
Kociba, R.J. et al
1,4-DIOXANE. I. RESULTS OF A 2-YEAR INGESTION STUDY IN RATS
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharaacol. 3£ (2): 275-86 (Nov., 1974)
Toxic effects of 1,4-dioxane were dose-related, according to this study in which
rats were given drinking water containing 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0% of the compound
for up to 716 days. Body weights of rats receiving the two lower doses did not
differ significantly from the controls. Weights of rats receiving 1.0% (1015
and 1599 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) were significantly
lowered, although liver weight and liver weight: body weight ratio were higher.
Post-mortem examination of the tissues of rats given the two higher doses showed
renal tubular epithelial and hepatocellular degeneration, which was accompanied
by regenerative activity. Rats maintained on the 0.01% dioxane in water ex-
perienced none of these changes. Rats receiving water containing 1.0% dioxane
had the highest incidence of hepatic tumors, and some nasal tumors. The lower
dose did not seem to induce tumors.
8-0012
DIOXANE
Torkelson, T.R. et al
1,4-DIOXANE. II. RESULTS OF A 2-YEAR INHALATION STUDY IN RATS
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 30 (2): 287-98 (Nov., 1974)
Demeanor, growth and mortality rate did not seem to be affected, when rats
inhaled 1,4-dioxane at 111 ppm for 7 hr/day for 5 days/week over a 2 year
period. No untoward hematological effects, lesions, hepatic or nasal
carcinomas were noted. There was no significant statistical difference
in the incidence of tumors, compared to controls.
-334-
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8-0013
ETHYLENEIMINE
Roberts, Earl J. and Rowland, Stanley P.
FLAME RETARDATION OF TEXTILES BY CROSSLINKING HALO PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WITH POLY-
ETHYLENIMINE
Dept. Agr., Wash., D.C. [Pat. Appl. filed Jan. 11, 1974.(Pat. 01-260-932)](Pat-
Appl-432 801)
The patent application relates to a method of chemically modifying polyethyl-
enimine by formulating it with chlorine-containing organic phosphorus compounds.
Polymers are obtained which may be crosslinked in fabrics composed of cellulosic
and other fibers to form polymers which are insoluble in water, acids, and
bases, as well as organic solvents. The in situ crosslinked polyethylenimine
formulations are useful for imparting flame retardance to combustible fabrics
textiles, for removing acidic substances from liquids or gases, and for
complexing heavy metals for aqueous solutions. An exemplary chlorophosphorus
compound is tris-(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate. [Abstract in: Govt. Repts.
Announcements, p.123 (Oct. 4, 1974)]
-335-
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8-0014
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
A PROCESS FOR LAMINATING PANELS WITH FROTHING ISOCYANURATE FOAMS ....
Chem. Wk. 115 (21): 64 (Nov. 20, 1974)
Rubicon Chemicals, Naugatuck, Conn., announces a new method, Rubifroth, for
laminating panels with frothing isocyanurate foams. The resulting product, in
which the foam is sandwiched between panels of flat steel, corrugated polyester
glass-fiber, aluminum, hardboard, etc., is claimed to be more fire resistant
than rigid urethane foam. Twelve firms have signed a no-charge, secrecy,
agreement for use of the method.
8-0015
FLAME RETARDANTS
(Markets)
Anon
FLAME RETARDANTS, Ag-CHEMICALS FUEL BROMINE SALES
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 26-7 (Nov. 27, 1974)
Decline in bromine use in anti-knock compounds is offset by such markets as
flame retardants, agricultural chemicals and water and sewage treatment. World
market for brominated flame retardants may grow to at least 4 times the 1973
level, believed to be 65 million Ibs. worth $30 million.
-336-
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FLAME RETARDANTS
See: 8-0010, Brominated Biphenyls
8-0013, Ethyleneimine
-337-
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8-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Bussard, David A. et al
FETAL CHANGES IN HAMSTERS ANESTHETIZED WITH NITROUS OXIDE AND HALOTHANE
Anesthesiology 41 (3): 275-8 (Sept. 1974)
Inhalation by pregant hamsters of 60% nitrous oxide plus 0.6% halothane
for 3 hr/day on days 9-11 of gestation resulted in a significant increase
in resorptions in those anesthetized on day 11. Hamsters anesthetized on
days 10 and 11 showed decreased fetal weight and indications of developmental
retardation.' Although these data cannot be exactly extrapolated to humans,
they indicate that, when possible, administration of inhalation anesthetics
should be avoided during early pregnancy in humans.
8-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
INDUSTRY RESEARCH
Aerosol Age 19_ (11): 8 (1974)
The Aerosol Education Board reported at the Inter-Industry Aerosol Safety
Conference, Washington, D.C. on six studies. Completed studies include:
exposure of humans with no adverse effects to one, two and eight hours of
varying concentrations of propellent 11 or 12 or a mixture of the two
(at OSHA level), under the direction of Dr. Richard Stewart, Medical College
of Wisconsin; attempt by Dr. David Blake, Johns Hopkins University, to
identify any chemicals formed by fluorocarbon propellents if they were to
react to body chemicals, in which tests on animals and humans showed none of
these chemicals, or metabolites, and revealed no long-term storage of gases
in the organs or fluids of the body; and a study by Dr. Nancy Flowers,
Medical College of Georgia, to determine reversible and irreversible limits
for fluorocarbon effects on the cardiac electrical system.
-338-
-------
8-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
PRESSURE ON AEROSOLS
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 22 (Nov. 27, 1974)
The Natural Resources Defense Council requested the Consumer Product Safety
Commission to ban the use of fluorocarbon aerosol spray propellents, citing
the potential of a 16% depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer within 25
years with the ensuing result of 100,000 to 300,000 additional cases of skin
cancer in the U.S. and 500,000 to 1.5 million worldwide.
8-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
THREAT TO THE SEASON IN THE SUN? '
Chem. Wk. 115 (21): 68, 71 (Nov. 20, 1974)
Brief review of the controversy over fluorocarbon aerosol/ozone depletion
and of the research underway to determine validity of the thesis. B.M.
Hunten of the National Science Foundation's Kitt Peak Observatory wants to
ban the use of chlorofluoromethanes, estimated U.S. production of which was
831 million Ibs. in 1973 and 403 million Ibs. in the first six months of 1974.
-339-
-------
8-0020
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
EXPLORING STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
Aerosol Age 19 (11): 14-15, 41 (1974)
Industry-sponsored research on fluorocarbons, administered by the Manufac-
turing Chemists Association, has to date shown no evidence of any harmful
effect of fluorocarbons on the environment, but rather a stability, even
under intense radiation, in the presence of natural and man-made pollutants.
-340-
-------
8-0021
HALOETHERS
Anon
DRINKING-WATER SUPPLY IS IMPLICATED IN CANCER-RELATED STUDIES. . .
Chem. Eng. 81 (25): 36 (Nov. 25, 1974)
EPA reports the findings of trace amounts of 66 organic chemicals, some of which
are potential carcinogens, in New Orleans drinking water. Compounds mentioned
included dieldrin, chloronitrobehzene, and bis-chloroethyl ether. Possible
sources: effluents from chemical plants, agricultural runoff to the Mississippi,
or chlorinated compounds resulting from chlorination of water supplies. Similar
findings are reported for several other localities.
Additionally, a New Orleans Environmental Defense Fund study indicates that
there are 15 to 25% fewer deaths from cancer (excluding lung cancer) among
local white males drinking water from groundwater sources than among those
drinking Mississippi water.
Item in entirety
8-0022
HALOETHERS
Wong, Eugene G.C. et al
NEPHROTOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF METHOXYFLURANE
Nephron 13. (2): 174-82 (1974)
Methoxyflurane anesthesia caused acute renal failure in two patients, who
developed polyuria immediately after anesthesia and then became markedly
oliguric 7-10 days later. Diuresis occurred after several weeks with slow
recovery of adequate renal function.
-341-
-------
8-0023
HALOETHERS
Saarnivaara, L. and Rosenberg, P.H.
CARDIORESPIRATORY AND RENAL EFFECTS OF METHOXYFLURANE ANAESTHESIA IN MIDDLE
EAR OPERATIONS
Anaesthesist 23_ (8): 334-9 (1974)
No untoward cardiovascular or renal effects were noted in a study of 25 healthy
premedicated patients who were administered methoxyflurane anesthesia for
middle ear operations.
-342-
-------
8-0024
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Stonard, M.D.
EXPERIMENTAL HEPATIC PORPHYRIA INDUCED BY HEXACHLOROBENZENE AS A MODEL FOR
HUMAN SYMPTOMATIC PORPHYRIA
Br. J. Haematology 27. (4): 617-25 (Aug. 1974)
An outbreak of human symptomatic porphyria in Turkey, which was traced to
ingestion of wheat that had been treated with the fungicide hexachlorobenzene
(HCB), led to animal studies that showed that chronic ingestion of HCB produces
a disturbance of porphyrin metabolism. In the rat, this disturbance was
similar to that of human symptomatic cutaneous hepatic porphyria.
In the study reported here, rats fed diets containing HCB for 45 days showed
a marked increase in liver to body weight ratio and progessive accumulation
of HCB in the liver. Continued feeding caused a disturbance of porphyrin
metabolism. Biochemical similarities between the human disease and the
experimental HCB model were confirmed, indicating the usefulness of the
HCB model for study of the human disease.
-343-
-------
8-0025
HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
Sehwetz, B.A. et al
REPRODUCTION STUDY IN JAPANESE QUAIL FED HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE FOR 90 DAYS
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 30 (2): 255-65 (Nov., 1974)
Japanese quail fed diets containing from 0.3 to 30 ppm of hexachlorobutadiene
(HCBD) or 20 ppm of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for 90 days showed no signs of
toxlclty and no change of reproductive performance associated with HCBD or HCB.
However, the survival of chicks hatched from eggs from quail on the HCB diet
was significantly decreased.
-344-
-------
*8-0026
HYDRAZINE
Anon
A THREATENED SHORTAGE IN AN EXOTIC ROCKET FUEL. . .
Chem. Wk. 115 (21): 45 (Nov. 20, 1974)
Nitrosodimethylamlne is a. potential carcinogen, according to OSHA. Because
of this finding, the U.S. faces a shortage of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
(UMDH), the rocket fuel used in the Delta and Titan launch vehicles.
Nitrosodimethylamine is used to make UMDH, which is supplied only by FMC Corp.
FMC has closed its Baltimore plant to change over to a closed process that
permits production without human contact. The plant will be opened again in
the Spring of 1975, but FMC then plans to stop production completely, after
producing 3 million Ibs. of UMDH, which will only meet demand to 1977.
*8-0027
HYDRAZINE
Nelsen, S.F. and Buschek, J.M.
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF HYDRAZINES. IV. EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF LONE PAIR-
LONE PAIR DIHEDRAL ANGLES AND PREDICTION OF LONE PAIR IONIZATION POTENTIALS
FOR SOME CYCLIC AND BICYCLIC HYDRAZINES
J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 96. (22): 6982-7 (Oct. 30, 1974)
Calculations for the determination of hydrazine conformations are described,
which are fairly successful for cyclic hydrazines of low A value but unsatisfactory
for the tetraalkylhydrazines with large A values.
-345-
-------
*8-0028
HYDRAZINE
Nelaen, S.F. and Buschek, J.M.
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF HYDRAZINES. V. PYRAZOLIDINE AND HEXAHYDROPYRIDAZINE
DERIVATIVES
J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 9£ (22): 6987-93 (Oct. 30, 1974)
Conformational information derived from the pes of 1,2-cycloalkylhydrazines
is discussed and compared with results derived from other methods.
*8-0029
HYDRAZINE
Yaws, Carl L. et al
AMMONIA AND HYDRAZINE
Chem. Eng. 81 (25): 91-100 (Nov. 25, 1974)
Experimental and calculated physical and thermodynamic data for ammonia and
hydrazine for both the liquid and gas states over a wide range of
temperatures are presented.
-346-
-------
8-0030
ISOCYANATES
Anon
SAFE URETHANE PLANT
Mod. Plast. _51 (11): 142 (1974)
Kryptonics Inc.'s new urethane plant in Boulder, Colorado, built at a cost of
about $500,000 to meet OSHA's new safety regulations on the use of toluene
diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), reputedly
meets OSHA's stringent regulations. The company must use the MOCA curing agent
for the urethane conveyor rollers and other parts that it produces.
ISOCYANATES
See: 8-0002, Arsenic
8-0014, Flame Retardants
-347-
-------
8-0031
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
EXTRACTION OF UNDERGROUND COAL AS LIQUID. . .
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 43 (Nov. 27, 1974)
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology will work with the New Mexico
Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources to develop an underground coal lique-
faction process that resembles the Frasch process for extracting sulfur.
Researchers plan to analyze the state's deep bituminous coal reserves;
determine optimum temperatures, pressures, and solvent compositions; and
seek ways to prevent loss of coal, solvent and hydrogen by sealing the
mine area.
8-0032
LIQUEFACTION. AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
COSTS GROWING FOR COAL-BASED SNG PLANTS
Hydrocarbon Process. 53 (9): 15 (Sept. 1974)
Western Gasification Co., New Mexico, awaits FPC approval for a coal gasification
plant expected to produce 250 MMcfd of SNG in 1977. In 1972, project cost
estimate was $390 million with completion date of 1976. Now, estimate is over
$500 million with 1977 date. More than 13% of cost is for environmental control.
-348-
-------
8-0033
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
EVALUATION OF COAL-GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, PART I. PIPELINE-W QUALITY GAS
Natl. Acad. of Engineering, Wash., D.C., Interim Rpt. June 1971-Dec. 1972
(Apr. 1973). (OCR-74-INT-1). (Contract DI-14-32-0001-1216). PB-234 036/2GA
The report discusses coal gasification for production of pipeline gas.
Included are sections on the natural gas shortage and projected needs,
cost estimates (capitalized and operating), brief descriptions and
specific problems of eight gasification processes, and recommendations
for future research and development. [Abstract in: Govt. Repts. Announc.
_74 (20): 72 (Nov. 4, 1974)]
8-0034
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Grainger, Leslie
OUR FUTURE DEPENDENCE ON COAL
Chem. Ind. (18): 737-41 (Sept. 21, 1974)
This review article states that future coal conversion processes are based
mainly on gasification and liquefaction. Describes some processes briefly.
-349-
-------
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
MOCA
See: 8-0030, Isocyanates
-350-
-------
8-0035
POLYURETHANES
(Uses)
Anon
DOUBLE DUTY FOR URETHANE
Mod. Plast. 51 (11): 143 (1974)
Clark Door Co., Cranford, N.J., offers "Thermadoor," a combination cold
storage/fire door made from 20-gage stainless steel panels with a core of
urethane foam. The latter functions as a fire barrier despite its flam-
mability. 'The door withstands temperatures up to 3000°F. By means of
"destructive distillation," the foam prevents flame spread and deformation
of the structure. As toxic gases burn off, smoke is ventilated on the fire
side and water vapor escapes through built-in ports.
Pacific Gas and Electric will use aluminum-clad urethane foam panels to
insulate new oil storage tanks for low-sulfur fuel oil and expects to save
up to 10,000 gal/hr (during severe cold) in the amount of fuel needed to
keep stored oil flowable. Heat loss will be reduced to 2.5 Btu/hr/cu ft
from the approximately 18 Btu/hr/cu ft loss from uninsulated tanks.
POLYURETHANES
See: 8-0014, Flame Retardants
8-0030, Isocyanates
-351-
-------
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 8-0002, Arsenic
-352-
-------
8-0036
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
WATER SOURCE FOR OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT
Environ. Rept. 5^ (13): 101 (Nov., 12, 1974)
Interior Department's draft report, "Alternative Sources of Water for Prototype
Oil Shale Development in Colorado and Utah", is available for review at 3
offices of the Bureau of Reclamation in Wash., D.C., Denver, and Salt Lake
City. Includes information on the resolution of water rights for prototype
projects, water allocations, and new facilities construction.
-353-
-------
8-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Hayakawa, Reinosuke and Wada, Yasaku
THEORY OF THE LOCAL MODE RELAXATION IN THE GLASSY STATE OF POLYMERS
J. Polymer Sci. 12_ (10): 2119-34 (Oct. 1974)
The amorphous phase in polymers exhibit multiple relaxation mechanisms, some
attributed to motions of the main chain and some to motions of side groups.
A theory of the strength of dynamic mechanical and dielectric relaxations
stemming from the local modes is offered here. It is hoped that the results
will be useful in the assignment of the molecular mechanism for observed
relaxations.
8-0038
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
GAS ANALYSIS FOR VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER
Chem. Ind. (18): 713 (Sept. 21, 1974)
In Britain, under the supervision of the Chemical Industries Association's
VC Committee, new sensitive analyzers are being installed in all PVC plants
to measure minute traces of vinyl chloride monomer in the plants.
Before 1974, the "colour tube" and the "explosimeter," which are each
sensitive down to only 200 ppm were used for air monitoring. Now used are
gas chromatography with a sensitivity better than 0.1 ppm, and infrared
absorption and flame ionlzation, which are both better than 1 ppm. Attached
to automatic sequential sampling systems, the analyzers sample air from up
to 24 points within the plant at a rate of about one per minute.
Under study: equipment using color change techniques and evaluation of
simeconductors as gas detectors.
-354-
-------
8-0039
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER WILL CUT BACK PVC PRODUCTION. . . .
Chem. Eng. 81 (25): 33 (Nov. 25, 1974)
Having determined that the production of polyvinyl chloride at its Niagara
Falls plant is not economically feasible, Goodyear Tire & Rubber will slash
production 50%. The cutback to a production level of approximately 50 million
Ib/yr, to meet new compliance standards, will mean the loss of about 60 jobs.
8-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Southwick, Charles A., Jr.
MATERIALS WHERE WILL THE FINGER POINT NEXT? VCM AFFAIR MEANING TO THE
PACKAGER
Mod. Packag. 47 (8): 20-4 (1974)
Using PVC as an example, the author alerts the packager to his present and
increasing future responsibilities concerning the use of plastics for foods,
drugs and cosmetics and other packaged products in which package-and-product
interactions are undesirable.
Plastics characteristics; additives, processing and migrants; and use statistics
are discussed. The PVC problem arose with alcoholic beverages because of lack
of pre-evaluation of its effects on a food product. Now, evidence of VCM's
toxicity and suspicion of carcinogenic activity indicates need for extensive
research.
-355-
-------
8-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
Strickman, Samuel W.
DEPOLYMERIZATION
Rubber Age 106 (11): 53-5 (1974)
Defining depolymerizatlon as the phenomenon of a. polymer's breaking down to
monomer or some Intermediate'molecule because of an equilibrium change, the
author stresses the need for recognizing the importance of depolymerization
in addition to such areas of concern as stability and oxidation.
Among the examples cited: the suspicion of the presence of vinyl chloride
monomer, when polyvinyl chloride bottles are used as containers for liquors,
may be the result of depolymerization rather than the possibility of unreacted
monomer being present because of poor processing. The alcoholic content of
the bottles (ethyl and higher alcohols) may exert a catalytic action leading
to depolymerization of PVC to produce trace amounts of the monomer. The
author recommends a study program on rates of depolymerization of resins.
8-0042
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
OSHA RULING CLEARS THE AIR ON VCM EXPOSURE LEVELS OR DOES IT?
Mod. Plast. 51 (11): 20 (1974)
The OSHA standard, establishing a workplace level of 1 ppm averaged over an 8-hr
shift (ceiling level of 5 ppm for any 15-min period), is more demanding than
anticipated and industry is gearing for a Judicial review of the regulation.
Industry claims OSHA ignored technological, medical, and economic-impact evidence
that indicated the need for less stringent standards. Monomer producers and
fabricators will be less affected than PVC producers. About 60% of U.S. PVC
plants are 10 years old or more; cannot be retrofitted to comply with a 1 ppm
standard. Respirators for workers could impair their visibility. Point is made,
however, that asbestos industry, with 1973 sales best ever recorded, has apparently
survived tight regulations imposed by OSHA several years ago.
-356-
-------
8-0043
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
"SKYROCKETING INFLATION"
Aerosol Age 19_ (11) : 44 (1974)
The possible shutdown by Government of all PVC resin plants would have a devast-
ating economic impact on the U.S., according to an Arthur D. Little, Inc., study
for the Society of the Plastics Industry. Lost domestic production could reach
$65 to $90 billion, accompanied by the loss of from 1.7 to 2.2 million jobs.
Lack of PVC resin would be felt by many industries: packaging, phonograph record,
wire, cable, flooring, automobile, and others, plus the building and construction
trades, which comprise 25% of the market. In U.S. now, there are 21 separate
producers of PVC resin with 36 plants operating.
8-0044
VINYL CHLORIDE
McCurdy, Patrick P.
MOST OF THE TIME, 'IT1 CAN BE DONE (Editorial)
Chem. Wk. 115 (22): 5 (Nov. 27, 1974)
Citing a few past examples that proved the "it-can't-be-done" philosophy wrong,
the author disagrees with current industry impression that OSHA's stringent
levels on the concentration of vinyl chloride gas in the workplace, can't be
met. He suggests that several technical solutions may be imminent: KemaNord
will test an air-curtain system in its PVC plant in Stockvim in an effort to
comply with Sweden's Ippm exposure limit, Norsk Hydro will test a closed auto-
clave system in an attempt to reopen its Heroya, Norway, VC plant; and W.A, Mack,
president of Werner & Pfleiderer Corp., has described new compounding techniques
for cutting VC content in PVC compounds to OSHA standards.
-357-
-------
8-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Berry, James W. et al
CHEMICAL VILLIANS: A BIOLOGY OF POLLUTION
C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63141.
Jan. 1974. 190 pp. $5.75
The vast literature on environmental contaminants is reviewed in light of their
effects on humans. Problems and possible solutions are discussed. [Advertisement
in: Environ. 16(8): 25 (Oct. 1974)]
8-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Waldbott, George L.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63141.
1973. 316 pp. $7.95
The nature and sources of air, water, and food contaminants are described and
their effects on humans are discussed by a recognized allergy specialist. Pol-
lutants may be identified as pulmonary irritants, fever-producing agents, asphyx-
iants, etc. [Advertisement in: Environ. 16 (8): 25 (Oct. 1974)]
-358-
-------
8-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ricci, Larry J.
TEL STAND-INS BEING READIED
Chem. Eng. 81 (25): 40-1 (Nov. 25, 1974)
With tetraethyllead (TEL) branded as a poison to catalytic converters, as a
possible health hazard, and under an EPA ban requiring that it be phased out
of most gasolines by 1979, work is underway for substitute leadfree antiknock
compounds. Two alternatives are Ethyl Corp's methylcyclopentadienyl-manganese
tricarbonyl (MMT), which is commercially available, and Molycorp's cerium
(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)4 or Ce(thd)4. Both compounds, how-
ever, are under criticism for adverse effects on engines and catalytic converters.
and MMT is being questioned as a possible health hazard.
8-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Fetersen, Gerald R. and Milham, Samuel, Jr.
HODGKIN'S DISEASE MORTALITY AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO WOOD
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 53^ (4): 957-8 (Oct. 1974)
The results of a study of the Washington State death record files of all males
20 years and older for 1950-1971, an interview study for 1965-1970, and a
proportional mortality rate analysis of the death records showed that; 56
deaths occurred from Hodgkin's disease within wood-related occupations
(carpenters and their helpers and apprentices, cabinetmakers, papermakers,
and sawyers). The study confirms the presence in wood of potential
carcinogens.
-359-
-------
9-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Dahm Douglas B. et al
TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGING SPILLS ON LAND AND WATER
Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, (13): 1076-9 (Dec. 1974)
Hazardous spills Involve not only oil but other materials such as sulfuric
acid, phenol, and acrylonitrile. EPA's Office of Research and Monitoring
has demonstrated some promising control methods, including foam-in-place
plugs and dams; a mobile, physical-chemical treatment unit; and floatable,
activated
-------
9-0002
ARSENIC
Whitacre, R. Wayne and Pearse, Carlton S.
ARSENIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Colo. Sch. Mines, Mineral Ind. Bull. 17 (3): 1-19 (1974)
Arsenic, a potent poison, has in times past been used as a pharmaceutical,
although such use now is somewhat rare, as is the incidence of any acute
arsenical poisoning from natural causes, at least in the U.S. Perhaps
because less is known about its distribution, arsenic is not now arousing
as much concern as mercury, cadmium, or phosphates as a potential hazard to
the environment. The authors caution the mining industry, however, not to
underestimate the magnitude of the potential threat of arsenic to the envi-
ronment .
This article (with a bibliography of 60 references) provides a basic review
of arsenic and its relation to a healthy, balanced environment, covering
its occurrence in land, water, air, and living organisms; its cultural
contributions to the environment; its basic chemistry and toxicology; as
well as methods of analysis, standards, and methods of removal from water
and air.
9-0003
Arsenic
Schuth, Carter K. et al
DISTRIBUTION OF 14c AND ARSENIC DERIVED FROM [l^C]CACODYLIC ACID IN AN
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
J. Agr. Food Chem. 22_ (6): 999-1003 (Nov-Dec 1974)
Bioconcentration ratios reported in this study of the distribution, accumu-
lation and degradation of an organoarsenical herbicide, [^C] hydroxdimethyl-
arsine oxide ([l^C] cacodylic acid) in aquatic ecosystems containing various
soils, water, algae, duckweed, snails, daphnia, catfish, and crayfish
indicated that cacodylic acid does not accumulate to a great extent in the
aquatic environment.
-361-
-------
9-0004
ARSENIC
Davison, Richard L. et al
TRACE ELEMENTS IN FLY ASH
Environ. Sci. Technol. JJ (13): 1107-13 (Dec. 1974)
Spark source mass spectrescopy, optical emission spectrography, atomic
absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy reveal that con-
centrations of trace elements in fly ash depend on particle size. Measurements
of 25 elements in fly ash from a coal-fired power plant showed that con-
centrations of arsenic, lead, antimony, cadmium, and six other elements
increased significantly with decreasing particle size. Results are discussed
in light of their potential environmental impact.
9-0005
ARSENIC
Fowler, Bruce A. and Weissberg, Joseph B.
ARSINE POISONING
New Eng. J. Med. 291 (22): 1171-4 (Nov. 28, 1974)
Exposure to arsine gas is an important environmental health hazard of
concern in numerous and diverse occupational circumstances. Arsine causes
a rapid and unique hemolysis and may result in oliguric renal failure,
which is uniformly fatal without proper therapy. Recent attempts to use
geothermal and fossil fuel energy sources high in arsenic content may
increase the frequency of arsine exposure.
Processes currently available for converting coal to gas use high tempera-
ture, pressure and steam, and may also result in the generation of arsine.
Worker engaged in converting mineral energy sources into fuels may risk the
hazard of arsine poisoning unless suitable precautions are taken. This re-
port reviews arsine poisoning, with emphasis on its clinical features, patho-
genesis and treatment.
-362-
-------
ARSENIC
See: 9-0001, Acrylonitrile
-363-
-------
*9-0006
ARYL PHOSPHATES
Lin, George H.Y. et al
ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF CHIRAL 0-2-BUTYL ETHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOIC ACID
J. Agr. Food Chem. £2 (6): 1134-5 (Nov-Dec. 1974)
The establishment of the absolute configuration of (-)-0-2-butyl(-)-ethyl-
phosphonothioc acid by x-ray crystallographic analysis of its a-phenyl-
ethylammonium salt is reported.
-364-
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*9-0007
ASBESTOS
Flowers, Earl S.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS, COLLAGEN FORMATION,
FERRUGINOUS BODIES, AND CARCINOMA
Amer. Ind. Hyg. 35_ (11) : 724-9 (1974)
Contrary to the popular belief that the various biological and tissue responses
elicited by asbestos exposure are totally unrelated, this study delineates
possible relationships between asbestos exposure, ferruginous body formation,
collagen synthesis, and carcinoma. The relationship is expressed in terms of
fundamental effects on the redox state of cells and tissues. Inhalation of
asbestos causes a tissue response in which fibers reaching the aveolar spaces
are phagocytized. Fiber irritation of the membrane releases cellular con-
stituents containing fibrogenic factor, which in turn stimulates collagen
production. While collagen synthesis occurs, asbestos may act as a secondary
carcinogen, serving as a carrier for carcinogens.
*9-0008
ASBESTOS
Anon
TACONITE STIRS BURDEN OF PROOF DEBATE
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (48): 14 (Dec. 2, 1974)
Because the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals refused to uphold an
injunction prohibiting Reserve Mining Co. from dumping taconite tailings,
containing asbestoslike fibers, into Lake Superior, Congress is attempting
to pass legislation to shift the burden of proof in environmental litigation
from the plaintiff to the defendant. Several amendments have been proposed
by Rep. Ruffe (did not pass in the House), Sen. Nelson, and Sen. Hart.
Industry contends that such legislation, if passed, "will put a company in
the impossible position of having to prove that a substance is totally safe."
-365-
-------
*9-0009
ASBESTOS
Bowes, D.R.
FOR THOSE IN PERIL: 3 - NOT ONLY ON THE FACTORY FLOOR
Nature 252 (5482): 338 (Nov. 29, 1974)
A cry ±a raised by Dr. D. R. Bowers, Dept. of Geology, University of Glasgow, for
in-depth research, sufficiently well-funded, on the potential health hazards of
asbestos and other mineral dusts in the total environment, not just in factories.
*9-0010
ASBESTOS
Anon
ILLINOIS EPA INSTALLS. . . .
Environ. Sci. Technol. 8. (13): 1058 (Dec. 1974)
Because asbestos has been suspect as a carcinogen, the finding of asbestos in
Lake Michigan waters has prompted the Illinois EPA to install a sensitive electron
microscope to aid in detecting asbestos in Lake Michigan and in other Illinois
water supplies. Capable of magnifying objects 200,000 times, the equipment can
also distinguish between asbestos and asbestoslike particles.
-366-
-------
9-0011
BENZIDINE
Zavon, M.R. et al
BENZIDINE EXPOSURE AS A CAUSE OF BLADDER TUMORS
Arch. Environ. Health 27. (1): 1-7 (July 1973)
The development of bladder tumors in 13 of 25 workers engaged in manufacturing
benzidine (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) was most likely caused by exposure to
benzidine, but other potentially carcinogenic chemicals are also suspect. The
men were exposed to the chemicals over a period of up to 43 years averaging
over 13 years of exposure. Benzidine was the one chemical in common to all
those exposed.
Early detection and treatment of the cancers may have prevented more deaths
than the one recorded up to 1970. [Abstract in: J. Occup. Med. 16. (2): 122 (1974)]
-367-
-------
9-0012
BORON
Matthews, P.J.
A SURVEY OF THE BORON CONTENT OF CERTAIN WATERS OF THE GREATER LONDON AREA US-
ING A NOVEL ANALYTICAL METHOD
Water Res. .8 (12): 1021-8 (1974)
A new analytical technique based on the solvent extraction of ferroin borodisali-
cylate was used to determine the concentration of boron in various types of
sewage, sewage effluent and natural waters of greater London. The method was
effective in all tests. The resulting data will help in water resource planning.
Knowing the concentration of boron in a watercourse may make it possible to
determine the degree of dilution of sewage effluent.
-368-
-------
*9-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Lovelock, J.E.
ATMOSPHERIC HALOCARBONS AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
Nature 252, (5481): 292-4 (Nov. 22, 1974)
Although the literature implies that fluorochlorocarbons (FCCs) are the predom-
inant chlorine carriers in the atmosphere, they are in actuality less abundant
than other halocarbon classes. A table of observed abundances of halocarbons
in western Ireland in mid-1974 shows that the FCCs seemingly contribute 35% of
the total halocarbon chlorine entering the stratosphere.
The prompt release of chlorine in the stratosphere from the other, non-FCC, halo-
carbons implies that the present input of odd chlorine species to the strato-
sphere is dominated by the simple chlorocarbons CC14, CHC13 and CH3CC13, etc.
Unless there is some special additional effects from the release of chlorine at
higher altitudes, there are no grounds for singling out the FCCs as more hazard-
ous than the other halocarbons which penetrate the tropopause.
*9-0014
FLUOROCARBONS
Weare, Bryan C. et al
AEROSOL AND CLIMATE: SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Science 186_ (4166): 827-8 (Nov. 29, 1974)
Radiative calculations are presented that may help in determining the effect of
added aerosols on the heating or cooling of the earth's atmosphere, considering
such parameters as atmospheric location, cloud reflectivity, etc.
-369-
-------
*9-0015
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
ENVIRONMENTALISTS SEEK FLUOROCARBON BAN
Chem. Eng. News 5£ (48): 14 (Dec. 2, 1974)
The National Resources Defense Council, N.Y.C., filed a petition with the Con-
sumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, D.C., to ban certain fluorocarbon
propellants in aerosol spray cans, referring to studies showing possible deple-
tion of stratospheric ozone by fluorocarbons with an attendant Increase in skin
cancer cases.
The National Academy of Sciences will conduct a one-year study of the matter.
*9-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
NAS LAUNCHES STUDY ON FLUOROCARBONS
Sci. News 106 (22): 341 (Nov. 30, 1974)
A subcommittee of the standing NAS Climatic Impact Committee will study the en-
vironmental, public health and economic impacts of the continuation or removal
of fluorocarbons from the market because of ozone depletion controversy. Other
agencies have studies planned or in progress.
-370-
-------
*9-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
NAS TO STUDY FLUOROCARBON THREAT TO OZONE
Air/Water Pollution Rept. 12. (47): 466 (Nov. 25, 1974)
It appears that the preliminary report on the potential effect of fluorocarbons
on stratospheric ozone, which will be published by a National Academy of Science
panel now studying the issue, will recommend a full-scale study to determine
if a ban should be placed on the manufacture of the suspect fluorocarbons.
The possible ozone depletion could result in an increase of human skin cancers.
*9-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
DEFENDS AEROSOL AS LIFE SAVERS
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. JjO (11): 70, 72 (1974)
In accepting "Packaging Man of Year Award," R.H. Abplanalp attacked exaggerated
claims against aerosols, citing the effectiveness of aerosol bronchodilators in
reducing the death rate from asthma.
In 1960, the asthma death rate was three for every 100,000 population; in 1970,
the death rate was down to nearly one per 100,000.
-371-
-------
*9-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
DU PONT IS STARTING UP PRODUCTION OF FREONS 113 AND 114
Chem. Wk. 115 (23): 29 (Dec. 4, 1974)
The third unit in Du Font's new.Corpus Christi, Texas, complex is on stream,
producing Freons 113 and 114. On 1 April, a chlorocarbons unit went on stream;
in mid-May, a 600 tons/day Kel-Chlor chlorine recovery unit was activated.
Other units a Freon 115, a chlor-alkali plant, and a Freon 22 unit are
planned for 1975 1976, and 1978, respectively. Units for Freons 11 and 12
are also planned.
FLUOROCARBONS
See also: 9-0047, General Information
-372-
-------
9-0020
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
NEW HOMES FOR NL UNITS
Chem. Wk. 115 (24): 16 (Dec. 11, 1974)
NL Industries reports that many of Its specialty chemicals, including
flame retardants, are in short supply. Antimony oxides are on back order.
New products in development include flame retardants for incorporation into
polyester fibers before the fibers are made into yarn, and plastics additives
that function both as flame retardants and smoke suppressants.
-373-
-------
9-0021
HALOETHERS
Harris, Walter D.
BCME BANGER (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (48): 3 (Dec. 2, 1974)
In reference to a published suggestion that hexamethylene tetramine might form
bischloromethyl ether (BCME) in the stomach because of the hydrochloric acid
conditions found there, the author cites G. Delia Porta et al ("Food Cosmet.
Toxicol.", 6_, 707 (1968). In that study no evidence of carcinogenicity was
reported in mice and rats given drinking water containing 1% hexamethylene
tetramine over an extended period of time. No information appeared, however,
on either the formation or the breakdown (if formed) of BCME.
9-0022
HALOETHERS
Kupchan, S. Morris ,
NOVEL NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY1'
Fed. Proc. 33 (11): 2288-95 (1974)
New tumor inhibitors of plant origin, which show significant growth-inhibitory
properties, are discussed from the standpoint of their chemistry and bio-
chemistry. Among the described compounds are four new maytansinoids,
including maytanvaline, a highly-active antileukemic ester, and maytansine
(3-bromopropyl) ether.
-374-
-------
9-0023
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Neely, W. Brock et al
PARTITION COEFFICIENT TO MEASURE BIOCONCENTRATION POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC
CHEMICALS IN FISH
Environ. Sci. Technol. 8_ (13): 1113-15 (Dec. 1974)
The partition coefficient was examined as a means of trying to establish a
relationship between the physiochemical properties of a chemical and its ability
to bipconcentrate. Kexachlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, and several other
chemicals, representing a wide range of partition coefficients, were evaluated.
Their bioconcentration in trout muscle of these chemicals followed a straight
line relationship with partition coefficient. Predicted values of the bio-
concentration of other chemicals from their partition agreed well with
experimental values in the literature.
-375-
-------
*9-0024
HYDRAZINE
Reddy, Bandaru S. et al
COLON CARCINOGENSSIS IN GERM-FREE "RATS WITH 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE AND
N-METHYL-N' NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE1
Cancer Res. 34^ 2368-73 (Sept. 1974)
Fischer germ-free and conventional female rats were given s.c. injections of
1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 10 mg/week/kg body weight to determine the effect
of intentinal microflora on the sensitivity of the colon to the carcinogenic
effect of DMH. in post-mortem examination immediately after the last injection
germ-free rats had no colon tumors; 17% of the conventional rats had adeno-
carcinomas of the colon. Twenty weeks after the last injection of DMH,
adenomas were noted in 11% of germ-free rats; 25% of the conventional rats had
colonic tumors, most of which were adenocarcinomas. The other title compound,
MNNG, a more direct-acting carcinogen, induced multiple tumors of the colon in
both sets of rats. Intestinal microflora, apparently, liberate an active
metabolite and produce promoters to modify the effects of DMH in colon
carcinogenesis.
*9-0025
HYDRAZINE
Rawls, Rebecca L.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN U.S. CHEMICALS RISING
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (47): 7-8 (Nov. 25, 1974)
Some of the new investment is coming from companies that previously were
only exporters to U.S.; Japanese firms are among newcomers. Among the
recent capital investments: Mobay Chemical, the wholly owned U.S. subsi-
diary of West Germany's Bayer, is trebling capacity of urethane chemicals
at Baytown, Texas, and building a 10,000 ton/yr hydrazine hydrate plant
at Kansas City, Mo.
-376-
-------
*9-0026
HYDBAZINE
Ojanpera, Salme et al
PHOTOREDUCTION BY HYDRAZINIUM IONS, QUENCHING BY HYDRAZINES (Letter to Editor)
J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 96 (23): 7379-80 (Nov. 13, 1974)
The mechanism of photoreduction of aromatic ketones by hydrazinium ions and
quenching by hydrazines is discussed. Hydrazines are efficient quenchers of
photoexcited ketones in water but are not good photoreducing agents. Some
monoprotonated hydrazinium ions are effect photoreducing agents.
HYDRAZINE
See also: 9-0047, General Information
-377-
-------
9-0027
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECTS ADVANCE
Coal Age 79 (11): 36 (1974)
Brief description and flow chart of Coalcon Co.'s proposed coal hydrocar-
bonization process for mix of liquid and gaseous fuels.
9-0028
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
ENERGY REPORT URGES SHIFT TO ELECTRICITY
Chem. Eng. News 5£ (47): 12-13 (Nov. 25, 1974)
According to FEA's report on Project Independence, R & D on oil shale and
synthetic fuels from coal should center on in situ processes for oil
recovery because of economics and environmental Impacts. Existing technolo-
gies, e.g., Lurgi gasification and Fischer-Tropsch liquefaction are not
economic; government incentives seen necessary to develop low-cost, efficient
technologies.
-378-
-------
9-0029
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Frohning, C.D. and Cornils, B.
CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS FROM COAL
Hydrocarbon Process. _53. (11): 143-6 (1974)
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis may prove to be the solution to an anticipated
dwindling of world petroleum and natural gas sources. Although Europe, because
of increasing coal prices, has not been attracted to F-T processes for gasoline
production, the method may be the best approach for producing chemical feed-
stocks in the form of short-chain olefins or naphtha substitutes.
9-0030
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Ferretti, Emmett J.
FEEDING COAL TO PRESSURIZED SYSTEMS
Chem. Eng. 81 (26): 113-6 (Dec. 9, 1974)
High-pressure reactors are seen as necessary for efficient coal liquefaction
and gasification processes. Some of the problems inherent in using large
amounts of abrasive powdered coal in these reactors are outlined along with
some possible answers.
-379-
-------
9-0031
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
A COAL-GASIFICATION
Chem. Wk. 115 (23): 39 (Dec. 4, 1974)
Inflation has caused Exxon to delay building its coal-gasification pilot
plant in Baytown, Texas, where the company had planned to use its
proprietary process to gasify 500 tons/day of coal. Development research
will.be continued, however.
9-0032
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
AND, COAL SEAMS SHOULD BE
Chem. Eng. 81 (26): 63 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Non-nuclear explosives, detonated at 50-ft depths are expected to provide
data on the permeability and other physical properties of a coal deposit in
Kemmerer, Wyoming. Researchers at the AEC's Lawrence Live more Lab. will
study the results in an attempt to learn if in situ coal gasification would
be easier if coal seams are fractured first.
-380-
-------
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
See: 9-0005, Arsenic
-381-
-------
9-0033
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Lichtenstein, E. Paul et al
TRANSLOCATION AND METABOLISM OF [^C] PHORATE AS AFFECTED BY PERCOLATING WATER IN
A MODEL SOIL-PLANT ECOSYSTEM
J. Agr. Food Chem. 22 (6): 991-6 (Nov.-Dec. 1974)
In this model ecosystem, consisting of different type soils, corn plants, and
water, the interrelationships of movement and metabolism of [1J*C] phorate in the
soils was studied. Other parameters considered were the effects of water
percolating through the soils on these processes, and the penetration, trans-
location and metabolism of the insecticides in corn grown in the soils. Data
are tabulated for the fate and metabolism of the phorate in the different
ecosystems described. It appears that the physiological processes of the corn
plant are the governing factors in the uptake and translocation of chemicals
from soil.
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
See: 9-0003, Arsenic
See also: 9-0047, General Information
-382-
-------
NAPHTHYLAMINES
See also: 9-0047, General Information
-383-
-------
*9-0034
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Schulze, Janos et al
ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS IN U.S. HOME LAUNDRY DETERGENTS
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 5£ (11): 46+ (1974)
Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA's) find their major uses in the detergent,
paper, textile and plastics industries, with over 50% of U.S. consumption go-
ing into household detergents. FWA patents number in the thousands; commer-
cial products number in the hundreds; but only a few FWA's are used in signi-
ficant quantities.
The basic chemical structures used for FWA's are stilbene, coumarin, diphenyl
pyrazoline, naphtho-triazole, benzoxazole, and distyrylbiphenyl. Article' des-
cribes methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses used.
-384-
-------
*9-0035
PHTHALATES
Autian, J.
TOXICITY AND HEALTH THREATS OF PHTHALATE ESTERS: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Environ. Health Perspect. pp. 3-25 (1973)
This review of 56 publications (from 1904-1972) on the toxicity and potential
health hazards of phthalate ester presents data on their acute toxicity to
different.animals; covers their absorption, distribution, excretion, and
metabolism; describes recorded teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic
effects; and their use in medical devices. It does not, however, provide a
definitive evaluation of their threat to the environment in general or to
human health.
-385-
-------
9-0036
POLYURETHANES
Paulson, Donald R. and Mpran, Gregory F.
ANALYSIS OF SOME TOXIC COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF LOW-DENSITY FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE-
ETHER FOAMS
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1116-18 (Dec. 1974)
Low-density flexible polyurethane-ether foams were burned in a combustion
cabinet for the purpose of analyzing their toxic combustion products. The
more fire retardant the foam, the more CO and HCN were produced per gram of
foam consumed. Although phosgene was not detected, the combustion products
included the following gases: C02, CO, HCN, ECU and COCA2« Consumers can
be assured that there is little danger to them in fires fed only by poly-
urethane foam.
POLYURETHANES
See *9-0025, Hydrazine
-386-
-------
9-0037
BETA-PROPIOLACTONE
Sirover, Michael A. and Loeb, Lawrence A.
ERRONEOUS BASE-PAIRING INDUCED BY A CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN DURING DNA SYNTHESIS
Nature 252. (5482): 414-16 (29 Nov. 1974)
The stability of binding of chemical carcinogens to DNA in vivo suggests a
molecular mechanism for tumor initiation. This interaction may be mutagenic
in that it may affect the accuracy with which the modified DNA is copied by
cellular DNA polymerases.
8-propiolactone, reported as a potent mutagen and carcinogen that initiates
tumors in mice, rats, and hamsters, is an alkylating agent that reacts with
guanine and adenine nucleotides in DNA. The authors found that the modifica-
tion of a synthetic polynucleotide template with g-propiolactone increases
the incorporation of non-complementary base-paired nucleotides into DNA with
the DNA polymerase from either avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) or sea urchin
embryos.
-387-
-------
9-0038
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Lowry, Larry K. et al
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE
J. Occup. Med. 16 (2): 98-101 (1974)
Trichloroethylene (TRI), widely used as a solvent in drycleaning and degreasing
operations, affects central nervous system (headaches, dizziness, intolerance
to alcohol, malaise), when inhaled.
Urinary TCA^and TCE, collected before and after a work shift and corrected to a
constant creatinine concentration, can be used as biologic monitors of an indus-
trial worker's response to TRI exposure. Urine TCA can indicate cumulative ex-
posure during the work week and TCE can indicate exposure during the workday
that the urine samples were collected.
-388-
-------
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See: 9-0027, Coal Liquefaction and Gasification
-389-
-------
9-0039
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT STILL HAS SUPPORTERS
Chera. Eng. News ,52 (47): 16 (Nov. 25, 1974)
Some oil shale development projects are still active. Gulf Oil and Standard
Oil (Ind.) report that plans for their Joint Rio Blanco Oil Shale Project,
Denver, are continuing and they expect initial studies to be finished in six
months and a development plan to be ready in about a year. However, Colony
Development Operation, a joint venture of Atlantic Richfield and 3 other
companies, has discontinued its plans for a plant in Colorado.
9-0040
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Nelson, E.L.
WORLD ENERGY RESOURCES, 1974
Hydrocarbon Process. .5.3 (11): 62E+ (1974)
In this current, realistic estimate of energy sources, the potential extractable
material in North America from shale and tar sands is stated to be estimated as
more than twice the total proven reserves of crude oil in the entire world, but
exploitation costs and enormous environmental problems hinder rapid development.
-390-
-------
9-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SPI HAS REQUESTED A COURT STAY OF VINYL CHLORIDE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARD
Chem. Eng. News 52. (49): 7 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Arguing that industry cannot possibly acquire the number of respirators needed
to comply with proposed VC standard, the Society of the Plastics Industry has
asked for a court stay of the VC occupational exposure standard, which is likely
to be effective 1 Jan. 1975.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 9-0001, Acrylonitrile
See also: 9-0054, General Information
-391-
-------
9-0042
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
IN THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE
Science News 106 (22): 342 (Nov. 30, 1974)
Blackllght (near-ultraviolet, 3,000-4,200 angstroms) can kill human, mouse
and hamster cells in tissue culture because of a toxic photoproduct formed
during irradiation, reports biologists R.J. Wang, J.D. Stolen and F. Landa.
The photoproduct is apparently formed in the culture medium rather than
within the cells. Irradiation of the tissue-culture medium, Dulbecco's
modified Eagle's medium, with near-UV rays from a blacklight or visible
fluorescent light source yields toxic photoproducts. These toxins, formed
only when the vitamin riboflavin and the amino acids tryptophan or tyrosine
are present in the medium, will kill unexposed mammalian cells in the
irradiated medium. Although the structure and mode of lethal action of the
toxins are not known, Wang et al believe that riboflavin absorbs light
energy and transfers it to one of the amino acids, which is then Involved
in toxin formation. Warning is expressed about ingestion of large amounts
of riboflavin or unnecessary exposure to near-TJ.V. pending more information
on the toxigenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of the light.
9-0043
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
ZIRCONIUM DEODORANTS MAY POSE HEALTH RISK
Chem. Eng. News 52. (49): 4-5 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Antiperspirant sprays containing zirconium chlorhydrate contain aerosol
particles that could reach a user's lungs through breathing and could
induce lung granulomas, which might lead to tumor growth, according to
a panel study by FDA. Products containing the compound are Procter and
Gambles Sure and Secret, and Carter Wallace's new Arrid Double X. Procter
and Gamble refutes the claim, stating that the company's extensive monkey
inhalation tests with its two products produced no evidence of lung-
related problems.
Previously, Gillette withdrew several similar products from the market
after tests showed mild inflammation in the lungs of monkeys exposed to
them. In the 1950's, zirconium compounds in stick deodorants and poison
ivy remedies caused skin granulomas in users.
-392-
-------
9-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Campbell, T. Colin and Stoloff, Leonard
IMPLICATION OF MYCOTOXINS FOR HUMAN HEALTH
J. Agr. Food Chem. 22 (6): 1006-15 (Nov.- Dec.1974)
Concern about the potential toxicity of aflatoxins was for a long time
restricted to the veterinary literature because most humans avoid moldy food.
However, there have been a few cases of acute mycotoxicoses in humans. Because
there have been indications that aflatoxin ingestion could cause liver cancer,
this review considers their potential hazard to humans via food, covering
comparative metabolism studies, primate studies, inadvertent incidents, and
epidemiological studies. Some mention is made of other mycotoxins (e.g.,
patulin, penicillic acid, tricothecenes, luteoskyrin, and citrinin), which
could be harmful via chronic ingestion.
9-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Drivas, Peter J. and Shair, Fredrick H.
A. TRACER STUDY OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION IN THE LOS ANGELES AREA
Atmos. Environ. 8 (11): 1155-63 (Nov. 1974)
Sulfur hexafluoride was used as a tracer in a large-scale test to characterize
the dispersive power of the atmosphere. Released from over Anaheim, California,
dispersion data well above the minimum detectable concentration limits was
obtained in 5 nearby communities up to 124 km away.
Because sulfur hexafluoride is non-toxic and the described test was relatively
inexpensive, this compound seems to be ideal for studying the transport and
dispersion of pollutants over urban areas.
-393-
-------
9-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Neubert, Diether
THE TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MUTAGENIC EVENTS
Mutat. Res. 25_ (2): 145-57 (Nov. 1974)
The difficulties in extrapolating experimental findings in animals to man, the
dose-response relationships to be anticipated in mutagenlcity, and special
problems associated with mutagenic-toxicological evaluations are summarized.
There is, at present, no reliable, sensitive mammalian screening system that
meets the toxicological demands for routine testing of mutagenicity.
Consequently, basic research, rather than large-scale screening of potential
mutagens with inadequate methods, should be stressed. Some doubt is cast on
the reality of the mutagen hazard to man, and it is suggested that the general
population Should be protected from exposure to environmental hazards and from
the unnecessary prescription of drugs, unless test systems are available to
permit effective prevention of disaster.
9-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Uehleke, H.
THE FORMATION AND KINETICS OF KINETICS OF REACTIVE DRUG METABOLITES IN MAMMALS
Mutat. Res. .25 (2): 159-167 (1974)
An overview on aspects of kinetics and properties of reactive drug metabolites
in relation to mutagenesis, covering mechanisms of microsomal drug biotrans-
formation, reactivity and mutagenic effects, and the cellular kinetics of drugs
and their metabolites.
Dialkylhydrazines are among various carcinogens that produce tumors at a distinct
location independent of the route of application, indicating that metabolism
plays an important role in their action. Halothane and 2-naphthylamine are two
of the compounds mentioned in the discussion of reactivity and mutagenic effects.
-394-
-------
9-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PARTICULATES IN SMOKE FROM CHLORINATED POLYMERICS. . .
Chem. Eng. News JJ2 (49): 16 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Another hazard of pollution is pulmonary edema resulting from the deposition of
hydrogen chloride gas in the lung. One source of HC£ is the smoke from
chlorinated polymerics. Particulates in that smoke, according to Naval Research
Lab. scientists, can transport ECU, which if deposited on soot and water
particles under 3 micrometers in size can reach the lung.
-395-
-------
9-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
A NEW CLASS OF MITICIDES HAS BEEN DISCOVERED BY ZOECON CORPORATION
Chem. Eng. News 52. (49): 16 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Zoecon Corp. announces a new class of miticides said to be nonpersistent in the
environment as well as nontoxic to higher animals. One of these compounds,
identified as ZR-856 (hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), is being readied for
commercial'development.
9-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EXPOSURE TO PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1058 (Dec. 1974)
Physiological dysfunction and inability to perform normal activities are
potential hazards of exposure to 0.37-0.50 ppm of photochemical oxidants,
according to the California Air Resources Board.
Some healthy men exposed to the amount of ozone that might occur during a
smog episode experienced decreased pulmonary function, oxidation changes in
red blood cells, and other effects.
-396-
-------
9-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Altshuller, A.P.
OZONE LEVELS (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 52. (49): 3 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Commenting on recent article Indicating power plants as a source of ozone, the
author states the ozone levels above national standards occur throughout U.S.
in summer months; small increments in ozone beyond 25 km in power plant plumes are
insignificant versus large regional fluxes in ozone, and can be explained with-
out the use of the completely unsubstantiated mechanism proposed by Davis.
After 25 km of transport, via dilution of the original stack gases, over 99.9%
of the plume consists of dilution air. More studies needed on behavior within
various types of plumes.
9-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
Innes, W.B.
OZONE LEVELS (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 52. (49): 3 (Dec. 9, 1974)
Commenting on a recent discussion of ozone in power plant effluent gas (See:
CATS 9-0052), the writer feels that the discussion indicates that power plants
strategically located in and around cities could effectively help control
downwind levels rather than be considered major contributors to ozone levels.
-397-
-------
9-0053
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
HOT SPOTS OR HOT LUNGS?
Lancet 2_ (7891): 1238-9 (Nov. 23, 1974)
Brief discussion of the problems of the carcinogenic effectiveness of high local
radiation doses to tissues surrounding "hot spots" of radio-isotopes, particularly
239pu, including question of reliability of conclusions in recent National Resources
Defense Council Report, authored by A.R. Tamplin and T.B. Cochran. The NRDC re-
port calls for a drastic revision of existing radiation protection standards, ap-
plicable to man's internal exposure from "insoluble alpha-emitting hot particles,"
but the report is apparently based on data from radiation induction of carcinoma
in rat skin. Extrapolation of the results of animal experiments, in the absence
of relevant data in man, can be erroneous. To date, no cases of cancer in humans
have been directly attributed to plutonium exposure.
9-0054
GENERAL INFORMATION
Junk, Gregor A. et al
CONTAMINATION OF WATER BY SYNTHETIC POLYMER TUBES
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1100-6 (Dec. 1974)
A method is described in which the use of a simple, portable extraction column
permits detection down to <1 ppb of organic contaminants found in water that had
flowed through tubes of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC's, black latex, and a
plastic garden hose. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify
the contaminants.
-398-
-------
9-0055
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MORE ECONOMICAL CARCINOGEN SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR CHEMICALS
Chem. Wk. 115 (24): 57 (Dec, 11, 1974)
If mutagenicity were related to carcinogenic!ty, less costly carcinogenic
screening tests for chemicals could be possible. Du Font's Haskell Labs, are
now working towards this end, feeling that simple tests to identify compounds
for more extensive animal testing are possible because of the 80% mutation
screening rates in bacteria. Current, chronic testing for one carcinogen can
run to $300,000 over as long as 3 years.
9-0056
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
POLLUTANT "TRAVEL" MAY BRING REVISION OF CLEAN AIR STRATEGIES
Environ. Rept. 5. (14): 105-6 (Nov. 25, 1974)
According to a soon-to-be-released report ("Monitoring and Air Quality Trends
Report, 1973, EPA-450-1-74-007), air pollutants such as ozone and some hydro-
carbons are being transported through air, covering hundreds of miles from
their urban sources to rural areas. EPA may have to completely revise current
air pollution control strategies.
-399-
-------
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 9-0002, Arsenic
-400-
-------
10-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
(Production)
Anon
A 400,000-TONS/YEAR AMMONIA PLANT. . . .
Chem Wk. 115 (25): 17 (Dec. 18, 1974)
Monsanto's new 400,000-tons/year ammonia plant planned for Luling, LA., will use
the Kellogg1s design and process technology. When on-stream in late 1976, Monsanto's
production of ammonium nitrate and other ammonia-based chemicals, such as acrylo-
nitrile, will be boosted.
10-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
FOODS-SAFETY ISSUE NOW FOCUSES ON ABS AND NITRILE BARRIER MATERIALS
Mod. Plast. 51_ (12): 18 (1974)
Because of "a previously unknown migration problem of acrylonitrile monomer
which may be common to many food-contact articles containing acrylonitrile
monomers," FDA proposes to permit food-contact use of acrylonitrile polymers
and ABS for a limited time.
A three-year storage test at desert temperatures of acrylonitrile-content
copolymer bottles for carbonated beverages showed that acrylonitrile monomer
could be extracted up to 0.24 ppm. Although animal-feeding studies indicated
a tentative no effect level of 38 ppm in the diets of animals tested, FDA made
its decision on the basis of a 100-fold safety factor, setting a limit of not
more than 0.3 ppm for the acrylonitrile monomer from food-contact articles.
Users will have to continue toxicological studies towards establishing a no-
effect migration level.
Potential new market for nitrile bottles may suffer setback.
-401-
-------
ACRYLONITRILE
See also: 10-0009, Flame Retardanta
-402-
-------
10-0003
ARSENIC
Ledet, A.E. et al
CLINICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL, AND PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARSANILIC POISONING IN SWINE
Clin. Toxicol. 61 439 (1973)
Pigs fed 1000 ppm arsanilic acid (10 times the recommended quantity) In a
balanced ration continuously for up to 27 days were killed In groups of three
at 2- or 3-day intervals from day 4, for autopsy and assay of tissue samples
for arsenic. The highest As levels were found in the kidney and the liver,
with maximal AS levels reached on or before day 13 of feeding. Cutaneous
hyperaemia and hyperaesthesia as well as incoordination were some of the
conditions that developed. No gross lesions were noted, but there were
consistent histopathological changes involving demyelination of peripheral nerves,
optic nerves and optic tracts.
Additional studies showed rapid clearance of As from edible tissues: pig which
developed posterior paresis on the 1000 ppm diet showed no clinical improvement
when transferred to an As-free diet for 10-38 days before being killed.
[Abstr. in Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12_ (5/6): 783-4 (Oct. 1974)]
10-0004
ARSENIC
Beaudoin, Allan R.
TERATOGENICITY OF SODIUM ARSENATE IN RATS
Teratology 10 (2): 153-8 (Oct. 1974)
To study the embryolethal and teratogenic effects of arsenate, pregnant Wistar
rats were injected ip with different doses of sodium arsenate at one of days
7-12 of gestation. The most susceptible period was at gestation days 8, 9, and
10 with a dose of 30 mg/kg. Soft-tissue changes noted were eye defects, exencephaly,
renal agenesis, and gonadal agenesis. Also noted were skeletal abnormalities,
particularly the absence in experimental fetuses of the atlas bones. The optimum
teratogenic dose of arsenate in rats, 30 mg/kg, is compared to the most effective
dose in hamsters, cited as 20-25 mg/kg, and in mice as 45 mg/kg.
-403-
-------
10-0005
ARSENIC
Dept. of Trade and Industry: Laboratory of the Government Chemist
REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT CHEMIST 1972
HMSO, London, 1973. 180 pp. i 1.15
In the period reported, about 40% of the work of the Laboratory of the
Government Chemist was related to environmental matters, largely pesticides.
In the development of field tests for the determination of toxic substances
In factory atmospheres, particular attention was given to the aromatic amines,
1-naphthylamine, di-(4-amino-3chlorophenyl methane) (MOCA) and N,N-dimethylaniline
and to lead. Heavy metals, particularly arsenic and cadmium, In factory fume
emissions have been studied on behalf of the Alkali and Clean Air Inspectorate.
[Review In: Food, Cosmet. Toxicol. 12 (5/6): 747-8 (Oct. 1974)]
10-0006
ARSENIC
Kroes, R. et al
STUDY ON THE CARCINOGENICITY OF LEAD ARSENATE AND SODIUM ARSENATE AND ON
THE POSSIBLE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12_ (5/6): 671-9 (Oct. 1974)
In a study designed to determine the potential carcinogen!city of lead arsenate
or sodium arsenate, alone, or in combination with dlethylnitrosamine (DENA),
certain rats were given a diet containing 1850 or 463 ppm of lead arsenate or
416 ppm of sodium arsenate. Other rats received the lower dose of lead arsenate
or 416 ppm sodium arsenate in combination with DENA. Over the two-year period
of the study, lead arsenate at the level of 1850 ppm was judged to be toxic and
there were indications that it may be a weak carcinogen acting primarily on the
kidneys and liver. There was no evidence that sodium arsenate at the level of
416 ppm was carcinogenic or that DENA produced any additive or synergistic effects,
-404-
-------
ARSENIC
See also: 10-0029, Vinyl Chloride
-405-
-------
*10-0007
ASBESTOS
Howard, W.F.
ASBESTOS AND HEALTH (Letter to Editor)
Nature 252 (5484): 523 (Dec. 13, 1974)
The writer, a member of Asbestos Information Committee, London, chides Peter J. Smith
for choosing asbestos as an example of an ignored health problem in his recent
article ("Nature," October 18). Although the number of new cases of asbestosis
may be higher than in the 1950's, there has been no additional Increase in the
number of these cases since the 1967 peak of 168. Stringent controls imposed by
the Asbestos Regulations 1969 have reduced the number of asbestosis cases to a
low level and may eventually eliminate them completely.
-406-
-------
10-0008
FLAME RETARDANTS
Eisenberg, B.J. and Weil E.D.
A REVIEW OF DURABLE FLAME RETARDANTS
Text. Chem. Color. £ (12): 23-7 (1974)
Flame retardant additives and coreactants for various textile fibers and flame
retardant treatments for different fabrics are reviewed. Among the additives '
discussed are propoxyphosphazene for rayon; tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
for acetates; hexabromobenzene and others for polyester; and various high melting
halogenated polycyclics for polyolefin fibers. Modification of acrylics with
halogenated comonomers (e.g., vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, or vinyl
bromide) imparts flame resistance.
THPC, THPOH, and Fyrol are among the flame retardant treatments available for
cotton fabrics; tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, for polyester fabrics; while
systems containing titanium or zirconium salts are generally used for wood carpets
and fabrics.
Apparently, additives, modification of the base polymer, and the application of
finishes will remain the main routes to achieve flame retardance in fibers and
fabrics.
10-0009
FLAME RETARDANTS
St. Mard, Hubert H. et al
A NOVEL SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FR FABRICS
Text. Chem. Color. £ (12): 38-41 (1974)
To determine if flame retardant fabrics could be made by blending treated or
untreated cotton with synthetic fibers, tests were made using a matrix fiber of
polyvinyl alcohol and PVC and also a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylidene
chloride (modacrylic), which were mixed with cotton treated with THPC type com-
pounds. Evaluations were made on the basis of the oxygen index (01) technique.
No increase in 01 values was noted, except when a small amount of antimony oxide
was included in the resin treatment formulations as a supplementary flame retar-
dant.
-407-
-------
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
See: 10-0008, Flame Retardants
-408-
-------
10-0010
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
PATENT REPORT ON FLAME RETARDANTS
Text. Chem. Color. £ (12): 50 (1974)
Available from Lexington Data Inc., Box 311, Lexington, MA, 02173, is the third
annual supplement to "Patent Report on Flame Retardants." This supplement
(Report No. 2-7374) is priced at $90/copy and contains abstracts of over 400 US
patents op the preparation and application of flame retardants, which issued
between July 1973 and June 1974.
-409-
-------
*10-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
DiPaolo,Therese and Sandorfy,C.
FLUOROCARBON ANAESTHETICS BREAK HYDROGEN BONDS
Nature 252, (5483): 471-2 (Dec. 6, 1974)
Many fluorocarbon derivatives containing higher halogens dissociate hydrogen
bonds of the N-H--N, 0-H--0, S-HS, N-H--0-C type which are similar to those
in living organisms. A parallelism is noted between this property of fluoro-
carbons and their anesthetic potency as well as, possibly, to their inter-
ference with cell division. One observation is that if the fluorocarbon
contains a hydrogen, its potency of hydrogen-bond breaking greatly increases.
Previous studies indicate that halothane, a widely used inhalation anesthetic,
arrests mitosis. Because mitosis goes through several phases Involving the
breaking and the formation of the hydrogen bonds that keep the two parts of the
nucleic acid double helix together, it may be that the fluorocarbon anesthetics
interfere with cell division by perturbing or breaking hydrogen bonds around
or in the helices, or in the mitotic spindle.
*10-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FLUOROCARBON BAN WOULD BE PREMATURE
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (51): 12 (Dec. 23, 1974)
Witnesses from the scientific community, industry, and government before the
House Subcommittee on Public Health and Environment agreed, in general, that
the federal government should not immediately ban fluorocarbons, but should
authorize intensive research on their effects on the earth's atmosphere.
Potential effects of chlorofluorocarbons, following their breakdown by UV
radiation in the stratosphere, include decomposition of stratospheric ozone.
This could cause an increase in skin cancer cases, changes in the growth
pattern of food crops, climatic and meteorological effects, and possible
disruptions in the behavior patterns of a number of species.
Yet, the economic impact of banning fluorocarbons would be great. Industries
dependent on chlorofluorocarbon production are expected to contribute over
$8 billion to the GNP in 1974, and employ about 200,000 people.
-410-
-------
*10-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANT SAFETY DEMONSTRATED IN MEDICAL STUDIES
HAPPI 11_ (12): 72,87 (1974)
Studies on the direct effect of fluorocarbon propellants on various parts of
the body show that their "safety range is tremendous in normal use." Results
of four completed studies and two research projects in progress were reported
at the recent Inter-industry Aerosol Safety Conference.
Dr. R. Stewart, Medical College of Wisconsin, reported no adverse effects on
humans exposed to 1, 2 and 8 hours of varying concentrations of propellants
11 and 12. Dr. D. Blake, Johns Hopkins University found that no metabolites
were formed by the gases reacting with body chemicals and reported no long-
term storage of the gases in body organs or fluids. Dr. N. Flowers, Medical
College of Georgia, found that fluorocarbon propellant 11 has its initial
effect upon the cardiac electrical system at 140,000 ppm and irreversible
effects at 180,000 ppm, highly in excess of the OSHA standard of 1000 ppm;
fluorocarbon propellant 12 had no effect on the heartbeat up to 800,000 ppm.
Dr. G. Laurenzi, Respiratory Disease Laboratory, found that the lung could
clear both gram positive and gram negative bacteria in tests in which mice
were exposed to 1000 ppm of propellants 11 and 12 and a mixture of both.
Dr. R. Albert, NYU Medical Center, is studying the upper respiratory system
defense mechanisms, using donkeys, and so far has found that the gases do not
detrimentally affect mucociliary clearance rate. Another study at the II. of
Washington Medical School, is aimed as determining the cardiorespiratory
effects of the gases on cosmetologists.
-411-
-------
10-0014
ISOCYANATES
Tanser, A.R., et al
ISOCYANATE ASTHMA: RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY DIPHENYL-METHANE DI-ISOCYANATE
Thorax 2J3: 596 (1973)
Although the hazards of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the production of
polyurethane materials are well documented, less is known of the safety-in-use
of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), which has been thought to be an insignificant
vapor hazard because of its low volatility.
Recently, however, workers exposed to MDI in a factory producing rigid foams
showed respiratory effects. Four of 57 workers developed hypersensitivity to
MDI. Ten others experienced irritant effects, mainly of the respiratory tract
when exposed to MDI vapor. These findings indicate that the precautions necessary,
when MDI is used, should be as rigorous as those that have been applied for many
years to TDI. [Abstr. in: Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12. (5/6): 789-90 (Oct. 1974)]
10-0015
ISOCYANATES
Anon
MDI URETHANES
Mod. Plast. 51^ (12): 24 (1974)
IPRC Corp., Farmingdale, NJ, announces Iporane-P, a series of urethane prepolymers
based on polycaprolactone and diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI). The six
grades of Iporane-P available cure with conventional agents and reputedly resembles
polyesters in mechanical strength while possessing the hydrolytic stability arid
low-temp flexibility of polyethers.
-412-
-------
ISOCYANATES
See also: 10-0021, Polyurethanes
10-0022, Polyurethanes
-413-
-------
10-0016
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Aim, Alvin L.
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CHOICES FOR THE FUTURE
Chem. Eng. Progr. 70 (12): 15-9 (1974)
Among the alternatives to solving our energy problems, EPA includes coal
gasification and liquefaction as ways of reducing sulfur emissions associated
with the combustion of coal. Another alternative, oil shale, has many sig-
nificant environmental impacts. Both conventional and in situ retorting
processes cause air pollution even though stack gas scrubbers might alleviate
some emission problems. Other problems are the magnitude of the mining operation
and the generation of waste products. Spent shale, greater in volume than the
original shale will be troublesome from the standpoint of disposal. It may
not be feasible to revegetate the spent shale. In addition, there is the question
of obtaining sufficient water for compaction and irrigation of the spent shale.
Added to these problems are various economical and social Issues.
10-0017
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
A $6.9 MILLION CONTRACT FOR A COAL GASIFICATION PROJECT. . . .
Chem. Eng. News 52_ (51): 13 (Dec. 23, 1974)
Under a $6.9 million Office of Coal Research contract, Rockwell International,
Los Angeles, will assess the feasibility of a low-Btu process for generating
electricity. A planned pilot plant, based on the molten salt coal gasification
method, will convert 5 tons/hr of 11,780 Btu-per-lb coal to 150 Btu-per-cu ft
gas at 1800°F and 5 atm.
-414-
-------
10-0018
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
COMBINING COAL GASIFICATION WITH ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. . .
Chem. Eng. News 52 (51): 13 (Dec. 23, 1974)
American Natural Gas, NYC, and Basin Electric Power, Bismarck, ND, are considering
a $1 billion project near Beulah, ND, to assess the potential savings in coal,
water, and construction resulting from combining coal gasification with electric
power generation. An electrical plant, using fine coal, would supply steam to a
coal gasification plant, which would use coarse coal. Intake water would be
shared by both plants.
-415-
-------
io-ooiy
4,4'-METHYLENE BIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
Anon
URETHANES WITH DIVERSE PROPERTIES
Mod. Plast. 51 (12): 24 (1974)
From Pelron Corp., Lyons, Illinois: a new family of urethanes that cure with
4,4'-methylenebis-(2«chloroaniline) (MOCA), comprised of six prepolymers and four
two-component systems. The latter, containing dissolved MOCA, can be processed
at 80°F, molded at 150°F, and demolded in 20 minutes.
4,4'-METHYLENE BIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
See: 10-0005, Arsenic
See also: 10-0021, Polyurethanes
-416-
-------
10-0020
NAPHTHYLAMINES
McPherson, F. et al
IN VITRO ENHANCEMENT OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL BIPHENYL 2-HYDROXYLATION BY CARCINOGENS
Nature 252 (5483): 488-9 (Dec. 6, 1974)
Because it is not feasible to assess the carcinogenic potential of all natural
and synthetic chemicals in the environment by existing in vivo methods, the
authors suggest that their in vitro method might provide a basis for a pre-
liminary screening system which, in conjunction with other such tests, might be
valuable in detecting potential carcinogens. They report that the in vitro
incubation of some chemically dissimilar compounds, carcinogenic to rat
hepatic mlcrosomes in the presence of NADPH, produces a selective increase in
biphenyl 2-hydroxylation, but does not significantly affect biphenyl 4-hydro-
yxlation. Non-carcinogens do not enhance either hydroxylase. Among the
compounds tested were a-and B-napthylamine. Apparently, the enhancement of the
hepatic biphenyl 2-hydroxylase activity is not confined solely to hepato-
carcinogens because B-napthylamine, benz(a)pyrene and methylcholanthrene were
all effective.
NAPTHTHYLAMINES
See: 10-0005, Arsenic
-417-
-------
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See also: 10-0023, Trlchloroethylene
-418-
-------
10-0021
POLYURETHANES
Anon
OSHA-SAFE URETHANE ELASTOMER
Mod. Plast. 51_ (12): 24 (1974)
According to Cal Polymers, Inc., Long Beach, California, its Calthane 1700, a
2-part filled urethane elastomer contains no TDI nor MOCA, thus eliminating concern
about compliance with OSHA's safety requirements for these two compounds. Calthane
1700 is useful as a mold material for rigid urethane foam.
10-0022
POLYURETHANES
(Production)
Wood, A. Stuart
SUPPLY STATUS REPORT No. 8: POLYURETHANES
Mod. Plast. 51^ (12): 60-2 (1974)
Ample new raw material capacity is going up, but supporting feed supply is still
a worry to polyurethane producers faced with an expanding market. Announced
capacity hikes in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) by Dow, BASF Wyandotte, Rubicon,
and Mobay plus hikes in polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI) by Mobay
and others will up isocyanates capability to 380,000 and 250,000 metric tons,
respectively, by the end of 1976. More diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
seen needed for growing thermoplastic urethane markets. Automotive and TV
markets will use more urethanes. Prices of raw materials are rising. Table
shows 1974 and 1976 capacity for TDI and PMPPI/pure MDI for 10 producers.
-419-
-------
POLYURETHANES
See: 10-0014, Isocyanates
10-0015, Isocyanates
10-0019, MQCA
-420-
-------
10-0023
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
(Markets)
Fallwell, William F.
CHLORINE SHORTAGE SHOWS SIGNS OF EASING
Chem. Eng. News 5.2 (50): 9-10 (Pec. 16, 1974)
New plants will offer additional chlorine capacity, but the gas's widespread use
makes it vulnerable to an economic slowdown. Chlorinated organics are in strong
demand, but a continuing drop in the automobile market could mean a drop in tri-
chloroethylene used in metals degreasing. Demand for trichloroethylene in 1975
may not be high, but neither will be production capacity. Demand is now down for
perchloroethylene used largely in dry cleaning.
10-0024
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Sagawa, K. et al
TRANSVERSE LESION OF SPINAL CORD AFTER ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed. 3^: 257 (1973)
An industrial over-exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) caused initial abdominal
discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of inebriation, followed by cramps
in the extremities in a young female worker. Later, she experienced increasing
headache, nausea, vomiting, and was not able to stand or walk unaided. After
9 months, she gained only a slight amount of mobility. Another women involved
in the exposure suffered less severe consequences. Tests showed the first wo-
man was exposed to several thousand ppm of TCE, but the possibility exists that
contaminants other than the TCE itself may have been responsible. [Abstr in:
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. .12 (5/6): 795 (Oct. 1974)]
-421-
-------
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See: 10-0016, Liquefaction and Gasification of Coal
-422-
-------
10-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
UPDATE
Mod. Plast. 51 (12); 62 (1974)
PVC suppliers now have another worry to add to the woes associated with OSHA
rulings - vinyl chloride monomer capacity shows no signs of an upswing. Never-
theless, suppliers are still planning PVC capacity growth. Robintech Inc.,
which went onstream in October at its new Freeport, Texas, plant (joint with
Shin-Etsu Chemical, Tokyo) with an operating capacity of 100,000 tons/yr, will
add 68,000 tons by 1 Jan 1976. By then, Robintech with a 282,000-ton PVC capacity
should trail only Goodrich as a top U.S. producer.
10-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE MONITORS MOVE ON MARKET
Chem. Eng. 52_ (50): 24-5 (Dec. 16, 1974)
The instrument industry stands to gain from the current concern over vinyl chloride
safety in the workplace. A wide variety of new monitoring instruments, which use
various methods, are described. Evidently, VC manufacturers will be able to
match instrument choice with budget in complying with new worker exposure standards.
-423-
-------
10-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
WILL PART OF THE U.S. VINYL CHLORIDE AND PVC....
Chem. Eng. 81_ (27): 21-2 (Dec. 23, 1974)
The Society of the Plastics Industry, fearful that some vinyl chloride and PVC
industries may have to close by year-end because of the OSHA requirement for
respiratory protective equipment, has petitioned for a court stay of the OSHA
order. Although OSHA specifies the equipment as necessary only above 5 ppm, SPI
feels many industries cannot reduce exposure levels under 5 ppm.
10-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Ricci, Larry J.
CANCER QUESTIONS PLAGUE CPI
Chem. Eng. 81 (27): 28-30 (Dec. 23, 1974)
The problems and confusions facing the chemical process industries over the
potential carcinogenicity of various chemicals are reviewed. Among the problems;
type of evidence needed to identify a chemical carcinogen, value of premarket
screening for new chemicals, and definition of an acceptable cancer risk.
These problems have been emphasized because of the report by Maltoni that VCM
caused liver cancer in rats. Maltoni feels that workers in plants where the
carcinogenicity of chemicals is undetected are in graver danger than VCM workers.
-424-
-------
10-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
CANCER WORRIES SPARK AN AGGRESSIVE NIOSH
Chem. Eng. 81 (27): 36 (Dec. 23, 1974)
NIOSH wants more stringent standards for chemicals in the workplace. Although
NIOSH's mission is that of assessing health problems and recommending standards
to OSHA, NIOSH is pressing for "no detectable limit" levels in new standards,
e.g., arsenic. Increasing cases of industrial cancer in the last 10 or more years,
additional cases of angiosarcoma from VC, and the high incidence of cancer among
coke oven workers are reasons cited.
10-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
PROGNOSIS FOR PLASTICS: IN RECESSION, NO REGRESSION
Chem. Wk. 115 (25): 18-9 (Dec. 18, 1974)
In this overview of plastics production and uses, it is mentioned that even
though industry is worried about the costs of meeting the VCM standards, pro-
ducers are building polymerization units to increase PVC resins capacity by
about 33%, to more than 6.5 billion Ibs/yr by late 1976.
-425-
-------
10-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
CUses)
Anon
SEASON'S GREETINGS!
Chem. Wk. 115 (25): 20 (Dec. 18, 1974)
Some 4-4.5 million artificial Christmas trees with PVC needles will be sold in
1974, according to American Technical Industries, the largest U.S. producer.
10-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
Rannug, U. et al
THE MUTAGENICITY OF VINYL CHLORIDE AFTER METABOLIC ACTIVATION
Ambio 111 (5): 193-7 (1974)
The carcinogenic effects of vinyl chloride in man prompted this study to determine
if mutagenicity testing would be a useful means of detecting carcinogens in the
human environment, a close correlation between chemical carcinogenicity and
chemical mutagenicity having been noted. Studies with Salmonella bacteria indi-
cate that VC's carcinogenicity potential could have been traced via mutagenicity
tests. The results show that VC in itself will not induce point mutations unless
it is activated by a metabolite.
-426-
-------
10-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
IMPOSITION OF STRICT NEW STANDARDS FOR EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE...
Chem. Eng. News 52! (51): 6 (Dec. 23, 1974)
The U.S. Court of Appeals, NYC, has stayed the 1 Jan. 1975 imposition of OSHA
standards for exposure to vinyl chloride; will later decide on a review of the
standards as requested by the Society of the Plastics Industry and producers.
10-0034
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
WHAT THE OSHA STANDARD ON VINYL CHLORIDE MEANS
Mod. Plast. J51 (12): 100, 102 (1974)
Reprint of a summary interpretation by the general counsel of the Society of
the Plastics Industry (SPI) of the new OSHA standard for exposure to vinyl
chloride, offered to help fabricators to comply with the standard. Covers
need to monitor and measure, steps to take if an employee is exposed over the
"action level" of 0.5 ppm or if areas are discovered to be in excess of the
permissible limit, necessary signs and labels, and the need to provide em-
ployees with training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride
and precautions for its safe use.
-427-
-------
10-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SPE RETEC REFLECTS PROCESSORS' WORRIES ABOUT VCM STANDARDS
Mod. Plast. 51 (12): 104, 106 (1974)
Manufacturers, processors, and fabricators at a Regional Technical Conference
(Retec) in N.Y.C. on 31 Oct.-l Nov. on "VCMThe Processors' Perspective" heard
industry's objections and Government's view on OSHA standard for exposure levels.
Industry claims low levels required are not necessary for health, technology to
comply does not now exist, and there may be a loss of some 2.2 million jobs and
approximately $90 billion off GNP through forced shutdowns. EPA also plans to
establish a standard for monomer and polymer plants to cut emissions by 75% in
resin plants and 90% in monomer plants. This may cause an additional 4% price
rise for PVC. EPA is also studying VCM's behavior in water. FDA is investiga-
ting potential hazards, as carcinogenicity, of VCM in contact with food. Euro-
pean developments and possible actions by industry to reduce hazards were dis-
cussed.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 10-0008, Flame Retardants
10-0009,' Flame Retardants
-428-
-------
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
See: 10-0008, Flame Retardants
10-0009, Flame Retardants
-429-
-------
10-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Kett, Terence K. et al
RESID CONVERSION ROUTE
Chem. Eng. 81 (27): 40-1 (Dec. 23, 1974)
Process descriptions, yields and costs for various residua are discussed in this
article on Flexicoking, a new process from Exxon Research and Engineering Co.
This coke gasification process, which converts the usual 15-25% coke byproduct into
fuel gas, allows refiners to produce readily-desulfurizable liquids and gases from
vacuum residuum and other heavy feedstocks, while maintaining a clean plant
environment
10-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Burchard, John K.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
JAPCA .24 (12) : 1141-2 (1974)
As air pollutants, particulates under 3 microns in diameter are now being recognized
as definite health hazards because of their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs,
when inhaled. Such penetration is a function of the geometry of fine particulates,
in general; specific toxic effects are governed by the specific chemicals inhaled.
In addition, nonrespiratory fine particles deposited in the lungs may be transported
to the gastrointestinal system or to other body tissues, where they cause health
problems. Industrials sources of fine particulates and methods for their control
are discussed briefly.
This paper and 15 others, covering emission standards for particulates, methods
of determining particulate properties, control techniques, etc., presented at a
recent Symposium, sponsored by the Control Systems Laboratory of EPA and GCA/
Technology Division, which was held in Boston, MA, April 8-10, 1974, are presented
in this issue of JAPCA on pp. 1140-97.
-430-
-------
10-0038
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
OZONE TO PURIFY WATER?
Science News 106 (23): 362 (Dec. 7, 1974)
An alternative to chlorine for purifying water might be ozone, which because of
its high unstability should disappear from drinking water before the water reaches
the household faucet. France has depended on ozonation for water purification
for more than 70 years, and Moscow is about to use the method for purifying over
33% of its water. The recent EPA announcement that chlorination of water may
result in the formation of carcinogens is the reason for current U.S. concern.
10-0039
GENERAL INFORMATION
Glaus, G. et al .
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND IN THE HUMAN DIET: CAN A THRESHOLD
BE ESTABLISHED?
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12. (5/6) : 737-46 (Oct. 1974)
Because of problems with numbers (e.g., uncertainties regarding extrapolation
from findings with test animals to acceptable exposures for man plus the long
induction time of effects), some investigators engaged in cancer research de-
note the dose-response testing procedures of classical toxicology "crude and
insensitive" when applied to the carcinogenicity testing of chemicals. The
authors explore the problems, discussing three proposed methods for establish-
ing a "safe" exposure level.
-431-
-------
10-0040
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cooper, P.
MORE FACETS OF FLUORIDE
Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 12 (5/6): 757-76 (Oct. 1974)
Review of new human studies and animal experiments conducted to determine where
the hazards of fluoride begin and the benefits end.
10-0041
. . GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
STUDIES ON DICHLORVOS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12 (5/6): 765-72 (Oct. 1974)
An overview of reported studies on the safety and use of the organophosphorus
pesticide, dichlorvos, concludes that on the basis of available information
there is no substantial evidence of hazard to man from the use of dichlorvos
in the prescribed manner.
-432-
-------
10-0042
GENERAL INFORMATION
Delfino, Joseph J.
DRINKING WATER STUDY (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 5.2 (51): 3 (Dec. 23, 1974)
Commenting on the (C&EN, Nov. 18, p.44) report of EPA's finding of trace con-
taminants in New Orleans' drinking water, the writer cautions that thought must
be given to the ways that different halogenated organics are produced in water
systems. He suggests that chloroform, for instance, might be present in the
drinking water because of effluent discharges upstream rather than as the result
of in situ formation.
10-0043
GENERAL INFORMATION
Piecuch, Peter J.
THE CHLORINATION CONTROVERSY (Editorial)
Journal WPCF 46. (12) : 2637 (1974)
Detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons, including some suspected carcinogens, in
drinking water has raised concern about chlorination as a disinfecting technique.
The author cautions against premature banning of chlorination until the scope of
the problem is more clearly defined and the impact of alternative strategies eva-
luated.
-433-
-------
10-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ward, P.S.
CARCINOGENS COMPLICATE CHLORINE QUESTION
Journal WPCF 46. (12): 2638-40 (1974)
A new problem associated with the use of chlorine for disinfection, the problem
of human health effects, crops up now that chlorinated hydrocarbons (some poten-
tial carcinogens) have been found in drinking water. Alternative disinfectants,
Including bromine chloride and ozone, are discussed in light of a trade-off in
choice of, hazard. Currently, the benefits of chlorination seem to outweigh the
potential harmful effects of compounds that may be created by the process.
10-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Liebman, Joel-F.
DISPOSING OF WASTE AT SEA (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 5^2 (51) : 3 (Dec. 23, 1974)
Disposal of organic chlorides at sea via incineration without an alkali trap
(C&EN, Oct. 14, p.5; Nov. 18, p.43) might, according to this writer, disturb the
ecological balance of the ocean or release chlorine atoms into the atmosphere
to cause an eventual depletion of the ozone layer.
As alternatives, he suggests incorporating an effective alkali trap on the burn-
ing platform, seeking alternative disposal methods, or re-using the organic wastes,
-434-
-------
10-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Singer, Philip C., Ed.
TRACE METALS AND METAL-ORGANIC INTERACTIONS IN NATURAL WATERS
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, 380 pp.
(1973)
The reactions of metals in water, particularly with organic compounds which have
a tendency to bind metals, are discussed in the light of the potential effects
of metals on the quality of natural waters. Effects on humans, toxic potential
for aqueous life, and availability of nutrients for plant growth are some of the
aspects considered.
10-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cross, Frank L., Jr.
HANDBOOK ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Technomic Publishing Inc., 265 West State St., Westport, Conn. 06880, 242 pp.
(1974)
Up-to-date techniques for monitoring all types of pollution air, water, noise,
solid waste, pesticides, radioactivity, and industrial hygiene are presented.
All aspects, from the collection through the evaluation of data, are covered.
Numerous diagrams, checklists, tables, and photographs contribute to effective
use of the handbook.
-435-
-------
11-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
LIQUID POLYMERS
Rubber Age 106 (12) : 72 (1974)
New from B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Cleveland, are Hycar ATBN and VTBN,
reactive liquid polymers used to modify expoxy, polyester, and urethane resins.
ATBN, a diprimary, amine terminated polybutadiene: acrylonitrile, is
suggested as a curing agent for epoxy resins or for use in novel urethane
prepolymer systems. VTBN, a vinyl-terminated polybutadiene: acrylonitrile,
offers the possibility of less brittle polyester resin formulations and may be
a useful polymer base in polymer syrup-vinylidene monomer low viscosity
castable systems.
-436-
-------
11-0002
ARSENIC
Tarumoto, T. and Freiser, H.
DETERMINATION OF TRACE LEVEL QUANTITIES OF ARSENIC VIA A NOVEL KINETIC METHOD
Anal. Chem. 47 (1): 180-2 (1975)
Having determined through the literature that arsenic accelerated the
formation of the complex between osmium and thiourea, and that maximum
sensitivity in analytical methods involving chemical reactions are those
in which the component of interest is a catalyst rather than a stoichio-
metrically involved reaction, the authors developed their reported kinetic
method for the determination of arsenic. They tested the method on the
determination of arsenic in a human lung tissue sample.
11-0003
ARSENIC
Anon
ACUTE ARSINE POISONING
Lancet, II (7894): 1433 (Dec. 14, 1974)
Recently, 17 members of the crew of a containership became ill (4 seriously)
when arsine leaked from two cylinders into the ship's hold. Arsine, a color-
less, non-irritating gas with a garlic odor, is a toxic chemical. Its toxic
effects; reviewed by B.A. Fowler and J.B. Weissberg [New Eng. J. Med. 29, 1171
(1974)2, involve the blood and kidneys, primarily. Exposure to only 3 ppm
will cause abdominal pains accompanied by liver tenderness in from 2-24 hours.
Presence in the urine, which becomes dark-red, and jaundice are indicators of
arsine poisoning. Oliguric renal failure may occur in 3 days and may lead to
death, if not properly treated by hemodialysis.
The arsine that leaked on the ship was apparently intended to go into the
manufacture of transistors. Burning of fossil fuels containing arsenic might
increase the possibility of more arsine poisoning.
-437-
-------
*11-0004
ASBESTOS
Goldfield, Joseph and Brandt, F.E.
DUST CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY
Amer. Ind. Hyg. Ass. J. _35_ (12): 799-808 (1974)
Asbestos fiber, relatively inert to some chemicals and highly temperature
resistant, are widely used in industry. It is known, however, that chronic
exposure to high concentrations of the fibers will cause lung disease.
Using examples from asbestos mills, asbestos-cement pipe plants and textile
plants, the authors review the handling methods and the methods used to reduce
or control dust exposures.
*11-0005
ASBESTOS
Hain, E. and Dalquen, P.
CATAMNESTIC STUDIES OF THE GENESIS OF MESOTHELIOMA. RETROSPECTIVE
STUDY OF 150 CASES OF MESOTHELIOMA IN HAMBURG AREA.
Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed. 33_ (1): 15-37 (1974) (In German)
An examination of the death records of 251 individuals In the area of Hamburg,
Germany, who died from mesothelloma, showed that 85 had an occupational ex-
posure to asbestos dust. Of these 18 had experienced a very high degree of
exposure in the related textile and insulating industries; 67 had a lesser
degree of exposure in other occupations, especially ship-building. A control
group (35 mesothelioma patients had worked with asbestos, 25 lived near an
asbestos factory) indicated the mean age at death to be 65 years the latent
period about 40 years.
It is recommended that mesothelioma be included in the planned new european
list of occupational diseases. The disease can be caused by a 2-year exposure
to asbestos dust; latent period is 20 years. Massive exposure might shorten
these time periods.
-438-
-------
11-0006
BROMINATED BIPKENYLS
Kaiser, Klaus L.E.
ON THE OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Environ. Pollut. (7): 93-101 (Sept. 1974)
Although the environmental contamination potential of PCB's has been recognized
in recent years and numerous studies have been made on their toxicity, their
synergistic effects on biota, their biological effects, and other character-
istics, no studies have been conducted on their possible optical isomerism and
the potential environmental hazards of any optical isomers. This qualitative,
semi-quantitative study covers molecular optical isomerism of those PCB isomers
expected to be stable under environmental conditions. Data are also included
on the conformation, optical properties and activation energies for the race-
mization of 3,3'-dibromo biphenyl and 2,2'-dibromo-4,4-dicarboxy biphenyl.
-439-
-------
11-0007
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
Anon
OSHA STANDARD STALLED
Chem. Wk. 116 (1)! 12 (Jan. 1, 1975)
Two appeals courts in Philadelphia delayed OSHA'S plans to put into effect
standards for Moca [DuPont's trade name for 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)]
and vinyl chloride, but upheld OSHA'S argument that its standards for Moca
and for methylchloromethyl ether and 3,3' -dichlorobenzidine were valid.
The judges found that the "record" supported Osha's claim that these three
materials were carcinogenic.
Another court, in New York, granted a stay on vinyl chloride standards,
based on arguments concerning a shortage of respirators needed to meet
OSHA'S low-level exposure limits.
-440-
-------
11-0008
FLAME RETABDANTS
Philpot, Charles W.
FLAME RETARDANTS AND PARTICULATE FROM WOOD FIRES
Combust. Scl. Technol. 9; 13-16 (1974)
The author questions assumptions of Depew, Mann, and Corlett in a 1972
publication in which they had apparently, among other conclusions,
reported that the effects of all flame retardants are alike.
In this discussion of flame retardants and particulates (char and tar)
from wood fires, Philpot reports on the flame retardant effects of
diaramonium phosphate (DAP) and ammonium sulfate (AS) and cites differences
between their effects. Zinc chloride, and sodium dichromate are mentioned
as having been found to increase and decrease, respectively, the smoke
index values in tests on Douglas-fir plywood.
On p. 16, R.C. Corlett and C.A. Depew refute Philpot's interpretation
of their paper.
-441-
-------
*11-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Galley, Phil^
MORE RESEARCH URGED ON OZONE-LOSS THEORY
The Boston Globe, p.20 (Dec. 25, 1974)
A review of the current controversy on the potential hazards of
fluorocarbon depletion of ozone in the stratosphere, which cites
the opinion of Dr. F.S. Rowland, University of California, that even
if aerosol sprays were banned immediately enough fluorocarbons are now
in the atmosphere to cause a 5 to 8% reduction in ozone over the
next 10 to 15 years. This reduction could cause 8000 new cases of
cancer each year in the U.S., or about 40 deaths and 1200 new skin
cancer cases each year for every 1% decrease in the ozone content.
Currently, 600,000 cases of skin cancer resulting in 2000 deaths,
are reported each year in the U.S.
-442-
-------
HALOETHERS
See: 11-0007, 3,3'-Dichlorobens5ldine
-443-
-------
ISOCYANATES
See also: 11-0022, Folyurethanes
-444-
-------
11-0010
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Marynowski, Chester W.
PYROLYSIS OF COAL IN A FLUIDIZED BED WITH AN INDUCTION PLASMA.
Stanford Res. Inst., Final Rept. Jan. 1967-June 1968 (Nov. 1968)
OCR-40-F. (Contract DI-14-01-0001-490). PB-235 318
Possibilities of producing useful chemicals from coal in a fluidized bed when
subjected to a high frequency induction field are studied. The 54-page
narrative report (plus a 200-page bibliography) describing the equipment and
step-by-step procedures in considerable detail could be useful to others
investigating induction plasmas. The coal processing bibliography containing
more than 2,000 entries could be useful in many areas of coal research.
Topics covered include coal gasification, coal tars, shale oil, cost estimates.
[Abstract in: Govt. Repts. Announc. T^L (23): 58 (Nov. 15, 1974)]
11-0011
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
ENGINEERING STUDY AND TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF THE BITUMINOUS COAL
RESEARCH, INC. TWO-STAGE SUPER PRESSURE GASIFICATION PROCESS.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa. Final Rept. June-Oct. 1970
(Mar. 1971). OCR-60-F. (Contract DI-14-32-0001-1204). PB-235 778
An engineering study and technical evaluation of the Two Stage Super Pressure
Gasification Process being developed by Bituminous Coal Research, Incorporated
(BCR) is discussed. The process produces synthetic natural gas with a high
methane content from coal, steam, and oxygen. A preliminary process design
to produce 250 MMSCFD of pipeline gas from a projected full-scale commercial
plant at a mine mouth site in Western Kentucky is developed and fixed and
working capital costs for the plant design and the cost of gas produced by it
are estimated.
[Abstr. in: Govt. Repts. Announc. 74. (23): 59 (Nov. 15, 1974)]
-445-
-------
11-0012
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
O'Hara, J.B. et al
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT DESIGN
Parsons (Ralph M.) Co., Los Angeles, Calif. 14 May 1974. OCR-82-INT-3.
(Contract DI-14-32-0001-1234). PB-235 802
Environmental factors will play an important role in design and operation of
coal liquefaction plants. Such plants are a major national goal and the first
large units could be built during this decade. Proposed treatment methods are
discussed for solid, liquid, and gaseous effluents based on a preliminary
liquefaction plant design. An approach to noise control procedures designed
to satisfy requirements of the Occupational Health and Safely Act is also
described in this report.
[Abstr. in: Govt. Repta. Announc. 74_ (23): 59 (Nov. 15, 1974)]
11-0013
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Goodridge, Edward R.
AMERICAN GASIFICATION PROCESSES INCH CLOSER TO SUCCESS
Coal Age _79_ (12) ; 60-5 (1974)
This year's AGA/OCR symposium reviewed the status -and problems- of the many
processes in the coal-to-gas race, labeling as the four most promising
the C02 Acceptor Process, the Hygas program, Project COED, and the Battelle/
Union Carbide process. Progress is also noted:the liquid-phase methanation
process (LPM) at Chem Systems, Inc., the fluidized-bed methanation work at
Bituminous Coal Research, and in-situ underground coal gasification by the
Bureau of Mines.
-446-
-------
11-0014
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Waterman, W.W.
SURVEY OF THE TECHNIQUES OF COAL CONVERSION
Energie & Tech. 2£: 99-103 (Apr. 1974) (In German)
Review covers the processing conditions and resulting products from known one
or two-stage coal gasification methods and evaluates their prospects. The
developers of special gasification processes are discussed and their methods
reviewed. Additional discussion covers coal pyrolysis, coal liquefaction,
and the possibility of combining two or more coal conversion processes.
[Abstr. in: Combustion 4£ (6): 40 (Dec. 1974)]
11-0015
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
A PROCESS THAT WILL TURN COAL INTO LOW-Btu GAS. . . .
Chem. Wk. 116 (1): 15 (Jan. 1, 1975)
Office of Coal Research contracts for development of a process for converting
coal to low-Btu gas include a $.20.6 million award to Combustion Engineering
for a 4-year project for a 5-tons/year pilot plant. Combinations of the
company's gasification process with electric power production are expected to
yield gas ranging from 150 to 450 Btu/cu ft. Another award, $6.9 million,
went to Rockwell International for a molten-salt gasification pilot plant
expected to convert 5 tons/hour of coal into an environmentally-clean 150-Btu/
cu ft. gas.
-447-
-------
11-0016
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Aarons, Leory F. .
THERE'S COAL IN WYOMING AND THE RUSH IS ON
Boston Globe, p.44 (Dec. 25, 1974)
Gillette, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin which sits on about 22 billion
tons of coal, is gearing up for an economic hoom. Planned, among other things,
are construction of 10 to 13 coal mines and, possibly, two coal gasification
plants. The potential environmental impact is being considered. Currently,
ARCO, Atlantic Richfield is conducting a large-scale ecological study of the
mining sites.
-448-
-------
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
See: 11-0007, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
-449-
-------
11-0017
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Anon
ECOSYSTEMS/MANAGEMENT
Environ. Rept. 5_ (16): 128 (Dec. 20, 1974)
"Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ecology," held at The Hague,
The Netherlands, 8-14 Sept. 1974, contain 98 abstracts and papers covering
ecosystems their nature, functions, and management. For Information, write:
Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, Wagingen, The Netherlands.
11-0018
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Anon
TRACE CONTAMINANTS
Environ. Rept. J5 (16): 128 (Dec. 20, 1974)
Papers presented at the First National Science Foundation Annual Trace Contam-
inants Conference, 8-10 Aug. 1973, have been published as a 775-page report,
"Report CONF-730802," available from NTIS, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield,
Va. 22161 or through AEC/cpntractor channels. Coverage includes transport
modeling, environmental distribution* etc.
-450-
-------
11-0019
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Archer, Wesley L.
SELECTING ALTERNATIVE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
Metal Progr. 106 (5): 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146 (Oct. 1974)
EPA regulations are forcing metal cleaners to substitute "exempt" solvents -
methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and perchloroethylene - for
trichloroethylene in vapor degreasing applications.
Item reviews OSHA standards for chlorinated hydrocarbons, properties of the
solvents, human response to solvent vapors, and use statistics.
-451-
-------
11-0020
POLYURETHANES
Mohr, Ulrich et al
URETHAN AS A CARCINOGEN FOR THE EUROPEAN HAMSTER
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 5.3 (5): 1359-61 (Nov. 1974)
Development of neoplasms in different body regions and at the site of injection
in European hamsters, administered 0.2, 0.1, or 0.05 of the mean lethal dose of
urethan, intraperitoneally, once/week for life, confirms the multipotential
carcinogenicity of this compound. An unusual result was the development in 10%
of the treated animals of adrenal pheochromocytomas, a type of tumor not found
in other animals tested with urethan.
11-0021
POLYURETHANES
Robbins, W. Paul
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PACER FOAM INSTALLATION
Air Force Packaging Evaluation Agency, WPAFB, Ohio. (July 1974)
Rept. No. DSPS-74. AD-784 811
This report evaluates the impact on the environment of an Air Force Polyurethane
foam-in-place packaging concept - nicknamed PACER FOAM. The PACER FOAM concept
is described in terms of mixing and dispensing equipment, ventilation equipment,
and chemical foam components. Assessments are made relative to toxicogenic
hazards to personnel, and the impact of gaseous and solid pollutants on the
environment and solid waste disposal system. It is concluded that all endogenous
variables associated with PACER FOAM operations can be controlled to meet federal,
state, and local regulations.
[Abstract in: Govt. Repts. Announc. 7$. (23): 124 (Nov. 15, 1974)]
-452-
-------
11-0022
POLYURETHANES
Burnett, Ronald D. and Diamond, Philip
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE EVALUATION OF SPRAY APPLICATIONS OF POLYURETHANE COATINGS
Environmental Health Lab., McClellan AFB, Calif. (Nov. 1973)
Rept. No. EHL-M-73 M-10. AD-784 843
The report presents the results of the industrial hygiene evaluations conducted
in the aircraft painting facility (Bldg. 692) at McClellan AFB. California.
The building is a large hangar type structure specifically designed for spray
painting aircraft. The building has a downdraft ventilation system with air
being supplied through numerous ceiling diffusers and exhausted through floor
grills. Painters' exposures or potential exposures to airborne concentrations
of organic solvent vapors, hexamethylene dlisocyanate (HMDI), toluene diiso-
cyanate, and particulates were determined. The highest exposures to solvent
vapors occurred during the cleaning of aircraft surfaces with solvent soaked
rags. HMDI was the only contaminant generated in excessive concentrations during
the spray painting operations. The adequacy of protective clothing and building
ventilation was also studied.
[Abstr. in: Govt. Repts. Announc. 74^ (23): 48 (Nov. 15, 1974)
-453-
-------
POLYURETHANES
See: 11-0001, Acrylonitrile
-454-
-------
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 11-0019, Perchloroethylene
-455-
-------
11-0023
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
STATE OFFICIALS HOLD PRE-DESIGN CONFERENCE WITH OIL SHALE PROCESSING COMPANIES
Utah Environ. News 2_ (11): 1,4 (1974)
Two 13,000 acre tracts of oil shale land in Utah have been leased from the
Federal government by Sun Oil Co., Phillips Petroleum Co., and White River
Shale Oil Co. The companies plan to develop an oil shale mining and pro-
cessing operation but are conducting a joint environmental program before
taking the first development steps.
Factors under consideration for disposal of an estimated 650 million cubic
yards if waste material are leachate control* surface drainage control,
vegetation restoration and area rehabilitation.
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See: 11-0010, Liquefaction and Gasification of Coal
-456-
-------
11-0024
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
SPECIAL NON-POLLUTING PVC RESIN
Eur. Plastics News I (5): 23 (Sept. 1974)
Nippon Zeon, Tokyo, announces FR601, a non-polluting PVC type resin developed
from its previously announced FR602, a non-pollutant polyolefin. Resembling
PVC in its properties, FR601 has no toxic stabilizers or plasticizers and
emits much less HC1, when ignited.
11-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Thomas, Louis B. et al
VINYL-CHLORIDE-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE. FROM IDIOPATHIC PORTAL
HYPERTENSION (BANTI'S SYNDROME) TO ANGIOSARCOMAS
New Eng. J. Med. 292 (1): 17-22 (1975)
Histologic examination of liver tissues and five spleens in 20 PVC workers
indicated that 15 of the workers had liver angiosarcomas. Characteristic
hepatic fibrosis was noted in all cases of angiosarcoma, but other researchers
have reported fibrotic lesions that have not developed into angiosarcomas.
A similarity to inorganic arsenical poisoning, which also causes angiosarcomas,
and to idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) is discussed. Banti's
syndrome is apparently caused not only by vinyl chloride and inorganic arsenicals
but by other, unidentified, possibly environmental, chemicals.
-457-
-------
11-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Carlson, Jack W. and Weinberger, Caspor W.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE
Fed. Register 39. (251): 45012-14 (Dec. 30, 1974)
Dept. of Interior and HEW rules for testing and description of vinyl
chloride respirators.
11-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PLASTIC PRODUCTION/ENVIRONMENT
Environ. Rept. _5 (16): 124 (Dec. 20, 1974)
"Plastics: Resource and Environmental Profile Analyses," available from
manufacturing Chemists Association, Washington, B.C. @ $5.50, describes a
new analytical method for assessing the total environmental hazards from
plastics (and other products) manufacture.
Midwest Research Institute, which devised the method, has used it to trace
six different plastic products (e.g., PVC bottles) from their manufacture
through their use and disposal.
-458-
-------
11-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NORSK HYDRO EXPECTS TO BEGIN PRODUCING PVC AGAIN. . . .
Chem. Wk. 116 (1): 25 (Jan. 1, 1975)
Norsk Hydro In Heroya, Norway, has installed autoclaves and made other changes
in its 15-year-old, 60,000-metric-ton/year PVC plant in its effort to comply
with Norway's new strict limits on vinyl emissions. Shut down in October 1974,
the plant will resume PVC production soon with permission of an appointed
medical commission. The commission has not, however, set any maximum worker
exposure limits.
11-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
DuPONT IS ABOUT TO ANNOUNCE
Pollut. Eng. 6. (12): 15 (1974)
Expected soon from Du Pont: disclosure of a new plastic designed to compete
with PVC.
-459-
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 11-0007, 3,3'-r-Dichlorobenzidine
-460-
-------
11-0030
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
DEFEND CARBON BLACK
Rubber Age 106 (12): 68 (1974)
Refuting the claim of a New York City scientist that carbon black is a potential
carcinogen, Akron-based Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., and Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Co., report that no adverse health effects have appeared in any worker over the
50-year period in which carbon black has been used in the rubber industry. Both
companies claim that the closed, automated systems used in tire production
insure against the presence of any significant amounts of carbon black in the
workplace atmosphere.
In another move, major rubber manufacturers will support the United Rubber
Workers' proposed studies of possible disease causing characteristics of rubber-
industry chemicals. Studies will be conducted at Harvard University and at the
University of North Carolina.
11-0031
GENERAL INFORMATION
Schofield, G.B.
HEALTH OF PLUTONIUM WORKERS (Letter to Editor)
LANCET II (7894): 1456 (Dec. 14, 1974)
Commenting on recent article on the plutonium "hot-particle" problem (see:
CATS 9-0053), author reports inhalation is most common mode of plutonium
intake and quantities deposited in deep lung will depend on particle size,
which varies between 2 and 10 ym A.D. Therefore, there should be little
penetration into deep lung. Study of detailed medical information from
Windscale plants shows total body and organ content of plutonium to be
much less than those calculated during the life of the individual and to be
below the I.C.R.P. recommended maximum levels.
-461-
-------
11-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PLUTONIUM SAFETY DEBATE
Environ. Rept. 5, (16): 21-4 (Dec, 20, 1974)
EPA hearing covers pros and cons of potential safety hazards of plutonium
and related transuranium elements. AEC plans to hold hearings on the use
of mixed uranium and plutonium oxide fuels in light-water power reactors.
11-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MAJOR ADVANCES ARE BEING MADE IN DEVELOPING INSTRUMENTATION
Pollut. Eng. £ (12): 15 (1974)
New, environmentally-related instrumentation includes a portable, electrochemical
flux monitor from the National Bureau of Standards. The new monitor is capable
of measuring chlorine in sea water, fresh water and wastewater down to the ppb
level. A new x-ray fluorescence system designed by the Naval Research Lab to
analyze trace metals in water detects all elements in one spectrum sweep, thus'
saving time compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy.
-462-
-------
11-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
THE EFFECT OF OIL CONTAMINATION ON HUMAN HEALTH
Chem. Eng. News 53. (1): 12 (Jan. 6, 1975)
According to the NAS study, "Petroleum in the Marine Environment," man is in no
more, and perhaps less, danger from eating seafood contaminated with oil or
various cancer-causing chemicals than, he is from other exposures to carcinogens.
-463-
-------
12-0001
ARSENIC
Anon
IN 1975, THE MILLS OF OSHA WILL GRIND MORE SLOWLY
Chem. Wk. 16 (3): 14-5 (Jan. 15, 1975)
OSHA anticipates a slowdown in issuing health and safety regulations and in
inspecting plants to monitor compliance because of industry's and/or labor's
challenge of the new rules. The challenge is based on costs required for
equipment and process changes needed to comply with OSHA regulations and on
objections to OSHA's basis for labeling some chemicals hazardous.
An appeals court has ordered OSHA to re-do its standard on MOCA, an alleged
carcinogen; the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Assn. is challenging
OSHA's ruling on ethyleneimine, also listed as a carcinogen; and other agencies
are challenging the vinyl chloride standard. Nevertheless, Congress is alloting
more money to OSHA and NIOSH. In addition, OSHA is preparing standards for
numerous chemicals, including asbestos, tolylene diisocyanates, trichloroethylene,
inorganic arsenic, and has promulgated some standards on an emergency basis.
Included among the latter are 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzidlne and its salts,
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and its salts,ot - and ,8-naphthylamine, 6-propiolactone,
methylchloromethyl ether, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), ethyleneimine,
and vinyl chloride.
12-0002
ARSENIC
Landrigan, Philip J. et al
EPIDEMIC LEAD ABSORPTION NEAR AN ORE SMELTER
New England J. Med. 292 (3): 123-9 (Jan. 16, 1975)
Although this paper concentrates on the amount and effects of particulate lead
in dust and air near a large ore smelter in Texas, measurements were made of
zinc, cadmium and arsenic concentrations of air-borne particulates in addition
to the lead particulates.
The smelter emitted 1 metric ton of arsenic into the atmosphere through its
stacks in the years 1969 through 1971, compared to 1012 metric tons of lead and
11 metric tons of cadmium.
-464-
-------
*12-0003
ARYL PHOSPHATES
Woodln, A.M.
ACTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS ON THE p-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATASE
OF MEMBRANES FROM RABBIT AND GUINEA PIG POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES
Exptl, Cell Res. 89. (1): 15-22 (Nov. 1974)
The organophosphorus compounds, diisopropyIphosphorofluoridate (DFP), trilso-
propyl phosphate (DIP), diisopropylethyl phosphate (DEP), triethyl phosphate,
and trimethyl phosphate were found to modify the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase
activity of the leukocyte membrane in rabbits and guinea pigs. The action of
the organophosphorous compounds is shown to differ from that of the detergent
lubrol and also from that of sulfhydryl reagents. Differences were also
noted in the p-nitrophenyl phosphatases of the two species examined.
-465-
-------
*12-0004
ASBESTOS
Anon
A/C PIPE GETS CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH
Water and Wastes Eng. 11: 10 (Nov. 1974)
Asbestos-cement pipe for water, properly used, is not a health hazard by reason
of ingestion of asbestos fibers, according to a study sponsored by the A/C Pipe
Producers Association. The report discusses the reported carcinogenic effects
of asbestos, but points out that there is a question that asbestos is the cause
of peritoneal mesothelioma reported in most occupational groups exposed to air-
borne asbestos.
The study recommends the development of a standard analytical method to identify
and quantify asbestos fibers in water, the study of various pipe systems to
determine the effect of asbestos content on soil and water, and epldemiological
studies to determine the effects of asbestos-cement pipe systems on humans plus
animal studies on the health aspects of asbestos fibers and their possible
carcinogenic effects.
ASBESTOS
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-466-
-------
BENZIDINE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-467-
-------
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-468-
-------
12-0005
DIOXANE
Zeller, M.V.
INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING AIR POLLUTANTS GENERATED IN TEXTILE
PROCESSING
Text. Chem. Color. 7. (1): 16/33-20/37 (1975)
Although textile processing Is not counted among the major air pollution sources,
It does contribute a number of partlculate and gaseous pollutants to the atmo-
sphere. > Atomic absorption, Infrared analysis, gas chromatography, and other
analytical methods used by textile processors are described. Dloxane Is one of
the solvents analyzed by the long path gas cell. A table lists the OSHA concen-
tration limits and the analytical wavelength used for the IR determination of
some compounds, including trichloroethylene.
ETHYLENEIMINE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-469-
-------
12-0006
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
HOW IMPURITIES AFFECT FLAME RETARDANCY
Text. Chem. Color. 7. (1): 38/21-44/27 (1975)
Impurities in flame retardants can affect the flame retardancies of the treated
fabrics, according to tests reported here. Inorganic salts, for instance, ;can
lower the flame resistance of certain P-N flame retardant cottons but can also
improve the flame resistance of some borderline P-N finishes. Organic salts can
also cause variations in the effectiveness of some flame retardants. Tests were
conducted with various flame retardant fabrics using differential thermogravimetric
analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and electron emission spectroscopy.
12-0007
. . FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
ADR's 39th ANNUAL NEW PRODUCT REVIEW
Amer. Dyest. Rep. 63_ (12): 21-72 (non-inclusive) (1974)
Review covers products introduced in 1974 for use by the textile wet processing
industry. Twenty-six new fire (flame) retardants are identified by trade name
and producer and described briefly. Four fluorescent finishes and brightening
agents are likewise identified.
-470-
-------
*12-Q008
FLUOROCARBONS
Sasuga, Tsuneo and Takehisa, Masaaki
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OP LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SINTERED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
J. Polym. Scl. (Polym. Phys. Ed.) 12 (12): 2577-8 (1974)
Factors governing the degree of crystallinity of sintered polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) are discussed. Having earlier reported on the viscoelastic properties
of unsintered highly crystalline PTFE, the authors now describe those properties
for highly crystalline PTFE sintered from low molecular weight PTFE.
*12-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Seguchi, Tadao et al
MORPHOLOGY OF POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PREPARED BY RADIATION-INDUCED EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
J. Polym. Sci. (Polym. Phys. Ed.) 12_ (12): 2567-76 (1974)
Electron microscope studies previously conducted to investigate the morphology
of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have not considered the influence of molec-
ular weight. This studyy therefore, was conducted primarily to determine the
relationship between morphology and molecular weight of PTFE obtained by radi-
ation-induced emulsion polymerization.
-471-
-------
*12-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
(New Product)
Anon
DuPONT HAS UNVEILED A NEW FLUORINATED SOLVENT. . .
Chem. Wk. 116 (3): 28 (Jan. 15, 1975)
Du Pont has filed a patent application for Freon TES, an azeotrope of trichloro-
trifluoroethane, ethanol, and nitromethane. The company expects to sell the new
solvent to producers of printed-circuit boards, who will use it to deflux
electronic components containing reactive metals, e.g., aluminum, magnesium,
and zinc.
-472-
-------
HALOETHERS
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-473-
-------
*12-0011
HYDBAZINE
Anon
PLASTICS MARKETS ASSURE INTERMEDIATES' GROWTH
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (2): 13 (Jan. 13, 1975)
Global demand for two chemicals 1,4-butanediol and hydrazlne will grow 14%
a year into the 1980's,,Paris-based group predicts. Global demand for hydrazine
hydrate may reach 80,000 metric tons in 1980, compared to the approximately 32,000
metric tons consumed in 1974. The market will grow rapidly, if hydrazine-based
fuel cells become commercially viable.
New route to hydrazlne, announced by France's Pechiney - Ugine - Kuhlmann in
1974, which uses hydrogen peroxide instead of chlorine as the oxidant, may spur
higher production.
-474-
-------
12-0012
ISOCYANATES
(Production)
Anon
UPJOHN. ...
Chem. Eng. 82_: 138 (Jan. 6, 1975)
Upjohn Co. will soon increase its isocyanates capacity to 300 million Ib/year,
when its Polymer Chemicals Division, La Porte, Texas, finishes a 50% plant
expansion., The $20-million expansion is evidently going to be operable ahead
of schedule.
ISOCYANATES
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-475-
-------
12-0013
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
IN-SITU COAL COMBUSTION
Environ. Kept. _5 (18): 138 (Jan. 17, 1975)
Bu Mitoes* TPR-84, "In-Situ Combustion of Coal for Energy," enumerates various
economic and safety advantages from the underground combustion of coal combined
with in-sltu conversion to electricity of the generated heat. One big drawback
to the method, however, Is the danger of serious thermal pollution effects.
New techniques will be needed to control the possible air contaminants and
pollutants of underground waters, as well as preventing land damage from roof
collapse.
12-0014
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC POTENTIAL. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (3): 25 (Jan. 20, 1975)
Office of Coal Research has awarded a $6 million plus contract to Continental
Oil's coal development division to determine the technical and economic fea-
sibility of a zinc halide hydrocracking process for producing distillate fuels
from coal. Goal is to make about 4 bbl of low-sulfur distillate fuel from a
ton of coal, during the R & D part of the program. Subbituminous coals will
be tried first.
-476-
-------
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
See also: 12-0015, Model Ecosystems
-477-
-------
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-478-
-------
12-0015
MOPEL ECOSYSTEMS
Wolff, Anthony
THE WORLD IN A FISHTANK
Sat. Rev., p.6 (Jan. 11, 1975)
A "model ecosystem," developed at the University of Illinois, is a small-scale
true-to-life natural environment in a 20-gal. aquarium. Sorghum seeds doused
with a radioactive tagged test compound are planted; caterpillars eat the
sorghum leaves and their wastes then contaminate the animal and plant life in
the aquarium water. As the test compound and its by-products pass through the
ecosystems food chain (from algae to fish), relatively safe, biodegradable
compounds break down into inocuous substances, while potentially hazardous
compounds are stored, undissolved in the fatty tissues of the animals. At the
end of 30 days, the aquarium is emptied, the plants and animals pulverized,
and the test compound and its degradation products are identified via thin-
layer chromatography.
The WHO uses the model ecosystem to test alternatives to DDT; USDA is testing
the ecological effects of herbicides; and FDA plans to use it to evaluate
veterinary drugs. The model ecosystem is also being used to study the by-
products of coal gasification.
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
See also: *12-0019, Phthalates
-479-
-------
NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-480-
-------
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
See: 12-0007, Flame Retardants
-481-
-------
*12-0016
PHTHALATES
Inst. of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition
PHTHALATES IN FOOD
Nutrition Revs. 32_ (4): 126-8 (1974)
In 1972, over a billion pounds of 20 different phthalate compounds were
sold as vinyl plasticizers. Phthalate-plasticized vinyl plastics for food
wrappers and containers accounted for only about 18 million Ibs of the
total used, the most common compounds being di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The phthalates, highly compatible with vinyl,
are fairly non-evaporating, and are not readily extracted from the plastic
by substances with which they are in contact. Man may be exposed to phthalate
plasticizers by skin contact, entry into bloodstream from blood stored in
plastic bags, inhalation, etc. Animal studies indicate no significant toxic
effects from repeated exposures except at very high doses; human experience
indicates a very low. toxic potential for phthalate esters.
From the above, plus the low rate of migration of plasticizers from packaging
material to food, the current use of phthalates in food packaging seems to
pose no health hazard to consumers.
*12-0017
PHTHALATES
Albro, Philip W. and Moore, Bryant
IDENTIFICATION OF THE METABOLITES OF SIMPLE PHTHALATE DIESTERS IN RAT URINE
J. Chromotagraphy 94j 209-18 (1974)
Because phthate ester plastlclzer production is approaching 1 million tons/yr
throughout the world and because these plasticizers are known to enter the
human body, this study was undertaken to identify the metabolites of dimethyl,
di-n-butyl, and di-n-octyl phthalates found in the urine of rats to which the
compounds were given orally. Results are discussed separately for each test
compound. The only detectable metabolites of dimethyl phthalate were free
phthalic acid (14.4%), monomethyl phthalate (77.5%); a small amount of dimethyl
phthalate was excreted intact. With the other compounds, phthalic acid was
only a very minor metabolite.
-482-
-------
*12-0018
PHTHALATES
Anon
PLASTICIZERS AND INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Nutrition Revs. 31 (4): 119-20 (1973)
A phthalate plasticizer which may be toxic passes into blood stored in
plastic bags. The compound was detected in human tissues and its metabolites
were recovered from urine. Further study of intravenous fluids stored in
plastic containers is warranted.
*12-0019
. PHTHALATES
Metcalf, Robert L. et al
UPTAKE AND FATE OF di-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND
IN A MODEL ECOSYSTEM.
Environ. Health Perspect. No. 4: 27-34 (June 1973)
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer for
vinyl plastics and has all the requisite properties to be classified as
an environmental micropollutant. DEHP metabolism and biomagnlfication in
aquatic organisms and its ecological behavior in food chains of a laboratory
model ecosystem were studied. Autoradiograms of the homogenized extracts
of the organisms exposed to ^C-DEHP at 10 ppm for 1,2, and 7 d show DEHP is
biodegraded very slowly in algae, Daphnia, mosquito larvae, snails, and clams
and more rapidly in fish by hydrolysis at the ester bonds to form monoethylhexyl
phthalate phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, and a variety of polar metabolites
and conjugates. However, DEHP, closely resembles DDT in rate of uptake and
storage, and it obviously partitions strongly in the lipids of plants and animals
and is concentrated through food chains. The biomagnification of DEHP, its
teratogenic properties, and its enormous rate of production and ubiquitous use
indicates the need for further study of its environmental distribution and fate.
Restrictions are needed for the use and waste disposal of DEHP.
-483-
-------
12-0020
POLYURETHANES
Sharry, John A.
FOAMED PLASTIC FIRE. FIRE SPREADS 430 FEET IN EIGHT MINUTES
Fire J. 69. (1): 5-6, 56 (1975)
Better identification of the fire hazard of foamed plastics is needed,
judging from the results of a fire in a 430-foot tunnel being constructed
at a particle accelerator facility. The fire spread along the tunnel's
sprayed-in-place, closed-cell, rigid polyurethane insulation, engulfing
the entire tunnel in 8 minutes. "Nonburning" and "self-extinguishing" are
misleading and inadequate descriptors of some new plastics. This particular
polyurethane insulation should have complied to specifications for a flame
spread not in excess of 25 and smoke contribution not in excess of 50
(Steiner Tunnel Test). Although listed by the manufacturer as self-extin-
guishing, the user was cautioned that rigid urethane foams "burn only in the
presence of flame." The ASTM D 1692-67T test used for self-extinguishing
capability is a small scale lab test, which apparently does not correctly
describe the fire hazard of the material.
12-0021
POLYURETHANES
Anon
RECYCLING POLYURETHANE FOAM. . .
Environ. Sci. Tech. JT (1): 11 (1975)
General Motors Research Labs announces a new process for recycling polyurethane
foam by breaking it down into its "chemical building blocks," which can be re-
used. The waste recovery process uses steam at 600°F and 1 a tin to recover the
polyol from the foam and to produce diamine, leading to isocyanate.
-484-
-------
BETA-PROPIOLACTONE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
-485-
-------
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
See: 12-0005, Dioxane
See also: 12-0023, Vinyl Chloride
-486-
-------
12-0022
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
ANGIOSARCOMA DEATH AFTER LESS THAN FOUR YEARS' EXPOSURE. . .
Chem. Wk. 116 (3): 28 (Jan. 15, 1975)
After 3 years and 8 months of service as a reactor cleaner at the Barry, South
Wales, plant of BP Chemicals, a 37-year-old worker died from angiosarcoma.
VCM levels to which he was exposed may have been 500 ppm, or higher at times.
Three other workers, out of 350 examined, show reduced liver capacity.
12-0023
VINYL CHLORIDE
Jaeger, Rudolph J. et al
ACUTE HEPATIC INJURY BY VINYL CHLORIDE IN RATS PRETREATED WITH PHENOBARBITAL
Nature 252; 724-6 (Dec. 20/27, 1974)
Although vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is widely used in industry, its
biological effects are not well known. This study was conducted to determine
if the potential of VCM for liver damage would be enhanced in animals (rats)
pretreated with phenobarbital (PBT), an inducer of certain enzymes of the
liver mixed function oxidase system (MFOS). Measurements were made of the
rise in serum alanine -a - ketoglutarate transaminase (AKT) and sorbitol
dehydrogenase (SHD) activity. PBT pretreatment for 7 days caused a marked
enhancement of injury at the 5% level of exposure, but tests indicated that
acute hepatotoxic injury was not cumulative. The authors suggest that the
hepatotoxicity of VC may be caused by a mechanism similar to that of such
non-symmetrically chlorinated ethylenes as trichloroethylene, since a
previous study showed that induction of MFOS enzymes by pretreatment with PBT
enhances the hepatotoxlcity of TCE.
-487-
-------
12-0024
VINYL CHLORIDE
Lupu, A. et al
MECHANISM OF dc ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)
J. Polym. Sci. (Polym. Phys. Ed.) 12_ (12): 2399-2407 (1974)
The experimental results of a series of dc conductivity measurements performed as
a function of temperature on unplastlclzed PVC and on PVC plasticized with di-
octylphthalate Indicate that the direct current in PVC is carried by electrons.
12-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Lupu, A. and Bunget, I.
EVIDENCE OF MOLECULAR RELAXATION DERIVED FROM TRANSIENT PHENOMENA IN
POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)
J. Polym. Sci. (Polym. Phys. Ed.) 12_ (12): 2409-12 (1974)
Polymers are used as electric insulators, yet not enough is known about the
mechanism of electrical conduction in polymers. Knowledge of the relaxation
phenomena in polymers under various electrical fields can be helpful.
Results obtained by a transient electrical method on relaxation phenomena in
PVC include a correct glass transition temperature and reasonable values for
the activation energies and relaxation times.
-488-
-------
12-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Hanna, R.J.
CAN IT BE DONE ECONOMICALLY? (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Wk. 11£ (3): 5 (Jan. 15, 1975)
Responding to a recent editorial on the feasibility of industry's meeting
stringent vinyl chloride exposure levels (See: CATS 8-0044), the writer
expresses fear that the industry in so doing might become less economically
viable. If so, our PVC industry might not survive the competition from
foreign manufacturers who will not be faced with similar high costs of
construction and operations.
12-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Market)
Anon
ETHYLENE FACES FLAT YEAR AS MARKETS SOFTEN
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (3): 15-7 (Jan. 20, 1975)
Review of potential 1975 market for ethylene indicates possibility of
minimal growth. Among major derivatives, styrene market and part of
ethylene glycol market have dropped substantially. However, market
demand is still strong for high-density polyethylene and major ethylene
suppliers claim polyvinyl chloride market, which accounts for 15% of total
ethylene demand, is still strong. Effects of new safety standards for
PVC evidently not yet felt.
-489-
-------
12-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
ROBINTECH INC. . .
Chem. Eng. 8£: 139 (Jan. 6, 1975)
The Texas Air Control Board has given a permanent operating permit to the new
220-million Ib/yr Shintech, Inc. polyvinyl chloride plant in Freeport, Texas.
Shintech is a joint venture of Robintech Inc. and Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd.. of Japan.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 12-0001, Arsenic
See: *12-0018, Phthalates
-490-
-------
12-0029
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
Anon
HEALTH HAZARDS OF MONOMERS PROBED
Chem. Eng. News 53 (3): 8 (Jan. 20. 1975)
A new carcinogenic suspect is vinylidene chloride. Dow Chemical, which has been
conducting animal Inhalation and feeding studies with the monomer over the last
five months or so, announces a report from Italy identifying vinylidene chloride
as a carcinogen. The studies, conducted by Prof. P.L. Viola, Regina Elena
Institute for Cancer Research in Rome, show that rats inhaling high concetrations
of vinylidene chloride developed liver tumors. Viola was one of the first
investigators, who implicated vinyl chloride as a liver carcinogen.
Additionally, the Manufacturing Chemists Association will administer inhalation/
toxicity studies on vinylidene chloride, sponsored by 13 companies; and on
styrene, sponsored by 12 firms.
-491-
-------
12-0030
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MARINE POLLUTANT DATA/NOAA
Environ. Rept. _5 (17): 130 (Jan. 13, 1975)
A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration contains
chemical, physical, and environmental information on a number of marine pollu1-
tants, including synthetic organic chemicals, marine litter, processing wastes
from metals industries, organic sludges, and medical and agricultural materials.
Pollutants studied were selected on the basis of their persistence and quantity
in the marine environment. "Collection of Marine Pollutant Study Data" can be
inspected at the Marine and Earth Sciences Library, Environmental Science
Information Center, Washington, B.C.
12-0031
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
OIL ENTERING OCEANS SAID TO BE INCREASING
Environ. Rept. 5_ (17): 131 (Jan. 13, 1975)
NAS's study, "Petroleum in the Marine Environment," predicts an increase in the
6.1 million metric tons/yr of petroleum hydrocarbons currently finding their
way into our oceans. Oil in the oceans is ending up as tar on beaches, changing
benthic communities, and smothering diving birds. Although the report does not
stress the danger to humans from contaminated seafoods, avoidance of such foods
is cautioned, particularly since not enough is known yet about the effects on
humans of contaminated seafoods.
-492-
-------
12-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT CONFUSES SACCHARIN DISPUTE
Sci. & Govt. Rept. ,5 (2): 6-7 (Jan. 15, 1975)
The National Academy of Sciences reports that saccharin cannot definitely
be judged a carcinogen in rats. However, an impurity in saccharin, identified
as ortho-toluenesulfonamide (OTS), may be carcinogenic. OTS is present at
levels ranging from a few hundred to several thousand ppm in saccharin made
by Monsanto Corp. and by a Japanese and a German company, but at only 1 or 2
ppm in the product made by Sherwin-Williams Co.
In studies made on rats in 1972 and 1973, high levels of saccharin in diets
may also have contained OTS "at a detectable cancer dose."
12-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SACCHARIN STILL ELUDES CARCINOGEN LABEL
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (3): 19 (Jan. 20, 1975)
Current information is hot sufficiently reliable to label saccharin a carcinogen,
but additional studies should be made to determine its safety for human consump-
tion, according to a National Academy of Sciences study, available as PB-238137/AS
($4.75 printed; $2.25 microfiche) from Natl. Tech. info. Service, Springfield, VA.
A saccharin impurity, ortho-toluenesulfonamide, may be a bladder carcinogen, and
may have been responsible for the bladder tumors found in rats in studies using
high dietary levels of commercial saccharin. Yet, such factors as stones and
parasites may have caused the tumors.
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12-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Schwartz, Herbert
CHLORINE IN WATER (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News. 53_ (3): 5 (Jan. 20, 1975)
Responding to another letter to the editor (Seer CATS 10-0042), the writer points
out that chlorine added to water reacts to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous
acids. Specifying how these reactant products participate in a variety of
chlorinating reactions which can take place with a variety of industrial wastes,
sewage, biological organisms, etc., the writer finds it easy to believe that
drinking water can contain carcinogenic and toxic compounds.
12-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Davis, Douglas D.
POWER PLANT PLUME CHEMISTRY (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 53 (2): 3 (Jan. 13, 1975)
The author rebukes EPA's A.P. Altshuller for his comments and criticisms
re power plant plume chemistry, and describes work underway at the Univ.
of Maryland on formation of ozone, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid aerosols.
The University approach is to collect scientific data to provide answers
to problems "rather than decreeing the answer from preconceived ideas." The
author criticizes environmental control strategy decisions based on minimal
scientific data.
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