I
EPA-56017-76-002
CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE
FOR
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (CATS)
f
£•
s «O«MU a
CUMULATIVE REPORT NO. 2
PART I
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C 20460
NOVEMBER 1976
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EPA-560/7-76-002
CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICE
FOR
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
CUMULATIVE REPORT NO. 2
PART I
November 1976
Contract No. 68-01-2694
Ernest W. Stalder
Project Officer
Office of Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, B.C. 20460
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FOREWORD
Cumulative Report No. 2 of the Current Awareness Service for Toxic Sub-
stances (CATS) covers the second year's service conducted for the Office
of Toxic Substances (OTS) U.S. EPA under Contract No. 68-01-2694. The
CATS is a scanning service of some 50 scientific journals, 30 trade jour-
nals, and reports of major federal, state, and local environmental agencies.
Scanning topics comprise a list of some 30 to 40 chemicals, classes of
chemicals, and general topics related to chemicals in the environment.
Abstracts or summaries of items of interest were prepared, indexed by
subject and author, and compiled into biweekly CATS Reports.
Mr. Ernest W. Stalder, Monitoring and Information Systems Branch, OTS,
EPA Washington, DC is the Project Officer.
Ms. Virginia Valeri and Ms. Anne V. Quinn, Literature Research Section,
Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA were the Contract Managers.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCANNING TOPICS
JOURNALS SCANNED
JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS
SUBJECT INDEX
AUTHOR INDEX
CATS BIWEEKLY REPORTS
PART I
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
Report No.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
PART II
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1
2
4
6
30
40
66
88
109
142
174
198
225
237
275
305
336
375
402
427
460
483
512
542
567
603
634
665
694
716
735
ill
L
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SCANNING TOPICS +
1. Acetonitrile
2. Acrylonitrile
3. Arsenic
4. Aryl phosphates (phenyl, cresyl, mixed phenyl-cresyl)
5. Asbestos
6. Benzidine, and salts (hydrochloride, sulfate)
7. Boron
8. Brominated biphenyls
9. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
10. Dioxane
11. Ethyleneimine
12. Flame retardants
13. Fluorocarbons
14. Haloethers
15. Hexachlorobenzene
16. Hexachlorobutadiene
17. Hydrazine, derivatives, and salts
(sym and unsym - dimethyl, monomethyl)
18. Isocyanates (organic)
19. Liquefaction and gasification of coal
20. 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)
21. Model Ecosystems
(Environmental Fate Testing, Microecosystems)
22. Naphthylamines (alpha, beta, K[-phenyl derivatives)
23. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)
24. Optical brighteners
(fluorescent whitening agents, fluorescent dyes)
25. Perchloroethylene
26. Phthalates (dioctyl, di-2-ethylhexyl)
27. Polyurethanes
28. beta-Propiolactone
29. Trichloroethylene
30. Shale oil -xtraction and refining
31. Vinyl chloride
32. Vinylidene chloride
33. Ethylene dibromide
*34. Nitrosamines
* - Each topic was on the scanning list for part, though not
necessarily all, of the contract year.
+ - Within each Biweekly Report abstracts on the above listed topics
appear in the order given
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JOURNALS SCANNED
JOURNALS
Aerosol Age
Air Pollution Control Association. Journal
Ambio
American Chemical Society. Journal
American Dyestuff Reporter
American Industrial Hygiene Association.
Journal
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Journal
American Journal of Public Health
American Medical Association. Journal
American Review of Respiratory Disease
Analytical Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials
Archives of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology
Archives of Environmental Health
Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Journal
Atmospheric Environment
Biochemistry
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Bioorganic Chemistry
Biotechnology and Bioengineerlng
British Journal of Cancer
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology
Cancer Research
Chemical Engineering
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Reviews
Chemical Week
Chemistry
Chemistry and Industry. London
Chemosphere
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Coal Age
Combustion
Combustion and Flame
Combustion Science and Technology
Corrosion
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Research
Environmental Science and Technology
European Journal of Cancer
European Journal of Pharmacology
Europlastics
Farm Chemicals
Fire Journal
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology
Geophysical Research Letters
Household and Personal Products Industry
Hydrocarbon Processing
Industrial Research
Industrial Water and Wastes
International Journal of Cancer
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Journal of Coatings Technology
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology
Journal of Geophysical Research
Journal of Occupational Medicine
Journal of Paint Technology
(Title changed to : Journal of Coatings
Technology)
Journal of Polymer Science
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Health
Lancet
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Metal Progress
Mining Congress Journal
Modern Packaging
Modern Plastics
PERIOD OF COVERAGE
August 1975 - July 1976 (except March, April)
August 1975 - June 1976
Vol. It, No. 5 and 6, 1975; Vol. 5, No. 2, 1976
August 1975 - July 1976
August - November 1975; March - July 1976
August 1975 - July 1976
September 1975 - July 1976 (except March)
August, October 1975; January, February, April, May 1976
November 10, 1975 - July 19, 1976 (except February 30,
April 22, 30, June 14, July 12)
August 1975 - July 1976
October 1975 - June 1976
August 1975 - August 1976 (except May)
Vol. 18, Nos. 1 - 4, 1975
August 1975 - May 1976
Vol. 3, Nos. 2 and 3, 1975
August 1975 - August 1976
July 1975 - May 1976
August 1975 - May 1976
August 1975 - June 1976
Vol. 4, No. 2-4, 1975
Vol. 4, Nos. 1-4, 1975
August 1975 - July 1976 (except January)
October 1975 - May 1976
July 1975 - July 1976
August - October 1975; April - July 1976
4 August 1975 - 2 August 1976 (except 1, 15 September,
22 December, 19 July)
August 1975 - July 1976
August 1975 - July 1976
August 1975 - August 1976
6 August 1975 - 21 July 1976 (except 7 July)
September 1975 - July 1976
20 December 1975 - 3 July 1976
August 1975 - June 1976
October 1975 - July 1976
August 1975 - July 1976 (except May)
August 1975 - July 1976 (except May)
August 1975 - April 1976
Vol. 11, Nos. 3 and 4, 1975; Vol. 12, Nos. 1-3, 1976
September 1975 - June 1976
December 1975; February 1976
August 1975 - June 1976 (except April)
August 1975 - August 1976
February - July 1976
January - July 1976 (except April)
September 1975 - April 1976 (except December)
January - March 1976
September 1975 - July 1976
August 1975 - June 1976
June 1975 - April 1976
August 1975 - July 1976 (except December)
August 1975 - June 1976 (except April)
January - July 1976 (except May)
July, August, September, October 1975
July 1975 - June 1976
September 1975 - June 1976
January - July 1976
July - December 1975
Vol. 81, Nos. 1-14, January - May
1976 (except Nos. 3, 12, 13)
January - June 1976
August - December 1975
August 1975 - July 1976
October - December 1975)
September 1975 - May 1976
2 August 1975 - 17 July 1976 (except 9 August, 26 June,
10 July)
June 1975 - January 1976 (except September)
December 1975 - June 1976
December 1975 - April 1976
August 1975 - July 1976 (except December)
August 1975 - July 1976 (except May)
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PERIOD OF COVERAGE
Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine
Mutation Research
Nature
New England Journal of Medicine
New Scientist
Pollution Engineering
Pure and Applied Geophysics
Quarterly Review of Biology
Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics
Rubber Age
Science
Soap, Cosmetics Chemical Specialties
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper
Industry
Teratology
Textile Chemists and Colorist
Textile World
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
U.S. National Cancer Institute. Journal
Water and Wastes Engineering
Water Pollution Control Federation. Journal
Water Research
January - April 1976
November 1975 - June 1976 (except May)
7 August 1975 - 29 July 1976 (except 20 November)
8 April - 5 August 1976
22 January, 26 February, 6 May 1976
August 1975 - July 1976
Vol. 113, Nos. 3-6, 1975; Vol. 114, No. 1, 1976
Vol. 50, No. 2 and 3, 1975; Vol. 51, No. 1, 1976
February 1975 - February 1976
August 1975 - June 1976
1 August 1975 - 6 August 1976 (except 20 February)
August 1975 - July 1976
January, February, June 1976
August 1975 - June 1976
September 1975 - July 1976
August 1975 - July 1976 (except September)
October 1975 - June 1976
November 1975 - June 1976
January - March 1976
August 1975 - May 1976
August 1975 - July 1976
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JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS *
AIChE J.
AIR/WATER Pollut. Rept.
Am. Ceram. Soc., Bull.
Am. Dyest. Rep.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J.
Am. J. Pathol.
Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.
Anal. Chem.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
Ann. Occup. Hyg.
Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxlcol.
Appl. Environ. Mlcroblol.
Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxlcol.
Arch. Environ. Health
Arch. Toxlcol.
Atmos. Environ.
American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal
AIR/WATER Pollution Report
American Ceramic Society. Bulletin
American Dyestutf Reporter
American Industrial Hygiene Association. Journal
American Journal of Pathology
American Review of Respiratory Disease
Analytical Chemistry
New York Academy of Sciences. Annals
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Archives of Environmental Health
Archives of Toxicology
Atmospheric Environment
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
Biochem. Pharmacol.
Br. J. Cancer
Br. Med. J.
Bull. Environ. Contarn. Toxlcol.
Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Biochemical Pharmacology
British Journal of Cancer
British Medical Journal
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
New York Academy of Medicine. Bulletin
Can. Chem. Process.
Can. J. Biochem.
Cancer Res.
Chem. Eng.
Chem. Eng. News
Chem. Eng. Prog.
Chem. Ind. (London)
Chem. Week
Clin. Sci. Mol. Med.
Canadian Chemical Processing
Canadian Journal of Biochemistry
Cancer Research
Chemical Engineering
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemistry and Industry. London
Chemical Week
Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine
Environ. Health Lett.
Environ. Health Perspect.
Environ. Rep.
Environ. Res.
Environ. Sci. Technol.
Eur. J. Cancer
Eur. Plast. News
Environmental Health Letter
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environment Report
Environmental Research
Environmental Science and Technology
European Journal of Cancer
European Plastics News
Farm Chem.
Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Blol.
Fed. Regist.
Food Cosmet. Toxicol.
Farm Chemicals
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
Federation Proceedings
Federal Register
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology
Geophys. Res. Lett.
Geophysical Research Letters
Household and Pers. Prod. Ind.
Hydrocarbon Process.
Household and Personal Products Industry-
Hydrocarbon Processing
Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev.
Int. J. Cancer
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Process Design and
Development
International Journal of Cancer
Job Saf. Health Rep.
J. Agrlc. Food Chem.
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc.
J. Am. Dent. Assoc.
J. Am. Med. Assoc.
J. Am. Water Works Assoc.
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.
J. Coat. Technol.
J. Geophys. Res.
J. Nat. Cancer Inst.
J. Nutr.
J. Occup. Med.
J. Paint Technol.
J. Pharm. Sci.
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed.
J. Polym. Sci., Lett. Ed.
J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health
J. Water Pollut. Control Fed.
Job Safety and Health Report
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Air Pollution Control Association. Journal
American Dental Association. Journal
American Medical Association. Journal
American Water Works Association. Journal
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Journal
Journal of Coatings Technology
Journal of Geophysical Research
U.S. National Cancer Institute. Journal
Journal of Nutrition
Journal of Occupational Medicine
Journal of Paint Technology
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of Polymer Science. Polymer Chemistry Edition
Journal of Polymer Science. Polymer Letters Edition
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Water Pollution Control Federation. Journal
^Includes some journals not on core list of journals scanned
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Mar. Pollut. Bull.
Med. Lav.
Mod. Packag.
Mod. Plast.
Mt. Sinai J. Med.
Mutat. Res.
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Medlcina del Lavoro
Modem Packaging
Modern Plastics
Mount Slnal Journal of Medicine
Mutation Research
N. Engl. J. Med.
NYS Environ.
New England Journal of Medicine
New York State Environment
Occup. Health Saf. Lett.
Occupational Health and Safety Letter
Pollut. Eng.
Proc. R. Soc. Med.
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
Pure Appl. Chem.
Pollution Engineering
Royal Society of Medicine, London. Proceedings
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Proceedings
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Res./Dev.
Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.
Research/Development
Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics
Schweiz. Med. Vochenschr.
Scl. Am.
Sci. News
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec.
South. Med. J.
Schweizerische Medinische Wochenschrift
Scientific American
Science News
Soap, Cosmetics Chemical Specialties
Southern Medical Journal
Technol. Rev.
Tetrahedron Lett.
Text. Chem. Color.
Text. World
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
Technology Review
Tetrahedron Letters
Textile Chemist and Colorist
Textile World
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Water Res.
Water Research
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SUBJECT INDEX
Ref. No.*
52-0001 ACETONITRILE, enzyme system for metabolism of
35-0001 ACETONITRILE, possible by-product of Sohlo process for manufacture of acrylonltrile
34-0001 ACETONITRILE, solvent In new leaching method for recovery of copper from ores or tailings
52-0001 ACETONITRILE, source of carbon and nitrogen for growth of Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21
41-0028 a-ACETOXYNITROSOPYRROLIDINE, mutagenic per se requiring no liver activation
46-0027 ACETYLHYDRAZINE, mechanism in toxicity
46-0001 ACRYLONITHILE, among 23 chemicals for which NIOSH nay develop recommended standards for
occupational exposure to by 1980
37-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, copolymer with vinylidene chloride as substitute for Ti02 in papermaking
46-0005 ACRYLONITRILE, deep-well injection of effluents from Monsanto's British plant is not feasible
35-0001 ACRYLONITHILE, description of Sohio process for manufacture of
40-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, Du Pont will expand capacity by 100 million Ib/year
46-0005 ACRYLONITRILE, effluents containing organics, nitriles, and ammonium sulfate will still be
dumped into the river Tees in England following failure of deep-well injection
attempt by Monsanto
41-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, exports in 1975 were about 198 million Ib or 28.3% more than in 1974
49-0004 ACRYLONITRILE, FDA sets interim leaching levels for beverage bottles
46-0006 ACRYLONITRILE, FDA vouches for its safety in food-contact articles but Natural Resources
Defense Council wants courts to ban FDA approval of use of plastic beverage
bottles
33-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, kinetics of radical polymerization in presence of triphenyl phosphite
49-0003 ACRYLONITRILE, migration and potential toxicity in nitrile barrier polymer containers
43-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, Monsanto1s new Texas City, Texas plant scheduled for 1976 completion said
to be world's largest
47-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, new catalyst developed by Japanese company cuts by-product yield and offers
economic benefits as well as higher acrylonitrile yield
43-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, new catalyst developed by Japanese company gives higher yields than Sohio1s
catalyst-41
48-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, new transparent high-oxygen-barrier can for hot-filled acidic foods
34-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, offshore projects may contribute to capacity increase in 1981
46-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, OSHA is proposing an exposure limit of 20 ppm for worker protection
27-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, overview of rubber compounding
33-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, photopolymerlzatlon in presence of substituted triphenyl phosphites
34-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, possible shortage for acrylic fiber needs in 1977 and 1980
49-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, potential health hazards when used as a polymer raw material
49-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, price Increase of 1.5c/lb announced by Monsanto
48-0002 ACRYLONITIRLE, production drop in 1975
46-0003 ACRYLONITRILE, production in 1975 dropped to 1.22 billion Ib compared to 1.41 billion Ib in 1974
37-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, production rise anticipated in 1976
46-0004 ACRYLONITRILE, recovery in demand for this chemical will help boost propylene market
35-0002 ACRYLONITRILE, Reichhold Chemicals set to buy Standard Brands Chemical Industries which
produces acrylonitrile
52-0001 ACRYLONITRILE, source of nitrogen for growth of Nocardia rhodochrous LL100-21
39-0029 ACTINOMYCIN D, mutageniclty in Neurospora erassa
42-0010 ACTIVATED CARBON, effective adsorbent for removing aerosol propellants from air
45-0038 ADHESIVE, effect of exposure to fumes from heat-activated product
43-0013 AEROSOL SPRAYS, respiratory symptoms in humans
44-0015 AEROSOLS, lung function changes in humans inhaling hair sprays
46-0018 AEROSOLS, production in 1974 rose to over two billion units or 14X higher than 1973 In free
world outside U.S. and Canada
44-0015 AEROSOLS, respiratory deposition of hair sprays in humans
35-0020 AMD-4, new fuel additive said to be better antloxidant than MD
46-0049 AMERICIUM, potential as environmental pollutant
35-0047 ANTIMONY, Asarco Inc.'s $7-million, 5 ton/day El Paso refinery to be onstream by late 1976
using reverberatory-type furnace smelter
43-0004 ANTIMONY, high concentrations in adrenal tissues of guinea pigs fed Swiss chard grown on
sewage sludge fortified soil
43-0040 ANTIMONY, low doses shorten rat's life span
43-0040 ANTIMONY, trace amounts in air may be potential health hazard
27-0001 ANTIMONY OXIDE, aid to the effectiveness of halogenated compounds used as additives to
reduce flammability of polymers
41-0001 ANTIMONY OXIDE, Imports In 1975 of about 19.8 million Ib were 58.1Z more than in 1974
27-0039 ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE, reaction with hydrogen fluoride yields new solid oxonium salts
42-0020 ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, flame retardant additive for flame retardant urethane coatings for
tenting materials
38-0020 AQUATIC ECOLOGY, effects of TNT manufacturing operations on water quality and stream biota
47-0021 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, nutrient dynamics and gas production in
48-0019 AQUEOUS PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION, potentially economic wastewater treatment for coal
conversion and shale oil recovery plant pollutants
29-0003 AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, potential bladder carcinogens
52-0006 ARSENIC, ambient level approach to control of occupational cancerigenlc exposures
48-0003 ARSENIC, analysis in soils
52-0005 ARSENIC, analysis of airborne copper smelter partlculate samples
33-0004 ARSENIC, Asarco is denied an arsenic emissions standard variance for its Tacoma smelter
36-0001 ARSENIC, carcinogenic to man
52-0005 ARSENIC, chemistry In airborne copper smelter participates
43-0004 ARSENIC, concentration in tissues of guinea pigs fed Swiss chard grown on sewage sludge
. fortified soil
39-0002 ARSENIC, content in edible seafoods
43-0003 ARSENIC, criteria for a recommended standard-occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic
32-0002 ARSENIC, detection in surface water by atomic absorption
*Number preceding the hyphen identifies the CATS Biweekly Report; number following the hyphen identifies
the abstract within the report.
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Ref. No.
33-0005 ARSENIC, detection of arsenic acids in pesticides and In environmental samples
52-0004 ARSENIC, determination in urine of exposed workers
39-0001 ARSENIC, determination of toxic trace elements in body fluid - reference samples
35-0003 ARSENIC, effect on fetal growth
40-0004 ARSENIC, effect on rat kidney
37-0003 ARSENIC, forms found in air
50-0001 ARSENIC, health hazard to workers
50-0003 ARSENIC, hearing on proposed standard
41-0003 ARSENIC, high levels found in soil near herbicide distributor in Virginia
40-0003 ARSENIC, high levels in marine organisms indicate arsenic to be organically bound and less
toxic than inorganic arsenic
50-0001 ARSENIC, human carcinogen
52-0003 ARSENIC, incidence of skin cancer and drinking water level
52-0003 ARSENIC, Incidence rate for carcinoma and risk from urban drinking water levels
44-0001 ARSENIC, inorganic interference in analysis with atomic absorption spectrometry
33-0006 ARSENIC, levels in house dusts in Hawaii
50-0001 ARSENIC, literature review
48-0004 ARSENIC, low temperature ashing not too satisfactory for determination of arsenic in
atmospheric particulate samples
28-0018 ARSENIC, methods of removal from raw shale oil
35-0005 ARSENIC, one human carcinogen not found carcinogenic in animal tests
50-0002 ARSENIC, OSHA standard and inflation impact statement
50-0004 ARSENIC, OSHA standards delayed
33-0003 ARSENIC, pollution rules may force closing of Asarco smelter
34-0003 ARSENIC, possible interference with DNA repair might explain cocarcinogenic effect of some
arsenic compounds
42-0002 ARSENIC, potential cause of rare liver cancer deaths of four people working with a calcium
arsenate pesticide
44-0002 ARSENIC, potential environmental effects of organic and inorganic forms on nontarget animal
species
44-0002 ARSENIC, potential food chain hazards
32-0001 ARSENIC, potential pollution of waterways by monosodium salt methanearsonic acid (MSMA)
herbicide when applied to grass near highways
41-0003 ARSENIC, potential water contaminant in Virginia
49-0005 ARSENIC, presence in soil, water, food, and in hair of individuals near Ghana goldmine
43-0004 ARSENIC, presence in Swiss chard grown on sewage sludge fortified soil
35-0004 ARSENIC, radiochemical separation before gamma ray spectrometry
52-0004 ARSENIC, rapid and simple colorimetric method for monitoring urine concentrations at field
locations
27-0002 ARSENIC, respiratory cancer and occupational exposure to
52-0006 ARSENIC, review of epidemiological and other findings concerning occupational exposure to
42-0001 ARSENIC, slow whole body response of fish to its presence in water suggests need for improved
toxicity detection and measuring methods
40-0002 ARSENIC, temporary variance from arsenic emission standards indicated for Asarco's copper
smelter at Tacoma, Washington
52-0002 ARSENIC, toxicity and accumulation in green sunfish
32-0001 ARSENIC, toxicity to fish of monosodium salt methanearsonic acid (MSMA) herbicide
44-0002 ARSENIC, toxicity to insect herbivores
31-0001 ARSENIC, transport through soil
41-0002 ARSENIC-CONTAMINATED WATER, possible cause of liver diseases
52-0002 ARSENICALS, effect on green sunfiah of exposures to high concentrations of aodlum arsenate
in water
46-0011 ASBESTOS, airborne effects on man and animals
38-0006 ASBESTOS, airborne fibers now Implicated as potential carcinogens add new dimension to
Reserve Mining case
37-0005 ASBESTOS, airborne particle sampler
30-0002 ASBESTOS, analytical chemistry
30-0002 ASBESTOS, animal toxicology and carclnogenesis
45-0003 ASBESTOS, autolranunlty as.mechanism for asbestosis
38-0003 ASBESTOS, bibliography of Industrial health hazards due to atmospheric factors
41-0006 ASBESTOS, cancer mortality rates among Russian mine workers
46-0010 ASBESTOS, carcinogenic behavior of
36-0001 ASBESTOS, carcinogenic to man
27-0003 ASBESTOS, carcinomas associated with exposure to
48-0040 ASBESTOS, cauae of asbestosis when carried home on workers' clothing
44-0007 ASBESTOS, changes in pulmonary function in household contacts of workers
31-0004 ASBESTOS, characterization and control of emissions from open sources
41-0005 ASBESTOS, chronic inhalation effects on hamsters also exposed to cigarette smoke
42-0002 ASBESTOS, concentrations of 2-201 of fibers detected in 9 commercial cosmetic talc products
tested
30-0001 ASBESTOS, contamination effects and occupational precautions
27-0006 ASBESTOS, cost study of emission control for taconlte processing Industry underway
46-0007 ASBESTOS, currently marketed talc powders do not contain any asbestos according to testa
conducted by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association and by the FDA
37-0006 ASBESTOS, cytogenic effects in monkeys
44-0004 ASBESTOS, cytotoxic effects on rabbit lung fibroblasts
37-0007 ASBESTOS, deposit and retention of inhaled fibers
49-0008 ASBESTOS, detection techniques for pulmonary mineral dust
46-0009 ASBESTOS, dynamics of asbestosis caused by
31-0005 ASBESTOS, economic analysis of effluent guidelines for the industry
47-0002 ASBESTOS, effect of age at Inoculation on occurrence of mesothellomas In rats
37-0008 ASBESTOS, effect on DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract
44-0004 ASBESTOS, effect on morphology and reticulin formation of cultured lung fibroblasts
45-0005 ASBESTOS, effects on pulmonary function
28-0002 ASBESTOS, efficiency of baghouses as dust collectors
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Ref. No.
32-0006 ASBESTOS, effluent limitations guidelines and performance standards for industry segments
27-0004 ASBESTOS, EPA orders Bendix plant to correct violation of emissions standards
46-0008 ASBESTOS, EPA will continue to monitor drinking waters of cities to determine potential
health hazards from asbestos fibers present In the water
41-0004 ASBESTOS, estimating health risks in epidemiologic studies
50-0006 ASBESTOS, evidence supports safety of 2 fibers
45-0001 ASBESTOS, exposure monitoring records retention requirements for
52-0007 ASBESTOS, exposure of brake repair workers
47-0003 ASBESTOS, fatal malignant testicular mesothelioma in long-time pipe Insulator associated
with his exposure to
43-0007 ASBESTOS, fibers released from insulation of gas chromatographs seen as potential health hazard
•46-0010 ASBESTOS, fibrosis and asbestosls induced by
39-0003 ASBESTOS, health hazard to workers In automobile transmission parts manufacturing plant
48-0008 ASBESTOS, health hazards in dentistry
27-0005 ASBESTOS, health hazards of adhesives used for home repair work
35-0005 ASBESTOS, human and animal carcinogen
30-0002 ASBESTOS, human toxicology and carclnogenesls
51-0002 ASBESTOS, in drinking water
51-0005 ASBESTOS, in wall-repair compounds
29-0001 ASBESTOS, induction of chromosome changes In Chinese hamster cells by exposure to chrysotile
and crocidolite fibers
48-0006 ASBESTOS, inhalation effects on hamsters exposed to cigarette smoke
38-0005 ASBESTOS, low concentrations in mottle dust deemed non-hazardous to employees
52-0009 ASBESTOS, lung cancer in insulation workers
30-0003 ASBESTOS, mechanisms involved in effects on lungs
51-0004 ASBESTOS, mesothellomas and population exposure
27-0003 ASBESTOS, multiple primary tumors in individuals exposed to
29-0001 ASBESTOS, mutagenic effects
35-0033 ASBESTOS, new Olin Corp. chlor-alkali plant will use Hooker process involving use of
resin-stabilized asbestos diaphragms
40-0006 ASBESTOS, non-toxic dust concentrations in trimmings and braids manufacturing plant
28-0024 ASBESTOS, one of 13 carcinogens for which OSHA has published health standards
28-0001 ASBESTOS, OSHA cites PPG chlorine plant in Texas for violation of emissions standards
50-0005 ASBESTOS, OSHA requires yearly medical examination
31-0003 ASBESTOS, OSHA wants drastic reduction in employees' exposure limit
49-0009 ASBESTOS, performance and cost comparisons of new special ion-exchange membrane process and
asbestos-diaphragm process in chlor-alkali manufacturing
44-0008 ASBESTOS, persons exposed to show higher rates of symptomatology and lung function Impairment
than non-exposed persons in a community
43-0006 ASBESTOS, persulfonic acid resin film replacements for asbestos diaphragms cut chlor-alkali
costs
30-0003 ASBESTOS, pneumoconiosis in workers
32-0005 ASBESTOS, pollution related to manufacturing, demolition, wastes disposal and related activities
29-0002 ASBESTOS, potential carcinogen for shipyard workers
'33-0007 ASBESTOS, potential carcinogenic effects on WW II shipyard workers
48-0005 ASBESTOS, potential carcinogenic hazard of chrysotile
48-0006 ASBESTOS, potential cocarclnogen
•45-0002 ASBESTOS, potential hazards of fibers in asbestos-cement spray used in construction
38-0004 ASBESTOS, potential health hazard and toxiclty relative to a cement factory
32-0003 ASBESTOS, potential Increasing market as filler for plastics
46-0008 ASBESTOS, presence In drinking waters of several large U.S. cities Is no cause for immediate
concern according to EPA
48-0007 ASBESTOS, presence of ferruginous bodies In lungs of rural and urban dwellers not exposed
occupationally to
43-0005 ASBESTOS, processed mineral fiber offered as substitute for many applications
37-0009 ASBESTOS, proposed air quality standard
47-0006 ASBESTOS, proposed air quality standard defended
47-0005 ASBESTOS, proposed air quality standard questioned
38-0002 ASBESTOS, quantitative determination of fibers in liquids and solids
40-0005 ASBESTOS, quantitative relationship of fecal asbestos to asbestos exposure
32-0005 ASBESTOS, rationale for proposed amendments to air pollution standards
32-0004 ASBESTOS, relationship between fibrogeniclty and hemolytic activity confirmed via rat
erythrocytes
45-0004 ASBESTOS, release of fibers from protective clothing
42-0003- ASBESTOS, review of recent court cases indicates courts' view of Importance of reciprocal
relationship between risk and harm in judging toxicity
51-0001 ASBESTOS, review of the literature
38-0001 ASBESTOS, review of uses and health hazards
36-0002 ASBESTOS, statistical analysis of airborne fiber counting in the laboratory and industrial
environment
44-0006 ASBESTOS, surveillance of asbestos workers in Texas aimed at early detection of lung cancer
52-0010 ASBESTOS, TLV history and development
31-0001 ASBESTOS, transport through soil
39-0004 ASBESTOS, use of thermoanalytical methods to environmental health problems
27-0003 ASBESTOS, uses and exposures — occupational and nonoccupational
44-0005 ASBESTOS, visceral pleural changes in workers with significant long-term exposure to asbestos
versus no similar effects In personnel exposed Intermittently
52-0008 ASBESTOS, workers health care after exposure
37-0004 ASBESTOS, X-ray diffraction analysis in air or water
37-0002 ASBESTOS FIBER, potential filler for paper
51-0003 ASBESTOS FIBERS, control In converter industries
44-0003 ASBESTOS FIBERS, depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers
47-0004 ASBESTOS FIBERS, environmental monitoring
29-0001 ASBESTOS FIBERS, mutagenic effects
39-0005 ASBESTOS-FREE TALC, uses
-------
Ref. No.
46-0009 ASBESTOSIS, dynamics of
30-0002 ASBESTOSIS, reassessment of the problem
47-0038 ASPHALT, hot-mix emission study Indicates no serious air pollution or health hazards
29-0007 ATOMIC OXYGEN/AEROSOLS, chemical reactions In stratosphere leading to ozone depletion
29-0023 ATRAZINE, potential carcinogen
29-0023 ATRAZINE, widely-used pesticide found In drinking water could react with nitrite to form
potential carcinogen in human stomach
46-0055 BACTERIAL INDICATORS, symposium on Indicators of potential health hazards associated with
water
27-0033 BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY, emerging discipline may lead to predicting potential toxicity of
chemicals
47-0045 BENELITE, new beneficiated ilmenite ore offers environmentally clean process for manufacture
of ri02
44-0038 BENZENE, implicated in 150 cases of leukemia
47-0043 BENZENE, inhalation tests at 100 ppm and 300 ppm fail to induce leukemia in rats and mice
45-0037 BENZENE, leukemia deaths in exposed workers under investigation
29-0003 BENZENE RING COMPOUNDS, potential bladder carcinogens
35-0005 BENZIDINE, animal studies useful in predicting human carcinogenic effects
47-0007 BENZIDINE, bladder-cancer deaths of British rubber workers on Increase despite discontinued
use of
36-0001 BENZIDINE, carcinogenic to man
42-0004 BENZIDINE, colorlmetric assay for detection In urine and water
31-0006 BENZIDINE, environmental fate
30-0004 BENZIDINE, hepatropic action in mice
35-0005 BENZIDINE, human and animal carcinogen
39-0006 BENZIDINE, human bladder carcinogen
33-0008 BENZIDINE, more potent human carcinogen than 3,3'-dichlorobenzldine
40-0007 BENZIDINE, mutagenic activity in rats following dermal application and subcutaneous injection
38-0007 BENZIDINE, mutagenic potency
46-0012 BENZIDINE, new black dyes from Atlantic Chemical Corporation are benzidine-free products
meeting OSHA's requirements for finishing plant effluents
39-0006 BENZIDINE, new dye manufacturing process reduced bladder tumor cases in workers during last
20 years
32-0007 BENZIDINE, non-tumorigenlc to fish liver
29-0003 BENZIDINE, potential bladder carcinogen
42-0005 BENZIDINE, presence In Kentucky school laboratories of potential carcinogens indicates need
for schools to enforce safety standards for exposure
52-0011 BENZIDINE, substitutes or process changes in manufacturing
35-0006 BENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, carclnogenicity in mice
44-0009 BENZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, hepatic cytologic and neoplastic changes in mice
39-0006 BENZIDINE SULFATE, carcinogenic hazard to dye workers
39-0011 BENZOIC ACID 2-(2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENYL) HYDRAZIDE, photolysis products
46-0056 BENZYPHENOLS, newly synthesized compounds show promise as safe biocides
32-0018 BERYLLIUM, potential carclnogenicity demonstrated in rats prompts OSHA's new proposed
occupational exposure standard
41-0035 BIOMASS CONVERSION, potential source of synthetic fuels and chemical feedstocks
36-0001 N,N-BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)-2-NAPHTHYLAMINE, carcinogenic to man
35-0014 1,2-BIS(CHLOROMETHOXY)BUTANE, carciriogenicity in mice
35-0014 1,2-BIS(CHLOROMETHOXY)ETHANE, carclnogenicity in mice
35-0014 1,6-BIS(CHLOROMETHOXY)HEXANE, carclnogenicity in mice
35-0014 l,4-BIS(CHLOROMETHOXY)-p-XYLENE, carcinogenicity in mice
36-0001 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, carcinogenic to man
43-0015 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, detection in air
44-0018 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, detection in air at the ppb level with new automatic gas chromatographic
monitor
31-0006 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, environmental fate
48-0013 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, epldemlologlcal survey of lung cancer following exposure to
35-0005 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, human and animal carcinogen
36-0010 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
38-0007 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, mutagenle potency
28-0024 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, one of 13 carcinogens for which OSHA has published health standards
48-0014 BIS (CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, possible formation from the reactions of formaldehyde and commonly
used chloride salts
49-0007 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, possible formation in paints containing both formaldehyde and
chlorine containing resins
29-0004 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, potential bronchogenic carcinogen at low levels
48-0012 BIS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER, researchers Indicate that dlmethylcarbomoyl chloride may be more
potent carcinogen than
47-0023 BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, effect on blood compatibility of polyvinyl chloride
_47-0024 BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, nonspecific effect on hexobarbital sleep time in rats and mice
50-0029 l,2-BIS(ETHYLSULFONYL)-l,2-DiCHLOROETHYLENE,-se penetrating, irreversible corneal injury
to rabbit eye produced by
35-0007 BORON, charged particle activation analysis
30-0005 BORON, detection in boronated fertilizers
31-0007 BORON, ecological investigation of accuracy of federal standard of permissible levels to
water resources
31-0007 BORON, effect of drinking water permissible levels on cattle
50-0008 BORON; effect on gonads
50-0007 BORON, effect on reproduction
39-0007 BORON, environmental effects
47-0008 BORON, foliar Injury from emissions from Canadian appliance manufacturing and fiberglass
manufacturing plants
36-0003 BORON, new ferrous metallic glasses
47-0008 BORON, phytotoxic air pollutant
44-0010 BORON, semiautomated method for analysis in surface water by atomic emission spectroscopy
50-0008 BORON, toxic effects
32-0036 BOWEL CANCER, possible occupational factors
-9-
-------
Ref. No.
35-0045
50-0011
41-0008
29-0004
41-0007
28-0003
47-0009
45-0006
30-0006
36-0007
44-0039
35-0049
42-0027
BRICK PLANTS, air emissions from four U.S. plants measured
BROMINATED BIPHENYL, flame retardant chemical structure
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, major component of flame retardant Involved In accidental poisoning
of cattle and other animals is identified
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, potential environmental hazards
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, potential toxiclty and teratogenicity in rodents of a commerical
flame redardant
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, review of toxic effects of PBBs
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, teratogenic effects in rats
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, toxic effects from accidental mix-up with animal feeds
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS, ultrastructure and morphogenesis of hepatocellular changes In rats
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
BUTADIENE, possible health hazard in tire and rubber companies
BUTYLATED MONOCHLORODIPHENYL OXIDE, environmentally safer PCS substitute
N-BUTYL-N-(4-HYDROXYBUTYL)NITROSAMINE, bladder tumors in rats potentiated by administration
of leupeptin
35-0046 CADMIUM, concentration in Pacific Ocean plankton
39-0040 CADMIUM, environmental occurrence and potential effects on health
40-0033 CADMIUM, potential cytogenetic effects
43-0040 CADMIUM, trace amounts in air are potential health hazards and should be controlled
36-0001 CADMIUM OXIDE AND SULFATE, carcinogenic to man
51-0030 CANCER, metal workers have elevated risk
48-0012 CANCER TESTING, toxlcologists criticize NCI's proposed testing procedures and goals
39-0018 CARBOFURAN, micro-biological fate
29-0012 CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX, method of approaching gross ecosystem energetics
36-0009 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, economic impact assessment of possible regulatory action to control
atmospheric emissions
40-0008 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, estimated stratospheric concentration of gaseous chlorine compounds
36-0010 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
36-0007 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
44-0013 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, no evidence that it has contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion
27-0010 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, producers may have to convert some capacity to perchloroethylene
if fluorocarbon ban goes Into effect
27-0010 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, production threatened by potential ban of fluorocarbons
44-0013 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, seen as greater contributor to atmospheric chlorine than fluorocarbons
11 and 12
47-0047 CARCINOGENS, EPA standardizes Its guidelines
45-0033 CARCINOGENS, standards for industrial control of
51-0031 CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS, industry adopts controversial "quick" tests (Ames Test)
27-0034 CHEMICALS, behavioral and latent effects of low level chemicals on humans
49-0038 CHLORALKALIES, factors affecting a changing world market
49-0041 CHLORAMINE, potential mutagen
49-0040 CHLORAMINES, potential hazard to aquatic life
41-0012 CHLORINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS, photochemical breakdown yields more toxic chlorinated dibenzofurans
38-0037 CHLORINATED ETHYLENES, atmospheric oxidation
29-0013 CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, persistence of low-and high-molecular-welght compounds In natural
water bodies
27-0037 CHLORINATED KETONE, health hazard to workers in pesticide plant
37-0042 CHLORINE, explosion kills four and injures more
35-0031 2-CHLOROACETALDEHYDE, mutagenicity of this VC metabolite in mammalian cell system
31-0031 CHLOROACETALDEHYDE, possible metabolite of vinyl chloride is mutagenlc
36-0009 CHLOROCARBONS, economic impact assessment of possible regulatory action to control
atmospheric emissions
31-0015 CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, fire extinguishing properties
!46-0017 CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FC-22), world production from start of commercial manufacture through
1975 set at 1,670 million Ib
35-0031 CHLOROETHYLENE OXIDE, mutagenicity of this VC metabolite in mammalian cell system
27-0010 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON, ban would affect carbon tetrachlorlde market
28-0006 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, action of sunlight on oxygen suggests re-formation of ozone In atmosphere
37-0013 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, analysis in troposphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
39-0010 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, balloon probes will study reactions of F-ll and F-12 more than 50,000
feet above the earth
28-0005 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, detection of chlorine oxide in the atmosphere is part of MCA research
31-0013 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, effect on earth's thermal energy balance
38-0010 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, effect on stratospheric ozone may be different because of possible
existence of a tropospheric sink
28-0004 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, effect of temperature on their breakdown In the stratosphere
31-0013 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, greenhouse effect on climate
31-0017 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, Increase in UV radiation from ozone depletion may reach 40Z
31-0016 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, mathematical computer model simulates ozone region to study effects of
28-0005 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, MCA research studies will be available to government
34-0005 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, misinformation and facts relative to ozone depletion in stratosphere
•46-0013 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, photochemical decomposition related to their spectra
28-0004 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, photochemical mechanisms for their decomposition
46-0019 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, potentially safe alternatives for F-ll and F-12 in aerosols Include
F-22, F-133a, F-142b, F-152a, and some of the 120 series
28-0010 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, stratospheric research balloon locates chlorofluorocarbons that
apparently are breaking down to chlorine atoms
36-0011 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS F-ll AND F-12, balloon-borne measurements show Increase In stratosphere
over New Mexico
36-0009 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS F-ll AND F-12, AND F-22, economic impact assessment of possible regulatory
action to control atmospheric emissions
40-0012 CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, atmospheric concentrations and their ozone depletion effects
40-0010 CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, effect of fluorine atoms on ozone destruction in the stratosphere
-10-
-------
Ref. No.
44-0012 CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, only substances currently seen as threat to stratospheric ozone
40-0012 CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES, possible biological and climatologlcal effects of stratospheric
ozone depletion
36-0010 CHLOROFORM, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
30-0017 CHLOROFORM, potential cause of ozone depletion in atmosphere
42-0031 CHLOROFORM, potential liver carcinogen in mice
50-0025 CHLOROFORM, results of a carcinogenesis bioassay of
31-0038 CHLOROFORM, toxicity in mice genetically controlled
44-0024 CHLOROHYDROCARBONS, photodecomposition rates under simulated atmospheric conditions
45-0016 CHLOROHYDROCARBONS, residence times in atmosphere based on reactivity
40-0008 CHLOROMETHANE, estimated stratospheric concentration of gaseous chlorine compounds
44-0020 CHLOROMETHYL ETHERS, characteristics of induced lung cancers
44-0019 CHLOROMETHYL ETHERS, pulmonary effects on humans
48-0013 CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, epldemiological survey of lung cancer following exposure to
50-0010 CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, exposure and smoking habits
50-0010 CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER, incidence of lung cancer
34-0014 CHLOROPROPANOLS, mutagenic residue from propylene oxide sterilization
28-0023 CHROMATE PIGMENT, potential carcinogen
31-0034 CHROMATE PIGMENTS, cause of death from lung cancer in workers exposed to
31-0035 CHROMATE PIGMENTS, potential carcinogen and lung carcinogen for workers
27-0029 CHROMATE WASTES, potential health hazard to Japanese citizens
27-0030 CHROMATES, carcinogenic effect noted in Italian studies and Norwegian industry
27-0030 CHROMATES, NIOSH may issue potential carcinogen alert
27-0029 CHROMATES, potential carcinogens
27-0028 CHROMIC OXIDE PIGMENT, apparently non-toxic and non-carcinogenic when fed to rats
47-0031 CHROMIUM, potential carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) compounds
36-0001 CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, carcinogenic to man
38-0001 CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS, environmental health hazards can be eliminated if proper controls
are used
38-0001 CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS, increasing consumption indicates its essential contribution to
many Industrial products
46-0056 CINNAMYLPHENOLS, newly synthesized compounds show promise as safe blocides
31-0032 CLEAN-AIR REGULATIONS, economic impact on the chemical process industry
30-0024 COAL, court decision re: need for environmental impact statements slows mining operations
50-0016 COAL, major direct combustion projects
32-0037 COAL CHAR, potential source of environmentally-clean electricity
31-0022 COAL CONVERSION, environmental aspects
46-0029 COAL CONVERSION, four basic methods for deriving oil or gas from coal
35-0017 COAL CONVERSION, funding by state of Illinois spurs activity in coal conversion demonstration
plants
46-0028 COAL CONVERSION, higher natural gas prices plus better availability of coal and Increasing
use of oil and gas for petrochemicals spur research and development
35-0017 COAL CONVERSION, legislative and financial problems seen as greatest impediments to development
of a U.S. coal conversion industry
31-0023 COAL CONVERSION, methods and uses
38-0017 COAL CONVERSION, potential cause of cancer because of air pollution
48-0019 COAL CONVERSION, potential wastewater pollutants
50-0016 COAL CONVERSION, research and development amounting to more than $400 million
48-0020 COAL CONVERSION, research program by ERDA designed for speedy development of necessary
technology with minimal Impact on the environment
50-0016 COAL CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION PROGRAM, EHDA developing technology for commercialization
of processes
49-0019 COAL CONVERSION LIQUIDS, mutagenic tests on
49-0019 COAL CONVERSION LIQUIDS, toxicity tests on
50-0016 COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES, status of demonstration plants
36-0016 COAL GASIFICATION, catalysts
50-0018 COAL GASIFICATION, Commonwealth Edison's multimillion dollar project
36-0016 COAL GASIFICATION, direct production of methane from coal-steam reactions
38-0015 COAL GASIFICATION, economic and environmental criteria compared for three processes
30-0023 COAL GASIFICATION, economics
36-0015 COAL GASIFICATION, electrofluid reactors
30-0026 COAL GASIFICATION, environmental considerations in retrofitting existing processes
45-0021 COAL GASIFICATION, federal financing of plants
36-0015 COAL GASIFICATION, fluidized bed processors
50-0016 COAL GASIFICATION, major high and low B.t.u. projects outlined
33-0015 COAL GASIFICATION, new unit offered by Riley Stoker's Riley division
52-0024 COAL GASIFICATION, North Dakota waits for Impact study
51-0016 COAL GASIFICATION, pilot plant for Synthane Process
46-0030 COAL GASIFICATION, plant economics
30-0025 COAL GASIFICATION, potential environmental effect of BuMlne's Synthane Process
30-0027 COAL GASIFICATION, potential environmental effects of Lurgi process
52-0023 COAL GASIFICATION, process demonstration
48-0022 COAL GASIFICATION, system under development for OCR by Combustion Engineering, Inc.,
is In final design stage
38-0016 COAL GASIFICATION, technology and environmental effects
27-0012 COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, review of technologies
43-0018 COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION, two experimental projects in U.S. and Scotland are
making progress
42-0017 COAL HYDROGENATION, advocated for production of liquid fuels for the transportation market
50-0017 COAL LIQUEFACTION, Arthur D. Little, Inc. process
49-0019 COAL LIQUEFACTION, chemical-biological characterization conversion liquids
52-0025 COAL LIQUEFACTION, demonstration plant by Fluor Engineers
52-0022 COAL LIQUEFACTION, demonstration plant by Occidental Research
33-0016 COAL LIQUEFACTION, environmental factors
42-0018 COAL LIQUEFACTION, ERDA plans to give $5 million in contracts to three companies to
determine technical and economic feasibility of their proposed methods
-11-
-------
Ref. No.
38-0013 COAL LIQUEFACTION, Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) Process is working well in pilot plant runs
28-0013 COAL LIQUEFACTION, flash hydrogenation of coal provides high liquid yield
50-0016 COAL LIQUEFACTION, major projects outlined
38-0014 COAL LIQUEFACTION, New Athens, Illinois, site of planned Coalcon demonstration plant selected
because of freedom from environmental site problems
48-0021 COAL LIQUEFACTION, new Clean Fuel from Coal process applicable to most domestic coals
51-0015 COAL LIQUEFACTION, process development
28-0014 COAL LIQUEFACTION, pros and cons of various processes under development
COAL LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION, see: coal gasification and liquefaction
48-0041 COAL-TAR PITCH, potential hazards of fumes
29-0027 COKE OVEN WORKERS, high death rate from lung cancer
34-0012 COKE OVENS, benzo(a)pyrene emissions labelled as cause of cancer
44-0023 CYCLOHEXANONE, potential health hazard In PVC extruded hose manufacture
51-0028 CYCLOTRIMETHYLENETRINITRAMINE, acute and chronic biochemical and behavioral effects of
35-0048 DDT, bottom fish near contaminated sediments still show high levels of the pesticide
indicating potential food hazards .
27-0007 N,N'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE, potential cause of kidney damage in rats
36-0021 DIALLYPHTHALATE MONOMERS AND POLYMERS, FMC increases price of
41-0017 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE, potential cause of toxic hepatitis and potential carcinogen
38-0007 DIBENZYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
36-0007 DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
31-0008 2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL ACRYLATE, new flame retardant for coatings and plastics
31-0008 2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL METHACRYLATE, new flame retardant for coatings and plastics
43-0010 DIBROMOPROPYL PHOSPHATE, flame retardant In children's sleepwear cited as potential
carcinogen
49-0031 DIBUTYLNITROSAMINE, effect on dimethylnitrosamine metabolism and toxicity
38-0007 DI-N-BUTYLNITROSAM1NE, mutagenic potency
30-0034 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE, retention and excretion in rats
30-0033 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE, toxlcological properties in rats
42-0004 DICHLOROBENZIDINE, colorimetric assay for detection in urine and water
31-0006 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, environmental fate
33-0008 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, if carcinogenic to humans is weaker than benzidlne
33-0008' 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE, non-potential human carcinogen
35-0014 trans-l,4-DICHLOROBUTEHE-2Vcarcinogenicity in mice
37-0012 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, atmospheric concentrations
37-0016 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, concentrations in atmosphere measured by infrared
•37-0011 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, distribution and fate in animals inhaling
36-0008 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in
donkeys
40-0008 DICHLORODIFLOUROMETHANE, estimated stratospheric concentration of gaseous chlorine compounds
30-0016 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, interactions with human and bovine globulins
40-0009 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, stratospheric concentrations
40-0011 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, stratospheric profile
31-0012 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE, ultraviolet photoabsorption
46-0017 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FC-12), world production from start of commercial manufacture
through 1975 set at 11,197.million Ib
41-0013 DICHLORODIPHENYL, absorption, transport, and organotropism in rat compared to that of
hexachlorobenzene
36-0010 DICHLOROETHANE, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
36-0007 1,2-DICHLORETHANE, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
35-0019 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE, mutagenicity
35-0019 cis-l,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE, mutagenicity
35-0019 trans-l,2-DICHLORpETHYLENE, mutagenicity
46-0001 DICHLOROETHYL ETHER, among several chemicals for which NIOSH plans to develop recommended
standards for occupational exposure to by 1979
•42-0010 DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, adsorption on activated carbon
30-0015 DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, solubility in blood and plasma of different species
36-0010 DICHLOROMETHANE, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
36-0010 DICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
42-0010 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, adsorption on activated carbon
42-0011 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, biological half-life
30-0016 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, Interactions with human and bovine globulins
42-0011 DICHLOROrETRAFLUOROETHANE, pharmacokinetics in dogs
30-0015 DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, solubility in blood and plasma of different species
41-0013 DIELDR1N, absorption, transport, and organotropism in rat compared to that of hexachlorobenzene
31-0025 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, absorption, metabolism, and tissue distribution in rats
46-0032 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, acute and chronic toxlcities of
33-0022 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, detection in air
38-0022 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, detection in environmental samples
33-0023 DI-C2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, detection in open-ocean biota samples
31-0026 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, dietary influence on lipid metabolism
44-0023 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, potential health hazard in PVC extruded hose manufacture
46-0033 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, toxicology of in devices in contact with blood
39-0019 DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, toxicology of plastic devices in contact with blood
47-0029 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, biological activity of principal product from reaction in the Udenfrlend
system
35*0044 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic and cocarclnogenic effects (with synthetic smog and ferric
oxide particles) of inhalation on Syrian hamsters
37-0037 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects
47-0028 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic effects on Chinese hamsters
35-0041 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic effects on fetal respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters
40-0032 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, effect of serum on growth of precancerous foci and tumors induced by
DENA
49-0031 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, effect on dimethylnitrosamine metabolism and toxicity
46-0047 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, effect on intrasplenic tumor formation in hamsters
46-0046 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, effects in combination with cigarette smoke on hamsters
46-0046 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, effects on hamsters
-12-
-------
Ref. No.
35-0039 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, factors affecting metabolism and mutagenicity
48-0006 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, inhalation effects on hamsters exposed to cigarette smoke
40-0029 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, lung and stomach tumors induced in mice
38-0008 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
47-0029 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic studies
40-0029 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, plasma esterase changes in mice
48-0006 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, potential cocarcinogen
41-0032 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, renal carcinogenlcity modification by actinomycin D and a protein
deficient diet
47-0030 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, respiratory carcinogenic effects on hamsters when given alone or
with ferric oxide
35-0041 DIETHYLNITROSAMINE, transplacental carcinogenic effect In Syrian hamsters related to time
of administration during pregnancy
29-0025 DIETHYLSTILBESTROL, potential carcinogen may be banned in animal feeding
36-0008 DIFLUORODICHLOROMETHANE, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in
donkeys
37-0010 DIFLUORODICHLOROMETHANE, metabolic effects in various animals
36-0023 DIISOCYANATES, hydrolytic stability of
36-0022 DIISODECYL PHTHALATE, BASF Wyandotte increases price of
50-0024 DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (DMCC), acute toxic effects and carcinogenic potential
48-0012 DIMETHYLCARBOMOYL CHLORIDE, Inducer of rare squamous cell (skin) cancer of the nose in rats
45-0036 DIMETHYLCARBOMOYL CHLORIDE, possible carcinogen
48-0012 DIMETHYLCARBOMOYL CHLORIDE, potential Inhalation carcinogen in rats
38-0041 2,2'-DIMETHYLDIPROPYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic effects in hamsters
40-0015 DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, effect on rabbit pancreas
35-0016 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, effect on sperm abnormalities in mice
49-0016 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, effects on guinea pigs
49-0016 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, immunologlcal response in guinea pigs following exposure to
48-0017 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, teratogenic effects on embryos of the South African clawed toad
32-0011 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, iumunologlc aspects of colon tumors Induced in rats
38-0007 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, mutagenic potency
48-0017 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, teratogenic effects on embryos of the South African clawed toad
42-0014 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, most potent carcinogen in mice of six methylated
hydrazines tested
49-0034 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, age-dependence of DMN-demethylase activity in the rat
41-0031 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic action on livers of rats after partial hepatectomy
37-0037 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects
47-0028 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogenic effects on Chinese hamsters
38-0040 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity In mice
36-0013 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE (DMNA), detectable quantities threaten closing of FMC unsymmetrical
dlmethylhydrazine plant
35-0037 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, detection of 12 ppb in air near FMC's Baltimore rocket fuel plant may
force closing of plant
37-0036 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, DNA damage In mouse organs
40-0028 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, effect on organ cultures of human embryonic lung and kidney tissues
35-0016 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, effect on sperm abnormalities in mice
35-0039 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, factors affecting metabolism and mutagenicity
38-0039 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, inhalation of 1 to 1.4 ug possible from levels existing in air in
certain area
48-0037 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, inhibition of rat liver RNA polymerases
39-0028 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, lethal effect on bacteria
38-0042 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, metabolism and acute toxicity in rata
49-0032 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, methods for limiting content in marine salt fish
37-0039 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic effects in rat
38-0007 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
49-0036 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, part per billion concentration levels detected in air of several U.S. cities
35-0037 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, potential carcinogen detected in Baltimore air
30-0045 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, presence in urban air instigates EPA air and water studies
38-0043 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, presence in various cured Jellied products
37-0023 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, presence of this suspect carcinogen in air causes closing of rocket
fuel plant
41-0029 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, test compound In studies that show that analysis of alkylated amino acids
in haemoglobin can be used clinically to obtain risk estimates for humans
exposed to genotoxic agents
36-0014 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, toxic Intermediate in the processing of unsymmetrical dimethyIhydrazlne
causes FMC plant shut down
40-0030 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE-DEMETHYLASE, repression by polynuclear hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbon
compounds
28-0016 DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE, its absorption, distribution and excretion in rabbits and rats
28-0016 DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE, potential health hazards
46-0032 DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE, acute and chronic toxicitles of
40-0017 DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE, distribution in various organisms
40-0017 DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE, fate in two model ecosystems
36-0020 DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, aerosol generator of high stability
48-0002 DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, production drop in 1975
30-0033 DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, lexicological properties in rats
52-0012 DIOXANE, effect on liver and drug metabolism
30-0009 DIOXANE, occupational hazards and control
36-0004 DIOXANE, OSHA draft technical standards
42-0006 . DIOXANE-BASED HERBICIDE, evaluation study underway at FMC to determine feasibility of
commercializing new pre-emergence herbicide
38-0007 DI-n-PENTYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
38-0007 DIPHENYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
38-0041 DI-n-PROPYLNITROSAMINE, carcinogen effects in animala
38-0007 DI-n-PROPYLNITROSAMINE, mutagenic potency
-13-
-------
Ref. No.
34-0013 EARTHWORMS, potential monitors of heavy metals In sewage sludge
39-0015 ECOLOGICAL MODELING, problems and prospects of use
43-0021 ECOLOGY, mercury-resistant and mercury-metabolizing bacteria In Chesapeake Bay
43-0023 ECOLOGY, water pollution by Insecticides (a bibliography with abstracts)
43-0024
43-0019 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS, environmental contamination by lead
39-0014 ECOSYSTEM M3DELS, bibliography
38-0018 ECOSYSTEMS, analysis and prediction
39-0013 ECOSYSTEMS, bio-refractory index for organics In water
33-0018 ECOSYSTEMS, effect on human food chain of cadmium-containing sewage sludge used as fertilizer
49-0021 ECOSYSTEMS, evaluation of microcosms as means of predicting chemical fate in natural ecosystems
36-0017 ECOSYSTEMS, modeling the dynamics of biological and chemical components of aquatic
36-0018 ECOSYSTEMS, path of pollutants
33-0017 ECOSYSTEMS, productivity
32-0037 ELECTRICITY, non-polluting process for production from low-grade coal or char residue from
coal liquefaction
30-0042 ENDOTHAL, uptake, distribution and accumulation in fish
41-0039 ENERGY, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) may be new source of
39-0033 ENERGY, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion proposes use of the sea as a heat source and heat
sink for generating electricity
42-0017 ENERGY, review of alternatives for petroleum and natural gas
41-0040 ENERGY, six ocean energy sources (tides, waves, salinity gradients, currents, winds, and
bioconversion) are added to ocean thermal energy conversion as potential means of
exploiting energy from oceans
38-0045 ENERGY CONSERVATION, solar collectors for buildings
39-0039 ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS, bibliography
42-0033 ETHYLENE, long-term Inhalation studies on rats to be conducted
38-0036 ETHYLENE, new alkylation catalyst offers advantage of an environmentally clean production
process
38-0035 ETHYLENE, new economics stemming from possible use of heavier feedstocks must relate to
consuming products, such as polyvinyl chloride
40-0027 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, effect on automobile catalytic converters for removal of air pollutants
50-0023 ETHYLENE DIBROMDE, leak stopped and potential hazard avoided
38-0038 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, low residues in apples fumigated with
42-0026 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, mutagenic effect on clones of Tradescantl
38-0007 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, mutagenic potency
38-0038 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, potential carcinogen in rats and mice
39-0027 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, potential carcinogen not seen as significant health hazard on basis of
amounts detected in air and water
39-0027 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE, sampling and analysis in air and water
46-0031 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE, NIOSH has proposed an occupational exposure standard with a 5 ppm limit
31-0006 ETHYLENEIMINE, environmental fate
28-0024 ETHYLENEIMINE, one of 13 carcinogens for which OSHA has published health standards
41-0009 ETHYLENEIMINE, methods of scoring induced chromosome structural changes in barley
49-0010 ETHYLENEIMINE, mutagenic effects of
38-0007 ETHYLENEIMINE, mutagenic potency
39-0016 0-ETHYL 0-[4-(METHYLTHIO) PHENYL] S-PROPYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE, metabolism by cow
39-0017 0-ETHYL 0-[4-(METHYLTHIO) PHENYL] S-PROPYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE, metabolism by rats
36-0008 FC 11, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in donkeys
36-0008 FC 12, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in donkeys
35-0044 FERRIC OXIDE, carcinogenic and cocarcinogenlc effects of inhalation on Syrian hamsters
35-0008 FIRE-RETARDANT ADDITIVES, Diamond Shamrock Corp.'s Houston, Texas plant scheduled for 1977
opening
29-0006 FIRE-RETARDANT FABRICS, contamination with glycerine, hand lotions and baby oil counteracts
fire retardancy
49-0012 FIRE RETARDANTS, proceedings of international symposium now available
36-0006 FIRE STOP, a tetrakls hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride (THPC)- derived finish
42-0007 FLAME RETARDANT, absorption of tris (2,3-dlbromylpropyl) phosphate from treated fabric
43-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, carpets and rugs captured about 75% of 1975 market
29-0006 FLAME RETARDANTS, contamination of treated fabrics with glycerine, hand lotions and baby
oil affects fabric flame resistance
41-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, environmental chemistry
47-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, expanded facilities at Michigan Chemical Corporation's El Dorado,
Arkansas facilities will be use to increase production of fireMaster 680
and other flame retardants
30-0011 FLAME RETARDANTS, fibers and textiles
36-0005 FLAME RETARDANTS, foreign organic fire resistant polymers
30-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, intumescent coatings may cut into market for plastics
29-0005 FLAME RETARDANTS, intumescent coatings on plastics reduce smoke evolution
41-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, major component of a polybrominated biphenyl industrial product indentlfied
43-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, market demand may soar to about 500 million Ib/year by 1980
30-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, market potential in plastics
35-0009 FLAME RETARDANTS, Mobil Chemical plans to be onstream in 1977 with new trimethyl phosphite
plant in Charleston, S.C.
31-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, new brominated acrylic monomers available from Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
47-0011 FLAME RETARDANTS, new non-toxic water soluble complex phosphonate ester (Poly-Card 123) for
polyesters is now offered by Hamilton-Auelander Mfg. Co. for children's
sleepwear, household fabrics, and camping equipment
45-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, new plant planned by Michigan Chemical
31-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, new phosphoramlde derivatives are effective for cottons
30-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, new products still based on bromine, phosphorus, and antimony oxide
27-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, new vinyl chloride-containing terpolymer for molding and extrusion
applications
45-0011 FLAME RETARDANTS, Olin Chemicals new plant for production
-14-
-------
Ret. No.
33-0009 FLAME RETARDANTS, planned additional capacity for trimethyl phosphite by Mobil Chemical will
be used in part to manufacture PR's
45-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, potential carcinogenics
48-0009 FLAME RETARDANTS, potential environmental hazards review
41-0007 FLAME RETARDANTS, potential toxicity and teratogenlclty in rodents of a commercial polybromlnated
biphenyl product
49-0011 FLAME RETARDANTS, report on symposium
31-0009 FLAME RETARDANTS, special formulation for polyester/cotton blends
45-0007 FLAME RETARDANTS, sterility induced by
45-0009 FLAME RETARDANTS, symposium
45-0006 FLAME RETARDANTS, toxic effects
38-0008 FLAME RETARDANTS, toxicity to goldfish
36-0006 FLAME RETARDANTS, UM & M's all-cotton children's sleepwear fabric finished with Fire Stop,
a tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride (THPC) derived finish
35-0010 FLAME RETARDANTS, use In fighting forest fires estimated at over 20 million gal/yr
49-0012 FLAMMABILITY, proceedings of international symposium now available
27-0016 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, accumulation In fish tissue not significant
27-0017 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, non-phototoxic and non-contributing to photocarcinogenesis in
skin tests on mice
37-0025 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, not likely to enter groundwater supplies via rainwater leaching
of detergent sludge
27-0017 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, photocarcinogenesis studies on mouse skin
27-0018 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity on mouse skin
27-0019
37-0025 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, removal from wastewater
27-0016 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, toxicity in fish
34-0015 FLUORIDES, NCI concludes water fluoridation not cause of cancer
40-0010 FLUORINE, photochemistry in the stratosphere
36-0009 FLUOROCARBON BAN, effects of
27-0010 FLUOROCARBON BAN would affect carbon tetrachloride market
28-0012 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, FDA orders companies to submit drug product information
28-0007 FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS, potential corrosion of aerosol containers limits use In oven
cleaner formulations
42-0010 FLUOROCARBONS, adsorption on activated carbon
47-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, aerosol production In free world exclusive of United States and Canada climbed
by 14* in 1974 over 1973 production
46-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, Allied Chemical and Du Font are working to develop stratospherlcally safe
fluorocarbons pending possible -government ban on use of trichloromono- and
dichlorodlfluoromethane
31-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, alternative propellants for F-ll and F-12 include F-21 and F-22
37-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, ammonia-HCl sink for chlorine is ruled out
46-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, annual and cumulative production and sales data from start of commercial
production through 1975 now available from MCA
34-0004 FLUOROCARBONS, atmospheric concentration
30-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, atmospheric concentration effects on world's temperature
40-0018 FLUOROCARBONS, blowing agents for new polyurethane foam in aerosol can dispenser
31-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, breakdown by sunlight in upper atmosphere
40-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, British researchers find evidence of possible 10% depletion of ozone layer
but anticipate allowing 10 years before restricting manufacture of some fluorocarbons
48-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, British researchers support theory that chlorine nitrate reduces stratospheric
ozone loss
35-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, comparison of distribution of F-ll and krypton-85 in atmosphere may shed light
on stratospheric ozone depletion problem
47-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, confusion regarding effects on ozone layer
43-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, correlation between aerosol usage and respiratory symptoms in humans
37-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, CPSC rejects petition to ban use in aerosol products
46-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, decreased U.S. production of aerosols due to ozone controversy is expected to
recover by 1980
despite new theory of persistence of chlorine nitrates In stratosphere acting
as a sink for liberated chlorine Rowland and Molina are pushing for fluorocarbon
ban
FLUOROCARBONS, distribution and fate of Inhaled compounds in animals
FLUOROCARBONS, drawbacks of alternative propellants such as C02 or hydrocarbons may be lessened
by addition of methylene chloride
FLUOROCARBONS, drop of 14X In 1975 U.S. aerosol production compared to 1974 is blamed on
general economic conditions as well as the ozone depletion controversy
FLUOROCARBONS, economic impacts of bans on their use
FLUOROCARBONS, effect of F-ll on preexisting heart disease
47-0014 FLUOROCARBONS,
37-0011
40-0014
47-0017
39-0009
45-0014
45-0017
45-0014
45-0018
45-0014
31-0011
31-0019
37-0017
40-0008
35-0012
31-0017
47-0013
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
42-0008 FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
FLUOROCARBONS,
46-0015 FLUOROCARBONS,
effect of F-1301 on preexisting heart disease
effect on ozone layer depletion overestimated
effect on preexisting heart disease
effects of temperature on breakdown In stratosphere
eight states enact or propose to enact legislation to control or ban sales of
aerosol propellants
electron capture gas chromatography as possible means of determining oceanic
concentrations of halogenated compounds
EFA urges use of alternatives in aerosol pesticides
estimated stratospheric concentration of gaseous chlorine compounds
expected Alaskan volcano eruption may provide test of stratospheric ozone
depletion theory
F-22 seen as less toxic than F-ll and F-12 aerosol propellants
formation of chlorine nitrate may tie up chlorine liberated from fluorocarbons
and cut down amount of ozone destroyed
Government may act by end of 1976 to ban fluorocarbon propellants giving
industry a two-or-three year deadline
-15-
-------
Rof. No.
43-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, harmful biological effects predicted by ozone depletion theories seen as
premature and misleading
47-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, in midst of continuing confirmations and contradictions on the ozone depletion
theory the U.S. consumer continues to purchase aerosol products
47-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, increase of about 20% in production over 1975 figures is anticipated for 1976
46-0019 FLUORQCARBONS, industry is working on safe nonchlorofluorocarbons for aerosols
37-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, infrared measurement in atmosphere
48-0010 FLUOROCARBONS, insufficient measurements on past ozone levels cast doubts on man's ability
to permanently modify the ozone layer
30-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, interactions with human and bovine globulins
30-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, interspecies differences may be factor in extrapolating animal data to predict
human toxiclty
28-0008 FLUOROCARBONS, Kaiser booklet presents overview of fluorocarbon/ozone controversy
44-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, Kentucky producers and users fight proposed state ban citing economic and
scientific reasons
31-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, malodors in propellent containing F-ll and 12 blended with nitromethane
31-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, mathematical computer simulates ozone region to study effects of
33-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, measurement of erythemally effective UV radiation and total ozone content
29-0008 FLUOROCARBONS, measurement of F-ll and F-12 In lower stratosphere confirms increased
concentration from production and use
37-0010 FLUOROCARBONS, metabolic effects in various animals
43-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, mortality survey of pesticides including aerosols
47-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, NAS report on damage to ozone layer delayed
50-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, National Bureau of Standards Conference on ozone
36-0007 FLUOROCARBONS, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated Organlcs
33-0010 FLUOROCARBONS, NBS researchers report lower value for rate of reaction between chlorine and
ozone
35-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, new calculations with F-12 and F-ll show temperature differences in stratosphere
versus room temperature do not effectively change ozone depletion theory
33-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, new C02 value/glass container system offers competition to fluorocarbon
propellants in aerosol fragrances market
27-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, new data implicates them as potential health hazards
47-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, new data indicate only minor temperature changes from ozone depletion
37-0018 FLUOROCARBONS, new rate data for ozone depletion reaction
37-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, new rate data refines ozone-depletion theory
43-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, new studies up by 10% the possibility of skin cancer cases possible from a
102 destruction of stratospheric ozone
31-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, ozone controversy slows European aerosol market
30-0017 FLUOROCARBONS, ozone damage potential may be less than that resulting from chlorination of
water
28-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, ozone theory criticized on several scores
28-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, Packaging Institute seminar airs science/industry approach to fluorocarbon/
ozone controversy
46-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, photoelectron and far-u.v. absorption spectra
27-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, potential cause of cardiac arrhythmia and death
30-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, potential toxic thermal decomposition products
46-0018 FLUOROCARBONS, production of aerosols in free world outside U.S. and Canada (except in Japan)
rose 14Z over 1973
30-0020 FLUOROCARBONS, properties, uses and environmental effects
49-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, proposed classification scheme for toxlcity of
30-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, proposed Wisconsin bill may upset state's economy
45-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, reproductive and teratologic effects on rats
46-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, research on hydrocarbons and dimethyl-ethers as alternative propellants
supported by Japanese fluorocarbon producers
45-0016 FLUOROCARBONS, residence times in atmosphere based on reactivity
36-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, restricted use in aerosol spray cans passed by N.Y. Legislature
29-0009 FLUOROCARBONS, role in ozone depletion debated
31-0018 FLUOROCARBONS, seven new research contracts covering effects on Earth's atmosphere brings
current research funding to $l.l-mlllion
30-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, solubilities in blood and plasma of different species
52-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, stratospheric chlorSne nitrate from
45-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, stratospheric concentrations of
46-0022 FLUOROCARBONS, stratospheric-Ion chemistry relative to 11-year variation in polar ozone
46-0023 FLUOROCARBONS, stratospheric ozone effects on temperature
44-0013 FLUOROCARBONS, study sponsored by Precision Valve Corp. indicated uncertainties in ozone
depletion theory
30-0014 FLUOROCARBONS, thermal decomposition products not considered hazard under normal use
30-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, tonnage reaching atmosphere each year is far beyond amount that the atmosphere
can absorb
41-0011 FLUOROCARBONS, tropospheric-stratospheric feedback calculations recommended for future models
calculating potential stratospheric ozone loss
31-0012 FLUOROCARBONS, ultraviolet photoabsorption
45-0015 FLUOROCARBONS, use as substitute surgical cleanser
30-0019 FLUOROCARBONS, Wisconsin bill proposes banning sales of aerosols by 1980
36-0008 FLUOROCARBONS 11 AND 12, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance In
donkeys
44-0013 • FLUOROCARBONS 11 AND 12, much less significant contributors to atmospheric chlorine than carbon
tetrachlorlde
51-0006 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, airborne research laboratory
30-0018 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, effect of temperature on breakdown of fluorocarbons by UV light adds
new scope to controversy
51-0008 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, industry research
51-0007 FLUOROCARBONS/OZONE, laboratory study
46-0034 FLUOROPOLYURETHANES, use In liquid epoxy resins to prevent marine borer attack on wood
36-0008 FLUOR01RICHLOROMETHANE, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in donkeys
-16-
-------
Ref. No.
31-0037 FORMALDEHYDE, potential inhalation health hazard
27-0025 ' FORMALDEHYDE AND OTHER CHEMICALS USED IN PLASTICS, decreased 1975 demand should turn
around in 1976 but still fall short of
197A levels
27-0024 FORMALDEHYDE AND OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS, mid-1975 production was well below mid-1974 output
45-0015 FREON, use as substitute surgical cleanser
35-0020 FUEL ADDITIVE, Ashland Oil announces new compound identified as AMD-4
45-0020
30-0047
GASIFICATION OF COAL, economical in situ technique
GASOLINE, decreased sale period coincides with reduced mortality rates
40-0036 HAIR DYES, potential mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards for hairdressers and workers in
cosmetic manufacturing plants
37-0014 HALOCARBONS, analysis in atmosphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
34-0004 HALOCARBONS, atmospheric concentration
46-0014 HALOCARBONS, formation in tropospheric air judged due to direct emissions of chemicals
46-0021 HALOCARBONS, inorganic and organic components of tropospheric halogen gases
37-0015 HALOCARBONS, natural compounds in air and sea
45-0013 HALOCARBONS, stratospheric concentrations of
34-0004 HALOCARBONS, useful tracers of atmospheric transport
52-0014 HALOETHERS, in the atmosphere from textile finishing
52-0015 HALOETHERS, lung cancer following worker exposure
29-0004 HALOETHERS, potential environmental contaminants in river waters
35-0014 HALOETHERS, toxicity in mice
52-0040 HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON GASES, toxicologlcal studies on
52-0040 HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON GASES, used as fire extinguishers, anesthetics, solvents, pesticides
and aerosol propellents
30-0017 HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS, volatile products from chlorination of water may cause atmospheric
ozone depletion
52-0040 HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, toxicity of
36-0007 HALOGENATED ORGANICS, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey
46-0020 HALOTHANE, explosion during use as anesthetic
51-0010 HALOTHANE, in post-operative hepatitis
44-0017 HALOTHANE, pathological changes in nervous system of rats following in utero exposure
37-0020 HALOTHANE, potential occupational hazard for pregnant operating room personnel
45-0012 HALOTHANE, reproductive and teratologic effects on rats
51-0011 HALOTHANE, teratogenlc effect on rats
32-0035 HAZARD RISKS, guidelines to estimation procedures useful In translating animal test results to
human risks
32-0029 HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, correlation of employee exposure with medical history at Dow Chemical
47-0033 HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, new manual from Japan covers handling, disposal and toxicity data for
over 700 chemicals
47-0040 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, toxic point determination
46-0051 HAZARDOUS WASTES, disposal of
45-0022 HEAVY METALS, concentration of by bacteria
48-0024 HEAVY METALS, effect on polychaetes
34-0016 HEAVY METALS, tendency to accumulate in rooted plants rather than in biota
48-0024 HEAVY METALS, toxic concentrations in sediments
30-0043 HERBICIDE, new dinitroaniline compound offered by American Cyanamide
43-0037 HERBICIDE, new pre-emergence compound from 3M controls cotton weeds
41-0008 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXABROMOBIPHENYL, major component of flame retardant involved in accidental
poisoning of cattle and other animals
41-0013 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, absorption, transport, and organotroplsm in the rat
37-0022 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, animal metabolism
37-0021 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, chromatographlc methods for analysis
32-0010 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, clearance and tissue distribution in rats
32-0008 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, detection and confirmation of presence in lipid material at low concentrations
51-0012 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, development of porphyria in rats
48-0016 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, distribution in water, soil, and aquatic organisms
52-0018 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, ecological study of southeastern Louisiana
33-0013 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect of removal of sex organs in rat on HCB porphyria
45-0019 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect on malathion toxicity in suckling rats
49-0014 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect on metabolism of xenobiotics
52-0017 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect on plant growth
31-0020 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect on rat liver
51-0012 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effect on the activity of hepatic uroporphyrlnogen carboxylase in the rat
43-0016 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, effects on fetal development in mice and rats
49-0015 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, environmental exposure of man and animals to
35-0015 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, hepatic microsomal enzyme activities
49-0014 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, hepatotoxiclty of
46-0025 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, in blood of children
46-0026 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, metabolites of
47-0018 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, no metabolic products of detected in rabbits
52-0016 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, photolysis of
31-0020 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, porphyrogenlc agent In rats
42-0021 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, potentlatlon of trichloroethylene hepatoxlcity and metabolism
48-0015 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, presence as a contaminant in monkey chow could influence results of
toxicological studies with animals
49-0015 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, production, use, and toxicity of
42-0012 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, residues In adipose tissue of German game animals
43-0016 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, teratologic effects in mice
32-0009 HEXACHLOROBENZENE, toxicity and bioaccumulation In rat and guinea pig
52-0019 HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE, analysis for residues in food
48-0016 HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE, distribution in water, soil, and aquatic organisms
51-0013 HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE, ecological study of
-17-
-------
Ref. No.
52-0020 HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE, In foods grown near perchloroethylene plants
36-0032 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE (HMPA), inhalation toxicity of
36-0032 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE (HMPA), potential carcinogen
32-0033 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE (HMPA), potential carcinogen in rats
30-0046
48-0012 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE (HMPA), potential inhalation carcinogen in rats
48-0012 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIBE (HMPA), solvent used in Kevlar (fiber) production said to cause nose
cancers in animals
36-0033 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE (HMPA), potential occupational hazard
47-0031 HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM, possible OSHA exposure standards for
44-0021 HYDRAZINE, acute toxicity experiments
42-0013 HYDRAZINE, effects of acute hydrazine intoxication on rat liver ornithine decarboxylase
activity
37-0023 HYDRAZINE, FMC will stop production of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
50-0013 HYDRAZINE, metabolite as carcinogen
49-0010 HYDRAZINE, mutagenic effects of
50-0014 HYDRAZINE, mutation damage
41-0015 HYDRAZINE, Olin expects to be ready in 1978 with a new hydrazine unit that will triple its
hydrazine hydrate capacity
41-0014 HYDRAZINE, reactant in the preparation of benzene sulfonyl chloride and other commercial
blowing agents
48-0017 HYDRAZINE, teratogenic effects on embryos of the South African clawed toad
52-0021 HYDRAZINE, tumors in mice
50-0015 HYDRAZINE, use in mutation detection systems
41-0015 HYDRAZINE, world demand expected to rise by 15-17%/year
38-0012 HYDRAZINES, fluorescent detection with fluorescamine and Isomeric phthalaldehydes
47-0019 HYDRAZINES, occupational health standards information
38-0007 HYDRAZINE SULFATE, mutagenic potency
27-0007 HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS, potential cause of kidney damage in humans
35-0001 HYDROGEN CYANIDE, possible by-product of Sohio process for manufacture of acrylonitrile
38-0007 N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL) HYDRAZINE, mutagenic potency
29-0004 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, potential environmental hazards
32-0029 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, linked with health records of Dow Chemical employees
38-0046 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS, effects on phytoplankton in the North sea
43-0023 INSECTICIDES, effects in the water environment upon plants, animals and humans (a bibliography
with abstracts)
43-0024
28-0029 INSECTICIDES, kinetic model for static bioassays
29-0005 INTUMESCENT COATINGS, potential flame-retardants for plastics
30-0021 ISOCYANATES, component of new urethane thermoplastic for quick curing
41-0018 ISOCYANATES, growing demand for polyurethanes suggests strong market for raw materials into
the 1980's
34-0006 ISOCYANATES, market gains strength
43-0017 ISOCYANATES, Mobay's new aliphatic isocyanate plant in Baytown, Texas, goes onstream in
spring 1976
41-0017 ISOCYANATES, potential health hazard alert sounded for the chemical intermediate, 4,4'-
diaminodlphenylmethane
49-0002 ISOCYANATES, potential health hazards when used as a polymer raw material
49-0018 ISOCYANATES, price increase announced by Upjohn
42-0015 ISOCYANATES, price increases announced by three manufacturers
32-0013 ISOCYANATES, significant increase in worldwide consumption predicted over next decade
43-0002 ISOCYANATES, the 50% expansion of Upjohn's LaPorte, Texas facility will cost $20 million
32-0014 ISOCYANATES, Upjohn advertises as useful for a wide variety of urethane products
32-0014 ISOCYANATES, UpJohn's total capacity now at 300 million Ibe/year
50-0026 ISOPROPANOL, cancer cases among employees of processing unit
31-0033 KEPONE, cause of encephalopathy (brain damage) in nine workers at manufacturing plant
27-0037 KEPONE, chlorinated ketone pesticide in blood of hospitalized workers
37-0040 KEPONE, detection in air and water in area of closed manufacturing plant indicates need for
long-term health study of residents
38-0048 KEPONE, health effects of and therapy for those affected by this pesticide
39-0038 KEPONE, inducer of liver cancer in mice and rats
39-0036 KEPONE, James River fisherman now suing Life Science Products, Allied Chemical et al for loss
of seafood markets
31-0033 KEPONE, manufacturer ordered by EPA to stop production
38-0047 KEPONE, OSHA issues warning to users
47-0032 KEPONE, potential liver carcinogen in rats and mice
29-0020 KEPONE, presence of this pesticide discovered in blood of workers' relatives
37-0041 KEPONE, presence of this pesticide in air and water near closed manufacturing plant prompts
request for federal grand jury investigation
39-0037 KEPONE, Senate committee investigates background events leading to this pesticide health and
environmental disaster
50-0028 KEPONE, toxicity in workers employed in pesticide manufacture
43-0038 KEPONE, traces up to 5.8 ppb found in mothers' milk in three southern states
41-0003 KEPONE, workers end families file additional suits for damages against former manufacturer
28-0024 KETONES, OSHA Issues proposed health standards
35-0050 LEAD, buildup in humans exposed to auto exhaust emissions
48-0040 LEAD, children of workers In lead smelter get lead poisoning via lead carried home on parents'
clothes
43-0020 LEAD, food chain and health implications of airborne
-18-
-------
Ref. No.
47-0044 LEAD, new process recovers lead from battery scrap without generating sulfur dioxide
40-0033 LEAD, potential cytogenetic effects
48-0039 LEAD, release from glazes and glasses in contact with acid solutions
29-0002 LEAD CHROMATES, potential carcinogens for shipyard workers
48-0039 LEAD POISONING, possible effect of lead leached from glazes and glasses
42-0016 LIQUEFIED COALS, air emissions in burning tests
43-0039 LITHIUM, possible shortage by the year 2000 may constrain certain energy technologies
27-0034 LOW LEVEL CHEMICALS, effect on human health
50-0026 LUBRICANT DEWAXING, cancer cases among employees of processing unit
47-0041 MANGANESE, health effects of and recommended standards for airborne
32-0030 MANGANESE, two cases of employee poisonings reported in California
27-0036 MANGANESE ANTIKNOCK EXHAUST PRODUCTS, toxicity
32-0030 MANGANESE DIOXIDE, potential toxicity of dusts in glazing ceramics
32-0027 MANGANOUS MANGANESE OXIDE, potential toxicity in rats of antiknock residue compound
38-0051 MARINE ZOOPLANKTON, fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in
41-0036 MERCURIAL PESTICIDES, EPA bans use in paint, seed treatment, and golf course turf
41-0036 MERCURIAL PESTICIDES, paint makers may fight EPA on use, claiming phenylmercury compounds in
paint do not blomethylate to form toxic compounds
40-0037 MERCURY, increased air emissions from greater use of coal as fuel may be environmental problem
based on findings that agricultural plants and soil transform mercury into more toxic
methylmercury
43-0021 MERCURY COMPOUNDS, metabolism in microorganisms
32-0034 METHANOL, review of toxicity in light of possible new uses that may present environmental
hazards
30-0044 METHANOL, technology and economics of its potential use as fuel
37-0015 METHYL CHLORIDE, concentration and stability in the stratosphere
36-0009 METHYL CHLOROFORM, economic impact assessment of possible regulatory action to control
atmospheric emission
27-0036 METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL, antiknock agent
27-0036 METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL, manganese exhaust products have low toxicity
32-0027 METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL, potential toxicity of when ingested by rats
37-0045 METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL, proposed antiknock agent may be potential catalyst for converting
SO2 to sulfuric acid and particulate sulfates
31-0006 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLORQANILINE) (MOCA), environmental fate
36-0023 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), hydrolytic stability of
49-0020 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), new aromatic diamine (called Apocure) advertised
as substitute for
41-0020 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), new urethane elastomers are MOCA-free
27-0013 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), Polyurethane Manufacturers Association protests
OSHA's request for warning signs and protective
equipment standards
44-0022 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA), potential health hazard to workers in company
producing urethane tracks for snowmobiles
40-0014 METHYLENE CHLORIDE, addition to COj or hydrocarbon propellents may help make them more
effective
45-0034 METHYLENE CHLORIDE, effects of exposure from hair sprays
46-0054 METHYLENE CHLORIDE, cardiovascular hazards from use of paint removers containing
31-0021 METHYLHYDRAZINE, distribution in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys
48-0017 METHYLHYDRAZINE, teratogenic effects on embryos of the South African clawed toad
35-0040 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, carcinogenic effects on rats as influenced by diet
41-0033 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, induction of mitotic recombination via treatment in
vitro and the host-mediated assay method
35-0038 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, known mutagen
37-0038 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOCUANIDINE, mucosal damage in rat stomach
42-0028 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagen testing
43-0036 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic effect on cultured mammalian cells
39-0029 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic effects compared with those of Actinomycin D
39-0030 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic effects on cellular slime mold
41-0022 N-Methyl-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic effects on Mlcrococcus radiodurans and E. coli
B/r
38-0007 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic potency
41-0033 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, mutagenic studies
43-0035 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, quantitative mutation assay system
41-0030 N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGTJANIDINE, study of mutagen specificity
35-0042 METHYLNITROSOUREA, inducer of mouse lung adenomas
38-0008 N-METHYLOL DIMETHYL PHOSPHONOPROPIONAMIDE, toxicity to goldfish
33-0038 MICROWAVE RADIATION, biological effects and health hazards
32-0032 MICROWAVE RADIATION, potential hazard to human nervous and reproductive systems
29-0026 MINE GASES, hazard to non-coal miners
47-0039 MINING, hazard analysis of metallic and nonmetalllc
47-0039 MINING, safety and health problems of metallic and nonmetalllc
47-0036 MIREX, former Allied Chemical plant in Aberdeen, Mississippi, now being operated by State of
Mississippi despite possible EPA ban of Mlrex as potential human carcinogen
39-0018 MIREX, micro-biological fate
36-0017 MODEL AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, a modeling strategy
38-0019 MODEL ECOSYSTEM, fate of select pesticides in the aquatic environment
43-0022 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, biological effects of trace amounts of toxic contaminants in aquatic and
terrestrial ecosystems (abstract bulletin)
29-0012 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, carbon dioxide flux in arctic ecosystems
45-0022 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, concentration of heavy metals from effluents by bacteria
30-0031 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, crude oil pollution effects on marine biology
45-0023 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, degradablllty of organic compounds by microbes
30-0029 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, distribution and degradation products of heptachlor and organochlorine
compounds used in its manufacture and use
-19-
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Ref. No.
36-0019 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, ecological diversity and species-abundance distributions
39-0012 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, effects of waste on a stable fish population
30-0030 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, fate of a triazine herbicide in aquatic system
28-0015 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, feedback dynamics analysis of secondary successional transients in
ecosystems
48-0023 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, heavy metals in estuarine ecosystem
52-0027 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, interdisciplinary concepts and formulations for water systems
52-0026 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, large scale systems approach to estuarine water quality modelling with
multiple constituents
37-0024 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, mathematical models in ecochemistry
52-0026 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, matrix model for simulating concentration distribution of water quality
constituents with coupled reactions in an estuary
36-0018 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, movement of pesticides through the environment
41-0021 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, role of plant residues in retention of cadmium in ecosystems
30-0028 MODEL ECOSYSTEMS, use in studying kinetic behavior of chemicals in the environment
42-0004 MONO-ACETYL BENZIDINE, colorimetric assay for determination in urine and water
35-0010 MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Monsanto1s (Phos-Chek) flame retardant, used to combat forest fires
near Los Angeles
37-0012 MONOFLUOROTRICHLOROMETHANE, atmospheric concentrations
37-0011 MONOFLUOROTRICHLOROMETHANE, distribution and fate in animals inhaling
36-0008 MONOFLUOROTRICHLOROMETHANE, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in
donkeys
37-0010 MONOFLUOROTRICHLOROMETHANE, metabolic effects in various animals
44-0021 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, acute and chronic toxicity experiments
49-0017 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, effect of electrode Implantation on seizure response to
29-0011 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE,"effect on red blood cell metabolism
49-0016 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, effects on guinea pigs
49-0016 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, immunologlcal response in guinea pigs following exposure to
49-0017 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, induction of seizures by
29-0010 MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE, neurophysiological and behavioral effects on cats
35-0042 MONONITROSOPIPERAZINE, inducer of mouse lung adenomas
35-0038 MUTAGEN, NIH scientists have synthesized a potent mutagen identified as a diol epoxide of
benzo[a]pyrene
31-0006
38-0007
36-0001
42-0004
42-0005
52-0011
35-0005
34-0007
36-0010
38-0007
29-0003
34-0007
47-0007
1-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
a-NAPHTHYLAMINE ,
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE ,
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
8-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
B-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
B-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
B-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
B-NAPHTHYLAMINE,
NAPHTHYLAMINES, 1
environmental fate
mutagenlc potency
carcinogenic to man
colorimetric assay for detection in urine and water
presence in Kentucky school laboratories of potential carcinogens indicates
need for schools to enforce safety standards for exposure
substitute or process changes in manufacturing
human and animal carcinogen
industry's failure to screen potential carcinogenicity
monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
mutagenlc potency
potential bladder carcinogen
NAPHTHYLAMINES , bladder-cancer deaths of British rubber workers on Increase despite discontinued
use of
45-0032 NAPHTHYLAMINES, effect of exposure to
33-0036 NICKEL, possible bioaccumulation in man and animals
32-0028 NICKEL SULFIDE, potential inhalation toxicity in rats
32-0028 NICKEL SULFIDE, potential pulmonary carcinogen in rats
39-0010 NITRIC OXIDE, balloon probes will study its effects on stratospheric ozone
27-0015 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, carcinogenicity potential apparently confirmed in recent animal studies
32-0016 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, degradability when used as detergent substitute
32-0016 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, effects on wastewater when used as substitute laundry detergent
38-0021 NITRILOTBIACETIC ACID, identification of urinary excretion product
30-0032 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, potential carcinogen affects urinary tract in rats and mice
27-0014 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, potential carcinogenicity and toxicity In mice
27-0015 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, potential renal carcinogen in rats and mice
32-0016 NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID-METAL COMPLEXES, degradability in activated sludge system when NTA used
as detergent substitute
48-0034 NITRITES, health problems associated with
45-0030 NITROFURANS, FDA action in banning as carcinogenic
40-0036 2-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, hair dye shown to be cytotoxic to cultured Chinese hamster cells
40-0036 4-NITRO-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, hair dye shown to be cytotoxic to cultured Chinese hamster cells
42-0030 NITROPHENYLENEDIAMINES, hair dyes reported to be non-mutagenic and non-teratogenic
50-0030 NITROPHENYLENEDIAMINES, potent mutagens in bacteria and carcinogen's in mice
41-0028 NITROSAMINES , a-acetoxy compounds are extremely hazardous "contact carcinogens"
41-0028 NITROSAMINES, a-acetoxy compounds are mutagenic per ae
47-0029 NITROSAMINES, biological activity of principal products from reaction In the Udenfriend system
47-0028 NITROSAMINES, carcinogenic effects on Chinese hamsters
35-0043 NITROSAMINES, carcinogenicity and public health aspects
40-0031 NITROSAMINES, environmental and consumer groups urge USDA to push for even lower limits of
nitrites and nitrates in foods than those proposed to insure public health safety
from nitroaamines
48-0036 NITROSAMINES, formation from industrial metal grinding fluids
48-0034 NITROSAMINES, health products associated with
51-0025 NITROSAMINES, in fumes from frying bacon
35-0042 NITROSAMINES , inducers of mouse lung adenomas
43-0034 NITROSAMINES, inhibition of formation In fried bacon by propyl gallate and ascorbyl palmitate
38-0039 NITROSAMINES, known animal carcinogens now detected in air, water, soil, and sewage treatment
plants may pose health hazard
47-0029 NITROSAMINES, mutagenlc studies
-20-
-------
Ref. No.
33-0033 NITROSAMINES, no indication of presence of volatile N-nitrosamines at the part per trillion
level in New Orleans and Boston water supplies
47-0019 NITROSAMINES, occupational health standards information
48-0038 NITROSAMINES, photoelectron spectra
49-0035 NITROSAMINES, photolytic degradation
33-0034 NITROSAMINES, possible ban on nitrate additives for foods
48-0035 NITROSAMINES, possible source of carcinogens
30-0045 NITROSAMINES, potential air and water pollutants
51-0026 NITROSAMINES, potential hazards from pesticide residues left on food
44-0036 NITROSAMINES, reaction product from N-nitrosation of atrazine is stable In water but
is decomposed by light
44-0036 NITROSAMINES, reaction product from N-nitrosation of atrazine might form in soil and be
leached into ground waters
44-0037 NITROSAMINES, reactions with organo-metallic reagents
51-0027 NITROSAMINES, review of the literature
50-0012 NITROSAMINES, solubility characteristics and carcinogenicity
49-0033 NITROSAMINES, studies on carcinogenic effects of nitrites and amines in rats
33-0032 NITROSAMINES, toxic constituents of animals foodstuffs
35-0036 N-NITROSAMINES, potential carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens
52-0039 N-NITROSAMINES, survey of food products
35-0043 NITROSO COMPOUNDS, carcinogenicity and public health aspects
27-0032 N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS, carcinogenicity
49-0036 N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS, detection in ambient air
44-0035 N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS, presence in the environment
27-0032 N-NITROSOCARBARYL, carcinogenicity in rats
41-0034 N-NITROSOCHLORDIAZEPOXID, mutagenic effects of this N-nitrosamine derivative of the tranqullizer
chlordiazepoxld
48-0036 N-NITROSODIETHANOLAMINE, formation from a grinding fluid under simulated gastric conditions
52-0037 N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE, in air
49-0035 N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE, photolytic degradation
46-0045 N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE, short half-life in direct sunlight Indicates that this carcinogen
formed from emissions of dlmethylamlne during night operations will
quickly disappear from air
35-0036 N-NITROSO-4-HYDROXYPROLINE, pulse polarographic analysis
40-0028 N-NITROSOMETHYLUKEA, effect on organ cultures of human embryonic lung and kidney tissues
42-0028 N-NITROSO-N-METHYLUREA (ETHYL METHANESULFONATE) , mutagen testing
35-0043 NITROSO-METHYLURETHANE, potential carcinogen
42-0029 N-NITROSOMDRPHOLINE, inducer of liver and lung tumors
35-0042 N-NITRQSOMORPHOLINE, inducer of mouse lung adenomas
47-0029 NITROSOPIPERIDINE, biological activity of principal product from reaction in the Udenfrlend
sys tern
47-0029 NITROSOPIPERIDINE, mutagenic studies
35-0043 NITROSOPIPERIDINE, presence in extract from dried tobacco leaves
35-0036 N-NITROSOPROLINE, pulse polarographic analysis
41-0028 NITROSOPYRROLIDINE, cause of liver and testlcular tumors in rats
52-0038 N-NITROSOPYRROLIDINE, in cooked pork
43-0034 NITROSOPYRROLIDINE, inhibition of Its formation in fried bacon by propyl gallate and ascorbyl
palmitate
35-0036 N-NITROSOPYRROLIDINE, pulse polarographic analysis
49-0031 NITROSOSARCOSINE, effect on dimethyInitrosamine metabolism and toxlcity
30-0019 NITROUS OXIDE, potential danger to stratosphere via formation from nitrogen-based fertilizers
40-0009 NITROUS OXIDE, stratospheric concentrations
47-0035 OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS, pending legislation requiring involvement of Secretary of Labor in
alerting employees
47-0046 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, wide use of trade names for chemical products hinders control of
occupational hazards
47-0042 OCEAN DUMPING, panel of National Academy of Engineering criticizes EPA's current regulations
governing municipal waste disposal
38-0050 OCEAN DUMPING, report to Congress on Federally sponsored research on effects of ocean disposal
30-0006 OCTABROMOBIPHENYL, ultrastructural changes in rat liver
52-0029 OIL SHALE, analysis of geological forces and stresses acting on deep shales
52-0030 OIL SHALE, ERDA producing 100 bbl of oil at Rock Springs, Wyoming In situ test well extracted
from shale
52-0029 OIL SHALE, geologic and environmental Information on deposits in Western Colorado will be
gathered for Bureau of Mines
38-0026 OIL SHALE, Utah permits Oil Shale Corp. (Tosco) to unitlze 29 separate state oil shale
leases that may lead to 75,000 bbl/day plant
28-0014 OIL SHALE LIQUEFACTION, pros and cons of processes under development
47-0022 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, new liquid Oreo Synthrowite PDA from Organic Chem. Corp. in Rhode Island
is designed primarily for polyester fibers
33-0019 OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS, structure and Industrual applications
46-0001 ORGANO-ISOCYANATES, among 23 chemicals for which NIOSH may develop recommended standards for
occupational exposure to by 1980
38-0008 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS, toxlcity to goldfish
40-0028 ORTHOAMINOAZOTOLUENE, effect on organ cultures of human embryonic lung and kidney tissues
28-0024 OSHA, health standards expected to have smoother road now
27-0031 OXIDATION HAIR DYES, apparently non-toxic and non-carcinogenic in mice skin tests
27-0039 OXONIUM SALTS, new thermally-stable solids synthesized from antimony pentafluoride and hydrogen
fluoride
38-0009 OZONE, depletion over the North Pole following a 1972 solar proton event seen as confirmation
of ozone depletion theory
38-0011 OZONE, measurement techniques to help understand behavior of propellents in the atmosphere
-21-
-------
Ref. No.
38-0010
47-0012
45-0018
28-0011
OZONE, possible existence of a tropospheric sink may change predicted effects of chlorofluorocarbons
in stratosphere
OZONE DEPLETION, NAS report on effects of fluorocarbona delayed
OZONE DEPLETION, overestimation of effect of fluorocarbons on
OZONE THEORY, natural sources of stratospheric chlorine and reformation of ozone by action of
sunshine on oxygen are among reasons for questioning
33-0035 PAINTS, erosion effects of gaseous pollutants
29-0002 PAINTS, potential carcinogens for shipyard workers
36-0022 PALATINOL DIOCTYL PHTHALATE, BASF Wyandotte increases price of
47-0020 PARATHION, degradation in seawater
47-0020 PARATHION, environmental stability of degradation products of
33-0037 PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, possible presence in gaseous effluents from sewage treatment plants
43-0016 PENTACHLOROBENZENE, effects on fetal development in mice and rats
29-0022 PENTACHLOROPHENOL, detected in human urine and seminal fluid
29-0022 PENTACHLOROPHENOL, potential genetic and carcinogenic hazard
31-0010 PENTAMETHYLPHOSPHOROTRIAMIDE, new flame retardant for cottons
37-0043 PERACETIC ACID, potential tumor promoter and skin carcinogen
37-0014 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, analysis in atmosphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
33-0021 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, analysis in drinking water
33-0020 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, chemical and biological reactivity in rats in relation to acute liver toxic!ty
37-0016 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, concentrations in atmosphere
35-0018 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, description of PPG Industries' oxychlorination/oxyhydrochlorination process .
for manufacture of
45-0025 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, effect on embryonal and fetal development in rats and mice
31-0024 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, Ethyl will continue to produce and market even after discontinuing
1,1,1-trichloroethane production
45-0024 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, hazards from welding in air contaminated with
41-0001 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, imports in 1975 reached about 37.5 million Ib or 58.7% more than in 1974
27-0010 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, increase in production may be way for carbon tetrachloride producers to
combat cut in demands if fluorocarbon ban goes into effect
35-0019 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, mutagenicity
46-0031 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, OSHA may reconsider standards for
29-0013 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, persistence in natural water bodies
44-0024 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, photodecomposition rates under simulated atmospheric conditions
38-0037 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, photooxidation reactivity and products
48-0026 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, possible source of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride
27-0020 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, presence in drinking water
35-0034 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, price to go up lc/lb
37-0001 PERCHLOROETHYLENE, production rise anticipated in 1976
43-0037 PERFLUIDONE, new cotton weed herbicide from 3M
28-0026 PESTICIDE, Kepone manufacturer fined by OSHA for violations of safety measures
28-0026 PESTICIDE, wastes from factory show excessive concentrations of Kepone, a chlorinated ketone
pesticide
48-0025 PESTICIDES, bioconcentration by algae
35-0005 PESTICIDES, EPA's "nine principles" of carcinogenicity receive support from NAS
43-0014 PESTICIDES, mortality survey
37-0044 PESTICIDES, organochlorine residues in eggs of peregrine falcons cuts their reproductive rate
33-0039 PESTICIDES, teratogenicity of organophosphorus and methyl carbamate types
37-0024 PESTICIDES, transport mechanisms and biological effects
31-0002 PESTICIDES, transport through soil
38-0049 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON TOXICITY, animal and human responses to vapors
38-0051 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, fate in marine zooplankton
51-0014 PHENYLHYDRAZINE, induction and study of accessory spleens in rabbits
41-0016 PHENYLHYDRAZINE, mechanism of oxidation
41-0016 PHENYLHYDRAZINES, intermediates and products of its oxidation may be responsible for its biological
effects
29-0003 PHENYL PHENOL, potential bladder carcinogen
45-0024 PHOSGENE, formation by welding in air contaminated with perchloroethylene
32-0031 PHOSGENE, potential toxic chemical in rubber industry
31-0010 PHOSPHORAMIDE DERIVATIVES, flame retardants for cottons
46-0050 PHOSPHORUS, toxicity to codfish
35-0020 PHTHALATE ESTER, minute amounts detected in water samples from Gulf of Mexico
38-0022 PHTHALATE ESTERS, detection of trace quantities in environmental samples
46-0032 PHTHALATES, acute and chronic toxicities of
33-0022 PHTHALATES, detection in air
33-0023 PHTHALATES, detection in open-ocean biota samples
36-0021 PHTHALATES, FMC increases price of
37-0026 PHTHALATES, occurrence in water and organisms
29-0004 PHTHALATES, sudden peak in production typifies difficulty in predicting production increases
or new uses for estimating environmental impact of chemicals
38-0046 PHYTOPLANKTON, effects of industrial pollution in the North Sea
38-0024 PLASTICS, market review
44-0041 PLASTICS, photodegradable trash bags now on market
27-0038 PLUTONIUM-239, cytogenetic effects in mice
28-0027 PLUTONIUM-239, maximum permissible body burden
33-0040 PLUTONIUM OXIDE, air shipments banned
37-0024 POLLUTANTS, human mutagenlc, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects
39-0035 POLLUTANTS, transport of ozone over 200-mile distance
27-0035 POLYBENZIMIDAZOLES, properties and potential applications
30-0007 POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, detection of residues In dairy products
30-0008 POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, effects on liver of Japanese quail
44-0011 POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, retention and excretion by hens
-22-
-------
Ref. No.
30-0008 POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, tissue distribution in Japanese quail
41-0010 POLYBROMOBIPHENYLS, environmental chemistry of flame retardants
44-0025 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, adsorption from aqueous solutions and raw sewage by various
adsorbents
41-0037 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, Canadian researchers find new bacteria strain that breaks down PCB's
in waste water
39-0031 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, continued contamination of fish and wildlife spurs Monsanto to drop
production of PCB's
35-0049 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, Dow Chemical and McGraw Edison announce development of a butylated
monochlorodlphenyl oxide as safe PCS substitute
29-0021 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, excessively high levels in Lake Michigan fish adds to current hazard
concern
28-0025 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, HEW and other groups urge EPA to void GE's discharge permit
28-0025 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, potential genetic hazard in monkeys
28-0025 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, potential liver carcinogen in rats
29-0024 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, presence In Virginia watershed indicative of their spread and
persistence in water
40-0038 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, toxic and genetic effects argue for discontinuing their use and
possible alternatives are being suggested
40-0034 POLYELECTROLYTES, acute toxicity to marine animals
39-0008 POLYETHYLENEIMINE POLYMERS, properties, reactions, uses and toxicity
49-0007 POLYMERIC BINDERS, precaution advised for their use in polyurethane paints and vinyl chloride
paints
36-0024 POLYURETHANE, advances in technology
39-0020 POLYURETHANE, degradation mechanisms
40-0016 POLYURETHANE, employees exposed to potentially toxic toluene 2,4-dlisocyanate
38-0023 POLYURETHANE, expansion of Firestone Tire & Rubber's Milan, Texas, foam rubber plant will
raise capacity 25% by mid-1977
39-0020 POLYURETHANE, mechanism of HCN evolution
44-0023 POLYURETHANE, potential health hazard in PVC extruded hose manufacture
40-0018 POLYURETHANE, prepolymerized single-component formulation available In an aerosol can
34-0006 POLYURETHANE CHEMICALS, market gains strength
36-0023 POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS, hydrolytic stability of
43-0002 POLYURETHANE FOAM, Firestone expects to complete 25% expansion of Its Milan, Tenn. plant by
mid-1977
27-0021 POLYURETHANE FOAM, Increasing packaging market anticipated
27-0021 POLYURETHANE FOAM, reduced toxicity due to switch from TDI (toluene-based) chemistry to MDI
(methylene-based) chemistry
44-0025 POLYURETHANE FOAMS, effective adsorbents for PCB's from aqueous solutions
42-0019 POLYURETHANE LATICES, possible means of meeting air pollution regulations for solvent based
fabric coatings
49-0007 POLYURETHANE PAINTS, potential health hazards
44-0027 POLYURETHANES, basis of new thermoplastlc-thermosettlng polymers for use as adhesives and
polymer reinforcing materials
35-0021 POLYURETHANES, combination of polyurethane and steel reinforcing wire gives abrasion-resistant
screens for classifying ores, stone, chemicals, and other materials
41-0018 POLYURETHANES, consumption drop in 1975 was slight compared to other plastics and solid growth
is expected into 1980'a
38-0024 POLYURETHANES, consumption dropped about 20X in 1975
31-0027 POLYURETHANES, degradation
51-0017 POLYURETHANES, Increased production
34-0008 POLYURETHANES, market growth predicted
43-0026 POLYURETHANES, new one-component system Hypol FHP foam from W.R. Grace seen as competive
packaging material
51-0018 POLYURETHANES, producers fund graduate school course
29-0014 POLYURETHANES, strong market demand foreseen for all foam types to 1980
49-0022 POLYURETHANES, urethane foam enjoying market comeback
49-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, advent of dark colors and coextruslon foreshadow a growing market for
house siding
40-0026 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, B.F. Goodrich research program yields PVC virtually free of entrapped
VCM
38-0003 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, bibliography of industrial health hazards due to atmospheric factors
38-0024 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, consumption dropped about 20* in 1975
48-0032 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, decision expected soon from Texas Air Control Board re: expansion of
Tenneco Chemicals' PVC plant in Pasadena, Texas
27-0025 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, drop in demand predicted for 1975 should turn around in 1976 but still
fall short of 1974 level
44-0025 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, effective adsorbent for PCB'a from raw sewage
36-0027 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, EPA assessment of environmental problems
32-0025 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, explosive potential of powders
41-0001 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, exports in 1975 were 175.7 million Ib or 44.6* less than in 1974
27-0026 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, FDA to ban some uses of PVC In food packaging
41-0025 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Goodyear'8 plans to expand dispersion resins capacity at Niagara Falls
will restore over 50% of capacity lost after shut down last year
31-0029 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Government safety and pollution standards force Unlroyal Chemical to
stop production
42-0023 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, haemolytic activity of certain PVC particles traced to Ionic detergent
used In preparation of PVC paste or emulsion polymers
46-0039 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Incidence of disease In workers exposed to
39-0024 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, industry is prepared to accept EPA standards for regulating air emissions
from PVC plants
35-0029 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, manufacturers are working to reduce VC emissions before 1 April deadline
of OSHA standards
35-0030 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, new 50-million-lb/yr Perryvilla, Md. plant makes Firestone Plastics Co.
largest U.S. producer of PVC dispersion resins
38-0031 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, new permanent plasticlzer resins under development by Du Font
-23-
-------
Ref. No.
37-0031 POLYV1NYL CHLORIDE, not seen as health hazard in mortality study of Welsh workers
29-0017 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, possible ban by FDA of use in food packages will not seriously affect
market
38-0035 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, possible effects of changing Economics of ethylene production
40-0022 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, potential carcinogenic hazard in blending room areas of PVC pipe manufacturing
plant
48-0033 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, price increase for resins and compounds announced by Diamond Shamrock
35-0034 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, price increased to 24C and 25e/lb
37-0001 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, production rise anticipated in 1976
45-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, respiratory illness from exposure to pyrolysis products of
45-0027 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, respiratory tract problems in workers exposed to pyrolysis products of
46-0043 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, sales through 1980
31-0028 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, substitute materials may claim 40% of PVC packaging materials market
41-0026 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. announces that it now can remove over 98% of
previously contained residual VC from its resins
36-0030 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. to expand its Pasadena, Texas plant
43-0033 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, thermal degradation behavior with polystyrene
46-0037 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, toxicity in fires
46-0033 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, toxicology of PVC devices used in contact with blood
39-0019 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, toxicology of plastic devices in contact with blood
28-0020 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE DUST, biological reactivity
28-0021 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESINS, new stripping process reduces vinyl chloride content
38-0030 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE SHINGLES, use as roof sheathing for solar-heated home hot water supply
31-0006 PROPIOLACTONE, environmental fate
41-0022 B-PROPIOLACTONE, mutagenic effects on Micrococcus radiodurans and E. coli B/r
38-0007 B-PROPIOLACTONE, mutagenic potency
46-0004 PROPYLENE, production in 1976 may rise to almost 10 billion Ib but price is expected to remain
firm at about 8.5c/lb
34-0014 PROPYLENE OXIDE, potential mutagen
38-0008 PROVATEX CP, toxicity to goldfish
39-0041 RED DYE NO. 2, FDA finally bans its use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics
38-0044 RED DYE NO. 2, FDA studies indicating cancer in female rats fed heavy dosages
42-0032 RED DYE NO. 40, potential lymph gland carcinogen
44-0040 RUBBER CHEMICALS, potential cause of leukemia
44-0039 RUBBER SOLVENTS, potential cause of leukemia
33-0037 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS, potential health hazards of air pollutants from
27-0022 SHALE, potential source of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate
46-0028 SHALE CONVERSION, higher natural gas prices plus better availability of coal and increasing
use of oil and gas for petrochemicals spur research and development
46-0036 SHALE OIL, analysis of environmental problems associated with development of
33-0025 SHALE OIL, arsenic removal process
46-0035 SHALE OIL, development faces funding problems and objections of environmentalists
28-0014 SHALE OIL, disposal of spent shale is problem of liquefaction
41-0019 SHALE OIL, ERDA reports oil shale is still part of its synthetic fuels commercialization
program
50-0022 SHALE OIL, funds for technology research on in situ recovery
28-0018 SHALE OIL, metallic contaminants and other Impurities necessitate pretreatment of raw shale
oil before refining
52-0030 SHALE OIL, more advanced fracturing process for shale and new methods of igniting oil shale
used to produce 100 bbl of oil
35-0025 SHALE OIL, proposed 4,000 ton/day plant to be built by American Lurgi Corp. and Dravo Corp.
will have low NO and S02 emissions
46-0035 SHALE OIL, Shell's development plan
27-0022 SHALE OIL, solution method of extraction could prevent some ecological problems
39-0023 SHALE OIL, Soviet processes offered for U.S. licensing
38-0016 SHALE OIL EXTRACTION, technology and environmental effects
43-0029 SHALE OIL INDUSTRY, financial and technical status of U.S. ventures
48-0019 SHALE OIL RECOVERY, potential wastewater pollutants
39-0022 SHALE TARS, toxicological effects on guinea pigs
46-0048 SILICOSIS, state-of-the art review on
49-0039 SODA ASH, closing of Diamond Shamrock's synthetic soda and plant in Ohio reduces current U.S.
capacity to 1.97 million tons/yr
27-0029 SODIUM BICHROMATE, suspect lung carcinogen in Japanese industry
34-0011 SODIUM LIGHTS, effect on tree and leaf growth
38-0045 SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS, heating and cooling for buildings
39-0032 SOLAR POWER STATIONS, proposed new source of electrical energy
29-0002 SOLVENTS, potential carcinogens for shipyard workers
38-0049 SOLVENTS, suggested hygienic standards for 60 solvent, 70 solvent and 104° Flash Aliphatic
solvent
38-0049 SOLVENTS, toxicity studies of 60 solvent, 70 solvent and 104° flash aliphatic solvent
46-0053 SPRAY ADHESIVES, consequences of premature allegations of teratogenicity and mutagenicity
29-0027 STEEL WORKERS, mortality patterns of Pennsylvania workers
40-0035 STYRENE, potential carcinogenic hazards of inhaled vapor
45-0035 STYRENE, potential link to leukemia
44-0040 STYRENE-BUTADIENE, synthetic rubber production as potential cause of leukemia
40-0035 STYRENE OXIDE, metabolic derivative of styrene is shown to be mutagenic for Salmonella
tYphimurium
27-0019 SUBSTITUTED-STILBENE FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity on
mouse skin
27-0016 SULFOSATED STILBENE FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS, accumulation in fish
41-0014 SULFONYL HYDRAZIDES, chemistry and decomposition products of some commercial blowing agents
-24-
-------
Ref. No.
50-0027 SYM-TETRACHLOROETHANE, most toxic of all common chlorinated hydrocarbons
41-0035 SYNTHETIC FUELS, biomass conversion reported to be technically feasible, almost economically
competitive and environmentally attractive
41-0019 SYNTHETIC FUELS, ERDA anticipates passage soon by Congress of loan guarantee bill that will
permit ERDA to launch commercialization program
35-0044 SYNTHETIC SMOG, carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic effects of inhalation on Syrian hamsters
28-0016 TEREPHTHALIC ACID, its absorption, distribution and excretion in rabbits and rats
28-0016 TEREPHTHALIC ACID, potential health hazards
28-0022 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN (TCDD), potential health hazard
28-0022 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN (TCDD), wastes contaminant causes epidemic
49-0037 l,2,3,4-TETRACHLORO-5,5-DIMETHOXYCYCLOPENTADIENE, recent tests with rats and rabbits show this
chemical to be very toxic by several routes
of administration
43-0025 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE, breath decay curves for monitoring time-weighted average exposures
35-0019 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE, mutagenicity
36-0006 TETRAKIS (HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE (THPC)-DERIVED FINISH, flame retardant developed
Jointly by UM&M and Cotton
Inc.
38-0008 TETRAKIS (HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM HYDROXIDE, toxicity to goldfish
42-0014 TETRAMETHYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE, tumor inducer in mice
34-0016 THALLIUM, tendency to settle into stream sediment and not move up through food chain
38-0045 THERMAL ENERGY, use in buildings from solar collections
49-0040 THERMAL POLLUTION CONTROL, potential hazard to aquatic life from chloramines
38-0008 THPOH, toxicity to goldfish
44-0039 TIRE-CURING FUMES, possible cause of lung cancer
47-0045 TITANIUM DIOXIDE, beneficiated-ilmenite process recycles HC1 leach liquor
41-0001 TITANIUM DIOXIDE, imports in 1975 of about 53 million Ib were 24.3Z less than In 1974
39-0034 TNT, adequacy of the 1.5 mg/m3 threshold limit value is questioned on basis of biological
effects of exposure at lower level
42-0033 TOLUENE, long-term inhalation studies on rats to be conducted
43-0002 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, Dow Chemical's new Freeport, Texas plant nears completion
41-0018 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, Dow will enter field in 1976 and current producers are expanding capacities
30-0022 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, emissions from polyurethane resin manufacturing
33-0014 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, industry plans price Increases
49-0022 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, possible price increase may follow rising urethane foam market
49-0007 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, potential health hazard in polyurethane paints
44-0023 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, potential health hazard in PVC extruded hose manufacture
48-0018 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, price hike by five manufactures
27-0011 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, price increase
42-0015 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, price increase announced by Olin
32-0012 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, representative of dllsocyanates used in new Dow rigid urethane engineering
plastic, Instant Set Polymer
27-0021 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE, trend towards MDI (methylene-based) chemistry Instead of TDI reduces
toxicity potential in polyurethane field
44-0022 TOLUENE 2,4-DIISOCYANATE, potential health hazard to workers in company producing urethane
tracks for snowmobiles
40-0016 TOLUENE 2,4-DIISOCYANATE, potential toxic to workers in polyurethane foam molding department
31-0036 TOXAPHENE, air transport
47-0034 TOXIC CHEMICALS, environmentalists and chemical Industry reaching agreement on regulatory
legislation for
46-0051 TOXIC WASTES, disposal of
45-0039 TOXIC WASTES, potential hazards from disposal of
42-0001 TOXICITY TESTING, advances in testing the toxicity of substances to fish
51-0029 TOXICOLOGY, U.S. chemical companies extend facilities and laboratories to test potential effects
of their products
43-0022 TRACE CONTAMINANTS ABSTRACTS, published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory
47-0037 TRACE ELEMENTS, effects on man and the environment
35-0048 TRACE METALS, Imbalance among mercury, selenuim and bromine may be cause of premature pupping
In sea lions
43-0040 TRACE METALS, potential health hazards in air
46-0052 TRACE METALS, potential Influence on heart disease and cancer
28-0028 TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER, concentration of by reverse osmosis
33-0036 TRANSITION METALS, bioaccumulatlon
33-0036 TRANSITION METALS, biochemical activities
36-0007 TRIBROMOMETHANE (BROMOFORM), National Organlcs Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
38-0052 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, hepatic lesions in mice after continuous exposure to
41-0038 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, inhalation cited as cause of brain and central nervous system damage in
law suit
37-0014 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, analysis in atmosphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
51-0019 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, ban by FDA for use in coffee
33-0020 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, chemical and biological reactivity in rats in relation to acute liver
toxicity
42-0021 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, chemically Induced potentlation of its hepatotoxicity and metabolism
52-0028 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, covalent interaction of metabolites in rat hepatic mlcrosomes
35-0018 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, description of PPG Industries' oxychlorlnatlon/oxyhydrochlorlnation process
for manufacture of
45-0025 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, effect on embryonal and fetal development in rats and mice
31-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, Ethyl will continue to produce and market even after discontinuing production
of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
43-0028 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, final results of NCI testing show development of liver cancers in mice
45-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, hazards from welding In air contaminated with
51-0021 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, hazards of substitute chemicals for decaffeinated coffee
38-0025 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, health survey indicates its nontoxicity in letterpress room of printing
company
-25-
-------
Ref. No.
33-0030 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, hepatotoxicity in rats
50-0021 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, Induces hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
41-0023 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, long-term Inhalation effects on mice and rats to be studied
28-0017 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, long-term inhalation effects to be studied
45-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, measurement of metabolites in blood and urine following exposure to
33-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, new proposed OSHA standards follow NIOSH and NCI alert of potential
carcinogenicity
36-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, occupational health aspects to be studied
50-0004 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, OSHA standards delayed
36-0025 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, OSHA's proposed health standard for
29-0013 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, persistence in natural water bodies
44-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, photodecompositlon rates under simulated atmospheric conditions
38-0037 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, photooxidation reactivity and products
48-0026 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, possible source of atmospheric chloroform
32-0018 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential carcinogenicity prompts OSHA's proposed new occupational standard
44-0023 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential health hazard in PVC extruded hose manufacture
37-0028 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, potential health hazards under study
27-0020 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, presence in drinking water
50-0020 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, price rise of 1? as of July 1, 1976
35-0034 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, price to go up le/lb
51-0020 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, production increased
39-0021 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, survey indicates nontoxic hazard currently in coil manufacturing plant
33-0024 TRICHLOROETHYLENE, toxic effects on animals and humans
42-0010 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, adsorption on activated carbon
37-0016 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, concentrations in atmosphere measured by infrared
51-0009 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, effect on animals
36-0008 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in
donkeys
40-0008 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, estimated stratospheric concentration of gaseous chlorine compounds
40-0009 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, stratospheric concentrations
40-0011 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, stratospheric profile
31-0012 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE, ultraviolet photoabsorption
45-0017 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (F-ll), effect in preexisting heart disease
46-0017 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (FC-11), world production from start of commercial manufacture through
1975 set at 7,562 million Ib
36-0007 TRICHLOROMETHANE (CHLOROFORM), National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
30-0016 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, interactions with human and bovine globulins
30-0015 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, solubility in blood and plasma of different species
42-0009 TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, solubility in dog blood and tissue homogenates
49-0006 TRl-o-CRESYL PHOSPHATE, biochemical mechanisms in delayed neurotoxlcity
•47-0007 TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, potential toxicity has practically eliminated its use in paints
43-0037 l,l,l-TRIFLUORO-N-I2-METHYL-4-(PHENYLSULFONYL)PHENYL]-METHANESULFONAMIDE, new cotton weed
herbicide from 3M
36-0007 TRIHALOMETHANES, National Organics Reconnaissance Survey for halogenated organics
42-0014 TRIMETHYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE, tumor inducer in mice
45-0007 TRIMETHYLPHOSPHATE, sterility induced by exposure to
35-0009 TRIMETHYLPHOSPHITB, Mobil Chemical's new Charleston, S.C. plant should be onstream in 1977
35-0014 TRIS-1,2,3-(CHLOROMETHOXY)PROPANE, carcinogenicity in mice
45-0008 TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE, flame retardant may be carcinogenic
43-0009 TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPRQPYL)PHOSPHATE, human contact sensitization
38-0008 TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE, toxicity to goldfish
44-0021 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, acute and chronic toxicity experiments
36-0014 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, FMC plant to shut down due to detection of dimethylnitrosamine,
a toxic intermediate of the process
35-0037 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, production from dinethylnitrosamlne (DMN) yields emission
of potentially carcinogenic DMN in Baltimore air
36-0013 UNSYMMETRICAL DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, production threatened due to emission of dimethvlnitrosamine
(DMNA)
47-0048 URANIUM MILL WASTES, potential lung cancer hazard for the general public
37-0037 URETHAN, Inactive carcinogenic and mutagenic agent in hamsters
43-0027 URETHAN, mammary carcinogen in mice and rats
43-0027 URETHAN, model presents sequence of events in mouse mammary tumorigenesis
44-0026 URETHANE, effect on sperm abnormalities in mice
37-0027 URETHANE, foam chips useful for oil-spill cleanups
35-0023 URETHANE, genetic malformations in mouse limbs
44-0026 URETHANE, market demand in 1976 expected to rise 15% over the 1.41 billion Ibs in 1975
35-0022 URETHANE, teratogenesis and carcinogenesis in mice
50-0019 URETHANE, tumor susceptibility in various organs of mice
35-0024 URETHANE, ultrastructure of thymomas in rats
32-0017 URETHANE-COATED FABRICS, advantages over vinyl fabrics
42-0020 URETHANE COATINGS, flame retardant types for tenting materials
44-0022 URETHANE TRACKS, potential health hazard noted in factory producing tracks for snowmobiles
47-0025 URETHANES, new 25,000 sq ft manufacturing plant in Arlington, Texas is announced by M-R
Plastics & Coatings, Inc. (St. Louis)
32-0013 URETHANES, significant Increase in worldwide consumption predicted over next decade
30-0010 UV STABILIZERS, market potential In plastics
33-0036 VANADIUM, bioaccumulatlon in marine species
35-0032 VINYL CHLORIDE, absorption spectra of metabolites
30-0040 VINYL CHLORIDE, activated carbon personnel monitoring system
34-0009 VINYL CHLORIDE, Allied Chemicas's Baton Rouge plant with annual capacity of 300 million Ib may
be purchased by Roblntech Inc.
37-0033 VINYL CHLORIDE, analysis by gas-liquid chromatography in PVC, food solvents, etc.
-26-
-------
Ref. No.
44-0030
48-0028
35-0005
32-0022
32-0020
35-0035
40-0026
46-0044
35-0018
36-0001
43-0032
43-0030
44-0029
38-0027
31-0009
33-0028
43-0015
51-0022
36-0028
32-0021
42-0025
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
27-0027 VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
34-0009 VINYL CHLORIDE,
49-0029
44-0031
47-0026
40-0020
32-0022
46-0042
30-0041
36-0027
36-0031
52-0035
44-0028
32-0025
41-0001
49-0024
52-0036
46-0038
45-0029
49-0030
36-0029
33-0030
35-0005
37-0029
52-0034
39-0024
51-0024
51-0024
34-0007
43-0032
33-0029
36-0010
41-0024
29-0019
38-0007
35-0019
35-0032
31-0031
52-0035
41-0027
43-0002
30-0035
32-0024
32-0019
40-0022
37-0031
35-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE!
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE,
VINYL CHLORIDE, :
VINYL CHLORIDE,
analysis in air via microwave-induced discharges
angiosarcoma found in worker exposed for the short time of 3.5 years
animal studies useful in predicting human carcinogenic effects
assessment of emissions control techniques and cost
association of exposures with morbidity symptoms of polymerization workers
B.F. Goodrich anticipates Industry capacity to grow by 40% by 1980
B.F. Goodrich research program has resulted in low levels of VCM in operations
bibliography on toxlcity of
by-product streams from VC plants can be used as feedstock in PPG Industries
oxychlorination/oxyhydrochlorination process for manufacture of perchloroethylene-
trichloroethylene
carcinogenic to man
chloroacetaldehyde suggested as carcinogenic metabolite
community-based study in Charleston, V.Virginia planned to determine potential
for causing birth defects
computer model studies risk
concentration in cigarette smoke corresponds to about 30 ppb
contributor to effective flame retardant for polyester/cotton blends
death from liver cancer of Japanese VC worker prompts Japanese national
safety standard
delay by FDA in setting migration levels for VC in food packaging materials
attributed to need to study reported findings of ingested VC-caused cancer
in rats
detection in air
determination of ambient air levels due to presence of polyvlnyl chloride
products
determination with charcoal tubes of airborne
Diamond Shamrock may build monomer production plant
Dow research indicates that body's glutathlone may handle a certain amount
of monomer without toxlcological effect
Dow's Freeport, Texas plant to be expanded by SOX increase to produce 330 million
Ib/yr
dynamic behavior in aquatic ecosystems
dynamic behavior In aqueous ecosystems
effects of liver extracts and free radicals on enhancement of the mutagenic
effects of
elimination of acetaldehyde Interference in gas chromatographic analysis
emission points identified and quantified for four types of monomer production
plants
emission standard for
EPA and HEW standards aimed at protecting people living near plants
EPA assessment of environmental problems
EPA proposed standards
epidemiological review and evaluation of neoplastic effects in workers
estimates of number of people living near VC and VC resin plants
explosive potential in storage and in mixing operations
exports in 1975 were about 414.6 million Ib or 0.5X more than in 1974
fate in rats following ingestion appears to be dose-dependent
gas-chromatographlc determination in workplace air samples collected on
charcoal
genetic effects induced by
genetic effects of
genetic risks of
Goodrich meets safety rules
hepatotoxicity in rats
human and animal carcinogen
if EPA's proposed air emission standards are adopted four small PVC plants may
have to close
Inadequacy of protection for industrial exposure
industry is prepared to accept EPA standards for regulating air emissions from
VC olants
induction of metabolism of
inhibition of metabolsim of
industry moved quickly to prevent future carcinogenic hazards
liver cancer in Yugoslavian PVC workers
market should remain strong despite adverse publicity and competitive materials
monitoring with a portable mass spectrometer
mutagenic and carcinogenic effects reviewed
mutagenic effects
mutagenic potency
mutageniclty
mutagenlclty and carcinogenicity research study
mutagenlcity of a possible metabolite
neoplastic risk among workers exposed to
new air emission standards proposed by EPA will cost 20 PVC producers $183 million
new plants under construction by Diamond Shamrock and Dow Chemical
new polyester food packaging material will compete with rigid PVC blister
packaging
nine angiosarcoma deaths reported in one Canadian PVC plant
no evidence of cocarcinogenic effect of this monomer found in mice Implant
studies
not currently a health hazard in PVC pipe manufacturing plant
not seen as health hazard in mortality study of Welsh workers
Olln Corp. plans new chlor-alkali unit for 1978 to meet anticipated chlorine
demand based on optimistic predictions for improving VC market
-27-
-------
Ref. No.
52-0033
28-0024
37-0032
37-0032
42-0024
49-0026
38-0029
30-0037
40-0019
32-0023
44-0024
38-0037
37-0030
29-0018
40-0021
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
-VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
38-0027 VINYL
40-0021
49-0007
44-0023
49-0002
33-0027
40-0023
40-0024
42-0005
48-0033
30-0036
48-0002
46-0003
46-0040
46-0041
49-0025
40-0025
48-0031
32-0026
49-0023
42-0003
48-0029
28-0019
48-0030
•52-0032
34-0009
52-0031
37-0034
52-0036
39-0025
44-0032
49-0027
37-0029
49-0023
33-0026
51-0023
43-0032
42-0022
43-0031
38-0034
34-0010
44-0034
44-0033
51-0023
31-0032
48-0027
35-0035
35-0026
35-0028
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL
VINYL-
VINYL
VINYL
CHLORIDE, oneogenic and mutagenic risks in communities with PVC production facilities
CHLORIDE, one of 13 carcinogens for which OSHA has published health standards
CHLORIDE, oral dose not yet linked to angiosarcoma
CHLORIDE, overview of TOA studies re: carcinogenicity
CHLORIDE, overview on worker protection
CHLORIDE, patents disclose means of removing residual monomer from PVC resins
CHLORIDE, percutaneous absorption
CHLORIDE, personnel protection methods
CHLORIDE, pharmacodynamics and uptake by rats
CHLORIDE, photochemical reactivity
CHLORIDE, photodecompositlon rates under simulated atmospheric conditions
CHLORIDE, photooxidation reactivity and products
CHLORIDE, possible cause o£ congenital malformations
CHLORIDE, potential cause of heart and cardiovascular diseases
CHLORIDE, potential cause of miscarriages or stillbirths In spouses of men exposed to
VCM at work
CHLORIDE, potential emission from burning of plants and other organic materials containing
chlorine
CHLORIDE, potential hazard to sperm cells of men exposed to it at work
CHLORIDE, potential health hazard in paints
CHLORIDE, potential health hazard in PVC extruded hose manufacture
CHLORIDE, potential health hazards when used as a polymer raw material
CHLORIDE, potential teratogen
CHLORIDE, potentially hazardous levels in plant manufacturing PVC backed material
CHLORIDE, potentially toxic levels in a forge manufacturing hand tools
CHLORIDE, presence in Kentucky school laboratories indicates need for schools to
enforce safety standards for exposure
CHLORIDE, price increase announced by Conoco
CHLORIDE, process for removing VCM from polymer resin
CHLORIDE, production drop in 1975
CHLORIDE, production in 1975 dropped to 4.20 billion Ib compared to 5.62 billion Ib
in 1974
CHLORIDE, production of ethylene in 1976 may top previous high of 1974
CHLORIDE, proposed standard to reduce allowable emissions of
CHLORIDE, recommended procedures for disposal of aerosol cans
CHLORIDE, recommended standard for occupational exposure to
CHLORIDE, review of carcinogenic potential
CHLORIDE, review of known toxic, biological and carcinogenic effects raises question
of yet unknown hazards
CHLORIDE, review of monomer health problem
CHLORIDE, review of recent court cases indicates court's view of importance of reciprocal
relationship between risk and harm in judging toxlcity
CHLORIDE, review of use in production of PVC, animal studies, and human health effects
CHLORIDE, rise in production stimulates ethylene production
CHLORIDE, risk to consumers and PVC workers from
CHLORIDE, Robintech Inc. expected to buy Allied Chemical's VCM plant near Baton Rouge,
Louisiana
CHLORIDE, Robintech Inc. seeks additional capacity by buying existing plant
CHLORIDE, Robintech's new process of "m-kettle compounding" during polymerization
results in a more porous polymer in about 20% less time
CHLORIDE, Russians expanding monomer capacity
CHLORIDE, sampling and analysis in workplace air
CHLORIDE, sampling and analysis techniques
CHLORIDE, scientific and technical assessment of health hazards and environmental
factors
CHLORIDE, skin disease changes in exposed workers may give early warning of VC disease
and offer model for studying scleroderma
CHLORIDE, SPI questions necessity of EPA's proposal to classify VC as hazardous air
pollutant
CHLORIDE, steps taken in the UK to contain monomer health problem
CHLORIDE, structure and mechanism of thermal degradation of some condensation polymers
CHLORIDE, survey of exposure in processing plants, state of Washington
CHLORIDE, Swedish workers show fourfold excess of liver-pancreas deaths
CHLORIDE, systems and equipment Installed by B.F. Goodrich and Robintech to meet
OSHA 'a occupational exposure standards
CHLORIDE, two birth defects studies planned
CHLORIDE, Union Carbide will shut down Its vinyl dispersion resins plant at South
Charleton, W. Virginia at end of 1976
CHLORIDE, Uniroyal Chemical is stopping production of all PVC resins at Palnesville,
Ohio plant because of high cost of environmental controls
CHLORIDE, use of oxygen rather than air In the oxychlorination VCM process offers
economic and environmental advantages particularly for new plants
CHLORIDE, use of oxygen seen more effective than air in the oxychlorination step of
the balanced oxychlorination VCM process
CHLORIDE, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries adopts standard June 6, 1975
CHLORIDE, workplace emissions satisfactorily monitored at Georgia Pacific's Plaquemlne,
La. plant
CHLORIDE DISEASE, immunologlcal mechanisms in its pathogenesls
CHLORIDE M3NOMER, B.F. Goodrlch's R&D program results will cut cost of meeting OSHA's
emissions limits by 1977
CHLORIDE MONOMER, description of B.F. Goodrich process for manufacture from ethylene,
chlorine, and air
CHLORIDE MONOMER, description of Monsanto-Sclentific Design Co. , Inc. process for
manufacture from ethylene, chlorine, air or oxygen
-28-
-------
Ref. No.
35-0027 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, description of PPG Industries process for manufacture from ethylene,
oxygen, chlorine and HC1
36-0030 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, Diamond Shamrock to build 1-bllllon Ibs/year plant at Its LaPorte,
Texas complex
28-0021 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, emissions from PVC resins reduced by new stripping process
35-0030 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, Firestone Plastic Co.'s new Perryville, Md. PVC resin plant set to
meet OSHA emission standards and EPA residual content limits
29-0016 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, genetic effects in humans and animals
29-0015 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, industry and Health Research Group at odds over PVC packaging ban for
foods proposed by FDA
27-0024 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, mid-1975 production well below mid-1974 output
30-0038 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, monitoring and control for tank trucks and other transport vehicles
27-0023 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, new Gerogia-Pacific PVC plant is in compliance with OSHA's future
1 ppm standard
38-0033 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, possible mid-1976 shortage due to increased PVC capacity and lack o£
VCM capacity expansion
38-0028 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, potential chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity of VCM given orally to rats
38-0033 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, price increase of 1.6«/lb announced
35-0034 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, price will rise to 12.6c/lb in early 1976
31-0030 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, production procedures
•39-0026 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, properties, handling, analysis
30-0036 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, reduction and control
30-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER, stripping techniques for removal from PVC resins
46-0039 VINYL CHLORIDE POISONING, incidence of in workers
32-0019 VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER, tumors in mice induced by presence of foreign body
implant
30-0040 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, activated carbon personnel monitoring system
33-0031 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, capacity increase via expansion of PPG's Lake Charles, Louisiana facility
37-0002 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, copolymer with acrylonitrile as possible T102 substitute in papermaking
29-0019 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, mutagenic effects
38-0007 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, mutagenic potency
47-0027 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, new PPG plant expansion at Lake Charles, La. will double production of
monomer
44-0024 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, photodecompositlon rates under simulated atmospheric conditions
38-0037 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, photooxidation reactivity and products
37-0035 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, potential cause of liver Irregularities in New Jersey workers
49-0002 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, potential health hazards when used aa a polymer raw material
46-0051
52-0026
WASTES, disposal of toxic and hazardous
WATER QUALITY MODEL, simulating concentration distributions for coupled constituents
29-0003 XENYLAMINE, potential bladder carcinogen
45-0031 ZIRCONIUM, hazards from use in antiperapirant sprays
-29-
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
32-0001
47-0004
47-0021
30-0006
46-0030
27-0007
37-0008
36-0008
44-0035
46-0014
31-0015
39-0018
38-0041
37-0008
49-0005
31-0031
38-0007
38-0052
32-0001
29-0016
27-0010
43-0008
46-0003
44-0007
45-0024
45-0028
41-0012
45-0038
48-0010
34-0004
52-0001
46-0039
41-0007
34-0004
48-0025
51-0010
52-0004
47-0029
52-0015
40-0030
49-0034
40-0030
49-0034
36-0010
34-0004
47-0038
45-0026
47-0021
46-0032
49-0013
31-0022
45-0014
38-0035
30-0008
43-0004
47-0040
31-0010
37-0039
48-0023
45-0005
41-0028
30-0026
52-0028
46-0038
35-0032
45-0038
46-0038
30-0039
51-0013
52-0018
33-0012
35-0031
35-0032
41-0024
51-0011
46-0038
38-0002
27-0001
40-0033
41-0007
47-0009
39-0001
51-0001
38-0045
ABDELGHANI, A. A.
ACKERMAN, Evelyn R.
ADAMS, V.D.
AFTOSMIS, James G.
AHNER, David J.
AIMMERMAN, Stephen W.
ALARIF, A.
ALBERT, R.E.
ALDRIDGE, W.N.
ALLARA, D.L.
ALLEN, Sylvester T.
ALLEY, Earl G.
ALTHOFF, Jurgen
AMACHER, D.E.
AMASA, S.K.
AMES, Bruce N.
AMSTER, Robert L.
ANDERSON, A.C.
ANDERSON, D.
ANDERSON, Earl V.
ANDERSON, H.
ANDERSON, H.F.
ANDERSON, H.W.
ANDERSON, Kurt
ANDRASCH, R.H.
ANGIONE, Ronald J.
ANTELL, M.
ANTOINE, A.D.
ANTONYUZHENKO, V.A.
ANVER, M.R.
APPLEBY, Alan
APPLEYARD, A.J.
ARBOGAST, B.L.
ARCHER, Michael C.
ARCHER, V.E.
ARCOS, Joseph C.
ARGUS, Mary F.
ARNOLD, James T.
ARNTS, 8.
ASPHALT INST.
ASTRAND, I.
AUSTRHEIM- SMITH, S.
AUTIAN, J.
AVIADO, Domingo M.
AYER, Franklin A.
AZAR, A.
BABA, Theodore B.
BABISH, John G.
BACHE, Carl A.
BACK, Kenneth C.
BADGER, James H.
BAHNER, Barbara
BAKER, J.H.
BALAAM, L.N.
BALDWIN, Jack E.
BALL, D.
BANERJEE, S.
BARALE, R.
BARBIN, A.
BARDANA, E.
BARONCELLI, S.
BARR, J.T.
BARTELL, C.K.
BARTON, I.J.
BARTSCH, Helmut
BATEMAN, P.E.
BAUER, C.
BEAMAN, D.R.
BEATTY, J.R.
BEAUCHINGER, M.
BEAUDOIN, A.R.
BECKER, D.A.
BECKLAKE, M.R.
BECKMAN, William A.
51-0003
48-0023
27-0038
27-0003
34-0012
27-0007
49-0036
30-0037
36-0007
38-0020
32-0036
52-0037
47-0002
49-0008
48-0038
33-0016
31-0036
40-0034
52-0038
36-0028
48-0026
44-0011
44-0018
30-0034
28-0016
31-0004
30-0028
52-0006
39-0022
39-0021
50-0013
37-0043
42-0024
34-0014
40-0022
40-0003
36-0008
29-0019
51-0024
29-0019
51-0024
38-0038
33-0020
35-0019
30-0030
30-0014
50-0008
46-0021
33-0005
44-0015
37-0003
32-0019
32-0019
27-0036
30-0028
41-0028
31-0025
37-0033
44-0024
•48-0007
35-0032
44-0028
35-0046
46-0038
39-0002
44-0001
44-0010
46-0049
39-0018
37-0033
40-0004
43-0024
30-0047
42-0001
35-0016
37-0009
47-0006
38-0027
40-0030
49-0034
51-0024
38-0037
39-0016
39-0017
BEDDOWS, N.A.
BEDINGER, C.A. , Jr.
BEECHEY, C.V.
BEEGLE, Robert G.
BEIL, Karen M.
BEIRNE, Gregory J.
BELCHER, N.M.
BELL, Z.G. , Jr.
BELLAR, Thomas A.
BENDER, Edward S.
BERG, John W.
BERKLEY, R.W.
BERRY, G.
BERRY, J.P.
BETTERIDGE, D.
BEYCHOK, Milton R.
BIDLEMAN, T.F.
BIESINGER, Kenneth E.
BILLS, D.D.
BIRCH, Shelton R.
BIR SINGH, Hanwant
BITMAN, J.
BLACK, R.F.
BLANCHFIELD, Burke J.
BLANCK, M.D.
BLASZAK, Thomas P.
BLAU, G.E.
BLEJER, H.P.
BLINOVA, E.A.
BLOOM, T.F.
BOBOTAS, G.
BOCK, Fred G.
BODEN, Leslie I.
BODINE, Steven R.
BODNER, Arnold H.
BOHN, Arne
BOHNING, D.E.
BOLT, H.M.
BOLT, W.
BOND, E.J.
BONSE, G.
BOOTH, Gary M.
BOOZ, Charles S. , Jr.
BORISOV, A.I.
BORYS, Randolph D.
BOSTICK, D.T.
BOUHUYS, A.
BRAMAN, Robert S.
BRAND, Inge
BRAND, K. Gerhard
BRANDT, M.
BRANSON, D.R.
BRANZ, Stephen E.
BRATT, H.
BREDER, Charles V.
BREDEWEG, Corwln J.
BREEDIN, Patricia H.
BRESIL, H.
BRIHKMAN, Charles P.
BROENKOW, W.W.
BRONZETTI, G.
BROOKER, James R.
BROWN, H.R.
BROWN, K.W.
BROWN, Lewis R.
BROWN, Margaret E.
BROWN, Martha M.
BROWN, Robena J.
BROWN, Stephen M.
BROWN, V.M.
BRUCE, W.R.
BRUCKMAN, Leonard
BRUNNEMANN, Klaus D.
BRYANT, Georgia M.
BUCHTER, A.
BUFALINI, Joseph J.
BULL, Don L.
-30-
-------
52-0037
46-0009
32-0019
36-0028
42-0024
30-0044
46-0036
27-0031
42-0030
52-0037
41-0005
46-0046
48-0006
31-0012
48-0007
35-0004
40-0022
40-0023
40-0024
39-0019
40-0030
31-0026
37-0045
45-0012
46-0038
43-0025
27-0020
49-0014
32-0022
38-0049
48-0031
36-0007
37-0031
45-0006
32-0006
33-0026
33-0039
44-0011
31-0012
46-0038
41-0011
33-0022
33-0023
38-0022
30-0039
49-0032
42-0009
42-0010
37-0020
44-0017
27-0009
46-0051
48-0031
30-0015
30-0016
42-0009
42-0010
42-0011
38-0014
38-0007
37-0015
49-0035
52-0034
44-0006
40-0016
47-0039
47-0039
28-0003
40-0008
40-0029
49-0019
31-0010
28-0016
52-0011
31-0038
39-0006
46-0029
30-0001
44-0016
36-0008
43-0021
40-0029
51-0013
38-0027
39-0018
37-0031
BUNCH, J.E.
BUNIMOV1CH, G.I.
BUOEN, Lance C.
BURG, William R.
BURGESS, William A.
BURKE, Donald P.
BURKE, Hubert D.
BURNETT, C. Clyde
BURSEY, J.T.
BUSCH, R.H.
BUSHNELL, David L.
BUSS, David H.
BUTLER, Frank E.
BUTLER, George J.
BUTTON, Lawrence N.
BUU-HOI, Nguyen Ph
CAASI, Priscilla I.
CALABRESE, Edward J.
CALANDRA, J.C.
CAMMELLINI, A.
CAPEROS, Jose R.
CARLISLE, Douglas R.
CARLSON, Gary P.
CARPENTER, Ben H.
CARPENTER, C.P.
CARRETTI, Donate
CARSWELL, Keith J.
CARTER, J.T.
CARTER, L.J.
CARTON, Robert J.
CASCAVAL, C.N.
CAS ID A, John E.
CECIL, B.C.
CELOTTA, R.J.
CERCIGNANI, G.
CHAMEIDES, William L.
CHAN, U.S.
CHAN, R.K.S.
CHAN, W.C.
CHANG, Kun
CHANG, Louis W.
CHARLESWORTH, F.A.
CHEREMISINOFF, Paul N.
CHIECO, P.
CHIOU, Win L.
CHERONIS, Nicholas P.
CHOI, Edmund
CHOU, C.C.
CHOW, Y..L.
CHRISTIANI, D.C.
CHRISTIANSON, Charles
CKROSTEK, Walter J.
CHUGH, Y.P.
CHURCH, J.
CHYNOWETH, David P.
CICERONE, R.J.
CLAPP, N.
CLARK, B.R.
CLARK, Kirtland P.
CLARY, J.J.
CLAYSON, D.B.
CLEMENS, Thomas L.
COBB, Donald A.
COCHRAN, Neal P.
CODDING, C.N.
COHEN, Burton M.
COHEN, V.R.
COLWELL, Rita R.
COLYER, S.
CONDIE, D.B.
CONSTANTIN, Patrlanakos
COOK, David W.
COOMBES, E.J.
43-0016
31-0001
31-0002
43-0022
41-0007
40-0016
50-0003
41-0007
46-0038
37-0021
48-0015
43-0016
47-0021
31-0023
51-0009
32-0023
45-0016
41-0005
51-0014
35-0044
32-0008
39-0039
46-0044
52-0040
35-0032
39-0021
30-0001
40-0009
36-0028
37-0037
40-0005
45-0024
31-0025
48-0027
39-0030
37-0010
37-0011
41-0002
49-0034
42-0016
47-0040
38-0012
43-0036
48-0013
38-0028
28-0028
52-0004
36-0007
52-0037
37-0033
45-0016
28-0020
42-0023
39-0029
39-0004
38-0016
52-0001
29-0013
44-0024
37-0037
50-0007
28-0013
43-0033
27-0003
43-0034
31-0009
51-0010
51-0007
38-0043
44-0009
42-0013
31-0023
27-0020
37-0007
49-0021
31-0009
52-0019
40-0033
45-0017
46-0021
48-0004
37-0031
37-0020
44-0017
38-0045
38-0038
COPELAND, M.F.
COPENHAVER, E.D.
CORBETT, T.H.
CORNER, John W.
CORN, Morton
CORNELL, R.G.
CORSI, C.
COULSTOS, Frederick
COURTNEY, K. Diane
COWAN, P. A.
COX, Kenneth E.
COX, P.J.
COX, R.A.
CRAIG, O.K.
CRARY, D.D.
CREASIA, D.A.
CRIST, Howard L.
CROCKETT, Pernell W.
CROISY, A.
CROMER, J.
CROSS, Frank L. , jr.
CRUTZEN. P.J.
CUDDEBACK, John E.
CUDDY , Rosemary
CUNNINGHAM, H.M.
DAHLBERG, J.A.
DANIEL, J.W.
DARKE, C.S.
DaSILVA, Luiz H. Pereiri
DASSONVILLE, J.
DATTA, D.V.
DAVIES, D.L.
DAVIS, B.E.
DAVIS, Richard A.
DEAN, Brenda J.
DEEN, Dennis
DcFONSO, Lester R.
DeGROOT, A. P.
DEINZER, M.
DeMARCO, Jack
DeMAKRAIS, G.A.
DENNISON, Lawrence J.
DERWENT, R.G.
DESAI, Rashmlbala
DeSERRES, F.J.
DIAMONDSTONE, B.I.
DICKSON, Edward M.
DiGERONIMO, M.J.
DILLING, Wendell L.
D1PAOLO, Joseph A.
DIXON, R.L.
DOBNER, Samuel
DODSON, B.
DOHNER, V. Alton
DONALDSON, Barbara
DONALDSON, D.J.
DONIACH, D.
DONOVAN, R.J.
DOOLEY, C.J.
DOOLEY, Kenneth
DOST, F.N.
DOWNS, W. Richard
DOWTY, Betty J.
DOYLE, Susan G.
DRAGGAN, S.
DRAKE, G.L., Jr.
DREIFUSS, P. A.
DRESP, J.
DREW, R.T.
DUCE, Robert A.
DUCK, B.W.
DUDLEY, Alden W. , Jr.
DUFFIE, John A.
DUMAS, T.
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DURKIN, Patrick R.
DURST, R.A.
DWIVEDI, C.
DWYER, F.G.
DYER, Robert F.
DZUNA, E.R.
EAGEN, Michael
DATOUGH, D.J.
ECKERT, Herbert L.
EDMONDS, Larry D.
EGERT, G.
EGGLETON, A.E.J.
EHHALT, D.H.
EHRENBERG, L.
EICHENAUER, Max G.
EINBRODT, H.J.
EISENBRAND, G.
ELDEFRAWI, M.E.
ELDER, G.H.
ELDREDGE, J.D.
ELKORT, R.J.
ELLZEY, V.W.
EMBER, Lois
EMERSON, John A.
EMMELOT, P.
EMMINGER, Eberhard
ENDRES, J.
ENGDAHL, R.
ENGLANDE, A.J., Jr.
ENG-LIANG, Cheu
ENTERLINE, Philip E.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
EPA, OFFICE AIR QUALITY PLANNING & STANDARDS
EPA WASHINGTON, D.C.
EPLER, J.L.
EPSTEIN, S.S.
ESCH, Victor H.
EVANS, D.M.D.
EVANS, J.C.
EVANS, Joseph E.
EVANS, J.O.
EVANS, M.A.
EXON, J.H.
FAEGER, Rudolph F.
FAIRCHILD, M.D.
FALK, H.
FALK, H.L.
FARBER, John L.
FASCHING, James L.
FAZIO, T.
FEATHERS, R.E.
FEHRINGER, Norbert V.
FEHSENFELD, F.C.
FEINBERG, J.I.
FERBER, G.J.
FERBER, Kelvin H.
FERGUSON, E.E.
FERNANDEZ, J.
FERON, V.J.
FEY, Willard R.
FIALA, Emerich S.
FICKE, Hunter H.
FIDDLER, W.
FILATOVA, V.S.
FILE, D.M.
FINCHER, Robert C.
FINE, David H.
FISHER, C.R.
FISHER, Nicholas S.
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FOLEY, H.M.
FONG, Y.Y.
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FU, M.M.
FU, Y.C.
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GANZ, Charles R.
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GARRITY, John J.
GARRO, Anthony J.
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GAY, Bruce W. , Jr.
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GEHRING, Perry J.
GEHRKE, Charles W.
GEIKE, F.
GEORGE, Marilyn E.
GERRISH, Sarah Lee
GERVASI, G.
GETZ, L.L.
GIAM, C.S.
GIBBS, G.W.
GILLESPIE, D.M.
GILLS, T.E.
GIOVACCHINI, R.
GOERZ, Gunther
GOING, John
GOLBERG, L.
GOLDBERG, Leon
GOLDMAN, P.O.
GOLDSCHMIDT, Bernard M.
GOLDSMITH, John R.
GOLUB, N.I.
GOMEZ, Reinaldo F.
GOODMAN, S.J.
GORDON, John A.
GORMLEY, William T.
GOYER, Robert A.
GRABER, David R.
GRACE, U.K.
GRAEDEL, T.E.
GRAFF, Robert A.
GRANDJEAN, Carter
GRANT, D.L.
GREEK, Bruce F.
GREEN, D.
GREEN, G.H.
GREEN, M.H.L.
GREENBERG, Donald
GREENBERG, S.D.
GREENBLATT, M.
GREENHOUSE, G.
GREIM, H.
GRIMSRUD, E.P.
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HAAS, H.
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HEIDI, L.E.
HELFGOTT, T.
HENDERSON, W.R.
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HENOC, P.
HENSCHLER, D.
HERZOG, John
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HEXT, P.M.
HILFRICH, Jom
HILL, James IV
HILL, Kenneth R.
HILL, R.H.
HILL, R.N.
HILL, William J.
HILLS, John P.
HINSON, J.A.
HIRSCH, B.F.
HIRWE, Asha S.
KITTLE, Douglas C.
HO, C.H.
HOEL, David G.
HOFFMANN, Dietrich
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HOLMES, W.F.
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HUDSON, J.L.
HUEBNER, Russell H.
HUFFMAN, Fred
HUGHES, Evan E.
HUMPHREYS, E.R.
HUNTER, Byron A.
HURST, George A.
HURST, I.J.
HUTZINGER, 0.
IAMMARTINO, Nicholas R.
IARC Working Group
IATROPOULOS, M.J.
I CUE, Basil U.N.
IIJIMA, S.
ILLIG, E.G.
ILLINOIS INSTITUTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
INFANTE, P.F.
ING, P. Galle
IPPEN, Hellmut
ISAKSEN, I.S.A.
ISSENBERG, Phillip
IVANKOVIC, S.
IVIE, G. Wayne
IVY, J.T.
IZZAT, Ara
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JACOBY, F.
JACQUIGNON, P.
JAEGER, Rudolph
JAFFE, Richard J.
JAGANNATH, R. lyengar
JANES, H.
JAQUES, L.B.
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JOE, F.L.
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JOHNSON, David L.
JOHNSON, Larry D.
JOHNSON, M.K.
JOHNSON, W.M.
JOHNSON, William S.
JONES, D.
JONES, J.
JONES, Jerry L.
JONES, J.S.P.
JONES, Robert N.
JORDAN, J.W.
KAKIZOE, Tadao
KALFADELIS, C.D.
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KAMPS, L.R.
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KANTZ, Marcus E.
KAPPUS, H.
KAPRON. N.
KARRH, B.W.
KATSUNUMA, H.
KATZ, Jordan
KATZER, James R.
KAUFMANN, K.
KAWACHI, Takashl
KAY, A.M.
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KEELER, P. A.
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KEVY, Sherwin V.
KHUDOLEY, V.V.
KIANG, K.D.
KIEFER, David M.
KILBEY, Brian J.
KIM, S.W.
KIMBALL, R.F.
KING, H.G.
KING, J.M.
KING, L.J.
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KLINE, D.A.
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KOGAN, F.M.
Jr.
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KULAKIS, C.
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LACAZE, Jean-Claude
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LANGER, A.M.
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LEBOWITZ, Michael D.
LEDERBERG, Joshua
LEE, E.S.
LEE, I. P.
LEE, Ki P.
LEE, K.W.
LEE, Richard F.
LEE, Young K.
LEFEMINE, G.
LEHMANN, Edward J.
LEITIS, E.
LEMEN, R.A.
LEMKE, Armond E.
LEMMER, Francis S.
LEONG, B.K.J.
LEPORINI, C.
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LEWIS, P.J.
LEWIS, T.R.
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LIENER, Irvin E.
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LUEB, R.
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LYMAN, Frank L.
LYNCH, R.P.
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M & T CHEMICALS, INC.
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MANTELL, G.J.
MANZ, D.
MARCHIO, J.L.
MARMOT, Michael G.
MARTELL, James M.
MARTIN, J.H.
MARTIN, J.M.
MARTINO, Robert
MASON, J.W.
MATLAGE, W.T.
MATLIN, S.A.
MATSUMOTO, N.
MATSUYAMA, Mutsushi
MAY, T.W.
McCAMMON, C.S.
McCANN, Joyce
McCLENDON, L.T.
McCRAE, J.
McCULLAGH, S.F.
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MCLAREN, Malcolm G.
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MEDEIROS, Edward J.
MEDINA, Daniel
MELLO, Nancy K.
MELTON, R.
MELVIN, Walter W.
MENDOZA, C.E.
MENIS, 0.
MERESZ, Otto
METCALF, Robert L.
MEYN, M. Stephen
MIELCZAREK, S.R.
MIHAILOVICH, N.
MILES, W.F.
MILETTA, E.M.
MILL, Theodore
MILLER, A.
MILLER, J.M.
MILLER, Mathev F.
MILLER, Walter T.
MILLING, A.
MILVY, Paul
MINOURA, Yuji
MIRVISH, Sidney S.
MISRA, Hara P.
MITCHELL, D.
MITCHELL, J.R.
MITCHELL, T.J.
MITSUNO, Takao
MOFFITT, A.E.
MOHR, Ulrich
MOKRONOSOVA, K.A.
MOLINA, Mario J.
MOLNAR, G.
MONKMAN, J.L.
MONTESANO, R.
MOORE, Peter D.
MORGAN, A.
MORGAN, Karl Z.
MORITA, M.
MORROW, John
32-0002
43-0009
39-0034
52-0003
41-0022
32-0008
33-0030
42-0021
40-0015
41-0013
48-0015
45-0014
45-0039
52-0012
42-0028
33-0030
27-0039
47-0014
33-0025
37-0043
38-0001
35-0024
42-0014
31-0026
36-0018
46-0011
42-0026
30-0028
33-0022
33-0023
38-0022
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50-0001
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35-0044
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32-0009
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33-0021
27-0005
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40-0025
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37-0030
41-0013
35-0022
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31-0009
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41-0012
27-0036
30-0009
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32-0010
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31-0036
41-0005
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41-0034
36-0005
31-0027
33-0024
45-0001
41-0029
35-0036
32-0029
40-0027
32-0028
40-0007
49-0016
52-0017
MORKOW, R.W.
MORTON, Arthur R.
MORTON, W.
MOSELEY, B.E.B.
MOSEMAN, Robert F.
MOSLEM, Mary Treinen
MOZDEN, P.J.
MUELLER, W.F.
MULLIN, L.S.
MUMFORD, C.J.
MUNGIKAR, A.M.
MURIEL, W.J.
MURPHY, Sheldon D.
MURRAY, Chris
MYERS, G.A.
MYERS, Huston K..
MYERS, John L.
NAGAYO, Takeo
NAGEL, Donald
NAIR, P.P.
NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LABORATORY, CORVALLIS, OREGON
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
COMMITTEE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
NAUMAN, C.H.
NEELY, W.B.
NEFF, G.S.
NELSON, John D. , Jr.
NELSON, K.V).
NELSON, S.D.
NETTESHEIM, P.
NEUNER, Terry E.
NEWBERNE, Paul M.
NEWSOME, W.H.
NIAZI, Sarfaraz
NICHOLSON, A. Arnold
NICHOLSON, W.J.
NICOLOFF, H.
NIEMI, Carol K.
NIERI, R.
NIOSH
NISHIMURA, H.
NISSIM, Jack E.
NOHYNEK, G.
NOMURA, T.
NONEMAN, Jack W.
NOONAN, Richard C.
NORMAND, F.L.
NORRIS, L.A.
NORSTROM, Ake
OBERDING, D.G.
OBREMSKI, Robert J.
O'BRIEN, R.C.
OGAWA, Takeshi
OISHI, S.
OKADA, S.
OLNEY, C.E.
OLSON, R.J.
O'NEILL, Leonard A.
ONKEN, A.
ORFHANIDES, Cue G.
OSAWA, Zenjiro
OS HA, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
OSTERMAN-GOLKAR, S.
OSTERYOUNG, Janet
OTT, M. Gerald
OTTO, K.
OTTONLENGHI, A.D.
PALMER, Anthony K.
PANGBURN, Michael K.
PARASHER, C.D.
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44-0031
51-0009
43-0015
45-0022
48-0022
37-0010
37-0011
52-0012
32-0028
38-0020
52-0037
30-0016
38-0043
36-0023
52-0026
28-0016
51-0010
42-0024
46-0033
47-0023
47-0024
27-0012
33-0006
29-0006
38-0042
30-0005
30-0033
36-0019
44-0001
44-0010
48-0024
50-0001
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38-0006
52-0016
32-0007
52-0003
33-0026
40-0011
49-0035
40-0005
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51-0011
47-0021
31-0037
45-0027
32-0034
41-0031
39-0002
44-0013
39-0023
27-0028
27-0032
43-0036
33-0039
30-0004
29-0016
30-0026
31-0014
31-0006
35-0019
41-0030
44-0037
46-0021
36-0002
29-0004
42-0005
31-0013
38-0005
40-0006
39-00 3A
35-0006
41-0012
48-0035
37-0013
37-0014
29-0017
39-0028
46-0023
36-0024
48-0038
31-0009
44-0034
44-0036
PARIENTE, R.
PARIS, Doris F.
PARKE, D.V.
PARKES, D.G.
PATRICK, F.M.
PATTERSON, R.C.
PAULET, G.
PAWAR, S.S.
PAYNE, W.W.
PEARSON, J. Gareth
PELLIZZARI, E.D.
PENG, Geoffrey W.
PENSABENE, J.W.
PENTZ, William J.
PENUMALLI, B.R.
PERONE, V.B.
PESRIN, J.
PETERS, John M.
PETERSEN, Robert V.
PETERSON, D.B.
PFENNINGER, K.
PHELPS, Mary A.
PHILLIPS, J.C.
PICKET!, Edward E.
PIEKACZ, Hanna
PIELOU, B.C.
PIERCE, F.D.
PILTZ, F.M.
PINTO, S.S.
PIPER, Allan
FITTER, P.
PLANT, Albert F.
PLIMMER, J.R.
PLISS, Gennady B.
POHL, D.
POINESCU, I.C.
POLLOCK, W.
POLO, Joel
PONTEFRACT, R.D.
POPE, Martin
POPE, W.D.B.
PORCELLA, D.B.
PORTER, John A.H.
PORTNOY, B.
POSNER, Herbert S.
POUND, A.W.
POWELL, John J.
PRECISION VALVE CORP
PRESCOTT, James H.
PREUSSMAN, R.
PRICKETT, Mary Sue
PROCTOR, Nick H.
PROKOFEVA, O.G.
PURCHASE, I.F.H.
PUTNAM, A.
QUICK, Q.
RADDING, Shirley B.
RADWAN, Z.
RAHAT, Ana
RAHMAN, Mohammed T.
RAHN, Kenneth A.
RAJHANS, G.S.
RALL, David P.
RALOFF, Janet
RAMAN ATHAN, V.
RAMOS, Henry
RANADIVE, V.
RAO, K.V.N.
RAPPE, Christoffer
RASMUS SEN, R.A.
RAWLS, Rebecca L.
READ, John
RECK, Ruth A.
REEGEN, S.L.
REES, David I.
REEVES, W.A.
REICH, Peter
33-0020
35-0019
44-0002
45-0014
48-0024
33-0030
42-0021
46-0047
47-0028
35-0041
40-0004
28-0020
42-0023
44-0004
29-0016
40-0007
46-0025
29-0024
42-0004
44-0030
43-0016
36-0007
33-0012
28-0003
30-0003
32-0011
41-0040
49-0040
35-0040
27-0005
52-0007
43-0019
46-0033
44-0007
37-0010
41-0030
28-0020
42-0023
45-0033
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34-0003
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40-0012
47-0030
41-0013
49-0019
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47-0006
46-0022
40-0010
39-0015
41-0033
52-0036
52-0015
30-0047
48-0019
41-0008
41-0010
47-0018
32-0035
42-0007
44-0037
45-0003
27-0002
38-0019
40-0017
32-0023
49-0031
46-0013
51-0008
32-0011
52-0037
45-0034
27-0031
52-0038
37-0032
42-0026
51-0014
40-0032
40-0009
48-0030
40-0009
46-0025
REICHERT, D.
REICHLE, David E.
REINHARDT, C.F.
REISH, D.J.
REYNOLDS, Edward S.
REZNIK, Gerd
REZNIK-SCHULLER, Hildegard
RHYNE, Bonnie C.
RICHARDS, R.J.
RICHARDSON, C.R.
RICHARDSON, Julian C.
RICHTER, E.
RICKERT, David A.
RINDE, Esther
RISBY, T.H.
ROBBINS, A.
ROBECK, Gordon C.
ROBERTSON, D.F.
ROBERTSON, Larry W.
ROBOCK, Klaus
RODGERS, Adrianne E.
ROFFMAN, Amiram
ROFFMAN, Haia K.
ROGERS, Adrienne E.
ROHL, A.N.
ROLFE, Gary L.
ROLL, David B.
ROM, W.
RONCIN, G.
RONEN, A.
ROSE, F.A.
ROSE, V.E.
ROSENKRANZ, Herbert S.
ROSSI, Anna M.
ROSSMAN, Toby
ROUNBEHLER, David P.
ROWLAND, F.S.
ROWLAND, J.
ROZMAN, K.
RUBIN, I.E.
RUBINO, Robert A.
RUDERMAN, M.A.
RUNDEL, R.D.
RUSSELL, Clifford S.
RYTTMAN, H.
SAALWAECHTER, A.T.
SACCOMANNO, G.
SACKS, Susan T.
SADANA, Ajit
SAFE, S.
SAFFIOTTI, Umberto
ST. JOHN, L.E., Jr.
SALAHUDDIN, A. F.M.
SALMIVALLI, M.
SAMUELS, Steven
SANBORN, James R.
SANDALLS, F.J.
SANDERS, Virginia
SANDORFY, C.
SanGIOVANNI, M.L.
SARA VIS, Calvin A.
SAWICKI, E.
SAYAD, R.S.
SCALA, R.
SCANLAN, R.A.
SCHAFFNER, Robert M.
SCHAIRER, L.A.
SCHER, S.
SCHERER, E.
SCHIFF, H.I.
SCHLATTER, Ch.
SCHMELTEKOPF, A.L.
SCHMID, A.
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38-0036
33-0026
32-0035
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30-0020
35-0007
45-0025
43-0012
34-0004
29-0001
43-0034
51-0025
27-0038
36-0007
41-0029
35-0014
27-0005
44-0007
52-0007
52-0009
47-0030
41-0039
43-0034
51-0025
44-0030
30-0040
40-0028
52-0027
42-0008
42-0029
32-0016
38-0039
30-0027
28-0022
46-0030
50-0007
30-0006
33-0013
45-0019
49-0041
52-0021
43-0007
29-0024
30-0042
31-0031
48-0021
51-0010
29-0006
' 29-0001
48-0035
46-0032
34-0004
47-0039
45-0002
30-0040
45-0034
36-0007
29-0005
36-0007
32-0001
48-0028
45-0012
52-0005
30-0022
40-0034
30-0026
39-0029
44-0005
41-0021
37-0045
52-0002
50-0012
42-0026
38-0028
33-0035
37-0016
37-0016
32-0020
44-0006
42-0013
47-0004
27-0034
SCHMID, E.
SCHMIDT, Richard A.
SCHNEIDER, F.H.
SCHNEIDER, I. A.
SCHNEIDERMAN, Marvin A.
SCHROEDER, Henry A.
SCHULZE, Jenos
SCHWARTZ, Herbert
SCHWEIKERT, Emile A.
SCHWETZ, B.A.
SCORER, R.S.
SCOTT, Barry
SEABRIGHT, Marina
SEAMAN, Stephen
SEARLE, A.G.
SEEGER, Dennis R.
SEGEBBACK, D.
SEIDMAN, Irving
SELIKOFF, I.J.
SELLAKUMAR, A.
SELTZER, Richard J.
SEN, Nrislnha
SERRAVALLO, F.A.
SEVERS, L.W.
SHABAD, L.M.
SHAHANE, A.N.
SHAIR, F.H.
SHANK, R.C.
SHANNON, Earl E.
SHAPLEY, Deborah
SHAW, H.
SHEA, Kevin P.
SHELDON, Richard C.
SHERINS, R.J.
SHERMAN, Henry
SHIELDS, J.B.
SHIH, Katherine Lu
SHIMIZU, H.
SHIREY, Steven B.
SIEGEL, Frederic R.
SIKKA, Harieh C.
SIMMON, Vincent
SIMONE, A. A.
SIMPSON, B.R.
SIMPSON, Harold N.
SINCOCK, Andrew
SINGER, G.M.
SINGH, A.R.
SINGH, H. Blr
SINGH, M.M.
SKIDMORE, J.W.
SKORY, L.K.
SLOCUM, Clots J.
SLYSH, Roman
SMITH, Bradford L.
SMITH, P.M.
SMITH, S.H.
SMITH, T.J.
SMITH, Wayne E.
SMITH, Wesley E.
SMITHSON, G.
SNYDER, Sara
SOLOMON, A.
SOMERS, G. Fred
SORENSEN, Alfred
SORENSEN, E.M.B.
SORNSON, H.C.
SPARROW, A.H.
SPEEK, A.J.
SPENCE, John W.
SPILLER, Lester L.
SPIRTAS, Robert
SPIVEY, Charles, Jr.
SPRINGER, D.L.
SPURNY, Kvetoelav
SPYKER, Joan M.
28-0013
49-0023
52-0003
38-0011
40-0008
30-0013
31-0026
46-0026
47-0030
27-0016
37-0025
29-0008
37-0012
29-0010
49-0017
36-0007
45-0034
46-0054
37-0036
47-0004
30-0008
43-0004
40-0010
35-0015
52-0003
31-0031
49-0025
46-0038
52-0035
51-0010
27-0001
48-0041
38-0021
42-0027
37-0038
38-0049
41-0008
41-0010
50-0011
30-0038
43-0035
34-0007
41-0022
44-0015
46-0033
47-0024
36-0007
33-0030
42-0021
41-0007
37-0038
39-0020
42-0027
42-0027
48-0003
33-0005
33-0001
33-0002
47-0029
49-0014
29-0008
46-0050
45-0017
48-0035
37-0012
52-0036
29-0013
44-0024
35-0011
47-0008
27-0036
47-0040
38-0025
39-0025
28-0029
40-0009
33-0036
37-0011
38-0015
45-0003
34-0004
38-0031
44-0025
42-0014
52-0021
48-0014
SQUIRES, Arthur M.
STAFFORD, John
STARR, G. .
STEDMAN, D.H.
STEIN, Lawrence
STEIN, N.S.
STEINBACH, K.
STENBACK, F.
STBNSBY, Per S.
STEPHENS, Edgar R.
STERNAN, M.B.
STEVENS, Alan A.
STEVENSON, M.P.
STEWART, Richard D.
STICK, H.F.
STOBER, Werner
STOEWSAND, Gilbert S.
STOLARSKI, P.S.
STONARD, M.D.
STOKER, J.
STREITWIESER, David
STRELOW, Roger
STRETTI, G.
STRINGER, W.
STRUNIN, L.
STUDEBAKER, M.L.
STUKEL, James J.
SUE, T.K.
SUGIMURA, Takashi
SUGIYAMA, Taketoshl
SULLIVAN, L.J.
SUNDSTROM, G.
SUTHERLAND, M.E.
SUZUKI, Norlo
SWAFFIELD, Laura
SWEET, Diana M.
SWIFT, D.L.
SWINYARD, Ewart A.
SYMONS, James M.
SZABO, Sandor
SZWABOWSKA, M.
TABUCHI, Yoshiki
TAKADA, K.
TAKAYASU, Hlsao
TAKEUCHI, Tomio
TAL, H.
TALM1, Yalr
TANINAKA, Takumi
TANNENBAUM, Steven R.
TASDIFF, Robert G.
TAYLOR, Clifton 0.
TAYLOR, D.
TAYLOR, G.J.
TAYLOR, H.W.
TAYLOR, O.C.
TEASS, A.W.
TEFERTILLER, Nancy B.
TELEGADAS, K.
TEMPLE, Patrick J.
TER HAAR, G.L.
TERPOLILLI, Ralph N.
THOBURN, Theodore
THOMAS, R.S.
THOMPSON, C.K.
THOMPSON, T.L.
THOMSON, A.J.
THOS, A.
TILLMAN, David A.
TOIVANEN, A.
TOOMEY, J.
TORDELLA, J.P.
TOSINE, Halle M.
TOTH, Bela
TOU, James C.
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40-0029
40-0034
48-0027
42-0020
42-0027
27-0032
33-0035
27-0017
27-0018
27-0019
33-0020
40-0007
40-0030
38-0028
48-0025
39-0011
38-0025
40-0032
35-0014
52-0028
32-0020
44-0002
50-0008
40-0036
50-0030
43-0036
44-0021
39-0007
42-0022
31-0038
35-0006
45-0026
37-0010
44-0038
32-0009
33-0013
47-0002
52-0003
52-0006
45-0029
49-0030
52-0015
52-0035
48-0027
41-0011
42-0017
39-0012
48-0004
51-0010
48-0027
30-0006
52-0038
38-0029
49-0024
48-0027
44-0002
37-0016
45-0029
49-0030
52-0035
48-0023
47-0020
44-0005
38-0040
38-0012
31-0007
42-0024
41-0005
46-0046
48-0006
46-0048
•50-0013
44-0019
44-0020
50-0010
51-0014
TOULOUSE, P.
TROCHIMOWICZ, H.J.
TROLL, Walter
TUCKER, Ralph G.
TURCHI, G.
TURNER, J.E.
TYNDALL, R.L.
TYO, Robert M.
UDNOON, Sopsamom
ULMACHNEIDER, Ronald W.
UMEZAWA, Hamao
UNGERER, 0.
UPHAM, J.B.
URBACH, F.
URBAN, Th.
URWIN, Colin
VALLE, Ricardo T.
VAN BATTUM, D.
VANCE, B.D.
VANDERSLIK, Allen L.
VANDERVORT, Robert
VAN DIJK, W.F.M.
VAN DUUREN, Benjamin L.
VAN ERT, Mark
VAN HOOK, Robert I.
VARSHAVSKAYA, S.P.
VENITT, S.
VERNICK, David
VERNOT, E.H.
VERSAR, Inc.
VERVALIN, Charles H.
VESELL, Elliot S.
VESSELINOVITCH, S.D.
VESTERBERG, 0.
VIDAL, E.
VIGLIANI, B.C.
VILLENEUVE, D.C.
WAGNER, J.C.
WAGNER, S.
WAGNER, W.
WAGONER, J.K.
WALKER, Anne E.
WALKER, James C.G.
WALLACE, Robert T.
WALLIS, Ian G.
WALSH, Paul R.
WALTON, B.
WARD, A. Mllford
WARITZ, Richard. S.
WARTHESEN, J.J.
WATANABE, P.G.
WATKINS, J.
WATSON, Annetta P.
WATTS, Donald M.
WAXWEILER, R.J.
WAYLAND, J.R.
WEBER, K.
WEBSTER, I.
WEEKES, U.Y.
WEEKS, Robert W. , Jr.
WEETH, R.J.
WEGMAN, David H.
WEHNER, Alfred P.
WEILL, Hans
WEISBURGER, J.R.
WEISS, William
WESBROTH, S.H.
52-0003
45-0024
49-0003
45-0015
30-0038
47-0007
31-0001
31-0002
38-0028
38-0043
•48-0028
•30-0034
30-0029
35-0004
35-0045
44-0033
40-0019
39-0017
34-0014
27-0031
•44-0031
44-0036
43-0007
•51-0007
52-0036
47-0024
49-0031
48-0024
30-0037
35-0016
35-0024
38-0007
37-0021
48-0015
'38-0012
35-0023
52-0020
48-0039
31-0027
30-0030
40-0017
52-0019
37-0012
50-0016
32-0011
32-0033
36-0032
44-0031
44-0036
41-0033
30-0023
48-0036
46-0048
39-0002
44-0015
WESWIG, P.
WETTSTROM, R.
WHARTON, F.D., Jr.
WHEATER, R.H.
WHEELER, R.N. , Jr.
WHITE, G.C.
WILKINSON, B.K.
WILLEMS, I.
WILLIAMS, A.C.
WILLIAMS, D.M.J.
WILLIAMS, David T.
WILLIAMS, John W.
WILSHIRE, Frank W.
WILSON, Hugh H.
WIMER, W.E.
WITHE Y, Jim R.
WITZEL, Donald A.
WLODKOWSKI, Theodore J,
WOLCOTT, G.
WOLFE, N. Lee
WOLFF, Mary
WOLFRUM, J.
WOODFIN, W.J.
WOODHEAD, J.H.
WOODS, Shirley
WORD, J.Q.
WORK, G.A.
WYROBEK, A.J.
YAMADA, Seiji
YAMASAKI, Edith
YANG, Raymond S.H.
YASUDA, Stanley K.
YASUDA, Y.
YIP, G.
YOON, Soo-Choon
YOSHITAKA, Ogiwara
YU, Ching-Chieh
YURAWECZ, M.P.
ZAFONTE, L.
ZAHRADNIK, Raymond L.
ZAMCHECK, Norman
ZAPP, J.A. , Jr.
ZEPP, Richard G.
ZETTERBERG, G.
ZIMMERMAN, Martin B.
ZINGMARK, P-A
ZISKIND, Morton
ZOOK, Elizabeth G.
ZUSKIN, E.
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CATS Biweekly Reports
Nos. 27 - 39
-39-
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27-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Beatty, J.R. and Studebaker,^M.L.
THE RUBBER COMPOUND AND ITS COMPOSITION
PART I: POLYMER, CURING SYSTEM, CARBON BLACK
Rubber Age 107 (8): 20-35 (1975)
This review describes price, processing, and properties as the major compounding
factors; outlines 14 common processing problems; and discusses the functions
of the various rubber compounding ingredients: elastomers, cure systems, fillers,
processing aids, and other ingredients. Among the topics discussed are the
selection of the polymer, the most important ingredient of a rubber compound;
stress-strain values; abrasion resistance; permanent set; polymer blends; cure
system; scorch control; fast cure systems; ease of dispersion; carbon blacks;
and existing problems.
In the selection of a curing system, care must be taken to avoid those chemicals
which are toxic and may cause dermatitis.
Some NBR rubbers with very good oil resistance have a high acrylonitrile content.
Halogenated compounds, used as additives to reduce the flammability of polymers,
seem to be most effective when used in conjunction with antimony oxide.
-40-
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27-0002
ARSENIC
Samuels, Steven and Howarth, Cynthia
RESPIRATORY CANCER AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENICALS (Letter to Editor)
Arch. Environ. Health 30_ (8): 423 (1975)
Refuting the statement of Ott et al (See: CATS 7-0022) that a dose-response
relation exists between an index of arsenic exposure and the ratio of observed-
to-expected respiratory cancer deaths among Dow workers, the authors question
the estimates of expected deaths; claim bias for the samples of exposed and
control study groups; and raise the possibility that trivalent arsenic as well
as pentavalent arsenic may have been present in the work environment, a factor
that would hinder proper evaluation of the pentavalent form.
-41-
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27-0003
ASBESTOS
Dohner, V. Alton et al
ASBESTOS EXPOSURE AND MULTIPLE PRIMARY TUMORS
Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. _U2 (2): 181-99 (August 1975)
Reviewing the case reports of 5 individuals with multiple primary tumors, the
authors point out that most attending physicians did not know that these patients
had been exposed to asbestos in their work and that the physicians were unaware
of the potential health hazards associated with asbestos.
The authors then review other reported instances of asbestos-related carci-
nomas. They also tabulate the various uses of asbestos, listing a variety of
industrial and domestic articles in which asbestos is used for heat insulation,
electrical purposes, friction materials, and such miscellaneous uses as sheets,
curtains, rugs, airplane wings, life jackets, etc. Occupational exposures include:
asbestos rock mining, asbestos carding, asbestos cork insulation workers, pipe
coverers, etc. Nonoccupational exposure includes residents near asbestos mills
or near roads on which asbestos is trucked, those living in houses with asbestos
insulation, etc.
27-0004
ASBESTOS
Anon
BENDIX CORP. ORDERED TO HALT ASBESTOS EMISSIONS:
Environ. Health Lett. 14_ (16): 5 (15 August 1975)
Because visible emissions of asbestos to the outside air were observed during
a July 14 inspection of Bendix Corporation's Friction Materials Division, Green
Island, N.Y., the company has been ordered by EPA to correct violations. No
asbestos emissions are permitted under the national emissions standards for
this chemical. Unless Bendix installs corrective air cleaning devices, it must
stop its mixer dumping operations.
-42-
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27-0005
ASBESTOS
Rohl, A.N. et al
EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS IN THE USE OF CONSUMER SPACKLING, PATCHING, AND TAPING
COMPOUNDS
Science 189 (4502): 551-3 (15 August 1975)
Spackling, patching and jointing compounds used for home repair work often
contain asbestos fibers, according to researchers at the Environmental Science
Lab., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NYC. Although asbestos has been impli-
cated as a carcinogen and OSHA has established safety levels for industrial
exposure, there are no standards for the home workshop. Tests indicate concen-
trations of asbestos in the home workshop higher than in factories. Warning
labels for the adhesives are needed and it has been suggested that the use
of potentially toxic or hazardous minerals in these products should be eliminated,
27-0006
ASBESTOS
Anon
EMISSION CONTROL AND ITS COST FOR THE TACONITE. . .
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25_ (8): 796 (1975)
EPA has commissioned an IGCI task group to determine the cost of emission
control for the taconite ore processing industry. The group has already sur-
veyed operations at Reserve Mining Company's ore mine at Babbitt, Minn., and
at its concentrator plant at Silver Bay, Minn. (Asbestos in taconite tailings
from Reserve Mining's operations has been the topic of water pollution/health
hazard discussions recently).
-43-
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27-0007
BENZIDINE
Zimmerman, Stephen W. et al
HYDROCARBON EXPOSURE AND CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Lancet 2^ (7927) : 199-201 (2 August 1975)
Interviews of 63 adult patients with advanced renal failure showed that those
with glomerulonephritis had been exposed more than others chronically to
contact or inhaled toxicants, particularly hydrocarbon solvents.
Several earlier reports have associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephri-
tis with hydrocarbon solvent exposure, and one study indicated its induction
in rats fed N,N'-diacetylbenzidine.
-44-
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27-0008
FLAME RETARDANTS
(New Products)
Anon
MORE NEW FR THERMOPLASTICS FOR MOLDING AND EXTRUSION
Mod. Plast. _52 (8): 20 (1975)
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co. now offers Polytuf 200, a terpolymer of vinyl
chloride, ethylene, and vinyl acetate as a flame retardant for molding and
extrusion applications.
-45-
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27-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Charlesworth, F.A.
FLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS IN PLAY AGAIN
Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 13. (3): 393-6 (June 1975)
Following up an earlier review of the literature on fluorocarbons, which
indicated that these materials were relatively safe, the author now reviews
five papers that throw some doubt on earlier reports.
In several, the development of cardiac arrhythmia in mice indicates that
patients with bronchopulmonary disease run the risk of death by cardiac
arrest from exposure to some fluorocarbons. Further studies with monkeys
and dogs show similar findings including the fact that the fluorocarbons
depress ventricular function in the canine heart. With humans, there is the
possibility that excessive use of drug aerosols may induce cardiac arrhythmia
and death.
27-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Anderson, Earl V.
CARBON TET PRODUCERS FRET OVER THREAT TO FLUOROCARBONS
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (33): 8-9 (18 August 1975)
Another effect of the potential ban on chlorofluorocarbons is related to the
production of carbon tetrachloride. In 1974, an estimated 92% of the 1.13
billion Ib. of carbon tet produced went into F-ll (trichlorofluoromethane)
and F-12 (dichlorofluoromethane). Because more than 50% of these chlorofluoro-
methanes are used in aerosols, the carbon tet producers could lose at least
50% of their major market.
Some producers, who also have "swing" plants (those producing carbon tet as
a coproduct with perchloroethylene) may convert much of their capacity to
perchloroethylene. In 1975, carbon tet production may drop to under 900
million Ib.
-46-
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27-0011
ISOCYANATES
Anon
MOBAY BOOSTS TDI TABS
Chem. Wk. 117 (8): 23 (20 August 1975)
Possibly starting a trend, Mobay Chemical will raise its bulk price of toluene
diisocyanate (TDI) to 40e/lb in mid-September. Recently, TDI prices have been
discounted to 35.7
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27-0012
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Hall, E.H. et al
FUELS TECHNOLOGY: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio. EPA/650/2-75-034. PB-242 535/3WK.
(April 1975)
The report gives results of a state-of-the-art review of various fuel-cleaning,
fuel-conversion, and emission control technologies. It includes the following
classes of technologies : physical and chemical coal cleaning, residual oil
desulfurization, coal refining (liquefaction), coal and oil gasification,
fluidized-bed combustion of coal, and stack gas cleaning. For each technology,
the report presents the extent of current practice and the status of systems
under development.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Govt. Abstracts, Chemistry, p. 313 (Aug. 18, 1975)]
-48-
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27-0013
4,4'-METHYLENEBIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
(MOCA)
Anon
MORE MOCA RULES PROTESTED
Mod. Plast. 52_ (8): 79-80 (1975)
The Polyurethane Manufacturers Assn. (PMA) Is protesting OSHA's request for
posting toxic chemical warning signs in areas where MOCA is used. PMA is
also challenging the OSHA standards for MOCA that call for air-supplied hoods,
showers, regulated areas for storage of sealed containers, and absolute.
filters.
-49-
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27-0014
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Greenblatt, M. and Lijinsky, W.
CARCINOGENESIS AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID IN SWISS MICE
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 52.: 1123 (1974)
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a chelating agent suggested as a partial replace-
ment for sodium triphosphate in detergents, was previously tested as a carcino-
gen in rats but the results were inconclusive.
A later study with mice, given NTA and sodium nitrate in drinking water,
indicates that NTA did not induce lung tumors in the 40 male mice tested but
that 12% of the 40 female mice tested developed lung tumors. Incidence of
lung tumors in controls was 19% in males and 12% in females.
A combination of sodium nitrite and NTA in the drinking water gave a tumor
incidence of 33% in males and 16% in females, a significant overall increase.
[Review in: Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (3): 409-10 (June 1975)]
27-0015
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Anon
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID HAS BEEN CONFIRMED AS A CARCINOGEN. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (33) : 7 (18 August 1975)
Long-term studies at the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences confirm the carcinogenicity potential of NTA,
which caused urinary tract cancers in rats and mice.
NTA has again been suggested as a phosphate substitute for detergents; four
years ago such use was stopped, when NTA was judged a potential teratogen.
-50-
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27-0016
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Ganz, Charles R. et al
ACCUMULATION AND ELIMINATION STUDIES OF FOUR DETERGENT FLUORESCENT
WHITENING AGENTS IN BLUEGILL (LEPOM1S MACPOCHIRUS)
Environ. Sci. Technol. 9_ (8): 738-44 (1975)
Studies in which bluegills were exposed to four sulfonated stilbene fluorescent
whitening agents (FWA's) indicate little tendency for the FWA's to accumulate
in the fish tissue, which might later be consumed by man. Table shows acute
toxicity of the four FWA's in bluegill,. in rainbow trout, and in Channel catfish.
27-0017
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Forbes, P.O. and Urbach, F.
EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATION OF PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS.
I. FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS AND SHORT-WAVE UVR
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (3) : 335-37 (June 1975)
The increasing use of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in numerous domestic
products warrants studies of their potential environmental hazard. To determine
if FWAs were photobiologically active or cocarcinogenic, hairless mutant (HRS/J)
mice were exposed to germicidal, low-pressure mercury-vapor ultraviolet lamps,
with and without pretreatment of the skin with the FWA, disodium 4,4'-bis-
(4,6-dianilino-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminostilbene-2,2f- disulfonate, applied in
20 pg methanol. Mice were irradiated daily for several months. Those pretreated
only with methanol before UV radiation developed erythema and skin cancers.
Under the same conditions, mice pretreated with the FWA had a slightly longer
latent period and developed fewer tumors. The FWA was considered to be non-
phototoxic and non-cocarcinogenic.
-51-
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27-0018
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Forbes, P.D. and Urbach, F.
EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATION OF PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS.
II. FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS AND SIMULATED SOLAR UVR
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (3): 339-42 (June 1975)
Hairless mice, exposed daily for several months to UV radiation from a solar
simulator, developed skin tumors (mostly squamous-cell carcinomas). Mice,
whose skin was pretreated with the phototoxic agent 8-methoxypsoralen (0.01%
in methanol), developed more tumors in a shorter exposure time. Mice
pretreated with either sodium 2-(4-styryl-3-sulfophenyl)-2H-naphtho[l,2-d]-
triazole or disodium 4,4'-bis-([4-anilino-6-(N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-
l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate, applied in methanol,
showed no more severe response than those exposed only to UV irradiation.
Thus, the two substituted-stilbene fluorescent whitening agents were judged
not to be phototoxic or to enhance photocarcinogenesis.
27-0019
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Forbes, P.D. and Urbach, F.
EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATION OF PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS.
III. SIMULATION OF EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT AND FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (3): 343-5 (June 1975)
Hairless mice developed skin tumors, when exposed daily over a period of
several months to UV, visible and infra-red radiation from a long-arc xenon-
lamp simulating sunlight. Pretreatment of the skin with 8-methoxypsoralen
(8-MOP) induced more tumors sooner, showing the 8-MOP to be a definite
enhancer of photocarcinogenesis. Mice, whose skin was pretreated with any
of four substituted-stilbene fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), had fewer
and less prevalent tumors than did the controls, indicating that the FWAs
were not phototoxic and not cocarcinogenic.
-52-
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27-0020
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Dowty, Betty J. et al
NEW ORLEANS DRINKING WATER SOURCES TESTED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Environ. Sci. Technol. 9. (8): 762-5 (1975)
A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer combination identified major
aromatic and halogenated aliphatic compounds in New Orleans drinking water,
in a commercial source of artesian water, and in deionized charcoal-filtered
finished water. Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) and trichloroethylene
were identified in two instances, but were not identified in the artesian
water.
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See: 27-0010, Fluorocarbons
-53-
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27-0021
POLYURETHANES
Gerrish, Sarah Lee
URETHANE FOAM ON THE RISE
Mod. Packag. 48 (8): 19-22 (1975)
More packaging uses are anticipated for polyurethane (PU) foam, following
changes in its chemistry and applications. An increasing market is seen for
foam-in-place packaging, which now accounts for about 20% of total PTJ. Total
urethane for packaging may climb to 25 million Ib. in 1975 compared to 18
million Ib. in 1974.
From the safety standpoint, reduced toxicity is seen because of widespread
switch from TDI (toluene-based) to MDI (methylene-based) chemistry. Also,
one supplier reputedly has eliminated all Freon from his formulations, but
has not identified the substitute.
-54-
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TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 27-0020, Perchloroethylene
-55-
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27-0022
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
WILL SHALE YIELD CHEMICALS BEFORE OIL?
Chem. Week 117 (8): 37 (20 August 1975)
Colorado shale is now seen as a potential source of soda ash and sodium
bicarbonate. The nahcolite-bearing oil shale could yield sodium bicarbonate
at an operating cost of $10/ton and a capital cost of $4/ton, according to
one estimator. Another sees a 1-million-ton/year nahcolite mining operation
possible at a capital cost of $45 million and foresees a 300,000 to 500,000
tons-a-year market for calcined nahcolite.
It may be that the shale will yield chemicals before it yields oil via the
several in situ oil extraction processes now under consideration. One method,
advanced by Shell, is a solution method in which superheated water is injected
under pressure into the shale to dissolve the nahcolite, yielding a concen-
trated solution of sodium bicarbonate, as well as crude oil. The system
would disturb the landscape only slightly and would require very little water
because of recycling.
-56-
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27-0023
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NATION'S NEWEST PVC PLANT IS A MODEL OF SAFETY, AUTOMATION, PRODUCT UNIFORMITY
Mod. Plast. _52 (8): 14, 16 (1975)
Georgia-Pacific's Plaquemine, La., 100,000 ton-capacity PVC plant, which came on
stream in 1975, is in compliance with the 1 ppm time weighted average standards
that OSHA plans to make effective next April for VCM.
There are no walls, no roof, and no enclosures to trap vapors in the plant;
its nine reactors are cleaned automatically, plant air is continuously monitored
and an alarm sounds at any location where VCM level reaches 1 ppm.
Output from the new plant will be sold on the market.
27-0024
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
OUTPUT OF MAJOR ORGANICS IN FIRST HALF WAS DOWN FROM YEAR-AGO TOTALS
Chem. Week III (8): 13 (20 August 1975)
The 342 million Ibs of VCM produced in June 1975 was 22% below June 1974
production, and the 1.67 billion Ibs produced in the first six months of 1975
was 40% under production during the first six months of 1974, reflecting the
current downtrend for other major organic chemicals. Chemicals showing
production drops from 23% to 37% for the month and from 26% to 46% for the
first half of the year are butadiene, ethylene, propylene, styrene, acetic
acid, and formaldehyde.
-57-
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27-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
DEMAND FOR CHEMICALS WILL REBOUND IN 1976 BUT NOT MATCH 1974 LEVEL
Chem. Week 117 (8): 13 (20 August 1975)
The 6% rebound in demand for nine major chemicals predicted for 1976 will
not completely counteract the 7.5% drop in demand expected during 1975f
according to Applied Econometrics, Melville, N.Y. A 41% drop in demand
is predicted in 1975 for polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, phthalic anhydride,
and formaldehyde (all of which are used in plastics). In 1976, demand for
these five materials should rise 30% but still fall about 21% below 1974
demand. Higher prices in 1976 are predicted for all 14 chemicals.
27-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
FDA WILL PROPOSE TO BAN SOME USES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE IN FOOD PACKAGING. . .
Chem. Eng. News 5.3 (33): 7 (18 August 1975)
Fearful that vinyl chloride, a human carcinogen, from PVC bottles and wrapping
paper, FDA may propose banning the use of PVC for some food packagings instead
of merely limiting VC content of the PVC to 50 pbb.
-58-
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27-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
AT LONG LAST A PVC REG, MAYBE
Mod. Packag. 48 (8): 53 (1975)
Maybe, but again maybe not, is the prediction that FDA is about ready to set
migration levels for vinyl chloride in food-contact packaging materials. Since
early 1973, when FDA first learned of the migration problem, other government
agencies, including the Coast Guard, have established VC regulations. FDA
postponed its regulations in March 1975, pending study of Dr. Maltoni's
findings that ingested VC may cause cancer in rats.
The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI) claims that vinyl monomer
is not migrating into foodstuff. SPI recently hired ex-EPA chief, W.D.
Ruckelshaus, to help prod EPA into writing air-control standards for production
of vinyl chloride.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 27-0008, Flame Retardants
-59-
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27-0028
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ivankovic, S. and Preussman, R.
ABSENCE OF TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH DOSES OF
CHROMIC OXIDE PIGMENT IN SUBACUTE AND LONG-TERM FEEDING EXPERIMENTS IN RATS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13 (3): 347-51 (June 1975)
To test the toxicity and carcinogenicity of the pigment chromic oxide, BD
rats were fed chromium oxide green (used as a cosmetics coloring) for 9.0 days
(to test subacute toxicity) and over a two-year period (to test long-term toxicity
and carcinogenicity).
Although autopsy revealed reduced weights of liver and spleen in treated animals,
no macroscopic or histological changes were noted. No toxic effects resulted
from high oral doses over 90 days or two years and no carcinogenic action resulted,
Although the oral route may be questioned for determining the effects of a
cosmetic product, substances that are non-toxic given orally are usually non-toxic
when applied to the skin.
27-0029
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CHROMATES CITED AS CANCER LINK BY JAPAN
Chem. Week 117 (8): 14 (20 August 1975)
Sodium dichromate may have caused the deaths from lung cancer of 18 workers in
Nippon Chemical Industrial (NCI) and Nippon Denko, according to Japan's Ministry
of Labor. The 500,000 tons of waste that NCI dumped into Tokyo's Koto ward
between 1939 and 1971 may be the cause of most of the chronic bronchitis and
emphysema found in 583 of that area's residents. Chromates are also
suspect carcinogens according to preliminary studies in Italy and Norway,
and NIOSH in the U.S. may issue an alert on them.
-60-
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27-0030
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CHECKING ON CHROMATES
Chem. Week 117 (7): 22 (13 August 1975)
Having been informed by the Dry Color Manufacturers Assn. (DCMA) that the
results of research in Italy and Norway, albeit inconclusive, suggest that
chromates are carcinogenic, NIOSH will very shortly determine if it should
issue an alert on these substances, which find extensive use in the pigment
industry. Meanwhile, DCMA is sponsoring animal studies and epidemiologic
surveys on chromates.
In Italy, 26 of 40 rats injected with "chromate ores" developed tumors. The
study, conducted by Cesare Maltoni of the Institute for Cancer Research in
Bologna, may not be too relevant, however, because workers inhale chromates.
In Norway, five cancers (3 of the lung and one each of the prostate, pancreas,
and nasal passage) were discovered among 133 workers in a chromate pigment
factory, where the workers were exposed to lead chromate, zinc chromate, and
molybdenum chromate.
27-0031
GENERAL INFORMATION
Burnett, C. et al
LONG-TERM TOXICITY STUDIES ON OXIDATION HAIR DYES
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13 (3): 353-7 (June 1975)
Random-bred Swiss Webster mice were used to determine the potential skin
toxicity of the major ingredients or reaction products in oxidation hair
dye formulations. Over an 18-month period, groups of 100 mice received
topical applications, weekly or biweekly, of three hair-dye formulations,
which were mixed with hydrogen peroxide to provide actual use conditions.
Chemical intermediates in these formulations included 2,5-toluenediamine
sulfate, m-and p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol, 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate,
and 2,4-toluenediamine. The last compound, when given to rats in a sub-
optimal diet (0.1% for 35 wks), induced liver cancers. In this study,
however, no overt signs of systemic toxicity nor carcinogenic activity were
noted from any of the formulations tested.
-61-
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27-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Eisenbrand, G. et al
THE REACTION OF NITRITE WITH PESTICIDES. II. FORMATION, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
AND CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF THE tf-NITROSO DERIVATIVE OF ^-METHYL-1-NAPHTHYL
CARBAMATE (CARBARYL)
Food Cosmet, Toxicol. 13 (3): 365-7 (June 1975)
Because of the possibility that residues of certain pesticides or insecticides
in food could react with nitrite in the stomach to form carcinogenic N-nitroso
compounds, the capacity for nitrosation (under simulated stomach conditions) of
carbaryl, the insecticide N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate, was measured. Addition-
ally, the chemical and physicochemical properties of synthesized N-methyl-N-
nitroso-1-naphthyl carbamate were studied and the carcinogenic action of this
nitroso derivative were determined. Fourteen of 16 rats given a single sc dose
of 1000 mg N-nitrosocarbaryl/mg developed local polymorphic-cell sarcomas at the
injection site, but 21 months after receiving single oral doses of 200-15 mg/kg
of the compound other test rats showed no evidence of tumors.
27-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Mello, Nancy K.
BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY:
A DEVELOPING DISCIPLINE
Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 34_ (9): 1832-4 (August 1975)
Behavioral toxicology, an emerging development, should add new dimensions to
the study of the effects of pollutants on man and help in the establishing of
maximally acceptable concentrations of environmental and occupational pollutants.
Although there are similarities between behavioral toxicology and behavioral
pharmacology, there are major differences. Behavioral toxicological studies are
aimed at detecting the effect of a toxic substance that may cumulate slowly over
the years and not produce discernible behavioral effects until it reaches a
critical concentration. It is urgent that techniques be developed to detect the
early consequences of exposure to toxic chemicals.
The long-term effects of asbestos exposure and the effects of poisoning by
methylmercury and lead are cited as examples of the need for pre-determining the
potential toxicity of chemicals.
-62-
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27-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Spyker, Joan M.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LOW LEVEL CHEMICALS ON DEVELOPMENT: BEHAVIORAL AND
LATENT EFFECTS
Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 34_ (9): 1835-44 (August 1975)
Behavioral toxicology and behavioral teratology are developing disciplines that
may help define the potential effects on man of the many pollutants that are
accumulating in the environment. Apparently, nervous tissue, particularly the
brain, is affected by toxic chemicals with the adverse effects appearing as
subtle behavioral disturbances quite some time before any toxic symptoms appear.
Sensitivity is highest from conception to puberty. The developing brain is
also sensitive to teratogens and their effects can also be evidenced in subtle
behavioral abnormalities. These theories are illustrated by the results of studies
with mice exposed to methylmercury during their prenatal and early postnatal
period of development.
27-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Leal, Joseph R.
POLYBENZIMIDAZOLES
Mod. Plast. 52_ (8): 60-2 (1975)
Polybenzimidazoles are reviewed briefly as a class of polymers that are chemically
stable and resistant to high temperatures, the all-aromatic polymers being
thermally stable to about 500°C and those with aliphatic chains in the backbone
being stable to about 350°C. A more detailed report is presented on the properties
and prospective uses of poly-2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole, which is
generally referred to as FBI. Produced from the condensation of 3,3',4,4'-tetra-
aminobiphenyl and diphenyl isophthalate, PBI has been explored as a low-temperature
adhesive, as a synthetic textile fiber with high moisture regain, and as a matrix
tor reinforced composites and in laminates for ablative heat shields. Market
viability is still more potential than actual, but the polymer has market potential,
especially with the current emphasis on flame-proof materials.
-63-
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27-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ter Haar, G.L. et al
METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL AS AN ANTIKNOCK:
COMPOSITION AND FATE OF MANGANESE EXHAUST PRODUCTS
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (8): 858-60 (1975)
The properties of the exhaust products resulting from the use of methyl cyclo-
pentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as an antiknock agent in gasoline are
described. It is concluded that no public health hazards will result from
such use because of the very low concentration of MMT involved and because of
the low toxicity of the manganese exhausted.
27-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PESTICIDE PLANT CLOSED
Chem. Week 117. "(8) : 19 (20 August 1975)
The finding of high toxic levels (2 to 25 ppm) of a chlorinated ketone in the
blood of seven workers, who have been hospitalized (one with liver damage),
has caused Life Sciences Products to close its Kepone pesticide plant in Hope-
well, Va. Tests showed that about 30 other workers also had the pesticide in
their blood, indicating higher levels present in the body's fatty tissue.
Another 100 or so people, including former workers, will also be tested.
Possible cause, according to plant officials, could be plant modifications made
to meet water effluent standards. Life Science Products is the sole manufacturer
of the Kepone, most of which is exported, with only about 0.8% of production
used in this country to control ants and cockroaches.
-64-
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27-0038
GENERAL INFORMATION
Beechey, C.V. et al
CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF PLUTONIUM-239 IN MALE MICE
Nature 256 (5518): 577-8 (14 August 1975)
Although potential genetic hazards from plutonium-239 have been considered less
likely than carcinogenic hazards, a recent study indicated an effect on the testes
of mice. Consequently, this reported study was undertaken to determine the
induction of chromosome aberrations in male mice exposed to a particles from
Pu-239. The results indicate that a radiation has the "expected high relative
biological effectiveness" for causing chromosome damage.
27-0039
GENERAL INFORMATION
Murray, Chris
SCIENTISTS ISOLATE SOLID OXONIUM SALTS
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (33): 20 (18 August 1975)
Experiments conducted to develop new halogenated oxyfluorides via the hydrolysis
of a halogen yielded instead some stable white solids, identified as oxonium
salts. The new products, synthesized from antimony pentafluoride and hydrogen
fluoride at low temperature, have unusual thermal stability. One possible use
is the removal of traces of water from hydrogen fluoride gas streams, according
to the Rocketdyne scientists who made the discovery.
-65-
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ARSENIC
See also: 28-0018, Shale Oil Extraction and Refining
-66-
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28-0001
ASBESTOS
Anon
PPG's CORPUS CHRISTI PLANT CITED FOR ASBESTOS EXPOSURE VIOLATIONS
Chem. Week 117 (10): 10 (3 September 1975)
OSHA claims that PPG's Corpus Christ!, Texas, chlorine plant has violated
the asbestos standards. OSHA and the Oil Chemical & Atomic Workers Union
are assessing amount of worker exposure at Corpus Christi. .The union claims
conditions are similar to those at PPG's plant in Tyler, Texas, where an
outbreak of asbestosis occurred. Apparently, 400 workers and former workers
at the Tyler plant are believed to be subject to cancer as a result of their
exposure to asbestos.
28-0002
ASBESTOS
Harwood, Colin F.
ASBESTOS EMISSIONS FROM BAGHOUSE CONTROLLED SOURCES
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36_ (8): 595-603 (1975)
Although baghouses are the primary means of controlling emissions from asbestos
processing plants, there seems to have been little work done on measuring
baghouse efficiency in limiting asbestos fiber emissions.
In this study, the mass efficiency of the baghouses of five processing plants,
where chrysotile asbestos was used exclusively, was measured. In addition,
fiber size was measured via optical and electron microscopy. Mass removal
efficiency generally was higher than 99%, but the number of fibers greater than
1.5 pro in length was about 10^ fibers/m3. Apparently, enough fibers penetrate
the baghouse fabric filter to warrant caution in recirculating the air. Should
the baghouse fail, there might be a health hazard for workers.
-67-
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ASBESTOS
See also: 28-0024, General Information
-68-
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28-0003
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Robertson, Larry W. and Chynoweth, David P.
ANOTHER HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON
Environment 17_ (6): 25-7 (September 1975)
In this review of the previously reported toxic effects of polybrominated
biphenyls (PBBs) accidentally fed to Michigan cattle, the authors cite
several instances of the clear danger of ingested high levels of PBBs, but
raise concern over the unknown effects on humans exposed to low levels over
a long period of time.
Studies are still underway to determine how people not directly exposed to
the contaminated farm products can be exposed to the PBBs. According to
one unpublished report autopsies showed detectable levels in fat samples
of three such people.
The various uses of PBBs and ways that they do or may enter the environment
are discussed briefly.
-69-
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ETHYLENEIMINE
See also: 28-0024, General information
-70-
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28-0004
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
CHLOROFLUOROCARBON BREAKDOWN ESTABLISHED
Chem. Eng. News 53 (35): 15-6 (1 September 1975)
NBS chemists, P.J. Ausloos and R.E. Rebbert, reported at the recent ACS
meeting in Chicago that they have determined the photochemical mechanisms
for the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in studies that Involved the
use of four different wave lengths in the ultraviolet region of the
spectrum. Apparently, up to two atoms of chlorine can be formed from
each molecule of fluorocarbon 11 and fluorocarbon 12.
Temperature, they report, may be important in the breakdown of the chloro-
fluorocarbons in the stratosphere. In measuring the absorption cross section
(using fluorocarbon 12), a 10-fold increase was noted as the temperature
increased from 234 to 442°K. This indicates that chlorofluorocarbons may
take longer to break down at the stratospheric temperatures than has been
presupposed.
28-0005
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MCA WILL SPEND $5 MILLION TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS. .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (35): 7 (1 September 1975)
The Manufacturing Chemists Association will provide the government with
research results of its studies on the effects of chlorofluorocarbons on
the upper atmosphere. Such studies will include detection of chlorine
oxide, a decomposition product of the chlorofluorocarbons in the atmos-
phere, using a microwave radar detection technique.
-71-
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28-0006
FLUOROCARBONS
Kay, A.N.
OZONE LAYER (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News .53 (34): 5 (25 August 1975)
Commenting on a recent review of the chlorofluorocarbon controversy (See:
CATS *19-0010), the author refutes the ozone destruction theory by suggesting
that the action of sunlight on oxygen to form ozone will come into play.
Any ozone destroyed will be formed again to yield no net change in the ozone
concentration. Also, the suggestion is offered that reconstituted chloro-
fluorocarbon, which is incombustible, will gravitate towards the sun and
"put the sun out"...!
28-0007
FLUOROCARBONS
Niemi, Carol K.
LETTER TO EDITOR
Aerosol Age 20_ (8): 6 (1975)
Refuting a published statement that fluorocarbon propellants are used in
oven cleaners, the author states that, although two new oven cleaners (one
of which has been withdrawn) did contain fluorocarbons, nine others,
accounting for about 94% of the market, do not.
In the typical aqueous, alkaline formulation of these products the carbon-
halogen bond of the fluorocarbons ruptures to yield high levels of chloride
ions that work to corrode the interior of the aerosol container and permit
the oven cleaner to leak out of the container.
-72-
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28-0008
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
GAINING A PERSPECTIVE
Aerosol Age 2Qi (8) : 18-22 (1975)
Reviewed here is the booklet, "Fluorocarbons", available from Kaiser Aluminum
& Chemical Corp., Oakland, Calif., which reputedly presents a clear, compre-
hensive review of the fluorocarbon/ozone controversy. In five segments, the
booklet describes the reactions of ozone and the ultraviolet, the economic
impact of fluorocarbons, the issue at hand (reviewing the various theories),
the positions of scientists in government and industry, and the future.
Kaiser (a major producer of fluorocarbons) reports that, if the theory should
prove to be correct, halting fluorocarbon production now instead of in 1978
would cut any ozone depletion by only 0.5%. .Thus, the extra time to permit
further research would not increase greatly any potential danger.
28-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
SPEAKERS UPDATE STATUS OF OZONE CONTROVERSY
Aerosol Age 20 (8) : 30 (1975)
At a May 28 seminar held by the Packaging Institute in Washington, Dr. Ralph
Cicerone indicated that scientists are generally in agreement about the
potential hazards of fluorocarbons in the stratosphere, and that there is
enough proof to warrant government action.
For industry, Robert Orfeo refuted Cicerone, citing various uncertainties
in the ozone depletion theory and the need for more conclusive experimental
evidence. Industry is supporting such studies as halocarbon detection,
chlorine detection, and atmospheric chemistry studies at various universities,
and is considering funding a study to develop stratospheric models with
computers.
-73-
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28-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
A SECOND STRATOSPHERIC RESEARCH BALLOON. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53. (34): 26 (25 August 1975)
The National Center for Atmospheric Research has launched and recovered
its second balloon sent up to look for chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere;
data are being analyzed.
Data collected by cryogenic samplers in the first balloon showed chlorofluoro-
carbons in the stratosphere that were evidently being broken down to chlorine
atoms.
28-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
SCORER: OZONE THEORY IS 'UTTER NONSENSE'
Aerosol Age 20 (8): 23, 43 (1975)
The noted British Scientist, Dr. Richard S. Scorer, offers as his reasons
for discounting the ozone theory: the inaccurate representation of the
chemical reactions in the stratosphere via the computer model for the
Rowland/Molina Theory; the fact that the ozone layer is not constant but
varies from season to season, from day to night, and is ever being
destroyed or created via natural processes; that the atmosphere receives
much of its chlorine from volcanic eruptions, refuse burning, and other
causes; that nature's checks and balances may help create more ozone; that
potential health effects from decreased ozone are comparatively slight
compared to other dangers to humans, etc.
-74-
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28-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FDA OPENS AEROSOL INQUIRY
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 51. (8): 22 (1975)
Preparing for the possibility that fluorocarbons will be proved to be ozone
depleters, FDA has ordered all manufacturers of drug products using fluoro-
carbon propellents to submit detailed formulations, production amounts and
other information to the agency.
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HALOETHERS
See also: 28-0024, General Information
-76-
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28-0013
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Squires, Arthur M. et al
FLASH HYDROGENATION OF A BITUMINOUS COAL
Science 189; 793-5 (5 September 1975)
Based on previous work by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on rapid noncatalytic
hydrogenation of various coals at short gas residence times, which provided
a high liquid yield, Illinois coal was flash heated (to 700°C in 1 sec)
in flowing hydrogen at 100 atmospheres. The process converted 7% of the
carbon in the coal to methane, 7% to ethane, and 10% to benzene, toluene,
and xylenes.
28-0014
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Klass, Donald L.
SYNTHETIC CRUDE OIL FROM SHALE AND COAL
Chemtech, pp. 499-510 (August 1975)
A review of the different processes under development for the liquefaction
of coal and oil shale and the problems involved in these processes. Because
each ton of shale oil processed provides less than a barrel of oil, a huge
solids disposal problem is faced. Spent shale lacks the necessary composi-
tion that would make it a good fill for growing vegetation.
The low hydrogen content of coal makes it less attractive than shale for
commercialization, but there is less of a disposal problem associated with
the liquefaction of coal.
-77-
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28-0015
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Gutierrez, Luis T. and Fey, Willard R.
FEEDBACK DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY SUCCESSIONAL TRANSIENTS IN ECOSYSTEMS
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7J_(7): 2733-7 (1975)
Based on Odum's tabular model of ecological succession, a theoretical
dynamic model of the mutual causalities among abiotic and biotic matter
and species diversity as they interact to produce secondary succession
in ecological systems is proposed and validated.
-78-
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28-0016
PHTHALATES
Moffitt, A.E. et al
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND DIMETHYL
TEREPHTHALATE
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36^ (8): 633-41 (1975)
A radiotracer study indicated that terephthalic acid and dimethyl tereph-
thalate were rapidly absorbed and excreted by rabbits and rats to which
the two compounds were administered orally and in other ways. There was
no evidence of tissue retention of the compounds. Combined with
earlier reports of low acute and chronic toxicity of these compounds, it
appears that they do not represent a significant industrial health hazard.
Workers should, however, avoid excessive or prolonged contact with either
chemical.
A table presents physical and chemical properties of the two compounds,
which find a large use in the production of linear crystalline polyester
resins.
-79-
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28-0017
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ASPECTS OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (34): 10 (25 August 1975)
MCA has asked NCI to cooperate in long-term inhalation studies of trichloro-
ethylene to aid in assessing its occupational health effects, Study is
sponsored by six industrial firms.
-80-
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28-0018
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
PRETREATMENT PERMITS REFINING OF SHALE OIL
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (35): 25 (1 September 1975)
Metallic elements and other contaminants present in raw shale oil necessitate
its pretreatment before refining. Coking and hydrotreating have been used to
remove impurities. Although nitrogen can be removed by severe hydrotreating,
arsenic must be removed before hydrotreating to prevent catalyst poisoning,
Irradiation with ultraviolet light or treatment with metal oxides will remove
the arsenic. Also, Arco now offers for licensing a process using caustic
washes that reputedly reduces arsenic content from 40 ppm to 10 ppm.
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See: 28-0014, Liquefaction and Gasification of Coal
-81-
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28-0019
VINYL CHLORIDE
Greek, Bruce F.
ETHYLENE BEGINS VIGOROUS RECOVERY
Chem. Eng. News S3 (35) : 8-10 (1 September 1975)
A 9% rise in ethylene production in June 1975 presages a continuing rise
through the rest of the year, with estimates of more than 2 billion Ib.
given for December 1975 production. Capacity expansions are planned for
the next three years. One reason for optimism is the upsurge in derivatives
production. Vinyl chloride production began to rise again in March with an
upswing in the housing industry promoting the need for more polyvinyl chloride.
28-0020
VINYL CHLORIDE
Richards, R.J. et al
BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF PVC DUST
Nature 256; 664-5 (21 August 1975)
Unlike silica and asbestos, the literature reveals a lack of detailed
biological or biochemical information on PVC dust, either inhaled or
ingested, and on its reactivity.
In the tests reported here, PVC dusts showed a high hemolytic potential,
which was reduced when a soluble, surface associated agent was washed off.
Samples of PVC tested contained only immeasurable amounts of VCM.
-82-
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28-0021
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
B.F. GOODRICH DEVELOPS CONTINUOUS STRIPPING PROCESS FOR PVC RESINS
Chem. Week 117. (10): 39 (3 September 1975)
B.F. Goodrich's new system for stripping vinyl chloride from PVC resins
should be installed in all BFG plants by 1 Jan. 1976; it has been licensed
to some other PVC manufacturers. Apparently, the method will yield PVC
resins that will keep VCM emissions below anticipated EPA regulations.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See also: 28-0024, General Information
-83-
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28-0022
GENERAL INFORMATION
Shea, Kevin P. and Lindler, Bert
PANDORA AND THE STORAGE TANK
Environment 17_ (6): 12-5 (September 1975)
In 1971 over 60 horses in central and eastern Missouri died from an unknown
disease, which also hospitalized a child, made several people ill, and
killed dozens of pet cats and dogs and hundreds of birds. Three years later
the epidemic was traced to a tank of industrial waste residues containing
the very toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a by-product of
certain industrial and agricultural chemicals. A year earlier, TCDD was
identified as a contaminant of 2,4,5-T, a herbicide used in Vietnam. TCDD
is easily absorbed through the skin. Animals exposed to it suffer liver
and blood vessel damage, chloracne, gastric ulcers, and loss of appetite. In
the ppb range it induces birth defects in animals. In humans, TCDD is
excreted slowly and may accumulate in the body. TCDD has a half-life in soil
of about one year. The Missouri epidemic occurred after "still residues" from
the production of trichlorophenol in a Verona, Missouri, plant, which were
hauled away by a waste collection company,were sprayed at a stable. Five days
later, birds were found dead and two horses became ill. Six months later,
newly exposed horses also became ill. Some horses died; others survived, but
were later unable to breed. PCBs were detected in the soil but the child
affected by the disease did not show elevated levels of PCBs. Later, 32 to
33 ppm of TCDD was detected in soil samples. Contaminated soil was removed
and no further incidents were reported. The problem now is how to dispose of
4,300 gallons of still residues remaining in a tank at Verona. Another concern
is the unregulated sale of PCB-containing wastes by the same waste collection
agency. Although less toxic than TCDD, the PCBs are poisonous, manifesting
symptoms similar to those caused by TCDD.
28-0023
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HAS AVAILABLE. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53 (35): 7 (1 September 1975)
The Dry Color Manufacturers Association last June advised NIOSH that chromate
pigment production may be a potential cancer source.
-84-
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28-0024
GENERAL INFORMATION
Long, Janice R.
OSHA PUSHES AHEAD ON HEALTH STANDARDS
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (35): 12-3 (1 September 1975)
In spite of a slow start — only 15 new health standards in 4.5 years — OSHA
now seems to have surmounted various problems. First action on its planned
program to update standards for 400 chemicals came with the recent publication
of proposed standards for five ketones; before 30 Sept. OSHA plans to publish
at least 10 proposed standards.
The 15 new health standards established regulate worker exposure to 13
carcinogens, including bis-chloromethyl ether, ethyleneimine, asbestos, and
vinyl chloride.
Typical problems faced by OSHA are described briefly.
28-0025
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
HEW ASKS EPA TO CONSIDER VOIDING GE'S DISCHARGE PERMIT BECAUSE OF PCBs
Environ. Health Lett. 14. (17): 1-2 (1 September 1975)
HEW and the N.Y. State Environmental and Conservation Dept. have asked EPA to
reconsider GE's permit to discharge PCBs in the Hudson River and Lake Champlain.
According to an unpublished report, one grade of PCB at levels of 100 ppm may
have caused malignant liver tumors in rats. Monkeys exposed to only 2.5 and
5 ppm have lost hair and weight, have developed acneform lesions and pregnancy
problems.
EPA is currently reviewing the carcinogenic potential of PCBs, has asked
industry for test data on the chemical properties and potential bioactivity of
PCB substitutes, and is conducting other studies.
-85-
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28-0026
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PESTICIDE PLANT FINED
Chem. Week 117 (9): 14 (27 August 1975)
After high levels of the pesticide, Kepone, were detected in the blood of
workers, OSHA fined Life Science Products $16,500 for four violations of
protective safety measures at its plant in Hopewell, Va. EPA and OSHA will
inspect Allied Chemical's Union Texas Petroleum plant in Baltimore where
Kepone is used in preparing formulations for export. EPA will also inspect
Life Science Products' plant because wastes from the plant show concentrations
of 500-600 ppb of Kepone; the established limit is only 100 ppb.
28-0027
GENERAL INFORMATION
Morgan, Karl Z.
SUGGESTED REDUCTION OF PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE TO PLUTONIUM AND OTHER
TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36_ (8): 567-75 (1975)
Reviews the development of the current value of maximum permissible body
burden of Pu-239 and discusses possible changes in the permissible exposure
level. It is suggested that the linear hypothesis may not be conservative
enough at low dose rates, especially for the actinide elements.
More research needs to be done on the particle problem before setting a
satisfactory maximum permissible body burden for Pu-239 based on the lung
as the critical organ. A reduction of the current maximum body burden based
on bone is suggested.
-86-
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28-0028
GENERAL INFORMATION
Deinzer, M. et al
TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER; THEIR CONCENTRATION BY
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Water Res. £: 799-805 (1975)
Before determining the potential health hazards of the many toxic organic
chemicals that find their way into drinking water, it is necessary to
determine accurately their concentration levels in the water. Reported here
are the results of such studies using a reverse osmosis unit with a cellulose
acetate membrane. Reverse osmosis can be used for measuring contaminant
concentrations in large volumes of water and for detecting hydrocarbons,
phthalates, chlorinated compounds, polyethers and other chemical classes.
28-0029
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gillespie, D.M. et al
A KINETIC MODEL FOR STATIC BIOASSAY OF INSECTICIDES
Water Res. £: 817-9 (1975)
Although static bioassays, used to evaluate the effects of toxins in aquatic
environment, are not too reliable, a mathematical model is described that
permits more accurate estimation of dosage from which toxicity indicators
can be derived. The model was tested with DDT as toxin and stoneflies
as assay organisms.
-87-
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29-0001
ASBESTOS
Sincock, Andrew and Seabright, Marina
INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME CHANGES IN CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY EXPOSURE TO
ASBESTOS FIBRES
Nature 257 (2251): 56-8 (4 September 1975)
Cultured Chinese hamster cells were exposed for 48 hours and for 5 days at a
concentration of 0.01 mg ml~l to four different dusts — chrysotile asbestos,
crocidolite asbestos, glassfiber and glass powder. A table summarizing the
results indicates that karyotypic alterations occurred primarily in those
cells exposed to asbestos. Except for cells exposed for 5 days, to the
chrysotile fibers, the longer exposure period did not significantly change
the results of the 48 hour exposure. The multiple abnormalities produced at
the chromatid and chromosomal levels of the test cells by asbestos fibers
could lead to an in vitvo screening test for asbestos and other carcinogens.
29-0002
ASBESTOS
Anon
UNION BLAMES NAVY FOR CANCER OUTBREAK AMONG SHIPYARD WORKERS
Chem. Week 117 (11): 14 (10 September 1975)
The AFL-CIO claims that failure of the Navy to provide proper protective
equipment for shipyard workers has led to an increased incidence of cancer
among the workers. Some 500,000 individuals could develop various cancers
from inhalation of solvents, paints, lead chromates, and asbestos.
-88-
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BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
See: 29-0004, Benzidine
-89-
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29-0003
BENZIDINE
Anon
BENZENE RINGS AND THE BLADDER
Lancet .2 (7931) : 402 (30 August 1975)
Britain's Dept. of Health has recently resumed its tracing of former rubber
and cable workers whose exposure to g-naphthylamine makes them susceptible
to bladder cancer.
Mention is made of a short report by C.G.C. Caches [Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 68;
525 (1975)], who discusses the effects on bladder of some aromatic compounds,
citing two nonmalignant cases from exposure to y-benzene hexachloride (in a
lindane fluid) and to pentachlorophenol. He points to the chemical structure
similarity between phenyl phenol and naphthylamines, xenylamine, and benzidine,
all known carcinogenic agent precursors.
29-0004
BENZIDINE
Rail, David P.
RESEARCHING HEALTH HAZARDS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 67_ (8): 447-8 (August 1975)
The urgent need for studies on the potential hazards of industrial chemicals
and the development of systematic toxicity tests are stressed. The U.S.
currently manufactures some 10,000 chemicals to which between 500 and 1,000
new products are added yearly.
Briefly reviewed are instances of past hazards — illnesses and deaths of
animals in Michigan that were fed feedstock contaminated with brominated
biphenyls; the VCM problem; the discovery that bischloromethyl ether, used
in polymerization, is a potential bronchogenic carcinogen at 0.10 ppm; and
the presence in river waters of haloethers, the byproducts of ethylene man-
ufacture. The sudden peak to about 80 million Ib/year in 1970 of the PCB's
and to about 1 billion Ib/year of phthalic acid esters recently demonstrates
the difficulty in predicting production increases or new uses.
-90-
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29-0005
FLAME RETARDANTS
Slysh, Roman
FLAME-RETARDANT COATINGS FOR PLASTICS
J. Paint Technol. 47. (607): 31-6 (August 1975)
Plastics made flame-resistant by the incorporation of flame-retardant additives
have certain disadvantages, including the generation of smoke and toxic gases,
which have been considered the cause of fatalities following fires.
To counteract this effect, plastics were treated with an intumescent coating,
a coating that bubbles and foams at high temperatures forming a multicellular
insulating layer. Tests described in this paper indicate that such coatings at a
thickness of 5 mils do reduce flame spread and smoke generation of plastics
that melt above 170-180°C. Thicker coatings may work on plastics with melting
points below 170°C. Formulas are given for typical latex-based and organic-
based intumescent coatings, and reaction mechanism is discussed.
29-0006
FLAME RETARDANTS
Simpson, Harold N. and Phelps, Mary A.
HOW GLYCERINE, HAND LOTIONS AND BABY OIL AFFECT FIRE RETARDANT FABRICS
Am. Dyest. Rep. 64. (8): 69-70 (1975)
The use of three common household items — glycerine, hand lotions, and baby
oil — can contaminate fire-retardant fabrics used for children's sleepwear,
thus introducing a new hazard. The results of flammability tests are tabulated
for cotton flannelette, nylon, and polyester fire retardant acetate tricot, after
these materials had been contaminated with hand lotions and baby oil.
-91-
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29-0007
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
ATOMIC OXYGEN/AEROSOLS
Environ. Rept. 6^ (9): 72 (8 September 1975)
A 111-page report (NASA CR-2529) reviews chemical reactions possible in the
stratosphere that may cause ozone depletion; discusses possible recombinations
of atomic oxygen. Report is available at $5.25 fron NTIS, U.S. Dept. Commerce,
Springfield, Va. 22161 or through NASA/contractor channels.
29-0008
FLUOROCARBONS
Hester, Norman E. et al
FLUOROCARBON AIR POLLUTANTS
MEASUREMENTS IN LOWER STRATOSPHERE
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (9): 875-6 (1975)
Air samples collected in lower stratosphere (21,000, 40,000, and 60,000 ft)
indicate that measured concentrations of fluorocarbon 11 and fluorocarbon 12
agree, in general, with the concentrations predicted by the Cicerone model.
When compared with 1973 data, the new measurements reflect a trend toward
increasing concentration levels, as anticipated from increased fluorocarbon
production and release.
-92-
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29-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
FLUOROCARBONS' ROLE IN OZONE DEPLETION THEORY RECEIVES ADDITIONAL DEBATE
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (9), 961 (1975)
Dr. R.L. McCarthy, director of Du Font's "Freon" Products Laboratory, questions
the reported confirmation of ozone depletion in the stratosphere from fluoro-
carbons, based on measurements of fluorocarbons in the stratosphere announced
by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.
McCarthy does not deny the presence of stratospheric fluorocarbons, but argues
for studies to determine if the chlorine/ozone chain reactions in the strato-
sphere are similar to or different from those conducted in lab experiments.
-93-
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HALOETHERS
See: 29-0004, Benzidine
-94-
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29-0010
HYDRAZINE
Fairchild, M.D. and Sterman, M.B.
UNILATERAL SENSORY-MOTOR-RHYTHM (SMR) TRAINING IN CATS: A BASIS FOR TESTING
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE (MMH)
California Univ. Los Angeles School of Medicine, Final rep., 1 April 1972-
31 March 1973, Contract F33615-72-C-1855. Rep. AMRL-TR-73-123 (July 1974).
(AD-A011 578/2GA).
Cats were trained to produce sensory-motor-rhythm (SMR) in one brain hemisphere
and to suppress it in the contralateral hemisphere. Rewarding brain stimulation
was delivered automatically to the lateral hypothalamus when trains of SMR of
specified duration and amplitude appeared only in the trained hemisphere. Evoked
potentials induced bilaterally in the sensory-motor cortex by stimulation of
radiations from the nucleus ventralis posteriolateralis of the thalamus were
photographed and measured prior to, during, and following training. Unilateral
SMR production could be achieved, but this training procedure had no systematic
effect on thalamocortical evoked potentials; although changes unique to each of
the three animals tested occurred more frequently in the trained hemisphere.
[Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements 7^5 (17): 51(22 August 1975)]
29-0011
HYDRAZINE
George, Marilyn E.
EFFECTS OF MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE ON RED BLOOD CELL METABOLISM
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio, Tech. Rep.
AMRL-TR-74-87 (March 1975). (AD-A011 548/5GA)
Monomethylhydrazine is used in various Air Force propellant systems. Chronic
exposure to low concentrations of this compound results in an anemia characterized
by methemoglobinemia, decreased levels of reduced glutathione and Heinz body
formation. The study reported here was designed to determine if Heinz body
formation was the principal mechanism of the red cell destruction or if MMH also
had effects on the glycolytic pathways and/or red cell membranes which would
contribute to the hemolytic mechanism. Human red cells were exposed in vitro
to three levels of MMH for two, four, or six hours. Glucose utilization, lactate
production and ATP levels were measured to determine effects on glucose metabol-
ism; and osmotic fragilities, red cell potassium concentration, and malonyl-
dialdehyde levels were measured to assess membrane effects.
[Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (17): 50 (22 August 1975)]
-95-
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29-00.12
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Moore, Peter D.
CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX IN ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS
Nature 257 (5522): 90 (U September 1975)
Recent studies of carbon dioxide flux between soil, vegetation, and the atmos-
phere have shed additional light on the arctic terrestial biome. Additionally
the studies indicate the potential usefulness of carbon dioxide flux as a
means of approaching gross ecosystem energetics.
-96-
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NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 29-0003, Benzidine
-97-
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29-0013
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Billing, Wendell, L. et al
EVAPORATION RATES AND REACTIVITIES OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE, CHLOROFORM,
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, TRICHLOROETHYLENE, TETRACHLOROETHYLENE, AND
OTHER CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (9): 833-8 (1975)
To determine the potential persistence of various chlorinated compounds in
water, the authors studied the title compounds for their rate of evaporation,
adsorption on soils, and the chemical reactions of hydrolysis and oxidation.
They also determined the evaporation rates from water of 22 other chlorinated
compounds. All compounds were tested at the level of 1 ppm in water under
ambient conditions. The title compounds evaporated rapidly from slowly stirred
water in the presence of natural or added contaminants, evaporating to 50% in
less than 30 min. and to 90% in less than 90 min. Slower evaporation of the
other 22 compounds indicates that, in general, a higher molecular weight slows
the evaporation process. Therefore, at 1-ppm levels, low-molecular weight
chlorinated compounds should not persist in natural waters.. Hydrolytic-
oxidation reaction half-lives for the title compounds were ^6-18 months.
-98-
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PHTHALATES
See: 29-0004, Benzidine
-99-
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29-0014
POLYURETHANES
Anon
POLYURETHANES HAVE RESISTED THE RECESSION. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53 (37): 10 (15 September 1975)
Although flexible polyurethane foams showed a demand drop of 8-10%, in the
first six months of 1975, rigid foams showed a slight rise in demand,
according to a report from Peter Sherwood Associates, NYC. Demand for poly-
urethanes should accelerate to end of the 1970's. Annual growth rates
predicted for 1974-1980: flexibles, 11.8%; rigids, 15.6%; and noncellular
elastomers, 22.5%.
-100-
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29-0015
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
ADDING TO VCM FUROR
Chem. Week 117 (11): 16 (10 September 1975)
With 60 days from 3 Sept. 1975 to respond to FDA's proposed regulation banning
use of semirigid and rigid PVC in food-contact packagings, manufacturers are
optimistic about proving lack of migration of VCM from PVC bottles and sheets.
Goodrich Chemical, for one, has announced a new stripping technique for making
PVC resins with less than 1 ppm VCM. On the other hand, the Health Research
Group believes industry will not succeed in changing FDA's position because
under the Delaney amendment food packaging materials should contain no VCM.
Current detection methods permit detection of 0.1 ppb.
29-0016
VINYL CHLORIDE
Purchase, I.F.H. et al
CHROMOSOMAL AND DOMINANT LETHAL EFFECTS OF VINYL CHLORIDE
Lancet 2. (7931): 410-1 (30 August 1975)
To determine the potential mutagenicity of VCM in men and animals, studies were
made of 86 workers, 56 of whom had been exposed to VCM. Lymphocyte cultures
showed a. significant increased (P<;0.05) percentage of B, Cu, and Cs cells in
the exposed workers, confirming earlier reports that VC causes chromosomal
aberrations in humans.
However, in a dominant lethal study using mice, the results indicated that even
at levels of 30,000 ppm VCM does not produce dominant lethal mutations. Apparently,
the active metabolites of vinyl chloride do not reach the testis.
-101-
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29-0017
VINYL CHLORIDE
Rawls, Rebecca L.
PVC MAKERS CONFIDENT ON FOOD-CONTACT USES
Chem. Eng. News 5J3 (37): 11-12 (15 September 1975)
Even If FDA bans the use of PVC food bottles and PVC blister packages for
foods, the ruling will affect less than 1% of total U.S. capacity for PVC.
Currently, about 50 million Ibs of PVC goes into such products. Other
permitted food related uses consume about 250 million Ib/year of PVC and PVC
water pipes use over 400 million Ibs/year.
29-0018
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
STUDY INDICATES POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN VINYL CHLORIDE AND HEART DISEASE
Chem. Week 1.17 (12): 36 (17 September 1975)
Preliminary studies indicate that vinyl chloride may cause heart and cardio-
vascular diseases. The 28 heart-related deaths found in a study of 771 workers
at the KemaNord plant in Stockvik, Sweden, is considered excessive; 18 such
deaths might have been anticipated. Additional studies are planned, however.
Although the reported study covered the years 1944 to 1973, it involved workers
employed for less than 3 years, was conducted in an area with a normally high
rate of heart deaths, and include some Finnish workers.
-102-
-------
29-0019
VINYL CHLORIDE
Kappus, H. et al
RAT LIVER MICROSOMES CATALYSE COVALENT BINDING OF ^C-VINYL CHLORIDE TO
MACROMOLECULES
Nature 257 (5522) : 134-5 (11 September 1975)
This study with rat liver microsomes confirms earlier studies in bacterial test
systems that vinyl chloride (and also vinylidene chloride) are mutagenic, but
only so in the presence of rat liver microsomes that form the mutagenic
metabolite. Tabulated data shows the need for NADPH-regenerating system in the
covalent binding of VC metabolites to rat liver microsomes, and shows that VC
metabolites can be bound to albumin and to RNA.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 29-0004, Benzidine
-103-
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VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
See: 29-0019, Vinyl Chloride
-104-
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29-0020
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
TRACE KEPONE TO KIN
Chem. WeekJLl? (11): 18 (10 September 1975)
Ten relatives of 12 workers at Life Science Products plant in Hopewell, Va.,
were found to have from 0.1-0.8 ppm of the pesticide, Kepone, in their blood.
A 2 ppm level is considered acute. Workers may have carried Kepone dust on their
clothing.
Lab studies of tests of 119 of 149 former and present employees continue. Kepone
handlers at Allied Chemical's Hopewell plant will be tested and plans now include
testing of some 200 Hopewell households to determine potential community
exposure.
29-0021
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PCB HAZARD
Environ. Rep. 6. (9): 65-6 (8 September 1975)
Detection of excessively high levels of PCB's in Lake Michigan fish, as well
as in fish in the Hudson River, adds impetus to the growing concern among EPA
officials and others for the need of a drinking water standard for PCB's.
-105-
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29-0022
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PCP IN HUMANS
Environ. Rep. 6. (9): 66 (8 September 1975)
Low amounts of pentachlorophenol (PCP) have been found in the urine of
students at Florida State University, Tallahassee. In addition, up to
70 ppb of PCP were found in seminal fluid. The latter portends potential
birth defects and genital cancers, since PCP, which is found in various
herbicides, has caused mutations in lab experiments. Residues of PCP
averaging 10 ppm have been found in food and paper products found in
Tallahassee supermarkets.
29-0023
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PESTICIDE CITED AS POSSIBLE CARCINOGEN
Environ. Rep. 6. (9): 67 (8 September 1975)
EPA researchers warn that Atrazine, a widely-used pesticide, could be changed
into a cancer-causing chemical in the human stomach. Atrazine reacts with
nitrite yielding N-nitrosatrazine, a potential carcinogen.
Basis for concern: Atrazine has been detected in Iowa and Illinois drinking
water supplies. Some meat preservatives contain nitrite compounds.
-106-
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29-0024
GENERAL INFORMATION
Martell, James M. et al
PCB's IN SUBURBAN WATERSHED, RESTON, Va.
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (9): 872-6 (1975)
Detection of PCB's in Lake Anne, Reston, Va., confirms the theory the PCB's
tend to spread and persist in water. Because Reston has no industrial or
sewage discharge, the PCB's evidently resulted from various sources connected
with the construction of waterfront property.
Tabulated data indicate about a 500-fold increase in PCB concentration from
water to bed sediment, and a 3000-fold increase from water to fish.
29-0025
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
THE SENATE HAS VOTED TO BAN FEEDING OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL TO ANIMALS. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (37): 10 (15'September 1975)
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a growth stimulant, has caused cancer in small
test animals. Thus, Senate bill S. 963 prohibits its being given to
animals that will be used as food, unless HEW determines that DES is safe
for humans. Also, use of DES as a morning-after contraceptive has been
limited to medical emergency cases, and the label must carry a potential
cancer warning. Bill S.963 must pass the House, however, before becoming a
law.
-107-
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29-0026
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
LETHAL GASES HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATHS OF 12 NON-COAL MINERS IN RECENT MONTHS
Occup. Health Saf. Lett. 5. (16): 7 (22 August 1975)
The deaths of 12 non-coal miners in recent months has prompted the Mining
Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) to order mine safety personnel
to increase precautionary measures and to publicize the hazards of toxic and
explosive gases found or used in mining operations.
29-0027
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
NIOSH REPORT BRINGS TOGETHER STUDIES ON MORTALITY PATTERNS IN STEEL INDUSTRY
Occup. Health Saf. Lett. 5. (16): 7-8 (22 August 1975)
A recent NIOSH report, "Comparative Cause-Specific Mortality Patterns by Work
Area Within the Steel INdustry," reports on the analysisfof mortality patterns
in more than 58,000 Alleghany County, Pa., steel workers in 1953. An excessive
death rate from lung cancer was noted among coke oven workers, but 26 other
causes of death are tabulated. Factors other than the work environment may
have contributed to the mortality differences reported.
-108-
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30-0001
ASBESTOS
Codding, C.N. and Cross, Frank L., Jr.
ASBESTOS
Pollut. Eng. I (9): 103 (1975)
Brief summary to provide answers to specific control problems touches upon
typical sources of asbestos, its contamination effects, allowable concen-
trations, testing methods for the work environment, and control methods and
equipment.
30-0002
ASBESTOS
Haley, Thomas J.
ASBESTOSIS: A REASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL PROBLEM
J. Pharm. Sci. 64 (9): 1435-49 (1975)
With world production of four types of asbestos (amosite, anthophyllite,
chrysotile, and crocidolite) at 3 million tons/year and with the increasing
exposure of humans to asbestos fibers in air and in drinking water, this
reassessment of asbestosis is timely. The review is based on the litera-
ture published primarily from 1961 through 1974 (includes one 1946 and one
1958 reference), and covers the following topics: sources and uses, analytical
chemistry, biochemical aspects, industrial hygiene aspects, animal toxicology
and carcinogenesis and human toxicology and carcinogenesis from various
sources of exposure. It is concluded that greater attention should be given
to analytical chemistry, particle size, and epidemiology, and that studies
should be made on the effects resulting from the ingestion of various forms
of asbestos fibers.
-109-
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30-0003
ASBESTOS
Klosterkotter, Werner and Robock, Klaus
NEW ASPECTS ON DUST AND PNEUMOCONIOSIS RESEARCH
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36. (9): 659-68 (1975)
Pneumoconiosis occurs in miners and other workers exposed to the dusts
resulting from the processing and treatment of raw materials. The effects of
silica dioxide, coal dust, and asbestos and the mechanisms involved in their
effects on lungs are discussed. It is suggested that electron transfer
reactions may be harmful mechanism for silica dioxide. Although asbestos can
also be considered a semiconductor in the physical sense, its different electron
structure and other factors seem to indicate that the specific pathogenicity
of asbestos dust is due primarily to specific properties of the fibers them-
selves.
-110-
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30-0004
BENZIDINE
Prokofeva, O.G.
INDUCTION OF HEPATIC TUMORS IN MICE BY BENZIDINE
EPA-TR-118-74, Translation of Voprosy Onkologii (USSR) 17 (5): 61-4 (1971)
Studies were performed on mice of the C3HA line which were sensitive to
hepatotropic cancerogens. According to reports of several authors, the
spontaneous development of hepatomas was observed in 1% at the most of
C3HA mice. A comparison of the present studies with the indices of tumors
developing spontaneously in mice of the C3HA line reveals the clearly
expressed hepatotropic action of benzidine.
[Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements .74. (4) : 27-8 (21 February 1975) ]
-111-
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30-0005
BORON
Neuner, Terry E. et al
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF BORON IN BORONATED FERTILIZERS
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58. (5): 920-2 (1975)
This modification of the Picket et al method [J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54:
796-800 (1971)] to analyze acid-soluble boron in fertilizers is shown to be
inexpensive, convenient, and accurate for detection limits of 1 ppm. For the
measurements described the Perkin-Elmer Model 403 atomic absorption instrument
was used but any instrument with suitable capabilities can be used since the
emission maximum is broad (half-intensity ca 8 nm).
-112-
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30-0006
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Lee, Ki P. et al
OCTABROMOBIPHENYL-INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RAT LIVER
Arch. Environ. Health 30 (9): 465-71 (1975)
The flame retardant composed of hepta-, octa-, nona-, and decabromobiphenyls
(OBB), although an effective agent for flame resisting synthetic fibers, was
dropped by Du Pont, when it was found to cause liver damage in rats fed the
compound at 100 and 1000 ppm. The ultrastructure and morphogenesis of the
resulting hepatocellular changes were studied via light microscopy and electron
microscopy and the results are described here.
-113-
-------
30-0007
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Fehringer, Norbert V.
DETERMINATION OF POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58. (5): 978-82 (1975)
The accidental deaths of dairy herds given feed contaminated with PBBs
emphasizes the need for detecting PBBs in dairy products. Described are
several gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analyses that serve that purpose,
plus a gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) cleanup procedure, and a thin
layer chromatographic (TLC) confirmation procedure.
-114-
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30-0008'
BROMINATED BIPHENYLS
Babish, John G. et al
POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS: TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECT ON HEPATIC MICRO-
SOMAL ENZYMES IN JAPANESE QUAIL
J. Agric. Food Chem. 13 (5): 879-82 (September/October 1975)
Japanese quail ate a semi-purified soybean protein-cornstarch diet containing
from 0 to 100 ppm polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) but would not eat the food
containing 1000 ppm. In tests conducted over a 9-week period, the PBB diet
did not cause loss of appetite or retard growth. Egg production was not
affected by diets containing 10 or 20 ppm PBB, but at 100 ppm egg production
was reduced to 17% versus 68% in the controls and no eggs were hatched. Four
liver microsomal enzymes were induced by the PBB diets, but no post-mortem
gross or microscopic lesions were observed. Quail fed diets containing 500 ppm
PBB died within a few days.
-115-
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30-0009
DIOXANE
Obremski, Robert J.
DIOXANE
Pollut. Eng. 7_ (9): 22 (1975)
Used as a solvent in lacquers, paints, dyes, and in some plastic and chemical
manufacturing plants, 1,4-dioxane is a toxic chemical which should be kept
out of the plant atmosphere. Dangerous both from acute and repeated exposures,
inhalation of dioxane can cause intoxication and death. One death was reported
from exposure over several days to 470 ppm of the compound, which produced
bronchopneumonia, and damaged the CNS, the liver and the kidney, leading to
the death. The ACGIH 8-hr weighted average threshold limit value for.dioxane
is 50 ppm. Dioxane is also flammable and may explode in concentrations of 2 to
22%/volume of air. Infrared spectrophotometry, mass spectrophotometry and
gas chromatography can be used to detect its presence.
-116-
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30-0010
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
FOR CHEMICALS AND ADDITIVES A NEW SPLASH IN R & D
Mod. Plast. 52_ (9): 41-58 (1975)
Despite declining use of chemicals and additives in 1975, R & D developments
are prolific. This review covers market performance and new products in the
fields of additive lubricants, antioxidants, flame retardants, plasticizers,
UV stabilizers, etc. For flame retardants, a slow 1975, due in part to large
inventories, should give way to an improving market in 1976 and later.
Plastic TV cabinets use 3000 to 4000 tons of FR chemicals, but intumescent
coatings on the interior of TV cabinets may cut into this market. New FR
compounds continue to use bromine, phosphorus, and antimony oxide. A market
slump for UV stabilizers in the first half of 1975 now shows signs of picking
up. New products include several from Borg-Warner that combine the synergistic
effect of phosphites with stabilizers.
30-0011
FLAME RETARDANTS
Lehmann, Edward J.
FIRE RESISTANT FIBERS AND TEXTILES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
NTIS/PS-74/111
This bibliography contains 124 selected abstracts of research reports
retrieved using the NTIS on-line search system—NTISearch. The cited reports
cover the preparation and flammability of organic flame resistant fibers and
textiles. This includes flameproofing additives, flammability standards,
and new cellulosic synthetic resins.
[Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (2): 95 (24 January 1975)]
-117-
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FLAME RETARDANTS
See: 30-0006, Brominated Biphenyls
30-0007, Brominated Biphenyls
-118-
-------
30-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MORE PROPELLANTS HEAT
Chem. Week HI.(13): 18 (24 September 1975)
A NASA scientist offers the hypothesis that production of fluorocarbons at
their current level would promote a 2 ppb concentration in the atmosphere,
resulting in a 1.6°F rise in average worldwide temperature. This is above
the 0.09°F change in temperature needed to cause major changes in rainfall,
wind patterns, and ice cover.
30-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Stein, Lawrence
HALOCARBON PROPELLANTS (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (38): 74 (22 September 1975)
Halocarbons emit toxic thermal decomposition products when in contact with hot
electric heating elements or when sprayed near gas, oil or wood flames (in one
test, guinea pigs died in 5 to 15 minutes after exposure to gases formed when
Freons 11, 12, 22, 113, and 114 were sprayed near a lighted gas stove). Also,
it has been reported that metal parts in clothes driers are damaged by the
hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids resulting from the propellants in fabric
softeners and antistatic conditioners. These facts prompt the writer to
question the effects of fluorocarbons on the users and to urge a thorough study
of their potential pulmonary hazard.
-119-
-------
30-0014
FLUOROCARBONS
Booz, Charles S. Jr.
HALOCARBON PROPELLANTS (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 53^ (38): 74, 82 (22 September 1975)
Answering the question posed by Lawrence Stein (ibid, p.74), the writer
reports that Du Pont warned against using high fluorocarbon concentrations
near open flames but points out that the guinea pigs, mentioned by Stein,
were tested in an area that did not in the least resemble home conditions.
He mentions the tests conducted by Dr. Nancy Flowers and others that offer
reassurances that in normal use the concentrations of fluorocarbons are not
sufficiently high to pose any great human hazard. He also states that in a
Du Pont test with clothes driers an eventual malfunction was not attribu-
table to the fluorocarbon propellant.
30-0015
FLUOROCARBONS
Niazi, Sarfaraz and Chiou, Win L.
FLUOROCARBON AEROSOL PROPELLANTS VI: INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES IN
SOLUBILITIES IN BLOOD AND PLASMA AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS IN TOXICITY
STUDIES
J. Pharm. Sci. 64_ (9): 1538-41 (1975)
When extrapolating the results of the toxic effects of fluorocarbons from
animal studies to predict their toxicity in humans, the possibility of
interspecies differences may be a factor to be considered, perhaps making
the extrapolations less important. Interspecies differences in the absorp-
tion, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of 3 fluorocarbons (dichloro-
fluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and trichloromonofluoromethane),
which are gases at 37°, may be affected by parameters important for gaseous
anesthetics; e.g., the solubilities of the fluorocarbons in the blood and
plasma of different species. The variations in solubilities of the 3 propel-
lants in the blood (about fourfold) and in the plasma (more than 30-fold) of
humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice and the even greater differences in the
partitioning of the compounds between blood cells and plasma indicate that
significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of the fluorocarbons can be
expected and should be considered in the extrapolation of toxicity data.
-120-
-------
30-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Peng, Geoffrey W. and Chiou, Win L. (Letter to Editor)
FLUOROCARBON AEROSOL PROPELLANTS VII: INTERACTION STUDIES WITH HUMAN AND
BOVINE GLOBULINS USING PARTITION COEFFICIENT METHOD
J. Pharm. Sci. 64_ (9): 1577-8 (1975)
The interactions between fluorocarbons (trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloro-
difluoromethane, and dichlorotetrafluoroethane) and bovine y-globulin were
compared with the interactions of these compounds and human y-globulin, using
the partition coefficient method. The partition coefficients in the globulin
solutions were only slightly less than those in plain buffer solution, indi-
cating an insignificant degree of interaction.
30-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Schwartz, Herbert
BLAMES CHLOROFORM FOR OZONE DAMAGE (Letter to Editor)
Household and Pers. Prod. Ind. 12. (9): 8 (1975)
The writer suggests that chloroform, rather than aerosol propellants, may be
helping to deplete the ozone layer. Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons formed
during the chlorination of waste and drinking water evolve into the atmosphere
and into the ozone layer. The amount of chlorine used in water treatment
processes dwarfs the amount of Freon aerosol propellants used to date.
-121-
-------
30-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
DU PONT REVIEWS NBS FLUOROCARBON/OZONE FINDINGS
AIR/WATER Pollut. Rept. JL3_ (36): 357 (8 September 1975)
While arguing that the recent NBS study on the fluorocarbon/ozone controversy
offers no new information but actually casts doubt on the completeness of the
computer model used to predict ozone depletion, J.P. Jesson of Du Pont acknowl-
edges the importance of the finding by P.J. Ausloos and R.E. Rebbert of NBS
(See: CATS *28-0004) on the effect of temperature on the breakdown of fluoro-
carbons by ultraviolet light, which could change calculated vertical distribu-
tions of fluorocarbons.
30-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MORE TALK ON AEROSOLS
Chem. Week 117 (14): 16 (1 October 1975)
Public hearings were held in Madison, Wis., on a bill that proposes banning
sale of aerosols by 1980, leaving time for collecting more scientific data
on the fluorocarbon/ozone controversy. A Du Pont representative argued that
the bill could upset Wisconsin's economy; gross sales of fluorocarbon aerosols
in the state run about $45 million a year. The bill may be considered in a
special November legislative session.
F.J. Rowland and R.J. Cicerone appeared at the Wisconsin hearings and also
before the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. In Wisconsin,
Rowland reported that although the atmosphere can absorb only about 25,000 tons
of fluorocarbons/year, some 800,000 tons are reaching the atmosphere. Cicerone
urged the committee to regulate fluorocarbons 11, 12, 113, 114, and perhaps 21
and 22. He also cautioned about possible harmful effects on the stratosphere
of nitrous oxide from nitrogen-based fertilizers and the effects of other
chemicals.
-122-
-------
30-0020
FLUOROCARBONS
Howard, Philip H. and Durkin, Patrick R.
PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES,
SILICONES, FLUOROCARBONS, BENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLATES, AND CHLOROPHENOLS
Syracuse Univ., Research Corp., N.Y., Interim Rept. (November 1973) EPA/560/2-74-001,
EPA Contract 68-01-2202 (PB 238 074/9GA)
A literature search of pertinent information and data on chlorinated naphthalenes,
silicones, fluorocarbons, benzenepolycarboxylates, and chlorophenols was conducted
to determine any hazard to man or the environment from commercial use of these
chemicals. Information was gathered on physical and chemical properties, pro-
duction and usage, environmental contamination, monitoring and analysis, environ-
ment transport and fate, environmental effects, and toxicity.
[ [Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements 74_ (4): 78 (21 February 1975)]
-123-
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30-0021
ISOCYANATES
Anon
NEW ENGINEERING PLASTIC DEVELOPED BY DOW
Chem. Week 117 (13): 31 (24 September 1975)
Urethane molded parts up to six inches thick can now be produced by a process
developed at Dow Chemical Co. in which the thermoplastic can be cured in a
minute or less. The chemical components consist of a polyol, an isocyanate,
and a chemical that acts as a heat sink absorbing heat at the time of set.
Packaging Machinery Corp. is making the liquid-injection-molding equipment.
30-0022
ISOCYANATES
Smith, Wayne E. and La Shelle, John R.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM POLYURETHANE RESIN MANUFACTURE
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo., Final Rept. (October 1974)
EPA/650/2-74-107, EPA Contract 68-02-0228 (PB 237 420/5GA)
The report describes the characterization of air pollutant emissions from a
polyurethane resin manufacturing plant. Samples were taken before and after
the air pollution control device (scrubber). Analysis for toluene di-isocy-
anate (TDI) and amines was conducted both on site and on a delayed basis. The
sampling train included an impinger for colorimetric measurement of TDI.
Cryogenic traps and a tape sampler for TDI were also used for the scrubber
inlet samples. The outlet sampling manifold consisted of evacuated bulbs in
place of the cryogenic traps because of the high moisture content. TDI emissions
were found to be maximum in the first part of the resin formation reaction.
It appears there is no emissions hazard. The scrubber had negligible effect on
the TDI emissions.
[Abstr. in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (2): 115 (24 January 1975)]
-124-
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30-0023
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Hammond, Ogden and Zimmerman, Martin B.
THE ECONOMICS OF COAL-BASED SYNTHETIC GAS
Technol. Rev. 77. (8): 42-51 (July/August 1975)
Considerable work has been done on the technical feasibility and process
development for gasification of coal yet this product may prove to be to
costly. Factors affecting the costs have not been thoroughly investigated—
such as the quality of the coal which would influence fuel stock costs and
the location of the deposits would influence transportation costs. Also
process water requirements can prove to be very expensive. The benefits of
the heat pump, operated by electricity and modified for use in space heating
may prove to be the least expensive method.
30-0024
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
SUIT COOLS COAL PLANS
Chem. Week 117 (14): 13 (1 October 1975)
Coal mining operations of Federal lands under lease in the Northern Great Plains
region have been affected by the U.S. District Court's decision that environ-
mental impact statements will be required before the leases are granted. Exxon's
Carter Oil affiliate, and Shell Oil (Crow Indian Reservation) have suspended
operations as a result of the court's decision.
-125-
-------
30-0025
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Kalfadelis, C.D. and Magee, E.W.
EVALUATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL IN FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES.
GASIFICATION. SECTION I. SYNTHANE PROCESS.
Esso Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J., Final Rept. June 1974
Environmental Protection Technology Series GRU.4DJ74 EPA/650/2-74-009b,
EPA Contract 68-02-0629 (PB 237 113/6GA)
The report gives results of a review of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' Synthane Coal
Gasification Process from the standpoint of its potential for affecting the
environment. Where possible, it estimates the quantities of solid, liquid,
and gaseous effluents, as veil as the thermal efficiency of the process. It
proposes a number of possible process modifications or alternates, and points
out new technology needs.
(Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75. (2): 114 (24 January 1975)]
30-0026
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Ball, D., et al
STUDY OF POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND OPTIMUM OPPORTUNITIES IN RETROFITTING
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES TO LOW AND INTERMEDIATE ENERGY GAS FROM COAL
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio, Final Rept. May 1974, Environmental Protection
Technology Series EPA/650/2-74-052, EPA Contract 68-02-1323 (PB 237 116/9GA)
The report compiles background information, including environmental considera-
tions, on the potential for retrofitting existing industrial processes to the
use of low and intermediate energy gas from coal. Potential problems in retro-
fitting processes are analyzed. Processes where retrofit is most attractive are
identified, along with estimates of their annual energy requirements. Also,
current commercially available gasification systems and representative gas
cleanup systems are described and available data summarized.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75. (2): 114 (24 January 1975)]
-126-
-------
30-0027
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Shaw, H. and Magee, E.M.
EVALUATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL IN FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES.
GASIFICATION: SECTION 1. LURGI PROCESS.
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J., Final Rept. July 1974
GRU.5DJ.74 EPA/650/2-74-009-C, EPA Contract 68-0629 (PB 237 694/5GA)
A process analysis of the Lurgi Dry Ash Gasification Process for high Btu gas
was carried out. The process has been reviewed from the standpoint of its
potential for affecting the environment. The waste stream compositions were
calculated for a 250 MM scfd synthetic natural gas plant using a subbituminous
coal. Thus, the quantities of solid, liquid, and gaseous pollutants were
estimated, where possible. The thermal efficiency for various process alter-
natives was calculated. A number of process modifications which would reduce
pollution and/or increase thermal efficiency were suggested. The technology
needs to control pollution were assessed.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (3): 52 (7 February 1975)]
-127-
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30-0028
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Blau, G.E. et al
ECOKINETICS: A STUDY OF THE FATE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICALS IN LABORATORY
ECOSYSTEMS
AICHE J. 21_(5) : 854-61 (September 1975)
A laboratory scale ecosystem can be used to study different amounts and forms of
a chemical in the environment by the analysis of the kinetic transformation
within and between the different components of the model system. Samples are
collected at various times and information obtained on a sequence of concentrations
of the chemical and its metabolites as it moves through the system while observing
the kinetic behavior. These data can be used as a quantitative measure to assess
environmental impact.
30-0029
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Lu, Po-Yung et al
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND FATE OF HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE,
CHLORDENE, HEPTACHLOR, AND HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE IN A LABORATORY MODEL ECOSYSTEM
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2_3 (5): 967-73 (September/October 1975)
Results of a study on the distribution and degradation products in a model
ecosystem for chlordene, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide show that heptachlor
epoxide is highly stable in biological systems. The compounds were evaluated
in food chain organisms in two laboratory model ecosystems and in vitro by
sheep liver chromosomes.
-128-
-------
30-0030
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Yu, Ching-Chieh et al
FATE OF TRIAZINE HERBICIDE CYANAZINE IN A MODEL ECOSYSTEM
J. Agric. Food Chem. 23_ (5): 1014-15 (September/October 1975)
Carbon 14 labelled Cyanazine was used in a 35 day degradation study in a model
ecosystem. Radioactivity in the water increased steadily over the test period
indicating slow degradation of the triazine ring to carbon dioxide. However,
no evidence was found in the aquatic organisms to indicate that cyanazine
concentrates through the food chain.
30-0031
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Lacaze, Jean-Claude
MARINE MOLYSMOLOGY: THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL ECOSYSTEMS SET
UP IN THE RANGE RIVER ESTUARY. EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL
EPA-TR-86-75 November 1974 (EPA Translating Services Section) Trans, of
Academie des Sciences, Paris, Comptes Rendus (France) 278: 2531-34 (May 13, 1974)
(PB 237 777-T/GA)
Crude oil (Kuwait) discharged into experimental ecosystems resulted in a sharp
50% decrease in primary production the day after pollution. This began to
lessen the following day (25%) and disappeared on the third day. The fourth
day marked the onset of toxicity which gradually increased until primary pro-
duction was almost totally inhibited one week after pollution. This inhibition
phase lasted ten days. During the rest of the experimental period, the primary
production of the polluted ecosystems was approximately half that of the control
ecosystem.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (3): 40 (7 February 1975)]
-129-
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30-0032
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
(NTA)
Anon
NTA STILL ANOTHER REPORT
Household and Pers. Prod. Ind. 12. (9): 8 (1975)
HEW has issued a second final report from its NTA subcommittee. They feel
that the available evidence is indicative of a carcinogenic effect on the
urinary tract in both rats and mice. However, test dosages for rats was
400,000 times as great as human exposure would be.
-130-
-------
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
See: 30-0010, Flame Retardants
-131-
-------
30-0033
PHTHALATES
Piekacz, Hanna
THE EFFECT OF DIBUTYL- AND DIOCTYL-PHTHALATES ON RATS WITH ORAL FEEDING
DURING PROLONGED TESTING. PART I. APPLICATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
OF DIBUTYL- AND DIOCTYL-PHTHALATES
Trans, of Roczniki Panstwowego Zaklada Higieny (Poland) 22; 55-61 (1971)
The use of dibutyl- and dioctyl-phthalates Is discussed a propos of legislation
In various countries, as well as their toxicological properties. This study
serves as an introduction to research on hyperacute and extended toxicity of
both phthalates.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (3): 50 (7 February 1975)]
30-0034
PHTHALATES
Williams, David T. and Blanchfield, Burke J.
THE RETENTION, DISTRIBUTION, EXCRETION, AND METABOLISM OF DIBUTYL PHTHALATE-7~l4C
IN THE RAT
J. Agric. Food Chem. 23 (5): 854-8 (September/October 1975)
Dibutyl phthalate did not accumulate in the tissues or organs of rats fed for
12 weeks on one gram of compound/kilogram of feed. In a study using DBP-7- C,
93.5% of the radioactivity was excreted from the urine within 48 hours. Auto-
radiography revealed one major metabolite and three minor metabolites. No
gross pathological changes were evident in the tissues.
-132-
-------
POLYURETHANES
See: 30-0021, Isocyanates
-133-
-------
30-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NEW POLYESTER TAKES ON PVC IN PACKAGING
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (38): 6 (22 September 1975)
A new polyester material suitable for food packaging meets the CFR food
additive regulation 21, and has been accepted by the Dept of Agriculture
for packaging meat and poultry. The tradename for Eastman Chemicals new
product is Kodar, and it appears to have many advantages over rigid PVC
in blister packaging.
30-0036
VINYL CHLORIDE
Mack, W.A.
VCM REDUCTION AND CONTROL
Chem. Eng. Prog. 21 (9): 41-4 (1975)
An effective method for removing vinyl chloride monomer from the polymer
resin has been developed. This is done in the mixer before processing.
It combines an aspirator fitted to the mixer to draw the monomer laden
air from the mix and an air stripping step in which air passes upward
through the material taking out additional VCM from the mix. The basic
research development, and method resulted from a joint research program
of Imperial Chemicals Industries, Ltd. and T.K. Fielder, Ltd.
-134-
-------
30-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Bell, Z.G. Jr., et al
CONTROL METHODS FOR VINYL CHLORIDE
Chem. Eng. Prog. H. (9): 43-7 (1975)
Methods for protecting personnel at PPG Industries vinyl chloride plants
include a means of collecting quality control samples in a bomb, making the
analyses in a hood, and returning the unused portion of the VC sample to the
processing operation so that the monomer is confined. A precise, closed
routine is followed for loading the product into tank cars and ships. High
pressure nitrogen is used in the plant where purging operations are needed
to prevent escape of the gas.
30-0038
VINYL CHLORIDE
Wheeler, R.N. Jr., and Sutherland, M.E.
CONTROL OF IN-TRANSIT VCM
Chem. Eng. Prog. _71 (9): 48-53 (1975)
To meet VCM regulations, special devices, equipment, and systems will have to
be provided. Gauging devices will need to be installed on tank trucks, tank
cars and barge tanks. One which has worked well on tank cars is a float
magnetically coupled to a tape system. Tank car size of new cars is being
limited to 25,500 gallons. Pipe lines will require regular monitoring for leaks,
Scavenging systems will be required to strip off vinyl chloride liquid or
monomer when the need arises. Inert gas purging of scavenged equipment will
remove the last traces of the monomer. Finally, automation is the best approach
to control of personnel exposure to vinyl chloride according to Union Carbide
Corp.
-135-
-------
30-0039
VINYL CHLORIDE
Mantell, G.J. et al
STRIPPING VCM FROM PVC RESINS
Chem. Eng. Prog. TL (9): 54-62 (1975)
A description of the stripping techniques being studied at Air Products and
Chemicals, Inc. covers removing the VC monomer from aqueous slurries - the
suspension process - in the polymerization reactor or in a special stripping
vessel. Variables that affect the process are time, temperature, and pressure.
The vinyl chloride which is removed is prepared for reuse by compression and
condensation.
30-0040
VINYL CHLORIDE
Severs, L.W. and Skory, L.K.
MONITORING PERSONNEL EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE, VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE AND
METHYL CHLORIDE IN AN INDUSTRIAL WORK ENVIRONMENT
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. , J. J3l5 (9): 669-76 (September 1975)
The use of activated carbon as an adsorbent is suggested for personnel monitoring
in areas where workers are exposed to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and
methyl chloride. A satisfactory method of desorbing the carbon while insuring
the integrity of the VC sample was to use carbon disulfide at dry ice temperature.
-136-
-------
30-0041
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PHS TO URGE MORE RELIANCE ON SCIENCE FOR HEALTH PROTECTION AGAINST VINYL CHLORIDE:
Environ. Health Lett. 14 (18): 4 (15 September 1975)
EPA is in the process of setting vinyl chloride standards for the general public.
HEW is said to have suggested the need for more scientific methods as a basis
for establishing these limits. However, this would require considerable addi-
tional research. A major concern of these agencies is the safety of people
living in the vicinity of plants using vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride.
-137-
-------
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
See: 30-0040, Vinyl chloride
-138-
-------
30-0042
GENERAL INFORMATION
Sikka, Harish C. et al
UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION, AND METABOLISM OF ENDOTHALL IN FISH
J. Agric. Food Chem. 23 (5): 849-51 (September/October 1975)
Bluegills absorbed less than 1% of the herbicide, endothall, from water
containing 2 ppm endothall/500 ml water, during a 96-hr exposure.
Concentration of endothal was highest in the viscera and lowest in the
flesh. Concentration in the viscera started to decline after 24 hours,
indicating distribution to other tissues. Endothal, when fed to ^b'Jluegills
through the digestive tract, was absorbed by the intestinal tract1,-' but 73%
was eliminated during the 48-hr test period. Again, the concentration was
highest in the viscera, lowest in the flesh. Unlike aquatic microorganisms,
bluegills apparently cannot metabolize this herbicide.
30-0043
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
AMERICAN CYANAMID IS ENTERING A BIG HERBICIDE MARKET. . .
Chem. Eng. News 5.3 (38): 14 (22 September 1975)
New from American Cyanamide is Prowl, a dinitroaniline compound aimed at the
$400 million corn and cotton herbicide market. The company expects to be on
stream by 1978 in Hannibal Mo., plant now being built; meanwhile, contract
manufacturers are being used.
-139-
-------
30-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Burke, Donald P.
METHANOL
Chem. Week 117 (13): 33-7, 39-42" (24 September 1975)
Review discusses potential uses, technology, and economics of methanol for
various fuel purposes: regasification to methane, fuel for gas turbines,
or in motor fuels. Another potential use, as a source for single-cell
protein, could use up to 33,000 tons/day by 1980.
30-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EPA PLANS TO STUDY NITROSAMINES IN AIR
Chem. Eng. News 53 (39): 7 (29 September 1975)
From 0.014 to 0.96 ppb of dimethyl nitrosamine have been detected in the ambient
air in several eastern cities. The nitrosamines may arise from industrial
processes or they may be forming from atmospheric reactions of nitrogen oxides
and amines. EPA will study nitrosamines in air, and will also include them in
current studies of drinking water contaminants.
-140-
-------
H'>" 30-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE CAUSES CANCER IN LABORATORY ANIMALS. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53 (39): 17 (29 September 1975)
In studies at Du Font's Haskell Labs., Newark, Del., rats developed cancer
after inhaling HMPA vapor for six to eight months. The chemical is used as
a laboratory solvent and in synthetic fiber manufacture. As yet, there is
no evidence of cancer in other animals and no adverse health effects have
been noted in workers at Du Font's Deepwater, N.J., plant, where the chemical
is made, or at the Richmond, Va., plant, where it is used.
30-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Brown, Stephen M. et al
EFFECT ON MORTALITY OF THE 1974 FUEL CRISIS
Nature 257 (5524) : 306-7 (25 September 1975)
First-quarter 1974 mortality rates were down in San Francisco County and
Alameda County over first-quarter 1973 rates. The period: of decreased
death rates coincides with a period in which retail gasoline sales were
down 9.5%.
-141-
-------
31-0001
ARSENIC
Copenhaver, E.D. and Wilkinson, B.K.
TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES THROUGH SOIL PROCESSES. Vol. I. ARSENIC,
BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM, ZINC, AND OTHERS
ORNL-EIS-74-70 (Pt. 1). Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Contract W-7405-eng-26 (November 1974)
This bibliography is intended for use by personnel concerned,
cither via research or management, with the disposal of hazard-
ous wastes, other than sewage sludge, on land. It is the result of
a search of recent literature and Includes Information on the
transport, transformation, and soil retention of arsenic, asbestos,
beryllium,' cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mer-
cury, selenium, zinc, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides,
and other hazardous substances. The literature search focused
on processes directly related to transport (adsorption, ion ex-
change, etc.) and documentation of the occurrence and extent of
transport while specifically excluding topics such as uptake and
translocation by plants, theoretical modeling, and effects on
microorganisms and processes mediated by microorganisms.
[Abstract in: Nuclear Sci. Abstrs. 3d (5): 1139
(15 March 1975)]
31-0002
ARSENIC
Copenhaver, E.D. and Wilkinson, B.K.
TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES THROUGH SOIL PROCESSES. VOL. 2. PESTICIDES.
ORNL-EIS-74-70 (Pt. 2).. Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Contract W-7405-eng-26 (November 1974)
This bibliography Is intended lor use by personnel concerned,
either via research or management, with the disposal of hazard-
ous wastes, other than sewage sludge, on land. Information on
the transport, transformation, and soil retention of :i. num'ier ol
hazardous substances Is presented in Volume 1. TMs volume
contains citations on pesticides and detailed information on
chemical nomenclature and structures of pesticides is appended
to this volume.
[Abstract in: Nuclear Sci. Abstrs. _31. (5): 1139
(15 March 1975)
-142-
-------
31-0003
ASBESTOS
Anon
OSHA PROPOSES MORE TOXIC SUBSTANCE RULES
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (40): 8 (6 October 1975)
OSHA's proposed new occupational standard for asbestos, which would revise the
standard of 7 June 1972, calls for a reduction in the permissible exposure for
an 8-hr period to only 0.5 fiber/cc instead of 5, and a reduction in the 15-
minute ceiling exposure limit to 5 fibers/cc instead of 10. Retention of monitor-
ing and medical records would cover a 40-year period or would be for the duration
of the worker's employment plus 20 years, whichever is longer. This is another
drastic change, the current retention period being 3 years for monitoring records
and 20 years for medical records. Drastic reductions are also being proposed
for lead and toluene.
31-0004
ASBESTOS
Harwood, Colin F. and Blaszak, Thomas P.
CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF ASBESTOS EMISSIONS FROM OPEN SOURCES
IIT Research Inst. Contract EPA-68-02-1348. Final Rept., June 1973-May 1974
(September 1974), IITRI-C6290-11, EPA/650/2-74-090. PB-238" 9'25/2GA.
The report reviews control technology applica-
ble to asbestos emissions from open sources
including asbestos mines, mills, and manufac-
turing waste piles. It combined a literature
review with visits to asbestos mining and manu-
facturing operations, and considered cli-
matology, location, and topography. The study,
which included preliminary field sampling,
produced a comprehensive bibliography on
emissions control. The health effects of
asbestos exposure were reviewed from two
aspects: the significance of fiber size, and the
effect of non-occupational exposure. Fiber size
considered to be most harmful is still not
established and, while non-occupational expo-
sure probably does not lead to asbestosis,
evidence relates it to increased incidence of
cancer. Data analyses indicated that asbestos
can be detected at considerable distances from
a given source. It was concluded that, because
of their proximity to populations, asbestos
manufacturing waste piles are a threat to public
health more serious than asbestos mining.
[Abstract In: Government Reports Announcements 21 <8): 145 (18 April 1975)
-143-
-------
31-0005
ASBESTOS
Igwe, Basil U.N.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENT GUIDELINES FOR THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY
Arthur D. Little, Inc. Contract EPA-68-01-1541. Final Kept. (December 1974),
ADL-C-75934-04, EPA-230/2-74-001. PB-238 268/7GA
An analysis was made of the potential economic impact on the asbestos products
manufacturing industry due to the implementation of the effluent limitations
standards formulated in compliance with the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments. The industry is not expected to suffer major adverse impacts
under both standards as measured by loss of production, unfavorable price
structure, employment curtailment, etc.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (6): 126 (21 March 1975)]
ASBESTOS
See: 31-0001, Arsenic
See: 31-0002, Arsenic
-144-
-------
31-0006
BENZIDINE
Radding, Shirley B. et al
REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF SELECTED CHEMICALS
Stanford Res. Inst. Contract EPA-68-01-2681, Final Rept. on Task 1 (10 January 1975),
EPA/560/5-75-001, PB-238 908/8GA
A search of the scientific literature and an evaluation of such literature on the
environmental fate of the following compounds has been reported: benzidine and
its salts; 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine; 1-naphthylamine; propiolactone; 4,4'-methyl-
enebis(2-chloroaniline); ethylenimine; and bis(chloromethyl)ether. Some intelligent
guessing based on structural analogies for the chemicals is made where little
information was available. These chemicals are known carcinogens but little is
known of their environmental fate. Emphasis is placed on reporting or estimating
kinetic values for potentially important pathways of degradation. In cases where
no data were available, independent calculations for free radical reactivity were
made.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements _75_ (8): 72 (18 April 1975)]
-145-
-------
31-0007
BORON
Weeth, H.J. and Green, G.H.
AN ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ACCURACY OF THE FEDERAL STANDARD OF
PERMISSIBLE BORON LEVELS TO WATER RESOURCES
Nevada Univ., Center for Water Resources Research. Contract DI-14-31-0001-4028
W75-02889, OWRT-A-053-NEV (4) (October 1974), PB-238 298/4GA
The purpose was to determine If the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's proposed max-
imum acceptable concentration of 5 mg/l
boron In livestock water is realistic. Twelve
Hereford heifers were tested in thirty-day
periods. Total daily boron intakes were 215,
4224, and 7219 mg. with tap water, 150 mg/l
boron-water and 300 mg/l boron-water treat-
ments, respectively. Renal clearance and/or
reabsorption estimates were made on
craatinlne, osmolites, free water, sodium,
phosphate and boron. Effects of treatments on
dally urine weight, total dissolved solids,
osmotic pressure, sodium, potassium,
phosphate and boron were also evaluated. The
results showed that the cattle were able to
tolerate the high concentration of boron with
no permanent effects. The heifers did, however,
lose weight, showed a tendency for erythe-
matous swelling, and the concentrations of
plasma phosphate were significantly reduced
while plasma boron concentrations were
higher. The study indicates that cattle can
tolerate at least one order of magnitude more
boron In their drinking water than the 5 mg/l
limit set by the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy with no ill effects.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements _75_ (?) : 8 (4 April 1975)]
-146-
-------
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
See: 31-0006, Benzidine
-147-
-------
ETHYLENIMINE
See: 31-0006, Benzidine
-148-
-------
31-0008
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
FR: GREAT LAKES
Am. Dyest. Rep. 64 (9): 69 (1975)
Great Lakes Chemical Corp's two new brominated acrylate monomers, 2,3-dibromo-
propyl acrylate and 2,3-dibromopropyl methacrylate (trade-named Great Lakes
AE-59 and Great Lakes Me-56, respectively) are specially designed for flame
retardant coatings and plastics. A variety of potential applications is claimed.
31-0009
FLAME RETARDANTS
Donaldson, D.J. et al
FLAME RETARDANT FOR 50/50 POLYESTER/COTTON WOVENS
Am. Dyest. Rep. 64^ (9): 30 (1975)
From 1 Sept. 1976 through 1981, CPSC will add six flame-retardant standards for
clothing made chiefly from 50/50 polyester/cotton blends. Recently, a tetrakis
(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride-urea-poly(vinyl bromide) (THPC-urea-PVB)
proved to be an effective flame retardant for this blend except that it caused
the fabric to turn yellow, when cured. To counteract this effect, a vinyl
bromide/vinyl chloride (slightly more bromide than chloride) latex was formulated
for incorporation into the THPC-urea-PVB emulsion. Reflectance tests indicate
that the new THPC-urea-PVB-PVC formulation overcomes the discoloration problem
while still maintaining its effective flame-retardancy properties.
-149-
-------
31-0010
FLAME RETARDANTS
Le Blanc, R. Bruce et al
NEW PHOSPHORAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS FLAME RETARDANTS FOR COTTONS
Text. Chem. Color. ]_ (10): 172/23-174/25 (1975)
The most widely used flame retardants for cottons, Pyrovatex CP and tetrakis
(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts (THP salts) are not effective for all end
uses. To find an inexpensive finish providing cottons with flame retardance
and durable press properties that could be maintained under various laundering
conditions, tests were made with various phosphoramide derivatives, prepared by
reacting tetramethylphosphorodiamidic chloride with ammonia and different amines
and amides. The most satisfactory compound was pentamethylphosphorotriand.de,
which was less costly and an effective flame retardant, when methylolated and
applied to cotton with triazine resins.
-150-
-------
31-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
NBS RESEARCH DETAILS FLUOROCARBON BREAKDOWN IN UPPER ATMOSPHERE
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25 (10): 1060-1 (1975)
Drs. P.J. Ausloos and R.E. Rebbert of NBS made public at the recent ACS Chemical
Society meeting in Chicago their studies on the breakdown of fluorocarbons by
sunlight in the earth's upper atmosphere and the effects of temperature on this
breakdown. Additional details of their research are presented here, but a fuller
accounting will be published later in the "Journal of Photochemistry."
31-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Huebner, Russell H. et al
ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOABSORPTION BY HALOCARBONS 11 AND 12 FROM ELECTRON IMPACT
MEASUREMENTS
Nature 257 (5525) : 376-8 (2 October 1975)
Electron energy-loss spectra were obtained for F-ll (CFC^) and F-12 (CF2
using the NBS model AN-1 electron impact spectrometer. Energy absorption
results relevant to the ozone depletion problem are presented. The data confirm
the measurements of Rowland and Molina, but differ from other published data.
-151-
-------
31-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Ramanathan, V.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT DUE TO CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS: CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS
Science 190 (4209): 50-2 (3 October 1975)
A new theory is presented describing the effects of chlorofluorocarbons on the
earth's thermal energy balance. Chlorofluorocarbons (e.g., fluorocarbon
propellants 11 and 12) and chlorocarbons have strong infrared bands capable of
absorbing radiation from the earth's surface and emitting it at the lower atmos-
pheric temperature, thus causing a reduction in the net infrared radiative flux
emitted to space by the earth-atmosphere system. This "greenhouse" effect tends
to increase surface and atmospheric temperatures. The theory which is postulated
on a very simplified model of the atmosphere and considers only those bands in
the 8 to 12 ym region, suggests an increase in mean global surface temperature
of at least 0.9°K by the year 2000, if the concentrations of F-ll and F-12 are
each increased to 2 ppb.
31-0014
FLUOROCARBONS
Marchio, J.L. and Quick, Q.
ODOR PROBLEMS WITH PROPELLANT BLENDS
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 53^ (9): 64-6, 89-90 (1975)
An analytical study to determine the cause of an unpleasant odor reported in an
aerosol propellant containing blends of fluorocarbons 11 and 12 inhibited with
nitromethane is reported. The malodor is produced only when nitromethane, iron,
water and HC1 are present. The breakdown of the fluorocarbon, during corrosion,
is one possible source of HC1. The odiferous compounds were identified primarily
as oximes.
-152-
-------
31-0015
FLUOROCARBONS
Leromer, Francis S. and Allen, Sylvester T.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING PROPERTIES OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
Army Tank-Automotive Command, Warren, Mich. Tech. Rept.TACOM-TR-11926 (June 1974),
AD/A-003 993/3GA
The fire extinguishing properties of chlorodifluoromethane were measured by
using a propane gas burner fed with oxygen enriched air. The bench test
employed controlled burner temperature, air and fuel pressure. Time to
extinguish and quantity of chlorodifluoromethane used were the principal
criteria for establishing extinguishing properties. Chlorodifluoromethane
proved to be equal to another popular halogenated hydrocarbon, monobromotrl-
fluoromethane.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75_ (6): 139 (21 March 1975)]
31-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
A MATHEMATICAL COMPUTER MODEL SIMULATING THE OZONE REGION
Chem. Eng. News 53 (4): 16 (6 October 1975)
University of Wisconsin meteorologists will use a computer model simulating the
stratospheric ozone region to study such effects of nitrous oxide and chloro-
fluorocarbons as the impact of reflected and scattered sunlight on ozone-layer
chemistry. The model makes it possible to follow the night/day changes in
chemical concentrations.
-153-
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31-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
OZONE CONTROVERSY CASTS GLOBAL SHADOW
Chem. Week ll]_ (16): 47-8 (15 October 1975)
The ozone controversy dominated the recent 10th annual International Aerosol
Conference in London. The European aerosol market has had slow sales and
a lack of new products. Heard at the meeting: The World Meteorological
Organization reports that a 2% ozone-depletion by chlorofluorocarbons has
increased UV radiation at the ground level and this increase will reach 40%,
at an unspecified time. Possible propellant alternatives to F-ll and F-12
are F-21 (dichlorofluoromethane), F-22 (chlorodifluorometbane) and methylene
chloride. F-22, already a production item, is reputedly less toxic than F-ll
and F-12, but the toxicity of F-21 is not yet well established. On the other
hand, F-21 and F-22 were mentioned by R.J. Cicerone as possible candidates for
regulation, when he asked the Senate Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere to
recommend regulation of F-ll, F-12, F-113, and F-114.
31-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
RESEARCH CONTINUES ON STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION BY FREON DECOMPOSITION:
DETAILS OF THE MECHANISM ARE REPORTED
Res./Dev. 2£ (10): 8 (1975)
The Manufacturing Chemists Association has added 7 new contracts for research
on the effects of fluorocarbons on the Earth's atmosphere. Ten other studies
are already underway in this $l.l-million program, which is expected to total
about $5-million over a 3-year period.
-154-
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31-0019
FLUORO.CARBONS
Anon
STATE AEROSOL ACTIONS
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 51 (9): 20 (1975)
New York and Louisiana have enacted legislation to restrict the sale of chloro-
fluorocarbon compounds, calling for special labels and imposing other regulations.
California wants the President and Congress to make ingredient and percentage
composition labeling mandatory. Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania are also proposing bills to control or ban the sale of aerosol
products.
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HALOETHERS
See: 31-0006, Benzidine
-156-
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31-0020
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Lissner, Reinhard et al
HEXACHLOROBENZENE-INDUCED PORPHYRIA IN RATS — RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORPHYRIN
EXCRETION AND INDUCTION OF DRUG METABOLIZING LIVER ENZYMES
Biochem. Pharmacol. 24_ (18): 1729-31 (15 September 1975)
Urinary excretions of the porphyrins and 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) by rats
were found to be abnormal after the 40th day of feeding on diets containing
HCB. Cytochrome P-450 content in the liver was elevated during the first week,
then stayed constant until the 30th day before rising again. Aniline hydroxylase
activity followed a similar pattern. It is suggested that a metabolite is
probably formed from the oxidation of HCB and that this metabolite may be the
actual porphyrogenic agent.
-157-
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31-0021
HYDRAZINE
Gormley, William T.
DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF METHYLHYDRAZINE IN THE PLASMA AND CEREBROSPINAL
FLUID OF MONKEYS
Aerospace Med. Res. Lab., WPAFB, Ohio. Rept. No. AMRL-TR-74-39 (1974),
AD/A-005 529/3GA [Also in: Aviation, Space and Environ. Med. 4£ (1): 64-8 (1975)]
A lumped parameter mathematical model including extracellular fluid, intra-
cellular fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid compartments has been applied to describe
methylhydrazine (MMH) distribution kinetics in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid
of Rhesus monkeys. Ten monkeys, average weight 5.5 kg, were given intravenous
infusions of MMH while blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were periodically
collected and analyzed for MMH. The mathematical model was used to simulate the
infusions and the simulations were compared with experimental data to validate
the model and to evaluate the mass transfer parameters required by the model
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements _75_ (8): 66 (18 April 1975)]
-158-
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31-0022
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Ayer, Franklin A.
SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF FUEL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
(MAY 1974, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI)
Research Triangle Inst. Contract EPA-68-02-1325. Final Rept. (Oct. 197A) ,
EPA/650/2-74-118
This document is the final report covering EPA's symposium to review and discuss
environmentally related information of coal conversion technology. More
specifically, papers were presented that covered environmental quality and
standards, fuel contaminants, environmental aspects of specific fuel conversion
systems, fuel utilization and total environmental assessment, and research and
development needs.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75_ (8): 139-40 (18 April 1975)]
31-0023
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Downs, W. Richard and Cox, Kenneth E.
COAL CONVERSION AND USAGE: A SYSTEMS STUDY
NASA-TM-X-58157; JSC-09260 (November 1974)
A comprehensive study of coal conversion and usage is presented, with emphasis
on its possibilities as an interim energy source between the phaseout of petroleum
and natural gas and the wide use of solar energy. Several projections of energy
demands into the 21st century are included. Possibilities for the use of coal
both for conversion into a variety of gas and solid fuels and for firing electric
powerplants are analyzed and costs of coal-based energy, based on current tech-
nology, are discussed. A few specific methods of conversion are recommended for
further research and development. Some ways to overcome environmental problems
both in mining and in burning coal are also mentioned.
[Abstract in: STAR 13_ (3): 317 (8 February 1975)
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4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
See 31-0006, Benzidine
-160-
-------
NAPHTHYL AMINES
See: 31-0006, Benzidine
-161-
-------
31-0024
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
ETHYL WILL DISCONTINUE TRICHLOROETHANE PRODUCTION
Chem. Week 117 (16): 15 (15 October 1975)
After 1 April 1976, when current production amounts and inventories are expected
to be exhausted, Ethyl will be out of the 1,1,1-trichloroethane business. The
company has not decided on the final disposition of its 50-million-lbs/year unit
at Baton Rouge, La. Production and marketing of perchloroethylene and trichloro-
ethylene will continue.
-162-
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31-0025
PHTHALATES
Daniel, J.W. and Bratt, H.
THE ABSORPTION, METABOLISM AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
IN RATS
Toxicology 2_: 51 (1974)
After a single oral dose of carbon-labelled DEHP (2.0 mg/kg), rats excreted 42%
of the radioactivity in the urine and 57% in the feces within 7 days; about 14%
was excreted via the bile. Rats given a dose of radioactive DEHP, excreted 57%
of the radioactivity in the urine, 38% in the feces, and 9% in the bile. On a
35-day diet of 1000 ppm of carbon-labelled DEHP, radioactivity in the liver
reached the equivalent of 40-50 ppm DEHP in about one week: the level in abdominal
fat reached 7-9 ppm within 2 weeks. Tests were also made at the 5000 ppm diet
level. The action of carbon-labelled DEHP, given intravenously, was followed in
the blood, liver, lungs, and in the excretion products of the rats.
[Abstract in: Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (3): 398-9 (June 1975)]
31-0026
PHTHALATES
Stein, M.S. et al
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FAT AND DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE ON TISSUE LIPIDS IN RATS
J. Nutr. 104; 187 (1974)
Rats were fed a fat-free diet plus either 0.1% DEHP or 4% stripped lard, or
both, for 44 days. The DEHP increased liver weight by itself and in combination
with lard. DEHP enhanced the growth-promoting effect of the lard, judging from
body-weight gain. Given alone, DEHP caused an insignificant reduction in total
body weight gain. DEHP accumulated in the heart and epididymal fat pad, but not
in the liver. In combination with lard, DEHP increased the total lipid content
of the liver. Evidently, dietary DEHP has an influence on lipid metabolism.
[Abstract in: Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13 (3): 398-9 (June 1975)]
-163-
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31-0027
POLYURETHANES
Osawa, Zenjiro et al
STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION OF POLYURETHANES. II. ESR STUDY ON THE PHOTODECOMPOSITION
OF POLYURETHANES AND ETHYLPHENYLCARBAMATE
J. Polym. Sci., Lett. Ed. 13 (9): 535-42 (1975)
The photodecomposition mechanism of polyurethanes and a model urethane system
(ethylphenylcarbamate) on the basis of the ESR and mass spectral data are
described. The main gaseous products are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Degradation occurs through cleavage of the N-C and C-0 bonds in the urethane
group.
-164-
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BETA-PROPIOLACTONE
See: 31-0006, Benzidine
-165-
-------
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 31-0024, Perchloroethylene
-166-
-------
31-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
WANTED: SUBSTITUTES FOR PVC
Chem. Week 117 (15): 47-8 (8 October 1975)
The Packaging Institute recently sponsored a seminar on replacement materials for
polyvinyl chloride. Producers were cautioned by Dr. Seymour Gilbert, Rutgers
University, Dept. of Food Science, that various substitute materials such as
co-polyesters, acrylic-based polymers and nitrile resins may have to handle
problems as to monomer migration, like those encountered with PVC. The FDA may
have established fixed rules on monomer migration within a year. Bruce Kemp
of the plastics dept of ICI, United States, predicted that 40% of the market
for vinyl packaging materials will go to substitute materials.
31-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PVC PULL-OUT PLANNED
Chem. Week 117 (15): 25 (8 October 1975)
Uniroyal Chemical is tentatively phasing out production of its 130-million
Ibs/year polyvinyl chloride resin at its Painesville, Ohio, plant. The company
states that exceedingly large capital expenditures would be needed to meet OSHA
standards and EPA emission rules. Two hundred and fifty workers will be affected
by the shutdown. A jointly-owned operation with Borden Chemical will continue
to produce vinyl chloride monomer in Louisiana.
-167-
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31-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
WHAT PPG KNOWS ABOUT VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER WOULD FILL A BOOK...SO WE DID!
Chem. Week 117 (15): 38 (8 October 1975)
A new book published by PPG Industries describes their most current procedures
for vinyl chloride monomer production, covering properties, hazards, handling,
storage, analysis, and other areas.
31-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
McCann, Joyce et al
MUTAGENICITY OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE, A POSSIBLE METABOLIC PRODUCT OF 1,2-DICHLO-
ROETHANE (ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE), CHLOROETHANOL (ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN), VINYL
CHLORIDE, AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 7£ (8): 3190-3 (1975)
Chloroacetaldehyde, a possible metabolite of vinyl chloride and other industrial
chemicals, was shown to be mutagenic in a sensitive bacterial test. Chloro-
acetaldehye was, in fact, hundreds of times more mutagenic to one bacterial
strain than was vinyl chloride itself, and may be the active carcinogenic form
of vinyl chloride. If it is also the active carcinogenic form of dichloroethane
and chloroethanol, as well as vinyl chloride, then Chloroacetaldehyde may also
cause angiosarcoma in workers exposed to dichloroethane or chloroethanol.
-168-
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31-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
WHAT CLEAN-AIR RULES WILL COST THE CPI
Chem. Week 117 (16): 37 (15 October 1975)
The financial impact of clean-air regulations and standards on the chemical
industry over the next 15 years is discussed briefly. Capital investments of
about $350 million and operating costs of $95 million/year are estimated, on
the basis of multiplying an estimated 5,536 stacks by an estimate of the cost of
instrumentation for each stack. Additional personnel required for implementing
the programs would be a major cost item. The use of a Hewlett-Packard monitor-
ing system at Georgia Pacific's vinyl chloride plant at Plaquemine, La., is
described as being satisfactory for meeting OSHA's health standards.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 31-0009, Flame Retardants
-169-
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31-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EPA BANS ANT POISON FIRM
Soap, Cosmet. Chem. Spec. 5± (9): 20 (1975)
Life Science Products Co., Hopewell, Va., has been ordered by EPA to cease manu-
facture of Kepone, the fire ant poison. Under investigation by EPA and OSHA
since the ketone was found in the blood of some employees, the company has now
been charged with violation of the law by EPA and faces $16,500 in fines by
OSHA. Nine employees are hospitalized with encephalopathy, which is a form of
brain damage.
If the company follows EPA shipping regulations, it will be allowed to ship
existing inventories to its one customer, Allied Chemical's Baltimore plant.
Life Science Products Co. is reportedly contesting the federal citations.
31-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WORKER EXPOSURE TO CHROMATE PIGMENTS CAN LEAD TO "UNUSUALLY" HIGH CANCER RISKS
Chem. Eng. News _53_ (41): 8 (13 October 1975)
Reporting to NIOSH on the preliminary results of an epidemiological study, the
final results of which should be ready by the end of 1975, the Dry Color Manu-
facturers' Association states that 29% of the 38 deaths occurring among 580
workers exposed to chromate pigments were caused by lung cancer. In contrast,
a 7% lung cancer death rate has been found among lead smelter workers.
-170-
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31-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CHROMATE PIGMENTS MAY BE GREATER LUNG-CANCER THREAT'THAN SUSPECTED
Chem. Week 117 (16) : 25 (15 October 1975)
Working with data submitted by the Dry Color Manufacturers' Association,, NIOSH's
Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics reports that 85% of
all cancer deaths among workers exposed to chromate pigments are from lung
cancers, a higher percentage than anticipated.
31-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Bidleman, T.F. and Olney, C.E.
LONG RANGE TRANSPORT OF TOXAPHENE INSECTICIDE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE
WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
Nature 257_ (5526): 475-7 (9 October 1975)
Toxaphene, the most widely used U.S. pesticide during the last decade, probably
contains about 200 polychlorinated camphenes, although the exact composition
of the pesticide is not known. Toxaphene residues may persist in soils for
years, but there is some volatilization. Although toxaphene has been found in
air samples in just three southern agricultural areas, this report shows that
the pesticide has been identified in air samples over Bermuda. Apparently,
most of the toxaphene in the air did not originate from Bermuda but was transported
through the atmosphere, traveling long distances.
-171-
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31-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Porter, John A.H.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS FOLLOWING FORMALIN INHALATION (Letter to Editor)
Lancet 2_ (7935): 603-4 (27 September 1975)
A case of acute pneumonitis in a neurology resident may have been caused by
heavy exposure to formaldehyde vapors, arising from the use of formalin, a 40%
solution of formaldehyde.
31-0038
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hill, Richard N. et al
GENETIC CONTROL OF CHLOROFORM TOXICITY IN MICE
Science 190 (4210): 159-61 (10 October 1975)
Different strains of mice were given chloroform in peanut oil to study its lethal
effects. The LD _ dose for the C57BL/6J strain was a 0.33 ml/kg versus 0.08
ml/kg for the DBA/2J strain, indicating that the C57BL/6J strain had about four
times the resistance to the lethal effects than the other strain. The kidneys
of the DBA/2J animals contained more than twice the amount of chloroform than
did those of the more resistant animals. Significant strain differences were
noted in chloroform accumulation in first generation offspring, the offspring
values being midway between the parental values.
-172-
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REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 31-0018, Fluorocarbons
-173-
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32-0001
ARSENIC
Anderson, A.C. et al
THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF MSMA TO BLACK BASS (MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU), CRAYFISH,
(PROCAMBARUA SP.) AND CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS LACVSTRIS)
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14. (3): 330-3 (1975)
Because of the possibility that residues of the grass control herbicide, mono-
sodium salt methanearsonic acid (MSMA) will build up in waterways near high-
ways, when MSMA is used to control Johnson grass, static bioassays were run to
determine the acute toxicity of the compound in black bass, crayfish, and
channel catfish. Median Lethal Threshold (TLM) determined at 48 hrs were 1660
mg/1, 5100 mg/1, and 4700 mg/1, and at 96 hrs were 900 mg/1, 1100 mg/1, and
3050 mg/1, for black bass, crayfish, and channel catfish, respectively. Thus,
even the black bass, the most sensitive of these three species, can tolerate
fairly high levels of MSMA. However, the tests did not provide any data on the
possible concentration of MSMA by the fish nor indicate changes in toxicity that
might be expected under actual environmental stress. No information is available
on the toxicity of possible degradation products of MSMA.
32-0002
ARSENIC
King, H.G. and Morrow, R.W.
DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC AND SELENIUM IN SURFACE WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION TO
SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS
Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Tenn. Contract W-7405-eng-26. Report Y-1956 (4 November 1974)
A method was developed for determining arsenic and selenium in surface water
by atomic absorption. The two elements are hydrided in acidified water by
sodium borohydride to form arsine and selenine gases, which are then passed into
a low-temperature argon/air/hydrogen flame for the atomic absorption measurement.
A background correction is made by adjusting the gas flow rates. The limit of
detection is 5 vg/1 for arsenic and 1 yg/1 for selenium. The method is both
fast and economical.
[Abstract in: Nuclear Sci. Abstracts _31 (3): 803 (15 February 1975)
-174-
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32-0003
ASBESTOS
Anon
EVEN IF RESIN IS PLENTIFUL, FILLERS WILL PLAY A BIG ROLE
Mod. Plast. 52_ (10): 59-61 (1975)
In the plastics area one result of materials shortages is the increasing use of
fillers. It is estimated that the 1.06 million tons of fillers consumed in 1975
will increase to 2.5 million by 1980, to 6.9 million by 1990, and to 15 million
tons by 2000. Fillers of the future are expected to provide plastics with new
performance characteristics in addition to serving as extenders, an added value
seen possible from the advent of coupling agents and micropacking.
Because of the new dust-free pellets developed by Union Carbide, asbestos is
expected to show great gains in the filler market. The 180,000 tons of asbestos
that may be used for this purpose in 1975 is estimated to grow to 800,000 tons
by 1980 and 1.7 million tons by the year 2000.
32-0004
ASBESTOS
Hefner, Robert E., Jr. and Gehring, Perry J.
A COMPARISON OF THE RELATIVE RATES OF HEMOLYSIS INDUCED BY VARIOUS FIBROGENIC
AND NON-FIBROGENIC PARTICLES WITH WASHED RAT ERYTHROCYTES IN VITRO
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. _36 (10): 734-40 (1975)
Confirmation of an existing relationship between fibrogenicity and hemolytic
activity for various particulates is reported from these in vitro tests with
rat erythrocytes, using Min-U-Sil Filler Silica, Hooker #1 Chrysotile Asbestos,
and nine other materials.
A significant hemolysis of erythrocytes, following apparent first order kinetics,
was produced by the silica of a 5 v number length mean diameter. Asbestos of
the same number length mean diameter produced a comparable or even greater rate of
hemolysis.
-175-
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32-0005
ASBESTOS
Anon
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR
POLLUTANTS - PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS FOR ASBESTOS AND MERCURY
EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C., Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, EPA-450/2-74-009a (Oct. 1974). PB-237 169/8GA
Rationale for amendments promulgated April 6, 1973, and an evaluation of their
economic and environmental impacts are presented. Report covers asbestos
pollution related to manufacturing, demolition and renovation, fabrication
and disposal of wastes and mercury emissions from sludge incineration and
drying facilities. Optional air cleaning methods for compliance with asbestos
standards, chemical stabilization of waste disposal sites, and estimation of
allowable mercury emissions from sewage sludge incineration facilities are
discussed.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements _75_ (1): 109 (]_o January 1975)]
32-0006
ASBESTOS
Carton, Robert J.
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND NEW SOURCE
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION, AND PAPER SEGMENT OF
THE ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
EPA, Wash., D.C., Effluent Guidelines Div. EPA/440/l-74-017a (February 1974)
PB-238 320/6GA
This document presents the findings of an extensive study of a segment of
the asbestos manufacturing industry for the purpose of developing effluent
limitations guidelines and Federal standards of performance for the industry.
The development of data and recommendations in the document relate to a portion
of the asbestos manufacturing category which contains the major water users in
this industry. Subcategories include asbestos-cement pipe, asbestos-cement
sheet, asbestos paper (with starch and elastomeric binders), asbestos mill-
board, asbestos roofing products, and asbestos tile. Manufacturing processes,
wastes, control technologies, and costs are discussed.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (7); 116 (4 April 1975)J
-176-
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ASBESTOS
See also: 32-0036, General Information
-177-
-------
32-0007
BENZIDINE
Pliss, Gennady B. and Khudoley, V.V.
TUMOR INDUCTION BY CARCINOGENIC AGENTS IN AQUARIUM FISH
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. ,55 (1): 129-36 (July 1975)
Guppies and zebra fish were exposed (via feeding, skin application, ip injections,
and other methods) to nine chemicals known to be carcinogenic to man. Although
five of these chemicals, including two nitrosamines, produced liver tumors in
some of the fish, benzidine and three other chemicals did not induce any tumors.
Benzidine is converted biochemically in the liver but it is not significantly
hepatotropic. The experiment indicates that fish are suitable models for testing
the carcinogenic activity of chemicals and for the measurement of water pollution.
-178-
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32-0008
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Crist, Howard L. et al
RAPID DETERMINATION AND CONFIRMATION OF LOW LEVELS OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN
ADIPOSE TISSUES
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14. (3): 273-81 (1975)
A rapid, simple, but sensitive and reliable method is .described for the detection
and confirmation of HCB in lipid material at levels as low as 5ppb. Hexane and
a Florisil column were used to separate HCB from the coextractives in chicken fat.
A Tracor, MT-220 gas chromatograph with a tritium electron capture detector was
used.
32-0009
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Villeneuve, D.C. and Newsome, W.H.
TOXICITY AND TISSUE LEVELS IN THE RAT AND GUINEA PIG FOLLOWING ACUTE
HEXACHLOROBENZENE ADMINISTRATION
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14 (3): 297-300 (1975)
Rats and guinea pigs were dosed daily (p.o.) with HCB in corn oil for 16 days
at 500 mg/kg body weight. All the guinea pigs (7 each, male and female) died
during dosing. Eight of 11 male rats, and 5 of 11 female rats died also.
Analysis of residue levels in brain and liver tissues showed a much greater
accumulation, however, in the rats than in the guinea pigs. Rats also showed
a lower body weight loss.
-179-
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32-0010
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Morita, M. and Oishi, S.
CLEARANCE AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN RATS
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. _U (3): 313-8 (1975)
In this 56-day study of the distribution and clearance rate of HCB in rats, HCB
was concentrated mainly in the fat and to a lesser degree in the brain, heart,
lungs, liver, kidneys, and testes. Fat content was 18.76 ± 1.54 vg/g (on wet
basis) compared to testes content of 0.21 ± 0.05 yg/g. In most organs, maximum
concentration was reached within 6 or 12 hours, decreasing rapidly thereafter.
-180-
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32-0011
HYDRAZINE
Germaise, Annie B-K. et al
IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED COLON TUMORS IN RATS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 54 (5): 1231-5 (1975)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is known to produce colon tumors in the rat. Two
experiments were conducted to determine if DMH-induced tumors contain specific
antigens or if there is a histological difference in cellular response, when
rats are fed a lipotrope-deficient diet instead of an adequate diet. In one
experiment 12-week old rats received intragastrically 10 doses of 30 ml/kg/wk
of DMH dissolved in 0.9% NaCl or 1 ml/week of NaCl. In another experiment,
7-week old rats, fed diet 1 or 2, received intragastrically 30 mg/kg/wk of DMH,
for 5 or 10 doses.
Results indicated that an antigen in an extract of colon tumors, not found in
normal colon, was related to antigens in rat fetuses. No immunological cross-
reactions with carcinoembryonic antigen were noted. There was a significant
spatial relationship between mucinous adenocarcinomas of the colon and lymphoid
follicles.
-181-
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32-0012
ISOCYANATES
Anon
NEW CONTENDER FOR PLASTICS PARTS MARKETS
Chem. Week 117. (15): 40 (8 October 1975)
The isocyanate used in Dow's new Instant Set Polymer (See: CATS 30-0021) has
not been identified by the company but, according to U.S. Patent 3,726,827 (1973),
it is derived from reacting a diisocyanate, e.g., toluene diisocyanate, with a
smaller amount of polyol. Polyol preparation and related process steps are
described briefly.
Dow has issued two licenses for its ISP, a rigid urethane engineering plastic,
to Micromet in Houston and to Jones & Vining in Salem, Mass., and anticipates
that ISP will find a big market as a replacement for metals, ceramics, and wood.
32-0013
ISOCYANATES
(Market)
Anon
UPJOHN SEES BIG MARKET FOR URETHANE IN MIDEAST
Chem. Week UJ (17):63 (22 October 1975)
According to Keith Edmondson, Upjohn Chemical Division, consumption of urethane
in the Mideast and Africa will increase by 20-22%/year through 1984, rising
from the current 750,000 metric tons to 1.78 million metric tons in 1984. For
the same period, the worldwide increase in urethane consumption is estimated
at 12-14%/year; current worldwide consumption of 680,000 metric tons of isocy-
anates should reach 1.7 million metric tons by 1984.
-182-
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32-0014
ISOCYANATES
(Production)
Anon
THREE HUNDRED MILLION LBS.
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (43): 12 (27 October 1975)
In an advertisement, Upjohn Polymer Chemicals reports that its constantly
expanding La Porte, Texas, facility and its European and Japanese facilities
now provide the company with an annual capacity of 300 million Ibs of isocy-
anates, useful for a variety of urethane products.
-183-
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32-0015
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
AND NEXT WEEK ERDA WILL DEDICATE A PILOT PLANT TO CONVERT COAL. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53 (43): 18 (27 October 1975)
C.E. Lummus Co. will operate the $15 million Bruceton, Pa. pilot plant in which
72 tons/day of sulfur-rich Appalachian coal or western coal will be converted
by Bu Mines Synthane process to raw synthesis gas. The gas, in turn, will be
cleaned and methanated to yield 1.2 million cu ft of pipeline-quality methane.
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
See also: 32-0037, General Information
-184-
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32-0016
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Shannon, Earl E.
EFFECTS OF DETERGENT FORMULATION ON WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT
J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. ^7 (10): 2371-83 (1975)
As part of continuing studies on the effects of detergent builders on domestic
wastewater characteristics and wastewater treatment processes, the Wastewater
Technology Centre of the Environmental Protection Service, Burlington, Ont.,
Canada, replaced all laundry detergents with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA),
carbonate, phosphate-, and citrate-based products.
NTA substitutions reduced total phosphorus loadings below baseline by 25.8%;
carbonate substitutions reduced them by 22-3%. NTA degradation during the study
was 60 to 75%; citrate degradation was more than 95%. The NTA-mercury,
-cadmium, and -nickel complexes showed poor degradability when applied to the
laboratory activated sludge system.
-185-
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32-0017
POLYURETHANES
Anon
FAKE LEATHER IS A REAL SUCCESS
Chem. Week 117 (17): 59-60 (22 October 1975)
Aerfab, Huntington Station, New York, a small ($2-3 million in sales for 1975)
manufacturer of urethane-coated fabrics (simulated leather and suede fabrics)
uses an undisclosed method of coating urethane onto a variety of backing fabrics,
The company has successfully stayed in a business that many major manufacturers
had to give up. The breathability and finished-product stability of urethanes
apparently make them superior to vinyls and they may be substituted eventually
for vinyl fabrics in autos. Other advantages of urethane fabrics include: no
plasticizer migration, more resistance to abrasion, better washable and dry-
cleanable results. Current main uses are clothing and homefurnishings.
POLYURETHANES
See: 32-0012, Isocyanates
32-0013, Isocyanates
32-0014, Isocyanates
-186-
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32-0018
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
OSHA PLANS RULES FOR TWO MORE CHEMICALS
Chem. Eng. News _53 (42) : 7 (20 October 1975)
Proposed new OSHA occupational exposure standards for beryllium and trichloro-
ethylene were prompted by animal studies that indicated the potential carcino-
genicity of the chemicals. At this time, however, OSHA's preliminary data on
trichloroethylene are not such that OSHA can tag the solvent with the capability
of causing cancer in humans, but inhalation tests showed that beryllium induced
lung tumors in rats and lung cancers in monkeys. Also, beryllium given intra-
venously to rabbits caused bone tumors. OSHA, therefore, has labeled beryllium
as a potential human carcinogen.
-187-
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32-0019
VINYL CHLORIDE
Brand, K. Gerhard et al
BRIEF COMMUNICATION: FOREIGN-BODY TUMORIGENESIS BY VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL ACETATE
COPOLYMER: NO EVIDENCE FOR CHEMICAL COCARCINOGENESIS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 5£_(5) : 1259-62 (1975)
In this study the tumors caused in mice by implants of vinyl chloride vinyl
acetate copolymer (VGA) were attributed to the presence of a foreign body
only. There was no evidence of a cocarcinogenic effect from the vinyl chloride
monomer.
32-0020
VINYL CHLORIDE
Spirtas, Robert et al
THE ASSOCIATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE EXPOSURES WITH MORBIDITY SYMPTOMS
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. , J. _36_ (10): 779-89 (1975)
The results of a 1974 mail questionnaire survey of VC polymerization workers
are reviewed. The survey sought information on the frequency of eight
symptoms, four of which were related to central nervous system disturbances;
two to peripheral neurovascular and neuromuscular disturbances; one to local
irritation of eyes, nose, throat; and one to generalized asthenia, or "run-down"
feeling. In summary, the results show a clear VC dose-response relationship
for dizzyness, nausea, headache, "pins and needles" in arms and legs, and
general "run-down" feeling. The dose-response pattern was not statistically
significant for passing out, or for local irritation of eyes, nose, or throat.
Muscle weakness did not exhibit a dose-response relationship.
-188-
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32-0021
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE
Chem. Eng. News .53 (43) : 11 (27 October 1975)
Diamond Shamrock is contemplating building a plant for the production of
vinyl chloride monomer, which it uses (but does not now make) to produce
polyvinyl chloride.
32-0022
VINYL CHLORIDE
Carpenter, Ben H.
VINYL CHLORIDE. AN ASSESSMENT OF EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND COSTS
Research Triangle Inst., Durham, N.C. Contract EPA-68-02-1325. Final Rep.
June-August 1974 (September 1974). EPA/650/2-74-097. PB-237 343/9GA
The report gives results of a survey of conceptual techniques applicable to
vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) emission reduction with respect to VC monomer and
polymer production. VCM emission points have been identified and quantified
for four types of monomer plants—hydrochlorination of acetylene, chlorination/
oxychlorination of ethylene (with oxygen) and dehydrochlorination, and direct
chlorination of ethylene and dehydrochlorination—and four types of polymer
manufacture—suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, bulk poly-
merization, and solution polymerization. Levels of control acievable and
estimated cost of listed control techniques are presented.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (1): 50 (10 January 1975)]
-189-
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32-0023
VINYL CHLORIDE
Cox, R.A. et al
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF VINYL CHLORIDE
UKAEA Res. Group, Harwell. Atomic Energy Res. Establishment. AERE-R-7820.
September 1974 (Available from NTIS)
The reactivity of vinyl chloride in the photochemical smog system was
measured by two methods. In the first its reactivity has been compared
with that of ethylene, propylene, and trans-2-butene when irradiated in
air with simulated sunlight in the presence of nitric oxide. In the second
its rate of reaction with hydroxyl radicals has been measured using OH
produced by photolysis of nitrous acid. Vinyl chloride is only moderately
reactive being similar to or slightly less reactive than ethylene but more
reactive than normal paraffins.
[Abstract in: Nuclear Sci. Abstracts 31 (3): 805 (15 February 1975)]
32-0024
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
A SINGLE POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE PLANT. . .
Wall Street Journal, Wednesday (29 October 1975) p.1
Nine deaths from angiosarcoma have occurred among workers in a PVC plant in
Shawinigan, Quebec. The plant, owned by a B.F. Goodrich Co. subsidiary,
reportedly has taken steps to reduce employee exposure to vinyl chloride.
-190-
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32-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
HANDLING PVC POWDERS SAFELY
European Plastics News 2 (9): 4 (1975)
Recent studies indicate that fine PVC dust can lower the lower explosive limit
of vinyl chloride/air mixtures thus raising the possibility of explosions
when the contents of polymer tankers are being transferred to silos. It is
recommended that tankers, hoses, and bulk storage systems be earthed.
Potentially ignitable levels of vinyl chloride monomer may also occur during
the operation of high speed mixing equipment. Safe operating procedures
are outlined in "Vinyl Chloride Monomer: Guide to the High Speed Mixing of
PVC Resins and Compounds," a booklet published by the British Plastics Federa-
tion and the Chemical Industries Association.
32-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Haley, Thomas J.
VINYL CHLORIDE: HOW MANY UNKNOWN PROBLEMS?
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health .1 (1): 47-73 (1975)
This comprehensive review of the literature on vinyl chloride covers its
synthesis and physical properties, analysis, biotransformation; discusses
industrial hygiene aspects, the use and effects of aerosols; reviews animal
and human toxicology, and animal and human carcinogenesis. Although VC
induces cancer in man, the conditions for this induction are not yet related
to ambient exposure levels. It is recommended that epidemiological surveys
be continued in an effort to determine the latent period of exposure and
degree of exposure required for angiosarcoma development; that animal
experiments be undertaken on the effects of short exposures at high concentra-
tions and long exposures at low concentrations; and that more rapid diagnostic
and therapeutic measures be sought.
-191-
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32-0027
GENERAL INFORMATION
Exon, J.H. and Roller, L.D.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING MANGANESE ANTIKNOCK GASOLINE ADDITIVE EXHAUST RESIDUES
(Mn304) IN RATS
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxlcol. 14 (3): 370-3 (1975)
To determine the toxicity of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese trlcarbonyl (MMT),
rats were fed diets containing varying amounts of hausmanite (manganous manganic
oxide) (Mn304), the major residue produced when MMT is heated as it would be when
it is used as an antiknock additive in unleaded gasoline. Concentrations in the
feed ranging from 200 to 200,000 ppm proved to be only slightly toxic to the rats.
Growth rates indicated no clinical signs of manganese toxicity, and no gross
pathological changes were noted at necropsy. No significant lesions were noted
in the the histopathological examination of selected organs and tissues. It is
concluded that Mn304 need not be extensively investigated as an acutely hazardous
environmental contaminant.
32-0028
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ottolenghi, A.D. et al .
INHALATION STUDIES OF NICKEL SULFIDE IN PULMONARY CARCINOGENESIS OF RATS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 54_(5): 1165-72 (1975)
Lung tumors developed in twenty-nine (14%) of the 208 rats (those in an
examinable condition from a total of 226 at the start of the test) that inhaled
nickel sulfide for 78 weeks (5 days/wk, 6 hr/day). In contrast, lung tumors
were found in only 1% of the controls. Rats subjected to the nickel sulfide
also showed a higher incidence of pulmonary inflammatory reactions. Although
there was no significant difference in the deaths of animals during the first
year, there were significant differences during the last 26 weeks. Less than
5% of the rats exposed to nickel sulfide survived until the end of the study;
31% of the controls survived. Half of the treated rats were injected with
hexachlorotetrafluorobutane, an agent that induces lung infarction. This agent
neither increased the proportion of animals having lesions nor did it change the
type of lesions in animals exposed to nickel sulfide.
-192-
-------
32-0029
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ott, M. Gerald et al
LINKING INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH RECORDS
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. J36 (10): 760-6 (1975)
Described here are the procedures developed by Dow Chemical Company to correlate
data on employee exposure to hazardous chemicals with employee medical history,
using the personnel record card as an essential link in the system. Dow initiated
a company industrial hygiene program in the late 1930*s.
32-0030
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MANGANESE POISONING REPORTED...
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. _36 (10): A-14 (1975)
A California foundry worker exposed to fumes from cutting and burning manganese
steel developed manganese poisoning. A second such poisoning, also reported
in California, was caused by manganese dioxide dusts used in glazing ceramics.
Characterized by severe, persistent chronic depressive psychosis, transient acute
brain syndrome, and various extrapyramidal symptoms, Mn poisoning is difficult to
diagnose. Its symptoms usually do not occur until after several years of exposure.
-193-
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32-0031
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
RUBBER WORKERS SUE...
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. , J. 36_ (10): A-14 (1975)
Union workers reputedly injured by spills of phosgene and other toxic chemicals
are suing Olin Corp. and General Tire & Rubber Co. for $2.5 million. Claiming
that Olin has been discharging phosgene for years, the workers earlier had
requested help from state and federal environmental agencies. Phosgene is not
currently covered by any EPA standard.
32-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MICROWAVE HAZARDS
Lancet 2 (7937): 694 (11 October 1975)
Microwave radiation, which has been used as a source of heat in diathermy and
more recently in cooking ovens, may be a long-term hazard to man's nervous and
reproductive systems. From Bucharest comes a report [I. Lancranian et al,
Health Physics 29; 431 (1975)] of a loss of libido and interference with sperma-
togenesis in technicians exposed to microwave radiation for several years.
-194-
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32-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Zapp, J.A., Jr.
HMPA: A POSSIBLE CARCINOGEN (Letter to Editor)
Science 190 (4213): 422 (31 October 1975)
In a long-term inhalation study conducted by du Pont, rats were exposed to from 0
to 4000 ppb (by volume) of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/wk.
Although no compound lesions occurred during the first six months, degenerative
changes in the convoluted tubes of the kidneys caused deaths between months 6 and 8.
In the 8th month, squamous cell carcinomas developed in the nasal cavities of some
rats and penetrated into their brains. The incidence of tumors was dose-related.
HMPA is used as a laboratory solvent and as a chemosterilant for insect pests.
It has been shown to be mutagenic to some insects and to interfere with sperma-
togenesis in rats.
32-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Posner, Herbert S.
BIOHAZAKDS OF METHANOL IN PROPOSED NEW USES
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health _! (1): 153-71 (1975)
Numerous cases of poisoning from the ingestion or inhalation of methanol are
reviewed along with the symptoms of delayed and irreversible toxicity. Among
the unanswered questions about methanol is its potential effect on youngsters
exposed to it. The review is timely because of the many new, large-scale uses
now suggested for methanol — as a source of energy, as a bacterial feedstock for
feed protein, in waste water denitrification — which open the way for potential
environmental hazards. It is recommended that a safer compound be used, when
possible.
-195-
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32-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hoel, David G. et al
ESTIMATION OF RISKS OF IRREVERSIBLE, DELAYED TOXICITY
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1 (1): 133-151 (1975)
Four sequential steps to follow in translating animal test results to human
hazard risk are discussed in this review of the statistical methods now used
and of current knowledge on the subject. Additional research is needed to
improve the quality of models involving time-to-response techniques; more must
be learned about man's heterogeneous nature and susceptible subgroups of
humans.
32-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Berg, John W. and Howell, Margaret A.
OCCUPATION AND BOWEL CANCER
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health .1 (1): 75-89 (1975)
This review of U.S. and British mortalities from colonic and rectal cancers is
linked with a broad group of occupations. A high risk for large-bowel cancer
is associated with white-collar workers and with those in such manufacturing
industries as metal work, textiles, and leather goods. There is some less
conclusive correlations with workers exposed to dyes, meat handling, smoke
inhalation, and chemicals. An earlier study indicated that bowel cancer risks
might be associated with asbestos workers.
-196-
-------
32-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SCIENTIST CLAIMS NEW PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM COAL
Coal Age 80 (11): 298 (1975)
A non-polluting electrochemical process for producing electricity from low-grade
coal or from the char that remains when oil is produced from coal was announced
at a recent Energy Conversion Engineering Conference by Dr. Michael Ambar of
Stanford Research Institute. The char is heated in a molten carbonate medium at
600-800°C without releasing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulates into
the atmosphere. Cost data have not been calculated; some engineering problems
remain to be solved.
-197-
-------
33-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Taninaka, Takuml and Minoura, Yuji
KINETIC STUDY OF RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE IN THE PRESENCE OF
TRIPHENYL PHOSPHITE
J. Polym. Sci. (Polym. Chem. Ed.) L3_ (10): 2335-44 (1975)
In this investigation of the radical polymerization of acrylonitrile in the
presence of triphenyl phosphite with a,a'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
initiation, the authors studied the reaction kinetics and derived equations
for the rate and degree of polymerization
33-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
Taninka, Takumi et al
PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBSTITUTED TRIPHENYL
PHOSPHITES
J. Polym. Sci. (Polym. Chem. Ed.) .13 (10): 2353-62 (1975)
The photopolymerization of acrylonitrile under the influence of triphenyl
phosphite (TPP) derivatives is reported. Although acrylonitrile alone did
not polymerize, in the presence of TPP and its derivatives acrylonitrile
polymerized at 30°C by ultraviolet radiation.
-198-
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33-0003
ARSENIC
Anon
POLLUTION RULES MAY FORCE ASARCO TO SHUT SMELTER
Chem. Week 117 (18): 11 (29 October 1975)
Unless the Washington State Pollution Control Board rescinds an earlier
decision of the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency, Asarco Inc.
claims that it will have to cease operations at its Tacoma, Wash., smelter.
Asarco sees $20 million needed to add arsenic emissions pollution control
facilities and an additional $200,000/yr in plant operating costs to meet
OSHA's proposed 4-micron standard for worker exposure within the smelter.
33-0004
ARSENIC
Anon
ASARCO LOSES ANOTHER ROUND IN TACOMA POLLUTION BATTLE
Chem. Week 117 (20)_: 9 (12 November 1975)
The Washington State Pollution Control Board denied Asarco Inc.'s appeal to
reverse the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency's decision not to grant
an arsenic emissions standards variance for Arsaco's Tacoma smelter. The
Board found insufficient proof that the smelter's emissions are not a health
hazard. In April 1976, the pollution agency will seek an injunction against
Asarco's continuing to operate the smelter.
-199-
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33-0005
ARSENIC
Talmi, Yair and Bostick, D.T.
DETERMINATION OF ALKYLARSENIC ACIDS IN PESTICIDE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A MICROWAVE EMISSION SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION
SYSTEM
Anal. Chem. 47 (13): 2145-50 (November 1975)
The presence of arsenic acids as major, minor, or trace components in pesticides
and in environmental samples can be detected by the use of a gas chromatograph
with a microwave spectrometric detector. Relative sensitivity for water samples
is claimed to be at least 0.25 yg/1.
33-0006
ARSENIC
Klemmer, H.W. et al
ARSENIC CONTENT OF HOUSE DUSTS IN HAWAII
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14_ (4): 449-52 (October 1975)
Thirty-two homes in Hawaii where pesticides were used for termite control had
higher levels of arsenic in the house dust than were found in 29 untreated
homes. One exception, where dust samples from untreated home had exceptionally
high arsenic content in the dust, were the homes of employees of pest control
or wood treatment firms.
-200-
-------
33-0007
ASBESTOS
Anon
THE NAVY HAS REFUSED TO SEEK OUT. . .
Environment 17 (8): 23 (November 1975)
During WW II some 3 million shipyard workers were exposed to asbestos used
to insulate pipes and valves. Many of these may be suffering from lung
cancer or mesothelioma as a result of inhaling the asbestos. Although the
Navy will pay workmen's compensation to those afflicted, it is not willing
to seek out the shipyard workers who may have been exposed. Current ship-
building techniques have apparently eliminated this problem.
-201-
-------
BENZIDINE
See also: 33-0008, 3.3'-Dichlorobenzidine
-202-
-------
33-0008
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
Gadian, Theodore
CARCINOGENS IN INDUSTRY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DICHLOROBENZIDINE
Chem. Ind. 19_: 821-31 (4 October 1975)
Although 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) .because of the similarity of its chemical
structure to that of benzidine, a known carcinogen, and because it is carcinogenic
to animals ,has been suspected as a human urinary tract carcinogen, the lack of a
proper test population (those exposed only to DCB) has prevented the collection
of significant statistics. Data have now been collected on 59 British DCB
workers and the results show that none of them developed tumors, although
workers exposed to mixed benzidine and DCB developed bladder cancers. It is
concluded that DCB may not be a human carcinogen (unless the latent period is
longer than 18 years) or that, if it is carcinogenic to man, it is a weaker one
than benzidine.
-203-
-------
33-0009
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
TRIMETHYL PHOSPHITE
Chem. Eng. News .53 (44): 12 (3 November 1975)
Mobil Chemical expects to go onstream in early 1977 with its multi-million
dollar second unit of a trimethyl phosphite plant in Charleston, S.C. The
product is used in the manufacture of flame retardants and nonperoistent
crop chemicals. Mobil is not divulging plant capacity.
-204-
-------
33-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MORE EVIDENCE ADDS TO OZONE CONTROVERSY
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (44): 8 (3 November 1975)
Researchers at the National Bureau of Standards report that at 25°C they
found the rate of reaction between chlorine and ozone to be only 60% of
the value used by Rowland et al to predict stratospheric ozone depletion,
and at -50°C NBS reports the reaction rate is only 44% of Rowland's value.
Rowland argues that such changes in the reaction rate would not change the
ozone depletion measurements.
33-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
NEW TECHNIQUE BOOSTS C0?'s PROPELLANT PROSPECTS
Chem. Week 117 (19): 55 (5 November 1975)
Adding impetus to the use of carbon dioxide as a replacement for fluorocarbon
propellants is a newly announced system for packaging aerosol fragrances in
glass containers. It involves a CO- valve made by Risdon Manufacturing of
Naugatuck, Conn., and a high-pressure plastic-coated glass bottle by Wheaton
Corp's Plasti-Cote Division in Mays Landing, N.J. The new valve permits Co2
to deliver a spray pattern that remains consistent for the life of the package.
-205-
-------
33-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Barton, I.J. and Robertson, D.F.
MEASUREMENTS OF ERYTHEMALLY EFFECTIVE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND TOTAL OZONE
CONTENT
Nature 258 (5530): 68-9 (6 November 1975)
In separate studies in Australia and the U.S. measurements are being made of
erythemally effective ultraviolet radiation - wavelengths between 290 and 320
nm. The resulting information shows the change in UV irradiance resulting
from a change in total ozone content. The long-term monitoring is considered
important because of the current ozone controversy.
-206-
-------
33-0013
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Grant, D.L. et al
CHEMICALt(HCB) PORPHYRIA: EFFECT OF REMOVAL OF SEX ORGANS IN THE RAT
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14_ (4): 422-5 (October 1975)
HCB was fed ad libitum to male and female weanling rats in dietary levels of
100 and 500 ppm (equivalent to 5 and 25 mg/kg). Females showed higher levels
of hepatic porphyrins than males. An increase of porphyrins was found in the
liver of rats given the 100 ppm diet, after the testes were removed; on the
same diet, females whose ovaries were removed showed a decreased level of
porphyrins in the liver. The higher-level HCB diet apparently masked this
effect, but it appears that the mechanism of porphyria induction in rats
depends upon the steroids produced by the testes and ovaries.
-207-
-------
33-0014
ISOCYANATES
(Market)
Anon
TDI PRODUCERS ACT TO NARROW DISCOUNTS
Chem. Week 117 (20): 45 (12 November 1975)
Price of toluene diisocyanate seems to be moving up to the 45
-------
33-0015
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
RILEY STOKER WILL MARKET COAL GASIFICATION UNITS
Chem. WeekJLl? (19): 55 (5 November 1975)
Riley Stoker's Riley division, Worcester, Mass., is offering a standard-size
coal gasification unit that uses a fixed-bed, low-pressure, partial-oxidation
process that will cost users $1.60 to $2.20/million Btus. Cost variation
depends on type of coal burned. The gasifier has 10.5-ft diameter, and burns
3.5 tons coal/hr to give gas with a heating value of 125-150 or 250-300 Btus.
The lower value is the result of air blowing; the higher, oxygen blowing.
33-0016
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Beychok, Milton R.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN PRODUCING SUPPLEMENTAL FUELS
Hydrocarbon Process. 54 (10): 78-81 (1975)
The results of an EPA-sponsored study on the process technology and environ-
mental factors involved in producing 1) SNG from coal, crude oil, and naphtha;
2) liquid fuels from oil shale; 3) clean fuels from coal liquefaction; and in
4) importing gas supplies as LNG and methanol; or 5) regasifying imported LNG
are summarized.
Comparative data are shown for thermal efficiency, 802 emissions, No emissions,
water intake, effluent discharge, and attainable property line noise level. As
an example, the results, presented on the basis of tons emitted per unit of
product Btu output, shows the naphtha SNG plant to have the lowest S02 emissions,
The author suggests a more meaningful measurement would result, if measurement
were based on the percentage of input sulfur released to the atmosphere. The
full EPA report contains information on additional environmental factors.
-209-
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33-0017
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Anon
ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY
Environ. Rep. £ (12): 96 (31 October 1975)
National Academy of Sciences is offering at $11.50, "Productivity of World
Ecosystems", the proceedings of a symposium covering productivity of oceans,
fresh water, grassland, desert, temperate forests, and tundra.
33-0018
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Anon
SLUDGE/CROP CONTAMINATION
Environ. Rep. £ (12): 93 (31 October 1975)
The human food chain may be irreversibly contaminated from cadmium-containing
sewage sludge, according to D.E. Baker, College of Agriculture, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State University. His studies show that the
leaves and grain of corn and soybean crops retain large amounts of cadmium
applied in tests. Cadmium and other trace elements, therefore, should be
removed from sewage sludge that will be used as a fertilizer.
-210-
-------
33-0019
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Pope, Martin
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Pure Appl. Chem. 41 (4): 535-58 (1975)
This review of the most important technical applications of photochemistry
includes a section on luminescence in which optical brighteners are described.
The rigid, flat molecular structure of optical brighteners (used in detergents,
paper, textiles, etc.) favors high fluorescence yields.
-211-
-------
33-0020
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Bonse, G. et al
CHEMICAL REACTIVITY, METABOLIC OXIRANE FORMATION AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY
OF CHLORINATED ETHYLENES IN THE ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT LIVER PREPARATION
Biochem. Pharmacol. 24^ (19): 1829-34 (1 October 1975)
The uptake, solubility in liver tissue, metabolites, and enzyme activities of
tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and dichloroethylenes in rats was
studied in relation to the acute liver toxicity of these compounds,
33-0021
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Nicholson, A. Arnold and Meresz Otto
ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE,. HALOGENATED ORGANICS IN WATER BY DIRECT AQUEOUS
INJECTION-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14_ (4): 453-6 (October 1975)
Direct aqueous injection-gas chromatography with an EC detector was used to
determine the volatile, halogenated compounds present in Ontario drinking water.
The method was considered fast, sensitive, and accurate. A table lists the
detection limits for some of the halogenated compounds found. For tetrachloro-
ethylene, the detection limit was 8 yg/1.
-212-
-------
33-0022
PHTHALATES
Giam, C.S. et al
RAPID AND INEXPENSIVE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND
PHTHALATES IN AIR
Anal. Chem. _47 (13): 2319-20 (November 1975)
The electro-capture gas chromatograph, using Florosil to trap the tested compounds,
proved to be a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive method for detecting low levels
of certain phthalate esters, PCBS and DDT in the air. DEHP was one of the test
compounds.
Phthalic acid esters are produced in amounts about 10 times greater than PCBS
by industry.
33-0023
PHTHALATES
Giam, C. S. et al
SENSITIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PHTHALATE ESTER PLASTICIZERS IN OPEN-
OCEAN BIOTA SAMPLES
Anal. Chem. 47^ (13): 2225-9 (November 1975)
Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector successfully detected
background levels as low as 25 ng of dibutyl phthalate and 50 ng of di-2-
ehtylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (in the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons)
in marine biota samples.
About 1 billion Ib/yr of phthalate plasticizers, which are widely dispersed
in the environment and may be toxic to aquatic organisms, are manufactured.
-213-
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33-0024
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Department of Labor, OSHA
TRICHLOROETHYLENE. PROPOSED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARD
Fed. Regist. _40 (203) : 49031-45 (20 October 1975)
OSHA's notice of proposed rulemaking for occupational exposure to trichloro-
ethylene (TCE) reviews the general toxic effects of the compound and the
results of tests measuring its effects on animals and humans. The proposed
new standard, which would retain the current 8-hour time-weighted average
limit for exposure to airborne concentrations of TCE of 100 ppm but would
reduce the ceiling limit from 200 ppm to 150 ppm and delete the acceptable
maximum peak of 300 ppm for 5 minutes in any 2 hour period, follows receipt
of an alert by OSHA from NCI and NIOSH that TCE may be a carcinogen.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 33-0020, Perchloroethylene
See also: 33-0030, Vinyl Chloride
-714-
-------
33-0025
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Myers, G.A.
PREREFINING OF SHALE OIL (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (44) : 5 (3 November 1975)
The author points out an error in this journal's report of his paper presented
at the ACS Chicago meeting (See CATS 28-0018). The last paragraph should have
stated that several arsenic removal processes,,including caustic washing,
were investigated. However, Atlantic Richfield's process, now available for
licensing, is a different process, much more efficient than caustic washing.
-215-
-------
33-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Cascaval, C.N. et al
PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYMERS OBTAINED BY FRIEDEL-CSAFTS REACTIONS
OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) WITH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. _13_(10): 2259-68 (1975)
Pyrolysis gas chromatography was used successfully to determine the structure
and the mechanism of the thermal degradation of some condensation polymers
of PVC with benzene, toluene, and naphthalene.
33-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE AND BIRTH DEFECTS
Sci. News 108 (19): 297 (8 November 1975)
Testifying before the California State Senate, Joseph Wagoner, director of
field studies for NIOSH, reported that people living near PVC manufacturing
plants run the risk of giving birth to children with birth defects and adults
may develop brain tumors. He cited the reported studies by Peter F. Infante
covering three Ohio towns where PVC is made. (See also: CATS 26-0024)
-216-
-------
33-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
A JAPANESE NATIONAL SAFETY STANDARD FOR VINYL CHLORIDE. . .
Chem. Eng. News ,5_3 (45): 10 (10 November 1975)
Following the death from liver cancer of a Nagoya worker exposed to vinyl
chloride for a long time, Japan may establish a national safety standard
for VC before the end of 1975. A provisional 2 ppm limit inside monomer
plants has been established and workers exposed to VC have been asked to
get medical examinations.
33-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Markets)
Anon
PVC FACES MARKET LOSSES, BUT WILL SURVIVE
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (45) : 13-4 (10 November 1975)
The polyvinyl chloride industry will evidently not suffer the decline anti-
cipated when it was first learned that vinyl chloride caused cancers, prima-
rily because of production improvements minimizing the unpolymerized VC
content of PVC. Proposed government regulations may cause a decline in food-
related PVC markets, especially if these regulations affect piping for potable
water but, in general, PVC should retain a strong market.
Potential competitors for PVC are oriented polypropylene in the food market
and the new polyolefin elastomers (from Du Pont, Exxon, B.F. Goodrich, Hercules,
and Uniroyal), which are cutting into PVC's use for auto sight shields, wire
and cable jacketing, gaskets, specialty tubing, and sporting goods.
-217-
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33-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Reynolds, Edward S. et al
HEPATOXICITY OF VINYL CHLORIDE AND 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
Am. J. Pathol. .§1^(1): 219-36 (October 1975)
Rats pretreated with phenobarbital before receiving a single 5-hr exposure to
5% VCM (reported in an earlier study) developed acute liver injury. In this
study, pretreatment with Aroclor 1254 produced similar results. The hepatoxic
effects of phenobarbitol pretreatment seem to result from an increase or change
in the metabolism of diverse halocarbons traced to the mixed function oxidase
system (MFOS). Comparison is made with the liver injuries caused by 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene and trichloroethylene under certain conditions. This study of the role
of differential induction of MFOS components by zenobiotics in the acute
responses of animals to vinyl chloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene indicates a need
to determine the basic chemical processes involved in vinyl chloride injury.
-218-
-------
33-0031
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
Chem. Eng. News _53 (45): 14 (10 November 1975)
When completed in 1978, the expansion of PPG's Lake Charles, La., facility
should add over 50 million Ib/yr to the company's vinylldene chloride capacity.
-219-
-------
33-0032
NITROSAMINES
Liener, Irvin E., editor
TOXIC CONSTITUENTS OF ANIMAL FOODSTUFFS
Academic Press, NYC, 1974. 222 pp. $31.00
This book on food science and technology contains a section on nitrosamines,
written by N.P. Sen, according to a recent announcement in "Current Contents -
Life Sciences".
33-0033
NITROSAMINES
Fine, David H. et al
ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS IN DRINKING WATER AT THE PART
PER TRILLION LEVEL
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14 (4): 404-8 (October 1975)
Examination of water supplies in the New Orleans and Boston areas, using two
different concentration and extraction methods, failed to show the presence
of volatile N-nitrosamines in the water at the sub yg/1 level. Test procedures
were based on liquid-liquid extraction and on adsorption of the organic fraction
on carbon followed by extraction with chloroform and alcohol.
-220-
-------
33-0034
NITROSAMINES
Anon
ADDITIVES ON WAY OUT?
Chem. Week j.17 (18): 17 (29 October 1975)
Following a report by USDA's panel on nitrites and .nitrosamines, the Agriculture
Dept. may ban the use of nitrate additives and reduce permissible nitrite
residue levels in meat and poultry products.
Considering proposed limits on nitrite residues in bacon, which contains the
highest levels of nitrosamines, USDA expects to recommend in December a level
that will preclude nitrosamines formation. One difficulty is the lack of a
nitrite substitute that would effectively prevent botulism.
-221-
-------
33-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Spence, J.W. et al
EFFECTS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS ON PAINTS: A CHAMBER STUDY
J. Paint Technol. 47^ (609): 57-63 (October 1975)
As part of a long-range program to develop dose response relationships
between environmental factors and exterior coatings, four types of exterior
paints (oil-base house paint, acrylic latex house paint, vinyl coil coating,
and acrylic coil coating) were exposed to sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, and humidity in a controlled environment. In more than 20,000
hours of exposure time, S02 concentration appeared to have a significant effect
on the erosion rate of housepaints. In a regression analysis, SO- concentration
and humidity governed 61% of the variability. Reaction of S0£ with the aluminum
substrate voided the data on erosion rates of acrylic latex housepaints. For
vinyl coil coating, S02 times relative humidity accounted for 34% of the varia-
bility, but at the primary standard of 80 yg/cu m S02 the S02 apparently
contributed to less than 5% of the erosion rate. Acrylic coil coating had the
lowest erosion rates, affected primarily by ozone. Test results preclude the
need of additional tests with the three pollutants, but the results are not
necessarily representative of the erosion characteristics of an entire class of
paints, which will be governed by particular paint components. Paints with
calcium carbonate extenders might be more susceptible to S02.
33-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thomson, A.J.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION METALS
Nature 257 (5527): 536-7 (16 October 1975)
Although the biochemical activities of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn are well known,
less is known about the other five elements of the first transition series.
Vanadium, however, has been found in high concentrations in the blood cells of
ascidians (sea squirts). The biological roles of chromium and nickel are
now of interest, and the role of chromium in glucose metabolism in man and
animals has been documented.
Nickel, long considered biologically inactive, has now been reported in the
blood sera of man and animals at certain levels, and jack bean urease has been
identified as a metalloenzyme containing Ni. In addition to vanadium, Carlisle
in 1968 reported the accumulation by some species of marine animals of Ti, Cr,
Mn, Fe, and Ta, and the possible accumulation in these species of Mo, Zr, and W.
-222-
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33-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
AIR POLLUTION FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS?
Environ. Rep. _6 (12): 91 (31 October 1975)
Potentially pathogenic bacteria may be present in the gaseous effluents
discharged from sewage treatment plants, according to a study by the City
University of New York in which certain such bacteria were detected in the
atmosphere.
Attention should be paid to facilities located upwind of those places in-
habited by the young, the old, or the infirm, who may be prey to infections.
Treatment plant workers may also be exposed.
33-0038
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MICROWAVE EFFECTS PROCEEDINGS
Environ. Rep. 6_(12): 92 (31 October 1975)
Bureau of Radiological Health (HFX-25), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Md. 20852
has available some free copies of PB-739 554, the proceedings of an Oct. 1973
"International Symposium on the Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Micro-
wave Radiation", which is also available at $10 from NTIS.
-223-
-------
33-0039
GENERAL INFORMATION
Proctor, Nick H. and Casida, John E.
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND METHYL CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE TERATOGENESIS: DIMINISHED
NAD IN CHICKEN EMBRYOS
Science 190 (4214): 580-2 <7 November 1975)
Increasing substitution of organophosphorus (OP) and methyl carbamate (MC)
compounds for chlorinated pesticides necessitates an understanding of their
potential health hazards.
In this study of the mechanism of teratogenesis in chicken embryos it appears
that the OP and MC teratogenic effects are related to the degree of reduction
in the embryo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels. The data
presented may be useful in assessing other types of biological activities of
these pesticides, which are not associated with inhibition of acetylcholines
terase.
33-0040
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PLUTONIUM SHIPMENTS BY AIR. . .
Environment 17. (8): 21 (November 1975)
Following Congressman Aspin's concern that the import by air of hundreds of
pounds of plutonium oxide could cause a disaster at Kennedy Airport in New York,
or elsewhere, a new law has been passed that bans such shipments pending develop-
ment of a crash- and explosion- proof container. As of 20 August 1975, the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission suspended plutonium air shipments indefinitely.
(See also: CATS 19-0038).
-224-
-------
34-0001
ACETONITRILE
(Uses)
Anon
CHEMICAL METHOD RECOVERS COPPER FROM ORE, TAILINGS
Chem. Week 117 (21): 40 (19 November 1975)
Air Products and Chemicals will study the economic feasibility of a reportedly
promising technique to recover copper from ores or from copper tailings. In
this Australian developed method cuprous sulfate solutions are leached from
roasted copper concentrates using a not too expensive solvent, acetonitrile in
water. The copper is recovered when the acetonitrile solution is distilled.
Process advantages include operation under low-pressure steam and low SO-
emissions. On the other hand, Anaconda rejected a similar process some months
ago, when trials at its Butte, Montana smelter showed it to be not economical.
-225-
-------
34-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
(Markets)
Anon
SLOWER FIBER GROWTH
Chem. Week 117 (22) : 16 (26 November 1975)
Fiber market forecasters see a slow down in consumption in the coming years.
Total world synthetic fiber consumption will increase 10%/year during the 1972-
1980 period, while world capacity will grow at 8%/year for the same period.
Among raw materials, acrylonitrile could be in short supply in 1977 and 1980,
based on the estimated demand for acrylic fibers. Additional acrylonitrile
capacity is planned for 1981; help for U.S. demand may come from development of
offshore acrylonitrile projects.
-226-
-------
34-0003
ARSENIC
Rossman, Toby et al
EFFECTS OF SODIUM ARSENITE ON THE SURVIVAL OF UV-IRRADIATED ESCHERICHIA COLT:
INHIBITION OF A recA-DEPENDENT FUNCTION
Mutat..Res. 3Q (2): 157-62 (November" 3.975)
Epidemiological and clinical data have linked arsenicals with cancer, particu-
larly skin cancer, but animal studies have not confirmed these observations.
To determine if arsenic compounds under certain conditions might be cocarcino-
gens the authors investigated the possibility of arsenic compounds interfering
with DNA repair. Sodium arsenite tested on E. aoli inhibited renair of UV-
induced lesions in wild-type and excision-defective strains; the effect increased
with increasing UV. The arsenite did not affect reoA strains, but increased the
survival of exrA strains. These results indicate that, if arsenite is found to
inhibit repair in eukaryotic cells, that could explain the cocarcinogenic effect
of arsenic compounds.
-227-
-------
34-0004
FLUOROCARBONS
Lillian, Daniel et al
ATMOSPHERIC FATES OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS
Environ. Sci. Techno 1_. 9. (12): 1042-8 (November 1975)
Maximum, minimum, and average concentrations of 11 halocarbons were obtained
under various geographical and meteorological conditions at various U.S. urban
and nonurban locations and over the ocean. Certain compounds (CC1 F, CC1?F2,
CHoCClo and CC1/) were easily measurable and were found at all locations,
generally in sub-ppb concentrations. Others were found primarily near urban
areas; others only in areas where a possible source existed. Vinyl chloride
appeared only in Delaware City, Del., in concentrations up to 1.5 ppm. The
halocarbons are useful tracers of atmospheric transport.
34-0005
FLUOROCARBONS
Jaffe, Richard J.
CHLOROFLUOROCARBON PROBLEM (Letter to Editor)
Chem. Eng. News 5_3 (47): 3 (24 November 1975)
Pointing out that some precious letters on the subject contained misinformation,
the writer spells out known facts on chlorofluorocarbons, which he concludes
definitely indicate their implication in depleting the ozone layer of the earth.
He recommends that provisional phasing out of "Freon" production should start now,
while research is underway, with final or permanent action to follow after the
studies are completed.
-228-
-------
34-0006
ISOCYANATES
Anon
POLYURETHANE CHEMICALS ARE GOING STRONG AGAIN
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (47): 7 (24 November 1975)
Isocyanates, polyols and other polyurethane chemicals are selling well again,
according to Union Carbide's R.H. Hughes. Carbide's polyurethane business
started on the upward trend in the spring and has been going strong since July.
Polyurethane chemicals, among the first casualties of the recession, might well
serve as indicators for the status of the chemical industry in general.
-229-
-------
34-0007
NAPHTHYLAMINES
Swaffield, Laura
CUTTING OUT CANCERS
Nature 258 (5531): 94-5 (13 November 1975)
The ILO set forth a Convention and a Recommendation on international standards
to protect workers against carcinogens, which should help in establishing
useful principles and counteracting past abuses. However, the documents cover
only known carcinogens. Difficulties in determining limits for standardized
international agreements for occupational exposure levels are illustrated by
contrasting industry's action on two chemicals. Although 2-naphthylamine was
considered a potential carcinogen in 1938, some companies did not start screening
workers until 1960 or 1965. By 1970, about 450 workers were found to have bladder
cancer. On the other hand, VCM-caused angiosarcomas were discovered in early
1974 and, by mid-1974, England's Dept. of Employment was working to lower the
threshold limit value of VCM from 50 to 25 ppm.
-230-
-------
34-0008
POLYURETHANES
(Markets)
Anon
PETER SHERWOOD ASSOCIATES, INC. . . .
Rubber Age 107 (11): 6 (1975)
Increasing markets for polyurethane are predicted in a multi-client study by
Peter Sherwood Associates, Inc., N.Y.C. The optimistic estimates given may
actually be too low.
POLYURETHANES
See: 34-0006, Isocyanates
-231-
-------
34-0009
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
SEEKING VCM SUPPLY
Chem. Week 117 (21): 13 (19 November 1975)
Needing more vinyl chloride, Robintech Inc. (Fort Worth, Texas) seeks to buy a
major chemical complex, probably Allied Chemical's Baton Rouge, La., plant with
an estimated annual capacity of 300 million Ib. VCM, which would supply Robintech's
PVC unit at Painesville, Ohio.
Shintech, jointly owned by Robintech and Shin-Etsu of Japan, operates a 220-million-
Ib/yr PVC plant at Freeport, Texas, which receives VCM from Dow's Freeport plant.
Dow is expanding its plant to 330 million Ib/yr of VCM, a 50% increase.
34-0010
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PULLING OUT OF PVC
Chem. Week 117 (22): 14 (26 November 1975)
Increasing costs, particularly those necessitated by OSHA's standards and EPA
emissions rules, prompted Uniroyal Chemical to phase out all PVC resin production at
its 125-130-million-lb/yr Painesville, Ohio plant.
-232-
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: *34-0004, Fluorocarbons
34-0007, Naphthylamines
-233-
-------
34-0011
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
TREES GET THEIR SIGNALS CROSSED: THE CULPRIT IS SECURITY LIGHTING
NTS Environ. ,5 (5): 9 (November 1975)
High pressure sodium street lights are affecting the growth patterns of 16 or
more tree species, with some trees continuing to grow during Fall. Such rapid
growth in the wrong season makes the trees, and their leaves, more sensitive to
the harmful effects of air pollutants.
34-0012
GENERAL INFORMATION
Beil, Karen M.
COKE OVENS VERSUS PUBLIC HEALTH
NYS Environ. ^ (5): 4 (November 1975)
According to Dr. Beverly Paigen, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, 25%
of coke oven workers, who work on top of the ovens for at least 5 years, will
die of lung cancer. She traces the cause of the cancer to benzo(a)pyrene and
indicates that individuals with a higher level of the enzyme, aryl hydrocarbon
hydroxylase, are more susceptible. Coke ovens are responsible for 97% of the
benzo(a)pyrene in Erie County air. Bethlehem Steel emits 8.5 tons/yr, Donner-
Hanna, 2.5 tons; and Allied Chemical Semet Solvey Division, 1" ton.
-234-
-------
34-0013
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EARTHWORMS AS MONITORS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE?
Environ. Sci. Tech. 9_ (12): 1008 (November 1975)
Soil scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison report earthworms take
up metals in the soil and then, when placed in "clean" soil, release the metals,
Tests were made with radioactive cobalt, cadmium, zinc and mercury, indicating
that the worms may be used to monitor heavy metals in sewage sludge.
34-0014
GENERAL INFORMATION
Rosenkranz, Herbert S. et al
CHLOROPROPANOL, A MUTAGENIC RESIDUE RESULTING FROM PROPYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION
Mutat. Res. J30 (2): 303-4 (November 1975)
The fumigant, propylene oxide, has been widely used to sterilize cereals, dried fruits
fruits, cocoa, etc. During sterilization procedures the non-volatile residual
chloropropanols (l-chloro-2-propanol and 2-chloro-l-propanol) are formed.
A preparation containing these compounds was found to be mutagenic to Salmonella
typhimwrium TA1530. Because consumption of 1 Ib of fumigated food may cause an
intake of up to 21 mg of l-chloro-2-propanol, daily intake could be high. Alter-
nate sterilization methods should be sought and animal carcinogenicity studies
are recommended.
-235-
-------
34-0015
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WATER FLUORIDATION DOES NOT CAUSE CANCER. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53 (47) : 25 (24 November 1975)
After studying cancer mortality patterns over a 15-year period in areas with 95%
of the population exposed to fluorides in water, the NCI has concluded that
fluoridation does not cause cancer. Where there were high levels of natural
fluorides, there was less mortality from brain and nervous system cancers.
34-0016
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
THALLIUM TENDS TO SETTLE INTO STREAM SEDIMENT. . .
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (47) : 25 (24 November 1975)
In a study for EPA, Calspan Corp. reported that thallium seems to settle into
stream sediment instead of moving up through the food chain. Heavy metals tend
to accumulate more in rooted plants than in algae, fish, or other biota.
-236-
-------
ACETONITRILE
See: 35-0001, Acrylonitrile
-237-
-------
35-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
ACRYLONITRILE (Sohio Process) - The Badger Co., Inc.
Hydrocarbon Process^ 5_4_ (11): 108 (November 1975)
Reactor operating conditions are illustrated for the production of acrylonitrile
from propylene, anhydrous fertilizer grade ammonia and air. Fluid-bed catalyst
(catalyst 41) now used in process increases yield of acrylonitrile over that
obtained previously. Possible by-products are high-purity HCN and acetonitrile.
Process, used in 45 or more plants (with annual capacities of approximately 20
million to 350 million Ib), accounts for world-wide capacity of over 5 billion
Ib/yr acrylonitrile.
35-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
REICHHOLD WILL BUY STANDARD BRANDS CHEMICAL FOR MORE THAN $20 MILLION
Chem. Week 117 (24): 13 (10 December 1975)
Purchase of Standard Brands Chemical Industries, Dover, Delaware, by Reichhold
Chemicals, White Plains, New York, for over $20 million is expected in January
1976. This subsidiary of Standard Brands with annual sales of $45-50 million
is big producer of polymers and latexes, including acrylonitrile.
-238-
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35-0003
ARSENIC
Matsumoto, N. et al
FETAL BODY BURDEN OF CHEMICALS AND ITS EFFECT ON FETAL GROWTH
Abstract of Paper Presented at 15th Annual Meeting of the Congenital Anomalies
Research Association of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, November 7-9, 1975 in: Teratology 12
(2): 203 (October 1975)
Arsenic, lithium, cadmium and chromium were used in experiments designed to
determine the distribution of chemicals among maternal-placento-fetal units
(species not identified) and dose-response relationship. Fetal tissues retained
arsenic long after administration. Higher doses of arsenic resulted in lower-
weight fetuses at day 18 of gestation. Intra uterine growth retardation was
observed with all the chemicals.
35-0004
ARSENIC
Wilshire, Frank W. et al
RAPID RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION OF SELECTED TOXIC ELEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
SAMPLES PRIOR TO GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY
Anal. Chem. 47 (14): 2399-2403 (December 1975)
Liquid anion exchange, using triisooctylamine, successfully separated the radio-
active isotopes of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, selenium, iodine, and zinc,
permitting more accurate analysis of environmental samples by gamma ray spectro-
metry.
-239-
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35-0005
ARSENIC
Anon
NAS PANEL UPHOLDS EPA's PESTICIDES POLICY
Chem. Eng, News 5_3 (49): 17 (December 8, 1975)
In Its "Contemporary Pest Control Practices and Prospects", a report to be
published in January 1976, the NAS Consultative Panel on Health Hazards of
Chemical Pesticides approves EPA's "nine principles" of carcinogenicity on
which EPA bases its pesticide decisions.
The Panel reports that the increase in deaths from lung and pancreas cancers
and from leukemia was apparent before the widespread use of synthetic organic
pesticides. Except for arsenic, many human carcinogens (e.g., asbestos,'
benzidine, bis(chloromethyl) ether, vinyl chloride, 2-naphthylamine) have been
found to be carcinogens in test animals. The Panel reports that a life-time
human incidence on a dose-per-body-weight basis, based on animal tests, can
be accurately predicted for such carcinogens as benzidine, vinyl chloride and
four others.
-240-
-------
ASBESTOS
See: 35-0005, Arsenic
See also; 35-0033 Vinyl chloride
-241-
-------
35-0006
BENZIDINE
Vesselinovitch, S.D. et al
FACTORS MODULATING BENZIDINE CARCINOGENICITY BIOASSAY
Cancer Res. 35 (10): 2814-9 (1975)
Adult mice given benzidine dihydrochloride in their diet for 84 weeks (at dose
levels of 50, 100, or 150 ppm) developed dose-related liver tumors, with females
showing the greater susceptibility. When benzidine was given by stomach in-
tubation over the same period of time, the carcinogenic effects were more evident
in the lung than in the liver. Male mice receiving 150 ppm of benzidine dihydro-
chloride for only 39 or 44 weeks had a higher incidence of liver tumors than those
eating the compound for 84 weeks. When infant mice were given 30 yg/day of.
benzidine by stomach intubation, only the males developed liver tumors.
BENZIDINE
See: 35-0005, Arsenic
-242-
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35-0007
BORON
McGinley, John R. and Schweikert, Emile A.
DETERMINATION OF LITHIUM, BORON, AND CARBON BY QUASI-PROMPT CHARGED PARTICLE
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
Anal. Chem. t\]_ (14): 2403-7 (December 1975)
Charged particle bombardment of lithium, boron, and carbon provides a rapid,
sensitive method for the nondestructive trace analysis of these elements in
botanical specimens and other materials.
-------
35-0008
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
DIAMOND SHAMROCK. . .
Chem. Eng. J52_ (25): 23 (24 November 1975)
New 90-million Ib/yr chlorinated paraffins plant planned for 1977 operation by
Diamond Shamrock Corp. near Houston, Texas, will triple capacity of company,
which now operates a plant at Painesville, Ohio. Product is expected to be
used as fire-retardant additives.
35-0009
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
MOBIL CHEMICAL. . .
Chem. Eng. 82_ (25): 90 (24 November 1975)
Trimethyl phosphite, intermediate in flame retardants and non-persistent crop
chemicals, will be available in greater amounts when Mobil Chemical Co. goes
onstream in 1977 with new Charleston, S.C., plant.
-244-
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35-0010
FLAME RETAKDANTS
(Use)
Anon
CHEMICALS LIMIT BLAZE DAMAGE
Chem. Week 117 (23) : 16 (3 December 1975)
Phos-Chek monoammonium phosphate, flame retardant manufactured by Monsanto, was
used to combat recent forest fires near Los Angeles. Over 20 million gal/yr
of flame retardants are used for fighting forest fires.
-245-
-------
35-0011
FLUORQCARBONS
Telegadas, K. and Ferber, G.J.
ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS AND INVENTORY OF KRYPTON-85 IN 1973
Science 190 (4217): 882-3 (28 November 1975)
From concentrations of krypton-85 measured in the atmosphere in 1973 at 1.5 to
20 kilometers, the total global burden of this radioisotope in the atmosphere
was calculated to be 53 Me. An increasing concentration of krypton-85 in the
atmosphere has resulted from nuclear industry growth over the last 20 years.
The distribution of fluorocarbon-11 in the stratospheric resembles that of
krypton-85. Both are inert gases but, if fluorocarbon-11 dissociates, its
distribution above 20 km should be different from that of krypton-85. Because
the latter has no sink in the region above 20 km and its half-life (10.76 years)
is known, comparisons of its distribution with that of fluorocarbon-11 might
provide data useful in analyzing the stratospheric ozone depletion problem.
35-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
VOLCANO MAY TEST OZONE THEORY
Household and Pers. Prod. Ind. 12_ (11): 8 (1975)
The expected eruption of a volcano in Alaska may offer a means of testing the
ozone depletion theory, according to Dr. J.P. Lodge, new advisor to the Council
on Atmospheric Sciences. Earlier, the eruption of Mount Agung in Bali, while
emitting much chlorine into the atmosphere, did not cause the effect in the
stratosphere that had been anticipated.
-246-
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35-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
DATA ON OZONE, DRINKING WATER REFINED
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (49): 6 (8 December 1975)
Scientists present at the First Chemical Congress of the North American Continent,
Mexico City, were told by Rowland and Molina (Univ. of California, Irvine) that
they had confirmed that the absorption cross section of F-12 at 2139 A in the
stratosphere is lower than at room temperatures, but that over the entire wave
length range and stratospheric temperature range their new calculations show that
the weighted absorption cross sections are only about 20% smaller than those at
room temperature. Their measurements indicate a 10% longer atmospheric residence
time for F-12. Similar results were obtained with chlorofluorocarbon-11.
-247-
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35-0014
HALOETHERS
Van Duuren, Benjamin L. et al
CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF DI- AND TRIFUNCTIONAL ct-CHLORO ETHERS AND OF 1,4-DICHLORO-
BUTENE-2 IN ICR/HA SWISS MICE
Cancer Res. 35_ (9): 2553-7 (1975)
Five a-chloro ethers and trans-l,4-dichlorobutene-2 were tested for carcinogenicity
in female mice. Bis-1,2(chloromethoxy)ethane, bis-1,4(chloromethoxy)-p-xylene,
and tris-l,2,3(chloromethoxy)propane all caused a high degree of tumors, whether
applied to the skin or injected by the i.p. or s.c. route. Bis-1,4(chloromethoxy)
butane, bis-l,6(chloromethoxy)hexane, and trans-l,4-dichlorobutene-2 caused few
tumors or were inactive by one or more routes of administrations. Bis-1,4(chloro-
methoxy) -p-xylene was the most carcinogenic of the compounds tested.
HALOETHERS
See: 35-0005, Arsenic
-248-
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35-0015
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Stonard, M.D.
MIXED TYPE HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCTION BY HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Biochem. Pharmacol. 2^ (21): 1959-63 (1 November 1975)
Microsomal spectral changes induced by hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were compared
with those induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbitone. Apparently,
HCB, which causes a mixed type induction, including the microsomal changes
induced by both phenobarbitone and 3-methylcholanthrene.
-249-
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35-0016
HYDRAZINE
Wyrobek, A.J. and Bruce, W.R.
CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF SPERM ABNORMALITIES IN MICE
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. _72. (11): 4425-9 (1975)'
Examination of the sperm of mice given 5 consecutive, daily intraperitoneal
injections of 25 potentially mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic chemicals
were examined at 1, 4, and 10 weeks after the end of exposure. Elevated levels
of sperm abnormalities were induced by 19 of the chemicals, but not by 1,1-di-
methylhydrazine, dimethylnitrosamine, urethane, DDT [l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis
(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], caffeine, and calcium cyclamate.
HYDRAZINE
See also: 35-0037, Nitrosamines
-250-
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35-0017
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
COAL CONVERSION ACTIVITIES PICKING UP
Chem. Eng. News .53 (48): 5 (1 December 1975)
Legislative and financial problems rather than a lack of confidence in the
technical feasibility of coal conversion processes have been impeding the
development of a U.S. coal conversion industry. Federal and state support is
needed to get industry and banks to start moving, and the recent action of
the state of Illinois in providing $70 million in bonding to help support
demonstration projects has already prompted a move by Coalcon Co. to start a
demonstration plant. Major coal conversion processes under consideration for
U.S. exploitation are reviewed briefly.
-251-
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NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 35-0005, Arsenic
-252-
-------
35-0018
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
PERCHLOROETHYLENE-TRICHLOROETHYLENE PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
Hydrocarbon Process. 54 (11): 169 (1975)
Flowsheet describes oxychlorination/oxyhydrochlorination process for making
perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene with no by-product HC1, using as
starting materials ethylene dichloride, recycled chlorinated organics, chlorine,
and oxygen. By-product streams from vinyl chloride plants can also by used as
process feedstock in this single-step PPG process. World-wide per— and trichloro-
ethylene production capacity for plants (existing or being built) using this
process is about 1 billion Ib/yr.
35-0019
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Greim, H. et al
MUTAGENICITY IN VITRO AND POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY OF CHLORINATED ETHYLENES AS
A FUNCTION OF METABOLIC OXIRANE FORMATION
Biochem. Pharmacol. 2£ (21): 2013-7 (1 November 1975)
The mutagenicity of the chlorinated ethylenes (tetrachloroethylene, cis- and
trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride) were
determined with a metabolic activating microsomal enzyme system in vitro.
A wide variation in the cytotoxicity of these compounds was noted. For 80-100%
survival of the tester strain only 1 mM of trichloroethylene.could be used
versus 10 mM of vinyl chloride. Mutagenic activity depended upon microsomal
enzyme activity. VCM was more mutagenic than trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene. The other 3 compounds were not metabolized to mutagens.
-253-
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PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See also: 35-0033, Vinyl chloride
-254-
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35-0020
PHTHALATES
Anon
CONFERENCE TAPS WATER-QUALITY ISSUES
Chem. Week 117 (24): 52-3 (10 December 1975)
At the First Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, held recently
in Mexico City, EPA researchers discussed factors governing presence of volatile
organics in drinking water and reported that minute concentrations of a phthalate
ester had been detected in samples of water from the Gulf of Mexico.
In another report, T.C. Shields of Ashland Oil announced the development of a new
fuel additive, identified only as AMD-4, which is said to be more effective than
MD (N,N'-disalicylidine-l,2-propanediamine), the standard antioxidant used since
the 1940's to prevent metals in tanks and engines from catalyzing the oxidation
of gasoline and diesel fuels.
-255-
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35-0021
POLYURETHANES
(Uses)
Anon
PLASTIC SCREENS VANQUISH ABRASIVES
Chem. Eng. 8£ (25): 35 (24 November 1975)
C.E. Tyler Industrial Products, Mentor, Ohio, claims new steel-reinforced poly-
urethane (Tyrethane) screens that can be used to classify crushed stone, iron
and copper ores, coal, sand» gravel, and some chemicals are more abrasion-
resistant, last longer, and more economical than woven wire cloth screens.
35-0022
POLYURETHANES
Nomura, T.
TERATOGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS BY URETHAN IN MICE
Abstract of Paper Presented at 15th Annual Meeting of the Congenital Anomalies
Res. Assoc. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, November 7-9, 1975
in: Teratology 12_ (2): 190 (October 1975)
Pregnant mice were given from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/g body weight of urethan on days 3
to 19 of gestation and mortality, malformation, and tumor development were
watched in the developing embryo. Malformation occurred only in organs exposed
at the early stage of organogenesls. Maximum lung anomaly resulted from a dose
of 1.5 mg/g on day 9; maximum liver anomaly occurred on day 8-. Malformation
incidence dropped from 93 to 34% at 1.5 mg/g to almost zero at 1.0 mg/g. In
contrast, lung and liver tumors developed from urethan given during late organo-
genesis and fetal growth of each organ, even in amounts as small as 0.2 mg.
-256-
-------
35-0023
POLYURETHANES
Yasuda, Y. and Nishimura, H.
A COMPARISON OF DIGITAL MALFORMATION INDUCED BY URETHANE IN VITRO WITH THOSE
INDUCED IN VIVO.
Abstract of aper Presented at 15th Annual Meeting of the Congenital Anomalies
Res. Assoc. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, November 7-9, 1975
in: Teratology 12_ (2): 218-9 (October 1975)
Pre- and postaxial polydactyly were induced when hind limbs from 13-day mouse
embryos were cultured with 0. 10, 50 pr 100 yg/ml on a liquid medium for 2
days. Administration of urethane in vivo on day 8 or 9 of gestation induced
polydactyly in the hind limbs and adactyly or syndactyly after administration on
day 10 of pregnancy, suggesting a possible difference in in vivo and in vitro
digital malformation mechanisms.
35-0024
POLYURETHANES
Matsuyama, Mutsushi et al
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPONTANEOUS AND URETHAN-INDUCED THYMOMAS IN BUFFALO RATS
Cancer Res. 35_ (10): 2771-9 (1975)
Electron microscopy was used to compare normal thymuses of rats and spontaneous
and urethane thymomas induced in rats by urethane.
-257-
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POLYURETHANES
See: 35-0016, Hydrazine
-258-
-------
35-0025
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
A SHALE OIL PROJECT. . .
Chem. Eng. 82_ (26): 81 (8 December 1975)
American Lurgi Corp. and Dravo Corp. will build a 4,000 ton/day shale oil
plant, based on Lurgi-Ruhrgas coal-gasification technology, in western U.S.
in next 2 or 3 years. Possible cost: $25-30 million. Environmental advantages:
low NO and S02 emissions.
-259-
-------
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 35-0018, Perchloroethylene
See: 35-0019, Perchloroethylene
See also: 35-0033, Vinyl chloride
-260-
-------
35-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE ~ B.F. GOODRICH CHEMICAL CO.
Hydrocarbon Process. j>4_ (11): 214 (1975)
Flowsheet and brief description of B.F. Goodrich process for making vinyl chloride
monomer and ethylene dichloride from ethylene, chlorine, and air. In 31 plants
(now operating or in building throughout the world) using this process, annual
capacity is 13 billion Ib of ethylene dichloride and 11 billion Ib of vinyl
chloride.
35-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE ~ PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
Hydrocarbon Process. 54, (11): 215 (1975)
Ethylene, oxygen, chlorine and hydrogen chloride are used to make vinyl chloride
monomer by the described (including flowsheet) PPG Industries process. World-
wide plants (current and near-future) using process have annual capacities of
over 3.8 million Ib of ethylene dichloride and 2 billion Ib of VCM.
-261-
-------
35-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE (MONSANTO CO.) — SCIENTIFIC DESIGN CO., INC.
Hydrocarbon Process. 5.4. (11): 217 (1975)
Flowsheet and brief description of VCM manufacture from ethylene, chlorine,
air or oxygen.
35-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
lammartino, Nicholas 31.
PVC MAKERS MOVE TO MOP UP MONOMER EMISSIONS
Chem. Eng. 82^ (25): 25-7 (24 November 1975)
Polyvinyl chloride manufacturers are bracing for the 1 April deadline of meeting
OSHA's stringent standards for VC. Larger, newer plants report achieving lower
than 1 ppm for most normal operations; smaller, older plants may have difficulties,
especially since EPA may move to regulate VC emissions to neighborhoods near
plants. One announced casualty: Uniroyal Chemical will close dcwn its ancient
Painesville, Ohio, plant. Production changes and other means taken by various
companies to reduce emissions are reviewed briefly.
-262-
-------
35-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CAPACITY GETS A BOOST
Chem. Eng. 82_ (24): 123 (10 November 1975)
Firestone Plastics Co's new 50-million-lb/yr plant at Perryville, Md., makes
it largest U.S. producer of PVC dispersion resins, made via a German continuous
polymerization process with new spray-drying technique. Plant meets OSHA standards
on VC monomer emissions: respirators may be needed in some instances. Firestone
Plastics anticipates no problem in meeting EPA limits of residual monomer content
of polymer product.
35-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
Huberman, Eliezer et al
MUTATION INDUCTION IN CHINESE HAMSTER V79 CELLS BY TWO VINYL CHLORIDE METABOLITES
CHLOROETHYLENE OXIDE AND 2-CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
Int. J. Cancer 16_ (4): 639-44 (15 October 1975)
A dose-dependent induction of 8-azaguanine-and ouabain-resistant mutants in a
mammalian cell system (Chinese hamster V79 cells) in vitro is reported for
chloroethylene oxide and 2-chloroacetaldehyde, which are thought to be potent-
ially carcinogenic metabolites of vinyl chloride in mammals. For both com-
pounds, mutation frequency of 8-azaguanine resistance at a concentration of
6 yM was 4 or 13 times that of the control; at a concentration of 13 yM chloro-
ethylene oxide, mutation frequency with 8-azaguanine or ouabain resistance
reached 8 or 23 times, resp. Under 2.5 mM, 2 chloroethanol or monochloroacetic
acid, a urinary VC metabolite in man and rats, did not induce 8-azaguanine-and
ouabain-resistant mutants.
-263-
-------
35-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
Barbin, A. et al
LIVER-MICROSOME-MEDIATED FORMATION OF ALKYLATING AGENTS FROM VINYL BROMIDE
AND VINYL CHLORIDE
Biochera. Biophys. Res. Commun. 67. (2): 596-603 (1975)
Mixtures of vinyl chloride/oxygen or vinyl bromide/air were passed through a
mouse-liver microsomal system. The resulting volatile alkylating metabolites,
trapped by a reaction with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine in ethylene glycol, had
absorption spectra similar to those of chloroethylene oxide and 4-(4-nitro-
benzyl) pyridine. The compound, 2-chloroacetaldehyde had a different spectrum.
The results indicate that both vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide are changed by
microsomal enzymes into their corresponding epoxides. The latter react with
4-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridine to give similar adducts.
35-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Market)
Anon
THE VINYL CHLORIDE OUTLOOK IS BRIGHT. . .
Chem. Eng. 82^ (26): 79-80 (8 December 1975)
Optimistic outlook for VC should boost demand for chlorine feedstock by 8%/yr,
according to Olin Corp., which plans to have a new $100-million chlor-alkali
unit onstream in 1978 at Mclntosh, Alabama. New unit will boost Olin's
capacity by 60%, adding 1,000 tons of chlorine and 1,100 tons of caustic.
Process to be used in Hooker Chemical's H4 diaphragm cells with resin-stabi-
lized asbestos diaphragms.
-264-
-------
35-0034
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
PVC TAGS ARE RAISED BY ROBINTECH AND TENNECO
Chem. Week 117 (24) : 23 (10 December 1975)
Robintech and Tenneco Chemicals have raised PVC price to 25
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 35-0005, Arsenic
See: 35-0018, Perchloroethylene
See: 35-0019, Perchloroethylene
-266-
-------
35-0036
NITROSAMINES
Hasebe, Kiyoshi and Osteryoung, Janet
DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLARQRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SOME CARCINOGENIC NITROSAMINES
Anal. Chem. 47_ (14): 2412-8 (December 1975)
Results of the Pulse polarographic analysis of N-nitrosopyrrolidine and its
derivatives, N-nitrosoproline and N-nitroso-4-hydroxyproline, in buffered
solution at varying pH are discussed. The study took into account the
following factors: temperature, mercury pressure, modulation amplitude,
surfactant concentration, solvent and supporting electrolyte. The potential
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or teratogenicity of some N-nitrosamines
prompted the study.
35-0037
NITROSAMINES
Anon
FUEL PLANT UNDER FIRE
Chem. Week 117 (24) : 21 (10 December 1975)
Maryland state health officials seek to close FMC's Baltimore rocket fuel plant
following EPA findings showing 12 ppb of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in air near
plant. FMC uses DMN, a suspected carcinogen, to make unsymmetrical dimethyl-
hydrazine. FMC claims no reported serious illnesses from DMN at its plant.
Meanwhile, EPA is sampling air near plants in Belle, W. Va., and in the Kanawha
Valley. Although no nitrosamines have been detected in these areas, EPA is
concerned that atmospheric nitrosamines may form from amines .and nitrogen oxides.
-267-
-------
35-0038
NITROSAMINES
Anon
POTENT MUTAGEN SYNTHESIZED AT NIH
Chem. Eng. News .53_ (49): 28 (8 December 1975)
An extremely potent mutagen, a diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene, has been synthe-
sized in a National Institutes of Health program seeking potential metabolites
of the carcinogenic compound, benzo[a]pyrene. The new mutagen is much more
active than ethyl methane sulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
35-0039
NITROSAMINES
Frantz, C.N. and Mailing, H.V.
FACTORS AFFECTING METABOLISM AND MUTAGENICITY OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE AND
DIETHYLNITROSAMINE
Cancer Res. 35_ (9): 2307-14 (1975)
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) has been identified as a carcinogen, mutagen, and
hepatoxin. Mutations from its microsomal metabolism increased linearly with
time for 30 minutes of incubation in tests using Salmonella typhimurium.
Metabolism of DMN to a mutagen may depend upon DMN demethylase activity.
Hepatic dealkylation of DMN and diethylnitrosamine in rats and mice was in-
creased by 3-MC (a standard enzyme) and phenobarbital induction.
-268-
-------
35-0040
NITROSAMINES
Rogers, Adrienne E.
VARIABLE EFFECTS OF A LIPOTROPE-DEFICIENT, HIGH-FAT DIET ON CHEMICAL CARCINO-
GENESIS IN RATS
Cancer Res. 35_ (9): 2469-74 (1975)
In this study in which rats were fed a marginally lipotrope-deficient, high-
fat diet or an adequate diet and treated various chemicals, including N-methyl-
N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine (MNNG), liver tumors were induced more rapidly and
in greater numbers in rats on the deficient diets by N-2-fluorenylacetamide
and other compounds tested. However, with MNNG there was no dietary effect
on induction of gastric tumors.
35-0041
NITROSAMINES
Mohr, Ulrich et al
TRANSPLACENTAL EFFECTS OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS AS RELATED TO
DIFFERENT DAYS OF ADMINISTRATION DURING PREGNANCY
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55. (3): 681-3 (September 1975)
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered to pregnant Syrian hamsters in a single
sc dose (45 mg DEN/kg body wt) on 1 of the 15 days of pregnancy. Respiratory
tract tumors occurred only in offspring of mothers who received the DEN on 1 of
the last 4 days of pregnancy. The incidence rate was as high as 95%. Tumors
developed, however, in the suprarenal glands, forestomach, liver and thyroid of
offspring of mothers given DEN on days 1 through 11, indicating that the fetal
respiratory epithelium has to attain a certain degree of differentiation to be
susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of DEN.
-269-
-------
35-0042
NITROSAMINES
Mlrvish, Sidney S.
INDUCTION OF MOUSE LUNG ADENOMAS BY AMINES OR UREAS PLUS NITRITE AND BY N-NITROSO
COMPOUNDS: EFFECT OF ASCORBATE, GALLIC ACID, THIOCYANATE, AND CAFFEINE
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. _55_ (3): 633-6 (September 1975)
Mononitrosopiperazine (MNP), N-nitrosomorpholine (NM), and methylnltrosourea
(MNU) were given to mice in varying concentrations in their drinking water.
All three compounds induced lung adenomas but the adenoma yield was apparently
proportional to nitrosamlne concentration for NM and MNP at low concentration.
At a three times greater concentration of MNU, adenoma yield rose 12.5 times.
Sodium ascorbate and gallic acid proved useful for blocking in vivo nitrosation
and it is suggested that one of these compounds be administered with readily
nitrosatable drugs.
35-0043
NITROSAMINES
Low, Hans
NITROSO COMPOUNDS. SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Arch. Environ. Health 29; 256-60 (November 1974)
The properties, carcinogenicity, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis for nitroso
compounds are reviewed briefly.
Man can be exposed to carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines in
his work, from his food, from drugs, etc. The extract from dried tobacco leaves
was found to contain nitrosopiperidine. A paper published in Germany in 1967
recommended the use of the non-carcinogenic p-tolylsulfonylmethylnitrosamine
instead of nitroso-methylurethane in the synthesis of diazomethane.
-270-
-------
35-0044
NITROSAMINES
Nettesheim, P. et al
CARCINOGENIC AND COCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF INHALED SYNTHETIC SMOG AND FERRIC
OXIDE PARTICLES
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55. (1): 159-69 (July 1975)
Syrian hamsters inhaled either synthetic smog, Fe^O^, or combination of the two,
for 6 hr/day, 5 times/wk for life. Half of the test animals were given sc
injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 12 times a week (0.25 mg each dose).
Results indicated that inhaled Fe203 particles enhanced the induction of DEN
cancers in the lungs, while synthetic smog did not.
Inhalation of Fe203 or synthetic smog, alone or in combination did not cause
cancers in the hamsters. Pulmonary fibrosis was noted in some animals exposed
to Fe0-, and alveolar bronchiolization occurred in some exposed to synthetic smog.
NITROSAMINES
See: 35-0016, Hydrazine
-271-
-------
35-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Wilson, Hugh H. and Johnson, Larry D.
CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM BRICK PLANT KILNS
Ceram. Bull. 54_ (11): 990-1, 994 (1975)
Atmospheric emissions from four U.S. brick plants were analyzed and the major
pollutants were determined to be sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, and fluorine.
Other emissions in the stack gases were nitrogen oxides, chlorine, and particu-
lates. Except for the S02 emissions at one plant, the emissions were not found
to be of a magnitude to cause environmental concern.
35-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Martin, J.H. and Broenkow, W.W.
CADMIUM IN PLANKTON: ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OFF BAJA CALIFORNIA
Science 190 (4217) : 884-5 (28 November 1975)
Analysis of the cadmium content of 135 plankton samples from the northeast
Pacific Ocean showed relatively low concentrations, ranging from 2 to 5 micro-
grams of Cd/g, dry weight. One exception: from 10 to 20 ppm of Cd were
detected in plankton collected off Baja California.
-272-
-------
35-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
A NEW PROCESS FOR RECOVERING ANTIMONY FROM ORE CONCENTRATES. . .
Chem. Eng. 812 (25) : 18 (24 November 1975)
Asarco Inc. will smelt its antimony ore concentrates in a reverberatory-type
furnace in its $7-million El Paso refinery, which should be on stream at end
of 1976, producing 5 tons Sb/day.
Although Asarco is claiming a new process, available information indicates a
conventional method. After the concentrates are smelted, a metallic mixture
will be continuously tapped and granulated. The granules will be dissolved
in an unnamed solvent and the Sb will be removed electrochemically.
35-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
EFFECT OF TRACE METALS ON SEA LIONS PROBED
Chem. Eng. News j>3_ (46): 34 (17 November 1975)
Ocean pollutants seem to be having an effect on sea lions and other marine life.
The premature pupping noticed in sea lions could be caused by an imbalance among
mercury, selenium, and bromine in mother seals. A higher ratio of selenium to
mercury in the affected seals and a lower level of bromine in their livers may
be responsible.
DDT concentrations are lower in crabs, mussels and other marine animals in the
Pacific Ocean but remain high in fish living on the bottom near DDT-contaminated
sediments, indicating potential hazards for some time yet from eating Dover sole
or other contaminated bottom fish. DDT-caused fin rot has been observed in some
fish.
-273-
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35-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PCB SUBSTITUTE IS SAFE FOR ENVIRONMENT
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (49): 7 (8 December 1975)
Dow Chemical and McGraw Edison announce an environmentally safer PCB substitute,
a butylated monochlorodiphenyl oxide. The new material, which is said to be
more biodegradable, less bioconcentratable, and less toxic to fish than the
PCB's, will be used in McGraw Edison's capacitors starting in mid-1976.
35-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
LEAD BUILDUP IN HUMANS MAY RESULT FROM EXPOSURE TO AUTO EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Chem. Week jj.7 (24) :_.59 (10 December 1975)
Southwest Research Institute reports that lead levels in the blood were higher
(over 40 micrograms/100 ml) in people living along a busy freeway than in
those living in desert areas. Apparently, lead builds up in bodies of those
exposed to high concentrations of automotive exhausts.
-274-
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36-0001
ARSENIC
Ember, Lois
THE SPECTER OF CANCER
Environ. Sci. Technol. 9^ (13): 1116-21 (December 1975)
A review of programs underway and those needed to control and prevent the
environmentally-caused diseases, which are considered increasing, is given.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)'s analytical studies and list of 32 carcino-
genic substances; EPA's interest; the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals;
the need for data and for information on the potential hazards of the more
then 200,000 chemicals of commerce available, e.g., a National Environmental
Banking System, NIOSH activities, and several problem areas are discussed. .
Carcinogens such as arsenic, asbestos, benzene, benzidine, bis(chloromethyl)
ether, cadmium oxide and sulfate, chromium compounds, nickel compounds, soot
and tars, stilbestrol, naphthylamines, vinyl chloride, etc; are mentioned.
-275-
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36-0002
ASBESTOS
Rajbans, G.S. and Bragg, G.M.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ASBESTOS FIBER COUNTING IN THE LABORATORY AND
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J...36. (12): 909-15 (1975)
Measuring airborne asbestos fibers by the membrane filter method is relatively
standardized and, according to the authors, sufficiently precise for industrial
measurements. A detailed discussion of the reproducibility of standard fiber
counts in the laboratory and four industrial plants is given. Standard
deviations varied from 0,4 to 1.2f/ml for the results under field conditions
and were approximately 0.2f/ml for the counts under ideal laboratory conditions.
ASBESTOS
See: 36-0001, Arsenic
-276-
-------
BENZIDINE
See: 36-0001, Arsenic
-277-
-------
36-0003
BORON
Anon
NEW METALLIC GLASSES HAVE BETTER HARDNESS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chem. Week 117. (25): 27 (December 1975)
New ferrous metallic glasses from boron and iron with improved hardness
and magnetic properties has been developed by the Materials Research center
of Allied Chemical. These new alloys extend the temperature range in which
the metallic glasses can be used. Potential applications include reinforcing
elastomers and plastics, cutlery, corrosion-resistant cable, magnetic trans-
former cores, magnetic shields, and tape recording heads.
-278-
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36-0004
DIOXANE
Anon
OSHA COMPLETES TECHNICAL DRAFTS FOR 18 TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Job Saf. Health Rep. 5. (23): 230 (17 November 1975)
Dioxane is one of 18 toxic substances for which OSHA announced in the November
4, 1975 Federal Register that draft technical standards have been prepared
and are available at OSHA, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Room N3620, 200 Constitution
Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210 or at OSHA regional offices.
-279-
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36-0005
FLAME RETARDANTS
Orphanides, Gus G.
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY CONCERNING FIRE SAFETY' ASPECTS OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Army Foreign Science & Technol. Center, Chariottesville Va. 1 April 1974, 49 p.
Rep. NO. FSTC-CWnOl-110-74
This working paper presents the salient features of the foreign technology
concerning fire safety aspects of polymeric materials. It describes the
current state of foreign test methods, of foreign contributions to the
understanding of fire dynamics, and of foreign organic fire resistant polymers.
Particular attention is paid to developments in the United Kingdom. France,
West Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75_(9): 147-8 (2 May 1975)
36-0006
FLAME RETARDANTS
Anon
CPSC WAIVES TESTING ON UM & M SLEEPWEAR
Text. World 125 (12): 23 (December 1975)
The all-cotton children's sleepwear fabric Wonderama of United Merchants and
Mfrs. (U.M.&M.), finished with Fire Stop, a tetrakis hydromethyl phosphonium
chloride (THPC)- derived finish, developed jointly by U.M.&M. and Cotton, Inc.,
received a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) waiver for multiple
laundering testing requirements. A statistical study by U.M.&M. showed 99.31%
conformance to CPSC standards following 50 home launderings and tumble dryings
and was based on the previous 3.8 million yd. production.
-280-
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36-0007
FLUOROCARBONS
Symons, James M. et al
NATIONAL ORGANICS RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY FOR HALOGENATED ORGANICS
J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 67. (11): part 1 634-47 (November 1975)
A National Organics Reconnaissance Survey (NORS) of 80 U.S. cities was conducted
by EPA to determine the extent and presence of the four trihalomethanes —
chloroform (trichloromethane), bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromo-
form (tribromomethane), 1,2-dichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride in finished
water and the effect raw-water source and water-treatment practices have on the
formation of these compounds. Due to chlorination, the four trihalomethanes were
found widely in U.S. drinking waters but were absent or present only in low
concentrations in the raw waters tested. Carbon tetrachloride was not found in
the raw water of 95% of the locations tested nor 87.5% of the finished waters
tested with 3yg/l being the highest concentration found. Similarly 1,2-dichloro-
ethane was not found in the raw water of 86% of the locations tested nor 67.5%
of the finished waters tested with the highest concentration being 6yg/l.
36-0008
FLUOROCARBONS
Bohning, D.E. et al
EFFECTS OF FLUOROCARBONS 11 AND 12 ON TRACHEOBRONCHIAL PARTICLE DEPOSITION AND
CLEARANCE IN DONKEYS
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36. (12): 902-8 (1975)
After exposure to 1000 ppm fluorinated hydrocarbons (F-ll and F-12) separately
and in a 50/50 mixture, alterations in tracheobronchial particle deposition
or clearance in donkeys due to the fluorocarbon exposures were studied for the
FC11 tests mean concentration was 1015 + 86 ppm and for the FC12 tests mean
concentration was 1091 + 90 ppm. FC11 concentration was 487 + 46 ppm and FC12
concentration was 598 + 47 ppm for the mixture. Regional particle deposition
or mucocilliary clearance rates in donkeys were not significantly altered by the
exposure to FC-11 and FC-12 for up to six hours. Furthermore, 13 months of
intermittent exposure to fluorocarbons, amounting to approximately 114 hours
per animal, showed no cumulative residual effects on retention levels and
clearance rates.
-281-
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36-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
REPORT CITES EFFECTS OF FLUOROCARBON BAN
Chem. Eng. News 53 (50): 8 (15 December 1975)
A report entitled, "Preliminary Economic Impact Assessment of Possible Regulatory
Action to Control Atmospheric Emissions of Selected Halocarbons", was prepared
for EPA by Arthur D. Little, Inc. Ten primary industry sector affected in some
way by any restriction on the production or emission of chlorofluorocarbons
(F-ll, F-12 and F-22) and chlorocarbons (carbon tetratrachloride and methyl
chloroform) are identified according to impact of regulation and implementation
time.
36-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Evans, Joseph E. and Arnold, James T.
MONITORING ORGANIC VAPORS
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1134-38 (December 1975)
A portable mass spectrometer for field use in detecting organic vapors in the
parts per billion (ppb) range has been developed for monitoring ambient and
workplace air environments. The U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency is
already using the portable vapor detection system. A representative list of
compounds being monitored on a daily basis includes chloroform, carbon tetra-
chloride, bis-chloromethyl ether, dichloromonofluoromethane, formaldehyde,
hexachloroethane, methyl isobutyl ketone, 8-naphthylamine, vinyl chloride, etc.
Sensitivity for perchloroethylene in ambient air with the portable vapor detector
has a lower detection limit of <0.1 ppb <0.1 ppb (> 0.7 Vgm3) at 164 MW.
-282-
-------
36-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MORE BAD NEWS FOR CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (51): 5 (22 December 1975)
Balloon-borne measurements in the stratosphere over New Mexico show concentrations
of chlorofluorocarbons CF-11 and CF-12 more than doubled since 1968 with concen-
trations decreasing with increasing height. The concentration of F-ll at 18.5 km
was 49 ppt compared to 20 ppt in 1968 and 160 ppt vs. 50 to 60 ppt F-12 in 1968.
The average annual increase of halomethane levels averaged about 14% which
corresponds to the increase of the world's fluorocarbon use.
36-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
A BILL RESTRICTING THE USE OF FLUOROCHLOROCARBON COMPOUNDS IN AEROSOL SPRAY
CANS. . .
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1106 (December 1975)
A New York state law has been passed and signed, directing the Commissioner of
the Department of Environmental Conservation to promulgate labeling, restrictions
and distribution rules and regulations concerning the use of fluorochlorocarbons
in aerosol spray cans by January 1, 1976. Second only to Oregon in passing such
a bill, N.Y. will implement restrictive use by January 1, 1978.
-283-
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HALOETHERS
See: 36-0010, Fluorocarbons
HALOETHERS
See: 36-0001, Arsenic
-284-
-------
36-0013
HYDRAZINE
Anon
POLLUTION THREATENS CLOSING OF FMC PLANT
Chem. Eng. News 5J3 (50): 7 (15 December 1975)
FMC uses dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) as an intermediate in the production of
unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, a rocket fuel for the Air Force. The office
of Maryland's Secretary of Health and Mental Hygiene issued a violation notice
to the FMC plant in regard to the release of detectable quantities of the toxic
DMNA and ordered the plant be shut down until corrective measures were taken in
its emission control system. Analytical measurements of the air surrounding the
plant last summer and fall showed concentrations of DMNA ranging from 0.3 to 12 ppb.
36-0014
HYDRAZINE
Anon
FMC WILL SHUT DOWN THE PART OF ITS BALTIMORE PLANT CITED IN AIR POLLUTION CHARGES.
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (51): 10 (22 December 1975)
The Baltimore plant of FMC will stop making the rocket fuel unsymmetrical
dimethylhydrazine no later than April 1 when present contracts expire. There
are 23 employees involved in the closing. State and city charges of dimethyl-
nitrosamine air pollution around the plant led to the charges although there
has been no evidence of health damage. (See: CATS *36-0013, Hydrazine).
-285-
-------
ISOCYANATES
See: 36-0023, Polyurethanes
-286-
-------
36-0015
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames.
COAL PROCESSING BY ELECTROFLUIDICS
Interim Rep. March/August 1974. January 1975, 133p. OCR-30-INT-3
Contract DI-14-01-0001-479
Summarized in the report are the results of research on the electrical character-
istics of electrofluid reactors. Since the total resistance between electrodes
placed in a fluidized bed includes both a contribution from the resistance of
the bed and the electrode-to-bed contact resistance, measurements have been
made of the total bed and contact resistances. Also reported are studies of
arcing in the electrofluid reactor and a summary of methods for predicting the
electrical properties of such systems.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (9): 58 (2 May 1975)J
36-0016
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Wyoming Univ., Laramie
THE DIRECT PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM COAL-STEAM SYSTEMS
Final Rep. November 1968-November 1973, January 1975, 87p. OCR-80-F
Contract DI-14-01-0001-1196. Paper copy also available from GPO as C.1163.10:80
Experiments were carried out on the use of a multiple catalyst system consisting
of potassium carbonate and a commercial nickel methanation catalyst for the
direct production of methane from coal-steam reactions. This system combines
the effects of these catalysts to produce in a single-step conversion a product
gas consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide with a C02-free heating
value as high as 850 Btu per SCF, Two of the apparent problems inherent with
such a system were catalyst recovery and the loss of catalyst activity over
prolonged periods of time at the conversion temperatures in the presence of the
various reactants produced from the coal gasification. In conjunction with the
latter problems, experiments were also performed on the influence of sulfur
compounds produced during gasification upon catalyst life and activity.
[Abstract in: Government Report Announcements 7_5_ (9): 59 (2 May 1975)
-287-
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4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
See: .36-0023, Polyurethanes
-288-
-------
36-0017
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Lassiter, Ray R.
MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Southeast Environmental Res. Lab.
May 1975, 62p. EPA/660/3-75-012 PB-241 987/7WJ PC$4.25/MF$2.25
To provide capability to model aquatic ecosystems or their sub-systems as needed
for particular research goals, a modeling strategy was developed. Submodels of
several processes common to aquatic ecosystems were developed or adapted from
previously existing ones.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology (8 December 1975)
36-0018
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
National Ecological Res. Lab., Corvallis, Oreg.
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE MOVEMENT OF PESTICIDES THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT:
A CONTRIBUTION OF THE EPA ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS PROGRAM.
Final Rep.. James W. Gillet, James Hill, IV, Alfred W. Jarvinen, and W. Peter
Schoor. December 1974, 89p. EPA/660/3-74/024
The report represents a conceptual model of the movement and disposition of
pesticides in the environment. A multi-media model is built up from simple
modules representing basic'processes and components of air, soil, and water.
More specific models are exposited for the atmospheric/terrestrial, freshwater
aquatic, and estuaring/marine environments. Ultimately systems analysis and
mathematical simulation techniques can be employed to evaluate the fate of a
specific chemical in a partcular environment. The conceptual model is thus
a first step in organizing facts, assumptions, and hypotheses into a graphic and
logical arm capable of exploitation in further experimentation of pesticide
disposition and effects. A multi-media approach to disposition studies is
made explicit even in the absence of a single all-media global model.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (9): 124 (2 May 1975)]
-289-
-------
36-0019
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Pielou, E.G.
SPECIES ABUNDANCE PATTERNS
Science 190 (4219):1086 (12 December 1975)
The author reviews the mathematical aspects of ecological diversity in a given
place and likely species-abundances. Methods for testing hypotheses against
relevant data are also discussed.
-290-
-------
NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 36-0010, Fluorocarbons
-291-
-------
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See: 36-0010, Fluorocarbons
-292-
-------
36-0020
PHTHALATES
Liu, Benjamin Y.H. and Lee, K.W.
AN AEROSOL GENERATOR OF HIGH STABILITY
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36_ (12): 861-65 (1975)
A new approach, which uses a syringe pump to provide a constant liquid flow
to an atomizer results in an aerosol generator of exceptionally high stability.
In addition, Di-octyl phthalate (DOP) aerosols have also been produced by this
syringe-pump atomizer used with a vaporizer and condenser. This system is
simple, flexible, and easy to operate, making it a useful device for aerosol
research.
36-0021
PHTHALATES
Anon
FMC HANGS OUT A LONG LINE OF PRICE HIKES
Chem. Week 117 (26): 18 (24 December 1975.)
As of January 1, FMC's Industrial Chemical Division will increase the price of
diallyl phthalate in bulk, tank truck to 75c/lb; diallyl isophthalate to
$1.45/lb., truck load; diallyl maleate in 480-lb. net weight drums to $1.30/lb.
-293-
-------
36-0022
PHTHALATES
Anon
BASF WYANDOTTE UPPING PLASTICIZER CHEMICAL PRICES
Chem. Week 117 (26): 18 (24 December 1975)
The price of molten phthalic anhydride will increase 2
-------
36-0023
POLYURETHANES
Pentz, William J. and Krawlec, Robert G.
HYDROLYTIC STABILITY OF POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS
Rubber Age 107 (12): 39-43 (1975)
This paper is the third in a continuing study of investigation to determine
property differences of various polyurethane elastomers. The first two
treated the low temperature properties of certain eleastomers while the third
measures relative retention of elastomeric properties in a hydrolysis aging
study of some polyethers and polyesters with several diisocyanate-curative
systems. The selection of the appropriate diisocyanate-curative system for a
polyether diol is important for resistance to hydrolytic degradation but much
less so for a polyester diol.
36-0024
POLYURETHANES
Frisch, K.C. and Reegen, S.L.
ADVANCES IN URETHANE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Rubber Age 107 (12): 77-8 (1975)
Eleven major reports on urethane chemistry and polymerization by leading
authorities in the field are presented. Production processes and product
application are included with foreign urethane techniques and an up-to-date
bibliography.
-295-
-------
36-0025
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA).
Environ. Scl. Technol. 9_ (13): 1105 (December 1975)
OSHA has proposed health standards for trichloroethylene.
36-0026
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
TRICHLOROETHYLENE INVESTIGATED. . .
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36. (12): A-7 (1975)
The Manufacturing Chemists Association is administering a research study for
Canadian Industries Ltd., Diamond Shamrock, Dow, Ethyl, Hooker and PPG, the
focus of which will be trichloroethylene. Long term inhalation testing will
be performed and the occupational aspects of the chemical's use in dry cleaning,
degreasing, printing inks, coatings and adhesives will be studied.
-296-
-------
36-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic Substances
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH VINYL
CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Interim Rep. September 1974, 106p. EPA/560/4-74-001 PB-239 110/OGA
The report summarizes the activities and findings of a task force to assess
the character and extent of the problems associated with the production,
distribution, use, and disposal of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.
The first Section discusses the nature and magnitude of problems. The second
discusses previous and planned activities within the Federal Government of
particular significance and the role of industry. The report concludes with
some specific recommendations.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (9): 126-7 (2 May 1975)]
36-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Cuddeback, John E. et al
PERFORMANCE OF CHARCOAL TUBES IN DETERMINATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE
Environ. Sci. Technol. £ (13): 1168-71 (December 1975)
An examination of the performance parameters of the charcoal tube absorption
method as an analytical sampling device for airborne vinyl chloride was under-
taken and is described in this article. The capacity of a 100 mg portion of
activated charcoal in a sampling tube is shown to be at least 65 yg. The
authors point out that this method is adequate for concentrations of 1-50 ppm
or more but as the concentrations of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) decrease,
scatter in the data and sample losses greatly affect analytical accuracy. The
methodology by which a 90% recovery of vinyl chloride was obtained even
following a two week sample storage is also described.
-297-
-------
36-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
GOODRICH MEETS VINYL CHLORIDE SAFETY RULES
Chem. Eng. News .5_3 (50): 14 (15 December 1975)
B.F. Goodrich is the number one PVC producer with about 20% of the U.S. market
of 3.5 billion Ib. this year. Not only are the company's five PVC plants
operating well within OSHA rules, but the company's President states, "We are
now supplying PVC resins and compounds with such minute content of residual
vinyl chloride that the possibility of vinyl chloride exposure from their
processing or use is virtually eliminated".
36-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NEW VCM PLANT PLANNED
Chem. Week 117 (25): 17 (17 December 1975)
Diamond Shamrock has plans to build and operate a 1 billion-lbs/year vinyl
chloride monomer (PVC) plant at its LaPorte, Texas complex, thereby giving
the company a fully integrated production complex ranging from chlorine to
PVC. The Texas Air Control Board (TACE) has been asked to grant a permit
for the project. Tenneco Chemicals has requested permission to expand its
new 250-million Ibs/year capacity plant at Pasadena, Texas.
-298-
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36-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
CLEARING THE AIR
Chem. Week 117 (26): 10 (24 December 1975)
EPA's proposed standards for vinyl chloride are expected to reduce plant
emissions by 90% at a cost of $198 million to meet the standards for existing
facilities and an operating cost of $70 million/year. This EPA program would
require manufacturers of vinyl chloride, PVC and ethylene dichloride to reduce
stack and "fugitive" source emissions to 10 ppm and install the best available
technology appropriately in the production process with controls in place 90
days after final ruling. The EPA emphasizes a potential cancer risk to 4.6
million persons living within five miles of the 56 plants which emit an
estimated 100 million kilograms/yr.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 36-0001, Arsenic
-299-
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 36-0010, Fluorocarbons
-300-
-------
NITROSAMINES
See: 36-0014
NITROSAMINES
See: 36-0013
-3C1-
-------
36-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Zapp, J.A., Jr.
INHALATION TOXICITY OF HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36. (12): 916 (1975)
A summary report from DuPont highlights concern over increasing use of hexamethyl-
phosphoramide (HMPA) as a solvent with exceptional power, as an effective chemist-
erilant for a number of insect pests, etc. Although acute toxicity of HMPA for
experimental animals is low to moderate by ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption
and as a skin irritant, chronic toxicity of HMPA is more severe. Experimental
study of HMPA and nasal tumors in rats carried out by DuPont is described briefly
The author concludes that "There appears to be no doubt that this rare form of
cancer has been produced in rats by inhalation exposure to HMPA in a concentration
as low as 400 ppb (analytical) in a period of about eight months." Precautions
appropriate to a potential carcinogen are urged.
36-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Lloyd, William J.
HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE (HMPA)
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 36. (12): 917 (1975)
As a result of the information reported to the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) by DuPont (see: CATS 36-0032) regarding potential risk
of human exposure to hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), NIOSH is advising the
occupational health community of these findings. This paper provides background
material on HMPA prepared by the Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and
Biometrics, NIOSH, for information purposes.
-302-
-------
36-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
GE ADMITS 65 EMPLOYEES SUFFERED FROM FROM PCB EXPOSURE OVER 15-YEAR PERIOD
Job Saf. Health Rep. 5_ (23): 227 (17 November 1975)
According to GE spokesmen, 49 of about 1800 employees working in areas exposed
to PCBs complained of allergic dermatitis and an additional 16 reported nausea,
dizziness, eye and/or nasal irritation, asthmatic bronchitis and fungus.
Testimony was held at a public hearing in Albany, N.Y. as a result of a complaint
filed in the N.Y. Dept. of Environmental Conservation that GE violated state
water quality standards by dumping PCBs into the Hudson River from its plants in
Ft. Edward and Hudson Falls, N.Y., during the manufacture of capacitors.
36-0035
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS: POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS STILL A THREAT
Science 190 (4220) 1189 (19 December 1975)
Despite voluntary controls by manufacturers and users of polychlorinated
biphenyls, the total amount of PCB's in the environment appears to have
increased substantially. EPA states that despite the hazards of PCB's, until
the Toxic Substances Control Act is passed, EPA has no power to restrict or
prevent production, etc.
-303-
-------
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
See: 36-0031, Vinyl chloride
-304-
-------
37-0001
ACRYLONITRILE
(Production)
Kiefer, David M.
RISING DEMAND WILL SPUR SALES AND EARNINGS
Chem. Eng. News 53_ (51): 26-7, 30 (22 December 1975)
The 13 to 15% drop in output of industrial chemicals and synthetics in 1975,
compared to 1974, should take a healthy upswing in 1976, if the general
economy continues strong. Among organic chemicals, acrylonitrile production,
which dropped to 1,25 million Ib in 1975 from about 1.4 million Ib in 1974,
is expected to rise to 1.6 million Ib in 1976; perchloroethylene should rise
to 800,000 Ib in 1976, having dropped to 680,000 Ib in 1975 from 733,000 in
1974. Among plastics, PVC production, which dropped from 4.85 million Ib in
1974 to 3.75 million Ib in 1975, is expected to reach 5.45 million Ib in 1976.
37-0002
ACRYLONITRILE
Anon
COATERS CHECK ON CHEMICAL LINE-UP
Can. Chem. Process. 5£ (11): 30-2 (1975)
Canadian papermakers are taking a new look at coating chemicals. Among
possibilities: use of asbestos fiber as a filler, despite current concern
of asbestos hazards, and use of Dow's Saran microspheres, which are copolymers
of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, as substitutes for titanium dioxide.
-305-
-------
37-0003
ARSENIC
Johnson, David L. and Braman, Robert S.
ALKYL- AND INORGANIC ARSENIC IN AIR SAMPLES
Chemosphere 4_ (6): 333-8 (December 1975)
Tests conducted in the Tampa Bay, Florida, area showed the presence of
inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine, but no methylarsine,
in the air. The sources of the various forms of arsenic in the air are
probably non-biological processes as well as biological processes, It is
possible that vapor phase alkyl-arsenic/particle reactions are a natural
mechanism for arsenic enrichment in aerosol samples.
-306-
-------
37-0004
ASBESTOS
Anon
ASBESTOS/MEASURING TECHNIQUE
Environ. Rep. 6. (15): 116 (9 December 1975)
An X-ray diffraction technique under development by the U.S. Naval Research
Laboratory may be cheaper and faster than electron microscopy as a means of
measuring submicrogram amounts of asbestos in air or water.
37-0005
ASBESTOS
Anon
AIRBORNE PARTICLE SAMPLER
Environ. Rep. 6. (16): 125 (19 December 1975)
A prototype device developed at Stockholm University detects potentially
harmful particles, such as lead and asbestos, in air and traces their
fluctuations for seven days.
-307-
-------
37-0006
ASBESTOS
Lavappa, K.S. et al
CYTOGENIC STUDIES ON CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS
Environ. Res. 10_ (2): 165-73 (1975)
For in vivo tests, certain monkeys were fed 100 or 500 mg/kg of chrysotile
in cookies, while others were injected twice i.p. or gavaged twice with 0.2,
2, 20, and 200 mg/kg chrysotile. The in vitro tests were performed using
hamster embryo cultures.
No noticeable chromosome aberrations were observed in the bone marrow cells
of the monkeys used in the in vivo tests, but a dose-related increase in the
incidence of chromatid gaps and breaks occurred in the embryo cells used in
the in vitro tests.
37-0007
ASBESTOS
Morgan, A. et al
STUDIES ON THE DEPOSITION OF INHALED FIBROUS MATERIAL IN THE RESPIRATORY
TRACT OF THE RAT AND ITS SUBSEQUENT CLEARANCE USING RADIOACTIVE TRACER
TECHNIQUES
Environ. Res. 10 (2): 196-207 (1975)
In accordance with the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Asbestos
Cancers that more should be learned about the deposit and retention of inhaled
asbestos fibers, rats were exposed to the UICC standard reference samples for
30 minutes.
From 31 to 68% of the inhaled fibers were deposited and about 17% was retained
in the lower respiratory tract. From autoradiographs of lung sections it
appeared that fibers were located in the conducting airways, especially at
bifurcations, and were distributed fairly uniformly throughout the alveolated
regions.
-308-
-------
37-0008
ASBESTOS
Amacher, D.E. et al
THE DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF INGESTED CHRYSOTILE ON DNA SYNTHESIS IN THE
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, LIVER, AND PANCREAS OF THE RAT
Environ. Res. 10_ (2): 208-16 (1975)
Because asbestos fibers have been detected in drinking water and asbestiform
fibers in certain foods and beverages, adult rats were given from 0.5 to 100
mg/kg chrysotile and later examination indicated a limited dose-dependent
effect on [%]thymidine incorporation in the gastrointestinal tract. Chrysotile
in the 5-50 mg/kg dose range most effectively enhanced [3H]thymidine incorpora-
tion in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Apparently, chrysotile can be
physicochemically altered by gastric acid and this may be a factor on the effects
of chrysotile on DNA synthesis.
37-0009
ASBESTOS
Bruckman, Leonard and Rubino, Robert A.
ASBESTOS: RATIONALE BEHIND A PROPOSED AIR QUALITY STANDARD
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (12): 1207-15 (1975)
The authors propose an ambient air quality asbestos standard of 30 nanograms/
cu m, based on a 30-day average sample and discuss their reasons briefly.
On pp. 1212-4, L.A. Plumlee indicates that for certain reasons, including
the fact that the authors base their standards only on the risk of mesothelioma
the proposed standards are not supportable. Bruckman and Rubino refute
Plumlee's charges on pp. 1214-5.
-309-
-------
ASBESTOS
See: 37-0002, Acrylonitrile
-310-
-------
37-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Paulet G. et al
FLUOROCARBONS AND GENERAL METABOLISM IN THE RAT, RABBIT, AND DOG
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. J34 (2): 197-203 (November 1975)
Rabbits and dogs inhaled monofluorotrichloromethane (FC 11) and difluorodichloro-
methane (FC 12) for one 20-minute period. Exposures were as follows: FC 11: 5%,
FC 12: 20%, and FC 11/FC 12 (10/90): 20% or 50%.
In another series of tests, rats and rabbits inhaled the fluorocarbons for two
1-hr periods/day for 15 days. In both series of tests, all mixtures contained
20% oxygen.
Significant metabolic effects were noted only with FC 11 at 5%, which caused a
decrease in oxygen uptake, hyperglycemia and hyperlactacidemia, and several other
effects apparently due to a slowing down of cellular oxidation.
37-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Paulet G. et al
FATE OF FLUOROCARBONS IN THE DOG AND RABBIT AFTER INHALATION
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3^_ (2): 204-13 (November 1975)
To determine the distribution and fate in the body of inhaled fluorocarbons,
dogs and rabbits were exposed to monofluorotrichloromethane (FC 11) in concen-
trations of 2.5 and 5%, to dichlorodifluoromethane (FC 12) in concentrations of
20 and 50%, and to a 10/90 mixture of FC 11/FC 12 in concentrations of 25 and 90%,
Both compounds diffused rapidly into the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
the urine and the bile in concentrations governed by the concentration inhaled.
The gases were completely eliminated from the body 20-50 minutes after fresh
air was inhaled. Elimination was primarily via the pulmonary system rather
than via the bile or urine.
-311-
-------
37-0012
FLUOROCARBONS
Zafonte, L. et al
BACKGROUND AND VERTICAL ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS OF FLUOROCARBON-11 AND
FLUOROCARBON-12 OVER SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Atmos. Environ. £ (11): 1007-9 (1975)
Background concentrations of FC-11 (CC^F) and FC-12 (CC12F2) in air collected
at ground level to 22,000 ft over the Southern California area were 0.060 and
0.090 ppb, respectively. Ozone concentrations were measured at the same time.
It appears that FC-11 and FC-12 can serve as polluted air tracers below the
inversion layer.
37-0013
FLUOROCARBONS
Grimsrud, E.P. and Rasmussen, R.A.
THE ANALYSIS OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN THE TROPOSPHERE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Atmos. Environ. 9_ (11): 1010-13 (1975)
A gas chromotograph linked directly to a mass spectrometer was more sensitive
than the electron capture detector in measuring CF_ Cl, particularly, and CFC1-
in rural atmospheres, according to tests conducted in the Pacific Northwest served.
The technique permits detection of 5 ppt in 20 cm^ air samples. Results showed
concentrations of about 230 + 8 ppt of CF2 C12 and 128 + 5 ppt of CFC13 in
several areas, with little variations in these concentrations in ambient air
and up to 12,000 ft above sea level.
-312-
-------
37-0014
FLUOROCARBONS
Grimsrud, E.P. and Rasmussen, R.A.
SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF HALOCARBONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Atmos. Environ. 9_ (11): 1014-17 (1975)
The use of gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry to determine the
presence of 19 simple halocarbons in the atmosphere of our rural Northwest
as part of a study to define the roles of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons
as carriers of chlorine in the troposphere.
Methyl chloride, previously unreported, was detected in high concentration,
530 + 30 ppt. Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) was found in concentra-
tions of 20 +10, but trichloroethylene was not found in detectable amounts.
Relatively high concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons were detected.
37-0015
FLUOROCARBONS
Rowland, F.S. et al
NATURAL HALOCARBONS IN AIR AND SEA
Nature 258 (5537): 775-6 (25 December 1975)
The authors refute the theory of J.E. Lovelock [Nature, 256, 193 (1975)]
about the concentration and stability of C^Cl in the stratosphere, arguing
that the methyl chloride has, a short atmospheric life-time (compared to CCl^F)
and that CH3C1 should be now present at a steady level.
Lovelock responds that he may be mistaken about the rapidity of destruction of
CH3C1 in the stratosphere but argues that CH3C1, which has been measured only
during the last 10 months, may vary in its concentration.
-313-
-------
37-0016
FLUOROCARBONS
Hanst, Philip L. et al
INFRARED MEASUREMENT OF FLUOROCARBONS, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, CARBONYL SULFIDE,
AND OTHER ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (12): 1220-6 (1975)
For proper measurement of air pollutants by infrared absorption spectroscopy,
the pollutants should be concentrated by separating them from nitrogen,
oxygen, water vapor, and even from CO,,. In this study, cryogenic condensation
followed by distillation, combined with a chemical step to absorb C02» was
used to concentrate the pollutants. Measured at 3 locations, background
concentrations of trichlorofluoromethane (F-ll) ranged from 1.2 x 10"^ atm to
7.4 x 10"1" atm, confirming that F-ll is now emitted more than carbon tetra-
chloride as a result of human activities. Dichlorodifluoromethane (F-12) and
perchloroethylene concentrations are also discussed.
37-0017
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
AEROSOL BAN REJECTED
Chem. Week 118 (1): 14 (7 January 1976)
Basing its decision on the fact that the ozone theory has not yet been proved,
the Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected a petition by Los Angeles to
ban fluorocarbon-propelled aerosol products. Earlier, CPSC rejected a similar
petition by the Natural Resources Defense Council, and probably will not act
on a second NRDC petition until NAS publishes the results of its study on this
topic in April 1976. On the other hand, EPA wants pesticide makers to use
alternatives to fluorocarbons in aerosol pesticides.
-314-
-------
37-0018
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
NEW RATE DATA FOR KEY OZONE DEPLETION REACTION
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (12): 1260, 78-9 (1975)
The findings of Drs. Michael J. Kurylo and Walter Braun of NBS that at 25°C
the rate of reaction between chlorine and ozone is only 60% of the value
used by Rowland et al to predict stratospheric ozone depletion (See CATS
*33-0010) have been verified by studies at the "University of Maryland, the
University of Pittsburgh, and Queen Mary College, London, England.
These new data predict ozone depletion by chlorine at a slower rate than
predicted by Rowland et al, who had to rely on data at room temperature,
which is much higher than stratospheric temperatures.
37-0019
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
ALSO AT THE MEXICO CITY MEETING, FLUOROCARBONS CAME UNDER FIRE. . .
Chem. Eng. 82. (27) : 20 (22 December 1975)
Scientists at the Univ. of California (Irvine) have refined their original
ozone-depletion theory, which was based on room-temperature data, by measuring
F-12 UV light absorption at about -39°C, a temperature closer to that of the
stratosphere. At the lower temperature, absorption is slower but the scientists
claim that although chlorine thus would have a longer time to react with ozone
there will be but slight change in the ozone-chlorine reaction.
Closing another loophole in the original theory, NASA scientists report that
only one HC1 molecule out of tens of millions would be destroyed, thus
ruling out a natural ammonia-HCl sink for the harmful chlorine.
-315-
-------
37-0020
HALOETHERS
Chang, Louis W. et al
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE NEONATAL KIDNEY
FOLLOWING IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO HALOTHANE
Environ. Res. 10 (2): 174-89 (1975)
Pathological renal lesions induced in pregnant rats exposed to 10 ppm halothane
all through pregnancy strongly suggest that halothane is a potential occupational
hazard especially for pregnant operating room personnel. Operating room personnel
are often exposed to 10 ppm halothane for 8 hr/day and 5 days/wk.
-316-
-------
37-0021
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Yang, Raymond S.H. et al
CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE AND POSSIBLE
METABOLITES IN MONKEY FECAL SAMPLES
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58. (6): 1197-1201 (1975)
Thin layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid
chromatography proved effective techniques for the separation and identification
of hexachlorobenzene and possible metabolites, such as pentachlorobenzene and
pentachlorophenol, from monkey feces.
37-0022
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Hill, Kenneth R.
IUPAC COMMISSION ON TERMINAL RESIDUES
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58. (6): 1256-9 (1975)
Five references published in 1972 and 1973 indicate that hexachlorobenzene is
metabolized by cows, sheep, and chickens whose feed contains HCB residues.
-317-
-------
37-0023
HYDBAZINE
Anon
FUEL PLANT CLOSING
Chem. Week 117 (26): 10 (24 December 1975)
As a result of findings indicating the presence of the suspect carcinogen,
dimethylnitrosamine, in the air near its Baltimore plant producing unsym-
metrical dimethylhydrazine, FMC will stop producing the rocket fuel by
1 April 1976.
-318-
-------
37-0024
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Varo, P., Symposium Editor
SELECTED SPECIALLY INVITED LECTURES PRESENTED AT THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS
OF PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY AND THE SYMPOSIUM ON DISPERSION DYNAMICS OF POLLUTANTS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT, held in Helsinki, Finland, 3-9 July 1974
Pure Appl. Chem. 42 (1-2): 1-299 (1975)
The 22 papers presented cover topics ranging from "Factors that affect the
persistence of pesticides in plants and soils" (C.A. Edwards, pp. 39-56) to
"The future of the development of pesticides by industry" (E.Knusli, pp. 77-87).
More specific topics include: "Transport mechanisms for pesticides in the atmos-
phere" (C.E. Junge, pp. 95-104); ... in water (A.M. Aitsam, pp. 105-11); ... in
soil (E.P. Lichtenstein, pp. 113-8); "Mathematical models in ecochemistry"
(J.Robinson, pp. 139-53); "Organochlorine compounds in the general population
of the seventies and some of their biological effects (in man and animals)"
(M. Wasserman et al, pp. 189-208); and "Mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic
effects of pollutants in respect to man" (F. Coulston and J.H. Wills, pp. 209-22)
-319-
-------
37-0025
OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
Ganz, Charles R. et al
REMOVAL OF DETERGENT FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS FROM WASTEWATER
J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. k]_ (12): 2834-49 (December 1975)
A series of studies on the removal of four ionic stilbene and three nonionic
detergent fluorescent whitening agents from wastewater influent showed
adsorption to the wastewater sludge to be the most likely route of FWA removal.
From an experiment in which the FWA's in a sludge wet cake sample were exposed
to ambient weather conditions, it appears that the FWA's in sludge do not readily
enter groundwater supplies via rainwater leaching.
-320-
-------
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See: 37-0001, Acrylonitrile
See: 37-0014, Fluorocarbons
See: . 37-0016, Fluorocarbons
-321-
-------
37-0026
PHTHALATES
Anon
PHTHALATES IN OCEAN WATER
Environ. Rep. 6^ (16): 126 (19 December 1975)
A study by the College of Science, Texas A & M University, indicates the
presence of phthalates in parts per trillion in water and parts per billion
in various organisms in Gulf of Mexico samples.
-322-
-------
37-0027
POLYURETHANES
(Uses)
Anon
SLICK IDEA FOR OIL-SPILL CLEANUP
Chem. .Week_U7 (26) : 11 (24 December 1975)
Urethane foam chips tested by the Navy for oil-spill cleanups reach the
saturation point in six seconds but can be recycled in only 60 seconds for
re-use up to 50 times.
POLYURETHANES
See also: 37-0037, Nitrosamines
-323-
-------
37-0028
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Anon
HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT BE ASSOCIATED WITH TRICHLOROETHYLENE. . .
Chem. Eng. News 54_ (1): 15 (5 January 1976)
The MCA is administering a $400,000 industry-sponsored project by Industrial
Bio-Test Laboratories to study the potential health hazards of trichloro-
ethylene, which has been reported to cause liver cancer and other tumors in
mice.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 37-0014, Fluorocarbons
-324-
-------
37-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VC EMISSIONS
Environ. Rep. £ (16): 123 (19 December 1975)
R. Harding, Jr., of the Society of Plastics Industry views as a "precautionary
step" the proposal by EPA to classify VC as a hazardous air pollutant, claiming
that those living near VC or PVC plants do not run health risks. Harding,
however, feels that emission controls are in the public interest. EPA's
proposed standards to reduce VC emissions 90% are based on evidence showing VC
to be carcinogenic. If put into effect, four small PVC plants might be forced
to close.
37-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Edmonds, Larry D. et al
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND VINYL CHLORIDE
Lancet 2 (7944): 1098 (29 November 1975)
Further analysis of the birth-defects attributed to vinyl chloride in infants
born in Pennsylvania and Ohio showed that parents of these children did not
work at the PVC polymetization plants, but that two of the fathers of the
controls worked at one of the plants, and more mothers of the control babies
lived nearer the plants than did mothers of the affected babies. Only the
Ohio Dept. of Health study has associated the birth defects with VC. A
follow-up study in Painesville, Ohio, did not associate a noted moderate
increase in CNS malformations with VC exposure.
-325-
-------
37-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
Duck, B.W. et al
MORTALITY STUDY OF WORKERS IN A POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE PRODUCTION PLANT
Lancet 2^ (7946): 1197-9 (13 December 1975)
No significant excess of total mortality and no liver cancers were found in
an age-standardized mortality rate study of 2100 male workers exposed to
vinyl chloride for as long as 27 years in a factory in South Wales. The
factory has polymerized vinyl chloride since 1948 and produced VC monomer on
the site until 1968.
37-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
Schaffner, Robert M. and Lombardo, Pasquale
THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND THE VINYL CHLORIDE PROBLEM — AN OVERVIEW
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. .5J5 (6): 1211-13 (1975)
The mid-1974 disclosure of angiosarcomas associated with PVC fabrication and
the findings that lab animals incur cancer from chronic inhalation of VC has
led the FDA to study its potential effects when ingested. These studies,
reviewed here briefly, have not yet shown VC taken orally to cause angio-
sarcoma or other malignant tumors.
-326-
-------
37-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE
Breder, Charles V. et al
GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN VINYL CHLORIDE
POLYMERS, FOOD-SIMULATING SOLVENTS, AND OTHER SAMPLES
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. _58 (6): 1214-20 (1975)
Gas-liquid chromatography can detect 0.05 ppm VC in solution or 1 pptn VC in
PVC according to described tests using PVC, vegetable oils, mouthwashes,
blood anticoagulant solutions and other solvents.
37-0034
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
RUSSIAN VCM CAPACITY BUILDUP IS UNDER WAY
Chem. Week 118 (1): 28 (7 January 1976)
Now that its 250,000-metric-tons/yr Kalush in the Ukraine plant is on-stream,
Russia has doubled its VCM capacity. Additional capacity is planned for 1978
when a $40-million, 270,000-tnetric-ton/yr VCM plant on order from Germany will
be ready.
-327-
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 37-0001, Acrylonitrile
-328-
-------
37-0035
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
Anon
LIVER PROBLEMS STUDIED
Chem. Week 118 (1): 13 (7 January 1976)
Twenty-seven employees of BASF Wyandotte's South Kearny, N.J., plant were
found to have liver abnormalities; 10 of these have had biopsies. The BASF
program involving medical examinations for 50 workers may be continued for
the other 250 employees. Although the United Rubber Workers earlier
suggested that the liver problems were associated with vinylidene chloride,
they now state that the cause has not yet been determined.
OSHA asked NIOSH to help BASF in solving the problem. Additionally, MCA is
studying vinylidene chloride, which has been implicated as a potential
carcinogen by Italian researchers.
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
See: 37-0002, Acrylonitrile
-329-
-------
37-0036
NITROSAMINES
Laishes, B.A. et al
ORGAN-SPECIFIC DNA DAMAGE INDUCED IN MICE BY THE ORGANOTROPIC CARCINOGENS
4-NITROQUINOLINE 1-OXIDE AND DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE (38938)
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 149; 978-82 (1975)
The chemical carcinogen, dimethyInitrosamine (DMN) induced DNA damage in the
lung, kidney, and liver of mice injected with 1 mg and 8 mg/kg. The greatest
DNA fragmentation occurred in the liver. Another carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline
1-oxide had its greatest effect on the lung, followed by the kidney and the
liver. The non-carcinogen, 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide, did not induce any DNA
damage. To assess the levels of DNA tissue damage the biophysical technique
of velocity sedimentation of DNA, in alkaline sucrose gradients, was used.
37-0037
NITROSAMINES
DiPaolo, Joseph A. and Cuddy, Rosemary
SUMMARY OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE JOINT U.S.S.R. SYMPOSIUM ON MAMMALIAN
SOMATIC CELL GENETICS RELATED TO NEOPLASIA
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Jx5 (6): 1369-71 (December 1975)
A 2-day symposium on the title topic held in Moscow on 17-20 June 1974
included several papers concerned with mutagenesis in relation to carcino-
genesis involving such chemicals as urethan, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN),
diethyInitrosamine (DENA), and methylnitrosourea (MNU).
This summary indicates that DMN and DENA caused pulmonary tumors in hamsters,
but that urethan did not. The carcinogens induced chromosome aberrations
when tested on rat kidney, lung, or mixed tissues.
-330-
-------
37-0038
NITROSAMINES
Tabuchl, Yoshiki et al
MUCOSAL DAMAGE INDUCED BY VARIOUS GASTRIC CARCINOGENS IN THE GLANDULAR STOMACH
OF THE RAT
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55. (6): 1395-1401 (December 1975)
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was previously shown to injure
the glandular mucosa of the rat stomach, a result that can lead to gastric
carcinogenesis. In this study rats were given one or more intragastric
doses of MNNG (100 mg/kg body weight) and the induced erosion was studied
histologically, histochemically, and ultramicroscopically and compared with
the erosion process caused by other gastric carcinogens and certain other
chemicals.
Mucosal damage from MNNG started in the surface epithelium within an hour;
erosion occurred as soon as 2 days after 3 successive doses of MNNG. Fatty
change in the mucosal cells was the first transformation noted. Other gastric
carcinogens tested produced similar results.
37-0039
NITROSAMINES
Lilly, Lorna J. et al
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED IN RAT LYMPHOCYTES BY N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS
AS A POSSIBLE BASIS FOR CARCINOGEN SCREENING
Nature 258 (5536): 611-2 (18 December 1975)
Chromosome aberrations in rat lymphocyte cultures treated with dimethyl-
nitrosamine (DMN) in vitTO were not significantly different from control
cultures. However, a significant increase in aberrations was noted in
cultured lymphocytes from rats injected i.p. with 30 mg/kg body weight of
DMN, 6 hr before being killed. Apparently, active metabolites from DMN
are stable enough to pass from their sites of formation in such organs as
the liver, which are capable of activating the compound, and to reach the
nuclei of the circulating lymphocytes.
-331-
-------
NITROSAMINES
See; 37-0023, Hydrazine
-332-
-------
37-0040
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
END OF LINE FOR KEPONE
Chem. Week 117 (26): 10(24 December 1975)
EPA recommends a long-term health study of residents of Hopewell, Va. , now
that EPA investigations have shown that from March 1974-April 1975 Kepone
levels of 0.2-50 mg/cu m were detected in air 200 yards from the Life Science
Products plant (which was closed in August 1975) and levels of 0.1-20 nano-
grams/cu m were found in the air of South Richmond, 16 miles from Hopewell.
Other findings: 200-600 ppm Kepone in sludge near the company's sewage treat-
ment plant; levels of 0.1-10 ppm Kepone in waste water at the sewage treat-
ment plant; 0.1-4 ppb in James River water; and 0.1-20 ppm in fish and shell-
fish in the James River.
37-0041
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
KEPONE STUDY WIDENS
Chem. Week 118 (1): 13 (7 January 1976)
Although Life Science Products, Hopewell, Va., no longer makes Kepone,
detectable levels of the pesticide have been found in the air and water
for some distance around Hopewell, prompting a request for a federal grand
jury investigation of the company's operations.
Meanwhile, former Life Science employees, who are suing that company, are
now also seeking redress from Allied and Hooker Chemicals and Plastics.
They claim that Allied failed to make known that Kepone was very toxic to
humans, did not properly label containers, and neglected to provide informa-
tion on an antidote.
-333-
-------
37-0042
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
CHLORINE CAR EXPLODES
Chem. Week 117 (26): 10 (24 December 1975)
Four workers were killed and 86 were injured or treated for fume inhalation,
when a 30-ton rail tank car containing recovered chlorine exploded recently
at the Niagara Falls plant of Hooker Chemical and Plastics. The resulting
fumes traveled to a nearby residential area and a shopping center. Cause of
the explosion was not determined.
The chlorine, recovered from Hooker's by-product gases was being stored for
future use in the company's 400 tons/day chlorine plant that employs about
1500 workers.
37-0043
GENERAL INFORMATION
Bock, Fred G. et al
COCARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF PEROXY COMPOUNDS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. _55_ (6): 1359-61 (December 1975)
Peracetic acid (PAA), used in several ways as an industrial chemical, as a
lab cold-temperature sterilizing agent, and suggested (in dilute solution)
as a preoperative sterilizing agent for surgeons' hands, was found to be a
potent tumor promoter and a weak complete skin carcinogen in tests on mice.
Although humans are not so sensitive to contact carcinogens as are mice,
the possibility is raised that tumors in man might result from the action of
other carcinogens with PAA, especially in pulmonary exposure.
-334-
-------
37-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
PEREGRINE FALCON
Environ. Rep. 6. (15): 117 (9 December 1975)
The inadequate reproductive rate of the peregrine falcon in northwest Alaska,
blamed on organochlorine pesticide residues in their eggs, argues for the
complete disappearance of the birds by 1980, unless corrective measures can
be taken. Aleutian peregrines have not been similarly affected because of
smaller residues in their eggs.
37-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Calabrese, Edward J. and Sorensen, Alfred
COMMENT ON "METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL AS AN ANTIKNOCK:
COMPOSITION AND FATE OF MANGANESE EXHAUST PRODUCTS"
J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25. (12): 1254-6 (1975)
Contradicting the statement by G.L. Ter Haar et al (See: CATS #27-0036) that
methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), if used as an antiknock,
would not constitute a public health hazard, the authors suggest that Mn has
catalytic properties which could enable it to convert S02 to sulfuric acid
and particulate sulfates.
Ter Haar et al refute this claim, but agree that further study is advisable.
-335-
-------
38-0001
ASBESTOS
Myers, John L.
HANDLING ASBESTOS. CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS IN PLASTICS
J. Paint Technol. 47_ (611): 63-7 (December 1975)
To gain perspective on the potential hazards of asbestos, the author describes
the various types of asbestos, reviews its uses, its associated occupational
and environmental health hazards, and the regulations imposed on its use by
OSHA and EPA.
Approximately one-third of the asbestos consumed annually is used by the
plastics industry. Chrysotile asbestos, the only asbestiform mineral in the
serpentine class, has over 3,000 uses and for many of these uses there is no
readily available substitute. Its consumption is on the increase, with 791,020
tons being consumed in 1972 versus 686,044 tons in 1967. Chrysotile is less
of a health hazard than amosite and crocidolite, which are identified as amphi-
bole asbestiform minerals. Use of these latter types has decreased in recent
years. When used with proper control, chrysotile should not cause any undue
hazards.
38-0002
ASBESTOS
Beaman, D.R. and File, D.M.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASBESTOS FIBER CONCENTRATIONS
Anal. Chem. 48. (1) : 101-10 (1976)
The use of transmission electron microscope equipped with selected area
electron diffraction plus an energy dispersive spectrometer to determine
the concentration of asbestos fibers in filterable liquids and solid
matrices is described. Morphology, elemental composition, and crystal
structure can be determined almost simultaneously and the method is +_ 30%
precise.
-336-
-------
38-0003
ASBESTOS
Harrison, Elizabeth A.
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH
ABSTRACTS
NTIS/PS-75/800/3WJ (October 1975)
The bibliography contains abstracts of research reports covering such topics
as industrial medicine, occupational diseases, health of miners, and the
toxicological factors of various pollutants. Some pollutants included are
manganese, radon, silicon dioxide, explosives, asbestos, platinum, palladium,
polyvinyl chloride, nickel, pesticides, chromium, plastics and vanadium.
(Contains 202 abstracts)
[Abstract in NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p. 17
(5 January 1976)]
38-0004
ASBESTOS
Larsen, Lee B.
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION REPORT 73-135-138, KAISER
PERMANENTE CEMENT CO., LUCERNE VALLEY, CALIFORNIA.
PB-246 456/8WJ (May 1974)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in response to
a request received from a representative of employees conducted a health hazard
survey to evaluate exposures to free silica, asbestos, and iron oxide at the
Kaiser Permanente Cement Co., Lucerne Valley, California. It has been determined
that free silica and iron oxide dust were not toxic at the concentrations measured
at the time of the survey. The potential toxicity of asbestos in very low con-
centrations is not known at present. Air concentrations at the time of the
survey were below present federal standards for asbestos.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p. 21
(5 January 1976)]
-337-
-------
38-0005
ASBESTOS
Ramos, Henry
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION REPORT 73-133-136, ARMSTRONG
CORK COMPANY, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI.
PB-246 455/OWJ (May 1974)
In response to a request received from a representative of employees, the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a
health hazard survey to evaluate exposures to mottle dust and asbestos, at
Armstrong Cork Company, Jackson, Mississippi. It has been determined that
employee exposures to mottle dust which contained small amounts of lead
and asbestos found in the Mottle Area were not toxic in the concentrations
measured at the time of this survey. This determination was based on low
workroom concentrations of these substances and absence of medical symp-
tomatology.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, pp. 20-1
(5 January 1976)]
38-0006
ASBESTOS
Plant, Albert F.
LEST WE FORGET: RESERVE MINING (Editorial)
Chem. Eng. News _54_ (3) : 4 (19 January 1976)
Using the case of Reserve Mining Company's on-and-off-dumping of its taconite
tailings into Lake Superior, the author comments on the increasing complexity of
pollution abatement and the long, drawn-out judicial and governmental involve-
ments. Adding to the confusion involving this case, is new evidence that indi-
cates air-borne asbestos-type fibers may cause cancer.
-338-
-------
38-0007
BENZIDINE
McCann, Joyce et al
DETECTION OF CARCINOGENS AS MUTAGENS IN THE SALMONELLA/MICROSOME TEST:
ASSAY OF 300 CHEMICALS
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72. (12): 5135-9 (1975)
The Salmonella/ia±croso'me mutagenlcity test seems to offer promise as a means
of detecting potential carcinogens and mutagens quickly and inexpensively.
To test its feasibility, this method was used to determine the mutagenicity of
about 300 carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals.
These chemicals included 3-naphthylamine, benzidine, bis(chloromethyl) ether,
3-propiolactone, di-n-butylnitrosamine, and ethyleneimine among those carci-
nogens which tested as mutagenic. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and
several related compounds are also listed as carcinogenic and mutagenic, while
di-n-propyl- and di-n-pentylnitrosamine, dimethyl- and diethylnitrosamine are
listed as weakly mutagenic. Other carcinogens shown as weakly mutagenic include
ethylene dibromide, vinyl chloride, hydrazine sulfate, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)
hydrazine. Vinylidene chloride, listed as a questionable carcinogen, appeared
to be weakly mutagenic, and ot-naphthylamine (non-carcinogenic in most studies)
showed signs of mutagenicity. The non-carcinogens dibenzyl- and diphenyl-
nitrosamine could not be tested adequately for mutagenicity, while the carcino-
genic compound, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine showed no signs of mutagenicity.
-339-
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ETHYLENEIMINE
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
-340-
-------
38-0008
FLAME RETARDANTS
Gutenmann, W.H. and Lisk, D.J.
FLAME RETARDANT RELEASE FROM FABRICS DURING LAUNDERING AND THEIR TOXICITY TO FISH
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 14 (1):61-A (July 1975)
The organophosphorus compounds tris(2,3-dlbromopropyl)phosphate (I), Pyrovatex
CP (N-methylol dimethyl phosphonopropionamide) (II), and THPOH [tetrakis (hydroxy-
methyl) phosphonium hydroxide] (III), commercially available flame retardants
for textiles, were tested for their toxicity to goldfish at a concentration
equivalent to 1 ppm, respectively, in water. During the first five days of
exposure to compound I, the only halogenated phosphorus compound tested, all the
fish died. Compound II did not appear to be toxic to the fish over a period of
30 days, while compound III caused some deaths. It was assumed that, because of
its greater lipoid solubility, compound I was more efficiently absorbed by the
goldfish.
-341-
-------
38-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
OZONE DROP SUPPORTS DEPLETION THEORY
Sci. News 109 (3): 38 (17 January 1976)
Measurements of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere made by a Nimbus 4
weather satellite confirm scientific predictions that an August 1972 solar
flare, which produced a huge amount of energetic protons, did in fact cause
an ozone decrease. Fluxes of secondary electrons produced by the protons of
dissociated nitrogen gas, causing the formation of NO, which attacked and
depleted the stratospheric ozone by 16% over the North Pole. The effect was
discontinuous, the drop in ozone remaining level until the NO was removed
from the area by air currents. Advocates of the ozone depletion theory claim
this natural event gives credence to the theory and that the discontinuous
effect indicates the lack of an atmospheric sink for the chemicals involved
in this ozone depletion effect
38-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
MCA STUDY ADDS TO FLUOROCARBON FIGHT
Chem. Eng. News 54_ (3): 7-8 (19 January 1976)
According to Drs. Nien Dak Sze and Mao Fou Wu of Environmental Research and
Technology Inc., Concord, Mass., who conducted an MCA-sponsored study, it
seems likely that there is a "tropospheric sink" that might remove chloro-
fluorocarbons in the troposphere. Such a sink would cut down the halocarbons
diffusing to the stratosphere and, under steady-state conditions, a sink with
a 10-year lifetime would produce a drop of only 1.2% in ozone levels versus
8.5% for an infinite lifetime. Dr. Rowland, who first proposed the ozone
depletion theory, reports his latest studies do not indicate that a tropo-
spheric sink exists.
-342-
-------
38-0011
FLUOROCARBONS
Stedman, D.H.
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE OZONE LAYER
Res./Dev. 27. (1): 22-6 (1976)
Chemlluminescent techniques, electron capture gas chromatography, and a technique
involving resonance fluorescence are discussed as means of determing important
stratospheric reactants, leading to an understanding of how propellents react in
the atmosphere.
-343-
-------
HALOETHERS
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
-34A-
-------
38-0012
HYDRAZINE
Weeks, Robert W., Jr., et al
FLUORESCENT DETECTION OF HYDRAZINES VIA FLUORESCAMINE AND ISOMERIC PHTHALALDEHYDES
Anal. Chem. 4i8 (1): 159-61 (1975)
Detection of hydrazines at the ng/cm level with fluorescamine and with a- and
p-phthalaldehyde is discussed.
HYDRAZINE
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
-345-
-------
38-0013
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
.LIQUEFACTION A SUCCESS EXXON CLAIMS
Hydrocarbon Process. 54. (12): 19 (December 1975)
The Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) Process in which coal is liquefied in a non-
catalytic reactor at moderate temperature and pressure is reportedly working
well in the Baytown, Texas, pilot plant. Liquid products produced can be
used for motor gasoline blending stocks and low-sulfur fuel oil.
38-0014
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Chironis, Nicholas P.
NEW ATHENS, ILLINOIS. . . WINNING SITE FOR COALCON'S WINNING TECHNIQUE OF
CONVERTING COAL TO LIQUIDS AND GASES
Coal Age 80_ (13) : 74-7 (December 1975)
ERDA chose New Athens, near Belleville, in Illinois as the location of a
$237 million, 2600-tpd coal conversion demonstration plant. The plant will
use Coalcon's process to produce 3900 bbl/day of liquid fuels for boilers
and 22 million cfd of high-Btu pipeline gas, when ready in 1980. Factors
contributing to the site selection are discussed. The site is generally
free of environmental problems even though taller stacks may be required to
meet air quality standards under various meteorological conditions.
-346-
-------
38-0015
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Tillman, David A.
STATUS OF COAL GASIFICATION
Environ. Sci. Technol. 10_ (1): 34-8 (January 1976)
The Wellman-Galusha, the Koppers-Totzek, and the Lurgi gasifiers are compared
on the basic of their economic and environmental criteria.
38-0016
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Hughes, Evan E. et al
CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM ADVANCED ENERGY SOURCES
EPA/600/2-74-002. EPA Contract No. 68-01-0483 PB-239 450/OGA (March 1974)
The technology and environmental effects associated with production of energy
from new or advanced sources are reviewed. These include solar, geothermal,
oil shale, solid wastes, underground coal gasification, and hydrogen energy
sources. Projections to the year 2000 of levels of energy production from
the first four of these sources are presented. Environmental impacts on air
and water quality, and land use are derived per unit of energy. Levels of
pollutant emissions and other environmental effects of the development of
these advanced energy sources are projected. Impacts likely to require control
measures are identified. Subjects for research and development directed
toward control of environmental impacts are recommended. These recommendations
are incorporated into a research and development plan. Approximate priority
assignments derived from consideration of the timing of development and the
importance and degree of definition of the identified environmental effects are
given.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 7_5(10): 112 (16 May 1975)]
-347-
-------
38-0017
LIQUEFACTION AND GASIFICATION OF COAL
Anon
GOVERNMENT REPORT CITES CANCER THREAT AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN COAL CONVERSION
Coal Age 80^ (12): 13 (November 1975)
The Appalachian coal region is suggested as a prime area for coal conversion
activities but commercial coal conversion may be a potential cause of cancer
from atmospheric pollution, according to an unpublished report prepared for
the President's Energy Resources Council. Nevertheless, the report recommends
that the government develop commercial incentives to produce 350,000 bbl/day
of synthetic oil.
-348-
-------
38-0018
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Levin, Simon A.
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION
PB-246 391/7WJ (July 1974)
The Conference on EcoSystem: Analysis and Prediction held at Alta, Utah,
July 1-5, 1974, was called to assess the degree to which mathematics has
contributed, is contributing, and may contribute to solving the problem
of the prediction of the response of ecosystems to perturbations. The
conference report contains the papers presented at the conference, several
additional post-conference contributions, and a summary of the discussion
of each paper. The major topics discussed in the conference and subsequent
report are: the threshold problem in ecosystems, difficulties in modelling
populations, population-community and population-ecosystem interfaces,
ecosystem level concepts, new mathematical constructs and directions, and
the use of control theory in ecosystem management.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p. 6
(5 January 1976)]
38-0019
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Sanborn, James R.
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
PB-239 749/5GA. EPA/660/3-74-025 (December 1974)
In this study, 17 organic pesticides and five industrial chemicals were examined
in a terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem in an effort to determine their persist-
ence and accumulation by the organisms of this system. Several classes of pest-
icides are represented as one or more insecticides, herbicides, miticides or
plasticizers were investigated in this system. The use of this system for
examining uptake and persistence of widely used agricultural chemicals provides
the necessary data for comparison of field data to provide a framework which can
be used to assess the potential environmental impact of new pesticides before
they are given a recommendation for generalized use. The data obtained from
this work suggest that this model ecosystem is useful for the determination of
the uptake and persistence of pesticides by the organisms. In general, it was
found that most chemicals, with the exception of the persistent soil insecti-
cide, dieldrin, underwent extensive degradation under the experimental conditions
of the system.
[Abstract in: Government Reports Announcements 75 (10): 40 (16 May 1975)J
-349-
-------
38-0020
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Bender, Edward S. and Pearson, J. Gareth
RESULTS FROM AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS AT NEWPORT ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT,
NEWPORT, INDIANA
AD-A016 897/1WJ. EB-TR-7504A (October 1975)
Aquatic ecological surveys were conducted at Newport Army Ammunition Plant
(NAAP) from February through June 1973 to determine the effects of TNT manu-
facturing and other plant operations on the water quality and stream biota of
the drainages surrounding NAAP. Macroinvertebrates and stream water quality
were sampled monthly, and fishes quarterly. Fishes collected were typical
for streams in the area. Diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates were
affected more by natural fluctuations in the flow and runoff than by discharges
or accidental spill from the TNT facility.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.5
(5 January 1976)]
-350-
-------
NAPHTHYLAMINES
See: 38-OQ07, Benzidine
-351-
-------
38-0021
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Jaques, L.B. and Sue, T.K.
MOBILIZATION OF CHONDROITIN SULPHATE BY NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacoi. 34^ (3): 521-4 (December 1975)
Examination of urine from dogs after administration of 10, 20, and 50 rag NTA/kg,
using more specific tests for sulfated mucopolysaccharides, showed the excretion
product to be degraded by chondroitinase AC, and to be chondroitin sulfate.
-352-
-------
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
See: 38-0037, Vinyl Chloride
-353-
-------
B-PROPIOLACTONE
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
-354-
-------
38-0022
PHTHALATES
Giam, C.S. et al
CONFIRMATION OF PHTHALATE ESTERS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY DERIVATIZATION
Anal. Chem. 4£ (1): 78-80 (1976)
Chemical confirmation of trace amounts of phthalate ester plasticizers was
made via a simple, sensitive method, which involved hydrolysis of the esters
and fusion of the resultant acid with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride,
yielding N-(2-chloroethyl)phthalimide. The phthalamide is then extracted, and
analyzed by gas chromatography and an electron capture detector. A low back-
ground of 30 ng or less of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate results, and the phthal-
itnide is separated from most of the other compounds in the environmental
samples.
-355-
-------
38-0023
POLYUKETHANES
Anon
POLYURETHANE
Chem. Eng. News 5_4_ (3): 16 (19 January 1976)
When completed in mid-1977, the 25% expansion underway at Firestone Tire &
Rubber's foam rubber plant at Milan, Texas, will raise total capacity to
over 150 million board feet/year.
38-0024
POLYURETHANES
(Markets)
Anon
THE SLOW ROAD BACK
Mod. Plast. 53_ (1): 38-51 (1976)
Reviews market status of plastics in 1975, including sales, pattern of
consumption, major markets, etc. Polyurethanes and polyvinyl chloride
experienced consumption drops of about 20% in 1975 compared to 1974.
-356-
-------
38-0025
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Vandervort, Robert and Thoburn, Theodore
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION REPORT 73-68-187, McCall
Printing Company, Dayton, Ohio
PB-246 448/5WJ. NIOSH-TR-HHE-73-68-187 (April 1975)
NIOSH conducted a health hazard survey to evaluate employee exposures to air
contaminants in the letterpress room of a large printing company. It was
determined from environmental and medical data that trichloroethylene was
not toxic in the amounts used in paper splicing. Paper dust exposures were
found to cause mild irritation in employees with allergic disorders, and
exposures to'press oven smoke' resulted in episodes of minor, transient,
irritative symptoms.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
See: 38-0037, Vinyl Chloride
-357-
-------
38-0026
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Anon
NEW OIL SHALE DEAL MAY TRIGGER BIG UTAH PROJECT
Chem. Week 118 (2): 13 (14 January 1976)
The Oil Shale Corp. (Tosco) will start predevelopment work in 1976 on a
commercial-size oil shale processing plant now that the Utah Land Board
has given the company permission to unitize 29 separate state oil shale
leases. An eventual 75,000-bbls/day would up permanent jobs in Utah by
about 1,500.
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
See: 38-0016, Liquefaction and Gasification of Coal
-358-
-------
38-0027
VINYL CHLORIDE
Hoffmann, Dietrich et al
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN TOBACCO SMOKE
Anal. Chem. 48_ (1): 47-50 (1976)
The described chemical-analytical technique in which the vinyl chloride (VC)
in tobacco smoke is converted to 1,2-dibromo-l-chloroethane (DB-VC), after
being trapped on charcoal and extracted, shows the presence of up to 16 ng
of VC in cigarette smoke and 20 ng in little cigar smoke, a concentration
equivalent to approximately 30 ppb. The presence of VC in marijuana smoke
adds to the possibility that VC can be emitted into the atmosphere by the
burning of plant materials or other organic matter that contains chlorine.
Quantitative determination was made via gas liquid chromatography with an
electron capture detector.
38-0028
VINYL CHLORIDE
Feron, V.J. et al
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION AND TOXICITY OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN RATS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (6): 633-8 (December 1975)
In an effort to determine the potential toxicity of vinyl chloride monomer
(VCM) when administered orally, rats were given 300 mg VCM in soya-bean oil/kg
body weight by stomach intubation and 30, 100, and 300 mg VCM/kg body weight by
gavage. Rats were also fed diets containing PVC powder with a VCM initial
content of 1850 ppm.
Over 92% of the VCM given in oil by gavage at the 300 mg level was recovered
from the atmosphere within 4 hours. Rats treated in this manner showed no
gain in body weight and only a slight decrease in white blood cells and blood
sugar content. A significant increase was noted in liver-to-body weight, but
histological liver changes did not confirm liver damage. A 2-year chronic
toxicity/carcinogenicity study of the effects of orally-administered VCM in
rats is underway now.
-359-
-------
38-0029
VINYL CHLORIDE
Hefner, R.E., Jr. et al
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF VINYL CHLORIDE
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 34_ (3): 529-32 (December 1975)
Monkeys were exposed to inhalation concentrations of 7000 and 800 ppm of
vinyl chloride (VC) for 2.0 and 2.5 hr, respectively. The amount of VC
absorbed at 7000 ppm was 0.023% and at 800 ppm it was 0.031%. Most of the
VC absorbed was eliminated through the lungs.
These data indicate that a 6-ft, 90-kg man exposed to 7000 ppm of VC for 2 hr
would absorb 4.75 mg, an amount corresponding to exposure to 0.2 ppm in the
air for 8 hr (assuming amount of inhaled air to be 10 cu m and all inhaled VC
is absorbed). It is concluded that the body will absorb significant amounts
of VC following short-term exposures of the skin to high concentrations but
that no significant percutaneous absorption is likely to result from exposure
to concentrations of VC as low as 1 or 5 ppm in the working environment.
38-0030
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
NOW PVC MOVES UP TO THE ROOFTOP IN MULTIFUNCTION SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
Mod. Plast. .53 (1): 26, 28, (1976)
Markosite Breathing Shingles from Markos Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, are
roof shingles injection molded in PVC, which can be used for roofing of homes
with a solar-heated hot water supply. The shingles have an acceptable UL
and ASTM fire-retardance rating.
-360-
-------
38-0031
VINYL CHLORIDE
Tordella, J.P.
PERMANENT PLASTICIZER RESINS FOR PVC
Mod. Plast. 53. (1): 64-6 0-976)
DuPont is developing two permanent plasticizers for PVC. Identified as PB 3041
and PB 3042, these plasticizers are high-molecular-weight ethylene copolymers,
slightly crystalline, having low melting points and heats of fusion. Available
as pellets or granules, the plasticizers contribute low-temperature impact
resistance and high tear strength. Physical and electrical properties are
tabulated.
38-0032
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Production)
Anon
NEW DISPERSION PVC PLANT
Mod. Plast. ,5_3 (1): 85 (1976)
Firestone Plastics Co. is now onstream with its Perryville, Missouri, PVC
plant which has a capacity of 23,000 tons. Firestone thus becomes the largest
U.S. producer of dispersion-grade PVC. The new plant uses cotinuous polymer-
ization and a new spray-drying technique.
-361-
-------
38-0033
VINYL CHLORIDE
MacBride, Roland R.
THE BETTER-TIMES GAP IN VCM CAPACITY COULD LEAD TO NEW CAPTIVE VENTURES
Mod. Plast. 53^ (1): 12 (1976)
The summer of 1976 could see another shortage of VCM because no significant
increase in capacity has occurred since early 1975 and expectations are that
by mid-1976 there will be 588,000 tons more PVC capacity. The increased PVC
capacity results from a gain of 716,000 tons via Georgia-Pacific, Robintech,
Firestone and Tenneco minus 128,000 tons from the drop out of Olin and Uni-
royal. Although indications are that some 800,000 additional tons of VCM
may be needed by 1979, Conoco Chemicals is the only producer contemplating
a large expansion, but Borden is building, Robintech is trying to buy a VCM
facility, etc.
As of 1 January 1976, the price of VCM rose by 1.6
-------
38-0035
VINYL CHLORIDE
(Markets)
Baba, Theodore B. and Kennedy, James R.
ETHYLENE AND ITS COPRODUCTS: THE NEW ECONOMICS
Chem. Eng. 83_ (1) : 116-28 (5 January 1976)
Impact on the economics of ethylene and other petrochemicals stemming from
possible need to use heavier feedstocks is reviewed. Polyvinyl chloride
and other plastics consume most of the ethylene produced.
38-0036
VINYL CHLORIDE
Dwyer, F.G. et al
EFFICIENT, NONPOLLUTING ETHYLBENZENE PROCESS
Chem. Eng. 83_ (1): 90-1 (5 January 1976)
A new alkylation catalyst developed jointly by Mobil Oil Corp. subsidiaries
and The Badger Co., offers economic and environmental advantages for the
production of ethylene. The catalyst, successfully tested in a 40-million-
Ib/yr demonstration plant, is environmentally inert. Process streams do not
require treatment.
-363-
-------
38-0037
VINYL CHLORIDE
Gay, Bruce W., Jr., et al
ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION OF CHLORINATED ETHYLENES
Environ. Sci. Technol. 10 (1): 58-67 (1976)
To provide additional information leading to an understanding of the atmospheric
degradation of halogenated compounds, photooxidation reactions and products of
ethylene (and various chlorinated ethylenes) and nitrogen dioxide were measured.
Reactivities of the compounds were rated as follows: 1,1-dichloroethylene
(vinylidene chloride) > 1,2-dichloroethylene-trichloroethylene > ethylene >
vinyl chloride > tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). Photooxidation products
are discussed.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 38-0003, Asbestos
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
See: 38-0024, Polyurethanes
-364-
-------
VINYL'IDENE CHLORIDE
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
See: 38-0037, Vinyl Chloride
-365-
-------
38-0038
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Dumas, T. and Bond, E.J.
BROMIDE RESIDUES IN APPLES FUMIGATED WITH ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
J. Agric. Food Chem. 23 (1): 95-8 (1975)
Three varieties of apples were fumigated with 8-24 mg/1 of ethylene dibromide
(EDB) for 4 hr at 13°C and held at this temperature. In less than 13 days,
the EDB residues in the pulp and skin had dropped to less than 0.1 ppm. At
20°C, it took only 5 days for the residues to decline to negligible levels;
at 25°C, only 4 days. At a storage temperature of only 4°C, however, higher
residues persisted for almost 4 weeks before dropping to the 0.1 ppm level.
Levels of up to 30 ppm of EDB in the seeds immediately after fumigation did.
not decline during 13 days of storage at 13°C. Inorganic bromide residues
after the desorption of organic bromide were from 2.0-4.8 ppm, even when the
amount of EDB used in fumigation was twice the effective dosage used in
practice.
(A summary of this article in Food, Cosmet. Toxicol. IJ (6): 671 (Dec. 1975)
describes these results as "fairly reassuring" since an earlier report had
indicated that repeated doses of EDB had caused squamous-cell carcinomas in
the forestomach of rats and mice.)
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
See: 38-0007, Benzidine
-366-
-------
38-0039
NITROSAMINES
Shapley, Deborah
NITROSAMINES: SCIENTISTS ON THE TRAIL OF PRIME SUSPECT IN URBAN CANCER
Science 191 (4224): 268-70 (23 January 1976)
Nitrosamines, known animal carcinogens, have recently been detected in air,
soil, water, and sewage treatment plants from NYC to West Virginia. Although
nitrosamines have not yet been identified as human carcinogens, there is a
potential that may be health hazards. It may be that nitrosamines, rather
than NO or M^, are responsible for the high levels of cancer correlated with
the nitrogen oxides in some urban areas. Control of nitrosamines may be
difficult since they are generated from various chemicals almost anywhere in
the environment. From the levels of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) measured in
Belle, W. Va., humans could inhale 1 to 1.4 yg of DMN on a clear day.
38-0040
NITROSAMINES
Weekes, U.Y.
METABOLISM OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE TO MUTAGENIC INTERMEDIATES BY KIDNEY
MICROSOMAL ENZYMES AND CORRELATION WITH REPORTED HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
KIDNEY TUMORS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55. (5): 1199-1201 (November 1975)
Purified kidney microsomal enzymes from certain mice were highly capable of
generating mutagenic intermediates from dimethylnitrosamine. In the mouse
strains examined, the study showed a correlation between the susceptibility
of certain organs to tumors induced by this compound and the ability of the
same organs to activate the nitrosamine to mutagenic metabolites in vitro.
-367-
-------
38-0041
NITROSAMINES
Althoff, Jiirgen et al
CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF 2,2'-DIMETHYLDIPROPYLNITROSAMINE IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 55 (1): 1209-11 (November 1975)
Syrian hamsters injected sc once a week for life at levels of 500, 250, 125
and 62.5 mg/kg body weight with 2,2'-dimethyldipropylnitrosamine (DMDPN)
developed neoplasms in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and bronchi,
but not in other organs. Comparisons are made with the carcinogenic effects
of di-n-propylnitrosamine (DPN), previously attributed to oxidation at the
beta carbon. DMDPN, however, could not undergo beta oxidation. It is
suggested that beta oxidation might be involved in liver, pancreas and kidney
cancer development and that different metabolic pathways govern the develop-
ment of cancers in different organ systems.
38-0042
NITROSAMINES
Phillips, J.C. et al
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE IN THE RAT. II. THE
EFFECTS OF PHENOBARBITONE AND 20-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ON THE IN VITPO AND
IN VIVO METABOLISM AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE IN YOUNG AND
MATURE RATS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (6): 611-17 (December 1975)
Examination of livers from 5-week old and 16-week old male and female rats given
C-labelled dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) ip showed similar levels of DMN demethylase
activity and comparable liver weights, microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450
content. There was no significant difference in the acute toxicity (LD5g) of DMN
in either the young or old animals, but the LD5Q was reduced in mature females
pretreated with phenobarbitone.
-368-
-------
38-0043
NITROSAMINES
Fiddler, W. et al
DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE IN SOUSE AND SIMILAR JELLIED CURED-MEAT PRODUCTS
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13_ (6): 653-4 (December 1975)
Analysis of 7 samples of commercial souse, two samples of blood and tongue,
and one of head cheese showed that 8 of the 10 samples contained from 3 to
63 yg/kg of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). These jellied products, cured with
nitrite or nitrite-nitrate, are not widely used in the U.S. but may be important
parts of diets elsewhere. Products containing gelatin will be analyzed for
DMNA, since nitrosamines are potential carcinogens and relatively little is
known about their presence in the human diet.
-369-
-------
38-0044
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
RED DYE 2 FADE-OUT?
Chem. Week 118 (3): 17 (21 January 1976)
The removal of Red Dye No. 2 from the FDA's 1960 list of provisionally approved
food colorings is being considered. This action follows the release of an FDA
report which showed that one-third of the female rats fed large doses of that
dye for two and a half years developed cancer of the kidney, liver or muscles,
or lukemia. The highest dosages of 300 ppm given to animals appeared five
times more likely to develop cancer than those fed lower dosages. Rats younger
than two did not develop malignancies, a fact which may explain why cancer was
not detected in the FDA research conducted for 24 months in the 1950's
The FDA also intends to ban the use of the growth stimulant, diethylstilbestrol
(DES) and to issue a warning of an association between uterine cancer and some
estrogen drugs.
38-0045
GENERAL INFORMATION
Duffle, John A. and Beckman, William A.
SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING
Science 191 (4223): 143-9 (16 January 1976)
One-quarter of the nation's energy use consists of thermal energy for buildings
at temperatures near or below 100°C. Solar heating and cooling for buildings
delivered from flat-plate solar energy collectors is expected to be the first
large-scale application of solar energy. The authors consider and discuss tech-
nical, economic and social factors influencing this development, including archi-
tectural constraints, special tax and government inducements, and utilization
of existing information and data.
-370-
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38-0046
GENERAL INFORMATION
Fisher, Nicholas S.
NORTH SEA PHYTOPLANKTON
Nature 259 (5539): 160 (15 January 1976)
The author suggests that the presence of persistent industrial pollutants
partially accounts for the large scale changes in North Sea phytoplankton
communities detected since the mid-1960s by the Continuous Plankton Recorder
survey and described by P.C. Reid (Nature 257. 217-9 (1975). The observed
decline in diatom populations, possible increase in microflagellate abun-
dance, and a decline in the zooplankton biomass could not be easily explained
by eutrophication and climatic changes alone, according to Reid. Sensitivity
to low levels of industrial waste products, such as heavy metals, petroleum
hydrocarbons, and stable chlorinated hydrocarbons by marine phytoplankton has
been demonstrated by general researchers. The author recognizes that many
other environmental factors affect these biological systems as well.
38-0047
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
WARNING ON KEPONE
Chem. Week 118 (2): 18(14 January 1975)
Of the 36 formulators, shippers, packagers and handlers of Kepone recently
contacted by OSHA about 19 were still using the chlorinated pesticide. OSHA
instructed the users to limit their employees' exposure to Kepone and requested
that concentrations of the chemical be monitored and measured in the work-
place. The companies can expect to be inspected to determine the adequacy of
control methods, of personal protective equipment, of training in proper
handling and of records relating to Kepone.
-371-
-------
38-0048
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDE KEPONE. . .
Chem. Eng. News 54. (3): 34 (19 January 1976)
Researchers at the Medical College of Virginia have a one-year contract with the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to study the health effects
of Kepone and to develop therapy for those affected by the pesticide. More
than half of the 110 or more workers at plant in Hopewell, Va., which produced
Kepone, have high levels of the pesticide in their blood. Twenty workers have
been hospitalized with various neurological disorders.
38-0049
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carpenter, C.P. et al
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON TOXICITY STUDIES. VI. ANIMAL AND HUMAN RESPONSES TO VAPORS
OF "60 SOLVENT"; VII. ANIMAL AND HUMAN RESPONSES TO VAPORS OF "70 SOLVENT"; and
VIII. ANIMAL AND HUMAN RESPONSE TO VAPORS OF "140° FLASH ALIPHATIC SOLVENT"
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. J34_ (3), 374-94; 395-412; 413-29 (December 1975)
These three studies paralled the work performed by the same authors on varnish
makers' and painters' naphtha, Stoddard solvent, rubber solvent, and mixed xylenes.
A stepwise Approach was used to determine a no-ill-effect inhalation level in rats
and dogs. Based on results of inhalation studies with animals and sensory response
of human subjects described in these investigations, hygienic standards are sug-
gested: 0.44 mg/liter (90 ppm) concentration of "60 Solvent", 0.32 mg/liter
(59 ppm) concentration of "70 Solvent", and 0.23 mg/liter (37 ppm) concentration
of "140° Flash Aliphatic Solvent."
-372-
-------
38-0050
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON OCEAN DUMPING RESEARCH, JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1974,
PUBLIC LAW 92-532, TITLE II SECTION 201.
NOAA-75091603, COM-75-11410, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, D.C. (June 1975)
This is the second annual report submitted to Congress on the federally
sponsored research on the effects of ocean dumping, as required under Section
201. The report describes significant Federal research programs and activities
carried out in 1974. It also includes a summary of 1974 studies relative to
the requirements of Section 203. It contains sections on research on ocean
disposal of dredge and nondredged material, dumpsite characterizations, Coast
Guard R & D for ocean dumping surveillance and enforcement, dredged material
disposal in the Great Lakes, and research on alternatives to ocean dumping.
During 1974 approximately 130 million tons of material were dumped in U.S.
coastal waters. Dredged material accounted for 118 million tons, or over 90%
of the total tonnage dumped in 1974. Dredged material is an environmental
concern because of the large quantities involved and the presence of con-
taminated sediments. The ocean disposal of wastes other than dredged materials
occurs mainly in the New York Bight.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.6
(5 January 1976)
38-0051
GENERAL INFORMATION
Lee, Richard F.
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON
NSF/IDOE-75-31, PB-245-699. Published in Conference on Prevention and Control
of Oil Pollution Effects pp. 549-53, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography,
Savannah, Georgia (1975)
The work described in the paper is concerned with the uptake, metabolism,
storage, and discharge of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine zooplankton, an
important link in the marine food web. Both paraffinic and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were added to seawater containing various species of zooplankton
collected off California, British Columbia, and in the Arctic. Uptake was
linear for 24 hours with no further increase in stored hydrocarbon after that
time. Most ingested hydrocarbon was metabolized and discharged by the various
crustacean species although a small percentage (less than 1% of the ingested
hydrocarbon) was stored by all species even after a long depuration time.
Preliminary work has suggested that hydrocarbons are metabolized and discharged
at a greater rate when absorbed to ingested algae. No metabolism of hydro-
carbons by the algae cells was noted. Also, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons
appear to be metabolized at a higher rate than the nonalkylated aromatic hydro-
carbons.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology p.6
(5 January 1976)]
-373-
-------
38-0052
GENERAL INFORMATION
McNutt, Neil S. and Amster, Robert L.
HEPATIC LESIONS IN MICE AFTER CONTINUOUS INHALATION EXPOSURE TO 1,1,1-'TRICHLORO-
ETHANE
AD-A017-247, Published in Laboratory Investigation^ (5): 642-54 (1975)
Male CF-1 mice (24-34 gm.) were exposed to either 250 ppm or 1000 ppm of
1,1,1-trichloroethane in air continuously for 14 weeks; control mice were
exposed to room air. Serial sacrifice of exposed and control mice demonstrated
significant changes in the centrilobular hepatocytes of animals in the 1000 ppm
group. Moderate liver triglyceride accumulation was evident in the 1000 ppm
group and peaked at 40 mg. per gm. of tissue (wet weight) after 7 weeks of
exposure. Partical recovery was indicated by a decrease in the hepatic trigly-
ceride level to 16 mg. per gm. by 14 weeks of exposure to 1000 ppm. Electron
microscopic evaluation revealed that cytoplasmic alterations were most severe
in centrilobular hepatocytes in the 1000 ppm group and were mild to minimal in
the 250 ppm group. These alterations consisted of vesiculation of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum, with loss of attached polyribosomes, increased smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, and triglyceride droplets. Necrosis of
individual hepatocytes occurred in 40% of the mice exposed to 1000 ppm for 12
weeks. Comparison of these findings to results obtained by other investigators
studying dichloromethane indicates that these pathologic alterations were
similar to those observed with dichloromethane, except for different time
courses of the effects and different degrees of recovery. The toxic effects
of 1,1,1-trichloroethane were similar to but less severe than those produced by
carbon tetrachloride.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology p. 12
(5 January 1976)]
-374-
-------
39-0001
ARSENIC
Gills, I.E. et al
DETERMINATION OF TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN BODY FLTTID REFERENCE SAMPLES
PB-246 786. Pub. in Proc. Ann. Conf. on Trace Substances in Environ.
Health (8th), Missouri-Columbia Univ., 11-13 June 1974, 8_, 273-80 (1974)
The measurement of elemental concentration in body fluids has been widely
used to give indication of exposures to certain toxic materials and/or a
measure of body burden. To understand fully the toxicological affect of
these trace elements on the physiological system, meaningful analytical
data is required along with accurate standards. A number of reference
samples containing selected toxic trace elements in body fluids have been
prepared. The reference samples include mercury in urine at three
concentration levels, and lead in blood at two concentration levels. These
reference samples have been found to be extremely useful for the evaluation
of field and laboratory analytical methods for the analysis of toxic elements.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.77
(26 January 1976)]
39-0002
ARSENIC
Zook, Elizabeth G. et al
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF SELECTED SEAFOODS FOR
MERCURY, LEAD, CADMIUM, CHROMIUM, AND ARSENIC CONTENT
J. Agric. Food Chem. 24^ (1): 47-53 (January - February 1976)
The results of a screening study to determine the mineral concentrations in
fish consumed in the U.S. delineates the microconstituent content of arsenic,
mercury, lead, cadmium, and cobalt in 34 kinds of seafood. A higher concentra-
tion of arsenic than of any other of the tested elements was reported, the
overall arsenic mean being 2.6 ppm compared to less than 0.2 ppm for cadmium,
less than 0.4 ppm for chromium, less than 1 ppm for lead, and 0.13 ppm for
mercury. However, fish as a rule are known to show relatively high levels
of arsenic, and the arsenic in shrimp, for example, exists in a form not
readily assimilated by humans or animals.
-375-
-------
39-0003
ASBESTOS
Gunter, Bobby J.
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION REPORT 73-149-140, FEDERAL-
MOGUL CORPORATION, GALLIPOLIS, OHIO
PB-246 460. NIOSH-TR-HHE-73-149-140 (June 1974)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in response
to a request received from a representative of employees conducted a health
hazard survey to evaluate worker exposure to iron, copper, total dust, asbestos,
and carbon monoxice at the Federal-Mogul Corporation, Gallipolis, Ohio, during
the manufacture of automobile transmission parts. Based upon results obtained
from environmental observations, medical questionnaires, and the Industrial
Hygienist's personal observations, it was determined that a health hazard did
exist at the time of the evaluation.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.56
(19 January 1976)]
39-0004
ASBESTOS
Menis, 0. et al
THE APPLICATION OF THERMOANALYTICAL METHODS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
PB-247 009. Pub. in Proc. of ICTA Conference (4th), Budapest, Hungary, 8-13
July 1974, Chapter in Thermal Analysis _3» 127-39, 1975.
Differential thermoanaly.sis methods provided an independent measurement of
quartz and chrysotile asbestos in the preparation of calibration standards
needed by environmental control agencies. It was found that 30-500 micro-
grams of chrysotile asbestos could be measured with a relative standard
deviation of 15 percent. Sealed silver containers were used to provide a self-
generating atmosphere which reduced the spread of the dehydroxylation peak
and improved both selectivity and sensitivity. A repeat-measurement of the
thermal curve, after the dehydroxylation, provided a correction for the matrix
baseline. Under similar experimental conditions, microgram quantities of
quartz were determined with a relative standard deviation of approx. 2 percent.
However, there was a 50 percent difference between the NBS-ICTA SRM 759 and
commercially prepared material. It was shown that this difference could be
eliminated by thermally treating the commercial product.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.75
(26 January 1976)]
-376-
-------
39-0005
ASBESTOS
Anon
ASBESTOS-FREE TALC
Rubber Age 108 (1): 56 (1976)
Available from Pennsylvania Minerals & Mining Co., Aspers, Pa., the asbestos-
free talc, SER-X, is a hydrous alumina silicate that can be used in dusting
molds, as a basic rubber filler, and as a means of keeping rubber layers from
sticking to each other.
-377-
-------
39-0006
BENZIDINE
Ferber, Kelvin, H. et al
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS ON BLADDER TUMOR
INCIDENCE IN A BENZIDINE MANUFACTURING FACILITY
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. , J. 37. (1): 61-8 (1976)
The hazards of benzidine as a bladder carcinogen were reported as early as 1940,
and the potential carcinogenicity of benzidine sulfate was recognized about 10
years later, at which time industry began to study the problem. About 1950,
Allied Chemical undertook a study of the manufacturing processes in its Buffalo
dye manufacturing plant and during the next five years developed a fully enclosed
wet process for benzidine sulfate aimed at reducing worker exposure to all forms
of benzidine.
A statistical analysis of records accumulated in the ensuing years shows that
the new process significantly reduced the number of bladder tumors among employees,
No bladder tumors have occurred in any worker employed since the first of 1955.
-378-
-------
39-0007
BORON
Versar, Inc.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF BORON, INDIUM NICKEL,
SELENIUM, TIN, VANADIUM AND THEIR COMPOUNDS. VOLUME I - BORON.
PB-245 984. EPA/560/2-75/005a (August 1975)
This first in a series of reports on the title materials covers: boron industry
in the United States; production; uses of boron compounds; current practices;
environmental contamination; monitoring and analysis; chemical reactivity;
biology; environmental effects; toxicity; current regulations and effects levels;
and standards.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.31
(12 January 1976)]
-379-
-------
39-0008
ETHYLENEIMINE
Anon
PEI POLYMERS...INFINITE MODIFICATIONS, PRACTICAL VERSATILITY
The Dow Chemical Company. Brochure, Form No. 192-328-74
Physical properties, reactions, applications, storage and handling, safety
considerations and disposal of polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers are discussed.
Although PEI products are not considered to be serious health hazards "under
anticipated conditions of operation", they can cause eye and skin irritation
on contact and should be carefully handled to minimize generation of dusts or
mists. According to tests on rats and dogs, PEI products show low repeated
ingestion toxicity, but overexposure caused injury to the kidney and liver.
-380-
-------
39-0009
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
ECONOMIC IMPACTS ASSESSED FOR FLUOROCARBONS BANS. . .
Chem. Eng. 83_ (2) : 55 (19 January 1976)
If all uses of the fluorocarbons, F-ll and F-12, and of carbon tetrachloride
were banned in the U.S., there would be a 92% decrease in emissions over a
20-year period. This decrease would ease the ozone depletion threat, according
to an Arthur D. Little, Inc. report to the EPA, but would impose a severe
economic impact on numerous industries. Some 15 compounds that could cause
ozone depletion are listed; 18 alternative regulatory actions are considered
in light of their economic effects on F-ll, F-12, CCl^, and on F-22 and methyl
chloroform.
39-0010
FLUOROCARBONS
Anon
BALLOON PROBES SEEK FLUOROCARBON DATA
Chem. Eng. News .54 (5) : 5-6 (2 February 1976)
In conjunction with the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, researchers
at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, will launch balloon probes to study the
reactions of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 at more than 50,000 feet above the
earth. The study will also investigate the possible effects of nitric oxide on
stratospheric ozone.
-381-
-------
39-0011
HYDRAZINE
Koshy, K. Thomas et al
PHOTOLYSIS OF BENZOIC ACID 2-(2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENYL)HYDRAZINE
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2J3 (6): 1084-8 (November - December 1975)
By use of TLC, GLC, and GLC-MS, eight photolysis products of benzoic acid
2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazide were identified. Of these, the two major
products were benzoic acid 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazide and 2,4,6-trichloro-
benzophenone.
The title hydrazide, which is the main hydrolysis product of the miticide,
benzoyl chloride (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone, was investigated because
it was found as a residue on citrus leaves sprayed with the hydrazone miticide.
-382-
-------
39-0012
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Wallis, Ian G.
MODELLING THE IMPACT OF WASTE ON A STABLE FISH POPULATION
Water Res. 9_ (12): 1025-36 (1975)
Analytical and simulation studies of a model developed to determine the effects
of waste discharges on a stable fish population indicate the usefulness of a
simple model and show that biomass is a sensitive means of describing mortality
changes in environments with comparatively small fluctuations.
39-0013
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Hart, F.L. and Helfgott, T.
BIO-REFRACTDRY INDEX FOR ORGANICS IN WATER
Water Res. 9. (12): 1055-9 (1975)
A refractory-index classification is described and shown to be a useful measure
of persistence of materials usually found in the ecosystem. The studies in-
dicate> that certain common organic compounds, which resist degradation for a
long time, should be prevented from entering the waterways, if possible.
-383-
-------
39-0014
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Harrison, Elizabeth A.
ECOSYSTEM MODELS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS).
NTIS/PS-75/846
The bibliography contains abstracts which cover marine biology, natural resources,
wildlife, plants, water pollution, microorganisms, food chains, radioactive sub-
stances, limnology, and diseases as related to ecosystem models. (Contains 214
abstracts)
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, pp. 49-i>U
(19 January 1976)J
39-0015
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Russell, Clifford S.
ECOLOGICAL MODELING IN A RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK.
PB-246 665. RFF Working Paper-QE-1, ISBN-0-8018-1773-0, NOAA-75101506
(July 1975). (Available from Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, Md. 21218
at $6.00)
The report is a collection of papers concerning both physical and ecological
modeling for a number of specific locations. Titles of the papers are:
Ecological modeling in a resource management framework: An introduction;
CLEANER: The Lake George model; A discussion of CLEAN, The aquatic model of
the Eastern deciduous forest biome; The Delaware Estuary model; Application of
mathematical models to the study, monitoring and management of the North Sea;
Phytoplankton models and eutrophication problems; Fish population models;
Potential and actual links to ecological models; Fisheries and ecological models
in fisheries resource management; Management of large-scale environmental modeling
projects; and Present problems and Future prospects of ecological modeling.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p. 50
(19 January 1976) ]
-384-
-------
39-0016
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Bull, Don L. and Ivie, G. Wayne
METABOLISM OF 0-ETHYL <9-[4-METHYLTHIO)PHENYL] S-PROPYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE
(BAY NTN 9306) BY WHITE HATS
J. Agric. Food Chem. 24 (1): 143-6 (January - February 1976)
The title compound, an experimental organophosphorus insecticide having fairly
low mammalian toxicity (acute oral LDcQ for rats: 227 mg/kg), was rapidly
metabolized and excreted by rats who had received an oral dose of 10 mg/kg.
Approximately 92% was excreted in the urine in 24 hr. Radioactive residues
peaked in all tissues 2 hr after treatment (0.84 ppm, blood; 0.25 ppm, brain;
4.27 ppm, liver; 8.38 ppm, kidney; 0.25 ppm, muscle; and 1.20 ppm, fat) but
dropped to less than 0.1 ppm after 72 hr.
39-0017
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Ivie, G. Wayne et al
METABOLIC FATE OF 0-ETHYL 0-[4-(METHYLTHIO)PHENYL-14C] S-PROPYL PHOSPHORO-
DITHIOATE (BAY NTN 9306) IN A LACTATING COW
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2k_ (1): 147-51 (January - February 1976)
The title compound, a promising experimental insecticide, was not rapidly
absorbed by a cow who had been given a 0.12 mg/kg oral dose. Residues in
venous blood reached a maximum in 12-24 hr after treatment but were never
higher than 0.005 ppm. During the 6 days following treatment, about 90% of the
dose was excreted via the urine, about 0.1% in milk, and the rest in the feces.
The cow, given a second dose of 0.62 mg/kg ten days after the first dose, was
sacrificed 12 hours later. Tissue analysis revealed low residues, the highest
being 0.21 ppm in the kidney. Major metabolites apparently are not toxicologi-
cally significant.
-385-
-------
39-0018
MODEL ECOSYSTEMS
Brown, Lewis R. et al
THE EFFECT OF MIREX AND CARBOFURAN ON ESTUARINE MICROORGANISMS
PB-247 147. EPA/660/3-75/024 (March 1975)
The purpose of the investigation was to help establish the chemical, physical
and micro-biological fate of mirex and carbofuran in the estuarine environ-
ment and determine the effect(s) on important estuarine microorganisms and
their activities. Chemical studies on the adsorption, fate and hydrolysis
were conducted. The micro-biological studies involved the use of both pure
cultures and mixed cultures in a microcosm system and included twelve
distinct physiological groups of microorganisms. It was concluded that
neither mirex nor carbofuran would have a deleterious effect on estuarine
bacteria under normal conditions, and there was no evidence of bioaccumula-
tion. Degradation products of both compounds were shown to be toxic to some
microorganisms.
-386-
-------
39-0019
PHTHALATES
Kevy, Sherwin V. et al
TOXICOLOGY OF PLASTIC DEVICES HAVING CONTACT WITH BLOOD
PB-247 168. NIH/NHLI-72-2969-CR (October 1975)
The objectives of this research were twofold: (1) the utilization of an
animal model to evaluate the functional effect of Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate
(DEHP) accumulation, and (2) the development of an in vitro testing procedure
that could be correlated with the animal studies. The rate of extraction of
DEHP from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is dependent upon both the temperature
during storage and the lipid content of the medium. DEHP so obtained is in
true solution, with particle sizes less than 0.22 micron. Tissue culture
studies demonstrate that solubilized DEHP in varying concentrations inhibits
the growth and ultimately kills human diploid fibroblasts. PVC and
siliconized glass transfused rhesus had abnormalities in liver histopathology
and liver functions for up to 14 months following cessation of transfusions.
DEHP or silicon persisted in the tissues for up to 14 months post-transfusion.
Both the control rhesus and those transfused with platelets processed in poly-
ethylene containers were normal.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.68
(26 January 1976)]
-387-
-------
39-0020
POLYURETHANES
Jellinek, H.H. G. and Takada, K.
TOXIC GAS EVOLUTION FROM POLYMERS: EVOLUTION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE FROM LINEAR
POLYURETHANE
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 13 (12): 2709-23 (1975)
Linear polyurethane was heated (from about 260 to 480°C) in the presence
and absence of oxygen and the evolution of HCN was determined as a function
of time, temperature, oxygen pressure, film thickness, and chain length. The
mechanisms of thermal oxidative degradation are compared with those of thermal
degradation.
-388-
-------
39-0021
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Bloom, T.F. et al
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION REPORT 73-151-141, ESSEX
WIRE CORPORATION, KENTON, OHIO
PB-246 461. NIOSH-TR-HHE-73-151-141 (August 1974)
NIOSH received a request to evaluate employee exposure to trichloroethylene
used as a solvent in degreasing operations and to dodecyl-succinic anhydride
used as an epoxy hardener in the epoxy molding area at a plant manufacturing
ignition coils. It was determined on the basis of environmental measurements
that trichloroethylene and dodecyl-succinic anhydride were not toxic at the
concentrations found at the time of the survey. However, historical accounts
suggest that past environmental exposures may have been at toxic concentrations.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.56
(19 January 1976)J
-389-
-------
39-0022
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Blinova, E.A. and Janes, H.
THE EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIS PRODUCTS OF THE
SHALE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
PB-246 833-T. EPA-TR-76-55. (August 1975)
The report discusses the toxicological effects of the products of thermal
processing of shale (tars and phenols). Experiments were conducted to
determine the effects of these products on guinea pigs after inhalation
and contact with the skin. The experimental results indicate that shale tars
and phenols produced in the Estonian SSR are irritants and [after] a period of
exposure affect the skin. Other physiological effects are noted.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology
(19 January 1976)]
39-0023
SHALE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING
Prescott, James H.
SOVIET OIL-SHALE PROCESSES OFFERED FOR U.S. LICENSING
Chem. Eng. £3 (3): 66-7 (2 February 1976)
Operating details and cost data for two Soviet oil-shale processes, the Kiviter
process and the Galoter process, are described briefly. The Soviets are offering
the processes for U.S. licensing. Capital costs would probably run higher in
the U.S. because of environmental pollution control equipment and other factors.
-390-
-------
.39-0024
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL MAKERS READY TO CLEAR AIR
Chem. Week 118 (4): 33 (28 January 1976)
Industry is apparently not going to fight EPA's proposed standards for regulat-
ing air emissions from VC and PVC plants, although the cost of the control
techniques to be required will run high. A price increase in finished products
is anticipated.
39-0025
VINYL CHLORIDE
Lao, R.C. et al
IMPROVED METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF VINYL CHLORIDE
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 37. (1): 1-7 (1976)
Gas chromatography provides a means for accurate and reliable detection of
vinyl chloride in ambient and in-plant atmospheres. The authors describe
results achieved with various sample types.
-391-
-------
39-0026
VINYL CHLORIDE
Anon
VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER — HANDLING AND PROPERTIES
PPG Industries, Chemical Division, 1975
In 1975, PPG stood as a major supplier of vinyl chloride monomer, having a
900 million-lb/yr capacity in its Louisiana and Puerto Rico facilities.
This brochure describes the company's work practice guidelines, following
OSHA recommendations; gives the properties and hazards of VCM; discusses
handling and unloading procedures; disposal; and monitoring and analysis.
VINYL CHLORIDE
See: 39-0019, Phthalates
-392-
-------
39-0027
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Going, John and Long, Sue
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED TOXIC SUBSTANCES TASK II - ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
PB-246 213. EPA/560/6-75-001 (September 1975)
Ethylene dibromide has recently been reported by the National Cancer Institute
to be a potential carcinogen. Its commercial use is predominately as a scaveng-
ing agent for lead in gasoline. A minor usage is a pesticide fumigant. A
protocol was developed for the sampling and analysis of ethylene dibromide in
ambient air and surface water. The range in concentration of ethylene di-
bromide in the air and the site where it was collected are as follows; manu-
facturing sites, 4.2 to 115 micrograms per cu m oil refinery, 0.23-1.65 micro-
grams per cu m; urban locations near retail gasoline stations and with heavy
vehicular traffic, 0.069 to 0.11 micrograms per cu m. Two water samples collected
from streams near an oil refinery and a manufacturing site were found to
contain 1.13 and 1.05 parts per billion ethylene dibromide, respectively.
Further work to clarify ambient air levels and to assess whether they may
represent a health risk is anticipated, but the very low levels detected to date
are not thought to present a significant risk to health.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology
(19 January 1976)]
-393-
-------
39-0028
NITROSAMINES
Read, John
THE LETHAL EFFECT ON BACTERIA OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE USED WITHOUT AN ACTIVATING
AGENT
Mutat. Res. J33 (2/3)': 107-12 (December 1975)
Survival curves obtained when various strains of E. coli and Salmonella were
treated with the oncogenic agent dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in solutions of
varying concentrations are discussed. The results indicate the lethal effect
of DMN on bacteria is due to its attacking the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
of the bacteria. The damage can be repaired by those systems that repair
damage caused by UV light or X radiation.
39-0029
NITROSAMINES
Fisher, C.R. et al
MUTAGENICITY OF ACTINOMYCIN D IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA
Mutat. Res. J33 (2/3): 187-92 (December 1975)
Actinomycin D (Act D), used as an antineoplastic agent, as an inhibitor of
DNA-dependent RNA and protein synthesis, has been reported as a potent
teratogen, a carcinogen, and a mutagen. In this study, Act D induced purple
adenine-requiring mutants (ad_-3) in wild-type Neurospora crassa
Average mutation frequency was 3.6/10° survivors. The spectrum of complementa-
tion types closely resembles that of mutants induced by ICR-170, which induces
base-pair insertions or deletions, or the spectrum of X ray-induced or spon-
taneous mutants.
The spectrum is quite different from that induced by nitrous acid or N-methyl-N'-
nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine, which induce mostly base-pair substitutions.
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39-0030
NITROSAMINES
Liwerant, Irene Joab and Da Silva, Luiz H. Pereira
COMPARATIVE MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHYL METHANESULFONATE, N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-
N-NITROSOGUANIDINE, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND CAFFEINE ON DICTYOSTELIUM
DISCOIDEUM
Mutat. Res. 33 (2/3): 135-46 (December 1975)
The frequency of morphogenetlc mutants induced by N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanadine
(MNNG), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), UV radiation, and caffeine on the
cellular slime mold _D. discoideum are reported. MNNG was the most efficient
mutagenic agent of those tested, inducing a high frequency of morphogenetic
mutants with relatively low cell killing.
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39-0031
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
MONSANTO PLANS TO STOP MAKING PCB's
Chem. Eng. News 54_ (5): 4-5 (2 February 1976)
Monsanto, the sole producer in the U.S. of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
is phasing out of the business, producing now only about 40 million Ib/yr
compared to 72 million in 1970. Presently produced PCBs are used only for
closed electrical systems - transformers, capacitors, for example - for
which use no satisfactory substitute yet exists. Despite slow down in
production, PCB contamination of fish and wildlife seems to be on the increase,
and Monsanto plans eventually to stop production completely.
39-0032
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
ELECTRIC POWER FROM SPACE PROPOSED
Chem. Eng. News 5^ (4) : 5 (26 January 1976)
Satellite power stations to collect solar energy in space and return it to
earth as microwave radiation were described by the Boeing Co. and by Arthur
D. Little, Inc. to the Senate Subcommittee on Aerospace Technology & National
Needs. Boeing claims its Powersat could yield up to 10,000 Mw of electrical
energy but at an immense cost. The ADL solar power station at a cost of
$7.6 billion could provide about 5000 Mw of usable electric power.
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39-0033
GENERAL INFORMATION
Kohn, Philip M.
OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENTS BECKON ENERGY PLANNERS
Chem. Eng. £3 (3) : 53-5 (2 February 1976)
Use of the sea as a heat source and a heat sink for generating electricity
may be one way of solving the energy crisis. Conceptual designs indicate
that the concept could be cost-competitive even though a low thermal efficiency
(only 5 to 8%) can be expected. One potential problem is that of biofouling
of heat-transfer equipment in the open ocean. The method might be used more
successfully as an adjunct to offshore chemical-process-industries plants.
39-0034
GENERAL INFORMATION
Morton, Arthur R.. et al
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRINITROTOLUENE FROM EXPOSURE BELOW THE THRESHOLD LIMIT
VALUE
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., J. 37. W : 56-60 (1976)
This study shows that in an ammunition plant producing TNT workers exposed to
TNT levels of 0.8 mg/nr experienced altered taste, respiratory problems, and
dermatitis. Medical tests showed 59% of the workers (23 out of 39) to have
abnormal high lactic dehydrogenase and 9 of the workers to have abnormal high
serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. Indications are that the 1.5 mg/m-^
recommended threshold limit value (TLV) of TNT is too high and that for proper
worker protection the TLV probably should be 1.5 mg/m .
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39-0035
GENEEAL INFORMATION
Anon
POLLUTANTS FROM A METROPOLITAN AREA CAN MARKEDLY AFFECT AIR QUALITY DOWNWIND...
Chem. Eng. News 54^ (4): 18 (26 January 1976)
From a study of atmospheric data from Northern New Jersey, eastern New York,
Connecticut, and Massachusetts, Bell Telephone Labs reports that excessive
ozone concentrations in Fitchburg, Mass, result from photochemical air
pollution in the NYC area, a distance of more than 200 miles.
39-0036
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
ANOTHER KEPONE LAWSUIT
Chem. Week 118 (4): 14-5 (28 January 1976)
Some 120 James River commercial fisherman are now suing Allied Chemical, Hooker
Chemicals & Plastics, Life Science Products and Wm. F. Moore, Jr., former ex-
ecutive of Life Science Products, the one-time manufacturer of Kepone. The
fisherman claim economic losses and damages resulting from their inability to
fish the river and its tributaries since Kepone waste has affected all the marine
life there.
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39-0037
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SENATE PANEL PROBES KEPONE DISASTER
Chem. Eng. News 54_ (5): 17-8 (2 February 1976)
In the continuing Kepone saga, former employees of Life Science Products and
executives of that now-defunct company and of Allied Chemicals testified before
a Senate committee probing for the reasons behind the apparent lack of control
of plant operations and the resulting health and environmental ill effects.
39-0038
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
KEPONE CAUSES LIVER CANCER IN MICE AND RATS
Chem. Eng. News 54_ (5): 19 (2 February 1976)
Unpublished results of NCI tests show that Kepone induced liver cancer in 81%
of male mice and 52% of female mice, when fed to the mice in either low or
high doses. A smaller percentage of rats developed liver cancer also, but
only from high doses of Kepone. As with workers exposed to the pesticide, the
animals also developed tremors.
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39-0039
GENERAL INFORMATION
Crockett, Pernell W.
ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS).
NTIS/PS-75/844 (November 1975)
The bibliography cites research reports on the identification, sources, and
toxicity of environmental carcinogens. Included are data on pesticides, fire
extinguishing agents, environmental pollutants, and food additives. (Contains
158 abstracts)
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.47
(19 January 1976)]
39-0040
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON CADMIUM
PB-246 820. EPA/600/6-75/003 (July 1975)
The report is a review and evaluation of the current knowledge of cadmium in
the environment as related to possible deleterious effects on human health
and welfare. Sources, distribution, measurement, and control technology are
also considered. Cadmium is widely distributed in the environment. The air
over urban areas has contained generally less than 0.1 microgram per cubic
meter, 24-hour average, but a 24-hour average as high as 0.73 microgram/cu m
has been measured in the air of a community with a known cadmium source. The
cadmium content of water generally is less than 1 part per billion although
much higher values have been found. The cadmium content in foods varies widely.
The estimated intake from foods is 25 to 75 micrograms per day. Food and
tobacco smoke are the major sources except in the immediate vicinity of major
sources of atmospheric emissions of cadmium. Emphysema and other lung diseases
have been related to industrial exposure. Kidney damage has also resulted from
long-term exposure to cadmium. Animal experiments link anemia, hypertension,
testicular necrosis, and carcinogenesis with cadmium exposure.
[Abstract in: NTIS Weekly Government Abstracts, Medicine and Biology, p.77
(26 January 1976)]
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39-0041
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anon
FDA HAS BANNED THE USE OF DYE RED NO. 2
Chem. Eng. News 5_4 (4) : 7 (26 January 1976)
Effective immediately, Red Dye No. 2 can no longer be used to color foods, drugs
or cosmetics. FDA issued the ban on the basis of a study that "suggests" that
the dye is a "weak carcinogen". As of 1973, U.S. sales of the dye were about
1.1 million Ib, worth $2.9 million.
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