United Stnn
Envvonmcmal Protection
Ai«ncv
O*'ie»
To MIC Substi
                 Ktn and
EPA 560/7-81-010
July 1981
    DC 20460
To IK SubitancM
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
Bromoethylene
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature

1930 - 1981

-------
rxEPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
             Office of Pesticides and
             Toxic Substances
             Washington, DC 20460
EPA 68-01 -6021 Rept A
July 1981
           Toxic Substances
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
Bromoethylene
           A Comprehensive
           Bibliography of Published
           Literature

           1930- 1981

-------
50273-101
 REPORT  DOCUMENTATION
         PAGE
l._ REPORT NO.

  EPA 56Q/7-81-Q1Q
                                                                         3. Recipient'* Accession No.
 4. Title and Subtitle
                Environmental  and  Health  Aspects of Bromo-
        ethylene, A Comprehensive Bibliography of
  Published  Literature 1930-1981
                                                 5. Report O.te preparecj
                                                  June  1981
 7. Author(s)
                                                                         8. Performing Organization Rept. No.
 9. Performing Organization Name and Address
   Tracer Jitco,  Inc.
   1776 East  Jefferson  Street
   Rockville,  Maryland  20852
                                                 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

                                                  Technical  Directive  5
                                                 11. Contmct(C) or Grant(G) No.

                                                 (o 68-01-5836

                                                 (G)
 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
   Environmental  Protection Agency,  Office of Pesticides and
   Toxic Substances, Management Support Division,  401 M Street  SW,
   Washington,  D.C. 20460
                                                 13. Type of Report & Period Covered
                                                   Final  Report
                                                   1930-1981
                                                 14.
 15. Supplementary Notes
 1C. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
         This document is  a  bibliography of published  citations  on health  and
       environmental  aspects  of Bromoethylene (Chemical  Abstacts Service Registry
       Number 593-60-2) for  the period  1930 to May  1981.  The citations have
       been selected  from  a  thorough literature search,  and broadly classified
       as having  primarily environmental  or  biological  emphasis.   The sources
       used in  the search  are identified,  and for the  portion performed on-
       line, the  search strategies are  also included.                        A
 17. Document Analysis  a. Descriptors

          Bibliographies;  Literature Surveys;  Environments;  Public Health; Pollution;
          Toxicology.


   b. Identlfiers/Open.Ended Terms
          Literature Search; Literature Review;  Health Effects; Environmental Effects;
   c. COSAT\ Field/Group
 18. Availability Statement
           Release unlimited
                                                         19. Security Class (This Report)
                                                           Unclassified
                                                         20. Security Class (This Page)
                                                           Unclassified
                                                                                    21. No. of Pages
                                                                                    22. Price
(See ANSI-Z39.18)
                                         See Instructions on Reverse
                                                           OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
                                                           (Formerly NTIS-3S)
                                                           Department of Commerce

-------
                                 EPA Report. No.
                                 July 1981
      ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH
      ASPECTS OF BROMOETHYLENE
    A Comprehensive Bibliography
       of  Published Literature
             1930  - 1981

                 by

     Management  Support Division
 Information  Support Services Branch
     Office of Toxic Substances
      Washington,  D.C.   20460
             68-06-5836
          Project Officers
   Michael Weaver,  Delores  Evans

    Management  Support  Division
     Office of Toxic Substances
      Washington, D.C.   20460
     OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
      WASHINGTON, D.C.   20026

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                                    Preface
      This bibliography was created from a literature search performed under
the auspices of the Management Support Division, Information Support  Services
Branch for the Assessment Division, Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch;
both of the Office of Toxic Substances.  The search was intended  to provide
partial support for the preparation of a Preliminary Risk Assessment  on
bromoethylene (593-60-2).  This assessment reviews and evaluates  the  available
significant economic and adverse effects data from both published and
unpublished sources on a substance selected as being potentially  hazardous to
human health or the environment.

      The subject coverage of the assessment is broader than this bibliography
which includes only published environmental and biological  information.   The
bibliography does not include all information available to  the review branch.
Although it is not an authoritative source list for Preliminary Risk
Assessments, it does represent a comprehensive and systematic search  of  the
literature and subsequent selection of citations that pertain to  health  and
the environment.  The limits of the search are fully described in this
document and its appendices.

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                                 Introduction
1.    The Search

      This bibliography is a compilation of citations retrieved during a
thorough review of the national and international literature on bromoethylene
(Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 593-60-2) cited between  1930 and
April 1980.

      The supporting search was performed at the request of the Assessment
Division/Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch by the Management Support
Division/Information Support Services Branch, within the Office of Toxic
Substances.

1.1.  Scope

      To insure that the search was comprehensive, a variety of sources were
examined, including the following:

      o  On-line databases from major vendors of bibliographic information.

      o  On-line databases from various agencies of the United States
         Government.

      o  Manually searched national and international indices and abstract
         collections of scientific literature.

      o  Reference sections of major review articles, criteria documents,
         monographs, and reports.

      o  Selected handbooks.

      (A complete listing of sources consulted can be found in Appendices I
and II).

      The emphasis of this bibliography is on the primary literature except
for the handbook information presented in Section II and a few secondary
sources selected because they contain unique or we11-summarized information on
the chemical.

      Subsequent to the main search, which was completed in April 1980, and
using the same strategy, update searches were performed during the period from
April 1980 to May 1981 on all the on-line databases initially searched.  In
addition, the April 1981 and May 1981 issues of Current Contents (Life
Sciences, Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences series) were
screened to retrieve citations which may not have been entered into  the
on-line files at the time of the final update searches.
                                      11

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      Because the overall requirement of the search request for this project.
was broader than the health and environmental aspects of the chemical, a wider
range of databases was searched than might normally be expected for this
bibliography.  However, only health and environmental aspects were selected
regardless of the data source examined.  The total complement of databases
searched is listed in the appendices for the user's reference.

1.2.  Strategy                                                     '"'

      The search requirement demanded high recall of information dealing with
bromoethylene; precision was a secondary consideration.  EPA decided to
retrieve all citations that contained the term bromoethylene or its synonyms
in any searchable fields and to select relevant citations by a manual screen.
The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS RN) and systematic names
and synonyms that could be identified from CHEMLINE (National Library of
Medicine); CHEMDEX (System Development Corporation); CHEMNAME, CHEMSEARCH, and
CHEMSIS (Lockheed Information System); SANSS (NIH/EPA Chemical Information
System); and RTECS (NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances)
were used in the search on databases.  For on-line searching, the names were
divided into significant fragments and entered according to the conventions of
the individual databases.

      Chemical terms used in this search were as follows:

         CAS RN:  593-60-02
         ethylene, bromo- (8CI)
         ethene, bromo- (9CI)
         bromide, vinyl
         bromoethene
         bromoethylene
         NCI-C50373
         vinyl bromide

      No additional modifiers or keywords were used to limit information
retrieved in any database for this chemical because comprehensive retrieval
was desired.  Complete search strategies are listed in Appendix II.

      Use/application categories were not used as search terms because EPA
decided to select only terms that specifically mentioned the chemical or its
synonyms.  Indexing policy, keyword entry, and abstracting techniques usually
assure retrieval of specific information on individual chemicals if they are
discussed significantly in general articles or reviews.  The user can be
assured, therefore, that each citation listed in this bibliography contains
substantive information on the subject chemical.
                                      111

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      Manual sources, indices, and abstract collections usually employ their
own unique indexing schemes for chemical information, so it is difficult to
describe a standard search strategy for these information tools.  However, in
all cases, the most specific indexing terms available in the source were used
to identify citations on the subject chemical.

1.3.  Selection of Citations

      Citations were selected for inclusion in this bibliography based on
their relevance to the following topics:

      o  Toxicity — Adverse and toxic effects on any biological systems,
         structural and functional changes in organs and tissues of all
         vertebrate and invertebrate species, test methods used for
         determination of toxicity, and bioassay studies.

      o  Physiology — Absorption, distribution, transport, metabolism, and
         elimination in all species; techniques for measurement of tissue and
         organ residues; interactions with endogenous substances.

      o  Epidemiology — Exposure data, morbidity, and mortality rates for
         general and occupational populations.

      o  Environmental Significance — Environmental distribution in air,
         soil, and water; sources of pollution; ecological effects on
         microorganisms, insects, plants, and wildlife; biodegradation and
         bioconcentration; analytical techniques for sampling and measurement
         in the environment.

      o  Safety, Control, and Regulations — Disposal hazards; Federal, local,
         and international controls, recommendations, and regulations.

      These are the broad specifications for inclusion in this bibliography.
Because any literature selection process involves subjectivity and judgement,
precise definitions are difficult.  The general guiding requirement for
inclusion is that citations must pertain to the biological or environmental
aspects of the chemical.

      The following information is not included in this bibliography:

         news items; brief announcements and Federal Register notices; reports
         of on-going research which have not yet been published or any other
         unpublished information; draft reports; and private communications.
                                      IV

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2.    Organization of Bibliography

      This bibliography is organized into three major sections.

2.1.  Section Titles

         Section I   — Handbook information
         Section II  — Citations from the primary literature
         Section III — Appendices listing specific sources used and exact
         search strategies employed

2.2.  Citation Format

      In Section II citations from on-line and manually searched abstract
collections are arranged alphabetically by author.

      Personal names are entered with the last name first followed by the
first two initials.  Second and third authors' names are separated from the
first author and each other by a semicolon.  Up to three personal names are
used; if there are more than three authors, the remaining are listed as
"et al."

      If an author has written more than one article, citations are arranged
in ascending chronological order.  If authors and date are identical,
citations are arranged alphabetically by title of the article.  Single author
entries are listed first, followed by two, then three author entries.

      Patents are arranged alphabetically by assignee name.

      All government publications are listed by the sponsoring government
agency.  Government or corporate names are written in full form.  No acronyms
are used.  The country of origin is listed first, followed by the
organizational hierarchy of the sponsoring group listed in descending
hierarchical order.  If the performing organization or individual author is
known, they are listed on separate lines below the government sponsor.

         Example:  NIOSH publication:

         United States.  Department of Health, Education and Welfare.  Public
         Health Service.  Center for Disease Control.  National Institute for
         Occupational Safety and Health
         Tracor Jitco, Inc.
         Brown, R.A.; Smith S.S.

      Corporate documents with no specific author are listed in alphabetical
order according to the first significant word of the organization name.

         e.g., DuPont de Nemours, E.I. and Company

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2.3.  Literature Cited

      The following kinds of literature are cited in this bibliography:
journal articles, government reports, patents, organization and corporate
reports, books, manufacturer's literature, conference proceedings, and
dissertations.

      In each case an attempt has been made to supply the user with enough
information so that the hard copy of the document may be easily obtained.

      Journal titles are abbreviated according to the style in the Chemical
Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), The American Chemical Society,
Columbus, OH, 1980 and its corresponding guide, Bibliographic Guide for
Editors and Authors, The American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.

      All foreign titles have been translated into English.  Foreign language
articles are indicated by the appropriate three letter language abbreviation
in parentheses at the end of the source information.

2.4.  Categorization of Citations

      In order to make this bibliography a more useful tool for separate user
groups, most citations are marked with the category code E or H.

         E = Environmental Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document
         pertains to the chemical in the open environment:  its distribution,
         degradation, environmental chemistry and analysis; effect on
         ecosystems; effect on flora and fauna, including laboratory research,
         when emphasis is on environmental considerations rather than
         prediction of human effects, environmental chemistry, and analysis.

         H = Health Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document concerns
         known health effects, predictive laboratory research, and animal
         studies as relates to human health effects, human exposure, and
         epidemiological studies.

      A decision was made based on the abstract, and in some cases the entire
document, to categorize according to what appeared to be the major purpose of
the study.  In a few cases neither category applies.  Those citations were
left unclassified.
                                      VI

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 HANDBOOK




    AND




 DATABANK




INFORMATION

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3.    Handbook and Databank Information
3.1.  Summary Databanks for Health Effects Data          (Information found)

United States.  Department of Health and Human
Services. .Public Health Service.  Center for Disease           yes
Control.  National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1980
United States.  Department of Health and Human
Services.  Public Health Service.  National
Institutes of Health. National Library of Medicine              yes
Toxicology Data Bank.
Bethesda, MD  1980

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3.2.  Handbooks Searched for Health Effects
Source

Browning, E.
Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents.
New York:  Elsevier Publishing Co.,  1963
                                                        Location of Information
                                                                None
Browning, E.
Toxicity of Industrial Metals.
New York:  Appleton-Century-Crofts,  1969
                                                                None
Dittmer, D.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. - Fungicides.
Philadelphia:  W. B. Saunders Company, 1959
                                                               None
Fishbein, L.
Potenial Industrial Carcinogens and Mutagens.
New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.,  1979
                                                                pp. 493-4
Fishbein, L.; Flamm, W.G.; Falk, H.L.
Chemical Mutagens.
New York:  Academic Press, 1970
                                                                None
Goodman, L.S.; Oilman, A., Editors
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,  1975
                                                                None
Patty, F.A., Editor
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
New York:  Interscience Publishers, 1963
                                                                None
Plunkett, E.R.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
New York:  Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976
                                                                None
Sax, N.I.
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
New York:  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979
                                                                None
Searle, C.E., Editor
Chemical Carcinogens.
Washington, DC:  American Chemical Society, 1976
                                                                None

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3.2.  Handbooks Searched for Health Effects  (cont'd)
Source

Shepard, T.H.
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.
Baltimore, MD:  The Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1976
                                                        Location of Information
                                                                None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. I. - Acute Toxicities.
Philadelphia:  W. B. Saunders Company, 1956
                                                                None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. II. - Antibiotics.
Philadelphia:  W.B. Saunders Company, 1957
                                                                None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. III. - Insecticides.
Philadelphia:  W.B. Saunders Company, 1959
                                                                None
Sunshine, I., Editor
CRC Handbook Series in Analytical Toxicology.
Boca Raton, FL:  CRC Press, Inc., 1979
                                                                None
United Nations.  International Agency for Research on
Cancer
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic
Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
Lyon, France:  IARC
                                                                Vol.  19,  367-72
United States.  Department of Health and Human
Services.  Public Health Service.  Center for
Disease Control.  National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Criteria Documents.  Occupational Exposure to Vinyl
Halides.
Cincinnati, OH:  NIOSH
                                                                Yes
United States.  Department of Health and Human
Services.  Public Health Service.  National Institutes
of Health.  National Cancer Institute
NCI Carcinogens Bioassay Reports.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service
                                                                None

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3.2.  Handbooks Searched for Health Effects  (cont'd)
Source                                                  Location of Information

United States.  Department of Health and Human                 None
Services.  Public Health Service.  National Institutes
of Health.  National Cancer Institute
Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity.
Bethesda, MD:  NCI, 1978


United States. Environmental Protection Agency                 Vol. 79,  pp.11-2
EPA Publications Bibliography.                                 Vol. 80,  p.32
Washington, DC, EPA

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3.3.  Handbooks Searched for Environmental Effects
Source

Applegate, V.C.; Ho we 11, J.H.; Hall, A.E.; et al.
Toxicity of 4,346 Chemicals to Larval Lampreys' and
Fishes:  Special Scientific Report.
Fisheries No. 207, Washington, DC, 1957
Location of Information
        None
McKee, J.E.; Wolf, H.W., Editors
Water Quality Criteria, 2nd Edition.
California State Water Resources Control Board, 1963
        None
Ryckman, D.W.; Prabhakara Rao, A.V.S.; Buzzel, J.C.
Behavior of Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic
Environment.
Washington, DC: Manufacturing Chemists' Association,
1966
        None
United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected Chemicals.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
        None
United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
        None
Verschueren, K.
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
New York:  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
        None

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3.4.  Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties
Source

Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
Aldrich Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. 1981-2.
Milwaukee, WI:  Aldrich Chemical Co., 1980
Location of Information
        p. 954
Bennet, H., Editor
Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary.
New York:  Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1974
        p. 1106
Dreisback, R.R.
Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1959
        p. 406
Grasselli, J.G.; Ritchey, W.M., Editors
CRC Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants
for Organic Compounds.
Boca Raton, FL:  CRC Press, 1975
        Vol. 3, p. 279
Grayson, M., Editor
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
New York:  Interscience Publishers, 1979
        None
Hawley, G.G.
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
New York:  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
        p. 916
Kortum, G.; Vogel, W.
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous
Solution.
London:  Butterworths, 1961
        None
Leo, A.; Hansch, C.; Elkins, D.
Chemical Reviews.
Claremont, CA: Department of Chemistry, Pomona
College, 1971
        None
Linke, W.F.
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds.
New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Vol. I. 1958, Vol. II. 1965
        None

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3.4.  Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties   (cont'd)
Source

Mark, H.F.; Gaylord, N.G.; Bikales,  N.M.,  Editors
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and  Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1964
Location of Information

        Vol. 3,p. 800-1
        Vol. 14, 273-7
Perry, R.H.; Chilton, C.H., Editors
Chemical Engineers Handbook.
New York:  McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973
        None
Pollock, J.R.; Stevens, R., Editors
Dictionary of Organic Compounds.
London:  Eyre and Spottiswoode Publishers, Ltd., 1965
        p. 916
Stephen, H.; Stephen, T.; Editors
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds,
New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1963
        None
Weast, R.C., Editor
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Boca Raton, FL:  CRC Press, 1979
        p. C-292
Windholz, M., Editor
The Merck Index.
Rahway, NJ:  Merck and Co., Inc., 1976
        None

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 CITATIONS




 FROM THE




LITERATURE

-------
    Abdel-Kade, M.H.K.; Peach, M.E.; Ragab, M.H.T.; et al.
    The Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated
    Fumigants As Ammonium Halides and Their Subsequent Determination
    by MEGA.
    Anal. Lett., 12(A13):1399-1410 (1979)

    Abreu, B.E.; Emerson, 6.A.
H   Difference in Organic Bromide Content of Liver after Anesthesia
    with Saturated and Unsaturated Brominated Hydrocarbons.
    Calif. Pub. Pharmacol., 1:313-9 (1940)

    American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
H   Threshold Limit Values for Vinyl Bromide.
    In:  TLVs Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and
    Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment with Intended
    Changes for 1979, pp. 30, 38

    Anderson, M.E.
H   A General Physiologically Based Pharmaco-Kinetic Model for the
    Metabolism of Inhaled Gases and Vapors.
    Symposium:  2nd International Congress on Toxicology.  Brussels,
    Belgium, Jul. 6-11, 1980.
    Toxicol. Letters (Amst.), 0(1):87 (1980)

    Anderson, M.E.; Gargas, M.L.; Jones, R.A.; et al.
H   Determination of the Kinetic Constants for Metabolism of Inhaled
    Toxicants In Vivo Using Gas Uptake Measurements.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 54(1):100-16 (1980)

    Bahlman, L.J.; Alexander, V.; Infante, P.F.; et al.
H   Vinyl Halides;  Carcinogenicity.  Vinyl Bromide, Vinyl Chloride,
    and Vinylidine Chloride.
    Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 40(4):A30, A32, A34 (Apr. 1979)

    Barbin, A.; Bresil, H.; Croisy, A.; et al.
H   Liver Microsome-mediated Formation of Alkylating Agents from
    Vinyl Bromide and Vinyl Chloride.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 67(2):596-603 (1975)

    Barbin, A.; Planche, G.; Croisy, A.; et al.
H   Detection of Electrophilic Metabolites of Halogenated Olefins
    with 4,4 Nitrobenzyl Pyridine or with Salmonella typhimurium.
    Mutat. Res., 53(2):150 (1978)

    Bartsch, H.
H   Mutagenicity Tests in Chemical Careinogenesis.
    IARC Sci. Publ., 13:229-40 (1976)

-------
    Bartsch, H.
H   Predictive Value of Mutagenicity Tests in Chemical
    Carcinogenesis.
    Mutat. Res., 38(3):177-90 (1976)

    Bartsch, H.; Montesano, R.
H   Prescreening of Environmental and Industrial Chemicals in a
    Series of Short-Term Tests for the Detection of Potential
    Carcinogens.
    Comm. Eur. Communities (Rep.) EUR Environ. Res. Programme, pp.
    269-73 (1980)

    Bartsch, H.; Malaveille, A.; Barbin, G.j et al.
H   Alkylating and Mutagenic Metabolites of Halogenated Olefins
    Produced by Human and Animal Tissues.
    Proceedings:  67th Meeting of the American Association for
    Cancer Research Proceedings.
    AACR Abstracts, 17:17 (1976)

    Bartsch, H.; Malaveille, A.; Barbin, G.; et al.
H   Mutagenic and Alkylating Metabolites of Haloethylenes,
    Chlorobutadienes, and Dichlorobutadienes Produced by Rodent or
    Cytochrome P-450 Linked Microsomal Monooxygenases.
    Arch. Toxicol., 41(4):249-78 (1979)

    Bingham, E.; Lane, J.M.
    Vinyl Halides - Carcinogenicity.
    Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 22(l):31-3 (1980)

    Bolt, H.M.; Filser, J.G.; Hinderer, R.K.
H   Rat Liver Microsomal Uptake and Irreversible Protein Binding of
    (l,2-14C)-Vinyl Bromide.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44(3):481-9 (1978)

    Bolt, H.M.; Laib, R.J.; Stockle, G.
H   Formation of Pre-Neoplastic Hepatocellular Foci by Vinyl Bromide
    in Newborn Rats.
    Arch. Toxicol., 43(l):83-4 (Oct. 1979)

    Bolt, H.M.; Filser, J.G.; Laib, R.J.; et al.
H   Binding Kinetics of Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Bromide at Very Low
    Doses.
    Arch. Toxicol., 45(Suppl. 3):129-42 (1980)

    Burditt, A.K.; Hinman, F.G.; Balock, J.W.
E   Screening of Fumigants for Toxicity to Eggs and Larvae of the
    Oriental Fruit Fly.
    J. Econ. Entomol., 56(3):261 (1963)
                                 10

-------
    Busey, W.; Ulrich, C.; Durato, M.
H   The Inhalation Careinogenesis of Vinyl Bromide.
    Proceedings:  19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology.
    Washington, DC, Mar. 9-13, 1980.  Paper No. 224 in Abstract
    Booklet, Mar. 1980

    Cohen, J.L.; Lee, W.; Lien, E.J.
H   Dependence of Toxicity on Molecular Structure.  Group Theory
    Analysis.
    J. Pharm. Sci., 63(7):1068-72 (1974)

    Conolly, R.B.
H   Acute Hepatoxocity of Ethylene, Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Chloride,
    and Vinyl Bromide after Aroclor R1254 Pretreatment.
    Proceedings:  16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology.
    Toronto, Canada, Mar. 27-30, 1977.

   .Conolly, R.B.; Jaeger, R.J.
H   Acute Hepatoxicity of Ethylene and Halogenated Ethylene3 after
    PCS Pretreatment.
    Environ. Health Perspect., 21:131-5 (1977)

    Conolly, R.B.; Jaeger, R.J.; Szabo, S.
H   Acute Hepatoxicity of Ethylene Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Chloride,
    and Vinyl Bromide after Aroclor 1254 Pretreatment.
    Exp. Mol. Pathol., 28(l):25-33 (1978)

    DeCarlo, V.J.
E   Studies on Brominated Chemicals in the Environment.
    Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 320:678-81 (1979)

    Dodds, J.H.; Heslop-Harrison, J.S.; Hall, M.A.
E   Metabolism of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide by Cell-free
    Preparations from Vicia faba L. Cotyledons;  Effects of
    Structural Analogs and of Inhibitors.
    Plant Sci. Lett., 19(2):175-80 (1980)

    Drew, R.T.
H   Effects of Vinyl Bromide Exposure in Rats Pretreated with
    Phenobarbital or Diethylmaleate.
    Proceedings:  15th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology.
    Atlanta, GA,  Mar. 14-18, 1976

    Drew, R.T.; Patel, J.M.; Van Stee, E.W.
H   The Effects of Vinyl Bromide Exposure in Rats Pretreated with
    Phenobarbital or Diethylmaleate.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 37(1):176-7 (1976)

    Filser, J.G.; Bolt, H.M.
H   Pharmacokinetics of Halogenated Ethylenes.
    Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol., 302 Suppl. (85) (1978)
                                 11

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    Filser, J.G.; Bolt, H.M.
H   Pharmacokinetics of Halogenated Ethylenes in Rats.
    Arch. Toxicol., 42(2):123-36 (1979)

    Gamache, A.; Herman, J.A.
    Radiolysis of Vinyl Bromide.  Decomposition Products.
    J. Chim. Phys. Physicochim. Biol., 70(3):437-42 (1973)

    Hasanen, E.; Soininen, V.; Pyysalo, H; et al.
E   The Occurrence of Aliphatic Chlorine and Bromine Compounds in
    Automobile Exhaust.
    Atmos. Environ., 13(8):1217-20 (1979)

    Hilborn, J.C.; Findlay, W.J.; Quickert, N.
    The Application of Chemiluminescence to the Measurement of
    Reactive Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air.
    Proceedings:  International Conference of Environmental Sensing
    Assessment, 2:21 (1976)

    Huie, R.E.; Herron, J.T.; Davis, D.D.
    Rates of Reaction of Atomic Oxygen with Monofluoroethylene,
    Monochloroethylene, Monobromoethylene, 1,1-Difluoroethylene, and
    1,2-Difluoroethylene.
    Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 4(5):521-7 (1972)

    Huntington Research Center
H   Oncogenic Potential of Vinyl Bromide during Chronic Inhalation
    Exposure, 18-month Sacrifice, Pathology Report.
    Huntington Research Center Project 751-253 (Jun. 26, 1978)

    Jolles, Z.E.
    Vinyl Bromide.
    In:  Bromine and Its Compounds.  New York:  Academic Press, 1966

    Rappus, H.; Albrecht, D.
H   Different Inducing Activity on Lipid Peroxidation in Hepatic
    Microsomes and Isolated Hepatocytes of Rats by Some Structurally
    Related Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
    Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharm., 297/Suppl. 2 (61) (1977)

    Krantz, J.C. Jr.; Carr, C.J.; Forman, S.; et al.
H   The Effect of Brominated Ethylenes on the Perfused Leg Vessels
    of the Frog.
    Arch. Intern. Pharmacodynamie, 55:362-4 (1937)

    Laib, R.J.; Ottenwaelder, H.
H   Alkylation of DNA and RNA by Metabolites of Vinyl Chloride and
    Vinyl Bromide.
    Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol., 302/Suppl. (1978)
                                 12

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    Leblanc, R.M.; Herman, J.A.
    Values for Gases and Organic Vapors Determined by the Saturation
    Current Method.
    J. Chim. Phys., 63(7-8):1055-60 (1966)

    Lee, F.S.C.; Rowland, F.S.
E   Competitive Radiotracer Evaluation of Relative Rate Constanta at
    Stratospheric Temperatures for Reactions of Chlorine-38 with
    Methane and Ethane vs. Bromoethylene.
    J. Phys. Chem., 81(l):86-7 (1977)

    Leong, B.K.J.; Torkelson, T.R.
H   Effects of Chronic Inhalation of Vinyl Bromide in Laboratory
    Animals.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 12(2):298 (1968)

    Leong, B.K.J.; Torkelson, T.R.
H   Effects of Repeated Inhalation of Vinyl Bromide in Laboratory
    Animals with Recommendations for Industrial Handling.
    Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,  31:1-11 (Jan. - Feb. 1970)

    Lohr, W.; Jochims, H.W.;  Baumgaertel, H.
E   Photoreactions of Small Organic Molecules.  IV.  Absorption
    Spectra, Photoion, and Resonance Photoelectron Spectra of Vinyl
    Bromide.
    Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 79(10):901-6 (1975) (Ger)

    Lutz, W.K.
H   In Vivo Covalent Binding of Organic Chemicals to DNA As a
    Quantitative Indicator in the Process of Chemical Carcinogenesis.
    Mutat. Res., 65(4):289-356 (1979)

    Oser, J.L.
H   Extent of Industrial Exposure to EPI Chlorohydrin Vinyl
    Fluoride, Vinyl Bromide,  and Ethylenedibromide.
    Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,  41(7):463-8 (1980)

    Ottenwalder, H.
H   Disposition and Metabolic Activation of Vinyl Bromide in Rats.
    Proceedings:  7th International Congress of Pharmacology.
    Paris, France, Jul. 16-21, 1978 (Publ. 1978)

    Ottenwaelder, H.; Bolt, H.M.
H   Metabolic Activation of Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Bromide by
    Isolated Hepatocytes and Hepatic Sinusoidal Cells.
    J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 4(l):411-8 (1980)

    Ottenwalder, H.; Loib, R.J.; Bolt, H.M.
H   Alkylation of RNA by Vinyl Bromide Metabolites In Vitro and In
    Vivo.
    Arch. Toxicol., 41(4):279-86 (1979)
                                 13

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    Posner, H.S.; Falk, H.L.
H   Haloethylene-related Compounds of Industrial, Environmental, and
    Medical Significance.
    Environ. Health Perspect., (21):293-326 (1977)

    Quinot, E.; Moncelon, B.; Millard, M.
H   Toxic Substances in the Air. Determination Method for
    Calculation of Exposure Limit Value.
    Can. Notes Doc., 93:547-65 (1978)

    Rampy, L.W.; Quast, J.F.; Humiston, C.6.; et al.
H   Interim Results of Two Year Toxicological Studies in Rats of
    Vinylidene Chloride Incorporated in the Drinking Water or
    Administered by Repeated Inhalation.
    Environ. Health Perspect., 21:33-43 (1977)

    Russell, J.W.
E   Analysis of Air Pollutants Using Sampling Tubes and Gas
    Chromatography.
    Environ. Sci. Technol., 9(13):1175-8 (1975)

    United Nations.  World Health Organization.  International
    Agency for Research on Cancer.
H   Carcinogenesic Bioassay of Vinyl Bromide.
    IARC Monographs 19:374 (Feb. 1979)

    United Nations.  World Health Organization.  International
    Agency for Research on Cancer
H   Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of
    Chemicals to Humans.  Vol. 19.
    Proceedings:  Some Monomers, Plastics, and Synthetic Elastomers
    and Acrolein.  Lyon, France, Feb. 7-13, 1978, 513 pp. (1979)

    United Nations.  World Health Organization.  International
    Agency for Research on Cancer
H   Vinyl Bromide.
    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of
    Chemicals to Humans, 19:367-75 (Feb. 1979)

    United States.  Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
    Public Health Service.  Center for Disease Control.  National
    Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H   Investigation of Agents Which Are Newly Suspected As
    Occupational Health Hazards.  Phase One Report;  Vinyl Halides
    (Vinyl Fluoride and Vinyl Bromide).
    NIOSH Contract #210-75-0064 (Jun. 25, 1976)
                                 14

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    United States.  Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
    Public Health Service.  Center for Disease Control.  National
    Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    Bales, R.E.
H   Vinyl Fluoride and Vinyl Bromide.
    DHEW (NIOSH) Publication
    U.S. NTIS, PB80-190150, (79-111) 22 pp. (1978)

    United States.  Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
    Public Health Service.  Center for Disease Control.  National
    Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    Bales, R.E.
H   Vinyl Fluoride and Vinyl Bromide;  Industrial Hygiene Survey
    Report.
    Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigation, NIOSH;
    29 pp. (May 1978)

    United States.  Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
    Public Health Service.  Center for Disease Control.  National
    Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H   Vinyl Halides Carcinogenicity.
    Current Intelligence Bulletin 28, DHEW (NIOSH) Publ. No. 79-102,
    12 pp. (Sep. 21, 1978)

    United States.  Department of Labor.  Occupational Safety and
    Health Administration
H   General Industry Standards Regarding Exposure to Vinyl Bromide.
    NIOSH/OSHA Current Bulletin 28, OSHA Publ. No 2206, 29 CFR
    1910.1017 (Sep. 21, 1978)

    United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Pellizzari, E.D.; Zweidinger, R.A.; Erickson, M.D.
E   Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites;  Brominated
    Chemicals.  Part I.
    EPA Report No. 560/6-78/002
    U.S. NTIS, PB-286484, 325 pp. (1978)

    United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Pellizzari, E.D.; Zweidinger, R.A.; Erickson, M.D.
E   Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites;  Brominated
    Chemicals.  Part II;  Appendix.
    EPA Report No. 560/6-78/002A
    U.S. NTIS, PB-286483, 165 pp. (1978)

    United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Schairer, L.A.; Vanthof, J.; Hayes, C.G.
E   Measurement of Biological Activity of Ambient Air Mixtures Using
    a Mobile Laboratory for In-Situ Exposures;  Preliminary Results
    from the Transcantja Plant Test System.
    EPA Report No. 600/9-78-027, pp. 421-40 (1978)
                                                 OTS-TIC REPORT

                                 15

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United States.  Environmental Protection Agency
Pesticides and Toxic Substances; General Recordkeeping and
Reporting Requirement;  Preliminary Assessment Information.
Fed. Regist., 45(42):13646, 13663 (Feb. 29, 1980)

Van Stee, E.W.
Consequences of Vinyl Bromide Debromination in Rat.
Proceedings:  16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology,
Toronto, Canada, Mar. 27-30, 1977
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 41(1):175 (1977)
                             16

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APPENDICES

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                                  Appendix I

                    Abstract Collections Manually Searched

Source                                              Period of  Coverage

Chemical Abstracts*              -                  (1930-1976)

Biological Abstracts*                               (1930-1970)

Excerpta Medica*
    Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology,         (1965-1974)
      Toxicology
    Cancer                                          (1953-1974)
    Public Health, Social Medicine,  Hygiene         (1955-1974)
    Clinical Biochemistry                           (1969-1974)
    Pharmacology and Toxicology                     (1969-1974)
    Occupational Health                             (1972-1975)

Current Contents
    Life Sciences                                   (Oct.  1979-Mar.  1980)
                                                    (Apr.  1981-May 1981)
    Physical Sciences                               (Oct.  1979-Mar.  1980)
                                                    (Apr.  1981-May 1981)
    Agriculture                                     (Oct.  1979-Mar.  1980)
                                                    (Apr.  1981-May 1981)

Industrial Hygiene Digest                           (1937-Apr.  1980)

Index Medicus*                                      (1930-1976)

Toxicology Research Projects Directory              (Oct.  1979-Mar.  1980)


*Recent issues searched on-line.

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                                 Appendix  II

                          On-Line Databases Searched

                    National Library of Medicine (MEDLARS)

  File                                              Coverage Period of File

.+ indicates that the database is continually updated.

Chemline                                            N/A

Toxline                                             1974+

Toxback                                             1965-1973

Cancerlit                                           Jan. 1963+

Cancerproj                                          1976-1978

Medline                                             Jan. 1979+

Back 66                                             Jan. 1966-Dec. 1968

Back 69                                             Jan. 1969-Dec. 1971

Back 72                                             Jan. 1972-Dec. 1974

Back 75                                             Jan. 1975-Dec. 1976

Back 77                                             Jan. 1977-Dec. 1978

SDILINE                                             Present Month's Update

Toxicology Data Bank                                N/A

RTECS                                               1978 Edition
Search
(RN)
(TW)
(TW)
(TW)
Strategy
593-60-2 (in appropriate files)
bromoethylene
bromoethene
vinyl and bromide
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.

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                                  Appendix II

                      On-Line  Databases  Searched  (cont'd)

                         Department of Energy (RECON)

  File                                              Coverage Period of File

+ indicates that the database is continually updated.

Water Resources Abstracts                           1968+

Environmental Mutagen Information Center            1969+

Environmental Teratogen Information Center          1975+
Search Strategy
IT=   bromoethylene
RN=   593-60-2

Chemical Information System*

Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)
          (RN)  593-60-2
*Searched to obtain synonyms only


National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NIOSHTIC                                            1973+

+ indicates that the database is continually updated.

Search Strategy
bromoethylene
593-60-2

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  File
             Appendix II

 On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)

Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)

                               Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated
Agricola
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Biosis Previews
Chemical Abstracts Search
Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux Abstracts
Chemical Industry Notes
Chemname
Claims/Chem
Comprehensive  Dissertation Abstracts
Conference Papers Index
Current Research Information System
EIS Industrial Plants
Enviroline
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Excerpta Medica
Food Science & Technology Abstracts
GPO Monthly Catalog
National Technical Information Service
Oceanic Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
PTS Funk and Scott Indexes
PTS Federal Index
PTS Promt
PTS Annual Time Series
PTS US Statistical Abstracts
Rubber & Plastics Research Association Abstracts
SciSearch
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
Current Research Information System
Compendex
Inspec
Metadex
Pira
Claims /U.S. Patent
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/Class
                               Aug. 1971+
                               1976-Sep. 1978
                               Jan. 1975+
                               1969+
                               1970+
                               Jan. 1973+
                               1974+
                               N/A
                               1950-1970
                               1861+
                               1973+
                               Jul. 1974+
                               N/A
                               1971+
                               1973+
                               Jun. 1974+
                               1969+
                               Jul. 1973+
                               1964+
                               1964+
                               1970+
                               1972+
                               Oct. 1976+
                               1972+
                               Jul. 1971+
                               Jul. 1971+
                               1972+
                               Jan. 1974+
                               Most Recent 2 Yrs.
                               Jul. 1974+
                               1970+
                               1969+
                               1966+
                               1975+
                               Abstracts Weekly
                               1971 +
                               Oct. 1975+

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                                  Appendix II

                      On-Line  Databases  Searched  (cont'd)

                     Lockheed  Information Systems  (DIALOG)
Search Strategy                          Search Stragety
ethylene(w)bromo
ethene(w)bromo
bromide(w)vinyl
bromoethene
bromoethylene
bromo(w)ethene
bromo(w)ethylene
vinyl(w)bromide

RN 593-60-2 used in appropriate files

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                                  Appendix II

                      On-Line Databases Searched  (cont'd)

                    Systems Development Corporation (ORBIT)

Database                                            Coverage Period of File

+ indicates that the database is continually updated.

Apilit                                              1974+

Apipat                                              1964+

Chemdex                                             1972+

Crecord                                             1976+

Fedreg                                              Mar, 1977+

Libcon                                              1968+

Paperchem                                           1968+

P/E News                                            1975

Safety Science                                      Jun. 1975+

Titus                                               1970+

World Patent Index                                  1963+

Search Strategy
(RN)593-60-2  (in appropriate files)
bromoethylene
bromoethene
vinyl bromide

All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.

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