c/EPA
United Stales
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 560/731 -013
July 1981
Toxic Substances
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
Hexachloroethane
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature
ğ
1930 - 1981
-------
50272 -101
REPORT DOCUMENTATION ,.i._ REPORT NO.
PAGE
EPA 560/7-81-013
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Environmental and Health Aspects of
Hexachloroethane, A Comprehensive Bibliography of Published
Literature 1930-1981
s. Report Date Prepared
June 1981
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Rept. No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Tracer Jitco, Inc.
1776 East Jefferson Street
Rockvine, Maryland 20852
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Technical Directive 5
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
(C) 68-01-6016
(G)
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, Management Support Division, 401 M Street SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
Final Report
1930-1981
14.
IS. Supplementary Notes
1&. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
This document is a bibliography of published citations on health and
environmental aspects of Hexachloroethane (Chemical Abstacts Service
Registry Number 67-72-1) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations
have been selected from a thorough literature search, and broadly class-
ified as having primarily environmental or biological emphasis. The
sources used in the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on-line, the search strategies are also included.
17. Document Analysis a. Descriptor*
Bibliographies; Literature Surveys; Environments; Public Health; Pollution;
Toxicology.
b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Literature Search; Literature Review; Health Effects; Environmental
Effects; Hexachloroethane; 67-72-1
c. COSATI Field/Group
13. Availability Statement
Release unlimited
19. Security Class (This Report)
Unclassified
j 20. Security Class (This Page)
1 Unclassified
21. No. of Pages
22. Price
(SĞe ANSI-Z39.181
See Instructions on Reverse
OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Formerly NTIS-35)
Department of Commerce
-------
EPA Report No.560/7-81-013
July 1981
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH
ASPECTS OF HEXACHLOROETHANE
A Comprehensive Bibliography
of Published Literature
1930 - 1981
by
Management Support Division
Information Support Services Branch
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
68-06-5836
Project Officers
Michael Weaver, Delores Evans
Management Support Division
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20026
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Preface
This bibliography was created from a literature search performed under
the auspices of the Management Support Division, Information Support Services
Branch for the Assessment Division, Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch;
both of the Office of Toxic Substances. The search was intended to provide
partial support for the preparation of a Preliminary Risk Assessment on
hexachloroethane (67-72-1). This assessment reviews and evaluates the
available significant economic and adverse effects data from both published
and unpublished sources on a substance selected as being potentially hazardous
to human health or the environment.
The subject coverage of the assessment is broader than this bibliography
which includes only published environmental and biological information. The
bibliography does not include all information available to the review branch.
Although it is not an authoritative source list for Preliminary Risk
Assessments, it does represent a comprehensive and systematic search of the
literature and subsequent selection of citations that pertain to health and
the environment. The limits of the search are fully described in this
document and its appendices.
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Introduction
1. The Search
This bibliography is a compilation of citations retrieved during a
thorough review of the national and international literature on
hexachloroethane (Chemical Abstracts-Service Registry Number 67-72-1) cited
between 1930 and April 1980.
The supporting search was performed at the request of the Assessment
Division/Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch by the Management Support
Division/Information Support Services Branch, within the Office of Toxic
Substances.
1.1. Scope
To insure that the search was comprehensive, a variety of sources were
examined, including the following:
o On-line databases from major vendors of bibliographic information.
o On-line databases from various agencies of the United States
Government.
o Manually searched national and international indices and abstract
collections of scientific literature.
o Reference sections of major review articles, criteria documents,
monographs, and reports.
o Selected handbooks.
(A complete listing of sources consulted can be found in Appendices I
and II).
The emphasis of this bibliography is on the primary literature except
for the handbook information presented in Section II and a few secondary
sources selected because they contain unique or well-summarized information on
the chemical.
Subsequent to the main search, which was completed in April 1980, and
using the same strategy, update searches were performed during the period from
April 1980 to May 1981 on all the on-line databases initially searched. In
addition, the April 1981 and May 1981 issues of Current Contents (Life
Sciences, Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences series) were
screened to retrieve citations which may not have been entered into the
on-line files at the time of the final update searches.
11
-------
Because the overall requirement of the search request for this project
was broader than the health and environmental aspects of the chemical, a wider
range of databases was searched than might normally be expected for this
bibliography. However, only health and environmental aspects were selected
regardless of the data source examined. The total complement of databases
searched is listed in the appendices for the user's reference.
1.2. Strategy
The search requirement demanded high recall of information dealing with
hexachloroethane; precision was a secondary consideration. EPA decided to
retrieve all citations that contained the term hexachloroethane or its
synonyms in any searchable fields and to select relevant citations by a manual
screen. The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS RN) and systematic
names and synonyms that could be identified from CHEMLINE (National Library of
Medicine); CHEMDEX (System Development Corporation); CHEMNAME, CHEMSEARCH, and
CHEMSIS (Lockheed Information System); SANSS (NIH/EPA Chemical Information
System); and RTECS (NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances)
were used in the search on databases. For on-line searching, the names were
divided into significant fragments and entered according to the conventions of
the individual databases.
Chemical terms used in this search were as follows:
CAS RN: 67-72-1
Ethane, hexachloro- (SCI, 9CI)
Avlothane
Carbon Hexachloride
Distokal
Distopan
Egitol
Ethane, Hexachloride
Ethylene, Hexachloride
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlo-aethan
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethylene
Mottenhexe
NCI-C04604
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
No additional modifiers or keywords were used to limit information
retrieved in any database for this chemical because comprehensive retrieval
was desired. Complete search strategies are listed in Appendix II.
L1L
-------
Use/application categories were not used as search terms because EPA
decided to select only terms that specifically mentioned the chemical or its
synonyms. Indexing policy, keyword entry, and abstracting techniques usually
assure retrieval of specific information on individual chemicals if they are
discussed significantly in general articles or reviews. The user can be
assured, therefore, that each citation listed in this bibliography contains
substantive information on the subject chemical.
Manual sources, indices, and abstract collections usually employ their
own unique indexing schemes for chemical information, so it is difficult to
describe a standard search strategy for these information tools. However, in
all cases, the most specific indexing terms available in the source were used
to identify citations on the subject chemical.
1.3. Selection of Citations
Citations were selected for inclusion in this bibliography based on
their relevance to the following topics:
o Toxicity Adverse and toxic effects on any biological systems,
structural and functional changes in organs and tissues of all
vertebrate and invertebrate species, test methods used for
determination of toxicity, and bioassay studies.
o Physiology Absorption, distribution, transport, metabolism, and
elimination in all species; techniques for measurement of tissue and
organ residues; interactions with endogenous substances.
o Epidemiology Exposure data, morbidity, and mortality rates for
general and occupational populations.
o Environmental Significance Environmental distribution in air,
soil, and water; sources of pollution; ecological effects on
microorganisms, insects, plants, and wildlife; biodegradation and
bioconcentration; analytical techniques for sampling and measurement
in the environment.
p Safety, Control, and Regulations Disposal hazards; Federal, local,
and international controls, recommendations, and regulations.
These are the broad specifications for inclusion in this bibliography.
Because any literature selection process involves subjectivity and judgement,
precise definitions are difficult. The general guiding requirement for
inclusion is that citations must pertain to the biological or environmental
aspects of the chemical.
The following information is not included in this bibliography:
news items; brief announcements and Federal Register notices; reports
of on-going research which have not yet been published or any other
unpublished information; draft reports; and private communications.
-------
2. Organization of Bibliography
This bibliography is organized into three major sections.
2.1. Section Titles
Section I Handbook information
Section II Citations from the primary literature
Section III Appendices listing specific sources used and exact
search strategies employed
2.2. Citation Format
In Section II citations from on-line and manually searched abstract
collections are arranged alphabetically by author.
Personal names are entered with the last name first followed by. the
first two initials. Second and third authors' names are separated from the
first author and each other by a semicolon. Up to three personal names are
used; if there are more than three authors, the remaining are listed as
"et al."
If an author has written more than one article, citations are arranged
in ascending chronological order. If authors and date are identical,
citations are arranged alphabetically by title of the article. Single author
entries are listed first, followed by two, then three author entries.
Patents are arranged alphabetically by assignee name.
All government publications are listed by the sponsoring government
agency. Government or corporate names are written in full form. No acronyms
are used. The country of origin is listed first, followed by the
organizational hierarchy of the sponsoring group listed in descending
hierarchical order. If the performing organization or individual author is
known, they are listed on separate lines below the government sponsor.
Example: NIOSH publication:
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public
Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
Tracer Jitco, Inc.
Brown, R.A.; Smith S.S.
Corporate documents with no specific author are listed in alphabetical
order according to the first significant word of the organization name.
e.g., DuPont de Nemours, E.I. and Company
-------
2.3. Literature Cited
The following kinds of literature are cited in this bibliography:
journal articles, government reports, patents, organization and corporate
reports, books, manufacturer's literature, conference proceedings, and
dissertations.
In each case an attempt has been made to supply the user with enough
information so that the hard copy of the document may be easily obtained.
Journal titles are abbreviated according to the style in the Chemical
Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), The American Chemical Society,
Columbus, OH, 1980 and its corresponding guide, Bibliographic Guide for
Editors and Authors, The American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.
All foreign titles have been translated into English. Foreign language
articles are indicated by the appropriate three letter language abbreviation
in parentheses at the end of the source information.
2.4. Categorization of Citations
In order to make this bibliography a more useful tool for separate user
groups, most citations are marked with the category code E or H.
E = Environmental Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document
pertains to the chemical in the open environment: its distribution,
degradation, environmental chemistry and analysis; effect on
ecosystems; effect on flora and fauna, including laboratory research,
when emphasis is on environmental considerations rather than
prediction of human effects, environmental chemistry, and analysis.
H = Health Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document concerns
known health effects, predictive laboratory research, and animal
studies as relates to human health effects, human exposure, and
epidemiological studies.
A decision was made based on the abstract, and in some cases the entire
document, to categorize according to what appeared to be the major purpose of
the study. In a few cases neither category applies. Those citations were
left unclassified.
VI
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HANDBOOK
AND
DATABANK
INFORMATION
-------
3. Handbook and Databank Information
3.1. Summary Databanks for Health Effects Data (information found)
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease yes
Control. National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1980
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National
Institutes of Health. National Library of Medicine yes
Toxicology Data Bank.
Bethesda, MD 1980
-------
3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects
Source
Browning, E.
Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents.
New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1963
Location of Information
None
Browning, E.
Toxicity of Industrial Metals.
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969
None
Dittmer, D.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. - Fungicides.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1959
None
Dreisbach, R.H.
Handbook of Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publications, 1974
p. 142-3
Fishbein, L.
Potenial Industrial Carcinogens and Mutagens.
New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1979
pp. 224
Fishbein, L.; Flamm, W.G.; Falk, H.L.
Chemical Mutagens.
New York: Academic Press, 1970
None
Goodman, L.S.; Oilman, A., Editors
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975
None
Gosselin, R.E.; Hodge, S.C.; Smith, R.P.; et al.
Clinical Toxicology of Commerical Products.
Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1976
p. 112
International Technical Information Institute
Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety
Manual.
Tokyo: ITII, 1975
pp. 664-5
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3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source
Patty, F.A., Editor
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963
Location of Information
pp. 1297-9
Plunkett, E.R.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976
pp. 206-7
Sax, N.I.
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979
p. 718
Searle, C.E., Editor
Chemical Carcinogens.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1976
None
Shepard, T.H.
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.
Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1976
None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. I. - Acute Toxicities.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1956
p. 156
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. II. - Antibiotics.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1957
None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. III. - Insecticides.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1959
pp. 377
Steere, N.V.
CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
pp. 696-7
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3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source
Sunshine, I., Editor
CRC Handbook Series in Analytical Toxicology.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1979
Location of Information
pp. 632-3
United Nations. International Agency for Research on
Cancer
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic
Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Vol. 20.
Lyon, France: IARC
pp. 467-74
United Nations. International Labour Office
Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1972
pp. 689-91
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for
Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Criteria Documents.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH
None
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes
of Health. National Cancer Institute
NCI Carcinogens Bioassay Reports.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service
Entire document
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease
Control. National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
Current Intelligence Bulletin 27: Chloroethanes:
Review of Toxicity. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 24 pp.,
Aug. 21, 1978
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes
of Health. National Cancer Institute
Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity.
Bethesda, MD: NCI, 1978
Yes
None
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3.2.
Health Effects (cont'd)
Handbooks Searched for
Source
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Publications Bibliography.
Washington, DC, EPA
Location of Information
78(3):69
79(4):26
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3.3. Handbooks Searched for Environmental Effects
Source
Applegate, V.C.; Howell, J.H.; Hall, A.E.; et al.
Toxicity of 4,346 Chemicals to Larval Lampreys' and
Fishes: Special Scientific Report.
Fisheries No. 207, Washington, DC, 1957
Location of Information
p. 367
McKee, J.E.; Wolf, H.W., Editors
Water Quality Criteria, 2nd Edition.
California State Water Resources Control Board, 1963
None
Ryckman, D.W.; Prabhakara Rao, A.V.S.; Buzzel, J.C.
Behavior of Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic
Environment.
Washington, DC: Manufacturing Chemists' Association,
1966
None
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected Chemicals,
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
None
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
Chap. 48,
Verschueren, K.
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
pp. 366-7
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties
Source
Information
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
Aldrich Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. 1981-2.
Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Co., 1980
Location of
p. 471
Bennet, H., Editor
Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary.
New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1974
p. 538
Dreisback, R.R.
Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1959
None
Grasselli, J.G.; Ritchey, W.M., Editors
CRC Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants
for Organic Compounds.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1975
Vol. Ill,
p. 256
Grayson, M., Editor
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1979
5:405-7,
737-9,
747, 756
Hawley, G.G.
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
p. 437
Kortum, G.; Vogel, W.
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous
Solution.
London: Butterworths, 1961
None
Leo, A.; Hansch, C.; Elkins, D.
Chemical Reviews.
Claremont, CA: Department of Chemistry, Pomona
College, 1971
None
Linke, W.F.
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds.
New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Vol. I. 1958, Vol. II. 1965
None
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties (cont'd)
Source Location of Information
Mark, H.F.; Gaylord, N.G.; Bikales, N.M., Editors None
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1964
Perry, R.H.; Chilton, C.H., Editors Part 3, p. 56
Chemical Engineers Handbook.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973
Pollock, J.R.; Stevens, R., Editors p. 1589
Dictionary of Organic Compounds.
London: Eyre and Spottiswoode Publishers, Ltd., 1965
Stephen, H.; Stephen, T.; Editors None
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds.
New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963
Weast, R.C., Editor p. C-293
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1979
Windholz, M., Editor 612
The Merck Index.
Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1976
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CITATIONS
FROM THE
LITERATURE
-------
Akuginova, Z.D.
H Experimental Study of Combinations of Bithionol with Other
Antitrematode Drugs.
Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezn., 40(2):182-5 (1971)
Ail-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Chemical
Industry, Sverdlovsk
Asanova, N. A.; Vorontsova, L. A.; Chikisheva, L. A.
H Deodorant.
U.S.S.R., Patent No. 501759
Feb. 5, 1976
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
H TLV's Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in Workroom
Air. Adopted by the American Conference of Government
Industrial Hygienists for 1973.
J. Occup. Med., 16(l):39-49 (Jan. 1974)
Anon.
H Air Contaminants.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part
1910.1000 (1977)
Anon.
H Hexachloroethane.
JAMA, 125:526 (Jun. 17, 1944)
Ascher, K.R.S.; Levinson, Z.H.; Silverman, P.H.; et al.
E Chemicals Affecting the Preimaginal Stages of Housefly. II.
The Perchloroparafins.
Rivista Parasitol., 15:45-55 (1954)
Babadzhanov, S.N.; Yakhonotov, B.V.; Khaitov, N.Kh.; et al.
H The Prophylaxis and Treatment of Fascioliasis in Man.
Tashkentskii Gosudarstvenuyi Meditsinskii Institut., pp. 132-4
(1974)
02001
Bacalzo-Beech, I.
H A Procedure for the Identification of Hexachloroethane in Rumen
Contents of Cattle.
J. Anim. Ind., 25(1-4):15-6 (1969)
Baganz, H.; Perkow, W.; Lim, G. T.; et al.
H Toxicity of Alkoxylated and Chlorinated Ethanes and Ethenes.
Arzneim.-Forsch., 11:902-5 (1961)
Barber, G. W.
H New Control Methods for the Corn Ear Worm.
J. Econ. Ent., 31(3):459 (1938)
11
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Barrows, M. E.; Petrocelli, S. R.; Macek, K. J.; et al.
E Bioconcentration and Elimination of Selected Water Pollutants by
Bluegill Sunfish.
Proceedings: National Meeting of the American Chemical Society,
Division of Environmental Chemistry.
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 18(2):345-6 (1978)
Barrows, M. E.: Petrocelli, S. R.; Macek, K. J.; et al.
E Bioconcentration and Elimination of Selected Water Pollutants by
Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus).
Symposium: Dynamics and Exposure Hazard Assessment of Toxic
Chemicals, pp. 379-92 (1980)
Barsoum, G. S.; Saad, K.
H Relative Toxicity of Certain Chlorine Derivatives of the
Aliphatic Series.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 7:205-14 (1934)
Bchvarova, N.; Stoyanova, L.
H Effect of Certain Fasciolocidal Drugs on Chronic Fascioliasis in
Sheep.
Veterinarno Meditsinski Nauki, 7,8:63-9 (1970) (Bui)
Beyers, J. A.
H Poisoning in Large Domestic Animals with Various Substances for
Combat of Plant Diseases.
Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., 81(1):1-14 (1956)
Bini, A.; Calligaro, A.; Vannini, V.; et al.
E The Toxic Metabolites of Halomethanes.
Rassi Med. Sarda, 78(4):347-52 (1975) (ita)
Bini, A.; Vecchi, G.j Vivoli, G.; et al.
H Detection of Early Metabolites in Rat Liver after Administration
of Tetrachloride and Bromotrichloromethane.
Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 7(2):143-9 (1975)
Boddey, R.F.
H The Use of Chemicals in the Modern Foundry.
Ann. Occup. Hyg., 10:231-9 (1967)
Braunstein, L.; Hockmueller, K.; Spengler, K.
H Microcoulometric Determination of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
in Rhine Water.
Vom Wasser, 53:27-51 (1979) (Ger)
Bray, H. G.; Thorpe, W. V.; Vallance, D. K.
The Liberation of Chloride Ions from Organic Chloro-Compounds by
Tissue Extracts.
Biochem. J., 51:193-201 (1952)
12
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Browning, H. C.; Fraser, F. C.; Shapiro, S.K.; et al.
H Biological Activity of DDT and Related Compounds.
Can. J. Research, 26D:282-300 (1948)
Bureau International Technique des Solvents Chlores
Standardization of Methods for the Determination of Traces of
Some Volatile Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Air and
Water by Gas Chromatography.
Anal. Chem. Acta, 82:1-17 (1976)
Burgi, E.
H The Permeability of Skin to Some Medications and Poisons.
Bruxelles Med., 16:1481 (1936)
Bywater, H. E.
H The Toxicity of Hexachlproethane.
Vet. Rec., 67:382 (1955)
Centrala Industriala de Produse Anorganice
Curcaneanu, S.; Georgescu, E.; Georgescu, F.; et al.
E Recovery of Hexachlorobutadiene from Wastes from the Manufacture
of Chlorinated Solvents.
Romania, Patent No. 63391
Aug. 21, 1974
Chance, M. R.; Mansour, T. E.
H A Kymographic Study of the Action of Drugs on the Liver Fluke
(Fasciola hepatica).
Br. J. Pharmacol., 4:7 (1949)
Chopra, N. M.
H Breakdown of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Tobacco
Smokes! A Short Review.
Proceedings:2nd Annual Meeting of the International Congress
on Pesticides and Chemicals. 1972.
Fate of Pesticides in the Environment, 6:245-61 (1972)
Chopra, N. M.; Osborne, N. B.
H Systematic Studies on the Breakdown of p,p'-DDT in Tobacco
Smokes. II. Isolation and Identification of Degradation
Products from the Pyrolysis of p,p'-DDT in a Nitrogen Atmosphere.
Anal. Chem., 43(7):849-53(1971
Chopra, N. M.; Domanski, J. J.; Osborne, N. B.
H Systematic Studies on the Breakdown of p,p-DDT in Tobacco Smokes,
Beitr. Tabakforsch., 5(4):137-74 (1970)
Cohen, J. L.; Lee, W.; Lien, E. J.
H Dependence of Toxicity on Molecular Structure.
J. Pharm. Sci., 63(7):1068-72 (1974)
13
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Cox, P. J.; King, L. J.; Parke, D. V.
H The Binding of Trichlorofluoromethane and Other Haloalkanes to
Cytochrome P-450 under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions.
Xenobiotica, 6(6):363-75 (1976)
Delak, M.; Srbljic, S.
H Parallel Investigations of the Effect of Hexachlorophene and
Hexachloroethane in Therapeutic Doses on the Quantity of Milk.
Vet. Arhiv., 33:312-19 (1963) (Yug.)
Dreyfus, E.L.; Bourgain, A.H.
H Insecticide.
France, Patent No. 998194
Jan. 15, 1952
Duewel, D.
H Advances in Knowledge of Anthelminthics.
Zbl. Veterinamed. Reihe A, 23(25): 164-7 (1976)
Dzhavadov, I. K.
H The Effect of Hexachloroethane on the Protein Composition of
Healthy Buffalo Cows.
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1976, No. USAEHA-51-0075-78, 29 pp. (Jan. 9, 1978)
United States. Department of Defense. Department of the Army
Daere, J. C.; Burrows, W. D.; Wade, C. W. R.5 et al.
E Problem Definition Studies on Potential Environmental
Pollutants. V. Physical, Chemical, Toxicological, and
Biological Properties of Seven Chemicals Used in Pyrotechnic
Compositions.
Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Lab., Fort
Detrick, MD
Technical Report No. USAMBRDL-TR-7704, 101 pp. (Oct. 1979)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Stanford Research Institute
H NIOSH Analytical Methods for Set H.
U.S. NTIS, PB-265 027/3ST, 90 pp. (Jan. 1977)
26
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United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H Chloroethanes; Review of Toxicity.
Current Intelligence Bulletin 27. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.
78-181:21 pp. (Aug. 21, 1978)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA
H Profiles on Occupational Hazards for Criteria Document
Priorities.
NIOSH Contract No. 210-77-0017:308 pp.
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H Chloroethanes; A Review of Toxicity.
Current Intelligence Bulletin, 25:21 pp. (Aug. 21, 1978)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health
H Conference: 7th Meeting of the Data Evaluation/Risk Assessment
Subgroup of the Clearinghouse on Environmental Carcinogens.
NIH, Bethesda, MD, Jan. 18, 1978.
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National
Cancer Institute
H Bioassay of Hexachloroethane for Possible Carcinogenicity.
DHEW(NIH)-78-1318, NCI Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series 68
U.S. NTIS, PB-282668, 46 pp. (1978)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National
Cancer Institute
H DHEW-NIH-NCI: Issues Bioassay of Hexachloroethane for Possible
Carcinogenicity.
Fed. Regist., :27238 (Jun. 23, 1978)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Shackelford, W.M.; Keith, L.H.
E Frequency of Organic Compounds Identified in Water.
EPA Report No. 600/4-76-062
U.S. NTIS, PB-265470, p. 119 (1976)
27
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Ewing, B.B.; Chain, E.S.; Cook, J.C.; et al.
E Monitoring to Detect Previously Unrecognized Pollutants in
Surface Waters.
EPA Report No. 560/6-77-015 (1977)
U.S. NTIS, PB-273349, pp. 35-68
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
SRI International
Simmon, V.F.; Kauhanen, K.
H In Vitro Microbiological Mutagenicity Assays of Hexachloroethane.
Water Supply Research Division Report. (LSU-5612):13 pp. (1978)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Huffman, R.D.; Latanich, C.M.; Collins, T.K.; et al.
Tracor-Jitco, Inc.
H Metabolism Summaries of Selected Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Human and Environmental Media, A Literature Survey.
Prepared for Survey and Analysis Division, Office of Program
Integration and International Office of Toxic Substances,
EPA Report No. 560/6-79-008 (Jun. 1979)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Blackwood, T.R.; Sipes, T.6.
E Status Assesssment of Toxic Chemicals; Hexachlorobenzene.
Office of Research and Development. EPA Report No.
600/2-79-210g (1979)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Dobbs, R. A.; Cohen, J. M.
E Carbon Adsorption Isotherms for Toxic Organics.
Office of Research and Development, EPA Report No. 600/8-80-023,
331 pp. (1980)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
E Water Treatment Process Modifications for Trihalomethane Control
and Organic Substances in the Ohio River.
Office of Research and Development, EPA Report No. 600/2-80-028,
307 pp. (1980)
Vainio, H.; Parkki, M. G.; Marriemi, J.
H Effects of Aliphatic Chlorohydrocarbons on Drug-Metabolizing
Enzymes in Rat Liver In Vivo.
Xenobiotica, 6(10):599-604 (1976)
Van Dyke, R. A.
H Dech1orination Mechanisms of Chlorinated Olefins.
Environ. Health Perspect., 21:121-4 (1977)
28
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Van Dyke, R. A.: Wineman, C. G.
H Enzymic Dechlorination. Dechlorination of Chloroethanes and
Propanes In Vitro.
Biochem. Pharmacol., 20(2):463-70 (1971)
Van Rossum, P.; Webb, R. G.
E Isolation of Organic Water Pollutants by XAD Resins and Carbon.
J. Chromatogr., 150(2):381-92 (1978)
Vesselova, T. P.
H More on the Toxicity of Hexachloroethane to Cattle.
Veterinariia, 43(4):60-1 (Apr. 1966) (Rus)
Vesselova, T. P.
H Effect of Antihiatamine Activity of Anthelmintics on Their
Toxicity.
Profil. Zaraznykh Nezaraznykh Zabol. Zhivoth. Sib., Mater.
Nauch. Konf., Posvyashch. 50-letiyu. Sib., :175-6 (1973) (Rus)
Von Oettingen, W. F.
H Halogenated Hydrocarbons; Toxicity and Potential Dangers.
J. Indust. Hyg. Tox., 19:349-448 (Oct. 1937)
Wasicky, R.; Unti, 0.
H The Action of Some Insecticides on Triatoma, the Carrier of the
Chagas Disease.
An. Fac. Farm. Odontol. Univ. Sac Paulo, 8:197-201 (1950)
Weeks, M. H.: Angerhofer, R. A.; Bishop, R.; et al.
H The Toxicity of Hexachloroethane in Laboratory Animals.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 40(3):187-99 (Mar. 1979)
Weisburger, E. K.
H Carcinogenicity Studies on Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
Environ! Health Perspect., 21:7-16 (1977)
Wilson, R. H.
H Health Hazards Encountered in the Manufacture of Synthetic
Rubber.
J. Am. Med. Assoc., 124(ll):701-3 (Mar. 11, 1944)
Zamora, G.P.; Gonzalez - Rubiera, E.
H Enzymatic Changes Caused by the Administration of
Hexachloroethane and Oxyclozanide to Rabbits.
Conference: 20th World Veterinary Congress. Summaries, Volume
2. Thessaloniki, Greece, 1975. pp. 1113-4
29
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Zarnowski, E.; Chowaniec, W.; Darski, J.; et al.
H Studies on the Therapy of Fascioliasis in Cattle. II.
Hexachloroethane (Distovet - Biovet and Avlothane I.C.I.) and
1.4-bis-TrichloroTnethyl-benzol (Hetol-Hoechst).
Wiad. Parazytol., 10(4-5):481-2 (1964)
Zarnowski, E.; Chowaniec, W.; Darski, J.; et al.
H Investigations on the Anti-Liver Fluke Therapy; I. Methods,
Hexachloroethane, Carbon Tetrachloride (Hetol).
Acta. Parasitol. Pol., 14(28):265-78 (1966-67)
Zilka, L.; Matucha, M.
Gas Chromotographic Analysis of Chlorinated Ethanes.
J. Chromotogr., 148:229-35 (1978)
30
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APPENDICES
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Appendix I
Abstract Collections Manually Searched
Source Period of Coverage
Chemical Abstracts* ~ (1930-1976)
Biological Abstracts* (1930-1970)
Excerpta Medica*
Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, (1965-1974)
Toxicology
Cancer (1953-1974)
Public Health, Social Medicine, Hygiene (1955-1974)
Clinical Biochemistry (1969-1974)
Pharmacology and Toxicology (1969-1974)
Occupational Health (1972-1975)
Current Contents
Life Sciences (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Physical Sciences (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Agriculture (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Industrial Hygiene Digest (1943-1979)
Index Medicus* (1930-1976)
Toxicology Research Projects Directory (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
*Recent issues searched on-line.
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Appendix II
On-line Databases Searched
National Library of Medicine (MEDLARS)
File Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Chemline ~ N/A
Toxline 1974+
Toxback 1965-1973
Cancerlit Jan. 1963+
Cancerproj 1976-1978
Medline Jan. 1977+
Back 66 Jan. 1966-Dec. 1968
Back 69 Jan. 1969-Dec. 1971
Back 72 Jan. 1972-Dec. 1974
Back 75 Jan. 1975-Dec. 1976
Back 77 Jan. 1977-Dec. 1977
SDILINE Present Month's. Update
Toxicology Data Bank N/A
RTECS 1978 Edition
Search Strategy
(RN) 67-72-1
(TW) Avlothane
(TW) Carbon and Hexachloride
(TW) Distokal
(TW) Distopan
(TW) Egitol
(TW) Ethane and Hexachloride
(TW) Ethylene and Hexachloride
(TW) Falkitol
(TW) Fasciolin
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Department of Energy (RECON)
File Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Water Resources Abstracts 1968+
Environmental Mutagen Information Center 1969+
Environmental Teratogen Information Center 1975+
Search Strategy
IT= hexachloroethane
RN= 67-72-1
Chemical Information System*
Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)
(RN) 67-72-1
*Searched to obtain synonyms only
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSHTIC 1973+
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Search Strategy
hexachloroethane
67-72-1
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Department of Energy (RECON)
Search Strategy
(TW) Hexachlo and aethane
(TW) Hexachloroethylene
(TW) Mottenhexe
(TW) Perchloroethane
(TW) Phenohep
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
-------
File
Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
Coverage Period of..Rile
+ indicates that the database is continually updated
Agricola
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Biosis Previews
Chemical Abstracts Search
Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux Abstracts
Chemical Industry Notes
Chemname
Claims/Chem
Comprehensive Dissertation Abstracts
Conference Papers Index
Current Research Information System
EIS Industrial Plants
Enviroline
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Excerpta Medica
Food Science & Technology Abstracts
GPO Monthly Catalog
National Technical Information Service
Oceanic Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
PTS Funk and Scott Indexes
PTS Federal Index
PTS Promt
PTS Annual Time Series
PTS US Statistical Abstracts
Rubber & Plastics Research Association Abstracts
SciSearch
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
Current Research Information System
Compendex
Inspec
Metadex
Pira
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/Class
Aug. 1971 +
1976-Sep. 1978
Jan. 1975+
1969+
1970+
Jan. 1973+
1974+
N/A
1950-1970
1861+
1973+
Jul. 1974+
N/A
1971 +
1973+
Jun. 1974+
1969+
Jul. 1973+
1964+
1964+
1970+
1972+
Oct. 1976+
1972+
Jul. 1971+
Jul. 1971+
1972+
Jan. 1974+
Most Recent 2 Yrs,
Jul. 1974+
1970+
1969+
1966+
1975+
Abstracts Weekly
1971+
Oct. 1975+
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
Search Strategy
Hexa(w)chloro(w)ethane
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloro(w)ethane
Avlothane
Carbon(w)hexachloride
Carbon(w)hexa(w)chloride
Distokal
Distopan
Egitol
Ethane(w)hexachloride
Ethane(w)hexa(w)chloride
Ethylene(w)hexachloride
Ethylene(w)hexa(w)chloride
Hexa(w)chloro(w)ethylene
Hexachloroethylene
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlo(w)aethan
Mottenhexe
Per(w)chloro(w)ethane
Perchloro(w)ethane
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
RN 67-72-1 used in appropriate files
-------
Database
Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Systems Development Corporation (ORBIT)
Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Apilit - 1974+
Apipat 1964+
Chemdex 1972+
Crecord 1976+
Fedreg Mar. 1977+
Libcon 1968+
Paperchem 1968+
P/E News 1975
Safety Science Jun. 1975+
Titus 1970+
World Patent Index 1963+
Search Strategy
(RN)67-72-1 (in appropriate files)
Hexachloroethane
Avlothane
Carbon and Hexachloride
Distokal
Distopan
Egitol
Ethane and Hexachloride
Ethylene and Hexachloride
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlo and aethan
Hexachloroethylene
Mottenhexe
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
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