EPA-600/1-78-002
January 1978
Environmental Health Effects Research Series
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME METALS
AS AIR POLLUTANTS. PART II: MERCURY
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS RE-
SEARCH series. This series describes projects and studies relating to the toler-
ances of man for unhealthful substances or conditions. This work is generally
assessed from a medical viewpoint, including physiological or psychological
studies. In addition to toxicology and other medical specialities, study areas in-
clude biomedical instrumentation and health research techniques utilizing ani-
mals — but always with intended application to human health measures.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/1-78-002
January 1978
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME
METALS AS AIR POLLUTANTS
PART II: MERCURY
by
Mirka Fugas
Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences
and Arts, Zagreb, Yugoslavia
and
Fedor Valic
Andrija Stampar
School of Public Health
University of Zagreb
Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Special Foreign Currency Program
Agreement Number 02-302-3
Project Officer
Robert J. M. Horton
Office of the Director
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 27711
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names
or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., wishes to express
its appreciation to Dr. Leslie E. Sparks, E.P.A., Project
Officer, and Mr. James Abbott, E.P.A. for excellent tech-
nical coordination and for very helpful assistance in sup
port of our technical effort.
111
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ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to shed more light on the relationship
between the concentration of a metal in air and in blood of the exposed
persons and biological effects which may be attributed to the exposure to
a given metal.
The study was carried out at four levels of exposure to mercury in air.
The four population groups were: occupationally exposed workers, and inhabi-
tants of industrial, urban, and rural areas.
iv
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CONTENTS
Foreword
Abstract
Figures.
Tables .
1. Introduction
2. Investigation Schedule
3. Methods
4. Results
Assessment of mercury exposure
Biological parameters
5. Discussion
References
Appendices
A. Data on Mercury in Air
B. Average Exposures and Biological Parameters
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Mean monthly concentrations of mercury in air - rural area .... 18
2 Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - rural area. ... 19
3 Mean monthly concentrations of mercury in air - Zagreb area. ... 21
4 Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - Zagreb area ... 22
5 Mean monthly concentrations of mercury in air - Idrija area. ... 32
6 Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - Idrija area ... 33
7 Values of biological parameters in the ten population groups ... 54
8 Values of biological parameters in the ten population groups ... 55
9 Values of biological parameters in the four population groups. . . 56
10 Values of biological parameters in the four population groups. . . 57
A-l Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
rural area 68
A-2 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
rural area 69
A-3 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Zagreb area 70
A-4 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Zagreb area 71
A-5 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Zagreb area 72
A-6 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Zagreb area 73
A-7 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Zagreb area 74
A-8 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Idrija area 75
A-9 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Idrija area 76
A-10 Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Idrija area 77
A-ll Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air -
Idrija area 73
vi
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TABLES
Number Page
1 Mercury Air Measurement: Summary of Sampling and Analysis
by Area 9
2 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Winter). . 10
3 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Spring). . 11
4 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Summer). . 12
5 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Autumn). . 13
6 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Winter).... 14
7 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Spring).... 15
8 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Summer).... 16
9 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Autumn).... 17
10 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Winter) 23
11 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Spring) 24
12 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Summer) 25
13 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Autumn) 26
14 Atmospheric Mercury and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Winter) 27
15 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Spring) 28
16 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Summer) 29
17 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor and Aerosol Concentrations in Idrija
(Autumn) 30
vii
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TABLES (continued)
Number page
18 Mean Annual Mercury Vapor Concentrations ............. 31
19 Indoor-Outdoor Mercury Concentration Ratio ............ 34
20 Calculation of Weighted Average Weekly Exposure of Idrija
Inhabitants ........................... 36
21 Occupational Exposure— Personal Sampling, yg Hg/m ........ 37
22 Occupational Exposure — Personal Sampling, yg Hg/m ........ 38
23 Examples of the Calculation of Weighted Weekly Exposure ...... 40
24 Coefficients of Correlation and Analysis of Variance for Group
With Occupational Exposure ................... 42
25 Coefficients of Correlation and Analysis of Variance for
Inhabitants of Idrija ...................... 43
26 Coefficients of Correlation and Analysis of Variance for Urban
Population ........................... 44
27 Coefficients of Correlation and Analysis of Variance for Rural
Population ........................... 45
28 Combined Coefficients of Correlation — All Data .......... 46
29 Spearman's Coefficient of Rank Correlation: Blood Mercury -
Biological Parameters ...................... 47
30 Kruskal-Wallis Test (H) and Rank Correlation (R) for Comparison of
the Mercury Exposure Levels and Biological Variates ....... 48
31 Kruskal-Wallis for Testing Differences of Biological Parameters
Between Individual Population Groups .............. 51
32 Relationship Between Weighted Weekly Exposures (yg Hg/m3) and
Biological Parameters ...................... 52
33 Coefficients of Rank Correlation Between Weighted Weekly Exposures
and Group Means of Biological Parameters in Population Groups
Exposed to Ten Different Mercury Exposure Levels ........ 58
34 Means and Standard Deviations of Biological Parameters in Four
Population Groups of Different Exposure Levels ......... 59
Vlll
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TABLES (continued)
Number Page
35 Difference Between Means of Biological Parameters in Subjects
With the 20% Lowest and 20% Highest Blood Mercury Concentrations . 60
36 Difference Between Means of Biological Parameters in Rural
Population and Two Groups With Highest Weighted Weekly Exposure
to Mercury 61
A-l Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Dec. 1972) . 79
A-2 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Jan. 1973) . 80
A-3 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Feb. 1973) . 81
A-4 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Mar. 1973) . 82
A-5 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Apr. 1973) . 83
A-6 Atmospheric Merucry Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (May 1973). . 84
A-7 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (June 1973) . 85
A-8 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (July 1973) . 86
A-9 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Aug. 1973) . 87
A-10 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Sept. 1973). 88
A-ll Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Oct. 1973) . 89
A-12 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Rural Area (Nov. 1973) . 90
A-13 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Dec. 1972) ... 91
A-14 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Jan. 1973) ... 92
A-15 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Feb. 1973) ... 93
A-16 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Mar. 1973) ... 94
A-17 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Apr. 1973) ... 95
A-18 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (May 1973). ... 96
A-19 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (June 1973) ... 97
A-20 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (July 1973) ... 98
IX
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TABLE (continued)
Number Page
A-21 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Aug. 1973) ... 99
A-22 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Sept. 1973). . . 100
A-23 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Oct. 1973) . . . 101
A-24 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Zagreb (Nov. 1973) . . . 102
A-25 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Dec. 1971) . . . 103
A-26 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Dec. 1971) . . 104
A-27 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Jan. 1972) . . 105
A-28 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Jan. 1972) . . 106
A-29 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Feb. 1972) . . . 107
A-30 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Feb. 1972) . . 108
A-31 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Mar. 1972) . . . 109
A-32 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Mar. 1972) . . 110
A-33 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Apr. 1972) . . . Ill
A-34 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Apr. 1972) . . 112
A-35 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (May 1972) .... 113
A-36 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (May 1972) . . . 114
A-37 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (June 1972) . . . 115
A-38 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (June 1972) . . 116
A-39 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (July 1972) . . . 117
A-40 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (July 1972) . . 118
A-41 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Aug. 1972) . . . 119
A-42 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Aug. 1972) . . 120
A-43 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Sept. 1972). . . 121
A-44 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Sept. 1972). . 122
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TABLES (continued)
Number Page
A-45 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Oct. 1972) . . . 123
A-46 Atmospheric Mercury Concentration in Idrija (Oct. 1972) 124
A-47 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor Concentration in Idrija (Nov. 1972) . . . 125
A-48 Atmospheric Mercury Aerosol Concentration in Idrija (Nov. 1972) . . 126
A-49 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Dec. 1972) 127
A-50 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Jan. 1973) 128
A-51 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Feb. 1973) 129
A-52 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (March 1973) 130
A-53 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (April 1973) 131
A-54 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (May 1973) 132
A-55 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (June 1973) 133
A-56 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (July 1973) 134
A-57 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Aug. 1973) 135
A-58 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Sept. 1973) 136
A-59 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Oct. 1973) 137
A-60 Atmospheric Mercury Vapor (a) and Aerosol (b) Concentrations in
Idrija (Nov. 1973) 138
B-l Average Exposure and Biological Parameters of Individuals in Rural
Area (Group I) 140
xi
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TABLES (continued)
Number
B-2 Average Exposure and Biological Parameters of Individuals in Urban
Area (Group II) 148
B-3 Average Exposure and Biological Parameters of Individuals in
Mercury Mining and Smelting Area, Nonoccupational Exposure
(Group III) 155
B-4 Average Exposures and Biological Parameters of Individuals in
Mercury Mining and Smelting Area, Occupational Exposure
(Group IV) 164
XII
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
Little is known about the behavior and levels of mercury in the atmos-
phere, and even less about possible effects of these low-level exposures on
the human organism. It is for this reason that the present study was under-
taken in order to elucidate the association between low atmospheric mercury
levels and changes in some biological parameters likely to react to such
exposure.
POPULATIONS STUDIED
The study covered four population groups believed to be exposed to four
different levels of atmospheric mercury:
Rural Inhabitants
This population group consisted of inhabitants of a rural area with no
known sources of mercury emission. Only male inhabitants of two villages
situated 60 kilometers north of Zagreb were studied.
Town Duellers
This second group was composed of inhabitants of a town with no specific,
identified sources of mercury emission. Some exposure to higher mercury
levels was expected, however, from burning of fossil fuel, industrial waste
containing small amounts of mercury, and other miscellaneous sources. Male
inhabitants of the City of Zagreb, the capital of the State of Croatia, were
selected.
Inhabitants of a Mercury Mining and Smelting Area
This group consisted of the general population of the mercury mining and
smelting town of Idrija, excluding those occupationally exposed. The town of
Idrija, where the second largest mercury mine in Europe is situated, is in the
western part of Yugoslavia, in the State of Slovenia.
Workers Oacupationally Exposed to Mercury
This last group was made up of mercury miners and smelters of Idrija who
are exposed to mercury in their jobs and also exposed to the generally higher
atmospheric mercury levels in the town of Idrija.
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HYPOTHESES
In spite of the abundant research material accumulated on the toxicology
of mercury and, particularly, on biochemical changes caused by mercury ab-
sorption, it has not as yet been possible to define main biochemical or
physiological lesions associated with it.
We set forth two working hypotheses:
1. Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), containing sulfydril
groups, is likely to be influenced by a metal such as mercury which has such a
strong affinity for these groups. In the case of a changed ALAD activity,
protoporphyrin synthesis should be affected, and this effect should be re-
flected in a changed coproporphyrin excretion rate.
2. Activities of other sulfur-containing enzymes are altered, and the
concentration of some biologically important sulfur-containing compounds is
changed under the mercury absorption exceeding the basic one.
In addition, we followed changes in some other biological parameters
which have been reported in the literature to react to higher mercury ab-
sorption. The following biological parameters were studied:
1. Coproporphyrin (Co)
2. Coproporphyrin I and III ratio
3. Glutathione (GHS)
4. Alkaline Phosphatase (Alk.Ph.)
5. Cholesterol (Choi.)
6. Cholinesterase (ChE)
7. Delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)
8. Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT)
9. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)
10. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)
The analyses of coproporphyrin I and III isomers, the estimation of the
activities of cholinesterase and delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase, and
the determination of cholesterol were not part of the Contract, but these
analyses were considered to be of interest and were therefore included in the
study.
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SECTION 2
INVESTIGATION SCHEDULE
The first two years of the project were used for the Introduction,
development, and evaluation of analytical methods.1'2 Sampling and measure-
ments were performed in the course of the second, third, and fourth years
and were completed in the fifth year. The results were processed and
statistically evaluated in the fifth year of the project.
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SECTION 3
METHODS
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN BLOOD
In preliminary stages of the project, mercury in the blood was de-
termined by the Magos and Cernic method, but it was later replaced by the
method described by Linstedt and Skare and Skare. In the method by Magos
and Cernik, the liberation of mercury takes place from undigested material;
the H-gC bonds are not destroyed and, consequently, only inorganic mercury
is determined. By the Lindstedt and Skare method, blood is digested by a
mixture of perchloric and nitric acid at 70°-75° so that all the mercury bonds
are destroyed and total mercury in blood can be determined. Mercury is
reduced with stannous chloride (SnCla) , removed from blood by aeration,
passed through the gas cell of the Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectro-
photometer (Model 305 A), and cold vapor atomic absorption of the 253.7 nm
mercury emission line is measured. Blood samples of 1 or 2 ml were used.
The sensitivity of the method is 25 ng/2 ml blood. The recovery was deter-
mined at 99.2%±4.6%.
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN AIR
Mercury exposure was assessed by collecting mercury vapor and aerosols
with stationary and personal samplers. Stationary samplers consisted of a
filter holder followed by a water-containing impinger and by a fritted glass
bubbler with acid potassium permanganate. The filter paper (membrane filter,
Sartorious SM 11304, 8 ym) with collected particles is extracted with the acid
potassium permanganate solution, and solid mercury compounds are dissolved in
this way. The trapping bubbler is preceded by the water-containing impinger
in order to humidify the air and reduce evaporation of the trapping liquid.
For dynamic sampling, Casella personal samplers, Model C, were used-
they consisted of a filter followed by an Arnold sampler containing per-'
manganate solution, and a nickle-cadmium battery-driven diaphragm pump
The determination of mercury in air was carried out in the same way as
in blood. Mercury ions were reduced with SnCl2 and removed from the solution
with an air current. Cold vapor atomic absorption of the 253 7
emission line was measured with the Perkin-Elmer Atomic Absorption
photometer, Model 305 A. v n
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The trapping efficiency of the sampling system for mercury vapor was
determined with the known concentrations of mercury vapor in air produced by
a dynamic method. Trapping efficiency was found to be 100.8%±7.6%.
DELTA-AMINO LEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY
For the determination of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase activity
(ALAD) in blood, the method of Bonsignore et al.6 was used. The principle of
the method is the spectrophotometric measurement of porphobilinogen formed
as a product of the enzyme action upon substrate, to which a known concen-
tration of delta-amino levulinic acid is added. The activity was expressed
in units/ml red blood cells (E). One enzyme unit was defined as the differ-
ence in the optical density between the experimental and control test tubes,
corrected according to the hematocrit value and sample dilution.
Eight ALAD tests run simultaneously by two analysts yielded a range of
177 to 191 units with a mean of 183 units and standard deviation of 3.36
units. The coefficient of variation was 1.84%.
It has been proved that the results were affected by the time that
elapsed between blood drawing and analysis. The average decrease in the
activity of samples stored for 6 hours at 4° was 4.62% (an absolute decrease
of 5.0 units/ml E) and for samples stored 24 hours, 23.15% (an absolute
decrease of 25.0 units/ml E). Most ALAD analyses were performed within 6
hours.
COPROPORPHYRINS
Total Copraporphyrins
Total coproporphyrins were determined fluorimetrically by the method
described by Schwartz et al.7 According to the original method, the urine
sample, acidified by buffered asectic acid, is extracted with ethyl acetate;
the extract is washed with a sodium acetate solution to remove uroporphyrins,
coproporphyrin precursors are oxidized with iodine, and, finally, copropor-
phyrins are extracted with several portions of hydrochloric acid.
The sensitivity of the method is 1 yg/100 ml urine. As in Zieve et
al., the mean coproporphyrin value in normal male populations, obtained by
the method of Schwartz et al., is 163±53 yg/day. Using the same method for
our normal male population, we obtained the value of 12.5±5.8 yg/100 mg
urine, which corresponds to the aforementioned values if an average daily
diuresis of 1.2-1.5 litres is assumed.
CopToporphyvi-n I and III Isomers
Coproporphyrin isomers were determined by a modification of the
Koskelo and Toivonen method.9 In the method used by Koskelo and Toivonen
coproporphyrins are extracted from urine with ether. A hydrochloric acid
extract of coproporphyrins is purified by passing through an aluminum
oxide column, a method that allows the majority of impurities to pass
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through, while the coproporphyrins are retained. The coproporphyrins are
eluted wxth ammonium hydroxide and reextracted with ether at pH 3.5. Ether
is evaporated, and the dry residue—redissolved in the mixture of'acetic
acid, water, and ammonium hydroxide—is applied to silica gel G on thin-
layer chromatography plates. The sample is developed in a mixture of 2.6
lutidine and water in an ammonium atmosphere. The stains of separated
coproporphyrins are eluted with hydrochloric acid.
Because of difficulties in the supply of 2.6 lutidine, this method was
modified by using 2.4 lutidine for the separation of isomers. In addition,
the chromatography chamber was saturated with ammonia to a higher degree
than in the original method. It was found that the two most critical factors
for achieving a quantitative separation of two isomers were the concentration
of ammonia in the chromatography chamber and the relationship between luti-
dine and water.
The modified procedure, unlike the original procedure, did not elute
isomer stains. The fluorescence intensity of dry stains was measured directly
on a Perkin-Elmer MPF-2 Spectrofluorimeter with a special accessory for
measuring fluorescence on thin-layer chromatography plates. The excitation
wavelength was 405 nm, and the emission wavelength was 598 nm.
Normal values of coproporphyrin I and III proportion vary with the
analytical method applied. Koskelo and Toivonen9 have found approximately
25% isomer I in their normal population. Other authors consider the normal
range to be 35%-40% coproporphyrin I.10'11 The mean coproporphyrin I propor-
tion obtained in our normal population was 43.3%±10.4%.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity was based on the method of
Bessey et al. using the standard procedure with "Biochemica Test Combination"
set of Boehringer Co.13
GLUTAMICOXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE (GOT) AND GLUTAMIC-PYRUVIC
TRANSAMINASE (GPT)
Activity of GOT and GPT was assessed on the basis of the colorimetric
method by Reitman and Frankel11* using the standard procedure with "Bio-
chemica Test Combination" set of Boehringer Co.15
GLUTATHIONE
The method of Beutler et al. was used to determine glutathione (GSH) in
whole blood, a method based on the development of a relatively stable
yellow color when 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) is added to
glutathione. The maximum absorption for the reduced DTNB in the visible
part of the spectrum has proved to be 412 nm.
GSH was bound to be very stable. The maximum decrease of GSH concentra-
tion in blood samples after 24-hour storage at 4°C was 0.20 mg/100 ml.
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The normal concentration in a group of healthy adults (N = 30) was
35.7±6.3 mg/100 ml blood (range: 26.1-49.5 mg/100 ml blood).
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity was measured by the
method of Zinkham et al,17 which is based on direct spectrophotometric de-
termination of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide in the ultraviolet
region (340 nm). The activity is expressed in G-6-PD units/100 ml E. One
unit of enzyme is defined as the amount which produces at 340 nm an optic-al
density change of 2.07 per minute in 3.0 ml of reaction mixture.
Normal values determined in a group of 50 healthy male adults were
182±28.3 units/100 ml E (range: 153.8-210.2 units/100 ml E).
Seven G-6-PD tests run simultaneously on one blood sample by an analyst
yielded a range from 178.3 to 217.1 units. The coefficient of variation was
7.5%.
The stability test run at 4°C showed that G-6-PD activity decreased
with the time of blood storage. After five hours the average decrease in
activity was 1.5% (an absolute decrease of 2.5 units/100 ml E) and after 24
hours, 5.2% (an absolute decrease of 8.7 units/100 ml E). The analyses were
performed, as a rule, within 5 hours.
CHOLINESTERASE
Activity of cholinesterase in blood and in plasma was measured with the
micromodification18 of the method by Ellman et al.19 Thiocholine formed by
enzymatic hydrolysis reacts with dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid forming a
yellow product, the absorbance of which was measured at 412 nm. The Spectro-
photometer Unicam SP600 was used.
Normal values20 for whole blood were found to be 15.0-30.0 AE/min/ml,
and for plasma, normal values were 2.5-8.6 AE/min/ml.
CHOLESTEROL
r) -I
The method by Levine et al. was used for the determination of total
cholesterol in serum using the Autoanalyzer Technicon. With the anhydride
of acetic acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid (Liebermann-Burchardt
reagent), cholesterol reacts by developing a green product, the absorbance
of which was measured at 625 nm.
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SECTION 4
RESULTS
ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY EXPOSURE
Table 1 gives summarized data on sampling sites, methods of sampling and
analysis, and sampling frequency and duration.
Exposure of Rural Inhabitants
Twenty-four-hour, low-volume atmospheric samples (1.8-3.0 m /24 hours)
were collected in two villages with no known mercury sources for 2 weeks
every month, including Saturdays and Sundays, for 1 year (December 1972
through November 1973). The individual 24-hour concentrations obtained at
two locations, with the monthly means and maximal and minimal values, are
presented in the Appendix (Tables A-l through A-12). In Tables 2-5 the
mercury vapor concentrations are presented separately for winter, spring,
summer, and autumn, expressed as seasonal arithmetic means with the standard
deviation and as geometric means with the standard geometric deviation.
Minimal and maximal values, as well as the concentration which is exceeded by
only 5% of the results, are also included in the tables. Seasonal cumulative
frequency distributions of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the two
rural locations, from which the geometric mean concentrations and standard
geometric deviations were calculated, are shown in the Appendix (Figures A-l
and A-2). Monthly mean concentrations of mercury in the air of the two rural
areas are presented in Figure 1. Mean seasonal concentrations at the two
locations are shown in Figure 2.
As expected, the mercury concentrations in rural areas are low. The
seasonal mean concentrations do not differ much. The inhabitants of the
rural areas are exposed to a rather stable mercury-in-air concentration.
Exposure of Town Dwellers
Twenty-four-hour, low-volume samples were collected in the territory of
the City of Zagreb 2 weeks per month at the following four locations: I - a
suburban residential area to the north, II - a midtown residential and com-
mercipj. area, III - a residential area in the east, and IV - an industrial
and residential area to the west. As shown in previous progress reports
mercury in the form of aerosols contributed to the total concentration so
insignificantly that it was ignored and is therefore omitted from the tables
The obtained 24-hour concentrations with their monthly means and maximal and'
minimal values are shown in the Appendix (Tables A-13 through A-24) In
Tables 6-9, the results obtained in each season of the year are presented as
8
-------
TABLE 1. MERCURY AIR MEASUREMENT: METHODS OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS BY AREA
Area
Characterization
Frequency and
duration of
sampling
Method of sampling
and analysis
Rural
Zlatar
Bedekovcina
Farming
2 weeks per month
Dec. 1972-Nov. 1973
24-hour, low-volume
samples - AAS
Urban
Zagreb
I. Suburban -
residential (North)
II. Center of Town - old
residential and
commercial
III. Residential (East)
IV. Industrial and
residential (West)
2 weeks per month
Dec. 1972-Nov. 1973
24-hour, low-volume
samples - AAS
Idrija town -
vicinity of
mercury mine
and smelter
I. Old residential -
close to smelter
II. Center of town
III. New residential
IV. Periphery of town
2 weeks per month
Dec. 1971-Nov. 1973
Dec. 1971-Nov. 1973
Dec. 1971-Nov. 1972
Feb. 1972-Nov. 1972
24-hour, low-volume
samples - AAS
Mercury mine
and smelter
Mining in Strata
with metallic
mercury content
Mining in Strata
with low metallic
mercury content
Smelting
Auxiliary activities
133 continuous personal
Samples over the
whole shift
Personal sampling
AAS
-------
TABLE 2. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN RURAL AREA,
yg/m3 (WINTER)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
tfg
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.014
0.008
0.031
0.002
0.012
1.800
0.030
II
0.015
0.009
0.041
0.002
0.013
1.769
0.034
*Dec. 1972, Jan. and Feb. 1973.
10
-------
TABLE 3. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN RURAL AREA,
yg/m3(SPRING)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
*g
ag
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.010
0.006
0.026
0.001
0.008
1.857
0.023
II
0.012
0.005
0.025
0.003
0.010
1.600
0.022
*March, April, and May 1973,
11
-------
TABLE 4. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN RURAL AREA,
Ug/m3 (SUMMER)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
ag
Exceeded by only 5%
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Location
I
.014
.008
.040
.004
.011
.891
.032
II
0.014
0.006
0.032
0.005
0.011
1.682
0.027
*June, July, and Aug. 1973.
12
-------
TABLE 5. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN RURAL AREA,
yg/m3 (AUTUMN)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
<*g
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.014
0.010
0.046
0.004
0.012
1.967
0.036
II
0.015
0.009
0.042
0.006
0.013
1.813
0.034
*Sept., Oct., and Nov. 1973.
13
-------
TABLE 6. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB.
Ug/m3 (WINTER)*
__ _____ — __ — _ — _ __
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
X
Og
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.018
0.009
0.041
0.001
0.015
1.800
0.039
II
0.015
0.015
0.065
0.001
0.009
3.043
0.058
III
0.028
0.024
0.130
0.001
0.022
2.093
0.074
IV
0.017
0.013
0.064
0.001
0.012
2.263
0.045
* Dec. 1972, Jan. and Feb. 1973.
14
-------
TABLE 7. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3 (SPRING)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
ag
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.042
0.046
0.172
0.007
0.026
2.923
0.154
II
0.011
0.006
0.032
0.001
0.008
2.293
0.028
III
0.015
0.014
0.093
0.001
0.013
1.938
0.038
IV
0.010
0.003
0.019
0.001
t
t
0.015
* March, April, and May 1973.
Normal distribution.
15
-------
TABLE 8. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Ug/m3 (SUMMER)*
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
og
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.113
0.085
0.367
0.017
0.078
1.910
0.233
II
0.014
0.008
0.031
0.001
0.012
1.733
0.028
III
0.012
0.004
0.030
0.002
0.009
1.900
0.026
IV
0.010
0.003
0.018
0.001
t
t
0.018
* June, July, and Aug. 1973.
Normal distribution.
16
-------
TABLE 9. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Ug/m3 (AUTUMN)*
Concentration
X
s
Max.
Min.
Xg
ag
Exceeded by only 5%
Location
I
0.032
0.026
0.134
0.010
0.021
2.571
0.098
II
0.027
0.009
0.049
0.001
0.010
1.813
0.026
III
0.025
0.010
0.050
0.001
0.011
2.089
0.038
IV
0.010
0.007
0.030
0.001
0.008
2.039
0.026
*Sept., Oct., and Nov. 1973.
17
-------
LOCATION:
I .—,
12, ,
1972 1973
10 11
MONTHS
Figure 1. Mean monthly concentrations of
mercury In air - rural area.
-------
0.015
0.010
0.005
LOCATION
•a.
0.015
0.010
0.005
i
cc
0.
tfi
cc.
LLJ
%
h-
Figure 2. Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - rural area.
19
-------
seasonal arithmetic means with the standard deviation and as geometric means
with the standard geometric deviation. Minimal and maximal values, and
concentrations which were exceeded by only 5% of results, are also included^
in the tables. The seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of atmospheric
mercury at the four locations, from which the geometric mean concentrations
and the standard geometric deviations were calculated, are shown in the
Appendix (Figures A-3 through A-7). Monthly mean concentrations of mercury
in air of the four urban locations through a yearly cycle are presented in
Figure 3, and mean seasonal concentrations at the four locations are shown in
Figure 4.
The urban atmospheric mercury concentrations in the City of Zagreb,
although higher than those found in the rural areas, are also low. The only
difference is the summer concentration measured at location I where a sudden
unexpected rise of the concentration occurred between May and September.
Searching for the source of this intense mercury emission, researchers dis-
covered that a large quantity of metallic mercury was discharged from a
laboratory at the immediate vicinity of the sampling train. The increase in
mercury vapor pressure with the increasing temperature in the summer months
is likely to have been the reason of the high concentrations which remained
until the metallic mercury pool was completely evaporated, whereupon the
concentrations returned to normal. The results obtained at location I shoulc}
not, therefore, be considered typical of the area. At other sampling sites
the concentrations did not vary considerably between individual months.
Exposure of Inhabitants of a Mer>oury M-ining and Smelt-Ing Area
Twenty-four-hour, low-volume samples were collected in the mercury
mining and smelting area of Idrija at four locations through at least 2
weeks per month, and occasionally for a longer period, over a yearly cycle.
As the concentrations measured at locations II, III, and IV were similar, the
measurements were continued at only two locations (I and II) over another
yearly cycle. Location I was in the old residential area close to the smelter;
location II was in the center of the town; location III was in the new residen-
tial area, and location IV, at the periphery of the town. The obtained 24-hour
concentrations with their monthly means and maximal and minimal values are
shown in the Appendix (Tables A-24 through A-60). In Tables 10-17 the obtained
seasonal mercury vapor concentrations over two yearly cycles are presented as
seasonal arithmetic means with the standard deviation and as geometric means
with the standard geometric deviation. Minimal and maximal values as well as
the concentrations that are exceeded by only 5% of the results are also in-
cluded in the tables. In addition, the tables also give percentages of samples
W1th the mercury concentration above 0.3 yg/m3, 2 yg/m3, and 5 y/m3 The con-
centration of 0.3 yg/m is the maximum allowable concentration of mercury vapor
accepted in the USSR on the basis of animal experiments showing that concentra-
tions below this limit ?roduce no funtional changes in the braL cortex ff The
concentration of 2 yg/m was found to be the lower limit of rh^ ™
tration inducing significant changes in the higher nervouf activity'"7 The"
concentration of 5 yg/m is one-tenth of the threshold concentration (50 yj/m3)
for the working environment set forth by the International Symposium onM^C
values in 1968. The seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of atmospheric
20
-------
0.15
I 0.10
0.05
LOCATION:
I
II
III
IV
12
1972
1
I973
10
11
MONTHS
Figure 3. Mean monthly concentrations of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
-------
0.025
0.010
0.025
0.010
LOCATION
IV
III
« 0.025
E
I
3 0.010
0.100
0.075
0.050
0.025
oe
UJ
S £ 1 ?
g to r>
tn <
Figure 4. Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
22
-------
TABLE 10. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (WINTER)*
Mercury vapor
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
ag
Exceeded by only
% results above 0
% results above 2
% results above 5
I
2.033
2.282
8.788
0.077
1.600
2.450
5% 7 . 040
.3 yg/m3 74
yg/m3 36
yg/m3 13
Location
II
0.827
0.938
3.930
0.074
0.640
2.423
2.800
59
13
0
III
0.669
0.803
2.897
0.051
0.425
3.205
2.750
49
10
0
ivf
1.087
1.146
4.150
0.104
0.950
2.316
3.800
68
26
0
'Mercury aerosols
Concentration
X
Max.
Min.
I
0.013
0.063
0.001
Location
II
0.012
0.138
0.001
III
0.009
0.038
0.002
i/
0.012
0.065
0.001
* Dec. 1971, Jan. and Feb. 1972.
Feb. only.
23
-------
TABLE 11. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (SPRING)*
• — '
Mercury vapor
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
erg
Exceeded by only 5%
% results above 0.3 yg/m
% results above 2 yg/m3
% results above 5 yg/m3
I
1.671
1.137
5.724
0.103
1.300
1.923
3.800
3 91
31
3
Location
II III
0.339 0.217
0.165 0.110
0.801 0.589
0.041 0.006
0.330 0.190
1.576 1.632
0.690 0.420
50 13
0 0
0 0
IV
0.353
0.268
1.212
0.033
0.310
1.839
0.840
41
0
0
Mercury aerosols
Concentration
X
Max.
Min.
I
0.022
0.046
0.010
Location
II III
0.013 0.006
0.080 0.012
0.003 0.002
IV
0.008
0.023
0.002
* March, April, and May 1972.
24
-------
TABLE 12. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (SUMMER)*
Mercury vapor
Concentration
Location
I II
?
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
tfg
Exceeded by only
% results above 0
% results above 2
% results above 5
3.116 0.
1.394 0.
6.581 1.
0.568 0.
t 0.
t 1.
5% 5.850 1.
.3 yg/m3 100
yg/m3 74
yg/m3 5
574
368
772
128
504
756
410
74
0
0
III
0.273
0.291
1.916
0.027
0.225
1.644
0.520
30
0
0
IV
1.052
0.790
4.237
0.238
0.690
2.000
2.100
91
9
0
Mercury aerosols
Concentration
Location
I II
X
Max.
Min.
0.019 0.
0.048 0.
0.007 0.
004
006
001
III
0.004
0.008
0.001
IV
0.008
0.028
0.002
* June, July, and Aug. 1972.
Normal distribution.
25
-------
TABLE 13. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (AUTUMN)*
Mercury vapor
Concentration
Location
I II
X
S
Max.
Min.
xg
ag
Exceeded by only
% results above
% results above
% results above
1.816 0
1.081 0
5.043 1
0.231 0
1.500 0
1.750 1
5% 4.200 1
0.3 yg/m3 97
2 yg/m3 36
5 yg/m3 3
.424
.258
.079
.094
.352
.815
.020
69
0
0
III
0.245
0.154
0.649
0.062
0.212
1.825
0.625
23
0
0
IV
0.530
0.448
1.886
0.079
0.405
2.185
1.620
65
0
0
Mercury aerosols
Concentration
Location
I II
X
Max.
Min.
0.018 0
0.040 0
0.006 0
.003
.006
.001
III
0.002
0.004
0.001
IV
0.002
0.004
0.001
*Sept., Oct., and Nov. 1972.
26
-------
TABLE 14. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (WINTER)*
Mercury vapor
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
Cg
Exceeded by only 5%
% results above 0.3 yg/m3
% results above 2 yg/m3
% results above 5 yg/m3
I
2.011
2.036
9.567
0.001
1.530
2.390
7.020
85
43
8
Location
II
0.445
0.728
4.145
0.017
0.320
2.380
1.290
31
2
0
Mercury aerosols
Concentration
X
Max.
Min.
I
0.015
0.037
0.003
Location
II
0.003
0.005
0.001
* Dec. 1972, Jan. and Feb. 1973
27
-------
TABLE 15. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (SPRING)*
Mercury vapor
Location
Concentration
I
X 1-758
S 0.755
Max. 3.631
Min. 0.307
Xg t
ag t
Exceeded by only 5% 3.100
% results above 0.3 yg/m3 100
% results above 2 yg/m3 38
% results above 5 yg/m3 0
II
0.309
0.266
1.389
0.065
0.225
2.267
0.900
38
0
0
Mercury aerosols
Location
Concentration
I
X 0.015
Max. 0.024
Min. 0.005
II
0.003
0.009
0.001
*March, April, and May 1973,
Normal Distribution.
28
-------
TABLE 16. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 (SUMMER)*
Mercury vapor
Concentration
X
S
Max.
Min.
Xg
ag
Exceeded by only
% results above 0
% results above 2
% results above 5
Location
I
2.096
1.546
8.082
0.686
1.150
2.348
5% 4.875
.3 yg/m3 100
yg/m3 36
yg/m3 6
II
0.444
0.349
1.465
0.080
0.338
2.352
1.358
62
0
0
Mercury aerosols
Concentration
X
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.005
0.027
0.009
II
0.001
0.010
0.002
*June, July, and Aug. 1973
29
-------
TABLE 17. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR AND AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN IDRIJA, yg/m3 CAUTUMN)*
Mercury vapor
Location
Concentration
I
X 2.101
S 1-695
Max. 7.083
Min. 0.294
Xg 1 • 600
ag 2.188
Exceeded by only 5% 5.900
% results above 0.3 yg/m3 97
% results above 2 yg/m3 43
% results above 5 yg/m3 8
II
0.518
0.622
2.871
0.068
0.348
2.644
1.720
44
2
0
Mercury aerosols
Location
Concentration
I
X 0.017
Max. 0.034
Min. 0.003
II
0.008
0.011
0.001
Sept., Oct., and Nov. 1973
30
-------
mercury at the four locations from which the geometric mean concentrations
and standard geometric deviations were calculated, are shown in the Appendix
(Figures A-8 through A-ll).
In addition to the concentration of mercury vapor, the results of the
determination of mercury aerosols are also presented in the same tables as
means and maximal and minimal values (Tables A-25 through A-60 in the
Appendix and Tables 10-17 in the text). Aerosols contribute negligibly to
the total atmospheric mercury concentration.
Figure 5 presents the monthly mean concentrations of atmospheric mercury
vapor at locations III and IV through one yearly cycle (December 1971-November
1972) and at locations I and II through two yearly cycles (December 1971-
November 1973.) Figure 6 gives mean seasonal concentrations of mercury vapor
at the four locations. The figures show that considerably higher concentra-
tions were measured at location I, situated in the immediate vicinity of the
smelting plant, than at the other three locations. The concentrations were
highest in the winter and summer seasons, while the spring and autumn con-
centrations appeared to be approximately the same. The average annual con-
centrations in the four districts of Idrija are presented in Table 18.
TABLE 18. MEAN ANNUAL MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATIONS
District I II III IV
Concentration, yg/m3 2.106 0.489 0.365 0.758
Weighted weekly exposures of the Idrija inhabitants were calculated on
the basis of the analysis of habits of a population sample consisting of 62
men. The weighted weekly exposures were then calculated on the assumption
of a 42-hour working week, with 105 hours weekly spent at or around home,
14 hours weekly spent in the center of the town (2 hours daily) where shops
and restaurants are situated, and 7 hours weekly spent on recreation.
For defining the exposure at the place of work, the outdoor annual
average concentration of the corresponding district was used; (only subjects
with no occupational exposure to mercury were included.) This method was
considered justifiable because the analysis of the 97 pairs of samples taken
simultaneously indoors and outdoors at the same locations in January, May,
August, and October 1973 showed no consistent difference between indoor and
outdoor concentrations. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratios obtained
are shown in Table 19, which reveals that the ratios fluctuate around the
value of 1.00, thus justifying the assumption that at the locations studied,
indoor concentrations are not significantly different from outdoor con-
centrations. It is worth mentioning that some of our analyses showed lower
indoor values in winter months, particularly in bedrooms. It seems, however,
that in offices and other places of work with no indoor mercury sources,
the windows are opened frequently enough to allow the equalization of the
indoor and outdoor mercury concentrations.
31
-------
LOCATION:
Co
ho
•a
—I
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1971 1972
,_,,
1973
MONTHS
Figure 5. Mean monthly concentrations of mercury in air - Idrija area.
-------
1.0
LOCATION
IV
0.5
III
0.5
I
3.0
2.0
1.0
oc
111
I-
i
E
85
oc
LU
S
tn
Figure 6. Mean seasonal concentrations of mercury in air - Idrija area.
33
-------
TABLE 19. INDOOR-OUTDOOR MERCURY CONCENTRATION RATIO
Location
Month
Jan.
~
May
Aug.
Oct.
I
0.912
0.845
1.064
0.724
0.682
Mean 0 . 845
1.077
0.708
0.929
0.581
0.704
1.120
Mean 0.853
0.838
1.097
1.102
0.960
1.282
1.513
Mean 1.132
1.821
1.683
1.848
2.187
2.633
Mean 2.034
II
0.848
0.916
0.904
0.727
1.112
0.901
1.295
0.989
0.671
1.787
0.701
1.879
1.220
0.746
1.290
1.164
1.192
0.997
0.622
0.571
0.940
0.686
1.092
0.903
0.958
0.780
0.945
0.965
0.904
III
1.070
0.884
0.933
1.045
0.902
0.967
1.039
1.278
1.260
1.220
0.460
0.387
0.941
1.135
0.926
0.757
1.268
1.242
1.687
1.169
0.694
1.180
0.356
0.463
0.798
1.151
0.721
0.766
IV
0.875
0.879
0.923
1.080
0.754
0.902
1.468
0.972
1.214
1.094
1.087
1.157
0.915
1.130
1.822
0.942
0.010
0.960
1.067
0.905
1.045
1.107
1.539
1.167
0.935
0.872
0.746
0.959
1.027
1.035
Overall mean 1.196 0.990 0.952 1.054
34
-------
In order to simplify the calculations and to reduce the number of groups
of inhabitants with different weighted exposures, districts II and III, which
did not differ considerably in their annual mean mercury concentrations, were
combined, and their mean annual concentration of 0.427 yg/m was used.
The concentrations in nearby mountains (recreation areas) in the en-
virons of the town were not measured. They were assumed to be approximately
equal to the concentrations measured in the rural areas. The value of
0.014 yg/m3 was therefore used.
Different combinations of exposure levels at home and work divided the
Idrija inhabitants into seven different groups as to the weighted average
weekly exposure. Table 20 shows how the weighted weekly exposures were cal-
culated and gives the results obtained.
In some groups there were only a few inhabitants. We combined therefore
the first and second, the third and fourth, and the fifth and sixth groups,
thus obtaining four groups of Idrija inhabitants assumed to have the follow-
ing four weighted average weighted weekly exposures:
Group 1 - 0.397 yg/m3
Group 2 - 0.822 yg/m3
Group 3 - 1.142 yg/m3
Group 4 - 1.879 yg/m3
As mentioned earlier, the contribution of mercury-containing aerosols
was so small that it was considered negligible and was therefore not taken
into account in the calculation of the weighted average weekly exposures.
Exposure of Miners and Smelters
Four groups of workers occupationally exposed to airborne mercury were
selected: (1) miners working in parts of the mercury mine containing metallic
mercury, (2) miners working in parts of the mine with a very low metallic
mercury content, (3) smelters, and (4) auxiliary workers. These categories
are based on differences in exposure levels.
In order to assess the average occupational exposure level, four or five
workers were selected from each group, and their total mercury exposure was
measured over seven or eight working shifts by means of personal samplers.
The results obtained are shown in Table 21 for smelters and auxiliary workers
and in Table 22 for miners. It is obvious from the results obtained that
the miners working in the strata with the metallic mercury content had by
far the highest mercury exposure. The second-highest exposure was found in
the smelters, who were followed by miners working in strata with a low metal-
lic mercury content. The lowest level was found in the auxiliary workers.
As described under "Methods," mercury sampling was performed with
personal samplers consisting of a filter, a bubbler containing the acid-
permanganate solution, and a battery-driven diaphragm pump. Mercury-
containing particles were thus retained on the filter, while mercury vapor
passed through the filter and was trapped in the acid-permanganate solution.
Only mercury trapped in the solution was considered in the calculation of
the average shift exposure.
35
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TABLE 20. CALCULATION OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEEKLY EXPOSURE OF IDRIJA INHABITANTS
Location
Work
II/III
IV
IV
I
I
II/III
I
Home
II/III
II/III
IV
II/III
IV
I
I
Work
0.427x42
0.758x42
0.758x42
2.106x42
2.106x42
0.427x42
2.106x42
Concentration x time,
ygHg/m x hours/week
Home
0.427x105
0.427x105
0.758x105
0.427x105
0.758x105
2.106x105
2.106x105
Town
0.427x14
0.427x14
0.427x14
0.427x14
0.427x14
0.427x14
0.427x14
Recreation
0,014x7
0.014x7
0.014x7
0.014x7
0.014x7
0.014x7
0.014x7
Total
concentration
x
time
66.845
82.747
117.502
139.363
174.118
245.140
315.658
Weighted
average
weekly
exposure
0.410
0.493
0.699
0.830
1.036
1.459
1.879
-------
TABLE 21. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE—PERSONAL SAMPLING, yg Hg/m3
OJ
Activity
Smelting
Auxiliary
activities
Worker' s
code No.
28
122
165
190
93
32
67
170
138
Shift exposure
461
487
540
436
488
147
161
156
201
441
533
585
431
527
124
176
138
166
391
421
479
479
563
134
153
139
191
379
406
451
521
453
151
176
164
171
424
491
497
574
536
165
158
165
174
448
496
524
490
499
138
181
162
194
Average shift
exposure
372
525
484 484
518
574
125 146
170 179 162
149 168
176 178
-------
TABLE 22. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE—PERSONAL SAMPLING, yg Hg/m:
OJ
00
—
Activity
Mining in
strata with
low metallic
mercury
content
— ' —
lining in
strata with
metallic
mercury
Worker' s
code No.
14
78
139
186
107
— -
153
63
189
94
-~~ • ., -_
Shift exposure
301
366
297
306
341
: • — - ,
933
554
950
276
350
269
351
257
668
675
994
686
294
305
362
312
• i - „
1054
771
691
1080
266
332
334
387
282
— — — - i • -.
803
861
624
699
270
334
286
352
306
• i —
693
583
820
646
287
314
273
313
324
— • •-• -— .
1088
804
654
1089
— — - — . ^_
Average shift
exposure
313 297
279 297
309 366 313
371 326
312 269
937
629 807
983
826
-------
It was assumed that by far the greatest proportion of particulate mer-
cury was in the form of sulfide, since cinnabar (HgS) and metallic mercury
are practically the only sources of mercury in Idrija. Because mercury
sulfide is practically insoluble, it is considered unlikely to be resorbed
in the body if inhaled. The filter in the sampling train was therefore
used to exclude mercury-containing particles from the analysis of average
occupational exposure to mercury.
The weekly average weighted exposures were then calculated in the samt
way as the weighted exposures of Idrija inhabitants, taking into account the
average occupational exposure, the exposure at and around home, the exposure
in the town, and the exposure during recreational activities. It was found,
however, that the occupational exposure levels were so much higher than the
total exposure in the course of the remaining 17 hours daily that the latter
can be safely disregarded.
Two calculation examples are presented in Table 23. The first is the
calculation of the weighted weekly exposure of a miner with the highest
average occupational exposure (807 yg/m3) living in district I (with the
highest environmental mercury level of Idrija). The weighted weekly expo-
sure was 203.1 yg/m3. If all other exposure sources are ignored and if
only the occupational exposure is taken into account, his weekly weighted
exposure is 201.8 yg/m3, the difference being only 0.6%—thus undoubtedly
negligible. The other example selected is that of a worker with the lowest
occupational mercury exposure, living in the district with the highest
ambient mercury level. As Table 23 shows, his weekly weighted exposure
is 41.9 yg/m , while his weighted weekly exposure, disregarding all other
exposure sources but the occupational one, is 40.5 yg/m3. The difference
of 3.5% is still negligible considering the variation of the exposures.
Considering it justifiable to disregard mercury exposure received
by occupationally exposed subjects away from work, we have used the weekly
weighted exposures which were calculated only on average occupational ex-
posure as the average exposure of these subjects. Using this method, the
weighted weekly exposures of the four groups were as follows:
Group 1 - 201.8 yg/m3
Group 2 - 78.3 yg/m3
Group 3 - 121.0 yg/m3
Group 4 - 40.5 yg/m3
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
The results of the determination of all biological parameters in each
examinee are presented in Tables B-l through B-4 in the Appendix. Each
examinee has an assigned value of his estimated weekly weighted exposure to
atmospheric mercury. In the case of the inhabitants of the rural areas and
the city of Zagreb, the average environmental exposure level is used as the
weekly exposure. The inhabitants of Idrija without occupational exposure to
mercury are divided into four groups on the basis of their real calculated
weighted weekly exposures as described in the previous discussion of the
exposure of the inhabitants of Idrija. The subjects with occupational
39
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TABLE 23. EXAMPLES OF THE CALCULATION OF WEIGHTED WEEKLY EXPOSURE
Concentration, ugHg/m
Subject Work Home
1 Miner 807 2.106
2 Auxiliary Worker 162 2.106
TTTm j. 807x42+2.106x105-0.427x14+0.014x7 ono ,
WWlil* = -\ r o ~ ^-UJ . J-
loo
r_ 162x42+2.106x105+0.427x14+0.014x7 7n rt
WWE2 16g 41.9
Town Recreation
0.427 0.014
0.427 0.014
Weighted weekly exposure considering occupational exposure only:
807 x 42
_
i =
To
-Lbo
= 201. o
*WWE - weighted weekly exposure.
40
-------
exposure to mercury are divided into four groups of weighted weekly exposures
calculated only on the basis of their occupational exposure as described in
the discussion of the exposure of miners and smelters.
The results of the analyses of blood, serum, and urine are given sepa-
rately. Cholinesterase activity was determined only in a selected number
of blood and plasma samples from the inhabitants of Zagreb and Idrija and
from occupationally exposed examinees, while no estimation of this enzyme
was performed in rural inhabitants.
In 26 Idrija inhabitants it was impossible to calculate a meaningful
weighted weekly exposure because they changed their places of work and/or
places of residence several times in the course of the study.
Correlation Between Mercury -in Blood and Other Biological Parameters
The correlation coefficient R was calculated between the mercury in blood
concentration and the values of each of the measured biological parameters.
The calculation was performed with direct data, but a number of transforma-
tions were also performed in the attempt to linearize the relationships.
Logarithmic transformation was made of the mercury concentration, of other
biological parameters, and of both variables. The inverse values of the
mercury concentration were also considered. In the majority of cases, we
failed to linearize the relationship. Tables 24-27 show the results of the
calculation of the correlation coefficients on the basis of direct and loga-
rithmically transformed variables along with the values of the results of
the analyses of variance (F-test) to test the significance of the linear
relationship.
As can be seen from Table 24, in the group with occupational exposure
to mercury all the correlation coefficients obtained are very low. Within
the occupationally exposed group there seems to be no correlation between the
content of mercury in blood and the values of other biological parameters.
Table 25 gives the results of the calculation of the coefficients of
correlation on data obtained in the inhabitants of Idrija who had no occu-
pational exposure to mercury. The results are presented in the same way as
those in Table 24. The conclusions are practically the same. The corre-
lations between mercury in blood and values of other biological parameters
are low.
The results of the same analyses obtained in the group of Zagreb inhabi-
tants, shown in Table 26, are practically the same except for the values of
the correlation coefficient between plasma cholinesterase and mercury in
blood. The values of this coefficient are between -0.369 and -0.417.
The results obtained in the rural population, presented in Table 27,
show very low values of the coefficient of correlation.
There was no justification for calculating the correlation coefficients
on the basis of all the data because the group means were different. We have,
therefore, calculated the combined coefficients of correlation.25 These cal-
culated values of the combined coefficient of correlation of all the direct
41
-------
TABLE 24. COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
FOR GROUP WITH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
ALAD
ALAD (log)
G-6-PD
G-6-PD (log)
GSH
GSH (log)
Alk. Ph.
Alk. Ph. (log)
GOT
GOT (log)
GPT
GPT (log)
Choi.
Choi, (log)
Co tot
Co tot (log)
Co I
Co I (log)
Ch-Bl
Ch-Bl (log)
Ch-Pl
Ch-Pl (log)
Hg-blood
-0.064
-0.027
0.020
0.026
0.099
0.099
-0.072
-0.064
-0.055
-0.106
0.008
-0.029
0.161
0.168
-0.043
-0.020
-0.066
-0.069
-0.033
-0.019
-0.149
-0.149
F
0.752
0.129
0.089
0.143
2.192
2.202
1.231
0.963
0.693
2.648
0.014
0.182
4.699
5.131
0.429
0.089
0.994
1.108
0.033
0.011
0.703
0.704
Hg-blood
(log)
-0.059
-0.025
0.033
0.038
0.099
0.098
-0.104
-0.095
-0.088
-0.138
-0.028
-0.074
0.112
0.118
-0.001
-0.023
-0.111
-0.105
-0.108
-0.097
-0.190
-0.188
F
0.626
0.114
0.232
0.310
2.242
2.145
2.585
2.133
1.835
4.556
0.180
1.292
2.236
2.477
0.0002
0.119
2.809
2.511
0.354
0.285
1.162
1.140
42
-------
TABLE 25. COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
FOR INHABITANTS OF IDRIJA
ALAD
ALAD (log)
G-6-PD
G-6-PD (log)
GSH
GSH (log)
Alk. Ph.
Alk. Ph. (log)
GOT
GOT (log)
GPT
GPT (log)
Choi.
Choi, (log)
Co tot
Co tot (log)
Co I
Co I (log)
Ch-Bl
Ch-Bl (log)
Ch-Pl
Ch-Pl (log)
Hg-blood
-0.131
-0.101
-0.121
-0.120
0.090
0.099
0.110
0.116
0.280
0.236
0.240
0.241
0.084
0.087
0.114
0.176
-0.223
-0.231
0.236
0.244
0.048
0.047
F
1.895
1.113
2.055
2.020
1.150
1.408
1.679
1.846
11.814
8.206
8.487
8.548
0.983
1.063
2.887
4.341
6.965
7.526
2.292
2.479
0.087
0.085
Hg-blood
(log)
-0.104
-0.091
-0.153
-0.152
0.047
0.055
0.059
0.055
0.256
0.215
0.209
0.213
0.106
0.107
0.135
0.161
-0.250
-0.248
0.130
0.148
-0.101
-0.090
F
1.183
0.894
3.336
3.287
0.304
0.427
0.476
0.414
9.731
6.769
6.345
6.621
1.581
1.602
2.540
3.628
8.872
8.735
0.674
0.744
0.392
0.312
43
-------
TABLE 26. COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
FOR URBAN POPULATION
ALAD
ALAD (log)
G-6-PD
G-6-PD (log)
GSH
GSH (log)
Alk. Ph.
Alk. Ph. (log)
GOT
GOT (log)
GPT
GPT (log)
Choi.
Choi, (log)
Co tot
Co tot (log)
Co I
Co I (log)
Ch-Bl
Ch-Bl (log)
Ch-Pl
Ch-Pl (log)
Hg-blood
-0.231
-0.187
-0.049
-0.029
0.023
0.008
-0.006
-0.024
-0.007
-0.032
0.039
-0.012
-0.125
-0.135
-0.099
-0.080
0.061
0.054
-0.129
-0.130
-0.378
-0.369
F
3.651
2.239
0.251
0.088
0.054
0.006
0.004
0.061
0.006
0.118
0.173
0.0169
1.852
2.224
1.052
0.691
0.400
0.312
0.460
0.467
4.507
4.254
Hg-blood
(log)
-0.213
-0.175
-0.134
-0.113
0.008
-0.008
0.051
0.040
0.017
0.002
0.055
0.018
-0.153
-0.164
-0.048
-0.045
0.073
0.062
-0.191
-0.190
-0.417
-0.405
F
3.075
2.054
1.906
1.363
0.007
0.007
0.295
0.184
0.035
0.0006
0.357
0.038
2.798
3.201
0.248
0.218
0.560
0.410
1.023
1.015
5.696
5.284
44
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TABLE 27. COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION AND ANALYSES OF VARIANCE
FOR RURAL POPULATION
ALAD
ALAD Clog)
G-6-PD
G-6-PD Clog)
GSH
GSH (log)
ALK.Ph.
Alk.Ph. (log)
GOT
GOT (log)
GPT
GPT (log)
Choi.
Choi, (log)
Co tot
Co tot (log)
Co I
Co I (log)
Hg-blood
0.108
0.095
0.220
0.210
-0.078
-0.063
0.181
0.171
-0.134
-0.200
-0.114
-0.123
-0.161
-0.148
0.107
0.129
0.236
0.217
F
1.710
1.324
7.397
6.681
0.885
0.583
4.809
4.297
2.552
5.784
1.872
2.183
3.754
3.155
1.513
2.230
7.843
6.575
Hg-blood
(log)
0.071
0.046
0.192
0.183
-0.118
-0.095
0.159
0.149
-0.169
-0.220
-0.152
-0.161
-0.148
-0.135
0.154
0.167
0.206
0.185
F
0.727
0.302
5.543
5.024
2.049
1.312
3.671
3.227
3.826
7.062
3.403
3.826
3.146
2.609
3.174
3.770
5.898
4.706
45
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TABLE 28. COMBINED COEFFICIENTS OF CORRELATION—ALL DATA
ALAD
ALAD (log)
G-6-PD
G-6-PD (logl
GSH
GSH (log)
Alk.Ph.
Alk.Ph. Clog)
GOT
GOT Clog)
GPT
GPT (log)
Choi.
Choi. Clog)
Co tot
Co tot (log)
Co I
Co I Clogl
Ch-Bl
Ch-Bl (log)
Ch-Pl
Ch-Pl Clog)
Hg-blood
-0.049
-0.025
0.014
0.019
0.053
0.051
-0.021
-0.026
-0.017
-0.062
0.014
-0.004
0.060
0.065
-0.019
0.007
-0.001
-0.017
0.029
0.037
-0.105
-0.098
Hg-blood (log)
-0.058
-0.039
0.020
0.024
-0.011
-0.007
0.025
0.010
-0.016
-0.066
0.001
-0.024
-0.016
-0.013
0.048
0.083
-0.009
-0.023
-0.036
-0.029
-0.223
-0.219
46
-------
and logarithmically transformed results are presented in Table 28. The corre-
lation between the levels of mercury in blood and the levels of all the other
biological parameters calculated in this way are also very low.
Rank Correlation Between Mercury in Blood and Other Biological Parameters
Since the analyses of variance of linear regression of the values of
biological parameters on blood mercury concentrations have shown that in a
considerable proportion of pairs of variables the relationship was not linear,
nonparc.metric statistics were used and Spearman's coefficient of rank corre-
lation was calculated. The obtained values of the coefficient of rank
correlation (R) are presented in Table 29.
The correlations were low again with only a few pairs of variables having
a coefficient above 0.2, while only in one case was the coefficient near 0.4
(mercury in blood and cholinesterase in blood).
TABLE 29. SPEARMAN'S COEFFICIENT OF RANK CORRELATION
BLOOD MERCURY - BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
ALAD
G-6-PD
GSH
ALK.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
R
- 0.084
- 0.202
0.220
- 0.239
- 0.017
0.076
- 0.061
0.291
0.266
0.382
0.212
Kruskal-Wallis Statistic
The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova test was used to compare
the biological variables of the four population groups according to their
different exposure levels to atmospheric mercury. The four groups were
assigned scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4. In Table 30, the values of the Kruskal-
Wallis Test II are given along with the values of the coefficient of rank
correlation R.
The Kruskal-Wallis test is highly significant (P<0.01) for all the
variables, which was to be expected. The obtained values of R are very
low except for cholinesterase (the coefficient was calculated for three
exposure levels only because cholinesterase activity was not assessed in
the rural population), and for total coproporphyrin. A high value of the
coefficient was obtained for mercury in blood, an obvious consequence of
the expected association between the exposure level to mercury and mercury
absorption.
47
-------
TABLE 30. KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST (H) AND RANK CORRELATION (R) FOR
COMPARISON OF THE MERCURY EXPOSURE LEVELS AND
BIOLOGICAL VARIATES
Hg tot
ALAD
G-6-PD
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
H
439.37
13.81
106.48
35.56
60.85
14.49
36.93
53.65
125.20
44.53
27.61
11.01
R
0.793
0.025
- 0.319
0.113
- 0.031
- 0.065
0.105
- 0.069
0.414
- 0.229
0.527
0.323
In order to get a better insight into the differences in biological
parameters between individual population groups, the Kruskal-Wallis
statistics were carried out to test the differences. The calculated values
of the Kruskal-Wallis test H_ are shown in Table 31. The values indicating
insignificant differences are marked by asterisks.
In the majority of cases, the population groups reveal different levels
of the same biological parameter. This difference is particularly pronounced
when comparing the parameters between the group sustaining occupational ex-
posure to mercury with any of the other groups. The least expressed dif-
ferences are between the urban and rural inhabitants and between urban and
Idrija inhabitants. Taking into consideration the differences in the expo-
sure level to mercury of the four population groups, these results are not
surprising.
48
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SECTION 5
DISCUSSION
The present study was undertaken to enlarge the limited amount of data
currently available on the health effects of low-level mercury exposure. The
lack of information in this field has resulted in different threshold limit
values (TLV) being assigned in various countries for occupational mercury
exposure and no recommended standards being promulgated for threshold limits
in the ambient air. A great number of industrialized countries still take
100 yg/m3 as the threshold limit value for occupational exposure to mercury
(Great Britain, Germany, and Yugoslavia), while Eastern European countries
have lower values; the mercury TLV in Czechoslovakia is 50 yg/m3; in Hungary
it is 20 yg/m3, while Poland and the USSR have a TLV as low as 10 Ug/m3. As
mercury is a cumulative poison, its TLV is usually expressed as a time-
weighted average. In the USSR, however, it is expressed as a ceiling value.
The new TLV suggested by the U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health,26 as well as the TLV suggested by the International MAC Committee
in 1969,2l* is 50 yg/m3 for occupational exposure to metallic mercury vapor
and 100 yg/m3 for inorganic mercury.
A significant increase in the frequency of objective tremors was noted
at air levels above 10 yg/m3.2 '28 An increase of nonspecific signs and
symptoms such as loss of appetite, loss of weight, and shyness was reported
at concentrations of 60-100 yg/m3. Psychological disturbances are observed
at air concentrations below 100 yg/m3. 9'30 Kurnosov23 claimed to have de-
tected behavioral changes in rats at concentrations as low as 2-5 yg/m3,
while Armstrong et al. 1 found irreversible behavioral changes in pigeons
only at exposures well above 100 yg/m3. Classical symptoms of metallic
mercury vapor poisoning (objective tremor, psychophysiological disturbances,
gingivitis) were reported to be the consequence of the chronic exposure of
workers to concentrations above 100 yg/m3.32'33
In order to contribute to the assessment of health effects of low-level
exposures to mercury, four groups of subjects were selected: one group was
a sample of the rural population expected to be exposed to very low back-
ground mercury levels; a second group was a sample of the urban population
assumed to be exposed to somewhat higher mercury levels; a third group con-
sisted of inhabitants of a mercury mining and smelting area with known sources
of mercury and, consequently, still higher ambient mercury levels; and,
finally, a fourth group was composed of mercury miners and smelters with
known occupational exposure to mercury vapor and aerosols who also lived in
the same mining area as the third group. The study was meant to cover four
separate groups, each with a different daily intake of mercury. The rural
population was selected among nonfisheaters so as to avoid a higher intake
of methyl mercurials from fish.
49
-------
The four groups proved to be well selected as to their weekly weighted
average exposures to mercury. The weighted weekly average mercury exposure
of the rural group was 0.014 yg/m3; that of the urban group was 0.022 yg/m3;
the weighted exposures of the third group (Idrija inhabitants without occu-
pational mercury exposure) were 0.397-1.879 yg/m3; and the weighted weekly
exposures of the fourth group (with occupational exposure) were 40.500-201.800
yg/m3. The correlation of the exposures of the rural and urban populations
were in good agreement with the few reports obtained on similar measurements
in some other countries. Stock and Cucuel,34 as early as 1934, reported an
average concentration of 0.020 yg/m3 in the general atmosphere. Similar
results were reported in 1967 by Ericksson in Sweden;35 Sergejev found
0.010 yg/m3 in the USSR;36 and Fujimura37 recorded concentrations of 0-0.014
yg/m3 in nonindustrial areas in Japan. McCarthy reported concentrations of
0.002-0.005 yg/m3 in Denver, USA, in 1968,38 and Williston39 recorded
0.0005-0.050 yg/m3 around San Francisco in the same year.
In 1970, McCarthy40 measured ambient mercury concentrations of 0.60-1.50
yg/m3 in areas near mercury mines and refineries, which is a little lower
than the concentrations we measured in the mercury mining area of Idrija.
Our mean annual vapor concentrations were 2.106, 0.489, 0.365, 0.758 yg/m
at the four sampling sites, respectively (Table 18). Only Fernandez et al.1*1
in 1966 reported almost unbelievably high mercury levels of up to 800 yg/m
in the ambient air at Almaden, Spain, the location of Europe's largest
mercury mine.
The correlations between the levels of mercury in the blood and the
eleven biological parameters considered were found to be low regardless of
whether all the individual data or whether data within separate groups were
examined. The correlations were low regardless of the method used for
assessing the correlation level (coefficient of correlation: Tables 24 to
28, nonparametric Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation: Tables 29 and
30). The differences of almost all the values of biological parameters
between individuals were found significant when the group with occupational
exposure to mercury was compared with any of the other groups (Kruskal-Wallis
statistics, Table 31). The differences between other groups were less
apparent.
All the examinees were divided into 10 groups on the basis of their
calculated average weighted weekly exposure to mercury vapor. The contri-
bution of particle-bound mercury to the exposure of the general population was
on the average 1.1%, and it was therefore disregarded. The low contribution
of particulate mercury to the total mercury exposure is in agreement with the
results reported by Heindryckx42 giving evidence that particle-bound mtrcury
accounts for not more than 5% of total mercury. The contribution of particu-
late mercury was also disregarded in the calculation of the average weighted
exposure of the occupationally exposed group. In this case, although the
miners are indeed exposed to significant concentrations of particulate mer-
cury, because the mercury is in the form of highly insoluble cinnabar (HgS),
it has been assumed to be no health hazard. The mean values of all of the
biological parameters of the 10 population groups are presented in Table 32
along with the average weighted weekly exposure of each group to mercury.
50
-------
TABLE 31. KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST FOR TESTING DIFFERENCES OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL
POPULATION GROUPS
Hg-blood
ALAD
G-6-PD
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
R - U
19,682
1.621t
26.192
2.372t
4.645
2.987t
1.345t
38 . 513t
45.421
1.096t
-
—
R -I
53.666
10.738
4.434
7.407
16.785
4.058
6.252
2.320t
57.776
0.013t
-
—
R - 0
262.430
0.095t
40.032
4.535
50.720
0.532t
7.979
14.737
110.340
20.770
-
—
U -I
8.816
3.037t
42.210
0.943t
3. lilt
15.530
15.739
35.222
0.296t
1.261t
10.058
6.831
U - 0
220.010
1.113t
83.888
15.991
20.920
6.026
3.206t
15.212
14.776
33.673
25.403
9.459
I - 0 *
231.000
10.201
15.881
32.872
14.633
2.538t
34.826
7.137
13.962
21.284
7.571
0.838t
* R - rural inhabitants.
U - urban inhabitants.
I - Idrija inhabitants with no occupational exposure_
t Not significant.
-------
TABLE 32. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHTED WEEKLY EXPOSURES Cpg Hg/m3) AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Hg-atm
0.014
0.022
0.397
0.822
1.142
1.879
40.500
78.300
121.000
201.800
Hg-blood
1.22
1.55
2.17
1.78
1.69
1.80
6.04
5.97
8.39
12.21
ALAD
59
64
66
99
107
64
71
63
51
57
G-6-PD
176.2
193.5
164.0
177.0
173.7
167.1
166.1
166.3
167.9
163.5
GSH
36
35
34
35
35
34
38
38
38
39
Alk.Ph.
44.0
37.8
38.7
35.0
36.2
34.9
34.5
31.2
30.8
28.4
GOT
14.7
13.0
12.9
10.4
8.2
9.8
12.6
10.6
11.2
12.9
GPT
5.9
5.3
4.6
4.2
2.8
3.0
6.5
5.2
5.4
6.9
Choi.
230
198
234
221
220
213
209
212
213
217
Co tot
8
12
11
14
11
14
18
17
15
14
Co I
42
43
44
43
42
39
37
36
37
38
Ch-Bl
_
22.8
27.5
25.1
23.8
25.7
27.4
26.1
28.8
25.9
Ch-Pl
_
6.1
7.5
6.9
6.5
7.4
7.8
7.0
7.6
7.1
-------
For quick reference the mean values of the biological parameters in the 10
groups are presented in Figures 7 and 8. It should be emphasized that the
abscissas do not represent the calculated weighted exposures but are equi-
distantly arranged for the rural, the urban, the four subgroups of Idrija
general population, and the four subgroups of workers with occupational
exposure to mercury. Only a few of the examined biological parameters show
a somewhat defined relationship with the level of mercury exposure. There
is an expected increase of mercury in the blood with increasing mercury
exposure, a general increase of cholinesterase both in the blood and plasma,
an increase of total coproporphyrin excretion in urine, and a decrease of
alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Table 33 gives
the values of the nonparametric Spearman's coefficient of correlation cal-
culated between the weighted average weekly exposure to mercury and the mean
values of biological parameters in the 10 groups. As expected, a high
positive correlation was obtained between the exposure level and the level
of mercury in blood. Comparatively high positive coefficients were also
obtained with GSH, total coproporphyrin, and cholinesterase, while compara-
tively high negative coefficients were obtained with alkaline phosphatase,
the coproporphyrin I proportion, and G-6-PD.
Table 34 presents means and standard deviations of biological parameters
in the rural population, the urban population, Idrija general inhabitants,
and the group with occupational exposure. For quick reference the mean values
of all biological parameters in the four population groups of different mercury
exposure levels are shown in Figures 9 and 10. The abscissas do not represent
exposure levels quantitatively; they show only their ranks. There is a logi-
cal rise of mercury in the blood with the increased exposure level, and an
increase of total coproporphyrin and cholinesterase activity both in the
blood and plasma. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreases with the increasing
mercury exposure level, and so do the concentrations of G-6-PD and, generally,
cholesterol. GOT, GPT, and GSH show almost identical trends, decreasing from
the rural over the urban to the Idrija population but increasing in the occu-
pationally exposed group.
As it was difficult to draw definite conclusions as to the changes of
the biological parameters studied in mercury exposure, we have compared the
means of all the biological parameters in the 20% of the subjects having
lowest blood mercury concentrations with the 20% of the subjects having the
highest. The results are shown in Table 35. G-6-PD, alkaline phosphatase,
and the coproporphyrin I proportion are reduced in the group with the higher
blood mercury at the 99% significance level (P<0.01), while total copropor-
phyrin is increased at the same significance level. GSH and blood cholin-
esterase are increased and GOT decreased in the group with the high mercury
level (P<0.05).
Table 36 presents the means of biological parameters in the rural popula-
tion and in the two groups with the highest weighted weekly occupational ex-
posures to mercury. The results of the testing of significance of differences
are practically identical with those obtained in the two groups with the
lowest and the highest blood mercury concentrations. G-6-PD, alkaline phos-
phatase, and the coproporphyrin I proportion are reduced in the groups with
53
-------
1 K
2
8
4
20
16
i«
8
Hg-BLOOD
«
100
w
9 I
,- 80
"8
• . $
60
'.•••••
• > . I 1 1 1 1 1
Co TOTAL
43
.
» 4.
. .
. . 39
. *
.. 37
, i , , i 1 1 1 1 1
A LAD
.
.
.
• • • •
~ • •
•
i ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' '
Co 1
•
• •
• •
-
•
•
• •
•
' ' ' L_l 1 1 1 1— '
42
_38
.E
^34
30
Alk. Ph.
i I I I I ' ' ''
R I, I3 O,
U I2 '4
240h
I
° 220
200
Choi.
O4
04
Figure 7. Values of biological parameters in the ten population groups.
54
-------
GOT
14
12
GPT
7
E
I I I I I III li
200
UJ
I
§ 180
a
160
u-o-ru
39
- *
_ 37
* . • **
•
111111 1 1 1 1
uon
• • •
...
1 l 1 I 1 III II
Ch-BI
Ch-PI
30
AE/min/ml
N 10
O) 00
24
8
• i 7
111
. 6
i i i i i i l 1 i |
_
.
.
. •
i l l i i i i i i i
R I, la Q! 03
U I, I4 02 O.,
la Oi O3
I4 02 04
Figure 8. Values of biological parameters in the ten population groups.
55
-------
Hg-BLOOD
I 6
o
o
I 4
16 I
14
I
§ 12
i
10
8
45
- 40 |
!35l
ro
Co TOTAL
Alk. Ph.
90
1 80
E
1™
60
44
42
6? 40
38
36
230
I 220
o
o
^210
200
ALAD
•
_
-
•
•
•
i I i 1
Col
0
• •
-
-
•
| 1 i i
Choi.
•
•
•
•
III,
R u i o
Figure 9. Values of biological parameters in the four population groups.
56
-------
15
14
,3
12
11
200
ui
E 190
§
1 180
3
170
28
26
UJ
< 24
22
GOT
GPT
j i
G-6-PD
Ch-BI
E
D
38
34
E
e 7
GSH
Ch-PI
R U I
Figure 10. Values of biological parameters in the four population groups.
57
-------
TABLE 33. COEFFICIENTS OF RANK CORRELATION BETWEEN WEIGHTED
WEEKLY EXPOSURES AND GROUP MEANS OF BIOLOGICAL
PARAMETERS IN POPULATION GROUPS EXPOSED TO TEN
DIFFERENT MERCURY EXPOSURE LEVELS
Biological
parameter
Hg-blood
ALAD
G-6-P D
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
Spearman' s
coefficient
0.915
-0.274
-0.612
0.639
-0.976
-0.353
0.297
-0.353
0.533
-0.789
0.500
0.467
58
-------
TABLE 34. MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FOUR POPULATION GROUPS OF
DIFFERENT EXPOSURE LEVELS
Ul
Bilogical
parameter
Hg-blood
ALAD
G-6-PH
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
Rural population
X s N
1.20
59
176.22
36
44.0
14.7
5.9
230
8
42
0.80
31
23.3
9
8.6
13.4
8.5
46
4
12
141
140
142
142
138
142
142
140
131
131
Urban population
X s N
1.55
64
193.5
35
37.8
13.0
5.3
198
13
43
22.8
6.1
0.75
30
25.7
6
14.3
7.0
6.0
32
6
10
3.4
1.9
118
68
108
108
118
118
118
118
110
107
30
30
Idrija
X
2.00
68
174.5
34
36.7
10.4
3.8
223
13
42
25.9
7.1
inhabitants
s N
1.31
66
20.6
6
16.1
6.3
4.2
33
9
11
3.5
1.4
142
117
150
150
148
148
148
141
150
145
41
40
Subjects
X
7.34
61
166.1
38
37.7
12.0
6.2
212
16
37
28.3
7.5
with occupational
exposure
s N
4.07
32
21.4
6
11.5
8.6
6.5
31
8
10
3.5
1.6
237
183
223
227
237
237
237
179
234
231
32
33
-------
TABLE 35. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN
SUBJECTS WITH THE 20% LOWEST AND 20% HIGHEST BLOOD
MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS
Biological
parameter
Hg-blood
ALAD
G-6-PD
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
Ch-Bl
Ch-Pl
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
Low
exposure
0.71
0.22
64
37
182.2
24.2
37
7
39.9
15.4
13.3
9.3
4.9
5.6
221
42
10
6
41
11
24.6
3.6
7.4
1.8
High
exposure
9.87
4.32
60
32
166 . 8
19.1
39
6
30.5
11.0
10.9
7.1
5.7
5.6
212
32
16
7
36
11
28.1
2.7
8,1
1.6
t P
23.87 < 0.01
0.85 > 0.05
5.50 < 0.01
2.38 < 0.05
5.59 < 0.01
2.31 < 0.05
1.14 > 0.05
1.84 > 0.05
7. £4 < 0.01
4.22 < 0.01
2.64 < 0.05
1.01 > 0.05
60
-------
TABLE 36. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN
RURAL POPULATION AND TWO GROUPS WITH HIGHEST
WEIGHTED WEEKLY EXPOSURES TO MERCURY
Biological
parameter
Hg-blood
ALAD
G-6-PD
GSH
Alk.Ph.
GOT
GPT
Choi.
Co tot
Co I
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
X
s
Rural
population
1.22
0.77
59
31
176.2
23.3
36
9
44.0
18.6
14.7
13.9
5.9
8.5
230
46
8
4
42
12
Highest
WWE t
Q Q1
87 45
5.07 a/>"
54 . ..
26 ^
166.2
19.3
3« 1.96
o
90 Q
lo.'i 7'30
^ -"
?:§ °-10
^ 2.69
^ 9.35
D
11 3'°4
P
< 0.01
> 0.05
< 0.01
> 0.05
< 0.01
< 0.05
> 0.05
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
61
-------
the higher mercury exposure at the 99% significance level, while GOT is
decreased at the 95% significance level. Total coproporphyrin is signifi-
cantly increased (P<0.01). In this case, cholesterol is decreased (P<0.01)
in the group with the high mercury exposure.
It is difficult to draw definite conclusions from the obtained results.
In the range of exposure levels and in the range of consequent blood mercury
levels, no convincing correlation could be established between mercury ex-
posure and/or absorption and any of the biological parameters studied, at
least on an individual basis. Correlations are more convincing on the group
basis as can be seen, for instance, from Table 33. The hypothesis that
mercury may deactivate the activity of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydra-
tase with consequent higher coproporphyrin excretion does not seem to have
been proved. No meaningful relationship between the exposure level to
mercury or mercury blood level and activity of delta-amino levulinic acid
dehydratase was observed.
High lipid solubility of mercury vapor causes a high rate of absorption
in the alveolar region of the lung, as reported by several authors.
Nordberg and Skerfving"7 calculated that the distribution of mercury vapor
between air and body tissues is 1:20. On this basis one would expect a
practically total retention of inhaled mercury. Considering the physio-
logical dead space, 20% of the inhaled vapor would be exhaled which would
give a final retention of 80% of the total amount of inhaled mercury vapor.
This was confirmed by experiments of Teisinger and Fischerova-Bergerova
and Kudsk.1*9 Adverse effects of occupational mercury exposure can be ex-
pected at indoor concentrations above 50 yg/m3 . Assuming an average pul-
monary ventilation at work of 10 m3/day and 225 working shifts per year, one
can calculate an average daily intake of 246.4 yg/day (50x10x0.8x225 ^ 365 =
246.4). Approximately the same daily intake of mercury would be the conse-
quence of the exposure of an average subject without occupational exposure
to mercury who would be exposed to an average ambient mercury concentration
of 15 yg/m3 under the assumption that his average pulmonary ventilation is
20 m3/day (15x20x0.8 = 240). There is practically no information on the
pulmonary retention of mercury aerosols. Morrow et al. performed experi-
ments on dogs but only with very small particles of mercuric oxides. No
information is available on the pulmonary retention of highly insoluble
sulfides.
The exposure level of our rural and urban population, as well as that
of the Idrija inhabitants without occupational exposure, were well below
the concentration of 15 yg/m3 (Table 32) . The highest weighted weekly jx-
posure was 1.879 yg/m3 in the fourth subgroup of Idrija inhabitants. Much
higher exposure levels were those of the occupationally exposed subjects of
whom three subgroups had weighted weekly exposures above 50 Vg/m3. Sur-
prisingly enough, the blood mercury levels in all our groups were low,
particularly so compared with the 60 yg/100 ml mercury content of the blood
of Swedish fisheaters reported by Skerfving51 or even with the levels of
fishermen from Samoa island for whom Clarkson et al. reported mercury blood
contents up to 15 yg/100 ml.52 In neither of the two fisheating population
groups were signs or symptoms of even mild mercury intoxication or any
psychological or neurological disturbances recorded. The highest mean
62
-------
mercury level in the blood of our examinees was 12.21 yg/100 ml in the group
with the highest occupational exposure to mercury. Out of a total of 638
examinees only 39% had blood levels above 3 yg/100 ml, which was suggested
as the maximum normal limit by the International Study Group on Normal Values
of Some Metals in 1965,53 while only 1.1% had blood levels above 15 yg/100 ml.
In the group with occupational exposure, however, 96.2% of results were above
3 yg/100 ml blood, and 3.0% were above 15 yg/100 ml.
Summarizing the results of all the statistical tests performed on ovr
findings, it may be tentatively concluded that mercury exposure is likely
to induce changes in the activity of cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase,
and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and also to cause changes in the
concentration of coproporphyrin and probably glutathione.
The relationships are not well defined on the basis of individual results.
On a group basis, there is a trend toward a higher coproporphyrin excretion
(more pronounced in coproporphyrin III) and a higher activity of cholinesterase
both in whole blood and plasma with increasing mercury levels. There is a
definite trend toward a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and glucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase with the increasing mercury level. It must be
emphasized, however, that in spite of these changes found in groups with a
higher mercury level, practically all biological parameters still remained
within normal limits.
63
-------
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66
-------
APPENDIX A
DATA ON MERCURY IN AIR
67
-------
00
|
0.060
0.036
0.024
0.012
0.006
LOCATION I
A WINTER
• SPRING
-K SUMMER
O AUTUMN
0.1
20 50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95
99
99.9
Figure A-1. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - rural area.
-------
0.060
0.036
0.024
I
0.012
0.006
LOCATION II
A WINTER
•* SPRING
-K SUMMER
O AUTUMN
0.1
20
50
PROBABILITY %
80 90
96
99
99.9
Figure A-2. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - rural area.
-------
0.400
0.200
0.140
0.080
0.040
0.020
0.014 -
LOCATION I
A WINTER
• SPRING
-K SUMMER
O AUTUMN
0.1
20 50 80
PROBABILITY %
90 95
99
99.9
Figure A-3. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air • Zagreb area.
-------
a
0.080
0.040
0.028
0.016
.0.008
0.004
LOCATION 11
A WINTER
• SPRING
* SUMMER
O AUTUMN
I
0.1
20 50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95
99
99.9
Figure A-4. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
-------
0.080
0.048
0.032
E
•a
3.
0.016
0.008
LOCATION III
A WINTER
0 SPRING
Jf SUMMER
O AUTUMN
J_
J L
0.1
20
50
PROBABILITY '
80 90 95
99 99.5
Figure A-5. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
-------
OO
0.050
0.035
0.020
I
1
0.010
0.005
LOCATION IV
A WINTER
O AUTUMN
0.1
20
50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95 99
PROBABILITY %
99.9
Figure A-6. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
-------
99
95
90
80
50
O
oc
0.
LOCATION IV
• SPRING
0.0
0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.020
14) Hg/m"
Figure A-7. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Zagreb area.
74
-------
•3s
10.0
8.0
5.0
3.0 l
2.0
1.0
LOCATION I
A WINTER
0 SPRING
* SUMMER
O AUTUMN
0.1
20 50 80 90 95
PROBABILITY %
99 99.9
Figure A-8. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Idrija area.
-------
3
3.00 h
1.50
050
0.60
0.30
0.18
LOCATION II
A WINTER
0 SPRING
#• SUMMER
AUTUMN
_L
_1_
_L
0.1
20
50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95
99
993
Figure A-9. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Idrija area.
-------
3.00
2.00
1.00
I
a
0.50
0.25
0.15
LOCATION III
A WINTER
• SPRING
* SUMMER
O AUTUMN
J_
J L
0.1
20 50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95
99
99.9
Figure A-10. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Idrija area.
-------
00
3.00
1.50
0.90
X
0.60
0.30
LOCATION IV
4 SPRING
Jf SUMMER
O AUTUMN
0.18
I
I
0.1
20 50
PROBABILITY %
80 90 95 99 99.9
Figure A-11. Seasonal cumulative frequency distribution of mercury in air - Idrija area.
-------
TABLE A-l. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Dec. 1972
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
18/19
19/20
20/21
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.018
0.004
0.008
0.019
0.014
0.012
0.005
0.013
0.007
0.011
0.009
0.011
0.010
0.019
0.004
II
0.019
0.018
0.023
0.019
0.031
0.017
0.012
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.016
0.009
0.016
0.031
0.008
79
-------
TABLE A-2. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Jan. 1973
1/2
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.022
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.009
0.012
0.026
0.031
0.026
0.027
0.028
0.020
0.031
0.009
II
0.041
0.040
0.034
0.038
0.018
0.002
0.003
0.009
0.009
0.013
0.015
0.011
0.008
0.010
0.010
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.010
0.015
0.041
0.002
80
-------
TABLE A-3. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Feb. 1973
>/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I II
0.014 0.020
0.002 0.016
0.002 0.010
0.014 0.010
0.011 0.008
0.007
°-009 0.011
0.014
0.014
0.017
0.013
0.015
0.008
0.006
0.008 0.012
0.014 0.020
0.002 0.006
81
-------
TABLE A-4. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA,
Date
Mar. 1973
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.003
II
0.010
0.013
0.021
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.016
0.018
0.012
0.010
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.012
0.021
0.007
82
-------
TABLE A-5. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Apr. 1973
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.012
0.019
0.004
0.021
0.009
0.011
0.017
0.014
0.008
0.008
0.010
0.013
0.012
0.021
0.004
II
0.008
0.014
0.003
0.005
0.009
0.014
0.017
0.015
0.012
0.010
0.006
0.007
0.010
0.017
0.003
83
-------
TABLE A-6. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, pg/m3
Date
May 1973
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.026
0.019
0.014
0.007
0.013
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.001
0.006
0.003
0.009
0.026
0.001
II
0.022
0.018
0.016
0.019
0.025
0.022
0.009
0.006
0.011
0.008
0.009
0.013
0.010
0.014
0.025
0.006
84
-------
TABLE A-7. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, pg/ra3
Date
June 1973
b/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.025
0.017
0.012
0.013
0.010
0.014
0.007
0.040
0.013
0.011
0.019
0.016
0.040
0.007
II
0.032
0.027
0.019
0.012
0.011
0.007
0.015
0.011
0.010
0.013
0.009
0.010
0.015
0.032
0.007
85
-------
TABLE A-8. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
July 1973
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.011
0.007
0.014
0.008
0.022
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.005
0.020
0.021
0.018
0.012
0.022
0.005
II
0.007
0.008
0.014
0.014
0.019
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.014
0.009
0.008
0.005
0.013
0.025
0.005
86
-------
TABLE A-9. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Aug. 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.006
0.012
0.008
0.004
0.020
0.013
0.022
0.019
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.026
0.012
0.026
0.004
II
0.005
0.008
0.009
0.007
0.016
0.019
0.023
0.022
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.008
0.013
0.023
0.005
87
-------
TABLE A-10. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Sept. 1973
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.010
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.013
0.009
0.016
0.014
0.008
0.009
0.012
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.016
0.007
II
0.006
0.008
0.008
0.018
0.020
0.021
0.014
0.011
0.007
0.018
0.009
0.006
0.012
0.021
0.006
-------
TABLE A-ll. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Oct. 1973
30/1
1/2
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.041
0.011
0.026
0.009
0.010
0.004
0.009
0.007
0.009
0.005
0.008
0.012
0.005
0.006
0.012
0.041
0.004
II
0.033
0.040
0.026
0.017
0.012
0.009
0.008
0.012
0.010
0.009
0.007
0.010
0.016
0.040
0.007
89
-------
TABLE A-12. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN RURAL AREA, yg/m3
Date
Nov. 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I II
0.011
0.008
0.015
0.013
0.009
0.012
0.026 0.019
0.023 0.024
0.020 0.031
0.027 0.042
0.028
0.046
0.028 0.018
0.046 0.042
0.020 0.008
90
-------
TABLE A-13. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION
IN ZAGREB, yg/m3
Date
Dec. 1972
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.018
0.012
0.018
0.011
0.007
0.026
0.023
0.011
0.007
0.008
0.013
0.014
0.026
0.007
I
0.011
0.001
0.039
0.016
0.003
0.014
0.001
0.011
0.021
0.013
0.039
0.001
III
0.130
0.082
0.018
0.048
0.034
0.047
0.016
0.005
0.012
0.024
0.025
0.011
0.014
0.035
0.130
0.005
IV
0.013
0.021
0.064
0.017
0.012
0.012
0.015
0.005
0.005
0.014
0.003
0.007
0.038
0.017
0.064
0.003
91
-------
TABLE A-14. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Ug/m3
Date
Jan. 1973
2/4
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
.012
.012
.010
.007
-
.010
.014
.016
.012
.011
.016
.007
II
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
016
002
013
Oil
008
004
057
065
-
022
065
002
III
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
010
013
002
019
058
022
019
030
024
048
028
027
040
026
058
002
IV
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
008
Oil
001
012
-
008
005
021
058
032
035
017
026
026
020
058
001
92
-------
TABLE A-15. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB.
yg/m3
Date
Feb. 1973
o/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.025
0.041
0.030
0.036
0.033
0.001
0.033
0.030
0.014
0.023
0.027
0.041
0.001
II
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.013
0.023
0.001
0.027
0.015
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.027
0.001
III
0.039
0.046
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.026
0.001
0.043
0.018
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.020
0.046
0.001
IV
0.023
0.013
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.010
0.004
0.010
0.016
0.009
-
0.011
0.023
0.004
93
-------
TABLE A-16. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Ug/m3
Date
Mar. 1973
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Location
I II
0.003
0.010
0.011
0.007
0.015
0.004
0.002
0.020
0.009
0.013
0.009
0.020
0.002
III
0.009
0.006
0.009
0.010
0.015
0.013
0.018
0.093
0.024
0.002
0.019
0.015
0.019
0.013
0.018
0.093
0.002
IV
0.010
0.012
0.010
0.018
0.001
0.011
0.010
0.018
0.001
94
-------
TABLE A-17- ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Pg/m3
Date
Apr. 1973
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.017
0.020
0.019
0.013
0.026
0.019
0.008
0.007
0.028
0.017
0.028
0.007
II
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.013
0.003
0.013
0.001
0.012
0.012
0.008
0.013
0.001
III
0.022
0.001
0.019
0.012
0.016
0.019
0.019
0.027
0.019
0.007
0.014
0.013
0.021
0.007
0.015
0.027
0.001
IV
0.019
0.007
0.010
0.011
0.005
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.007
0.012
0.015
0.012
0.010
0.010
0.019
0.005
95
-------
TABLE A-18. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
May 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I II
°-°89 0.003
0.172 0.029
0.115 0.007
°'°37 0.004
-
0.017
0.032
0.030 0.013
0.009
°'°15 0.014
0.062 0.013
0.074 0.014
0.172 0.032
0.015 0.003
III
0.004
0.014
0.002
0.002
0.028
0.013
0.025
0.010
0.019
0.001
0.007
0.006
0.026
0.012
0.028
0.001
IV
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.011
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
0.009
0.011
0.008
96
-------
TABLE A-19. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
June 1973
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.240
0.156
0.249
0.071
0.135
0.240
0.239
0.102
0.047
0.099
0.158
0.249
0.047
II
0.024
0.014
0.021
0.010
0.031
0.003
0.020
0.008
0.007
0.020
0.016
0.031
0.003
III
0.023
0.020
0.015
0.018
0.017
0.022
0.017
0.009
0.012
0.013
0.012
0.021
0.013
0.014
0.016
0.023
0.009
IV
0.018
0.009
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.008
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.017
0.013
0.018
0.008
97
-------
TABLE A-20. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
July 1973
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.367
0.186
0.052
0.120
0.043
0.030
0.017
0.029
0.047
0.099
0.367
0.017
II
0.022
0.002
0.018
0.006
0.029
0.008
0.013
0.018
0.014
0.014
0.029
0.002
III
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.014
0.007
0.018
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.003
0.012
0.010
0.018
0.003
IV
0.001
0.009
0.008
0.001
0.007
-
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.012
0.007
0.012
0.001
98
-------
TABLE A-21. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
Aug. 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
0.113
0.081
0.037
0.115
0.087
0.069
0.134
0.092
0.037
0.026
0.079
0.134
0.026
Location
II
0.001
0.008
0.013
0.023
0.007
0.012
0.003
0.008
0.030
0.024
0.013
0.030
0.001
III IV
0.014
0.006
0.007
0.002
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.002
0.009
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.014
0.002
99
-------
TABLE A-22. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
Pg/rn3
Date
Sept. 1973
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.043
0.035
0.047
0.035
0.134
0.021
0.020
0.016
0.016
0.022
0.039
0.134
0.016
II
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.023
0.009
0.013
0.010
0.018
0.024
0.018
0.012
0.024
0.001
III
0.012
0.011
0.013
0.014
0.009
0.016
0.008
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.011
0.016
0.007
IV
0.001
0.008
0.001
0.001
0.010
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.002
0.010
0.015
0.016
0.010
0.010
0.007
0.016
0.001
100
-------
TABLE A-23. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
Oct. 1973
1/2
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.033
0.019
0.029
0.020
0.093
0.018
0.045
0.062
0.034
0.039
0.093
0.018
II
0.008
0.002
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.022
0.008
0.001
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.022
0.001
III
0.009
0.016
0.007
0.007
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.013
0.006
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.007
0.007
0.016
0.001
IV
0.001
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.001
0.007
0.014
0.010
0.005
0.017
0.009
0.012
0.007
0.008
0.017
0.001
101
-------
TABLE A-24. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN ZAGREB,
yg/m3
Date
Nov. 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
0.035
0.018
0.020
0.019
0.016
0.021
0.020
0.011
0.014
0.010
0.018
0.035
0.010
Location
II III
0.017
0.008
0.005 0.021
0.049 0.050
0.008 0.041
0.029
0.012 0.028
0.023
0.017 0.032
0.049 0.050
0.005 0.021
IV
0.006
0.024
0.027
0.024
0.018
0.030
0.021
0.030
0.006
102
-------
TABLE A-25. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN IDRIJA,
ug/m3
Date
Dec. 1971
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
0.187
0.268
0.750
2.337
0.341
0.315
0.183
0.316
6.655
3.787
1.514
6.655
0.187
Location
II
0.369
0.444
0.387
1.019
0.126
0.290
0.185
0.215
2.081
1.238
0.635
2.081
0.126
III
0.287
0.424
0.600
0.484
0.396
0.113
0.221
0.195
1.865
1.266
0.585
1.865
0.113
103
-------
TABLE A-26. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATLON IN
IDRIJA, 1-lg/m3
Date
Dec. 1971
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
0.013
0.017
0.016
0.026
0.012
0.006
0.002
0.011
0.063
0.016
0.018
0.063
0.002
Location
II
0.011
0.007
0.013
0.011
-
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.015
0.138
0.022
0.138
0.001
III
0.005
0.022
0.006
0.010
0.038
0.007
0.004
0.006
0.024
0.008
0.013
0.038
0.004
104
-------
TABLE A-27. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Jan. 1972
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
0.551
1.457
3.367
8.788
6.537
0.128
0.161
1.091
0.077
0.092
2.224
8.788
0.077
Location
II
0.163
0.604
0.761
2.732
2.946
0.109
0.114
0.398
0.093
0.074
0.799
2.946
0.074
III
0.138
0.240
0.661
2.547
2.837
0.086
0.074
0.115
0.051
0.068
0.681
2.837
0.051
105
-------
TABLE A-28. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Jan. 1972
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean.
Max.
Min.
I
0.038
0.005
0.010
0.034
0.017
0.007
0.010
0.009
0.005
0.008
0.014
0.038
0.005
Location
II
0.002
0.002
0.016
0.021
0.024
0.023
0.005
0.006
0.009
0.002
0.011
0.024
0.002
III
_
0.003
0.003
0.027
0.019
0.012
0.009
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.010
0.027
0.003
106
-------
TABLE A-29. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Feb. 1972
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.093
0.108
0.125
1.040
5 . 881
4.826
5.089
0.377
1.980
2.204
0.988
0.878
4.928
2.386
2.302
4.777
1.688
1.136
1.109
2.206
5.881
0.093
II
0.105
0.092
0.169
0.166
3.930
1.933
1.838
0.283
1.396
1.535
0.679
0.296
0.354
0.191
0.706
2.362
1.047
0.506
0.326
0.943
3.930
0.092
III
0.092
0.092
0.102
0.121
2.897
1.441
1.481
0.197
0.967
1.006
0.476
0.173
0.214
0.171
0.350
2.116
0.938
0.315
0.274
0.706
2.897
0.092
IV
0.104
0.107
0.104
0.149
4.150
2.659
2.318
0.447
1.539
2.144
0.391
0.261
0.496
0.260
1.084
2.326
1.319
0.453
0.334
1.087
4.150
0.104
107
-------
TABLE A-30. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Feb. 1972
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.003
0.004
0.008
0.006
0.026
0.004
0.015
0.001
0.028
0.019
0.006
0.005
0.010
0.012
0.005
0.020
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.010
0.028
0.001
II
0.004
-
-
-
0.014
0.007
0.007
0.002
0.013
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.001
0.005
0.006
0.014
0.001
III
0.002
-
0.003
0.005
0.013
0.009
0.009
-
0.009
0.011
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.010
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.013
0.002
IV
0.003
0.065
0.001
0.052
0.009
0.006
0.001
0.007
0.023
0.003
0.002
0.006
0.003
0.007
0.010
0.013
0.002
0.002
0.012
0.065
0.001
108
-------
TABLE A-31. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Mar. 1972
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.740
1.225
1.074
0.126
0.278
0.701
0.731
0.697
0.954
1.689
0.821
1.689
0.126
II
0.538
0.433
0.221
0.041
0.042
0.215
0.236
0.165
0.248
0.477
0.261
0.538
0.041
III
0.402
0.589
0.182
0.006
0.039
0.168
0.181
0.152
0.189
0.150
0.205
0.589
0.006
IV
0.289
0.580
0.486
0.042
0.033
0.153
0.107
0.098
0.126
0.222
0.213
0.580
0.033
109
-------
TABLE A-32. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Mar. 1972
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.020
0.017
0.010
0.011
0.015
0.024
0.038
0.031
0.027
0.025
0.022
0.038
0.010
II
0.010
0.004
0.008
0.003
0.004
0.010
0.009
0.011
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.011
0.003
III
0.011
0.011
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.005
0.002
0.007
0.006
0.002
0.006
0.011
0.002
IV
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.003
-
0.005
0.008
0.003
110
-------
TABLE A-33. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Apr. 1972
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
1.152
1.574
1.837
2.387
0.103
1.184
2.250
1.802
2.751
2.983
1.800
2.983
0.103
II
0.198
0.401
0.460
0.220
0.351
0.300
0.523
0.284
0.472
0.392
0.360
0.523
0.283
III
0.192
0.230
0.220
0.263
0.105
0.260
0.284
0.142
0.420
0.333
0.244
0.420
0.105
IV
0.112
0.158
0.267
0.207
0.055
0.300
0.572
0.222
0.484
0.751
0.312
0.751
0.055
111
-------
TABLE A-34. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Apr. 1972
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
0.018
0.019
0.046
0.032
0.010
0.020
0.028
0.016
0.018
0.032
0.024
0.046
0.010
II
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.005
0.012
0.015
0.020
0.010
0.080
0.019
0.019
0.080
0.005
III
0.008
0.002
0.005
0.008
0.003
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.007
0.007
0.012
0.002
IV
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.003
-
0.009
0.013
0.008
0.023
0.019
0.009
0.023
0.002
112
-------
TABLE A-35. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
May 1972
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
3.127
2.715
2.410
1.833
0.986
0.789
1.245
2.056
1.354
1.715
3.237
5.724
2.270
5.724
0.789
II
0.812
0.655
0.461
0.312
0.257
0.188
0.245
0.287
0.243
0.314
0.378
0.491
0.387
0.812
0.188
III
0.205
0.083
0.184
0.196
0.232
0.147
1.179
0.258
0.246
0.169
0.245
0.279
0.202
0.279
0.083
IV
0.637
0.442
0.494
0.431
0.218
0.193
0.237
0.276
0.448
0.535
0.914
1.212
0.503
1.212
0.193
113
-------
TABLE A-36. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Location
May 1972
II
III
IV
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
0.012 0.009 0.007 0.001
0.021 0.008 0.007 0.013
114
-------
TABLE A-37. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
June 1972
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
29/30
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
6.581
4.884
1.041
3.200
4.562
3.147
2.547
2.732
3.475
0.918
1.358
2.286
1.615
2.705
4.122
2.468
4.248
3.440
-
2.509
2.027
3.003
1.831
2.940
6.581
0.918
II
0.966
0.142
0.128
0.606
1.772
1.066
0.728
0.546
0.353
0.179
0.193
0.633
0.165
0.182
0.637
0.550
0.221
0.221
0.748
-
0.429
0.659
0.366
0.522
1.772
0.128
III
0.090
0.087
0.102
0.218
1.916
0.596
0.489
0.328
0.216
0.126
-
0.335
0.069
0.177
0.034
0.196
0.102
0.132
0.394
0.030
0.218
0.361
0.254
0.294
1.916
0.034
IV
2.617
0.864
0.515
2.225
4.237
1.984
1.857
1.101
-
0.363
1.000
0.729
0.238
0.360
0.917
0.837
0.784
0.405
1.253
-
0.413
0.450
0.678
1.134
4.237
0.237
115
-------
TABLE A-38. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
June 1972
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
29/30
Mean.
Max.
Min.
Location
I II III IV
0.017 0.004 0.002 0.006
0.023 0.006 0.005 0.028
0.033 0.001 0.002 0.006
0.018 0.004 0.001 0.008
0.007 0.002 0.006
0.020 0.003 0.002 0.012
0.033 0.006 0.005 0.028
0.007 0.001 0.001 0.006
116
-------
TABLE A-39. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
July 1972
3/4
4.5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
1.900
-
3.714
3.491
3.619
3.851
4.640
4.730
3.652
3.220
4.571
3.862
3.750
4.730
1.900
II
0.259
0.261
0.422
0.560
0.712
0.742
1.475
1.120
0.700
0.682
0.963
1.273
0.764
1.475
0.261
III
0.155
0.121
0.215
0.197
0.027
0.260
0.464
0.521
0.482
0.214
0.350
0.284
0.274
0.521
0.027
IV
0.512*
0.254t
0.595
1.248
1.194
1.040
1.871
0.970
1.632
1.171
2.351
1.454
1.191
2.351
0.254
* 2-day sample: June 30/July 1.
t 5-day sample: July 1/5.
117
-------
TABLE A-40. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Location
July 1972
II
III
IV
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
18/19
0.007 0.003 0.005 0.002
0.013 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.012 0.005 0.005 0.004
118
-------
TABLE A-41. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Aug. 1972
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
1.448
2.276
6.104
4.797
1.844
1.029
1.728
3.916
0.568
4.324
2.803
6.104
0.568
II
0.397
0.329
0.466
0.704
0.322
0.246
0.414
0.411
-
0.714
0.400
0.714
0.246
III
0.220
0.188
0.255
0.440
0.186
0.447
0.154
0.159
0.093
0.129
0.227
0.447
0.093
IV
0.503
0.509
0.817
1.667
0.786
0.242
0.466
1.359
0.271
0.504
0.712
1.667
0.271
119
-------
TABLE A-42. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Location
Aug. 1972
II
III
IV
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
0.007 0.002 0.008 0.002
0.048 0.006 0.005 0.015
120
-------
TABLE A-43. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Sept. 1972
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
1.187
2.506
1.781
0.654
0.372
0.702
1.150
1.403
5.043
1.269
1.606
5.043
0.372
II
0.094
0.558
0.183
0.118
0.143
0.220
0.316
0.339
0.816
0.380
0.322
0.816
0.094
III
0.062
0.185
0.135
0.084
0.092
0.120
0.169
0.193
0.247
0.225
0.151
0.247
0.062
IV
0.157
0.237
0.355
0.183
0.079
0.135
0.390
0.364
1.560
0.364
0.382
1.560
0.079
121
-------
TABLE A-44. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Location
Sept. 1972
II III
IV
13/14
14/15
15/16
16/17
17/18
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
0.008 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.012 0.003 0.002 0.004
122
-------
TABLE A-45. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Oct. 1972
1/2
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
1.308
0.465
2.020
1.522
0.575
1.914
1.547
1.266
1.727
3.606
1.595
3.606
0.465
II
0.158
0.361
0.308
0.243
0.357
0.404
0.209
0.543
1.079
0.407
1.079
0.158
III
0.195
0.104
0.246
0.150
0.166
0.261
0.293
0.140
0.336
0.611
0.250
0.611
0.104
IV
0.363
0.147
0.139
0.201
0.198
0.428
0.538
0.275
0.554
1.886
0.491
1.886
0.147
123
-------
TABLE A-46. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Location
Oct. 1972
1/2
2/3
3/4
4/5
5/6
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
I II III IV
0.007 0.001 0.001 0.002
0.006 0.003 0.004 0.001
0.007 0.002 0.003 0.002
0.007 0.003 0.004 0.002
0.007 0.003 0.004 0.002
124
-------
TABLE A-47. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Nov. 1972
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
9/10
16/17
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
2.195
2.899
1.403
3.738
2.463
3.667
2.046
0.231
1.207
2.064
2.819
1.495
2.147
3.738
0.231
Location
II III
0.453 0.296
0.542 0.308
0.428 0.382
0.640 0.543
0.690 0.694
0.890
0.337
0.125
0.394
1;040
0.534
0.437
0.518 0.394
1.040 0.649
0.125 0.186
IV
0.807
1.011
0.848
1.141
0.615
0.839
1.141
0.612
125
-------
TABLE A-48. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Location
Nov. 1972
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
16/17
17/18
18/19
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
Mean
Max.
Min.
I II III IV
0.030 0.002 0.002 0.002
0.026 0.004
0.040 0.006
0.032 0.004 0.002 0.002
0.040 0.006 0.002 0.002
0.026 0.002 0.002 0.002
126
-------
TABLE A-49. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Dec. 1972
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I
a b
3.178
5.487 °'013
1.157
0.684
0.205 0.004
0.388
2.512
2.486
0.402 °-°°7
0.359
1.293
0.524 0.005
2.043
—
1.594
5.487
0.205
II
a
1.857
0.377
0.241
0.184
0.076
0.071
0.017
0.147
0.086
0.038
0.127
0.117
0.312
0.647
0.307
1.857
0.017
b
0.004
0.001
0.002
0.004
127
-------
TABLE A-50. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Jan. 1973
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
1.924
6.782
0.722
0.324
0.198
0.181
0.291
3.438
3.289
1.019
2.582
0.359
4.476
0.273
1.847
6.782
0.181
Location
II
b a
0.248
0.102
°-°15 0.122
0.258
0.027
0.003 0.051
0.057
1.945
1.318
°'028 0.268
0.290
0.092
0.007 0.198
0.048
0.359
1.945
0.027
b
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.001
128
-------
TABLE A-51. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, Ug/m3
Date
Feb. 1973
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
4.166
3.362
3.041
0.958
2.192
-
9.567
2.189
0.734
0.751
1.057
1.942
3.914
2.606
9.567
0.001
Location
II
b a
0.685
0.291
°-°16 0.538
0.476
0.729
0.036 0.763
4.145
0.540
0.263
0.007 0.187
0.138
0.151
0.193
°'°37 0.261
0.669
4.145
0.138
b
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.005
129
-------
TABLE A-52. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Mar. 1973
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
1.569
1.746
1.815
1.685
1.359
2.272
2.226
1.158
2.081
1.854
2.604
0.632
2.015
1.770
2.604
0.632
Location
II
b a
0.255
0.024 0.118
0.237
0.065
0.014 0.334
0.183
0.118
0.312
0.400
°'°13 0.412
0.325
0.119
0.210
0.238
0.412
0.065
b
0.001
0.004
0.006
0.002
130
-------
TABLE A-53. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Apr. 1973
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
0.307
1.695
2.025
3.143
2.650
-
-
1.246
1.173
1.690
1.580
2.046
1.142
1.700
3.143
0.307
Location
II
b a
0.136
0.479
°'°23 1.389
0.129
0.259
0.365
0.192
0.077
°-011 0.124
0.243
0.251
0.012 0.115
0.131
0.376
1.389
0.077
b
0.009
0.002
0.001
0.001
131
-------
TABLE A-54. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
May 1973
3/4
4/5
5/6
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
17/18
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
2.399
3.631
2.539
1.159
0.703
0.649
0.504
3.162
1.576
2.140
2.067
1.320
1.499
1.796
3.631
0.504
Location
II
b a
0.408
0.659
°'°15 0.688
0.374
0.273
0.005 0.078
0.179
0.146
0.495
°-°09 0.258
0.172
0.362
0.022 0.108
0.214
0.315
0.688
0.078
b
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.004
132
-------
TABLE A-55. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
June 1973
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
Mean
Max.
Min.
Location
I II
aba
2.290 0.192
1.239 0.142
0.967 °'012 0.142
3.197 0.301
1.392 0.225
0.943 0.012 0.092
0.686 0.091
1.118
0.356
0.337
0.394
0.462
0.224
1.196
1.530 0.376
3.197 1.196
0.686 0.091
b
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.005
133
-------
TABLE A-56. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
July 1973
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
18/19
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
5.498
2.518
1.334
1.135
2.512
1.503
1.574
1.677
3.796
2.446
1.305
1.949
1.937
2.245
5.498
1.135
Location
II
b a
1.465
0.620
°'°19 0.328
0.436
0.528
0.027 0.660
0.175
0.090
0.206
°'°23 0.576
0.857
0.080
0.018 0.418
0.594
0.502
1.465
0.080
b
0.004
0.010
0.003
0.005
134
-------
TABLE A-57. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Aug. 1973
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
29/30
30/31
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
0.940
0.788
1.302
1.029
1.514
0.998
1.001
8.082
2.206
3.756
4.208
2.260
1.198
2.252
8.082
0.788
Location
II
b a
0.427
0.187
°'°18 0.140
0.266
0.243
0.009 0.340
0.416
1.439
0.392
°'027 0.721
0.901
0.317
0.013 0.249
0.301
0.453
0.439
0.140
b
—
0.010
0.006
0.002
135
-------
TABLE A-58. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Sept. 1973
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
19/20
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
25/26
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
2.090
4.741
4.018
2.285
1.369
0.051
1.194
1.427
3.059
2.090
0.778
2.046
7.083
0.362
2.385
7.083
0.362
Location
II
b a
0.435
0.011 1.506
0.314
0.225
-
0.150
0.184
0.706
°-011 0.245
0.109
0.637
0.034 1.456
0.068
0.503
1.506
0.068
b
0.005
0.010
0.002
0.004
136
-------
TABLE A-59. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Oct. 1973
9/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
14/15
15/16
23/24
24/25
25/26
26/27
27/28
28/29
29/30
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
0.447
1.757
5.980
2.403
0.316
2.986
6.760
0.998
1.619
1.433
1.181
0.635
0.716
2.095
6.760
0.316
Location
II
b a
0.231
0.583
°'022 1.968
0.178
0.093
'0.033 1.629
2.871
0.328
0.152
°-017 0.248
0.239
0.328
0.004 0.183
0.259
0.664
2.871
0.093
b
0.009
0.010
0.002
0.001
137
-------
TABLE A-60. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY VAPOR (a) and AEROSOL (b)
CONCENTRATIONS IN IDRIJA, yg/m3
Date
Nov. 1973
6/7
7/8
8/9
9/10
10/11
20/21
21/22
22/23
23/24
24/25
Mean
Max.
Min.
I
a
0.961
1.271
2.805
2.716
1.378
1.888
2.029
0.986
2.792
0.294
1.712
2.805
0.294
Location
II
b a b
0.116
0.402
0.003 0.879 0.001
0.684
0.199
0.477
0.082
0.015 0.072 0.004
0.218
0.190
0.332
0.879
0.072
138
-------
APPENDIX B
AVERAGE EXPOSURES AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
139
-------
TABLE B-l. AVERAGE EXPOSURE AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUALS IN RURAL AREA (GROUP I)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
X 7
° 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sub-
ject
code
no.
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
Air
Ug Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.12
0.35
0.31
" 0.20
0.35
0.31
0.23
0.11
0.31
2.27
0.42
0.35
" 0.23
0.53
0.16
0.10
0.24
0.42
1.23
2.13
0.57
0.86
0.92
0.57
0.48
2.07
0.80
1.09
1.88
1.55
0.91
0.97
0.86
1.21
0.97
0.91
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
24
31
45
65
42
8
50
24
31
36
49
52
50
31
55
40
12
87
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
177.0
154.1
180.8
214.4
180.9
191.0
184.0
165.1
171.5
188.1
163.0
160.1
188.0
183.5
184.2
179.6
181.1
185.2
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
23
28
29
24
35
18
42
38
40
40
32
33
26
31
37
21
36
33
26.6
35.4
22.4
28.4
51.6
35.6
40.8
37.8
32.6
29.4
47.2
38.2
13.8
29.0
34.0
26.4
52.6
45.0
17.5
12.6
9.5
16.3
62.0
30.0
16.3
15.0
48.0
18.9
28.7
19.6
12.8
13.2
22.0
4.0
11.4
GPT
5.0
2.7
1.5
4.5
4.8
18.5
5.4
5.6
28.0
3.5
9.5
20.5
1.0
1.0
3.5
1.0
1.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
230
258
258
266
303
270
312
264
324
260
232
314
244
208
230
250
290
280
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
15
3
7
6
8
9
3
4
10
20
20
24
6
3
5
5
7
9
41
61
36
48
58
54
37
50
43
27
31
21
25
34
46
31
30
36
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
19
20
21
22
23
.Ip 24
~ 25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Sub-
ject
code
no.
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.23
0.1
0.31
0.1
0.16
" 0.35
0.35
0.20
" 0.16
0.23
0.38
" 0.23
" 0.42
0.16
" 0.20
0.23
11 0.12
0.10
0.69
0.29
1.61
1.09
0.52
1.09
1.49
1.26
0.91
0.80
1.15
0.57
3.57
0.80
0.75
1.32
0.69
1.09
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
57
59
36
34
51
47
40
18
17
25
35
35
63
13
55
76
86
95
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
171.2
188.6
196.0
159.6
178.2
177.5
179.8
176.0
178.2
150.2
166.8
176.0
165.6
169.5
171.5
172.3
187.3
190.4
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
30
29
22
25
29
38
33
35
23
36
25
36
26
33
33
34
29
35
26.2
64.0
27.2
27.0
45.2
29.8
41.4
20.6
21.2
34.4
39.6
54.6
30.4
30.2
43.2
44.8
34.8
36.2
8.4
16.7
10.2
6.5
12.8
19.9
22.3
17.7
15.0
16.1
54.0
21.1
16.5
52.5
17.2
8.0
9.0
13.9
GPT
2.0
9.9
3.5
1.9
3.3
6.8
7.0
7.1
4.0
4.4
33.2
7.6
4.3
15.6
8.5
6.3
4.0
5.5
Cholest
mg/100
ml
258
278
282
256
229
248
262
248
274
259
246
252
252
278
264
256
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
13
5
14
12
6
5
3
4
12
13
11
4
6
8
8
4
5
41
44
46
41
42
31
42
43
29
37
39
40
53
29
38
45
40
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
^43
P
r 44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Sub-
ject
code
no.
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
Air
Ug Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.10
0.16
0.38
0.42
It
0.38
0.12
0.31
0.10
0.14
0.26
0.10
" 0.10
0.28
1.32
" 0.26
" 0.20
0.30
0.18
0.63
0.98
2.35
1.73
0.57
0.57
0.46
1.03
2.53
2.07
1.61
1.15
1.72
1.03
0.63
0.98
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
36
47
130
137
58
14
120
97
69
107
88
57
156
43
8
77
19
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
194.6
152.1
176.4
160.0
179.8
169.8
167.5
172.0
178.0
144.8
231.4
200.6
200.1
171.5
203.8
166.5
167.0
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alt. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
26
37
37
22
31
30
34
27
23
31
42
29
36
39
37
43
31
30.6
58.0
38.4
33.2
50.4
104.0
39.4
36.0
44.0
25.6
40.4
55.0
20.4
17.2
43.4
31.6
58.2
54.0
39.5
6.9
5.7
37.0
92.0
4.2
6.9
5.5
14.7
13.4
13.4
11.9
22.8
11.6
16.3
9.5
6.7
GPT
42.5
7.7
1.6
1.0
29.5
9.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
5.5
23.0
11.1
10.9
22.0
7.1
5.4
4.8
2.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
292
286
218
224
262
288
194
220
302
252
290
238
240
246
264
301
262
171
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
15
13
15
5
7
11
8
10
6
8
19
5
20
13
47
48
46
36
35
31
38
33
45
70
30
36
28
40
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
55
56
57
58
59
— 60
\JJ 61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Sub-
ject
code
no .
458
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
Air
Ug Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg.
0.014 0.40
0.37
0.30
0.26
0.10
0.84
0.35
0.38
" 0.27
0.24
" 0.20
0.49
0.38
0.12
0.16
0.16
" 0.42
0.20
Total
0.46
0.52
0.40
1.04
0.52
1.15
1.26
1.27
0.34
0.46
0.69
0.92
1.90
0.46
0.52
1.04
3.44
0.78
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
7
14
64
97
116
33
48
47
39
59
44
19
19
40
33
19
34
114
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
154.5
189.6
164.2
177.5
181.4
165.3
159.0
164.6
168.5
172.8
174.6
150.1
170.5
156.0
175.1
181.8
174.0
176.2
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
. GOT
GPT
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
40
38
31
37
30
30
34
42
53
46
39
43
54
46
40
41
52
38
29.6
32.6
33.0
35.0
31.8
23.2
22.0
35.4
28.6
39.4
46.4
70.6
65.0
46.8
32.0
42.0
44.6
21.4
16.7
34.0
8.0
6.5
7.8
9.3
12.1
6.7
18.4
13.0
28.0
32.5
29.0
12.8
17.0
10.7
39.0
8.4
6.6
24.5
7.6
4.8
7.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
5.9
5.8
10.3
9.2
8.4
2.3
6.7
1.2
11.9
1.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
246
282
226
196
254
215
266
228
248
260
286
247
292
255
297
251
219
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
Ug/100
ml
15
9
5
3
5
3
7
4
2
4
3
10
11
%
48
30
64
36
46
59
31
58
61
35
35
63
36
33
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
73
74
75
76
77
— 78
il 79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Sub-
ject
code
no.
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average Ug/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.23
0.20
0.38
0.16
" 0.12
0.64
0.16
0.19
0.41
0.33
0.49
0.60
0.33
0.29
0.60
" 0.11
0.10
0.11
0.40
0.86
0.78
0.24
0.64
1.25
0.71
1.17
2.10
2.32
2.03
2.03
2.46
1.23
1.30
2.68
1.81
1.45
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
75
34
63
55
40
68
113
67
83
52
73
26
109
29
38
36
73
78
164.6
171.5
165.1
166.5
164.0
218.2
195.0
186.0
156.1
184.5
160.0
213.0
206.0
168.5
193.1
204.5
166.0
162.0
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
44
38
42
41
42
33
36
41
29
42
39
40
29
30
30
31
37
38
15.6
14.6
32.4
19.4
44.6
56.0
25.0
51.8
47.4
66.8
56.4
28.8
23.4
38.8
17.2
57.0
26.8
34.4
17.2
30.1
14.3
5.7
25.0
9.7
5.7
6.9
11.0
3.0
3.0
16.1
4.2
11.2
3.0
4.4
1.0
1.4
GPT
7.0
12.3
3.9
1.0
24.3
1.0
3.7
2.4
6.4
1.0
6.4
5.5
1.9
11.7
2.4
3.7
1.1
1.0
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
302
243
291
172
252
228
260
240
198
192
191
203
252
249
236
210
228
205
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
3
6
3
5
12
10
5
6
7
9
18
6
8
9
17
7
9
14
52
32
71
55
33
26
51
64
65
34
53
59
51
54
35
36
50
46
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
91
92
93
94
95
- 96
U> 97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Sub-
ject
code
no.
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.22
0.19
0.15
0.19
11 0.33
0.36
0.47
' 0.47
0.33
11 0.26
0.22
2.75
0.19
" 0.29
0.55
0.19
0.22
0.43
1.02
2.03
2.03
1.38
1.60
1.45
2.25
1.45
0.72
0.43
2.25
5.15
1.52
1.09
0.72
0.73
1.16
0.51
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
39
49
27
124
80
14
85
106
40
71
93
42
88
71
67
16
82
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
182.0
185.0
185.3
185.2
170.7
191.5
162.6
185.2
214.7
185.0
182.6
200.9
161.3
182.6
181.0
212.8
151.8
164.9
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
45
37
42
38
35
21
33
30
22
22
36
30
23
34
37
38
48
45
24.0
27.4
34.4
81.8
35.4
79.2
66.2
40.4
41.8
54.2
95.0
77.2
59.2
53.0
75.6
97.6
43.0
8.4
5.7
12.1
6.5
4.9
10.5
7.8
9.3
10.5
9.9
8.8
21.4
10.5
11.4
10.0
8.8
9.3
7.5
GPT
1.6
2.1
9.5
5.5
4.1
1.0
1.2
1.9
4.1
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.1
5.0
2.1
2.4
1.2
1.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
144
166
232
152
257
175
178
207
229
167
225
187
244
186
145
254
206
238
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
16
6
11
10
11
6
9
4
10
11
4
6
5
2
5
7
5
34
40
40
58
25
44
83
40
25
35
48
51
46
34
39
47
23
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
109
110
111
112
113
,- H4
f 115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
Sub-
ject
code
no.
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.29
0.33
" 0.44
0.16
0.47
" 0.43
0.90
" 0.22
0.36
0.29
0.58
0.10
0.19
0.29
" 0.58
0.22
0.49
0.26
0.94
1.01
1.23
1.09
1.81
3.40
2.36
2.22
2.43
0.76
2.85
0.63
1.32
0.56
1.39
2.49
0.56
0.35
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
129
103
70
82
95
86
39
36
131
78
66
73
87
77
50
82
62
97
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
191.6
193.2
161.0
159.5
211.0
212.5
161.0
202.5
207.2
214.6
210.7
215.3
212.0
186.9
183.5
179.1
160.5
160.2
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
38
36
47
47
46
36
41
34
43
42
35
46
49
39
42
40
51
38
72.4
57.2
82.0
54.0
59.8
40.4
99.8
35.6
54.6
42.6
39.2
82.8
44.8
38.4
20.0
45.6
6.5
9.0
7.5
7.8
8.0
5.3
6.1
5.3
7.5
8.8
10.2
18.6
8.2
10.0
5.3
6.7
10.0
12.1
GPT
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.5
2.3
1.0
2.7
1.0
1.0
1.2
6.4
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
132
180
202
194
166
192
170
186
174
226
172
180
184
200
178
179
206
239
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
5
8
6
5
11
5
5
12
8
7
8
6
10
7
9
3
5
3
32
58
58
54
43
46
47
48
56
47
33
30
38
39
52
67
29
35
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-l. (continued)
No.
127
128
129
130
131
_ 132
•f: 133
— J
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
Sub-
ject
code
no .
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.014 0.22
0.36
0.40
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.40
0.36
0.15
0.33
0.29
0.22
0.36
0.33
" 0.22
0.36
1.18
0.69
0.90
0.42
0.21
0.35
2.08
1.18
0.83
0.76
0.56
0.49
1.25
1.32
0.56
0.83
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
41
89
43
76
78
70
64
36
68
55
57
89
46
54
32
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
176.4
153.3
160.0
150.4
180.6
163.0
158.9
185.3
169.8
177.3
155.7
170.5
179.7
168.8
163.4
157.5
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
38
43
50
37
51
54
50
39
43
47
43
57
48
36
51
46
58.8
41.6
58.6
26.4
76.8
55.2
39.2
48.8
44.0
62.0
64.4
37.2
80.4
63.6
54.4
66.8
6.7
8.0
5.9
9.0
9.7
9.9
3.0
4.4
6.9
5.5
11.6
10.2
7.1
7.5
10.5
9.3
GPT
2.7
3.0
2.6
1.0
4.3
5.2
1.0
1.0
2.6
1.0
2.6
1.5
1.3
1.0
3.1
1.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
183
186
167
177
166
203
198
181
208
139
184
198
225
166
182
174
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
16
3
5
6
5
6
8
4
5
3
10
6
4
9
3
43
32
46
46
26
44
78
41
43
21
41
21
38
42
-------
TABLE B-2. AVERAGE EXPOSURE AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUALS IN URBAN AREA (GROUP II)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
^ 7
°^ 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sub-
ject
code
no.
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.022 0.28
" 0.28
0.34
" 0.10
0.34
0.36
0.33
0.54
0.58
0.55
0.86
0.49
0.17
0.44
0.34
" 0.22
0.17
0.49
0.65
0.87
0.87
0.10
0.65
0.98
0.44
0.98
0.76
2.29
2.72
2.40
0.98
1.74
1.63
1.52
0.54
2.25
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
99
65
31
68
78
87
113
60
26
59
88
76
49
52
51
42
51
62
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
227.0
229.0
231.0
231.0
276.0
226.0
242.0
203.8
223.0
265.0
224.0
232.0
227.4
219.2
207.0
226.0
230.1
232.0
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
37
31
31
32
30
42
40
27
46
21
26
25
36
29
24
28
39
32
53.8
43.2
35.6
23.8
49.8
37.4
39.6
26.0
35.2
33.6
19.6
32.8
41.6
27.4
29.8
46.8
55.8
29.4
11.6
6.3
13.9
4.6
14.5
6.3
7.5
14.7
12.6
13.2
10.0
9.9
8.6
9.3
15.0
13.0
9.9
11.9
GPT
4.8
1.0
5.5
1.0
14.9
1.0
1.9
6.0
2.1
1.6
1.2
3.3
4.1
1.0
4.1
3.5
2.4
2.0
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
248
230
226
229
226
248
235
180
208
238
184
196
226
192
216
204
240
236
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
13
7
11
12
6
14
11
12
8
8
12
8
24
11
10
6
16
44
46
30
36
35
50
39
46
40
62
39
56
31
50
40
50
47
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
19
20
21
22
23
24
•«
P 26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Sub-
ject
code
no.
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.022 0.28
0.46
" 0.83
" 0.49
0.17
0.33
1.13
' 0.10
" 0.10
0.22
" 0.28
0.23
0.28
0.34
0.31
0.31
" 0.22
0.13
1.31
1.09
1.20
2.28
1.83
1.38
4.07
0.75
1.51
2.13
1.07
2.76
0.75
1.82
1.82
3.13
1.38
2.50
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
69
77
37
68
45
68
58
23
23
28
13
38
17
28
32
15
42
16
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
200.0
203.9
196.1
203.9
193.5
182.2
204.2
195.0
229.2
195.5
219.8
194.2
183.1
206.1
218.0
191.8
202.4
203.2
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
25
22
48
43
34
26
44
35
36
36
43
38
36
42
29
36
32
34
25.4
50.0
29.4
54.6
36.4
39.4
27.0
54.2
33.4
52.4
35.6
46.8
26.6
65.8
51.6
40.0
32.2
45.4
16.1
32.0
38.0
30.5
17.5
9.7
10.0
10.5
13.2
10.5
29.5
13.0
16.5
12.1
8.4
11.6
9.9
42.5
GPT
2.4
23.5
14.0
22.5
6.6
1.1
1.1
3.2
3.7
3.6
13.4
8.2
4.5
1.5
3.2
2.7
2.6
7.7
Cholest
mg/100
ml
200
226
248
208
218
234
160
198
224
238
224
186
200
240
220
206
192
206
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
10
9
7
9
8
11
20
9
3
7
4
15
10
11
8
59
50
39
36
40
43
45
34
76
63
42
40
43
51
43
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
(A 43
D 44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Sub-
ject
code
no.
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
Air
Blood
Serum
Vg Hg/m3 Mercury ALAD G-6-PD GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
Annual units mg/ esterase
average yg/100 ml units/ 100 ml 100 AE/min/ml
exposure Inorg. Total 1 ml E E ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
0.022 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
17
11
56
45
12
15
23
61
66
44
39
39
39
44
44
33
17
28
0.82 58 170.5 40
2.07 44 169.8 36
2.25 54 180.0 30
2.57 32 171.0 44
0.57 41 170.1 37
2.63 63 206.1 24
1.69 56 184.0 46
0.75
1.44
1.00
1.13
1.88
0.57
3.01
1.38
0.44
2.25
1.26 170.0 46
43
45
60
41
46
40
38
16
23
23
5
11
18
15
25
26
20
41
.2
.8
.7
.2
.4
.6
.8
.4
.4
.6
.2
.4
.0
.2
.0
.4
.2
.0
12.8
44.5
14.3
13.9
20.1
13.2
7.5
13.2
15.0
15.2
17.9
16.3
16.3
20.6
17.5
17.7
18.6
10.0
GPT
8.7
47.5
7.0
3.3
7.0
1.2
1.1
1.7
6.2
5.1
5.2
6.8
6.7
7.6
7.1
5.5
5.8
2.4
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
204
224
230
206
236
190
180
150
196
162
150
200
242
150
150
180
178
160
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
10
7
16
13
9
19
10
5
6
5
6
6
5
9
6
56
62
47
48
49
37
49
50
76
52
28
66
49
54
38
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
O| 62
~~ 63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Sub-
ject
code
no.
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
674
675
Air
Blood
yg Hg/m3 Mercury ALAD G-6-PD
Annual units
average yg/100 ml units/ 100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total 1 ml E E
0.022 0.28
0.28
" 0.22
" 0.22
" 0.28
0.10
" 0.28
0.28
" 0.70
0.84
0.51
0.61
0.80
0.93
0.50
0.51
" 0.58
0.68
1.61
1.38
1.38
0.92
1.27
0.92
1.09
1.95
1.61
1.38
0.63
2.48
0.92
1.72
2.53
3.79
0.98
2.30
145.9
184.9
172.0
169.1
173.8
185.0
155.1
184.2
161.2
180.9
167.6
179.4
202.0
161.8
195.1
174.0
171.0
183.6
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
39
47
40
52
36
32
40
34
40
36
38
30
31
38
36
34
36
39
57.4
40.6
57.6
94.4
37.4
48.8
37.4
49.8
53.4
54.6
43.0
86.8
57.2
21.4
28.0
23.8
43.4
49.4
9.5
11.2
8.4
9.5
12.3
10.5
11.0
9.5
11.4
9.5
10.7
9.0
6.5
4.9
7.1
9.3
9.7
11.9
GPT
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.1
3.9
3.3
7.6
1.9
5.1
6.0
10.8
6.2
6.6
6.3
5.0
5.5
2.3
5.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
161
173
159
150
184
144
174
175
178
150
160
154
184
150
188
189
180
140
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
8
10
15
6
7
12
8
11
8
20
19
17
19
12
12
8
10
22
44
36
43
39
46
54
35
44
35
50
48
46
49
36
42
43
40
43
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
(/I 80
^ 81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Sub-
ject
code
no.
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
Air
Blood
yg Hg/m3 Mercury ALAD G-6-PD
Annual units
average yg/100 ml units/ 100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total 1 ml E E
0.022 0.48
0.70
0.77
0.65
" 0.30
" 0.60
0.67
0.71
1.06
0.55
0.53
0.93
0.73
0.87
0.45
0.43
0.24
" 0.28
2.70
1.61
3.10
2.19
2.87
2.30
1.72
1.45
1.44
1.56
1.11
1.22
1.39
1.61
1.84
2.06
0.84
1.20
101.0
184.8
204.2
176.0
192.8
209.4
156.2
209.0
185.8
167.5
179.8
190.0
176.0
153.8
181.8
188.2
145.0
204.3
Serum
GSH Choi in -
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
44
41
54
34
29
39
41
33
29
53
30
37
33
30
29
31
28 27.0 7.3
34 24.9 5.6
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
40.6
32.0
35.4
63.8
42.4
34.8
24.6
22.2
36.4
58.0
39.8
45.2
25.8
22.4
13.6
36.2
28.4
34.8
14.1
11.2
9.5
10.7
11.6
14.1
11.2
9.3
10.7
14.1
8.6
11.9
16.5
9.7
13.2
15.2
12.8
5.9
GPT
5.1
3.5
5.4
3.2
1.1
5.2
2.1
4.5
1.0
3.6
3.3
2.7
5.2
5.5
4,3
6.8
6.2
2.3
Cholest .
mg/100
ml
147
144
180
142
171
180
160
142
170
228
188
170
180
179
178
163
191
188
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
7
22
9
8
7
7
18
4
23
22
25
14
8
16
26
13
11
16
34
45
40
34
31
32
34
37
60
38
48
43
34
46
50
39
44
43
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
91
92
93
94
95
96
tf> 97
00
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Sub-
ject
code
no.
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
Air
yg Hg/m3 Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.022 0.24
0.36
" 0.28
0.76
0.44
0.28
0.40
0.44
" 0.40
0.51
0.83
1.14
0.24
0.60
0.28
0.63
0.83
0.71
0.99
0.84
0.58
1.56
0.94
0.94
0.63
0.84
1.56
1.43
1.24
1.69
0.52
0.72
0.98
1.73
1.59
1.96
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
66
102
82
74
74
92
58
125
117
116
161
96
87
67
64
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
147.1
159.8
185.4
171.5
260.0
213.0
218.0
208.2
172.2
179.2
177.8
179.8
180.5
151.6
181.2
165.0
190.4
179.1
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
37
35
43
31
30
30
26
32
30
26
35
32
33
34
38
34
33
36
25.2
24.4
29.2
28.4
22.4
21.8
27.4
19.5
24.4
25.1
22.2
23.9
22.8
21.1
20.4
21.3
18.2
25.5
4.9
8.3
11.1
7.2
7.2
5.7
7.8
7.2
8.1
8.3
2.9
7.0
5.5
5.1
5.5
2.8
4.0
4.1
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
55.6
39.2
17.4
43.2
30.0
47.6
34.0
40.6
42.0
48.4
22.0
9.4
22.0
19.4
35.0
30.0
36.6
48.6
11.0
11.4
17.0
14.7
21.4
12.3
15.2
14.1
15.2
20.6
19.6
9.5
18.6
16.7
30.0
4.9
6.7
7.5
GPT
2.1
3.2
5.4
2.3
11.6
3.5
2.6
2.8
11.6
27.5
13.8
1.3
4.5
6.2
4.8
1.0
1.2
2.8
Cholest
mg/100
ml
190
189
206
240
189
202
191
191
247
219
188
187
221
191
189
235
246
290
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
15
11
28
14
22
20
16
5
16
9
20
18
16
15
25
16
15
41
26
39
16
35
31
41
52
28
34
34
41
50
46
34
22
24
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2. (continued)
No.
109
110
— Ill
LH
41 H2
113
114
115
116
117
118
Sub-
ject
code
no.
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
Air
yg Hg/m Mercury
Annual
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.022 0.60
0.71
0.60
0.51
0.44
0.56
0.63
0.40
0.44
1.11
2.29
1.64
2.06
1.45
1.21
0.89
1.50
2.61
1.59
3.08
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
95
46
54
94
63
85
113
76
116
53
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
222.0
184.5
171.5
202.0
194.2
200.0
182.6
210.2
202.0
198.2
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
41
39
34
41
32
41
35
35
39
33
18.5
25.5
16.2
15.5
17.8
21.8
21.9
24.1
21.1
25.0
4.0
7.5
4.2
2.5
4.7
6.8
5.7
3.2
6.8
6.5
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
28.2
34.0
28.4
31.6
45.2
26.0
36.0
58.0
42.2
44.6
3.0
13.2
6.5
5.3
4.9
4.2
5.5
2.8
5.5
11.4
GPT
1.0
2.8
4.5
3.1
1.0
1.6
3.6
1.0
1.0
18.7
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
227
200
192
213
192
232
206
241
249
277
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
8
16
24
13
25
19
8
15
17
11
25
35
35
52
53
54
58
62
39
-------
TABLE B-3. AVERAGE EXPOSURES AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUALS IN MERCURY MINING AND SMELTING AREA,
NONOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE (GROUP III)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
LD 7
W 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sub-
ject
code
no.
293
294
295
296
297
302
310
313
321
322
324
328
330
331
333
334
335
336
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.397 0.34
0.26
0.23
0.43
" 0.26
0.15
0.26
0.37
0.84
0.42
0.28
0.41
0.35
0.35
" 0.64
0.23
0.38
0.35
1.17
1.38
1.46
0.92
1.08
2.08
1.92
1.46
1.62
1.47
4.64
3.02
2.05
3.69
2.82
2.12
3.01
2.18
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
80
70
48
46
98
41
46
74
18
91
31
37
102
82
75
104
47
111
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
171.4
179.0
175.0
175.5
169.1
174.3
158.0
160.1
158.0
144.0
138.0
183.6
171.2
171.3
158.1
131.0
139.7
146.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
29
30
33
34
32
27
30
36
35 32.9 7.7
42 27.4 8.1
36 29.1 9.8
33 24.7 4.5
32 23.1 7.1
39 26.0 6.8
29 28.0 7.0
23 27.6 8.3
33 29.6 7.7
43 22.0 4.1
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
23.2
44.6
29.0
25.0
34.4
47.4
22.8
36.8
36.0
26.6
46.8
44.8
47.8
37.2
49.0
55.2
44.0
32.6
8.8
6.5
22.5
13.0
14.7
8.8
8.2
8.0
11.4
6.9
11.4
15.9
17.7
21.8
15.2
16.5
13.6
13.0
GPT
4.5
1.0
10.2
1.0
3.2
3.3
4.5
1.0
2.7
1.0
2.3
3.1
4.4
13.1
3.9
3.7
3.2
4.8
Cholest
mg/100
ml
262
212
264
246
226
328
240
268
220
224
212
200
260
270
234
260
249
238
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/100
ml %
10
16
4
11
8
11
6
16
12
7
6
19
8
9
12
16
11
11
40
39
54
38
30
44
57
22
45
48
50
44
37
34
30
59
29
28
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
19
20
21
22
23
_ 24
(T "
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Sub-
ject
code
no.
337
339
340
341
343
350
191
192
193
319
320
323
325
347
201
202
203
204
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.397 0.35
0.52
0.47
0.29
0.35
0.58
0.42
0.58
0.32
0.28
0.42
0.822 0.28
0.70
0.48
0.84
0.38
0.84
0.25
1.86
2.89
1.80
3.69
1.92
1.67
0.74
2.08
1.43
4.86
1.77
1.54
4.86
2.86
1.57
2.14
1.00
1.14
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
128
47
146
25
12
67
44
38
59
45
157.9
192.1
227.0
169.9
161.0
151.6
162.5
160.0
148.5
161.5
161.5
290.0
158.0
173.2
159.2
171.5
175.9
173.5
Serum
GSH
100
ml
34
35
31
42
39
24
38
32
33
44
30
40
38
25
43
39
41
41
Cholin-
esterase
AE/min/ml
Blood Plasma
27.0
25.1
26.2
25.7
24.5
23.6
27.9
34.4
35.6
27.3
28.8
31.2
24.4
24.1
5.5
7.6
6.5
7.3
8.0
6.8
8.9
11.4
8.0
7.9
8.6
6.9
6.6
4.1
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
29.6
37.6
35.2
28.4
55.4
29.4
49.2
37.8
43.4
55.4
37.4
49.0
54.2
31.0
45.8
22.0
22.4
29.2
10.5
14.1
13.2
11.2
11.0
10.5
20.6
11.9
13.0
17.0
9.5
21.4
35.0
17.5
4.2
4.2
5.1
13.2
GPT
3.9
3.2
8.7
3.1
3.0
3.3
12.5
8.7
6.3
5.9
4.0
6.2
27.0
4.3
1.7
1.0
1.7
10.3
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
240
244
204
224
224
156
234
202
252
190
200
222
240
150
225
246
254
234
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
7
14
7
15
6
12
9
2
9
21
17
9
21
8
22
13
11
30
42
35
66
45
66
55
43
43
67
47
48
33
36
42
39
52
43
46
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
~ 43
—3 44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Sub-
ject
code
no.
205
207
209
210
211
212
213
217
219
227
228
229
230
233
238
240
241
244
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
0.822 0.72
0.66
0.66
0.52
0.57
0.28
" 0.38
0.75
0.66
1.84
1.36
1.57
0.61
0.88
" 0.54
" 0.61
0.35
0.75
1.43
2.14
1.71
1.00
2.00
0.29
0.57
3.43
1.86
2.92
2.89
2.11
1.78
1.23
0.95
1.42
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
191.0
181.5
187.6
211.0
189.2
200.9
194.1
156.9
180.5
191 184.8
190 172.0
88 188.0
139 196.5
70 177.0
50 179.0
167 164.8
228 170.0
230 158.0
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
40
38
40
42
35
36
38
34
38
36
35
36
34
40
44
47
32
36
44.4
31.0
19.0
39.0
119.4
30.0
39.8
28.6
32.8
24.2
23.2
34.0
32.2
31.8
32.6
30.4
22.6
10.2
4.6
5.5
5.5
6.7
3.4
4.2
6.7
1.8
17.7
2.2
4.9
1.6
3.6
1.6
9.0
8.6
GPT
4.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.1
1.5
1.2
8.7
1.0
4.4
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.9
1.9
9.4
2.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
274
260
192
200
216
230
175
271
184
252
202
193
188
224
202
246
183
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
Pg/100
ml %
8
11
26
24
11
10
15
16
13
15
16
17
12
15
12
7
45
15
47
37
41
45
43
61
47
50
58
40
52
36
29
30
78
43
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
55
56
57
58
59
60
^ 61
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
73
74
75
76
77
78
Ul 79
-^80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Sub-
ject
code
no.
344
345
346
348
349
353
354
214
216
220
226
231
232
237
242
245
247
286
Air
1-ig Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average Ug/100 ml
exposure" Inorg. Total
0.822 0.32
0.37
0.32
0.27
0.53
0.74
0.53
1.142 0.31
0.47
0.47
0.95
1.15
0.75
0.75
0.81
0.41
1.77
0.37
1.31
2.33
1.19
0.83
1.25
3.63
1.61
1.71
2.43
1.14
2.50
1.54
1.22
1.62
2.64
0.78
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
167.5
172.0
160.2
155.8
172.0
159.0
151.8
200.3
173.1
186.2
.114 196.9
104 187.5
106 159.1
180 245.0
226 167.9
277 155.5
122 164.9
38 199.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
30 22.5 6.5
28 27.2 7.7
32 18.3 7.2
27 23.4 8.3
20 27.9
31 24.5 7.4
28 29.7 8.7
40
39
43
41
31
32
43
28
26
31
48
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits /ml
25.8
60.2
47.8
39.4
33.6
44.2
32.0
23.4
31.4
30.4
34.4
33.0
20.8
98.8
25.2
37.0
29.6
19.1
20.1
19.1
13.0
18.9
20.9
16.1
5.5
7.1
9.7
4.2
2.0
7.8
8.6
3.6
11.2
8.4
GPT
10.6
9.5
4.0
4.3
11.1
8.2
8.8
1.0
4.1
5.5
1.0
1.0
5.4
1.0
1.0
6.0
1.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
176
170
192
184
227
236
194
230
230
234
204
203
208
216
158
226
184
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
2
1
8
14
16
18
9
13
12
13
26
8
18
16
10
11
7
17
40
37
39
60
63
57
59
60
56
57
17
29
27
53
48
29
45
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
91
92
93
94
95
96
— 97
5 98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Sub-
ject
code
no.
291
303
352
280
300
306
332
342
206
215
218
234
236
239
243
246
251
252
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
1.142 0.43
0.11
" 0.89
0.47
0.10
0.26
0.52
0.41
1.879 0.66
0.57
" 0.28
1.84
1.09
0.34
0.55
I
0.42
0.75
1.17
1.38
1.67
1.33
2.00
1.77
2.18
1.73
1.57
1.57
0.86
2.72
2.06
1.69
0.81
1.49
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
97
25
65
74
65
71
36
114
110
74
132
78
277
169.8
161.5
158.8
141.5
167.9
168.0
156.5
140.5
175.0
179.4
167.0
157.0
174.0
171.4
171.9
173.8
188.8
180.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
29
34
32
28
39
32
37 24.4 5.2
37 23.2 7.8
33
41
36
37
40
45
33
29
30
33
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
35.8
25.2
40.2
50.4
25.0
44.4
40.2
27.0
16.2
29.4
33.8
27.6
33.0
25.4
26.6
32.0
34.8
33.8
4.4
9.0
12.6
12.8
5.7
2.2
17.0
15.4
7.1
3.4
12.8
4.6
8.2
7.3
9.9
9.5
4.0
16.3
OPT
1.0
2.4
3.5
7.9
1.0
1.0
2.1
5.0
1.6
1.0
11.1
1.0
5.6
1.0
1.0
5.6
1.0
8.3
Cholest .
mg/100
ml
230
230
202
270
214
198
250
274
211
187
209
234
268
250
196
228
216
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
8
2
10
3
3
5
14
9
21
27
16
20
34
25
20
5
7
12
37
35
42
56
46
31
43
42
51
47
48
26
19
28
37
15
29
44
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
109
110
111
112
113
- 114
~ 115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Sub-
ject
code
no.
254
281
283
285
287
289
304
305
308
315
317
327
329
338
351
355
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
1.879 0.88
" 0.23
0.20
0;40
0.17
" 0.20
0.41
0.37
0.19
0.49
" 0.56
" 0.10
0.35
" 0.35
0.37
" 0.48
1.69
1.41
1.72
1.10
1.96
2.19
1.31
1.23
2.46
1.99
0.74
3.97
2.83
2.63
0.72
1.67
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
20
10
14
19
26
12
52
72
35
43
38
70
17
71
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
193.8
149.0
154.8
171.9
175.0
199.0
155.4
154.8
164.4
147.0
150.0
.183.0
147.2
155.5
156.5
150.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
36
45
30
35
30
32
25
36
38
35 22.8 8.5
35 27.6 7.8
40 31.3 7.0
29 22.6 6.4
26 24.0 6.5
33 32.2 10.3
32 19.4 5.0
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
23.4
54.2
53.4
34.0
44.8
20.8
34.8
24.8
38.4
30.6
42.2
46.8
34.2
46.6
49.8
13.2
17.7
9.0
8.4
10.5
2.4
8.6
7.8
9.0
10.7
15.2
12.3
10.7
11.6
9.9
15.6
GPT
2.7
6.7
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
5.6
2.8
1.0
2.3
5.0
2.7
Cholest
mg/100
ml
263
226
202
186
230
190
211
178
174
190
182
189
264
200
234
196
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
17
6
16
11
15
9
9
10
7
8
8
16
11
7
15
33
59
40
40
43
41
31
50
43
42
41
37
41
48
52
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
125
126
127
128
129
€* 130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
Sub-
ject
code
no.
221
222
223
224
225
248
256
260
261
262
263
264
265
267
269
270
271
27 2
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
Unde- 0.27
termined
0.82
" 1.02
1.57
1.22
0.27
0.42
" 0.81
0.85
0.65
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.59
0.52
" 0.47
0.59-
0.52
1.53
1.15
2.63
0.68
0.75
1.49
1.62
1.90
1.20
1.83
1.55
2.04
1.83
1.48
2.39
0.78
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
66
158
90
60
102
85
109
66
87
59
212
82
33
86
5
12
235
112
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
186.4
221.9
162.0
190.0
181.5
176.8
191.0
186.5
167.0
162.9
212.0
210.8
188.0
196.0
171.5
190.4
200.1
183.5
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
42
33
44
40
42
27
33
34
34
32
28
26
26
35
37
41
28
37
32.4
48.4
34.0
25.6
39.8
33.0
44.8
26.6
38.2
28.8
42.6
47.4
36.8
40.4
26.4
42.8
24.0
43.6
5.9
12.8
7.1
12.8
4.0
4.4
11.4
7.1
11.2
8.4
9.3
15.0
10.5
39.5
3.8
7.8
3.6
2.0
GPT
1.9
9.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.0
1.6
3.5
1.0
1.3
1.0
6.6
1.7
11.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
266
270
210
242
216
188
202
212
184
250
238
210
234
216
182
206
208
186
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
20
12
10
21
17
10
6
10
23
9
10
11
10
36
17
9
14
11
32
27
40
18
36
44
39
32
33
33
39
35
53
37
31
61
56
54
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-3. (continued)
No.
143
144
6s 145
u°
146
147
148
149
150
Sub-
ject
code
no.
273
274
275
276
277
279
318
259
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
Unde- 0.91
termined
0.52
1.11
0.65
" 0.39
0.72
5.25
2.79
1.27
2.25
1.76
0.78
1.83
1.20
6.35
6.90
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
113
152
256
185
160
165
50
72
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
200.7
191.5
173.2
176.0
198.5
179.1
163.0
187.5
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
35
31
32
48
36
24
40 32.8 8.7
32
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
31.2
33.0
31.6
34.2
43.0
29.6
50.6
29.8
3.6
6.7
9.9
5.3
8.8
8.6
14.7
13.6
GPT
1.0
1.0
6.7
2.1
3.5
1.0
3.1
4.5
Cholest
mg/100
ml
200
254
226
282
312
202
198
240
Urine
Coproporph.
Total 1
Ug/100
ml %
18
18
13
12
7
15
22
15
45
45
50
49
41
48
38
20
-------
TABLE B-4. AVERAGE EXPOSURES AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUALS IN MERCURY MINING AND SMELTING AREA,
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE (GROUP IV)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
—t
^ 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sub-
ject
code
no.
3
7
10
32
40
42
45
48
50
51
54
55
57
58
61
62
65
67
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
40.5 1.17
" 2.99
1.52
" 0.32
2.05
3.90
0.18
3.57
4.86
3.57
" 2.19
3.57
2.19
4.86
' 2.25
" 3.02
' 2.04
4.07
7.80
5.88
4.41
3.22
4.94
6.79
3.08
6.45
7.75
6.45
5.10
6.45
5.08
14.92
6.10
6.78
18.65
8.58
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
123
170
208
12
44
29
64
47
74
73
72
66
101
92
97
19
111
71
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
197.2
148.1
166.0
178.5
160.2
165.1
147.5
160.0
162.0
152.8
186.2
164.8
168.9
161.2
147.2
163.5
198.8
145.5
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
43
41
45
40
28
42
32
40
33
30
38
32
40
45
46
47
37
27.6
23.8
14.0
22.4
34.8
26.6
32.6
24.8
23.4
27.8
32.6
23.6
38.2
36.0
33.2
33.0
33.6
19.6
14.3
16.5
9.9
26.5
31.7
7.1
5.3
14.5
10.7
9.9
7.5
5.9
6.5
9.7
5.7
12.1
8.4
6.9
GPT
5.1
7.6
8-. 4
8.2
13.4
7.1
5.5
8.7
6.7
7.3
9.9
6.0.
7.7
22.3
5.2
8.7
9.1
8.0
Cholest .
mg/100
ml
250
222
138
203
232
180
186
154
142
242
219
244
200
162
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
18
10
10
14
8
24
21
33
17
18
10
25
20
25
13
23
21
22
40
41
33
59
40
34
23
22
19
42
26
38
34
43
28
48
32
37
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
19
20
21
22
23
24
JS^ 25
^26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Sub-
ject
code
no.
69
70
72
74
88
99
110
112
114
115
117
118
137
138
163
170
173
197
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
40.5 2.74
0.63
4.49
4.80
3.77
0.56
" 2.97
2.75
" 3.03
1.78
1.97
1.60
2.84
2.30
1.67
" 3.13
0.66
" 1.31
7.16
6.61
8.63
1.23
5.87
5.15
5.25
5.51
5.15
2.54
3.81
4.17
4.63
5.90
1.94
3.86
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
39 153.1
37 149.8
48 164.7
50 162.2
153.2
153.5
166.2
153.9
177.9
161.6
158.5
167.2
16 172.3
57 165.3
47 209.7
98 170.6
74 212.2
165.2
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
48
45
27
33
35
35
29
33
42
37
29
28
28
44
55
38
39
39 25.1 9.4
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
24.0
25.8
19.2
18.4
38.2
35.8
29.8
22.4
23.2
22.8
33.8
43.4
41.2
21.6
23.8
29.6
24.2
60.0
3.8
14.1
13.9
10.5
12.3
7.1
6.3
6.6
6.9
5.9
10.2
26.0
8.4
3.4
11.0
18.4
10.2
12.6
GPT
6.0
7.9
12.7
9.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
7.1
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.0
1.7
7.0
Cholest
mg/100
ml
186
226
236
184
288
182
220
241
232
174
264
236
213
230
214
242
Urine
. Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
20
22
14
21
22
19
13
24
19
15
21
12
30
12
34
19
14
10
48
52
50
39
40
26
32
27
37
32
36
23
48
49
33
34
50
28
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
•^ 43
6s
^ 44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Sub-
ject
code
no.
820
823
834
818
839
825
838
821
815
826
817
819
829
830
809
840
841
827
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average ug/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
40.5 1.75
2.68
3.13
3.30
3.58
1.26
6.20
3,47
" 4.03
2.96
3.86
6.93
6.42
" 2.02
2.63
2.15
" 2.23
7.07
3.97
4.31
5.52
4.49
5.17
2.76
9.23
5.69
8.96
9.23
8.10
10.87
10.34
2.42
5.93
5.65
3.71
7.94
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
20
57
63
45
26
134
47
73
115
87
20
57
78
51
72
18
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
144.0
158.2
172.5
152.0
178.8
155.9
193.4
172.5
199.6
161.8
165.5
168.4
166.1
153.1
144.1
199.8
174.5
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
36 30.2 5.2
33
43
42
35
36
44
40
37
40
27.0 6.6
46
37
24.5 9.3
31 30.6 7.9
36
43
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
35.4
26.4
27.8
62.8
49.0
34.6
35.6
51.4
63.0
50.2
31.4
61.0
41.8
30.8
69.8
41.0
53.4
39.8
15.9
9.7
6.9
24.0
31.5
15.2
11.2
28.0
11.6
14.7
21.1
28.0
10.5
7.8
9.5
14.7
11.4
10.0
GPT
4.1
2.4
2.7
14.7
19.5
12.8
1.3
14.9
7.0
3.6
7.6
19.5
1.0
3.9
2.7
1.5
6.6
2.1
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
208
206
213
222
210
218
212
202
188
210
234
194
210
216
170
232
180
232
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
10
16
31
11
8
37
24
8
24
7
18
17
4
14
2
31
33
29
43
31
36
38
35
31
57
38
47
38
30
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
55
56
57
58
59
60
-^ 61
-O 62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Air
yg Hg/m3
Sub- Weekly
ject weighted
code average
no. exposure
836 40,5
835
828 "
815
823
813
803
1 78.3
4
5
9
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Mercury
yg/100 ml
Inorg. Total
1.74
3.18
5.42
4.03
2.68
2.17
1.32
2.75
3.62
2.86
3.69
0.10
1.54
2.40
0.23
1.99
2.75
2.75
3.62
3.62
8.89
8.96
4.31
4.01
2.72
5.64
6.50
5.75
6.57
3.02
4.43
5.29
3.13
4.88
5.65
5.85
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
149
94
115
57
123
62
99
80
62
127
123
79
84
100
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
139.7
175.6
142.9
199.6
158.2
141.2
160.2
194.4
210.4
181.0
158.8
200.3
174.1
149.6
163.5
157.9
158.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
41
37
34 28.7 7.4
40
33
23 . 9 8.3
34 28.9 5.7
48
39
45
41
33
50
38
45
41
45
46
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
27.2
41.8
34.4
63.0
26.4
33.8
30.0
41.8
49.0
28.6
21.4
42.0
36.2
20.4
24.0
37.6
23.0
27.0
16.1
5.9
16.5
11.6
9.7
13.4
20.1
8.8
38.0
8.8
14.5
11.4
7.3
8.2
13.6
12.6
8.2
7.8
GPT Cholest
mg/100
ml
4.4 214
1.1 166
8.2 220
7.0 188
2.4 206
4.6 202
8.3 200
8.4
38.0
4.8
5.1
7.6
5.0
3.0
16.3
3.5
3.3
4.1
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
37
40
12
24
16
6
7
15
19
13
23
24
11
35
16
22
30
16
28
31
55
38
33
46
39
19
31
44
32
42
40
42
30
32
34
33
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
73
74
75
76
77
78
-------
TABLE B-4. Ccontinued)
No.
91
92
93
94
95
96
C^ 97
^> 98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Air
yg Hg/m3
Suh- Weekly Mercury
ject weighted
code average yg/100 ml
no. exposure Inorg. Total
52 78.3
56
59
60
64
68
71
75
78
81
82
86
92
199
806 "
102 "
105 "
108
2.32
8.06
2.95
2.46
3.02
2.67
0.42
5.26
1.78
2.79
1.47
2.67
2.73
0.97
1.95
1.36
1.09
2.63
5.21
10.93
4.58
4.24
6.24
6.78
1.19
6.76
5.21
4.46
5.41
9.59
3.64
5.00
2.61
4.57
6.09
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
66
67
38
102
94
31
88
58
80
38
71
64
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
157.1
169.8
147.2
161.5
166.2
149.5
150.1
153.9
155.2
184.0
157.8
190.5
171.8
171.1
190.1
166.0
200.7
191.2
Serum
GSH Cholln-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
34
34
51
41
44
35
44
30
39
41
34
47
43
37 22.8 7.4
30 28.5 8.0
40
33
39
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
46.2
37.0
24.8
26.4
19.4
18.0
13.4
20.0
50.4
27.4
39.6
32.4
38.4
46.4
54.6
26.2
20.8
36.6
13.2
3.8
6.1
5.9
2.8
5.5
15.2
7.8
18.1
13.9
9.3
3.2
8.4
18.1
5.1
6.3
12.8
GPT
11.7
5.5
6.0
5.2
4.6
6.2
9.9
7.9
11.7
5.1
1.5
1.6
4.5
9.9
2.4
1.0
2.6
Cholest
mg/100
ml
199
174
188
168
174
222
224
212
175
226
232
234
180
243
200
264
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
16
18
23
10
23
7
10
15
10
13
21
21
22
6
11
25
10
6
42
27
48
58
26
45
53
49
32
27
31
32
37
43
32
31
30
17
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
109
110
111
112
113
114
•0 115
0 116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
Sub-
ject
code
no.
Ill
116
123
125
132
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
150
151
154
161
168
Air
Mg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
78.3 8.74
3.37
4.05
3.24
" 4.38
3.57
5.33
" 5.20
6.85
4.85
4.38
4.00
3.30
5.20
" 4.30
5.64
3.26
1.86
12.90
11.16
5.15
5.90
5.30
6.35
7.20
5.69
7.40
5.00
5.28
5.07
5.07
5.83
5.14
6.71
5.52
4.56
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
59
53
20
7
53
37
16
30
49
61
31
23
58
41
88
35
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
149.3
161.8
23.2
166.9
140.0
152.0
200.3
230.5
205.2
148.6
136.7
215.4
245.4
170.3
172.0
137.4
170.2
Serum
GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
26
34
45
42
41
56
42
33
36
42
37
37
35
32
50
39
49
29.4
30.0
23.0
38.4
31.0
25.6
27.8
25.4
31.2
15.8
30.0
19.6
26.8
34.0
22.2
31.2
25.8
23.8
8.4
6.7
6.7
3.8
1.0
25.5
3.0
5.5
4.0
5.9
1.0
4.4
4.2
1.0
8.6
1.0
8.4
17.0
GPT
4.5
1.0
1.5
1.1
1.0
7.6
1.0
1.0
1.6
3.1
1.0
2.1
1.0
1.0
12.0
2.0
2.6
5.0
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
278
204
194
188
188
248
188
150
188
234
209
202
228
180
268
230
226
283
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
8
21
19
6
13
7
13
14
17
12
9
10
40
22
16
13
11
5
37
30
23
39
36
57
40
42
40
51
35
27
27
47
70
58
30
39
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
127
128
129_
130
131
132
f 133
134
•135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
Air
yg Hg/m3
Sub- Weekly
ject weighted
code average
no . exposure
169 78.3
172
186
187
253
259
29
31
33
38
79
8ft
90
91
104
107
109
807
Mercury
yg/100 ml
Inorg.
1.80
4.26
4.45
1.98
2.65
2.71
2.63
1.80
4.9^2
5.74
2.29
1.91
2.41
4.63
1.97
4.54
2.58
4.34
Total
5.07
5.82
5.90
4.31
3.78
6.90
5.52
4.69
7.82
8.61
7.30
5.27
5.14
9.87
5.22
7.40
4.45
4.51
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
42
71
26
41
15
72
61
61
38
66
78
69
53
81
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
166.3
162.1
158.5
168.3
192.0
187.5
171.2
186.0
154.8
164.0
161.2
172.0
182.9
165.6
153.8
175.0
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
38
28
21
30
36
32
50
32
30
46
39
35
47
28
30
38
35
42 23.0 5.2
Alk. Ph
. GOT
GPT
milliunits/ml
24.8
27.0
17.6
10.0
29.2
29.8
23.6
48.2
18.0
25.8
31.4
24.8
37.0
23.2
29.4
26.4
52.8
54.4
23.0
14.1
20.1
12.1
15.0
13.6
15.2
9.9
9.3
9.7
9.0
7.8
20.6
7.8
3.2
5.9
6.1
16.1
11.7
4.1
9.6
3.3
8.3
4.5
5.1
3.7
2.1
1.7
3.1
2.7
5.8
5.2
1.0
1.0
2.6
Cholest
mg/100
ml
222
218
258
240
184
174
214
186
258
172
255
218
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
ug/ioo
ml
8
6
15
19
13
15
20
11
20
21
16
21
23
15
10
14
16
4
%
36
51
20
41
20
33
33
38
24
24
29
34
29
24
50
37
43
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
145
146
147
148
149
150
*- 151
-O
*o 152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
Air
yg Hg/m3
Sub- Weekly Mercury
ject weighted
code average yg/100 ml
no. exposure Inorg. Total
134 78.3
135
175
176
98
802 "
2 121.0
6
8
11
21
23
27
28
30
37
46
53
2.90
5.47
2.26
5.73
3.09
1.95
4.92
2.05
2.99
1.40
1.94
4.02
2.40
6.09
2.81
1.99
4.65
6.84
4.92
5.60
4.63
7.16
9.93
3.83
7.80
4.94
6.46
4.29
4.83
6.90
5.29
8.96
5.80
4.88
7.54
9.71
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
12
26
82
94
73
77
35
35
33
43
80
29
90
31
73
31
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
164.0
154.6
123.1
132.5
160.0
158.0
212.0
195.6
228.6
165.1
156.8
162.1
160.2
156.1
164.0
159.2
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
43
44
42
37
36
33 28.6 5.5
38
49
28
40
43
30
46
30
31
40
26
38
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
39.2
52.0
30.0
27.2
28.0
35.4
37.2
34.8
27.4
41.2
29.8
33.0
43.2
25.4
19.0
31.0
28.2
32.0
2.4
20.1
15.2
18.6
18.4
16.5
11.0
8.6
8.2
12.6
10.7
9.9
10.7
12.1
14.7
27.0
8.4
47.0
GPT Cholest.
mg/100
ml
2.0 315
4.4 248
3.0 172
5.0 232
5.0 234
6.3 150
5.9
5.1
4.6
7.1
10.2
4.0
2.7
4.6
5.5
17.5
6.7 146
31.7 234
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
20
9
33
6
20
11
12
26
24
14
17
10
15
8
14
26
19
20
21
25
31
33
29
28
47
41
40
38
38
42
46
37
49
46
32
30
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
163
164
165
166
167
168
^169
°» 170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Sub-
ject
code
no.
66
73
76
87
97
100
121
122
127
128
129,
130
133
136
155
156
157
158
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
121.1 3.09
" 1.90
3.60
6.08
4.12
1.69
6.88
10.73
3.64
9.58
14.23
8.57
6.21
12.07
" 10.58
7.48
4.25
4.44
10.00
6.78
6.95
12.03
10.73
3.78
9.03
15.97
5.97
13.88
18.14
11.20
8.74
12.39
10.62
7.88
5.00
6.63
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
35
110
42
134
44
31
14
18
24
32
7
38
47
23
43
33
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
186.5
153.5
165.2
167.9
162.8
160.0
161.6
159.1
201.1
147.5
162.1
170.1
153.5
168.5
147.6
189.6
185.5
201.4
Serum
GSH Choi in- Alk. Ph. GOT
mg/ esterase
100 . AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml
33
41
36
29
34
35
40
39
34
45
57
38
47
50
34
39
37
41
22.0
18.8
23.0
30.6
30.8
27.2
14.2
31.0
39.0
47.6
50.4
23.8
41.8
31.0
16.8
26.0
22.8
29.2
6.7
8.0
7.5
8.2
8.8
2.4
2.8
4.2
15.2
3.8
1.0
1.0
4.4
9.5
4.0
1.0
4.0
4.0
GPT
7.3
4.8
4.1
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.1
2.6
1.7
1.2
2.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
2.1
1.0
2.1
1.7
Cholest
mg/100
ml
208
204
176
210
186
189
219
290
278
268
256
252
220
202
201
188
186
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
Ug/100
ml %
13
14
33
16
16
14
14
11
9
6
5
8
13
19
17
9
16
42
44
41
35
31
31
23
25
16
25
26
42
31
43
46
44
30
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
No.
181
182
183
184
185
186
O 187
^ 188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
Sub-
ject
code
no.
159
160
162
164
165
178
190
195
196
43
101
800
804
93
113
808
810
811
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
121.0 5.93
5.79
2.99
6.79
6.79
17.21
8.13
2.51
4.45
" 9.71
5.27
1.37
2.63
6.46
8.35
" 1.66
3.14
1.03
8.36
8.76
6.65
11.05
9.35
21.04
10.14
4.57
6.05
12.61
10.21
4.20
4.88
10.27
17.54
3.52
6.73
4.70
Blood
ALAD G-6-PD
units
units/ 100 ml
1 ml E E
64 178.7
55 159.1
56 163.2
77 166.6
65
71 153.5
50 184.1
163.8
161.3
74 148.8
185.1
150.2
171.0
166.7
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
37
49
39
45
36
45
29 25.1 6.5
42 25.6 8.7
39
32
29 30.1 8.4
26 34.5 7.5
45
33 26.0 8.3
32.0 10.5
29.7 5.7
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
18.4
18.4
20.2
29.8
36.8
26.6
14.0
41.2
52.0
26.4
26.2
33.4
47.8
14.8
24.6
47.0
43.6
25.6
11.2
12.8
8.6
14.1
13.9
12.8
14.5
17.5
16.3
10.7
10.5
17.5
20.6
1.2
14.7
16.7
15.4
26.5
GPT
6.2
3.0
1.0
4.5
3.3
2.4
4.8
9.5
9.5
9.1
1.0
10.2
9.5
3.0
2.0
9.0
11.9
9.5
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
200
258
184
266
194
232
231
180
220
206
238
160
174
216
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/100
ml %
9
21
12
9
9
19
20
12
10
27
24
10
9
26
16
11
12
11
38
28
45
47
42
32
47
27
28
21
39
31
31
37
44
67
48
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (.continued)
No.
199
200
201
202
203
204
____ 205
-O 206
^207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
Sub-
ject
code
no.
812
814
843
842
63
77
83
94
103
119
120
124
126
131
147
148
149
152
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
121.0 1.89
11 2.23
" 8.19
" 2.52
201.8 5.97
" 1.26
" 3.81
2.16
16.13
15.64
" ' 13.63
" 12.34
" 7.15
" 11.33
" 12.55
7.32
18.57
" 22.51
3.46
3.89
10.30
4.66
10.40
5.81
8.24
8.94
20.56
18.88
15.08
15.37
11.87
12.62
12.69
7.67
22.54
23.84
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
84
53
68
53
12
70
33
29
47
53
35
39
36
47
62
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
114.5
149.0
153.1
161.5
156.9
171.4
169.0
177.0
160.3
166.9
198.4
185.4
160.3
156.8
208.6
147.1
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
28.6 7.4
29.1 6.1
32 27.2 6.7
39
32
43
39
35
42
43
40
37
43
48
40
42
44
35
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits/ml
27.2
28.4
42.8
48.0
26.6
31.4
35.4
28.2
40.0
22.4
16.6
22.2
31.2
29.2
30.8
42.8
24.6
23.0
14.3
13.9
10.7
9.7
2.0
9.3
15.2
2.4
20.9
10.8
12.0
3.6
4.4
3.8
15.2
2.2
9.9
2.2
GPT
7.4
9.2
5.9
3.2
6.0
8.8
5.2
4.4
8.4
14.3
2.8
1.3
1.5
1.0
19.0
1.5
10.3
2.7
Cholest
mg/100
ml
204
210
184
218
174
238
214
198
228
221
226
189
242
223
230
218
246
Urine
Coproporph.
Total 1
yg/ioo
ml %
5
27
10
13
19
26
12
14
22
7
9
22
18
14
20
8
14
17
41
33
23
39
44
34
26
38
13
24
30
34
34
28
26
22
77
59
(continued)
-------
No.
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
~T 224
*s^l
^4
S^ 225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
Sub-
ject
code
no.
153
166
167
171
174
177
179
180
326
182
183
185
188
189
194
805
833
208
Air
yg Hg/m3
Weekly Mercury
weighted
average yg/100 ml
exposure Inorg. Total
201.8 17.28
3.66
5.53
10.79
9.32
8.52
11.41
22.75
II
3.77
" 3.97
7.57
7.17
8.40
3.54
3.48
4.29
0.62
17.47
6.05
8.14
14.26
10.75
11.64
14.23
25.70
2.95
7.57
6.60
11.39
9.93
11.11
7.35
6.24
12.50
10.86
ALAD
units/
1 ml E
32
70
96
74
68
96
49
39
77
94
33
61
61
107
57
Blood
G-6-PD
units
100 ml
E
150.9
154.5
156.2
196.1
172.2
154.5
154.3
173.6
178.0
144.1
152.1
154.5
163.4
168.0
127.2
134.0
163.2
Serum
GSH Cholin-
mg/ esterase
100 AE/min/ml
ml Blood Plasma
38
43
38
40
42
47
41
36
38 24.6 7.4
33
37
34
39
36
33
35 26.5 8.5
42 26.5 5.2
41
Alk. Ph. GOT
milliunits /ml
22.0
17.2
14.8
28.0
22.2
36.8
18.0
47.0
43.2
21.6
10.8
13.8
33.6
19.8
37.6
45.6
46.2
26.0
5.7
17.2
10.7
9.9
17.5
12.3
11.2
23.8
40.0
13.0
15.4
14.7
11.2
13.9
20.6
29.5
20.1
1.6
GPT
1.9
2.0
3.3
2.0
2.3
6.4
2.1
19.3
32.0
1.9
8.0
6.2
1.9
5.6
9.8
18.0
4.0
1.0
Cholest.
mg/100
ml
220
180
251
230
208
268
236
156
202
200
226
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
yg/ioo
ml %
12
14
22
7
11
13
6
15
6
17
14
5
12
13
11
6
26
19
41
43
34
27
40
50
44
36
30
43
42
48
46
42
34
61
27
53
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-4. (continued)
Air Blood Serum
Ug Hg/m3
Sub- Weekly Mercury ALAD G-6-PD GSH Cholin- Alk. Ph. GOT GPT Cholest
ject weighted units mg/ esterase
code average Ug/100 ml units/ 100 ml 100 AE/min/ml mg/100
No. no. exposure Inorg. Total 1 ml E E ml Blood Plasma milliunits/ml ml
235 831 78.3 3.07 4.74 49 150.3 43 43.8 9.7 2.1 220
0 236 837 " 2.85 5.18 49 136.6 32 24.0 9.9 1.0 170
237 832 " 1.71 4.57 153.0 32 24.1 5.9 50.8 18.1 8.3 224
Urine
Coproporph.
Total I
Ug/100
ml %
43 26
23 32
23 29
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
I Please read Inssructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-002
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Biological Significance of Some Metals as Air
Pollutants. Part II: Mercury
5 REPORT DATE
January 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Mirka Fugas, 11.Sc. and Prof. Fedor Valic, Ph.D.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Yugoslav Academy of Science and Arts
Zagrev, Yugoslavia
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
SFCP-02-302-3
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Desearch Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NI.C. 2771l'
RTP,MC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final - Jan. 1969/Jan. 1974
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-fiOO/n
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The study was undertaken in order to elucidate the association between low
atmospheric mercury levels and changes in some biological parameters likely to
react to such exposures. The study covered four populations believed to be exposed
to four different levels of atmospheric mercury; rural inhabitants, town dwellers,
population from a mercury mining and smelting town, and workers occupationally
exposed to mercury.
The study concludes tentatively that mercury exposure is likely to induce
changes in the activity of cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase and also to cause changes in the concentration of
coproporphyrin and probably glutathione.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Mercury (metalL
Blood
Exposure
Yugoslavia
06 A, C, F
1. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
2220-1 (9 73)
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
190
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
178
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