APPLY PESTICIDES
CORRECTLY
A programmed instruction learning program
for
i private applicators
\
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION i
CHAPTER 1 - PESTS AND PEST CONTROL 1-1 Through 1-21
CHAPTER 2 - PESTICIDES 2-1 Through 2-26
CHAPTER 3 - LABELS AND LABELING 3-1 Through 3-20
CHAPTER 4 - APPLICATION EQUIPMENT 4-1 Through 4-23
CHAPTER 5 - USE AND MAINTENANCE OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT 5-1 Through 5-23
CHAPTER 6 - USING PESTICIDES SAFELY 6-1 Through 6-27
CHAPTER 7 - THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE LAW 7-1 Through 7-25
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INTRODUCTION
Federal regulations set minimum requirements that you must meet before you can use certain pesticides.
This program contains the practical information you need to prepare you to meet most of these require-
ments. It does not include all the things you need to know about the pests you wish to control. It may not
include all the information you may be required to know to meet your State requirements. Your State
Pesticide Regulatory Agency and your State Extension Service can give you this additional information.
This program will teach you:
• some features of common pests, how they develop, and the kinds of damage they do,
• methods you can use to control pests,
• how pesticides work,
• how pesticide labels can help you,
• how to use pesticides so they will not harm you or the environment,
• how to choose, use, and care for some equipment, and
• the Federal laws that apply to your use of pesticides.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THIS LEARNING PROGRAM
The Learning Program you will be working with is a new kind of training method called Programmed
Instruction. The program is laid out in a different way from most of the training materials you have used in
the past.
First, answer as best you can the questions on the pre test at the beginning of each Chapter, before you
begin that Chapter. Don't worry, you are not expected to know all of the answers. Then proceed to the
Learning Program portion of each Chapter.
In each Learning Program, you will be given a small piece of information and then asked to answer a
question in writing. The answer to each question is provided next to the next frame. This means that, after
you have written your response to each question, you must look below or turn the page to find out if you
were correct.
Before starting the Learning Program, take a piece of paper and fold it lengthwise, just wide enough to
cover the answer column. As you complete each frame, slide the paper down and check your answer.
When you finish all frames of each Chapter, complete the post test in the back of each Chapter.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN!
In order to experience the most learning from this type of instruction, you should do five things . .
• Read very carefully.
• Write the answer as it is called for. Don't merely answer it in your mind.
• Check each answer or response as soon as you've written it. This is why the correct responses
are provided.
• If you find that your response was not correct, figure out why it is wrong. You may reread the
frame or turn back to earlier frames. Don't go forward in the program until you understand the
correct answer.
• When you know why your answer was wrong, go back and chanae your answer. Cross out your
earlier response and write in the right one.
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CHAPTER 1
PESTS AND PEST CONTROL
PRE TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Fungi, nematodes, viruses and bacteria may cause plant diseases.
A. true
B. false
2. Air pollution may cause plant disease.
A. true
B. false
3. Annual weeds produce seed in the second year of growth.
A. true
B. false
4. A corn plant growing in a tobacco field can be called a weed.
A. true
B. false
5. If pests are present they should be killed whether or not they are causing any damage.
A. true
B. false
6. Frogs might be considered as pests.
A. true
B. false
7. Plant diseases can be caused by non-living agents.
A. true
B. false
8. Spiders are not insects.
A. true
B. false
9. Most insects have the same type of mouth parts.
A. true
B. false
10. Any plant can be a weed.
A. true
B. false
1-1
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11. Incomplete development of a plant's flowers can be an indication of plant disease.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
12. The animal shown here:
A. is an insect.
B. is a mite.
C. Both of these.
13. If you are trying to tell one insect from another, the most important things to look at are the:
A. wings and mouth parts.
B. body size and shape.
C. color and body markings.
D. legs and abdomen.
14. Insect pests can:
A. feed on and tunnel in roots.
B. carry plant disease agents.
C. feed on and in seeds and nuts.
D. All of these.
15. Which of these are possible pests?
A. dogs.
B. weeds.
C. viruses.
D. All of these.
16. What do you call plants that live for 2 years?
A. annuals.
B. perennials.
C. biennials.
D. winter annuals.
17. A tree is an example of:
A. an annual.
B. a biennial.
C. a perennial.
D. a semi-annual.
1-2
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18. Match the following:
A. Fungi:
B. Nematode:
C. Bacteria:
D. Viruses:
19. Match the following:
A. Summer annual:
B. Winter annual:
C. Biennial:
D. Perennial:
1. Cause rots and scabs.
2. Cause blights, wilts and scabs.
3. Cause mosaic disease.
4. Cause root cysts and knots.
1. Sprouts in the spring and lives for year or less.
2. Sprouts in the fall and lives for year or less.
3. Lives through two (2) growing seasons.
4. Lives for several years or indefinitely.
Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks:
20. Name five (5) techniques of pest control without using pesticides:
A. Plant
B. Use good
C. Destroy _
D. Clean
.resistant'
management.
anrl cultivation
E. Encourage pests natural
21. I nsects have legs.
22. Insect bodies have regions.
23. A is a plant out of place.
24. Spiders have.
-legs.
25. Winter annuals sprout in the .
1-3
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(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
1-4
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CHAPTER 1
PESTS AND PEST CONTROL
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. When people think of pest control the first thing that enters their minds is
killing pests with pesticides. While pesticides are an important part in the
pest control process, they are by no means the whole story. In fact, the
use of chemicals may, in some cases, be the least preferable choice. Several
steps must be taken before this point is reached.
This unit will cover: (1) what is a pest, (2) how to recognize pests, and (3)
what steps can be taken to control pests.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
WHAT ISA PEST?
2. A pest is something that threatens crops, livestock or other products. This
may be some plant, animal, or disease that is producing the threat.
A pest would be something that:
A. Damages crops.
B. Harms domestic animals.
C. Takes up food and space needed by crops.
D. All of these.
3. Blackbirds may eat animal feed. Could blackbirds be considered a pest?
(yes/no)
4. Weeds may take up food, water and space needed by crops.
Weeds (are/are not) pests.
5. Plant disease agents need not be living things.
For example, frost may kill tomato plants.
Could frost be considered a disease agent of tomatoes? (yes/no)
6. Which of the following might be done by a pest?
Damage fruit (yes/no)
Prevent plants from maturing (yes/no)
Spread disease (yes/no)
Injure livestock (yes/no)
1-5
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RECOGNIZING PESTS
!A|t y?$^ «wh of these might
be done by a pest
7. Each type of pest that may be causing problems requires specific control
methods.
Could one control method work on all pests? (yes/no)
8. A treatment of potatoes with an insecticide should be designed to kill:
A. All insects.
B. Just the insects that are damaging the potatoes.
rfnU k
-I**
a
9. Even pests that may look alike may not be controlled by the same pesti-
cide.
To the untrained eye, bugs and beetles may look alike. However, an insec-
ticide that works on beetles:
A. Must work well for bugs.
B. May not work at all on bugs.
Jf
iLIT/Ji^ 3 ^tJ it frr H ^ "^
10. Therefore, before you can control pests you must:
A. Buy the right insecticide.
B. Recognize the pest.
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13. Which of these is an insect?
A.
14.
Spider
Spiders, mites and ticks are similar to insects, but they have:
A. Six (6) legs.
B. Eight (8) legs.
15. Spiders (are/are not) insects.
16. You find something crawling on your dog that looks like a small flat
brown bug. It has eight (8) legs. It is:
A. An insect.
B. A tick.
1-7
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17. The adult insect has three (3) body regions.
ABDOMEN
THORAX
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
18. Mites, ticks and spiders have bodies different than insects. They do not
have wings.
ABDOMEN
In addition, the bodies of mites, ticks and spiders are divided into
_—body regions instead of three (3).
An insect has
regions.
legs and
body
Once you have recognized a pest as an insect, the
next step is to find out the type of insect. One of
the most distinctive things about insects is their
wings.
Some insects have no wings. Others have two (2)
or four (4) wings. The wings may vary in shape
size, thickness and structure. If you were attempt- '
ing to identify an insect, what would you check
first?
A. Its wings.
B. Its color.
C. Its shape.
1-8
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21. Insects feed in different ways. Those with chewing mouth parts bite and
tear food. Some insects have long beaks that can suck out fluids or blood.
Therefore, examining (choose one: (color/mouthparts)) is important in
helping you identify insects.
22. Check the two (2) most important things you should look at when identi-
fying insects:
Size —
Shape
Wings
Antennae
Mouth Parts
23. What two (2) things can help you identify insects?
1.
2.
24. The next group of pests are pest animals such as fish, snakes, turtles,
alligators, frogs, toads, salamanders and birds.
However, for an animal to be a pest it must threaten man in some way. An
animal that is a pest in one location may not be a pest in another location.
For example, a coyote that kills sheep (is/is not) a pest.
25. A coyote located where there is no livestock, and only feeds on crop-
destroying rodents (is/is not) a pest.
26. Which of these is an animal pest?
A. Carp that destroy game fish eggs.
B. Carp that are used for food.
27. What determines if an animal is a pest?
A. Where it is and what it is doing.
B. What type of animal it is.
28. A third type of pest is the weed.
A weed is simply a plant that is out of place—growing where we do not
want it to grow.
For example, grass growing in a corn field is considered a
1-9
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29. Any plant can be a weed. In fact, some weeds are cultivated plants. An
example of this is corn.
Corn is:
A. A weed.
B. A weed only if it is growing where we do not want it.
30. Which of these is a weed?
A. Corn grown for food.
B. Corn growing in the middle of a soybean field.
31. Before you can control weeds you need to know how they grow. Many
weeds live only one (1) year. These grow from a seed, mature, produce
more seeds, and then die before the year ends.
Plants that live only one (1) year or less are called annuals. Which of these
is an annual?
A. Crabgrass that dies after producing seed.
B. An oak tree.
32. An annual is a plant that lives one (1)
_or less.
33. A summer annual grows from a seed that sprouts in the spring and lives
through the summer.
A winter annual grows from a seed that sprouts in the fall and lives
through the winter.
Wheat that sprouts in the fall is a
Wheat that sprouts in the spring is a
.annual.
—annual.
34. Which of these lives longer than a year?
A. Winter annual.
B. Summer annual.
C. Neither one.
35. "Bi" means two (2). A biennial plant is one that lives for:
A. One (1) year.
B. Two (2) years.
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36. A biennial plant grows from a seed and develops a heavy root the first
year. This allows the plant to survive one (1) winter. The biennial then
produces seeds during the second year and dies.
A bullthistle is a heavy-rooted plant that survives one (1) winter and two
(2) growing seasons. A bullthistle is:
A.
B.
A biennial.
An annual.
37. The winter annual also lives through a winter, but it has only one (1)
growing season. The bullthistle can live for seasons.
38. Some plants can live for more than two (2) seasons, and may even live
indefinitely. These plants are called perennials.
An oak tree is:
A. An annual.
B. A biennial.
C. A perennial.
39. Even though the leaves and stems die every year, plants such as the tulip
live through the winter as bulbs. A tulip can live for many years.
A tulip is:
A. An annual.
B. A biennial.
C. A perennial.
40. Match the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sprouts in the fall and lives for
one growing season:
Sprouts in the spring and dies
before winter:
Lives for 2 years:
Lives for several years:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Perennial
Biennial
Winter
annual
Summer
annual
41. An annual weed lives for how long?
A biennial weed lives for how long?
A perennial weed lives for how long?
1-11
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42. The fourth group of pests are plant diseases.
A plant disease is a harmful condition that makes a plant different than a
normal plant.
Which of these is a diseased plant?
A.
43. Plants react to disease agents in a variety of ways. Some of these are:
• Galls, swellings, and leaf curls.
• Stunting, lack of green color, and incomplete development of
parts.
• Blights, leaf spots, wilting, and cankers.
A plant fails to develop fruit. Could this be due to a disease agent? (yes/
no)
44. Which of these is the result of disease?
A. Stunting.
B. Lack of green color.
C. Incomplete development of plant parts.
D. All of these.
45. Plant diseases can be caused by living or non-living agents. Non-living plant
disease agents are such things as frost, air pollution, drought, etc.
Lack of water will cause a plant to wilt. Does lack of water cause a plant
disease? (yes/no)
46. A crop damaging frost would be an example of:
A. A living plant disease agent.
B. A non-living plant disease agent.
C. Neither of these.
1-12
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47. A plant is damaged by frost. A healthy plant is planted next to it. Can the
healthy plant pick up this disease? (yes/no)
48. Diseases caused by non-living agents (can/cannot) be passed from one
plant to another.
49. The most common four (4) types of living agents that can cause plant
disease are:
• Fungi.
• Bacteria.
• Viruses.
• Nematodes.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
50. Fungi are non-green plants.
Fungi damage the plant when it grows on the plant. This can appear as
scabs or rots.
A plant shows signs of rot. It has been infected with what disease agent?
51. Bacteria are also living disease agents.
Bacteria are microscopic one-celled plants. They cause blights, wilts and
scabs.
Match the following:
A. Bacterial diseases:
B. Fungal diseases:
1-13
1. Rots or scabs.
2. Blights, wilts or scabs.
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52. Viruses are extremely tiny particles that can reproduce like other living
things. They cause mosaic disease.
The tobacco mosaic disease is caused by:
A.
B.
C.
Viruses.
Bacteria.
Fungi.
53. Other disease causing agents are nematodes (pronounced nem-a-toads).
These are tiny roundworms that live in plant roots.
Which of the following disease agents is an animal?
A. Fungi. B. Nematodes. C. Viruses.
54. Nematodes may live in plant roots and cause root knots and cysts.
Match the following:
A. Fungi:
B. Bacteria:
C. Viruses:
D. Nematodes:
1. Blights, wilts or scabs.
2. Mosaic disease.
3. Root knots and cysts.
4. Rot or scabs.
55. Living disease agents can be spread from one plant to another. For
example, if a healthy plant is growing near one with a blight, the healthy
plant (can/cannot) get the blight from the diseased plant.
56. Which plant disease agent can be spread from plant to plant. Diseases
caused by:
A. Living agents.
B. Non-living agents.
C. Both of these.
1-14
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PEST CONTROL
57. Once the pest has been identified, specific control measures can be ap-
plied.
However, just because a pest is present is no justification for using pest
control methods. Pest control is necessary only when the pest is causing
more damage than is reasonable to accept.
Pest control methods are necessary when:
A. A pest is present.
B. The pest is causing some damage.
C. The pest is causing too much damage.
58. When pest control is needed, you may not want to use pesticides. Using
pesticides is only one of many ways to control pests.
Another way to control pests is to plant pest resistant varieties of plants.
For example, some strains of tomato plants are resistant to blight disease.
If blight disease is a problem you should use:
A. Pesticides.
B. Blight resistant plants.
59. A method of reducing pest problems is to use
tant varieties of plants.
. resis-
60. The crop residues left over from last year's harvest may contain disease
agents such as fungi or bacteria.
Can crop residues help spread pests? (yes/no)
61. Another way to control pests is to destroy crop .
harvest.
.after
62. Pests can be controlled by using good manure management. Manure
management will provide some of the nutrients a plant needs.
Manure management works by:
A. Killing pests
B. Providing some of the nutrients a plant needs for growth.
63. Another pest control method is by using good
agement.
. man-
1-15
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manure
64. Clean plowing and cultivation destroys weeds and crop residues.
Is clean plowing and cultivation a pest control method? (yes/no)
65. Pests have natural enemies. For example, certain wasps kill pest insects.
Should you encourage pest killing wasps to come in and kill pest insects?
(yes/no)
fc'V;
66. Pesticides can kill pests' enemies as well as the pest themselves. You
(should/should not) use pesticides while pests' natural enemies are active.
j t.
67. Name five (5) methods of pest control without using pesticides:
A. Plant pest
B. Use good
C. Destroy crop .
D. Clean
-varieties of plants.
.management.
— and
E. Encourage use of pests' natural
*$i
s$\
|f«ijiitWtffit
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
68. Insects have:
A. Six (6) legs.
B. Eight (8) legs.
C. Ten (10) legs.
1-16
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69. Insect bodies are divided into
70. Spiders, ticks and mites have
divided into regions.
_body regions.
legs. Their bodies are
71. Which of these could be a pest animal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Birds.
Frogs.
Mammals.
All of these.
72. A weed is:
A. A type of strong rooted plant.
B. Any plant that is growing where it should not.
73. An annual weed has a life of:
A. One (1) year or less.
B. Two (2) years.
C. Several years.
74. Which of these sprouts in the fall?
A.
B.
Winter annual.
Summer annual.
75. Biennials live for
.years.
76. Which of these is the longest lived?
A. Summer annuals.
B. Biennials.
C. Perennials.
77. Plant diseases can be caused by:
A. Living agents.
B. Non-living agents.
C. Both of these.
78. An example of non-living disease agent is:
A.
B.
C.
Frost.
Nematodes.
Both of these.
1-17
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79. Match these:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fungi:
Bacteria:
Viruses:
NematnHes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mosaics.
Scabs and rot.
Blights, wilts and scabs.
Root knots and cysts.
80. Which of these is a plant reaction to disease agents?
A. Galls.
B. Lack of green color.
C. Incomplete development of parts.
D. All of these.
81. Name five (5) methods of pest control other than using pesticides:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Plant pest .
Destroy crop
Use good
Clean __ and
Encourage use of pests' natural
-varieties.
.management.
You have just completed Chapter 1, Pests and Pest Control. Now complete the
Post Test found in the back of this Chapter.
1-18
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CHAPTER 1
PESTS AND PEST CONTROL
POST TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Fungi, nematodes, viruses and bacteria may cause plant diseases.
A. true
B. false
2. Air pollution may cause plant disease.
A. true
B. false
3. Annual weeds produce seed in the second year of growth.
A. true
B. false
4. A corn plant growing in a tobacco field can be called a weed.
A. true
B. false
5. If pests are present they should be killed whether or not they are causing any damage.
A. true
B. false
6. Frogs might be considered as pests.
A. true
B. false
7. Plant diseases can be caused by non-living agents.
A. true
B. false
8. Spiders are not insects.
A. true
B. false
9. Most insects have the same type of mouth parts.
A. true
B. false
10. Any plant can be a weed.
A. true
B. false
1-19
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11. I ncomplete development of a plant's flowers can be an indication of plant disease.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
12. The animal shown here:
A. is an insect.
B. is a mite.
C. Both of these.
13. If you are trying to tell one insect from another, the most important things to look at are the:
A. wings and mouth parts.
B. body size and shape.
C. color and body markings.
D. legs and abdomen.
14. Insect pests can:
A. feed on and tunnel in roots.
B. carry plant disease agents.
C. feed on and in seeds and nuts.
D. All of these.
15. Which of these are possible pests?
A. dogs.
B. weeds.
C. viruses.
D. All of these.
16. What do you call plants that live for 2 years?
A. annuals.
B. perennials.
C. biennials.
D. winter annuals.
17. A tree is an example of:
A. an annual.
B. a biennial.
C. a perennial.
D. a semi-annual.
1-20
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18. Match the following:
A. Fungi:
B. Nematode:
C. Bacteria:
D. Viruses:
19. Match the following:
A. Summer annual:
B. Winter annual:
C. Biennial:
D. Perennial:
1. Cause rots and scabs.
2. Cause blights, wilts and scabs.
3. Cause mosaic disease.
4. Cause root cysts and knots.
1. Sprouts in the spring and lives for year or less.
2. Sprouts in the fall and lives for year or less.
3. Lives through two (2) growing seasons.
4. Lives for several years or indefinitely.
Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks:
20. Name five (5) techniques of pest control without using pesticides:
A Plant
R Usegnnrl
C. Destroy
D Clean
resistant varieties
rnanagement
residues
and cultivation.
E. Encourage pests natural
21. Insects have legs.
22. Insect bodies have regions.
23. A is a plant out of place.
24. Spiders have.
-legs.
25. Winter annuals sprout in the
1-21
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CHAPTER 2
PESTICIDES
PRE TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. A pest attractant is classified as a pesticide.
A. true
B. false
2. Plant growth regulators can both speed up and slow down plant growth.
A. true
B. false
3. A translocated herbicide must contact the whole plant in order to kill it.
A. true
B. false
4. A foliar pesticide treatment is made to the leaves of plants.
A. true
B. false
5. A defoliant can be used as a harvest aid.
A. true
B. false
6. A chemical that kills most animals coming in contact with it is highly selective.
A. true
B. false
7. A dip is like a pesticide bath.
A. true
B. false
8. An ultra low volume solution may be 100% pesticide.
A. true
B. false
9. Wettable powders dissolve in water the same way sugar or salt does.
A. true
B. false
10. Liquefied gases are used as fumigants.
A. true
B. false
2-1
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Answer the following multiple choice questions:
11. Preemergence refers to the time:
A. just before crops are planted.
B. after crops have been planted, but before plants or weeds emerge.
C. after crops and weeds emerge from the ground but before harvest.
12. Mites are killed by:
A. insecticides.
B. miticides.
C. acaricides.
D. All of these.
13. An antitranspirant is designed to:
A. kill plants.
B. kill only certain weeds.
C. make plants drop their leaves by drying them out.
D. prevent water loss by coating plant leaves.
14. A piscicide would be used to kill:
A. "trash" fish.
B. blackbirds.
C. nematodes.
D. pickle worms.
15. Slugs and snails are chemically controlled by:
A. avicides.
B. acaricides.
C. molluscicides.
D. predacides.
16. Which of these will kill some kinds of plants and cause little or no injury to others?
A. translocated herbicide.
B. selective herbicide.
C. contact herbicide.
D. non-selective herbicide.
17. Systemics:
A. kill insects feeding on the sap of plants treated with the chemical.
B. kill on contact.
C. kill when inhaled by pest animals.
D. kill weed plants when it enters through the plant roots.
18. What pesticide application method is shown in this picture?
A. band.
B. directed.
C. soil incorporation.
D. sidedress.
2-2
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19. A spray that kills insects when they touch it is called:
A. a contact insecticide.
B. a stomach poison.
C. a fumigant.
D. a desiccant.
20. What pesticide application method is shown here?
A. broadcast.
B. drench.
C. band.
D. in-furrow.
21. Match the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H
Drennhi
Sidedress:
Spot treatment:
In-furrow:
Directed:
Pour-on:
Rroarirast:
Over-the-too:
1
3
4,
5
6.
7.
Uniform application to an area.
Poured on back of livestock.
Application along side of crop row.
Either saturation of soil with pesticide or application of liquid pesti-
cide to mouth of animal.
Application over top of growing crop.
Application in the furrow of planted crops.
Aim pesticide at part of plant or animal.
8. Application of pesticide to small area.
22. Match the following:
A. Dusts:
B. Granules:
C. Wettable powders:
D. Soluble powders:
E. Baits:
F. Emulsifiable concentrate:
G. Solutions:
H. Flowables:
I. Aerosols:
1. Used to mist inside of barn.
2. Inert ingredient might be corn.
3. Must be constantly agitated in spray tank to keep suspension.
4. Liquid formulation that forms an emulsion in water.
5. Liquid formulation that forms a suspension in water.
6. Dry formulation that dissolves in water.
7. Liquid formulation that can be used straight from the can
on livestock.
8. Dry formulation made with fine powder as inert ingredient.
9. Dry formulation made with coarse particles.
23. Fill in the blanks:
.ingredients +.
-ingredients = pesticide formulation.
2-3
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
2-4
-------
CHAPTER 2
PESTICIDES
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. When non-chemical methods fail to control pests, and when pests are
doing an unacceptable amount of damage, then pesticides should be used.
This chapter will cover types of pesticides and how they work.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
2. "Cide" means killing. A homicide involves the
person.
.of a
3. Roughly speaking, the word "pesticide" refers to the
of pests.
4. Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests. This may involve killing
them. Because of Government regulations, the following are also classed as
pesticides:
• Chemicals used to attract or repel pests.
• Chemicals used to regulate plant growth.
• Chemicals used to remove plant leaves.
• Chemicals used to coat plant leaves.
A chemical used to make plants drop their leaves (is/is not) classified as a
pesticide.
5. An attractant is a pesticide that is used to .
.pests (pos-
sible so that they can be destroyed or captured).
A repellant is a pesticide that keeps
.away.
6. Foliage refers to plant leaves.
A defoliant is a pesticide that makes plants:
A. Grow bigger.
B. Drop their leaves.
2-5
-------
B
Drop their Itdvest
7. A desiccant acts to kill leaves. It makes plants dry up. This:
A. Increases plant foliage.
B. Destroys the plant's leaves and stems.
8.
Desiccants and defoliants are not always used on pest plants. They can be
used to remove leaves and stems to aid in the harvesting of crops such as
potatoes, soybeans and cotton. The cotton shown in which picture would
be easier to harvest?
A.
9. A plant growth regulator is another chemical clas-
sified as a pesticide, even though it may not be
used on pest plants. This chemical can speed up,
slow down, stop, or otherwise change normal plant
functioning.
If you wanted to speed up the growth of seedlings
you would use a:
A. Plant growth regulator.
B. Desiccant or defoliant.
C. Both of these.
/% r n .L - r ffr
, ' - , 'fy
Plant growth regulator. ">;v/-r df
decrease
10. When humans lose moisture through the pores in their skin, it is called
perspiration.
Plants lose water through pores in their leaves. This is called transpiration.
If plant leaves were coated so that these pores were covered, transpiration
would (increase/decrease).
11. An antitranspirant is a chemical that coats plant leaves. This (increases/
reduces) water loss. \»n-iedj.es/
2-6
-------
12. Again, because of their chemical nature, antitranspirants are classified as
pesticides.
The purpose of antitranspirants is to:
A. Lower water loss from transpiration.
B. Kill plants.
13. Which of these is classified as a pesticide?
A. Plant growth regulators.
B. Pest attractants and repellants.
C. Antitranspirants.
D. All of these.
14. Match these:
A. Attractant:
B. Repellant:
C. Desiccant and defoliant:
D. Plant growth regulator:
E. Antitranspirant:
1. Used to remove leaves
and stems.
2. Changes the rate of
plant growth.
3. Keeps pests away.
4. Reduces plant water
loss.
5. Lures pests.
15. Some pesticides act in such a way that they will kill a large variety of
plants or animals. These are non-selective pesticides.
Other pesticides are selective—they kill only specific types of plants or
animals.
A pesticide that kills grass but not corn is (selective/non-selective).
16. A chemical that kills most animals coming in contact with it is a (selec-
tive/non-selective) pesticide.
17. Exhibit I in the back of this chapter lists different types of pesticides and
what they control.
Read them through before answering the following questions.
Refer back to the Exhibit to help you find the correct answers.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
18. Which pesticide would be used to control fungus?
cide.
2-7
-------
19. Which pesticide would be used to control small rodents such as rats or
mice?
cide.
20. The word "herb" refers to plants. What pesticide would be used to kill
plants?
21. The word "avis" means bird in Latin.
An avicide would be used to control:
A. Blackbirds.
B. Spiders.
C. Rats.
D. All of these.
22. Mollusks are animals like snails, slugs, claims, etc.
To kill land snails that may be damaging melons you would use a
23. According to Exhibit I, what type of pesticide would be used on mites,
ticks and spiders?
24. Actually, mites, ticks and spiders are closely related to insects. Check
Exhibit I again.
Can some insecticides be used on mites, ticks and spiders? (yes/no)
25. Which of these could be used on mites?
A. Miticide.
B. Insecticide.
C. Acaricide.
D. All of these.
26. "Piscus" in Latin means fish.
Which pesticide could be used on pest fish?
2-8
-------
27. Match the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Miticide:
Nematicide:
Bactericide:
Predacide:
1. Controls nematodes.
2. Controls predators or other pest
animals.
3. Controls bacteria.
4. Controls mites.
HOW PESTICIDES WORK
28. Pesticides work in a variety of ways. One type of pesticide works on
contact. It kills the pest when the pest touches the pesticide.
Another type of pesticide works when it is swallowed. This is a stomach
poison.
A bait for killing rats is:
A. A contact pesticide.
B. A stomach poison.
29. A pesticide used to kill crawling insects would more likely be:
A. A contact pesticide.
B. A stomach poison.
30. A systemic is a pesticide that is fed into a plant's or animal's system.
The systemic pesticide makes the blood or sap poisonous to the pest
feeding on it.
The systemic pesticide must be (selective/non-selective).
31. A plant is treated with a chemical that makes its sap poisonous to insects
feeding on its leaves and stems. This is an example of a:
A. Systemic pesticide.
B. Contact pesticide.
32. "Trans" means to "move". The word "translocated" means to "move
location". Some herbicides enter the plant through one part and spread
through the whole plant. This entry might come by way of the leaves,
roots, or some other part of the plant.
These are called translocated herbicides.
A translocated herbicide:
A. Stays in one part of the plant.
B. Moves throughout the plant.
2-9
-------
-
,yV^ - [>i a-
the
33. A translocated herbicide:
A. Must contact the whole plant to kill it.
B. Need only contact part of the plant to kill it.
„' , '/"/s
34. A fumigant is a pesticide that turns to a gas before it kills pests.
A fumigant works:
A. Only if it is eaten.
B. When it is inhaled or absorbed.
35. Match these:
A.
B.
it, J* t* iitf-i c
wf&Jk iffiJi^fettiSlh ^ J -1 f i^
'
D.
Contacts:
Stomach
poisons:
Translocated
herbicides:
Fumigants:
E. System ics:
1. Kills pests feeding on sap made
poisonous.
2. Is absorbed on plant leaves and
travels to other plant parts.
3. Turns to a gas.
4. Must be eaten to kill.
5. Kills when pest touches it.
PV- ri'A.
ft a
WHEN TO USE PESTICIDES
36. There are different times in a growing season when pesticides are to be
applied.
For control of some summer annual weeds, a field should be treated
before planting the crop.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
37. "Pre" means "before". Using a pesticide at preplanting means that the
pesticide is used -planting.
38. Preemergence is when a pesticide is used (before/after) plants and weeds
appear.
39. "Post" means "after".
Match these:
A. Preplant:
B. Preemergence: _
C. Postemergence: _
1.
2.
3.
Use after crops and weeds have
emerged.
Use before crops or weeds have
emerged.
Use before crop has been
planted.
2-10
-------
HOW TO USE PESTICIDES
40. Exhibit 2 in the back of this Chapter lists some of the ways pesticides can
be applied.
Read these over and answer the following questions. Refer back to Exhibit
2 when necessary.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
41. What applica-
tion method
is shown in
the picture
below?
A. Band.
B. Broad-
cast.
C. Pour
on.
42. Broadcast application would be directed to:
A. Specific plants.
B. Covering an acre uniformly.
C. Covering only a row of plants.
43. Cattle can be immersed in a pesticide bath to kill mites or ticks. This
method is called:
A. Sidedress.
B. Dip.
C. Spot treatment.
44. Pouring a pesticide along the midline of the backs of cattle is called:
A. Pour on.
B. Foliar.
C. Drench.
45. The picture here shows what application
method?
A. Directed.
B. In-furrow.
C. Sidedress.
2-11
-------
46. Spraying a pesticide on top of a growing plant is called:
A.
B.
Drench.
Over-the-top.
47. The picture shows:
A. Spot treatment.
B. Drench.
C. Broadcast soil incorporation.
48. Drench application of a pesticide could refer to two (2) different situa-
tions. Check Exhibit 2 again.
Drench application means:
A. Saturating or soaking the soil with pesticide.
B. Treating an animal by mouth with liquid pesticide.
C. Both of these.
49. What is the application along the side of a crop row called?
50. Foliage refers to the leaves of a plant.
What is the application of pesticide to the leaves of a plant called?
——— application.
51. An in-furrow application of pesticide is made in or to the
—in which the plant has been planted.
52. An application of pesticide to a small area is called
treatment.
53. Match the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Dip:
Foliar:
Drench:
Broadcast:
Sidedress:
Pour on:
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Uniform application to an entire spe-
cific area.
Immersion or bath in the pesticide.
Application to leaves.
Poured on back of livestock.
Application along side of crop row.
Either saturation of soil with pesti-
cide or application of liquid pesti-
cide to mouth of cattle.
2-12
-------
54. Match the following:
A. Band:
C. In-furrow:
D. Over-the-top:
E. Soil
Spot treatment:
1. Application over the top of
growing crop.
2. Application in the furrow in
which a plant is planted.
3. Mixed with the soil.
4. Application to small area.
5. Application to strip along row
of plants.
6. Aim pesticide at part of plant
or animal.
TYPES OF PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS
55. Pesticides are rarely applied full strength. Usually the pesticide is mixed
with another ingredient.
The chemical that does the work in a pesticide formulation is the
__^_____ .ingredient.
Active ingredients
(the chemicals that do the work)
Inert ingredients
(make the product easier to apply)
Pesticide formulation
56. The inert ingredient in the formulation:
A. Kills pests.
B. Helps in applying the pesticide.
57. Fill in the blanks:
pesticide formulation.
. ingredients +.
.ingredients =
58. Pesticide formulations can be liquid or dry. We will consider the liquid
formulations first.
In a liquid formulation, the active ingredient is mixed with a
2-13
-------
59. One type of liquid formulation is the solution (S).
Solutions are ready to use straight from the container. They are often used
on livestock and in barns.
Do solutions have to be mixed with anything else? (yes/no)
60. An emulsion is a mixture of two (2) liquids, where one liquid is broken up
into tiny drops in the other liquid. An example of this is oil and water. If
soap is added to the mixture, the oil can be broken up and mixed with the
water.
Which picture shows an emulsion?
-OIL
— WATER
•°«
• 0
0«
o
° **«
*
— OIL
DROPLETS
A.
61. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC or E) comes in the form of an oily liquid.
Since it is concentrated, it is mixed with water to form an emulsion. This
emulsion is then applied with a sprayer.
An emulsifiable concentrate is used:
A. Mixed with water.
B. Full strength from the container.
62. A flowable (F or L) can also be mixed with water for use in a sprayer. The
flowable liquid forms a suspension in the water.
Which of these is ready to use straight from the container:
A. Emulsifiable concentrate.
B. Flowable.
C. Solution.
D. All of these.
2-14
-------
63. The ultra low volume solution (ULV) is a highly concentrated formula-
tion. In fact, it may contain the active ingredient alone. Ultra low volume
solutions require special equipment to apply them.
Ultra low volume solutions (ULV) are
formulations and are applied with _
. concentrated
.equipment.
64. Aerosols (A) are low concentrate solutions, usually applied as a fine spray
or mist indoors. Some are sold in pressurized cans.
Which is a more likely application of aerosols?
A. Spray corn for ear worms.
B. Spray barns for flying insects.
65. Liquified gases turn into gases when they are used.
Liquified gases are used:
A.
B.
As fumigants.
As sprays.
66. Which of the following may come in a pressurized container?
A.
B.
C.
Solution.
Liquified gas.
Flowable.
67. Which of the following formulations may be active ingredient only?
A. Ultra low volume solutions.
B. Solutions.
C. Aerosols.
68. Which of the following should be mixed with water before using?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Solutions.
Flowables.
Aerosols.
All of these.
69. Which of these is ready to use from the container?
A. Solutions.
B. Flowables.
C. Emulsifiable concentrates.
D. None of these.
2-15
-------
DRY FORMULATIONS
70. Dry formulations come in a solid or powdery form. Some are made to be
mixed with water.
Dry formulations are used:
A. Dry, as they come from the package.
B. Mixed with water.
C. Either dry or mixed with water.
71. Dt/sts (D) are made by adding the active ingredient to a fine, inert powder.
The dust is put on dry.
Which picture shows dust being applied?
?l f.
72. Granules (G) are made by mixing the active ingredient with coarse parti-
cles of some inert material.
f n
i v
Which picture shows an enlargement of granules?
A.
73. Granules may be used like dusts.
Granules are:
A. Applied dry.
B. Mixed with water.
A»>'
#i$
74. S0/U6/e powders (SP) are made to dissolve in water. The solution is then
applied to crops.
Soluble powders are:
A. Sprayed on crops.
B. Dusted on crops.
2-16
-------
A_
en
75. Wettable powders (W or WP) are also made to mix with water, but they do
not dissolve in the water. Instead, they form a suspension (a little like a
mixture of fine flour and water).
Wettable powders:
A. Stay mixed with water.
B. Will settle out of water unless they are constantly stirred or
agitated.
._ ,
un-
76. Which of these must be agitated as it is applied?
A.
B.
77. Poisonous baits are another dry formulation. These are made by mixing an
active ingredient with some type of food or other attractive substance.
The inert ingredient in poisonous baits for rats could be:
IIJM JL Cj -|J .Tljt| 1 r | 1-
life/ \ - '
A. The pesticide.
B. Raw meat.
*^^\li^~_ _ T i , t 78. Match these:
"I?!"1! r '> - A.
W^f^ ' ~,> C.
rf^'f'jijA '('" , i ""IL" ' = D
'ffflf'^- ^ '-, , E.
fell '^Vi.'.-"', |J~ °V-r ' ,
Dusts:
Granules'
Wettahlp powders:
Soluhlp powders:
Baits:
1. Dissolves in water
2 Mix with water to form a
suspension.
3 Fine powder applied dry
4 Coarse particles
5. Food is the inert ingredient.
,%,'i,,, '?ir -V _ 79. Match these:
J-.|iT^H\k "\, h"'1 ' ' T' |Jc
^''r^rii''1 j " j -' Ip ' A
^f J It J 1 K J 1 f f L j ^ I _
t^ ' " HL ' i ''41 \ ' -'" 'L 1 f D
r" i, ' i " r-«~'t^ E
p^i "i,^ , '' rn, V| " ' f , ' l v, fK ^ F
$K? ', ( 6-Ll ri-\ \'
|^f>ji'i>^^L|l 't j '(i i i~' >v 1- <'''.L
If^HlV'i'1,'1 ^F) |' i_i^' il''([ ly.'^
*if''ii;i' ll^ll>- f'1'^1 -! , IT , "i ;'ji' '^^
jS|L 1 Jl l i rl i J< ,T, J r r^jiit-!-' ^ f1 ' 1 'f ] L I'Sl* L1"'
j^J^-jjl |lr| w 4.1 i) 1 J^M I jj -1 - I — l^i rH'iJ-plLT
5|-f^H -,' II -', H , ' ' -'Vrri, , '.-1 U
Emulsifiable concentrates:
Ultra low volume solutions:
Solutions:
Flowables:
Aerosols:
Liquified gases:
1. Mixed with water to
form susppnsinn
2 Rpady tn n$e frnm
rnntainpr
3 Form? fmulsion
with water
4 Applied as a mist
indoors.
5. Fumigant.
6. Highly concen-
trated and requires
special application
equipment.
2-17
-------
B, «
< c, 2
0, t
£., 4
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
80. Which of these is classed as a pesticide?
A. Rodenticides.
B. Pest attractants.
C. Antitranspirants.
D. All of these.
81. An antitranspirant is used to prevent
Joss in plants.
82. Desiccants and defoliants are used to remove plant
83. A non-selective pesticide kills:
A. Only one specific pest.
B. Many kinds of plant or animal life.
^
ftil
-'' ,i 84. Which of these is used to control fish?
0t,plant *»«* A' A«ricide.
, * L B. Herbicide.
^c IK '' C. Aviscide.
J'fl - \ V"",'",'' D. Piscicide.
Wri
^
85. Which of these kill pests by making blood or sap of a living host poisonous
to the pest?
A. Contact pesticide.
B. Translocated herbicide.
C. Systemics.
D. Fumigant.
86. The postemergence application of a herbicide to kill weeds occurs (be-
fore/after) the weeds have appeared.
87. If the soil is saturated with an insecticide, this is called:
A. Drench.
B. Foliar.
C. Dip.
D. Directed.
88. Which of these is also called drench treatment?
A. Aiming the pesticide at a portion of a plant
B. Pouring the pesticide along the mid-line of the back of live-
stock.
C. Oral treatment of an animal with a liquid pesticide.
2-18
-------
89. Pesticide formulations come in the form of:
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS +
INGREDIENTS
You have just completed Chapter 2, Pesticides. Now complete the Post Test
found in the back of this Chapter.
2-19
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
2-20
-------
CHAPTER 2
PESTICIDES
POST TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. A pest attractant is classified as a pesticide.
A. true
B. false
2. Plant growth regulators can both speed up and slow down plant growth.
A. true
B. false
3. A translocated herbicide must contact the whole plant in order to kill it.
A. true
B. false
4. A foliar pesticide treatment is made to the leaves of plants.
A. true
B. false
5. A defoliant can be used as a harvest aid.
A. true
B. false
6. A chemical that kills most animals coming in contact with it is highly selective.
A. true
B. false
7. A dip is like a pesticide bath.
A. true
B. false
8. An ultra low volume solution may be 100% pesticide.
A. true
B. false
9. Wettable powders dissolve in water the same way sugar or salt does.
A. true
B. false
10. Liquefied gases are used as fumigants.
A. true
B. false
2-21
-------
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
11. Preemergence refers to the time:
A. just before crops are planted.
B. after crops have been planted, but before plants or weeds emerge.
C. after crops and weeds emerge from the ground but before harvest.
12. Mites are killed by:
A. insecticides.
B. miticides.
C. acaricides.
D. All of these.
13. An antitranspirant is designed to:
A. kill plants.
B. kill only certain weeds.
C. make plants drop their leaves by drying them out.
D. prevent water loss by coating plant leaves.
14. A piscicide would be used to kill:
A. "trash" fish.
B. blackbirds.
C. nematodes.
D. pickle worms.
15. Slugs and snails are chemically controlled by:
A. avicides.
B. acaricides.
C. molluscicides.
D. predacides.
16. Which of these will kill some kinds of plants and cause little or no injury to others?
A. translocated herbicide.
B. selective herbicide.
C. contact herbicide.
D. non-selective herbicide.
17. Systemics:
A. kill insects feeding on the sap of plants treated with the chemical
B. kill on contact.
C. kill when inhaled by pest animals.
D. kill weed plants when it enters through the plant roots.
18. What pesticide application method is shown in this picture?
A. band.
B. directed.
C. soil incorporation.
D. sidedress.
2-22
-------
19. A spray that kills insects when they touch it is called:
A. a contact insecticide.
B. a stomach poison.
C. a fumigant.
D. a desiccant.
20. What pesticide application method is shown here?
A. broadcast.
B. drench.
C. band.
D. in-furrow.
V'jft
21. Match the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Prenrh-
SirieriYess-
Spot treatment:
In-furrow
Direrteri:
Pour-on-
Rroadr.ast :
Ouer-the-top:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8.
Uniform application to an area.
Poured on back of livestock.
Application along side of crop row.
Either saturation of soil with pesticide or application of liquid pesti-
cide to mouth of animal.
Application over top of growing crop.
Application in the furrow of planted crops.
Aim pesticide at part of plant or animal.
Application of pesticide to small area.
22. Match the following:
A. Dusts:
B. Granules:
C. Wettable powders:
D. Soluble powders:
E. Baits:
F. Emulsifiable concentrate:
G. Solutions:
H. Flowables:
I. Aerosols:
1. Used to mist inside of barn.
2. Inert ingredient might be corn.
3. Must be constantly agitated in spray tank to keep suspension.
4. Liquid formulation that forms an emulsion in water.
5. Liquid formulation that forms a suspension in water.
6. Dry formulation that dissolves in water.
7. Liquid formulation that can be used straight from the can
on livestock.
8. Dry formulation made with fine powder as inert ingredient.
9. Dry formulation made with coarse particles.
23. Fill in the blanks:
.ingredients +.
.ingredients = pesticide formulation.
2-23
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
2-24
-------
CHAPTER 2, EXHIBIT 1
PESTICIDES
Here are the types and uses of the most common pesticides:
Insecticide: controls insects and other related pests such as ticks and spiders.
Miticide: controls mites.
Acaricide: controls mites, ticks and spiders.
Nematicide: controls nematodes.
Fungicide: controls fungi.
Bactericide: controls bacteria.
Herbicide: controls weeds.
Rodenticide: controls rodents.
Avicide: controls birds.
Piscicide: controls fish.
Molluscicide: controls mollusks, such as slugs and snails.
Predacide: controls pest animals.
2-25
-------
CHAPTER 2, EXHIBIT 2
Band: application to a strip or band over or along each crop row.
Broadcast: uniform application to an entire, specific area.
Dip: complete or partial immersion of a plant, animal, or object in a pesticide.
Directed: aiming the pesticide at a portion of a plant, animal, or structure.
Drench: saturating the soil with a pesticide; oral treatment of an animal with a liquid pesticide.
Foliar: application to the leaves of a plant.
In-furrow: application to or in the furrow in which a plant is planted.
Over-the-top: application over the top of the growing crop.
Pour-on: pouring the pesticide along the midline of the back of livestock.
Sidedress: application along the side of a crop row.
Soil incorporation: application to the soil followed by use of tillage implements to mix the pesticide with the soil.
Spot treatment: application to a small area.
2-26
-------
CHAPTER 3
LABELS AND LABELING
PRE TEST
1. The labeling for a pesticide includes only the information found on the pesticide label.
A. true
B. false
2. Using Exhibit 2, fill in the following:
The brand name shown on this label is
The common name for the active ingredient is
The chemical name is
The net contents are
The name and address of the manufacturer is _
3. The ingredient statement on a label must contain:
A. the names of the active ingredient(s) and their amount.
B. the names of the inert ingredients.
C. the amount of inert ingredients.
D. A and C above.
4. The EPA registration number on this label tells you:
A. that EPA registered the product.
B. That the product can be legally sold.
C. the factory that made the chemical.
5. The EPA establishment number on a product:
A. identifies the factory that made the product.
B. tells you where the product was made.
C. Both of the above.
6. Match the following:
A. CAUTION 1. Moderately toxic
B. WARNING 2. Highly toxic
C. DANGER 3. Low order toxicity
7. Which of the following will be listed on a pesticide label?
A. Environmental hazards
B. Physical or chemical hazards
C. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
D. All of the above.
•
8. The REENTR Y STA TEMENT on the pesticide label tells you what?
Answer
3-1
-------
9. The DIRECTIONS FOR USE will tell you what pests the pesticide will control and what crops the pesticide can be
used on.
A. true
B. false
10. Assume that you have been poisoned by a pesticide. The first source of information and instructions for first aid
should come from:
A. a doctor.
B. the pesticide label.
C. a reference book on poisons.
D. the local pesticide dealer.
11. Look at Exhibit 2 again.
An empty container of DEPESTO should be disposed of by
DEPESTO is limited to application by applicators.
DEPESTO is a use pesticide.
It is a violation of to use this pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.
3-2
-------
CHAPTER 3
LABELS AND LABELING
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. Pesticides are required by law to be properly labeled. Certain information
must appear on the label in specific places.
This chapter will cover the organization of the pesticide label and explain
the information found on the label.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
2. There are 2 Exhibits that will be used for this chapter.
Exhibit 1 is a model outline label. It does not contain any specific infor-
mation.
Exhibit 2 is a sample label with made-up information. This is not a real
label.
Refer to these 2 exhibits as you go through this chapter.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
3. When you buy a pesticide, you will receive instructions on how it should
be used. These instructions will be found on: (1) the label attached to the
container, (2) brochures and flyers put out by the manufacturer, or (3)
printed information handed out by your dealer.
Information on how to use a pesticide:
A. is found only on the label.
B. is given on the label and additional materials such as brochures
and handouts.
3-3
-------
B
is given on the label and addi-
tional materials such as bro-
chures and handouts.
4. All of the printed instructions that come with the pesticide are part of the
labeling.
Labeling includes:
LABEL
A.
B.
C.
D.
BROCHURE
FLYER
the label on the container.
product brochures.
flyers.
All of the above.
All of the above.
5. The label is what is printed on or attached to a pesticide container. The
remainder of this program will cover the parts of the label itself.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
6. The most prominent information to appear on the label is the "brand
name" of the pesticide. However, there may be several different names for
the same pesticide.
Check Exhibit 1. This is the model label with no filled in information.
The largest name to appear on this label is the name
product
7. Check Exhibit 2. This has sample (but made-up) information.
The brand name of this pesticide is ________^
DEPESTO
8. The product you buy is usually not purely a pesticide chemical but rather
a mixture of several ingredients called a formulation.
Check Exhibit 1.
The ingredients of a pesticide formulation are broken down as
. _ ingredients and _ingredients.
3-4
-------
active
inert
9. The (active/inert) ingredients are the ones that do the work.
i fl i ^ 10. Active ingredients may be called by 2 different names.
'
t *,'i First, the active ingredient will have a chemical name. Some chemicals are
H^i, 4 given a common name to make them easier to identify.
' "r^ For example, the pesticide l-napthyl-N-methylcarbamate has an official
GI/, common name, carbaryl. Which is the common name?
,?!n
'' Vr* ;'>%*
12. The chemical name of the active ingredient is:
A. DEPESTO.
B. Pestoff.
C. Tri-salicylic acid.
13. The purpose of the brand name is to distinguish this product from others
made by different manufacturers.
DEPESTO is:
A. a brand name.
B. the name of the formulation, but not the active ingredient.
C. Both of these.
3-5
-------
14. Match the following:
c
Both of these,
' V ,
J '
j J| ^ i
f
f r f1"1 '
>^',V
" 'i,^ Jl
' & i ,'
J "
'•/•' A. 3
/f V ; , B, 1
"&''< ' & *,
"i-pjj \
?£>: , , ' ;
?/?,- '* •**-', .'. . /'',.
A Brand name i Pestoff
B rnrnmnn name 2 Tri-salicylir an'd
C Chemiral name 3 DEPESTO
15. Check Exhibit 2.
'; / Are the inert ingredients named? (yes/no)
• !'f
t^ r
1 i
no
16. The ingredient statement on the label also tells you the amount of active
and inert ingredients there are in the formulation.
Check Exhibit 1.
These amounts are first given as a
and a of inert ingredient.
_of active ingredient
percent
percent
17. What is the percent of active ingredient in Exhibit 2?
18. Check Exhibit 1.
Below the ingredient statement is a statement that tells you how much
active ingredient there is in a gallon of formulation.
This is given as .
^per gallon.
™\^,r>:w,!iJf
'^^f^^^tm
:^'te^^#
-------
21. On Exhibit 2 what is the net contents of this container?
A, one pint.
B. one quart.
C. one gallon.
22. The law requires the manufacturer or distributor to have his name on the
label so that you know who made or sold the product.
Check Exhibit 1 at the bottom of the label.
Is the manufacturer's address also required?
(yes/no)
yes
23. According to the label in Exhibit 2, who is the manufacturer of
DEPESTO?
24. Every pesticide product registered with the EPA has an EPA registration
number assigned to it.
Which of these statements is true?
A. Each can of DEPESTO has an EPA registration number.
B. All cans of DEPESTO must carry the same EPA registration
number and an EPA establishment number.
Alt cans of
the same
\ number and an EPA e
ment number.
25. The EPA registration number must appear on the label.
The EPA establishment number identifies the factory that made the chem-
ical. It does not have to appear on the label, but it will be somewhere on
each container.
The establishment number (is/is not) listed on Exhibit 1.
- ',.-'-*•&'
r i' "*i-
.- > '"V' f\
, yv " ?r-"- j 5
1 «• '-f,Jf~i 5^|^
, ^ , V fml~» \F\lfl,'
26. Refer to Exhibit 2.
If you were asked for the EPA registration number for DEPESTO, what
number would you give?
If you were asked for the EPA establishment number of DEPESTO, what
number would you give?
3-7
-------
27. It is possible for two different cans of DEPESTO brand pestoff to have
different (EPA registration/EPA establishment) numbers.
HUMAN HAZARD WARNINGS
28. One of the more obvious warnings on a pesticide label is the signal word.
According to Exhibit 1, you would expect this pesticide to be (highly/not
too) toxic.
&:SC, • "/:'/"*"
l|fe^V . . .
«-£- >,-/•• i.,v,- ,';•.-,-. 29. The signal words on a label tell you how toxic or hazardous the product is
to people. The following signal words have meanings fixed by law:
highly
fii I*
DANGER WARNING CAUTION
Refer to Exhibit \. Which word indicates the greatest hazard to humans?
',.-,.. A.
\ B.
- " "' ' C.
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
30. Match the following:
A. DANGER
B. WARNING^
C. CAUTION
} Moderately toxic
2. Highly toxic
3. Low order toxicity
A, 2
&. 1
C, 3
31. In addition, all products that carry the signal word DANGER must also
carry the word POISON printed in red and the skull and crossbones
symbol.
The skull and crossbones would be found with what signal word?
A. DANGER
B. WARNING
C. CAUTION
3-8
-------
32. According to Exhibit 2, DEPESTO has (high/moderate/low order) toxic.
33. Signal words are also associated with the amounts it would take to kill a
person.
Signal
Words
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
Toxicity
Highly
Toxic
Moderately
Toxic
Low-Order
Toxicity
Approximate Amount
Needed To Kill the
Average Person
A taste to a teaspoonful
A teaspoonful to a
tablespoonful
An ounce to more than a
pint
For a pesticide labeled "WARNING", it would take approximately how
much pesticide to cause a fatality?
A. teaspoonful B. at least an ounce or more
34. Approximately how much of a highly toxic pesticide does it take to kill
someone?
35. Could an average person be killed by a teaspoonful of DEPESTO? (yes/no)
36. All pesticide labels must bear the statement "KEEP OUT OF REACH OF
CHILDREN".
This child hazard statement will appear on:
A. labels for highly toxic materials.
B. the labels on all pesticide containers.
3-9
-------
•
-------
/'< f
bfc.Lf.jrt.
43. The PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS section lists other dangers as well
as those to humans or domestic animals.
There are possible environmental hazards as well. These include threats to
wildlife and to water supplies.
Identify the following as an environmental or chemical hazard of
DEPESTO:
A. flammable (chemical/environmental)
B. danger of drifting to non-target areas (chemical/environ-
mental)
C. may contaminate water with runoff (chemical/environmental)
environmen
44. Look at Exhibit 2.
Is DEPESTO toxic to bees? (yes/no)
ytis
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
45. Some of the things the DIRECTIONS FOR USE will tell you are:
Pests the product will control.
Crops or animals the product can be used on.
How the product should be applied, and how much to use.
Where and when the product should be applied.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
46. Check Exhibit 1.
Note that directions are given:
A. for all crops in one section.
B. for each crop separately.
C. Both of the above.
47. The DIRECTIONS FOR USE section of the DEPESTO label will tell you
which of the following?
How much DEPESTO to use per acre (yes/no)
If DEPESTO can be used on corn (yes/no)
If DEPESTO will be effective in controlling sugarcane borer (yes/no)
How close to harvest time DEPESTO can safely be applied (yes/no)
3-11
-------
, water or feed
. !>
53. Every pesticide label must show whether the contents are for general use
or restricted use.
Refer to Exhibit 2.
DEPESTO is:
A. a restricted use pesticide.
B. a general use pesticide.
*'
*,
54. A restricted use pesticide can only be used by:
A. a certified applicator, or someone he is supervising.
B. professional pest control operators.
tffted applicator, 01*
ne he is supervising.1
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
55. DEPESTO (is/is not) the name of a real pesticide.
-------
pesticide plus Inert i
ents
59. The pesticide label gives the brand name, and the ingredients and their
percentages.
The label will usually tell you how much
there is in one gallon of formulation.
.ingredient
active
60. The label also tells you:
.manufactured the product, the .
of the manufacturer, and the
ber.
.registration num-
*••'-'.' M
61. The label also tells you in a prominent signal word the hazard warning that
applies to the formulation. There are three levels of hazard and thus, three
levels of warnings.
A. DANGER
B. WARNING
C. CAUTION
Which of the above is a warning for the most dangerous pesticide?
62. The area of the label that contains the human hazard warning also tells
you the (emergency treatment/detailed instructions for a doctor) in case
of pesticide poisoning.
63. Every pesticide label must bear a statement that the pesticide must be kept
out of the reach of
64. The pesticide label contains:
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL directions
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
DIRECTIONS FOR USE (are/are not) given for individual crops.
3-14
-------
65. Would the DIRECTIONS FOR USE include the following information?
Name of specific crop, (yes/no)
66. Amount of product to use. (yes/no)
67. How to apply this product, (yes/no)
68. The label may also tell you who may use the pesticide, (yes/no)
You have just completed Chapter 3, Labels and Labeling. Now complete
the post test at the back of this chapter.
3-15
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
3-16
-------
CHAPTER 3
LABELS AND LABELING
POST TEST
1. The labeling for a pesticide includes only the information found on the pesticide label.
A. true
B. false
2. Using Exhibit 2, fill in the following:
The brand name shown on this label is
The common name for the active ingredient is
The chemical name is
The net contents are
The name and address of the manufacturer is _
3. The ingredient statement on a label must contain:
A. the names of the active ingredient(s) and their amount.
B. the names of the inert ingredients.
C. the amount of inert ingredients.
D. A and C above.
4. The EPA registration number on this label tells you:
A. that EPA registered the product.
B. That the product can be legally sold.
C. the factory that made the chemical.
5. The EPA establishment number on a product:
A. identifies the factory that made the product.
B. tells you where the product was made.
C. Both of the above.
6. Match the following:
A. CAUTION 1. Moderately toxic
B. WARNING 2. Highly toxic
C. DANGER 3. Low order toxicity
7. Which of the following will be listed on a pesticide label?
A. Environmental hazards
B. Physical or chemical hazards
C. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
D. All of the above.
8. The REENTR Y STA TEMENT on the pesticide label tells you what?
Answer ——
3-17
-------
9. The DIRECTIONS FOR USE will tell you what pests the pesticide will control and what crops the pesticide can be
used on.
A. true
B. false
10. Assume that you have been poisoned by a pesticide. The first source of information and instructions for first aid
should come from:
A. a doctor.
B. the pesticide label.
C. a reference book on poisons.
D. the local pesticide dealer.
11. Look at Exhibit 2 again.
An empty container of DEPESTO should be disposed of by
DEPESTO is limited to application by applicators.
DEPESTO is a use pesticide.
It is a violation of to use this pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.
3-18
-------
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(& DOMESTIC ANIMALS)
DANGER
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It a a violation of Federal law to use
this product in a manner inconsistent
with its labeling
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(H Applicable)
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL
STORAGE•
DISPOSAL:
CROP: -
RESTRICTED USE
PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION
PRODUCT
NAME
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
INERT INGREDIENTS:
TOTAL:
100.00%
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS LBS OF PER GALLON
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER —POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED:
IF INHALED =
IF ON SKIN
IF IN EYES :^=
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY
TOWN. STATE
ESTABLISHMENT NO.:
EPA REGISTRATION NO.:
NET CONTENTS:
CROP:
CROP:
CROP:
CROP:
CROP:
WARRANTY STATEMENT
m
DO
CO
m
x
65
-------
PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poisonous bv swallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe spray mln. Do not get In
Byes. Avoid contact with skin. Wear a
mask or respirator of • type pnted by
the Mining Enforcement Safety Adminis-
tration and the National Institute for Oc-
cupational Safety & Health for De Pesto
protection. For emergency assistance call
ooo-ooo-oooo
TO PHYSICIAN. Oe Pesto is a reverstole
cholirrasterase inhibitor. Do not use
oximes such as 2-FAM. Give Atropine
2mg, intravenously or subcutaneousJy. If
In eye instill one drop of Homatrophine.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thrs product Is toxic to fish, birds and
other wildlife. Birds feeding on treated
areas may be killed. Keep out of any
body of water. Do not apply where run-
off is likely to occur. Do not apply when
weather conditions favor drift from areas
treated. Do not contaminate water bv
cleaning of equipment or disposal of
wanes. This product is toxic to bees and
should not be applied when bees ar* ac-
tively visiting the area.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
F lammablel Keep away from heat or
open flame
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
product i
labeling.
sistent with its
RE ENTRY STATEMENT
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
For use only by agricultural pest control
applkators.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE - Store in original container.
Do not store next to food, water or feed
tion by humans or animals.
DISPOSAL - Destroy by burying in a
safe place.
OR
Contact Local, State or Regional Federal
Authorities for local restrictions on dis-
posal
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION
L^DE PESTO^I
INSECTICIDE
EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid 45.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS: 55.0%
TOTAL:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 Li
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED Induce vomit,r
warm wvaier Repeat until vo
IF INHALED Remove to fresh
IF IN EYES Flush eyes with plenty of v
physician immediately
I F ON SK IN In case of contact, remove co>
ith soap and water.
< is clear Call a physician immediately
Call a physician immediately
of water fof at least 15 minutes Call a
'ash skir
ed clothing and i
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-2 CHEMICALS
TOWN, STATE
EPA EST. NO. 00475
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
CONTINUED
ALFALFA. Alfalfa Weevil Larvae,
Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil Larvae. Pea
Aphid, and in New York state for
Snout Beetle control. Apply the
chart, when feeding is noticed or
when insects appear Alfalfa Weevil
Adult - Apply 1-2 pints per acre when
Insects appear. Lygus Bugs - Apply 2
pints per acre prior to bloom. Observe
the indicated number of days after ap-
plication before cutting or grazing. Do
not apply more than once per season
Apply only to fields planted to pure
stands of Alfalfa.
Pints of Do Not Cut
De Pesto or Graze
Per Acre Within
'/» 7 days
1 14days
2 28 days
RED CLOVER asdf 7|kj asdf ?lkj asd
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?lk| asdf ?lkj asdf ?lkj asdf ?lkj asd
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MINIMUM GALLON AGE REQUIRE-
MENT Ten gallons of finished spray per
acre with ground equipment, two gallons
per acre with aircraft.
FIELD-CORN Corn Rootworms - Use
t'i - pints of De Pesto per 13,000 lin
ear feet 11 acre with 40 inch spacing).
Apply, at planting, as a 7 inch band
over the row or inject on each side of
the row bv mixing with water or liq-
uid fertilizers. When De Pesto is used
with liquid fertilizers, mix in the fol-
lowing way making sore that the mix-
ture is physically compatible. Premix
1 part of De Pesto with 2 parts of
water. Add this premix to the tank of
fertilizer along with rinsings from the
tion in the tank after mixing and dur-
ing application Do not mix until
ready to use.
SWEET CORN asdf ?lk| asdf ?lkj asdf
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asdf
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SUGARCANE. Sugarcane Borer Apply
1 • T/i pints De Pesto per acre using
ground or serial equipment. Check
sugarcane fields weekly, beginning in
early June and continuing through
August. Make first application only af-
ter visible joints form and 5% or more
of the plants are infested with young
larvae feeding in or under the leaf
sheath and which have not bored mto
the stalks. Repeat whenever f letd
checks indicate the infestation ex
ceeds 5%. Do not apply within 17
days of harvest. Do not use in Hawaii
NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
-------
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
PRE TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Stainless steel is the best nozzle material for extensive use.
A. true
B. false
2. Tungsten carbide and ceramic are inexpensive nozzle materials that may be subject to wear and corrosion.
A. true
B. false
3. Aluminum nozzles may corrode in the application of some fertilizers.
A. true
B. false
4. Low pressure field sprayers are often used to apply fertilizer-pesticide mixtures.
A. true
B. false
5. Ultra low volume sprayers apply a diluted pesticide solution.
A. true
B. false
6. Brass is an inexpensive nozzle material that wears easily.
A. true
B. false
7. Plastic nozzles wear out easily but are required for the spraying of certain solvents.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
8. A spinning disc applicator is used to apply:
A. dust.
B. granules.
C. wettable powders.
D. All of these.
4-1
-------
9. A solid stream nozzle would be used for:
A. broadcast spraying.
B. spraying foliage.
C. injecting pesticide into the soil.
D. wide band spraying.
10. Which of these determines which nozzle material will be used?
A. price.
B. corrosion.
C. resistance to abrasion.
D. All of these.
11. Which of these nozzle types would be used in overlapping groups for broadcast spraying?
A. even flat fan.
B. regular flat fan.
C. full cone.
D. solid stream.
12. Which of these would be preferred for over the top spraying of foliage?
A. flooding nozzle.
B. regular flat fan nozzle.
C. hollow cone nozzle.
D. broadcast nozzle.
13. Which of these could deliver a mist spray to the foliage on fruit trees?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. hand sprayer.
D. All of these.
14. Which of these would be used to spray livestock?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. low pressure field sprayer.
D. None of these.
15. Which of these would be used to spray pastures?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. low pressure field sprayer.
D. hand sprayer.
4-2
-------
16. Match the following:
A. Hand sprayer
B. Low pressure field sprayer
C. Air blast sprayer
D. High pressure sprayer
E. Hand duster
F. Power duster
G. Granular applicator
1.
5.
6.
4-3
-------
17. Match the following:
A. #
1. Even flat fan
2. Hollow cone
3. Broadcast
4. Solid stream
5. Regular flat fan
6. Full cone
7. Flooding nozzle
B. #
E. #
C. #
F. #
D. #
G. #
4-4
-------
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. The pesticide application equipment you use is important to the success of
your pest control job. This chapter will cover the types of equipment you
may want to use.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
SPRAYERS
2. Sprayers are used to apply liquid formulations and those formulations that
are to be mixed with water.
Which of these would be applied with a sprayer?
A. Solutions.
B. Wettable powders.
C. Both of these.
3. The simplest type of sprayer is the hand sprayer.
This sprayer is good for:
A.
B.
Large jobs.
Small jobs.
4. The hand sprayer is preferred over larger sprayers for treating:
A.
B.
Large areas.
Restricted areas.
4-5
-------
5. Another type of sprayer is the low pressure field sprayer.
TU^ffole
^^mtggf-
This sprayer consists of a large tank, a pump, pressure regulator, strainer,
etc. connected to a boom of nozzles. The pressure to force the liquid out
of the nozzles comes from:
A. The weight of liquid in the tank.
B. A motor driven pump.
6. The rate of flow from a low pressure field sprayer is (high/low).
7. Most low pressure field sprayers are used to treat field and forage crops,
pastures and fence rows. They may also be used to apply fertilizer-pesti-
cide mixtures.
Low pressure field sprayers would be good for treatment of an:
A. Alfalfa field.
B. Apple orchard.
8. High pressure sprayers deliver high volume at high pressure.
X'"
Because of the force behind the pesticide, the high pressure sprayer can
produce a (high/low) volume of pesticide.
9. High pressure sprayers can give:
A. Good pesticide penetration.
B. Poor pesticide penetration.
10. Because they can deliver high volumes of pesticides at high pressure into
hard-to-get-at places, high pressure sprayers are used to spray fruits, vege-
tables, landscape plants and livestock.
High pressure sprayers would be preferred over low pressure field
in the treatment of:
A. Tomato plants.
B. Pastures.
4-6
sprayers
-------
11. Air blast sprayers use a high speed air stream to break up the pesticide into
droplets.
The air blast sprayer uses the force of a (fan/pump) to deliver the pesticide
to its target.
12. The air blast sprayer works something like an atomizer.
AIR
DROPLETS
The air blast sprayer produces:
A. A heavy spray.
B. A mist spray.
13. Air blast sprayers are used to spray fruit and vegetable crops.
The air blast sprayer would be preferred in the treatment of:
A. The fruit and foliage of orange trees.
B. Low growing hedges and landscape plants.
14. Because of the mist spray produced, the air blast sprayer is (more/less)
subject to drifting than are some other sprayers.
15. Ultra low volume solutions are highly concentrated formulations. In fact
they may even be pure pesticide.
The machine used to apply these solutions must be able to apply (light/
heavy) applications.
4-7
-------
16. Identify this sprayer:
i,.r ? >v
?£*# *\ ^ ?^
** 5?r. ' -. ,
A. Los pressure field sprayer.
B. High pressure sprayer.
C. Air blast sprayer.
ft- r- A- >
1^* J 'y^ i
J tf?T.sAt ./*,
17. Identify this sprayer:
A. Low pressure field sprayer.
B. High pressure sprayer.
C. Air blast sprayer.
18. Identify this sprayer:
19. Match these:
A. Hand sprayer
B. Low pressure
field sprayer
C. High pressure
sprayer
D. Ultra low
volume sprayer
E. Air blast sprayer
1. Delivers high volume for fruits,
vegetables, landscape plants
and livestock.
2. Produces mist spray.
3. Good for restricted areas.
4. Are used to apply pesticides to
many field crops.
5. Applies highly concentrated
pesticides at low volumes.
4-8
-------
NOZZLES
20. The nozzle directs the spray of pesticide and determines how much area
will be covered by the spray.
Band
Coverage
Broadcast
Coverage
Narrow band application and broadcast spraying may require (the same/
different) nozzle types.
21. Match the nozzle spray pattern to the nozzle that produced it.
A. # B. # C. #_
3
22. The solid stream nozzle produces a narrow jet.
The flat fan nozzle produces a flat oval pattern.
The cone nozzle produces a circular pattern.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME.
23. Label the nozzles below as solid stream, flat fan or cone.
-------
24. Which nozzle type would be more accurate for aiming at distant targets?
A.
B.
C.
Solid stream.
Flat fan.
Cone.
25. Which would produce more complete coverage of plant foliage in anover-
the-top application?
A.
B.
C.
Solid stream.
Flat fan.
Cone.
26. Which would be better for applying very narrow bands or injecting pesti-
cide into the soil?
A. Solid stream.
B. Flat fan.
C. Cone.
27. There are several types of flat fan nozzles. The regular flat fan nozzle
makes a flat oval pattern with light edges.
Which picture shows this regular flat fan pattern?
A.
B.
28. The even flat fan nozzle makes a uniform pattern.
Label these patterns as regular or even flat fan.
4-10
-------
29. The regular flat fan nozzle is used on booms with the spray overlapping.
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v
The regular flat fan nozzle is used for:
A. Band spraying (narrow strips).
B. Broadcast spraying.
30. The even flat fan nozzle is used without overlapping.
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The even flat fan nozzle is used for (band/broadcast) spraying.
31. Another type of flat fan nozzle is the flooding nozzle. This makes a wide
angle pattern.
The flooding nozzle is designed for:
A. Band spraying.
B. Broadcast spraying.
32. Notice the path the liquid takes as it leaves the flooding nozzle.
The flooding nozzle appears to be a (high/low) pressure nozzle.
33. Therefore, a flooding nozzle would more likely appear on a:
A. Low pressure field sprayer.
B. High pressure sprayer.
4-11
-------
34. A broadcast nozzle is another wide angle flat fan nozzle. It is used on
boomless sprayers and on the end of booms to widen the path of coverage.
.
»t
The broadcast nozzle operates at a (higher/lower) pressure than the flood-
ing nozzle.
35. Which of these is the broadcast nozzle?
A.
B.
36. There are two (2) types of cone spray nozzles.
They are: the
nozzle.
-cone and the
.cone
4-12
-------
37. The hollow cone pattern is produced by one of two methods: (1) core and
disc, or (2) whirl chamber.
The whirl chamber will produce which pattern below?
A.
38. Identify these nozzles:
39. Identify these nozzles:
4-13
-------
40. Identify these nozzles:
(V
i.'j a
41. Match these:
A. Solid stream
B. Regular flat fan
C. Even flat fan
Used to apply narrow band
or to inject pesticide into
soil.
Flat oval pattern with light-
er edges, used on booms for
broadcast spraying.
Uniform flat oval pattern
used for band spraying.
42. Match these:
A. Flooding nozzle
B. Broadcast nozzle
C. Hollow cone nozzle
D. Full cone nozzle
Works by either core and
disc or whirl chamber.
Spray uniform throughout
circular pattern.
Used on boomless sprayers
or ends of boom to widen
spray swath.
Low pressure nozzle used
for broadcast spraying.
NOZZLE MATERIALS
43. Along with the correct choice of nozzle types, it is equally important to
select nozzles made from materials that will not be damaged by the pesti-
cide.
For example, wettable powder and flowable formulations can be abrasive.
A nozzle used to apply wettable powders should be made from a (hard/
soft) material.
44. One quality of nozzle material is resistance to
4-14
-------
45. Rust is an example of corrosion. Ordinary steel corrodes when exposed to
air and water.
Would ordinary steel be a good material for nozzles? (yes/no)
46. Nozzle material should be resistant to:
A. Abrasion.
B. Corrosion.
C. Both of these.
47. Cost is another factor to consider when choosing nozzles. Materials that
are resistant to both corrosion and abrasion may be expensive.
Inexpensive materials may be used if corrosion and abrasion (are/are not) a
problem.
48. Look at Exhibit III, This Exhibit shows the common materials used in
making nozzles.
Check the features of brass nozzles. Should brass nozzles be used if the
spraying liquid is abrasive? (yes/no)
49. Tungsten carbide or ceramic nozzles are hard and resist abrasion. Check
information in Exhibit III.
If abrasion is a problem, (brass/tungsten carbide) would be a better materi-
al.
50. But if non-abrasive liquids are used under limited conditions, the cheaper
(brass/tungsten carbide) nozzles would be preferred.
51. Plastics can be made resistant to corrosion.
However, according to Exhibit III, the problem with plastics is that:
A. They corrode.
B. They wear easily,
C. They swell in contact with some solvents.
52. Aluminum nozzles:
A. Resist corrosion.
B. Resists most corrosive materials except some fertilizers.
53. Stainless steel:
A. Will not corrode.
B. Resists abrasion.
C. Both of these.
4-15
-------
54. According to Exhibit III which is the best nozzle material for extensive
use?
55. Match these:
A. Brass
B. Stainless steel
C. Plastic
D. Aluminum
E. Tungsten carbide
and ceramic
Swells when exposed to
some solvents.
Best material for extensive
use.
Best material for limited
use.
Corroded by some fertiliz-
ers.
Expensive.
DUST AND GRANULAR APPLICATORS
56. Pesticide dusts and granules are made to be applied dry and because of
this, dusts and granules require different kinds of application equipment.
Dust
Granules
Which of the above can be blown to its target with a blast of air? (dust/
granules)
57. Because of their size and weight, granule particles will have to be:
A. Carried to their target by air currents.
B. Thrown or dropped on their target.
58. The applicator pictured below works by, squeezing. A puff of air carries
the pesticide to its target.
This is a hand (duster/granular) applicator.
59. Like hand sprayers, hand dusters are used mainly around homes and in
gardens.
Hand dusters are good for (large/small) jobs.
4-16
-------
60. Power dusters use a power driven fan or blower to get the dust to the
target.
One problem with a power duster would be:
A. Incomplete coverage.
B. Drifting of dust.
61. Granular applicators come in several types.
One type uses hand carried spinning discs. Another type is tractor
mounted or tractor driven.
The above machine applies
62. Which of these is a granular applicator?
A. Hand carried spinning disc type.
B. Hand operated bellows.
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
63.
The above sprayer is a:
A. Low pressure field sprayer.
B. High pressure sprayer.
C. Air blast sprayer.
4-17
-------
64. Which of these sprayers uses the least amount of water?
A. Low pressure field sprayer.
B. High pressure sprayer.
C. Air blast sprayer.
D. Ultra low volume sprayer.
65. A whirl chamber nozzle will produce a:
A. Full cone pattern.
B. Hollow cone pattern.
C. Broadcast pattern.
D. All of the above.
66. Which of these is the regular flat fan pattern?
A. 4
B.
67. Which of these nozzle materials is probably best for all around use?
A. Brass.
B. Tungsten carbide.
C. Stainless steel.
68. Which of these is a power duster and which is a granular applicator?
i
-^s
You have now completed Chapter 4.
4-18
-------
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
POST TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Stainless steel is the best nozzle material for extensive use.
A. true
B. false
2. Tungsten carbide and ceramic are inexpensive nozzle materials that may be subject to wear and corrosion.
A. true
B. false
3. Aluminum nozzles may corrode in the application of some fertilizers.
A. true
B. false
4. Low pressure field sprayers are often used to apply fertilizer-pesticide mixtures.
A. true
B. false
5. Ultra low volume sprayers apply a diluted pesticide solution.
A. true
B. false
6. Brass is an inexpensive nozzle material that wears easily.
A. true
B. false
7. Plastic nozzles wear out easily but are required for the spraying of certain solvents.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
8. A spinning disc applicator is used to apply:
A. dust.
B. granules.
C. wettable powders.
D. All of these.
4-19
-------
9. A solid stream nozzle would be used for:
A. broadcast spraying.
B. spraying foliage.
C. injecting pesticide into the soil.
D. wide band spraying.
10. Which of these determines which nozzle material will be used?
A. price.
B. corrosion.
C. resistance to abrasion.
D. All of these.
11. Which of these nozzle types would be used in overlapping groups for broadcast spraying?
A. even flat fan.
B. regular flat fan.
C. full cone.
D. solid stream.
12. Which of these would be preferred for over the top spraying of foliage?
A. flooding nozzle.
B. regular flat fan nozzle.
C. hollow cone nozzle.
D. broadcast nozzle.
13. Which of these could deliver a mist spray to the foliage on fruit trees?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. hand sprayer.
D. All of these.
14. Which of these would be used to spray livestock?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. low pressure field sprayer.
D. None of these.
15. Which of these would be used to spray pastures?
A. air blast sprayer.
B. high pressure sprayer.
C. low pressure field sprayer.
D. hand sprayer.
4-20
-------
16. Match the following:
A. Hand sprayer
B. Low pressure field sprayer
C. Air blast sprayer
D. High pressure sprayer
E. Hand duster
F. Power duster
G. Granular applicator
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
4-21
-------
17. Match the following:
A. #
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Even flat fan
Hollow cone
Broadcast
Solid stream
Regular flat fan
Full cone
Flooding nozzle
B. #
E. #
c. #
F. #
D. #
G. #
4-22
-------
CHAPTER 4, EXHIBIT
YOU CAN GET NOZZLES IN MANY MATERIALS. HERE ARE THE MAIN FEATURES OF EACH KIND.
BRASS:
• INEXPENSIVE,
• WEARS QUICKLY FROM ABRASION,
• PROBABLY THE BEST MATERIAL FOR LIMITED USE.
STAINLESS STEEL:
• WILL NOT CORRODE,
• RESISTS ABRASION, ESPECIALLY IF IT IS HARDENED,
• PROBABLY THE BEST MATERIAL FOR EXTENSIVE USE.
PLASTIC:
• RESISTS CORROSION AND ABRASION,
• SWELLS WHEN EXPOSED TO SOME SOLVENTS.
ALUMINUM:
• RESISTS SOME CORROSIVE MATERIALS,
• IS EASILY CORRODED BY SOME FERTILIZERS.
TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND CERAMIC:
• HIGHLY RESISTANT TO ABRASION AND CORROSION,
• EXPENSIVE.
4-23
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CHAPTER 5
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
PRE TEST
Answer the following true or false:
1. A change in sprayer pressure will change the flow rate but will not affect the nozzle patterns or spray droplet size.
A. true
B. false
2. In order to properly make emergency repairs in the field, the operator of the sprayer should dismount and remove his
gloves and protective mask before working on the sprayer.
A. true
B. false
3. Sprayers should be calibrated by spraying pesticide formulation.
A. true
B. false
4. If you are calibrating a sprayer that has a 200 gallon capacity, you should spray an area large enough to use at least 20
gallons.
A. true
B. false
5. The best source of equipment operating information is from the operator's manual.
A. true
B. false
6. Nozzles that have a faulty spray pattern should be replaced.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
7. Which of these can be used to clean nozzles?
A. clean knife.
B. screw driver.
C. heavy gauge steel wire.
D. wooden toothpick or toothbrush.
8. If the sprayer nozzles clog during spraying, the operator should:
A. increase pressure to break the clog.
B. stop the sprayer immediately, and unclog the nozzles before doing anything else.
C. turn the sprayer off and move it to the edge of the field before attempting to work on it.
D. continue spraying if enough nozzles are working. Fix the sprayer when all of the spray has been applied.
5-1
-------
9. A sprayer is calibrated to apply 10 gallons per acre at a pressure of 20 psi. What pressure would be required to increase
the output to 20 gallons per acre without changing the speed of travel or nozzle size?
A. 40 psi
B. 60 psi
C. 80 psi
D. None of these. A change in pressure could not be used to produce that large a change in sprayer output.
10. What is the best method to insure proper mixing of a wettable powder formulation?
A. Add the pesticide, then stir the mixture as the tank fills.
B. Make a slurry, and pour it into a partly filled tank before filling the tank. Agitate as the tank is filled.
C. Fill the tank to 1/3 full of water, add the wettable powder, agitate and fill to capacity.
D. Mix in a barrel until the powder and water are thoroughly mixed, then add to a full tank of water under
agitation.
11. A sprayer is calibrated to apply 20 gallons per acre (gpa) at a speed of 4 miles per hour.
What would be the application rate if the sprayer were slowed to 2 miles per hour?
A. 5 gpa
B. 10 gpa
C. 40 gpa
D. There would be no change in application rate.
12. At which of the following amounts per acre should you stop and recalibrate your granular applicator if you need a
recommended dosage of 7 pounds per acre?
A. 6.3 Ib. per acre.
B. 6.8 Ib. per acre.
C. Both of these would require recalibration.
D. Neither of these. They are both within the 5% limit so that recalibration is unnecessary.
13. In calibrating your sprayer with a 100 gallon capacity, you poured 6% gallons of water back into the tank to fill it
after spraying % of an acre.
What is the spray rate in gallons per acre of your sprayer?
A. 18%gpa
B. 15% gpa
C. 6% gpa
D. 25 gpa
14. Your sprayer has 6 nozzles. In a one minute flow check you find the flow rates as shown below. Which of these
nozzles will have to be replaced? (Choose all that apply.)
NOZZLE FLOW RATE (in fluid oz./min.)
A 8.0
B 7.5
C 8.2
D 7.8
E 8.3
F 8.2
5-2
-------
Problems - Fill in the blanks:
15. Your spray tank holds 200 gallons of spray. During calibration, you had to replace 8 gallons of water after spraying
one acre.
This sprayer applies at a rate of gpa.
A tank full of spray will cover acres.
Label directions on a can of emulsifiable concentrate tell you to apply 2 pints of the formulation per acre. How many
pints should you add to one tank load?
pints
16. A sprayer with a 200 gallon tank is calibrated to apply 40 gallons per acre.
To apply 2 pounds of active ingredient per acre of a 50% wettable powder, you will need to add how many pounds of
pesticide formulation into the tank?
A full tank will cover acres.
This will require pounds of active ingredient per tank.
You must add pounds of 50% wettable powder formulation per tankful.
5-3
-------
(LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
5-4
-------
Vi,
CHAPTER 5
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. Proper use and maintenance of pesticide application equipment is essential
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lor sare, errective pesi control.
This chapter will cover some basic points about
nance and calibration of this equipment.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
the operation, mainte-
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SPRAYERS
2. The pesticide label specifies how much pesticide must be applied per acre.
This is usually given in terms of the undiluted pesticide.
For example, a pesticide label states that 2 pints of the formulation must
be applied per acre to kill a certain type of insect. This is 2 pints of:
A. the pesticide as it comes from the container.
B. pesticide and water mixture.
3. Pesticide formulations may have to be mixed with water before they can
be applied.
Suppose the pesticide label instructs you to apply 1 pint of formulation
per acre. Your sprayer applies liquid at a rate of 10 gallons per acre.
The 1 pint of pesticide should be diluted with
of water to treat one acre.
gallons
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4. Suppose your sprayer tank holds 50 gallons? If you are to apply 1 pint of
formulation per acre, how much formulation should you add to a full tank
of water? (The sprayer applies at a rate of 10 gallons per acre.)
To find this, divide the amount of water in the tank by the number of
gallons applied to one acre.
50 gallons will spray
.acres.
At 1 pint per acre, this will require
formulation.
.pints of pesticide
5-5
-------
5. How many pints of formulation are required in this situation?
Tank capacity = 75 gallons
Sprayer applies 10 gallons per acre.
Instructions call for 2 pints of formulation per acre.
75 gallons will spray acres.
You must add
water.
pints of formulation to a tankful of
6. Is it important to know how much liquid your sprayer applies per acre?
(yes/no)
CALIBRATION OF SPRAYERS
7. Calibration is simply measuring your spray equipment output so that you
can apply a desired rate of pesticide. There are many ways to calibrate a
sprayer. Your extension agent can show you appropriate methods for your
particular equipment.
The following is a basic method.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
8. To calibrate a sprayer, first choose the speed, pumping pressure and noz-
zles you want to use.
For reasons of safety, we will have a trial run on a measured area (such as
one acre). The sprayer tank will be filled with:
A. plain water.
B. pesticide.
9. The spray tank is filled with water, and the sprayer is operated in place to
fill the system. The tank is then topped off.
Next, the measured area is sprayed as though you were applying pesticide.
After spraying, the amount of water it takes to refill the tank is measured.
If you sprayed one acre, and it takes 6 gallons to refill the spray tank, the
sprayer is applying at a rate of no, ™Q
_per acre.
5-6
-------
10. If your tank has a 100 gallon capacity or larger, you should spray an area
large enough to use at least 10% of the tank capacity.
For a 100 gallon sprayer, you should spray at least
gallons of water to test the sprayer.
11. Suppose you spray an area of Vi acre and use 5 gallons of water. Your
sprayer is applying liquid at a rate of ^__ gallons per acre
(gpa).
12. If the rate of spray is not correct for the purposes you have in mind, you
will have to the rate the sprayer is applying liquid.
13. There are several factors that you can change to adjust the rate of pesticide
applied per acre.
Flow rate from the nozzles is one factor.
The faster liquid flows from the nozzles, the .
applied.
.pesticide
14. The flow rate depends on 2 things:
PRESSURE NOZZLE
The amount of
And the size of the.
.applied to the liquid in the sprayer.
___opening.
15. An increase in pressure will _
A reduction in pressure will
-flow rate.
_flow rate.
5-7
-------
16. However, pressure must be increased four (4) times in order to double the
flow rate.
If a sprayer applies 1 pint of liquid per minute at 25 pounds per square
inch (psi), how much pressure is needed to increase the flow rate to 2 pints
per minute?
A. 50 psi
B. 100 psi
17. Changes in pressure may change the nozzle pattern and droplet size.
Low Pressure High Pressure
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A change in nozzle pattern and droplet size (is/is not) always desirable.
18. Another way to change the flow rate is to use nozzles with larger or
smaller openings.
If it is not desirable to change nozzle patterns or droplet size, then flow
rate can be changed by using nozzles with larger or smaller
19. Another way to change the rate of application per acre is to change the
ground speed of the sprayer.
f
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The slower the sprayer moves, the
the area.
-spray is applied to
5-8
-------
20.
1 Acre
2 Acres
10 Gallons
10 Gallons
In the situations above, both sprayers have sprayed 10 gallons. In the first
picture the sprayer applies gallons per acre.
In the second case, the faster moving sprayer applies only
gallons per acre.
21. If the sprayer slows down and applies 10 gallons to V* acre, the sprayer is
applying liquid at a rate of gallons per acre.
22. Increasing the ground speed of the sprayer means (more/less) spray per
acre.
Slowing down the ground speed of the sprayer will (increase/decrease) the
rate of application.
23. Increasing the speed of the tractor pulling the sprayer from 2 miles per
hour to 4 miles per hour will (if pressure and nozzle size stay the same):
A. cut the application rate in half.
B. double the application rate.
If the application rate above was 10 gallons per acre at 2 miles per hour,
what will the new application rate be?
24. When pressure, speed or nozzle size have been changed, you should:
A. try to figure out how much sprayer output has changed.
B. recalibrate the sprayer by a trial run on a measured piece of
land.
5-9
-------
25. Suppose you are recalibrating your sprayer and find that after spraying 1
acre with water, the tank needs 8 gallons to top it off.
The sprayer tank holds 50 gallons, and the pesticide label instructs you to
apply 2 pints per acre.
Sprayer rate is
-gpa.
The 50 gallon tank will spray
The number of pints per tankful is
_acres.
26. To apply pesticide evenly and accurately, the sprayer must:
A. move at a constant speed.
B. operate at a constant pressure.
C. Both of these.
APPLYING WETTABLE POWDER
27. Wettable powders are designed to be applied with a sprayer.
A 50% wettable powder formulation is:
A. all active ingredient.
B. half active ingredient.
28. There is
pounds of active ingredient in 1 pound of
50% wettable powder formulation.
29. There is
25% wettable powder formulation.
pounds of active ingredient in 1 pound of
30. If the label instructs you to apply 1 pound of active ingredient per acre,
how much 50% wettable powder formulation must be applied per acre?
31. Your 50 gallon sprayer is calibrated to apply 10 gallons per acre. The label
directions on the pesticide container instruct you to apply the 50% wet-
table powder formulation at a rate of 1 pound of active ingredient per
acre.
How much wettable powder formulation should be added per tankful of
water?
5-10
-------
of
It
-
MIXING WETTABLE POWDER
32. Wettable powder presents some problems in mixing.
Wettable powders do not dissolve in water. Instead, they form a mixture
like flour and water.
If you simply dump the bag of wettable powder into the sprayer tank you
will get:
A. an even mixture.
B. an uneven mixture that may be full of lumps.
33. First, the wettable powder must be added to a clean bucket that is partial-
ly full of water. The resulting mixture, called a slurry, is then mixed well.
Which of these shows how a slurry is made?
B
34. The slurry is then added to a partially filled tank. This makes uniform
mixing possible.
The slurry should be added as shown in which picture?
5-11
-------
35. After the tank is filled with water, the contents must be agitated to keep
the wettable powder from settling to the bottom.
While filling the partially filled tank with water, you must have the agita-
tor (off/working).
36. To mix wettable powder, first put the powder into a clean bucket partially
filled with ..
By stirring the mixture you make a .
37. Next, the slurry is added to a (completely/partially) filled spray tank.
38. As water is added to fill the tank, the agitator should be
the liquid in the spray tank.
MAINTENANCE OF SPRAYERS
39. When operating a sprayer, it is better to:
A. wait for trouble to occur.
B. try to prevent trouble.
40. One way to prevent trouble is to correctly follow instructions for sprayer
operation.
These instructions can be found in the operator's
5-12
-------
41. In order to prevent clogging or accidental mixing of different pesticides,
old formulations (should/should not) be left in the sprayer.
The sprayer should be drained and rinsed:
A. after each use.
B. about once a month.
42. Sometimes equipment clogs or other trouble occurs while the equipment is
being used.
If this happens:
A. try to finish spraying and then correct the problem.
B. turn off the sprayer at once.
43. There will be less danger of an overdose in the field if:
A. the sprayer is left in the middle of the field while repairs are
being made.
B. the sprayer is moved to the edge of the field before making
repairs.
44. Some pesticides require special protective clothing during handling and
application.
Should a protective mask or gloves be removed when making an emer-
gency repair of a sprayer? (yes/no)
45. If nozzles clog or other trouble occurs in the field during spraying:
the sprayer.
of the field before dismounting
Move it to the
to correct the problem.
The operator (can/should not) remove protective clothing while
making repairs.
5-13
-------
USE AND CARE OF NOZZLES
46. One source of potential trouble on a sprayer is the nozzles.
The height of the nozzles above the material being sprayed is important.
This nozzle height (affects/does not affect) the spray pattern.
47. Before spraying, the nozzles must be adjusted to the proper
for the job.
48. All nozzles on the sprayer should be of the proper type and size for the
job. Each nozzle in the system must deliver its rated amount of pesticide.
Nozzles that are not flowing at the proper rate or have faulty spray pat-
terns should be replaced.
The spray patterns below are from flat fan nozzles. Which nozzle should
be replaced?
"
49. The flow rates of each nozzle should be checked.
Flow rate is the amount of liquid coming from the nozzle in a given period
of time.
Flow rate can be measured in:
A. fluid ounces.
B. minutes.
C. fluid ounces per minute.
15 P. -j
1n Fluid
10 Ounces
1 Minute
5-14
-------
50. The flow rate of each nozzle can be checked by filling the sprayer with
water and running each nozzle for a minute into a measuring jar.
What is the flow rate for the nozzle below?
1 Minute
Fluid
Ounces
51. Any nozzle that has a flow rate of 5 percent more or less than the average
of the nozzles in the system should be replaced.
Suppose the average of a boom of nozzles is 8 fl. oz. per min. 5% of 8 is
0.4. Which of the following nozzles should be replaced?
Nozzle
A
B
C
D
Flow Rate
8.3fl.oz./min.
8.5 fl. oz./min.
7.8fl. oz./min.
7.5 fl. oz./min.
52. What is the average flow of these 5 nozzles?
Nozzle Flow Rate
A
B
C
D
E
10.0 fl. oz./min.
10.5 fI. oz./min.
9.5 fl. oz./min.
10.1 fl. oz./min.
9.9 fl. oz./min.
53. What is 5% of 10.0 fl. oz./min.?
54. What flow rate is 5% above 10.0 fl. oz./min.?
What flow rate is 5% below 10.0 fl. oz./min.?
5-15
-------
55. Which of these nozzles is 5% more or less than the average and should be
replaced?
Nozzle
A
B
C
D
E
Flow Rate
10.0 fl. oz./min.
10.5fl.oz./min.
9.5 fl. oz./min.
10.1 fl. oz./min.
9.9 fl. oz./min.
56. Which of these nozzles should be replaced?
Nozzle Flow Rate
A
B
C
D
E
6.9 fl. oz./min.
7.0 fl. oz./min.
7.5 fl. oz./min.
6.5 fl. oz./min.
7.1 fl. oz./min.
57. Nozzles that are clogged should be cleaned. This must be done with some-
thing that will not damage the nozzle opening.
The tool used to clean a nozzle should be made from a material that is
(harder/softer) than the nozzle material.
58. Which of these is softer than such nozzle materials as brass or stainless
steel?
Choose all that apply.
steel wire.
wooden toothpick.
toothbrush.
pocket knife.
metal file.
59. Nozzles should be cleaned only with a toothbrush or wooden toothpick.
A piece of wire fencing or a nail (will/will not) damage the nozzle.
5-16
-------
DUSTERS AND GRANULAR APPLICATORS
60. Dusters and granular applicators apply dry formulations dropping the
formulation on the target or blowing it on the target.
The speed at which the formulation is fed depends on how fast the appli-
cator is moving. Changes in the land speed of a duster or granular appli-
cator (will change/will not change) the rate of delivery.
61. Bouncing a duster or granular applicator will:
A. cause variations in delivery.
B. not affect application.
62. The manufacturer's operating manual will tell you how to set gate open-
ings for the product you are going to use.
Gate openings may vary if they are not set from the same direction, such
as from closed to open.
4 5
closed
GATE OPENING
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
63. This setting was originally set by moving the dial from closed to the 3
position. Later it was set to 5. How should the control be reset to 3?
closed
GATE OPENING
A. Move it back to 3 from the 5 position.
B. Move it to the closed position first, then to 3.
5-17
-------
64.
Calibration of a duster or granular applicator is similar to the calibration of
a sprayer. One difference is the duster or granular applicator must be filled
with pesticide formulation.
Because it is applying actual pesticide, the calibration of a duster or granu-
lar applicator should be done on an area (larger/smaller) than that used for
a sprayer.
To calibrate a duster or granular applicator, fill the hopper to a measured
level. Operate the equipment over a measured area. This should be at least
% acre or 1000 feet of row.
Refill the hopper to the original level, carefully weighing the amount of
pesticide needed. The amount needed to refill the hopper is the amount
applied.
If the weight of pesticide applied is 1 pound, and the area treated is Vt
acre, the applicator is treating at a rate of pounds per
acre.
66. If the amount applied does not fall within 5% of the recommended dosage,
reset the gate opening and recalibrate.
Suppose the recommended dosage is 4 pounds per acre? Which of these
would call for recalibration?
A. application of 4.1 Ibs./acre.
B. application of 4.2 Ibs./acre.
C. application of 3.9 Ibs./acre.
D. AH of these.
67.
While spraying, dusting and applying granular formulations, you should
keep a record of the total amount of area treated and the total amount of
pesticide used. If there is any significant variation from the recommended
dosage, you (should/should not) make the necessary adjustments.
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
68. A sprayer is calibrated by spraying a measured area with:
A. plain water.
B. pesticide formulation.
69.
A sprayer with 100 gallons capacity requires 20 gallons of water to refill it
after spraying 2 acres.
If the pesticide label says to apply 11/2 pints of formulation per acre, how
much pesticide should be added to a tank of water in the above sprayer?
Number of acres the sprayer can spray =
Number of pints needed for this acreage =
5-18
-------
, !
,^
>
70. Which of these will change application rate?
A. change in tractor speed.
B. change in sprayer pressure.
C. change in nozzle size.
D. All of these.
71. You can double sprayer output by:
A. doubling sprayer pressure.
B. increasing sprayer pressure 4 times.
C. cutting sprayer pressure in half.
72. Reducing sprayer speed from 4 mph to 2 mph will (half/double/not
change) sprayer output per acre.
73. Your 60 gallon sprayer is calibrated to apply 5 gallons of liquid per acre.
The label directions recommend that a 50% wettable powder formulation
be applied at a rate of Vz pound of active ingredient per acre.
How much 50% wettable powder formulation should be added per tankful
of water?
74. When mixing wettable powder:
A. you add the powder directly to a tankful of water.
B. you add the powder to Vi tankful of water.
C. you make it into a slurry first.
r J, J
75. Nozzles should be cleaned with:
A. a wire.
B. a clean knife.
C. a wooden toothpick or toothbrush.
76. Nozzles that have a faulty spray pattern should be
77. Instructions on how to operate a sprayer, duster, or granular applicator
can be found in the
5-19
-------
79.
78. If a sprayer clogs during operation, the operator should:
A. stop immediately and fix the problem.
B. stop the sprayer and move it to the edge of the field before
doing anything.
Protective equipment and clothing should be
making emergency repairs on the sprayer.
.while
80. Which of these spray nozzles should be replaced?
Nozzle Flow Rate
A
B
C
D
E
F
12.2 fl. oz./min.
12.0fl. oz./min.
11.8 f I. oz./min.
12.7 fl. oz./min.
11.5 fl. oz./min.
11.8fl. oz./min.
Dusters and granular applicators that are applying more or less than
_% of the recommended dosage should be recalibrated.
You have just completed Chapter 5, Use and Maintenance of Pesticide
Application Equipment. Now complete the Post Test found in the back of
this Chapter.
5-20
-------
CHAPTER 5
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
POST TEST
Answer the following true or false:
1. A change in sprayer pressure will change the flow rate but will not affect the nozzle patterns or spray droplet size.
A. true
B. false
2. In order to properly make emergency repairs in the field, the operator of the sprayer should dismount and remove his
gloves and protective mask before working on the sprayer.
A. true
B. false
3. Sprayers should be calibrated by spraying pesticide formulation.
A. true
B. false
4. If you are calibrating a sprayer that has a 200 gallon capacity, you should spray an area large enough to use at least 20
gallons.
A. true
B. false
5. The best source of equipment operating information is from the operator's manual.
A. true
B. false
6. Nozzles that have a faulty spray pattern should be replaced.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
7. Which of these can be used to clean nozzles?
A. clean knife.
B. screw driver.
C. heavy gauge steel wire.
D. wooden toothpick or toothbrush.
8. If the sprayer nozzles clog during spraying, the operator should:
A. increase pressure to break the clog.
B. stop the sprayer immediately, and unclog the nozzles before doing anything else.
C. turn the sprayer off and move it to the edge of the field before attempting to work on it.
D. continue spraying if enough nozzles are working. Fix the sprayer when all of the spray has been applied.
5-21
-------
9. A sprayer is calibrated to apply 10 gallons per acre at a pressure of 20 psi. What pressure would be required to increase
the output to 20 gallons per acre without changing the speed of travel or nozzle size?
A. 40 psi
B. 60 psi
C. 80 psi
D. None of these. A change in pressure could not be used to produce that large a change in sprayer output.
10. What is the best method to insure proper mixing of a wettable powder formulation?
A. Add the pesticide, then stir the mixture as the tank fills.
B. Make a slurry, and pour it into a partly filled tank before filling the tank. Agitate as the tank is filled.
C. Fill the tank to 1/3 full of water, add the wettable powder, agitate and fill to capacity.
D. Mix in a barrel until the powder and water are thoroughly mixed, then add to a full tank of water under
agitation.
11. A sprayer is calibrated to apply 20 gallons per acre (gpa) at a speed of 4 miles per hour.
What would be the application rate if the sprayer were slowed to 2 miles per hour?
A. 5 gpa
B. 10 gpa
C. 40 gpa
D. There would be no change in application rate.
12. At which of the following amounts per acre should you stop and recalibrate your granular applicator if you need a
recommended dosage of 7 pounds per acre?
A. 6.3 Ib. per acre.
B. 6.8 Ib. per acre.
C. Both of these would require recalibration.
D. Neither of these. They are both within the 5% limit so that recalibration is unnecessary.
13. In calibrating your sprayer with a 100 gallon capacity, you poured 6V4 gallons of water back into the tank to fill it
after spraying % of an acre.
What is the spray rate in gallons per acre of your sprayer?
A. 183/4gpa
B. 15'/4 gpa
C. 6% gpa
D. 25 gpa
14. Your sprayer has 6 nozzles. In a one minute flow check you find the flow rates as shown below. Which of these
nozzles will have to be replaced? (Choose all that apply.)
NOZZLE FLOW RATE (in fluid oz./min.)
A 8.0
B 7.5
C 8.2
D 7.8
E 8.3
F 8.2
5-22
-------
Problems - Fill in the blanks:
15. Your spray tank holds 200 gallons of spray. During calibration, you had to replace 8 gallons of water after spraying
one acre.
This sprayer applies at a rate of gpa.
A tank full of spray will cover acres.
Label directions on a can of emulsifiable concentrate tell you to apply 2 pints of the formulation per acre. How many
pints should you add to one tank load?
pints
16. A sprayer with a 200 gallon tank is calibrated to apply 40 gallons per acre.
To apply 2 pounds of active ingredient per acre of a 50% wettable powder, you will need to add how many pounds of
pesticide formulation into the tank?
A full tank will cover acres.
This will require pounds of active ingredient per tank.
You must add pounds of 50% wettable powder formulation per tankful.
5-23
-------
CHAPTER 6
USING PESTICIDES SAFELY
PRE TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Complete directions for using a pesticide are found on the label of the pesticide container.
A. true
B. false
2. Severe pesticide poisoning cannot occur unless a pesticide is eaten.
A. true
B. false
3. A sweat suit offers good protection when working with highly toxic pesticides because the material is very absorbent.
A. true
B. false
4. A "gas mask" or chemical canister respirator can be used for fumigation work.
A. true
B. false
5. A filter on a cartridge respirator does not need changing as frequently as the filter on a canister respirator.
A. true
B. false
6. Symptoms of most pesticide poisoning may take 24 hours to develop.
A. true
B. false
7. If pesticide poisoning is suspected, the first thing that should be done is to induce vomiting in the victim.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following questions multiple choice:
8. Pesticides should be stored:
A. in clearly marked containers.
B. only in the original container.
C. Both of the above.
9. Pesticides can cause poisoning when they are:
A. breathed in.
B. eaten.
C. touched.
D. Any of the above.
6-1
-------
10. Which of the following would be better head protection during the application of pesticide?
A. close-fitting cap like those worn by surgeons.
B. a cap with a long visor.
C. a construction worker's hard hat.
D. Any of the above.
11. Which would be better body protection when working with highly toxic pesticides?
A. cotton coveralls.
B. water-proof raincoat.
C. blue jeans and knit shirt.
12. Which of the following would provide the best protection for the feet?
A. sneakers and heavy wool socks.
B. high-top leather shoes.
C. unlined neoprene boots.
D. Any of the above.
13. Materials worn to protect the body while using pesticides should be:
A. highly absorbent.
B. non-absorbent.
14. This is a:
A. cartridge respirator.
B. self-contained breathing apparatus.
C. gas mask.
15. Respirators should be approved by:
A. National Institute for National Safety and Health.
B. Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration.
C. Environmental Protection Agency.
D. A and B, but not C.
16. Clothing used for pesticide work:
A. should be dry cleaned.
B. washed in detergent.
C. washed in soap.
17. Pesticides are best washed off the body with:
A. soap and water.
B. detergent and water.
C. baking soda and water.
D. solvent.
6-2
-------
18. When a pesticide is swallowed:
A. you should see a doctor right away.
B. induce vomiting.
19. How often should you clean your clothing, goggles and respirator face mask used during pesticide application?
A. about once a week.
B. about once a month.
C. after each use.
D. when they get dirty.
Fill in the blanks.
20. When taking a patient to a doctor you should take the pesticide with you.
21. Pesticide poisoning symptoms will usually occur within hours of exposure.
6-3
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
6-4
-------
CHAPTER 6
USING PESTICIDES SAFELY
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. Most pesticides can cause severe illness or even death if misused. However,
registered pesticides can be used safely if correct procedures are followed!
This chapter will cover how to protect yourself during pesticide applica-
tion and what to do in case of poisoning.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
2. You can avoid trouble with pesticides if you first read the directions for
use.
This information can be found on the pesticide
3. The pesticide label is important.
What if the pesticide were put in a new container? Would you have access
to the original label instructions? (yes/no)
4. Is it possible to mistake pesticide stored in a food container as something
to eat or drink? (yes/no)
5. Pesticides should be:
A. kept in original containers.
B. Transferred to new containers after they have been opened.
6-5
-------
6.
Pesticides should also be stored away from
trained persons.
.and urv
7. To prevent accidents with pesticides you should:
Take care to follow directions on the
Keep pesticides in their original
Use and store pesticides away from
POISONING
8. Most deaths caused by pesticides occur when a person accidently eats or
drinks the product.
This may occur because the pesticide was placed in an unmarked contain-
er.
However, there is a more subtle way this can happen. If a person gets
pesticides on his hands during application, could he get the product into
his mouth? (yes/no)
9. A person can also get a pesticide into his body by breathing it in, or
getting it on his skin. Most pesticides can get into the body through the
skin.
You can be poisoned from a pesticide by:
A. breathing it.
B. eating it.
C. touching it.
D. Any of these.
10. Therefore, during the application of a pesticide, you should not:
A. breathe pesticide mist, dust or vapor.
B. allow it on your skin.
C. get it on your hands.
D. All of these.
6-6
-------
PROTECTING YOUR BODY FROM PESTICIDES
11. In general, the more of your body covered during the application of pesti-
cides the better.
Even in hot weather, when applying pesticides you should wear (long/
short) sleeved shirts and (long/short) pants.
12.
A coverall type of garment as shown above (would/would not) be good for
pesticide application.
13. For increased protection, the material in protective garments should be:
A. loosely woven and absorbent.
B. tightly woven and non-absorbent.
14. Which of these materials would be good for pesticide work?
blue jean denim
knit shirt
"see through" material
cotton as found in work shirts
15. In addition, when working with highly toxic or highly concentrated pesti-
cides, you should be covered with something:
A. waterproof.
B. absorbent.
16. Which of these would be better to wear when working with highly toxic
pesticides or pesticide concentrates?
A. rain coat.
B. sweat shirt.
6-7
-------
17. Which man is wearing better protection for working with highly toxic
materials?
A.
B.
18, To protect hands from pesticides, the applicator should wear
19. The applicator will be safer if the glove material is made from (absorbent/
non-absorbent) material.
20. For most pesticides, gloves should be made from:
A. neoprene rubber.
B. cotton.
C. leather.
D. Any of these.
21. Gloves lined with a fabric are absorbent and could hold pesticide against
your skin.
Therefore, neoprene gloves used in pesticide work should be (lined/
unlined).
6-8
-------
22. Like gloves, boots used in pesticide application should be made from:
A. unlined neoprene.
B. cotton and leather.
. A
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23. To prevent a pesticide from getting into your gloves and boots, pant legs
and shirt sleeves should be worn outside your gloves and boots.
This is shown correctly in which picture?
B
24. The head, neck and face can be protected by wearing a hat.
BRIM
The neck and face are protected by the
_of the hat.
6-9
-------
25. The hat worn during pesticide application should have a (wide/narrow)
brim.
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26. The hat should also be (waterproof/absorbent).
27. Which of these would be a good hat for pesticide work?
plastic hard hat
rain hat
baseball cap
straw hat
felt hat
28. The sweatband in the hat should be:
A. absorbent material.
B. plastic.
29.
The eyes must be protected from pesticides by wearing
or a face mask.
30. Again, absorbent head bands on goggles should be avoided.
Which of these would be better on goggles used in pesticide work?
A. elastic fabric headbands.
B. neoprene headbands.
6-10
-------
RESPIRATORY DEVICES
31. The applicator's breathing must be protected during the handling of a
pesticide.
Pesticide dusts and sprays may consist of:
A. gases (vapors).
B. small particles or droplets.
C. Both of the above.
32. Therefore, sprays, dusts and vapors (can/cannot) be filtered out of the air.
33. Respirators are filtering devices that screen out and trap droplets, dust
particles and vapors before they are breathed in.
Dust' . : ;
Filter
:umigant
Fumigant
Respirators can be used to protect the wearer against:
A. pesticide dusts, sprays and vapors.
B. fumigants.
C. Both of these.
34. The only types of respirators you should use when applying pesticides are
those approved by the National Institute for National Safety and Health
(NIOSH) and the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA).
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
6-11
-------
35. The pictures below show 2 types of respirators.
CANISTER
FILTER
CARTRIDGE
FILTER
"GAS MASK"
The chemical cartridge respirator covers:
A. nose and mouth only.
B. eyes, nose and mouth.
A
i,i_
mouth Only,
respirator,
36. The chemical _
the whole face.
.respirator uses a face mask that covers
37. Which type of respirator requires the user to wear separate goggles?
A. chemical cartridge respirator.
B. chemical canister respirator.
38. Which type is also called a "gas mask"?
A. chemical cartridge respirator.
B. chemical canister respirator.
39. Which respirator has the larger filter element?
A. chemical cartridge respirator.
B. chemical canister respirator.
6-12
-------
40. Label these pictures as chemical cartridge or canister respirators.
A.
41. Filters:
A. can last indefinitely.
B. fill up and must be replaced.
42. When working with pesticides, the cartridges and canisters on chemical
respirators must be changed every day or more often if you can smell
chemical vapors.
How often do you change cartridges and canisters?
A. every day.
8. if you can smell chemical vapors.
C. Both of these.
43. Used cartridges and canisters contain pesticide. Therefore, these filters:
A. can be thrown in the trash.
B. must be disposed of as directed for the pesticide.
44. Respirators can only filter air. They cannot supply you with oxygen.
If oxygen is low or where fumigants are used, which of these devices can
protect the wearer best?
6-13
-------
CARE AND CLEANING OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND RESPIRATORS
45. Clothing can collect pesticides. To prevent a dangerous build-up, clothing
used for pesticide work should be cleaned:
A. after each use.
B. when it gets dirty.
46. If you spill a pesticide on your clothing you should:
A. wait until the end of the job to change your clothes.
B. change your clothes right away.
47. Pesticide concentrates are particularly hard to remove from clothing.
If your clothing gets wet from pesticide concentrates or highly toxic pesti-
cides, it should be (washed/destroyed).
48. In any event, because of the pesticide hazard, contaminated clothing (can/
should not) be stored or washed with the family wash.
49. Detergent is better at removing pesticides than soap.
Clothing used in pesticide work should be washed with
50. The face piece of the respirator and goggles must be washed:
A. after each use.
B. when they get dirty.
51. Wash the face piece with detergent and water, rinse it and dry it with a
clean cloth.
The respirator should be stored in a clean, dry place away from pesticides.
A good place to store the respirator is.
A. where your protective clothing is stored.
B. next to the pesticide containers.
52. You should be sure that the respirator fits your face.
Long sideburns, glasses, beards, etc. can:
A. make a good seal.
B. prevent the respirator from sealing.
6-14
-------
; - s
from
53. To review what we have covered so far:
The purpose of protective clothing and respirators is:
A. to keep you from breathing pesticide.
B. to keep pesticide away from your skin.
C. to keep the pesticide off of your hands.
D. All of these.
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54. Protective clothing should be made from (loosely/tightly) woven fabric.
in"'-.--
55. Which of these is a better hot weather outfit for pesticide work?
A. knit shirt and light cotton pants.
B. coverall garment of tightly woven cotton.
56. If you are handling highly toxic or concentrated pesticides, your outer
garment should be:
§
of tightly
t cotton.
A. overalls.
B. a raincoat.
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57. Which of these is a better head covering for applying pesticides?
A. scarf.
B. baseball cap.
C. plastic hard hat.
58. Unless otherwise specified by the label, gloves and boots used for pesticide
application should be:
A. canvas or leather.
B. lined neoprene.
C. unlined neoprene.
D. Any of these.
C
59. You will need to wear goggles with a chemical
rator.
-respi-
A chemical
.respirator is also called a "gas mask".
60. How often should protective clothing, goggles and respirators be washed?
6-15
-------
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61. Goggles and respirators should be washed with detergent, and then:
A. air dried.
B. wiped dry with a clean cloth.
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62. The respirator type you use for pesticide work should be one approved by:
A. NIOSH.
B. The Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration.
C. Both of these.
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66. Hair and fingernails are places where pesticides may be difficult to wash
off.
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In case of contact with pesticides, you should pay careful attention to
washing your hair and under your __^___^____
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If you inhale a pesticide, get to fresh
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TMtt MWOOCT COHTAMI U UB OF FUTOFF Ft* OAILOK
FCSTOFF IS A REOItTTRED TRADEMARK OF A Z COWOHATKM
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
If you have inhaled a pesticide, you should at least contact
6-17
-------
I- M I r£
69. If you splash a pesticide into your mouth or swallow it, rinse your mouth
out with several glasses of
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71. Sometimes it is much safer for the victim to be made to vomit up the
pesticide.
Other times the pesticide is so caustic that it will damage the mouth and
throat if it is vomited. It is safer to leave in the stomach.
TMS MKXXJCT CONtMM it U* Of KSTOFF KR GALLON
KSTOTF It A MOttTtRtD TRADEMARK Of AZ COMHMAT1OM
70. If there is any chance that you swallowed pesticide, you should:
A. wait to see if you get sick.
B. get to or be taken to a doctor right away.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
SEE SIDE PANEL fOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Instructions as to whether the victim should be made to vomit can be
found on the pesticide -
72. If a person has been poisoned, his symptoms must be watched constantly,
or he may die.
A person who has been poisoned (should/should not) be left alone.
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73. If you have to go for a doctor, the poison victim should be:
A. left in a quiet place.
B. left with someone else to watch him.
6-18
-------
74. The pesticide label gives specific instructions to the doctor on how to treat
the poison victim (for example).
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
DANGER
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(& DOMESTIC ANIMALS)
Poisonous by swallowing or inhalation.
Do not breathe spray mist. Do not get
in eyes. Avoid contact with skin. Wear
a mask or respirator of a type passed by
the U. S. Bureau of Mines for De Pesto
protection. For emergency assistance
call OOO-OOO-OOOO
TO PHYSICIAN: De Pesto is a rever-
sible cholinesterase inhibitor. Do not
use oximes such as 2-PAM Give Atro-
pine 2mg. intravenously or subcutane-
ously. If in eye instill one drop of
Homatrophine.
If you take a person to the doctor because of suspected pesticide poison-
ing, the doctor will need the pesticide
75. Therefore, the pesticide label or the container should be taken to the
doctor.
If the container must be carried, it should be taken in:
A. the trunk or back of the truck.
B. the back seat.
76. It is a good idea to carry the pesticide container in the passenger section of
a car or truck? (yes/no)
SYMPTOMS OF PESTICIDE POISONING
77. Pesticide poisoning symptoms rarely appear more than 12 hours after
exposure.
Sickness that occurs more than 12 hours after pesticide treatment proba-
bly (is/is not) due to pesticide poisoning.
78. Even with illness that occurs more than 12 hours after possible pesticide
exposure, is it a good idea to check with a doctor anyway? (yes/no)
6-19
-------
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79. One type of poisoning is due to
injure the nervous system.
Parathion poisoning would more
A. dizziness.
B. skin blisters.
pesticides like parathion. These pesticides
likely produce which of these symptoms:
ap\ f <* v' r
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a i*p
80. Exhibit in the back of this Chapter shows the levels of symptoms pro-
duced by parathion poisoning or poisoning by similar pesticides.
Symptoms of poisoning occur in stages. You can expect a poison victim
to:
A. get mild symptoms first.
B. drop over immediately with severe symptoms.
81. There are 3 stages of poisoning: mild, moderate and severe. Which of these
symptoms will appear first?
A. muscle twitches and unconsciousness.
B. sweating, nausea and stomach cramps.
82. During moderate and severe stages of pesticide poisoning, the symptoms
(such as headache and dizziness) that first appeared during the mild stage:
A, disappear.
B. get worse.
83. Another example of pesticide poisoning is with fumigants. and solvents.
This type of poisoning will occur when a person (eats/breathes) the pesti-
cide.
84. The signs and symptoms of fumigant or solvent poisoning are:
poor coordination
slurred words
confusion
sleep
A person who has been poisoned by fumigants appears drunk.
GO TO THE NEXT FRAME
6-20
-------
85. A person who has been poisoned by breathing fumes from solvents more
likely will:
A. develop a quick heartbeat.
B. get sick to his stomach.
C. get sleepy.
•ik -,
v"' ' 'ipt-sleepy,
or untrained par-
S^.
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
86. To prevent accidents with pesticides you should:
Take care to follow directions on the
Keep pesticides in their original
Use and store pesticides away from
87. Protective clothing should be designed to:
A. keep you from breathing pesticides.
B. keep pesticides off your skin.
C. keep pesticides off your hands.
D. All of the above.
V;V' -O'
88. To keep pesticides off and out of your body, protective clothing should be
(absorbent/non-absorbent).
89. Gloves and shoes should be made of .
90. Hats should protect the head from pesticides.
Hats should be non-absorbent and have a
_all around.
,11: ---- '
^Cf^'\brtfifl , ,
fe" ' ^
91. Respirators protect you from breathing in chemical dusts.
The dust is trapped by a which is part of the respira-
tor unit.
92. To provide constant protection, a respirator must be cleaned and the filter
changed periodically.
The respirator should be washed
6-21
-------
93. Canister filters need changing
Cartridge filters need changing
_day of use.
_day of use.
94. The most effective cleaning agent for clothes, equipment and the body is
(soap/detergent) and water.
95. If you swallow or breathe in a pesticide you should see a doctor.
To help the doctor determine the proper treatment, you should bring the
pesticide with you.
96. Since some of the symptoms of pesticide poisoning are so severe-for
example, unconsciousness—the poison victim should be watched carefully.
He or she (should/should not) be left alone.
97. The symptoms of pesticide poisoning usually occur within
hours of exposure.
98. The first symptoms are mild and they get progressively worse.
Which of these would be a mild symptom of pesticide poisoning?
A. loss of consciousness.
B. vomiting and diarrhea.
99. Pesticides like parathion affect the nervous system.
A symptom of parathion poisoning might be:
A. dizziness.
B. skin blisters.
100. Circle the symptoms that might occur in the severe stage of pesticide
poisoning.
unable to walk
difficulty in breathing
secretions from the mouth
vomiting
loss of consciousness
6-22
-------
difficulty in breathing.
secretions from the mouth.
loss of consciousness.
101. Fumigants and solvents poison when they are (swallowed/breathed in).
breathed in.
102. A person with fumigant or solvent poisoning might appear to be drunk.
He or she will be more likely to (vomit/get sleepy and confused).
get sleepy and confused.
You have now completed Chapter 6, Using Pesticides Safely. Now com-
plete the post test found in the back of this Chapter.
6-23
-------
CHAPTER 6
USING PESTICIDES SAFELY
POST TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Complete directions for using a pesticide are found on the label of the pesticide container.
A. true
B. false
2. Severe pesticide poisoning cannot occur unless a pesticide is eaten.
A. true
B. false
3. A sweat suit offers good protection when working with highly toxic pesticides because the material is very absorbent.
A. true
B. false
4. A "gas mask" or chemical canister respirator can be used for fumigation work.
A. true
B. false
5. A filter on a cartridge respirator does not need changing as frequently as the filter on a canister respirator.
A. true
B. false
6. Symptoms of most pesticide poisoning may take 24 hours to develop.
A. true
B. false
7. If pesticide poisoning is suspected, the first thing that should be done is to induce vomiting in the victim.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following questions multiple choice:
8. Pesticides should be stored:
A. in clearly marked containers.
B. only in the original container.
C. Both of the above.
9. Pesticides can cause poisoning when they are:
A. breathed in.
B. eaten.
C. touched.
D. Any of the above.
6-24
-------
10. Which of the following would be better head protection during the application of pesticide?
A. close-fitting cap like those worn by surgeons.
B. a cap with a long visor.
C. a construction worker's hard hat.
D. Any of the above.
11. Which would be better body protection when working with highly toxic pesticides?
A. cotton coveralls.
B. water-proof raincoat.
C. blue jeans and knit shirt.
12. Which of the following would provide the best protection for the feet?
A. sneakers and heavy wool socks.
B. high-top leather shoes.
C. unlined neoprene boots.
D. Any of the above.
13. Materials worn to protect the body while using pesticides should be:
A. highly absorbent.
B. non-absorbent.
14. This is a:
A. cartridge respirator.
B. self-contained breathing apparatus.
C. gas mask.
15. Respirators should be approved by:
A. National Institute for National Safety and Health.
B. Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration.
C. Environmental Protection Agency.
D. A and B, but not C.
16. Clothing used for pesticide work:
A. should be dry cleaned.
B. washed in detergent.
C. washed in soap.
17. Pesticides are best washed off the body with:
A. soap and water.
B. detergent and water.
C. baking soda and water.
D. solvent.
6-25
-------
18. When a pesticide is swallowed:
A. you should see a doctor right away.
B. induce vomiting.
19. How often should you clean your clothing, goggles and respirator face mask used during pesticide application?
A. about once a week.
B. about once a month.
C. after each use.
D. when they get dirty.
Fill in the blanks.
20. When taking a patient to a doctor you should take the pesticide with you.
21. Pesticide poisoning symptoms will usually occur within hours of exposure.
6-26
-------
CHAPTER 6, EXHIBIT
MILD POISONING
Fatigue
Headache
Dizziness
Blurred Vision
Too much Sweating and Salivation
Nausea and Vomiting
Stomach Cramps or Diarrhea
MODERATE POISONING
• Unable to Walk
• Weakness
• Chest Discomfort
• Muscle Twitches
• Constriction of Pupil of the Eye
• Earlier Symptoms Become more Severe
SEVERE POISONING
Unconsciousness
Severe Constriction of Pupil of the Eye
Muscle Twitches
Secretions from Mouth and Nose
Breathing Difficulty
Death if not Treated
627
-------
CHAPTER 7
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE LAW
PRE TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Using pesticides in a way other than as directed on the label is a violation of Federal Law.
A. true
B. false
2. In order to reduce the vaporization of pesticides, you should apply them in the cool part of the day.
A. true
B. false
3. Farm produce coming to market should have no pesticide residue on or in it.
A. true
B. false
4. Tolerance levels are given in parts per million.
A. true
B. false
5. Pesticides should be mixed and loaded out of doors in daylight.
A. true
B. false
6. Pesticide containers can be reused to store other chemicals, but only if they have been thoroughly cleaned.
A. true
B. false
7. When mixing pesticides, you should work alone so as to reduce the chance of an accident.
A. true
B. false
8. One good wey to clean up a pesticide spill is by soaking the pesticide up in sawdust or soil and shoveling it into
leakproof containers.
A. true
B. false
9. Pesticide drift can be reduced by reducing sprayer pressure.
A. true
B. false
7-1
-------
10. Empty pesticide containers can be disposed of by burying.
A. true
B. false
11. Small numbers of paper pesticide containers may be burned if local regulations allow it.
A. true
B. false
12. If a spill occurs on a public street or road, you should contact the local authorities before doing anything else.
A. true
B. false
13. A barn is a good storage place for pesticides if the pesticides have their own special storage area.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
14. If you have a pesticide left over and cannot reuse it, the excess can be:
A. washed down a dram with a large quantity of water.
B. buried in a hole at least 18 inches deep.
C. placed in a special landfill area.
D. taken to the local dump.
15. Restricted use pesticides can only be legally used by:
A. certified applicators.
B. private applicators.
C. commercial applicators.
D. Any of these.
16. The safest place to transport pesticides is in the back of a:
A. pickup truck.
B. paneled truck.
C. covered jeep.
D. station wagon.
17. Pesticides should be transported and stored in:
A. a special sealed container.
B. sprayer tanks.
C. the original container.
D. Any of these.
18. Which of these is the best building material for a pesticide storage building?
A. wood and shingle.
B. plywood.
C. sheet metal.
D. brick.
7-2
-------
19. If strong winds come up during pesticide application:
A. stop immediately.
B. finish the job, but at a slower pace.
C. finish the job, but at a lower sprayer pressure.
D. continue the application unless drift becomes a problem.
20. Match the following:
A. Tolerance
B. Persistent pesticide
C. Accumulative pesticide
D. Residue
E. EPA
F. ppm
G. Label
H. Drift
I. Target
1. Long-lived pesticide.
2. Area or pest to be treated for.
3. Pesticide that can build-up inside the body.
4. First source of information on pesticide restrictions, quantities for
treatment, dates for treatment before harvest, etc.
5. Movement of dust or spray on air currents.
6. Pesticide left on produce.
7. Measure of pesticide residue on produce.
8. Safe level of residue on produce.
9. Agency that sets tolerance levels.
Fill in the blanks:
21. Some ways pesticides can move out of a target area are:
_in hot weather.
A. they can
B. they can be eroded along with
C. they can leach through the soil into ground
.particles.
22. A pesticide storage building should:
A. have a
B. be built from
C. have a
D. be well
_floor.
-proof materials.
.on the door.
_, and well ventilated.
7-3
-------
(LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY)
7-4
-------
CHAPTER 7
1NVIRONMENT AND THE LAW
LEARNING PROGRAM
1. In recent years there has been increasing concern as to the effects pesti-
cides have on people and their surroundings.
The use and misuse of some pesticides has resulted in the passage of laws
regulating pesticide use.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
2. Pesticides can kill wildlife, contaminate drinking water, poison domestic
animals and plants, and poison people. However, if pesticides are used
correctly, all of these problems can be reduced.
This chapter will cover: (1) how pesticides can threaten the environment,
(2) procudures for preventing environmental damage, (3) safe handling of
pesticides, and (4) what laws may affect you in your handling of pesti-
cides.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
PESTICIDE TARGETS AND NON-TARGETS
3. The target plant or animal is what the pesticide is designed to kill.
A likely target pest for an insecticide would be:
A. the pea aphid.
B. the honey bee.
4. Here is a portion of a pesticide label.
when weather conditio.
from areas treated. Do not cv,
water by cleaning of equipment ..
posal of wastes. This product is toxic to
bees and should not be applied when
bees are actively visiting the area.
This pesticide is designed to kill the pea aphid. However, it will kill:
A. the pea aphid.
B. the honey bee.
C. Both of these.
7-5
-------
5. Unfortunately, pesticides may kill:
Both o* these.
A. only target plants and animals.
B. both target and non-target plants and animals.
8
4 Irrto0th target and non-target
|V -plants and, arsimals."
6. In order to protect non-target animals such as bees, pesticides (should/
should not) be applied when they are in the treatment area.
7. Pesticides also have target areas on which they are to be applied.
weedy
soy bean
field
B
wooded
area
In the above area, a herbicide is going to be used to kill weeds in a soy
bean field.
The target area is (A/B).
The non-target area is (A/B).
8. Drift is the movement of pesticide spray or dust out of the target area.
If the herbicide in the last frame drifts into the wooded area, the trees may
be
fr'
Jv ' / "< "*
',',' kitted or damaged <
9. Drift (is/is not) desirable.
7-6
-------
10. Wind can cause pesticide to drift out of the target area.
V
Pesticides:
A. can be applied in moderate or strong winds with the right
precautions.
B. should not be applied in moderate or strong wind because of
drift.
11, If moderate to strong winds come up while you are applying pesticides,
immediately.
12. Spray pressure affects the way spray comes out of the nozzle.
The higher the sprayer pressure, the (larger/smaller) the spray droplets.
13. (Large/Small) spray droplets will drift more easily.
"*
7-7
-------
14. Reducing sprayer pressure and using nozzles with larger openings (in-
creases/reduces) the possibility of drift.
7oz /min.
60 psi
7oz./min.
|20psi
Y
•C
•~ 111°?^
15. Pesticides can vaporize intp the air.
Pesticide vapor may drift out of the target area.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
16. Could people or animals be poisoned by pesticide vapors? (yes/no)
17. If possible, you should use a pesticide that (vaporizes/does not vaporize)
easily.
18.
< i , 1 v <
,' - I } • i
-^_^_A~-*WA^.
^<^s^O»_X-
60 F°
Evaporation is less when liquids are (warm/cool).
7-8
-------
19. Therefore, to prevent pesticide vaporization, spraying should be done in
the (warm/cool) part of the day.
20. Pesticides can move out of a target area into non-target areas by:
A.
produced by high sprayer pressure and
small nozzle openings.
B. of pesticide into the air in hot weather.
21.
Pesticide runoff into streams and lakes can kill
22. Pesticides can leach or soak through the soil and contaminate ground
PESTICIDE
WELL
23. After application, most pesticides begin to break down into harmless
chemicals. The speed at which this occurs differs from pesticide to pesti-
cide.
PESTICIDE
RESIDUE
The pesticide left on crops or in the soil that has not broken down is called
7-9
-------
24. Pesticides can be moved to where they are not wanted as a
on crops.
25. The pesticide residue in soil, even though it is not leaching into the ground
water, can move.
TREATED AREA
\
If wind or water erosion carries the soil particles away, the pesticide
will be carried with them.
26. Some ways pesticides can move out of target areas to where they are not
wanted are:
1. They can .
2. They can
currents.
3. They can .
Jn high wind.
_ in hot weather and move in air
Jnto streams or lakes.
27. (Continued from last frame.)
4. They can
water.
through soil into the ground
5. They can be eroded along with
6. They can be carried on harvested crops as .
. particles.
PESTICIDE RESIDUES
28. Ideally, harvested crops will have no pesticide residues on them. However,
in practice, this is almost impossible.
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gives the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency the authority to set safe limits on the amount of residue
on farm products.
The EPA:
A. requires that there be no residues on farm products going to
market.
B. sets limits on how much residue will be allowed on products
going to market.
7-10
-------
29. The amount of pesticide residue allowed on farm products and considered
safe is called a tolerance,
The amount of pesticide residue on a crop when harvested must be
the tolerance level set by the EPA.
30. For most pesticides, the pesticide begins to break down right after applica-
tion.
Usually, the residue will reach the tolerance level (before/after) applica-
tion.
31. EPA takes into account the time it takes to break down pesticide residues.
From this they compute the number of days before harvest that a crop can
be safely sprayed.
stands of Alfalfa
Pints of
De Pesto
Par Acre
Do Not Cut
or Graze
Within
7 days
14 days
28 days
RED CLOVER asdf >lk[ asdf 'Ikj aad
This information can be found where?
32. Tolerances are given in parts per million (or ppm). One ppm would be 1
pound of pesticide for each 500 tons of crop.
A tolerance level of 3 parts per million means that it is unsafe to have
more than pounds of pesticide for every
tons of farm product.
33. Suppose the tolerance level for a pesticide on cabbage is set at 5 ppm. A
test reveals that there is a residue of 3.4 ppm on a shipment of cabbage.
This (is/is not) considered a safe amount.
34. Some pesticides persist longer than others. These are called persistent pes-
ticides.
Which of these can be applied closer to harvest time?
A. a persistent pesticide.
B. a pesticide that breaks down quickly.
7-11
-------
35. Some pesticides are not only persistent, but they also build up in an
animal.
These are called accumulative pesticides.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
36. An accumulative pesticide is a persistent pesticide that:
A. builds up in animals.
B. breaks down rapidly into harmless chemicals.
37. Match these:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Residue
Tolerance
Persistent
pesticide
Accumulative
pesticide
1. Long-lived pesticide
2. Safe level of pesticide residue
3. Pesticide left on or in farm pro-
duce
4. Pesticide that can build up in ani-
mals
SAFE HANDLING OF PESTICIDES
38. Many problems arise with pesticides because the handler did not think
ahead at the time of purchase.
The first and most important step in planning a pesticide program is to
determine:
A. where the pesticide is going to be applied.
B. what pest you need to control.
39.
Next, the purchaser of pesticides should find out if he has the right
equipment to apply that pesticide.
7-12
-------
40.
He must also know if he needs or has the correct
clothing and equipment.
41.
Restrictions on use, safety and environmental precautions, and the amount
of pesticide needed for the job can be determined by reading the pesticide
42. The pesticide label should be read:
A. before purchasing the pesticide.
B. after purchasing the pesticide.
C. Both of these.
43. Some pesticides are for general use, and some are restricted.
This pesticide:
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION
A. can be used by the general public.
B. can only be used by certified applicators.
7-13
-------
44.
In order to purchase restricted use pesticides, you must be
TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
45. Care must be taken when carrying pesticides from one place to another.
The safest place to carry pesticides is in the back of a (pick-up truck/
station wagon/panel truck).
46. Is it a good idea to carry passengers, food or animal feed with the pesti-
cides? (yes/no)
47. When carrying or storing pesticides, you are responsible for them.
Unlocked pesticides (should/should not) be left unattended.
48. The building storing pesticides should have a
door.
.on the
49. Pesticides should be stored in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.
The storage building should have a (cement/dirt) floor.
50. If the building storing the pesticides caught fire, the smoke and fumes
coming from the pesticides would make the fire (more/less) dangerous.
51. The storage building should be made from
materials.
7-14
. resistant
-------
52. The pesticide storage building would be better made from:
A. cinder blocks.
B. wood.
53. Lighting and ventilation are important.
To prevent accidents and mistakes when handling the pesticides, the inside
of the pesticide storage building should be well
54. Pesticide fumes could build up inside the building over a period of time.
Which of these would be a more sure way to clear potential fumes out of
the building?
A. opening the windows from time to time.
B. installing an exhaust fan.
55. Pesticides should be stored in:
A. new containers.
B. the original labeled containers.
56. If a pesticide container breaks or has a leak, the pesticide should be trans-
ferred:
A. to a large metal drum that can be sealed.
B. to a container that held exactly the same pesticide.
57. Identify the features of a pesticide storage building:
A. it should have a floor.
B. it should be built from -proof materials.
C. it should have a ___ _ . on the door.
58. Identify the features of a pesticide storage building (continued):
D. it should be well .and ventilated with an
fan.
E. food, feed or seed (should/should not) be stored in it.
7-15
-------
MIXING AND LOADING PESTICIDES
59.
When mixing and loading pesticides, you should be wearing
equipment and clothing.
60. Pets, people and livestock should not be in the mixing and loading area.
However, it is much safer for you to mix pesticides:
A. with someone to help you.
B. alone.
61. The safest place to mix pesticides is (outdoors/indoors).
62. Wind direction is important.
You should try to mix pesticides with the wind coming from which direc-
tion? (A/B)
63. Directions including amounts and methods may have changed since you
used this type of pesticide.
You should read label directions (before/after) opening the container.
7-16
-------
65.
SPILLS
64. If pesticides are accidentally spilled:
A. allow the pesticide to run off.
B. try to confine the spill.
SAND OR DIRT
DIKE
One way to confine the spill and prevent runoff is to build a dike around
the spill with or ^______.
66. The pesticide may have to be removed.
It would be easier to remove the pesticide:
A. as a liquid.
B. if it is soaked up first in some material such as sawdust or soil.
67. Once the pesticide is soaked up, it can be shoveled into a leakproof con-
tainer for disposal.
This container can be disposed of:
A. at a local dump.
B. in a special pesticide landfill.
68. Some arrangement (such as a fence and warning sign) must be made to
keep _^_^__^_^__ and „ out of the spill area
until it is cleaned up.
7-17
-------
69. Suppose the spill occurs on a street or highway.
You should:
A. try to contain it immediately.
B. contact the proper authorities.
C. Both of these.
70. Match the authorities you would contact if the spill occurred on:
A.
B.
C.
D.
A county road
A city !trPPt
An interstate
freeway
An area near a
hnrly nf wqtpr
1.
2.
3.
4.
County health official
City police
Sheriff
Highway patrol
DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS
71, All pesticide containers must be destroyed or buried after use.
To prevent pesticides from contaminating the soil, glass, plastic and metal
containers should be nut before they are disposed of.
72. When emptying the pesticide container into the sprayer, you should be
sure to pour out as much pesticide as possible.
You will do a better job of draining the container if you:
A. pour the pesticide into the spray tank as quickly as possible.
B. hold the pesticide container upside down art extra 30 seconds
to let it drip.
73. After pouring the pesticide into the spray tank, the container must be
rinsed out.
You can get a more thorough rinse if you put water in the container, seal
it, and shake it vigorously, turning it upside down.
How full should the container be with water to get a more thorough rinse?
7-18
-------
74. The rinse water should then be poured into the
SPRAYER TANK
75. The container should be rinsed:
A. once
B. at least three times.
76. The water used to rinse out the pesticide container should go into:
A. the sprayer tank along with the rest of the pesticide water
mixture.
B. the sewer or drain.
77. Rinsed containers can be buried in open fields.
Puncture or break the containers before burying them.
The containers should be buried:
A. close to the surface.
B. at least 18 inches below the surface where they will not pol-
lute surface or subsurface water.
78. Small numbers of paper pesticide containers may be burned in open fields
if local regulations permit.
If you burn pesticide containers stay out of the
fire produces.
7-19
.the
-------
FEDERAL LAW
79.
smoke or fumes
, F.etteral:
DIRECTIONS FOR
RESTRICTED USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use
this product in a manner inconsistent
with its labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
- —-«a within five days after
According to the pesticide label, it is a violation of
law to misuse this pesticide.
80. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended,
requires that pesticides be classified for either general or restricted use.
This is the law that requires the users of restricted pesticides to be certi-
fied.
This law imposes penalties (up to $1000 and 30 days in prison) for people
who do not obey the law.
GO ON TO THE NEXT FRAME
81. Suppose a person applies a pesticide in a way not directed by the label
instructions.
That person might be liable for:
A. a fine.
B. imprisonment.
C. Both of these.
Birth of tH«e,
REVIEW AND SUMMARY
82. You can avoid harming the environment, misapplying pesticides, and vio-
lating Federal Law by reading and following direc-
tions.
- label -
83. The movement of pesticide spray or dust out of the target area is called
7-20
-------
84. Drift can be prevented by:
A. not applying pesticides in a moderate to high:.
B. reducing sprayer
opening.
and increasing nozzle
85. Pesticide vaporization can be reduced by:
A. choosing a pesticide that does not vaporize.
B. spraying in the cooler part of the day.
C. Both of these.
86. An equipment operator is careless in the cleaning of his sprayer, and excess
pesticide is washed onto the ground. This pesticide can cause problems by:
A. running into
B. leaching through the soil into ground
.and killing wildlife.
87. Match these
A.
B.
C.
D.
terms:
Residue
Persistent
pesticide
Accumulative
pesticide
Toleranre
1. Acceptable level of residue
on produce
2. Pesticide that builds up in
living things over a period.
3 Pesticide left on produce.
4. Pesticide that breaks down
slowly.
88. ppm stands for
_per
89. Pesticides can move into non-target areas when erosion carries off
^__^__^___ particles.
90. The best place to transport pesticides is in the back of a
91. The building used to store pesticides should have a (dirt/wooden/cement)
floor.
It should be built from
7-21
--proof materials.
-------
92. The pesticide storage building should also be well
ventilated with an fan.
_and
It should have a
_on the door.
93. Food, feed, seed, etc. (should/should not) be stored near pesticides, or
transported with them.
You have just completed Chapter 7, The Environment and The Law. Now
complete the post test behind this chapter.
7-22
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CHAPTER 7
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE LAW
POST TEST
Answer the following questions true or false:
1. Using pesticides in a way other than as directed on the label is a violation of Federal Law.
A. true
B. false
2. In order to reduce the vaporization of pesticides, you should apply them in the cool part of the day.
A. true
B. false
3. Farm produce coming to market should have no pesticide residue on or in it.
A. true
B. false
4. Tolerance levels are given in parts per million.
A. true
B. false
5. Pesticides should be mixed and loaded out of doors in daylight.
A. true
B. false
6. Pesticide containers can be reused to store other chemicals, but only if they have been thoroughly cleaned.
A. true
B. false
7. When mixing pesticides, you should work alone so as to reduce the chance of an accident.
A. true
B. false
8. One good way to clean up a pesticide spill is by soaking the pesticide up in sawdust or soil and shoveling it into
leakproof containers.
A. true
B. false
9. Pesticide drift can be reduced by reducing sprayer pressure.
A. true
B. false
7-23
-------
10. Empty pesticide containers can be disposed of by burying.
A. true
B. false
11. Small numbers of paper pesticide containers may be burned if local regulations allow it.
A. true
B. false
12. If a spill occurs on a public street or road, you should contact the local authorities before doing anything else.
A. true
B. false
13. A barn is a good storage place for pesticides if the pesticides have their own special storage area.
A. true
B. false
Answer the following multiple choice questions:
14. If you have a pesticide left over and cannot reuse it, the excess can be:
A. washed down a drain with a large quantity of water.
B. buried in a hole at least 18 inches deep.
C. placed in a special landfill area.
D. taken to the local dump.
15. Restricted use pesticides can only be legally used by:
A. certified applicators.
B. private applicators.
C. commercial applicators.
D. Any of these.
16. The safest place to transport pesticides is in the back of a:
A. pickup truck.
B. paneled truck.
C. covered jeep.
D. station wagon.
17. Pesticides should be transported and stored in:
A. a special sealed container.
B. sprayer tanks.
C. the original container.
D. Any of these.
18. Which of these is the best building material for a pesticide storage building?
A. wood and shingle.
B. plywood.
C. sheet metal.
D. brick.
7-24
-------
19. If strong winds come up during pesticide application:
A. stop immediately.
B- finish the job, but at a slower pace.
c- finish the job, but at a lower sprayer pressure.
D. continue the application unless drift becomes a problem.
20. Match the following:
A. Tolerance
B. Persistent pesticide
C. Accumulative pesticide
D. Residue
E. EPA
F. ppm
G. Label
H. Drift
I. Target
1. Long-lived pesticide.
2. Area or pest to be treated for.
3. Pesticide that can build-up inside the body.
4. First source of information on pesticide restrictions, quantities for
treatment, dates for treatment before harvest, etc.
5. Movement of dust or spray on air currents.
6. Pesticide left on produce.
7. Measure of pesticide residue on produce.
8. Safe level of residue on produce.
9. Agency that sets tolerance levels.
Fill in the blanks:
21. Some ways pesticides can move out of a target area are:
.in hot weather.
A. they can
B. they can be eroded along with
C. they can leach through the soil into ground
.particles.
22. A pesticide storage building should:
A. have a
B. be built from
C. have a
D. be well
-floor.
-proof materials.
_on the door.
_, and well ventilated.
7-25
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CHAPTER 1
PESTS AND PEST CONTROL
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. A.
B.
C.
D.
19. A.
B.
C.
D.
20. A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
4
2
3
1
2
3
4
insect or disease
manure
crop
plowing
enemies
21. six (6)
22. three (3)
23. weed
24. eight (8)
25. fall
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CHAPTER 2
PESTICIDES
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. D
14. A
15. C
16. B 23. active, inert.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
A
C
A
C
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F
G.
H.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
1.
4
3
8
6
7
2
1
5
8
9
3
6
2
4
7
5
1
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CHAPTER 3
LABELS AND LABELING
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. B
2. DEPESTO
Pestoff
Tri-salicylic acid
One gallon
A-Z Chemicals, Town, State
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. A. 3
B. 1
C. 2
7. D
8. When it is safe to reenter a treated area without protective clothing.
9. A
10. B
11. Burying in a safe place
Agricultural pest control applicators
Restricted use
Federal Law
-------
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. B
12. C
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
A
B
C
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
5
4
2
1
7
6
3
4
5
1
2
6
3
7
-------
CHAPTER 5
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1- B !0. B
2- B n. C
3- B 12. A
4- A 13 D
5. A 14 B
6- A 15. 8
7. D 25
50
8. C
16. 5
9. C 10
20
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CHAPTER 6
USING PESTICIDES SAFELY
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. A 12. C
2. B 13. B
3. B 14. C
4. A 15. D
5. B 16. B
6. B 17. B
7. B 18. A
8. C 19. C
9. D 20. label
10. C 21. 12 hours
11. B
-------
CHAPTER 7
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE LAW
ANSWER KEY
PRE AND POST TESTS
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. A
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
A
C
D
A
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F
G.
H.
I.
A.
B.
C.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8
1
3
6
9
7
4
5
2
vaporize
soil
water
cement
fire
lock
lighted
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1975 632-709/16
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