United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
               Office of
               Toxic Substances
               Washington, DC 20460
EPA 560/13-80-0340
August 1980
             Toxic Substances
EPA
Chemical Use
Standard Encoding
System fChemUSES)

Volume 2
Function List and
Function List Index

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CHEMICAL USE STANDARD
ENCODING SYSTEM (ChemUSES)
Volume II —Function  List and
            Function  List Index
Final Report


July 1980

EPA  560/13-80-034b
Prepared by:
Eugene C. Coyner
Thomas Gibson
Arnold J. Millard
SRI  International

Prepared under the direction of:
Steven L. Wilhelm
John N. Gevertz
Jon J. Kaufman
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Contract No. 68-01-4109 — Research Request No. 9

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                               CONTENTS
I   FUNCTION LIST	         1




II  INDEX	        39
                                  111

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I  FUNCTION LIST

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1     Antifouling agents (surface coating  technology)
           Substances used in marine paints  to inhibit  growth  of
           barnacles and other organisms.

2     Ion exchange agents
           Substances used for the reversible interchange  of ions
           (or sometimes inorganic complexes) with an aqueous
           phase (e.g., zeolites, ion exchange resins,  or  liquid
           ion exchangers).

3     Polymer strippers
           Substances used to remove polymeric coating  materials
           from surfaces (e.g., photoresists from printed  circuit
           boards).

4     Antifelting agents (textile technology)
           Substances applied to textile fibers to prevent their
           "felting" or forming a mat during processing.

5     Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement)
           Substances added to materials (e.g., petroleum
           products, varnish, and rosin oil) to enhance
           fluorescence.

6     Blasting abrasives
           Substances entrained in a high  velocity stream  used  to
           clean, cut, or finish surfaces.

7     Soil retardants (textile technology)
           Substances applied to textiles  to inhibit the
           attachment of dirt to the fabric.

8     Poison gas decontaminants
           Substances used to remove or decompose poison gas.

9     Rinse aids
           Substances added to a wash bath to remove traces of
           materials such as soap, contaminants, and residues
           (e.g., as used in automatic dishwashers).

10    Sequestering agents
           Substances that combine in an aqueous solution with
           metallic ions to form a water soluble combination in
           which the ions are substantially  inactive.

11    Rust removers
           Substances used to remove oxidized iron (rust)  from
           the surface of metals.

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12    Antifume agents (textile technology)
           Substances that prevent deterioration of textiles by
           atmospheric fumes, particularly those caused by
           combustion or those with an acid character.

13    Tarnish removers
           Substances that remove the discoloration of a
           metal surface due to the formation of a thin film of
           oxide, sulfide, etc.

14    Soaping-off assistants (textile technology)
           Substances used to facilitate the removal of
           unattached dye, dye assistants, or soap after dyeing.

15    Viscosity index improvers
           Substances used in lubricating and automotive oils
           to reduce the effect of temperature on their
           viscosity.

16    Reaction media
           Substances that act as vehicles for chemical reactions
           and that do not enter into the reaction themselves.

17    Paper-making agents
           A general term for substances used in paper
           manufacture.

18    Currying agents (leather technology)
           Substances that promote the loading (or penetration)
           of leather with oils or greases.

19    Catalyst supports
           Inert substances used to support a catalyst in a
           reaction system.

20    Fluorescent agents
           Substances, such as optical brighteners, that emit
           visible light as a direct consequence of the
           absorption of shorter wave length radiation such as
           ultraviolet light. The emission of radiation ceases
           when the stimulating radiation is discontinued.

21    Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)
           Substances that prevent scorch and premature
           vulcanization of rubber prior to reaching
           vulcanization temperatures.

22    Fluxing agents
           Substances used to remove oxides from and to clean the
           surfaces of metals, or to promote the fusion of metals
           or minerals.

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23    Waterproofing agents
           Substances used to make materials impervious to
           penetration by water.

24    Nucleating agents
           Substances that induce mixtures such as liquids,
           supersaturated solutions, saturated vapors, and
           polymers to form crystals or droplets, or that modify
           crystal grain structure, as in metals.

25    Fire extinguishing agents
           Substances that, when applied to a fire, will smother
           it.

26    Dust control agents
           Substances used to control finely divided
           solid particles of powdered or ground materials to
           reduce their discharge into the air.

27    Incendiaries
           Substances that ignite spontaneously upon impact,
           bursting, or contact.

28    Elasticizers
           Substances that make a product more elastic (e.g., an
           additive that contributes elasticity to a resin).

29    Softeners
           Substances used for softening materials (e.g. ,
           textiles, paper, gums) to improve feel, to facilitate
           finishing processes, or to impart flexibility or
           workability.

30    Depolymerization agents
           Substances used to reduce a polymer's degree of
           polymerization.

31    Chain extenders (polymer technology)
           Substances that, in effect, increase the length of a
           molecular chain by suppressing chain terminating
           reactions.

32    Fume suppressants (electroplating)
           Substances used to suppress the formation of fumes
           resulting from electroplating operations.

33    Latex compounding agents
           A general category for substances used in compounding
           latexes.

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34    Fertilizers -
           Substances added to soil to  supply  chemical  elements
           needed for plant nutrition.

35    Well treating agents (petroleum production)
           A general term for substances  used  in  the  production
           of oil or gas from underground  reservoirs  or producing
           wells.

36    Ultraviolet absorbers
           Substances added to materials  (such as  plastics  and
           paints) to protect against the  degradative effects of
           ultraviolet radiation.

37    Metal treating agents
           A general term for substances used  to  treat  metal or
           in metal working.

38    Drainage aids (paper technology)
           Substances that cause a more rapid  removal of water
           from pulp in papermaking.

39    Dye stripping agents
           Substances used to remove dyes  from fabrics  so that
           they can be redyed.

40    Tar removers
           Substances used to remove tar from  a material.

41    Antifloating agents
           Substances with surface active  properties  that wet
           floating or suspended particles, allowing  them to
           disperse or precipitate.

42    Sealants
           Substances used as coatings or  void or  joint  fillers,
           primarily to stop passage of matter (e.g., leakage).

43    Prepolymers (polymer technology)
           Polymeric substances of relatively  low molecular
           weight that can be mixed with additives and  hardened
           by further polymerization during or after a  forming or
           coating process.

44    Drilling mud additives (petroleum production)
           A general term for substances added to drilling muds
           to increase the density, reduce viscosity, counteract
           contaminants,  reduce filtrate loss, stabilize shale
           and clay, and emulsify components of the mud.

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45    Radioactivity decontaminants
           Substances used to remove radioactive substances from
           surfaces, liquids, gases, or the environment.

46    Activators (chemical processes)
           Substances that render a material or a system reactive
           (e.g., catalysts for polymerization or metallic oxides
           for vulcanization reactions).

47    Air entraining agents
           Substances, such as natural wood resins, fats,
           sulfonated compounds, and oils, that promote air
           entrapment in materials (e.g., in concrete).

48    Anticreasing agents (textile technology)
           Substances that impart wrinkle resistance to a fabric.

49    Descaling agents (metals)
           Substances that remove scale (e.g., coatings or
           crusts of oxides) from the surface of metals in
           reducing, oxidizing, or electrolytic processes.

50    Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)
           Compressed gases that expand when pressure is
           reduced, liquids that vaporize or soluble solids
           that leach out to form a foam or cellular structure
           (e.g., in a plastic or rubber mass).

51    Scavengers
           Substances added to a process or product to consume,
           neutralize, or inactivate small amounts of by-products,
           degradation products, impurities, etc.

52    Deodorants
           Substances used to remove, repress, or suppress the
           formation of undesirable odors.

53    Leaching agents
           Substances that dissolve and separate a solid from a
           mixture with an insoluble solid.

54    Stabilizers
           A general term for substances used as ingredients in
           formulated products to maintain desired physical and
           chemical properties.

55    Phosphatizing agents (metals)
           Substances, used in metal treating, that react with a
           substrate metal to form a protective insoluble coat of
           metal phosphate (e.g., to protect a metal
           surface before applying paint).

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56    Flatting agents (surface coatings)
           Substances added to paints, varnishes, or other
           coatings to disperse incident light  rays, thus
           reducing the gloss of the dried film and producing a
           matte finish.

57    Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)
           A general term for substances that facilitate the
           recovery of petroleum from wells, as in secondary or
           tertiary recovery.

58    Weighting agents (textile technology)
           Substances added to yarn or fabric to increase
           their weight or to act as a filling agent.

59    Pickling agents (metal technology)
           Substances, usually acids, used to remove oxides from
           metal surfaces by an immersion process.

60    Adsorbents
           Substances that hold or concentrate the atoms, ions,
           or molecules of liquids, gases, or dissolved
           substances upon their surfaces.

61    Strippers
           A general term for substances used to remove unwanted
           materials (e.g., coatings) from surfaces.

62    Optical quenchers
           Substances used to neutralize the effect of optical
           brighteners.

63    Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)
           Substances added to polymer formulations to reduce
           adhesion of the surfaces of derived products to
           each other or to other materials (e.g. , through a
           slight roughening of that surface).

64    Antiscaling agents (metals)
           Substances that prevent scale, a thin layer of metal
           oxides, from forming on metal surfaces.

65    Hydraulic fluids
           Noncorrosive fluids of low viscosity used to transmit
           force.

66    Feed additives (animal nutrition)
           Substances (e.g., amino acids or minerals) added to
           animal feed to improve nutrition and health.

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67    Mar proofing agents (surface coatings)
           Substances that, when added to coatings compositions,
           increase the ability of the coating to resist
           mechanical damage.

68    Antisettling agents
           Substances added to formulations (e.g., paints,
           adhesives, plastic emulsions) to preserve the
           dispersed state of the formulation.

69    Indicators
           A general term for substances that aid in the
           detection or determination of condition or
           composition of other substances, usually by visual
           means.

70    Bluing agents
           Substances that whiten substrates by masking the
           yellow cast.

71    Ripening agents (crops)
           Substances that promote full development or maturation
           of fruits and vegetables.

72    Coolants
           Fluids that, usually without undergoing a phase
           change, are used to remove heat from materials or
           exothermic reactions.

73    Dehydrating agents
           Substances used to remove chemically bound or
           otherwise associated water from a substance by
           chemical, catalytic, or other means.

74    Deicers
           Substances used to remove ice from, or prevent its
           accumulation on, a surface or in a liquid (e.g.,
           preventing ice formation in fuel lines or
           carburetors).

75    Pitch control agents (wood pulping)
           Substances that prevent the agglomeration of resin
           particles in wood pulping operations.

76    Antiknock agents (fuels)
           Substances added to fuels to prevent
           premature ignition in internal combustion engines.

77    Antifreezes
           Substances added to liquids to lower the
           freezing point.

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78    Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)
           Substances used prior to drycleaning or  laundering  of
           textiles to loosen or dissolve soil.

79    Flavors and fragrances
           Substances used to impart desired flavor and aroma
           characteristics to foods, cosmetics, confections,
           tobacco, Pharmaceuticals, etc.

80    Sweeteners (taste)
           Substances used to impart a sweet taste  to food or
           other products that are ingested or used in the
           mouth.

81    Deaerating agents
           Substances used to remove dissolved or entrained
           gases, (e.g., the use of nitrogen to purge oxygen from
           solutions).

82    Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)
           Substances used during petroleum refining processes  to
           remove petroleum wax from refinery streams, especially
           to separate waxes from oils.

83    Stains (microscopy)
           Substances used to impart color to preparations for
           microscopic examination.

84    Delignification agents (wood pulping)
           Substances that solubilize lignin in wood and
           facilitate the separation of cellulosic materials.

85    Dechlorinating agents
           Substances used to remove residual or free chlorine  or
           hypochlorite from materials (i.e. from textiles, wood
           pulp, water supplies, stack gases).

86    Coloring agents
           A general term for substances that produce color by
           selectively absorbing or reflecting light.

87    Heat stabilizers
           Substances that prevent or retard the degradation of a
           material by heat.

88    Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings)
           Substances that prevent the migration of an ingredient
           of a. mixture to the surface.

89    Electroconductive coating agents
           Coating substances that render otherwise
           nonconductive films electroconductive.
                               10

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90    Anticratering agents (surface coatings)
           Substances that, when added to paint or coating
           formulations, prevent formation of small bowl-shaped
           depressions ("fish eyes" or "alligatoring") in the
           dried film.

91    Lachrymators
           Substances that irritate the eyes, causing tearing.

92    Spreaders (plant applications)
           Substances used to promote the uniform coating and
           adhesion of agricultural chemicals (except
           fertilizers) onto plant surfaces.

93    Chemical raw materials
           A general  term for chemical substances used as
           starting materials for chemical reactions.

94    Frothers
           Substances that, when added to an agitated or aerated
           liquid, will promote the formation and stability of a
           foam or froth.

95    Metal strippers
           Substances used to remove plated metals from a base
           metal (e.g., gold plating from copper).

96    Peptizing agents (colloids)
           Substances that promote colloid dispersion and
           stabilize hydrophobic colloid solutions (e.g.,
           electrolytes that provide ions that are adsorbed on
           the particle surfaces).

97    Decontaminants
           A general  term for substances used to remove or
           destroy hazardous materials or germs.

98    Sizes
           Substances applied to substrates such as fabric, yarn,
           paper products, or plaster to increase abrasive
           resistance, stiffness, strength, smoothness, or reduce
           absorption.

99    Antifogging agents (imaging systems)
           Substances used in image forming systems
           to reduce  the formation of "non-image" density.

100   Electron emission agents
           Substances applied to solids (e.g., electrodes)
           to promote the emission of electrons.
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101   Brazing agents (metals)
           Substances used in the irreversible joining of metals
           by a nonferrous alloy at high temperatures.

102   Delustrants (textile technology)
           Substances used to reduce or eliminate the
           gloss or sheen on textile fibers, yarns, and fabrics.

103   Initiators (chemical technology)
           Substances that cause chemical reactions to start and
           are themselves chemically changed (e.g., organic
           peroxides used in polymerization reactions).

104   Abherents
           A general term for substances that reduce or prevent
           adhesion between two surfaces.

105   Abrasives
           A general term for substances used for grinding,
           cleaning, cutting, polishing, or wearing down the
           surfaces of a solid substance.

106   Protective agents (textile processing)
           Substances used to protect wool and silk during wet
           processing.

107   Deionizers
           Substances used to purify water by removal of both
           anions and cations.

108   Biocides
           A general term for substances used to destroy or
           control unwanted microorganisms such as fungi,
           bacteria, and algae.

109   Surfactants
           A general term for substances used to lower the
           surface and/or interfacial tension of liquids and
           promote cleaning,  wetting, dispersion, etc.

110   Adhesion promoters
           Substances used to modify che properties of surfaces
           to improve their bonding characteristics.

Ill   Pore forming agents
           Organic substances added to a pasty mass of inorganic
           substances that, upon combustion, will leave a porous
           structure.
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112   Fixing agents (textile technology)
           Substances that react with a dye on a fiber to
           improve fastness (e.g., diazonium compounds used
           for aftertreatment of direct dyeings).

113   Chain terminators (polymer technology)
           Substances that react with the end of a growing
           polymer chain, stopping growth.

114   Coagulants
           Substances that induce the aggregation of semisolid
           particles into coherent clots, curds, or masses (e.g.,
           precipitation of casein from milk).

115   Monomers (polymer technology)
           Simple, low molecular weight substances possessing a
           structure that is capable of reacting with itself or with
           other reactive chemicals to form a polymer.

116   Slime preventatives (paper technology)
           Substances used to control microorganisms occurring in
           pulpwood.

117   Fulling agents (textile technology)
           Substances used to promote the compacting or shrinking
           of woolens in the fulling process.

118   Preservatives
           A general term for substances used to protect products
           from degradation by decay, discoloration, spoilage,
           insect attack, oxidation, etc.

119   Antiseize agents (lubricants)
           Substances added to lubricants to inhibit seizing of a
           metal part as it moves against a metal surface.

120   Antilivering agents (surface coatings)
           Substances that inhibit the solidification of paints,
           lacquers, and varnishes during aging.

121   Polymerization additives
           A general category for chemicals used to effect or to
           control polymerization processes.

122   Chelating agents
           Substances that combine by coordinate bonding with a
           central atom (usually metal) to form one or more
           cyclic structures.
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123   Coupling agents (polymers)
           Substances that strengthen the bond between the
           reinforcement and the resin matrix of a composite
           material.

124   Complexing agents
           A general term for substances that combine with other
           chemicals, usually reversibly and by coordinate
           bonding, to form complex compositions (e.g.,
           coordination compounds, inclusion complexes, and
           double salts).

125   Pigments
           Substances, usually insoluble and finely dispersed,
           most commonly used for optical effects (e.g.,
           coloring, whitening, opacifying).

126   Slime control agents (ore processing)
           Substances used in ore flotation to prevent small
           particles of the desired mineral ("fines") from
           adhering to the bulk gangue (or waste) material.

127   Swelling agents
           Substances added to a material that cause it to
           increase in volume and become softer (e.g., a low
           molecular weight liquid absorbed by rubber).

128   Opacifiers
           Substances used in products to make them
           nontransparent; they may also enhance luster, control
           texture, stabilize color,  or promote craze resistance.

129   Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology)
           Substances added to polymeric materials (e.g.,  rubber,
           polyurethane, fibers) to prevent breakdown of the
           polymeric chain by hydrolysis.

130   Coating agents
           Substances that form a continuous film over a substrate,

131   Absorbents
           Substances that assimilate a gas or liquid by various
           means, such as capillary,  osmotic,  solvent, or chemical
           reaction.

132   Bleaching agents
           Substances that whiten or decolorize materials  by
           oxidation or reduction.
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 133   Chemical blowing  agents  (polymer  technology)
            Substances that  decompose  when  heated,  evolving  a gas
            that  forms a foam or  cellular structure  (e.g.,  in a
            plastic  or rubber mass).

 134   Fixing agents  (fragrances)
            Substances that  reduce  the volatility  of  fragrances in
            perfumes.

 135   Viscosity  adjusters
            Substances that, when added  to  another substance or
            mixture,  will modify  its flow characteristics.

 136   Retarders  (chemical processes)
            Substances that  reduce  the rate at  which  a  chemical
            reaction  takes place  (e.g.,  additives  for rubber stock
            to prevent premature  cure).

 137   Dehairing  agents  (leather  technology)
            Substances used  to  remove  hair,  epidermis,  and  certain
            soluble  proteins from hides.

•138   Sweeteners  (petroleum technology)
            Substances used  in  natural gas  processing or  petroleum
            refinery  processes  to remove sulfide-containing
            chemicals and to improve the odor of  the  product.

 139   Pearlizing  agents
            Substances that  impart  a shiny,  opalescent  appearance
            to materials such as  plastics and paints.

 140   Disinfectants
            Substances used  nonmedicinally  to destroy or  inhibit
            microorganisms.

 141   Chain transfer agents (polymer  technology)
            Substances that  terminate  the growth  of a molecular
            chain and form a new  radical that can  act as  the
            initiator for a  new chain.

 142   Fluid loss  additives  (petroleum production)
            Substances,  often a component of drilling muds  or
            fluids,  that prevent  loss  of fluid  into the rock
            formation during petroleum drilling.

 143   Binders
            Cohesive  substances (such  as resins or cements)  used
            to hold  particulate or  fibrous  materials  together or
            to provide adhesion of  such  materials  to  a  surface.
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144   Parting agents (molding)
           Substances, usually applied to a mold, that reduce
           adhesion between the mold and the molded piece,
           facilitating its removal from the mold.

145   Food additives
           A general term for substances added to foods to
           improve potability, nutrition, preservation, or
           convenience.

146   Inorganic intermediates
           Inorganic chemicals that are formed and can be
           isolated at an intermediate step between starting
           material and the final product in a sequence of
           chemical processes.

147   Water softeners
           A general term for substances that remove or
           inactivate water hardness minerals, principally
           calcium and magnesium.

148   Internal lubricating agents
           Substances added to polymers prior to processing to
           reduce friction, improve flow characteristics, or
           improve wetting properties.

149   Oxidizers
           Substances that give up oxygen easily, remove hydrogen
           from other compounds,  or accept electrons in chemical
           reactions.

150   Dye carriers
           Substances that increase dye penetration into textile
           products during processing.

151   Precipitating agents
           Substances that cause  solids to settle from solution
           or suspension,  usually by chemical action.

152   Antiflooding agents  (surface coatings)
           Substances that prevent the concentration of pigments
           at the surface  of a paint film.

153   Refining agents (non-petroleum)
           A general term  for substances used to remove
           impurities during purification processes.

154   Resists (imaging systems)
           Substances applied as  a protective layer to selected
           areas of a surface to  retard or prevent printing,
           dyeing, or etching of  those areas of the surface.
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155   Insect attractants
           Substances that are used to attract insects.

156   Leather processing agents
           A general term for substances used in the conversion
           of skins to leather or in posttanning treatments of
           leather.

157   Enzymes
           Proteins that accelerate or catalyze the chemical
           processes converting substrate to product(e.g.,
           enzymes that convert starch to ethyl alcohol).

158   Explosives
           Substances or mixtures that are characterized by
           chemical stability but that may be made to undergo
           rapid chemical change without an outside source of
           oxygen, rapidly producing a large quantity of energy
           accompanied by bursting or expansion.

159   Emulsifiers
           Substances that promote the formation and stability of
           a suspension of fine particles of a liquid in another
           liquid.

160   Antisagging agents (surface coatings)
           Substances added to paints and coatings to prevent the
           downward movement of a paint film between application
           and setting.

161   Electrical conductive agents
           Substances that will conduct electricity.

162   Insulating materials
           A general term for substances that poorly conduct
           various forms of energy (e.g., heat, electricity),
           thereby acting as a barrier to its transmission.

163   Activators (ore processing)
           Substances added to minerals that have been depressed
           in a flotation step to increase their susceptibility
           to subsequent flotation.

164   Carriers (chemical processing)
           Substances (e.g., an inert gas diluent) that carry
           another material through a chemical reaction.

165   Stickers
           Substances that enable applied substances, such as
           pesticides, to stick or remain on plant surfaces.
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166   Animal repellents
           Substances that drive animals away from the area of
           application.

167   Cosmetic ingredients
           A general term for substances used as components in
           cosmetic and toiletry formulations.

168   Antiozonants
           Substances used to retard or prevent deterioration
           caused by ozone.

169   Plating agents
           Substances used as the source for a layer of metal
           deposited on another surface, or that aid in such
           deposition.

170   Catalysts
           Substances that alter the rate of a chemical reaction
           but are in their original state at the completion of
           the reaction.

171   Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)
           Substances used to aid the removal of natural fats and
           other impurities from cotton or flax materials.

172   Laundry sours
           Substances used in laundry or textile operations to
           neutralize residual alkalinity or decompose residual
           hypochlorite.

173   Detergents
           Surfactants other than soap used as cleaning agents or
           as components of formulated cleaning products.

174   Coupling agents (dyes)
           Substances that react with chemicals, such as diazo
           compounds, to produce dyes.

175   Wet strength additives (paper technology)
           Substances used to increase the strength of wet paper
           and paperboard products.

176   Plastics additives
           A general term for substances added to protect
           plastics or to modify their properties for processing
           or use.
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177   Antiprecipitants
           Substances used to prevent precipitation of inorganic
           ions or compounds by inhibiting crystal formation,
           dispersing finely divided particulate matter, or
           combining with them by forming complexes.

178   Aerosol propellents
           Compressed or liquified gases within which substances
           are dissolved or suspended and expelled from a
           container upon discharge of the internal pressure
           through the valve of the container and expansion of
           the gas.

179   Detonators
           Substances that initiate explosives and are activated
           by such means as flame, spark, or friction (e.g.,
           explosives in blasting caps).

180   Boil-off assistants (textile technology)
           Substances that aid in removing soil, which results from
           processing, from textile products during scouring or
           boiling.

181   Impact modifiers (polymer technology)
           Substances added to polymeric materials to increase
           their resistance to impact.

182   Developers (image formation)
           Substances used to make visible an exposed, latent
           photographic image.

183   Deposit modifiers (fuels)
           Substances that change the amount or character of
           deposits in combustion chambers.

184   Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives
           Granular substances that may be attached to
           substrates such as cloth, paper, plastics, wood, and
           iron, bonded into a three-dimensional object or
           applied in a loose, granular, or powdered form to
           grind, clean, polish, or wear down metal, glass, wood,
           plastics, stone, or other materials.

185   Plasticizers (polymer technology)
           Substances that impart flexibility or workability to a
           polymer.

186   Encapsulating agents
           Substances used to surround or encase solid or liquid
           matter to isolate it.
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187   Rubber for shaping
           Elastomeric substances capable of being shaped by a
           forming process such as molding, dipping, or casting.

188   Anticaking agents
           Substances that prevent granular or particulate
           materials from sticking or caking during transfer,
           storage, or use.

189   Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)
           Substances added to textiles to improve their
           resistance to abrasion.

190   Flocculating agents
           Substances that induce the aggregation of suspended
           solid particles into small clumps or tufts (e.g.,
           aggregation of ore particles during flotation
           processes).

191   pH indicators
           Substances used for visual detection of acidity or
           basicity of solutions.

192   Hormones
           Substances produced in animals or plants that
           regulate the activity of certain organs or control
           processes in other parts of the plant.

193   Greaseproofing agents
           Oil repellent substances applied to a substrate (e.g.,
           paper) to prevent penetration of the surface by oil or
           grease.

194   Antiwebbing agents (latex technology)
           Substances added to latex formulations used for
           dipping operations that prevent the formation of thin
           free-standing sheets when the form is removed from the
           latex.

195   Lubricant additives
           A general term for substances added to lubricants to
           improve their properties, such as stability,
           lubricity, or detergency.

196   Activators (luminescence)
           Substances,  added as impurities to phosphors, that
           cause or enhance absorption of electromagnetic
           radiation, resulting in emission at a longer wave
           length, usually visible.
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197   Oil repellents
           Substances applied to substrates such as
           textiles to prevent oil wetting.

198   Desensitizers (explosives)
           Substances that reduce the sensitivity of an
           explosive to heat or impact.

199   Heat transfer agents
           A general term for substances used to transmit heat to
           or remove heat from another material, either directly
           or indirectly.

200   Denaturants
           Substances used to deprive substances of their natural
           properties (e.g., to render ethyl alcohol unfit for
           human consumption or to modify properties of
           proteins).

201   Rubber reclaiming agents
           A general term for substances used to prepare rubber
           for reuse.

202   Semiconductors (electronics technology)
           Substances having resistivities that are between those of
           insulators and metals, and are usually changeable by
           light, heat or electrical or magnetic field.

203   Phosphorescent agents
           Substances that continue to emit light after removal
           of a visible light or other exciting source.

204   Ablatives
           Substances that are applied to a substrate (e.g.,
           metal) to protect it from heat by dissipating the heat
           through the process of erosion, melting, or
           vaporization of the material.

205   Dewatering aids
           Substances used (e.g., in mining) that reduce the
           moisture content of filter cake.

206   Antistaining agents
           Substances used in a manufacturing or processing step
           to impart stain resistance to or eliminate staining of
           the finished product.

207   Fiber-forming compounds
           Substances that are capable of being spun or extruded
           to make a fiber (e.g., polyester resins, glass).
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208   Refrigerants
           Substances that are used for chilling or maintaining  a
           low temperature, usually by evaporation in  a  closed
           loop, requiring compression for  liquefaction.

209   Polymerization inhibitors
           Substances that stop or retard polymerization.

210   Hydrotropic agents
           Substances used in aqueous media to increase  the
           solubility of sparingly soluble  substances  (e.g.,
           surfactants).

211   Dye retention aids
           Substances added to a dye bath to ensure that the dye
           is retained on the fabric.

212   Fillers (patching)
           Substances used to fill holes or indentations in wood,
           plaster, roads, or other surfaces, usually  before
           applying a coating such as paint or varnish.

213   Dehumidifiers
           Substances used to remove water vapor from  gases such
           as air, (e.g., by absorption or hydrate formation).

214   Acidulants (foods and beverages)
           Acids used in foods or beverages to impart  or enhance
           taste, prevent browning, aid in controlling
           microorganisms, etc.

215   Culture nutrients
           Substances that provide food or energy for  the
           cultured growth of microorganisms.

216   Quenchers (metallurgy)
           Substances used for the rapid cooling of steel from
           elevated temperatures, generally by immersion in a
           liquid.

217   Pickling inhibitors (metal treating)
           Substances added to materials used as acid  pickling
           agents to retard or prevent the chemical action of the
           acid on the base metal.

218   Antipilling agents (textile technology)
           Substances added to textiles during processing or
           finishing that reduce the tendency of the fibers
           to "ball up" (pill).

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219   Refractive index modifiers
           Substances used to change the refractive index of
           other materials.

220   Bright dips (metal treating)
           Substances in which metals are immersed and may be
           anodized to produce a bright clean surface by making use
           of the solution potential of the metal surface in a
           liquid bath (usually for brightening aluminum, brass, or
           stainless steel surfaces).

221   Gelling agents
           Substances that cause liquids to setup into jelly-like
           semisolids.

222   Carbonizing agents (textile technology)
           Substances that promote the destruction of cellulosic
           materials during the processing of wool.

223   Repulping aids (paper technology)
           Substances that facilitate the mechanical disintegration
           of reclaimed paper to form a pulp.

224   Plastics for shaping
           Polymeric substances that can be shaped by a forming
           process, such as molding, extruding, or drawing.

225   Toners (coloring)
           Organic pigments that have no inorganic base and are
           used normally in an organic vehicle.

226   Curing agents (concrete)
           Substances used to control the rate of cure of mortar
           or concrete.

227   Mordants (textile technology)
           Substances, usually a metallic salt or an acid, that
           fix a dye in or on a substance (e.g., a textile fiber)
           by combining with the dye to form an insoluble
           component.

228   Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)
           Substances that promote or regulate the formation of
           structural links between polymer chains or between
           polymer molecules and other substances.

229   Degreasers
           Substances used to remove grease, usually by
           solvent action or emulsification.
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230   Antioxidants
           Substances that check or  retard  reactions  caused  by
           oxygen or peroxides.

231   Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)
           Substances used to soften rubber during a  reclaiming
           process by reducing the degree of crosslinking.

232   Demulsifiers
           Substances used to destroy (break) an emulsion or
           to prevent its formation.

233   Dusting agents (rubber technology)
           Substances that are dusted on the surface  of rubber
           objects to reduce their surface tack.

234   Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)
           Substances used to prevent the condensation of small
           droplets of moisture on glass or other material, by
           lowering the surface tension and causing the water
           to spread in a continuous phase.

235   Mercerizing assistants (textile technology)
           Substances used in the treatment of cellulosic yarns
           or fabrics with alkali for improving luster and dye
           receptivity.

236   Deasphalting agents
           Substances used to remove traces of asphalt from
           petroleum streams during  petroleum processing.

237   Obscuring agents (chemical smokes)
           Substances that form a smoke screen and restrict
           visibility upon dispersal.

238   Analytical and product testing agents
           Substances used in the analysis or quality control
           testing of materials (e.g., chemicals, metals, and
           biological materials).

239   Activators (enzymes)
           Substances added to stimulate the production of
           enzymes from proenzymes (e.g., amylase from barley).

240   Turbulence suppressors
           Substances that reduce friction head losses (i.e.,
           drag) in fluids in motion and between a fluid and a
           conduit surface.
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241   Refractories
           Substances, usually nonmetallic, that can withstand
           the high temperatures or action of corrosive solids,
           liquids, or gases at high temperatures.

242   Cleaners
           A general term for substances that remove soil or
           impurities from a surface.

243   Wetting agents
           Surfactants that, when added to water, cause it to
           penetrate more easily into, or to spread over the
           surface of, another material by reducing the surface
           tension of water.

244   Reducers (chemical technology)
           Substances that remove oxygen,  that hydrogenate, or, in
           general, that act as electron donors in a chemical
           reaction.

245   Electrolytes
           Substances that can provide ionic conductivity
           when fused or in solution.

246   Humidity indicators
          .Substances that undergo changes in observable
           properties to indicate changes in water vapor pressure
           (humidity).

247   Fuels
           Substances that evolve energy in a. controlled
           combustion reaction.

248   Lakes (coloring)
           Insoluble colorants produced by the reaction of a dye
           with a mordant (metallic compound).

249   Penetrants
           Substances used to increase the speed and ease of
           permeation of a solid by a liquid.

250   Reinforcing agents
           Substances (usually inert, fibrous materials) used to
           improve physical properties, such as tensile strength,
           hardness, abrasion resistance, and tear resistance of
           materials such as rubber and plastics.

251   Plant growth regulators
           Substances, not indigenous to plants, that control
           the rate of growth or maturation of plants, especially
           fruits and vegetables.
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252   Nematocides
           Substances that destroy or control nematodes and are
           usually applied to the soil.

253   Pesticides
           A general term for substances used to kill or control
           pests, such as insects, weeds, plant pathogens,
           rodents, etc.

254   Acoustical insulating materials
           Substances that conduct sound poorly, thus impeding
           the transmission and reflection of sound.

255   Dye leveling agents
           Substances used to promote the even dyeing of textiles
           or paper.

256   Transmission fluids
           Noncorrosive fluids used as a fluid coupling to
           transmit power between an engine or motor drive and
           driven equipment.

257   Vat printing assistants (textile technology)
           Substances used to carry the dye in vat dye printing
           of fabrics.

258   Water repellents
           Substances used to treat various substrates (e.g.,
           textiles, leather or paper) to make them resistant to
           wetting by water.

259   Dispersants
           Substances added to a suspending medium to promote and
           stabilize the uniform dispersion of extremely fine
           solid particles, often of colloidal size.

260   Cloud point depressants
           Substances that depress the temperature at which
           solids begin to separate from a liquid, such as
           paraffin wax separating from a solution of petroleum
           oil.

261   Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)
           Substances added to textiles to reduce contraction
           resulting from washing or laundering.

262   Pour point depressants (lubricants)
           Substances, added to lubricating oils,  that reduce the
           temperature at which the oils will flow.
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263   Scrooping agents (textile technology)
           Substances that impart a stiff or harsh feel to
           textiles, particularly silk.

264   Rodenticides
           Substances used to kill rodents.

265   Emollients
           Substances used to make skin soft or supple (e.g.,
           in hand soaps).

266   pH control agents
           Substances used to change or maintain acidity or
           basicity.

267   Dyes
           Substances, usually soluble or dispersible, that add a
           color to materials by impregnation of or by absorption
           into the material.

268   Barrier coating agents
           Substances that, when applied to a permeable surface,
           prevent the migration of materials.

269   Bates (leather technology)
           Substances used in the leather industry to remove
           dehairing chemicals from skins and to make them
           flaccid prior to tanning.

270   Fumigants
           Substances used in the gaseous phase to inhibit or
           kill destructive organisms in harvested crops, food
           products, and other materials, process and
           transportation equipment, structures, and soil.

271   Solvents
           Substances capable of dissolving another substance
           (solute) to form a uniformly dispersed mixture
           (solution) at the molecular or ionic level.

272   Thickeners
           Substances that fona a solid or semisolid
           dispersion of a fluid lubricant or increase the
           viscosity of paints, coatings, etc.

273   Wax strippers
           Substances used to remove wax from surfaces (e.g.,
           floor polish or wax from linoleum).
                                 27

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274   Scouring agents (textile  technology)
           Substances used  to remove  the natural  oils  and  fats
           and other impurities from  raw wool or  wool  fabrics,  to
           remove lubricants, sizes or  tints from textile
           products, or to  clean fabrics before dyeing.

275   Herbicides
           Substances used  to control or destroy  unwanted
           vegetation such  as weeds, grasses, or  woody plants.

276   Rust inhibitors
           Substances used  to prevent the formation of iron
           oxides on ferrous metals and alloys.

277   Anticracking agents (rubber technology)
           Substances added to  rubber to prevent  cracking  (e.g.,
           sun checking) of the finished product.

278   Coalescents
           Substances that  induce the union of small droplets of
           a liquid to form larger unit liquid volumes.

279   Textile specialties
           A general term for substances used in  the processing
           of natural and synthetic fibers, yarns, and fabrics
           (e.g., in their  formation, bleaching,  dyeing,
           finishing, decoration and modification).

280   Tackifiers
           Substances applied to a surface or added to a compound
           to increase the  tack of a deposited adhesive film.

281   Builders (soap and detergent technology)
           A general term for substances used with soap or other
           surfactants to upgrade or protect cleaning efficiency.

282   Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)
           Substances added to plastic formulations to prevent
           softening or an  increase in flexibility of  the plastic.

283   Collectors (ore processing)
           Substances that adsorb on the surface  of mineral
           particles to provide a water repellent film that
           improves adherence of the mineral to air bubbles.

284   Finishing agents (textile technology)
           A general term for substances used to  impart specific
           properties to textiles.
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285   Light stabilizers
           Substances that inhibit the degradation by light of
           materials such as dyes and polymers.

286   Intensifiers (photography)
           Substances used in photography to increase the density
           of an image in a film plate or paper.

287   Algicides
           Substances used to destroy or control algae.

288   Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)
           Substances used in the vulcanization of rubber to
           convert rubber hydrocarbon from a thermoplastic to a
           thermoset.

289   Metal conditioners
           Substances used to prepare metal surfaces for coating,
           electroplating, or passivating a chemically active
           metal surface.

290   Organic intermediates
           Organic chemicals that are formed and can be isolated
           at an intermediate step between starting material and
           the final product in a sequence of chemical processes.

291   Anticrock agents (dye technology)
           Substances that prevent the color from rubbing off
           textiles.

292   Desizing agents
           Substances used to assist in removal of sizes (e.g.,
           removal of starch from textiles).

293   Antiredeposition agents
           Substances used in laundry and drycleaning products to
           prevent redeposition of soil.

294   Soil release agents
           Substances applied to textiles to promote the removal
           of dirt.

295   Fixatives (photography)
           Substances that remove unexposed radiation-sensitive
           salts from developed photographic film and paper.

296   Retention aids (paper technology)
           Substances used to improve the retention of fillers
           and fibers in the manufacture of paper products.
                                29

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297   Flotation agents (ore processing)
           A general  term for substances  used  in  the
           concentration of ores by flotation  processess.

298   Clarifiers
           A general  term for substances  that  remove  turbidity
           from solutions by modes other  than  filtration.

299   Desensitizers (photography)
           Substances used in the manufacture  of  a photographic
           emulsion that reduce its sensitivity to light or other
           radiation.

300   Detackifiers
           Substances that remove or reduce the adhesive
           properties of materials.

301   Antiperspirants
           Substances used to inhibit secretion of sweat.

302   Adhesives
           Substances used, commonly in thin layers,  for bonding
           one surface to another.

303   Sensitizers (photochemistry)
           Substances that absorb electromagnetic radiation
           (e.g. , visible light) and transfer  energy  to other
           materials, making them susceptible  to  chemical change
           (e.g., activation of photographic emulsions).

304   Bleaching assistants
           Substances used in a bleach bath to promote
           penetration by the bleach and improve  bleaching
           action.

305   Soil conditioners
           Substances added to topsoil to promote growth by
           changing characteristics such as soil  structure, pH,
           drainage, or anion exchange capacity.

306   Fuel additives
           A general term for substances added to fuels to enhance
           their combustion properties,  stability, etc.

307   Dye retardants
           Substances added to a dye bath to slow the rate of
           dyeing and to prevent rapid exhaustion of  the dye.
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308   Entraining agents
           Additives that form an azeotrope with one component of
           a liquid mixture to aid in otherwise difficult
           separations by distillation.

309   Deblooming agents
           Substances added to a material, especially petroleum
           products, to reduce or eliminate fluorescence of  the
           material.

310   Weighting agents (petroleum technology)
           Substances that possess high specific gravities and
           are used to control pressures during petroleum
           drilling.

311   Electrical insulating materials
           Substances that conduct electrical energy poorly, thus
           acting as a barrier to electrical conduction.

312   Slip agents (plastic technology)
           Substances added to plastics that exude to the
           surface and act as lubricants, thus improving slip
           characteristics.

313   Functional fluids
           A general term for liquids or gases used for one  or
           more operational properties (such as heat transfer,
           dielectric, hydraulic, lubricant, etc.).

314   Heat insulating materials
           Substances that conduct heat poorly, thus acting  as a
           barrier to heat conduction.

315   Crabbing assistants (textile technology)
           Substances that assist in the textile finishing
           process that sets warp and weft threads.

316   Tanning agents (leather technology)
           Substances used to treat hides and skins to preserve
           them and to raise the shrink temperature.

317   Driers
           Substances that accelerate or control the drying  or
           hardening of formulations such as paints, varnishes,
           lacquers, inks, or sealants.

318   Humectants
           Hygroscopic substances (e.g., glycerol) used to
           maintain a desired moisture level in a material.
                                31

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319   Etching agents
           Substances used to solubilize, and  thus  remove,  the
           surface layer of a material, usually  unprotected  or
           reactive areas of metal or glass  (e.g.,  as used  in
           metallography, or in manufacture  of printing  plates
           or printed circuits).

320   Paint and varnish removers
           Substances used to remove paints  or varnishes from
           surfaces.

321   Accelerators
           Substances that increase the rate of  a chemical
           reaction, usually acting in conjunction with  a
           catalyst or curing agent.

322   Dry strength additives (paper technology)
           Substances used to improve the strength of paper
           products.

323   Corrosion inhibitors
           Substances used to prevent or retard  the gradual
           destruction of a metal or alloy because of reaction
           with its environment (such as oxidation,
           electrolysis, solvent action, or  reaction with other
           chemical agents).

324   Case-hardening agents (metal treating)
           Substances used in the manufacture of steel to produce
           a case-hardened surface by absorbing  carbon or
           nitrogen into the alloy (e.g. , from a molten  bath
           (cyaniding) or in contact with ammonia (gas
           nitriding)).

325   Oxidation-reduction indicators
           Substances used for visual detection  of the degree of
           oxidation or reduction in chemical reactions.

326   Solubilizing agents
           Substances that promote the dissolution of sparingly
           soluble substances in a solvent.

327   Milling aids
           Substances used to assist in reducing materials to
           fine particulate matter during grinding.

328   Antistatic agents
           Substances used with textiles, plastics, elastomers or
           other materials to reduce the tendency to accumulate
           electrostatic charges either by being inherently
           conductive or by absorbing moisture from air.
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329   Antifouling agents (petroleum products)
           Substances added to petroleum products to prevent the
           formation of sludge deposits.

330   Insecticides
           Substances used to control insect life harmful to man.

331   Fuel oxidizers
           Substances that provide the oxygen necessary for the
           combustion of fuel when oxygen is not normally present
           (e.g., in the propulsion systems of space vehicles) or
           that are used to ensure complete combustion of fuel
           to prevent smoke formation.  '

332   Flame retardants
           Substances incorporated into or applied to the surface
           of materials to slow down or to prevent combustion.

333   Bactericides
           Substances used to destroy bacteria.

334   Thixotropic agents
           Substances that form a colloidal system that exhibits
           a reversible reduction in viscosity upon mechanical
           working and that may be used, for example, to prevent
           running of paints.

335   Coupling agents (solutions)
           Substances that facilitate the solution of partially
           soluble solutes in solvents.

336   Evaporation control agents
           Substances added to a liquid to reduce evaporation at
           the liquid surface.

337   Formation aids (paper technology)
           Substances added to paper pulp stock to promote the
           uniform formation of paper on the Fourdrinier machine.

338   Rubber compounding agents
           A general term for substances added to rubber and
           other elastomeric materials to facilitate processing,
           enhance their properties, or inhibit deterioration.

339   Odorants
           Substances used to impart an odor or to mask an
           unwanted odor.
                                33

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340   Eluting agents
           Substances used  to desorb material  from  an  adsorbent
           (e.g., removal of minerals  from  ion exchange  agents).

341   Enzyme inhibitors
           Substances that  inhibit  the catalytic activity  of
           enzymes.

342   Defoamers
           Substances used  to reduce or eliminate frothing or
           foaming in a treatment or process.

343   Antiskinning agents
           Substances added to a liquid to  prevent  or  retard
           oxidation or polymerization that re'sults in the
           formation of a "skin" on the liquid's surface,  either
           during storage in a container or on exposure  to air.

344   Photosensitive agents
           A general term for substances that  absorb
           electromagnetic  radiation (e.g., visible light),
           resulting in emission of light,  dissociation,
           discoloration, or other chemical reaction, or in energy
           transfer.

345   Tarnish inhibitors
           Substances that  prevent or retard the discoloration of
           a metal surface  due to the formation of  a thin  film of
           oxide, sulfide,  etc.

346   Oiliness agents
           Substances that  retard the gumming  of vegetable oils
           while promoting  lubrication.

347   Antistripping agents  (asphalt)
           Additives used in asphaltic binders  to prevent  the
           separation of binder from aggregate.

348   Insect repellents
           Substances that drive away insects  from  the point of
           application.

349   Water-reducing agents (concrete technology)
           Substances added to concrete mixtures to allow a
           reduction in water-cement ratio at  a given workability.

350   Antiskid agents
           Substances incorporated into or applied  to the surface
           of a substrate to prevent slippage  (e.g., by
           increasing surface roughage).
                                 34

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351   Fillers (augmentation)
           Relatively inert and normally nonfibrous, finely
           divided substances added to elastomers, plastics,
           paints, ceramics, etc., usually to extend volume and
           reduce costs but which may improve desired properties,
           such as whiteness, lubricity, density, or tensile
           strength (moderately).

352   Antislip finishing agents (textile technology)
           Substances applied to textile fibers or yarns
           to prevent slippage during weaving.

353   Brighteners (electroplating)
           Substances added to an electroplating bath to yield a
           smoother, brighter, electroplated surface.

354   Aerating agents
           Substances that facilitate the impregnation or
           saturation of a substance (usually a liquid) with air
           or other gases.

355   Concrete additives
           A general term for substances added to concrete
           mixtures to improve processing characteristics or
           final properties.

356   Discharge printing agents (textile technology)
           Substances capable of destroying a dye or mordant in a
           fabric to produce a colorless image upon a colored
           background.

357   Coalescing agents (surface coatings)
           Substances added to paints and coatings to promote
           film formation by temporary plasticization or
           softening of the vehicle.

358   Blowing agents (polymer technology)
           A general term for substances added to other materials
           to produce a foam or a cellular structure by the
           evolution or the expansion of gases.

359   Intensifiers (printing)
           Substances used in printing to increase the density of
           the tone, color, or image.

360   Modifiers (ore processing)
           A general term for substances that enhance the
           separation of minerals by causing the particle to
           accept or reject the collector during ore flotation.
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361   Embrittlement inhibitors
           Substances that prevent or  inhibit  the  loss  of
           ductility of a metal.

362   Fungicides
           Substances used to control  or destroy fungi.

363   Explosion inhibitors
           Substances used to reduce the explosion potential of
           flammable materials.

364   Lubricating agents
           Substances that reduce the  friction developed (and  the
           wear) between adjacent solid surfaces, at least one of
           which is in motion, such as the moving parts of a
           machine or piece of equipment, promote the flow of  dry
           materials, as in making plastics, or prevent
           build-up in grooved compactors.

365   Degumming agents (textile technology)
           Substances used to dissolve and remove gum-like
           substances from natural fibers, (e.g., sericin, a
           glue-like substance, from silk).

366   De-inkers (paper technology)
           Substances used to remove inks, coloring materials,
           and fillers from paper.

367   Depressants (ore processing)
           Substances that assist in the separation of minerals
           when the floatabilities of  the minerals to be
           separated are quite similar for any given promoter.

368   Filtration aids
           Substances used to prevent  clogging of filters by
           removing particles that would otherwise not pass
           through the filter.

369   Curing agents (polymer technology)
           Substances used to change the properties of polymers,
           especially thermosetting plastics or elastomers,
           usually by increasing the molecular weight (e.g., by
           crosslinking, condensation,  or addition).

370   Liquid crystals
           Organic compounds that exist in a transition state
           between solid and liquid forms and with physical
           properties (e.g., phase transition in a narrow
           temperature range) that are often utilized for display
           purposes.
                                36

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371   Surface coating additives
           A general term for substances added to protective or
           surface coatings such as paints, lacquers, and varnishes,
           to aid in the compounding or to improve the qualities of
           the coating (e.g., spreadability, drying, mar resistance,
           color).

372   Embalming agents
           Substances used for the preservation of dead bodies,
           usually human.

373   Extraction agents
           Substances used to dissolve and facilitate the
           separation of, usually from mixtures, desired
           components or unwanted impurities.

374   Reagents
           A general term for substances used in detection or
           analysis of other substances, or in chemical reactions
           for preparing or modifying other substances.

375   Materials for shaping
           A general term for substances, e.g., metals, waxes or
           glasses, that can be shaped by a forming process such
           as molding, blowing, extruding, rolling, drawing, or
           cutting.

376   Alloying agents
           Substances incorporated into metals, usually by
           fusing, to form intimate mixtures having improved
           properties.

377   X-ray absorbents
           Substances used to block or attenuate X-rays, e.g., for
           shielding or medical diagnosis.

378   Photovoltaic agents
           Substances that generate electromotive force (voltage)
           upon the incidence of radiant energy (e.g., solar cells).

379   Magnetic agents
           Substances used for their magnetic or magnetizable
           properties, e.g., in transformer cores or on magnetic
           tape.

380   Incandescent agents
           Substances that are used to emit light at high
           temperatures; e.g., light bulb filaments.
                               37

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381   Luminescent agents
           A general term for substances that emit visible or
           invisible radiation upon absorption of energy in the
           form of photons, charged particles, or chemical change.

382   Osmotic membranes
           Substances commonly used in thin sections, e.g., sheets
           or hollow fibers, for selective permeation of ions or
           molecules.

383   Electrode materials
           Substances that are used in conductive circuits as
           components (e.g., terminals or plates of batteries,
           electrolytic cells, or arc welding equipment) that
           establish contact with a nonmetallic part of the circuit,
998   Function unknown
           Substances whose function is not known.  The actual
           function may or may not be included in the ChemUSES
           function list.

999   Functions not found
           Substances having a known function for which an
           appropriate term cannot be found by use of the
           function index and list.   Such functions should be
           described in the report narrative section.
                               38

-------
II  INDEX
    39

-------
Abherents   104

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Anticaking agents   188
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Lubricating agents   364
         Parting agents (molding)   144

Ablatives   204

Abrasives   105

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Blasting abrasives   6
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives    184

Absorbents   131

       See also:

         Adsorbents   60
         Dehumidifiers   213
         Dehydrating agents   73
         Deodorants   52
         Humectants   318
         Scavengers   51
         Solvents   271

absorbers, ultraviolet

       See:

         Fluorescent agents   20
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36

acaricides

       See:
         Insecticides   330

Accelerators   321

       See also:

         Catalysts   170
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Driers   317
         Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288

acid cleaning agents

       See:

         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
                                      41

-------
acidifying agencs
       See:
         Acidulants (foods and beverages)   214
         Laundry sours   172
         pH control agents   266
acidity control agents
       See:
         Acidulants (foods and beverages)   214
         pH control agents   266
Acidulants (foods and beverages)   214
       See also:
         pH control agents   266
Acoustical insulating materials   254
Activators (chemical processes)   46
       See also:
         Accelerators   321
         Catalysts   170
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103
         Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288
Activators (enzymes)   239
       See also:
         Catalysts   170
Activators (luminescence)   196
Activators (ore processing)   163
       See also:
         Depressants (ore processing)   367
activators (photochemistry)
       See:
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
Adhesion promoters   110
       See also:
         Adhesives   302
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
         Tackifiers   280
                                     42

-------
Adhesives   302

       See also:
         Adhesion promoters   110
         Binders   143
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
         Sealants   42
         Tackifiers   280

Adsorbents   60
       See also:

         Absorbents   131
         Dehumidifiers   213
         Dehydrating agents   73
         Deionizers   107
         Deodorants   52
         Scavengers   51

adsorption indicators

       See:
         Indicators   [General Term]

Aerating agents   354

       See also:

         Air entraining agents   47
         Frothers   94

Aerosol propellents   178

Air entraining agents   47
       See also:
         Aerating agents   354

air saturation agents

       See:
         Aerating agents   354

alcohol denaturants

       See:

         Denaturants   200

Algicides   287
                                      43

-------
alkalinity control agents
       See:
         pH control agents   266
alligatoring preventive agents
       See:
         Anticratering agents (surface coatings)   90
Alloying agents   376
alloys for shaping
       See:
         Materials for shaping    [General Term]
Analytical and product testing agents   238
       See also:
         Humidity indicators   246
         Indicators   [General Term]
         Oxidation-reduction indicators   325
         Oxidizers   149
         pH indicators   191
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
animal feed supplements
       See:
         Feed additives (animal nutrition)   66
Animal repellents   166
       See also:
         Rodenticides   264
anodes
       See:
         Electrode materials   383
anodizing agents
       See:
         Electrolytes   245
         Metal treating agents    [General Term]
                                      44

-------
Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
       See also:
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Parting agents (molding)   144
Anticaking agents   188
antichecking agents
       See:
         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
antichlors
       See:
         Dechlorinating agents   85
anticoagulants
       See:
         Dispersants   259
         Emulsifiers   159
Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
       See also:
         Antiozonants   168
         Light stabilizers   285
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36
Anticratering agents (surface coatings)   90
Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
       See also:
         Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
         Sizes   98
Anticrock agents (dye technology)   291
       See also:
         Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)   189
antidusting agents
       See:
         Dust control agents   26
                                      45

-------
antienzymes
       See:
         Enzyme inhibitors   341
Antifelting agents (textile technology)   4
Antifloating agents   41
       See also:
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Antisagging agents (surface coatings)   160
         Dispersants   259
antiflocculants
       See:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Antisettling agents   68
         Dispersants   259
Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
       See also:
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antisagging agents (surface coatings)   160
         Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings)   88
         Dispersants   259
antifoaming agents
       See:
         Defoamers   342
Antifogging agents (imaging systems)   99
Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)    234
       See also:
         Coalescents   278
         Fume suppressants (electroplating)    32
Antifouling agents (petroleum products)   329
       See also:
         Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183
Antifouling agents (surface coating technology)   1
       See also:
         Biocides   [General Term]

-------
Antifreezes   77
       See also:
         Deicers  . 74
antifrosting agents
       See:
         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
antifrothing agents
       See:
         Defoamers   342
Antifume agents (textile technology)   12
antigumming agents
       See:
         Oiliness agents   346
Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology)   129
anti-icing agents
       See:
         Deicers   74
Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
Antilivering agents (surface coatings)   120
       See also:
         Antioxidants   230
         Antisettling agents   68
antimatting agents
       See:
         Antifelting agents (textile technology)   4
antimicrobials
       See:
         Bactericides   333
         3iocides   [General Term]
         Disinfectants   140
         Fungicides   362
         Preservatives   [General Term]
         Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116
                                      47

-------
antimigrants

       See:

         Dye leveling agents   255

antimist agents

       See:
         Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)   234
         Fume suppressants (electroplating)   32

Antioxidants   230

       See also:

         Antilivering agent's (surface coatings)   120
         Antiozonants   168
         Antiskinning agents   343
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
         Tarnish inhibitors   345

Antiozonants   168
       See also:

         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
         Antioxidants   230

Antiperspirants   301

       See also:

         Deodorants   52

Antipilling agents (textile technology)   218

       See also:

         Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)   189

Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)   282

       See also:

         Reinforcing agents   250

Antiprecipitants   177

       See also:

         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Antisettling agents   68
         Chelating agents   122
         Cloud point depressants   260
         Dispersants   259
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
         Sequestering agents   10
                                      48

-------
antipreignition agents
       See:
         Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
         Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183
Antiredeposition agents   293
       See also:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Dispersants   259
         Rinse aids   9
antirusting agents
       See:
         Rust inhibitors   276
Antisagging agents (surface coatings)   160
       See also:
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Dispersants   259
         Thickeners   272
         Thixotropic agents   334
Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
       See also:
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
         Rust inhibitors   276
antiscorch agents
       See:
         Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)   21
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136
Antiseize agents (lubricants)   119
       See also:
         Lubricating agents   364
antiseptics
       See:
         Bactericides   333
         Biocides    [General Term]
         Disinfectants    140
                                      49

-------
Antisettling agents   68
       See also:
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Antilivering agents (surface coatings)   120
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Dispersants   259
antishrink agents
       See:
         Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
antisilking agents
       See:
         Antifloating agents   41
Antiskid agents   350
       See also:
         Antislip finishing agents (textile technology)   352
Antiskinning agents   343
       See also:
         Antilivering agents (surface coatings)   120
         Antioxidants   230
antislip agents
       See:
         Antiskid agents   350
Antislip finishing agents (textile technology)   352
       See also:
         Antiskid agents   350
antisoftening agents
       See:
         Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)   282
Antistaining agents   206
       See also:
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Oil repellents   197
         Sizes   98
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Water repellents   258
                                      50

-------
anti-stall agents .
       See:
         Deicers   74
Antistatic agents   328
       See also:
         Softeners   29
antistick agents
       See:
         Abherents   [General Term]
         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Parting agents (molding)   144
Antistripping agents (asphalt)   347
antitack agents
       See:
         Abherents   [General Terra]
         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Parting agents (molding)   144
antiwear agents
       See:
         Fuel additives    [General Term]
         Lubricant additives    [General Term]
Antiwebbing agents (latex  technology)   194
aroma agents
       See:
         Flavors and fragrances    79
asphalt additives
       See:
         Antistripping agents (asphalt)   347
assistants, dyeing
       See:
         Textile specialties    [General Term]
                                       51

-------
assistants, textile
       See:
         Textile specialties    [General Term]
attractants, insect
       See:
         Insect attracuants   155
auxiliaries, textile
       See:
         Textile specialties    [General Term]
azeotropic agents
       See:
         Entraining agents   308
Bactericides   333
       See also:
         Disinfectants   140
         Fumigants   270
         Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116
bacteriological nutrients
       See:
         Culture nutrients   215
Barrier coating agents   268
       See also:
         Coating agents   130
         Sealants   42
Bates (leather technology)   269
       See also:
         Dehairing agents (leather technology)   137
         Softeners   29
beneficiation agents
       See:
         Extraction agents   373
         Flotation agents (ore  processing)    [General Term]
         Ion exchange agents    2
         Leaching agents   53
                                      52

-------
Binders   143
       See also:

         Adhesives   302
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
         Sealants   42
         Tackifiers   280

Biocides   108

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Algicides   287
         Antifouling agents (surface coating technology)    1
         Bactericides   333
         Disinfectants   140
         Fumigants   270
         Fungicides   362
         Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116

       See also:
         Pesticides   [General Term]

biological media
       See:

         Culture nutrients   215

biological stains
       See:

         Stains (microscopy)   83

biological testing agents

       See:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238

biostats
       See:

         Biocides   [General Term]

Blasting abrasives   6
       See also:

         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives   184

blasting agents

       See:
         Explosives   158
                                      53

-------
bleach renovers
       See:
         Dechlorinating agents   85
Bleaching agents   132
       See also:
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
Bleaching assistants   304
Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement)   5
       See also:
         Fluorescent agents   20
Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings)   88
       See also:
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Dispersants   259
Blowing agents (polymer technology)   358
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)   133
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)   50
blowmolding compounds
       See:
         Plastics for shaping   224
Bluing agents   70
       See also:
         Dyes   267
         Fluorescent agents   20
bluing agents (steel)
       See:
         Metal treating agents   [General Term]
Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
       See also:
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
                                      54

-------
bonding agents
       See:
         Adhesives   302
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
bonding promoters
       See:
         Adhesion promoters   110
brake fluids
       See:
         Hydraulic fluids   65
Brazing agents (metals)   101
       See also:
         Fluxing agents   22
Bright dips (metal treating)   220
       See also:
         Brighteners (electroplating)   353
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
Brighteners (electroplating)   353
       See also:
         Plating agents   169
brighteners
       See:
         Fluorescent agents   20
bronzing agents (steel)
       See:
         Metal treating agents    [General Term]
browning agents (steel)
       See:
         Metal treating agents    [General Term]
buffering agents
       See:
         pH control agents   266
                                      55

-------
Builders (soap and detergent technology)   281
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Chelating agents   122
         Deionizers   107
         Ion exchange agents   2
         pH control agents   266
         Precipitating agents   151
         Sequestering agents   10
       See also:
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
burning rate modifiers
       See:
         Retarders (chemical processes)    136
         Accelerators   321
calefactants
       See:
         Heat transfer agents   [General Term]
calendering compounds
       See:
         Materials for shaping   [General Term]
         Plastics for shaping   224
         Rubber for shaping   187
capacitor fluids
       See:
         Electrical insulating materials   311
         Functional fluids   [General Term]
carbonitriding agents
       See:
         Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
Carbonizing agents (textile technology)   222
carburizing agents
       See:
         Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
                                      56

-------
Carriers (chemical processing)   164
       See also:
         Catalyst supports   19
         Dye carriers   150
         Reaction media   16
Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
       See also:
         Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
casting binders (foundry)
       See:
         Binders   143
Catalyst supports   19
Catalysts   170
       See also:
         Accelerators   321
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Activators (enzymes)   239
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Driers   317
         Enzymes   157
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103
cathodes
       See:
         Electrode materials   383
cathodizing agents
       See:
         Electrode materials   383
caulks
       See:
         Sealants   42
cement additives
       See:
         Concrete additives   [General Term]
                                      57

-------
cement curing agents
       See:
         Curing agents (concrete)   226
cetane improvers
       See:
         Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
Chain extenders (polymer technology)   31
Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
       See also:
         Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
       See also:
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
Chelating agents   122
       See also:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Deionizers   107
         Sequestering agents   10
Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)   133
       See also:
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)   50
chemical intermediates
       See:
         Inorganic intermediates   146
         Organic intermediates   290
Chemical raw materials   93
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Inorganic intermediates   146
         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Organic intermediates   290
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43
       See also:
         Reagents   [General Term]
                                     53

-------
chemical smoke agents

       See:

         Obscuring agents (chemical smokes)   237

chemical switch agents

       See:

         Electroconductive coating agents   89
         Semiconductors (electron technology)   202

chlorine removers

       See:

         Dechlorinating agents   85

circuit run inks

       See:

         Electroconductive coating agents   89

Clarifiers   298
       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Adsorbents   60
         Cloud point depressants   260
         Coagulants   114
         Coalescents   278
         Demulsifiers   232
         Filtration aids   368
         Flocculating agents    190
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Precipitating agents   151
         Solubilizing agents    326
         Solvents   271
       See also:
         Refining agents (non-petroleum)    [General Term]

Cleaners   242

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Absorbents   131
         Blasting abrasives   6
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bright dips (metal treating)   220
         Degreasers   229
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
         Detergents   173
         Disinfectants   140
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives    184
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59

            [continued]
                                     59

-------
         Poison gas decontaminants   8
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Rinse aids   9
         Rust removers   11
         Scavengers   51
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
         Solvents   271
         Tar removers   40
         Tarnish removers   13

       See also:
         Decontaminants    [General Term]
         Strippers    [General Term]
cleansing agents

       See:

         Cleaners   [General Term]
         Detergents   173

clotting agents
       See:

         Coagulants   114

Cloud point depressants   260

       See also:

         Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
         Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262

Coagulants   114

       See also:
         Coalescents   278
         Demulsifiers   232
         Flocculating agents   190
         Precipitating agents   151

Coalescents   278

       See also:
         Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)   234
         Coagulants   114
         Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357
         Demulsifiers   232
         Flocculating agents   190

Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357

       See also:

         Coalescents   278
         Coating agents   130
                                      60

-------
Coating agents   130
       See also:
         Barrier coating agents   268
         Binders   143
         Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357
         Electroconductive coating agents   89
         Encapsulating agents   186
         Phosphatizing agents (metals)   55
         Sealants   42
         Waterproofing agents   23
coenzymes
       See:
         Activators (enzymes)   239
cold cleaning agents
       See:
         Degreasers   229
cold flow improvers
       See:
         Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262
         Viscosity index improvers   15
Collectors (ore processing)   283
       See also:
         Depressants (ore processing)   367
colloid stabilizers
       See:
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
color masking agents
       See:
         Bluing agents   70
         Fluorescent agents   20
Coloring agents   86
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Bluing agents   70
         Dyes   267
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Lakes (coloring)   248
       •  Pigments   125
             [continued]
                                      61

-------
         Stains (microscopy)   83
         Toners (coloring)   225
combustion improvers

       See:
         Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
         Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183

combustion modifiers

       See:

         Accelerators   321
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136

Complexing agents   124

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antiprecipitants   177
         Chelating agents   122
         Deionizers   107
         Sequestering agents   10

       See also:
         Builders (soap and detergent technology)   [General Term]
         Water softeners   [General Terra]

Concrete additives   355

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Accelerators   321
         Aerating agents   354
         Air entraining agents   47
         Curing agents (concrete)   226
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136
         Waterproofing agents   23
         Water-reducing agents (concrete technology)   349

concrete curing agents

       See:

         Curing agents (concrete)   226

conditioners, soil

       See:

         Soil conditioners   305

conductive agents

       See:
         Electrical conductive agents    161
         Heat transfer agents   [General Term]
                                      62

-------
conductivity promoters

       See:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Electrical conductive agents   161
conductors

       See:
         Electrical conductive agents   161
         Electrode materials   383
         Electrolytes   245
         Semiconductors (electronics technology)   202

control agents, pH

       See:

         Acidulants (foods and beverages)   214
         pH control agents   266
         pH indicators   191

control agents

       See:
         Indicators    [General Term]

Coolants   72
       See also:

         Antifreezes   77
         Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
         Refrigerants   208

coordinating agents

       See:

         Complexing agents    [General Term]

Corrosion inhibitors   323

       See also:

         Antioxidants   230
         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
         Embrittlement inhibitors   361
         Pickling inhibitors  (metal treating)   217
         Refractories   241
         Rust  inhibitors   276
         Tarnish inhibitors   345
                                      63

-------
Cosmetic ingredients   167

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Aerosol propellents   178
         Antiperspirants   301
         Antisettling agents   68
         Bactericides   333
         Coating agents   130
         Deodorants   52
         Detergents   173
         Disinfectants   140
         Dyes   267
         Emollients   265
         Emulsifiers   159
         Fixing agents (fragrances)   134
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Frothers   94
         Fungicides   362
         Gelling agents   221
         Humectants   318
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Odorants   339
         Opacifiers   128
         Pearlizing agents   139
         Pigments   125
         Softeners   29
         Solvents   271
         Thickeners   272
         Viscosity adjusters   135

       See also:

         Coloring Agents   [General Term]
         Preservatives   [General Term]
         Stabilizers   [General Term]
         Surfactants   [General Term]

cosurfactants

       See:

         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]

Coupling agents (dyes)   174

Coupling agents (polymers)   123

       See also:

         Reinforcing agents   250
                                      64

-------
Coupling agents (solutions)   335
       See also:
         Emulsifiers   159
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Solubilizing agents   326
         Solvents   271
Crabbing assistants (textile technology)   315
crack fillers
       See:
         Sealants   42
crease-resistant finishes
       See:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
       See also:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
         Catalysts   170
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Driers   317
         Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288
crystal distortion agents
       See:
         Antiprecipitants   177
crystallization agents
       See:
         Nucleating agents   24
crystallization inhibitors
       See:
         Antiprecipitants   177
Culture nutrients   215
Curing agents  (concrete)   226
       See also:
         Accelerators   321
                                      65

-------
Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
       See also:
         Accelerators   321
         Catalysts   170
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Driers   317
         Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288
Currying agents (leather technology)   18
cutting agents
       See:
         Blasting abrasives   6
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives   184
cutting fluids
       See:
         Coolants   72
         Functional fluids   [General Terra]
cyaniding agents
       See:
         Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
deactivators, enzyme
       See:
         Enzyme inhibitors   341
deactivators, metal
       See:
         Chelating agents   122
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Sequestering agents   10
Deaerating agents   81
       See also:
         Defoamers   342
         Scavengers   51
Deasphalting agents   236
       See also:
         Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
Deblooming agents   309
                                      66

-------
debonding agents (paper technology)
       See:
         Dispersants   259
decelerators
       See:
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136
Dechlorinating agents   85
       See also:
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
         Scavengers   51
Decontaminants   97
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Bactericides   333
         Deodorants   52
         Disinfectants   140
         Fumigants   270
         Poison gas decontaminants   8
         Radioactivity decontaminants   45
         Scavengers   51
         Solvents   271
       See also:
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Cleaners   [General Term]
dedusting agents
       See:
         Dust control agents   26
deflocculants
       See:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Dispersants   259
Defoamers   342
       See also:
         Deaerating agents   81
         Demulsifiers   232
                                      67

-------
defoliants
       See:
         Herbicides   275
degassing agents
       See:
         Deaerating agents   81
         Scavengers   51
deglossing agents
       See:
         Delustrants (textile technology)   102
         Flatting agents (surface coatings)   56
Degreasers   229
       See also:
         Detergents   173
         Metal conditioners   289
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
         Solvents   271
Degumming agents (textile technology)   365
       See also:
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
Dehairing agents (leather technology)   137
       See also:
         Bates (leather technology)   269
Dehumidifiers   213
       See also:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Dehydrating agents   73
Dehydrating agents   73
       See also:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology)   129
         Dehumidifiers   213
                                       68

-------
dehydrogenation catalysts

       See:

         Catalysts   170

Deicers   74

       See also:

         Antifreezes   77

De-inkers (paper technology)   366

       See also:

         Bleaching agents   132
         Desizing agents   292
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223

Deionizers   107

       See also:

         Adsorbents   60
         Chelating agents   122
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Ion exchange agents   2
         Precipitating agents   151
         Sequestering agents   10

Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84

delustrants (surface coatings)

       See:

         Flatting agents (surface coatings)   56

Delustrants (textile technology)   102

       See also:

         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Opacifiers   128
         Pigments   125
         Sizes   98

demineralizers

       See:

         Deionizers   107
         Ion exchange agents   2
         Water softeners   [General Terra]
                                      69

-------
Demulsifiers   232

       See also:
         Coagulants   114
         Coalescents   278
         Defoamers   342
         Flocculating agents   190
         Precipitating agents   151

Denaturants   200

Deodorants   52

       See also:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Antiperspirants   301
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Odorants   339
         Refining agents (non-petroleum)    [General Terai]
         Sweeteners (petroleum technology)   138

deodorizing agents

       See:

         Bleaching agents   132

deoxygenators
       See:

         Scavengers   51

depitching agents

       See:
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75

Depolymerization agents   30

       See also:

         Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   231
         Polymerization inhibitors   209

Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183

       See also:

         Antifouling agents (petroleum products)   329
         Fuel oxidizers   331
                                      70

-------
Depressants (ore processing)   367
       See also:
         Activators (ore processing)    163
         Collectors (ore processing)    283
Descaling agents (metals)   49
       See also:
         Antiscaling agents (metals)    64
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
Desensitizers (explosives)   198
       See also:
         Explosion inhibitors   363
Desensitizers (photography)   299
       See also:
         Light  stabilizers   285
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
desiccants
       See:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Dehumidifiers   213
         Dehydrating agents   73
Desizing agents   292
       See also:
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
desorbers
       See:
         Eluting agents   340
desulfurizing agents
       See:
         Extraction agents   373
         Refining agents (non-petroleum)   [General Term]
         Sweeteners (petroleum technology)   138
                                     71

-------
Detackifiers   300

       See also:

         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Driers   317
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Lubricating agents   364
         Parting agents (molding)   144

detergent builders
       See:

         Builders (soap and detergent technology)   [General Term]

Detergents   173

       See also:

         Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
         Degreasers   229
         Dispersants   259
         Emulsifiers   159
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
         Penetrants   249
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Rinse aids   9
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
         Soaping-off assistants (textile technology)   14
         Tar removers   40
         Wetting agents   243

detonation inhibitors

       See:
         Explosion inhibitors   363

Detonators   179

       See also:

         Explosives   158

developers (dyes)

       See:

         Fixing agents (textile technology)   112

Developers (image formation)   182

       See also:
         Fixatives (photography)   295
         Intensifiers (photography)   286
                                      72

-------
Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   231
       See also:
         Depolymerization agents   30
Dewatering aids   205
       See also:
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
       See also:
         Deasphalting agents   236
diagnostic testing agents
       See:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238
die lubricants
       See:
         Lubricating agents   364
dielectrics
       See:
         Electrical insulating materials   311
         Semiconductors (electronics technology)   202
dilatant liquids
       See:
         Thixotropic agents   334
diluents
       See:
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Solvents   271
dipping agents (latexes)
       See:
         Latex compounding agents    [General Terra]
Discharge printing agents (textile technology)   356
discharging agents (silk degumming)
       See:
         Degumming agents (textile technology)   365
                                       73

-------
Disinfectants   140

       See also:

         Bactericides   333
         Cleaners    [General Term]
         Detergents   173
         Fungicides   362

disintegrating agents

       See:


         Milling aids   327

Dispersants   259

       See also:
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Antisagging agents (surface coatings)   160
        "Antisettling agents   68
         Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings)   88
         Detergents   173
         Dye leveling agents   255
         Emulsifiers   159
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75
         Rinse aids   9
         Wetting agents   243

doctor sweetening agents

       See:
         Sweeteners  (petroleum technology)   138

dog repellents

       See:

         Animal repellents   166

dope sizes

       See:

         Sizes   98

Drainage aids (paper technology)   38

       See also:

         Dewatering aids   205
         Flocculating agents   190

            [continued]
                                      74

-------
         Formation aids (paper technology)   337
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296

drawing compounds

       See:
         Lubricating agents   364

dressing sizes

       See:
         Sizes   98

Driers   317

       See also:

         Catalysts   170
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Detackifiers   300

Drilling mud additives (petroleum production)   44

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Bactericides   333
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Defoamers   342
         Dispersants   259
         Emulsifiers   159
         Flocculating agents   190
         Fluid loss additives (petroleum production)   142
         pH control agents   266
         Viscosity adjusters   135
         Weighting agents (petroleum technology)   310

       See also:
         Surfactants   [General Term]

dry cleaning solvents
       See:
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Solvents   271

Dry strength additives (paper technology)   322

       See also:

         Wet strength additives (paper technology)    175

drying agents

       See:

         Absorbents   131
             [continued]

                                      75

-------
         Adsorbents   60
         Dehumidifiers   213
         Dehydrating agents   73
dulling agents
       See:
         Delustrants (textile technology)    102
         Flatting agents (surface coatings)   56
Dust control agents   26
Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
       See also:
         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Detackifiers   300
         Parting agents (molding)   144
Dye carriers   150
dye discharging agents
       See:
         Discharge printing agents (textile  technology)   356
dye fixing agents
       See:
         Dye retention aids   211
         Fixing agents (textile technology)   112
         Lakes (coloring)   248
         Mordants (textile technology)   227
dye intensifiers
       See:
         Fluorescent agents   20
dye intermediates
       See:
         Coupling agents (dyes)   174
Dye leveling agents   255
       See also:
         Dye retardants   307
Dye retardants   307
       See also:
         Dye leveling agents   255
                                      76

-------
Dye retention aids   211
       See also:
         Fixing agents (textile technology)   112
         Mordants (textile technology)   227
Dye stripping agents   39
       See also:
         Discharge printing agents (textile technology)   356
dye transfer inhibitors
       See:
         Anticrock agents (dye technology)   291
dyeing assistants
       See:
         Dye carriers    150
         Dye leveling agents   255
         Dye retardants   307
         Dye retention aids   211
dyeing resists
       See:
         Resists (imaging systems)    154
Dyes   267
       See also:
         Bluing agents   70
         Coupling agents (dyes)   174
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Lakes (coloring)   248
         Pigments   125
         Stains (microscopy)   83
         Toners (coloring)   225
dynamiting agents (textile technology)
       See:
         Weighting agents (textile technology)   53
easy-care finishes
       See:
         Anticreasing agents (textile  technology)   43
                                      77

-------
Elasticizers   28
       See also:
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
Electrical conductive agents   161
       See also:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Electroconductive coating agents   89
         Electrode materials   383
         Electrolytes   245
         Electron emission agents   100
         Semiconductors (electronics technology)   202
Electrical insulating materials   311
       See also:
         Semiconductors (electronics technology)   202
Slectroconductive coating agents   89
       See also:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Electron emission agents   100
Electrode materials   383
       See also:
         Electrical conductive agents   161
Electrolytes   245
       See also:
         Electrical conductive agents   161
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
electroplating agents
       See:
         Brighteners (electroplating)   353
         Fume suppressants (electroplating)   32
         Metal treating agents   [General Term]
         Plating agents   169
electroplating resists
       See:
         Resists (imaging systems)   154
                                      78

-------
electropolishing agents
       See:
         Electrolytes   245
         Metal treating agents   [General Term]
Eluting agents   340
       See also:
         Extraction agents   373
         Solvents   271
Embalming agents   372
Embrittlement inhibitors   361
emission agents, electron
       See:
         Electron emission agents   100
Emollients   265
       See also:
         Softeners   29
Emulsifiers   159
       See also:
         Antistripping agents (asphalt)   347
         Coupling agents (solutions)   335
         Detergents   173
         Dispersants   259
emulsion breakers
       See:
         Demulsifiers   232
emulsion desensitizers
       See:
         Desensitizers (photography)   299
Encapsulating agents   186
       See also:
         Coating agents   130
                                      79

-------
engine coolants
       See:
         Functional fluids    [General Term]
Enhanced oil recovery agents  (petroleum production)   57
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Aerating agents   354
         Demulsifiers   232
         Emulsifiers   159
         Solvents   271
         Viscosity adjusters   135
       See also:
         Surfactants   [General Term]
         Well treating agents (petroleum production)  [General Term]
Entraining agents   308
       See also:
         Aerating agents   354
         Air entraining agents   47
         Carriers (chemical processing)   164
enzyme indicators
       See:
         Indicators   [General Term]
Enzyme inhibitors   341
Enzymes   157
       See also:
         Bates (leather technology)   269
Etching agents   319
Evaporation control agents   336
Explosion inhibitors   363
       See also:
         Desensitizers (explosives)   198
explosion primers
       See:
         Detonators   179
                                       80

-------
Explosives   158
       See also:
         Detonators   179
         Incendiaries   27
extenders, chain
       See:
         Chain extenders (polymer technology)   31
extenders
       See:
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
extinguishing agents
       See:
         Fire extinguishing agents   25
extract printing agents
       See:
         Discharge printing agents (textile technology)   356
Extraction agents   373
       See also:
         Deasphalting agents   236
         Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
         Eluting agents   340
         Leaching agents   53
         Solubilizing agents   326
         Solvents   271
extreme pressure additives
       See:
         Lubricant additives   [General Term]
extruding materials
       See:
         Materials for shaping    [General Term]
extrusion compounds
       See:
         Plastics for shaping   224
                                       81

-------
eye irritants
       See:
         Lachrymators   91
fabric softeners
       See:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Softeners   29
Feed additives (animal nutrition)   66
       See also:
         Hormones   192
feedstocks
       See:
         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
felting agents
       See:
         Fulling agents (textile technology)   117
fertilizer conditioners
       See:
         Anticaking agents   188
Fertilizers   34
Fiber forming compounds   207
       See also:
         Plastics for shaping   224
fiber retention aids
       See:
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
filament-forming compounds
       See:
         Fiber forming compounds   207
filler removers
       See:
         De-inkers (paper technology)    366
             [continued]
                                      32

-------
         Desizing agents   292
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223
filler retention aids
       See:
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
Fillers (augmentation)   351
       See also:
         Delustrants (textile technology)   102
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Opacifiers   128
         Pigments   125
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Sizes   98
         Weighting agents (textile technology)   58
Fillers (patching)   212
       See also:
         Sealants   42
film-forming agents
       See:
         Binders   143
         Coating agents   130
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43
         Sealants   42
filter aids
       See:
         Filtration aids   368
filter cake aids
       See:
         Dewatering aids   205
filtrate reducers
       See:
         Fluid loss additives (petroleum production)    142
Filtration aids   368
       See also:
         Flocculating agents   190
                                      83

-------
Finishing agents (textile technology)   284

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
         Antifume agents (textile technology)    12
         Antipilling agents (textile technology)    218
         Antislip finishing agents (textile  technology)    352
         Antistaining agents   206
         Antistatic agents   328
         Bluing agents   70
         Crabbing assistants (textile technology)   315
         Flame retardants   332
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Fluxing agents   22
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Mercerizing assistants (textile technology)   235
         Oil repellents   197
         Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)    189
         Scrooping agents (textile technology)   263
         Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
         Sizes   98
         Softeners   29
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Water repellents   258
         Waterproofing agents   23
         Weighting agents (textile technology)   58

       See also:

         Biocides   [General Term]
         Textile specialties   [General Term]

Fire extinguishing agents   25

       See also:
         Flame retardants   332

fire retardants

       See:

         Fire extinguishing agents   25
         Flame retardants   332

fireproofing agents

       See:

         Fire extinguishing agents   25
         Flame retardants   332
                                      84

-------
 fireworks
        See:
         Explosives    158
         Incendiaries    27
 "fish  eyes"  preventatives
        See:
         Anticratering agents (surface coatings)    90
 Fixatives  (photography)   295
        See also:
         Developers  (image  formation)    182
         Intensifiers  (photography)    286
 fixators
        See:
         Fixing  agents (fragrances)    134
 Fixing agents  (fragrances)    134
        See also:
         Flavors  and fragrances    79
 Fixing agents  (textile technology)   112
        See also:
         Dye retention aids   211
         Mordants (textile  technology)   227
 Flame  retardants    332
        See also:
         Fire  extinguishing agents   25
 flameproofing  agents
        See:
         Fire  extinguishing agents   25
         Flame retardants    332
 flares
        See:
         Incendiaries    27
'Flatting agents  (surface coatings)   56
                                       85

-------
Flavors and fragrances   79

       See also:

         Deodorants   52
         Fixing agents (fragrances)   134
         Odorants   339

Flocculating agents   190
       See also:
         Coagulants   114
         Filtration aids   368
         Formation aids (paper technology)   337
         Precipitating agents   151
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
         Slime control agents (ore processing)   126
                               \
Flotation agents (ore processing)   297

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Activators (ore processing)   163
         Collectors (ore processing)   283
         Depressants (ore processing)   367
         Dewatering aids   205
         Flocculating agents   190
         Frothers   94
         pH control agents   266
         Slime control agents (ore processing)   126

       See also:

         Modifiers (ore processing)   [General Term]

flow improvers (liquids)

       See:
         Turbulence suppressors   240
         Viscosity adjusters   135

Fluid loss additives (petroleum production)   142

fluidizers

       See:

         Viscosity adjusters   135

fluorescence inhibitors
       See:

         Deblooming agents   309
         Optical quenchers   62
                                      86

-------
Fluorescent agents   20

       See also:
         Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement)
         Optical quenchers   62
         Phosphorescent agents   203
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36
Fluxing agents   22

foam forming compounds
       See:
         Plastics for shaping   224
         Rubber for shaping   187

foam reducers

       See:

         Defoamers   342

foam stabilizers
       See:

         Frothers   94

foaming agents
       See:

         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)    133
         Drilling mud additives (petroleum production)    [General Term]
         Frothers   94
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)    50

Food additives   145

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Acidulants (foods and beverages)    214
         Antioxidants   230
         Antisettling agents   68
         Emulsifiers    159
         Enzymes   157
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Gelling agents   221
         Humectants   318
         Sequestering agents   10
         Softeners   29
         Sweeteners (taste)   80
         Thickeners   272
         Viscosity adjusters   135

       See also:
                                      87

-------
         Preservatives    [General Term]
         Stabilizers    [General Term]
         Surfactants    [General Term]
Formation aids (paper technology)   337
       See also:
         Drainage aids  (paper technology)   38
         Flocculating agents   190
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
foundry casting binders
       See:
         Binders   143
foundry fluxes
       See:
         Fluxing agents   22
fragrances
       See:
         Deodorants   52
         Fixing agents  (fragrances)    134
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Odorants   339
freezing point depressants
       See:
         Antifreezes    77
         Deicers   74
friction reducers
       See:
         Lubricant additives   [General Term]
Frothers   94
       See also:
         Aerating agents   354
Fuel additives   306
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antifouling agents (petroleum products)   329
         Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
         Antioxidants   230
         Bactericides   333
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
            [continued]
                                      88

-------
         Deicers   74
         Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183
         Dyes   267
         Fuel oxidizers   331
         Scavengers   51

fuel oils

       See:.

         Fuels   247

Fuel oxidizers   331

       See also:

         Deposit modifiers (fuels)   183

Fuels   247

Fulling agents (textile technology)   117

Fume suppressants (electroplating)   32

       See also:
         Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)   234

Fumigants   270

       See also:

         Bactericides   333
         Fungicides   362
         Insect repellents   348
         Insecticides   330
         Nematocides   252
         Rodenticides   264

Functional fluids   313

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antifreezes   77
         Coolants   72
         Electrical insulating materials   311
         Hydraulic fluids   65
         Lubricating agents   364
         Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
         Refrigerants   208
         Transmission fluids   256

       See also:

         Heat transfer agents    [General Term]
                                      89

-------
Fungicides   362
       See also:
         Slime  preventatives  (paper  technology)    116
galvanizing agents
       See:
         Plating agents    169
gas fading inhibitors
       See:
         Antifume agents (textile technology)   12
gas scrubbing agents
       See:
         Absorbents   131
         Sweeteners (petroleum technology)   138
gasoline additives
       See:
         Fuel additives    [General Term]
gasolines
       See:
         Fuels   247
Gelling agents   221
       See also:
         Thickeners   272
         Thixotropic agents   334
         Viscosity adjusters   135
getters
       See:
         Scavengers   51
glass for shaping
       See:
         Materials for shaping   [General Term]
gloss control agents
       See:
         Flatting agents (surface coatings)   56
                                      90

-------
glues
       See:
         Adhesives   302
granulating agents
       See:
         Anticaking agents   188
         Binders   143
         Dust control agents   26
Greaseproofing agents   193
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Oil repellents   197
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
grinding aids
       See:
         Milling aids   327
Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives    184
       See also:
         Blasting abrasives   6
growth regulators, plant
       See:
         Plant growth regulators   251
hair removing agents
       See:
         Dehairing agents (leather technology)    137
hardeners
       See:
         Alloying agents   376
         Case-hardening agents   324
         Curing agents (polymer  technology)    369
         Fixatives (photography)   295
heat dissipating agents
       See:
         Ablatives   204
         Heat transfer agents    [General Term]
                                      91

-------
Heat insulating materials   314

       See also:
         Ablatives   204
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Refractories   241

heat sealing agents

       See:
         Adhesion promoters   110
         Adhesives   302

Heat stabilizers   87

       See also:
         Ablatives   204
         Antioxidants   230
         Heat insulating materials   314

Heat transfer agents    199
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Ablatives   204
         Antifreezes    77
         Coolants   72
         Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
         Refrigerants   208

       See also:
         Functional fluids   [General Term]

heavy metal antagonists
       See:
         Chelating agents   122
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Fuel additives   [General Term]
         Sequestering agents   10

heavy oil recovery agents

       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]

Herbicides   275

       See also:
         Algicides   287
         Plant growth regulators   251
                                      92

-------
high explosives
       See:
         Explosives   158
high pressure stabilizers
       See:
         Lubricant additives    [General Term]
Hormones   192
Humectants   318
       See also:
         Antistatic agents   328
Humidity indicators   246
hydration prevention agents
       See:
         Adsorbents   60
         Dehumidifiers   213
         Dehydrating agents    73
Hydraulic fluids   65
       See also:
         Lubricating agents    364
         Transmission fluids    256
hydrogenation catalysts
       See:
         Catalysts   170
Hydrotropic agents   210
       See also:
         Coupling agents (solutions)   335
         Solubilizing agents    326
hygroscopic agents
       See:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Humectants   318
hypochlorite removers
       See:
         Dechlorinating agents   85
                                     93

-------
immersion fluids
       See:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238
Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
       See also:
         Elasticizers   28
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Reinforcing agents   250
Incandescent agents   380
       See also:
         Luminescent agents   [General Term]
Incendiaries   27
       See also:
         Explosives   158
Indicators   69              /
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Humidity indicators   246
         Oxidation-reduction indicators   325
         pH indicators   191
inflating agents
       See:
         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)   133
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)   50
inhibitors
       See:
         Antioxidants   230
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
         Preservatives   [General Term]
         Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)   21
         Stabilizers   [General Term]
Initiators (chemical technology)   103
       See also:
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Catalysts   170
         Detonators   179
                                     94

-------
injection molding compounds
       See:
         Plastics for shaping   224
ink intensifiers
       See:
         Intensifiers (printing)   359
ink removers
       See:
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
Inorganic intermediates   146
       See also:
         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
         Organic intermediates   290
         Reagents   [General Term]
Insect attractants   155
       See also:
         Insect repellents   348
         Insecticides   330
Insect repellents   348
       See also:
         Fumigants   270
         Insect attractants   155
         Insecticides   330
Insecticides   330
       See also:
         Fumigants   270
         Insect attractants   155
         Insect repellents   348
         Nematocides   252
Insulating materials   162
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Ablatives   204
         Acoustical insulating materials   254
         Electrical insulating materials   311
         Heat insulating materials   314
                                      95

-------
Intensifiers (photography)   286
       See also:
         Developers (image formation)   182
         Fixatives (photography)   295
         Intensifiers (printing)   359
Intensifiers (printing)   359
       See also:
         Intensifiers (photography)   286
intermediates
       See:
         Chemical raw materials    [General Term]
         Inorganic intermediates   146
         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Organic intermediates   290
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43
         Reagents   [General Term]
Internal lubricating agents   148
       See also:
         Parting agents (molding)   144
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Slip agents (plastics technology)   312
Ion exchange agents   2
       See also:
         Deionizers   107
         Soil conditioners   305
ion exchange liquids
       See:
         Ion exchange agents   2
jet fuel additives
       See:
         Fuel additives   [General Term]
joint fillers
       See:
         Sealants   42
                                     96

-------
Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171

       See also:

         Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274

laboratory chemicals

       See:

         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
         Indicators    [General Term]
         Inorganic intermediates    146
         Organic intermediates   290
         Oxidizers   149
         Reaction media   16
         Reagents   [General Term]
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
         Solvents   271

Lachrymators   91

Lakes (coloring)   248

       See also:
         Dye retention aids   211
         Dyes   267
         Fixing agents (textile technology)    112
         Mordants (textile technology)   227
         Pigments   125
         Toners (coloring)   225

laminating agents

       See:
         Adhesives   302
         Coating agents   130
         Plastics for  shaping   224

lapping agents

       See:
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives    184

Latex compounding agents   33

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Accelerators   321
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiozonants   168
         Antiwebbing agents (latex  technology)   194
         Catalysts   170
         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)    133

             [continued]
                                      97

-------
         Defoamers   342
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Gelling agents   221
         Parting agents (molding)    144
         Pigments   125
         Softeners   29

       See also:
         Polymerization additives    [General Term]
laundering agents
       See:
         Antistatic agents   328
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bluing agents   70
         Builders (soap and detergent technology)    [General Term]
         Detergents   173
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Rinse aids   9
         Softeners   29
Laundry sours   172

Leaching agents   53
       See also:
         Extraction agents   373
         Solvents   271
lead scavengers
       See:
         Fuel additives   [General Term]
         Scavengers   51
leak testing fluids

       See:

         Analytical and product testing agents   238

Leather processing agents   156

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Bates (leather technology)   269
         Coating agents   130
         Currying agents (leather technology)   18
         Degreasers   229
         Dehairing agents (leather technology)   137
         Desizing agents   292
            [continued]

                                      98

-------
         Dyes   267
         Emollients   265
         Enzymes   157
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Oil repellents   197
         Penetrants   249
         Pigments   125
         Softeners   29
         Tanning agents (leather technology)   316
         Water repellents   258
         Waterproofing agents   23
leveling agents
       See:
         Thixotropic agents   334
light sensitizers
       See:
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
Light stabilizers   285
       See also:
         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
         Desensitizers (photography)   299
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36
light-emitting agents
       See:
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Luminescent agents   [General Term]
         Phosphorescent agents   203
lignin stabilizers
       See:
         Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84
Liquid crystals   370
liquids, ion exchange
       See:
         Ion exchange agents   2
liquifying agents
       See:
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
                                      99

-------
loading agents

       See:

         Weighting agents (textile technology)   58

Lubricant additives   195

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antioxidants   230
         Antiseize agents (lubricants)   119
         Chelating agents   122
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Defoamers   342
         Detergents   173
         Lubricating agents   364
         Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262
         Viscosity index improvers   15

lubricants

       See:

         Lubricating agents   364

Lubricating agents   364

       See also:

         Anticaking agents   188
         Antiseize agents (lubricants)   119
         Currying agents (leather technology)    18
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Parting agents (molding)   144
         Penetrants   249
         Slip agents (plastics technology)   312

lubricating oil additives

       See:

         Lubricant additives   [General Term]

luminescence activators

       See:

         Activators (luminescence)   196

Luminescent agents   381

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Fluorescent agents   20
         Phosphorescent agents   203

       See also:
         Incandescent agents   380

                                      100

-------
Magnetic agents   379
Mar proofing agents (surface coatings)   67
marine paint additives
       See:
         Antifouling agents (surface coating technology)    1
masking agents
       See:
         Deodorants   52
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Odorants   339
Materials for shaping   375
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Alloying agents   376
         Fiber forming compounds   207
         Plastics for shaping   224
         Rubber for shaping   187
maturation agents
       See:
         Ripening agents (crops)   71
media, reaction
       See:
         Reaction media    16
melting fluxes
       See:
         Fluxing agents    22
membranes, osmotic
       See:
         Osmotic membranes   382
Mercerizing assistants (textile technology)    235
Metal conditioners   289
       See also:
         Degreasers   229
         Metal treating agents    [General  Term]
         Phosphatizing agents (metals)   55
                                      101

-------
metal deactivaCors

       See:

         Chelating agents    122
         Complexing agents    [General  Term]
         Fuel additives    [General Term]
         Sequestering agents    10

metal degreasing agents

       See:

         Degreasers   229

metal pigments

       See:

         Pigments   125

Metal strippers   95

Metal treating agents   37

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
         Brazing agents (metals)   101
         Bright dips (metal treating)   220
         Brighteners (electroplating)   353
         Case-hardening agents (metal  treating)   324
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Degreasers   229
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
         Embrittlement inhibitors   361
         Etching agents   319
         Fluxing agents   22
         Fume suppressants (electroplating)   32
         Metal conditioners   289
         Phosphatizing agents (metals)   55
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
         Pickling inhibitors (metal treating)   217
         Plating agents   169
         Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
         Rust inhibitors   276

metals for shaping

       See:

         Materials for shaping   [General Term]

micellar flooding agents
       See:

       Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]
                                      102

-------
microemulsion flooding agents
       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]
mildewcide
       See:
         Fungicides   362
Milling aids   327
mineral processing agents
       See:
         Flotation agents (ore processing)    [General Term]
         Leaching agents   53
miticides
       See:
         Insecticides   330
Modifiers (ore processing)   360
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Activators (ore processing)    163
         Depressants (ore processing)   367
         Dispersants   259
         pH control agents   266
       See also:
         Flotation agents (ore processing)    [General Term]
modifiers, refractive index
       See:
         Refractive index modifiers   219
modifiers (rubber)
       See:
         Chain terminators (polymer  technology)    113
         Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
moisture indicators
       See:
         Humidity indicators   246
                                     103

-------
moisturizers
       See:
         HumecCants   318
mold construction materials
       See:
         Materials for shaping    [General Term]
mold inhibitors
       See:
         Fungicides   362
mold release agents
       See:
         Parting agents (molding)    144
mold washes
       See:
         Lubricating agents   364
         Parting agents   144
molding compounds
       See:
         Latex compounding agents    [General Term]
         Plastics for shaping   224
         Rubber for shaping   187
molding materials
       See:
         Materials for shaping    [General Term]
Monomers (polymer technology)   115
       See also:
         Organic intermediates    290
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43
Mordants (textile technology)   227
       See also:
         Dye retention aids   211
         Fixing agents (textile technology)   112
         Lakes (coloring)   248
                                     104

-------
mortar additives
       See:
         Concrete additives
mothproofing agents
       See:
         Insect repellents   348
         Insecticides   330
motor oil additives
       See:
         Lubricant additives
         [General Term]
          [General Term]
mucilages
       See:
         Adhesives
Nematocides  ' 252
       See also:
302
         Fumigants   270
         Insecticides   330
neutralizing agents
       See:
         Laundry sours    172
         pH control agents   266
nitriding agents
       See:
         Case-hardening agents  (metal  treating)
nonconductors
       See:
         Electrical insulating materials   311
         Insulating materials   [General Term]
Nucleating agents   24
nutrients
       See:
                             324
         Culture nutrients
         Fertilizers   34
        215
                                       105

-------
Obscuring agents (chemical smokes)   237
       See also:
         Opacifiers   128
occlusion agents (paper technology)
       See:
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
octane improvers
       See:
         Antiknock agents (fuels)   76
odor control agents
       See:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
         Decontaminants   [General Term]
         Deodorants   52
         Fixing agents (fragrances)   134
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Odorants   339
Odorants   339
       See also:
         Deodorants   52
         Flavors and fragrances   79
oil additives
       See:
         Lubricant additives   [General Term]
oil recovery agents
       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]
Oil repellents   197
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Water repellents   258
                                      106

-------
Oiliness agents   346

       See also:

         Lubricating agents   364

Opacifiers   128

       See also:

         Delustrants (textile technology)    102
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Obscuring agents (chemical smokes)   237
         Pigments   125
         Sizes   98

opalescence enhancers

       See:

         Pearlizing agents   139

optical brighteners
       See:
         Bluing agents   70
         Fluorescent agents   20

Optical quenchers   62
       See also:

         Fluorescent agents   20

ore processing agents

       See:
         Dewatering aids   205
         Extraction agents   373
         Flotation agents (ore processing)    [General Term]
         Ion exchange agents   2
         Leaching agents   53
         Milling aids   327

Organic intermediates   290

       See also:

         Chemical raw materials    [General Term]
         Coupling agents (dyes)    174
         Inorganic intermediates    146
         Monomers (polymer technology)    115
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)    43

Osmotic membranes   382
                                      107

-------
oxidation catalysts
       See :
         Catalysts    170
oxidation inhibitors
       See:  ,
         Antioxidants   230
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Tarnish inhibitors   345
Oxidation-reduction indicators   325
       See also:
         Oxidizers    149
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
oxide removers
       See:
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
         Rust removers   11
Oxidizers    149
       See also:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238
         Fuel oxidizers   331
         Oxidation-reduction indicators   325
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
oxidizers, fuel
       See:
         Fuel oxidizers   331
ozonation inhibitors
       See:
         Antiozonants   168
packer fluids
       See:
         Well treating agents  (petroleum production)  [General Term]
Paint and varnish removers   320
paint fillers
       See:
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
                                     108

-------
paint strippers

       See:

         Paint and varnish removers   320

Papennaking agents   17

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antiskid agents   350
         Binders   143
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bluing agents   70
         Dechlorinating agents   85
         Defoamers   342
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
         Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84
         Desizing agents   292
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
         Dry strength additives (paper technology)   322
         Dyes   267
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Fungicides   362
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Lubricant additives    [General Term]
         Oil repellents   197
         Opacifiers   128
         Optical quenchers   62
         Penetrants   249
         pH control agents   266
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Repulping aids (paper  technology)   223
         Retention aids (paper  technology)   296
         Sizes   98
         Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116
         Softeners   29
         Water repellents   258
         Wet strength additives (paper technology)   175

Parting agents (molding)   144

       See also:

         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)    63
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Lubricating agents   364
                                     109

-------
paint strippers

       See:

         Paint and varnish removers   320

Papermaking agents   17

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antiskid agents   350
         Binders   143
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bluing agents   70
         Dechlorinating agents   85
         Defoamers   342
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
         Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84
         Desizing agents   292
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
         Dry strength additives (paper technology)   322
         Dyes   267
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Fungicides   362
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Lubricant additives   [General Term]
         Oil repellents   197
         Opacifiers   128
         Optical quenchers   62
         Penetrants   249
         pH control agents   266
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
         Sizes   98
         Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116
         Softeners   29
         Water repellents   258
         Wet strength additives (paper technology)   175

Parting agents (molding)   144

       See also:

         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Detackifiers   300
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Lubricating agents   364
                                     110

-------
passivating agents
       See:
         Metal conditioners   289
patching compounds
       See:
         Fillers (patching)   212
Pearlizing agents   139
       See also:
         Pigments   125
Penetrants   249
       See also:
         Currying agents (leather technology)   18
         Dye carriers   150
         Lubricant additives   [General Term]
         Tanning agents (leather technology)   316
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
         Wetting agents   243
peptides
       See:
         Enzymes   157
Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
       See also:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Dispersants   259
         Softeners   29
peptizing agents (rubber)
       See:
         Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   231
perfumes
       See:
         Flavors and fragrances   79
peroxidation inhibitors
       See:
         Antioxidants   230
                                     111

-------
Pesticides   253

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Algicides   287
         Animal repellents   166
         Bactericides   333
         Fumigants   270
         Fungicides   362
         Herbicides   275
         Insect attractants   155
         Insect repellents   348
         Insecticides   330
         Nematocides   252
         Plant growth regulators   251
         Rodenticides   264
         Spreaders (plant applications)   92
         Stickers   165

       See also:

         Biocides   [General Term]

petroleum lubricants

       See:

         Lubricant additives    [General Term]

petroleum processing agents

       See:

         Deasphalting agents    236
         Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
         Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262
         Sweeteners (petroleum  technology)   138

pH control agents   266

       See also:

         Acidulants (foods and  beverages)   214
         Laundry sours   172
         pH indicators   191

pH indicators   191

       See also:

         pH control agents   266

pH regulators

       See:

         pH control agents   266
                                     112

-------
pheromones
       See:
         Insect attractants   155
Phosphatizing agents (metals)   55
       See also:
         Plating agents   169
phosphor activators
       See:
         Activators (luminescence)   196
Phosphorescent agents   203
       See also:
         Fluorescent agents   20
photoactivators
       See:
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
photodesensitizers
       See:
         Desensitizers (photography)   299
photoelectric agents
       See:
         Photosensitive agents    [General Term]
photographic chemicals
       See:
         Antifogging agents (imaging systems)   99
         Antistatic agents   328
         Bleaching agents   132
         Chelating agents   122
         Coagulants    114
         Desensitizers (photography)   299
         Developers (image formation)   182
         Fixatives (photography)    295
         Intensifiers  (photography)   286
         Photosensitive agents    [General Term]
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
                                      113

-------
photopolymers
       See:
         Photosensitive agents    [General Term]
photoresists
       See:
         Resists (imaging systems)    154
Photosensitive agents   344
       Use more specific term if  appropriate:
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Phosphorescent agents    203
         Photovoltaic agents   378
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
         Ultraviolet absorbers    36
photosensitizers
       See:
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
Photovoltaic agents   378
       See also:
         Photosensitive agents    (General Term]
         Semiconductors (electronics  technology)   202
Physical blowing agents (polymer  technology)   50
       See also:
         Chemical blowing agents  (polymer technology)   133
physiological control agents
       See:
         Hormones   192
Pickling agents (metal technology)    59
       See also:
         Bright dips (metal treating)   220
         Descaling agents (metals)    49
         Pickling inhibitors (metal treating)   217
         Rust removers   11
Pickling inhibitors (metal treating)   217
       See also:
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
                                     114

-------
pigment binders

       See:

         Binders   143

Pigments   125

       See also:

         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Coupling agents (dyes)   174
         Delustrants (textile technology)   102
         Dyes   267
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Lakes (coloring)   248
         Opacifiers   128
         Pearlizing agents   139
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Sizes   98
         Toners (coloring)   225
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36

Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75

Plant growth regulators   251

plant hormones

       See:

         Hormones   192

plant nutrients

       See:

         Fertilizers   34

Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
       See also:

         Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357
         Depolymerization agents   30
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Softeners   29
         Swelling agents   127
         Viscosity adjusters   135

Plastics additives   176

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology)   129
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)   282
            [continued]

                                      115

-------
         Antistatic agents   328
         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)   133
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Dyes   267
         Elasticizers   28
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Flame retardants   332
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Light stabilizers   285
         Lubricating agents   364
         Nucleating agents   24
         Opacifiers   128
         Parting agents (molding)   144
         Pearlizing agents   139
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)   50
         Pigments   125
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Slip agents (plastics technology)   312
         Softeners   29
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36

Plastics for shaping   224

       See also:

         Fiber forming compounds   207
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43

Plating agents   169

       See also:

         Brighteners (electroplating)   353
         Phosphatizing agents (metals)   55

Poison gas decontaminants   8

       See also:

         Decontaminants   [General Term]

polish removers

       See:

         Wax strippers   273
                                     116

-------
polishing agents

       See:

         Blasting abrasives   6
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives   184
         Rust inhibitors   276
         Rust removers   11
         Tarnish inhibitors   345
         Tarnish removers   13

polymer flooding agents
       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)  [General Term]

Polymer strippers   3

Polymerization additives   121

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Catalysts   170
         Chain extenders (polymer technology)   31
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
         Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Driers   317
         Emulsifiers   159
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103
         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Photosensitive agents   [General Term]
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43

       See also:
         Latex compounding agents   [General Term]
         Plastics additives   [General Term]
         Rubber compounding agents   [General Term]

polymerization catalysts

       See:

         Catalysts   170
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103

Polymerization inhibitors   209

       See also:
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
         Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
            [continued]

                                      117

-------
         Depolymerization agents   30
         Retarders (chemical processes)    136

polymerization intermediates

       See:

         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43

Pore forming agents   111

potting compounds

       See:

         Encapsulating agents   186

Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262

       See also:

         Antifreezes   77
         Viscosity index improvers   15

Precipitating agents   151

       See also:

         Adsorbents   60
         Antifloating agents   41
         Cloud point depressants   260
         Coagulants   114
         Deionizers   107
         Demulsifiers   232
         Flocculating agents   190
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296

Prepolymers (polymer technology)   43

       See also:

         Coating agents   130
         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Organic intermediates   290
         Plastics for shaping   224

Preservatives   118

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Animal repellents   166
         Antifume agents (textile technology)    12
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiozonants   168
         Bactericides   333
         Disinfectants   140
         Embalming agents   372
         Fungicides   362
            [continued]

                                      118

-------
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Insect repellents   348
         Light stabilizers   285
         Scavengers   51
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36
       See also:
         Pesticides   [General Term]
Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
       See also:
         Degreasers   229
         Detergents   173
         Solvents   271
press oils
       See:
         Lubricating agents   364
         Parting agents (molding)   144
pressure molding compounds
       See:
         Plastics for shaping   224
         Rubber for shaping   187
Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)   21
       See also:
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
prilling agents
       See:
         Anticaking agents   188
         Binders   143
primers, explosion
       See:
         Detonators   179
primers, flash lamp
       See:
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103
printing assistants (textile technology)
       See:
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
                                      119

-------
printing intensifiers
       See:
         Intensifiers (printing)   359
printing resists
       See:
         Resists (imaging systems)   154
proenzymes
       See:
         Activators (enzymes)   239
promoters, adhesion
       See:
         Adhesion promoters   110
propellants
       See:
         Explosives   158
propellents, aerosol
       See:
         Aerosol propellents   178
Protective agents (textile processing)   106
protective coatings additives
       See:
         Surface coating additives   [General Term]
protein denaturants
       See:
         Denaturants   200
proteins
       See:
         Enzymes   157
         Feed additives (animal nutrition)   66
pulp retention aids
       See:
         Retention aids (paper technology)   296
                                     120

-------
pulping agents
       See:
         Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84
purging agents
       See:
         Deaerating agents   81
purification agents
       See:
         Refining agents (non-petroleum)    [General Term]
pyrotechnics
       See:
         Incendiaries   27
quality control agents
       See:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238
Quenchers (metallurgy)   216
       See also:
         Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
quenchers, optical
       See:
         Optical quenchers   62
radiation absorbents
       See:
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Light stabilizers   285
         X-ray absorbents   377
radiation curing agents
       See:
         Curing agents   369
radiation sensitizers
       See:
         Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
                                       121

-------
Radioactivity decontaminants   45
       See also:
         Decontaminants    [General Term]
rainmaking agents
       See:
         Nucleating agents   24
rat killers
       See:
         Rodenticides   264
raw materials
       See:
         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
Reaction media   16
       See also:
         Carriers (chemical processing)   164
         Solvents   271
Reagents   374
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Analytical and product testing agents   238
         Dechlorinating agents   85
         Indicators   [General Term]
         Inorganic intermediates   146
         Organic intermediates   290
         Oxidizers   149
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
       See also:
         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
reclaiming agents, rubber
       See:
         Rubber reclaiming agents   [General Term]
reclaiming aids (paper pulp)
       See:
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223
                                      122

-------
Reducers (chemical technology)   244

       See also:

         Analytical and product testing agents   238
         Dechlorinating agents   85
         Oxidation-reduction indicators   325
         Oxidizers   149
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257

reduction catalysts

       See:
         Catalysts   170

reduction indicators

       See:
         Oxidation-reduction indicators   325

Refining agents (non-petroleum)   153
       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Adsorbents   60
         Coagulants   114
         Eluting agents   340
         Extraction agents   373
         Flocculating agents   190
         Ion exchange agents   2
         Leaching agents   53
         Precipitating agents   151
         Scavengers   51
         Solvents   271

       See also:

         Clarifiers   [General Term]

Refractive index modifiers   219

Refractories   241

Refrigerants   208
       See also:

         Coolants   72

regeneration agents

       See:

         Eluting agents   340
                                      123

-------
regenerators, pH
       See:

         pH control agents   266

Reinforcing agents   250

       See also:
         Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)   282
         Coupling agents (polymers)    123
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Pigments   125
         Sizes   98

release agents

       See:

         Detackifiers   300
         Parting agents (molding)    144

reodorants

       See:
         Deodorants   52
         Flavors and fragrances   79
         Odorants   339

repellents

       See:
         Animal repellents   166
         Antistaining agents   206
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Insect repellents   348
         Oil repellents   197
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Water repellents   258

reprocessing agents

       See:

         Rubber reclaiming agents    [General Term]

Repulping aids (paper technology)   223

       See also:

         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
         Desizing agents   292
                                     124

-------
reserving agents (dye technology)
       See:
         Resists (imaging systems)   154
resin curing agents
       See:
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
resins, ion exchange
       See:
         Deionizers   107
         Ion exchange agents   2
         Water softeners   [General Term]
Resists (imaging systems)   154
res trainers (photographic chemistry)
       See:
         Antifogging agents (imaging systems)   99
retardants, flame
       See:
         Flame retardants   332
Retarders (chemical processes)   136
       See also:
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
retarders (lacquer drying)
       See:
         Evaporation control agents   336
retarders (textile technology)
       See:
         Dye retardants   307
Retention aids (paper technology)   296
       See also:
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
         Flocculating agents   190
         Formation aids (paper technology)   337
                                     125

-------
retention aids (textile technology)
       See:
         Dye retention aids   211
         Fixing agents (textile technology)    112
         Mordants (textile technology)   227
revetting agents
       See:
         Wetting agents   243
Theological control additives
       See:
         Drilling mud additives    [General Term]
         Gelling agents   221
         Thixotropic agents   334
         Viscosity adjusters   135
Rinse aids   9
       See also:
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Dispersants   259
         Wetting agents   243
Ripening agents (crops)   71
Rodenticides   264
       See also:
         Animal repellents   166
         Fumigants   270
rosin control additives
       See:
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75
rotproofing agents
       See:
         Fungicides   362
roughening agents
       See:
         Antiskid agents   350
                                     126

-------
Rubber compounding agents   338

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Accelerators   321
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Antiblocking agents (polymer technology)   63
         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiozonants   168
         Antistatic agents   328
         Catalysts   170
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
         Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology)   133
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Coupling agents (polymers)   123
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
         Dusting agents (rubber technology)   233
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Flame retardants   332
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Initiators (chemical technology)   103
         Parting agents (molding)   144
         Physical blowing agents (polymer technology)   50
         Pigments   125
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)   21
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136
         Softeners   29
         Swelling agents   127
         Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288

       See also:
         Polymerization additives   [General Term]

Rubber for shaping   187

Rubber reclaiming agents   201

       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Depolymerization agents   30
         Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   231
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Softeners   29
         Solvents   271
         Swelling agents   127

Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)   189

       See also:
         Anticrock agents (dye technology)   291
         Antipilling agents (textile technology)   218
                                      127

-------
Rust inhibitors   276
       See also:
         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Rust removers   11
Rust removers   11
       See also:
         Bright dips (metal treating)   220
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
         Pickling agents (metal technology)   59
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Solvents   271
         Tarnish removers   13
salt baths (heat treating)
       See:
         Heat transfer agents   [General Term]
sanding agents
       See:
         Blasting abrasives   6
         Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives   184
sanitizers
       See:
         Bactericides   333
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Cleaners   [General Term]
         Detergents   173
         Disinfectants   140
scale inhibitors
       See:
         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
scale removers
       See:
         Descaling agents (metals)   49
Scavengers   51
       See also:
         Absorbents   131
         Adsorbents   60
            [continued]
                                     128

-------
         Deaerating agents   81
         Dechlorinating agents   85
scorch inhibitors
       See:
         Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology)   21
         Retarders (chemical processes)   136
Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
       See also:
         Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
         Degreasers   229
         Degumming agents (textile technology)   365
         Desizing agents   292
         Detergents   173
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
Scrooping agents (textile technology)   263
       See also:
         Sizes   98
scrubbing agents
       See:
         Absorbents   131
Sealants   42
       See also:
         Adhesives   302
         Barrier coating agents   268
         Binders   143
         Coating agents   130
         Fillers (patching)   212
         Sizes   98
         Water repellents   258
         Waterproofing agents   23
secondary oil recovery agents
       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)  [General Term]
sediment inhibitors
       See:
         Dispersants   259
                                     129

-------
Semiconductors (electronics technology)   202
       See also:
         Electrical conductive agents   161
         Photovoltaic agents   378
semiperaeable membranes
       See:
         Osmotic membranes   382
Sensitizers (photochemistry)   303
       See also:
         Desensitizers (photography)   299
         Photosensitive agents   [General Term]
Sequestering agents   10
       See also:
         Antiprecipitants   177
         Chelating agents   122
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Deionizers   107
settling agents
       See:
         Glarifiers   [General Term]
         Coagulants   114
         Flocculating agents   190
         Precipitating agents   151
shale control inhibitors
       See:
         Drilling mud additives (petroleum production)   [General Term]
shaping, materials for
       See:
         Materials for shaping   [General Term]
shortstop
       See:
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113
Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
       See also:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
                                    130

-------
shrinking agents
       See:
         Fulling agents (textile technology)   117
shrink-resistant finishing agents
       See:
         Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
size removal agents
       See:
         Desizing agents   292
size setting agents
       See:
         Binders   143
         Sizes   98
Sizes   98
       See also:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
         Antistaining agents   206
         Delustrants (textile technology)   102
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Opacifiers   128
         Pigments   125
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Scrooping agents (textile technology)   263
         Sealants   42
         Weighting agents (textile technology)   58
skidproofing agents
       See:
         Antiskid agents   350
skin-softening agents
       See:
         Bates (leather technology)   269
         Emollients   265
slasher sizes
       See:
         Sizes   98
                                      131

-------
Slime control agents (ore processing)   126
       See also:
         Flocculating agents   190
Slime preventatives (paper technology)   116
       See also:
         Bactericides   333
         Fungicides   362
Slip agents (plastics technology)   312
       See also:
         Internal lubricating agents   148
slip finishing agents
       See:
         Mar proofing agents (surface coatings)   67
slip-proofing agents
       See:
         Antiskid agents   350
slow release agents
       See:
         Encapsulating agents   186
sludge inhibitors
       See:
         Antifouling agents (petroleum products)   329
slushing compounds
       See:
         Metal  treating agents   [General Term]
smoke retardants
       See:
         Flame retardants   332
smoke screens
       See:
         Obscuring agents (chemical smokes)   237
                                      132

-------
soaking agents
       See:
         Wetting agents   243
soap builders
       See:
         Builders (soap and detergent technology)    [General Term]
Soaping-off assistants (textile technology)   14
Softeners   29
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Bates (leather technology)   269
         Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357
         Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   231
         Emollients   265
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Swelling agents   127
         Water softeners '  [General Term]
softeners, water
       See:
         Water softeners   [General Term]
Soil conditioners   305
       See also:
         Ion exchange agents   2
Soil release agents   294
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Oil repellents   197
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
soil removers
       See:
         Cleaners   [General Term]
Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
             [continued]
                                      133

-------
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Oil repellents   197
         Soil release agents   294
         Water repellents   258

soil suspending agents

       See:
         Antiredeposition agents   293

soldering agents
       See:
         Brazing agents (metals)   101
         Fluxing agents   22

SoLubilizing agents   326
       See also:

         Coupling agents (solutions)   335
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Solvents   271

solvent desphalting agents

       See:
         Deasphalting agents   236

Solvents   271
       See also:

         Absorbents   131
         Coupling agents (solutions)   335
         Deasphalting agents   236
         Degreasers   229
         Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology)   82
         Eluting agents   340
         Extraction agents   373
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Leaching agents   53
         Paint and varnish removers   320
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Reaction media   16
         Rust removers   11
         Solubilizing agents   326
         Strippers   [General Term]
         Swelling agents   127
         Tar removers   40
         Wax strippers   273
                                    134

-------
sound insulation
       See:
         Acoustical insulating materials   254
sours
       See:
         Laundry sours   172
spackling compounds
       See:
         Fillers (patching)   212
specialties, textile
       See:
         Textile specialties   [General Term]
specific gravity adjusters
       See:
         Weighting agents (petroleum technology)   310
spotting agents
       See:
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
Spreaders (plant applications)   92
       See also:
         Pesticides   [General Term]
         Stickers   165
sputtering agents
       See:
         Coating agents   130
Stabilizers   54
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Antifume agents (textile technology)   12
         Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology)   129
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiozonants   168
         Emulsifiers   159
         Frothers   94
         Heat stabilizers   87
         Light stabilizers   285
         Peptizing agents (colloids)   96
            [continued]
                                     135

-------
         Polymerization inhibitors   209
         Scavengers   51
         Ultraviolet absorbers   36
       See also:
         Preservatives   [General Term]
stabilizers, heat
       See:
         Heat stabilizers   87
stain removers
       See:
         Cleaners   [General Term]
stain repellents
       See:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Greaseproofing agents   193
         Oil repellents   197
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
Stains (microscopy)   83
       See also:
         Dyes   267
starch improvers
       See:
         Binders   143
         Complexing agents   124
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   48
         Reagents   [General Term]
         Sizes   98
starting materials
       See:
         Chemical raw materials   [General Term]
         Inorganic intermediates   146
         Monomers (polymer technology)   115
         Organic intermediates   290
static reducers
       See:
         Antistatic agents   328
                                     136

-------
steel hardening agents
       See:
         Case-hardening agents (metal treating)   324
sterilizers
       See:
         Bactericides   333
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Disinfectants   140
         Preservatives   [General Term]
Stickers   165
       See also:
         Pesticides   [General Term]
         Spreaders (plant applications)   92
stiffening agents
       See:
         Antiplasticizers (polymer technology)   282
         Reinforcing agents   250
         Scrooping agents (textile technology)   263
         Sizes   98

strength additives

       See:
         Dry strength additives (paper technology)   322
         Impact modifiers (polymer technology)   181
         Wet strength additives (paper technology)   175

Strippers   61
       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Degumming agents (textile technology)   365
         De-inkers (paper technology)   366
         Desizing agents   292
         Discharge printing agents (textile technology)   356
         Dye stripping agents   39
         Metal strippers   95
         Paint and varnish removers   320
         Polymer strippers   3
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
         Solvents   271
         Tar removers   40
         Wax strippers   273

       See also:
         Cleaners   [General Term]
                                      137

-------
structural components
       See:
         Materials for shaping   [General Term]
suds control agents
       See:
         Defoamers   342
sulfidizers
       See:
         Modifiers (ore processing)   [General Term]
superfatting agents
       See:
         Emollients   265
supplements, feed
       See:
         Feed additives (animal nutrition)   66
supports, catalyst
       See:
         Catalyst supports   19
suppressors, turbulence
       See:
         Turbulence suppressors   240
Surface coating additives   371
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Anticratering agents (surface coatings)   90
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antiflooding agents (surface coatings)   152
         Antifouling agents (surface coating technology)   1
         Antilivering agents (surface coatings)   120
         Antisagging agents (surface coatings)   160
         Antisettling agents   68
         Binders   143
         Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings)   88
         Coalescing agents (surface coatings)   357
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Dispersants   259
         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Flatting agents (surface coatings)   56
         Fungicides   362
            [continued]
                                     138

-------
         Mar proofing agents (surface coatings)   67
         Pearlizing agents   139
         Pigments   125
         Solvents   271
         Thickeners   272
         Thixotropic agents   334

Surfactants   109
       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Aerating agents   354
         Antifloating agents   41
         Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)   234
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Antistripping agents (asphalt)   347
         Antiwebbing agents (latex technology)   194
         Bleaching assistants   304
         Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
         Coalescents   278
         Demulsifiers   232
         Detergents   173
         Dispersants   259
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
         Emulsifiers   159
         Evaporation control agents   336
         Formation aids (paper technology)   337
         Frothers   94
         Hydrotropic agents   210
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
         Mercerizing assistants (textile technology)   235
         Penetrants   249
         Pitch control agents (wood pulping)   75
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Repulping aids (paper technology)   223
         Rinse aids   9
         Scouring agents (textile technology)   274
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
         Wetting agents   243

suspending agents
       See:

         Antiprecipitants   177
         Antiredeposition agents   293
         Antisettling agents   68
         Dispersants   259
         Emulsifiers   159

Sweeteners (petroleum technology)   138

       See also:

         Deodorants   52
                                      139

-------
Sweeteners (caste)   80

Swelling agents   127

       See also:
         Dye carriers   150
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Softeners   29

Tackifiers   280

       See also:
         Adhesion promoters   110
         Adhesives   302
         Binders   143

Tanning agents (leather technology)   316

       See also:
         Bates (leather technology)   269
         Currying agents (leather technology)   18
         Dehairing agents (leather technology)   137
         Leather processing agents   [General Term]
         Penetrants   249

Tar removers   40

Tarnish inhibitors   345

       See also:
         Antioxidants   230
         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
         Corrosion inhibitors   323

Tarnish removers   13

tensile strength improvers

       See:
         Reinforcing agents   250

terminators, chain

       See:
         Chain terminators (polymer technology)   113

tertiary oil recovery agents
       See:
         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)  [General Term!
                                   140

-------
testing agents

       See:

         Analytical and product testing agents   238
         Indicators .  [General Term]

Textile specialties   279

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
         Anticrock agents (dye technology)   291
         Antifelting agents (textile technology)   4
         Antifume agents (textile technology)    12
         Antipilling agents (textile technology)   218
         Antislip finishing agents (textile technology)   352
         Antistaining agents   206
         Antistatic agents   328
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bleaching assistants   304
         Bluing agents   70
         Boil-off assistants (textile technology)   180
         Carbonizing agents (textile technology)   222
         Crabbing assistants (textile technology)   315
         Dechlorinating agents   85
         Degumming agents (textile technology)   365
         Delustrants (textile technology)   102
         Desizing agents   292
         Detergents   173
         Discharge printing agents (textile technology)   356
         Dye carriers   150
         Dye leveling agents   255
         Dye retardants   307
         Dye retention aids   211
         Dye stripping agents   39
         Fixing agents (textile technology)   112
         Flame retardants   332
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Fulling agents (textile technology)   117
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
         Laundry sours   172
         Light stabilizers   285
         Mercerizing assistants (textile technology)   235
         Mordants (textile technology)   227
         Oil repellents   197
         Penetrants   249
         Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering)   78
         Protective agents (textile processing)   106
         Resists (imaging systems)   154
         Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology)   189
         Scouring agents (textile technology)    274
         Scrooping agents (textile technology)   263
         Shrinkage controllers (textile technology)   261
         Sizes   98
            [continued]

                                     141

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         Soaping-off assistants (textile technology)   14
         Softeners   29
         Soil release agents   294
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
         Water repellents   258
         Waterproofing agents   23
         Weighting agents (textile technology)   58
       See also:
         Biocides   [General Term]
         Pesticides   [General Term]
thermal shock modifiers
       See:
         Plastics additives   [General Term]
thermal stabilizers
      • See:
         Heat stabilizers   87
Thickeners   272
       See also:
         Emulsifiers   159
         Gelling agents   221
         Thixotropic agents   334
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
         Viscosity adjusters   135
thinners
       See:
         Solvents   271
Thixotropic agents   334
       See also:
         Gelling agents   221
         Thickeners   272
threshold agents
       See:
         Antiprecipitants   177
tinning agents
       See:
         Fluxing agents   22
         Plating agents   169
                                     142

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tinting agents
       See:
         Coloring agents   [General Term]
Toners (coloring)   225
       See also:
         Dyes   267
         Lakes (coloring)   248
         Pigments   125
transfer agents, chain
       See:
         Chain transfer agents (polymer technology)   141
transformer fluids
       See:
         Functional fluids   [General Term]
Transmission fluids   256
       See also:
         Hydraulic fluids   65
Turbulence suppressors   240
       See also:
         Viscosity adjusters   135
Ultraviolet absorbers   36
       See also:
         Anticracking agents (rubber technology)   277
         Fluorescent agents   20
         Light stabilizers   285
         Phosphorescent agents   203
         Pigments   125
vacuum metallizing agents
       See:
         Coating agents   130
vapor degreasing agents
       See:
         Degreasers   229
                                      143

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Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
       See also:
         Penetrants   249
         Reducers (chemical technology)   244
         Thickeners   272
         Wetting agents   243
Viscosity adjusters   135
       See also:
         Cloud point depressants   260
         Gelling agents   221
         Plasticizers (polymer technology)   185
         Pour point depressants (lubricants)   262
         Softeners   29
         Thickeners   272
         Thixotropic agents   334
         Turbulence suppressors   240
         Viscosity index improvers   15
Viscosity index improvers   15
       See also:
         Viscosity adjusters   135
Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology)   288
       See also:
         Accelerators   321
         Activators (chemical processes)   46
         Crosslinking agents (polymer technology)   228
         Curing agents (polymer technology)   369
wafer masking agents
       See:
         Etching agents   319
         Resists (imaging systems)   154
warp sizes
       See:
         Sizes   98
wash-and-wear finishes
       See:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
                                    144

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washing-off assistants (textile technology)
       See:
         Soaping-off assistants (textile technology)    14
Water repellents   258
       See also:
         Antistaining agents   206
         Oil repellents   197
         Sealants   42
         Soil retardants (textile technology)   7
         Waterproofing agents   23
Water softeners   147
       Use more specific term if appropriate:
         Chelating agents   122
         Complexing agents   [General Term]
         Deionizers   107
         Ion exchange agents   2
         pH control agents   266
         Precipitating agents   151
         Sequestering agents   10
       See also:
         Builders (soap and detergent technology)    [General Term]
Waterproofing agents   23
       See also:
         Currying agents (leather technology)   18
         Sealants   42
         Water repellents   258
water-removal aids
       See:
         Drainage aids (paper technology)   38
         Formation aids (paper technology)   337
Wax strippers   273
       See also:
         Solvents   271
waxing agents
       See:
         Coating agents   130
         Waterproofing agents   23
                                      145

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weed killers

       See:
         Herbicides   275

Weighting agents (petroleum technology)   310

Weighting agents (textile technology)   58

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Fillers (augmentation)   351
         Sizes   98

welding agents

       See:

         Brazing agents (metals)   101

Well treating agents (petroleum production)   35

       Use more specific term if appropriate:

         Antiscaling agents (metals)   64
         Bactericides   333
         Corrosion inhibitors   323
         Demulsifiers   232
         Emulsifiers   159
         Sweeteners (petroleum technology)   138

       See also:

         Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production)   [General Term]
         Surfactants   [General Term]

Wet strength additives (paper technology)   175

       See also:

         Dry strength additives (paper technology)   322

Wetting agents   243

       See also:

         Antifloating agents   41
         Antifogging agents (moisture condensation)   234
         Bleaching agents   132
         Detergents   173
         Dispersants   259
         Internal lubricating agents   148
         Kier boiling assistants (textile technology)   171
         Papermaking agents   [General Term]
         Penetrants   249
         Rinse aids   9
         Textile specialties   [General Term]
         Vat printing assistants (textile technology)   257
                                      146

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whitening agents
       See:
         Bleaching agents   132
         Bluing agents   70
         Fluorescent agents   20
wood pulping agents
       See:
         Delignification agents (wood pulping)   84
wool processing agents
       See:
         Textile specialties   [General Term]  '
wrinkle-resistant finishes
       See:
         Anticreasing agents (textile technology)   48
zeolites
       See:
         Builders (soap and detergent technology)   [General Term]
         Water softeners   [General Term]
                                      147

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