United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances Washington, DC 20460 EPA 560/13-80-0340 August 1980 Toxic Substances EPA Chemical Use Standard Encoding System fChemUSES) Volume 2 Function List and Function List Index ------- CHEMICAL USE STANDARD ENCODING SYSTEM (ChemUSES) Volume II —Function List and Function List Index Final Report July 1980 EPA 560/13-80-034b Prepared by: Eugene C. Coyner Thomas Gibson Arnold J. Millard SRI International Prepared under the direction of: Steven L. Wilhelm John N. Gevertz Jon J. Kaufman Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Contract No. 68-01-4109 — Research Request No. 9 ------- CONTENTS I FUNCTION LIST 1 II INDEX 39 111 ------- I FUNCTION LIST ------- 1 Antifouling agents (surface coating technology) Substances used in marine paints to inhibit growth of barnacles and other organisms. 2 Ion exchange agents Substances used for the reversible interchange of ions (or sometimes inorganic complexes) with an aqueous phase (e.g., zeolites, ion exchange resins, or liquid ion exchangers). 3 Polymer strippers Substances used to remove polymeric coating materials from surfaces (e.g., photoresists from printed circuit boards). 4 Antifelting agents (textile technology) Substances applied to textile fibers to prevent their "felting" or forming a mat during processing. 5 Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement) Substances added to materials (e.g., petroleum products, varnish, and rosin oil) to enhance fluorescence. 6 Blasting abrasives Substances entrained in a high velocity stream used to clean, cut, or finish surfaces. 7 Soil retardants (textile technology) Substances applied to textiles to inhibit the attachment of dirt to the fabric. 8 Poison gas decontaminants Substances used to remove or decompose poison gas. 9 Rinse aids Substances added to a wash bath to remove traces of materials such as soap, contaminants, and residues (e.g., as used in automatic dishwashers). 10 Sequestering agents Substances that combine in an aqueous solution with metallic ions to form a water soluble combination in which the ions are substantially inactive. 11 Rust removers Substances used to remove oxidized iron (rust) from the surface of metals. ------- 12 Antifume agents (textile technology) Substances that prevent deterioration of textiles by atmospheric fumes, particularly those caused by combustion or those with an acid character. 13 Tarnish removers Substances that remove the discoloration of a metal surface due to the formation of a thin film of oxide, sulfide, etc. 14 Soaping-off assistants (textile technology) Substances used to facilitate the removal of unattached dye, dye assistants, or soap after dyeing. 15 Viscosity index improvers Substances used in lubricating and automotive oils to reduce the effect of temperature on their viscosity. 16 Reaction media Substances that act as vehicles for chemical reactions and that do not enter into the reaction themselves. 17 Paper-making agents A general term for substances used in paper manufacture. 18 Currying agents (leather technology) Substances that promote the loading (or penetration) of leather with oils or greases. 19 Catalyst supports Inert substances used to support a catalyst in a reaction system. 20 Fluorescent agents Substances, such as optical brighteners, that emit visible light as a direct consequence of the absorption of shorter wave length radiation such as ultraviolet light. The emission of radiation ceases when the stimulating radiation is discontinued. 21 Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) Substances that prevent scorch and premature vulcanization of rubber prior to reaching vulcanization temperatures. 22 Fluxing agents Substances used to remove oxides from and to clean the surfaces of metals, or to promote the fusion of metals or minerals. ------- 23 Waterproofing agents Substances used to make materials impervious to penetration by water. 24 Nucleating agents Substances that induce mixtures such as liquids, supersaturated solutions, saturated vapors, and polymers to form crystals or droplets, or that modify crystal grain structure, as in metals. 25 Fire extinguishing agents Substances that, when applied to a fire, will smother it. 26 Dust control agents Substances used to control finely divided solid particles of powdered or ground materials to reduce their discharge into the air. 27 Incendiaries Substances that ignite spontaneously upon impact, bursting, or contact. 28 Elasticizers Substances that make a product more elastic (e.g., an additive that contributes elasticity to a resin). 29 Softeners Substances used for softening materials (e.g. , textiles, paper, gums) to improve feel, to facilitate finishing processes, or to impart flexibility or workability. 30 Depolymerization agents Substances used to reduce a polymer's degree of polymerization. 31 Chain extenders (polymer technology) Substances that, in effect, increase the length of a molecular chain by suppressing chain terminating reactions. 32 Fume suppressants (electroplating) Substances used to suppress the formation of fumes resulting from electroplating operations. 33 Latex compounding agents A general category for substances used in compounding latexes. ------- 34 Fertilizers - Substances added to soil to supply chemical elements needed for plant nutrition. 35 Well treating agents (petroleum production) A general term for substances used in the production of oil or gas from underground reservoirs or producing wells. 36 Ultraviolet absorbers Substances added to materials (such as plastics and paints) to protect against the degradative effects of ultraviolet radiation. 37 Metal treating agents A general term for substances used to treat metal or in metal working. 38 Drainage aids (paper technology) Substances that cause a more rapid removal of water from pulp in papermaking. 39 Dye stripping agents Substances used to remove dyes from fabrics so that they can be redyed. 40 Tar removers Substances used to remove tar from a material. 41 Antifloating agents Substances with surface active properties that wet floating or suspended particles, allowing them to disperse or precipitate. 42 Sealants Substances used as coatings or void or joint fillers, primarily to stop passage of matter (e.g., leakage). 43 Prepolymers (polymer technology) Polymeric substances of relatively low molecular weight that can be mixed with additives and hardened by further polymerization during or after a forming or coating process. 44 Drilling mud additives (petroleum production) A general term for substances added to drilling muds to increase the density, reduce viscosity, counteract contaminants, reduce filtrate loss, stabilize shale and clay, and emulsify components of the mud. ------- 45 Radioactivity decontaminants Substances used to remove radioactive substances from surfaces, liquids, gases, or the environment. 46 Activators (chemical processes) Substances that render a material or a system reactive (e.g., catalysts for polymerization or metallic oxides for vulcanization reactions). 47 Air entraining agents Substances, such as natural wood resins, fats, sulfonated compounds, and oils, that promote air entrapment in materials (e.g., in concrete). 48 Anticreasing agents (textile technology) Substances that impart wrinkle resistance to a fabric. 49 Descaling agents (metals) Substances that remove scale (e.g., coatings or crusts of oxides) from the surface of metals in reducing, oxidizing, or electrolytic processes. 50 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) Compressed gases that expand when pressure is reduced, liquids that vaporize or soluble solids that leach out to form a foam or cellular structure (e.g., in a plastic or rubber mass). 51 Scavengers Substances added to a process or product to consume, neutralize, or inactivate small amounts of by-products, degradation products, impurities, etc. 52 Deodorants Substances used to remove, repress, or suppress the formation of undesirable odors. 53 Leaching agents Substances that dissolve and separate a solid from a mixture with an insoluble solid. 54 Stabilizers A general term for substances used as ingredients in formulated products to maintain desired physical and chemical properties. 55 Phosphatizing agents (metals) Substances, used in metal treating, that react with a substrate metal to form a protective insoluble coat of metal phosphate (e.g., to protect a metal surface before applying paint). ------- 56 Flatting agents (surface coatings) Substances added to paints, varnishes, or other coatings to disperse incident light rays, thus reducing the gloss of the dried film and producing a matte finish. 57 Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) A general term for substances that facilitate the recovery of petroleum from wells, as in secondary or tertiary recovery. 58 Weighting agents (textile technology) Substances added to yarn or fabric to increase their weight or to act as a filling agent. 59 Pickling agents (metal technology) Substances, usually acids, used to remove oxides from metal surfaces by an immersion process. 60 Adsorbents Substances that hold or concentrate the atoms, ions, or molecules of liquids, gases, or dissolved substances upon their surfaces. 61 Strippers A general term for substances used to remove unwanted materials (e.g., coatings) from surfaces. 62 Optical quenchers Substances used to neutralize the effect of optical brighteners. 63 Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) Substances added to polymer formulations to reduce adhesion of the surfaces of derived products to each other or to other materials (e.g. , through a slight roughening of that surface). 64 Antiscaling agents (metals) Substances that prevent scale, a thin layer of metal oxides, from forming on metal surfaces. 65 Hydraulic fluids Noncorrosive fluids of low viscosity used to transmit force. 66 Feed additives (animal nutrition) Substances (e.g., amino acids or minerals) added to animal feed to improve nutrition and health. ------- 67 Mar proofing agents (surface coatings) Substances that, when added to coatings compositions, increase the ability of the coating to resist mechanical damage. 68 Antisettling agents Substances added to formulations (e.g., paints, adhesives, plastic emulsions) to preserve the dispersed state of the formulation. 69 Indicators A general term for substances that aid in the detection or determination of condition or composition of other substances, usually by visual means. 70 Bluing agents Substances that whiten substrates by masking the yellow cast. 71 Ripening agents (crops) Substances that promote full development or maturation of fruits and vegetables. 72 Coolants Fluids that, usually without undergoing a phase change, are used to remove heat from materials or exothermic reactions. 73 Dehydrating agents Substances used to remove chemically bound or otherwise associated water from a substance by chemical, catalytic, or other means. 74 Deicers Substances used to remove ice from, or prevent its accumulation on, a surface or in a liquid (e.g., preventing ice formation in fuel lines or carburetors). 75 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) Substances that prevent the agglomeration of resin particles in wood pulping operations. 76 Antiknock agents (fuels) Substances added to fuels to prevent premature ignition in internal combustion engines. 77 Antifreezes Substances added to liquids to lower the freezing point. ------- 78 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) Substances used prior to drycleaning or laundering of textiles to loosen or dissolve soil. 79 Flavors and fragrances Substances used to impart desired flavor and aroma characteristics to foods, cosmetics, confections, tobacco, Pharmaceuticals, etc. 80 Sweeteners (taste) Substances used to impart a sweet taste to food or other products that are ingested or used in the mouth. 81 Deaerating agents Substances used to remove dissolved or entrained gases, (e.g., the use of nitrogen to purge oxygen from solutions). 82 Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) Substances used during petroleum refining processes to remove petroleum wax from refinery streams, especially to separate waxes from oils. 83 Stains (microscopy) Substances used to impart color to preparations for microscopic examination. 84 Delignification agents (wood pulping) Substances that solubilize lignin in wood and facilitate the separation of cellulosic materials. 85 Dechlorinating agents Substances used to remove residual or free chlorine or hypochlorite from materials (i.e. from textiles, wood pulp, water supplies, stack gases). 86 Coloring agents A general term for substances that produce color by selectively absorbing or reflecting light. 87 Heat stabilizers Substances that prevent or retard the degradation of a material by heat. 88 Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings) Substances that prevent the migration of an ingredient of a. mixture to the surface. 89 Electroconductive coating agents Coating substances that render otherwise nonconductive films electroconductive. 10 ------- 90 Anticratering agents (surface coatings) Substances that, when added to paint or coating formulations, prevent formation of small bowl-shaped depressions ("fish eyes" or "alligatoring") in the dried film. 91 Lachrymators Substances that irritate the eyes, causing tearing. 92 Spreaders (plant applications) Substances used to promote the uniform coating and adhesion of agricultural chemicals (except fertilizers) onto plant surfaces. 93 Chemical raw materials A general term for chemical substances used as starting materials for chemical reactions. 94 Frothers Substances that, when added to an agitated or aerated liquid, will promote the formation and stability of a foam or froth. 95 Metal strippers Substances used to remove plated metals from a base metal (e.g., gold plating from copper). 96 Peptizing agents (colloids) Substances that promote colloid dispersion and stabilize hydrophobic colloid solutions (e.g., electrolytes that provide ions that are adsorbed on the particle surfaces). 97 Decontaminants A general term for substances used to remove or destroy hazardous materials or germs. 98 Sizes Substances applied to substrates such as fabric, yarn, paper products, or plaster to increase abrasive resistance, stiffness, strength, smoothness, or reduce absorption. 99 Antifogging agents (imaging systems) Substances used in image forming systems to reduce the formation of "non-image" density. 100 Electron emission agents Substances applied to solids (e.g., electrodes) to promote the emission of electrons. 11 ------- 101 Brazing agents (metals) Substances used in the irreversible joining of metals by a nonferrous alloy at high temperatures. 102 Delustrants (textile technology) Substances used to reduce or eliminate the gloss or sheen on textile fibers, yarns, and fabrics. 103 Initiators (chemical technology) Substances that cause chemical reactions to start and are themselves chemically changed (e.g., organic peroxides used in polymerization reactions). 104 Abherents A general term for substances that reduce or prevent adhesion between two surfaces. 105 Abrasives A general term for substances used for grinding, cleaning, cutting, polishing, or wearing down the surfaces of a solid substance. 106 Protective agents (textile processing) Substances used to protect wool and silk during wet processing. 107 Deionizers Substances used to purify water by removal of both anions and cations. 108 Biocides A general term for substances used to destroy or control unwanted microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and algae. 109 Surfactants A general term for substances used to lower the surface and/or interfacial tension of liquids and promote cleaning, wetting, dispersion, etc. 110 Adhesion promoters Substances used to modify che properties of surfaces to improve their bonding characteristics. Ill Pore forming agents Organic substances added to a pasty mass of inorganic substances that, upon combustion, will leave a porous structure. 12 ------- 112 Fixing agents (textile technology) Substances that react with a dye on a fiber to improve fastness (e.g., diazonium compounds used for aftertreatment of direct dyeings). 113 Chain terminators (polymer technology) Substances that react with the end of a growing polymer chain, stopping growth. 114 Coagulants Substances that induce the aggregation of semisolid particles into coherent clots, curds, or masses (e.g., precipitation of casein from milk). 115 Monomers (polymer technology) Simple, low molecular weight substances possessing a structure that is capable of reacting with itself or with other reactive chemicals to form a polymer. 116 Slime preventatives (paper technology) Substances used to control microorganisms occurring in pulpwood. 117 Fulling agents (textile technology) Substances used to promote the compacting or shrinking of woolens in the fulling process. 118 Preservatives A general term for substances used to protect products from degradation by decay, discoloration, spoilage, insect attack, oxidation, etc. 119 Antiseize agents (lubricants) Substances added to lubricants to inhibit seizing of a metal part as it moves against a metal surface. 120 Antilivering agents (surface coatings) Substances that inhibit the solidification of paints, lacquers, and varnishes during aging. 121 Polymerization additives A general category for chemicals used to effect or to control polymerization processes. 122 Chelating agents Substances that combine by coordinate bonding with a central atom (usually metal) to form one or more cyclic structures. 13 ------- 123 Coupling agents (polymers) Substances that strengthen the bond between the reinforcement and the resin matrix of a composite material. 124 Complexing agents A general term for substances that combine with other chemicals, usually reversibly and by coordinate bonding, to form complex compositions (e.g., coordination compounds, inclusion complexes, and double salts). 125 Pigments Substances, usually insoluble and finely dispersed, most commonly used for optical effects (e.g., coloring, whitening, opacifying). 126 Slime control agents (ore processing) Substances used in ore flotation to prevent small particles of the desired mineral ("fines") from adhering to the bulk gangue (or waste) material. 127 Swelling agents Substances added to a material that cause it to increase in volume and become softer (e.g., a low molecular weight liquid absorbed by rubber). 128 Opacifiers Substances used in products to make them nontransparent; they may also enhance luster, control texture, stabilize color, or promote craze resistance. 129 Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology) Substances added to polymeric materials (e.g., rubber, polyurethane, fibers) to prevent breakdown of the polymeric chain by hydrolysis. 130 Coating agents Substances that form a continuous film over a substrate, 131 Absorbents Substances that assimilate a gas or liquid by various means, such as capillary, osmotic, solvent, or chemical reaction. 132 Bleaching agents Substances that whiten or decolorize materials by oxidation or reduction. 14 ------- 133 Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) Substances that decompose when heated, evolving a gas that forms a foam or cellular structure (e.g., in a plastic or rubber mass). 134 Fixing agents (fragrances) Substances that reduce the volatility of fragrances in perfumes. 135 Viscosity adjusters Substances that, when added to another substance or mixture, will modify its flow characteristics. 136 Retarders (chemical processes) Substances that reduce the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place (e.g., additives for rubber stock to prevent premature cure). 137 Dehairing agents (leather technology) Substances used to remove hair, epidermis, and certain soluble proteins from hides. •138 Sweeteners (petroleum technology) Substances used in natural gas processing or petroleum refinery processes to remove sulfide-containing chemicals and to improve the odor of the product. 139 Pearlizing agents Substances that impart a shiny, opalescent appearance to materials such as plastics and paints. 140 Disinfectants Substances used nonmedicinally to destroy or inhibit microorganisms. 141 Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) Substances that terminate the growth of a molecular chain and form a new radical that can act as the initiator for a new chain. 142 Fluid loss additives (petroleum production) Substances, often a component of drilling muds or fluids, that prevent loss of fluid into the rock formation during petroleum drilling. 143 Binders Cohesive substances (such as resins or cements) used to hold particulate or fibrous materials together or to provide adhesion of such materials to a surface. 15 ------- 144 Parting agents (molding) Substances, usually applied to a mold, that reduce adhesion between the mold and the molded piece, facilitating its removal from the mold. 145 Food additives A general term for substances added to foods to improve potability, nutrition, preservation, or convenience. 146 Inorganic intermediates Inorganic chemicals that are formed and can be isolated at an intermediate step between starting material and the final product in a sequence of chemical processes. 147 Water softeners A general term for substances that remove or inactivate water hardness minerals, principally calcium and magnesium. 148 Internal lubricating agents Substances added to polymers prior to processing to reduce friction, improve flow characteristics, or improve wetting properties. 149 Oxidizers Substances that give up oxygen easily, remove hydrogen from other compounds, or accept electrons in chemical reactions. 150 Dye carriers Substances that increase dye penetration into textile products during processing. 151 Precipitating agents Substances that cause solids to settle from solution or suspension, usually by chemical action. 152 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) Substances that prevent the concentration of pigments at the surface of a paint film. 153 Refining agents (non-petroleum) A general term for substances used to remove impurities during purification processes. 154 Resists (imaging systems) Substances applied as a protective layer to selected areas of a surface to retard or prevent printing, dyeing, or etching of those areas of the surface. 16 ------- 155 Insect attractants Substances that are used to attract insects. 156 Leather processing agents A general term for substances used in the conversion of skins to leather or in posttanning treatments of leather. 157 Enzymes Proteins that accelerate or catalyze the chemical processes converting substrate to product(e.g., enzymes that convert starch to ethyl alcohol). 158 Explosives Substances or mixtures that are characterized by chemical stability but that may be made to undergo rapid chemical change without an outside source of oxygen, rapidly producing a large quantity of energy accompanied by bursting or expansion. 159 Emulsifiers Substances that promote the formation and stability of a suspension of fine particles of a liquid in another liquid. 160 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) Substances added to paints and coatings to prevent the downward movement of a paint film between application and setting. 161 Electrical conductive agents Substances that will conduct electricity. 162 Insulating materials A general term for substances that poorly conduct various forms of energy (e.g., heat, electricity), thereby acting as a barrier to its transmission. 163 Activators (ore processing) Substances added to minerals that have been depressed in a flotation step to increase their susceptibility to subsequent flotation. 164 Carriers (chemical processing) Substances (e.g., an inert gas diluent) that carry another material through a chemical reaction. 165 Stickers Substances that enable applied substances, such as pesticides, to stick or remain on plant surfaces. 17 ------- 166 Animal repellents Substances that drive animals away from the area of application. 167 Cosmetic ingredients A general term for substances used as components in cosmetic and toiletry formulations. 168 Antiozonants Substances used to retard or prevent deterioration caused by ozone. 169 Plating agents Substances used as the source for a layer of metal deposited on another surface, or that aid in such deposition. 170 Catalysts Substances that alter the rate of a chemical reaction but are in their original state at the completion of the reaction. 171 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) Substances used to aid the removal of natural fats and other impurities from cotton or flax materials. 172 Laundry sours Substances used in laundry or textile operations to neutralize residual alkalinity or decompose residual hypochlorite. 173 Detergents Surfactants other than soap used as cleaning agents or as components of formulated cleaning products. 174 Coupling agents (dyes) Substances that react with chemicals, such as diazo compounds, to produce dyes. 175 Wet strength additives (paper technology) Substances used to increase the strength of wet paper and paperboard products. 176 Plastics additives A general term for substances added to protect plastics or to modify their properties for processing or use. 13 ------- 177 Antiprecipitants Substances used to prevent precipitation of inorganic ions or compounds by inhibiting crystal formation, dispersing finely divided particulate matter, or combining with them by forming complexes. 178 Aerosol propellents Compressed or liquified gases within which substances are dissolved or suspended and expelled from a container upon discharge of the internal pressure through the valve of the container and expansion of the gas. 179 Detonators Substances that initiate explosives and are activated by such means as flame, spark, or friction (e.g., explosives in blasting caps). 180 Boil-off assistants (textile technology) Substances that aid in removing soil, which results from processing, from textile products during scouring or boiling. 181 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) Substances added to polymeric materials to increase their resistance to impact. 182 Developers (image formation) Substances used to make visible an exposed, latent photographic image. 183 Deposit modifiers (fuels) Substances that change the amount or character of deposits in combustion chambers. 184 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives Granular substances that may be attached to substrates such as cloth, paper, plastics, wood, and iron, bonded into a three-dimensional object or applied in a loose, granular, or powdered form to grind, clean, polish, or wear down metal, glass, wood, plastics, stone, or other materials. 185 Plasticizers (polymer technology) Substances that impart flexibility or workability to a polymer. 186 Encapsulating agents Substances used to surround or encase solid or liquid matter to isolate it. 19 ------- 187 Rubber for shaping Elastomeric substances capable of being shaped by a forming process such as molding, dipping, or casting. 188 Anticaking agents Substances that prevent granular or particulate materials from sticking or caking during transfer, storage, or use. 189 Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) Substances added to textiles to improve their resistance to abrasion. 190 Flocculating agents Substances that induce the aggregation of suspended solid particles into small clumps or tufts (e.g., aggregation of ore particles during flotation processes). 191 pH indicators Substances used for visual detection of acidity or basicity of solutions. 192 Hormones Substances produced in animals or plants that regulate the activity of certain organs or control processes in other parts of the plant. 193 Greaseproofing agents Oil repellent substances applied to a substrate (e.g., paper) to prevent penetration of the surface by oil or grease. 194 Antiwebbing agents (latex technology) Substances added to latex formulations used for dipping operations that prevent the formation of thin free-standing sheets when the form is removed from the latex. 195 Lubricant additives A general term for substances added to lubricants to improve their properties, such as stability, lubricity, or detergency. 196 Activators (luminescence) Substances, added as impurities to phosphors, that cause or enhance absorption of electromagnetic radiation, resulting in emission at a longer wave length, usually visible. 20 ------- 197 Oil repellents Substances applied to substrates such as textiles to prevent oil wetting. 198 Desensitizers (explosives) Substances that reduce the sensitivity of an explosive to heat or impact. 199 Heat transfer agents A general term for substances used to transmit heat to or remove heat from another material, either directly or indirectly. 200 Denaturants Substances used to deprive substances of their natural properties (e.g., to render ethyl alcohol unfit for human consumption or to modify properties of proteins). 201 Rubber reclaiming agents A general term for substances used to prepare rubber for reuse. 202 Semiconductors (electronics technology) Substances having resistivities that are between those of insulators and metals, and are usually changeable by light, heat or electrical or magnetic field. 203 Phosphorescent agents Substances that continue to emit light after removal of a visible light or other exciting source. 204 Ablatives Substances that are applied to a substrate (e.g., metal) to protect it from heat by dissipating the heat through the process of erosion, melting, or vaporization of the material. 205 Dewatering aids Substances used (e.g., in mining) that reduce the moisture content of filter cake. 206 Antistaining agents Substances used in a manufacturing or processing step to impart stain resistance to or eliminate staining of the finished product. 207 Fiber-forming compounds Substances that are capable of being spun or extruded to make a fiber (e.g., polyester resins, glass). 21 ------- 208 Refrigerants Substances that are used for chilling or maintaining a low temperature, usually by evaporation in a closed loop, requiring compression for liquefaction. 209 Polymerization inhibitors Substances that stop or retard polymerization. 210 Hydrotropic agents Substances used in aqueous media to increase the solubility of sparingly soluble substances (e.g., surfactants). 211 Dye retention aids Substances added to a dye bath to ensure that the dye is retained on the fabric. 212 Fillers (patching) Substances used to fill holes or indentations in wood, plaster, roads, or other surfaces, usually before applying a coating such as paint or varnish. 213 Dehumidifiers Substances used to remove water vapor from gases such as air, (e.g., by absorption or hydrate formation). 214 Acidulants (foods and beverages) Acids used in foods or beverages to impart or enhance taste, prevent browning, aid in controlling microorganisms, etc. 215 Culture nutrients Substances that provide food or energy for the cultured growth of microorganisms. 216 Quenchers (metallurgy) Substances used for the rapid cooling of steel from elevated temperatures, generally by immersion in a liquid. 217 Pickling inhibitors (metal treating) Substances added to materials used as acid pickling agents to retard or prevent the chemical action of the acid on the base metal. 218 Antipilling agents (textile technology) Substances added to textiles during processing or finishing that reduce the tendency of the fibers to "ball up" (pill). ------- 219 Refractive index modifiers Substances used to change the refractive index of other materials. 220 Bright dips (metal treating) Substances in which metals are immersed and may be anodized to produce a bright clean surface by making use of the solution potential of the metal surface in a liquid bath (usually for brightening aluminum, brass, or stainless steel surfaces). 221 Gelling agents Substances that cause liquids to setup into jelly-like semisolids. 222 Carbonizing agents (textile technology) Substances that promote the destruction of cellulosic materials during the processing of wool. 223 Repulping aids (paper technology) Substances that facilitate the mechanical disintegration of reclaimed paper to form a pulp. 224 Plastics for shaping Polymeric substances that can be shaped by a forming process, such as molding, extruding, or drawing. 225 Toners (coloring) Organic pigments that have no inorganic base and are used normally in an organic vehicle. 226 Curing agents (concrete) Substances used to control the rate of cure of mortar or concrete. 227 Mordants (textile technology) Substances, usually a metallic salt or an acid, that fix a dye in or on a substance (e.g., a textile fiber) by combining with the dye to form an insoluble component. 228 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) Substances that promote or regulate the formation of structural links between polymer chains or between polymer molecules and other substances. 229 Degreasers Substances used to remove grease, usually by solvent action or emulsification. 23 ------- 230 Antioxidants Substances that check or retard reactions caused by oxygen or peroxides. 231 Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) Substances used to soften rubber during a reclaiming process by reducing the degree of crosslinking. 232 Demulsifiers Substances used to destroy (break) an emulsion or to prevent its formation. 233 Dusting agents (rubber technology) Substances that are dusted on the surface of rubber objects to reduce their surface tack. 234 Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) Substances used to prevent the condensation of small droplets of moisture on glass or other material, by lowering the surface tension and causing the water to spread in a continuous phase. 235 Mercerizing assistants (textile technology) Substances used in the treatment of cellulosic yarns or fabrics with alkali for improving luster and dye receptivity. 236 Deasphalting agents Substances used to remove traces of asphalt from petroleum streams during petroleum processing. 237 Obscuring agents (chemical smokes) Substances that form a smoke screen and restrict visibility upon dispersal. 238 Analytical and product testing agents Substances used in the analysis or quality control testing of materials (e.g., chemicals, metals, and biological materials). 239 Activators (enzymes) Substances added to stimulate the production of enzymes from proenzymes (e.g., amylase from barley). 240 Turbulence suppressors Substances that reduce friction head losses (i.e., drag) in fluids in motion and between a fluid and a conduit surface. 24 ------- 241 Refractories Substances, usually nonmetallic, that can withstand the high temperatures or action of corrosive solids, liquids, or gases at high temperatures. 242 Cleaners A general term for substances that remove soil or impurities from a surface. 243 Wetting agents Surfactants that, when added to water, cause it to penetrate more easily into, or to spread over the surface of, another material by reducing the surface tension of water. 244 Reducers (chemical technology) Substances that remove oxygen, that hydrogenate, or, in general, that act as electron donors in a chemical reaction. 245 Electrolytes Substances that can provide ionic conductivity when fused or in solution. 246 Humidity indicators .Substances that undergo changes in observable properties to indicate changes in water vapor pressure (humidity). 247 Fuels Substances that evolve energy in a. controlled combustion reaction. 248 Lakes (coloring) Insoluble colorants produced by the reaction of a dye with a mordant (metallic compound). 249 Penetrants Substances used to increase the speed and ease of permeation of a solid by a liquid. 250 Reinforcing agents Substances (usually inert, fibrous materials) used to improve physical properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and tear resistance of materials such as rubber and plastics. 251 Plant growth regulators Substances, not indigenous to plants, that control the rate of growth or maturation of plants, especially fruits and vegetables. 25 ------- 252 Nematocides Substances that destroy or control nematodes and are usually applied to the soil. 253 Pesticides A general term for substances used to kill or control pests, such as insects, weeds, plant pathogens, rodents, etc. 254 Acoustical insulating materials Substances that conduct sound poorly, thus impeding the transmission and reflection of sound. 255 Dye leveling agents Substances used to promote the even dyeing of textiles or paper. 256 Transmission fluids Noncorrosive fluids used as a fluid coupling to transmit power between an engine or motor drive and driven equipment. 257 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) Substances used to carry the dye in vat dye printing of fabrics. 258 Water repellents Substances used to treat various substrates (e.g., textiles, leather or paper) to make them resistant to wetting by water. 259 Dispersants Substances added to a suspending medium to promote and stabilize the uniform dispersion of extremely fine solid particles, often of colloidal size. 260 Cloud point depressants Substances that depress the temperature at which solids begin to separate from a liquid, such as paraffin wax separating from a solution of petroleum oil. 261 Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) Substances added to textiles to reduce contraction resulting from washing or laundering. 262 Pour point depressants (lubricants) Substances, added to lubricating oils, that reduce the temperature at which the oils will flow. 26 ------- 263 Scrooping agents (textile technology) Substances that impart a stiff or harsh feel to textiles, particularly silk. 264 Rodenticides Substances used to kill rodents. 265 Emollients Substances used to make skin soft or supple (e.g., in hand soaps). 266 pH control agents Substances used to change or maintain acidity or basicity. 267 Dyes Substances, usually soluble or dispersible, that add a color to materials by impregnation of or by absorption into the material. 268 Barrier coating agents Substances that, when applied to a permeable surface, prevent the migration of materials. 269 Bates (leather technology) Substances used in the leather industry to remove dehairing chemicals from skins and to make them flaccid prior to tanning. 270 Fumigants Substances used in the gaseous phase to inhibit or kill destructive organisms in harvested crops, food products, and other materials, process and transportation equipment, structures, and soil. 271 Solvents Substances capable of dissolving another substance (solute) to form a uniformly dispersed mixture (solution) at the molecular or ionic level. 272 Thickeners Substances that fona a solid or semisolid dispersion of a fluid lubricant or increase the viscosity of paints, coatings, etc. 273 Wax strippers Substances used to remove wax from surfaces (e.g., floor polish or wax from linoleum). 27 ------- 274 Scouring agents (textile technology) Substances used to remove the natural oils and fats and other impurities from raw wool or wool fabrics, to remove lubricants, sizes or tints from textile products, or to clean fabrics before dyeing. 275 Herbicides Substances used to control or destroy unwanted vegetation such as weeds, grasses, or woody plants. 276 Rust inhibitors Substances used to prevent the formation of iron oxides on ferrous metals and alloys. 277 Anticracking agents (rubber technology) Substances added to rubber to prevent cracking (e.g., sun checking) of the finished product. 278 Coalescents Substances that induce the union of small droplets of a liquid to form larger unit liquid volumes. 279 Textile specialties A general term for substances used in the processing of natural and synthetic fibers, yarns, and fabrics (e.g., in their formation, bleaching, dyeing, finishing, decoration and modification). 280 Tackifiers Substances applied to a surface or added to a compound to increase the tack of a deposited adhesive film. 281 Builders (soap and detergent technology) A general term for substances used with soap or other surfactants to upgrade or protect cleaning efficiency. 282 Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) Substances added to plastic formulations to prevent softening or an increase in flexibility of the plastic. 283 Collectors (ore processing) Substances that adsorb on the surface of mineral particles to provide a water repellent film that improves adherence of the mineral to air bubbles. 284 Finishing agents (textile technology) A general term for substances used to impart specific properties to textiles. 23 ------- 285 Light stabilizers Substances that inhibit the degradation by light of materials such as dyes and polymers. 286 Intensifiers (photography) Substances used in photography to increase the density of an image in a film plate or paper. 287 Algicides Substances used to destroy or control algae. 288 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) Substances used in the vulcanization of rubber to convert rubber hydrocarbon from a thermoplastic to a thermoset. 289 Metal conditioners Substances used to prepare metal surfaces for coating, electroplating, or passivating a chemically active metal surface. 290 Organic intermediates Organic chemicals that are formed and can be isolated at an intermediate step between starting material and the final product in a sequence of chemical processes. 291 Anticrock agents (dye technology) Substances that prevent the color from rubbing off textiles. 292 Desizing agents Substances used to assist in removal of sizes (e.g., removal of starch from textiles). 293 Antiredeposition agents Substances used in laundry and drycleaning products to prevent redeposition of soil. 294 Soil release agents Substances applied to textiles to promote the removal of dirt. 295 Fixatives (photography) Substances that remove unexposed radiation-sensitive salts from developed photographic film and paper. 296 Retention aids (paper technology) Substances used to improve the retention of fillers and fibers in the manufacture of paper products. 29 ------- 297 Flotation agents (ore processing) A general term for substances used in the concentration of ores by flotation processess. 298 Clarifiers A general term for substances that remove turbidity from solutions by modes other than filtration. 299 Desensitizers (photography) Substances used in the manufacture of a photographic emulsion that reduce its sensitivity to light or other radiation. 300 Detackifiers Substances that remove or reduce the adhesive properties of materials. 301 Antiperspirants Substances used to inhibit secretion of sweat. 302 Adhesives Substances used, commonly in thin layers, for bonding one surface to another. 303 Sensitizers (photochemistry) Substances that absorb electromagnetic radiation (e.g. , visible light) and transfer energy to other materials, making them susceptible to chemical change (e.g., activation of photographic emulsions). 304 Bleaching assistants Substances used in a bleach bath to promote penetration by the bleach and improve bleaching action. 305 Soil conditioners Substances added to topsoil to promote growth by changing characteristics such as soil structure, pH, drainage, or anion exchange capacity. 306 Fuel additives A general term for substances added to fuels to enhance their combustion properties, stability, etc. 307 Dye retardants Substances added to a dye bath to slow the rate of dyeing and to prevent rapid exhaustion of the dye. 30 ------- 308 Entraining agents Additives that form an azeotrope with one component of a liquid mixture to aid in otherwise difficult separations by distillation. 309 Deblooming agents Substances added to a material, especially petroleum products, to reduce or eliminate fluorescence of the material. 310 Weighting agents (petroleum technology) Substances that possess high specific gravities and are used to control pressures during petroleum drilling. 311 Electrical insulating materials Substances that conduct electrical energy poorly, thus acting as a barrier to electrical conduction. 312 Slip agents (plastic technology) Substances added to plastics that exude to the surface and act as lubricants, thus improving slip characteristics. 313 Functional fluids A general term for liquids or gases used for one or more operational properties (such as heat transfer, dielectric, hydraulic, lubricant, etc.). 314 Heat insulating materials Substances that conduct heat poorly, thus acting as a barrier to heat conduction. 315 Crabbing assistants (textile technology) Substances that assist in the textile finishing process that sets warp and weft threads. 316 Tanning agents (leather technology) Substances used to treat hides and skins to preserve them and to raise the shrink temperature. 317 Driers Substances that accelerate or control the drying or hardening of formulations such as paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, or sealants. 318 Humectants Hygroscopic substances (e.g., glycerol) used to maintain a desired moisture level in a material. 31 ------- 319 Etching agents Substances used to solubilize, and thus remove, the surface layer of a material, usually unprotected or reactive areas of metal or glass (e.g., as used in metallography, or in manufacture of printing plates or printed circuits). 320 Paint and varnish removers Substances used to remove paints or varnishes from surfaces. 321 Accelerators Substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction, usually acting in conjunction with a catalyst or curing agent. 322 Dry strength additives (paper technology) Substances used to improve the strength of paper products. 323 Corrosion inhibitors Substances used to prevent or retard the gradual destruction of a metal or alloy because of reaction with its environment (such as oxidation, electrolysis, solvent action, or reaction with other chemical agents). 324 Case-hardening agents (metal treating) Substances used in the manufacture of steel to produce a case-hardened surface by absorbing carbon or nitrogen into the alloy (e.g. , from a molten bath (cyaniding) or in contact with ammonia (gas nitriding)). 325 Oxidation-reduction indicators Substances used for visual detection of the degree of oxidation or reduction in chemical reactions. 326 Solubilizing agents Substances that promote the dissolution of sparingly soluble substances in a solvent. 327 Milling aids Substances used to assist in reducing materials to fine particulate matter during grinding. 328 Antistatic agents Substances used with textiles, plastics, elastomers or other materials to reduce the tendency to accumulate electrostatic charges either by being inherently conductive or by absorbing moisture from air. 32 ------- 329 Antifouling agents (petroleum products) Substances added to petroleum products to prevent the formation of sludge deposits. 330 Insecticides Substances used to control insect life harmful to man. 331 Fuel oxidizers Substances that provide the oxygen necessary for the combustion of fuel when oxygen is not normally present (e.g., in the propulsion systems of space vehicles) or that are used to ensure complete combustion of fuel to prevent smoke formation. ' 332 Flame retardants Substances incorporated into or applied to the surface of materials to slow down or to prevent combustion. 333 Bactericides Substances used to destroy bacteria. 334 Thixotropic agents Substances that form a colloidal system that exhibits a reversible reduction in viscosity upon mechanical working and that may be used, for example, to prevent running of paints. 335 Coupling agents (solutions) Substances that facilitate the solution of partially soluble solutes in solvents. 336 Evaporation control agents Substances added to a liquid to reduce evaporation at the liquid surface. 337 Formation aids (paper technology) Substances added to paper pulp stock to promote the uniform formation of paper on the Fourdrinier machine. 338 Rubber compounding agents A general term for substances added to rubber and other elastomeric materials to facilitate processing, enhance their properties, or inhibit deterioration. 339 Odorants Substances used to impart an odor or to mask an unwanted odor. 33 ------- 340 Eluting agents Substances used to desorb material from an adsorbent (e.g., removal of minerals from ion exchange agents). 341 Enzyme inhibitors Substances that inhibit the catalytic activity of enzymes. 342 Defoamers Substances used to reduce or eliminate frothing or foaming in a treatment or process. 343 Antiskinning agents Substances added to a liquid to prevent or retard oxidation or polymerization that re'sults in the formation of a "skin" on the liquid's surface, either during storage in a container or on exposure to air. 344 Photosensitive agents A general term for substances that absorb electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light), resulting in emission of light, dissociation, discoloration, or other chemical reaction, or in energy transfer. 345 Tarnish inhibitors Substances that prevent or retard the discoloration of a metal surface due to the formation of a thin film of oxide, sulfide, etc. 346 Oiliness agents Substances that retard the gumming of vegetable oils while promoting lubrication. 347 Antistripping agents (asphalt) Additives used in asphaltic binders to prevent the separation of binder from aggregate. 348 Insect repellents Substances that drive away insects from the point of application. 349 Water-reducing agents (concrete technology) Substances added to concrete mixtures to allow a reduction in water-cement ratio at a given workability. 350 Antiskid agents Substances incorporated into or applied to the surface of a substrate to prevent slippage (e.g., by increasing surface roughage). 34 ------- 351 Fillers (augmentation) Relatively inert and normally nonfibrous, finely divided substances added to elastomers, plastics, paints, ceramics, etc., usually to extend volume and reduce costs but which may improve desired properties, such as whiteness, lubricity, density, or tensile strength (moderately). 352 Antislip finishing agents (textile technology) Substances applied to textile fibers or yarns to prevent slippage during weaving. 353 Brighteners (electroplating) Substances added to an electroplating bath to yield a smoother, brighter, electroplated surface. 354 Aerating agents Substances that facilitate the impregnation or saturation of a substance (usually a liquid) with air or other gases. 355 Concrete additives A general term for substances added to concrete mixtures to improve processing characteristics or final properties. 356 Discharge printing agents (textile technology) Substances capable of destroying a dye or mordant in a fabric to produce a colorless image upon a colored background. 357 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) Substances added to paints and coatings to promote film formation by temporary plasticization or softening of the vehicle. 358 Blowing agents (polymer technology) A general term for substances added to other materials to produce a foam or a cellular structure by the evolution or the expansion of gases. 359 Intensifiers (printing) Substances used in printing to increase the density of the tone, color, or image. 360 Modifiers (ore processing) A general term for substances that enhance the separation of minerals by causing the particle to accept or reject the collector during ore flotation. 35 ------- 361 Embrittlement inhibitors Substances that prevent or inhibit the loss of ductility of a metal. 362 Fungicides Substances used to control or destroy fungi. 363 Explosion inhibitors Substances used to reduce the explosion potential of flammable materials. 364 Lubricating agents Substances that reduce the friction developed (and the wear) between adjacent solid surfaces, at least one of which is in motion, such as the moving parts of a machine or piece of equipment, promote the flow of dry materials, as in making plastics, or prevent build-up in grooved compactors. 365 Degumming agents (textile technology) Substances used to dissolve and remove gum-like substances from natural fibers, (e.g., sericin, a glue-like substance, from silk). 366 De-inkers (paper technology) Substances used to remove inks, coloring materials, and fillers from paper. 367 Depressants (ore processing) Substances that assist in the separation of minerals when the floatabilities of the minerals to be separated are quite similar for any given promoter. 368 Filtration aids Substances used to prevent clogging of filters by removing particles that would otherwise not pass through the filter. 369 Curing agents (polymer technology) Substances used to change the properties of polymers, especially thermosetting plastics or elastomers, usually by increasing the molecular weight (e.g., by crosslinking, condensation, or addition). 370 Liquid crystals Organic compounds that exist in a transition state between solid and liquid forms and with physical properties (e.g., phase transition in a narrow temperature range) that are often utilized for display purposes. 36 ------- 371 Surface coating additives A general term for substances added to protective or surface coatings such as paints, lacquers, and varnishes, to aid in the compounding or to improve the qualities of the coating (e.g., spreadability, drying, mar resistance, color). 372 Embalming agents Substances used for the preservation of dead bodies, usually human. 373 Extraction agents Substances used to dissolve and facilitate the separation of, usually from mixtures, desired components or unwanted impurities. 374 Reagents A general term for substances used in detection or analysis of other substances, or in chemical reactions for preparing or modifying other substances. 375 Materials for shaping A general term for substances, e.g., metals, waxes or glasses, that can be shaped by a forming process such as molding, blowing, extruding, rolling, drawing, or cutting. 376 Alloying agents Substances incorporated into metals, usually by fusing, to form intimate mixtures having improved properties. 377 X-ray absorbents Substances used to block or attenuate X-rays, e.g., for shielding or medical diagnosis. 378 Photovoltaic agents Substances that generate electromotive force (voltage) upon the incidence of radiant energy (e.g., solar cells). 379 Magnetic agents Substances used for their magnetic or magnetizable properties, e.g., in transformer cores or on magnetic tape. 380 Incandescent agents Substances that are used to emit light at high temperatures; e.g., light bulb filaments. 37 ------- 381 Luminescent agents A general term for substances that emit visible or invisible radiation upon absorption of energy in the form of photons, charged particles, or chemical change. 382 Osmotic membranes Substances commonly used in thin sections, e.g., sheets or hollow fibers, for selective permeation of ions or molecules. 383 Electrode materials Substances that are used in conductive circuits as components (e.g., terminals or plates of batteries, electrolytic cells, or arc welding equipment) that establish contact with a nonmetallic part of the circuit, 998 Function unknown Substances whose function is not known. The actual function may or may not be included in the ChemUSES function list. 999 Functions not found Substances having a known function for which an appropriate term cannot be found by use of the function index and list. Such functions should be described in the report narrative section. 38 ------- II INDEX 39 ------- Abherents 104 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Anticaking agents 188 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Lubricating agents 364 Parting agents (molding) 144 Ablatives 204 Abrasives 105 Use more specific term if appropriate: Blasting abrasives 6 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 Absorbents 131 See also: Adsorbents 60 Dehumidifiers 213 Dehydrating agents 73 Deodorants 52 Humectants 318 Scavengers 51 Solvents 271 absorbers, ultraviolet See: Fluorescent agents 20 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 acaricides See: Insecticides 330 Accelerators 321 See also: Catalysts 170 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Driers 317 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 acid cleaning agents See: Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 41 ------- acidifying agencs See: Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 Laundry sours 172 pH control agents 266 acidity control agents See: Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 pH control agents 266 Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 See also: pH control agents 266 Acoustical insulating materials 254 Activators (chemical processes) 46 See also: Accelerators 321 Catalysts 170 Initiators (chemical technology) 103 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 Activators (enzymes) 239 See also: Catalysts 170 Activators (luminescence) 196 Activators (ore processing) 163 See also: Depressants (ore processing) 367 activators (photochemistry) See: Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 Adhesion promoters 110 See also: Adhesives 302 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Tackifiers 280 42 ------- Adhesives 302 See also: Adhesion promoters 110 Binders 143 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Sealants 42 Tackifiers 280 Adsorbents 60 See also: Absorbents 131 Dehumidifiers 213 Dehydrating agents 73 Deionizers 107 Deodorants 52 Scavengers 51 adsorption indicators See: Indicators [General Term] Aerating agents 354 See also: Air entraining agents 47 Frothers 94 Aerosol propellents 178 Air entraining agents 47 See also: Aerating agents 354 air saturation agents See: Aerating agents 354 alcohol denaturants See: Denaturants 200 Algicides 287 43 ------- alkalinity control agents See: pH control agents 266 alligatoring preventive agents See: Anticratering agents (surface coatings) 90 Alloying agents 376 alloys for shaping See: Materials for shaping [General Term] Analytical and product testing agents 238 See also: Humidity indicators 246 Indicators [General Term] Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 Oxidizers 149 pH indicators 191 Reducers (chemical technology) 244 animal feed supplements See: Feed additives (animal nutrition) 66 Animal repellents 166 See also: Rodenticides 264 anodes See: Electrode materials 383 anodizing agents See: Electrolytes 245 Metal treating agents [General Term] 44 ------- Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 See also: Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Parting agents (molding) 144 Anticaking agents 188 antichecking agents See: Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 antichlors See: Dechlorinating agents 85 anticoagulants See: Dispersants 259 Emulsifiers 159 Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 See also: Antiozonants 168 Light stabilizers 285 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 Anticratering agents (surface coatings) 90 Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 See also: Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 Sizes 98 Anticrock agents (dye technology) 291 See also: Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) 189 antidusting agents See: Dust control agents 26 45 ------- antienzymes See: Enzyme inhibitors 341 Antifelting agents (textile technology) 4 Antifloating agents 41 See also: Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) 160 Dispersants 259 antiflocculants See: Antiprecipitants 177 Antiredeposition agents 293 Antisettling agents 68 Dispersants 259 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) 160 Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings) 88 Dispersants 259 antifoaming agents See: Defoamers 342 Antifogging agents (imaging systems) 99 Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 See also: Coalescents 278 Fume suppressants (electroplating) 32 Antifouling agents (petroleum products) 329 See also: Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 Antifouling agents (surface coating technology) 1 See also: Biocides [General Term] ------- Antifreezes 77 See also: Deicers . 74 antifrosting agents See: Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 antifrothing agents See: Defoamers 342 Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 antigumming agents See: Oiliness agents 346 Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology) 129 anti-icing agents See: Deicers 74 Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 Antilivering agents (surface coatings) 120 See also: Antioxidants 230 Antisettling agents 68 antimatting agents See: Antifelting agents (textile technology) 4 antimicrobials See: Bactericides 333 3iocides [General Term] Disinfectants 140 Fungicides 362 Preservatives [General Term] Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 47 ------- antimigrants See: Dye leveling agents 255 antimist agents See: Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 Fume suppressants (electroplating) 32 Antioxidants 230 See also: Antilivering agent's (surface coatings) 120 Antiozonants 168 Antiskinning agents 343 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Heat stabilizers 87 Polymerization inhibitors 209 Tarnish inhibitors 345 Antiozonants 168 See also: Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 Antioxidants 230 Antiperspirants 301 See also: Deodorants 52 Antipilling agents (textile technology) 218 See also: Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) 189 Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) 282 See also: Reinforcing agents 250 Antiprecipitants 177 See also: Antiredeposition agents 293 Antisettling agents 68 Chelating agents 122 Cloud point depressants 260 Dispersants 259 Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 Sequestering agents 10 48 ------- antipreignition agents See: Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 Antiredeposition agents 293 See also: Antiprecipitants 177 Dispersants 259 Rinse aids 9 antirusting agents See: Rust inhibitors 276 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) 160 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Dispersants 259 Thickeners 272 Thixotropic agents 334 Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 See also: Corrosion inhibitors 323 Descaling agents (metals) 49 Rust inhibitors 276 antiscorch agents See: Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) 21 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Antiseize agents (lubricants) 119 See also: Lubricating agents 364 antiseptics See: Bactericides 333 Biocides [General Term] Disinfectants 140 49 ------- Antisettling agents 68 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Antilivering agents (surface coatings) 120 Antiredeposition agents 293 Dispersants 259 antishrink agents See: Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 antisilking agents See: Antifloating agents 41 Antiskid agents 350 See also: Antislip finishing agents (textile technology) 352 Antiskinning agents 343 See also: Antilivering agents (surface coatings) 120 Antioxidants 230 antislip agents See: Antiskid agents 350 Antislip finishing agents (textile technology) 352 See also: Antiskid agents 350 antisoftening agents See: Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) 282 Antistaining agents 206 See also: Greaseproofing agents 193 Oil repellents 197 Sizes 98 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Water repellents 258 50 ------- anti-stall agents . See: Deicers 74 Antistatic agents 328 See also: Softeners 29 antistick agents See: Abherents [General Term] Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Parting agents (molding) 144 Antistripping agents (asphalt) 347 antitack agents See: Abherents [General Terra] Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Parting agents (molding) 144 antiwear agents See: Fuel additives [General Term] Lubricant additives [General Term] Antiwebbing agents (latex technology) 194 aroma agents See: Flavors and fragrances 79 asphalt additives See: Antistripping agents (asphalt) 347 assistants, dyeing See: Textile specialties [General Term] 51 ------- assistants, textile See: Textile specialties [General Term] attractants, insect See: Insect attracuants 155 auxiliaries, textile See: Textile specialties [General Term] azeotropic agents See: Entraining agents 308 Bactericides 333 See also: Disinfectants 140 Fumigants 270 Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 bacteriological nutrients See: Culture nutrients 215 Barrier coating agents 268 See also: Coating agents 130 Sealants 42 Bates (leather technology) 269 See also: Dehairing agents (leather technology) 137 Softeners 29 beneficiation agents See: Extraction agents 373 Flotation agents (ore processing) [General Term] Ion exchange agents 2 Leaching agents 53 52 ------- Binders 143 See also: Adhesives 302 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Sealants 42 Tackifiers 280 Biocides 108 Use more specific term if appropriate: Algicides 287 Antifouling agents (surface coating technology) 1 Bactericides 333 Disinfectants 140 Fumigants 270 Fungicides 362 Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 See also: Pesticides [General Term] biological media See: Culture nutrients 215 biological stains See: Stains (microscopy) 83 biological testing agents See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 biostats See: Biocides [General Term] Blasting abrasives 6 See also: Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 blasting agents See: Explosives 158 53 ------- bleach renovers See: Dechlorinating agents 85 Bleaching agents 132 See also: De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Bleaching assistants 304 Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement) 5 See also: Fluorescent agents 20 Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings) 88 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Dispersants 259 Blowing agents (polymer technology) 358 Use more specific term if appropriate: Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 blowmolding compounds See: Plastics for shaping 224 Bluing agents 70 See also: Dyes 267 Fluorescent agents 20 bluing agents (steel) See: Metal treating agents [General Term] Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 See also: Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 54 ------- bonding agents See: Adhesives 302 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 bonding promoters See: Adhesion promoters 110 brake fluids See: Hydraulic fluids 65 Brazing agents (metals) 101 See also: Fluxing agents 22 Bright dips (metal treating) 220 See also: Brighteners (electroplating) 353 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 Brighteners (electroplating) 353 See also: Plating agents 169 brighteners See: Fluorescent agents 20 bronzing agents (steel) See: Metal treating agents [General Term] browning agents (steel) See: Metal treating agents [General Term] buffering agents See: pH control agents 266 55 ------- Builders (soap and detergent technology) 281 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiredeposition agents 293 Chelating agents 122 Deionizers 107 Ion exchange agents 2 pH control agents 266 Precipitating agents 151 Sequestering agents 10 See also: Complexing agents [General Term] burning rate modifiers See: Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Accelerators 321 calefactants See: Heat transfer agents [General Term] calendering compounds See: Materials for shaping [General Term] Plastics for shaping 224 Rubber for shaping 187 capacitor fluids See: Electrical insulating materials 311 Functional fluids [General Term] carbonitriding agents See: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 Carbonizing agents (textile technology) 222 carburizing agents See: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 56 ------- Carriers (chemical processing) 164 See also: Catalyst supports 19 Dye carriers 150 Reaction media 16 Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 See also: Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 casting binders (foundry) See: Binders 143 Catalyst supports 19 Catalysts 170 See also: Accelerators 321 Activators (chemical processes) 46 Activators (enzymes) 239 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Driers 317 Enzymes 157 Initiators (chemical technology) 103 cathodes See: Electrode materials 383 cathodizing agents See: Electrode materials 383 caulks See: Sealants 42 cement additives See: Concrete additives [General Term] 57 ------- cement curing agents See: Curing agents (concrete) 226 cetane improvers See: Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 Chain extenders (polymer technology) 31 Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 See also: Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 Polymerization inhibitors 209 Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 See also: Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Polymerization inhibitors 209 Chelating agents 122 See also: Antiprecipitants 177 Complexing agents [General Term] Deionizers 107 Sequestering agents 10 Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 See also: Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 chemical intermediates See: Inorganic intermediates 146 Organic intermediates 290 Chemical raw materials 93 Use more specific term if appropriate: Inorganic intermediates 146 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Organic intermediates 290 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 See also: Reagents [General Term] 53 ------- chemical smoke agents See: Obscuring agents (chemical smokes) 237 chemical switch agents See: Electroconductive coating agents 89 Semiconductors (electron technology) 202 chlorine removers See: Dechlorinating agents 85 circuit run inks See: Electroconductive coating agents 89 Clarifiers 298 Use more specific term if appropriate: Adsorbents 60 Cloud point depressants 260 Coagulants 114 Coalescents 278 Demulsifiers 232 Filtration aids 368 Flocculating agents 190 Hydrotropic agents 210 Precipitating agents 151 Solubilizing agents 326 Solvents 271 See also: Refining agents (non-petroleum) [General Term] Cleaners 242 Use more specific term if appropriate: Absorbents 131 Blasting abrasives 6 Bleaching agents 132 Bright dips (metal treating) 220 Degreasers 229 Descaling agents (metals) 49 Detergents 173 Disinfectants 140 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 [continued] 59 ------- Poison gas decontaminants 8 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Rinse aids 9 Rust removers 11 Scavengers 51 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Solvents 271 Tar removers 40 Tarnish removers 13 See also: Decontaminants [General Term] Strippers [General Term] cleansing agents See: Cleaners [General Term] Detergents 173 clotting agents See: Coagulants 114 Cloud point depressants 260 See also: Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 Coagulants 114 See also: Coalescents 278 Demulsifiers 232 Flocculating agents 190 Precipitating agents 151 Coalescents 278 See also: Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 Coagulants 114 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 Demulsifiers 232 Flocculating agents 190 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 See also: Coalescents 278 Coating agents 130 60 ------- Coating agents 130 See also: Barrier coating agents 268 Binders 143 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 Electroconductive coating agents 89 Encapsulating agents 186 Phosphatizing agents (metals) 55 Sealants 42 Waterproofing agents 23 coenzymes See: Activators (enzymes) 239 cold cleaning agents See: Degreasers 229 cold flow improvers See: Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 Viscosity index improvers 15 Collectors (ore processing) 283 See also: Depressants (ore processing) 367 colloid stabilizers See: Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 color masking agents See: Bluing agents 70 Fluorescent agents 20 Coloring agents 86 Use more specific term if appropriate: Bluing agents 70 Dyes 267 Fluorescent agents 20 Lakes (coloring) 248 • Pigments 125 [continued] 61 ------- Stains (microscopy) 83 Toners (coloring) 225 combustion improvers See: Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 combustion modifiers See: Accelerators 321 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Complexing agents 124 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiprecipitants 177 Chelating agents 122 Deionizers 107 Sequestering agents 10 See also: Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Water softeners [General Terra] Concrete additives 355 Use more specific term if appropriate: Accelerators 321 Aerating agents 354 Air entraining agents 47 Curing agents (concrete) 226 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Waterproofing agents 23 Water-reducing agents (concrete technology) 349 concrete curing agents See: Curing agents (concrete) 226 conditioners, soil See: Soil conditioners 305 conductive agents See: Electrical conductive agents 161 Heat transfer agents [General Term] 62 ------- conductivity promoters See: Antistatic agents 328 Electrical conductive agents 161 conductors See: Electrical conductive agents 161 Electrode materials 383 Electrolytes 245 Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 control agents, pH See: Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 pH control agents 266 pH indicators 191 control agents See: Indicators [General Term] Coolants 72 See also: Antifreezes 77 Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 Refrigerants 208 coordinating agents See: Complexing agents [General Term] Corrosion inhibitors 323 See also: Antioxidants 230 Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Embrittlement inhibitors 361 Pickling inhibitors (metal treating) 217 Refractories 241 Rust inhibitors 276 Tarnish inhibitors 345 63 ------- Cosmetic ingredients 167 Use more specific term if appropriate: Aerosol propellents 178 Antiperspirants 301 Antisettling agents 68 Bactericides 333 Coating agents 130 Deodorants 52 Detergents 173 Disinfectants 140 Dyes 267 Emollients 265 Emulsifiers 159 Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 Flavors and fragrances 79 Frothers 94 Fungicides 362 Gelling agents 221 Humectants 318 Hydrotropic agents 210 Odorants 339 Opacifiers 128 Pearlizing agents 139 Pigments 125 Softeners 29 Solvents 271 Thickeners 272 Viscosity adjusters 135 See also: Coloring Agents [General Term] Preservatives [General Term] Stabilizers [General Term] Surfactants [General Term] cosurfactants See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Coupling agents (dyes) 174 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 See also: Reinforcing agents 250 64 ------- Coupling agents (solutions) 335 See also: Emulsifiers 159 Hydrotropic agents 210 Solubilizing agents 326 Solvents 271 Crabbing assistants (textile technology) 315 crack fillers See: Sealants 42 crease-resistant finishes See: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 See also: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 Catalysts 170 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Driers 317 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 crystal distortion agents See: Antiprecipitants 177 crystallization agents See: Nucleating agents 24 crystallization inhibitors See: Antiprecipitants 177 Culture nutrients 215 Curing agents (concrete) 226 See also: Accelerators 321 65 ------- Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 See also: Accelerators 321 Catalysts 170 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Driers 317 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 Currying agents (leather technology) 18 cutting agents See: Blasting abrasives 6 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 cutting fluids See: Coolants 72 Functional fluids [General Terra] cyaniding agents See: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 deactivators, enzyme See: Enzyme inhibitors 341 deactivators, metal See: Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Sequestering agents 10 Deaerating agents 81 See also: Defoamers 342 Scavengers 51 Deasphalting agents 236 See also: Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 Deblooming agents 309 66 ------- debonding agents (paper technology) See: Dispersants 259 decelerators See: Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Dechlorinating agents 85 See also: Reducers (chemical technology) 244 Scavengers 51 Decontaminants 97 Use more specific term if appropriate: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Bactericides 333 Deodorants 52 Disinfectants 140 Fumigants 270 Poison gas decontaminants 8 Radioactivity decontaminants 45 Scavengers 51 Solvents 271 See also: Biocides [General Term] Cleaners [General Term] dedusting agents See: Dust control agents 26 deflocculants See: Antiprecipitants 177 Dispersants 259 Defoamers 342 See also: Deaerating agents 81 Demulsifiers 232 67 ------- defoliants See: Herbicides 275 degassing agents See: Deaerating agents 81 Scavengers 51 deglossing agents See: Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 Degreasers 229 See also: Detergents 173 Metal conditioners 289 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Solvents 271 Degumming agents (textile technology) 365 See also: Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Dehairing agents (leather technology) 137 See also: Bates (leather technology) 269 Dehumidifiers 213 See also: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Dehydrating agents 73 Dehydrating agents 73 See also: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology) 129 Dehumidifiers 213 68 ------- dehydrogenation catalysts See: Catalysts 170 Deicers 74 See also: Antifreezes 77 De-inkers (paper technology) 366 See also: Bleaching agents 132 Desizing agents 292 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 Deionizers 107 See also: Adsorbents 60 Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Ion exchange agents 2 Precipitating agents 151 Sequestering agents 10 Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 delustrants (surface coatings) See: Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 Delustrants (textile technology) 102 See also: Fillers (augmentation) 351 Opacifiers 128 Pigments 125 Sizes 98 demineralizers See: Deionizers 107 Ion exchange agents 2 Water softeners [General Terra] 69 ------- Demulsifiers 232 See also: Coagulants 114 Coalescents 278 Defoamers 342 Flocculating agents 190 Precipitating agents 151 Denaturants 200 Deodorants 52 See also: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Antiperspirants 301 Flavors and fragrances 79 Odorants 339 Refining agents (non-petroleum) [General Terai] Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 deodorizing agents See: Bleaching agents 132 deoxygenators See: Scavengers 51 depitching agents See: Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Depolymerization agents 30 See also: Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 231 Polymerization inhibitors 209 Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 See also: Antifouling agents (petroleum products) 329 Fuel oxidizers 331 70 ------- Depressants (ore processing) 367 See also: Activators (ore processing) 163 Collectors (ore processing) 283 Descaling agents (metals) 49 See also: Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 Desensitizers (explosives) 198 See also: Explosion inhibitors 363 Desensitizers (photography) 299 See also: Light stabilizers 285 Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 desiccants See: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Dehumidifiers 213 Dehydrating agents 73 Desizing agents 292 See also: De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 desorbers See: Eluting agents 340 desulfurizing agents See: Extraction agents 373 Refining agents (non-petroleum) [General Term] Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 71 ------- Detackifiers 300 See also: Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Driers 317 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Lubricating agents 364 Parting agents (molding) 144 detergent builders See: Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Detergents 173 See also: Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 Degreasers 229 Dispersants 259 Emulsifiers 159 Hydrotropic agents 210 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Penetrants 249 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Rinse aids 9 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Soaping-off assistants (textile technology) 14 Tar removers 40 Wetting agents 243 detonation inhibitors See: Explosion inhibitors 363 Detonators 179 See also: Explosives 158 developers (dyes) See: Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Developers (image formation) 182 See also: Fixatives (photography) 295 Intensifiers (photography) 286 72 ------- Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 231 See also: Depolymerization agents 30 Dewatering aids 205 See also: Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 See also: Deasphalting agents 236 diagnostic testing agents See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 die lubricants See: Lubricating agents 364 dielectrics See: Electrical insulating materials 311 Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 dilatant liquids See: Thixotropic agents 334 diluents See: Fillers (augmentation) 351 Solvents 271 dipping agents (latexes) See: Latex compounding agents [General Terra] Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 discharging agents (silk degumming) See: Degumming agents (textile technology) 365 73 ------- Disinfectants 140 See also: Bactericides 333 Cleaners [General Term] Detergents 173 Fungicides 362 disintegrating agents See: Milling aids 327 Dispersants 259 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Antiprecipitants 177 Antiredeposition agents 293 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) 160 "Antisettling agents 68 Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings) 88 Detergents 173 Dye leveling agents 255 Emulsifiers 159 Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Rinse aids 9 Wetting agents 243 doctor sweetening agents See: Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 dog repellents See: Animal repellents 166 dope sizes See: Sizes 98 Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 See also: Dewatering aids 205 Flocculating agents 190 [continued] 74 ------- Formation aids (paper technology) 337 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 drawing compounds See: Lubricating agents 364 dressing sizes See: Sizes 98 Driers 317 See also: Catalysts 170 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Detackifiers 300 Drilling mud additives (petroleum production) 44 Use more specific term if appropriate: Bactericides 333 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Defoamers 342 Dispersants 259 Emulsifiers 159 Flocculating agents 190 Fluid loss additives (petroleum production) 142 pH control agents 266 Viscosity adjusters 135 Weighting agents (petroleum technology) 310 See also: Surfactants [General Term] dry cleaning solvents See: Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Solvents 271 Dry strength additives (paper technology) 322 See also: Wet strength additives (paper technology) 175 drying agents See: Absorbents 131 [continued] 75 ------- Adsorbents 60 Dehumidifiers 213 Dehydrating agents 73 dulling agents See: Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 Dust control agents 26 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 See also: Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Detackifiers 300 Parting agents (molding) 144 Dye carriers 150 dye discharging agents See: Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 dye fixing agents See: Dye retention aids 211 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Lakes (coloring) 248 Mordants (textile technology) 227 dye intensifiers See: Fluorescent agents 20 dye intermediates See: Coupling agents (dyes) 174 Dye leveling agents 255 See also: Dye retardants 307 Dye retardants 307 See also: Dye leveling agents 255 76 ------- Dye retention aids 211 See also: Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Mordants (textile technology) 227 Dye stripping agents 39 See also: Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 dye transfer inhibitors See: Anticrock agents (dye technology) 291 dyeing assistants See: Dye carriers 150 Dye leveling agents 255 Dye retardants 307 Dye retention aids 211 dyeing resists See: Resists (imaging systems) 154 Dyes 267 See also: Bluing agents 70 Coupling agents (dyes) 174 Fluorescent agents 20 Lakes (coloring) 248 Pigments 125 Stains (microscopy) 83 Toners (coloring) 225 dynamiting agents (textile technology) See: Weighting agents (textile technology) 53 easy-care finishes See: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 43 77 ------- Elasticizers 28 See also: Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Electrical conductive agents 161 See also: Antistatic agents 328 Electroconductive coating agents 89 Electrode materials 383 Electrolytes 245 Electron emission agents 100 Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 Electrical insulating materials 311 See also: Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 Slectroconductive coating agents 89 See also: Antistatic agents 328 Electron emission agents 100 Electrode materials 383 See also: Electrical conductive agents 161 Electrolytes 245 See also: Electrical conductive agents 161 Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 electroplating agents See: Brighteners (electroplating) 353 Fume suppressants (electroplating) 32 Metal treating agents [General Term] Plating agents 169 electroplating resists See: Resists (imaging systems) 154 78 ------- electropolishing agents See: Electrolytes 245 Metal treating agents [General Term] Eluting agents 340 See also: Extraction agents 373 Solvents 271 Embalming agents 372 Embrittlement inhibitors 361 emission agents, electron See: Electron emission agents 100 Emollients 265 See also: Softeners 29 Emulsifiers 159 See also: Antistripping agents (asphalt) 347 Coupling agents (solutions) 335 Detergents 173 Dispersants 259 emulsion breakers See: Demulsifiers 232 emulsion desensitizers See: Desensitizers (photography) 299 Encapsulating agents 186 See also: Coating agents 130 79 ------- engine coolants See: Functional fluids [General Term] Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) 57 Use more specific term if appropriate: Aerating agents 354 Demulsifiers 232 Emulsifiers 159 Solvents 271 Viscosity adjusters 135 See also: Surfactants [General Term] Well treating agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Entraining agents 308 See also: Aerating agents 354 Air entraining agents 47 Carriers (chemical processing) 164 enzyme indicators See: Indicators [General Term] Enzyme inhibitors 341 Enzymes 157 See also: Bates (leather technology) 269 Etching agents 319 Evaporation control agents 336 Explosion inhibitors 363 See also: Desensitizers (explosives) 198 explosion primers See: Detonators 179 80 ------- Explosives 158 See also: Detonators 179 Incendiaries 27 extenders, chain See: Chain extenders (polymer technology) 31 extenders See: Fillers (augmentation) 351 extinguishing agents See: Fire extinguishing agents 25 extract printing agents See: Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 Extraction agents 373 See also: Deasphalting agents 236 Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 Eluting agents 340 Leaching agents 53 Solubilizing agents 326 Solvents 271 extreme pressure additives See: Lubricant additives [General Term] extruding materials See: Materials for shaping [General Term] extrusion compounds See: Plastics for shaping 224 81 ------- eye irritants See: Lachrymators 91 fabric softeners See: Antistatic agents 328 Softeners 29 Feed additives (animal nutrition) 66 See also: Hormones 192 feedstocks See: Chemical raw materials [General Term] felting agents See: Fulling agents (textile technology) 117 fertilizer conditioners See: Anticaking agents 188 Fertilizers 34 Fiber forming compounds 207 See also: Plastics for shaping 224 fiber retention aids See: Retention aids (paper technology) 296 filament-forming compounds See: Fiber forming compounds 207 filler removers See: De-inkers (paper technology) 366 [continued] 32 ------- Desizing agents 292 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 filler retention aids See: Retention aids (paper technology) 296 Fillers (augmentation) 351 See also: Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Opacifiers 128 Pigments 125 Reinforcing agents 250 Sizes 98 Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 Fillers (patching) 212 See also: Sealants 42 film-forming agents See: Binders 143 Coating agents 130 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Sealants 42 filter aids See: Filtration aids 368 filter cake aids See: Dewatering aids 205 filtrate reducers See: Fluid loss additives (petroleum production) 142 Filtration aids 368 See also: Flocculating agents 190 83 ------- Finishing agents (textile technology) 284 Use more specific term if appropriate: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 Antipilling agents (textile technology) 218 Antislip finishing agents (textile technology) 352 Antistaining agents 206 Antistatic agents 328 Bluing agents 70 Crabbing assistants (textile technology) 315 Flame retardants 332 Fluorescent agents 20 Fluxing agents 22 Greaseproofing agents 193 Mercerizing assistants (textile technology) 235 Oil repellents 197 Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) 189 Scrooping agents (textile technology) 263 Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 Sizes 98 Softeners 29 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Water repellents 258 Waterproofing agents 23 Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 See also: Biocides [General Term] Textile specialties [General Term] Fire extinguishing agents 25 See also: Flame retardants 332 fire retardants See: Fire extinguishing agents 25 Flame retardants 332 fireproofing agents See: Fire extinguishing agents 25 Flame retardants 332 84 ------- fireworks See: Explosives 158 Incendiaries 27 "fish eyes" preventatives See: Anticratering agents (surface coatings) 90 Fixatives (photography) 295 See also: Developers (image formation) 182 Intensifiers (photography) 286 fixators See: Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 See also: Flavors and fragrances 79 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 See also: Dye retention aids 211 Mordants (textile technology) 227 Flame retardants 332 See also: Fire extinguishing agents 25 flameproofing agents See: Fire extinguishing agents 25 Flame retardants 332 flares See: Incendiaries 27 'Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 85 ------- Flavors and fragrances 79 See also: Deodorants 52 Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 Odorants 339 Flocculating agents 190 See also: Coagulants 114 Filtration aids 368 Formation aids (paper technology) 337 Precipitating agents 151 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 Slime control agents (ore processing) 126 \ Flotation agents (ore processing) 297 Use more specific term if appropriate: Activators (ore processing) 163 Collectors (ore processing) 283 Depressants (ore processing) 367 Dewatering aids 205 Flocculating agents 190 Frothers 94 pH control agents 266 Slime control agents (ore processing) 126 See also: Modifiers (ore processing) [General Term] flow improvers (liquids) See: Turbulence suppressors 240 Viscosity adjusters 135 Fluid loss additives (petroleum production) 142 fluidizers See: Viscosity adjusters 135 fluorescence inhibitors See: Deblooming agents 309 Optical quenchers 62 86 ------- Fluorescent agents 20 See also: Bloom agents (fluorescence enhancement) Optical quenchers 62 Phosphorescent agents 203 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 Fluxing agents 22 foam forming compounds See: Plastics for shaping 224 Rubber for shaping 187 foam reducers See: Defoamers 342 foam stabilizers See: Frothers 94 foaming agents See: Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 Drilling mud additives (petroleum production) [General Term] Frothers 94 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 Food additives 145 Use more specific term if appropriate: Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 Antioxidants 230 Antisettling agents 68 Emulsifiers 159 Enzymes 157 Flavors and fragrances 79 Gelling agents 221 Humectants 318 Sequestering agents 10 Softeners 29 Sweeteners (taste) 80 Thickeners 272 Viscosity adjusters 135 See also: 87 ------- Preservatives [General Term] Stabilizers [General Term] Surfactants [General Term] Formation aids (paper technology) 337 See also: Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Flocculating agents 190 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 foundry casting binders See: Binders 143 foundry fluxes See: Fluxing agents 22 fragrances See: Deodorants 52 Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 Flavors and fragrances 79 Odorants 339 freezing point depressants See: Antifreezes 77 Deicers 74 friction reducers See: Lubricant additives [General Term] Frothers 94 See also: Aerating agents 354 Fuel additives 306 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antifouling agents (petroleum products) 329 Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 Antioxidants 230 Bactericides 333 Corrosion inhibitors 323 [continued] 88 ------- Deicers 74 Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 Dyes 267 Fuel oxidizers 331 Scavengers 51 fuel oils See:. Fuels 247 Fuel oxidizers 331 See also: Deposit modifiers (fuels) 183 Fuels 247 Fulling agents (textile technology) 117 Fume suppressants (electroplating) 32 See also: Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 Fumigants 270 See also: Bactericides 333 Fungicides 362 Insect repellents 348 Insecticides 330 Nematocides 252 Rodenticides 264 Functional fluids 313 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antifreezes 77 Coolants 72 Electrical insulating materials 311 Hydraulic fluids 65 Lubricating agents 364 Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 Refrigerants 208 Transmission fluids 256 See also: Heat transfer agents [General Term] 89 ------- Fungicides 362 See also: Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 galvanizing agents See: Plating agents 169 gas fading inhibitors See: Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 gas scrubbing agents See: Absorbents 131 Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 gasoline additives See: Fuel additives [General Term] gasolines See: Fuels 247 Gelling agents 221 See also: Thickeners 272 Thixotropic agents 334 Viscosity adjusters 135 getters See: Scavengers 51 glass for shaping See: Materials for shaping [General Term] gloss control agents See: Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 90 ------- glues See: Adhesives 302 granulating agents See: Anticaking agents 188 Binders 143 Dust control agents 26 Greaseproofing agents 193 See also: Antistaining agents 206 Oil repellents 197 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 grinding aids See: Milling aids 327 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 See also: Blasting abrasives 6 growth regulators, plant See: Plant growth regulators 251 hair removing agents See: Dehairing agents (leather technology) 137 hardeners See: Alloying agents 376 Case-hardening agents 324 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Fixatives (photography) 295 heat dissipating agents See: Ablatives 204 Heat transfer agents [General Term] 91 ------- Heat insulating materials 314 See also: Ablatives 204 Heat stabilizers 87 Refractories 241 heat sealing agents See: Adhesion promoters 110 Adhesives 302 Heat stabilizers 87 See also: Ablatives 204 Antioxidants 230 Heat insulating materials 314 Heat transfer agents 199 Use more specific term if appropriate: Ablatives 204 Antifreezes 77 Coolants 72 Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 Refrigerants 208 See also: Functional fluids [General Term] heavy metal antagonists See: Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Fuel additives [General Term] Sequestering agents 10 heavy oil recovery agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Herbicides 275 See also: Algicides 287 Plant growth regulators 251 92 ------- high explosives See: Explosives 158 high pressure stabilizers See: Lubricant additives [General Term] Hormones 192 Humectants 318 See also: Antistatic agents 328 Humidity indicators 246 hydration prevention agents See: Adsorbents 60 Dehumidifiers 213 Dehydrating agents 73 Hydraulic fluids 65 See also: Lubricating agents 364 Transmission fluids 256 hydrogenation catalysts See: Catalysts 170 Hydrotropic agents 210 See also: Coupling agents (solutions) 335 Solubilizing agents 326 hygroscopic agents See: Antistatic agents 328 Humectants 318 hypochlorite removers See: Dechlorinating agents 85 93 ------- immersion fluids See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 See also: Elasticizers 28 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Reinforcing agents 250 Incandescent agents 380 See also: Luminescent agents [General Term] Incendiaries 27 See also: Explosives 158 Indicators 69 / Use more specific term if appropriate: Humidity indicators 246 Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 pH indicators 191 inflating agents See: Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 inhibitors See: Antioxidants 230 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Polymerization inhibitors 209 Preservatives [General Term] Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) 21 Stabilizers [General Term] Initiators (chemical technology) 103 See also: Activators (chemical processes) 46 Catalysts 170 Detonators 179 94 ------- injection molding compounds See: Plastics for shaping 224 ink intensifiers See: Intensifiers (printing) 359 ink removers See: De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Inorganic intermediates 146 See also: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Organic intermediates 290 Reagents [General Term] Insect attractants 155 See also: Insect repellents 348 Insecticides 330 Insect repellents 348 See also: Fumigants 270 Insect attractants 155 Insecticides 330 Insecticides 330 See also: Fumigants 270 Insect attractants 155 Insect repellents 348 Nematocides 252 Insulating materials 162 Use more specific term if appropriate: Ablatives 204 Acoustical insulating materials 254 Electrical insulating materials 311 Heat insulating materials 314 95 ------- Intensifiers (photography) 286 See also: Developers (image formation) 182 Fixatives (photography) 295 Intensifiers (printing) 359 Intensifiers (printing) 359 See also: Intensifiers (photography) 286 intermediates See: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Inorganic intermediates 146 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Organic intermediates 290 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Reagents [General Term] Internal lubricating agents 148 See also: Parting agents (molding) 144 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Slip agents (plastics technology) 312 Ion exchange agents 2 See also: Deionizers 107 Soil conditioners 305 ion exchange liquids See: Ion exchange agents 2 jet fuel additives See: Fuel additives [General Term] joint fillers See: Sealants 42 96 ------- Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 See also: Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 laboratory chemicals See: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Indicators [General Term] Inorganic intermediates 146 Organic intermediates 290 Oxidizers 149 Reaction media 16 Reagents [General Term] Reducers (chemical technology) 244 Solvents 271 Lachrymators 91 Lakes (coloring) 248 See also: Dye retention aids 211 Dyes 267 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Mordants (textile technology) 227 Pigments 125 Toners (coloring) 225 laminating agents See: Adhesives 302 Coating agents 130 Plastics for shaping 224 lapping agents See: Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 Latex compounding agents 33 Use more specific term if appropriate: Accelerators 321 Activators (chemical processes) 46 Antioxidants 230 Antiozonants 168 Antiwebbing agents (latex technology) 194 Catalysts 170 Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 [continued] 97 ------- Defoamers 342 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Gelling agents 221 Parting agents (molding) 144 Pigments 125 Softeners 29 See also: Polymerization additives [General Term] laundering agents See: Antistatic agents 328 Bleaching agents 132 Bluing agents 70 Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Detergents 173 Fluorescent agents 20 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Rinse aids 9 Softeners 29 Laundry sours 172 Leaching agents 53 See also: Extraction agents 373 Solvents 271 lead scavengers See: Fuel additives [General Term] Scavengers 51 leak testing fluids See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Leather processing agents 156 Use more specific term if appropriate: Bates (leather technology) 269 Coating agents 130 Currying agents (leather technology) 18 Degreasers 229 Dehairing agents (leather technology) 137 Desizing agents 292 [continued] 98 ------- Dyes 267 Emollients 265 Enzymes 157 Greaseproofing agents 193 Oil repellents 197 Penetrants 249 Pigments 125 Softeners 29 Tanning agents (leather technology) 316 Water repellents 258 Waterproofing agents 23 leveling agents See: Thixotropic agents 334 light sensitizers See: Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 Light stabilizers 285 See also: Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 Desensitizers (photography) 299 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 light-emitting agents See: Fluorescent agents 20 Luminescent agents [General Term] Phosphorescent agents 203 lignin stabilizers See: Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 Liquid crystals 370 liquids, ion exchange See: Ion exchange agents 2 liquifying agents See: Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 99 ------- loading agents See: Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 Lubricant additives 195 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antioxidants 230 Antiseize agents (lubricants) 119 Chelating agents 122 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Defoamers 342 Detergents 173 Lubricating agents 364 Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 Viscosity index improvers 15 lubricants See: Lubricating agents 364 Lubricating agents 364 See also: Anticaking agents 188 Antiseize agents (lubricants) 119 Currying agents (leather technology) 18 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Internal lubricating agents 148 Parting agents (molding) 144 Penetrants 249 Slip agents (plastics technology) 312 lubricating oil additives See: Lubricant additives [General Term] luminescence activators See: Activators (luminescence) 196 Luminescent agents 381 Use more specific term if appropriate: Fluorescent agents 20 Phosphorescent agents 203 See also: Incandescent agents 380 100 ------- Magnetic agents 379 Mar proofing agents (surface coatings) 67 marine paint additives See: Antifouling agents (surface coating technology) 1 masking agents See: Deodorants 52 Flavors and fragrances 79 Odorants 339 Materials for shaping 375 Use more specific term if appropriate: Alloying agents 376 Fiber forming compounds 207 Plastics for shaping 224 Rubber for shaping 187 maturation agents See: Ripening agents (crops) 71 media, reaction See: Reaction media 16 melting fluxes See: Fluxing agents 22 membranes, osmotic See: Osmotic membranes 382 Mercerizing assistants (textile technology) 235 Metal conditioners 289 See also: Degreasers 229 Metal treating agents [General Term] Phosphatizing agents (metals) 55 101 ------- metal deactivaCors See: Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Fuel additives [General Term] Sequestering agents 10 metal degreasing agents See: Degreasers 229 metal pigments See: Pigments 125 Metal strippers 95 Metal treating agents 37 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Brazing agents (metals) 101 Bright dips (metal treating) 220 Brighteners (electroplating) 353 Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Degreasers 229 Descaling agents (metals) 49 Embrittlement inhibitors 361 Etching agents 319 Fluxing agents 22 Fume suppressants (electroplating) 32 Metal conditioners 289 Phosphatizing agents (metals) 55 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 Pickling inhibitors (metal treating) 217 Plating agents 169 Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 Rust inhibitors 276 metals for shaping See: Materials for shaping [General Term] micellar flooding agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] 102 ------- microemulsion flooding agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] mildewcide See: Fungicides 362 Milling aids 327 mineral processing agents See: Flotation agents (ore processing) [General Term] Leaching agents 53 miticides See: Insecticides 330 Modifiers (ore processing) 360 Use more specific term if appropriate: Activators (ore processing) 163 Depressants (ore processing) 367 Dispersants 259 pH control agents 266 See also: Flotation agents (ore processing) [General Term] modifiers, refractive index See: Refractive index modifiers 219 modifiers (rubber) See: Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 moisture indicators See: Humidity indicators 246 103 ------- moisturizers See: HumecCants 318 mold construction materials See: Materials for shaping [General Term] mold inhibitors See: Fungicides 362 mold release agents See: Parting agents (molding) 144 mold washes See: Lubricating agents 364 Parting agents 144 molding compounds See: Latex compounding agents [General Term] Plastics for shaping 224 Rubber for shaping 187 molding materials See: Materials for shaping [General Term] Monomers (polymer technology) 115 See also: Organic intermediates 290 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Mordants (textile technology) 227 See also: Dye retention aids 211 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Lakes (coloring) 248 104 ------- mortar additives See: Concrete additives mothproofing agents See: Insect repellents 348 Insecticides 330 motor oil additives See: Lubricant additives [General Term] [General Term] mucilages See: Adhesives Nematocides ' 252 See also: 302 Fumigants 270 Insecticides 330 neutralizing agents See: Laundry sours 172 pH control agents 266 nitriding agents See: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) nonconductors See: Electrical insulating materials 311 Insulating materials [General Term] Nucleating agents 24 nutrients See: 324 Culture nutrients Fertilizers 34 215 105 ------- Obscuring agents (chemical smokes) 237 See also: Opacifiers 128 occlusion agents (paper technology) See: Retention aids (paper technology) 296 octane improvers See: Antiknock agents (fuels) 76 odor control agents See: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 Decontaminants [General Term] Deodorants 52 Fixing agents (fragrances) 134 Flavors and fragrances 79 Odorants 339 Odorants 339 See also: Deodorants 52 Flavors and fragrances 79 oil additives See: Lubricant additives [General Term] oil recovery agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Oil repellents 197 See also: Antistaining agents 206 Greaseproofing agents 193 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Water repellents 258 106 ------- Oiliness agents 346 See also: Lubricating agents 364 Opacifiers 128 See also: Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Obscuring agents (chemical smokes) 237 Pigments 125 Sizes 98 opalescence enhancers See: Pearlizing agents 139 optical brighteners See: Bluing agents 70 Fluorescent agents 20 Optical quenchers 62 See also: Fluorescent agents 20 ore processing agents See: Dewatering aids 205 Extraction agents 373 Flotation agents (ore processing) [General Term] Ion exchange agents 2 Leaching agents 53 Milling aids 327 Organic intermediates 290 See also: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Coupling agents (dyes) 174 Inorganic intermediates 146 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Osmotic membranes 382 107 ------- oxidation catalysts See : Catalysts 170 oxidation inhibitors See: , Antioxidants 230 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Tarnish inhibitors 345 Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 See also: Oxidizers 149 Reducers (chemical technology) 244 oxide removers See: Descaling agents (metals) 49 Rust removers 11 Oxidizers 149 See also: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Fuel oxidizers 331 Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 Reducers (chemical technology) 244 oxidizers, fuel See: Fuel oxidizers 331 ozonation inhibitors See: Antiozonants 168 packer fluids See: Well treating agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Paint and varnish removers 320 paint fillers See: Fillers (augmentation) 351 108 ------- paint strippers See: Paint and varnish removers 320 Papennaking agents 17 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiskid agents 350 Binders 143 Biocides [General Term] Bleaching agents 132 Bluing agents 70 Dechlorinating agents 85 Defoamers 342 De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 Desizing agents 292 Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Dry strength additives (paper technology) 322 Dyes 267 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Fluorescent agents 20 Fungicides 362 Greaseproofing agents 193 Lubricant additives [General Term] Oil repellents 197 Opacifiers 128 Optical quenchers 62 Penetrants 249 pH control agents 266 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Reinforcing agents 250 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 Sizes 98 Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 Softeners 29 Water repellents 258 Wet strength additives (paper technology) 175 Parting agents (molding) 144 See also: Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Internal lubricating agents 148 Lubricating agents 364 109 ------- paint strippers See: Paint and varnish removers 320 Papermaking agents 17 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiskid agents 350 Binders 143 Biocides [General Term] Bleaching agents 132 Bluing agents 70 Dechlorinating agents 85 Defoamers 342 De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 Desizing agents 292 Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Dry strength additives (paper technology) 322 Dyes 267 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Fluorescent agents 20 Fungicides 362 Greaseproofing agents 193 Lubricant additives [General Term] Oil repellents 197 Opacifiers 128 Optical quenchers 62 Penetrants 249 pH control agents 266 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Reinforcing agents 250 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 Sizes 98 Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 Softeners 29 Water repellents 258 Wet strength additives (paper technology) 175 Parting agents (molding) 144 See also: Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Detackifiers 300 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Internal lubricating agents 148 Lubricating agents 364 110 ------- passivating agents See: Metal conditioners 289 patching compounds See: Fillers (patching) 212 Pearlizing agents 139 See also: Pigments 125 Penetrants 249 See also: Currying agents (leather technology) 18 Dye carriers 150 Lubricant additives [General Term] Tanning agents (leather technology) 316 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 Wetting agents 243 peptides See: Enzymes 157 Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 See also: Antiprecipitants 177 Dispersants 259 Softeners 29 peptizing agents (rubber) See: Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 231 perfumes See: Flavors and fragrances 79 peroxidation inhibitors See: Antioxidants 230 111 ------- Pesticides 253 Use more specific term if appropriate: Algicides 287 Animal repellents 166 Bactericides 333 Fumigants 270 Fungicides 362 Herbicides 275 Insect attractants 155 Insect repellents 348 Insecticides 330 Nematocides 252 Plant growth regulators 251 Rodenticides 264 Spreaders (plant applications) 92 Stickers 165 See also: Biocides [General Term] petroleum lubricants See: Lubricant additives [General Term] petroleum processing agents See: Deasphalting agents 236 Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 pH control agents 266 See also: Acidulants (foods and beverages) 214 Laundry sours 172 pH indicators 191 pH indicators 191 See also: pH control agents 266 pH regulators See: pH control agents 266 112 ------- pheromones See: Insect attractants 155 Phosphatizing agents (metals) 55 See also: Plating agents 169 phosphor activators See: Activators (luminescence) 196 Phosphorescent agents 203 See also: Fluorescent agents 20 photoactivators See: Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 photodesensitizers See: Desensitizers (photography) 299 photoelectric agents See: Photosensitive agents [General Term] photographic chemicals See: Antifogging agents (imaging systems) 99 Antistatic agents 328 Bleaching agents 132 Chelating agents 122 Coagulants 114 Desensitizers (photography) 299 Developers (image formation) 182 Fixatives (photography) 295 Intensifiers (photography) 286 Photosensitive agents [General Term] Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 113 ------- photopolymers See: Photosensitive agents [General Term] photoresists See: Resists (imaging systems) 154 Photosensitive agents 344 Use more specific term if appropriate: Fluorescent agents 20 Phosphorescent agents 203 Photovoltaic agents 378 Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 photosensitizers See: Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 Photovoltaic agents 378 See also: Photosensitive agents (General Term] Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 See also: Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 physiological control agents See: Hormones 192 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 See also: Bright dips (metal treating) 220 Descaling agents (metals) 49 Pickling inhibitors (metal treating) 217 Rust removers 11 Pickling inhibitors (metal treating) 217 See also: Corrosion inhibitors 323 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 114 ------- pigment binders See: Binders 143 Pigments 125 See also: Corrosion inhibitors 323 Coupling agents (dyes) 174 Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Dyes 267 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Lakes (coloring) 248 Opacifiers 128 Pearlizing agents 139 Reinforcing agents 250 Sizes 98 Toners (coloring) 225 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Plant growth regulators 251 plant hormones See: Hormones 192 plant nutrients See: Fertilizers 34 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 See also: Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 Depolymerization agents 30 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Internal lubricating agents 148 Softeners 29 Swelling agents 127 Viscosity adjusters 135 Plastics additives 176 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology) 129 Antioxidants 230 Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) 282 [continued] 115 ------- Antistatic agents 328 Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Dyes 267 Elasticizers 28 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Flame retardants 332 Fluorescent agents 20 Heat stabilizers 87 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Internal lubricating agents 148 Light stabilizers 285 Lubricating agents 364 Nucleating agents 24 Opacifiers 128 Parting agents (molding) 144 Pearlizing agents 139 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 Pigments 125 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Reinforcing agents 250 Slip agents (plastics technology) 312 Softeners 29 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 Plastics for shaping 224 See also: Fiber forming compounds 207 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Plating agents 169 See also: Brighteners (electroplating) 353 Phosphatizing agents (metals) 55 Poison gas decontaminants 8 See also: Decontaminants [General Term] polish removers See: Wax strippers 273 116 ------- polishing agents See: Blasting abrasives 6 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 Rust inhibitors 276 Rust removers 11 Tarnish inhibitors 345 Tarnish removers 13 polymer flooding agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Polymer strippers 3 Polymerization additives 121 Use more specific term if appropriate: Activators (chemical processes) 46 Catalysts 170 Chain extenders (polymer technology) 31 Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Driers 317 Emulsifiers 159 Initiators (chemical technology) 103 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Photosensitive agents [General Term] Polymerization inhibitors 209 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 See also: Latex compounding agents [General Term] Plastics additives [General Term] Rubber compounding agents [General Term] polymerization catalysts See: Catalysts 170 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Initiators (chemical technology) 103 Polymerization inhibitors 209 See also: Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 [continued] 117 ------- Depolymerization agents 30 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 polymerization intermediates See: Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 Pore forming agents 111 potting compounds See: Encapsulating agents 186 Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 See also: Antifreezes 77 Viscosity index improvers 15 Precipitating agents 151 See also: Adsorbents 60 Antifloating agents 41 Cloud point depressants 260 Coagulants 114 Deionizers 107 Demulsifiers 232 Flocculating agents 190 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 Prepolymers (polymer technology) 43 See also: Coating agents 130 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Organic intermediates 290 Plastics for shaping 224 Preservatives 118 Use more specific term if appropriate: Animal repellents 166 Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 Antioxidants 230 Antiozonants 168 Bactericides 333 Disinfectants 140 Embalming agents 372 Fungicides 362 [continued] 118 ------- Heat stabilizers 87 Insect repellents 348 Light stabilizers 285 Scavengers 51 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 See also: Pesticides [General Term] Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 See also: Degreasers 229 Detergents 173 Solvents 271 press oils See: Lubricating agents 364 Parting agents (molding) 144 pressure molding compounds See: Plastics for shaping 224 Rubber for shaping 187 Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) 21 See also: Polymerization inhibitors 209 prilling agents See: Anticaking agents 188 Binders 143 primers, explosion See: Detonators 179 primers, flash lamp See: Initiators (chemical technology) 103 printing assistants (textile technology) See: Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 119 ------- printing intensifiers See: Intensifiers (printing) 359 printing resists See: Resists (imaging systems) 154 proenzymes See: Activators (enzymes) 239 promoters, adhesion See: Adhesion promoters 110 propellants See: Explosives 158 propellents, aerosol See: Aerosol propellents 178 Protective agents (textile processing) 106 protective coatings additives See: Surface coating additives [General Term] protein denaturants See: Denaturants 200 proteins See: Enzymes 157 Feed additives (animal nutrition) 66 pulp retention aids See: Retention aids (paper technology) 296 120 ------- pulping agents See: Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 purging agents See: Deaerating agents 81 purification agents See: Refining agents (non-petroleum) [General Term] pyrotechnics See: Incendiaries 27 quality control agents See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Quenchers (metallurgy) 216 See also: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 quenchers, optical See: Optical quenchers 62 radiation absorbents See: Fluorescent agents 20 Light stabilizers 285 X-ray absorbents 377 radiation curing agents See: Curing agents 369 radiation sensitizers See: Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 121 ------- Radioactivity decontaminants 45 See also: Decontaminants [General Term] rainmaking agents See: Nucleating agents 24 rat killers See: Rodenticides 264 raw materials See: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Reaction media 16 See also: Carriers (chemical processing) 164 Solvents 271 Reagents 374 Use more specific term if appropriate: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Dechlorinating agents 85 Indicators [General Term] Inorganic intermediates 146 Organic intermediates 290 Oxidizers 149 Reducers (chemical technology) 244 See also: Chemical raw materials [General Term] reclaiming agents, rubber See: Rubber reclaiming agents [General Term] reclaiming aids (paper pulp) See: Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 122 ------- Reducers (chemical technology) 244 See also: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Dechlorinating agents 85 Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 Oxidizers 149 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 reduction catalysts See: Catalysts 170 reduction indicators See: Oxidation-reduction indicators 325 Refining agents (non-petroleum) 153 Use more specific term if appropriate: Adsorbents 60 Coagulants 114 Eluting agents 340 Extraction agents 373 Flocculating agents 190 Ion exchange agents 2 Leaching agents 53 Precipitating agents 151 Scavengers 51 Solvents 271 See also: Clarifiers [General Term] Refractive index modifiers 219 Refractories 241 Refrigerants 208 See also: Coolants 72 regeneration agents See: Eluting agents 340 123 ------- regenerators, pH See: pH control agents 266 Reinforcing agents 250 See also: Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) 282 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Pigments 125 Sizes 98 release agents See: Detackifiers 300 Parting agents (molding) 144 reodorants See: Deodorants 52 Flavors and fragrances 79 Odorants 339 repellents See: Animal repellents 166 Antistaining agents 206 Greaseproofing agents 193 Insect repellents 348 Oil repellents 197 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Water repellents 258 reprocessing agents See: Rubber reclaiming agents [General Term] Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 See also: De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Desizing agents 292 124 ------- reserving agents (dye technology) See: Resists (imaging systems) 154 resin curing agents See: Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 resins, ion exchange See: Deionizers 107 Ion exchange agents 2 Water softeners [General Term] Resists (imaging systems) 154 res trainers (photographic chemistry) See: Antifogging agents (imaging systems) 99 retardants, flame See: Flame retardants 332 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 See also: Polymerization inhibitors 209 retarders (lacquer drying) See: Evaporation control agents 336 retarders (textile technology) See: Dye retardants 307 Retention aids (paper technology) 296 See also: Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Flocculating agents 190 Formation aids (paper technology) 337 125 ------- retention aids (textile technology) See: Dye retention aids 211 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Mordants (textile technology) 227 revetting agents See: Wetting agents 243 Theological control additives See: Drilling mud additives [General Term] Gelling agents 221 Thixotropic agents 334 Viscosity adjusters 135 Rinse aids 9 See also: Antiredeposition agents 293 Dispersants 259 Wetting agents 243 Ripening agents (crops) 71 Rodenticides 264 See also: Animal repellents 166 Fumigants 270 rosin control additives See: Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 rotproofing agents See: Fungicides 362 roughening agents See: Antiskid agents 350 126 ------- Rubber compounding agents 338 Use more specific term if appropriate: Accelerators 321 Activators (chemical processes) 46 Antiblocking agents (polymer technology) 63 Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 Antioxidants 230 Antiozonants 168 Antistatic agents 328 Catalysts 170 Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Chemical blowing agents (polymer technology) 133 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Coupling agents (polymers) 123 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 Dusting agents (rubber technology) 233 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Flame retardants 332 Heat stabilizers 87 Initiators (chemical technology) 103 Parting agents (molding) 144 Physical blowing agents (polymer technology) 50 Pigments 125 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) 21 Reinforcing agents 250 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Softeners 29 Swelling agents 127 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 See also: Polymerization additives [General Term] Rubber for shaping 187 Rubber reclaiming agents 201 Use more specific term if appropriate: Depolymerization agents 30 Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 231 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Softeners 29 Solvents 271 Swelling agents 127 Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) 189 See also: Anticrock agents (dye technology) 291 Antipilling agents (textile technology) 218 127 ------- Rust inhibitors 276 See also: Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Rust removers 11 Rust removers 11 See also: Bright dips (metal treating) 220 Descaling agents (metals) 49 Pickling agents (metal technology) 59 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Solvents 271 Tarnish removers 13 salt baths (heat treating) See: Heat transfer agents [General Term] sanding agents See: Blasting abrasives 6 Grinding, lapping, sanding and polishing abrasives 184 sanitizers See: Bactericides 333 Biocides [General Term] Cleaners [General Term] Detergents 173 Disinfectants 140 scale inhibitors See: Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 scale removers See: Descaling agents (metals) 49 Scavengers 51 See also: Absorbents 131 Adsorbents 60 [continued] 128 ------- Deaerating agents 81 Dechlorinating agents 85 scorch inhibitors See: Prevulcanization inhibitors (rubber technology) 21 Retarders (chemical processes) 136 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 See also: Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 Degreasers 229 Degumming agents (textile technology) 365 Desizing agents 292 Detergents 173 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Scrooping agents (textile technology) 263 See also: Sizes 98 scrubbing agents See: Absorbents 131 Sealants 42 See also: Adhesives 302 Barrier coating agents 268 Binders 143 Coating agents 130 Fillers (patching) 212 Sizes 98 Water repellents 258 Waterproofing agents 23 secondary oil recovery agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] sediment inhibitors See: Dispersants 259 129 ------- Semiconductors (electronics technology) 202 See also: Electrical conductive agents 161 Photovoltaic agents 378 semiperaeable membranes See: Osmotic membranes 382 Sensitizers (photochemistry) 303 See also: Desensitizers (photography) 299 Photosensitive agents [General Term] Sequestering agents 10 See also: Antiprecipitants 177 Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Deionizers 107 settling agents See: Glarifiers [General Term] Coagulants 114 Flocculating agents 190 Precipitating agents 151 shale control inhibitors See: Drilling mud additives (petroleum production) [General Term] shaping, materials for See: Materials for shaping [General Term] shortstop See: Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 See also: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 130 ------- shrinking agents See: Fulling agents (textile technology) 117 shrink-resistant finishing agents See: Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 size removal agents See: Desizing agents 292 size setting agents See: Binders 143 Sizes 98 Sizes 98 See also: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 Antistaining agents 206 Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Opacifiers 128 Pigments 125 Reinforcing agents 250 Scrooping agents (textile technology) 263 Sealants 42 Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 skidproofing agents See: Antiskid agents 350 skin-softening agents See: Bates (leather technology) 269 Emollients 265 slasher sizes See: Sizes 98 131 ------- Slime control agents (ore processing) 126 See also: Flocculating agents 190 Slime preventatives (paper technology) 116 See also: Bactericides 333 Fungicides 362 Slip agents (plastics technology) 312 See also: Internal lubricating agents 148 slip finishing agents See: Mar proofing agents (surface coatings) 67 slip-proofing agents See: Antiskid agents 350 slow release agents See: Encapsulating agents 186 sludge inhibitors See: Antifouling agents (petroleum products) 329 slushing compounds See: Metal treating agents [General Term] smoke retardants See: Flame retardants 332 smoke screens See: Obscuring agents (chemical smokes) 237 132 ------- soaking agents See: Wetting agents 243 soap builders See: Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Soaping-off assistants (textile technology) 14 Softeners 29 See also: Antistaining agents 206 Bates (leather technology) 269 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 Devulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 231 Emollients 265 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Swelling agents 127 Water softeners ' [General Term] softeners, water See: Water softeners [General Term] Soil conditioners 305 See also: Ion exchange agents 2 Soil release agents 294 See also: Antistaining agents 206 Greaseproofing agents 193 Oil repellents 197 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 soil removers See: Cleaners [General Term] Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 See also: Antistaining agents 206 [continued] 133 ------- Greaseproofing agents 193 Oil repellents 197 Soil release agents 294 Water repellents 258 soil suspending agents See: Antiredeposition agents 293 soldering agents See: Brazing agents (metals) 101 Fluxing agents 22 SoLubilizing agents 326 See also: Coupling agents (solutions) 335 Hydrotropic agents 210 Solvents 271 solvent desphalting agents See: Deasphalting agents 236 Solvents 271 See also: Absorbents 131 Coupling agents (solutions) 335 Deasphalting agents 236 Degreasers 229 Dewaxing solvents (petroleum technology) 82 Eluting agents 340 Extraction agents 373 Hydrotropic agents 210 Leaching agents 53 Paint and varnish removers 320 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Reaction media 16 Rust removers 11 Solubilizing agents 326 Strippers [General Term] Swelling agents 127 Tar removers 40 Wax strippers 273 134 ------- sound insulation See: Acoustical insulating materials 254 sours See: Laundry sours 172 spackling compounds See: Fillers (patching) 212 specialties, textile See: Textile specialties [General Term] specific gravity adjusters See: Weighting agents (petroleum technology) 310 spotting agents See: Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Spreaders (plant applications) 92 See also: Pesticides [General Term] Stickers 165 sputtering agents See: Coating agents 130 Stabilizers 54 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 Antihydrolysis agents (polymer technology) 129 Antioxidants 230 Antiozonants 168 Emulsifiers 159 Frothers 94 Heat stabilizers 87 Light stabilizers 285 Peptizing agents (colloids) 96 [continued] 135 ------- Polymerization inhibitors 209 Scavengers 51 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 See also: Preservatives [General Term] stabilizers, heat See: Heat stabilizers 87 stain removers See: Cleaners [General Term] stain repellents See: Antistaining agents 206 Greaseproofing agents 193 Oil repellents 197 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Stains (microscopy) 83 See also: Dyes 267 starch improvers See: Binders 143 Complexing agents 124 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 48 Reagents [General Term] Sizes 98 starting materials See: Chemical raw materials [General Term] Inorganic intermediates 146 Monomers (polymer technology) 115 Organic intermediates 290 static reducers See: Antistatic agents 328 136 ------- steel hardening agents See: Case-hardening agents (metal treating) 324 sterilizers See: Bactericides 333 Biocides [General Term] Disinfectants 140 Preservatives [General Term] Stickers 165 See also: Pesticides [General Term] Spreaders (plant applications) 92 stiffening agents See: Antiplasticizers (polymer technology) 282 Reinforcing agents 250 Scrooping agents (textile technology) 263 Sizes 98 strength additives See: Dry strength additives (paper technology) 322 Impact modifiers (polymer technology) 181 Wet strength additives (paper technology) 175 Strippers 61 Use more specific term if appropriate: Degumming agents (textile technology) 365 De-inkers (paper technology) 366 Desizing agents 292 Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 Dye stripping agents 39 Metal strippers 95 Paint and varnish removers 320 Polymer strippers 3 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Solvents 271 Tar removers 40 Wax strippers 273 See also: Cleaners [General Term] 137 ------- structural components See: Materials for shaping [General Term] suds control agents See: Defoamers 342 sulfidizers See: Modifiers (ore processing) [General Term] superfatting agents See: Emollients 265 supplements, feed See: Feed additives (animal nutrition) 66 supports, catalyst See: Catalyst supports 19 suppressors, turbulence See: Turbulence suppressors 240 Surface coating additives 371 Use more specific term if appropriate: Anticratering agents (surface coatings) 90 Antifloating agents 41 Antiflooding agents (surface coatings) 152 Antifouling agents (surface coating technology) 1 Antilivering agents (surface coatings) 120 Antisagging agents (surface coatings) 160 Antisettling agents 68 Binders 143 Bloom inhibitors (surface coatings) 88 Coalescing agents (surface coatings) 357 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Dispersants 259 Fillers (augmentation) 351 Flatting agents (surface coatings) 56 Fungicides 362 [continued] 138 ------- Mar proofing agents (surface coatings) 67 Pearlizing agents 139 Pigments 125 Solvents 271 Thickeners 272 Thixotropic agents 334 Surfactants 109 Use more specific term if appropriate: Aerating agents 354 Antifloating agents 41 Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 Antiredeposition agents 293 Antistripping agents (asphalt) 347 Antiwebbing agents (latex technology) 194 Bleaching assistants 304 Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 Coalescents 278 Demulsifiers 232 Detergents 173 Dispersants 259 Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Emulsifiers 159 Evaporation control agents 336 Formation aids (paper technology) 337 Frothers 94 Hydrotropic agents 210 Internal lubricating agents 148 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Mercerizing assistants (textile technology) 235 Penetrants 249 Pitch control agents (wood pulping) 75 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Repulping aids (paper technology) 223 Rinse aids 9 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 Wetting agents 243 suspending agents See: Antiprecipitants 177 Antiredeposition agents 293 Antisettling agents 68 Dispersants 259 Emulsifiers 159 Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 See also: Deodorants 52 139 ------- Sweeteners (caste) 80 Swelling agents 127 See also: Dye carriers 150 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Softeners 29 Tackifiers 280 See also: Adhesion promoters 110 Adhesives 302 Binders 143 Tanning agents (leather technology) 316 See also: Bates (leather technology) 269 Currying agents (leather technology) 18 Dehairing agents (leather technology) 137 Leather processing agents [General Term] Penetrants 249 Tar removers 40 Tarnish inhibitors 345 See also: Antioxidants 230 Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Tarnish removers 13 tensile strength improvers See: Reinforcing agents 250 terminators, chain See: Chain terminators (polymer technology) 113 tertiary oil recovery agents See: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term! 140 ------- testing agents See: Analytical and product testing agents 238 Indicators . [General Term] Textile specialties 279 Use more specific term if appropriate: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 Anticrock agents (dye technology) 291 Antifelting agents (textile technology) 4 Antifume agents (textile technology) 12 Antipilling agents (textile technology) 218 Antislip finishing agents (textile technology) 352 Antistaining agents 206 Antistatic agents 328 Bleaching agents 132 Bleaching assistants 304 Bluing agents 70 Boil-off assistants (textile technology) 180 Carbonizing agents (textile technology) 222 Crabbing assistants (textile technology) 315 Dechlorinating agents 85 Degumming agents (textile technology) 365 Delustrants (textile technology) 102 Desizing agents 292 Detergents 173 Discharge printing agents (textile technology) 356 Dye carriers 150 Dye leveling agents 255 Dye retardants 307 Dye retention aids 211 Dye stripping agents 39 Fixing agents (textile technology) 112 Flame retardants 332 Fluorescent agents 20 Fulling agents (textile technology) 117 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Laundry sours 172 Light stabilizers 285 Mercerizing assistants (textile technology) 235 Mordants (textile technology) 227 Oil repellents 197 Penetrants 249 Pre-spotting agents (drycleaning and laundering) 78 Protective agents (textile processing) 106 Resists (imaging systems) 154 Rubbing fastness agents (textile technology) 189 Scouring agents (textile technology) 274 Scrooping agents (textile technology) 263 Shrinkage controllers (textile technology) 261 Sizes 98 [continued] 141 ------- Soaping-off assistants (textile technology) 14 Softeners 29 Soil release agents 294 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 Water repellents 258 Waterproofing agents 23 Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 See also: Biocides [General Term] Pesticides [General Term] thermal shock modifiers See: Plastics additives [General Term] thermal stabilizers • See: Heat stabilizers 87 Thickeners 272 See also: Emulsifiers 159 Gelling agents 221 Thixotropic agents 334 Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 Viscosity adjusters 135 thinners See: Solvents 271 Thixotropic agents 334 See also: Gelling agents 221 Thickeners 272 threshold agents See: Antiprecipitants 177 tinning agents See: Fluxing agents 22 Plating agents 169 142 ------- tinting agents See: Coloring agents [General Term] Toners (coloring) 225 See also: Dyes 267 Lakes (coloring) 248 Pigments 125 transfer agents, chain See: Chain transfer agents (polymer technology) 141 transformer fluids See: Functional fluids [General Term] Transmission fluids 256 See also: Hydraulic fluids 65 Turbulence suppressors 240 See also: Viscosity adjusters 135 Ultraviolet absorbers 36 See also: Anticracking agents (rubber technology) 277 Fluorescent agents 20 Light stabilizers 285 Phosphorescent agents 203 Pigments 125 vacuum metallizing agents See: Coating agents 130 vapor degreasing agents See: Degreasers 229 143 ------- Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 See also: Penetrants 249 Reducers (chemical technology) 244 Thickeners 272 Wetting agents 243 Viscosity adjusters 135 See also: Cloud point depressants 260 Gelling agents 221 Plasticizers (polymer technology) 185 Pour point depressants (lubricants) 262 Softeners 29 Thickeners 272 Thixotropic agents 334 Turbulence suppressors 240 Viscosity index improvers 15 Viscosity index improvers 15 See also: Viscosity adjusters 135 Vulcanizing agents (rubber technology) 288 See also: Accelerators 321 Activators (chemical processes) 46 Crosslinking agents (polymer technology) 228 Curing agents (polymer technology) 369 wafer masking agents See: Etching agents 319 Resists (imaging systems) 154 warp sizes See: Sizes 98 wash-and-wear finishes See: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 144 ------- washing-off assistants (textile technology) See: Soaping-off assistants (textile technology) 14 Water repellents 258 See also: Antistaining agents 206 Oil repellents 197 Sealants 42 Soil retardants (textile technology) 7 Waterproofing agents 23 Water softeners 147 Use more specific term if appropriate: Chelating agents 122 Complexing agents [General Term] Deionizers 107 Ion exchange agents 2 pH control agents 266 Precipitating agents 151 Sequestering agents 10 See also: Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Waterproofing agents 23 See also: Currying agents (leather technology) 18 Sealants 42 Water repellents 258 water-removal aids See: Drainage aids (paper technology) 38 Formation aids (paper technology) 337 Wax strippers 273 See also: Solvents 271 waxing agents See: Coating agents 130 Waterproofing agents 23 145 ------- weed killers See: Herbicides 275 Weighting agents (petroleum technology) 310 Weighting agents (textile technology) 58 Use more specific term if appropriate: Fillers (augmentation) 351 Sizes 98 welding agents See: Brazing agents (metals) 101 Well treating agents (petroleum production) 35 Use more specific term if appropriate: Antiscaling agents (metals) 64 Bactericides 333 Corrosion inhibitors 323 Demulsifiers 232 Emulsifiers 159 Sweeteners (petroleum technology) 138 See also: Enhanced oil recovery agents (petroleum production) [General Term] Surfactants [General Term] Wet strength additives (paper technology) 175 See also: Dry strength additives (paper technology) 322 Wetting agents 243 See also: Antifloating agents 41 Antifogging agents (moisture condensation) 234 Bleaching agents 132 Detergents 173 Dispersants 259 Internal lubricating agents 148 Kier boiling assistants (textile technology) 171 Papermaking agents [General Term] Penetrants 249 Rinse aids 9 Textile specialties [General Term] Vat printing assistants (textile technology) 257 146 ------- whitening agents See: Bleaching agents 132 Bluing agents 70 Fluorescent agents 20 wood pulping agents See: Delignification agents (wood pulping) 84 wool processing agents See: Textile specialties [General Term] ' wrinkle-resistant finishes See: Anticreasing agents (textile technology) 48 zeolites See: Builders (soap and detergent technology) [General Term] Water softeners [General Term] 147 ------- |