CONSTRUCTION GRANTS PROGRAM VOLUMEll
INFORMATION
EPA-430/9-76-017b
appendixes 1-7
FEDERAL GUIDELINES
STATE AND LOCAL
PRETREATMENT PROGRAMS
JANUARY 1977
U.S.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION DIVISION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
MCD-43
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS PROGRAM VOLUME II
INFORMATION
EPA-430/9-76-017B
appendixes 1-7
FEDERAL GUIDELINES
STATE AND LOCAL
PRETREATMENT PROGRAMS
JANUARY 1977
U.S.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION DIVISION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
MCD-43
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FOREWORD
In response to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (P.L. 92-500), this country has undertaken an unprecedented
program of cleaning up our Nation's waters. There will be a substantial
investment by Federal, State, and. local governments as well as by private
industry in treatment works to achieve the goals of the Act. It is
important that this investment in publicly owned treatment works (POTW's)
be protected from- damage and from interference with proper operation,
and that receiving waters be protected from pollutants which may pass
through the POTW.
These guidelines were developed by the Environmental Protection
Agency in accordance with Section 304(f) of the Act for the purpose of
assisting States and municipalities in carrying out programs under
Section 402 including NPDES permit requirements. It is important to
note the clear requirements in the Act that there be both national
pretreatment standards, Federally enforceable, and pretreatment guide-
lines to assist States and municipalities in developing local pretreat-
ment requirements. The Environmental Protection Agency encourages the
establishment of local pretreatment requirements, tailored to local
conditions.
The guidelines are a revision of the previous guidelines, "Pre-
treatment of Pollutants Introduced Into Publicly Owned Treatment Works."
Contained in this revision is additional technical information on
pollutants which may interfere with or pass through publicly owned
treatment works. Also, guidance is presented to assist State and local
governments in developing their own pretreatment programs to comply with
NPDES permit conditions. The guidelines are the result of extensive
reviews and numerous field trips and discussions with EPA Regional
Offices, industry, city, regional, State and interstate agencies. .We
are extremely grateful for the cooperation of those who assisted in the
preparation of the guidelines.
The Administrator
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME II
Title
Page
APPENDIX I - PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
APPENDIX 2 - SECONDARD TREATMENT INFORMATION
Secondary Treatment Information 2-1
APPENDIX 3 - TEST PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS OF
POLLUTANTS
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for 3-1
Analysis of Pollutants
APPENDIX 4 - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
Pretreatment Standards for Oil and Grease 4-1
APPENDIX 5 - POLLUTANT INTERFERENCE DATA
Pollutant Interference Data 5-1
APPENDIX 6 - POLLUTANT REMOVAL AND PASS THROUGH DATA
Computer Report No. 1 - Summary of POTW Removal 6-1
Data by EPA Region
Computer Report No. 2 - POTW Categorization 6-2
Computer Report No. 3 - POTW Removal Data, 6-4
Reference Information
Computer Report No. 4 - POTW Removal Data Analysis, 6-10
24 hr. Composite - 6 Hr. Simultaneous Composite,
Comparison of Results
Computer Report No. 5 - POTW Removal Data Analysis, 6-16
by Plant Category
Computer Report No. 6 - Summary of POTW Removal 6-22
Data
Computer Report No. 7 - POTW Effluent Data Analysis 6-30
Computer Report No. 8 - Summary of POTW Effluent 6-37
Data
Table 6-1 - Cumulative Frequency Distribution of 6-45
Removal Data
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
VOLUME II
Table 6-2 - Cumulative Frequency Distribution of 6-47
Effluent Data
Evaluation of Limited Data 6-49
APPENDIX 7 - ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Section A - Introduction 7-1
Section B - Management of a Control Program 7-11
Section C - Legal Aspects of a Control Program 7-19
Section D - Monitoring 7-28
Section E - Pollutants which Interfere with 7-59
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Section F - Removal of Pollutants in Publicly 7-94
Owned Treatment Works
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APPENDIX 1
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Pretreatment Standards
-------
RESERVED
The general pretreatment standards were published in
the Federal Register, November 8, 1973 (Vol. 38, p. 30982),
They are currently under review for possible revision, and
when changed will be proposed in the Federal Register.
1-1
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APPENDIX 2
SECONDARY TREATMENT INFORMATION
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No. 159—Ft. II 1
FRIDAY, AUGUST 17, 1973
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 38 • Number 159
PART II
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WATER PROGRAMS
Secondary Treatment
Information
2-1
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22298
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Title 40—Protection of Environment
CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBCHAPTER D—WATER PROGRAMS
PART 133—SECONDARY TREATMENT
INFORMATION
On April 30,1973, notice was published
in the FEDERAL REGISTER that the En-
vironmental Protection Agency was pro-
posing information on secondary treat-
ment pursuant to section 304(d)(l) of
the Federal .Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972 (the Act).
Reference should be made to the pre-
amble of the proposed rulemaking for a
description of the purposes and intended
use of the regulation.
Written comments on the proposed
rulemaking were invited and received
from interested parties. The Environ-
mental Protection Agency has care-
fully considered all comments received.
All written comments are on file with the
Agency.
The regulation has been reorganized
and rewritten to improve clarity.
Major changes that -were made as a re-
sult of comments received are sum-
marized below:
(a) The terms "1-week" and "1-
month" as used in § 133.102 (a) and
(b) of the proposed rulemaking have
been changed to 7 consecutive days and
30 consecutive days respectively (See
} 133.102 (a), (b),and (c)).
(b) Some comments indicated that the
proposed rulemaking appeared to re-
quire 85 percent removal of biochemical
oxygen demand and suspended solids
only in cases when a treatment works
would treat a substantial portion of ex-
tremely high strength industrial waste
(See § 133.102(g) of the proposed rule-
making) . The Intent was that in no case
should the percentage removal of bio-
chemical oxygen demand and suspended
solids in a 30 day period be less than 85
percent. This has been clarified in the
regulation. In addition, it has been ex-
pressed as percent remaining rather than
percent removal calculated using the
arithmetic means of the values for in-
fluent and effluent samples collected in
a 30 day period (See § 133.102(a) and
(b)).
(c) Comments were made as to the
difficulty of achieving 85 percent removal
of biochemical oxygen demand and sus-
pended solids during wet weather for
treatment works receiving flows from
combined sewer systems. Recognizing
this, a paragraph was added which
will allow waiver or adjustment of that
requirement on a case-by-case basis
(See §133.103(a)).
(d) The definition of a 24-hour com-
posite sample (See § 133.102(c) of the
proposed rulemaking) was deleted from
the regulation. The sampling require-
ments for publicly owned treatment
works will be established in guidelines
issued pursuant to sections 304(g) and
402 of the Act.
(e) In ? 133.103 of the proposed rule-
making, It was recognized that secondary
treatment processes are subject to upsets
over which little or no control may be
exercised. This provision has been de-
leted. It is no longer considered necessary
in this regulation since procedures for
notice and review of upset incidents will
be included in discharge permits Issued
pursuant to section 402 of the Act.
(f) Paragraph (f) of § 133.102 of the
proposed rulemaking, which relates to
treatment works which receive substan-
tial portions of high strength industrial
wastes, has been rewritten for clarity. In
addition, a provision has been added
which limits the use of the upwards ad-
justment provision to only those cases in
which the flow or loading from an indus-
try category exceeds 10 percent of the
design flow or loading of the treatment
works. This intended to reduce or elimi-
nate the administrative burden which
would be involved In making Insignlfl-
, cant adjustments In the biochemical
oxygen demand and suspended solids
criteria (See §133.103(b)).
The major comments for which
changes were not made are discussed
below:
(a) Comments were received which
recommended that the regulation be
written to allow effluent limitations to be
based on the treatment necessary to meet
water quality standards. No change has
been made in the regulations because the
Act and its legislative history clearly
show that the regulation is to be based
on the capabilities of secondary treat-
ment technology and not ambient water
quality effects.
(b) A number of comments were re-
ceived which pointed out that waste sta-
bilization ponds alone are not generally
capable of achieving the proposed efflu-
ent quality in terms of suspended solids
and fecal coliform bacteria. A few com-
menters expressed the opposite view. The
Agency is of the opinion that with proper
design (including solids separation proc-
esses and disinfection in some cases) and
operation, the level of effluent quality
specified can be achieved with waste
stabilization ponds. A technical bulletin
will be published in the near future which
will provide guidance on the design and
operation of waste stabilization ponds.
(c) Disinfection must be employed in
order to achieve the fecal coliform bac-
teria levels specified. A few commenters
argued that disinfectant is not a second-
ary treatment process and therefore the
fecal coliform bacteria requirements
should be deleted. No changes were made
because disinfection is considered by the
Agency to be an important element of
secondary treatment which is necessary
for protection of public health (See
§133.102(0).
Effective date. These regulations shall
become effective on August 17,1973.
JOHN Qtr ARIES,
Acting Administrator
AUGUST 14,1973.
Chapter I of title 40 of the Code of
Federal Regulations Is amended by add-
ing a new Part 133 as follows:
Sec.
133.100 Purpose.
133.101 Authority.
133.102 Secondary treatment.
133.103 Special considerations.
133.104 Sampling and test procedures.
AOTHORITY: Bees. 304()(1), 301(b) (1) (B),
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments, 1072, Pi. 02-600.
§ 133.100 Purpose.
This part provides information on the
level of effluent quality attainable
through the application of secondary
treatment.
§ 133.101 Authority.
The information contained in this
Part Is provided pursuant to sections
304(d) (1) and 301(b) (1) (B) of the Fed-
eral Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500 (the
Act).
§ 133.102 Secondary treatment.
The following paragraphs describe the
minimum level of effluent quality attain-
able by secondary treatment in terms of
the parameters biochemical oxygen de-
mand, suspended solids, fecal coliform
bacteria and pH. All requirements for
each parameter shall be achieved except
as provided for in § 133.103.
(a) Biochemical oxygen demand (five-
day). (1) The arithmetic mean of the
values for effluent samples collected in a
period of 30 consecutive days shall not
exceed 30 milligrams per liter.
(2) The arithmetic mean of the val-
ues for effluent samples collected in a
period of seven consecutive days shall
•not exceed 45 milligrams per liter.
(3) The arithmetic mean of'the val-
ues for effluent samples collected in a
period of 30 consecutive days shall not
exceed 15 percent of the arithmetic mean
of the values for influent samples col-
lected at approximately the same times
during the same period (85 percent re-
moval).
(b) Suspended solids. (1) The arith-
metic mean of the values for effluent
samples collected in a period of 30 con-
secutive days shall not exceed 30 milli-
grams per liter.
(2) The arithmetic mean of the val-
ues for effluent samples collected in a
period of seven consecutive days shall
not exceed 45 milligrams per liter.
(3) The arithmetic mean of the val-
ues for effluent samples collected in a
period of 30 consecutive days shall not
exceed 15 percent of the arithmetic mean
of the values for influent samples col-
lected at approximately the same times
during the same period (85 percent re-
moval).
(c) Fecal coliform bacteria. (1) The
geometric mean of the value for effluent
samples collected In a period of 30 con-
secutive days shall not exceed 200 per
100 mllllllters.
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 36, NO. 159-FHIDAY, AUGUST 17,
-------
(2) The geometric mean of the values
for effluent samples collected In a period
of seven consecutive days shall not ex-
ceed 400 per 100 milliliters.
(d) pH. The effluent values for pH shall
remain within the limits of 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 133.103 Special considerations.
(ft) Combined sewers. Secondary
treatment may not be capable of meet-
ing the percentage removal requirements
of paragraphs (a) (3) and (b)(3) of
§ 133.102 during wet weather in treat-
ment works which receive flows from
combined sewers (sewers which are de-
signed to transport both storm water
and-sanitary sewage). For such treat-
ment works, the decision must be made
on a case-by-case basis as to whether
any attainable percentage removal level
can be defined, and if so, what that level
should be.
RULES AND REGULATIONS
(b) Industrial wastes. For certain in-
dustrial categories, the discharge to nav-
igable waters of biochemical oxygen de-
mand and suspended solids permitted
under sections 301(b) (1) (A) (i) or 306 of
the Act may be less stringent than the
values given in paragraphs (a)(l). and
(b) (1) of § 133.102. In cases when wastes
would be introduced from such an indus-
trial category into a publicly owned
treatment works, the values for biochemi-
cal oxygen demand and suspended solids
in paragraphs (a)(l) and (b)(l) of
§ 133.102 may be adjusted upwards pro-
vided that: (1) the permitted discharge
of such pollutants, attributable to the
industrial category, would not be greater
than that which would be permitted
under sections 301(b) (1) (a) (i) or 306
of the Act if such industrial category
were to discharge directly into the navi-
gable waters, and (2) the flow or loading
22299
of such pollutants introduced by the in-
dustrial category exceeds 10 percent of
the design flow or loading of the publicly
owned treatment works. When such an
adjustment is made, the values for bio-
chemical oxygen demand or suspended
solids in paragraphs (a) (2) and (b) (2)
of § 133.102 should be adjusted propor-
tionally.
§ 133.104 Sampling and test procedures.
(a) Sampling and test procedures for
pollutants listed in § 133.102 shall be in
accordance with guidelines promulgated
by the Administrator pursuant to sec-
tions 304(g) and 402 of the Act.
(b) Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
or total organic carbon (TOO may be
substituted for biochemical oxygen -de-
mand (BOD) when a long-term BOD:
COD or BOD:TOC con-elation has been
demonstrated.
[FF Doc.73-17194 Piled 8-16-73:8:45 am]
KDERAl REGISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 159—FRIDAY, AUGUST 17, 1973
2-3
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APPENDIX 3
TEST PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures
for Analysis of Pollutants (December 1, 1976)
-------
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1976
PART II:
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WATER PROGRAMS
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures
for the Analysis of Pollutants
Amendments
-------
52780
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Title 4O—Protection of Environment
CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBCHAPTER D—WATER PROGRAMS
[FRL 630-4]
PART 136—GUIDELINES ESTABLISHING
TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS
OF POLLUTANTS
Amendment of Regulations
On June 9,1975, proposed amendments
to the Guidelines Establishing Test Pro-
cedures for the Analysis of Pollutants
(40 CFR 136) were published in the FED-
ERAL REGISTER (40 FB 24535) as required
by section 304 (g) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972 (86 Stat. 816, et seq., Pub. L. 92-500,
1972) hereinafter referred to as the Act.
Section 304 (g) of the Act requires that
the Administrator shall promulgate
guidelines establishing test procedures
for the analysis of pollutants that shall
include factors which must be provided
in: (1) any certification pursuant to sec-
tion 401 of the Act, or (2) any permit ap-
plication pursuant to section 402 of the
Act. Such test procedures are to be used
by permit applicants to demonstrate that
effluent discharges meet applicable pol-
lutant discharge limitations and by the
States and other enforcement activities
in routine or random monitoring of ef-
fluents to verify compliance with pollu-
tion control measures.
Interested persons were requested to
submit written comments, suggestions, or
objections to the proposed amendments
by September 7, 1975. One hundred and
thirty-five letters were received from
commenters. The following categories of
organizations were represented by the
commenters: Federal agencies accounted
for twenty-four responses; State agen-
cies accounted for twenty-six responses;
local agencies accounted for seventeen
responses; regulated major dischargers
accounted for forty-seven responses;
trade and professional organizations ac-
counted for eight responses; analytical
instrument manufacturers and vendors
accounted for seven responses; and an-
alytical service laboratories accounted
for six responses.
All comments were carefully evaluated
by a technical review committee. Based
upon the review of comments, the follow-
ing principal changes to the proposed
amendments were made:
(A) Definitions. Section 136.2 has been
amended to update references: Twenty
commenters, representing the entire
spectrum of responding groups pointed
out that the references cited in §§ 136.2
(f), 136.2(g), and 136.200 were out-of-
date; §§ 136.2(f), 136.2(g),and 136.2(h),
respectively, have been amended to show
the following editions of the standard
references: "14th Edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water
and Waste Water;" "1974 EPA Manual
of Methods for the Analysis of Water and
Waste;" and "Part 31,1975 Annual Book
of ASTM Standards."
(B) Identification of Test Procedures.
Both the content and format of f 136.3,
"Table I, List of Approved Test Proce-
dures" have been revised in response to
twenty-one comments received from
State and local governments, major regu-
lated dischargers, professional and trade
associations, and analytical laboratories.
Table I has been revised by:
(1) The addition of a fourth column
of references which includes procedures
of the United States Geological Survey
which are equivalent to previously ap-
proved methods.
(2) The addition of a fifth column of
miscellaneous references to procedures
which are equivalent to previously ap-
proved methods.
(3) Listing generically related param-
eters alphabetically within four subcate-
gories: bacteria, metals, radiological and
residue, and by listing these subcategory
hea'dings in alphabetic sequence rel-
ative to the remaining parameters.
(4) Deleting the parameter "Algicides"
and by entering the single relevant algi-
cide, "Pentachlorophenol" by its chemi-
cal name.
(C) Clarification of Test Parameters.
The conditions for analysis of several
parameters have been more specifically
defined as a result of comments received
by the Agency:
(1) In response to five commenters
representing State or local governments,
major dischargers, or analytical instru-
ment manufacturers, the end-point for
the alkalinity determination is specifi-
cally designated as pH 4.5.
(2) Manual digestion and distillation
are still required as necessary prelimi-
nary steps for the Kjeldahl nitrogen pro-
cedure. Analysis after such distillation
may be by Nessler color comparison,
titration, electrode, or automated pheno-
late procedures.
(3) In response to eight commenters
representative of Federal and State gov-
ernments, major dischargers, and ana-
lytical instrument manufacturers, man-
ual distillation at pH 9.5 is now specified
for ammonia measurement.
(D) New Parameters and Analytical
Procedures. Forty-four new parameters
have been added to Table I. In addition
to the designation of analytical proce-
dures for these new parameters, the fol-
lowing modifications have been made in
analytical procedures designated in re-
sponse to comments.
(1) The ortho-tolidine procedure was
not approved for the measurement of
residual chlorine because of its poor ac-
curacy and precision. Its approval had
been requested by seven commenters rep-
resenting major dischargers, State, or
local governments, and analytical instru-
ment manufacturers. Instead, the N,N-
diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD)
method is approved as an interim pro-
cedure pending more intensive laboratory
testing. It has many of the advantages
of the ortho-tolidine procedure such as
low cost, ease of operation, and also Is of
acceptable precision and accuracy.
(2) The Environmental Protection
Agency concurred with the American Rpe
Manufacturers' request to approve «s
procedure for measurement of color, and
copies of the procedure are now'availaWe
at the Environmental Monitoring ana
Support Laboratory, Cincinnati (EMSL-
CI),
(3) In response to three requests from
Federal, State governments, and dis-
chargers, "hardness," may be measured
as the sum of calcium and magnesium
analyzed by atomic absorption and ex-
pressed as their carbonates.
(4) The proposal to limit measure-
ment of fecal coliform bacteria in the
presence of chlorine to only the "Most
Probable Number" (MPN) procedure has
been withdrawn in response to requests
from forty-five commenters including
State pollution control agencies, permit
holders, analysts, treatment plant op-
erators, and a manufacturer of analyt-
ical supplies. The membrane filter (MF)
procedure will continue to be an ap-
proved technique for the routine meas-
urement of fecal coliflorm in the pre-
sence of chlorine. However, the MPN
procedure must be used to resolve con-
troversial situations. The technique
selected by the analyst must be reported
with the data.
(5) A total of fifteen objections, re-
presenting the entire spectrum of com-
menters, addressed the drying tempera-
tures used for measurement of residues.
The use of different temperatures in dry-
ing of total residue, dissolved residue and
suspended residue was cited as not allow-
ing direct Intel-comparability between
these measurements. Because the intent
of designating the three separate residue
parameters is to measure separate waste
characteristics (low drying temperatures
to measure volatile substances, high dry-
ing temperatures to measure anhydrous
inorganic substances), the difference in
drying temperatures for these residue
parameters must be preserved.
(E) Deletion of Measurement Tech-
niques. Some measurement techniques
that had been proposed have been de-
leted In response to objections raised
during the public comment period.
(1) The proposed infrared spec-
trophotometric analysis for oil and
grease has been withdrawn. Eleven com-
menters representing Federal or State
agencies and major dischargers claimed
that this parameter is defined by the
measurement procedure. Any alteration
in the procedure would change the def-
inition of the parameter. The Environ-
mental Protection Agency agreed.
(2) The proposed separate parameter
for sulfide at concentrations below 1
mg/1, has been withdrawn. Methylene
blue spectrophotometry is now included
in Table I as an approved procedure for
sulfide analysis. The titrimetric iodine
procedure for sulflde analysis may only
be used for analysis of sulfide at concen-
trations in excess of one milligram per
liter.
(F) Sample Preservation and Holding
Times. Criteria for sample preservation
and sample holding times were requested
by several commenters. The reference for
sample preservation and holding time
criteria applicable to the Table I param-
eters is given In footnote (1) of Table I.
(G) Alternate Test Procedures. Com-
ments pertaining to § 136.4, Application
for Alternate Test Procedures, included
objections: to various obstacles within
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. »3J_WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER I, 1976
3-2
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RULES AND RfGULATIONS
52781
these procedures for expeditious ap-
proval of alternate test procedures. Four
analytical instrument manufacturers
commented that by limiting of applica-
tion for review and/or approval of alter-
nate test procedures to NPDES permit
holders, 1136.4 became an impediment to
the commercial development of new or
improved measurement devices based on
new measurement principles. Applica-
tions for such review and/or approval
will now be accepted from any person.
The intent of the alternate test pro-
cedure Is to allow the ^ise of measure-
ment systems which are known to be
equivalent to the approved test proce-
dures In waste water discharges.
Applications for approval of alternate
test procedures applicable to specific dis-
charges will continue to be made only by
NPDES permit holders, and approval of
such applications will be made on a
case-by-case basis by the Regional Ad-
ministrator in whose Region the dis-
charge is made.
Applications for approval of alternate
test procedures which are intended for
nationwide use can now be submitted by
any person directly to the Director of the
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory in Cincinnati. Such applica-
tions should include a complete methods
write-up, any literature references, com-
parability data between the proposed al-
ternate test procedure and those already
approved by the Administrator. The ap-
plication should include precision and
accuracy data of the proposed alternate
test procedure and data confirming the
general applicability of the test proce-
dure to the industrial categories of waste
water for which it is intended. The Di-
rector of the Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory, after review of
submitted Information, will recommend
approval or rejection of the application
to the Administrator, or he will return
the application to the applicant for more
information. Approval or rejection of ap-
plications for test procedures intended
for nationwide use will be made by the
Administrator, after considering the rec-
ommendation made by the Director of
the Environmental Monitoring and Sup-
port Laboratory, Cincinnati. Since the
Agency considers these procedures for
approval of alternate test procedures for
nationwide use to be interim procedures,
we will welcome suggestions for criteria
for approval of alternate test procedures
for nationwide use. Interested persons
should submit their written comments In
triplicate on or before June 1, 1977 to:
Dr. Robert B. Medz, Environmental Pro-
tection Technologist, Monitoring Quality
Assurance Standardization, Office of
Monitoring and Technical Support (RD-
680), Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 20460:
(H) freedom of Information. A copy
of all public comments, an analysis by
parameter of those comments, and docu-
ments providing further information on
the rationale for the changes made in
the final regulation are available for
inspection and copying at the Environ-
mental Protection Agency Public Infor-
mation Reference Unit, Room 2922,
Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, D.C. 20460, during normal
business hours. The EPA Information
regulation 40 CFR 2 provides that a rea-
sonable fee may be charged for copying
such documents.
Effective date: These amendments be-
come effective on April 1,1977.
Dated: November 19,1976.
JOHN. QUAHLES,
Acting Administrator,
Environmental Protection Agency-
Chapter I, Subchapter D, of Title 40,
Code of. Federal Regulations is amended
as follows:
1. In § 136.2, paragraphs (f), (g), and
(h) are amended to read as follows:
§ 136.2 Definitions.
(f) "Standard Methods" means Stand-
ard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Waste Water, 14th Edition,
1976. This publication is available from
the American Public Health Association,
1015 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20036.
(g) "ASTM" means Annual Book of
Standards, Part 31, Water, 1975. This
publication is available from the Ameri-
can Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania 19103.
(h) "EPA Methods" means Methods
for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Waste, 1974. Methods Development and
Quality Assurance Research Laboratory,
National Environmental Research Cen-
ter, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Office of
Technology Transfer, Industrial Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory, Cincin-
nati, Ohio 45268. This publication is
available from the Office of Technology
Transfer.
2. In § 136.3, the second sentence of
paragraph (b) is amended, and a new
paragraph (c) is added to read as fol-
lows:
§ 136.3 Identification of test procedures.
*****
(b) * * * Under such circumstances,
additional test procedures for analysis
of pollutants may be specified by the
Regional Administrator or the Director
upon the recommendation of the Direc-
tor of the Environmental Monitoring and
•Support Laboratory, Cincinnati.
(c) Under certain circumstances, the
Administrator may approve, upon rec-
ommendation by the Director, Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory, Cincinnati, additional alternate test
procedures for nationwide use.
3. Table I of § 136.3 is revised by listing
the parameters alphabetically; by adding
44 new parameters; by adding a fourth
column under references listing equiva-
lent United States Geological Survey
methods; by adding a fifth column under
references listing miscellaneous equiva-
lent methods; by deleting footnotes 1
through 7 and adding 24 new footnotes,
to read as follows:
TABLE I.—IA*t of approved test procedures1
Parameter and unite
References
1974 14th ed. (pagenos.) Other
Method EPA standard • approved
methods methods Ft. 81 US OS methods
1970 methods*
ASTM
mffli-
1. Acidity, as C»CO»,
grams per Uter.
2. Alkalinity, as CaCO», mffli-
grams per liter.
Electrometric end point
of 8.2) or phenol-
end point.
ic tititttlon
(only to pH 4.0) manual
or automated, or equiva-
lent automated methods.
3. Ammonia (as N), milligrams Manual distillation < (at pH
per liter. 9.5) followed by nessleri-
Htaon, tttraHon, elec-
trode, Automated phe-
nolate.
BACTERIA
1 273(4d) 116
3 278 111
•40
41
'(607)
•W7)
159
108 ...
410 ..
412
237
no
•(614)
616
4. Coliform (fecal)', number per MPN; • membrane filter
100ml.
i. Conform (fecal) • m presence do.".
of chlorine, number per 100 9:
ml.
6. Coliform (total), 'number per do.'
100ml.
7. CoUform (total) • In presence MPN;' membrane filter
of chlorine, number per 100 with enrichment.
ml.
8. Fecal streptococci,1' number MPN;' membrane filter;
per 100 ml. plate count.
9. Benzidine, milligrams per liter. Oxidation— colorimetlio ' '.""'.
10. Biochemical oxygen demand, Winkler (Aside modifica-
5-d (BODj), milligrams per tion) or electrode method. .
liter.
11. Bromide, milligrams per liter.. Titrimetric, iodine-lodate ; 14
12. Chemical oxygen demand Diohromate reflux 20
-------
52782
RULES AND REGULATIONS
1974 1
Parameter and unite Method EPA ri
methods n
pounds (except pesticides),
milligrams per liter.
15. Chlorine — total residual milli- lodometric titration, amper-
grams per liter. ometric or starch-iodine
end-point; DPD colori-
metric "or Titrimetrie _.
methods (these last 2 are
interim methods pending
laboratory testing).
16. Color, platinum cobalt units Colorimetric; spectrophoto-
or dominant wave length, metric; or ADMI pro-
hue, luminance, purity. cedure."
17. Cyanide, total,11 milligrams Distillation followed by
per liter. silver nitrate titration or
pyridine pyrazolone (or
barbituric acid) colori-
metric.
18. Cyanide amenable to chloriu- .do.. . . ....
ation, milligrams per liter.
19. Dissolved oxygen, milligrams Winkler (Azide modiGca-
per liter. tion) or electrode method.
20. Fluoride, milligrams per liter Distillation * followed bv
ion electrode; SPADNS;
or automated complexone,
21. Hardness— Total, as CaCOj, EDTA titration; auto-
milligrams per liter. mated colorimetric; or
atomic absorption (sum .
of Ca and Mg as their
respective carbonates).
22. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units. Electrometric measurement.
23. Kjeldahl nitrogen (is N), Digestion and distillation
milligrams per liter. followed by nesslerizatiou,
titration, or electrode;
automated digestion auto-
mated phenolate.
METAU
24. Aluminum— Total, milligrams Digestion » followed by
per liter. atomic absorption '• or by ..
colorimetric (Eriochrome
Cyanine R).
25. Aluminum — Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration l7 fol- _
grams per liter. lowed by referenced meth-
ods for total aluminum.
26. Antimony — Total, milligrams Digestion" followed by
per liter. atomic absorption."
27. Antimony— Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration " fol- ..
grams per liter. lowed by referenced
method for total antimony.
28. Arsenic — Total, milligrams Digestion followed by silver
per liter. diethyldithiocarbamate:
or atomic absorption." "
29. Arsenic— Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration » fol- .
grams per liter. lowed by referenced
method for total arsenic.
10. Barium— Total, milligrams Digestion » followed by
per liter. atomic absorption."
31. Barium— Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration » fol-
grams per liter. lowed by referenced
method for total barium.
32. Beryllium— Total, milligrams Digestion " followed by
per liter. atomic absorption « or by
coloriraetric (Aluminon).
33. Beryllium— Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration » fol- _.
grams per liter. lowed by referenced
method for total beryllium.
34. Boron— Total, milligrams per Colorimetric (Curcumin) —
liter.
35. Boron — Dissolved, milligrams 0.45 micron filtration " fol- .
per liter. lowed by referenced meth-
od for total boron.
36. Cadmium— Total, milligrams Digestion « followed by
per liter. atomic absorption '« or by ..
colorimetric (Dithizone).
37. Cadmium — Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration " fol-
grams per liter. lowed by referenced meth-
od for total cadmium.
38. Calcium— Total, milligrams Digestion » followed by
per liter. atomic absorption; or _
EDTA titration.
39. Calcium— Dissolved, milli- 0.45 micron filtration " fol- _
grams per liter. lowed by referenced meth-
od for total calcium.
40. Chromium VI, milligrams per Extraction and atomic all-
liter, sorption; colorimetric (Di-
phenylcarbazide) .
41. Chromium VI — Dissolved 0.45 micron filtration 17 fol-
miUigrams per liter. lowed by referenced meth-
od for chromium VI.
42. Chromium— Total, milligrams Digestion » followed by
colorimetric (Diphenyl-
carbazide) .
grams per liter. ' lowed by referenced meth-
od for total chromium.
35
36
39
40
49
51
56
65
59
61
68
70 — .
239
175
165
182 __.
M
^
95
97
99
13
101
101
89 105
105
References
4th «d. (page noa.)
Other
lethods Ft. 31 ITS OS "methods
1975 methods*
A8TM
318
322 278
332
329
64
66
361 503
376 505
443 368
450
389
391 307
393 305
614 -
202 161
460 178
437
152 _
171 .. .. .
J8S
IK
152
152
177 .
287
148 345
182
148 145
189
192
148 345
192 28*
82
85
126
93
94
129
122
11 (19)
" (SI)
"(3T)
52
53
62
66
76
75
78
77
.0(22)
'(609)
»(617)
'(600)
K612)
i
* (619) » (IT)
•(«•)
See footnotes at end of table.
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. 732—WEDNESDAY, DECEfWE* 1...W*
3-4
-------
RULES AND REGULATIONS
52783
Parameter and units
Method
References
1974 14th ed. (pagenos.) Other
EPA standard—'——— approved
methods methods Pt. 31 USO8 methods
1976 methods'
ASTM
44. Cobalt—Total, milligrams per
liter.'
46. Cobalt-Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
48. Copper—Total,
per liter.
milligrams
47. Copper—Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
48. Gold—Total, milligrams per
liter.
49. Iridlum—Total, milligrams
per liter.
60. Iron—Total, milligrams per
liter.
81. Iron—Dissolved,
per liter.
milligrams
62. Lead—Total, milligrams per
liter.
63. Lead—Dissolved, milligrams
per liter.
54. Magnesium—Total, milli-
grams per liter.
55. Magnesium—Dissolved milli-
grams per liter.
56. Manganese—Total milligrams
per liter.
57. Manganese—Dissolved milli-
grams per liter.
58. Mercury—Total, milligrams
per liter.
69. Mercury—Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
60. Molybdenum—Total, milli-
grams per liter.
61. Molybdenum—Dissolved,
milligrams per liter.
82. Nickel—Total, .
per liter.
63. Nickel-Dissolved,
grams per liter.
64. Osmium—Total,
per liter.
65. Palladium—Total,
per liter.
66. Platinum—Total,
per liter.
67. Potassium—Total,
per liter.
milligrams
milli-
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
68. Potassium—Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
69. Rhodium—Total, milligrams
per liter.
70. Ruthenium—Total, milli-
grams per liter.
71. Selenium—Total, milligrams
per liter.
72. Selenium—Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
78. Silica—Dissolved, milligrams
per liter.
74. Silver—Total,"
per liter.
75. Silver-Dissolved,"
grains per liter.
milligrams
mllli-
76. Sodium—Total,
per liter.
77. Sodium—Dissolved,
grams per liter.
milligrams
milU-
by
107
148
108
148
196
110
148
208
112
148
215
114
148
221
116
148
118
Digestion" followed
atomic absorption."
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total cobalt.
Digestion " followed by
atomic absorption " or by
colorimetric (Neocu-
prolne).
0.45 micron filtration » fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total copper.
Digestion <> followed by
atomic absorption."
Digestion » followed by
atomic absorption."
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption " or by
colorimetric (Phenanthro-
line).
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total iron.
Digestion " followed by
atomic absorption " or by
colorimetric (Dithizone).
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total lead.
Digestion « followed by
atomic absorption; or
gravimetric.
0.45 micron filtration " dol-
lowed by referenced
method for total magne-
sium.
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption'»or by 225,227
colorimetric (Persulfate or
perlodate).
0.45 micron filtration" fol- _
lowed by referenced
method for total manga-
nese.
Flameless atomic absorp-
tion.
0.46 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced
method for total mercury.
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption."
0.46 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced
method for total molybde-
num.
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption » or by
colorimetric (Heptoxime).
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed .by referenced
method for total nickel.
Digestion» followed by
atomic absorption."
Digestion" followed
atomic absorption."
Digestion» followed
atomic absorption."
Digestion» followed by
atomic absorption, colori-
metric (Cobaltinitrite), or
by flame photometric.
0.45 micron filtration" tol-
lowed by referenced meth-
of for total potassium.
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption."
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption."
Digestion» followed by
atomic absorption." " .
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total selenium.
0.45 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by, colorimetric
(Mplybdosillcato)..
Digestion" followed by
atomic absorption » or by
colorimetric (Dlthlnme).
0.46 micron filtration " fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total sliver.
Digestion u followed by
atomic absorption or by
flame photometric.
0.46 micron filtration" tol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total sodium,
345
» (87)
345
293
83 > (61«) » (37)
345
102
• (619)
345
106
> (619)
345
109
>(619)
345
I (619)
166 338
" (51).
350.
141
148 345
113
by
by
148 .
335
214
184
408 .
145
169
274
146
487 898
189
148 .
248 .
142 >(«!») K(S7)
147
2W 40> ,
141
See footnotes at end of table.
KMftM; REOISTH, VOt. 41, NO. »3J—WEONISDAY, MCIMMK I, If7«
3-5
-------
52784
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Parameter and unit*
78. Thallium— Total, milligrams
per liter.
79. Thallium— Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
80. Tin— Total, milligrams per
liter.
81. Tin — Dissolved, milligrams
per liter.
82. Titanium— Total, milligrams
per liter.
83. Titanium— Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
84. Vanadium— Total, milligrams
per liter.
85. Vanadium — Dissolved, milli-
grams per liter.
86. Zinc— Total, milligrams per
liter.
87. Zinc— Dissolved, milligrams
per liter.
88. Nitrate (as N), milligrams per
liter.
89. Nitrate (as N\ milligrams uor
liter.
90. Oil and grease, milligrams por
liter.
91. Organic carbon; total (TOC),
milligrams per liter.
92. Organic nitrogen (as N), milli-
grams per liter.
93. Orthophosphate (as P), milli-
grams per liter.
94. Pentachlorophenol, milli-
grams per liter.
95. Pesticides, milligrams per
liter.
96. Phenols, milligrams per liter..
97. Phosphorus (elemental), milli-
grams per liter.
98. Phosphorus; total (as P),
milligrams per liter.
RADIOLOOICJIL
99. Alpha— Total, pCi per liter...
100. Alpha— Counting error, pCi
per liter.
101. Beta— Total, pCi per liter
102. Beta— Counting error, pCi per
liter.
103. (a) Radium— Total, pCi per
liter.
(b) »« Ha, pCi per liter
RESIDUE
104. Total, milligrams per liter
105. Total dissolved (filterable),
milligrams per liter.
106. Total— suspended (nonfllter-
able), milligrams per liter.
107. Settleable, milliliters per liter
or milligrams per liter.
108. Total volatile, milligrams per
liter.
109. Specific conductance, micro-
mhos per centimeter at 25"
110. Sulfate (as 8O<), milligrams
per liter.
111. Sulfide (as S), milligrams per
liter.
112. Sulfite (as SO3), milligrams
per liter.
113. Surfactants, milligrams per
liter.
115. Turbidity, NTU
1974 14th ed.
Method EPA standard
methods methods
Digestion » followed by
atomic absorption."
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total thalh'um.
Digestion '» followed by
atomic absorption.11
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total tin.
Digestion » followed by
atomic absorption.1'
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total titanium.
Digestion « followed by
colorimetric (Gallic acid).
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total vanadium.
Digestion 15 followed by
colorimetric (Dithizone).
0.45 micron filtration 17 fol-
lowed by referenced meth-
od for total zinc.
Cadmium reduction; bru-
cine sulfate; automated
cadmium or hydrazine re-
duction.21
Manual or automated colori-
metric (Diazotization).
Liquid-liquid extraction
with trichloro-trifluoro-
ethane-gravimetric.
Combustion — Infrared
method."
KJeldahl nitrogen minus
ammonia nitrogen.
Manual or automated ascor-
bic acid reduction.
do 11
Colorimetric, (4AAP)
Gas chromatography M
Persulfate digestion fol-
lowed by manual or auto-
mated ascorbic acid reduc-
tion.
Proportional or scintillation .
counter.
do
Proportional counter—
do
do
Scintillation counter _ . _
Gravimetric, 103 to 105° C- -
Glass fiber filtration, 180° C-
Glass fiber filtration, 109 to
105° C.
Volumetric or gravimetric
Gravimetric, 550° C
Wheatstonc bridge conduc-
timetry.
Gravimetric; turbidimetric; -
or automated colorimetric
(barium cbloranilate).
Titrimetric— Iodine lor lev-
liter; Methylene blue pho-
tometric.
Titrimetric, iodine-iodate...
Colorimetric (Methylene
blue).
Calibrated glass or electro-
metric thermometer.
Nephelometric
149
150
151
153
155
201
197
207
215
229
236
175, 159
249
256
241
249
256
270
266
268
272
275
277
279
284
285
157
288
295
152
260
148
265
423
427
620
434
515
532
437
481
624
555
582
476, 481
624
648
048
648
«48
601
667
91
92
94
95
95
71
493
498
505
503
508
too
125
132
References
(page nos.) other
Ft. 31 US OS methods
1975 methods'
A8TM
11 (65)
441 'I (67)
345 159 >(619)»(37)
358 119 H614) »(28)
121
467 » (4)
122 > (612, 614)
384 131 > (621)
529 » (24)
545
384 133 > <621)
3911»»l'75+78)
594 '1 (79)
60111 "(75+78)
696 11 (79)
661
11 (81)
120 148 > (606)
424 H«at)
425 1(623)
154
435
494 »(11)
223 156
i Recommendations for sampling and preservation of samples aeeording to parameter measured may be.foundI In
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974" U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, taoie t, pp.
viii-xii.
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41. NO. 232—WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER I,
3-6
-------
RULES AND REGULATIONS
52785
»All page references for USGS methods, unless otherwise noted, are to Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fish-
man.MlJ., "Methods for Collection and Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases," U.S. Geologi-
cal Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Inv., book 5, oh. Al, (1970). ,,... ... . ... .
> EPA comparable method may be found on indicated page of "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of
Official Analytical Chemists" methods manual, 12th ed. (1975).
i Manual distillation is not required if comparability data on representative effluent samples are on company file
to show that this preliminary distillation step is not necessary; however, manual distillation will be required to resolve
any controversies.
' The method used must be specified.
«The 5 tube MPN is used.
' Slack, K. V. and others, "Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Miicobiological Samples:
U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Inv. book 5, oh. A4 (1978)."
i Since the membrane filter technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the
MPN method will be required to resolve any controversies.
' Adequately tested methods for benzidine are not available. Until approved methods are available, the following
interim method can be used for the estimation of benzidine: (1) "Method for Benzidine and Its Salts in Wastewaters,"
available from Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio 45268.
u American National Standard on Photographic Processing Effluents, Apr. 2, 1975. Available from ANSI, 1430
Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.
" Fishman, M. J. and Brown, Eugene, "Selected Methods of the U.S. Geological Survey for Analysis of Waste-
waters," (1976) open-file report 76-177.
u Procedures for pentachlorophenol, chlorinated organic compounds ,and pesticides can be obtained from the En-
vironmental Monitoring and Support Lbaoratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
'»Color method (ADMI procedure) available from Environmental Monitoring and Support Lbaoratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
u For samples suspected of having thiocyanaie interference, magnesium chloride is used as the digestion catalyst.
In the approved test procedure for cyanides, the recommended catalysts are replaced with 20 ml of a solution of 510 g/1
magnesium chloride (MgClf6HiO). This substitution will eliminate thiocyanate interference for both total cyanide
and cyanide amendable to cblorination measurements. ~~
16 For the determination of total metals the sample is not filtered before processing. Because vigorous digestion
procedures may result in a loss of certain metals through preciptation, a less vigorous treatment is recommended as
given on p. 83 (4.1.4) of "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes" (1974). In those instances where a
more vigorous digestion is desired the procedure'on p. 82 (4.1.3) should be followed. For the measurement of the noble
metal series (gold, indium, osmium, palladium, platimum, rhodium and ruthenium), an aqua regia digestion is to be
substituted as follows: Transfer a representitive aliquot of the well-mixed sample to a Griffin beaker and add 3 ml
of concentrated redistilled HNOi. Place the beaker on a steam bath and evaporate to dryness. Cool the beaker and
cautiously add a 5 ml portion of aqua regia. (Aqua regia is prepared immediately before use by carefully adding 3
volumes of concentrated HC1 to one volume of concentrated HNOS.) Cover the beaker with a watch glass and return
to the steam bath. Continue heating the covered beaker for 50 *"'" Remove cover and evaporate to dryness. Cool
and take up the residue in a small quantity of 1:1 EC1. Wash down the beaker walls and watch glass with distilled*
water and filter the sample to remove silicates and other insoluble material that could clog the atomizer. Adjust the
volm e to some predetermined value based on the expected metal concentration. The sample is now ready for analysis.
" As the various furnace devices (nameless AA) are essentially atomic absorption techniques, they are considered
to be approved test methods. Methods of standard addition are to be followed as noted in p. 78 of "Methods for Chem-
ical Analysis of Water and Wastes," 1974.
17 Dissolved metals are defined as those constitutents which will pass though a 0.45 jan membrane filter. A pre-
flltration is permissible to free the sample from larger suspended solids. Filter the sample as soon as practical
after collection using the first 50 to 100 ml to rinse the filter flask. (Glass or plastic filtering apparatus are recommended
to avoid possible contamination.) Discard the portion used to rinse the flask and collect the required volume of
filtrate. Acidify the filtrate with 1:1 redistilled HNO, to a pH of 2. Normally, 3 ml of (1:1) acid per liter should be
sufficient to preserve the samples.
"See "Atomic Absorption Newsletter," vol. 13,75 (1974). Available from Perkin-Elmer Corp., Main Ave. Norwalk,
Conn. 06852.
u Method available from Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
" Recommended methods for the analysis of silver in industrial wastewaters at concentrations of 1 mg/1 and
above are inadequate where silver exists as an inorganic halide. Silver halides such as the bromide and chloride
are relatively insoluble in reagents such as nitric acid but are readily soluble in an aqueous buffer of sodium thio-
sulfate and sodium hydroxide to a pH of 12. Therefore, for levels of silver above 1 mg/1 20 ml of sample should be
diluted to 100 ml by adding 40 ml each of 2M NaiSiOj and 2M NaOH. Standards should be prepared in the same
manner. For levels of silver below 1 mg/1 the recommended method is satisfactory.
11 An automated hydrazine reduction method is available from the Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
a A number of such systems manufactured by various companies are considered to be comparable in their per-
formance. In addition, another technique, based on combustion-methane detection is also acceptable.
» Goerlitz, D., Brown, E., "Methods for Analysis of Organic Substances in Water": U.S. Geological Survey Tech-
niques of Water-Resources Inv. book 5, ch. A3 (1972):
» H. F. Addison and R. G. Ackman, "Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid Chroma-
tography," "Journal of Chromatography," vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 421-426,1970.
« The method found on p. 75 measures only the dissolved portion while the method on p. 78 measures only sus-
pended. Therefore, the 2 results must be added together to obtain "total."
» Stevens, H. H., Ficke, J. F., and Smoot, G. F., "Water Temperature—Influential Factors, Field Measurement
and Data Presentation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Inv., book 1 (1975)."
4. In § 136.4, the second sentence of
paragraph (c) is amended by deleting
the word "subchapter" immediately fol-
lowing the phrase "procedure under this"
and immediately preceding the word
"shall" and replaced with the phrase
"paragraph c;" and § 136.4 is amended
by adding a new paragraph (d) to read
as follows:
§ 136.4 Application for alternate test
procedures.
*****
(c) * * * Any application for an alter-
nate test procedure under this paragraph
(c) shall: • * *
(d) An application for approval of an
alternate test procedure for nationwide
use may be made by letter in triplicate
to the Director, Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268. Any application for an alter-
nate test procedure under this paragraph
(d) shall:
(1) Provide the name and address of
the responsible person or firm making
the application.
(2) Identify the pollutant (s) or pa-
rameter (s) for which nationwide ap-
proval of an alternate testing procedure
is being requested.
(3) Provide a detailed description of
the proposed alternate procedure, to-
gether with references to published or
other studies confirming the general ap-
plicability of the alternate test procedure
to the pollutant (s) or parameter (s) in
waste water discharges from representa-
tive and specified industrial or other
categories.
(4) Provide comparability data for the
performance of the proposed alternate
test procedure compared to the perform-
ance of the approved test procedures.
§ 136.5 [Amended]
5. In § 136.5, paragraph (a) is amended,
by inserting the phrase "proposed by the
responsible person or firm making the
discharge" immediately after the words
"test procedure" and before the period
that ends the paragraph.
6. In § 136.5, paragraph (b) is amended
by inserting in the first sentence the
phrase "proposed by the responsible per-
son or firm making the discharge" im-
mediately after the words "such applica-
tion" and immediately before the comma.
The second sentence of paragraph (b)
is amended by deleting the phrase
"Methods Development and Quality As-
surance Research Laboratory" immedi-
ately after the phrase "State Permit
Program and to the Director of the" at
the end of the sentence, and inserting in
its place the phrase "Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati."
7. In § 136.5, paragraph (c) is amended
by inserting the phrase "proposed by the
responsible person or firm making the
discharge" immediately after t'he phrase
"application for an alternate test pro-
cedure" and immediately before the
comma; and by deleting the phrase
"Methods Development and Quality As-
surance Laboratory" immediately after
the phrase "application to the Director
of the" and immediately before the
phrase "for review and recommenda-
tion" and inserting in its place the phrase
"Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Cincinnati."
8. In § 136.5, the first sentence of para-
graph (d) is amended by inserting the
phrase, "proposed by the responsible
person or firm making the discharge,"
immediately after the phrase, "applica-
tion for an alternate test procedure,"
and immediately before the comma.
The second sentence of paragraph (d)
is amended by deleting the phrase,
"Methods Development and Quality .As-
surance Research Laboratory," immedi-
ately after the phrase, "to the Regional
Administrator by the Director of the,"
and immediately preceding the period
ending the sentence and inserting in its
place the phrase, "Environmental Moni-
toring and Support Laboratory, Cin-
cinnati."
The third sentence of paragraph (d)
is amended by deleting the phrase
"Methods Development and Quality As-
surance Research Laboratory," immedi-
ately after the phrase, "forwarded to the
Director," and immediately before the
second comma and by inserting in its
place the phrase, "Environmental Moni-
toring and Support Laboratory, Cin-
cinnati."
9. Section 136.5 is amended by the
addition of a new paragraph (e) to read
as follows:
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. 232—WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1976
3-7
-------
52786 RULES AND REGULATIONS
§ 136.5 Approval of alternate test pro-
cedures.
*****
>e) Within ninety days of the receipt
by the Director of the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati of an application for an
alternate test procedure for nationwide
use, the Director of the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati shall notify the applicant of
his recommendation to the Adminis-
trator to approve or reject the applica-
tion, or shall specify additional informa-
tion which is required to determine
whether to approve the proposed test
procedure. After such notification, an
alternate method determined by the Ad-
ministrator to satisfy the applicable re-
quirements of this part shall be approved
for nationwide use to satisfy the require-
ments of this subchapter; alternate test
procedures determined by the Adminis-
trator not to meet the applicable require-
ments of this part shall be rejected.
Notice of these determinations shall be
submitted for publication in the FEDERAL
REGISTER not later than 15 days after
such .notification and determination is
made.
[PR Doc.76-35032 Piled ll-30-76;8:45 am]
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 41. NO. 232-WEDNESDAY. DECEMBEt 1,
3-8
-------
APPENDIX 4
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
Pretreatment Standards for Oil and
Grease; Request for Public Comments
-------
17762
PROPOSED RULES
final location maps of all survey sta-
tions; and
(2) All common depth point and high
resolution seismic data developed under
an exploration permit including the proc-
essed information derived therefrom
with extraneous signals and interference
removed, in a format and quality suit-
able for interpretative evaluation, re-
flecting state-of-the-art processing tech-
niques; and other data including, but not
limited to, shallow and deep subbottom
profiles, bathymetry, side-scan sonar,
magnetometer, and bottom profiles;
gravity and magnetic; and data from
special studies such as from refraction
surveys, velocity surveys and domal con-
figuration studies.
§ 251.15 Public availability of records.
Geological and geophysical data, In-
cluding processed information relating
to submerged lands on the Outer Con-
tinental Shelf collected pursuant to a
permit issued after the publication of
these regulations and required to be sub-
mitted to the Supervisor under this part,
shall be made available for public in-
spection by the Supervisor as follows:
(a) Geophysical data including proc-
essed information—ten years after issu-
ance of a permit to conduct exploration.
(b) Geological data and processed
information:
(1) Immediate release through public
notice of the discovery during drilling
operations of oil shows and environ-
mental hazards on unleased lands -when
these shows or hazards are judged to be
significant by the Director.
(2) Ten years after' issuance of the
permit to conduct exploration except for.
deep stratigraphic drilling.
(3) Five years after the date of com-
pletion of a test well or 60 calendar days
after the issuance of the first Federal
lease within 50 geographic miles of the
drill site, whichever is earliest, for deep
stratigraphic drilling.
CANCELLATION, PENALTIES AND APPEALS
§ 251.20 Revocation and cancellation.
The Supervisor is authorized to sus-
pend or revoke a permit under which the
operation is being conducted, or is pro-
posed to be conducted, which in his judg-
ment threatens immediate, serious, or
irreparable harm or damage to life, in-
cluding aquatic life, to-property, to cul-
tural resources, to valuable mineral de-
posits, or to the environment, or for non-
compliance with applicable laws, regula-
tions, the terms and conditions of the
permit, OCS Orders, or any other writ-
ten order or rule, including orders for
submitting reports, well records or logs,
and analyses in a timely manner.
§ 251.21 Penalties.
Any person who conducts geological
and geophysical exploration of the
Outer Continental Shelf without a per-
mit Issued under this part or who, hav-
ing obtained a permit, falls to comply
with the terms of the permit will be sub-
ject to any civil or criminal remedies
which the Secretary chooses to pursue.
§ 251.22 Appeals.
Orders or decisions Issued under the
regulations in this part may be appealed
as provided in Part 290 of this chapter.
[FR Doc.75-10409 Filed 4-21-75:8:46 am]
DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
Coast Guard
[33 CFR Part 175)
[CGD 74-159]
NONAPPROVED LIFESAVING DEVICES ON
WHITE WATER CANOES AND KAYAKS
Proposed Revocation of Exception;
Comment Period Extension
Iri the February 4, 1975 issue of the
FEDERAL REGISTER (40 FR 5167), the Coast
Guard published a Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking proposing to revoke the ex-
ception in 33 CFR 175.17 from Personal
Flotation Device (PFD) requirements
presently allowed for operators of white
water canoes and kayaks. The notice pro-
vided that all written comments received
before April 17, 3975 would be consid-
ered before action would be taken on the
proposal.
The purpose of this notice is to ex-
tend the comment period to May 31,
1975 in order to give the public additional
time to submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the notice.
All communications received before
May 31, 1975 will be considered before
action is taken on the proposed revoca-
tion.
(Sec. 5 of the Federal Boat Safety Act of
1971 (46 U.S.C. 1464); 49 CFR 1.46(0) (1))
Dated: April 16,1975.
A. F. FUGARO,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard,
Acting Chief, Office of Boating Safety.
[FR Doc.75-10470 Filed 4-21-75:8:45 am]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
[40 CFR Part 450]
IFRL- 361-7]
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND
STANDARDS
Pretreatment Standards for Oil and Grease;
Request for Public Comments
During the past several months EPA
has proposed pretreatment standards for
existing sources which discharge into
publicly owned treatment works and pro-
mulgated pretreatment standards for
new sources which discharge into pub-
licly owned treatment works, pursuant to
section 307 (b) and (c) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C.
section 1317.
Internal review of these regulations by
EPA has led to the conclusion that addi-
tional consideration should be given to
the question of the proper pretreatment
standard for the discharge of oil and
grease for all industrial categories. The
Agency has compiled additional data
concerning this question. This data Is
summarized and analyzed in a document
entitled "Trcatability of Oil and Grease."
These data appear to indicate that no
pretreatment limitation should be placed
on the discharge of oil and grease of an
animal or vegetable origin where such
wastes are essentially free from petro-
leum or mineral based oil and greases. On
the other hand, where the oil and grease
is known to be derived from petroleum
or mineral sources or where the source
is unknown a pretreatment standard lim-
itation of 100 mg/1 on oil and grease ap-
pears to be most appropriate. The Agency
is presently considering inclusion of these
limitations in pretreatment standards for
all industrial categories. However before
doing so, the Agency desires to hear the
views of publicly owned treatment plant
operators, industrial users and all other
interested parties.
Information concerning the data
which supports the above conclusions
and pertinent definitions and methodol-
ogy are contained in the above men-
tioned document. Copies of this docu-
ment are available through the Office
of Public Affairs, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington D.C. 20460,
Attention: Ms. Ruth Brown, A-107.
Interested persons may submit written
comments in triplicate to Ms. Ruth
Brown, Office of Public Affairs, at the
above address. Comments on all aspects
of this request for public participation
are solicited. In the event comments are
in the nature of criticisms as to the ade-
quacy of data which is available, or
which may be relied upon by the Agency,
comments should identify and, if possi-
ble, provide any additional data which
may be available and should indicate
why such data is essential to the devel-
opment of the regulations.
In the event comments address the ap-
proach taken by the Agency in establish-
ing pretreatment standards for existing
sources, EPA solicits suggestions as to
what alternative approach should be
taken and why and how this alternative
better satisfies the detailed requirements
of section 307 (b) of the Act.
A copy of all public comments will be
available for inspection and copying at
the EPA Freedom t)f Information Cen-
ter, Room 204, West Tower, Waterside
Mall, 401 M Street SW., Washington,
D.C. 20460. The EPA information regula-
tion, 40 CFR 2, provides that a reason-
able fee may be charged for copying.
All comments received on or before
May 22, 1974, will be considered.
Date: April 15,1975.
RUSSELL E. TKAIN,
Administrator.
[FR Doe.76-10478 Filed 4-31-75;9:45 amj
4-1
FEDERAL BEGISTER, VOL. 40, NO. 78—TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 1975
-------
APPENDIX 5
POLLUTANT INTERFERENCE DATA
Effect on Biological Treatment Processes
Table & Figure No. Pollutant
5-1 Ammonia
5-2 Arsenic
5-3 Borate (Boron)
5-4 Cadmium
5-5 Chromium
5-6 Copper
5-7 Cyanide
5-8 Iron
5-9 Lead
5-10 Manganese
5-11 Mercury
5-12 Nickel
5-13 Silver
5-14 Sulfate
5-15 Sulfide
5-16 Zinc
-------
TABLE 5-1
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF AMMONIA
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
10
100
5-200
480
200-1000
1500-3000
3000
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
N
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
B
N
I
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
References
E-29
E-29
E-29
E-29
E-29
E-17, E-20
E-ll
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-1
-------
FIGURE 5-1
EFFECT OF AMMONIA
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
i
10
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
Inhibitory
iiiiiiiinimjiiii*
No Effect
Upset
LiM
No Effect
llltlHIIItlllllllllllllllM
Beneficial _
Inhibitory
iiiinin
1.0
10
100
1000 10000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-2
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF ARSENIC
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.1
0.1
1.0
1.6
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
I
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
Meta-Arsenate
AsCl,
4 mg/1 Sodium
Arsenate
References
E-29
E-21
E-21
E-5
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes
5-3
-------
FIGURE 5-2
EFFECT OF ARSENIC
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
Inhibitory
No Effect
Inhibitory
•f\r
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
10
far
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-3
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF BORATE (BORON)
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.005 -
0.05
0.05
0.4
2
7.4
10
50
74
100
740
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
I
N
N
I
I
I
I
U
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
50 mg/1 Sodium
Tetra-Borate
500 mg/1 Sodium
Tetra-Borate
5000 mg/1 Sodium
Tetra-Borate
References
E-29
E-5, E-29
E-8, E-9
E-128
E-8
E-9, E-29, E-4
E-29
E-8
E-44
E-8
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-5
-------
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
FIGURE 5-3
EFFECT OF BORON
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Utfset
MiU
Inhibitory
No Effect
h—
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-4
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CADMIUM
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.02
1
10 - 50
60
100
Activated
Sludge
Proces-ses
T
I
U
T
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
References
E-104
E-21
E-29
E-29
E-29
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-7
-------
FIGURE 5-4
EFFECT OF CADMIUM
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
00
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
Upset
L1Tril|————•"••""•••"I
Inhibitory
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-5
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CHROMIUM
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.005^
0.05
0.25
1
1
1
1.5
2.5
5
5
7
8.8
5-10
10
10
15
4
0-50
Activated
Sludge
Processes
B
N
I
T
I
I
I
T
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
T
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
U
U
I
I
Comments
K2Cr207
25% Loss in BOD
Removal
25 mg/1 I^C^Oy
29% Loss in BOD
Removal
Cr III
Cr III, No Effect
on Trickling
Filter Operation
References
E-5
E-119
E-5
E-5
A-l
A-l
E-13, E-29, E-ll
A-l
A-l
A-l
E-8
E-29, E-78
E-29, E-78
E-28
E-29
E-17
E-29
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-9
-------
TABLE 5-5 (continuted)
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CHROMIUM
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
50
50
50
50
100
100
300
300
500
500
430 + 1440
Effect On
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
I
I
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
N
U
U
U
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
I
U
Comments
3% Loss in BOD
Removal
Reduced Nitrifi-
cation by
66-78%
3% Loss in BOD
Removal
References
E-118
E-88
E-3
E-118, E-78
E-5
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-29
E-29
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-10
-------
FIGURE 5-5
EFFECT OF CHROMIUM
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
m
i
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
ItiHIIilMIIIIII
Inhibitory
No Effect
I-
Beneficial
Upset
Inhibitory
Upset
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
10
tor
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-6
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF COPPER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.005-
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5-0.56
0.7
1.0
1.0
1,0
1.2
2.4
2.5
Effect On
Activated
Sludge
Processes
B
T
T
N
N
T
T
N
I
I
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
I
Comments
With 5 mg/1 Zn
With CN
Toxic to all
Micro Organisms
Inhibition of
Micro Organisms
With CN
2% Loss in BOD
Removal
With 20 mg/1 Zn
4% Loss in BOD
Removal
References
E-29
E-100
E-2
E-33
E-5, E-29
E-118
E-5
E-2
E-29
E-l
A-l,E-2,E-5,E-24,
E-29.E-78.E-109
E-29
E-5, E-15
E-118
E-5, E-29
E-118
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes
5-12
-------
TABLE 5-6 (continuted)
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF COPPER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
3.6
4
5
5
5
10
10
10
1-10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
Activated
Sludge
Processes
U
I
I
I
I
I
N
T
I
I
I
I
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
N
N
T
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
With 8.6 mg/1 CN
6% Loss in BOD
Removal
3.6% Loss in BOD
Removal
With CN 7% Loss
in BOD Removal
With CN
With 100 mg/1 CN
With 10 mg/1 Ni
With 100 mg/1
Cr04=
With 100 mg/1 Fe
5.3% Loss in BOD
Removal
References
E-16
E-29
E-29
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-29
E-29
E-118
E-118
E-29
E-29
E-29
E-29
E-118
E-118
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-13
-------
TABLE 5-6 (continued)
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF COPPER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
15
25
25
30
45
50
50
64
75
100
210
410
1000
1000
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
U
U
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
I
I
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
With CN 2.5% Loss
in BOD Removal
Cuprous 14.9% Loss
in Gas Production
Cuprous 49.4% Loss
in Gas Production
References
E-129
E-118
E-118
E-29
E-43
E-29
E-29
E-118
E-29
E-2, E-118
E-118
E-118
E-29
E-29
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-14
-------
U1
i
M
01
Activated Sludge
Processes
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
FIGURE 5-6
EFFECT OF COPPER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Upset
Mliilll
Inhibitory
No Effect
••••nvBKi^Hin
Beneficial
Upset
Inhibitory
!••••
No Effect
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
10
for
Concentration rog/1
-------
TABLE 5-7
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CYANIDE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.01-
0.05
0.1
0.3-
0.5
0.34
1
1
1.6
2
2
2
2
2-3
3
4
5
21
30
30
Effect On
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
I
T
T
I
I
I
I
I
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
T
T
T
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
I
U
I
Comments
In Raw Sewage
0.65 mg/1 NaCN
Reduced Nitrifi-
cation by 75%
As HCN
5% Reduction in
BOD Removal
40 mg/1 NaCN
Interfered with
References
E-118
A-l, E-5,
E-21
E-5
A-l
A-l
A-l •
E-5
E-5
A-l, E-5
A-l, E-5
A-l, E-5
A-l, E-5
A-l, E-5
E-15
E-5
E-5
E-7
NOTES- Trickling
•^^•' Filter Operation
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes
5rl6
-------
TABLE 5-7 (continued)
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF CYANIDE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
40
100
100
100
480
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
I
I
U
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
With 10 mg/1 cu
With 10 mg/1 Ni
480 mg/1 KCN
References
E-29
E-5
E-29
E-29
E-29
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-17
-------
FIGURE 5-7
EFFECT OF CYANIDE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
M
cx>
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
pset
Inhibitory
No Effect
0.001 0.01
Inhibitory
Upset
Upset
IMlillitlUMiliiHMMil
Inhibitory
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration nig/1
-------
TABLE 5-8
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF IRON
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0
0
5
5
5-20
100
1000
Effect On
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
T
N
U
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
T
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
Lack of Iron
Inhibits Digestion
Lack of Iron
Reduces Metabolism
Due to Acidity
References
E-39, E-112
E-39, E-112
E-5
A-l
E-5, E-118
E-21
E-29
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-19
-------
FIGURE 5-8
EFFECT OF IRON
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
i
10
o
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
pset
^pn*t*
Inhibitory
I"
Inhibitory
^IIIHll
Inhibitory
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-9
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF LEAD
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
D.005-0.05
0.05
0.5
0.1-1.0
50
10-100
Acti vated
Sludge
Processes
N
I
N
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
N
I
Comments
References
E-5
E-100
E-5
E-5
E-21
E-29
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-21
-------
FIGURE 5-9
EFFECT OF LEAD
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
Ul
I
10
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
MllilllliMIIII
Inhibitory
No Effect
Inhibitory
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-10
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF MANGANESE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
7
10
50
12.5-50
50-100
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
I
U
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
B
Comments
References
E-29
E-29
E-21
E-29
E-29
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-23
-------
FIGURE 5-10
EFFECT OF MANGANESE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
V Anaerobic Digestion
^ Processes
Nitrification
Processes
0.001 0.01
Upset
Inhibitory
No Effect
Beneficial
0.1
1.0
10
100
100TT
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-11
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF MERCURY
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.1 - 1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5
2.5
2.5-5
5
5
5
10
43
50
200
1365
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
I
I
T
I
T
I
I
I
I
I
U
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
N
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
14% Loss in COD
Removal
40% Loss in COD
Removal
59% Loss in COD
Removal
References
E-28
E-28
E-29
E-21
E-29, E-122
E-29
E-70
E-122
E-29
E-29
E-18
E-29
E-29
E-18
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-25
-------
FIGURE 5-11
EFFECT OF MERCURY
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
10
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
I
TJ
pset
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
10
for
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-12
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF NICKEL
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
1
2
1-2.5
2.5
0.5-3
5
5
10
10
10
25
25
40
50
500
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
T
I
I
I
I
I
U
U
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
N
N
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
I
Comments
2.5% Loss in
BOD Removal
5% Loss in BOD
Removal
5% Loss in BOD
9.4% Reduction in
Gas Production
References
E-118
A-l
A-l
E-118
E-25, E-118
E-118
E-29
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-118
E-19
E-29
E-3
E-5
NOTES:
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes
5-27
-------
FIGURE 5-12
EFFECT OF NICKEL
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
m
i
to
00
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
0.001 0.01
t"
Inhibitory
No Effect
No Effect
Inhibitory
Inhibitory
0.1
1.0
10
Upset
100
1000
Concentration m.g/1
-------
TABLE 5-13
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF SILVER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
5
25
2-250
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
U
N
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
84% Loss in BOD
Removal
As Thiosulfate
References
E-8, E-9
E-21
E-8, E-9, E-120,
A-l
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-29
-------
FIGURE 5-13
EFFECT OF SILVER
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
U1
o
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
mil minium iiini
Upset
Inhibitory
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-14
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF SULFATE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
500
2400
>2400
Activated
Sludge
Processes
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
I
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
12* Reduction in
Gas Production
References
E-ll, E-17
E-19
E-19
NOTES:
B =
N =
T •
I =
U =
Beneficial
No Effect
Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
Inhibitory
Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes
5-31
-------
FIGURE 5-14
EFFECT OF SULFATE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
en
i
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
K
Upset
Inhibitory
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
iooa
-------
TABLE 5-15
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF SULFIDE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
25-50
50
50-100
100
100
165
200
200
200
400
400
Effect On
Activated
Sludge
Processes
I
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
I
N
I
I
U
U
N
I
N
I
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
Comments
50% Reduction in
Gas Production
33% Loss in Gas
Production
With Acclimation
80% Reduction in
Gas Production
FeS
95% Reduction in
Gas Production
References
E-35
E-20
E-120
E-19
E-20
E-19
E-19
E-35, E-120
E-20
E-35
E-20
NOTES;
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
5-33
-------
FIGURE 5-15
EFFECT OF SULFIDE
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
in
I
U)
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
[Inhibitory
Upset
Inhibitory
No Effect
0.001 0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
TABLE 5-16
DATA SUMMARY
EFFECT OF ZINC
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Concentration
mg/1
0.005-
0.08
0.3
0.08-0.5
0.08-0»5
1
2.5
5
5
2.5-10
10
5-10
10
,10
10
10-20
20
20
20
Activated
Sludge
Processes
N
T
I
I
N
T
T
N
T
I
N
I
I
Effect On
Anaerobic
Digestion
Processes
T
N
T
U
Nitrifi-
cation
Processes
I
Comments
With 10 mg/1 Cd
With CN
2% Loss in BOD
Removal
2% Loss in BOD
Removal
References
E-29
E-33
E-29
E-100
E-29
E-118
A-l, E-7
E-29, E-35
E-29
E-118*
E-29
E-3
E-118
E-22
E-6, E-78
E-118
E-118
E-67
1000
NOTES:
I
E-5
B = Beneficial
N = No Effect
T = Threshold for Inhibitory Effects
I = Inhibitory
U = Upset
Concentrations represent influent to the unit processes.
-------
FIGURE 5-16
EFFECT OF ZINC
ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Processes
01
Anaerobic Digestion
Processes
Nitrification
Processes
Inhibitory
mi mi i mi mi nun
No Effect
inmiiiii
0.001 0.01
Upset
No Effect
Inhibitory
H
Inhibitory
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
Concentration mg/1
-------
APPENDIX 6
POLLUTANT REMOVAL AND PASS THROUGH DATA
Computer Report No. 1 - Summary of POTW Removal Data
by EPA Region.
Computer Report No. 2 - POTW Categorization.
Computer Report No. 3 - POTW Removal Data, Reference
Information.
Computer Report No. 4 - POTW Removal Data Analysis,
24 Hr. Composite - 6 Hr. Simultaneous Composite,
Comparison of Results.
Computer Report No. 5 - POTW Removal Data Analysis, by
Plant category.
Computer Report No. 6 - Summary of POTW Removal Data.
Computer Report No. 7 - POTW Effluent Data Analysis.
Computer Report No. 8 - Summary of POTW Effluent Data.
Table 6-1 - Cumulative Frequency Distribution of
Removal Data.
Table 6-2 - Cumulative Frequency Distribution of
Effluent Data.
Evaluation of Limited Data
Table 6-3 - Removal and Effluent Data Summary for Oil
and Grease, Cyanide and Hexavalent Chromium
Table 6-4 - Removal in Biological Plants with Chemical
Addition, and Tertiary Plants
Table 6-5 - Removal in Biological and Secondary Treat-
ment Plants
Correlation Analyses
-------
APPENDIX 6
POLLUTANT REMOVAL AND PASS THROUGH DATA (continued)
Regression Analyses
Table 6-6 - Correlation Coefficient
Table 6-7 - Correlation Coefficient (Log)
Table 6-8 - Regression Analyses - Influent Cone. (X)
vs. Effluent Cone. (Y)
-------
OF PW(M*eM6V«_ DATA BY EPA REGION DATE 5/15/75
PLANT TYPE
ft-1 0fHŁ-Ff a B-J OTHER B Cl OTHER C 0>J,(MISC) TOTAL
REGION
I |S 06 0 12 0 0 33
U 33 3 9 9 5 10 0 69
ff* -6- 5 3 9 1 5 1 24
IV 5259345 33
V 14 0 14 11 23 19 6 87
VI 00110002
Jig* 406162019
Vftif t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
f» ««e-eoo«o
X 10001002
72 10 44 40 51 40 12 269
-------
RFPORT NO. t POTW CATEGORIZATION 5/15/75 DATE
CATEGORY OE SCRIPT io<
A PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TREATMENT PROCESS
AOl CONVENTIONAL
A02 FLASH AERATION uhEAiJ OF CL AW IF 1CAT IUN
A03 CHEMICAL FLCCCIILATION, CLARIFICATION
A04 LlMt, FERRIC CHLORIDE AUUU10N, PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION, CLARIFICATION
AOS PREAFRATION, POLYMER ADDITION, PRIMARY SEDIMATION
B TRICKLING FILTER
BOI 401, TRICKLING FILTER, CLARIFIED
B02 AOl, TF-HIGH KATE, CLARIFIED
B03 A04, TRICKLING FILTKH, CLAP1FJEH
BO* AOl, TF-? IN SERIES, CLARIFIER
80S AOl, TF-2 HIGH HATE IN SEKTFS. CLAR1FIER
C ACTIVATED SLUDGE
Col AOl, ACTIVATFO SLUDGE, CLARIFIEH
C02 EXTENDED AERATION, CLAK1FIEW-NO PRIMARY SETT-IlMb
Cfl3 A04, ACflVATPO SLUOOf , CLAKiFIEK
Co* AOl, AS-POLYMER ADDITION, CLARIFIER
COS AOl, AS-STEP AF.KATION, CLARIFIEH
C06 AOl, AS-HIGH RATE, CLARIFIER
Co? coi, POLISHING LAGOON
COS EXTENDED AERATIUlM, ? POLISHING LAGOONS IN SERIFS-NO PRIMARY SETTLING
C09 All, AS-KRALS PROCESS
ClO AOl, AS-KRAUS PROCESS,
-------
«t*»ORT NO, 2
POTW CATEGORIZATION
5/15/75 DATE
CATEGORY
DESCRIPTION
NO. OF PLANTS
PERCENT OP TOTAL
.01
v
-------
REPORT NO. 3
REF.NO.
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.0}
5.02
6.00
7.01
7.02
8.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.no
15.00
15.01
J5.02
15.03
15.04
15.05
15.06
15.07
m 15.08
1 16.00
*" 18.00
19.00
20.00
21*00
22.00
23»00
24.00
25.01
25.02
25.03
26.00
?8»fl
-------
KFPORT NO.
REF.NO.
SAMPLING
CATEGOHY
PnTW REMOVAL DATA
REFERENCE INFORMATION
SAMPLING DATE
DATE 5/15/75
PAGE 2
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51,00
52.f>0
^3.00
54.no
55.00
56.00
57. PO
58.00
5S.01
59.00
59,01
60.00
61.01
61.02
61.03
61.04
65.01
65.02
68.00
69.00
71.no
72.00
73.00
74.00
75.00
76.no
77.no
78.00
78.01
81.01
81 .02
81.01
Bl .04
fll.ns
fll.nft
92. ni
92. n?
92. ni
Q /* • 0 Ł4
Q ? • 0 ^
92. of.
92.08
Q2.09
9?. 1 0
92. 1 1
804-06H
C01-05A
C01-05H
C04-07A
C06-06A
C19-01H
C19-03H
C19-04G
C20-04A
C2U-06a
D01-04H
D02-04A
C01-01H
J01-01H
H03-05U
:03-04U
C14-09A
B02-08G
C01-05G
C01-07G
C01-U9u
A01-100
C01-08G
C01-08G
801-06G
B01-06G
H02-06G
C01-05G
B02-06G
A01-07G
A02-06G
tt02-05d
tin 1 -U9b
B05-1 Oi>
A01-09G
AOl-OflF
A01-080
HO 1-070
CO 1-06"
A01-06G
AQ1-07«
A01-07A
H01-07A
an 1 -06A
60 1 -0^-fl
A01-06'
/VQ1-07A
A 0 1 - 0 6 A
A01-06A
i-Ol -C^A
FC024S
G
C 0?4$
b
C 024S
C 024S
C 024S
FC024S
C 024S
C 024S
C 024S
C 024S
C 0?4S
C 0?4S
FC02tS
FC024S
FC024S
FC024R
FC024H
FC024K
FC024R
KC S
FC S
G
FC024S
FCOP4S
FC034S
f C024S
FC024S
FC024S
FC024S
^ CO?4S
Ij H
G ^
i-C S
Ft S
FC S
KC S
KC S
FC S
C 006S
C 006S
C OOfab
L Of)6S
C OOhS
C 006S
C 006S
C 006S
C OObS
L 0 0 h S
741023
7411717
740fOH
741022
740807
740723
740716
740522
740813
741106
740730
740710
740501
740501
740716
740716
740709
6310
6312
6307
6309
730622
730622
7301
741030
741106
741009
741106
741022
741126
741022
741121
730 /
730?
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
THRU
6311
730802
730802
7312
/406
7406
7207
7207
7207
7207
7207
7207
REMARKS
EVERY 3 MR
EVERY 4 HR
FVERY HR
EVERY 3 HR
EVERY 2 HR
EVERY 2 HR
EVERY 2 MM
EVERY 2 HR
HOURLYfUOAY AVG
HOURLY. SOAY AVG
HOURLY* 14DAY «VG
HOURLY, 140AY AVG
DAILY, W* CUMP AVG
DAILY, WK COMP AVG
COMP WEEKLY »YR AVG
EVERY 30 MIN
FVERY 30
(-.VERY 30
EVERY
EVERY 30 MIN
EVERY 30 MIN
tvERY 30 MIN
COMP MONTHLY, AVG
COMP MONTHLY»AVG
DAILY, 2WK COMP AVG
DAILY, 2toK COMP AVG
DAILY, 2WK COMP AVG
DAILY, 2WK COMP AVG
DAILY, 2WK COMP AVG
DAILY, 2WK COMP AVG
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY is MIN
tVERY 15 MIN
tVERY 15 MIN
fVERY 15 MIN
EVERY is MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
KVERY 15 MIN
MAJOR
INDUSTRY
NONE
PLATING
NONE
PLASTIC,MACM
NONE
NONE
PLASTIC
NONE
NONE
NONE
POTW
CONTROL
-------
REPORT NO. 3
REF.NO.
«*»«
92.13
92.14
92.17
92.18
92.19
92*?0
92.21
92.22
92.23
97.01
97.02
97.03
97.05
97.06
97.07
97.06
97,09
97.10
97.11
97.12
97.14
97.17
97.18
97. ?1
97.23
97.26
97.27
97.28
97.29
97,30
97.31
97,32
97»33
97.35
150.00
153.00
154.00
155.00
156.00
158.00
160.00
163.00
164.00
165.00
1*6.90
1*7. OJ
202.00
CATEGORY
BO 1 -OTA
B01-06A
B01-07A
A01-07A
C01-05A
C01-07A
C01-06A
C01-06A
A01-06B
A01-08B
C01-078
BO 1-068
C01-07B
A01-06E
A01-07B
801-07U
801-088
C05-078
C01-06A
C01-088
C05-086
B02-07C
C01-11C
C01-10B
A01-07A
C01-08C
601-07C
A01-07A
C01-06A
A01-06A
C05-Q6F
B04-06A
B04-07C
A01-06A
AO 1*068
CO 1-06 A
BOt- 4*A
C07-06G
C01-02H
B01-07G
C08-02G
C01.07A
COU06G
B01.06A
flOi-»06A
801.050
804.060
Aftt^ftl^jfc
A01-06F
SAMPLING
PBOCEOURE
C 006S
C 0065
C 0065
C 006S
C 0065
C 0065
C Ł065
C 0065
C 0065
C 006S
C 0245
C 024S
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 024-S
C 0245
C 024S
C 0245
C 024S
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 024S
C 024S
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 024S
C 024S
C 0245
C 0245
C 024S
C 0245
C 024S
C 0?4-S
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0245
C 0Ł4S
C 024
C D24S
-C OftftK
C 0065
POTW REMOVAL DATA
REFERENCE INFORMATION
SAMPLING DATE
DATE 5/15/75
PAGE 3
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
6506
7201
7201
72&1
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
7201
740705
740626
740622
740621
740621
740618
740618
740827
741028
741028
741028
741028
7446*4
740516
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
FHRu 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
THRU 7205
740706 740707
740623
740622 740623
740622 740623
740619 740620
THRU 740901
THRU 741030
THRU 741030
INf 741029 EFF
THRU 741031
7^0304
740201
REMARKS
MAJOR
INDUSTRY
POTW
CONTROL
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
EVERY
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
EVERY HR» AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG 5 DAILY COMP
AVG 2 DAILY COMP
AVG 2 DAILY COMP
AVG
AVG
AVG
3 QAILY COMP
NONE
DYE
METAL PLAT
PLAT,DAIRY
PLAT,MEAT PKG
-------
KG.
UATA
H'tFFRtNCfc INt-OHMATlON
DATt 5/lS/7b
PAGE 4
RFP.NO.
203.00
204. on
2o5.no
206.00
207.00
208.00
209.no
210.00
21 l.no
212.no
213.00
214-.00
2l5.no
216. no
2l7.no
218.00
219.00
220.00
221.no
2?3.nn
2?4.no
225.no
226.00
227.no
229.00
231.00
232. no
233.00
234.00
235.00
236.00
237.00
238.00
239.00
240.00
241. PO
242.00
243.00
245.00
246.00
248.00
250.00
251.00
252.00
253.00
254.00
255.00
256.00
257.00
258.00
CATt'GO^Y
H02-07H
«01-07A
A03-06A
A01-05A
B01-06H
A01-06A
A01-05A
ri01-07A
A01-06*
A01-09A
A04-060
B01-06H
A01-06H
A01-06H
A0.1-OPC
A01-09L!
801-06H
C01-09A
B01-06A
A01-08A
A01-06A
A01-08A
A01-05A
A01-06A
A01-07A
ri02-06b
A01-09A
b)02-06A
A01-08A
A01-08A
&01-06A
riO?-06A
A01-06A
C05-04A
A01-05A
A01-05A
A01-01A
A01-03A
A01-01A
H02-06A
B01-05A
A01-03A
B01-06A
A01-05A
C01-07A
b02-05«
S02-05A
C01-06B
C01-OAA
R02-06A
<;.-t«PL ING
PKOCtUUKE
C
C
I.
C
c
c
c
c
c.
c
c
c
c
c
c
L
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
nn6s
OObS
npbs
OObS
006S
0065
006S
d(U>s
(lObb
00 OS
006S
006S
OOfeS
(1065
HObS
UObS
0065
0065
0065
nnbS
OObS
OObS
006S
0065
OObS
OObS
nobS
OObS
006S
0065
006S
onhs
OObS
OObS
0065
0065
006S
ones
OObS
006S
024
024
0?4
0?4
n?<»
02t
024
024
024
0?4
SAMPLING DAlt
740626
740618
740*16
740108
740506
740429
74iil]fl
740J?7
740429
740dl2
740531
740207
740701
74050B
740131
730927
740621
740702
740626
740401
740619
740621
740114
740604
740221
740228
740513
740809
740618
740506
74012S
740424
740627
740125
740122
740201
740617
740424
740618
740301
740205
740328
740124
740220
740129
740129
740326
740220
740827
741017
730828
740318
740208
730731
7«»0115
740307
740221
730907
740308
730925
740114
731220
740226
740315
731119
7402^7
730906
730223
740129
731220
740919
0709 0808
0820 1010
0418 0611
0620 0711
0815 1010
0606 0827
1022 1126
0919
1?12
0702
0801
1210
1022
KEMAKIVS
...A
MAJOR
INOUSTWY
POTW
CONTROL
NONE
AVG
flVG
AVG
NONF
NONE
NONE
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
1974 AVG
AND 741008 1212AVG
1974 AVG
0813 0904 1001
0813 0910 1001
1974 AVG
1126 1974 AVG
1974 AVG
AVG
AVG
-------
REPORT NO. 3
CATEGORY
SAMPLING
POTW REMOVAL DATA
REFERENCE INFORMATION
SAMPLING DATE
REMARKS
DATE 5/15/75
PAGE 5
MAJOR
INDUSTRY
POTW
CONTROL
CO
260.00
263.00
264.00
266.00
267.00
269.00
270.00
271.0O
272.00
274.00
276.PO
277.00
280*00,
281.00
282.00
284.00
285.00
286.00
287,00
288.00
291.00
292.00
Ł95*00
296*00
297.00
299.00
300.00
301.00
302.00
303,01
304.00
305.00
306.00
307*00
308.00
Jt/ f • "if i&. 7306?2
730618 THRU 730620
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
AVG
EVERY is
EVERY 6 MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY id MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY 6 MIN
EVERY 15 MIN
15 MIN,2 DAY AVG
EVERY 15 MIN
EVERY HH
EVERY MR
EVERY fe)R
EVERY 3HR
EVERY HR.INF GRAB
EVERY HR
INF BY POTW EON
EVERY 2HR
EVERY HR
EVERY 1 MR
314.02
C01-06G
730621 THRU 730623
DAIRY
MEAT PACKING
BREWERY
NONE
POTATO CHIP
PAINT. OIL
METAL.PLASTIC
METAL
SLAUGHTER
DAIRY PROD
NONE
METAL
METAL
NONE
NONE
METAL
NONE
PAPER MILL
FOOD PROCESS
MFG,DAIRY
TEXTILE DYE
DAIRY-PLASTIC
NONE
ROOFING MFG.
PAPER-PAINT
-------
RFPORT NO. 3
REF.NO.
CATEGORY
315.
-------
REPORT NO.4
NOTEl (NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED)
POTm REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS
24 HR COMPOSITE - 6 HR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE, COMPARISON OF RESULTS
PAGE 1
5/23/75
Al
Bl
Cl
00550 OIL-GREASE
TOT-SXLT MG/L
00556 OIL-GRtAbE
SEP-FUNNEL MG/L
00560 OIL-GREASE
INFRARED MG/L
00500 RESIDUE
TOTAL, TS MG/l
f 00530 RESIDUE
M TOT NFLT» SS MG/L
o
00310 BOD
50AY MG/L
00340 COD
HI LF.Vti. MG/L
00335 COO
LOW LEVEL MG/L
0034? SEA COO
SALINE MG/L
NO.
MAX
MJN
MEAN
<:Tn.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STQ.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
sro.oev
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
5.00
64.81
12.50
39.63
23.68
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.00
40. 9t>
1.37
11.60
11:78
15.00
67. 7H
21.45
41.37
15.41
11.00
39.26
0.0
17.60
13.92
10.00
81.77
4.68
27.15
22.12
1.00
19.39
19.39
19.39
0.00
2.00
19.39
0.0
9.70
13.71
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.00
44.82
5.15
27.65
13.11
27.00
91.89
16.79
57.20
17.75
37.00
88.70
0.0
34.87
22.60
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24
2.00
62.00
22.00
42.00
28.28
1.00
95.50
95.50
95.50
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.00
31.40
0.62
18.42
7.96
23.00
96.55
2b.86
70.39
19.43
IB. 00
95.20
41.43
76.74
15-07
15.00
93.32
34.38
68.64
17.03
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
78.48
61.65
71.15
8.62
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
63.33
14.03
37.70
19.19
6.00
96. 5»
19.72
68.94
37.34
9.00
90.88
4.76
69.10
31.38
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
Q.O
24
4.00
Sfl.49
1.29
66.57
38.26
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.00
63.91
7.44
3?. 85
16.12
29,00
9B.54
33.33
78.21
20.19
25.00
97.58
51.22
84.27
13.18
19.00
92.86
23.70
71.95
17.41
1.00
91.72
91.72
91.72
0.00
5.00
93.35
5?. 34
75.03
1.6.. 10
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
51.64
12.30
34.14
20.03
9.00
97.37
40.32
73.54
21.23
13.00
96.84
64. 58
86.49
9. BO
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
REPORT NO.4
NOTE: (NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED)
PARAMETERS
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS
24 HR COMPOSITE - 6 HH SIMULTANEOUS COMPUSIft, COMPARISON OF RESULTS
PAGE 2
5/23/75
Al
Bl
Cl
24
32730
PHENOL ICS
4AAP DISTIL UG/L
00945
00665
SULFATE
MG/L
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS MG/L
00610
AMMONIA
<* 00625
H- KjELDAHL,
H
0100? TOT
AS
01027 TOT
cn
01034 TOT
CR
01051 TOT
PB
NITROGEN,
MG/L
NITROGEN,
TOTAL. MG/L
ARSEMC
UG/L
CADMIUM
UG/L
CHROMIUM
UG/L
LEAD
UG/L
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MTN
MEAN
STO.UEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.QEV
NO.
MAA
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO.
MAX
MTN
MEAiN
STD.UEV
NO.
MAX
Ml IN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OtV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
1.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
0.00
4.00
57.89
0.0
16.06
27. 9S
5.00
16. 2b
O.'J
9.65
6.42
10.00
61.05
0.0
19.08
21.08
6.00
59.72
U.O
21.32
21.88
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
13.00
25.00
0.0
5.77
10.96
14.00
80.00
0.0
31.49
32.10
15.00
88.24
0.0
16.66
29.12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.00
27.78
0.0
7.12
10.93
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.00
64.29
0.0
20.91
14.97
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
9.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
*«»««»»
11.00
66.67
0.0
18.11
P2.99
8.00
50.00
0.0
18.75
20.77
6.00
79.41
0.0
50.57
30.26
4.00
79.74
2.80
34.2V
32.44
11.00
52.54
9.14
26.12
14.25
15.00
99.49
2.78
47.81
29.37
10.00
85.31
7.00
40.36
26.48
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
13.0,0
75.00
0.0
24.24
28.80
17.00
98.94
0.0
47. 8J
32.42
15.00
92.97
0.0
36.22
29.96
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
43.75
17.14
28.66
12-40
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
37.50
5.26
17. 0«
13.71
1.00
93.68
93.68
93.68
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
*******
6.00
50.00
0.0
20.00
24.49
3.00
90.00
0.0
30.00
51.96
a. oo
98.26
n.o
52.90
37.05
5.00
25.42
5.71
18.40
7.51
20.00
92.31
9.72
49.96
26.34
21.00
98.00
3.79
45.49
33.68
10.00
91 .67
10.71
37.00
25.89
1.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
0.00
15.00
80.00
0.0
18.36
29.97
21.00
98.33
0.0
61.41
33.02
24.00
95.00
0.0
46.80
3?. 43
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
38.57
0.0
19.29
27.27
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.00
84.21
6.69
36.23
23.75
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0.
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
-------
RFPORT NO. it
NOTE: (NEGATIVE
PARAMETERS
REMOVALS DELETED)
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS
24 HH COMPOSITE - 6 HR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE, COMPARISON OF RESULTS
PAGE 3
5/23/75
Al
'M9oo TOT MERCURY
HG UG/L
0104? TOT COPPER
Cti UG/L
01097 TOT ANTIMONY
UG/l.
01067 TOT NICKEL
NI UG/L
01147 TOT SELENIUM
UG/L
01077 TOT SILVER
AG UG/L
01092 TOT ZINC
ZN UG/L
01102 TOT TIN
UG/L
00680 TOT ORG CARBON
fOTAL.TOC MG/L
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NU.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.BE v
a. oo
75.00
0.0
31.70
34.10
15.00
77.27
0.0
32.54
27.12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.00
92.19
0.0
9. 64
25.43
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.00
66.67
0.0
37.33
21.99
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.00
50.94
6.82
24.06
16.20
7.00
75.00
0.0
26.43
30.51
IB. 00
46. Ha
0.0
13.17
15. 84
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
»««««*«
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.00
68.75
0.0
19.70
19.27
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0
22.00
56.43
0.0
24.69
is.ae
Bl
6.00
61.54
0.0
30.93
26.19
19.00
95.23
16.67
54.4>J
23.79
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.00
86.39
0.0
19. 9b
25.61
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.00
87.88
0.0
47.74
24.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
76.76
60.59
70.51
8.69
2.00
66.67
50.00
58.33
11.79
7.00
85.00
0.0
49.57
33.46
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
«*««»««
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
70.42
20.00
42.05
18.54
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
84.13
56.32
72.35
11.44
Cl
?4
17.. 00
99.58
n.o
SO. 74
30.20
25.00
9?. 31
14.29
63.10
?2.54
n.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.00
80.00
0.0
21.67
24.39
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.00
99.29
0.0
62.87
27.13
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
4.00
87.78
70.90
78.07
7.04
1.00
81.25
81.25
HI. 25
0.00
5.00
64.29
25.00
46.52
16.93
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
66.67
52.94
59.80
9.71
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
74.07
41.94
64.12
15.10
-------
REPORT NO.4
NOTE: (NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED)
POTW REMOVAL UAfA ANALYSIS
24 HR COMPOSITE - (S HP, SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE, COMPARISON OF RESULTS
PAGE 4
5/23/75
Al
24
HI
Cl
0110* TOT ALUMINUM
AL UG/L
01045 TOT IPON
FF UG/L
OlOSc TOT "A.vGANESt
MN >JG/I.
0072" CYANlRtt
TOTAL MG/L
3H260 I"PAS
MG/I
0103' MFXAVfLEi\T
CHRO'TU"* UP/I. AS Ctv
On60=; MTROGEN,
ORGANIC MG/L
00666 HISSOLVEO
PHOSPHOPU? MG/L.
01040 CGHPtU,
DissoLvro MC-/L AS Cu
NO.
MAX
MTU
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO,
MAX
MIN
N>FA|\!
STD.UtV
NlO.
MAX
MJiM
Mt'fiN
s ro.uEv
NU.
MAX
^ I N
l*FAi\
STII.UtV
NT,.
I»-AX
MJC.
M r-" A IM
STD.OtV
NO.
iv'AX
,V1JI\I
N'fAlw
STU.Dt V
^U.
MAX
MF.AiV
STD.UtV
NO.
MAX
M.TN
MFAN
STD.UEV
NO.
MAX
Mil1*
MEAK
STD.UEV
1.00
10. HI
10. 8/
10.87
0.00
10.00
88.8-3
13.7-^
37. 3J
24. 9/
6.00
33. 3J
2.9U
12. 1-J
10.87
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
u.Ou
2.00
90.H6
1 n.6 1
50. 7b
56.71
3.00
0.0
0.0
0 . 0
»»»*«»*
3.0U
63.6"*
30.49
31.41
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.u
0.0
o.o
H.OO
75.00
0.0
19.45
7.00
81.25
0.0
29.89
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.U
O.u
0.0
O.U
O.U
O.U
0.0
O.U
7.00
69.23
9.09
43.66
21.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.U
23.00
65.00
0.0
18.7^
17.07
2.00
41.67
0.0
20.83
29. 4b
9.00
f9.86
U.O
42.45
22.10
5.0')
bt.54
16.5?
4b.36
1H.OV
2.01
0.0
0.0
0.0
iHXHHHHt
5.00
76.24
Jb.4?
60.40
22. OS
b.OU
6U.O'J
o.n
29. 4^
30.02
4.0d
66.67
U.O
35.41)
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.n
o.o
3.0U
a/, so
4h.6 '
6.3.39
21.40
3.01'
u.n
U.O
0.0
««*«»«»
o.n
u.n
o.n
U.O
o.o
u.o
U.O
o.o
o.o
o.o
u.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
U.O
2.00
75.no
66.67
70. H3
1.00
14.81
14.81
14.6)
O.OU
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
U.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.00
62.50
0.0
37.24
23.09
24
?.oo
31.03
0.0
15.52
21 .94
15.00
97.67
7.70
59.73
?9.85
4.00
42.86
3.33
IP. 83
17.63
4.00
98.21
0.0
54.86
44.78
6.00
93.52
33.76
63.70
24.52
4.00
54.29
0.0
13.57
?7.14
9.00
94.60
14.49
61.30
27.71
2.00
49.15
43.42
46.29
4.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
97.50
42.66
77.79
30.34
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
85.71
76.92
81.81
4.09
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.00
87.50
12. SO
56.09
28.97
-------
REPORT NO.4
NOTE: (NEGATIVE REMOVALS DfcLETEO)
POTW RtMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS
24 HH COMPOSITE - 6 HR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE, COMPARISON OF RESULTS
PAGE 5
5/23/75
24
Al
ffl
1
t--
t*
01030
DISSOLVED
0104<5
DISSOLVED
01065
DISSOLVED
01025
DISSOLVED
01056
DISSOLVED
71890
DISSOLVED
7Q507
PHOSPHATE
00690
CHRQMIUM.
MG/L AS CR
LEAD,
MG/L AS PB
NICKEL,
MG/L AS Nl
CADMIUM,
MG/L AS CD
MANGANESE,
MG/I. AS MN
MERCURY,
MC/L AS HG
TOT ORTHO-
MG/L
TOT CARBOI*
MG/L AS c
NO.
MAX
WIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NU.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.
MAX
MTN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STB.BEV
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1*00
6.10
6.10
6.10
o.oc
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0
28.00
80.65
0.0
15.59
22.92
31.00
66.67
0.0
10.22
21.81
29.00
50.00
0.0
4.09
12.58
31.00
25.00
0.0
0.81
4.49
18.00
21.43
0.0
5.65
7.14
20.00
84.21
0.0
21.28
26.16
21.00
82.93
0.0
28.12
20.66
26.00
57.01
0.0
22.29
16*05
81
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.00
5o.no
u.o
8*33
20.41
6.0U
90.00
0.0
33.06
40.69
6.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
»»•«»»«
6.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
•*»**»*
5.00
35.71
0.0
12.14
17.05
2.00
50.00
22.22
36.11
19.64
4.00
25.42
9.09
16.15
6.82
5.00
83.80
52.09
68.35
12.71
?4
C]
0.0
0.0
0.0
n.o
o.o
O.P
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
P.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.00
65.67
0.0
22.61
28.92
9.00
0.0
0.0
, 0.0
«»»**•»
9.00
55.56
0.0
12.23
24.28
9.00
57.14
0.0
11.90
23.69
5.00
92.86
0.0
34.57
37.57
7.00
14.29
0.0
2.04
5.40
8.00
63.64
2.33
38.43
22.45
4.00
61. 3J
34.02
52.29
12.76
-------
REPORT NO.4
NOTE! (NEGATIVE: REMOVALS DELETED)
PARAMETFRS
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS PAGE 6
24 HR COMPOSITE - 6 HR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE, COMPARISON OF RESULTS 5/23/75
Al
24
00650
PHOSPHATE
00671
TOTAL
MG/L
DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPH4 TE MG/L
01037
01007
COBALT, TOT
U(VL as CO
BARIUM, TOT
UG/L AS BA
NO.
"AX
M'IN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO,
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NU.
MftX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
3.00
46.55
1.56
18.67
24. 3S
2.00
20.00
J.&-4
13.95
8.56
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
9.00
34.88
7.69
22.47
9.42
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24
2.0'V
11.75
1.35
6.55
7.35
3.00
50.59
2.17
24.13
24.52
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.n
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
53.57
41. 1H
45.56
6.95
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ci
24
4.00
24.10
16.98
20. B3
3.49
2.00
96.80
84.21
90.51
8.90
0.0
0.0
0.0
n.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
63.16
39.39
48.16
13.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ffl
I
-------
REPORT NO.^
NOTE! NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
(PARAMETERS CATFbOKY
V >
00550 OIL-GREASE NO.POTW
TOT-SXLT MG/L MAX
POTW RtMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
PAbt 1
5.00
04.81
12.50
00556 OIL-GREASE
SEP-FUNMtL MG/L
00560 OIL-dREASF
INFRARED MG/L
00500 HFSIODE
TOTAL, TS MG/L
00530 HFSIUUE
a. TOT NFLT, S3 MG/L
I
i_i
a\
00310 BOD
5DAY MG/L
MF.AN
STH.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIlj
MEAN
STO.DFt/
NO. POTW
MAX
M I N
MK AN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
^EAll
STO.DEi/
NO.POTw
MAX
MIN
,VEAN
STO.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
v IN
MKAN
'39.63
2J.9"
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.U
0.0
0.0
0.0
[i.O
v i . o o
44. &
-------
REPORT NO.5
NOTE: NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
IPARAMETERS CATEGORY
v *>
32730 PHENOLICS NO.POTW
4AAP DISTIL UG/L MAX
MIN
MEAN
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
PAGE 2
00945
SULFATE
MG/L
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
00665 TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS MG/L
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
Mf AN
STO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
00625 NITROGEN, NO,POTW
KJELOAHL, TOTAL MG/L MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UtV
00610
AMMONIA
NITROGEN,
MG/L
0100? TOT ARSENIC
AS UG/L
01027 TOT CADMIUM
CO
UG/L
01034 TOT CHROMIUM
CR UG/L
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DtV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
01051 TOT LEAD
PB
NO.POTW
UG/L MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
Al
1.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
0.00
13.00
57.89
0.0
9.88
17.14
5.00
16.25
0.0
9.65
6.42
38.00
64.29
0.0
20.43
16.50
6.00
59.72
0.0
21.3?
21.88
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
28.00
45.45
0.0
6.37
12.17
31.00
80.00
0.0
25.43
26.36
28.00
88.24
0.0
20.10
25.04
OTHER A
1.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
52.38
20.00
32.23
17.59
7.00
26.87
1.15
15.37
8.65
1.00
24.39
?4.39
24.39
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.00
76.47
0.0
25.49
44.15
6.00
69.15
7.89
33.47
26.12
8.00
77.88
0.0
32.08
29.53
81
7.00
79.41
0.0
52.14
27.94
8.00
79.74
2.80
31.48
22.93
14.00
53.57
9.14
27.90
14.53
23.00
99.49
2.78
38.86
27.52
12.00
93.68
7.00
46.33
28.70
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
18.00
75.00
0.0
24.65
27.08
27.00
98.94
0.0
41.92
31.68
21.00
93.42
0.0
40.26
33.29
OTHER 8
5.00
85.00
7.74
48.18
31.35
3.00
18.18
6.38
12.69
5.94
12.00
99.42
0.0
30.03
32.64
26.00
98.98
0.0
45.26
33.49
9.00
88.72
16.86
59.02
26.89
3.00
33.33
0.0
22.22
19.24
18.00
66.67
0.0
13.96
21.86
22.00
85.71
0.0
33.83
28.44
21.00
84.62
0.0
31.98
29.68
Cl
6.00
98.26
0.0
52.90
37.05
8.00
38.57
0.0
17.28
12.40
22.00
92.31
9.72
50.44
25.20
32.00
98.00
3.79
42.58
30.24
10.00
91.67
10.71
37.00
25.89
1.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
0.00
19.00
80.00
0.0
15.08
27.32
27.00
98.33
0.0
60.15
32.23
29.00
95.00
0.0
42.96
32.83
OTHER C
10.00
96.05
69.23
84.68
9.57
7.00
64.58
0.0
11.52
23.63
19.00
90.60
0.0
40.79
27.87
22.00
99.70
9.76
60.50
31.57
8.00
93.60
4.55
53.62
33.40
6.00
60.00
0.0
19.72
30.56
29.00
87.69
0.0
15.56
25.88
33.00
92.31
0.0
37.43
32.13
28.00
90.65
0.0
36.31
31.99
5/23/75
MISC(D.J)
4.00
89.47
0.0
64.69
43. 22
1.00
60.69
60.69
60.69
0.00
5.00
69.74
20.91
42.34
20.16
7.00
97.00
0.0
70.19
37.25
0.0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
50.00
0.6
16.00
23.02
6.00
77.01
0.0
37.72
36.95
8.00
93.33
6.25
43.35
32.46
-------
REPORT NO.5
NOTE: NEGflTIVF REMOVALS DELETED
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
71900 TOT MERCURY
HG UG/L
0104? TOT COPPER
Cu UG/L
01097 TOT ANTIMONY
UG/L
01067 TOT NICKEL
NI UG/L
01147 TOT SELENIUM
m UG/L
h->
00
01077 TOT SILVER
AG UG/L
0109? TOT ZINC
ZN UG/L
0110? TOT TIN
UG/L
00660 TOT ORG CARBON
T0?*l,.TOC M6/L
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STU.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OtV
NO.HUTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DtV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POT*
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.UEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MM
MfK
MEAN
STD.BEV
Al
19.00
75.00
0.0
29.79
28.65
39.00
77.27
0.0
23.8
-------
REPORT NO.5
NOTE: NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
PAGE.
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
01105 TOT
AL
01045 TOT
FE
01055 TOT
MN
00720
TOTAL
38260
01032
CHROMIUM,
00605
ORGANIC
00666
PHOSPHORUS
01040
DISSOLVED
ALUMINUM
UG/L
IRON
UG/L
MANGANESE
UG/L
CYANIDE,
MG/L
MBAS
MG/L
HEXAVALENT
UG/L AS CR
NITROGEN,
MG/L
DISSOLVED
MG/L
COPPER,
MG/L AS CU
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.PQTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTU
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
Al
1.00
10.87
10.87
10.87
0.00
21.00
88.89
0.0
40.43
21.89
13.00
81.25
0.0
13.67
22.32
1.00
5«o
0.0
0.0
0.00
2.00;
90.8^
10.67
50.76
56.71
3.00
0.0
6.0
0.0
««»««««
10.00
69.23
1.17
39.71
23.53
l.UO
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
23.00
65.00
0.0
18.74
17.07
OTHER A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.00
73.64
0.0
35.82
22.42
3.00
29.73
7.38
18.82
11.19
1.00
66*67
66.67
66'. 6 7
0.00
2.00
19.15
16.67
17.91
1.76
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
30.30
30.30
30.30
0.00
Bl
3.00
91.09
0.0
44.25
45.60
14.00
87.50
0.0
48.60
24.39
9.00
64.54
0.0
30.57
26.70
3.00
80.00
0.0
26.67
46.19
5.00
78.24
35.43
60.40
22.05
5.00
60.00
0.0
29.45
30.02
6.00
75.00
0.0
47.21
28.19
1.00
14.81
14.81
14.81
0.00
6.00
62.50
O.Q
37.24
23.09
UTHER B
2.00
89.58
75.00
82.29
10.31
16.00
89.83
0.0
50.44
27.70
13.00
71.95
6.63
30.74
20.87
1.00
6.54
6.54
6.54
0.00
2.00
39.27
71.65
80.46
12.46
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
3.00
65.93
11.76
36.67
27.34
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
25.00
0.0.
13.04
11.49
Cl
3.00
31.03
0.0
15.90
15.53
20.00
97.67
7.70
63.92
28.48
6.00
42.86
3.33
25.45
17.18
j.OO
98.2]
0.0
59.94
40.41
6.00
93.52
33.76
63.70
24.52
4.00
54.29
0.0
13.57
27.14
13.00
94.60
14.49
67.61
24.76
2.00
49.15
43.42
46.29
4.05
7.00
87.50
12.50
56.09
28.97
OTHER C
7.00
94.22
0.0
46.57
32.71
19.00
97.73
10.00
65.82
24.86
14.00
93.46
0.0
44.88
34.30
6.00
86.57
0.0
18.59
34.77
3.00
83.33
38.24
58.12
23.02
10.00
75.00
0.0
14.42
30.44
2.00
72.16
23.91
48.04
34.12
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
66.67
66.67
66.67
0.00
5/23/75
MISC(D,J)
3.00
97.87
0.0
55.54
50.26
8.00
97.67
17.91
81.41
27.37
6.00
90.91
22.47
54.12
26.13
4.00
93.90
0.0
28.74
44.56
1.00
88.85
88.85
88.85
0.00
3.00
0*0
0.6
0.0
•*»••*•
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
REPORT NO.*
NOTE: NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
HOTW KEMOVAL OATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
PAbE 5
(PARAMETERS CATfGOHY
01030
DISSOLVED
0104P
DISSOLVED
0106«5
DISSOLVED
01025
DISSOLVED
01056
& DISSOLVED
NJ
O
71890
DISSOLVED
70507
PHOSPHATE
0069#
CHKOMIUM,
MG/L AS CR
LEAD.
MG/L AS PB
NICKEL,
MG/L AS ML
CADMIUM,
MG/L AS CD
MANGANESE,
MG/L AS MN
MERCURY,
MG/L: AS HG
TOT ORTHO-
MG/L
TOT CARBON
MG/L AS C
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
5TO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTU
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
Al
28.00
80.65
0.0
15.59
32.9?
31.00
66.67
0.0
10.^2
21.81
29.00
50,00
0.0
4.0^
12.56
31.00
25.00
0.0
(1.81
4.<»9
18.00
21.43
0.0
5.65
7.U
20.00
84.21
0.0
21.28
26.16
22.00
82.93
0.0
27.12
20.71
26.00
57.01
0.0
22.29
18.05
OTHER A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
5.97
5.97
5.97
0.00
Bl
6.00
50.00
0.0
8.33
20.41
6.00
90.00
0.0
33.06
40.69
6.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.00
35.71
0.0
12.14
17.05
2.00
50.00
22.22
36.11
19.64
4.00
25.42
9.09
16.15
6.82
5.00
83.80
52.09
68.35
12.71
OTHER B
4.0U
88.69
0.0
34.72
43.12
4.00
50.00
0.0
12.50
25.00
4.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.00
26.67
0.0
12.51
11.13
2.00
50.00
0.0
25.00
35.36
5.00
70.83
12.14
32.61
23.77
4.00
64.44
42.22
50.60
9". 87
Cl
9.00
65.67
0.0
22.61
28.92
9.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
OTHtH C
9.00
55.56
0.0
12.23
24.28
9.00
57.14
0.0
11.90
23.69
5.00
92.86
0.0
34.57
37.57
7.00
14.29
0.0
2.04
5.40
8.00
63.64
2.33
38.43
22.45
4.00
61.33
34.02
52.29
12.76
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
71.43
71.43
71.43
0.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
1.00
99.05
99.05
99.05
0.00
1.00
90.16
90.16
90.16
0.00
5/23/75
MISC(D.J)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
PEPORT NO."5
NOTE: NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
POTW REMOVAL DATA ANALYSIS BY PLANT
PAGE 6
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
00650
PHOSPHATE
00671
TOTAL
MG/L
DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPHATE MG/L
01037
010P7
COBALT»TOT
UG/L AS CO
BARIUM.TOT
UG/L AS BA
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.UEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STU.UEV
Al
12.00
46.55
1.56
21.52
13.24
2.00
20.00
7.99
13.95
8.56
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
OTHER A
i.oo
26.87
26.87
?6.87
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
60.00
0.0
30.00
42.43
u.u
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
61
5.00
53.57
1.35
29.96
22.23
3.00
50i59
2.17
24.13
24.5?
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
OTHER rt
6.00
69.33
0.0
25.47
25.01
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
54.55
54.55
54.55
0.00
Cl
7.00
63.16
16.98
32.54
16.62
2.00
96.80
84.21
90.51
8.90
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
OTHER C
1.00
89.52
89.52
89.52
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.00
14.71
14.71
14.71
0.00
5/23/75
MISC(0,J)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
01
to
-------
REPORT NO.6
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
3IOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(8*C)
PAGE 1
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
-------
REPORT NO.6
/PARAMETER'S
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
IB)
ACTIVATED
SLUD6E
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(8»C)
PAGE 2
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
AND GREATER THAN OB EQUAL TO 85% REMOVAL FOR BOTH PAKAMETERS
-------
REPORT No.f
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B + C)
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
-------
REPORT NO.6
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(8)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B+C)
PAGE
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
-------
REPORT NO.
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF C
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
REMOVAL DATA
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(0
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
PAOE 5
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
0110^
AL
01045
FF
01055
MN
00720
TOTAL
o>
& 3826n
TOT ALUMINUM
UG/L
TOT IRON
UG/L
TOT MANGANESE
UG/L
CYANIDE,
MG/L
MflAS
MG/L
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
1.0000
10.8696
10.6696
10.6696
0.0000
27.0000
88.8889
0.0
39.6611
22.0123
16.0000
81.2500
0.0
14.6363
20.4798
1.0000
U.O
0.0
0.0
0.0000
4.0000
90.8602
10.6667
34.3356
37.8509
5.000U
91.0853
0.0
59.4670
38.7336
30.0000
89.8327
0.0
49.6736
25.7745
21.0000
71.9512
0.0
31.1776
23.2465
4.0000
80.0000
0.0
21.6355
39.0317
7.0000
89.2733
35.4305
66.1342
21.1108
9.0000
80.7692
0.0
31.0498
25.7011
35.0000
97.6744
7.6965
63.0609
27.0891
19.0000
93.4641
0.0
38.0421
31.5947
10.0000
98.2143
0.0
32.4716
40.2475
8.0000
93.5233
33.7553
59.1519
22.7038
14.0000
91.0853
0.0
41.1988
32.6770
65.0000
97.6744
0.0
56.8822
27.1318
40.0000
93.4641
0.0
34.4382
27.3842
14.0000
98.2143
0.0
29.3755
38.7146
15.0000
93.5233
33.7553
62.4103
21.4882
5.0000
80.7692
0.0
36.3607
30.7257
15.0000
97.6744
37.5000
79.3918
17.1486
10.0000
93.4641
13.8462
47.1870
30.3930
5.0000
98.2143
0.0
48.8868
41.0122
2.0000
91.5385
50.0000
70.7692
29.3719
20.0000
97.8723
0.0
42.4248
36.2361
107.0000
97.7340
0.0
54.4198
27.9096
66.0000
93.4641
0.0
31.2223
27.?164
22.0000
98.2143
0.0
30.8839
38.9021
21.0000
93.5233
10.6667
59.3179
27.2496
NOTE* i
1) NEGATIVE KEMOVALS DELETED
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (B) INCLUDES B01 ,802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE
-------
REPORT NO.6
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUD6E
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
01032 HEXAVALENT
CHROMIUM, UG/L AS CR
00605 NITROGEN,
ORGANIC MG/L
00666 DISSOLVED
PHOSPHORUS MG/L
01040 COPPER,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS Cu
-J 01090 ZINC,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS ZN
01030 CHROMIUM,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS CR
01049 LEAD,
DISSOLVED MG/L *S PB
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
ST0.0EV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STQ,flEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
•MU*
MEAN
STO.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
STD.PEV
3.0000
0.0
0.0
0*0
*«***««*«*
10.0000
69.2308
1*1696
39.7083
23.5323
1.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0000
23.0000
65.0000
0.0
18.7356
17.0688
21.0000
71*4286
0.0
25.3454
18.1713
28.0000
80.6452
0.0
15,5886
22.9236
31.0000
66*6667
0.0
10.2150
21*8061
6.0000
60.0000
0.0
24.5454
29.4242
8.0000
75.0000
0.0
47.6869
25.4775
1.0000
14.8148
14.8148
14.8148
0.0000
10.0000
62.5000
0.0
27.5574
22.2836
7.0000
60.0000
0.0
39.9350
20.9625
10.0000
88.8889
0.0
18.8889
32.2030
10.0000
90.0000
0.0
24.8333
35.2281
13.0000
75.0000
0.0
15.2705
29.3448
15.0000
94.6000
14.4928
65.0046
25.6135
3.0000
49.1525
0.0
30.8578
26.8769
8.0000
87.5060
12.5000
57.4091
27.0812
7.0000
87.5000
14.2857
S3.64S2
31.8898
10.0000
65.6716
0.0
20.3526
28.1859
10.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
«»••«»*••»
19.0000
75.0000
0.0
18.1994
28.8824
23.0000
94.6000
0.0
58.9810
26.3655
4.0000
49.1525
0.0
26.8471
23.3650
18.0000
87.5000
0.0
40.8248
28.2462
14.0000
87.5000
0.0 .
46.7916
26.8851
20.0000
88.8889
0.0
19.6207
29.4636
20.0000
90.0000
0.0
12.4167
27.3886
5.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
«»«**»««*«
5.0000
94.6000
58.9743
80.9077
15.0376
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
87.5000
25.0000
65.3521
22.0187
4.0000
87.5000
45.4545
69.9053
20.7082
6.0000
88.8889
0.0
33.4046
38.7118
6.0000
50.0000
0.0
13.8889
22.1527
27.0000
75.0000
0.0
12.8070
25.4801
34.0000
94.6000
0.0
51.9238
27.2627
5.0000
49.1525
0.0
21.4777
23.5286
42.0000
87.5000
0.0
28.4778
24.6455
36.0000
87.5000
0.0
33.1986
24.2174
48.0000
86.8889
0.0
17.2687
25.6291
52.0000
90.0000
0.0
10.8654
23.7211
NOTE1?:
1) NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETtD
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (8) INCLUDES B01,802.804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01,C02,C05.C06,C09,C19,C20
5) SFCONDARY PLANTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT SOD-s AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
A.ND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 85% REMOVAL FOR BOTH PAKAMETERS
-------
REPORT NO.6
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
..*...**»
PRIMARY
SUMMARY Of POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
PAGE 7
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
(A»B*C*OTHER)
01065 NICKELt
DISSOLVED MG/L AS NI
01025 CADMIUM,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS CD
01056 MANGANESE,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS MM
7i89o MERCURY,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS HG
®
r
oo 70507 TOT ORTHO-
PHOSPHATE MG/L
00690 TOT CARBON
MG/L AS C
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
-WIN
Mi AN
STD.BEV
29.0000
50.0000
0.0
4.0887
12.5805
31.0000
25.0000
0.0
0.8065
4.4901
18.0000
21.4286
0.0
5.6515
7.1377
20.0000
84,2105
0.0
21.2799
26.1570
22.0000
82.9268
0.0
27.1162
20.7055
26.0000
57.0111
0.0
23*2897
18.0518
10.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
**********
10.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
*•*«****»*
9.0000
35.7143
0.0
12.3064
13.8533
4.0000
50.0000
0.0
30.5555
24.2161
9.0000
70.8333
9.0909
25.2945
19.3681
9.0000
83,7956
42.2222
60.4625
14.3129
10.0000
55.5555
0.0
11.0191
23.2125,
10.0000
57.1429
0.0
10.7143
22.6503
6.0000
92.8571
0.0
40.7143
36.8200
8.0000
14.2857
0.0
1.7857
5.0508
9.0000
99.0476
2.3256
45.1609
29.1433
5.0000
90.1639
34.0296
59.8665
20.2218
20.0000
55.5555
0.0
5.5050
16.9450
20..0000
57.1429
0.0
5.3571
16.5296
15.0000
92.8571
0.0
23.6695
28.3084
12.0000
50.0000
0.0
11.3757
19.4119
18.0000
99.0476
2.3256
35.2277
26.0900
14.0000
90.1639
34.0206
60.2496
15.8738
6.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
*«*«*»*«*»
6.0000
50.0000
0.0
8.3333
20.4124
4.0000
92.8571
20.0000
47.3810
32.9329
3.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
•*««»**»«*
4.0000
58.3333
40.0000
47.2083
8.1347
4.0000
64.5833
60.7843
62.7863
2.0065
50.0000
55.5555
0.0
4.5734
14.2371
52.0000
57.1429
0.0
2.5412
10.8957
33.0000
92.8571
0.0
13.8415
21.4632
32.0000
84.2105
0.0
17.5658
24.0163
40.0000
99.0476
0.0
30.7663
23.3294
41.0000
90.1639
0.0
34.8535
25.1943
NOTE*; l
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtO
2) PRIMARY <«> INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (B) INCLUDES B01,802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE
-------
REPORT NQ.fi
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW REMOVAL DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLU06E
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
PAGE 8
SECONDARY
PLANTS
6/ 6/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
(A*B+C»OTHER)
i
to
00650
PHOSPHATE
00671
TOTAL
MG/L
DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPHATE MG/L
01037
01007
COBALT, TOT
UG/L AS CO
BARIUM, TOT
UG/L AS BA
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.porw
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
13.0000
46.5517
1.5625
21.9399
12.7638
2.0000
20.0000
7.8947
13.9474
8.5597
2.0000
60.0000
0.0
30.0000
42.4264
1.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0000
11.0000
69.3333
0.0
27.5111
22.7160
3.0000
50.588?
2.1739
24.1350
24.5178
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
54.5455
54.5455
54.5455
0.0000
8.0000
89.5238
16.9811
39.6647
25.3521
2.0000
96.8000
84.2105
90.5053
8.9022
2.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
»«*««****»
1.0000
14.7059
14.7059
14.7059
0.0000
19.0000
89.5238
0.0
32.6284
23.9716
5.0000
96.8000
2.1739
50.6831
40.5201
2.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0000
54.5455
14.7059
34.6257
28.1708
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
?.oooo
96.8000
84.2105
90.5053
8.9027
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.0000
89.5238
0.0
28.2821
20.6210
7.0000
96.8000
2.1739
40.1871
37.7903
4.0000
60.0000
0.0
15.0000
30.0000
3.0000
54.5455
0.0
23.0838
28.2213
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtO
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER INCLUDES flOl,802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01,C02,C05,C06,C09,C19,C20
5) SECONDARY PLANTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT tJOD-S AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
AND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 85* REMOVAL FOR BOTH PAKAMETERS
-------
REPORT NO. 7
(PARAMETERS
y
00550
TOT-SXLT
00556
CATEGORY
OIL-GREASE
M6/L
OIL-GREASE
SEP-FUNNEL
00560
INFRARED
00500
MG/L
OIL-GREASE
MG/L
RESIDUE
TOTAL. TS
00530
TOT NFLT.
at
i
CJ
o
00310
5DAY
00340
MI LEVEL
00335
LOW- LEVEL
MG/L
RESIDUE
SS
BOD
COD
COD
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
093*? SCfc COO
MO/L
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.PEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
•STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
«5N
MEAN
STD.OEV
Al
5.0000
44.0000
19.0000
29.1000
9.8387
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
u.n
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.n
25.0000
1842.0000
346.0000
676.4800
372.0469
49.0000
314.0000
15.0000
90.9428
64.5526
54.0000
650.0000
20.0000
166.3759
111.5490
11.0000
768.0000
58.0000
351.7271
248.0525
1.0000
345.0000
345.0000
345.0000
0.0000
2.0000
514.0000
3Jt5>QOQO
"4^9.5000
119.5031
POTW EFFLUENT DATA ANALYSIS
OTHER A Bl OTHER B
1.0000
21.5000
21.5000
21.5000
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
1269.0000
400.0000
684.000U
334.3118
8.0000
161.0000
85.5000
110.5625
25.2321
6.0000
300.0000
51.0000
198.6667
94.6963
6.0000
555.0000
147.0000
292.1665
152.9436
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0000
72.0000
4.0000
25.8000
27.0106
3.0000
9.0000
1.0000
4,1667
4.2525
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.0000
2034.0000
300.0000
697.3809
472.4102
32.0000
228.0000
5.0000
47.2813
44.1930
32.0000
245.0000
8.0000
51.1875
55.8103
15.0000
210.0000
26.0000
109.5667
56.9887
1.0000
66.0000
66.0000
66.0000
0.0000
3.0000
315.0000
102.0000
177.6667
119.1401
6.0000
37.8000
5.0000
17.2000
13.5422
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0000
3030.0000
40.0000
666.9678
572.1072
37.0000
196.0000
6.0000
41.4297
38.2320
33.0000
180.0000
2.2000
47.6848
43.2595
15.0000
370.0000
32.0000
176.3333
106.6633
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
158.0000
18.0000
95.3333
61.9439
Cl
7.0000
130.0000
6.0000
36.9143
43.5760
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.0000
3440.0000
294.0000
741.3635
701.6296
42.0000
175.0000
2.0000
32.4286
31.8795
41.0000
200.0000
3.0000
27.7707
37.4381
20.0000
275.0000
31.7000
109.1250
70.1036
1.0000
24.0000
24.0000
24.0000
0.0000
6.0000
173.0000
16.0000
84.6667
71.4554
PAGE 1
OTHER C
5.0000
58.5000
1.0000
19.5200
24.7896
4.0000
8.0000
1.0000
4.7500
2.8723
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0000
1980.0000
371.0000
716.0000
388.2290
30.0000
185.0000
4.0000
37.9767
45.9761
31.0000
230.0000
2.0000
25.2516
41.5822
13.0000
148.0000
14.3000
55.0231
32.5391
4.0000
51.0000
14.0000
28.7500
15.7982
4.0000
119.0000
29.0000
81.0000
38.6781
5/23/75
MISC(D,J)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0000
770.0000
630.0000
689.3333
72.3948
9.0000
94.0000
3.0000
20.5555
33.1176
9.0000
131.0000
2.0000
23.20 0
41.8200
5.0000
329.0000
53.0000
139.8000
111.2617
1.0000
28.0000
28.0000
28.0000
0.0000
2.0000
32.0000
28.0000
30.0000
2.8283
-------
REPORT NO. 7
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
32730
PHENOL I CS
4AAP DISTIL UG/L
00945
00940
CL
0066S
SULFATE
MG/L
'
CHLORIDE
MG/L
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS MG/L
00630
N02-N03
en
i
w
t->
00610
AMMONIA
00635
KJELDAHL*
0100? TOT
AS
intrzr TOT
CD
NITROGEN.
MG/L
NITROGEN.
MG/L
NITROGEN.
TOTAL MG/L
ARSENIC
UG/L
CftDMIOM
UG/i
NO. POT W
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO»PGTW
MAX
*d*t.
•tfEttr
STD.DEV
Al
4.0000
53.0000
0.1000
13.4750
26.3504
17.0000
150.0000
26.0000
64.1765
32.5311
38.0000
2169.0000
43.0000
313.2419
433.^438
a. oooo
77.0000
1.3400
15.1775
25.1363
2.0000
10.0000
0.0300
5.0150
7.0498
59.0000
256.5999
2.1000
20.7145
35.9821
7.0000
47.0000
a. 5000
23.4286
12.2421
1.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0000
30.0000
40.0000
3.0000
•tavooot)
8.2795
POTW tFFLUENT DATA ANALYSIS
OTHER A
4.0000
45.0000
0.1500
22.2875
19.1841
2.0000
150.0000
72.0000
111.0000
55.1543
6.0000
290.0000
60.0000
123.5000
84.8356
3.0000
10.0000
4.0000
6.0167
3.4498
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0000
24.5000
4.3000
14.8500
7.1762
1.0000
31.0000
31.0000
31.0000
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.QUUO
480.0000
4.0000
85.2857
174.3509
si
8.0000
3000.0000
0.0300
385.6873
1056.4651
11.0000
243.0000
38.0000
73.7273-
57.5257
18.0000
330,0000
32.0000
112.1667
71.1063
17.0000
18.3000
3.2700
8.7706
3.8594
11.0000
16.0000
0.0260
5.1419
4.9174
33.0000
115.0000
0.0300
18.2281
19.9891
13.0000
39.0000
1.2000
17.3615
11.8365
1.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0000
22.0000
66*0000
1.0000
12.6954
13.7692
OTHER B
7.0000
24.0000
0.0300
6.7671
9.449?
7.0000
454.0000
22.0000
177.4286
189.1868
16.0000
990.0000
36.0000
172.9062
251.3995
13.0000
20.0000
1.6000
9.0685
5.5395
10.0000
23.8000
0.1500
7.7250
7.1650
35.0000
76.0000
0.1300
14.7714
14.0357
10.0000
46.7500
2.2000
14.6340
12.6386
4.0000
20.0000
0.5000
8.3250
8.3679
22.0000
20.0000
l.QOOO
9.7273
5.1193
Cl
9.0000
2000.0000
0.0200
226.4699
665.1030
14.0000
223.0000
33.0000
88.7857
68.8778
22.0000
1561.0000
43.0000
256.4497
342.6404
23.0000
10.4000
1.0000
4.1930
2.3527
11.0000
7.8000
0.0200
1.7973
2.6517
41.0000
26.0000
0.2000
11.4107
7.2425
11.0000
34.0000
1.5000
18.7809
10.0763
1.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0000
23.0000
20.0000
1.0000
11.2609
6.4893
PAGt 2
OTHER C
11.0000
353.0000
0.0400
35.6400
105.2899
15.0000
470.0000
17.0000
134.6000
102.7121
17.0000
610.0000
43.8000
210,1647
175.1463
23.0000
10.3000
0.4600
5.4317
3.1812
17.0000
19.9000
0.0300
5.2485
6.2322
31.0000
27.5000
0.0700
9.5529
8.0652
8.0000
26.2500
1.6000
10.2437
9.3281
7.0000
5.0000
2.0000
3.7143
1.6036
33.0000
1970.0000
2.0000
69.4151
341.2322
5/23/75
MISCJDjj)
5.0000
30000.0000
2.0000
6003.1992
13414.5742
3.0000
400.0000
136.0000
254.6667
134.0049
4.0000
410.0000
148.0000
274.5000
109.8527
6.0000
8.7800
2.7000
5.9600
2.4041
3.0000
13.0000
0.6300
8.1100
6.5791
8.0000
17.8000
0.1200
5.3950
6.4845
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
35.0000
1.0000
10.6667
12.2583
-------
RFPORT NO.7
IPAH4METERS
V
01034 TOT CHROMIUM
CR UG/L
01051 TOT LEAD
PR
UG/L
71900 TOT MERCURY
HG UG/L
TOT COPPER
Cu
UG/L
01097 TOT ANTIMONY
UG/L
01067 TOT NICKEL
NI UG/L
01147 TOT SFLENTUM
UG/L
01077 TOT SILVER
AG UG/L
0109? TOT ZINC
ZN UG/L
CATEGORY
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO.POTw
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
Al
36.0000
2600.0000
6.0000
190.3055
442.4038
30.0000
1700.0000
10.0000
157.7667
297.8857
21.0000
1.6000
0.1000
0.6000
0.3834
42.0000
1700.0000
10.0000
199.3333
?96.(>693
U.O
0.0
0.0
U.O
0.0
27.0000
300.0000
6.0000
69.7407
58.6708
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1.0000
13.0000
13.0000
13.0000
0.0000
42.0000
3600,0000
30.0000
582.4045
703.7622
f
OTHER A
9.0000
350.0000
14.0000
168.6667
99.2658
9.0000
386.0000
29.0000
132.2222
112.0921
3.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
0.0062
7.0000
360.0000
40.0000
168.5714
110.3505
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0000
170Q.OOOO
18.0000
594.0000
749.7041
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,0.0
b-.o
0.0
8.0000
680.0000
132.0000
355.2500
152.9484
3OTW EFFLUENT [
Bl
29.0000
3200.0000
9.0000
327.6206
733.R914
23.0000
550.0000
5.0000
94.2174
144.7010
11.0000
1.8750
0.1000
0.5341
0.4897
32.0000
1800.0000
2.6000
155.4562
334.9673
o.n
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.fi
22.UOOO
1130,0000
11.0000
178.1227
292.4619
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
445.7000
445.7000
445.7000
0.0000
33.0000
2800. .0000
40.0000
347.9695
552.8789
)ATA ANALYSIS
OTHER B
28.0000
1200.0000
3.0000
132.5357
?62.0610
25.0000
1800.0000
9.0000
133.4400
355.7373
14.0000
10.0000
0.2000
1 .2439
2.5438
25.0000
1000.0000
19.0000
99.0400
193.3092
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.0000
1533.0000
7.0000
197.5238
365.1274
1.0000
5,0000
5.0000
5.0000
0,0000
2.0000
10.0000
2.0000
6.0000
5.6568
30.0000
1321.00-00
20.0000
254.5667
319.8511
Cl
32.0000
2520.0000
5.0000
323.7717
687.3762
30.0000
350.0000
3.0000
74.2900
76.1513
22.0000
200.0000
0.1000
9.8091
42.4839
40.0000
1600.0000
10.0000
105.7500
254.8947
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.0000
1800.0000
3.0000
110.9562
309.5474
1.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.0000
1400. OOOC
10.0000
258.8823
301.3843
PAGE 3
OTHER C
36.0000
400.0000
5.0000
57.1583
90.6973
30.0000
200.0000
4.0000
51.7767
49.1337
20.0000
5.0000
0.2000
0.6115
1.0692
37.0000
180.0000
6.0000
62.6027
51.1277
1.0000
5.0000
5.0000
5.0000
0.0000
32.0000
40000.0000
7.0000
1332.0625
7056.5898
3.0000
5.0000
2.0000
4.0000
1.7321
1.0000
10.0000
10.0000
10.0000
0.0000
37.0000
800.0000
30.0000
188.1702
166.0566
5/23/75
MISC(D.J)
7.0000
600.0000
10.0000
110.1429
216.5660
8.0000
50.0000
12.0000
31.0000
10.9021
5.0000
1.7000
0.2000
0.5400
0.6542
7.0000
152.0000
6.0000
32.1429
53.0831
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
240.0000
5.0000
67.3333
86.6525
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
338.0000
9.0000
123.3333
151.6491
-------
REPORT NO. 7
POtW EFFLukyr DATA ANALYSIS
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
01102 TOT TIN
U6/L
00680 TOT ORG CARBON
TOTALtTOC MG/L
00410 ALKALINITY
PH 4.5 MG/L
00400 PH
SU
00095 SPECIFIC
CONDUCTANCE MICROMHQ
01105 TOT ALUMINUM
Al UG/L
OTW5 TOT IRON
FE UG/L
tTJ 055 TOT 1WN6ANESE
MN UG/L
^OlWp CHtORlNE.
TOT RESIDUAL MG/L
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
ME*N
STO.DEV
Al
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.0000
539.0000
52.0000
141.1211
86.5486
6.0000
300.0000
83.0000
186.5000
79.1495
54.0000
8.2000
5.0000
7.0539
0.4973
3.0000
970.0000
615.0000
828.3333
188.0360
1.0000
410.0000
410.0000
410.0000
0.0000
23.0000
3500.0000
400.0000
1344.3042
847.8044
16.0000
362.0000
30.0000
147.9375
102.7452
26.0000
10,0000
0.2000
1.9558
1.9374
OTHER A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0000
228.0000
128.0000
177.0000
40.8733
4.0000
258.0000
18.5000
134.8750
99.7165
8.0000
7.9000
5.6000
6.9125
0.7434
3.0000
600.0000
500.0000
550.0000
49.9959
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0000
5000.0000
620.0000
2083.7500
1287.4473
6.0000
390.0000
66.0000
250.3333
107.4531
2.0000
3.0000
0.1000
1.5500
2.0506
HI
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0000
96.0000
33.0000
54.2500
22.9705
10.0000
319.0000
133.0000
203.3500
63.8173
36.0000
7.9000
6.6000
7.2822
0.3627
10.0000
1475.0000
634.0000
942.5000
314. 5) 03
4.0000
1450.0000
100.0000
735.0000
553.0823
18.0000
10000.0000
100.0000
1331.7222
2225.0439
12.0000
329.0000
40.0000
120.5833
89.0601
8.0000
3.0000
0.1000
1.8775
1.1025
OTHER 8
1.0000
400.0000
400.0000
400.0000
0.0000
"16.0000
129'. 0000
iX.oooo
51\8687
29.^061
13.0&QO
344.06IJO
41.0000
162.230%
104.3436
33.0000
8.00\0
4.000\
7.0836
0.7608
7.0000
4400.0000
669.0000
1455.5713
1328.3367
2.0000
100.0000
20.0000
60.0000
56.5685
17.0000
65550.0000
110.0000
4572.0586
15725.2813
17.0000
580.0000
20.0000
148.8235
150.6980
12.0000
3.0000
0..1000
2.0558
0.8526
Cl
1.0000
12600.0000
12600.0000
12600.0000
0.0000
9.0000
95.0000
11.0000
41.8555
25.2905
10JOOOO
400,0000
117.0000
244.6000
107.7918
36.0000
8.0000
6.2000
7.1997
0.4258
8.0000
1900.0000
791.0000
1208.0000
382.5190
3.0000
2^0.0000
100.0000
166.6667
57.7348
20.0000
6800.0000
10.0.0000
94\ . 0498
1527.0234
7,0000
443.0000
20.0000
141.2857
143.2210
10.0000
3.0000
0.6000
1.5090
0.7272
PAGE 4
OTHER C
4.0000
400.0000
400.0000
400.0000
0.0
8.0000
35.0000
10.0000
22.5000
7.2702
15.0000
384.0000
78.0000
238.2000
80.6967
24.0000
8.3000
6.3000
7.2937
0.4908
18.0000
3170.0000
760.0000
1446.9443
672.5767
9.0000
570.0000
100.0000
211.1111
148.5298
21.0000
1550.0000
100.0000
482.2856
424.9780
18.0000
940.0000
10.0000
147.4444
212.7679
13.0000
3.0000
0.0700
1.1385
0.8896
5>
MISCI
0.0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0000
102.0000
34.0000
68.0000
48.0831
4.0000
317.0000
135.0000
264.0000
86.4283
9.0000
7.9000
7.0000
7.4778
0.3031
3*0000
2500.0000
1820.0000
2106.6665
352.3655
3.0000
200.0000
100*0000
133.3333
57.7349
8.0000
1100.0000
35.0000
267.3750
349.1960
6.0000
138.0000
12.0000
51.5000
46.2504
3.0000
1.1000
0.2500
0.6500
0.4272
5/23/75
-------
REPORT NO. 7
(PARAMETERS
00720 CYANIDE,
TOTAL MG/L
38260 MBAS
MG/L
00620 NITROGEN,
NITRATE MG/L
01032 HEXAVALENT
CHROMIUM, UG/L AS CR
00615 NITROGEN,
NITRITE MG/L
00605 NITROGEN,
ORGANIC MG/L
00666 DISSOLVED
PHOSPHORUS MG/L
flfWT COPPER.
0JSSOLVED MG/L AS CU
CATEGORY
NO.PQTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.P0TW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO, POTW
MAX
HI*
MEAN
STD.DEV
Al
2.0000
0,1700
0.0200
0.0950
0.1061
4.0000
17.8000
0.4250
7.3087
7.3937
38.0000
6.5000
0.0100
1.0715
1.1678
3.0000
25.0000
5.0000
lb.6667
10.4084
37,0000
0.6900
0.0240
0.1649
0.1255
12,0000
22*0000
4.0000
10.8833
6.5013
2.0000
5,4000
4.3000
4.8500
0.7778
32.0000
11.7000
0.0600
0.5005
2.0460
POTW EFFLUENT DATA ANALYSIS
OTHER A
3.0000
0.0600
0,0100
0.0400
0.0265
2.0000
3.8000
1.0000
2.4000
1.9799
4.0000
2.1000
0.4000
1.0000
0.7517
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0000
0.2300
0.0130
0.1406
0.0837
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0>0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
0*6900
0.6900
0.6900
0.0000
Bl
5.0000
0.0160
0.0030
0.0082
0.0051
5.0000
3.2800
0.5700
1.8020
1.0141
15.0000
8.6000
0.1200
2.0527
2.4417
5.0000
20.0000
2.0000
10.6000
7.4699
14.0000
0.2940
0.0040
0.1601
0.0984
6.0000
11.8000
3.0000
6.9833
3.7107
2.0000
3.2000
2.3000
2.7500
0.6364
6.0000
0.1300
0.0300
0.0733
0.0476.
OTHER B
3.0000
100.0000
0.0030
33.3373
57.7316
4.0000
2.6800
0.6200
1.6075
0.9892
18.0000
11.3800
0.1400
2.2439
2.7327
2.0000
100.0000
10.0000
55.0000
63.6396
19.0000
2.0000
0.0100
0.3411
0.5201
3.0000
15.0000
4.4000
8.0000
6.0630
2.0000
8.4000
4.0000
6.2000
3.1113
4.0000
0.1300
0.0400
0.0725
0.0395
Cl
10.0000
0.1060
0.0020
0.0275
0.0364
6.0000
3.2900
0.2000
1.2283
1.2468
22.0000
8.0000
0.0500
1.9377
2.2021
4.0000
16.0000
10.0000
11.5000
3.0000
16.0000
0.6000
0.0170
0.1404
0.1371
13.0000
24.5000
0.4000
5.0308
6.3547
5.0000
8.0000
3.0000
4.6600
1.9308
9.0000
1.4000
0.0100
0.2522
0.4678
PAGE 5
OTH^R C
12.X1000
2.2600
0.0050
0.2101
0.6466
3.0000
1.7000
0.2100
0.7700
0.8110
a.oooo
7.9900
0.0200
1.6450
2.6992
11.0000
60.0000
10.0000
18.6364
16.7467
8,0000
8.2450
0.0100
1.2786
2.8546
3.0000
15.1000
2.7000
7.1000
6.9397
3.0000
4.8000
1.8000
3.2000
1.5100
1.0000
0.0300
0,0300
0.0300
0.0000
5/23/75
MISC(D.J)
5.0000
0.0300
0.0050
0.0138
0.0122
1.0000
0.2900
0.2900
0.2900
0.0000
1.0000
2.2000
2.2000
2.2000
0.0000
3.0000
10.0000
2,0000
7.3333
4.6188
1.0000
0,1300
0,1300
0.1300
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
REPORT NO.7
POTW tFFLUENT DATA ANALYSIS
(PARAMETERS CATEGORY
v _„.
01090
DISSOLVED
01030
DISSOLVED
01049
DISSOLVED
01065
DISSOLVED
01025
DISSOLVED
o>
Ul
01
01056
DISSOLVED
71890
DISSOLVED
70507
PHOSPHATE
00690
ZINC,
MG/L AS ZN
CHROMIUM,
MG/L AS CR
LEAD,
MG/L AS PB
NICKEL,
MG/L AS NI
CADMIUM,
MG/L AS CO
MANGANESE,
MG/L AS MN
MERCURY,
MG/L AS HG
TOT ORTHO-
MG/L
TOT CARBON
MG/L AS C
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
CEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.UEV
NO. POT to
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
Al
26
3
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
3J
7
0
3
1
28
580
88
180
95
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
«
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
•
•
ft
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
oooo
2500
0400
3941
6701
0000
5600
0100
0723
1197
0000
2000
1000
1097
0301
0000
3200
1000
1313
1330
0000
0300
0100
0124
0062
0000
3600
0005
1578
0796
0000
0017
0001
0005
0004
0000
7000
7000
2524
6278
0000
0000
0000
6964
0198
OTHER
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
8
3
5
3
2
252
225
238
19
A
.0000
.5900
.5900
.5900
.0000
.0000
.0700
.0700
.0700
.0000
.0000
.3000
.3000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.1000
.1000
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0200
.0200
.0200
.0000
.0000
.2400
.2400
.2400
.0000
.0000
.0023
.0023
.0023
.0000
.0000
.0000
.7000
.8500
.0405
.0000
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0903
HI
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
b.
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
7.
3.
0.
2.
0.
5.
111.
50.
76.
OTHER B
0000
0700
0600
0650
0058
0000
0100
0100
0100
0000
0000
1000
0200
OB67
0327
0000
1000
1000
1000
0001
0000
0100
0100
0100
0000
0000
1100
0300
0667
0301
0000
0009
0001
0006
0003
0000
6000
7000
5143
9907
0000
0000
0000
8000
28.5778
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
13
13
1
6
3
5
160
52
86
43
.0000
.1000
.0500
.0700
.0265
.0000
.0100
.0100
.0100
.0
.0000
.1000
.1000
.1000
.0001
.0000
.1000
.1000
.1.000
.0001
.0000
.0100
.0100
.0100
.0
.0000
.1100
• 0600
.0850
.0238
.0000
.0018
.0003
.0008
.0007
.0000
.0000
.7500
.7808
.9475
.0000
.0000
.0000
.2000
.8315
Cl
8.0000
1.1600
0.0100
0.2912
0.4621
9.0000
0.7000
0.0100
0.1233
0.2284
9.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0
9.0000
o.aooo
0.1000
0.1944
0.2324
9.0000
0.1200
0.0100
0.0222
0.0367
9.0000
0.2600
0.0200
0.1244
0.0838
8.0000
0.0008
0.0001
0.0005
0.0002
9.0000
28.0000
1.0000
4.6778
8.7695
5.0000
90.0000
40.0000
62.8000
17.9218
PAGt 6
OTHER C
1.0000
0.0800
0.0800
0.0800
0.0000
1.0000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0000
1.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0000
1.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0000
1.0000
0.0200
0.0200
0.0200
0.0000
1.0000
0.0010
0.0010
0.0010
0.0000
<».oooo
18.0000
0.1000
7.6750
8.0653
1.0000
24.0000
24.0000
24.0000
0.0000
5/23/75
MISC(D.J)
0.0
0.0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
OtO
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------
KC.HON 1 NO. 7
POTW EFFLUENT DATA ANALYSIS
•PARAMETERS CATEGORY
00900 HARDNESS'
TOTAL MG/L
00425 ALKALINITY
-BICARBONATE MG/L
00650 TOTAL
PHOSPHATE MG/L
00070 TURBIDITY
JTU
00671 DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPHATE MG/L
o>
CJ
rt\
VI
01037 C03ALT»TOT
UG/L AS CO
01007 BARIUMtTOT
UG/L AS B-A
0007* TURBIDITY
FTIJ
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.POT4
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO.PUTW
MAX
MIN
NEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POT*
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.UEV
NO.POTto
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.PUTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
Al
13.0000
330.0000
30.0000
100.0000
77.8759
11.0000
300.0000
74.0000
155.0000
7<».b978
15.0000
68.0000
15.5000
31.4533
13. 1506
4.0000
68.0000
25.0000
48.7500
17.7645
3.0000
4U.UOOO
1.4000
14.9667
?1.7049
0.0
0.0
0.0
U.O
0.0
1.0000
160.0000
160.0000
160.0000
0.0000
1.0000
57.0000
57.0000
57.0000
0.0000
OTHER A
1.0000
154.0000
154.0000
154.0000
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
24.5000
24.5000
24.5000
0.0000
4.0000
76.5000
26.0000
49.8750
21.3477
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0000
30.0000
20.0000
25.0000
7.0711
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bl
5.0000
110.0000
32.0000
88.0000
32.1558
4.0000
160.0000
102,0000
1
-------
REPORT No.fl
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
11.0000
72.0000
4.0000
21.1091
20.0922
3.0000
9.0000
1*0000
4.1667
4.2525
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.0000
2034.0000
40.0000
628.6487
389.8845
66.0000
228.0000
5.0000
42.6500
37.0209
62.0000
245.0000
4.0000
48.5710
47.2754
28.0000
361.0000
26.0000
138.8036
80.2413
1.0000
66.0000
66.0000
66*0000
0.0000
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtO
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01,A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (H) INCLUDES 801,802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01,C02,C05,C06,C09,C19,C20
5) SFCONDARY PLANTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT
AND GREATER THAN OH EQUAL TO 85* REMOVAL FOR BOTH PARAMETERS
/PARAMETERS
y/
00550
TOT-SXLT
00556
SEP-FUNNEL
00560
iNFRaRED
00500
TOTAL, TS
00530
TOT NFLT»
00310
5DAY
00340
HI LEVEL
00335
LOW LEVEL
NflTF<:«
CATEGORY
OIL-GREASE
MG/L
OIL-GREASE
MG/L
OIL-GREASE
MG/L
RESIDUE
MG/L
RESIDUE
ss
BOD
COD
COD
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.BEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.BEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.BEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO*BEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
PRIMARY
(A)
6.0000
44,0000
19.0000
27.8333
9.3310
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.0000
1642.0000
346.0000
688.8665
362.0049
54.0000
314.0000
15.0000
93.2722
62.4438
58.0000
650.0000
20.0000
166.7810
110.4911
16.0000
768.0000
58.0000
334.8125
222.3276
1.0000
345.0000
345.0000
345.0000
0.0000
ACTIVATED
SLUDSF
8.0000
130.0060
5.0000
32.9250
41.8917
3.0000
8.0000
5.0000
6.0QOO
1.73Z1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.0000
3440.0000
294.0000
712.2119
578.5815
64.0000
185.0000
2.0000
37.1250
39.7279
65.0000
230.0000
2.0000
28.2861
40.7063
27.0090
275.0000
31.7000
98.3516
65.3504
5.0000
51.0000
14.0000
27.8000
13.8456
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(8 + C)
19.0000
130.0000
4.0000
26.0842
30.7029
6.0000
9.0000
1*0000
5.0833
3.0727
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
78.0000
3440.0000
40.0000
664.0024
477.1821
130.0000
228.0000
2.0000
39.9300
38.3284
127.0000
245.0000
2.0000
38.1889
45.0249
55.0000
361.0000
26.0000
118.9454
75.4455
6.0000
66.0000
14.0000
34.1667
19.9139
PAGE
SECONDARY
PLANTS
1.0000
9.4000
9.4000
9.4000
0.0000
2.0000
5.0000
1.0000
3.0000
2.8284
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0000
727.0000
312.0000
548.7776
158.4633
31.0000
30.0000
2.0000
11.1935
7.1759
31.0000
28.0000
2.0000
10.5355
7.4303
15.0000
231.0000
26.0000
65.7333
52.3604
4.0000
27.0000
14.0000
22.0000
5.5976
1 5/23/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
'A*B*C*OTHER>
29.0000
130.0000
1.0000
26.0414
26.4917
8.0000
9.0000
1.0000
4.5625
2.9693
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
119.0000
3440.0000
40.0000
692.3796
495.3723
210.0000
314.0000
2.0000
53.4518
52.1177
209.0000
650.0000
2.0000
74.6075
92,2027
86.0000
768.0000
14.3000
158.6546
147.1832
9.0000
345.0000
14.0000
74.2222
104.4721
-6. AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
-------
REPORT NO.?
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
/PARAMETERS CATEGORY
00342 SEA COD
SALINE
3273n
MG/L
PHENOLlCS
4AAP DISTIL UG/L
0094=;
00940
CL
o»
CJ
CD
00665
PHOSPHORUS
00630
N02-N03
00610
AMMONIA
00625
KJEUOAHL.
SULFATE
MG/L
CHLORIDE
MG/L
TOTAL
MG/L
NITROGEN.
MG/L
NITROGEN,
MG/L
NITROGEN,
TOTAL MG/I
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
•MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
PRIMARY
(A)
2.0000
514.0000
345.0000
429.5000
119.5015
7.0000
53.0000
0.1000
16.2928
23.0982
19.0000
150.0000
26.0000
69.1053
36.4370
41.0000
2169.0000
43.0000
296.8584
421.0542
10.0000
77.0000
1.3400
12.9470
22.6614
2.0000
10.0000
0.0300
5.0150
7.0499
64.0000
256,5999
2.1000
20.2024
34.6453
8.0000
47.0000
8.5000
24.3750
11.6458
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
9.0000
315.0000
18.0000
122.7778
87.4153
15.0000
3000.0000
0.0300
208.8579
772.2639
17.0000
454.0000
22.0000
94.8823
106.4648
33.0000
488.0000
32.0000
115.0151
100.3362
27.0000
18.3000
3.2700
9.0196
3.8269
20.0000
16.0000
0.0260
5.5005
4.7009
66.0000
115,0000
0.0300
16.6120
I7.a7aa
22.0000
46.7500
1.2000
16.8109
11.8657
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
10.0000
173.0000
16.0000
83.2000
57.7828
18.0000
2000.0000
0.0200
134.6238
472.7300
25.0000
223.0000
33.0000
99.6400
57.9913
34.0000
1561.0000
43.0000
245.9382
288.7170
40.0000
10,4090
1.0000
5.2462
2.7136
21.0000
19.9000
0.0200
4.3681
5.9565
64.0000
27.5000
0.0700
11.0571
7.5512
12.0000
34.0000
1.5000
18.9658
9.6287
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
19.0000
315.0000
16.0000
101.9474
74.0122
33.0000
3000.0000
0.0200
168.3663
617.2905
42.0000
454.0000
22.0000
97.7143
79.9841
67.0000
1561.0000
32.0000
181.4536
225.6298
67.0000
18.3000
1.0000
6.7668
3.6876
41.0000
19.9000
0.0200
4.9205
5.3446
130.0000
115.0000
0.0300
13.8773
13.6351
34.0000
46.7500
1.2000
17.5714
11.0270
PAGE
SECONDARY
r-LANTS
3.0000
51.0000
25.0000
42.3333
15.0112
7.0000
10.0000
2.0000
4.5971
3.4961
7.0000
176.0000
44.0000
110.5714
51.6584
14.0000
420.0000
43.0000
148.7143
95.2359
19.0000
10,3000
1.0000
5.0300
2.9706
11.0000
19.9000
0.0800
9.3600
6.0649
29.0000
76.0000
0.0300
9.0310
14.4904
3.0000
14.0000
1.5000
6.7333
6.4933
5/23/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
(A»B+C*OTHER)
24.0000
514.0000
16.0000
123.7083
119.1603
49.0000
30000.0000
0.0200
729.1465
4298.9219
70.0000
470.0000
17.0000
106.6286
98.8269
123.0000
2169.0000
32.0000
227.6714
309.8406
95.0000
77.0000
0.4600
7.0187
8.2370
56.0000
23.8000
0.0100
4.9501
5.7187
218.0000
256.5999
0.0300
15.0710
21.8995
51.0000
47.0000
1.2000
16.8844
11.5900
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtO
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FIJLTEH (B) INCLUDES R01,802.804,605
4) aCTlVATEO SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01.C02.C05,C06,C09,C19,C20
51 SFCONDlkRY PL4NTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT SOD-*. AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 3OMGXL
A.ND GREATER THAN OH EQUAL TO 85* REMOVAL FOR BOTH PARAMETERS
-------
REPORT NO.P
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
/PARAMETERS
0100?
AS
01027
CD
01034
CP
01051
PB
l
LJ
^° 71900
HG
0104?
CU
01097
01067
NI
Kin T ETC •
TOT ARSENIC
UG/L
TOT CADMIUM
UG/L
TOT CHROMIUM
UG/L
TOT LFAO
UG/L
TOT MF.KCURY
UG/L
TOT COPPER
UG/L
TOT ANTIMONY
UG/i
TOT NICKEL
UG/L
CATEGORY
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO.porw
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
PRIMARY
(A)
1.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0000
36.0000
40.0000
3.0000
14.0833
8.9805
43.0000
2600.0000
6.0000
188.3488
405.9954
37.0000
1700.0000
10.0000
156.0270
?72.0637
23.0000
5.0000
0.1000
0.9826
1.3193
48.0000
1700.0000
10.0000
191.0833
278.2056
O.U
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.UOOO
1700.0000
6.0000
164*5757
3f 7.1609
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
4.0000
20.0000
0.5000
6.8250
8.9623
43.0000
66.0000
1.0000
11.2395
10.4963
56.0000
3200.0000
3.0000
235.3929
563*0,393
47.0000
1800. 0000
5.0000
116.0213
276.3105
24.0000
10.0000
0.1000
0.9620
1.9679
56.0000
1800.0000
2.6000
132.6892
263.0766
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.0000
1533.0000
7.0000
198.0425
335.9666
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
-------
REPORT NO.P
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
/PARAMETERS CATEGORY
01147 TOT SELENIUM
UG/L
01077 TOT STLVER
AG UG/L
0109? TOT ZTNC
ZN UG/L
0110? TOT TIN
UG/L
Ol
I
° 00680 TOT ORG CARBON
TOTAL, TOC MG/L
00410 ALKALINITY
PH 4.S MG/L
00400 PH
su
00095 SPECIFIC
CONDUCTANCE MICROMHO
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
PRIMARY
(A)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
i.oooo
13.0000
13.0000
13.0000
0.0000
49.0000
3600.0000
30.0000
550.0610
657.9351
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.0000
539.0000
52.0000
141.7999
84.2303
9.0000
300.0000
18.5000
167.0555
91.8010
59.0000
8.2000
5.0000
7.0764
0.4998
5.0000
970.0000
550.0000
737.0000
192.9903
NOTE*!
i NEGATIVE REMOVALS DELETED
PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
TRICKLING FILTER INCLUDES «01.802,804,805
TRICKLING
FILTER
(8)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
a.oooo
445.7000
2.0000
223.8500
313.7434
60.0000
2600.0000
40.0000
316.1665
463.5981
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.000W
129.0000
23.0000
54.3000
26.2976
22.0000
344.0000
41.0000
180.1136
91.7973
67.0000
8.0000
4.0000
7.1659
0.5876
15.0000
1480.0000
634.0000
952.2666
312.1035
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
2.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
69.0000
1400.0000
10.0000
237.6420
257.2742
3.0000
12600.0000
400.0000
4466.6641
7043.6797
14.0000
95.0000
10.0000
35.3357
22.4007
22.0000
400.0000
78.0000
248.0909
93.7499
54.0000
8.3000
6.2000
7.2146
0.4604
20.0000
2780.0000
760.0000
1369.3999
518.5095
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
-------
REPORT NO.8
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
Ol
/PARAMETERS CATEGORY
01105 TOT
AL
01045 TOT
FE
0105<; TOT
MN
50060
ALUMINUM
UG/L
IRON
UG/L
MANGANESE
UG/L
CHLORINE,
TOT RESIDUAL MG/L
00720
TOTAL
38260
00620
NITRATE
CYANIDE,
MG/L
MBAS
MG/L
NITROGEN*
MG/L
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
•MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO.POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.BEV
NO.POTW
MAX
Alt*
MEAN
STD.OEV
PRIMARY
(A)
1.0000
410.0000
410.0000
410.0000
0.0000
30.0000
5000.0000
400.0000
1517.6333
1023.4553
22.0000
390.0000
30.0000
175.8636
111.6616
26.0000
10.0000
0.2000
1.9558
1.9374
4.0000
0.1700
0.0200
0.0750
0.0656
6.0000
17.8000
0.4250
5.6725
6.3253
40.0000
6.5000
0.0100
1.0554
1.1591
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
6.0000
1450.0000
20*0000
510.0000
569.8840
35.0000
65550.0000
100.0000
2905.5999
11024.6836
28.0000
580.0000
20.0000
136.3214
129.9118
20.0000
3.0000
0.1000
1.9845
0.9363
8.0000
100.0000
0.0030
12.5066
35.3526
9.0000
3.2800
0.5700
1.7156
0.9443
33.0000
11.3800
0.1200
2*1570
2.5661
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
11.0000
570.0000
100.0000
193.6364
135.0016
37.0000
6800.0000
100.0000
746.7837
1171.4160
23.0000
940.0000
10.0000
144.2174
200.4855
22.0000
3.0000
0.2000
1.3555
0.8003
20.0000
2.2600
0.0020
0.1380
0.5009
8.0000
3.2900
0.2000
1.1600
1.1336
30.0000
8.0000
0.02QO
1.8597
2.2995
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
17.0000
1450.0000
20.0000
305.2939
362.2170
72.0000
65550.0000
100.0000
1796.2083
7751.0938
51.0000
940.0000
10.0000
139.8823
163.7516
42.0000
3.0000
0.1000
1.6550
0.9140
28.0000
100.0000
0.0020
3.6719
18.8833
17.0000
3.2900
0.2000
1.4541
1.0439
63.0000
11.3800
0.0200
2.0154
2.4278
PAGE
SECONDARY
PLANTS
5.0000
200.0000
100.0000
160.0000
54.7717
17.0000
1000.0000
100.0000
298.8235
223.4851
11.0000
190.0000
10.0000
82.3636
56.4114
14.0000
3.0000
0.7200
1.8693
0.8210
10.0000
0.1400
0.0020
0.0319
0.0447
2.0000
0.2200
0.2000
0.2100
0.0141
10.0000
6.7400
0.0500
2.0110
2.2987
5/23/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
(A*8+C+OTHER)
23.0000
1450.0000
20.0000
281.3042
316.5637
117.0000
65550.0000
35.0000
1600.8801
6121.0117
84.0000
940.0000
10.0000
146.5357
145.4156
74.0000
10.0000
0.0700
1.6957
1.3871
41.0000
100.0000
0.0920
2.5179
15.6087
25.0000
17.8000
0.2000
2.3778
3.5671
106.0000
11.3800
0.0100
1.6404
2.0528
NOTE**
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtO
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (B) INCLUDES B01.802,604,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01»C02.C05,C06,C09,C19,C20
5) SFCONDnRY PLANTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT BOO-S AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
A.ND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 85* REMOVAL FOR BOTH PAKAMETERS
-------
REPORT NO.fl
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
——•»--*>
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLU06E
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(8*0
PAGE f>
SECONDARY
PLANTS
5/23/T5
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
-------
REPORT NO.P
/PARAMETERS
V
CATEGORY
—-—*>
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B+C)
PAGE 7
SECONDARY
PLANTS
5/23/75
TOTAL ALL PLANTS
U*B*C*OTHER)
01065 NICKEL,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS NT
01025 CADMIUM,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS en
oiosft MANGANESE,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS MN
7i89o MERCURY,
DISSOLVED MG/L AS HG
70507 TOT OPTHO-
PHOSPHATF MG/L
oo69o TOT CARBON
MG/L AS c
00900 HARDNESS,
TOTAI MG/L
00425 ALKALINITY
-RTCARBONATF MG/L
KlrtTCe- t
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO.porw
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTw
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
31.0000
0.8200
0.1000
0.1313
0.1330
31.0000
0.0300
0.0100
0.0124
0.0062
31.0000
0.3600
0.0005
0.1578
0.0796
25.0000
0.0017
0.0001
0.0005
0.0004
33.0000
7.7000
0.7000
3.2524
1.6278
28.0000
580.0000
88.0000
180.6964
95.0200
14.0000
330.0000
30.0000
103.8571
76.2000
11.0000
300.0000
74.0000
155.0000
74.6980
10.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0
10.0000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0000
10.0000
0.1100
0.0300
0.0740
0.02SO
8.0000
0.0018
0.0001
0.0007
0.0005
20.0000
13.0000
0.7000
5.2875
3.8093
10.0000
160.0000
50.0000
81.5000
35.2334
6.0000
110.0000
32.0000
80.6667
33.9097
4.0000
160.0000
102.0000
122.0000
25.8716
10.0000
0.8000
o.ioeo
0.1850
0.2212
10.0000
0,1200
0.0100
0.0210
0.0348
10.0080
0.2600
0.0200
0.1140
0.0857
9.0000
0.0010
0.0001
0.0006
0.0003
13.0000
28.0000
0.1000
5.6000
8.3430
6.0000
90.0000
24.0000
56.3333
22.5359
6.0000
632.0000
60.0000
191.3333
221.4921
4.0000
104.0000
22.0000
62.0000
42.9884
20.0000
0.8000
0.1000
0.1425
0.1583
20.0000
0.1200
0.0100
0.0155
0.0246
20.0000
0.2600
0.0200
0.0940
0.0653
17.0000
0.0018
0.0001
0.0006
0.0004
33.0000
28.0000
0.1000
5.4106
5.8942
16.0000
160.0000
24.0000
72.0625
32.7481
12.0000
632.0000
32.0000
136.0000
161.7472
8.0000
160.0000
22.0000
92.0000
45.9065
6.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0001
6.0000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0000
6.0000
0.1100
0.0200
0.0750
0.0339
4.0000
0.0007
0.0001
0.0005
0.0003
6.0000
6.6000
1.0000
2.7167
2.0331
4.0000
160.0000
40.0000
81.5000
53.6002
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
52.0000
0.8200
0.1000
0.1350
0.1407
52.0000
0.1200
0.0100
0.0137
0.0158
52.0000
0.3600
0*0005
0.1348
0.0807
43.0000
0.0023
0.0001
0.0006
0.0005
68.0000
28.0000
0.1000
4.3762
4.3830
46.0000
580.0000
24.0000
145.4239
94.1036
26.0000
632.0000
30.0000
118.6923
121.6461
19.0000
300.0000
22.0000
128.4737
70.2899
1) NEGATIVE HEMOVALS DELETtD
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES 401.A02
3) TRICKLING FILTER (H) INCLUDES R01,802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE (C) INCLUDES C01,C02,C05,C06,C09,C19,C20
5) SECONDARY PLANTS ARE THOSE BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH EFFLUENT ttOD-S AND SS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30MG/L
AND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 85* REMOVAL FOR BOTH PAKAMETERS
-------
REPORT NO.P
/PARAMETERS
y
CATEGORY
PRIMARY
(A)
SUMMARY OF POTW EFFLUENT DATA
TRICKLING
FILTER
(B)
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(C)
BIOLOGICAL
PLANTS
(B*C)
PAGE
SECONDARY
PLANTS
5/23/75
TOTAL ALL PI ANTS
(A»B+C+OTHER)
CTl
I
00050
P 'OSPHATE
00070
00671
TOTAL
MG/L
TURBIDITY
JTL
DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPHATE MG/L
01037
01007
0007*
COBALT. TOT
UG/L AS CO
BARIUM. TOT
UG/L AS BA
TURRIOITY
FTU
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.OEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STD.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
NO. POTW
MAX
MIN
MEAN
STO.DEV
16.0000
68.0000
15.5000
31.0187
12.8231
7.0000
76.5000
25.0000
48.5000
19.4915
3.000U
40.0000
1.4000
14.9667
21.7049
2.0000
30.0000
20.0000
25.0000
7.0711
1.0000
160.0000
160.0000
160.0000
0.0000
1.0000
57.0000
57.0000
57.0000
0.0000
21.0000
36.5000
1.5600
17.3709
10.3413
12.UUOO
99.0000
15.0000
34.5250
21.8395
3.0UOO
6.7500
4.2000
5.1500
1.3937
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
100.0000
100.0000
100.0000
0.0000
2.0000
25.0000
10.0000
17.5000
10.6066
11.0000
90.0000
1.1000
24.6991
23.4743
8.0000
54.0000
3.0000
23.7625
14.3987
3.0000
3.0000
0.1600
1.4533
1.4368
2.0000
20*0000
20.0000
20.0000
0.0271
i.oueo
5800.0000
5800.0000
5800.0000
n.OOOO
1.0000
6.0000
6.0000
6.0000
0.0060
32.0000
90.0000
1.1000
19.8243
16.1120
20.0000
99.0000
3.0000
30.2200
19.5392
6.0000
6.7500
0.1600
3.3017
2.3880
2.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
0.0271
2.0000
5800.0000
100.0000
2950.0000
4030.5212
3.0000
25.0000
6.0000
13.6667
10.0167
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
2.0000
1.2000
0.1600
0.6800
0.7354
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
6.0000
6.0000
6.0000
0.0000
49.0000
90.0000
1.1000
23.6516
15.7270
30.0000
99.0000
3.0000
34.4400
20.8352
10.0000
40.0000
0.1600
7.9710
12.0081
5.0000
30.0000
20.0000
22.0000
4.4721
3.0000
5800.0000
100.0000
2020.0000
3273.6921
4.0000
57.0000
6.0000
24.5000
23.1588
NOTE*: I
1) NEGATIVE KEMOVALS OELETtO
2) PRIMARY (A) INCLUDES A01.A02
3) TRICKLING FIJLTER (B) INCLUDES R01.802,804,805
4) ACTIVATED SLUDGE
-------
TABLE 6-1
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
OF REMOVAL DATA
(PERCENT OF PLANTS)
PERCENT
REMOVAL
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
LEAD
MERCURY
COPPER
NICKEL
ZINC
IRON
MANGANESE
PHOSPHORUS
TOTAL
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
- PP
TFP
- ASP
BP
PP
- TFP
- ASP
- BP
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
PP
TFP
- ASP
BP
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
- PP
TFP
ASP
BP
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
26
43
34
38
61
71
74
73
56
71
67
69
62
70
71
70
70
98
97
97
18
56
59
58
82
92
95
94
93
93
97
95
37
76
73
75
INSUFFICIENT
100
100
100
75
88
83
19
43
30
35
44
67
74
71
50
59
59
59
52
60
65
63
47
92
94
93
7
50
43
46
61
87
91
89
81
90
91
91
18
66
68
68
DATA
50
77
67
6
37
27
32
36
60
67
64
41
54
57
56
33
55
62
59
34
76
78
77
7
34
30
32
39
79
84
82
67
77
85
82
12
47
47
47
33
69
55
6
26
20
23
25
48
56
52
24
51
53
52
33
50
44
46
27
71
75
73
4
16
16
16
32
62
81
72
41
60
74
68
6
33
42
38
20
50
38
3
9
16
13
19
31
43
37
15
34
43
39
29
10
29
26
18
51
63
58
4
13
8
10
26
40
64
53
26
40
71
57
6
28
31
30
12
33
25
3
9
11
10
19
21
41
31
9
27
31
29
19
10
18
22
11
3?
51
46
4
6
4
5
13
29
52
41
15
30
63
48
6
9
21
15
4
25
17
3
3
7
5
6
17
39
28
9
15
20
18
14
0
12
11
9
31
37
34
4
6
4
5
3
15
40
28
11
23
49
37
6
4
21
13
4
13
10
0
0
2
1
0
8
20
15
3
10
8
9
0
6
7
0
22
19
21
4
3
0
1
3
6
22
15
4
20
31
26
6
0
15
8
4
8
7
0
0
4
10
6
0
5
2
3
0
4
8
3
5
4
0
0
0
0
9
5
0
0
23
12
0
15
8
4
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
35
44
79
36
48
54
102
34
41
49
90
21
20
34
54
44
49
63
112
28
32
49
81
38
52
58
110
27
30
35
65
16
21
19
40
24
36
60
TOTAL
"KJELDALH"
NITROGEN
AMMONIA
PHENOLICS
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
PP
TFP
- ASP
BP
- PP
TFP
- ASP
- BP
INSUFFICIENT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
90
90
71
79
93
86
INSUFFICIENT
100
100
100
83
94
89
DATA
80
63
74
38
77
78
78
DATA
83
88
86
70
45
61
23
56
63
60
67
81
75
60
27
48
9
41
55
48
67
81
75
50
18
39
7
31
44
32
58
75
68
40
18
32
4
27
34
30
50
69
61
35
18
29
0
20
29
25
25
63
46
15
9
13
16
25
21
8
50
32
5
9
6
8
17
13
0
31
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
11
31
42
48
47
95
12
16
28
TOTAL
ORGANIC
CARBON
PP
TFP
ASP
BP
100
100
70
96
50
96
33
96
27
91
100
94
17
87
92
89
0
70
92
78
39
77
53
17
23
19
30
23
13
36
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
- PP
- TFP
- ASP
- BP
- PP
- TFP
- ASP
- BP
100
100
100
100
83
100
100
100
98
99
44
100
100
96
98
98
98
33
100
98
99
85
95
95
95
11
94
98
96
74
92
94
93
11
86
95
91
53
86
87
87
11
81
83
82
34
85
76
80
11
56
73
64
11
73
66
70
6
31
48
39
4
45
56
51
0
11
15
13
2
24
34
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
36
40
76
47
66
62
128
6-45
-------
TABLE 6-1 (Continued)
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
OF REMOVAL DATA
(PERCENT OF PLANTS)
PERCENT
REMOVAL 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 N_
BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND PP 100 83 65 42 29 17 12 6 2 0 52
TFP 100 98 98 97 97 92 88 77 63 20 0 60
ASP 100 98 98 98 97 92 83 72 46 0 65
BP 100 99 98 98 98 94 90 80 68 34 0 125
NOTES: 1) pp - Primary Plants (AO1, AO2)
2) TFP - Trickling Filter Plants (B01, BO2, BO4, BOS)
3) ASP - Activated Sludge Plants (CO1, CO2, COS, CO6, CO9, C19, C20)
4) BP Biological Plants (TFP + ASP)
5) N - Number of Plants
6-46
-------
TABLE 6-2
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
OP EFFLUENT DATA
(PERCENT OF PLANTS)
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1)^
CADMIUM - PP
- TFP
- ASP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
CHROMIUM- PP
- TFP
- ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1)^
LEAD - PP
- TFP
- ASP
- BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) ^
MERCURY - PP
- TFP
ASP
- BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) X
COPPER - PP
TFP
ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) ^
NICKEL - PP
TFP
- ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) Ł_
ZINC PP
TFP
- ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) Z
IRON PP
TFP
ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) 2L
MANGANESE - PP
TFP
- ASP
- BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1) Z.
PHOSPHORUS- PP
TOTAL - TFP
ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1) >
TOTAL PP
KJELDAHL TFP
NITROGEN ASP
BP
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1 ) 2.
AMMONIA PP
TFP
- ASP
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
0
4
89
83
92
88
50
73
48
42
45
50
81
58
57
57
0.4
70
77
62
68
50
88
52
51
52
50
64
66
57
61
100
92
79
65
72
600
90
65
30
46
6.0
82
68
78
73
2
90
100
93
96
5
8
80
68
75
72
100
45
35
25
29
100
54
24
14
19
0.8
30
27
32
31
100
54
30
31
30
100
39
47
23
33
200
71
39
39
39
1200
53
24
16
20
120
64
39
26
33
4
80
89
58
70
10
12
40
22
31
27
150
28
25
17
21
150
30
13
10
11
1.2
17
14
16
15
150
33
13
13
13
150
12
29
11
18
300
51
26
18
22
1800
30
12
8
10
180
41
21
17
20
6
60
70
38
51
15
16
37
17
27
22
200
25
23
15
19
200
24
9
8
8
1.6
9
14
14
14
200
25
13
9
11
200
9
26
11
17
400
31
19
14
16
2400
20
9
3
6
240
36
14
13
14
8
50
63
20
37
20
20
34
15
19
17
250
18
21
12
16
250
5
9
2
5
2.0
9
5
11
8
250
19
9
4
7
250
9
16
7
11
500
31
16
12
14
3000
10
6
3
4
300
18
14
13
14
10
10
41
5
19
25
24
11
5
4
4
300
15
21
12
16
300
5
9
0
4
2.4
9
5
5
5
300
19
9
4
7
300
9
16
5
10
600
27
11
9
10
3600
3
6
3
4
360
9
11
9
10
12
10
26
0
10
30
28
9
5
4
4
350
13
17
12
14
350
5
9
4
2.8
9
5
5
5
350
13
9
3
6
350
6
16
5
10
700
24
9
8
8
4200
3
6
3
4
420
0
4
9
6
14
10
7
3
35
32
0
2
2
2
400
10
17
12
14
400
3
9
4
3.2
9
5
5
5
400
13
9
1
5
400
6
16
4
9
800
22
9
8
8
4800
3
6
3
4
480
4
4
4
16
10
7
3
40
36
2
2
2
450
10
12
8
10
450
3
7
3
3.6
9
5
5
5
450
10
9
1
5
450
6
13
4
7
900
20
9
3
6
5400
0
6
3
4
540
4
4
4
18
10
4
1
45
40
2
2
2
500
8
12
8
10
500
3
7
3
4.0
9
5
5
5
500
8
6
1
3
500
6
11
4
6
1000
16
7
3
5
6000
6
3
4
600
0
4
2
20
10
0
0
50
N
35
41
48
89
40
52
60
112
37
45
51
96
23
22
37
59
48
54
68
122
33
38
56
94
49
57
66
123
30
34
37
71
22
28
23
51
10
27
40
67
INSUFFICIENT DATA
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
86
83
85
4
97
86
79
83
67
83
73
8
84
69
59
64
48
67
55
12
57
57
43
50
29
58
39
16
40
36
25
31
10
25
15
20
24
26
13
20
10
8
9
24
17
14
5
9
10
0
6
28
11
11
0
5
5
3
32
5
8
4
5
3
36
3
6
3
0
0
40
3
5
2
21
12
33
63
65
63
128
6-47
-------
TABLE 6-2 (Continued)
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
OF EFFLUENT DATA
(PERCENT OF PLANTS)
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (ug/1) 2. °
PHENOLICS - PP
TFP 100
ASP 100
BP 100
38
75
59
234
INSUFFICIENT DATA
38 38 38
75 50 38
59 45 38
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1) Z. 0 30 60 90 120
TOTAL PP 100 100 97 77 54
ORGANIC TFP 100 96 30 13 4
CARBON ASP 100 50 14 7 0
BP 100 78 24 11 3
38
31
34
150
31
0
38
31
34
180
17
38
31
34
210
9
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1)^ 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
CHEMICAL PP 100 100 89 89 79 68 63 63
OXYGEN TFP 100 94 72 47 22 14 8 8
DEMAND ASP 100 78 43 20 15 8 3 0
BP 100 86 57 33 18 11 5 4
38
31
34
240
9
320
58
3
38
13
24
270
3
360
42
3
10
31
6
17
300
3
400
37
0
13
16
29
35
23
14
37
19
36
40
76
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1) Z. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
SUSPENDED PP 100 98 93 78 48 24 20 13 11 9 9 54
SOLIDS TFP 100 73 42 17 9 6 5 3 222 66
ASP 100 58 31 20 11 8 6 6 3 2 0 64
BP 100 65 37 18 10 7 5 5 22 1 130
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION (mg/1) .2. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
BIOCHEMICAL- PP 100 100 97 93 86 74 59 52 45 36 28 58
OXYGEN TFP 100 82 41 20 15 13 8 7 55 3 61
DEMAND ASP 100 40 20 8 5 5 5 5 3 3 2 65
BP 100 60 30 13 10 9 6 6 442 126
1) PP - Primary Plants (AO1, A02)
2) TFP Trickling Filter Plants (BO1,
3) ASP Activated Sludge Plants (CO1,
4) BP - Biological Plants (TFP + ASP)
5) N - Number of Plants
B02, B04,
CO2, COS,
805)
C06, C09, C19, C20)
6-48
-------
Evaluation of Limited Data
Table 6-3 is a summary of removal and effluent data for
oil and grease, cyanide (total), and hexavalent chromium in
primary and biological treatment plants. The data presented
for oil and grease is a combination of the original oil and
grease data obtained by three distinct analytical methods
as distinguished by STORET numbers 00550, 00556, and 00560.
Of these parameters, oil and grease removal was most
significant with approximately 50 percent removal achieved
in primary plants and an average removal of 74 percent in
biological plants. It was noted that the oil and grease
removal for biological plants ranged from 19 to nearly 98%.
The variability of oil and grease removal is probably due
to a variety of factors specific to the municipal plant
(i.e., detention time, biomass acclimation, influent concen-
tration, skimmers, type and chain length of oil and grease,
presence of other pollutants, etc.). For plants reporting
oil and grease data, pass through was 25-27.8 mg/1 in primary
plants, and averaged 9.5 mg/1 in biological plants.
Removal of cyanide and hexavalent chromium was reported
only by biological treatment facilities. Removal varied
from 3 to 29 percent and 0 to 18 percent respectively, thus
indicating only incidental removal of these pollutants in
biological treatment plants. Corresponding effluent values
were 0.01 to 3.7 mg/1 for cyanide and 10 to 15-tyg/l for
hexavalent chromium. As a result of the limited number of
plants reporting oil and grease, cyanide and hexavalent
chromium data, this information should not be considered
conclusive, but rather indicative of the performance of
similar treatment facilities.
A limited amount of data was also reported on biological
treatment plants with chemical addition, and tertiary plants.
Tertiary plants include facilities designated as C07, COS,
CIO, D01, D02, D06, and D07, as defined in Appendix 6, Report
No. 2. Table 6-4 summarizes this data with mean and median
values for removal reported, along with the number of plants
reporting data. Again, no attempt was made to characterize
the performance of these plants due to the limited extent of
the data base. Nevertheless, the table confirms the expected
general improved removal of metals experienced in plants
utilizing chemical addition.
6-49
-------
Table 6-5 is presented to facilitate a comparison of
pollutant removals in biological and secondary treatment
plants. Biological plants include all trickling filter and
activated sludge facilities as defined in the table. In
this analysis, secondary plants were defined as those
biological plants with effluent BOD and SS equal to or
less than 30 mg/1, and achieving 85% or greater removal
for both parameters, for the data reported.
It should be noted that this definition is more restric-
tive than the prescribed method for determining secondary
treatment, as specified in the Federal Register (Appendix 2).
This results from the fact that the regulatory definition
of secondary treatment provides for compliance with the
limitations outlined above over a 30 day period, utilizing
an arithmetic mean of observed values. On the other hand,
the data utilized in the computer analysis to a large
degree represents influent and effluent values obtained over
a one day period only. As a result, many treatment plants
satisfying the official definition of secondary treatment
did not qualify as such in this analysis, thus accounting
for the relatively small number of secondary plants shown
in the table.
Nevertheless, the limited data generated in this analysis
generally confirms the expected result of greater removals
being achieved in plants meeting the definition of secondary
treatment. Of the eleven parameters reported in the table,
higher removals were attained on secondary plants for eight
pollutants, including chromium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc,
ammonia, total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand.
The parameters for which increased removals were not exper-
ienced in secondary plants included only cadmium, nickel
and phenol.
6-50
-------
TABLE 6-3
REMOVAL AND EFFLUENT DATA SUMMARY
FOR OIL AND GREASE, CYANIDE AND
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM
Primary Plants (PP)
Biological Treatment Plants (BP)
Percent Removal
Mean N
O&G
CYN
HEX.
I
en
(mg/1) 48
(mg/1) 0
CR. (jig/1) 0
6
1
3
Effluent
Concentration
Mean
27.8
0.075
17.0
Percent Removal
N Mean N
6 74.0 13
4 29.0 14
3 18.0 19
Effluent
Concentration
Mean N
9.5
3.672
15.0
25
28
20
Notes :
1.
2.
PP = A01, A02
BP = TFP + ASP
(Ref. Appendix
6, Report No.
= B01, B02, B04, BOS, C01,
2)
C02,
COS, C06, C09, C19, C20.
3. N = Number of plants reported.
-------
TABLE 6-4
REMOVAL IN BIOLOGICAL PLANTS WITH CHEMICAL
ADDITION, AND TERTIARY PLANTS
Biological w/Chem
Addition
CD
CR
PB
HG
CU
NI
ZN
FE
MN
P-TOTAL
TKN
NH.
PHENOL
TOC
COD
SS
BOD
Note:
1. Bio]
Median/Mean
% Removal
0/0
67/70
38/39
33/34
80/75
75/62
79/72
84/84
39/39
80/78
51/57
45/56
82/82
79/79
87/78
83/78
93/86
Logical plant
Tertiary
No. of Plants Median/Mean
4
6
6
5
5
7
8
3
2
6
6
5
2
3
5
8
6
:s with chemical
% Removal
0/6
14/32
31/44
17/22
79/73
13/18
77/63
94/82
47/53
41/43
88/88
89/80
85/65
75/74
88/84
93/90
95/90
addition are
No. of Plants
5
7
10
4
9
5
7
8
5
6
2
9
4
3
10
11
11
2.
as follows: B03, COS, C04, C14.
(Reference Appendix 6, Report No. 2).
Tertiary Plants are as follows: C07, COS, CIO, D01, D02,
D06, D07. (Reference Appendix 6, Report No. 2).
6-52
-------
TABLE 6-5
REMOVAL IN BIOLOGICAL AND SECONDARY TREATMENT PLANTS
Biological Plants (BP)
parameter
CD
CR
PB
HG
CU
NI
ZN
PHEN
TOC
COD
Percent
Removal
(mean)
15
43
37
35
58
19
55
46
71
69
72
Number
of Plants ( '
57
71
66
43
75
60
73
74
16
35
43
Secondary Plants
Percent
Removal
(mean)
10
52
46
49
69
9
71
65
65
79
82
Number
of Plants
11
20
19
14
22
16
19
26
7
8
20
Notes;
1.
BP = TFP + ASP = B01, B02, B04, B05, C01, C02, COS, C06,
C09, C19, C20 plants.
Secondary plants are those biological plants with effluent
BOD and SS equal to or less than 30 mg/1, and achieving 85%
or greater removal of both parameters for the data reported.
Number of biological plants which also reported BOD and SS
data.
6-53
-------
Correlation Analyses
Correlation analyses were performed to determine the
degree of linear relationship for influent concentration ver-
sus percent removal, suspended solids removal versus percent
removal, influent pH versus percent removal, and influent
concentration versus effluent concentration for nine metal
parameters. Table 6-6 is a summary of the correlation coeffi-
cients obtained. Of the four relationships investigated, only
influent concentration versus effluent concentration exhibited
a consistently high degree of correlation. This relationship
was therefore pursued further in the regression analyses
which follow.
The possibility of a linear relationship with log com-
binations for influent concentration versus percent removal,
suspended solids removal versus percent removal, and influent
pH versus percent removal for cadmium, chromium, and lead
was investigated in Table 6-7. NO consistent high degree of
correlation was exhibited in this analysis.
Regression Analyses
Polynomial regression analyses were performed to deter-
mine the line of best fit for the reported data in the
relationship of influent concentration to effluent concen-
tration. The regression equation along with the standard
error of estimate (Se), the standard deviation for effluent
concentrations reported (Ys), and the maximum and minimum
reported influent concentrations (X max, X min) is presented
in Table 6-8 for nine total metals' parameters. Three to
six degrees of polynomial regression were examined for each
parameter, with the selection of regression equations based
on the minimum reasonable Se/Ys ratio.
Taking into account the standard error of estimate, and
within the limits of influent concentrations X max, and X min,
the regression equations in Table 6-8- may be utilized to
estimate an effluent concentration from a given influent con-
centration, or conversely to estimate an influent concen-
tration from a given effluent limitation.
6-54
-------
TABLE 6-6
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Parameter
CD
CR
FB
HG
CU
NI
ZN
ui FE
ui
MN
Influent Cone.
vs. % Removal
SS % Removal
vs, % Removal
PH - Influent
vs. % Removal
Influent Cone.
vs. Effluent Cone.
PP TFP ASP N
(PP/TFP/ASP)
-0.02 0.33 0.22 31/25/44
0.19 0.38 0.22 26/48/54
0.63 0.40 0.41 34/41/49
0.03 0.22 0.26 21/20/34
-0.03 0.21 -0.01 44/49/63
0.23 0.52 -0.14 28/32/49
0.02 0.15 0.40 38/52/58
0.45 -0.15 0.13 27/30/35
0.06 0.31 0.12 16/21/19
PP
TFP ASP N PP
(PP/TFP/ASP)
-0.25 0.06 0.27 17/28/30 0.19
-0.02 0.18 0.43 19/37/40 0.12
0.03 0.07 0.17 21/32/41 0.17
0.54 0.32 0.41 11/16/28 -0.69
-0.17 0.36 0.30 20/36/43 -0.27
-0.26 -0.04 0.06 19/26/36 0.01
0.06 0.50 0.56 18/40/44 0.03
0.56 0.56 0.56 12/25/32 0.07
-0.08 0.18 0.11 14/21/18 -0.32
TFP ASP N
(PP/TFP/ASP)
-0.29 0.37 13/25/21
-0.07 -0.13 18/34/27
-0.41 0.07 17/30/32
0.01 0.10 9/11/20
-0.13 -0.25 27/36/37
0.05 -0.01 15/20/25
0.11 -0.07 21/38/34
-0.02 0.33 22/29/33
0.18 -0.29 12/20/16
PP TFP ASP N
(PP/TFP/ASP)
0.97 0.83 1.00 31/35/44
0.98 0.81 0.84 36/48/54
0.58 0.67 0.77 34/41/49
0.89 1.00 0.76 21/20/34
0.97 0.87 0.67 44/49/63
0.94 0.65 1.00 28/32/49
0.96 0.93 0.61 38/52/58
0.67 0.99 0.57 27/30/35
0.92 0.85 0.95 16/21/19
Notes:
1. PP =
2. TFP =
3. ASP =
4. N
A01, A02 plants (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
B01, B02, B04, BOS (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
C01, C02, COS, C06, C09, C19, C20 (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
Number of plants reported.
-------
TABLE 6-7
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (LOG)
Parameter Log Inf. Cone. Log Inf. Cone. Influent Cone.
vs. Log % Rem. vs. % Removal vs. Log % Rem.
PP TFP ASP PP TFP ASP PP TFP ASP
CD -0.13 -0.001 0.33 -0.05 0.05 0.38 -0.04 0.24 0.23
CR 0.62 0.50 0.62 0.45 0.61 0.67 0.28 0.22 0.20
PB 0.51 0.38 0.32 0.59 0.58 0.43 0.43 0.21 0.30
Log SS % Rem. Log SS % Rem. SS % Rem.
vs. Log % Rem. vs. % Rem. vs. Log % Rem.
PP TFP ASP PP TFP ASP PP TFP ASP
CD -0.38 0.11 0.30 -0.23 0.08 0.26 -0.37 0.08 0.33
CR 0.57 0.20 0.44 0.63 0.18 0.42 0.54 0.18 0.41
PB 0.02 -0.10 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.17 -0.03 -0.10 0.05
pH - Influent
vs. Log % Rem.
PP TFP ASP
CD 0.32 -0.36 0.27
CF 0.35 -0.09 -0.11
PB 0.34 -0.32 -0.02
Notes:
1. PP = A01, A02 plants (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
2. TFP = B01, B02, B04, BOS (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
3. ASP = C01, C02, COS, C06, C09, C19, C20 (Ref. Appendix 6,
Report No. 2)
6-56
-------
TBHLE 6-8
REGRESSION ANALYSES - INFLUENT CONC. (X) vs. EFFLUENT COHC. (If)
PRIMARY PIANTS (PP)
Parameter Regression Equation
S.
y
(JX3/1)
,CD
CR
PB
HG
CU
NI
ZN
en FE
01
MN
Y
Y
Y
y
y
Y
Y
Y
y
=0.39 + 0.99 x
= 14.6 + 0.69 x
2
= 16.3 + 0.73 x -0.001X
= -0.13 + 0.81 x
= -10.2 + 0.79 x
= -8.00 + 0.90 x
= -56.9 + 0.76 x
= 650-0. OIx+0.0002x2
-2(10"8)x3
= 3.97 + 0.82 x
1.7
90
54
0.7
73
108
194
713
37
7.3
442
79
1.4
289
312
685
1055
91
X,,
Max
30
3600
1040
5
1900
1700
4300
9000
370
-Vu
3
6
10
0.3
30
9
40
620
46
Notes:
1. Ys = Standard deviation (of effluent concentration reported)
2. Se = Standard error of estimate
3. X~j^ = Maximum reported influent concentration
4. xJjT = Minimum reported influent concentration
5. PP1^ A01, A02 plants (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
6. TFP = B01, B02, B04, BOS (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
7. ASP = C01, C02, COS, C06, C09, C19, C20 (Ref. Appendix 6, Report No. 2)
n
3
6
10
0.1
30
9
40
20
46
TRICKLING FILTER PLANTS (TFP)
Regression
Equation
Sp
Ys
X
X .
(pg/1) "ax ""•
Y
y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
= 5.08
= -26.2
= -5.33
= 0.09
= 64.9
= 14.9
= -10.7
= -829
= 5.85
+ 0.34 x
+ 0.53 x-2(10~5)x3
2
+ 0.53 X-O.OOOlx
+ 0.52 x
+ 0.15 x
+ 0.88x-0.0001x2
+ 0.51 x
+ 0.76 x
+ 0.60 x
-
215
147
0.1
148
63
165
1376
43
6
546
287
2.1
301
365
440
11894
81
(90
14000
7750
19
12000
8300
4800
85700
426
2
4
5
0.2
20
12
94
160
30
ACTIVATES) SLBIBSE PIANTS (ASP)
Regression Equation
S_
Y
Y
Y
Y
y
Y
Y
y
Y
= 3.16 + 0.48 X
=-1.30 + 0.36 x
= 25.6 + 0.26 x
- 2.72-1.02X+O.01X
- 7.48 + 0.38 X
= -29.5 + x.
= 73.1 + 0.19 x
=-927-tr-2.15 x -0. 001 x2
+ 8 (10"8) X3
= 24.7 + 0.47 x
9
211
34
15
53
61
136
641
69
C^g/1)
295
389
52
34
71
5706
169
1200
215
wax —
4130
5600
930
300
620
40000
2200
7367
2020
Hin
3
5
5
0.2
30
9
60
250
35
-------
APPENDIX 7
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
SECTION A - Introduction
SECTION B - Management of a Control Program
SECTION C - Legal Aspects of a Control Program
SECTION D - Monitoring
SECTION E - Pollutants which Interfere with
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
SECTION F - Removal of Pollutants in Publicly
Owned Treatment Works
-------
SECTION A - INTRODUCTION
Reference: Volume I - Section A
Volume II - Appendices 1 & 2
A-l Theories and Practices of Industrial Waste Treatment,
Nemerow, Nelson Leonard, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, (1963).
This book is divided into four sections:
1. The effects of industrial wastes on a receiving
stream and how to treat wastes to protect the
stream.
2. Theories of waste treatment including solids
removal, neutralization, equalization and pro-
portioning, and removal of dissolved organics and
inorganics.
3. Engineering practice and actual case studies which
consider economics, public opinion, personality
differences, local laws or customs, and previous
community experience to help the reader put theories
into practice.
4. A condensed evaluation of the nature of major indus-
trial wastes - their origin, characteristics and
treatments.
A-2 Projects in the Industrial Pollution Control Division -
December, 1974, Environmental Protection Technology
Series, EPA 600/2-75-001 (March, 1975) .
This book is a compilation of information sheets from
all projects initiated since fiscal year 1967 (through
fiscal year 1974). Each sheet contains the objectives,
statistical information, and a brief description of one
project.
A-3 "Combined Tannery and Municipal Waste Treatment -
Gloversville - Johnstown, New York," Nemerow, N. and
R. Armstrong, Proceedings of the 21st Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University, (1966), p. 447.
This article describes the stream survey used on the
Cayadutta Creek to determine the waste treatment re-
quired for a combined tannery-municipal waste discharge
flow. The sampling procedure used is indicated and the
results are discussed. Laboratory scale treatment tests
were conducted on the waste stream, and the results and
conclusions are presented.
7-1
-------
A-4 "Synthetic Organic Pesticides - An Evaluation of Their
Persistence in Natural Water," Okey, Robert W. and
Richard H. Bogan/ Proceedings of the llth Pacific
Northwest Industrial Waste Conference, Corvallis, Oregon,
Cir. No. 29, p. 222 (1963).
Metabolism studies were carried out with the Warburg
microrespirometer, and the conventional 5-day 20°C
biochemical oxygen demand test to determine the persis-
tence (biodegradeability) of insecticides. The work
was carried out in two principal phases. The first
employed unacclimated activated sludge, and the second
used acclimated activated sludge. A discussion of the
results is included.
A-5 "Toxicity of Chemicals in Paper Factory Effluents,"
Norup, Bjarne, Water Research, Vol. 6, p. 1585 (1972)
This article presents the results of a study to demon-
strate that PCP is as toxic to fish as the dangerous,
previously used slimecides containing mercury. A dis-
cussion of the experimental results is given.
A-6 "Treatment Studies of Combined Textile and Domestic
Wastes," Lauria, Donald T. and Charles A. Willis,
Proceedings of the 19th Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University, (1964), p. 45.
Pilot plant studies were conducted to evaluate a com-
pletely mixed biological process to treat combined
domestic and industrial wastes, produced in the town
of Valdese, North Carolina. The results of the pilot
plant tests and conclusions are presented in this
paper.
A-7 "Biomonitoring of Industrial Effluents," Jackson,
Herbert W., and William A. Brungs, Jr., Proceedings
of the 21st Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
(1966), p. 117.
This paper describes a method to determine the toxicity
of wastewater by using tanks containing aquatic life.
The death of fish signal a deleterious change of the
wastewater. A schematic flow scheme of the system and
operating procedures are given.
7-2
-------
A-8 "Isolation and Identification of Anaerobic and Faculta-
tive Bacteria Present in the Digestion Process,"
Burbank, N. C., Jr., et.al.. Proceedings of the 19th
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1964),
p. 552.
The purpose of this study was fivefold:
1. To improve the equipment devised to cultivate
anaerobic bacteria.
2. To improve the techniques for identifying anaerobic
bacteria.
3. To isolate and identify the anaerobic bacteria and
facultative bacteria present in sewage sludge.
4. To correlate the population of the bacteria to the
operation of digesters.
5. To isolate and identify anaerobic and facultative
bacteria present in the digestion process of meat
packing wastes.
Results and conclusions are presented in this study.
A-9 "Industrial Wastewater Reclamation," Rambow, Carl A.,
Proceedings of the 23rd Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University, (1968), p. 1.
The environmental and economic advantages of wastewater
reclamation are presented in this paper. Specific case
histories are presented where wastewater reclamation has
demonstrated distinct advantages over other methods of
treatment.
A-10 "Decision Factors - Separate Industry or Joint Municipal
Waste Treatment," Sanders, Francis A., Proceedings of
the 23rd Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
(1968), p. 1021.
This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages
to both industry and communities of joint treatment.
The factors which affect the decision of joint treatment,
and the advantages of using a consulting engineer are also
presented.
7-3
-------
A-ll "Combined Waste Treatment at Grand Island, Nebraska,"
Gibbs, W.R., and Henry Benjes, Jr., Proceedings of the
22nd Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
(1967), p. 800.
This paper discusses the development of the conceptual
design of the new sewage collection and treatment system
at Grand Island, Nebraska. The detailed design and the
operation of the treatment system are also presented.
A-12 Comparative Effects of Chemical Pretreatment on Carbon
Adsorption, Westrick, James J., et al., presented at
the Water Pollution Control Federation 47th Annual Con-
ference, October 8-13, 1972.
Three physical-chemical pilot plants were operated,
utilizing three different chemical clarification schemes
preceding filtration and carbon adsorption. The purpose
of the study was to compare effluent qualities from each
plant. A method of data analysis was developed to permit
simplistic comparison of carbon dosages and costs.
A-13 "Phys/Chem or Biological: Which Will You Choose?",
Barth. E^E.,and Jesse M. Cohen, Water & Wastes Engineering,
(Nov., 1974).
The relative advantages and disadvantages of physical-
chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods are
discussed. Examples are given where combinations of both
methods can satisfy a particular wastewater requirement.
A-14 "The Treatment of Industrial Wastewater for Reuse -
Chrysler Indianapolis Foundry," Balden, A.R., and
Paul R. Erickson, Proceedings of the 25th Industrial
Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1970), p. 62.
This paper discusses the waste treatment plant designed
for the Chrysler Indianapolis Foundry. The waste treat-
ment plant handles the waste stream produced by the gas
scrubbers, which contain iron particles, evaporated oils
and phenols.
A-15 "Wastewater Load Evaluated at a Multi-Product Organic
Chemical Plant," Morrissey, A. J. and S. A. LaRocca,
Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 117, No. 5, p. 173,(May, 1970)
The wastewaters generated from a chemical plant are
characterized and their effects on receiving waters are
assessed. The sampling and analysis program is also
discussed.
7-4
-------
A-16 "Experience in the Treatment and Re-use of Industrial
Waste Waters," Rennf Charles E., Proceedings of the 24th
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1969),
p. 962.
The re-use of industrial waste waters at the Black and
Decker Manufacturing Company's Hampstead, Maryland plant
were discussed. A detailed description of the collection
pond is given, and a discussion of the operating problems
faced is also contained.
A-17 "Water Conservation and Reuse by Industry," Irvine,
Robert L., Jr. and William B. Davis, Proceedings of the
24th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (1969),
p. 450.
The reasons why industry has not implemented in-plant
water management programs for water conservation and
reuse are discussed in this paper. The first part of
the paper disputes these reasons; the second part dis-
cusses how the concepts of conservation and reuse aid
in overall plant performance. The third part indicates
how the efficiency of biological waste treatment facili-
ties can be increased.
A-18 "Rough Days Ahead for Industry, but New Methods Gain,"
Heckroth, Charles W., Water and Wastes Engineering,
(January, 1972), p. A2.
This article briefly discusses:
1. The W.P.C.F. meeting held in San Francisco in 1971,
including EPA viewpoints regarding latest treatment
technology.
2. Studies presented at the WPCF meeting on how five
towns are handling both municipal and industrial
wastewaters.
3. Advances in pulp and paper, food, plating, plastic,
and mining waste treatment systems.
A-19 "Detection of Industrial Wastes in Municipal Systems,"
Delaney, Ladin, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 42, No. 4, p. 645, (April, 1970).
This article briefly discusses some basic procedures for
detecting illegal discharges to sewerage systems. Speci-
fic case histories are presented to illustrate each of
the author's suggestions.
7-5
-------
A-20 "Acceptable Methods for the Utilization or Disposal of
Sludges/" U.S. E.P.A., 430/9-75, a preliminary draft
of a technical bulletin, Supplement to Federal Guidelines;
Design, Operation and Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment
Facilities, 26 pp.
This bulletin discusses the factors important to the
environmental acceptability of a particular sludge manage-
ment system. The environmental assessment procedure to
determine the acceptability of sludge disposal at a specific
site is also discussed. Information on the constraints of
various sludge disposal methods is presented.
A-21 "Wastewater Treatment for Small Communities," Part I,
Tchobanoglous, George, Public Works, Vol. 105, No. 7.
p. 58, (July, 1974).
This article defines some of the general problems associ-
ated with small waste treatment plants. Alternate treat-
ment processes and design considerations for small plants
are discussed. Economic comparisons between treatment
processes are also given.
A-22 "Wastewater Treatment for Small Communities," Part 2f
Tchobanoglous, George, Public Works, Vol. 105, No. 8,
p. 58, (August, 1974).
Design considerations for small activated sludge systems
are discussed. An economic evaluation of alternative
processes is considered and illustrated. Capital and
operating costs for various systems are shown.
A-23 Industrial Wastes, Rudolfs, W., Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, New York, N. Y. (1953), 497 pp.
Brief descriptions of industrial waste-producing processes,
sources of wastes, recovery and remedial measures, quan-
tities and characteristics of the wastes, methods of treat-
ment and the effects of the wastes on domestic sewage
treatment processes are presented. Various contributors
presented waste treatment fundamentals from the physical,
chemical, biochemical and engineering viewpoints.
7-6
-------
A-24 "Measuring Open Channel Wastewater Flows," Blois, R.S.,
Pollution Engr., Vol. 19, No. 6, P- 20, (Nov.-Dec., 1973).
The use of weirs to measure flow rates is discussed.
Some basic designs are given, and simple flow recording
methods are presented.
A-25 "Analytical Parameters of Petrochemical and Refinery
Wastewaters," Ford, D.L., et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 43, No. 8, p. 1712,
(August, 1971) .
This paper discusses the tests for BOD, COD, TOD, and
TOC, and shows how these tests can be used to determine
wastewater characterization and wastewater treatability.
A-26 "Unique System Solves Plastic Problem," Water and Wastes
Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 5, p. C-20, (May, 1973).
This article briefly discusses the method used by the
Marbon Chemical Division of Borg-Warner Corporation to
determine whether a waste stream was biodegradeable.
The analysis also produced the design parameters for
the full scale plant.
A-27 "A Method for the Measurement of the Radioactive Content
of Wastewater," Haughey, Francis J. and Raymond M. Manganelli,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 36,
No. 1, p. 88, (January, 1964).
A method to measure the radioactive content of wastewater
is presented in this article. The method accounts for
the relationship between radioactivity and the various
sewage solids fractions.
A-28 "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Instrumentation,"
Babcock, Russel H., Water and Wastes Engineering, Vol. 5,
No. 8, p. 47, (August, 1968).
This article briefly discusses instruments and controls
that can be used in a sewage plant.
7-7
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A-29 "Surveillance in Water Quality Management," Ward, Robert C.,
et al. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 45, No. 10, p. 2081, (October, 1973).
This paper reviews the strategy developments in water
quality surveillance that have occurred in this country.
The paper also discusses the importance of data to
successful implementation of these strategies and notes
failures in the utilization of the data. Remedies for
these situations are also proposed.
A-30 Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes, Volume on Liquid
Wastes, American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K Street, N.W.,
Washington, B.C. (1969).
This document is a comprehensive manual on the disposal
and treatment of petroleum refinery wastes. Included is
information on the removal and reduction of pollutants,
collection and treatment of wastewaters, monitoring, and
solubility and toxicity data.
A-31 Principles of Industrial Waste Treatment, Gurnham, C. Fred,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, (1955), 399 pp.
This book examines the problem of industrial wastes from
the unit operations viewpoint. Operations and processes
used to treat wastes before discharge include physical,
chemical and biological pretreatment. Sources of wastes,
their pollutional effects and a review of major industry
problems are covered.
A-32 Industrial Waste Treatment Practice, Eldridge, E. P.,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, New York, (1942),
401 pp.
Information and data pertaining to the design and operation
of treatment works for industrial wastewaters are given.
Wastewaters from important industries are characterized.
A-33 Choosing the Optimum Financial Strategy, Upgrading Meat
Packing Facilities to Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA Technology
Transfer Seminar Publication, October, 1973, 38 pp.
This booklet presents various strategies for financing
pollution control equipment. The areas covered include
depreciation, State and other financing, tax incentives,
and comparisons between on-site and municipal treatment.
Three hypothetical meat packing facilities are considered
as examples, and their method of optimizing costs are detailed.
7-8
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A-34 In Process Modifications and Pretreatment, Upgrading Meat
Packing Facilities to Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA, October,
1973, 90 pp.
Methods of reducing pollution from meat packing plants are
described in this report. Both in-plant modifications and
pretreatment of wastes are discussed. Two case histories
are presented, with operating results. A discussion of
odor problems and control is also included.
A-35 Waste Treatment, Upgrading Meat Packing Facilities to
Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA, October, 1973, 64 pp.
This booklet describes the use of biological wastewater
treatment methods to treat waste from meat packing plants.
The various biological systems are indicated, and procedures
for planning, designing and constructing such facilities
are recommended. Proper operation and maintenance pro-
cedures are presented, and case histories of several plants
utilizing biological treatment are detailed.
A-36 In-Plant Control of Pollution, Upgrading Textile Operations
to Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA Technology Transfer Seminar
Publication, October, 1974, 118 pp.
This study surveys the wastes produced by textile operations
and indicates various treatment methods to reduce and eliminate
pollution. Examples of flow reduction, water reuse and waste
segregation are presented. Different pretreatment techniques
are also discussed.
A-37 Wastewater Treatment Systems, Upgrading Textile Operations
to Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA, October, 1974, 45 pp.
Experience with using biological treatment systems and
activated carbon to treat textile wastes is described in
this bulletin. The sources and strengths of wastewaters
from various textile manufacturing processes are described,
and case histories from several plants are indicated.
A-38 In-Process Pollution Abatement, Upgrading Metal Finishing
Facilities to Reduce Pollution, U.S. EPA, July, 1973, 69 pp.
This booklet describes generally the metal finishing industry
and techniques that can be used to control pollution. One
chapter deals specifically with water pollution, and discusses
both conservation and treatment.
7-9
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A-39 Waste Treatment, Upgrading Metal Finishing Facilities to
Reduce Pollution. U.S. EPA, July, 1973, 47 pp.
Methods of treating metal-finishing wastes are discussed
in this document. Methods of process solution regeneration
and recovery are indicated and commonly used waste treatment
systems are also described. A chapter on solid-liquid
separation, solids concentration and sludge disposal is
included. The economic considerations of waste treatment
are outlined.
A-40 Upgrading Poultry Processing Facilities to Reduce Pollution,
Volume 1 - In-Process Pollution Abatement, Volume 2 - Pre-
treatment of Poultry Processing Wastes, Volume 3 - Waste
Treatment, U.S. EPA Technology Transfer Seminar Publication,
June, 1973.
This three volume set of booklets describes methods of
reducing and treating the wastes from poultry processing
operations. The first volume describes the industry and
its wastes,and presents a case study of process and equip-
ment modifications whichwere successful in reducing waste-
water. The second booklet discusses unit operations which
may be used as pretreatment of poultry wastes. The relation-
ship of municipal ordinances and these wastes is also indi-
cated. The third volume discusses complete waste treatment,
including planning, selection and operating suggestions. A
case history of a waste treatment plant for poultry wastes
is included.
A-41 Technical Aspects of Joint Waste Treatment^ Municipal/Industrial.
Litsky, W., et.al. editor. Proceedings of an Institute Held
at Framingham, Massachusetts, March 5, 1969, Technical Guidance
Center for Industrial Water Pollution Control (University of
Massachusetts) and Associated Industries of Massachusetts.
This document is a collection of papers dealing with the
organizational, managerial and technical aspects of joint
industry/municipal sewage treatment. Some of the subjects
included are economic studies of joint treatment and case
histories of combined treatment. 15 technical papers are
included.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles:
E-31
E-66
E-73
D-112
7-10
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SECTION B - MANAGEMENT OF A
CONTROL PROGRAM
Reference: Volume I - Section B
B-l "Delaware System Moves Ahead," Webber, Paul J. and
Robert C. Kausch, Water and Wastes Engineering, p. 44,
January, 1972.
This article describes how the Delaware River Basin
Commission set up a regional waste treatment system
in cooperation with the local municipalities and in-
dustries. The article describes the history, starting
from the original agreement, through the pilot plant
to the beginning of the final plans.
B-2 "Classifying Industrial Wastewater Emissions,"
Williams, Rodney T., Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 121,
No. 7, p. 86, (July, 1974).
This article describes the classification methodology
of the East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland,
California to categorize the industrial users of their
system. The article describes the classification pro-
gram, the rate structure, the regulations and permits
used.
B-3 "Pollution Abatement Thru Government-Corporate
Cooperation," Reed, Paul E., Water and Sewage Works,
Vol. 121, No. 9, p. 104, (September, 1974).
This article describes the managerial, fiscal, and
political aspects of the Joint Treatment Facility be-
tween the Borough of Naugatuck, Connecticut and Uni-
royal, Inc. The Naugatuck Treatment Company, which is
owned by Uniroyal, Inc. will run the plant. The
financial considerations of this arrangement are
described.
B-4 "Chicago Industrial Waste Surcharge Ordinance,"
Anderson, Norval E. and Ben Sosewitz, Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 43, No. 8,
p. 1591, (August, 1971).
This article first describes in detail the surcharge
program, and then includes a copy of the ordinance
used by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater
Chicago.
7-11
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B-5 "The Joint Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Approach - A Case History," Hickman, Paul T., Presented
at the Water Pollution Control Federation Meeting, Denver,
Colorado, October 9, 1974.
This paper presents a case history of the Joint Municipal
and Industrial approach to water pollution control, prac-
ticed in the City of Springfield, Missouri. The article
describes the collection system, treatment plants, and
the history of the surcharge system.
B-6 "All Parties Can Benefit from Joint Municipal-Industry
Treatment," Byrd, J. Floyd, Water and Sewage Works,
Volume 116, No. 11, p. IW 14, November, 1969.
This article lists the advantages of joint treatment as
opposed to separate industrial treatment. A number of
specific cases are presented to support these claims.
Factors affecting the development of a good ordinance
are also listed.
B-7 "Methods of Charging for the Reception, Treatment and
Disposal of Toxic Wastes," Harkness, N., Water Pollution
Control, Vol. 69,(1970).
This article presents methods of calculating the costs
of (and the charges for) treating toxic wastes mixed
with sewage. Different methods are presented for differ-
ent types of wastes to be treated.
B-8 "Technical Bases for Assessing the Strength, Charges for
Treatment and Treatability of Trade Wastes," Simpson, James R.,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 66, No. 2, p. 165,(1967).
This article presents a detailed methodology, with formulas,
for determining the strength, and charges for treatment of
industrial wastes in publicly owned treatment works.
B-9 "Rx for Industry: Regionalism," Traguair, William C.,
Water and Wastes Engineering, May, 1973.
This article states the reasons for choosing joint treat-
ment in Concord, N.H., and describes the treatment system
used.
7-12
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B-10 "Cooperation Helps Erie," Waytenick, Robert J.f Water
and Wastes Engineering/ September, 1973, p. 76.
This.article describes the agreement between Erie,
Pennsylvania and the Hammermill Paper Company for a
joint waste treatment system. A description of the
treatment plant is also presented.
B-ll "Estimating Industrial Water Pollution in Small Regions,"
Greenberg, Michael R. and Rae Zimmerman, Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 45, No. 3, p. 462,
(March, 1973).
This article describes the methodology used to develop
a model for estimating the volume and quality of indus-
trial effluents. The model was developed for the New York
Metropolitan region, consisting of 21 counties.
B-12 Enforcement Management System Users Guide, U.S. E.P.A.,
NTIS No. PB 210 716, 210 pp., September, 1972.
The Enforcement Management System (EMS) was developed
to aid our pollution control agencies handle data arising
from most agency enforcement activities. The system
emphasizes management control of enforcement functions
and establishes standardized methods of handling data.
B-13 "Industrial Waste Charges," Seagraves, James A., Journal
of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE Vol. 99,
No. EE 6, p. 873,(December, 1973).
The controversial issues involved in establishing equitable
industrial charges for wastewater discharges are discussed.
Included are several examples of existing surcharge methods.
B-14 "Combined Treatment," Byrd, J. P., Proceedings of the 16th
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1961), p. 92,
The advantages and limitations of combined municipal-indus-
trial sewage treatment are discussed. Several methods of
recovering costs are also reviewed.
7-13
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B-15 "Potential of Large Metropolitan Sewers for Disposal of
Industrial Wastes," Gibbs, Charles V. and Ray H. Bothel,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 37,
No. 10, p. 1417,(October, 1965).
The advantages to industry of locating in a large metro-
politan area to benefit from joint treatment of industrial
wastes are discussed. The discussion includes the relative
financial, personnel,technical and treatability aspects of
sewage treatment.
B-16 "Development of an Industrial Waste Study for a Munici-
pality," Meers, J. E., et al, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 36, No. 12, p. 1501,
(December, 1964).
A survey was conducted to develop a comprehensive sewerage
plan for the Bloom Township Sanitary District, Chicago
Heights, Illinois. The objectives of the study were to
identify wastewater constituents that interfere with treat-
ment works, to determine the extent that the present facili-
ties could be utilized, and to evaluate the present sewer
use ordinance.
B-17 "An Industry Approach to Pollution Abatement," Rocheleau, R.F.,
and E. F. Taylor, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 36, No. 10, p. 1185,(October, 1964).
The factors necessary to implement an effective industrial
waste management program are discussed. Control methods
and techniques are also described and economic considerations
are stressed.
B-18 "New Concepts in Industrial Sewage Collection," Munson,
Edward D., Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 36, No. 9, p. 1146,(September, 1964).
This article discusses the segregation of industrial wastes
and their conveyance through open channels as a means of
wastewater collection and treatment. The Bayport, Texas
industrial sewerage plan is also described.
7-14
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B-19 "Combined Treatment - A Coast to Coast Coverage,"
Byrd, j. Floyd, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation. Vol. 39, No. 4, p. 601,(April, 1967).
This article discusses factors that can contribute to
the failure or success of combined industrial and muni-
cipal wastewater treatment systems. The advantages of
performance and cost of joint treatment are examined.
Precautions necessary to assure success are also outlined.
B-20 "Combined Treatment at Kalamazoo - Cooperation in Action,"
Swets, Donald H., et al, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 2, p. 204,(February, 1967).
This article describes the steps which led to the esta-
blishment of a government and industry joint wastewater
treatment system. Some of the philosophies that shaped
the venture, and how the program evolved and was imple-
mented are discussed. Points of view are presented by
representatives of each of the affected institutions:
public works director, industry, city and state.
B-21 "Evaluation Factors for Joint Waste Treatment," Reiter, W.M.,
Pollution Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 38,(December, 1974)
This article contains a general discussion on the factor's
that need to be considered in a joint municipal-industrial
waste treatment program. Factors include waste treatability;
federal, state and municipal regulations; pretreatment re-
quirements; and cost and extent of monitoring and surveil-
lance.
B-22 "Planning and Execution of Industrial Waste Treatability
Studies," Westfield, James D., et al, Proceedings of the
26th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,(1971),
p. 832.
This paper presents an approach to planning a treatability
study. The approach defines a framework which can be used
to plan and conduct any industrial waste treatability eval-
uation. Treatment processes can then be selected to satisfy
required removals.
7-15
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B-23 "The Foundation of Successful Industrial Waste Disposal
to Municipal Sewage Works," Wisely, W.H., Proceedings of
the 5th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
(1949), p. 360.
Factors leading to successful joint (municipal and indus-
trial) sewage treatment relationships are discussed.
Some of the common causes for breakdown in these arrange-
ments are outlined.
B-24 "Management of Industrial Effluent Disposal in Britain,"
Jackson, C. J., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 41, No. 12, p. 2020,(December, 1969).
This article discusses the wastewater treatment and
disposal factors to be considered in making industrial
planning decisions. Factors discussed include treatment
and disposal methods, pretreatment requirements, and
costs.
B-25 "Planning Industrial Waste Treatment," Black, H. H.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 41,
No. 7, p. 1277,(July,1969).
This article presents those concepts that may serve as.
guidelines for those engaged in the planning of industrial
waste treatment. Factors that must be considered for ef-
fective planning are discussed, including evaluation of
waste load, and receiving waters, treatment requirements,
development of design criteria, and monitoring.
B-26 "Treatment of Mixed Industrial Wastes at Bayport's Indus-
trial Complex", Meriwether, George B., Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 41, No. 3, p. 440,
(March, 1969).
The central wastewater collection and treatment system for
the Bayport industrial complex is described. Pretreatment
requirements, management of the program and the system of
user charges are also discussed.
7-16
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B-27 "How to Manage Industrial Inflow," Williams, R. T. and
R. J. Dolan, Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 121, No. 12,
p. 46,(December, 1974).
The development of a wastewater management plan for the
East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California
is reported. The discussion includes ordinance develop-
ment, sampling program, service charges, and permit programs,
B-28 "The Advantages of Industrial-Municipal Wastewater Treat-
ment," Watson, K. S., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 42, No. 2, p. 209,(February, 1970).
This article discusses the advantages of joint treatment,
and indicates the different approaches that a sanitary
district can take. Case histories are discussed, such as
the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Allegheny
County, and the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater
Chicago. An equitable finance formula is also discussed.
B-29 "Industrial Effluents: Problems of Recovering Costs,"
Lewin, V. H., Discharge of Industrial Effluents to Municipal
Sewerage Systems, p. 77, Proceedings of Symposium of the
Institute of Water Pollution Control, London.
November 29-30, 1971.
This paper discusses several systems now in use in England
and Wales to recover the costs of industrial sewage treat-
ment. Some of the problems involved are also discussed.
The experiences of the City of Oxford, which has been using
a Mogden-type formula for cost recovery, are reported.
B-30 "Methods of Charging for the Treatment and Disposal of
Industrial Effluents in Municipal Sewerage Systems,"
Simpson, J. R. and G. A. Truesdale, Discharge of Indus-
trial Effluents to Municipal Sewerage Systems, p. 65,
Proceedings of Symposium of the Institute of Water Pollu-
tion Control, London. November 29-30, 1971.
A method to calculate user charges for industrial effluents
is presented. A charge for both the capital and operating
costs is recommended. Calculations for capital costs are
based upon sewerage system design; operating costs are
based upon quantity and character of flow. Formulae to
make these calculations,and several examples of their
implementation are also included.
7-17
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B-31 "Present Industrial Effluent Legislation and Its Short-
Comings," Fisher, N. S., Discharge of Industrial Effluents
to Municipal Sewerage Systems, p. 14, Proceedings of
Symposium of the Institute of Water Pollution Control,
London, November 29-30, 1971.
This paper reviews British law pertaining to the dis-
charge of trade effluents and comments on some of the
shortcomings of its provisions. Several views are pre-
sented on where the responsibility for water quality
control should be.
B-32 "Effects of the 1972 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
on Industrial Waste Monitoring in Anondaga County,"
Ott, Randy, et al, presented at the New York Water Pollution
Control Association, January, 1974.
An extensive analysis program was conducted to estimate
industry's proportionate cost of wastewater treatment. A
discussion of cost of such a program, data collection,
and results of the program are presented in this paper.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles:
D-3 E-15
D-12 E-16
D-29 E-28
D-34
D-42
D-76
D-114
7-18
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SECTION C - LEGAL ASPECTS
OF A CONTROL PROGRAM
Reference: Volume I - Section C
C-l "Wastes May Not Be a Treat for Pretreatment," Chemical
Week, October 9, 1974.
This article discusses the disadvantages of pretreatment
for organic chemical manufacturing plants. The disad-
vantages discussed include economic, technical and
political considerations.
C-2 "The Sewer Ordinance Basics," Calver, Robert and
Trevor Saxon, Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 121, No. 8,
p. 54, (August, 1974 ).
The fundamentals of wastewater control are discussed,
including the need for an industrial sewer ordinance.
Recommendation for planning and designing the ordinance
are also included and user charge formulas are presented,
C-3 "Regulations and Service Charges for the Treatment of
Industrial Wastewater in Federally Assisted Public
Facilities," Gutierrez, A. F., Paper presented to the
Southeast Section Convention of the American Waterworks
Association. San Antonio, Texas, October 11, 1971.
The importance of adopting a community ordinance to control
and regulate the use of public wastewater facilities, to
protect these facilities and to provide an equitable
system of cost recovery is discussed. Included is a cost
recovery formula and several examples which illustrate its
use.
C-4 "Energetic Enforcement of Industrial Waste Ordinances,"
Lavin, Allen, Proceedings of the 23rd Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University, p. 550, 1968.
This paper discusses why industrial waste ordinances have
been failing, and how the Metropolitan Sanitary District
of Greater Chicago is enforcing theirs. The author also
presents arguments for strict enforcement of industrial
waste ordinances.
7-19
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C-5 "Municipal Waste Ordinances - The Views of Industry,"
Byrd, J. F., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 37. No. 12, p. 1635, (December, 1965 ).
The views of industry are presented on what constitutes
a good municipal waste ordinance. The discussion centers
on those aspects of the model ordinance, presented in
Water Pollution Control Federation's Manual of Practice #3,
"Regulation of Sewer Use,", which are of interest to
industry.
C-6 Development of a State Effluent Charge System, U.S.
E.P.A., NTIS No. PB 210 711, 215 pp., February, 1972.
The Vermont permit and fee system that has been developed
and implemented is described in this book. Various methods
of fee calculations are discussed and the reasons for se-
lection of one are set forth. The following issues are
discussed: incentive effect on dischargers, the relation
of dischargers to instream economic damages, equity, con-
stitutionality, economic efficiency, technical and adminis-
trative feasibility and income potential.
C-7 "Effluent Guidlines - Industry's Point of View," Elkin,
Harold F, et al, Pollution Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 6,
p. 18, (November-December, 1974 ).
This article examines industry's view toward'the develop-
ment and use of effluent guidelines for industrial dis-
charges to navigable waters. It presents a case history
of the development of petroleum refining discharge guide-
lines .
C-8 "Chicago vs. Industry Polluters," Lue-Hing, Cecil, and
Earl W. Knight, Water and Wastes Engineering, p. 71,
September, 1973.
This article briefly discusses the water pollution problem
caused by industries discharging to the Metropolitan Sani-
tary District (MSD) of Greater Chicago and the actions
taken by the MSD to correct these problems.
7-20
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C-9 "Some Experiences in the Pretreatment of Industrial
Waste Going to the Municipal Sewer System of Philadelphia,"
Reich, j. s.. Proceedings of the 10th Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University, (1955), p. 244.
The pretreatment and disposal practices of several types
of industries discharging to the Philadelphia treatment
system are discussed. The city has established a set of
criteria upon which pretreatment requirements are based.
C-10 "Control of Industrial Wastes Entering Municipal Sewers,"
Carpenter, Carl B., Proceedings of the llth Industrial
Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1956), p. 1.
This article presents the experiences of the Hammond
Sanitary District's monitoring and ordinance program.
The article describes its monitoring system to catch
illegal dischargers. Case histories dealing with problem
wastes from industry are also presented. These case
histories deal with such items as waste streams con-
taining spent pickle liquors,oil spills, and sulfuric
acid plant wastes.
C-ll "Establishing Industrial Waste Ordinances," Taylor, Dean M.,
Proceedings of the 10th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue
University, (1955), p. 255.
This paper discusses the basic requirements which should
be recognized in preparation of an industrial wastewater
ordinance. Factors to be considered include a clear
definition of terms, conditions for usage of the public
sewers, prohibitions of specific substances, monitoring
requirements, penalties and charges.
C-12 "Experience with Waste Ordinance and Surcharges at
Greensboro, North Carolina," Shaw, Ray E., Jr., Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 1,
p. 44,(January,1970.)
This article is a case history of how an ordinance system
was developed in the City of Greensboro, North Carolina.
The article includes discussions on the ordinance struc-
ture, the method of establishing the surcharge, the
sampling procedures, and presents several case histories.
7-21
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C-13 "Factors in the Development of an Industrial Waste
Ordinance," Hamlin, W.G., Proceedings of the 9th Indus-
trial Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1954), p. 14.
This article discusses some of the many factors which
must be considered before drafting an adequate industrial
waste ordinance. Factors to be considered include:
statement of purpose and policy, definition of terms,
definition of public sewer usage, prohibition of specific
substances, conditions of industrial waste discharge,
industrial waste charges, refunds, penalties and validation.
C-14 "Pretreatment Requirements for Industrial Waste Discharged
to Municipal Treatment Systems," Escher, Dennis E. and
Andrew J. Kicinski, presented at the ASCE-EED Specialty
Conference on Environmental Engineering p^g^arr"hf n^v^lnp-
ment and Design, Pennsylvania State University. July, 1974.
This paper considers the subject of developing criteria
for the pretreatment of industrial wastes prior to their
discharge into municipal sewage treatment systems. The
article presents a detailed discussion of the 1972 amend-
ments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, including
requirements and interpretations. The paper also dis-
cusses some recommended effluent limitations for pretreat-
ment.
C-15 "Consents and Agreements," Finch, John, Discharge of
Industrial Effluents to Municipal Sewerage Systems,
Proceedings of Symposium of The Institute of Water
Pollution Control, London, p. 23, November 29-30, 1971.
Legal aspects of implementing the Acts of Parliament
pertaining to wastewater treatment are discussed. In-
cluded are several model agreements, which contain regu-
lations establishing effluent limitations, financial
arrangements and management control programs.
7-22
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C-16 "MOP No. 3 Regulation of Sewer Use", Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation.
Part I - Vol. 45, No. 9, p. 1985 (September, 1973)
Part II- Vol. 45,No. 10, p. 2216 (October, 1973)
This manual of practice has been prepared to assist
municipalities regulate, and control wastewater: facili*-
ties. The importance of controlling usage is empha-
sized. The fundamental requirements of the regulations
that are essential to proper control are indicated.
The effects of inadequate control, and considerations
in developing a code and ordinance, are also discussed.
The second part of this manual presents and discusses
a model ordinance for wastewater control. Charges for
wastewater service are indicated and recommendations
to implement the ordinance are made.
C-17 "Heavy Metals in Digesters: Failure and Cure," Regan,
Terry M. and Mercer Peters, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 10, p. 1832 (October, 1970),
also reported in Proceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University, (1970), p. 645.
This article reports the action taken after primary
digester failure at the Lexington, Kentucky treatment
plant. The failure was caused by excessive metal con-
centrations. The costs incurred from this failure are
also presented. The waste sampling system that was sub-
sequently instituted is described.
C-18 Metropolitan Sewerage System, Seattle, Washington.
Resolution No. 2158. Regarding the Control and Disposal
of Industrial Waste into the Metropolitan Sewerage
System, July, 1974.
7,-23
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C-19 City of Atlanta, Georgia
a. Sewer Service Charges and Industrial Waste Sur-
charges, 1971.
b. Standards of Acceptability of Industrial or Trade
Wastes for Admission into Sewers of the City of
Atlanta, Georgia, 1971.
C-20 Metropolitan Sewer Board, St. Paul, Minnesota, Sewage
and Waste Control Rules and Regulations for the Metro-
politan Disposal System, December 1, 1971.
C-21 The Sanitary District of Rockford, Illinois, Ordinance
No. 309, Pollutant Discharge Control Ordinance of the
Sanitary District of Rockford, 1974.
C-22 City of New York, New York
a. Rules and Regulations Relating to the Use of the
Public Sewer System for the Discharge of Sewage,
Industrial Waste and Other Wastes, Including Sur-
charges and Penalties.
b. Amendment to the Administrative Code, Section
687-1.0 Industrial Waste; Sewer Surcharges.
C-23 City of Houston, Texas, Disposal of Industrial Waste
Through City Sewer System, 1974.
C-24 Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Rules and Regulations, December 4, 1968,
7-24
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C-25 Commission of Jefferson County, Jefferson County, Alabama
a. Rules and Regulations for Discharge of Waste Into
Sanitary Sewerage System, April, 1970.
b. Resolution for Industrial Waste Surcharge, September, 1972.
C-26 The Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, St. Louis, Missouri
a. Ordinance No. 2289, May, 1972
b. Ordinance No. 2412, March, 1973
c. Ordinance No. 2444, June, 1973
C-27 City of Akron, Ohio, Ordinance No. 499, Industrial Wastes;
Regulations for Non-acceptable, 1963.
C-2€ City of Dallas, Texas, Industrial Waste Ordinance, 1969.
C-29 City of Topeka, Kansas, Ordinance No. 13664, 1975.
C-30 City of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, The Discharge of Waters
and Wastes Into the Public Sewer System.
C-31 Westchester County Environmental Facilities, Westchester
County, New York, Sewer Ordinance No. 1, Rules, Regulations
and Ordinances Governing the Discharge of Sewage, Industrial1
Wastes or Other Wastes.
C-32 City of Olean, New York, Sewer Use Ordinance, September, 1968.
C-33 Township of Towamencin, Pennsylvania, Rates, Rules and
Regulations, April, 1967.
C-34 City of Muncie, Indiana, Muncie Code of Ordinances? Laws
Pertaining to This Division, 1954-1967.
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C-35 Sewer Utility of the City of Boulder, Boulder, Colorado,
Ordinance No. 3836.
C-36 Environmental Improvement Agency of New Mexico, Santa Fe,
New Mexico, Industrial Waste Ordinance, a model ordinance,
C-37 County of Onondaga, Syracuse, New York, Rules and Regu-
lations Relating to the Use of the Public Sewer System,
1972.
C-38 The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
a. Sewage and Waste Control Ordinance as Amended, 1972.
b. Sewer Permit Ordinance, 1969, Amended, 1972.
c. Industrial Waste Division Procedural Manual.
C-39 Texas Water Quality Board, Austin, Texas, A Suggested
Industrial Waste Ordinance.
C-40 City of Wichita, Kansas
a. Title 16, Sewers, Sewage Disposal and Drains, 1964
b. An Ordinance Amending Sections of the Code
C-41 State of Vermont, Suggested Model Sewer Use Ordinance,
January, 1975.
C-42 California Water Pollution Control Association, Berkeley,
California
a. Model Wastewater Discharge Permit Application Question-
naire, October, 1974.
b. Model Wastewater Discharge Ordinance, April, 1974.
C-43 State of Massachusetts, Suggested Rules and Regulations
Regarding the Use of Common Sewers, 1974.
C-44 city of Wilmington, Delaware, Exclusion of Materials
Detrimental to the Sewerage System
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C-45 Buffalo Sewer Authority, Buffalo, New York, Sewer
Regulations of the Buffalo Sewer Authority.
C-46 East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California
a. Ordinance No. 27, Waste Water Control Ordinance, 1972
b. Wastewater Discharge Permit Parts A-G
C-47 Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles,
California
a. An Ordinance Regulating Sewer Construction, Sewer
Use and Industrial Wastewater Discharges, April, 1972.
b. Instructions for Obtaining a Permit for Industrial
Wastewater Discharge
c. Instructions for Filing an Industrial Wastewater
Treatment Surcharge Statement
d. Industrial Wastewater Charge Rates, 1971
e. Technical Report - Waste Discharge to the Ocean
C-48 "Pretreatment Requirements for Industrial Wastes Discharged
to Municipal Treatment Systems," Escher, E.D., and
Kicinski, A.J., ASCE-EED Specialty Conference on Environ-
mental Engineering Research, Development and Design, Penn
State University.
Results of a study of the ordinances of 100 geographically
distributed municipalities are presented. Ordinance status
is covered along with ranges of limitations on certain
pollutants as established by the ordinances in force.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles:
B-4 D-112 F-16
B-10 F-41
B-20
B-21
B-23
B-27
B-31
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SECTION D - MONITORING
Reference: Volume I-Section D
Volume II - Appendix 3
D-l "The Need for, and Methods of, Monitoring and Control
of Industrial Discharges to Sewers," Wrigley, K. J.
and F. Ashworth, Discharge of Industrial Effluents
to Municipal Sewerage Systems, p. 91, Proceedings of
the Symposium of the Institute of Water Pollution
Control, London, (Nov. 29-30, 1971).
Several aspects of monitoring trade wastes are
discussed including regulatory control, instrumental
methods of analysis, and qualifications of personnel.
The monitoring system used in Manchester for the past
ten years is discussed.
D-2 "Self-Contained Sampling and Measurement System Features
Respirometer," Robert Shaw Controls, Water and Sewage
Works, Vol. 121, No. 2, p. 53 (February, 1974).
This article discusses a self-contained sampling
and measurement system which measures oxygen utilized
to determine BOD. The sampler aerates the effluent
sample and measures the DO before and after. Response
time is 2 minutes.
D-3 "Make Water Pollution Control a Meaningful Local
Responsibility," Craddock, John M., The American City,
May, 1974, p. 63.
This article discusses the procedure used by the
Division of Water Quality of the Muncie, Indiana Sanitary
District to monitor industrial and commercial wastewaters
within their jurisdiction. Automatic samplers are placed
on discharges to the sanitary sewer system, which permit
monitoring for metals, BOD , COD and suspended solids.
D-4 "Instrumentation for Measurement of Wastewater Flow,"
Nedved, Thomas K. et al, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 44, No. 5, p. 820
(May, 1972).
A new instrument has been developed, which measures
both stream flow and its characteristics. The device is
portable, self-contained, and independent of outside power
sources. The system takes a stream sample after a
preset flow volume has passed. The instrument is identified
and described in this article.
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D-5 "Polarographic Method for Nitrate and Dissolved
Oxygen Analysis," Hwang, C. P- and C. R. Forsberg,
Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 120, No. 4, p. 71,
(April, 1973).
This article discusses the disadvantages of
the common methods for measuring nitrates and
dissolved oxygen. The article then describes a
test utilizing a polarographic apparatus with a
rapid dropping electrode. The test results are
presented.
D-6 "A Rapid Biochemical Oxygen Demand Test Suitable for
Operational Control," Mullis, Michael K. and Edward
D. Schroeder, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 43, No. 2, p. 209 (February, 1971).
A method to determine the total biological oxygen
demand of soluble wastes using the chemical oxygen
demand test and a mass culture of cells is presented
in this article. Experimental and operational data
are both presented. A method to shorten the time
required to determine BOD is discussed.
D-7 "The Use of Collaborative Studies to Evaluate Water
Analysis Instruments," McFarren, Earl F. and Raymond
J. Lishka, Journal of the Water Pollution Federation,
Vol. 43, p. 67 (January, 1971).
A collaborative study has been indicated as a
method to obtain objective evaluation of measurement
instruments in laboratories. Studies of fluorides,
pesticides, metals and nutrients in water were
conducted by the Analytical Reference Service. These
collaborative studies are analyzed, and the reliability
of various instruments is presented.
D-8 "Total Phosphorus Analysis: Persulfate on Ashing?"
Gupta, Kailash B. and Alphonse E. Zanoni, Water and
Sewage Works, Vol. 121, No. 7, p. 74 (July, 1974).
This article describes two methods for total
phosphorus analysis, the persulfate oxidation and the
dry ashing method. The article presents analytical
procedures for both methods, and examples of tests on
natural water samples are included. Comparisons of
the two tests are presented and discussed.
7-29
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D-9 "Metals in Sewage Measured Simply but Accurately,"
The American City, August, 1972, p. 40
This article describes how the laboratory at the
Irwin Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Charlotte,
North Carolina uses an atomic absorption spectrophoto-
meter to monitor metal elements.
D-10 "Laboratory Tests for Plant Operation Control and Stream
Quality Measurement," Banerji, Shankha K., Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 43, No. 3,
p. 399 (March 1971).
A number of water quality tests, including those
for BOD, COD, TOC, total oxygen demand, suspended solids,
sludge volume index and oxidation - reduction potential
are discussed in this article. The advantages and
disadvantages of each test are also discussed.
D-ll "Gauging and Sampling Industrial Wastewater (Open Channel),
Klein, Larry A. and Albert Montague, Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 8,
p. 1468 (August, 1970).
The gauging and sampling system developed by New
York City to measure industrial discharge to the sewer
system is presented in this article. The methods
utilized are applicable to open channels.
The methods described include: an inflatable gas bag
and portable ejector system for in-plant gauging; and a
combination V-notch weir or flume with a head measuring
device and a propeller meter for out-of-plant measurements.
D-12 "Routine Surveillance Alternatives for Water Quality
Management," Ward, Robert C., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 12, p. 2645
(December, 1974).
Grab sampling, automatic monitoring, and remote
sensing are reviewed in this paper. Their individual
and collective roles in the overall design of a routine
water quality surveillance program are discussed.
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D-13 "Portable Device to Measure Industrial Wastewater Flow,"
Forester, R. and D. Overland, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 4, p. 777
(April, 1974).
This paper describes a method of monitoring the
wastewater pumps in a sewage treatment plant to record
the pump's operating time. The paper indicates how
this defines both the total flow and the flow during
any period of time. This data can compliment auto-
matic samplers in obtaining accurate wastewater measure-
ments .
D-14 "Carbon Measurements in Water Quality Monitoring," Maier,
Walter J. and Hugh L. McConnell, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 4, p. 623
(April, 1974).
This article discusses the use of a carbon analyzer
to test natural waters in Minnesota. The results of an
extensive test program are presented. The program
tested the organic and inorganic carbon content of the
waterways, various equipment, and the correlations
between BOD/TOC and COD/TOG ratios.
D-15 "Comparison of Wastewater Sampling Techniques,"
Tarazi, D. S. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 708, (May, 1970).
The results of a study comparing two sampling
techniques is presented. One technique uses grab samples
and the other composite samples. The tests were run
on two separate outfalls and results of the tests are
indicated.
D-16 "Evaluation of an Automatic Chemical Analysis Monitor
for Water Quality Parameters," O'Brien, James E. and
Rolf A. Olsen, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 42, No. 3, p. 380, (March, 1970).
This article evaluates an automatic water monitor-
ing unit with 12 channels to measure: Nitrate, Nitrite,
Alkalinity-pH 8.3, Alkalinity-pH 4.6, Phenol, Free
Ammonia, Sulfate, Phosphate, Iron (Fe), COD, Methylene
Blue Active Substance, and Fluoride. The test site was
on the Hudson River, 3 miles south of Albany, New York.
Operational problems of the unit are discussed. Modifi-
cations to the unit in attempts to overcome some problems
are discussed,and factors which must be taken into con-
sideration in the design of an automatic system are
reported.
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D-17 "The Detection of Organic Pollution by Automated
COD," Molof, A. H. and N. S. Zaleiko, Proceeding of
the 19th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
(1964) , p.540.
This paper presents the results of experimental
work to convert the manual COD test as outlined in
Standard Methods to an automated chemical test. The
test consists of using a colorimeter to measure the
Hexavalent Chromium present after the oxidation steps.
Laboratory and field test results are both given.
D-18 "An automated BOD Respirometer," Arthur, Robert M.,
Proceedings of the 19th Industrial Waste Conference/
Purdue University,(1964), p. 628.
This paper describes an automatic instrument which
measures BOD utilizing the partial pressure of oxygen
over a sample with the use of a manometer.
D-19 "A Colorimetric Method for Determining Chemical Oxygen
Demand," Gaudy, A. F. and M. Ramanathan, Proceedings of
the 19th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
(1964) , p. 915
The purpose of the experiments reported in this
article was to determine whether COD values obtained
by the standard titrimetric procedure were equivalent
to those obtained colorimetrically when identical samples
were subjected to identical reflux conditions. Tests
were conducted on municipal, industrial, and joint wastes.
Laboratory tests on a standard compound were also included,
D-20 "The Determination of Total Organic Carbon in Water,"
Larson, T. E. et. al., Proceedings of the 19th Industrial
Waste Conference, Purdue University (1964), p. 762.
This paper discusses one method for measuring the
carbon dioxide process by the TOC test, which uses
Van Slyke reagent. Laboratory test results are presented
and discussed.
7-32
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D-21 "Characterization of Industrial Wastes by Instrumental
Analysis," Clark, H. A. Proceedings of the 23rd
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (1967)
p. 26.
This paper presents a general discussion of a large
laboratory in Toronto, and discusses the work func-
tions and equipment available in the laboratory. The
use of the instruments (including polarography, atomic
adsorption spectrophotometry, and chromatographic methods),
and the application of these techniques to industrial
wastes is also indicated.
D-22 "A Fluorometric Method for the Determination of Lignin
Sulfonates in Natural Waters," Thruston, Alfred D., Jr.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42,
No. 8, p. 1551 (August, 1970).
The use of a simple fluorometer for the detection
of low concentrations of lignin sulfonate solutions is
described in this article. An optical bridge fluorometer
was used in experiments which are also described. The
limits of fluorescent assay are presented and details
of a continuous monitoring system are also indicated.
D-23 "Remote Sensing of Water Pollution," Horn, Leonard W.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 40, No. 10, p. 1728 (October, 1968).
The concept and theory of remote sensing are discussed
in this article. A discussion of the various factors
which govern the remote sensing of water pollution is
also included. Different types of remote sensing are
discussed and the advantages and limitations of many are
presented.
D-24 "Application of the Total Carbon Analyzer for Industrial
Wastewater Evaluation," Ford, Davis L., Proceedings of
the 23rd Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
(1968), p. 989.
This article presents information on the correlation
of BOD and COD to TOC for various chemicals and for
various industrial waste streams (e.g. chemical and
petrochemical). Literature was used as the source for
the raw data.
7-33
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D-25 "Identification of Petroleum Products in Water," Lively, L.,
et al, Proceedings of the 20th Industrial Waste Conference.
Purdue University (1965), p. 657.
This paper presents an analytical method to deter-
mine petroleum products in water. Specific industrial
problems are then used to illustrate the application of
these analytical methods.
D-26 "Value of Instrumentation in Wastewater Treatment/1
Salvatorelli, Joseph, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 40, No. 1, p. 101 (January, 1968).
Instrumentation and its application to waste treat-
ment plants is discussed in this article. The types of
instrumentation available, the value of instrumentation,
the applications of instruments and examples of their
use are all discussed.
D-27 "Monitoring and Treatment of Cyanide - Bearing Plating
Wastes," Vought, John H., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 12, p. 1971 (Dec., 1967)
Treatment plant controls, and monitoring equipment
at a Motorola plant are described. Their automatic
monitoring includes pH and cyanide measurement.
D-28 "Determination of Organics in Water," Andelman, Julian B.
et. al., Proceedings of the 20th Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University (1965) p. 220.
This paper assesses the extent of recoverability of
organics when activated carbon is used to remove organics
from wastewater. The organics are then extracted from
the carbon and measured. Municipal tap water was used
as the sample for the experiments.
D-29 "Water Quality Monitoring must be Action-Oriented,"
Stack, Vernon T., Jr., Water and Waste Engineering,
Vol. 8, No. 3, p. 310 (March, 1971).
This article discusses monitoring systems in
detail. Problems in their administration (with potential
solutions)are indicated, particularly in regard to obtain-
ing representative samples. A review of automatic samplers
on the market is also included.
7-34
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D-30 "Waste Monitoring by Gas Chromatography," Cochran,
L. G. and F. D. Bess, Journal of the Water Pollation
Control Federation, Vol. 38, No. 12, p. 2002 (Dec., 1966).
The development of gas chromatography and its
use at the Institute, West Virginia Plant of Union
Carbide Corporation is presented in this article.
Gas chromatographs help control organic loadings on the
treatment plant, trace abnormal losses of chemicals
common to several departments, and evaluate the effective-
ness of treatment.
D-31 "A Rapid Wastewater Sensitivity Test," Brown, James A.,
Jr., Industrial Waste, May/June, 1972, p. 28.
The application of a modified paper disc technique
for rapid screening of wastewater is described. Materials
that exert a deleterious effect on the physiological
function of the microorganisms in activated sludge
may be detected by this technique. The test is
qualitative, and the details of the technique are
presented.
D-32 "Cold Vapor" Method for Determining Mercury," Kopp,
John F. et. al., Journal of the American Water Works
Association, Vol. 64, p. 20 (Jan., 1972).
This article presents an analytical method for
measuring mercury in water. The method was developed
in the author's laboratory. An atomic absorption
spectrophotometer with auxiliary equipment is required.
D-33 "Mercury Analysis and Toxicity: A Review," Baker, Robert
A. and Ming-Dean Luh, Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 118,
No. 5, p. IW-21, (May, 1971).(Also included in Industrial
Wastes, May/June, 1971)
This article reviews various methods used to measure
mercury, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The
advantages and disadvantages of each procedure are
discussed. The toxicological effects of mercury are also
indicated in this article.
7-35
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D-34 "Monitoring Wastewater? Try these Methods," Churchill,
R. J. and T. A. Helbig, Industrial Wastes, September/
October 1974, p. 26.
A basic approach to a self-monitoring system is
presented in this article. The needs for and methods
to obtain representative samples are indicated, and the
Federal Guidelines and various analytical methods are
reported.
D-35 "A New Technique for Industrial Waste Sampling,"
Beach, Martha I. and John S. Beach, Jr., Industrial
Wastes, January/February, 1973, p. 28.
This article describes a sampling technique called
the sequential composite, and compares it to grab samples,
simple composites and flow proportioned composites.
D-36 "Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Simplifies Heavy-
Metals Analysis," Willey, Benjamin F., et. al., Journal
of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 64, p. 303 ,
(May, 1<>72)
This article presents the basic operating principles
and procedures for adjusting the instrument settings of
an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and precautions
concerning its operation. Its application for the analysis
of heavy metals is discussed in detail. The article also
compares atomic absorption with wet chemical analysis.
D-37 "Rapid Phosphate Determination by Fluorimetry,"
Guyon, John C. and Wolbur D. Shults, Journal of the
American Water Works Association, Vol. 63, p. 403
(August, 1969).
Two similar procedures for determining phosphate
concentrations are discussed. One method is suitable
for lower concentrations and the second for higher levels.
The elimination of interferences of cations and anions
is also discussed. The apparatus, reagents and procedures
to be used and the effects of certain variables are
presented.
7-36
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D-38 "Detection and Monitoring of Phenolic Wastewater,"
McRae, A. D. et. al., Proceedings of the 14th
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, (1959).
This paper describes the modifications made to
an instrument which used a nitrous acid-mercuric nitrate
reagent (millions Reagent) to monitor phenols. Modifica-
tions included a water softener, buffering agent and
indolac reagent. The modifications were made on an
instrument which monitored the effluent from the
Imperial Oil Limited Oil Refinery in Sarnia, Ontario,
Canada.
D-39 "Polarographic Scanning of Industrial Waste Samples,"
Porter, J. D. and W. W. Sanderson, Proceedings of the
9th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
(1954).
A method of screening water samples to determine
which metals are present is reported. The advantage
of this screening is to eliminate analyzing for
metals which are not present. A detailed description
of the equipment and the procedure of the tests is
given.
D-40 "New, Simplified Methods for Metal Analysis," McFarren,*
Earl F., Journal of the American Water Works Association,
Vol. 64, p. 28 (January, 1972).
This article summarizes the theory and operation of
atomic absorption spectrophotometry- Different procedures
applicable to determine various metals is discussed. The
metals include zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese,
silver, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, chromium, aluminum,
beryllium, barium, vanadium, arsenic and mercury.
D-41 "Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury: A Plenary Account for
Water Pollution, Part I - Occurrence, Toxicity and Detection,"
Cheremisinoff, Paul, N. and Yousuf H. Habib, Water and
Sewage Works, Vol. 119, No. 7, p. 73 (July, 1972).
A description of the nature, sources and uses of the
metals listed in the title are presented. The toxicity
(level of concentration at which it becomes toxic) and toxic
effects of each metal are also given. Analytic methods
for detection of these elements are indicated.
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D-42 "Monitoring New York's Water Automatically," Maylath,
Ronald E., Journal of the American Water Works Association/
Vol. 63, p. 517 (August, 1971).~~
This article describes the automatic monitoring
system used throughout New York State. The surveillance
network provides information to consulting engineers,
industrial firms, and local, state and federal agencies.
The system consists of different "Building Blocks,"
including major monitoring stations, remote terminals,
and computer stations.
D-43 "TLC Finds Hexane Solubles," Atanus, Herbert, Water and
Wastes Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 10, p. 26 (October, 1974).
A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique is used
to help separate and identify hexane solubles at the
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Chicago. A description
of the technique and its advantages are given.
D-44 "Modern Monitoring of a Treated Industrial Effluent,"
Ostendorf, R. G. and J. F. Byrd, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 41, No. 1 p. 89
(January, 1969).
This article describes the monitoring system used
by the Charmin Paper Products Company to monitor their
waste treatment plant on the Susquehanna River. Para-
meters monitored automatically are total carbon, suspended
solids, and pH. A detailed description of the system
and its interlocks to the treatment plant are given.
D-45 "Rapid Instrumental Measurement of the Organic Load
in Wastewaters," Lysyj, I. et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 41, No. 5, p. 831,
(May, 1969).
A pyrographic approach to determine the total organic
carbon is presented in this article. The results of
experiments are then compared and correlated to BOD
values. These tests were run in Los Angeles.
7-38
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D-46 "Comparison Studies of Winkler vs. Oxygen Sensor,"
Reynolds, Jeremiah F., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 41, No. 12, p. 2002 (December,
1969).
This article discusses two techniques to accelerate
and simplify dissolved oxygen determinations compared to
the Winkler test method. Both methods use oxygen sensors.
D-47 "Evaluation of Instrumentation and Control," Babcock,
Russell H., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 44, No. 7, p. 1416 (July, 1972).
Methods to evaluate what automatic controls are
practical in sewage treatment plants are discussed.
The parameters discussed include control variables,
the need for records, the caliber of personnel
available, and the need for detection of alarm conditions.
The advantages and disadvantages of electrical and
pneumatic instrumentation are presented and compared.
D-48 "Analytical Determination of Metals Affecting Sewage
Treatment," Riehl, M. L. and E. G. Will, Proceedings of
the 4th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
(1948).
This paper describes the early work conducted to
develop analytic methods for the determination of metals,
such as copper, zinc, iron, chromium, nickel, cadmium,
and cyanide. The methods include colorimetric, volumetric
and gravimetric techniques.
D-49 "Monitoring Industrial Pollutants by Pyrolysis - Methane
Detection Method," Lysyj, I. et. al., Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 40, No. 5, Part 2,
p. R181, (May, 1968).
This article discusses the monitoring of methyl-
containing organic compounds, which occur in industrial
wastes, but not in natural pollutants. Natural organic
pollutants contain hydroxyl and amino groups. Therefore,
the procedure discussed in this paper (the use of pyrolysis-
methane detection methods) can determine whether an
industry has discharged to a particular stream or treat-
ment plant. The instruments include a gas chromatograph,
a hydrogen flame ionization detector, a microcombustion
furnace, and a recorder.
7-39
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D-50 "Instrumentation for Water Pollution Control," Jones,
Robert H., Pollution Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 6, p. 22
(November/December, 197l).
A brief summary of where controls and instrumenta-
tion can be used in a sewage treatment plant is indicated
in this article. Their specific use in a plating waste
treatment plant is also reported.
D-51 "A Rapid Method for the Estimation of Trace Amounts of
Kerosene in Effluents,"Lee, E. G. H. and C. C. Walden,
Water Research, Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 641 (1970).
This article discusses a method to determine the
concentration of hydrocarbons in water, in the range of
10-100 mg/1. The method involves separating and con-
centrating the hydrocarbons by adsorption on activated
carbon, followed by removing the hydrocarbons with
acetone and measuring the turbidity of the acetone.
D-52 "Analysis of Water for Molecular Hydrogen Cyanide",
Nelson, K. H. and I. Lysyj, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 43, No. 5, p. 799 (May, 1971).
The toxicity of cyanide and its relationship to the
presence of HCN and total cyanide is reported in this
article. The method presented for the measurement
of hydrogen cyanide combines vapor phase equilibration
(Gas chromatographic methods) with amperometric techniques.
The technique consists of sparging a small portion of
the undissociated HCN from the sample, trapping the HCN
in dilute base, and then measuring the sparged HCN with
a rotating gold anode.
D-53 "The Role of Automatic Sampling in Industrial Waste
Control," Beach, Martha I, and C. Fred Gurnham, Mid Atlantic
Industrial Waste Conference, No. 5 p. 225 (1971).
This paper reviews the advantages of industrial
self-monitoring and presents a handbook type approach
to the selection of the right type of sampling equipment.
D-54 "Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Facilitates Water
Analysis," Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 121, No. 1, p. 27
(January, 1974).
This article describes how spectrophotomic techniques
are used at the Ben Nesin Laboratory in New York State.
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D-55 "Determination of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage
Plant Sludges by Neutron.Activation Analysis,"
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 3, No. 3, p. 327
(September, 1974).
A discussion of the use of Neutron Activation
Analysis (NAA) to scan sewage sludges for trace metal
-content is presented. The meanings of the varia-
tions in metal concentrations are discussed
and the precision and potential of NAA is reported.
D-56 "The Determination of Heavy Metals in Domestic Sewage
Treatment Plant Wastes," Van Loon, J. C. et. al.,
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 473
(December, 1973).
Atomic absorption spectroscopy procedures are out-
lined for the determination of some heavy metals in
solids and liquids. Problems associated with sample
preparation and sample solution interferences are
described. Sewage treatment plant products (both liquid
and solid) are analyzed and the results are given for
samples representative of a wide range of sewage input
patterns.
D-57 "Rapid Determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
in Sewage," Blackmore, R. H. and Doris Voshel, Water
and Sewage Works, Vol. 114, No.10, p. 398 (October, 1967)
This article presents TOC data gathered at the
Grand Rapids, Michigan sewage treatment plant by the
use of the Leco Carbon analyzer connected to a Leco
Combustion Furnace. This data is compared to data for
BOD and COD on the same wastes.
D-58 "Statistical Evaluation of BOD verses GDI," Reynolds,
Jeremiah F. and Karl A. Goellner, Water and Sewage Works,
Vol. 121, No. 1, p. 31 (January, 1974).
This article describes the test procedure for the
determination of the oxygen demand index (ODI).
7-41
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D-59 "Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Techniques for Petrochemical
Wastewater Analysis," Sugar, William J. and Richard A.
Conway, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 40, No. 9, p. 1622 (September, 1968).
Laboratory techniques for efficiently selecting
gas-liquid Chromatographic (GLC) operating parameters
based on different problems are described.
Measurements can be made down to one mg/1. Emphasis
was placed on the selection of column liquid phases
for separation of a wide span of organic types, definition
of the utility of temperature programming, and improve-
ment of precision by use of an internal standard.
D-60 "Analysis of Municipal and Chemical Wastewaters by an
Instrumental Method for COD Determination," Stenger, V. A.
and C. E. Van Hall, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 40, No. 10 , p. 1755 (October, 1968).
This article reports the experience gained from a
new method of COD determination. This method uses a
vapor phase oxidation-reduction system and takes two
minutes to complete. Tests were run on the wastewater
at the sewage treatment plant at Midland, Michigan, and
at the Dow Chemical Co. in the same city. The test
results are reported.
D-61 "Differentiation of LAS and ABS in Water," Maeller,
Claude Z. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 10, Part 2, p. R92
(October, 1967).
A method of differentiating between ABS based
detergents (Low Biodegradeability) and LAS based deter-
gents (High Biodegradeability) can be achieved. This
method combines and modifies those developed by Fairing
and Short; and Frazee and Crisler. The method is
described in this article.
D-62 "An Automated Method for the Determination of Formaldehyde
in Sewage and Sewage Effluents," Musselwhite, C. C. and
K. W. Petts, Water Pollution Control, Vol. 73, No. 4,
p. 443 (1974)"::
This article presents a method to automatically
measure the concentration of formaldehyde. The method
utilizes a chemical reaction to produce a color which
can be measured colorimetrically. An automatic analyzer
is used as a necessary piece of equipment.
7-42
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D-63 "A Safe Solvent for Oil and Grease Analyses/1 Chanin,
G. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 39, No. 11, p. 1892 (November, 1967).
Procedures for determining oil and grease are
presented, consisting of using either Trichlorotrifluoro-
ethane or using the soxhlet extraction method for sludge,
instead of hexane which is called for in "standard methods,"
but which can be dangerous .in the laboratory.
D-64 "Comparative Studies of Dissolved Oxygen Analysis Methods,"
McKeown, J. J. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 8, p. 1323 (August, 1967).
This paper compares the Winkler Method to the
membrane electrode method of measuring dissolved oxygen.
The interferences present in the sample are also discussed.
D-65 "Detection of Trace Metals in Water," Kerber, Jack, D.,
Industrial Water Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 5, (September/
October, 1973).
A basic discussion on atomic absorption is presented.
It's operation and application to the measurement of
metals in water are discussed. Costs for equipment are
also given.
D-66 "The Determination of Stable Organic Compounds in Waste
Effluents at Microgram per Liter Levels by Automatic
High-Resolution Ion Exchange Chromatography," Katz, Sidney
et. al., Water Research, Vol. 6, No. 9, p. 1029 (September,
1972).
This article presents the results of a study using
high-resolution ion exchange chfomatography to measure
pollutants in sewage. A description of the equipment,
the field experiments, the results and conclusions are
presented.
7-43
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D-67 "Automated Fluorometric Method for Determination of
Boron in Waters, Detergents and Sewage Effluents,"
Afghan, Badar K., et. al., Water Research, Vol. 6,
No. 12, p. 1475 (1972).
This method of automatically measuring boron is based
on the reaction of 4 chloro-2-hydroxy-4methoxybenzophenone
(CHMB) with boron to produce fluorescent species in a 90%
sulfuric acid medium. Measurements are in the 5-100
microgram per liter range. The equipment, procedures,
and results of experiments are presented.
D-68 "Industry's Idea Clinic," various authors, Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 4,
p. 508 (April, 1965).
A discussion was held on industrial waste automatic
sampling among individuals at the Federation's 37th
Annual Conference. Members of industry presented their
experiences with different monitoring schemes including
operational problems and solutions.
D-69 "An Industrial Waste Sampling Program," Woodruff, Paul H.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 37, No. 9, p. 1223 (September, 1965).
This article discusses the waste sampling program
used by the Midland Division of the Dow Chemical Company.
The mechanics of setting up a sampling program, and the
sampling systems installed are both reported.
D-70 A Study of Methods used in Measurement and Analysis of
Sediment Loads in Streams-Report T,Progress Report,
Laboratory Investigation of Pumping-Sampler Intakes/
Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, Minneapolis,
Minnesota (April, 1966).
This document describes the development of a pump-
ing sampler intake structure that is dependable and draws
an accurate sample.
7-44
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D-71 A Study of Methods used in Measurement and Analysis of
Sediment Loads in Streams, Report" UyAn Investigation of
a Device for Measuring the Bulk Density of Water-Sediment
Mixtures, Beverage, J. P. and J. V. Skinner, Federal
Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota
(August, 1974).
This booklet describes a device which was developed
to test whether sediment concentration can be determined
by measuring the bulk density of the liquid. The device
is a special neutrally buoyant container. The displace-
ment of an indicator rod is measured after equilibrium
is reached. Results of the experiment are given and
discussed.
D-72 A Study of Methods used in Measurement and Analysis of
Sediment Loads in Streams, Catalog of Instruments and
Reports for Fluvial Sediment Investigations, Federal
Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, (June, 1974).
Suspended sediment samplers, bed material samplers,
pumping type bottling samplers, a hand size analyzer, and
a laboratory splitter, all developed by the Federal Inter-
Agency Sedimentation Project, are described, with pictures
and drawings.
D-73 "Orthophosphate Determinations Using Premeasured Reagents,"
Baskett, Russell C., Water and Sewage Works, January, 1973,
p. 47.
A simple,fast orthophosphate measurement can be made
by mixing 5 ml of sample with a premeasured polyethylene
powder pillow,and measuring the color 1 minute later on
a spectrophotometer (710 nyu) . The chemical is PhosVer III
(Hach Co.).
D-74 "Total Mercury Analysis: Review and Critique," Reimers,
Robert S. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation. Vol. 45, No. 5, p. 815 (May, 1973).
This article presents a detailed discussion on the
analysis for total mercury. Headings include techniques
for wet oxidation and complete combustion of mercury samples;
preconcentration of mercury, and analytical techniques includ-
ing gravametric methods, volumetric methods, polarography,
amperometric analysis, catalytic analysis, colorimetric
analysis, and atomic absorption.
7-45
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D-75 "Industrial Waste Treatment Plant Instrumentation,"Babcock,R.H.,
Water and Waste Engineering,Vol.5, No.9, p. 3 (Sept. 1968).
This paper briefly discusses how controls and
instrumentation can be used for pumping, cyanide destruc-
tion, chrome reduction, neutralization, and batch treatment.
D-76 Permit Program Guidance for Self-Monitoring and Reporting
Requirements, United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water Enforcement (October 1, 1973).
This document provides guidance to those interested
in setting up a self-monitoring program. It is directed
towards both industrial and municipal interests. The
report includes guidance on data management, report
schedules and many other areas.
D-77 "Automatic Samplers for Sewage and Effluents," Levin, V. H.
and A. Latten, Process Biochemistry, June, 1973, p. 15.
This paper reviews various samplers, by manufacturer,
and describes each one. The advantages and disadvantages
of each machine are presented.
D-78 "Automatic Samplers," Wood, L. B., and H. H. Stanbridge,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 67, p. 495 (19681) .
This article presents the results of a survey of
automatic samplers available in England. The survey
was conducted to help decide which samplers to use in
the Department of Public Health Engineering of the
Greater London Council. The article discusses general
features to examine in samplers, and describes various
samplers by manufacturer.
D-79 "Instrumentation in Water Pollution Control Analysis,"
Williamson, T. and A. S. Millar, Water Pollution
Control, Vol. 70, (1971).
The use of instrumentation to replace classical
"wet" methods to determine chemical analysis can be used
to reduce analysis time and increase reliability and
precision. This article discusses the auto analyzer ,
atomic-absorption spectrophotometer, and gas-liquid
chromatography in reference to the above factors.
7-46
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D-80 "In-Process Monitoring," Zabban, Walter, presented at
the EPA Technology Transfer Seminar on Monitoring
Industrial Wastewater, Arlington, Va., January 9, 1975.
This article presents the advantages of in process
monitoring of wastes by industry. The article also
discusses how process monitoring can be used to prevent
treatment plant upsets, features to look for in monitor-
ing equipment,and the use of monitoring to measure
various parameters.
D-81 Literature Survey of Instrumental Measurements of
Biochemical Oxygen Demand for Control Application>196Q-1973P
Environmental Monitoring Series, National Environmental
Research Center, Office of Research and Development,
U. S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, EPA-670/4-74-001
(February, 1974).
This report determines the state-of-the-art of
instrumental biochemical oxygen demand methods. A survey
of related literature published between 1960 and 1973
is used. An alternative solution is suggested for
monitoring secondary treatment plants, using differential
test values of a sample (e.g. Ł TOC, Ł TOD, or ^ COD).
D-82 Performance of the Union Carbide Dissolved Oxygen
Analyzer,Environmental Monitoring Series, Office of
tie sear en and Development, U. S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
45268, EPA 670/4-73-018 (July, 1973).
Union Carbide dissolved oxygen analyzer, model 1101,
was evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the
thallium electrode in the measurement of dissolved oxygen
(DO). Tests included stability, transient response,
linearity, and temperature compensation.
D-83 "The Work of the Dalmarnock Laboratory, Glasgow,"
Cunningham, M. F. et. al., Water Pollution Control,
Vol. 72, No. 4, p. 392 (1973~T
The monitoring and analysis activities of a sewage
works laboratory are described. Activities include the
use of gas liquid chromatography to identify oils,
lithium salt injection to determine flow measurements,
infra-red spectrophotometry to determine organic carbon
content, atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine
mercury, and gas and thin layer chromatography to determine
chlorinated organics.
7-47
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D-84 "The Determination of Phenolic Materials in Industrial
Wastes," Ettinger, M. B. and R. C. Kroner, Proceedings of
the 5th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University
p. 345 (1949).
This article reviews some methods and procedures that
can be used to determine phenolic materials in industrial
wastes. A detailed description is given of procedures
to screen out interfering materials. The use of bromine
demand and Gibbs techniques to determine phenol is also
presented.
D-85 "Solvents in Sewage and Industrial Waste Waters: Identifi-
cation and Determination," Ellison, W. K. and T. E. Wallbank,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 73, No. 6 p. 656,(1974).
The use of infra-red and ultra-violet spectroscopy
in conjunction with gas chromatography is assessed as a
detection and identification technique. Its application
to identifying traces of immiscible solvent residues in
samples of industrial waste waters, sewages and sludges
is presented.
D-86 " Cobalt Interference in the Non-Steady State Clean Water
Test," Kalinske, A. A. et. al., Water and Sewage Works,
Vol. 120, No. 7, p. 54, (July, 1973).
Laboratory tests evaluated the oxygenation capacity
of aeration equipment using the "non-steady state clean
water techniques." Deoxygenation of the aerator test
basin was accomplished by adding sodium sulfite and a
cobalt salt catalyst. Cobalt interference in the determin-
ation of dissolved oxygen by the Winkler Method was also
investigated.
D-87 "1975 Annual Review of the New Developments in Water
Quality Instrumentation," Cheremisinoff, Paul N. and
Richard Young, Pollution Engineering,March, 1975, p. 28.
This review reports the significant developments
made by instrument manufacturers during 1975, and mentions
some new products that may be useful to pollution engineers.
Included is a list of instrument manufacturers.
7-48
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D-88 "Thin Layer Chromatography as a Sorting Test for
Metals in Trade Effluent," Bailey, A. R.,Water Pollution
Control, Vol. 68, No. 4, p. 449, (1969).
Detailed information is presented on procedures to
identify and determine metal components in trade effluents.
Thin layer chromatography is the recommended method.
Results from the Purdy and Trut^r equation for determining
metal concentrations are compared to those obtained from
atomic absorption.
D-89 "Thin Layer and Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Parathion
and Methyl Parathion in the Presence of Chlorinated Hydro-
carbons," Kawahara, F. K. et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 446,
(March, 1967).
Methods to identify and measure chlorinated hydro-
carbons and thiophosphate pesticides in water are described.
The procedure used was employed to follow the course of
accidental contamination in a river by pesticides. A
discussion of sampling, extraction, analysis by thin layer
and gas chromatography, and infra-red spectrophotometry
are also included.
D-90 "Chloride Interference in Nitrate Nitrogen Determination,"
Malhotra, S. K., and A. E. Zanoni, Journal o-f the American
Water Works Association, Vol. 62, NCK9, p. 568,
(September, 1970) .
This paper presents graphs to quantitatively determine
the interference of chlorides in the Standard Methods
test for Nitrate Nitrogen.
D-91 "Automatic Sampling and Measurement of Small Liquid
Flows," Evans, M. R. and R. Edgar, Water Pollution Control,
Vol. 70, (1971).
This article describes a sampling machine which was
developed without using a peristaltic pump or a timing
clock. The article also describes the construction of a
low-cost flow recorder, which uses an overflow weir and
a float-operated pen.
7-49
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D-92 "Determination of Proteins in Waste Water," Woods,
Calvin, Process Industrial Waste Control, Vol. 49,
No. 4, p. 501 (July, 1965).
Different techniques for measuring proteins in
wastewater are presented. The advantages
and disadvantages of each technique are indicated. Some
of the methods described include kjeldahl organic nitrogen,
colorimetric determinations, the Eolin reaction, and the
Biuret reaction.
D-93 "Toxic Inorganic Materials and their Emergency Detection
by the Polarographic Method," Offner, Harry G. and Edward
F. Witucki, Journal of the American Water Works Association,
Vol. 60, No. 8, p. 947, (August, 1968).
The use of polarography utilizing the dropping
mercury electrode for rapid and easy antimony, arsenic,
cadmium, lead, mercury,selenium, tellurium and thallium
analysis is discussed. Discussions on these chemicals'
physiological and toxic properties are also given.
D-94 "Monitoring with Carbon Analyzers," Arin, M. Louis,
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 10,
p. 898 (October, 1974).
A comparison of different instruments available for
TOG determinations is presented. A brief discussion of
the correlation between TOG, BOD and COD is also
contained.
D-95 A Quick Biochemical Oxygen Demand Test, U. S. EPA,
Water Pollution Control Research Series, EPA No. 16050 EMF
(06171), 48 pp.
A study was conducted to develop a satisfactory,
short term biological oxygen demand test suitable for
operational control of waste treatment processes. The
test is a modification of the total biological oxygen
demand (T^OD) test. Laboratory experiments were conducted
to examine the test, and experimental results are presented.
D-96 "Mercury in Public Sewer Systems," Evans, Ralph L.f et al,
Water and Sewage Works, February, 1973, p. 74.
This article presents the results of a study of five
municipalities in central Illinois, which were found to
contain from 0.1 to 7.9 ppb of mercury in their sewage.
Analytical procedures and results are also presented.
7-50
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D-97 "Ion-Selective Electrodes for Quality Measurement and
Control," Babcock, R. H. Journal of the American Water
Works Association, January, 1975, p. 26.
The theory and practice of ion-selective electrodes
and their application to water quality measurement is
discussed. The limitations of their use in the field
is also considered.
D-98 "Detecting Pollutants with Chemical-Sensing Electrodes,"
Frant, Martin. S., Environmental Science and Technology,
Vol. 8, No. 3, p. 224, (March, 1974).
The advantages and disadvantages of chemical-sensing
electrodes for identifying toxic materials in wastewaters
are considered. Several applicable analytical methods,
detection limits, interferences and limitations are
discussed. A list of commercially available electrodes
and their area of application is provided.
D-99 "Variables to be Measured in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Monitoring and Control," Roesler, Joseph F. and Robert
H. Wise, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 46, No. 7, p. 1769, (July, 1974).
This article reviews methods of measuring those
variables which would optimize wastewater treatment
plant operation and control and minimize costs. The
discussion centers on four different groups: Substrate
variables, physical and chemical variables, suspended
solids variables, and biological activity variables.
D-100 "When you go into a Manhole or a Sewer, you should Under-
stand Sewer Gases," Nichols, Preston, R., Deeds, & Data,
p. 2 (January, 1975).
The sources and characteristics of typical sewer
gases are discussed. Eight different instances are
considered where gas generation may occur in sewerage
systems. Safety precautions for each instance is recommended.
D-101 "Monitoring and Treatment of Cyanide-Bearing Plating Wastes,"
Vought, John H., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 39, No. 12, p. 1971 (December, 1967).
The treatment and control of cyanide-bearing plating
wastes are aided by an instrument performing continuous
analysis and monitoring. The sampling and operation of
this analyzer is described in detail and operating experiences
are presented.
7-51
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D-102 "Instrument for Monitoring Trace Organic Compounds
In Water," H. C. Bramer et. al., Water & Sewage•
Works, Vol. 113, No. 8, p. 275 (August, 1966).
An ultra-violet spectrophotometer was developed
to measure trace organic compounds in water. It has
been demonstrated in qualitative and quantitative work
on water bodies and waste effluents. These demonstrations
are described in this article.
D-103 "How to Measure Industrial Wastewater Flow," Thorsen,
Thor and Rolf Oen, Chemical Engineering, Vol. 82, No. 4,
p. 95 (February 17, 1975).
Techniques for qualitative and quantitative waste-
water analysis are discussed. Included is a table of
methods for effluent analysis, their costs and reliabilities.
Flow calculations and operating principals of weirs and
flumes are also discussed.
D-104 "Determination of Cyanide in Industrial Effluents," Hewitt,
P. J. and H. B. Austin, Water Pollution Control, Vol. 71,
No. 4, p. 381 (1972).
This article reports on the development of a method
to separate "free cyanide" from various complex cyanides.
The effect of interfering substances on the rate of recovery
of free cyanide is also assessed.
D-105 "Automated Analysis: The Determination of Ammoniacal,
Nitrous and Nitric Nitrogen in River Waters, Sewage
Effluents and Trade Effluents," Chapman, B. et. al.,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 66, No. 2, p. 185 (1967).
The Technicon auto analyzer is evaluated for ammoniacial,
nitrous and nitric nitrogen determinations in river and
waste waters. The results are compared with standard
analytical methods and presented in tabular form.
D-106 "Sampling and Monitoring Feature," Water and Waste Treatment,
Vol. 16, No. 10, p. 11 (October, 1973).
This report includes a review of current water and
wastewater sampling and monitoring equipment. The applications,
limitations, manufacturer and description of each
instrument is presented.
7-52
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D-107 "Comparison of Air and Water Pollution Instrumentation,"
Rittmiller, Lawrence A. et. al., Pollution Engineering,
Vol. 3, No. 6, p. 26 (November-December, 1971).
Sampling and analysis equipment for measuring air
and water pollutants are discussed. Tables are included
which provide information on instrument characteristics.
D-108 Simultaneous and Automated Determination of Total Phosphorus
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Gales, Morris E., Jr., and
Robert Booth, U.S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 232 710,p.19,(May,1974).
This study evaluates automated methods for the deter-
mination of total phosphorus and total kjeldahl nitrogen.
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the detection
limits, precision and accuracy of three detection methods
(Single Reagent Method for total phosphorus, Selenium Method
for nitrogen, and Vanadium Method for nitrogen and
phosphorus) in surface waters and wastewaters.
D-109 Instrumentation for Water Quality Determination, Mentink,
ASCE, Water Resources Engineering Conference, March 8-12,
1965, 43 pp.
This pamphlet reviews the operation and theory of
instrumentation that is used to measure basic water quality
parameters. Several integrated water quality instrumenta-
tion systems are discussed. Included are illustrations
of instrumentation and their circuits.
D-110 Automated Water Monitoring Instrument for Phosphorus
Contents, Prager, Manfred, U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 222 772,
June, 1973, 26 pp.
The development of a prototype automated water monitor
for trace quantities of phosphorus compounds is reported.
The method uses hydrogen flame emission spectroscopy.
Operating parameters described include fuel and air flow
rates, burner configuration, operating temperature and
methods of sample aerosolization.
7-53
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D-lll NPDES Permits and Water Analysis, Pojasek, Robert B.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 4, p. 320,
(April 1975)
This paper reviews the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) procedure that is required for
all individuals who discharge pollutants into a waterway
from a point source. To receive a permit, the applicant
must summarize his wastewater characteristics according to
federally approved methods of sampling and analysis.
Included is a table that compares analytical methods
for determining water pollutants under the permit program.
D-112 "Complying with Discharge Regulations," Schafer, Carl J.
and N. Lailas, Environmental Science and '"technology,
Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 903, (October, 1974).
Spokesmen of the federal Environmental Protection
Agency report how industries and municipalities must
monitor their wastewaters, and what help is available
to meet the task of achieving compliance.
D-113 Wastewater Sampling Methodologies and Flow Measurement
Techniques, Harris, Daniel J. and W. J. Keffer
U. S. EPA No. 907/9-74-005,June, 1974, 117 pp.
This report consolidates and summarizes the activities,
experience, sampling methods, and field measurement
techniques of the Field Investigations Section of the EPA.
Sources of error and data variability are also included.
D-114 Quantitative Methods for Preliminary Design of Water
Quality Surveillance Systems, U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 219/010,
November, 1972 , 226 pp.
Quantitative methods for the preliminary design of
water quality surveillance systems are developed and
demonstrated in this report. The quantitative methods
are organized into a User Handbook. The methods were
illustrated on the Wabash River Basin and the results
were satisfactory.
7-54
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D"115 Estimation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Presence
ot DDT-Type Compounds, U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 233 599,
1974, 90 pp.
Research to develop a simple, rapid method for determining
PCB, and DDT in water is reported. The emphasis in the
experiments is on the sensitivity and specificity of
luminescence. Studies include the determination of recoveries
and detection sensitivities for compounds of interest.
An analysis of several environmental waters is also reported.
D-116 Analysis for Mercury in Water, A Preliminary Study of
Methods, U. S. EPA No. R4-72-003, September, 1972, 58 pp.
A study to develop analytical methods to determine
mercury (organic and inorganic) in water is reported.
A comparison of various methods in both -distilled and
surface waters was made.
D-117 Test Procedure and Standards - ABS and LAS Biodegradability,
The Soap and Detergent Association Scientific and Technical
Ą
id
Report No. 3, January, 1966, 16 pp.
A procedure to determine the biodegradability of
ABS and LAS surfactants is described. Results of two
biodegradability test methods, the shake flask and the
semicontinuous activated sludge, are presented.
D-118 Field Tests of LAS Biodegradability, The Soap and Detergent
Association,Scientific and Technical Report No. 2,
September, 1965, 36 pp.
Field studies were undertaken to evaluate the
biodegradability of LAS in extended aeration activated
sludge plants under normal operating conditions. The
results of four different field tests are presented.
D-119 "A New Automatic Sampler for Industrial Outfall, Streams
and Sewers," Brailsford, H. D., Water and Sewage Works,
September, 1968.
The operation of a timer-controlled intermittent
pump type sampler is described in this article. A schematic
diagram of its circuit is also presented.
7-55
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D-120 Fluorescent Probes in the Detection of Insecticides
in Water, U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 221 336, April, 1973,
41 pp.
Laboratory research has been conducted to synthesize
one or more fluorescent probe molecules which would be
useful in the analytical methodology for insectide deter-
minations in water. Development of experimental parameters
for design and synthesis of optimum probe molecules is
reported in this booklet.
D-121 Environmental Applications of Advanced Instrumental
Analyses; Assistance Projects, FY 69-71, U. S. EPA,
May, 1973, 82 pp.
A multitude of analyses involving the identification
and measurements of organic pollutants in water are dis-
cussed under eleven project categories involving a pollu-
tion incident. In most cases these analyses have helped
to solve, or at least understand more clearly the related
pollution incident. In some cases the analyses provided
evidence for enforcement of regulatory legislation.
D-122 Current Practice in GC-MS Analysis of Organics in Water,
U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 224 947, August, 1973, 91 pp.
Experiences during five years of evaluating the
application of gas chromatography mass spectrometry to
wastewater analysis is reported. Procedures are described
to analyze for organic water pollutants, including sample
collection, handling, preparation, analysis, interpretation
of the results, and confirmatory techniques. Case histories
illustrating the techniques are also included.
D-123 "Instrumentation in Pollution Control," Snowden, F.C.,
Industrial Water Engineering, Vol. 7,No. 6, p.22,(June,1970),
Sensors and analyzers for various water quality
determinations are discussed, including pH, conductivity,
dissolved oxygen, and temperature meters. Techniques
for measuring process wastes are also discussed. Con-
sidered are: plating wastes, acid-base neutralization,
activated sludge and flocculation control. Instrumentation
for measuring air pollutants is also considered.
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D-124 Sampling of Wastewater, Shelly, Philip E., U. S. EPA,
Technology Transfer, Washington, D. C. 20460,
June, 1974, 115 pp.
This handbook summarizes wastewater sampling
techniques and equipment. It includes a list of
sampler manufacturers, and detailed descriptions of
some commercially available equipment.
D-125 Industrial Wastewater Discharges, Compiled and edited by
Bureau of Water and Wastewater Utilities Management,
Division of Pure Waters, June, 1969, Albany, N. Y.
available from the Health Education Service, P. O. Box
7283, Albany, N. Y. 12224, 56 pp.
This guide is a compilation of policy, procedural
and technical suggestions for measuring and reporting
industrial wastewater characteristics. Part 1 describes
the design of a testing and measurement program and
Part 2 describes administrative aspects.
D-126 Organic Pollutant Identification Utilizing Mass
Spectrometry, U. S. EPA, NTIS No. PB 224 544, July, 1973.
A system for the rapid identification of volatile
organic water pollutants has been developed. It involves
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with computerized
matching of mass spectra. Examples are presented to
illustrate the use of GC/MS for specific identifications.
D-127 Pyrographic Gross Characterization of Water Contaminants,
U. S. EPA, No. EPA R2-73-227, May, 1973, 94 pp.
A method has been developed for direct analysis
of organic materials in aqueous solutions. The method
is based on thermal fragmentation followed by gas chroma-
tographic separation and detection of the resulting deriva-
tive composition. The results of a field study are
reported, and include: a definition of area of potential
application of this technique, development of reliable
analytical procedures, and development of an efficient
data handling system.
7-57
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D-128 Detection and Characterization of Animal/Vegetable
and Petroleum Oil in Municipal Wastewater by Thin
Layer Chromotography; C. D. Cramer, Nader Chemical
Co.; Oak Brook, Illinois.
An evaluation is made of the thin layer chroma-
tographic procedure for the separation and quanti-
fication of animal/vegetable and petroleum oil in
municipal wastewaters.
D-129 Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for the Determina-
tion of Petroleum on Mineral Hydrocarbons and Other
Natural or Synthetic Oils and Greases; Lee Henry,
Mogul Corporation; Chagrin Falls, Ohio.
The report is an appraisal of an analytical
method for the determination of saturated hydrocarbons,
triglycerides, and fatty acids in municipal waste-
waters.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles:
A-7 E-38
A-15
A-19
A-24
A-25
A-27
A-28
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SECTION E - POLLUTANTS WHICH INTERFERE WITH
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS
Reference: Volume I, Section E
Volume II, Appendix 5
E-l "Copper and Anaerobic Sludge Digestion", McDermott, G.N.,
et.al., Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 35, No. 5, p. 655 (May, 1963).
The digestion of sludges obtained from sewage to
which copper in known concentrations was fed continuously
was observed in pilot plant studies. Digester perform-
ance was measured by gas production. Studies of the effect
of slug doses were also made.
E-2 "Effects of Copper and Lead Bearing Wastes on the Puri-
fication of Sewage", Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 93,
No. 1, p. 30 (January, 1946) .
A procedure to examine the effects of small concen-
trations of metal ions on the metabolism of sewage is
reported. The metal ion effects on nitrification are also
discussed.
E-3 "Toxicity, Synergism, and Antagonism in Anaerobic Waste
Treatment Processes", Kugelman, I.J. and K. K. Chin,
Advanced Chemistry, Series 105, Vol. 55, p. 55 (1971)
This report reviews the literature on toxicity,
synergism and antagonism in anaerobic digesters. Ex-
perimental inadequacies on much published data are
pointed out, and methods of minimizing toxic effects of
metals and certain organics are indicated. The paper
also attempts to categorize quantitatively toxicity and
stimulation, on an absolute basis.
E-4 "Summary Report on the Effects of Heavy Metals on the
Biological Treatment Processes", Barth, E. F., et.al.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37,
No. 1, p. 86 (January, 1965) . ~~~~
The effects of copper, chromium, nickel and zinc,
individually and in combination on biological treatment
processes were studied in pilot plant tests. No-effect
doses were determined for the aeration and anaerobic diges-
tion phases. Distribution of metals through the activated
sludge process and the concentration in the final effluent
were also indicated.
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E-5 "Review of Literature on Toxic Materials Affecting Sewage
Treatment Processes, Streams, and BOD Determinations",
Rudolfs W., et. al., Sewage and Industrial Wastes,
Vol. 22, No. 9, p. 1157 (September, 1950).
The review of the literature is divided into three
parts* The first part comprises the effect of toxic
materials (both organic and inorganic) on sewage treat-
ment processes (both aerobic and anaerobic). It includes
a review of the effects of various industrial wastes.
The second part reviews the literature that pertains to
the physical, chemical, and biological effects of pollutants
on streams. The third part reviews the literature on the
use of the BOD test as a tool for the detection of in-
hibitory substances on the oxidation of sewage. Also
included is a table listing concentrations of wastes and
compounds which inhibit or retard various treatment pro-
cesses , and flora and fauna.
E-6 "Zinc in Relation to Activated Sludge and Anaerobic Di-
gestion Processes", McDermott, Gerald N., et.al., Proceed-
ings of the 17th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue
University, p. 461 (1962).
The efficiency of treatment of sewage containing
zinc was studied by operation of pilot activated sludge
plants. The objectives of the research were to determine
the level of zinc that can be tolerated without reducing
treatment plant efficiency, and to determine the efficiency
of the process in removing zinc.
E-7 "The Effects of Industrial Wastes on Sewage Treatment",
Masselli, Joseph W., et.al., Report prepared by New England
Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, June, 1965.
The effect of industrial wastes on sewage treatment
has been reviewed, and methods which may alleviate their
effect have been described. Analytical data on metallic
content of Connecticut sewages have been recorded and re-
habilitation of metal-sick digesters by use of sulfide
and sulfate is described.
E-8 Environmental Effect of Photoprocessing Chemicals, Vol. 1,
Report by the National Association" of Photographic Manu-
facturers , Inc., 600 Mamaroneck Ave., Harrison, N.Y. 10528
(1974)
The effects of photographic chemicals on conventional
treatment systems and on aquatic organisms are examined.
Included are results and discussion of wastewater analysis
and the development of a model to predict downstream response
to photoprocessing effluent.
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E-9 Environmental Effect of Photoprocessing Chemicals, Vol. II,
Report by the National Association of Photographic Manu-
facturers, Inc,, 600 Mamaroneck Avenue, Harrison, N.Y.
10528, 1974, 324 pp.
This volume contains a detailed compilation of all
the experimental procedures, results, and data analysis,
and provides data to support the statements and conclusions
of Vol. I (See Reference E-8).
E-10 Fate of Benzidine in the Aquatic Environment; A Scoping
Study, U. S. EPA Contract | 68-01-2226, January, 1974.
To determine the fate of benzidine in the aquatic
environment, the stability of the aqueous phase of
benzidine in biologically active systems was studied in
the laboratory. Long term BOD and respirometer studies
were used to measure the removal or continued presence
of aqueous benzidine.
E-ll "Anaerobic Processes - Literature Review", Ghosh, S.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 44, No. 6, p. 948 (June 1972).
Review of the 1971 literature revealed that a greater
emphasis was placed by researchers on evaluating the effects
of various inhibitory chemicals on the performance of
anaerobic digesters. Also, considerable effort was directed
toward evaluating the fate of precipitated, insoluble
phosphates added to digesters, along with primary and/or
secondary sludge.
E-12 "Effects of Chromium On the Activated Sludge Process",
Moore, W. Allan, et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 33, No. 1, p. 54 (January 1961).
Also published in the Proceedings of the 15th Industrial
Waste Conference (1960) , Purdue University, p. 158.
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine the
extent to which sewage processes can tolerate chromium
wastes. Removal efficiencies (BOD and chromium) and the
distribution and concentrations of chromium in various
treatment units were examined. Digester effects and sludge
settleability were also studied.
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E-13 "Pilot Plant Experiments on the Effects of Some Constitu-
ents of Industrial Waste Waters on Sewage Treatment",
Wheatland, A.B., et.al., Water Pollution Control/ Vol. 70,
p. 626 (1971).
Pilot studies to assess the effects of copper, nickel,
zinc and chromium on activated sludge performance are out-
lined with a view towards developing a realistic assess-
ment of user costs based on treatability.
E-14 "Nickel in Relation to Activated Sludge and Anaerobic
Digestion Processes", McDermott, G.N., et.al., Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 2,
p. 163 (February 1965).
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine the
level of nickel in waste waters that can be tolerated by
aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment processes.
The studies included the determination of the efficiency
of the processes in removing nickel.
E-15 "Limits for Toxic Wastes in Sewage Treatment", Coburn,
Stuart, Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3, p. 522 (1949)
This paper reviews some of the deleterious effects of
industrial wastes on municipal treatment systems. The
question of pretreatment standards is also discussed.
E-16 Controlling the Effects of Industrial Wastes on Sewage
Treatment. Masselli, et.al., Technical Report prepared
for the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission by Wesleyan University, June 1970, 62 pp.
Factors involved in the joint treatment of industrial
and domestic wastewaters are discussed. A discussion on
the composition of domestic and industrial wastes, the
functions of a treatment plant, the effects and control
of industrial wastes, and a monitoring and analysis
program are included. Major industrial processes are
reviewed and their wastewaters described. Recommendations
are made for a control program which maximizes treatment
and minimizes deleterious effects on treatment systems.
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E-17 "Anaerobic Processes", Pohland, F.G. and S. J. Kang,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 43,
No. 6, p. 1129 (June 1971).
This article reviews the 1970 literature on the
microbiology and mechanisms involved in anaerobic pro-
cesses, and on the factors inhibiting these processes.
E-18 "Mercury in Anaerobic Sludge Digestion", Lingle, James W.
and Edward R. Hermann, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 47, No. 3, p. 466 (March 1975).
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine whether
mercuric chloride in various concentrations are converted
into methyl mercury in the anaerobic sludge digestion
process. The distribution of mercury within the digester
was also determined.
E-19 "White Water Treatment", Rudolfs, William and H. R. Amberg,
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 24, No. 10, p. 1278
(October 1952).
Laboratory studies determined the effect of various
concentrations of soluble sulfide upon the anaerobic
digestion process. White water and sodium acetate were
used as substrate in these studies.
E-20 "Digestion Fundamentals Applied to Digester Recovery -
Two Case Studies", Dague, Richard R., et. al., Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 9,
p. 1666 (September 1970).
The authors attempted to interpret the theory of
anaerobic digestion as applied to digester operation.
They report the experiences encountered in solving the
problems of two anaerobic digester upsets.
E-21 "The Effects of Heavy Metals and Toxic Organics on Activated
Sludge", Goss, Thomas A., Masters Thesis. University of
Pittsburgh (1969).
Manometric techniques were used to determine the rela-
tive respiration rates of nonacclimated activated sludge
to various heavy metals and organics. Threshold limits of
sludge to these components were determined.
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E-22 "Effect of High Sodium Chloride Concentration on Trickling
Filter Slimes", Lawton, Gerald W, and Clarence Eggert,
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 29, No. 11, p. 1228
(November 1957) .
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine whether
trickling filter slimes can satisfactorily stabilize organic
matter in saline wastes. The effect of these wastes on
growths already developed was investigated. Both acclimated
and non-acclimated slimes were examined.
E-23 Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants,
Beychok, M.R, , John Wiley & Sons, N. Y., 1967.
Pollutants found in petroleum and petrochemical waste-
waters and their environmental effects are discussed.
Effluent quality standards from several governmental
authorities are included.
E-24 "Effects of Copper on Aerobic Biological Sewage Treatment",
McDermott, Gerald N., et.al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 35, No. 2, p. 227 (February 1963).
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine the
effects of copper on biological treatment systems. BOD
removal efficiencies were determined under steady feed and
slug doses of copper feed. No-effect concentrations are
given.
E-25 "Field Survey of Four Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Receiving Metallic Wastes", Earth, E.F., et.al., Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 8,
p~I1101 (August 1965) . ~~
Four municipal wastewater treatment plants that
receive metallic wastes were sampled for treatment effici-
ency. Metal distribution among the individual treatment units
was determined. Concentration levels that cause no reduc-
tion in treatment plant efficiency are also given.
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E"26 Treatability of Oil and Grease Discharged to Publicly
Ownea Treatment Works, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA No. 440/575/066, Pretreatment Requirements
for Oil and Grease, April, 1975.
This document discusses the available methods for
the removal of oil and grease from waste streams. Other
items discussed include the method of analysis and
currently acceptable concentrations for oil and grease.
E-27 Toxic Materials Analysis of Street Surface Contaminants/
Office of Research and Development, U. S. EPA Report
#R2-73-233, August 1973.
Metal loading from road surface runoff is tabulated
and compared to normal sanitary sewage flow. The relation-
ship between metals in runoff and metals in sewage treat-
ment plant effluent is made, to evaluate the effect on
receiving waters. The effect that collecting runoff in
a combined system will have on biological systems is
explored. A table summarizes metal concentrations neces-
sary to cause reduction in biological treatment systems.
E-28 "Annual Report - Control of Toxic and Hazardous Material
Spills in Municipalities", Brinsko, G.A., Allegheny County
Sanitary Authority., November 4, 1974.
This demonstration project, partially funded by the
EPA, involves developing a comprehensive program for the
management and control of hazardous materials in the
Allegheny County Sanitary Authority municipal wastewater
treatment and collection system. The program will include
the development of an early warning system with appropriate
monitoring and surveillance equipment to permit the plant
to respond operationally to shock loadings of contaminants.
The demonstration grant is composed of seven specific tasks
which include:
1. Literature and Source Review
2. Inventory
3. Pilot Plant Evaluation
4. Monitoring and Surveillance Systems
5. Contingency Plan
6. Operational Modifications to the ALCOSAN Plant
7. Surcharge, Financing and Legislation
This summary deals with work accomplished during the first
year of this two-year project.
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E-29 A Handbook on the Effects of Toxic and Hazardous Materials
On Secondary Biological Treatment Processes, A Literature
Review, Environmental Quality Systems, Inc., Rockville,
Maryland, prepared for the Allegheny County Sanitary
Authority and the EPA, Sept. 1973, unpublished.
A major goal of this work, was to provide background
information relating to the effects of toxic and hazardous
materials on the performance of biological treatment pro-
cesses. In addition, background information was collected
on the effects of biological processes on toxic materials.
The information is presented in four sections: an intro-
duction, the matrix of toxic and hazardous material infor-
mation, the list of references used to generate the tabular
matrix, and a supplementary list of chemicals.
E-30 "Effects of Alum Addition on Activated Sludge Biota",
Anderson, Douglas T. and Mark J. Hammer, Water and Sewage
Works, Vol. 120, No. 1, p. 63 (Jan. 1973)
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) addition to the activated
sludge process. The influence of alum on higher life forms
and on BOD removals were examined. A comparison was made
between effects on domestic and synthetic (glucose-glutamic
acid substrate) wastewater.
E-31 "Literature Review", Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 6, p. 1034(June, 1974).
A review of the preceding year's literature is
presented, including:
1. Treatment technology for major industrial effluents
including paper, dairy, chemicals, petroleum,
plating, meat, fish, poultry, and fermentation(phar-
maceuticals, corn, sugar) industries.
2. Sampling and analysis techniques for continuous
monitoring, organic and inorganic chemicals.
3. Physical-chemical waste treatment methods.
4. Microbiology and mechanisms of anerobic processes.
5. Sources, fate, effects of metals and other trace
elements.
6. The identification, interactions, inhibitions of
waste treatment microbiota.
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E-32 "Activated Sludge Studies with Phenol Bacteria", Radhakrishnan,
I., and A. K. Sinha Ray, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation. Vol. 46, No. 10, p. 2393 (Oct. 1974).
A series of laboratory studies were conducted to
determine the concentrations of phenol that can be metabolized
by Bacillus cereus bacteria. Also studied were nitrogen-
deficient conditions, temperature variations, and the
results of contaminating the culture with wastewater.
E-33 "Biological Treatability of Trinitrotoluene Manufacturing
Wastewater", Nay, Marshall W. Jr., et.al., Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 3,
p. 485 (March, 1971)
Laboratory studies were conducted to define the amen-
ability of neutralized wastewater from the counter-current,
continuous flow trinitrotoluene (TNT) manufacturing process
to biodegradation. The feasibility of using biological
processes for treatment of the wastewater was also evaluated.
E-34 "Toxicity of Copper to Activated Sludge," Ayers, K. C.
et. al., Proceedings of the 20th Industrial Waste
Conference (1965)Purdue University.
This article summarizes studies carried out at
Ohio State University in which attempts were made to
investigate the actual mechanism causing partial failure
of the activated sludge process due to shock loadings of
copper. A description of the pilot plant and the results
of the experiments are presented. The work of previous
investigations is also discussed.
E-35 "The Effects of Sulfides on Anaerobic Treatment", Lawrence,
Alonzo W., et.al., Proceedings of 19th Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University (1964), p. 343.
The effects of soluble and insoluble sulfides on anaero-
bic treatment were investigated by the operation of a series
of laboratory digesters receiving daily sulfide additions.
Experimental results were discussed with respect to toxic
concentrations of soluble sulfides. Possible methods for
controlling and eliminating sulfide toxicity were also
indicated.
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E-36 "Slug of Chromic Acid passes Through a Municipal Treatment
Plant", English, J. N., et.al., Proceedings of 19th Indus-
trial Waste Conference (1964) , Purdue University, p. 493.
A field study was undertaken to determine the effects
of passage of a chromic acid slug on the efficiency of a
municipal sewage treatment plant. In addition to the levels
of chromium in the plant processes attributable to the
chromic acid slug, background data on the concentrations of
chromium, copper, zinc and nickel are also presented.
E-37 "Cation Toxicity and Stimulation in Anaerobic Waste Treat-
ment II. Daily Feed Studies", Kugelman, Irwin J. and p. L.
McCarty, Proceedings of 19th Industrial Waste Conference
(1964),Purdue University, p.667. Also presented in the
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37,
p. 97 (1965).
Laboratory studies to investigate cation effects under
daily feed conditions on anaerobic waste treatment systems
are reported. These studies provide the sanitary engineer
with data which can be used to design waste treatment sys-
tems. Cation concentrations are examined singly and in com-
bination to determine synergistic and antagonistic effects.
E-38 "Determination of Biodegradability Using Warburg Itespirometric
Techniques", Hunter, J. V. and H. Heukelekian, Proceedings
gf the 19th Industrial Waste Conference (1964) , Purdue
University, p. 616.
.Laboratory studies are reported which examine the
Warburg Respirometer as a biodegradability technique. Its
applications, procedures for use, interpretations, and the
advantages and disadvantages inherent in its use are also
presented.
E-39 "The Role of Iron in Anaerobic Digestion", Pfeffer, John T,
and James E, White, Proceedings of the 19th Industrial Waste
Conference, (1964) Purdue University, p. 887.
Laboratory studies are reported examining the relation-
ship between iron loading and digester efficiency. The role
of iron in reducing soluble phosphate concentrations by
precipitation is studied, and the relationship between soluble
phosphate concentration and digester efficiency is examined.
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E-40 "Substrate Interaction during Shock Loadings to Biological
Treatment Processes", Komolrit, K. and A. F. Gaudy, Jr.,
Proceedings of the 19th Industrial Waste Conference, (1964)
Purdue University, p. 796. Also presented in the Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 38, No. 8,
p. 1259 (August,
Laboratory studies were conducted under severe shock
loading conditions to examine substrate dependence of sequen-
tial substrate removal phenomena. A metabolic flow chart
for various carbohydrates and related sugar alcohols shows
the metabolic pathways.
E-41 "Effect of High Concentrations of Individual Volatile Acids
on Anaerobic Treatment, McCarty, Perry L. and Marc Brosseau,
Proceedings of the 18th Industrial Waste Conference (1963),
Purdue University, p. 283.
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the
effects of high concentrations of volatile acids individually
and in combination on the digestion of sewage sludge. The
purpose was to determine whether volatile acid buildup is
the cause or effect of digester upset.
E-42 "A Procedure for Continuous Nitrification Corrections
During Warburg Respirometer Studies", Symons, James, and
Roger LaBonte, Proceedings of the 18th Industrial Waste
Conference (1963), Purdue University, p.498.
Background and a discussion of oxygen uptake due to
nitrification during Warburg Respirometer biodegradation
studies is reported in this article. The paper includes a
discussion on possible solutions, theoretical considerations
and correction possibilities in order to deal with the nitri-
fication problem.
E-43 "The Physical and Biological Effects of Copper on Aerobic
Biological Waste Treatment Processes", Moulton, Edward Q. ,
and Kenesaw S. Shumate, Proceedings of the 18th Industrial
Waste Conference (1963) , Purdue University, p.
Laboratory studies were conducted to explain the effects
of copper toxicity on aerobic biological treatment systems.
The effects of copper dosage on BOD and COD are examined.
An explanation of the path and fate of copper ions is
proposed.
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E-44 "Effect of Boron on Aerobic Biological Waste Treatment",
Banerji, Shankha K, , et.al., Proceedings of the 23rd
Industrial Waste Conference (1968), Purdue University, p. 956
Laboratory studies are reported on the effects of
boron on an activated sludge system. The effects of dif-
ferent concentrations of boric acid on the growth and on
the substrate removal rate of acclimated activated sludge
is indicated. Settling characteristics of the sludge are
examined and a literature review of the effects of boron
on treatment processes and on aquatic life is included.
E-45 "Development of Biological Treatment Data for Chemical
Wastes", Ford, Davis L., et.al., Proceedings of the 22nd
Industrial Waste Conference (1967), Purdue University,
p. 292.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to develop
design criteria for chemical wastes. The feasibility of
treating industrial wastewaters on a laboratory scale
is examined.
E-46 "Carbon as a Parameter in Bacterial Systems Growth Limi-
tation and Substrate Utilization Studies", Rickard, M.D.
and W. H. Riley, Proceedings of the 20th Industrial Waste
Conference (1965) , Purdue University, p. 98.
The utility of carbon analysis to trace the metabolism
of organic compounds is surveyed. The relationships obtained
among cellular carbon, exogenous soluble carbon and viable
count during bacterial growth are examined with the rates
of synthesis of cellular material.
E-47 "Effect of Acrylonitrile on Anaerobic Digestion of Domestic
Sludge", Lank, John C. Jr., and Alfred T. Wallace, Pro-
ceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste Conference (1970) ,
Purdue University, p, 518. ~~
Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effects
of acrylonitrile on anaerobic digestion. Included is a
literature survey on the effects of acrylonitrile on aquatic
life and aerobic biological treatment.
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E-48 "Trace Metals and Filamentous Microorganism Growth",
Pfeffer, John T., et.al., groceedings of the 20th Indus~
trial Waste Conference (1965) , Purdue University, p. 608,
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the trace metal requirements that are necessary for bac-
terial and fungal growth.
E-49 "Some Effects of High Salt Concentrations on Activated
Sludge", Kincannon, D.F. and A. F. Gaudy, Jr., Proceed-
ings of the 20th Industrial Waste Conference (1965),
Purdue University, p. 316.Also presented in the Journal
of th*> Water Pollution Control Ffid«ration, Vol. 38,
No. 7, p. 1148 (July 1966).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the effects of shock loadings of high salt concentrations
on sludges developed in waters with low salt content. Con-
versely, the effects of fresh water on sludges developed
in a salt water medium were also examined. Settling
characteristics, removal efficiencies and cellular compon-
ents were indicated.
E-50 "The Effect of Surface Active Agents on Substrate Utiliza-
tion in an Experimental Activated Sludge System", McClelland,
Nina I. and K. H. Mancy, Proceedings of the 24th Industrial
Waste Conference (1969) p. 1361.
Laboratory studies to determine the effect of ABS
(alkylbenzene sulfonate) and LAS (linear alkylate sulfon-
ate) on the performance of an activated sludge system are
reported. The mechanism of interference with activated
sludge systems of compounds with surface active character-
istics is also presented.
E-51 "Combined Treatment of Chemical Wastes and Domestic Sewage
in Germany", Bischofsberger, Wolfgang, Proceedings of the
24th Industrial Waste Conference (1969), Purdue University,
p. 920.
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine whether
chemical wastes needed to be treated separately or could
be combined with domestic sewage. Basic criteria for plant
design were developed for a combined activated sludge
system.
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E-52 "Factors Responsible for Non-Biodegradability of Indus-
trial Wastes," Irvine, Robert L. Jr. and A. Busch,
Proceedings of the 24th Industrial Waste Conference
(1969), Purdue University, p. 903.
This paper discusses some basic concepts in bio-
chemistry that can be used to understand the true mean-
ing of biodegradability- The article indicates how these
concepts may be used to develop new treatment practices.
It points out that some materials that are termed "non-
biodegradable" may be degradable under a different set
of conditions.
E-53 "Composition Studies of Activated Sludges," Burkhead,
Carl E. and Samuel Waddell, Proceedings of the 24th
Industrial Waste Conference (1969), Purdue University,
p. 576.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
change in chemical composition of activated sludges
grown in batch fed units with various pure organic sub-
strates. Energy-synthesis data were also collected to
more completely define the chemical changes taking place
throughout all phases of the growth cycle.
E-54 "Sludge Activity Parameters and Their Application to
Toxicity Measurements and Activated Sludge," Patterson,
James W. et al., Proceedings of the 24th Industrial
Waste Conference (1969), Purdue University, p.127.
This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages
of standard treatment unit monitoring methods. Other
specific biochemical parameters and their applicability
to activated sludge systems under toxic stress are dis-
cussed. A procedure for ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
analysis for use as a quantitative measurement of
microbial biomass and activity is also included.
E-55 "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Emerging Implications in
Regional Planning," Shea, Timothy and Williams Gates,
Proceedings of the 24th Industrial Waste Conference
{1969), Purdue University, P. 1448.
A study was conducted to develop estimates of
chlorinated hydrocarbon emissions in municipal and
industrial wastewaters and in water and sediments in
the San Francisco Bay-Delta region. A mass balance of
pesticide transport into and from the Bay System was
also discussed.
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E-56 "Dissolved - Copper Effect on Iron Pipe," Cruse/ Henry,
Journal of the American Water Works Association, Feb.,
1971, p. 79.
Several case studies are presented to show the
corrosion effects of galvanized iron pipe as a result of
copper concentrations as low as .01 mg/1. Copper sources
include water supply, copper addition for algae control
and copper pipe upstream of the iron pipe.
E-57 "Identification and Testing of Compatible Industrial
Wastes," Hastings, P. C. and M. W. Davis, Jr., Proceedings
of the 27th Industrial Waste Conference (1972), Purdue
University, p. 515
Laboratory studies are reported which examine two
wastes (Kraft mill bleachery waste of the caustic stage
and aluminum containing waste) which mixed together cause
a physiochemical reaction resulting in precipitation of
organic and inorganic materials. Location of plants with
a view towards joint treatment of compatible wastes is
suggested.
E-58 "Effect of Chrome Plating Wastes on the Warsaw, Indiana
Treatment Plant," Erganian, George K., Proceedings of
the 14th Industrial Waste Conference (1959) Purdue
University, p.127.
An evaluation of the effect of chrome plating wastes
on the operation of an activated sludge plant is reported.
Relationships between chrome concentration and treatment
efficiency, sludge index, and return sludge concentration
are presented. Consideration is given to the need for
ferrous sulfate as a pretreatment device for chrome
bearing wastes. Chrome removals as a result of treatment
are also examined.
E-59 "Significance of a Highly Alkaline Industrial Waste In a
Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant," Leary, R. D.,
et. al., Proceedings of the 26th Industrial Waste Conference,
(1971), Purdue University, p. 566.
The effect of a high alkaline - high chromium content
glue and gelatin plant waste on a primary treatment plant
is reported. Laboratory study results are also presented
on the effects of these wastes on anaerobic digestion.
Data is provided on treatment plant performance before
and after discharge of the trade waste.
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E-60 "Some Effects of Copper on the Activated Sludge Process,"
Directo, Leon S. and Edward Moulton, Proceedings of the
17th Industrial Waste Conference (1962) , Purdue
University, P. 95
The results of pilot plant studies to evaluate the
response of activated sludge to various situations are
presented in this article. Responses to shock loadings
of copper under varying organic loadings and to various
suspended solids concentrations are both reported.
E-61 "The Effect of ABS Shock Loadings on the Activated
Sludge Process," Bennett, E. R. and D. W. Ryckman, Proceed-
ings of the 16th Industrial Waste Conference (1961) ,
Purdue University, p.52.
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate
the effect of shock loadings of ABS on the activated
sludge system and to gain an insight into the mechanism
involved in the interaction of ABS and the activated
sludge microorganisms. The results of these tests are
presented in this paper.
E-62 "The Effect of Whey Upon the Operation of an Activated
Sludge Plant," Backmeyer, D. P., Proceedings of the 3rd
Industrial Waste Conference (1947), Purdue University,
p. 310.
This paper discusses the experiences encountered by
an activated sludge treatment plant as a result of batch
and continuous doses of whey.
E-63 "Effects of Synthetic Detergents on Activated Sludge,"
Manganelli, R. M., Proceedings of the 4th Industrial
Waste Conference, (1948), Purdue University, p. 611.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic detergents
at various pH levels on activated sludge organisms. The
results of these studies are reported in this paper.
E-64 "Some Revised Concepts Concerning Biological Treatment,"
Sawyer, Clair N. et al., Proceedings of the 9th Industrial
Waste Conference (1954), Purdue University, p. 217.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effect on biological treatment of: fluctuating temperature,
fluctuating pH levels and starvation periods. The study
results are presented in this paper.
7-74
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E-65 "University of Toronto Studies Reveal Toxic Metals in
Sludges Used for Soils," Water and Sewage Works,
Vol. 120, No. 7, p. 50 (July, 1973).
Metal concentrations were measured by atomic
absorption from three different dried sludge sources:
heavily populated and industrialized, residential and
a large town with industries-one of which uses chrome.
Concentrations for cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel,
zinc, iron, manganese and copper from each of the sludges
is reported. In recognition of this toxic metals threat,
Ontario established guidelines for sludge disposal.
E-66 "Inhibition of Aeration Process : A Quantitative Assess-
ment of Some Toxic Materials," Burrows, M. G., Water
Pollution Control, Vol. 68, No. 4, p. 457. (1969)
A method is described by which, it is contended, the
cost of treating trade effluents containing inhibitory
substances can be developed by the use of laboratory-
scale activated sludge units.
E-67 "Some Effects of Zinc on the Performance of Laboratory
Scale Activated Sludge Units," Brown, P. and P. R. Andrew,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 549-554
(1972) .
A laboratory investigation was carried out to deter-
mine the effects of zinc on batch type activated sludge
units. The test results are presented in this article.
E-68 "Lead-Cadmium and Endotoxin Interactions," Luzio, Nicholas
R., Paper presented to the Senate Commerce Committee,
Subcommittee on Environment. February 26, 1973.
Laboratory studies were used to determine the effect
of lead and cadmium intake in animals on their ability
to fight off bacteria. Different animals were used, and
lead or cadmium was administrated to the animals along with
endotoxins, and the results were reported.
7- 75
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E-69 "Temperature Acclimation in Aerobic Bio-oxidation
Systems," Benedict, Arthur H. and D. A. Carlson, Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 45,
No. 1, P. 10 (Jan. 1973).
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effects of high and low temperatures on micro-organisms
and on performance efficiency of biological treatment
systems. Acclimation of mixed cultures at low and at
high temperatures were examined.
E-70 "Toxic Effects of Mercury on the Activated Sludge Process,"
Ghosh, Mriganka, and Paul Zugger, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 45, No. 3, P. 424
(March, 1973).
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
concentrations of mercury that exhibit toxic effects on
the activated sludge process. The results of the study
are reported in this article.
E-71 "Response of Completely Mixed Systems to Hydraulic Shock
Loads," George, Thazhethil, K. and Anthony F. Gaudy, Jr.,
Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, Proceed-
ings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 99,
Number EE5, p. 593 (October 1973).
Laboratory tests were used to determine the effects
of hydraulic shock loads on activated sludge processes.
Two types of shock loads were studied. The first was a
constant feed concentration. The second involved a com-
pensating change in feed substrate concentration, so that
the daily organic loading remained constant, called
"constant daily organic loading." Results of the experi-
ments are given.
E-72 "Response of Activated Sludge to Organic Transient Loadings,"
Adams, Carl E. and W. Eckenfelder, Jr., Journal of the
Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American
ings
. 3:
Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 96, p. 333 (April 1970).
Laboratory studies were undertaken to evaluate the
effects of organic loadings under steady state and tran-
sient conditions upon the activated sludge system. Sub-
strate removal and oxygen uptake kinetic models were
examined to determine if these equations could be utilized
to predict system responses under transient loadings.
7-76
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E-73 Biological Waste Treatment, Genetelli, E. J. , Department
ot Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture
and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, 35 pp.
The available methods of biological waste treatment,
with their different process modifications are presented.
In addition, a discussion on shock loadings (both quantita-
tive and toxic) and their affect on biological systems
is included.
E-74 "Toxicity Measurements in Activated Sludge," Hartmann,
Ludwig and Gerhard Laubenberger , Journal of the Sanitary
Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, Vol. 94, No. 2, p. 247 (April, 1968) .
This paper discusses different methods of handling
toxicity data, and the problems and difficulties that
can arise in toxicity measurements. The Michaels
and Menten, Warburg, and Lineweaver and Burk Methods are
discussed, with laboratory experiments used to demonstrate
their application.
E-75 "Toxicity Measurements in Activated Sludge," Closure,
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings
of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 96, No .
S.A. 2 (April, 1970)
This closure discusses several points from article E-74
concerning the Michaels and Menten equations.
E-76 "Settling Characteristics of Sludge Sedimented from
an Industrial Effluent Containing Lead Compounds,"
Christian, J. R. and D Dollimore, Water Research, Vol. 5,
No. 5, p. 177 (1971).
The effect of the presence of oil on the settleability
of sludge containing some ledd is examined. Laboratory
studies examine settling rate, and solids concentration
before and after oil removal.
E-77 "Measurement of Toxicity of Industrial Wastes," Banerji,
S. K. et. al., Proceedings of the 3rd Mid-Atlantic
Waste Conference, p.
This paper discusses a method for quantitatively
assessing the toxicity of wastewater ingredients which
affect biological wastewater treatment. The authors
use boron as an example to compare the theoretical cal-
culations to the actual laboratory data.
7-77
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E-78 "Effects of Metallic Ions on Biological Waste Treat-
ment Processes/1 Reid, George W. et al., Water and
Sewage Works, Vol. 115, No. 7, p. 320, (July 1968).
Laboratory studies were conducted to observe the
effects of metallic ions on slime and on digester
efficiency. The study included various concentrations
of chromium, cadmium and copper. Pilot plant studies
were carried out to determine the effect of metallic
ions on trickling filter BOD removal efficiencies, and
on metallic uptake by attached slimes.
E-79 "Effects of Pesticides on Raw Wastewater," Canter, L. W.
et. al., Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 116, No. 6,
p. 230, (June, 1969).
Laboratory studies are reported which examine the
toxic effects of dieldrin, endrin and the organic solvents
utilized in commercial pesticide products. Their effects
on domestic sewage and on Escherichia coli are also
examined.
E-80 "Effects of Heavy Metals on Microorganisms. Application
to Process Design," Heck II, Robert P. et. al.,
Proceedings of the 27th Industrial Waste Conference,
(1972), Purdue University.
This paper discusses the use of laboratory monitor-
ing techniques to determine the effects of heavy metals
on microorganisms used in biological waste treatment.
A discussion of how this data can be applied to process
design is also included. Laboratory tests were conducted
with copper as the "toxic" material to demonstrate the
methods discussed, and the results of the tests are pre-
sented.
E-81 "Sulfide Saturation for Better Digester Performance,"
Masselli, Joseph W. et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 8, p. 1369
(August, 1967).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine
the effects of sulfide saturation of digester sludge
on gasification. The precipitation of metals to their
insoluble sulfides can eliminate metallic shock to anaerobic
digestion.
7-78
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E-82 "Elemental Analysis of Wastewater Sludges from 33
Wastewater Treatment Plants in the United States,"
Salotto, B. Vincent et. al., from the draft report
Proceedings of the Research Symposium on Pretreatment
and Ultimate Disposal of Wastewater Solids, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, N. J. (May 21-22, 1974).
Analyses of raw and digested sludges for their
metal content are reported in this paper. Statistical
distribution, general tendencies, and deviations of the
data for 21 metals are included. Comparison of the
data with sources outside the United States is made.
An analysis of sludge samples for nitrogen, phosphorus,
sulfur, and heat of combustion was also made.
E-83 "Effect of Industrial V?astes on Oxidation Pond Performance,"
Moshe, Meir et. al., Water Research, Vol. 6, No. 10,
p. 1165 (Oct. 1972).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to establish
the toxicity criteria of different metal ions on oxida-
tion pond operation. Metal ion concentration and pH
levels are examined in relation to algal numbers and
dissolved oxygen content.
E-84 "Toxic Effects of Cupric, Chromate and Chromic Ions on
Biological Oxidation," Lamb A., and E. L. Tollefson,
Water Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 599 (April, '1973).
The toxic effects of cupric, chromate and chromic
ions under conditions of shock loading on a laboratory
activated sludge system are presented. The relationship
between toxic effect and suspended solids concentration
is also examined.
E-85 "Effect of Temperature on the Removal of NTA (Nitrilotriacetic
Acid) during Sewage Treatment," Eden, G. E., et. al.,
Water Research, Vol. 6, No. 8, p. 877 (August, 1972).
Experiments to determine NTA biodegradation by
activated sludge processes are reported. The effects
of temperature are also examined to predict the impact
of winter conditions on NTA removals.
7- 79
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E-86 "The Role of Sulfide in Preventing Heavy Metal Toxicity
in Anaerobic Treatment," Lawrence, Alonzo Win., and
Perry L. McCarty, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 392 (March 1965)
Laboratory studies were performed to determine the
effects of copper, zinc, nickel and iron concentrations
individually and in combination on anaerobic digestion.
The role of sulfide in preventing heavy metal toxicity
was also evaluated. The investigation examined sulfide
addition as a control procedure to relieve metal toxicity.
E-87 "Resistance of Carcinogenic Organic Compounds to Oxidation
by Activated Sludge," Malaney, G. W. et. al., Journal
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 12,
p. 2020, (Dec. 1967)
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate
the ability of activated sludge treatment plants to remove
carcinogenic compounds from wastewater. The ability of
three activated sludges to oxidize selected compounds
was tested and the results are presented in this article.
E-88 "The Influence of Trivalent Chromium on the Biological
Treatment of Domestic Sewage," Bailey, D. A. et. al.,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 69, No. 2, p. 100 (1970)
Pilot plant studies were undertaken to determine
concentration levels of trivalent chromium that are accept-
able to biological treatment processes. The effects of
chromium on digestion, trickling filtration and activated
sludge performance were studied and are reported in this
article.
E-89 "Biochemical Response of Continuous Flow Activated Sludge
Processes to Qualitative Shock Loadings," Komolrit, K.
and A. F. Gaudy, Jr., J_ourn_al__pf the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 38,No.~T, p. 85 (January, 1966)
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
mechanism of substrate interaction in a continuous flow
activated sludge system. Variables considered included
the combinations and ratios of different substrates, con-
centration levels and modes of introducing substrates.
The shock load responses at various ratios of BOD and Nitrogen
were also investigated.
7-80
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E-90 "The Effect of Kraft Pulp Mill Effluents on the Growth
of Zalerion Maritimum," Churchland, L. M. and M. McClaren,
Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 50, p. 1269 (1972).
Laboratory studies are reported which measured the
growth of marine fungus in Kraft pulp mill effluents.
A determination of Z.maritimum as an effective decomposer
of caustic effluent is also conducted.
E-91 "Tolerance of High Salinities by Conventional Wastewater
Treatment Processes," Ludzack, F. J. and D. K. Noran,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 37, No. 10, p. 1404 (October, 1965)
This article reports the results of laboratory tests
to determine the effects of varying concentrations of
chlorides upon activated sludge and anaerobic digestion
units during sustained operation. The performance of
treatment units were evaluated under slug doses,starva-
tion periods and varied feed rates.
E-92 "The Effects of Surface Active Agents on Aeration,"
Mancy, K. H. and D. A. Okun, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 2, p. 212 (February, 1965)
This study analyzed theoretically and experimentally
the effect of surface active agents on oxygen transfer
kinetics. The article explained how surface active agents
interfere with aeration efficiency in waste treatment
processes.
E-93 "Effects of EDTA on Wastewater Treatment," Potos, Chris,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37,
No. 9, p. 1247 (Sept. 1965)
This paper reports on the research program initiated
to determine the effect of EDTA on several components of
sewage treatment. Included are the effects of EDTA on
secondary sedimentation, coliform numbers, oxygen utiliza-
tion, wastewater oxidation and chemical coagulation.
7-81
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E-94 "The Response of Activated Sludge to Nitrogen Deficient
Conditions," RamaRao, C. V. et. al., Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 10,
p. 1422 (October 1965).
Pilot plant studies were conducted to evaluate
modifications of the activated sludge process that would
effectively treat nitrogen deficient wastewaters. The
purpose of the study was to investigate nitrogen economy
in the treatment of certain trade wastes, and the study
results are presented in this paper.
E-95 Identification and Control of Petrochemical Pollutants
Inhibitory to Anaerobic Processes, J. C. Hovious et.al.,
EPA Bulletin No. PB-222-287, 111 pp. April, 1973.
Laboratory studies were conducted to identify
materials that are potentially inhibitory to anaerobic
processes using an unacclimated biomass. A number of
petrochemical pollutants and their inhibitory concentrations
are given.
E-96 "The Effect of Temperature on the Removal of Non-Ionic
Surfactants during Small Scale Activated Sludge Sewage
Treatment - I," Stiff, M. J. et. al., Water Research,
Vol. 7, p. 1003 (1973).
Laboratory studies indicated the differences in
biodegradation of three non-ionic surface active materials
at 15 C, 11 C and 8 C. Comparisons are made with
operating results from a small sewage treatment plant.
E-97 "The Effect of Temperature on the Removal of Non-Ionic
Surfactants during Small-Scale Activated Sludge Sewage
Treatment - II Comparison of a Linear Alkyl Phenol
Ethoxylate with Branched-Chain Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylates,"
Stiff, M. J. and R. C. Rootham, Water Research, Vol. 7,
p. 1407 (1973).
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the
differences between the biodegradation of a linear alkyl
phenol ethoxylate surfactant and two branched-chain
alkyl phenol ethoxylates during sewage treatment. Linear
alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) was also tested to study
its removal under varying conditions of temperature.
7- 82
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E-98 "A Mathematical Model for the Continuous Culture of
Microorganisms Utilizing Inhibitory Substrates/1
Andrews, John F., Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Vol. 10, p. 707 (1968).
A mathematical model is presented for both batch
and continuous cultures of microorganisms utilizing
inhibitory substrates. The model uses an inhibition
function to relate substrate concentration and specific
growth rate.
E-99 "Effects of Pesticides on Nitrite Oxidation by Nitrobacteria
agilis," Winely, C. L. and C. L. Clemente, Applied
Microbiology, Vol. 19, No. 2, p. 214 (Feb. 1970).
The influence of pesticides on the growth of N.
agilis in aerated cultures and on the respiration oT
N. agilis cell suspensions and cell-free extracts are
presented in this article. The effects of eight pesti-
cides on growth and on nitrite oxidation are also reported.
E-100 "The Influence of Metal Ion Concentrations and pH value
on the Growth of a Nitrosomonas Strain Isolated from
Activated Sludge," Loveless, J. E. and H. A. Painter,
Journal of General Microbiology, Vol. 52, (1968).
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
effects of metal concentrations on the growth of pure
cultures, and the consequences of deficiencies of these
metals. The effects of pH and temperature are considered.
The article includes a literature survey on factors affect-
ing the growth of Nitrosomonas.
E-101 "Effect of Chemical Structure on the Biodegradability
of Aliphatic Acids and Alcohols," Dias, F. F. and M.
Alexander, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 22, No. 6, p. 1114
W
(December, 1971).
Laboratory studies were undertaken to determine the
rate of decomposition of substituted acids by sewage
microorganisms. The type, number, and position of the
substituents were factors that were considered to deter-
mine the susceptibility of a compound to attack.
7-83
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E-102 "The Effect of Phenols and Heterocyclic Bases on
Nitrification in Activated Sludges," Stafford, D. A.,
Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 37, p. 75 (1974).
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the
rates of ammonia and nitrite oxidation when various con-
centrations of phenols or cresols were added to activated
sludge. Concentrations at which nitrification is affected
are reported in this article.
E-103 "Accumulation of Methanogenic Substrates in CC1,
Inhibited Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digester Cultures,"
Sykes, Robert and E. J. Kirsch, Water Research, Vol. 6,
p. 41, (1972).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the effect of carbon tetrachloride (CC1.) on methane
production in sludge digesters. Mechanisms for hydrogen
production as a result of methane disruption are also
reported.
E-104 "The Toxicity of Cadmium to Anaerobic Digestion:
Its Modification by Inorganic Anions," Mosey, F. E.
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 70, p. 584 (1971).
A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate
the role of the sulphide and carbonate ions in prevent-
ing cadmium toxicity in anaerobic digestion. The study
investigated steady additions, shock doses, and pH
variations to determine their effect on cadmium toxicity.
The study results are reported in this article.
E-105 "Factors Affecting the Availability of Heavy Metals to
Inhibit Anaerobic Digestion," Mosey, J. D., et. al.,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 70, p. 668 (1971).
Laboratory experiments were undertaken to examine
the effect of metals on anaerobic digestion. The purpose
of the experiments was to explain reported variations in
toxic concentrations and the study results are reported.
This paper includes a discussion on techniques for measur-
ing metal ions in solution. Procedures are suggested
for the prevention and correction of inhibition by metals.
7-84
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E-106 "Effect of Copper and Hexavalent Chromium On the Specific
Growth Rate of Ciliata Isolated from Activated Sludge,"
Sudo, Ryuichi and Shuichi Aiba, Water Research/ Vol. 7,
p. 1301 (1973).
The metal concentrations necessary to reduce the
growth rate of three species of Ciliata were investigated.
Growth rates were determined for both acclimated and non-
acclimated cultures.
E-107 "Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons," Swanwick, J. D. and Margaret
Foulkes, Water Pollution Control, Vol. 70, p. 58, (1971).
The toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons to anaerobic
digestion is investigated. Solids content, proportion
of undigested solids, level of bacterial activity and
presence of other toxicants have been identified as
important variables influencing inhibitory effects.
E-108 The Impact of Oily Materials on Activated Sludge
Systems, Environmental Protection Agency, NTIS
#PB 212-422, EPA # 12050 DSH (March, 1971)
Small scale continuous activated sludge systems
were exposed to a variety of oily compounds at various
loading rates to observe the removal performance of
the systems. Batch studies were used to determine
oil biodegradability, and the effects of emulsification
and temperature on biodegradability were also observed.
E-109 "Effect of Toxic Wastes on Treatment Processes and
Watercourses," Jackson, S. and V. M. Brown, Water
Pollution Control, Vol. 69, p. 292 (1970).
This paper reviews the effects of toxic wastes
on aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and on fish.
It identifies the level at which the toxic effects of
some substances are likely to be most important.
Concentrations are given for materials that are toxic
to aerobic, anaerobic and nitrification processes as
well as to fish.
7-85
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E-110 "The Effect of Chloroform in Sewage on the Production
of Gas from Laboratory Digesters/1 Stickley, D. P,
Water Pollution Control, Vol. 69* P- 585 (1970).
The toxicity of chloroform contaminated sludge
was investigated in laboratory experiments. Continuous
and slug doses of chloroform were administered to deter-
mine the effect of various concentrations on gas pro-
duction. The results of the experiments are reported
in this article.
E-lll "An Investigation into the Effects of Chlorinated Solvents
on Sludge Digestion," Barrett, K. A., Water Pollution
Control, Vol. 71, p. 389 (1972).
Gas yields from laboratory digesters that were fed
with chlorinated solvents were determined. The effects
of steady and shock doses and varying conditions of
aeration, temperature, gas recirculation were also
examined.
E-112 "Effects of Iron on Activated Sludge Treatment," Carter,
John L. and Ross McKinney, Journal of the Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. EE2, p. 135
(April, 1973).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to- relate the
iron ion concentration with the rate of biological
metabolism. Iron's effect on sludge bulking conditions
in waste treatment plants was also examined.
E-113 "Temperature-Toxicity Model for Oil Refinery Waste,"
Reynolds, James H. et. al., Journal of the Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. EE3, p. 557
(June, 1974).
Equations have been developed utilizing continuous
flow stirred tank reactor kinetics and enzyme inhibition
kinetics to describe the effects of temperature on toxicity
to microorganisms. These equations were tested by semi-
continuous and continuous flow experiments with phenol
and the alga Selenastrum Capricornutum.
7- 86
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E-114 "Metal Toxicity to Sewage Organisms," Poon, Calvin
P- C. and Kiran Bhayani, Journal of the Sanitary
Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SA 2, p. 161
(April, 1971).
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate
the role of metal toxicity in the overgrowth of fungus
in the activated sludge process. Pure cultures of
Geotrichum candidum and sewage bacteria culture were
used to obtain an understanding of the toxic behavior
through the use of an enzyme inhibition model.
E-115 "Environmental Effects of Photoprocessing Chemicals,"
Proceedings of the National Association of Photographic
Manufacturers Seminars on Photoprocessing and the
Environment,(June, 1974).
A series of papers are contained in these proceed-
ings which cover a broad range of topics pertaining to
Photoprocessing discharges including: recycling and
reuse of chemicals, treatability, properties of photo-
processing wastes, and biological and chemical treatment
of photoprocessing effluents.
E-116'Nitrogen Transformation in Activated Sludge Treatment,"
Ganczarczyk, Jerzy, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering
Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SA 3 (June, 1971).
This article presents the experimental results of
full-scale activated sludge treatment of an unbleached
kraft pulp mill nutrient-deficient effluent. The experi-
ment was performed to determine the effect of nitrogen
deficiency and nitrogen excess on treatment parameters.
E-117 "Industrial Wastes-Chemical Structures Resistant to
Aerobic Biochemical Stabilization," Ludzack, F. J. and
M. B. Ettinger, Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 32, No. 11, p. 1173 (November, 1960).
This review presents treatability data of various
compounds to facilitate comparisons and clarify relations
between chemical structure and microbiological assimilation,
Biodegradability of hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, acids, salts, esters, ethers, ketones, sur-
factants, amino acids, nitrogen compounds, vinyl and
oxy compounds are tabulated and discussed.
7- 87
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E-118 Interaction of Heavy Metals and Biological Sewage
Treatment Processes,U. S. Department of Health
Education and Welfare, Environmental Health Series,
Water Supply and Pollution Control, Pub. No. 999-WP-
22, 201 pp. (May, 1965).
This publication is a collection of 10 research
papers originating at the Robert A. Taft Sanitary
Engineering Center. The articles describe the effects
of chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc on sewage treat-
ment processes. Results of pilot plant studies and
full scale municipal plants are given.
E-119 Correlation of Advanced Wastewater Treatment and
Groundwater Recharge, Beckman, Wallace J. and Raymond
J. Avendt, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Project R-801478, Program Element 1BB043, Roap/Task
21 ASB-30.
With regard to a proposed 5 MGD demonstration
facility on Long Island, New York, Advanced Wastewater
Treatment (AWT) schemes required for reclamation and
ground water recharge were evaluated. A review of the
theory and practice of AWT and ground water recharge
methods is included.
E-120 "Anaerobic Waste Treatment Fundamentals; Part III,
Toxic Materials and Their Control," McCarty, P. L.,
Journal of Public Works, November, 1964.
Four methods of controlling materials toxic to
anaerobic waste treatment are proposed. Concentrations
of materials that are inhibitory to anaerobic digestion
are also presented.
E-121 Water Quality Criteria, Second Edition, McKee, Jack
Edwards and Harold W.Wolf/The Resources Agency of
California, State Water Resources Control Board,
Publication No. 3-A, 548 pp. (1963).
This book is the result of an investigation of
technical and scientific literature pertaining to the
criteria of water quality for various beneficial uses
of water. Included is a condensation and critical
evaluation of the literature, and an extensive list
of references. A summary of the legal literature is
also included.
Discussions on specific pollutants, including
radioactivity, pesticides and surface active agents
are presented.
7- 88
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E-122 "The Effect of Mercury on the Activated Sludge Process,"
Zugger, Paul D. and Mringanka M. Ghosh, Proceedings of
the 27th Industrial Waste Conference (1972), Purdue
University, p. 792.
Laboratory scale aerobic batch cultures of micro-
organisms, similar to those found in the activated
sludge treatment process, were used to determine the
effects of slug doses of mercury on activated sludge
systems. A table which includes the 96 hour median
tolerance limit in fish for certain metals is also
indicated. A description of the laboratory equipment,
procedures, and results is presented.
E-123 "A Discussion on Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion of
Sewage Sludge by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons," Swanwick,
J. D. and Margaret Foulkea,Water Pollution Control,
Vol. 70, p. 573, (1971).
This paper is a discussion of article E-107.
E-124 "Organic Load and the Toxicity of Copper to the
Activated Sludge Process," Salotto, B. V. et. al.,
Proceedings of the 19th Industrial Waste Conference
TI964), Purdue University, p. 1034
Activated sludge pilot plant studies investigated
the effect of organic loading on the toxicity and
distribution of copper in the various treatment processes,
The effects of two copper concentrations (one and five
mg/1) were studied at each organic loading condition.
Determinations of COD, suspended solids, BOD, turbidity
and copper at various outlets were used to measure these
effects. The ultimate fate of copper is examined.
E-125 "Anaerobic Processes," Ghosh, S. and F. G. Pohland,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 42, No. 6, p. 920 (June 1970).
This article reviews the 1969 literature on
anaerobic processes as they pertain to wastewater
treatment. Induced are reviews of microbiology
and mechanisms of the process, process developments
and kinetics, analytical methods and control, amd process
applications.
7-89
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E-130 Hexane Extractable Materials and Problems at
Municipal Treatment Plants, Metropolitan Sanitary
District of Greater Chicago, Department of Research
and Development, Report No. 75-9, May, 1975.
Data on the treatability and fate of Hexane
Extractable Materials (oil and grease) as observed
at MSD treatment facilities are presented. Accounts
of operational problems and secondary effects on
sludge disposal are also reported.
E-131 Treatability of Oil and Grease Discharged to Publicly
Owned Treatment Works, USEPA, #440/1-75/066, April, 1975.
The general nature of oil and grease in wastewater
is presented in this document. The effects of oil and
grease on the removal capabilities of various wastewater
treatment processes is also described.
E-132 "U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Policy on
Municipal Sludges," Whittington, W. A., and B. L. Seabrook,
prepared for U.S./U.S.S.R. Seminar, Handling, Treatment
and Disposal of Sludges, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
This summarizes EPA's Technical Bulletin, Acceptable
Methods for the Utilization of Disposal of Sludges.
This paper also describes the important factors to
consider for planning sludge management programs.
E-133 Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Recycling
Municipal Slu
July 9-13, 19
E-134
Municipal Sludges and Effluents on Land, Champaign, 111.,
7T.
This document contains reprints of more than two
dozen papers concerned with recycling of sludge and
effluents by land application. A broad range of
topics pertinent to this subject are discussed in
detail.
Proceedings of the National Conference on Municipal
Sludge Management, Pittsburcft, Pa.. June 11-13. 1974.
More than two dozen papers are presented on all
aspects of municipal sludge management, including
specific information on substances present in trace
amounts in sewage sludges.
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E-126 "Toxic Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen in High-Rate
Digestion," Melbinger, N. R. and J. Donnellon,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 43, No. 8, p. 1S58 (August, 1971).
Case studies are reported on two digesters that
were upset from the rate of nitrogen ammonia formation.
Methods of digester recovery and nitrogen ammonia control
are discussed. A discussion by H. Zablatzky follows
this article and includes a review of nitrogen ammonia
effects on biological treatment.
E-127 "Anaerobic Processes," Ghosh, S., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 45, No. 6, p. 1063
(June, 1973).
This article reviews the 1972 literature on anaerobic
processes as they pertain to wastewater treatment. Included
are reviews of microbiology and mechanisms of the process,
toxicity and inhibition, process developments and control,
and process applications.
E-128 "Effect of Boron on Anaerobic Digestion," Banerji, S. K.
and P. R. Parikh, Proceedings of the 4th Mid-Atlantic
Industrial Waste Conference (1970).
Laboratory scale tests were used to determine the
effect of boron on anaerobic digestion. Doses from
1-3 mg/1 boron fed as boric acid was tested on a glucose
and acetate fed batch digester. The analytical techniques
and the results of the experiments are discussed.
E-129 Correlation of Advanced Wastevrater Treatment and
Ground Water Recharge, Beckman, W. J., and R. J. Avendt,
prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water Program Operations.
This document reviews advanced wastewater treatment
processes and their applicability to renovation of
wastewater for ground water recharge. Included is a
detailed discussion of the nitrification processes,
and the effects of certain inhibitory substances.
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E-135 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse by Land Application,
Volume I - Summary, Volume IT, Report, U. S. EPA,
#660/2-73-006, August, 1973.
These booklets present the results of a nationwide
study on current practices of land application of muni-
cipal treatment plant effluents and industrial wastes.
Land application techniques, such as irrigation, over-
land flow and infiltration-percolation are described,
and the results from operational systems are indicated.
Climate, health, and economic considerations are also
addressed by the study-
E-136 Review of Landspreading of Liquid Municipal Sewage Sludge
U.S. EPA, #670/2-75-049 GPO Stock No."055-001-01024,
96 pp.
This study reviews the state-of-the-art of land-
spreading of liquid municipal sewage sludge. The
information was obtained from a questionnaire sent to
1900 sewage treatment plants and from available literature.
The subjects discussed in the booklet include sludge
characteristics, sludge handling, economics of land-
spreading, sludge-soil-plant interactions, public health
considerations and land acquisition.
E-137 Renovation of Secondary Effluent for Reuse as a Water
Resource, U. S. EPA, #660/2-74-016, February, 1974,
495 pp.
Land application of secondary treated, chlorinated
wastewater is described in this study. 500,000 gpd of
water was applied to cropland and forestland by means
of sprinkler irrigation. The effect of the water on
crop yields and crop composition was studied and is
reported. Other factors that were considered included
the quantity and quality of recharge to the ground water
and the costs of spray irrigation systems.
E-138 Evaluation of Land Application Systems, U.S. EPA,
# 430/9-75-001, March, 1975, 181 pp.
This document offers guidance on how land appli-
cation of sewage treatment effluent should be incor-
porated into regional planning studies. A checklist
of factors to consider is presented with background
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E-138 (continued)
information to aid in their evaluation. The document
is divided into sections on wastewater management plans,
design plans and specifications, and operation and
maintenance manuals.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles.
A-l F-5
A-2 F-7
A-23 F-14
A-31 F-17
A-32 F-29
C-17 F-32
D-33 F-66
D-41 F-85
F-90
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SECTION F - REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS IN PUBLICLY OWNED
TREATMENT WORKS
Reference: Volume I, Section F
Volume II - Appendix 6
F-l "Acclimation of Microorganisms for the Oxidation of Pure
Organic Chemicals", Mills, E.J., Jr. and Vernon T. Stack,
Jr., Proceedings of the 9th Industrial Waste Conference,
(1954) Purdue University, p. 449.
This paper presents the results of tests to determine
the acclimation of microorganisms to selected organic
compounds. The microorganisms were taken from the Kanawha
River in West'Virginia, and the organic compounds considered
consisted of amines, butyl carbitol acetate, acetanilide,
acrylonitrile and glycols.
F-2 "Activated Sludge Treatment of Cyanide, Cyanate and
Thiocyanate", Ludzack, F.J. and R. B. Schaffer,
Proceedings of the 15th Industrial Waste Conference,
(1960) Purdue University, p. 439.
Laboratory tests were performed on test feeds com-
posed of cyanides, cyanates and thiocyanates to determine
the biological treatability of each. The nature of degrada-
tion mechanism was examined, and the responses to several
variables were studied. Acclimation of the activated
sludge, loading rates and efficiencies were also indicated
for each compound.
F-3 "Metabolism of Organic Sulfonates by Activated Sludge",
Symons, James M. and L. A. Del Valle-Rivera, Proceedings
of the 16th Industrial Waste Conference, (1961) Purdue
University, p. 555.
This article presents the results of laboratory
tests to determine the mechanism of biological degrada-
tion of aromatic sulfonates (synthetic detergents) by
activated sludge. The relationship between the structure
of a compound and its biodegradability for various sul-
fonates is studied.
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F-4 "Biological Oxidation of Phenols in a Trickling Filter",
Graves, B. S. , Proceedings of the 14th. Industrial Waste
Conference, (1959), Purdue University, p.l.
This paper indicates the results of adding phenols
to a domestic waste stream, and how the phenols are
removed by a conventional secondary (trickling filter)
treatment plant.
F-5 "Experimental Treatment of Organic Cyanides by Conventional
Sewage Disposal Processes", Ludzack, F.J., et.al
Proceedings of the 14th Industrial Waste Conference, (1959)
Purdue University, p. 547.
A bench scale activated sludge unit was used to test
the treatability of nitriles and their effect on the acti-
vated sludge. The effect of nitriles on anaerobic diges-
tion was also presented. Results of acclimation tests with
various nitriles and alternate methods of removing nitriles
were also discussed.
F-6 "Evaluating Treatability of Selected Industrial Wastes",
Jorden, William L. et. al, Proceedings of the 26th Indus-
trial Waste Conference, (1971), Purdue University, p. 514.
This paper presents a procedure for evaluating treat-
ability of industrial wastes using a continuous flow,
bench scale completely mixed, slurry reactor. The theory
of mixed systems and the equipment and procedure recom-
mended is outlined, as are the results of treatability
tests. The purpose of these tests is to utilize the
results as a design basis for treatment plants.
F-7 "Treatability of Wastewater from Soluble Coffee Manufacturing",
Hammer, Mark J., et. al, Proceedings of the 26th Industrial
Waste Conference, (1971) , Purdue University, p. 348.
This article examines the treatability of soluble
coffee manufacturing wastes, separately and jointly with
domestic waste. The waste characteristics are presented
for the coffee wastes, and the bulking effect on activated
sludge that the coffee causes is examined.
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F-8 "Performance of Regionally Related Wastewater Treatment
Plants", Adams, B.J. and R, S. Gemmel, Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Volume 45 No. 10,
p. 2088 (October, 1973)
The variation of plant performance data for activated
sludge plants in the Chicago area is contained in this
article. A statistical analysis of the BOD, SS, and DO in the
discharge of the plants is also presented.
F-9 "Treatment of Combined Aircraft Overhaul and Domestic
Wastes", Rhodes, G. H., et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Volume 45, No. 12, p. 2549
(December, 1973)
The Jacksonville Naval Air Station had been treating
industrial wastes and domestic wastes separately, and
neither discharge had met local standards. A study was
undertaken to consider joint treatment of these wastes.
The procedure used in the study is presented in this
article. The characteristics of both waste streams and
operating results from the combined treatment plant are
contained.
F-10 "Stability and Removal of Commercial Dyes from Process
Wastewater", Porter, John J., Pollution Engineering,
Vol. 5, No. 10, p. 27, (October, 1973).
This article presents a description of commercial
dye characteristics and their rate of degradation in
water. The effect of various waste treatment systems
(biological, reverse osmosis, carbon adsorption, coagula-
tion, radiation-oxidation and lime precipitation) on
dyes is explored.
F-ll "Industrial Wastes Treated by Activated Sludge", Clinton,
M.O,, Proceedings of the llth Industrial Waste Conference,
(1956), Purdue University, p. 88.
A general discussion of how two Wisconsin municipal
sewage treatment plants upgraded themselves through acti-
vated sludge to meet the increased discharges from local
food processing plants is presented.
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F-12 "Removal of Low-Level Radioisotopes from Wastewater by
Aerobic Treatment", Lawrence, C. H. and F. W. Gilcress,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 37, No. 9, p. 1289 (September, 1965)
Pilot plant removal studies of low-level radionuclides
from wastewater are presented. The removal of various
radioactive chemicals by primary sedimentation, trickling
filtration, secondary sedimentation and lagooning was
measured. The mechanism of removal was explored and
the effect of radioactive materials on treatment plant
efficiency was examined.
F-13 "How to Treat Polystyrene Wastewater", Mason, Wallace
and Gerald S. Allen, Industrial Wastes, September/October
1974 p. 31.
A process description of two pretreatment plants
treating polystyrene wastewater is presented. Influent
and effluent data, sludge disposal data and general
cost information is included.
F-14 "Biodegradation of Oleates", Williams, J. and E. 0.
Bennett, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion, Vol. 45, No. 8, p. 1671 (August, 1973).
A laboratory study investigating the biodegradability
of commercially available oleates and hydroxyoleates is
presented. Degradation was determined by the growth of
P. aeruginosa. Factors influencing biodegradation,
such as oleate concentration, metal interference and
purity of the substrate are investigated for a variety
of oleates.
F-15 Evaluation of Processes Available for Removal of Phosphorus
from Wastewater, Cecil, Lawrence K., U. S. EPA Contract
114-12-581, EPA No. 17010 DRF, July, 1972.
The most important phosphate removal processes (bio-
logical, lime, aluminum and iron) are evaluated for a
variety of criteria. The points of application of phos-
phate removal processes in existing and new facilities
are discussed with the alternative sludge disposal methods.
A partial list of treatment plants where phosphorus re-
moval capability exists, or is planned, is presented,
including capacity, type of removal and P level in the
effluents. A short capital and operating cost section
is included.
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F-16 "The Factor of Treatability as Applied to Industrial
Effluents", Finch, John, Water Pollution Control,
Volume 66, Number 2, p. 141 (1967).
This article reviews some of the literature on the
interrelationships between industrial discharges and
municipal plants. Some guidelines for dealing with admin-
istrative problems are also included.
F-17 "Biological Degradation of Wastes Containing Certain
Toxic Chemical Compounds", Howe, Robert H.L., Proceedings
of the 16th Industrial Waste Conference, (1961) Purdue
University, p. 262.
The biological degradation of several pharmaceutical
wastes is discussed in this paper. The results of some
laboratory scale and some actual plant removals of anti-
biotics , phenol-mercury compounds, hormones and organics
containing formaldehyde and methyl alcohol are presented.
The toxicity and inhibitory effects of some of these
compounds are also indicated.
F-18 "Pretreatment of Toxic Wastes", Chalmers, R. K., Water
Pollution Control, Volume 69, p. 281 (1970)
This general article discusses the problems of toxic
wastes and what pretreatment alternatives are available
to reduce or eliminate toxic discharges.
F-19 "Constraints to Spreading Sewage Sludge on Cropland",
U. S. EPA, News of Environmental Research in Cincinnati,
May 31, 19 iT. '
This article discusses the parameters that limit
the use of sewage sludge on cropland. Factors which
are considered include nitrogen, metals, pathogens,
odors, etc. The areas where research and guidance are
needed are outlined.
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F-20 "The Biochemical Oxidation of Synthetic Detergents",
Bogan, R.H. and C. N. Sawyer, Proceedings of the 10th
Industrial Waste Conferencey(1955), Purdue University,
p. 231
A laboratory study utilizing the Warburg apparatus and
the standard 5-day BOD test was conducted to determine
the biochemical oxidation of a selected group of anionic
and nonionic detergents. Acclimation of various activated
sludge seeds was also discussed.
F-21 "The Aerobic Metabolism of Potassium Cyanide", Nesbitt,
John B, et.al., Proceedings of the 14th Industrial Waste
Conference, (1959) , Purdue University, p. 518.
A laboratory scale experiment was conducted to
determine the feasibility of biological treatment of
cyanide wastes. The cyanide waste stream was treated
by activated sludge in the absence of sewage, and re-
moval data was presented.
F-22 "Fate and Effects of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge
When Applied to Agricultural Lands", U.S. EPA Bulletin,
EPA 670/2-74-005 (January, 1974).
The first part of this bulletin compiles and reports
the results of published material dealing with the sub-
ject title. The second part explores the potential im-
pact of sludge applications to land, including a review
of the effect of various trace metals on crops and soils.
F-23 "The Treatment of Effluents from a Chrome Side Leather
Tannery on a Conventional Biological Filter", Bailey,
D. A., et.al., Water Pollution Control, Vol. 71, No.
2, p. 202 (1972).
Bench scale and pilot plant experiments indicated
that biological treatment can reduce the BOD of mixed
effluents from a chrome side leather tannery to values
acceptable to authorities in England. Various pretreat-
ment techniques were presented, and parameters discussed
included chromium, sulfide and sludge produced. The data
generated can be used to compare pretreatment with the
cost of discharging to a municipal plant.
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F-24 "New England Examples of Joint Treatment of Municipal
and Industrial Wastewaters", Parker, William H., III,
Presented at the 47th Annual Conference of the WPCF,
Denver, Colorado, (October, 1974)
This paper lists the advantages and disadvantages
of joint treatment and discusses sewer ordinances. Case
histories of engineering studies for Fitchburg, Mass.,
Springfield, Mass., Concord, N. H., Lewiston-Auburn,
Maine, and Adams, Mass, are presented and conclusions
of joint studies are also presented.
F-25 "A Guide to the Selection of Cost-Effective Wastewater
Treatment Systems", Van Note, R. H., et.al., U.S. EPA
Contract No. 68-01-0973, (May, 1973).
Flow sheets describing various unit processes asso-
ciated with wastewater treatment and sludge handling are
presented. Curves depicting total cost in cents per
thousand gallons of influent wastewater are shown for
plant capacities ranging from 1-100 MGD.
F-26 "Removal of Metals by Physical and Chemical Treatment
Processes", Maruyama, T., et. al., presented at the
45th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Atlanta, Georgia, October,1972.
Pilot scale tests of coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration and carbon adsorption are evaluated to deter-
mine their removal capability on metals and toxic sub-
stances. A discussion of metals removal in conventional
treatment processes is also contained.
F-27 "Sources of Metals in New York City Wastewater", Klein, L.A.
et.al., Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 46, p. 2653 (December, 1974).
Removal information from 12 New York City POTW's
is presented. Copper, chromium, nickel, zinc and cadmium
removal data were based on daily flow proportioned samples
combined into monthly composites. The results from 21
monthly averages are presented.
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F-28 "Regulating Latex Paint Wastes", Williams, Rodney, T.,
Part 1 - Industrial Wastes, July/August 1974, p. 34.
Part 2 - Industrial Wastes, Sept./Oct., 1974, p. 36.
The treatability of latex paint wastes in East Bay
Municipal Sewer District, Oakland, California, was determined
by jar test methods, with the general conclusion that this
waste is treatable by activated sludge and chemical coagula-
tion, either at the source or at the POTW. A user
charge system example is detailed.
F-29 "Heavy Metals Removal at Conventional Secondary Treatment
Plants", Altschuler, M. and G. Otakie, EPA, internal
correspondence, December 20, 1974.
Operating data from POTW's in Byron, Ohio; Grand
Rapids, Michigan; Richmond, Indiana, and Rockford,
Illinois are presented. These data were extracted
from an HEW Report entitled, "Interaction of Heavy Metals
and Biological Sewage Treatment Processes", (1965). Data
from Alcosan and Muncie, Indiana POTW's are presented
and were extracted from "Introduction of Heavy Metals
to Wastewater in Three Urban Areas", by J. A. Davis,
et.al (1974). The information is correlated and a dis-
cussion of inhibitory effects is presented.
F-30 "Removal of Heavy Metals by Wastewater Treatment Plants",
Esmond, S.E. , and A. C. Petrasek, Jr., Paper presented at
Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association,
Industrial Water and Pollution Conference and Exposition,
Chicago, Illinois, March 14-16, 1973.
Dallas Demonstration Plant (1 MGD) removal data for
12 metals is presented for two treatment processes: an
activated sludge process fed by primary effluent, followed
by multimedia filtration, and the same activated sludge
process, followed by high-lime treatment, multimedia
filtration and granular activated carbon adsorption.
Four month average data is presented.
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F-35 Development of a Chemical Denitrification Process/
Gunderloy, Frank C. et. al., EPA, NTIS No. PB 203 597
72 PP-/ October, 1970.
Laboratory studies of the denitrification process
based on the copper catalyzed ferrous ion reduction
of nitrate ion in basic media were conducted. The
purpose was to determine the effects of process variables
on the extent of reduction, and on product distribution.
Study results are presented in this article.
F-36 Biological Treatment of Chlorophenolic Wastes. The
Demonstration of a Facility for the Biological Treatment
of a Complex Chlorophenolic Waste.Jacksonville, Ark.
NTIS No. PB 206 813, 187 pp., June, 1971.
Pilot plant studies were conducted to determine the
biodegradability of Chlorophenolic wastes under actual
field conditions. Herbicide wastes were treated jointly
with municipal wastes in an aerated lagoon located
between a conventional sewage treatment plant and a
stabilization lagoon. The purpose of this project was
to finalize the design, construction and operation for
joint treatment of an industrial waste and a municipal
waste. The study included biological, chemical, hydraulic
and overall considerations.
F-37 "Treatment of a Combined Wastewater by the Low-Lime
Process," Tofflemire, T. J. and Leo J. Hetling,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 45, No. 2, p. 210, (February, 1973).
This article presents the results of a study to
investigate the treatability of a 50:50 mixture of
domestic waste and paper mill waste. The studies were
conducted on an actual waste flow in Waterford, N. Y.
Conclusions and recommendations are both presented.
F-38 "Characteristics of Municipal Effluents,"Pound, Charles,
and Ronald W. Crites, Conference on Recycling
Municipal Sludges and Effluent, Champaign, 111.,
July 9-13, 1973.
Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics
of municipal wastewaters are presented and discussed.
Constituents of raw wastewater and plant effluent are
presented for four types of waste treatment plants.
The wastes are compared to acceptable irrigation waters.
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F-31 "Treatment Plant Designed for Anticipated Standards,"
Schwinn, Donald E., Public Works, Vol. 104, No. 1, p. 54
(January, 1973).
This article reports on the design and construction
of a wastewater treatment plant for the District of
Columbia. In addition to primary and secondary treat-
ment facilities, plans include provisions for nitrogen
and phosphorus removal.
F-32 "Degradation of a Cationic Surfactant in Activated
Sludge Pilot Plants," Fenger, Bert H. et. al., Water
Research, Vol. 7, p. 1195 (1973).
Pilot plant activated sludge studies were used to
describe and demonstrate the degradation of cationic
surfactants. Tetradecylaimethyl- benzlammonium chloride
(TDBA) was chosen as a representative surfactant. The
removal of TDBA was studied, and the conditions which
affect removal, such as protein presence, volumetric
loading and temperature were noted. The inhibition of
non-acclimated activated sludge and the effect of shock
loadings of TDBA were also investigated.
F-33 "Trace Elements in Sewage Sludges," Berrow M. L. and
J. Webber, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Vol. 23, p. 93, (June, 1972).
The article presents an analysis of dried sewage
sludges from 42 rural and industrial towns in England
and Wales. The levels of various metals in the sludges
and in the soil are compared, and related to toxicity of
vegetation.
F-34 "Biological Treatment of Cyanides, With and without
Sewage," Pettet, A. E. J. and E. V. Mills, Journal
of Applied Chemistry , August 4, 1954.
This article discusses the results of a laboratory
test used to determine the effect of cyanides on treat-
ment of sewage with percolating filters.
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F-39 A Characterization of Heavy Metals in Sewage and
in the Background Environment";ciougn, Kerrigan, G.,
U. S. EPA, NERC - Cincinnati, June 15, 1972.
This report is a summary of the current knowledge
regarding environmental contamination by metals. Major
emphasis is given to metal concentrations in sewage
effluents.
F-40 "Physical-Chemical Wastewater Treatment at Niagara Falls,
N. Y. and Fitchburg, Mass.," Woodward, Richard L.,
AlChE Symposium Series, Vol. II, Municipal Waste Treatment
(1974).
This paper discusses the reasons for selection of
physical-chemical treatment and the design criteria used
at the two sites. The Niagara Falls plant is 48 mgd,
and the Fitchburg plant is 15 mgd.
F-41 "Status Report on Niagara Falls AWT Facilities," Siriani,
Josef, and Robert C. Marini, presented at the New York
Water Pollution Control Association, Winter Meeting,
January 22, 1974.
This paper presents the background history of
the Niagara Falls Project. A description of the
original pilot plant, design and construction of the
full scale plant and industry's involvement and respon-
sibility to the plant are all discussed.
F-42 Wastewater Treatment Technology, Patterson, J. W.
et.al., State of Illinois Institute for Environmental
Quality, 300 pp.,August, 1971.
This report covers twenty-two chemical substances,
and discusses their sources and treatment techniques.
A general summary for each chemical, with references
is also included.
F-43 "Rate of Phosphorus Uptake by Activated Sludge,"
Wells, W. N., Water and Sewage Works (January, 1975).
This article describes an experiment to measure
the phosphorus uptake by the activated sludge process
Experimental results are presented.
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F-44 "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Treatment Plant Effluents,"
Dube, Douglas J. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 5, p. 966 (May, 1974).
A survey of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB) in
southeastern Wisconsin municipal wastewater treatment
plants was conducted. Gas chromatogram patterns were
matched to those for Aroclor 1254. Concentrations were
given for influent and effluent from several treatment
plants.
F-45 "Treatment of Oily and Metal Containing Wastewater,"
Lin Y. H. and J. R. Lawson, Pollution Engineering,
Vol. 5, No. 11, p. 45 (November, 1973).
This article presents a series of tables which
detail the sources, characteristics and treatment
alternatives for oily wastes, often containing toxic
metals. Removal efficiencies and effluent concentrations
of BOD, oil and suspended solids for characteristic
waste streams are indicated for several treatment
processes.
F-46 "Joint Treatment vs. Pretreatment of Food Processing
Wastes," Watson K. S. et. al., Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 8, p. 1927
(August, 1974).
The compatibility of dairy and food processing
wastes with municipal sewage is discussed in this
article. The operational and economical advantages of
joint treatment over separate treatment are indicated.
A successful example of joint treatment at a cheese
manufacturing plant in Lowville, N. Y. is also presented.
F-47 "New Lake at South Lake Tahoe, California," Wakeman,
R., Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 115, No. 8, p. 348
(August, 1968).
Removal efficiencies for BOD, COD, suspended
solids, turbidity, phosphates, ABS and coliform are
presented for the secondary and advanced portions of
the South Lake Tahoe sewage treatment plant.
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F-48 "Wastewater Treatment Lures Industry," Larson R. L.,
The American City, November, 1971, p. 74.
A wastewater treatment facility has been built
in Plant City, Florida to handle domestic sewage and
waste from food processors and other industries.
The key to the treatment program is an industrial waste
ordinance, requiring industries to provide facilities
for sampling, measuring flow, determining pH and
temperature, and providing pre-treatment in the form
of bar screens and pH adjustment.
F-49 "City - Industry Teamwork Solves Critical Wastewater
Problems," Forestell, William IK. , The American City,
July , 1973, p. 57.
The South Charleston Waste Treatment Works receives
petrochemical wastes from a large chemical plant and
domestic sewage from South Charleston, Separate
primary treatment is provided for each waste, and the
wastes are combined for secondary treatment. The
details of the plant operation and the BOD removals
are reported in this article.
F-50 "Regional Plant Solves Small-Town Wastewater Problem,"
Cuttica H. C. and R. A. Armstrong, The American City,
July , 1974, p. 31.
Two New York cities joined forces to form the
Gloversville - Johnstown Sewer Board and build a treat-
ment plant to handle domestic sewage and wastes from
more than two dozen industries, including 20 tanneries,
3 textile dyeing plants, and a large glue factory.
The 13 mgd plant uses two-stage biological treatment.
The first stage is a high-rate trickling filter and
the second stage is activated sludge. Removal of BOD
and suspended solids has exceeded 90 percent.
F-51 "Trace Metals in Wastewater Effluents," Chen K. Y. et. al.,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46,
No. 12, p. 2663 (December, 1974).
An intensive study was conducted at the Hyperion
Treatment Plant in Los Angeles to characterize trace
metals in the effluents of various treatment processes.
The partition of the metals into dissolved and particulate
phases, and the size distribution of the particulate
borne fractions in wastewater effluents and digested
sludge were studied.
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F-52 "Carbon Treatment of a Municipal Wastewater,"
Burns, D. E. and G. L. Shell, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 1, p. 148
(January,1974).
A pilot plant study was conducted in Salt Lake
City to evaluate the use of activated carbon to remove
soluble organic matter from municipal wastewaters.
Carbon treatment in conjunction with chemical treatment
was also studied.
F-53 "Effects of Equalizing Wastewater Flows," La Grega M. D.
and John D. Keenan, Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 1, p. 123 (January, 1974).
A study was conducted in Newark, N. Y. to deter-
mine the effects of maintaining a constant flow of waste-
water on treatment plant operation. An equalization
tank was used, and the effluent characteristics from
constant flow and variable flow conditions were compared.
F-54 Stability and Control of Anaerobic Digestion," Graef
S. P. and Andreurs J. F., Journal of the Water Pollu-
tion Control Federation, Vol.46, No.4, p.666
(April, 1974).
A computer was used to simulate the response of
an anaerobic digester to organic, toxic and hydraulic
overloading. The factors that influence process stability
and the indicators of impending digester failure were
also studied.
F-55 "Adsorption of MBAS from Wastewaters and Secondary
Effluents," Rickert, D. A. and J. V. Hunter, Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 5,
p. 911 (May, 1974).
Methylene blue active substances (MBAS) can be
divided into three groups on the basis of adsorption
characteristics. The behavior of each group and their
interaction with organics present in wastewater are
presented in this article.
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F-56 "Biodegradability and Treatability of Combined Nylon
and Municipal Waste," Poon C. P. C., Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 1,
p. 100 (January, 1970).
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the
feasibility of treating combined nylon and municipal
wastewaters. Nylon wastes contain high organic levels,
solvents and low pH. The most efficient operating
parameters and the potential of solvent recovery are
reported.
F-57 "Anionic Detergents in Wastewater Received by Municipal
Treatment Plants," Earth E. F. and M. B. Ettinger,
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 39, No. 5, p. 815 (May, 1967).
An 18 month study of 5 treatment plants to deter-
mine the removal of methylene blue active substances
(MBAS) is presented in this article. The correlation
of MBAS removals and COD removals is also indicated.
F-58 "Heavy Metal Uptake by Activated Sludge," Cheng, M. H.
et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 47, No. 2, p. 362(February, 1975).
This article discusses the mechanism by which
activated sludges remove metals from wastewaters.
The factors which influence removal and the variation
among different metals are also presented.
F-59 "Heavy Metal Removal by Acclimated Activated Sludge,"
Neufeld Ronald D. and Edward R. Hermann, Journal of the
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 47, No. 2, P. 310
(February, 1975).
This article discusses the removal efficiencies
of activated sludges that have been acclimated to levels
of mercury, cadmium and zinc up to levels of 1000 rag/1.
Biomass production, respiration parameters and kinetic
parameters are also indicated as a function of metal-
sludge ratio.
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F-eo "Efficiency of Heavy Metals Removal in Municipal
Sewage Plants," Brown H. G. et. al., Environmental
Letters, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 103 (1973).
During the first half of 1972 six municipal sewage
treatment plants were routinely monitored to determine
the efficiency of metals removal. The plants chosen
encompassed primary, trickling filter and activated
sludge treatment in various size municipalities. The
metals that were measured in the influent and effluent
were cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc and lead. The
removal efficiency for each metal and the relationship
between metals removal and suspended solids removal
are discussed in this article.
F-61 "The Fate of Chromium during the Treatment of Sewage,"
Stones, T., Journal of the Institute of Sewage
Purification, 1955, p. 345
This article discusses the concentration changes
that chromium undergoes during various unit operations
of sewage treatment. Operations discussed include
sedimentation, chemical precipitation, biological
filtration and activated sludge treatment.
F-62 "The Fate of Copper During the Treatment of Sewage,"
Stones, T., Journal of the Institute of Sewage Purifi-
cation, 1958, p. 82.
The effects of sedimentation, chemical precipitation,
biological filtration and activated sludge treatment
on copper concentration changes are described in this
article.
F-63 "The Fate of Nickel during the Treatment of Sewage,"
Stones, T., Journal of the Institute of Sewage
Purification, 1959, p. 252.
This article indicates how nickel concentration
is affected by sedimentation, chemical precipitation,
biological filtration and activated sludge treatment.
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F-64 "The Fate of Zinc during the Treatment of Sewage",
Stones, T. Journal of the Institute of Sewage Purifica-
tion, 1959, p. 254.
Zinc concentration changes have been studied during
sedimentation, biological filtration, chemical precipita-
tion and activated sludge treatment. The study results are
reported in this article.
F-65 "The Fate of Lead during the Treatment of Sewage,"
Stones, T., Journal of the Institute of Sewage
Purification, 1960, p. 221.
This article discusses the concentration changes
that lead undergoes during treatment by sedimentation,
biological filtration, chemical precipitation and
activated sludge.
F-66 ''Fate of Heavy Metals in Physical-Chemical Treatment
Processes," Argaman, Y. and C. C. Weddle, AIChE
Symposium Series - Water, 1973.
Results are presented from a series of pilot plant
studies on the removal of heavy metals using physical-
chemical wastewater treatment processes. The processes
investigated were lime precipitation, ferric chloride
precipitation, dual media filtration, and activated
carbon adsorption. The effect of nitrilotriacetic acid
(NTA) on heavy metal removal efficiencies was also
investigated.
F-67 Feasibility of Joint Municipal and Industrial Wastewater
Treatment in the Onondaga Lake Watershed, Onondaga County,
New York, Roy F. Weston, Inc., Final Report FWPCA Grant
No. WPRD 66-01-68, September, 1970.
Bench scale activated sludge studies were conducted
at the Metropolitan Sewage Plant to determine heavy metals
removal. The results of these studies are presented in
this report.
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F-68 "Treatment of Coke Plant Phenolic Wastes in a Municipal
Activated Sludge Plant," Mathews W. W., Proceedings of
the 13th Industrial Waste Conference (1968), Purdue
University.~~
The Gary, Indiana Sanitary District conducted
an experiment to determine the effectiveness of phenol
reduction by the activated sludge process. The results
of this experiment are presented in this paper, includ-
ing all of the monthly operating data from the plant.
F-69 "Nutrient Removals by Conventional Treatment Processes,"
Johnson W. K., Proceedings of the 13th Industrial Waste
Conference (1958), Purdue University.
This paper presents a literature survey and
operating data on the nitrogen content of raw sewage,
and nutrient removals in primary, chemical and biological
treatment plants.
F-70 "Design and Early Operating Experience of Activated
Sludge Plant for Combined Treatment of Pulp, Paper
and Domestic Waste," Coughlan F. P. Jr. and A. E.
Sparr, Proceedings of the 16th Industrial Waste
Conference,(1961)Purdue University, p. 375.
A secondary sewage treatment plant at Westernport,
Maryland treats both kraft pulping wastes and domestic
sewage. Some of the early operating experiences of
this plant, including some removal characteristics,
are presented in this article.
F-71 "Designing a Combined Treatment Works for Municipal
Sewage and Packinghouse Wastes at Austin, Minnesota,"
Hill, Kenneth V., Proceedings of the 13th Industrial
Waste Conference (1958), Purdue University, p.260
This article describes the design of a sewage
treatment plant for municipal and packinghouse wastes.
Operating data and its comparison to design data
for a similar plant is also presented.
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F-72 "Treatability of Industrial Wastes in Combination
with Domestic Sewage," Sawyer C. N. and P. A. Kahn,
Proceedings of the 13th Industrial Waste Conference
(1958), Purdue University, p. 341.~~
This article is a general discussion of factors
which affect treatability of combined wastes. Factors
discussed include inert solids, fibrous materials, oils
and greases, floating materials, flow variations,
thermal variations, density variations, pH, toxic
materials, BOD load variations, nutritional requirements,
ferrous compounds, and odor-producing ingredients.
F-73 "BOD of Synthetic Organic Chemicals," Lamb C. B. et. al.
Proceedings of the llth Industrial Waste Conference
(1956), Purdue University, p. 326.
This article presents the BOD values of a wide
range of synthetic organic chemicals. The variations
between the BOD value of wastewater effluents and the
BOD values in streams is also discussed.
F-74 "Cyanide Destruction on Trickling Filters," Gurnham
C. F., Proceedings of the 10th Industrial Waste Con-
ference (1955)Purdue University, p.186.
Laboratory scale trickling filter experiments were
conducted to determine the treatability of cyanide-
bearing sewage. The results of these experiments are
discussed in this article. A general discussion on
simple and complex cyanide forms is also presented.
F-75 "A Biodegradability Test for Organic Compounds,"
Bunch R. L. and C. W. Chambers, Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 39, No. 2, p. 181
(February, 1967).
A specific laboratory procedure to determine
biodegradability is described in this article. The
application of the test and the time required for its
adaptation is also indicated.
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F-76 "A Procedure and Standards for the Determination of
the Biodegradability of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate and
Linear Alkylate Sulfonate," The Subcommittee on
Biodegradation Test Methods of the Soap and Detergent
Association, Journal of the American Oil Chemists
Society, Vol. 42, No. 11, p. 986 (November, 1965).
This article presents a procedure to measure the
biodegradability of the compounds mentioned in the title.
A semi-continuous activated sludge process to simulate
sewage treatment and act as a confirming test is also
described.
F-77 Treatment of Mixed Domestic Sewage and Industrial Waste
in Germany, Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development, December, 1966.
This extensive document covers all aspects of sewage
treatment in Germany, including the pollution effects
of sewage, pretreatment, design criteria and the
industry charge systems in use.
F-78 "Solids Retention in Anaerobic Waste Treatment Systems,"
Daque R. et. al., Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 2, Part 2, p. R29
(February, 1970).
This article presents the results of a laboratory
study to determine biological solids retention times
in anaerobic waste treatment systems. Factors which
affect retention times and methods for their control are
also discussed.
F-79 "Techniques for Removing Metals from Process Wastewaters,
Cadman, T. W. and R. W. Dillinger, Chemical Engineering,
April 15, 1974, p. 79.
This general article presents the state-of-the-art
of most major methods of metals removal. Strontium and
manganese are discussed individually, and a summary of
the effects of many ion exchange resins on metals is
also presented.
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F-80 "Compact Activated Sludge Treatment of Combined
Pretrochemical-Municipal Waste," Kumke G. W. et. al.
Water and Wastes Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 5, p. Cl,
(May, 1969).
A four year evaluation of the activated sludge
process performance of the South Charleston, West
Virginia Waste Treatment Works was conducted. Perfor-
mance data on BOD, COD and suspended solids is presented
in this article.
F-81 "Nitrogen Removal by Modified Activated Sludge Process,"
Balakrishnan B. and W.Eckenfelder, Journal of the
Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 96, No. SA2
p. 7236 (April, 1970).
Nitrification research studies with respect to the
activated sludge and trickling filtration processes
are reported in this article. The effects of organic
loading and hydraulic loading on nitrogen removal are
also discussed.
F-82 "Removal of Sugars by Activated Sludge," Painter, H. A.
et. al., Water Research, Vol. 2, No. 6, p. 427, (1968).
This article presents the results of laboratory
experiments on the removal of sugars by activated sludge,
The efficiency of sugar removal, the relationship
between gluecose loading and sludge activity and the
relationship between BOD loading and sugar removal are
all discussed.
F-83 "Grease Management in Wastewater Treatment," Cibulka
J. J. et. al., Proceedings of the 3rd Mid-Atlantic
Waste Conference (1969).
The grease removal efficiencies at a treatment
plant with a grease removal chamber in Blacksburg,
Virginia are reported in this article. The results of
a laboratory study are also presented. Factors which
affect grease removal are indicated and include pre-
chlorination, primary sedimentation, pH, and retention
time.
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F-84 "Treatability Studies of Industrial Wastes Effected
through Process Simulation," Baker R. W. and F.
Guillaume, Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 116, No. 9
p. IW32 (September, 1969}
This article indicates how laboratory treatability
studies can simulate treatment plant operations. The
laboratory studies can identify problems in advance
of design and aid in their correction.
F-85 "Starch Removal with Non-Acclimated Activated Sludges,"
Banerji S. K. et. al., Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 114,
No. 4, p. 134 (April, 1967).
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the
mechanism and efficiency of starch removal by activated
sludge. The factors which affect starch removal and
the effect of shock loadings were also considered.
The study results are presented in this article.
F-86 "Variability of Waste Treatment Plant Performance,"
Thomann R. V., "Journal of the Sanitary Engineering
Division, Proceedings of the American Society of
Civil Engineers, Vol. 96, No. SA3, p. 816 (June, 1970).
Statistical techniques were applied to the time
variations of waste treatment processes of municipal
plants. Data were obtained from eight plants, and
BOD was the major parameter considered.
F-87 "Removal of Metals by Chemical Treatment of Municipal
Waste Water," Nilsson, Rolf, Water Research, Vol. 5,
No. 2, p. 51 (1971).
The reduction of the metal content of wastewaters
by chemical precipitation with aluminum sulfate and
calcium sulfate is reported in this article. The
reductions of chromium, lead, copper, mercury, cadmium,
arsenic, nickel and copper are related to pH and
precipitant levels.
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F-88 "Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents,"
Mytelka A. I., Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 45, No. 9, p. 1859, (September, 1973).
The Interstate Sanitation Commission routinely
analyzes the metals removal capability of municipal
wastewater treatment plants within its jurisdiction.
This article presents the results from some of these
analyses.
F-89 "Treatment of Mixed Sewage and Textile Finishing Wastes
on Trickling Filters and Activated Sludge," Gibson F.
M. and J. H. Wiedman, Proceedings of the 17th Industrial
Waste Conference (1962), Purdue University.
Pilot studies were conducted at the Greater Green-
ville Sewer District, South Carolina, to determine the
treatability of combined textile wastes and domestic
sewage. The economy of treatment and the relationships
between removals and pH and alkalinity were also studied.
F-90 "Treatability of Oily Wastewater from Food Processing
and Soap Manufacture," McCarty P. L. et. al., Proceedings
of the 27th Industrial Waste Conference (1972),Purdue
University, p.867.
Laboratory investigations were conducted to deter-
mine the treatability of pure fatty substances and selected
industrial wastes from a Proctor and Gamble complex in
Cincinnati, Ohio. The removal efficiency of the treat-
ment plant and the effect of the wastes on the activated
sludge and anaerobic digestion processes are reported
in this article.
F-91 "Amenability of a Mixture of Sewage, Cereal and Board
Mill Wastes to Biological Treatment," Quirk, Thomas P.,
Proceedings of the 13th Industrial Waste Conference
(1958), Purdue University, p. 523.
This article presents the results of a laboratory
scale study to investigate the feasibility of treating
a mixture of industrial wastes and domestic sewage
by activated sludge. The oxygen transfer rates observed,
the process loading removal characteristics, the oxygen
demand rates, the required detention times and the sludge
handling characteristics are also discussed.
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P-92 "Combined Treatment of Tannery and Municipal Wastes,"
Nemerow N. L. and R. Armstrong, Water and Wastes
Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 7, p. D-6 (July, 1969).
The results of laboratory experiments are pre-
sented, which indicate that activated sludge, or a
modification of the process, can be utilized to treat
combined tannery and domestic wastes.
F~93 Removal of Heavy Metals by Conventional Treatment,
Logsdon G. S. and J. M. Symons, reprinted from
U. S. EPA Region II Report #902/9-74-001 (Traces of
Heavy Metals in Water, Removal and Monitoring).
This paper summarizes the research that has been
conducted at the NERC laboratory in Cincinnati on removal
of trace inorganic substances by water treatment processes,
Among the chemicals discussed are methyl mercury,
inorganic mercury, barium, selenates, selenites, arsenites
and arsenates.
F-94 Performance of Northern California and Pacific
Northwest Municipal Treatment Plants in Oil and
Grease Removal; CH2M Hill Consulting Engineers,
Sacramento, California.
Removal and sampling data is presented on oil
and grease and BOD for 11 municipal plants. Oil and
grease removals range from 47.9 to 96.4% with an
average removal for all 11 plants of 86.9%.
F-95 Performance of New York and Connecticut Municipal
Treatment Plants in Oil and Grease Removal; Hydro-
science, inc.; Westwood, New jersey.
Influent and effluent sampling data on oil and
grease and BOD is presented for 38 municipal plants.
Oil and grease removal varied from a low of 19.2%
to a high of 99.7% with an average removal of 78.6%.
F-96 performance of Two Municipal Treatment Plants in
Texas in Oil and Grease Removal; Hydroscience, Inc.;
Westwood, New Jersey.
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Data for June 1973 (Austin plant) show an aver-
age oil and grease removal of 72.5% and a range of
32 to 95% removal; for July 1973 (Austin plant) the
data shows an average oil and grease removal of 96.8%
with a range of 88 to 100% removal. Influent and
effluent sampling data of BOD and ether solubles is
provided for the Fort worth plant from 1973 to 1975.
The average oil and grease removal was 46.6%.
F-97 Performance of Two Midwest Municipal wastewater
Treatment Plants in Oil and Grease Removal; Dr. L.
W. Polkowski; Madison, Wisconsin.
Influent and effluent sampling data of BOD, SS,
and hexane extractables is provided for the Jones
Island Plant in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and another
unnamed plant. Oil and grease removal at Jones
Island ranged from 76.1 to 99.5% with an average
removal of 85.9%. Oil and grease removal for the
unnamed plant varied from 86 to 92% with an average
removal of 89%. A comparison of measurements by the
alumina column and thin layer chromotography methods
is also provided.
F-98 Comments on Hexane Extractable Materials and Problems
at Municipal Treatment Plants; W. Wesley Eckenfelder,
Jr.; Vanderbilt University; Nashville, Tennessee.
The report discusses the biodegradability of
organic compounds and in particular, hexane extractable
materials in wastewaters containing vegetable and
animal fats and oils.
F-99 Oxidation of Biodegradable Oil and Grease as Measured
in BOD tests; James C. Young; Iowa State University;
Ames, Iowa.
A study to investigate the ef:-'^ct of oil and
grease on BOD test measurements and the impact of
such measurements on setting standards for oil and
grease discharged by industry to municipal sewerage
systems and by treatment plants to streams is pre-
sented.
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F-100 (See E-130)
Hexane extractable removal information for six
plants of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of
Greater Chicago are presented. The removal data
varies from 26 to 64% with an average oil and grease
removal of 48.8%. Also included is a series of pilot
studies on various industrial wastes to determine
oil and grease removals.
For additional information pertaining to this section,
please refer to the following articles:
A-l E-4 E-58
A-2 E-6 E-69
A-3 E-ll E-73
A-4 E-12 E-82
A-6 E-14 E-85
A-12 E-17 E-97
A-23 E-24 E-121
A-31 E-25 E-125
A-32 E-31 E-127
B-14 E-49
B-22 E-51
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