UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
OFFICE OF
PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Dear Colleague:
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of over 300 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States.
In order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory/ EPA is distributing Hazardous Substance Fact
Sheets prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health. In
addition, EPA has developed and is distributing Ecological Fact
Sheets to describe the ecological effects of the chemicals in the
environment.
Enclosed please find, a set of the Ecological Fact Sheets,
an alphabetical list of the 293 Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets,
and a cover for the Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets. The
Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets are being sent in a separate
package.
This spring you will receive Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets
for the remaining chemicals.
If you have any questions or comments, please cpntact:
Anne Giesecke
USEPA TS-799
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 2046Q
202-382-3801
Sincerely,
Anne Giesecke
Environmental Protection
Specialist
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetaldehvde
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acetaldehyde (CAS No. 75-07-0) is a flammable liquid with a
characteristic pungent odor. It is used to make paraldehyde,
acetic acid, butanol, perfumes, flavors, aniline dyes,
plastics, and synthetic rubber. It is also used in silvering
mirrors and in hardening gelatin fibers. It can enter the
environment through manufacuturing effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acetaldehyde has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. [fill
in plant info.] No data are available on the short-term
effects of acetaldehyde to terrestrial animals. »
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acetaldehyde has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of acetaldehyde
to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acetaldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acetaldehyde is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 73% of acetaldehyde will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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RTOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of'animals and humans.
The concentration of acetaldehyde found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acetaldehyde in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox database
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acetamide (CAS No. 60-35-5) is a colorless crystalline solid.
It is used as a general solvent for both inorganic and
organic compounds, a solubilizer, a plasticizer, an antacid
in the lacquer, explosives and cosmetics industries, a
stabilizer in peroxides, and in the synthesis of organic
chemicals such as methylamine and thioacetamide. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acetamide has slight acute toxicit to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. It has caused germination decrease
and . size decrease in several agricultural crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of acetamide to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acetamide has slight chronic toxicit to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of acetamide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acetamide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acetamide is slightly persitent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
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degraded. Virtually 100% of acetamide will end up in the
water.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living - oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of acetamide found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acetamide in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
phtotox; eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1) is a colorless, flammable liquid
with a somewhat aromatic odor. It is widely used as a
solvent for paint, varnish, lacquers, inks, adhesives, and
heatseal coatings. It is also used extensively as a chemical
intermediate in the production of Pharmaceuticals and plastic
or resin materials. It may enter the environment from
industrial or municipal waste treatment plant discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acetone has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. Acetone
has caused membrane damage, size decrease, and germination
decrease in various agricultural and ornamental crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of acetone to birds and land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acetone has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of acetone to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acetone is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acetone is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
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amount "of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 50% of acetone will eventually end up in
air; the rest will end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of acetone found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acetone in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetonitrile
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) is a colorless liquid with a
sweet odor. It is used as a solvent to extract and recover
chemicals in the production of Pharmaceuticals, plastics, and
other products. It is also used in the photographic
industry, in the extraction and refining of copper, in the
textile and perfume industries, and in analytical chemistry
laboratories. It may enter the environment through
manufacturing effluents, municipal waste treatment plant
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acetonitrile has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the short-term effects of acetonitrile
to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acetonitrile has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of acetonitrile
to plants or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acetonitrile is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acetonitrile is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
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to be degraded. About 21% of acetonitrile will eventually
end up 'in air; 79% will end up in the water.
RTOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living -oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of acetonitrile found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acetonitrile in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA,
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrolein
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acrolein (CAS No. 107-02-8) is a liquid, used most commonly
as an herbicide under the trade names "Aqualin" and
"Magnacide-H" for the control of weeds in irrigation canals.
It may enter the environment through its main use as an
aquatic herbicide or by spills.
ACUTE.(SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come -in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acrolein has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. As an
aquatic herbicide, acrolein has high acute toxicity to water
plants and may be expected to adversely effect land plants.
Acrolein has high acute toxicity to birds and moderate acute
toxicity to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acrolein has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of acrolein to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acrolein is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 and 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acrolein is slightly persistent in the aquatic environment
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 77% of acrolein will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATION TN AOUATTP ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. ' These
chemicals' can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs rrf- animals and humans.
The concentration of acrolein found in fish tissues is
.expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of acrolein in the water from which the fish was taken
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox and Terretox databases
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acrylamide (CAS No. 79-06-1) is used as a flocculant,
papermaking aid, and thickener, and as an additive to enhance
oil recovery. Acrylamide can enter the environment mainly in
the effluents from industrial processes.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acrylamide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the short-term effects of acrylamide to
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acrylamide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of acrylamide to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acrylamide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acrylamide is slightly persistent in the aquatic environment,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 95% of acrylamide will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of'animals and humans.
The concentration of acrylamide found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acrylamide in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acrylic acid. (CAS No. 79-10-7) is an organic acid which is
made on a large scale. It serves as a building block for the
synthesis of other chemicals. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acrylic acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life and
high toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of acrylic acid to
plants or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acrylic acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of acrylic acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acrylic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acrylic acid is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 90% of acrylic acid will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of acrylic acid found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
acrylic acid in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylonitrile
GENERAL INFORMATION
Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1) is used to make acrylic
fibers, plastics, surface coatings, and adhesives. It is a
chemical intermediate in the synthesis of antioxidants,
Pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. it is a pesticide fumigant for
stored grains. It may enter the aquatic environment from
industrial effluents.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acrylonitrile has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the short-term effects of acrylonitrile
on plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Acrylonitrile has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of acrylonitrile
on plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Acrylonitrile is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Acrylonitrile is slightly persistent in the aquatic
environment, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 63% of
acrylonitrile will eventually end up in air; the rest will
end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs Of animals and humans.
The concentration of acrylonitrile found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of acrylonitrile in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
_, Office of Toxic Substances
Adipic acid, bisf2-ethvlhexvl ester)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Adipic acid, bis(2-ethyhexyl ester) [CAS No. 103-23-1] is a
liquid used to make plastics and lubricants. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Adipic acid, bis(2-ethyhexyl ester) has slight acute toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the short-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl ester) has slight chronic
toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the long-term effects of this chemical to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl ester) is slightly soluble in
water. Concentrations of 1 milligram and less will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl ester) is slightly persistent
in water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 47.5% of this
chemical will eventually end up in terrestrial soils; about
44% will end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end
up in the air.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living branisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemical's' can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)
found in fish tissues is expected to be considerably higher
than the average concentration of this chemical in the water
from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aldrin
GENERAL INFORMATION
Aldrin (CAS No. 309-00-2) is a solid which is used an
insecticide primarily to control termites, and most likely
enters the environment from industrial discharges, urban
runoff, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Aldrin has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to birds.
It has caused injuries of several kinds to both agricultural
and ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of aldrin to land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Aldrin has high chronic toxicit to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of aldrin to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aldrin is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of l
milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aldrin is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
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Under aerobic (oxygenated) conditions, aldrin is oxidized to
the highl persistent insecticide, dieldrin.
About 49% pf aldrin will eventually end up in terrestrial
soils; about 46% in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end
up in the., water.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
/
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of aldrin found in fish tissues is expected
to be much higher than as the average concentration of aldrin
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phtotox; eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aluminum (fume or dust)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Aluminum (CAS No. 7429-90-5) is one of the most abundant
metals in the earth's crust. It is used in the manufacture
of many products, such as aircraft, utensils, electrical
conductors, and dental fillings. It is also used in
combination with other chemicals to serve many purposes such
as water purifcation, medicinals, catalysts, dyes, baking
powder, fireproofing and tanning. Because of its frequent
use and common occurrence, aluminum enters the environment
from point and non-point sources.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Aluminum has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of aluminum to
plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Aluminum has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of aluminum to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aluminum solubility in water is dependent upon pH - as pH
increases or decreases from near neutrality, solubility
increases.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aluminum is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded..
RTOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Aluminum will not accumulate in fish tissues.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/bird
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aluminum oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Aluminum oxide (CAS No. 1344-28-1) occurs naturally in the
environment in the minerals bauxite, baerites, boehmite,
corundum, diaspore and gibbsite. Aluminum oxide is a white
solid. It is used as an absorbent, dessicant, abrasive, and
filler for paints and varnishes; in the manufacture of
alloys, ceramic materials, electrical gems; and as a catalyst
for chemical reactions. Aluminum oxide occurs naturally in
the aquatic environment and can be added to by discharges
from industry or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Aluminum oxide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life, but
its toxicity will be increased under alkaline conditions.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of aluminum oxide to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Aluminum oxide has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life,
but its toxicity will be increased under alkaline conditions.
Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of aluminum oxide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aluminum oxide is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aluminum oxide is highly persitent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
•• * -
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Aluminum oxide will not accumulate in edible tissues of
aquatic species that are consumed by humans.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aminoanthracruinone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Aminoanthraquinone (CAS No. 117-79-3) is a reddish
crystalline solid. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Aminoanthraquinone has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of aminoanthra-
quinone to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Aminoanthraquinone has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of aminoanthraquinone to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aminoanthraquinone is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aminoanthraquinone is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life of greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98% of aminoanthraquinone
will eventually end up in water; the rest will be divided
about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of aminoanthraquinone found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of aminoanthraquinone in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-Aminoazobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
4-Aminoazobenzene (C.I. Solvent Yellow I) [CAS No. 60-09-3]
is a solid consisting of brownish-yellow needles with a
bluish cast. It is used as an intermediate in the
manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines; and in
the salt form in dyeing. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4-Aminoazobenzene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 4-aminoazobenzene to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4-Aminoazobenzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 4-aminoazobenzene to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4-Aminoazobenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4-Aminoazobenzene is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 93.6% of 4-aminoazobenzene
-------
will eventually end up in water; about 0.3% will end up in
air; and the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
.chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 4-aminoazobenzene found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of 4-aminoazobenzene in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-Aminobiphenvl
GENERAL INFORMATION
4-Aminobiphenyl (CAS No. 92-67-1) is a solid chemical used in
the detection of sulfates and in cancer research. It
formeryl was used as a rubber antioxidant. 4-Aminobiphenyl
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
•
4-Aminobiphenyl has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 4-aminobiphenyl to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4-Aminobiphenyl has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 4-aminobiphenyl to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4-Aminobiphenyl is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4-Aminobiphenyl is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 90% of 4-aminobiphenyl will
eventually end up in water; about 4.5% will end up in
-------
terrestrial soil; about 4.25% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 4-aminobiphenyl found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 4-aminobiphenyl in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
l-Amino-2-methvlanthraquinone
GENERAL INFORMATION
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone (CAS No. 82-28-0) is a solid
chemical used as an intermediate in the production of anthra-
quinone vat dyes. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of l-amino-2-methylanthraquinone to plants or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone has moderate chronic toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the long-term effects of l-amino-2-methylanthra-
quinone to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is highly peristent in water,
with a half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 91% of l-amino-2-methyl-
anthraquinone will eventually end up in water; the rest will
-------
be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
brqans of animals and humans.
The concentration of l-amino-2-methylanthraquinone found in
fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the
average concentration of l-amino-2-methylanthraquinone in the
water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ammonia
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ammonia (CAS No. 7664-41-7) is a colorless gas and a common
molecule given off by living organisms. It is used to make
fertilizers, animal foods, synthetic fibers, glues and
explosives. It is also used in the treatment and refining of
metals. It may enter the environment through natural organic
matter decomposition, run-off from agricultural fields or
feedlots, municipal waste treatment plant discharges, oil
refinery and chemical manufacturing effluents, or atmospheric
fallout.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate' in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
"Total ammonia" refers to the sum of ammonia (NH3) plus the
ionized form (NH4+). The toxicity of liquid ammonia
solutions is primarily due to the presence of NH3, the
percentage of which increases with pH and temperature.
Therefore, the toxicity of "total ammonia" is greater in more
alkaline waters at higher temperatures. It is also more
toxic under conditions of decreased oxygen concentrations.
Under most natural conditions of pH and temperature, total
ammonia has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the short-term effects of total ammonia to
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Under most natural conditions of pH and temperature, total
ammonia has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of total ammonia
on plants, birds, or land animals.
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WATER SOLUBILITY
No data are available on the water solubility of this
chemical.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
•* * -
Total ammonia in non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Ammonia is not expected to accumulate in tissues of fish.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ammonium nitrate (CAS No. 6484-52-2) is a synthetic inorganic
compound which is produced in large volumes. Crystalline
ammonium nitrate is a major form of nitrogen fertilizer.
Lesser amounts are used to make explosives and nitrous oxide.
It is also used as an anesthestic. Ammonium nitrate may
enter the environment from industrial or municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, agricultural runoff, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ammonium nitrate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of ammonium nitrate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ammonium nitrate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of ammonium nitrate to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Crystalline ammonium nitrate is highly soluble in water, and
because of its negative heat of solution in water, is used to
prepare freezing mixtures, such as mixtures with salt and
water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitrate will probably be highly persistent in water. Due to
volatilization, most ammonia will disappear from aquatic
ecosystejns. in less than two days.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Both ammonia and nitrate will probably not accumulate in
edible tissues of aquatic species that are eaten by humans.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
-' - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aniline
GENERAL INFORMATION
Aniline (CAS No. 62-53-3) occurs naturally in coal-tars and
is used in the polymer, rubber, agricultural, and dye
industries. Important agricultural uses for aniline
derivatives include pesticides, repellants, and defoliants.
It can enter the environment through direct disposal and
indirect use, such as industrial discharges and non-point
sources from agricultural use.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Aniline has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and moderate
acute toxicity to birds. Aniline causes germination
decrease, stunting, and size decreases (among other effects)
on numerous agricultural crops. No data are available on the
short-term effects of aniline to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Aniline has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of aniline to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aniline is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aniline is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 93% of aniline will eventually end up in
-------
water;.about 6.5% will end up in the air; and less than 1%
will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments,
respectively.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some sufcfs'tances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of aniline found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of aniline in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
o-Anisidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Anisidine (CAS No. 90-04-0) is a yellowish liquid which
becomes brownish with exposure to air. It is used to make
azo dyes. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
o-Anisidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and
moderate-to-high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of o-Anisidine to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
o-Anisidine has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of o-Anisidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
o-Anisidine is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
o-Anisidine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 97% of o-Anisidine will eventually end up in
water; about 2.8% will end up in air; and the rest will be
-------
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
RTQACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living' oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of o-Anisidine found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
o-Anisidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE -Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Anisidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Anisidine (CAS No. 104-94-9) is a crystalline solid and one
of three isomers which collectively are used in the
manufacture of azo dyes. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
p.-Anisidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and
moderate-to-high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of p.-Anisidine to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
p_-Anisidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of p.-Anisidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
E-Anisidine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
p_-Anisidine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 84.4% of g-Anisidine will eventually end up
in water; about 15.5% will end up in air; and the rest will
be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemical^ .can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of g-Anisidine found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
p.-Anisidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
o-Anisidine hvdrochloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Anisidine hydrochloride (CAS No. 134-29-2) is an acidified
form of o-anisidine which is used to make azo dyes. o-
Anisidine hydrochloride may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
o-Anisidine hydrochloride will readily form o-anisidine and
hydrochloric acid in water. Fact sheets for o-anisidine (CAS
No. 90-04-0) and hydrochloric acid (CAS No. 7647-01-0) state
that o-anisidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life,
while hydrochloric acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Consequently, o-anisidine hydrochloride has moderate
acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of o-anisidine hydrochloride to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Based upon fact sheets for o-anisidine and hydrochloric acid,
o-anisidine hydrochloride has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects ofo-anisidine hydrochloride to
plants, birds, or land animals.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
o-Anisidine hydrochloride will react rapidly with water to
form o-anisidine and hydrochloric acid, and therefore will
not persist in water. Fact sheets are available for o-
anisidine and hydrochloric acid.
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BIOACCUMULATIQN IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs TJT'animals and humans.
o-Anisidine hydrochloride will react rapidly with water to
form o-anisidine and hydrochloric acid, and therefore will
not accumulate in aquatic organisms. Fact sheets are
available for o-anisidine and hydrochloric acid.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Anthracene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anthracene (CAS No. 120-12-7) is a naturally occurring
compound found in coal-tar and formed during the incomplete
combustion of organic compounds. It is one of the compounds
constituting the diverse class of compounds known as
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Its principal use
is in the manufacture of dyestuffs. Due to its widespread
occurrrence in nature and its use in the dye industries,
anthracene enter the environment from non-point sources, as
well as industrial and municipal discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Anthracene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to
birds. It showed no effect of corn root size or respiration
in one study. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of anthracene to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Anthracene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of anthracene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Anthracene is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of l
milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Anthracene is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 77.5% of of anthracene will eventually
end up in air; about 9.5% will end up in terrestrial soil;
about 9% in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in
the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of anthracene found in fish tissues is
expected to be much higher than the average concentration of
anthracene in the water from which the fish -as taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Antimony and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Antimony (CAS No. 7440-36-0) is an element which occurs
naturally in the environment as a component of certain
minerals. As antimony oxide, it is added to various
materials as a flame retardant. Antimony may occur in the
aquatic environment from natural weathering of mineral
formations, from mining and manufacturing effluents, and from
municipal wastes.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in cont'act with a toxic chemical substance.
Antimony has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the short-term effects of antimony to
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Antimony has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of antimony to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Antimony and its salts have solubilities in water ranging
from low to high.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Antimony is highly persistent in water with a half-life of
longer than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
-------
BIOACCUMULA.TION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oT' animals and humans.
The concentration of antimony found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
antimony in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Arsenic and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Arsenic (CAS No. 7440-38-2) is a naturally occurring element
which is used to make glass, cloth, and electrical
semiconductors. It is also commonly used in fungicides, wood
preservatives, growth stimulants for plants and animals, and
in veternary uses. Arsenic enters the environment mainly
from its use as a pesticide and from emissions from coal-
fueled power plants.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Arsenic metabolism and effects are significantly influenced
by the animal/plant tested, the route of administration, the
physical and chemical form of the arsenical, and the dose.
Inorganic arsenic compounds are more toxic than organic
arsenic compounds.
Arsenic has high acute toxicity to aquatic life, birds, and
land animals. Except where soil arsenic content is high
(around smelters and where arsenic-based pesticides have been
used heavily), arsenic does not accumulate in plants to toxic
levels. Where soil arsenic content is high, growth and crop
yields can be decreased.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Arsenic has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life, and
moderate chronic toxicity to birds and land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Arsenic and its salts have low solubility in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Arsenic is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
more than '200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount o.f .time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of arsenic found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of arsenic in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORr DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
FWS Biological Rpt 85(1.12); EPA rpt #EPA-
450/5-85-002
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Asbestos
GENERAL INFORMATION
Asbestos (CAS No. 1332-21-4) is a broad term applied to
numerous mineral silicate fibers. There are two major groups
of asbestos, the serpentine (chrysotile) and amphibole
groups. Chrysotile asbestos is the major type used to make
asbestos cement pipe, flooring products, paper products
(e.g., padding), friction materials (e.g., brake linings and
clutch facing), roofing products, and coating or patching
compounds.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen £wo to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Data are insufficient to determine if asbestos poses any
acute toxicity hazard to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Asbestos (fibers) can cause cancer if inhaled; birds or land
animals which inhale asbestos fibers could therefore develop
cancers or other long-term effects. Asbestos fibers which
are ingested (swallowed) are generally not toxic but are
passed through the digestive system.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Asbestos minerals are slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Asbestos fibers are highly persistent in water, with a half-
life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
-------
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded.
RTOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in livi«g- oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of asbestos found in fish tissues is
expected to be less than the average concentration of
asbestos in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Auramine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Auramine (CAS No. 492-80-8) is a chemical which as the
hydrochloride is used as a biological stain. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Auramine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and land
animals. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of auramine to plants or
birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Auramine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insuffficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of auramine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Auramine is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Auramine will react rapidly with water and therefore will not
accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-DulUth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Barium and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Barium (CAS No. 7440-39-3) is a yellowish-white solid which
exists in a variety of salt forms. Barium and its salts have
a wide variety of appolications, including uses in nuclear
reactors, electronic tubes, as additives in lubricating oils,
in the manufacture of pyrotechnics and explosives, in tanning
and finishing leathers, as a mordant for fabrics and dyes, in
electroplating, aluminum refining, and rubber manufacture;
and in the production of paints and enamels. Barium may
enter the environment from industrial and municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERMI ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Barium and its salts have moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of barium or its salts to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Barium and its salts have moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of barium or its salts to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Most of the barium salts are either highly or moderately
soluble in water. Concentrations of 1 to 1,000 milligrams
and more will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Barium is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded^, .
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of barium found in fish tissues is expected
to be about the same as the average concentration of
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzal chloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzal chloride (CAS No. 98-87-3) is a colorless liquid with
an aromatic odor. It is used to make other chemicals, with
the largest use being benzaldehyde production. It may enter
the environment from manufacturing effluents or from spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzal chlorid^ has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the short-term toxicity of benzal
chloride to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzal chloride has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. No data are available on the long-term effects of
benzal chloride to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzal chloride is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzal chloride is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 93% of benzal chloride will eventually
end up in air; about 5% will end up in water; and about 0.6%
will end up in terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments,
respectively.
-------
RTOACCUMULA.TION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oF'animals and humans.
The concentration of benzal chloride found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of benzal chloride in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U..S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzamide (CAS No. 55-21-0) is a crystalline solid used as an
intermediate in th synthesis of other organic chemicals. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzamide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injury to agricultural crops. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
benzamide to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzamide has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of benzamide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzamide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzamide is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.9% of benzamide will eventually end up in
water; the rest will be divided about equally among air,
terrestrial soils, and aquatic sediments.
-------
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicaLe. can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of benzamide found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
benzamide in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2) is produced from coal and is used
to make medicinal chemicals, dyes, and many other organic
compounds. It is also used to make artificial leather,
linoleum, oil cloth, varnishes and lacquers. Benzene can
enter the environment mostly from industrial effluents.
ACUTE ("SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It can
cause death in plants and roots and membrane damage in leaves
of various agricultural crops. No data are available on the
short-term effects of benzene on birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of benzene on plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzene is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.5% of benzen will eventually end up in
air; the rest will end up in the water.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals* can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of benzene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of benzene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
SARA. 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzidine and its salts
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzidine (CAS No. 92-87-5) is a manufactured chemical used
to make dyes and as a chemical reagent in analytical
chemistry. Benzidine readily forms salts of various elements
in water. It enters the environment in manufacturing
effluents.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Behzidine and its salts have moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. No data are available on the short-term
effects of benzidine and its salts on plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzidine and its salts have moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. No data are available on the long-term effects
of benzidine and its salts on plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzidine and its salts are moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzidine is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.3% of benzidine will eventually end up in
water; 0.3% will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic
sediments, respectively.
-------
RTOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicalB' can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of benzidine found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
benzidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Benzoouinone
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Benzoquinone (CAS No. 106-51-4) is a yellow crystalline
solid with a penetrating chlorine-like odor. It is used as
an oxidizing agent, in photography, in the manufacture of
dyes and hydroquinone, in tanning hides, in making gelatin
insoluble, in strengthening animal fibers, and as a chemical
reagent. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
E-Benzoquinone has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and
moderate-to high acute toxicity to land animals.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of E-Benzoquinone to plants or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
E-Benzoquinone has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of £>-benzoquinone to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
E-Benzoquinone is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
E-Benzoquinone is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. Virtually 100% of j)~Benzoquinone will end up
in water.
BIOACCUMULATION .IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of E~Benzoquinone found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
E-Benzoquinone in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/mammals
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
_, . Office of Toxic Substances
Benzotrichloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzotrichloride (CAS No. 98-07-7) is a colorless, oily
liquid with a pungent odor. It is used as an intermediate in
the production of other chemicals, such as benzoyl chloride,
benzotrifluoride, dyes, and ultraviolet light stabilizers.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzotrichloride has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
benzotrichloride to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzotrichloride has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of benzotrichloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzotrichloride is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzotrichloride is non-persistent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 98% of benzotrichloride will eventually end
-------
up in air; and about 0.7%, respectively, will end up in
water, terrestrial soil, and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMUIATION. IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of benzotrichloride found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of benzotrichloride in the water from which the
fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzovl chloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzoyl chloride (CAS No. 98-88-4) is a colorless liquid with
a sharp, penetrating odor. It is used as an intermediate in
the synthesis of organic chemicals leading to the development
of various products, including dyes, resins, perfumes,
Pharmaceuticals, and polymers. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzoyl chloride has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of benzoyl chloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzoyl chloride has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of benzoyl chloride to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzoyl chloride is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzoyl chloride will react rapidly with water and therefore
will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
-------
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzovl peroxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzoyl peroxide (CAS No. 94-36-0) is a crystalline solid
produced in large volumes. It serves the chemical industry
in the initiation of free-radical reactions in the formation
of plastic and resin polymers. It is also used to bleach
flour and oils. Benzoyl peroxide may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants.
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acutef short-term effects of benzoyl peroxide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of benzoyl peroxide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzoyl peroxide is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzoyl peroxide will react rapidly with water and therefore
will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzvl butyl ester phthalic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Benzyl butyl ester phthalic acid (BBP) [CAS No. 85-68-7] is a
liquid, used principally as a plasticizer to make polyvinyl-
chloride (PVC) products. It enter the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges, leaching from landfills,
and spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Benzyl butyl ester phthalic acid has moderate acute toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the short-term effects of BBP to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Benzyl buty ester phthalic acid has moderate chronic toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the long-term effects of BBP to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Benzyl butyl ester phthalic acid is moderately soluble in
water. Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will
mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Benzyl butyl ester phthalic acid will not react with water;
it is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life between
2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of benzyl butyl ester phthalic acid found
.in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the
average concentration of BBP in the water from which the fish
was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Beryllium and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Beryllium (CAS No. 7440-41-7) is a gray, light metal with
chemical properties similar to aluminum. It is used to make
light alloys, in nuclear reactors, in radio tube parts, in
aerospace structures, and in inertial guidance systems. The
major source of beryllium in the environment is burning
fossil fuels, some of which may enter the aquatic environment
through atmospheric fallout. Beryllium may also enter the
aquatic environment through the weathering of rocks and
soils, and through discharges from industrial and municipal
operations.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Beryllium is more toxic in soft water than in hard water.
Beryllium and its compounds have high acute toxicity to
aquatic life. No data are available on the short-term
effects of beryllium on plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Beryllium and its compounds are considered to have high
chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data are available on
the long-term effects of beryllium on plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Beryllium is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSTSTFMrK IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Beryllium is highly persistent in water with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of beryllium found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of beryllium in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Biphenyl
GENERAL INFORMATION
Biphenyl (CAS No. 92-52-4) is a white or slightly yellow
crystalline solid. Its major uses are in the production of
heat-transfer fluids and dye carriers for textile dyeing.
Lesser uses are as a mold retardant in citrus fruit wrappers,
in formation of plastics, optical brighteners, and hydraulic
fluids. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Biphenyl has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life,
moderate-to-high acute toxicity to land animals, and high
acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of biphenyl to
plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Biphenyl has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of biphenyl to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Biphenyl is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Biphenyl is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
-------
degraded. About 59% of biphenyl will eventually end up in
air; about 15.6% will end up in water; and the rest will be
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of biphenyl found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of biphenyl in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds; eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bisf2-chloroethvl) ether
GENERAL INFORMATION
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (CAS No. 111-44-4) is one of several
chloroalkyl ethers. It is a colorless liquid used to make
glycol products, rubber, and insecticides; as a solvent for
fats, waxes, and greases; as a scouring agent for textiles;
and as a pesticide. It may enter the environment through
industrial effluents, spills, and possible from chlorination
of water.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. -Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It can kill or injure plants. No data are available
on the short-term effects of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether on
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a'toxic chemical.
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. No data are available on the long-term effects
of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
-------
the chemical to be degraded. About 91.5% of bis(2-
chloroethyl) ether will eventually end up in water; the rest
will end up in the air.
BIQACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some sube-tances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bis-fchloromethvl)ether
GENERAL INFORMATION '
Bis-(chloromethyl)ether (CAS No. 542-88-1) is a colorless
liquid with a suffocating odor. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of bis-(chloromethyl)ether to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of bis-(chloromethyl)ether to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Bis-(chloromethyl)ether is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Bis-(chloromethyl)ether is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 84% of bis-(chloromethyl)-
ether will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in
the water.
-------
RTOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of bis-(chloromethyl)ether found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of bis-(chloromethyl)ether in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bisf2-chloro-l-methvlethvl) ether
GENERAL INFORMATION
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether [CAS No. 108-60-1] is a
liquid which emits highly toxic fumes on heating. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether has slight acute toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the short-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether has slight chronic toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 ...illigrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether is slightly persistent in
water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded. About 53.3% of bis(2-
chloro-1-onethylethyl) ether will eventually end up in air;
about 46.3% will end up in water; and the rest will be
-------
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in liv£h'g oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether found
in fish tissues is expected to be about the same as the
average concentration of this chemical in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bromomethane (methyl bromideV
GENERAL INFORMATION
Bromomethane (CAS No. 74-83-9) is a colorless, nonflammable
gas which is usually odorless. However, at high concentra-
tions, it has a sweetish, chloroform-like odor. It is used
as an insect fumigant for mills, warehouses, vaults, ships
and freight cars; as a soil fumigant; as a fire extinguisher
and refrigerant; and for degreasing wool. Bromomethane may
enter the environment from industrial and municipal
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Bromomethane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
has caused injuries, including necrotic lesions and
germination decreases in several agricultural and ornamental
crops. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of bromomethane to birds or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
*
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Bromomethane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of bromomethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Bromomethane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DTSTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Bromomethane is non-persistent in water, due to
volatilization, with a half-life of less than 2 days. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 99.6% of
bromomethane will eventually end up in air; the rest will end
up in the water.
BIQACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of bromomethane found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
bromomethane in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUP'PORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1.3-Butadiene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,3-Butadiene (CAS No. 106-99-0) is a colorless gas produced
by the petrochemical industry and used in the manufacture of
synthetic rubber. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,3-Butadiene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,3-butadiene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,3-Butadiene has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 1,3-butadiene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Butadiene is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Butadiene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
Virtually all of 1,3-butadiene will end up in the air.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 1,3-butadiene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 1,3-butadiene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1-Butanol
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-Butanol (CAS No. 71-36-3) is a clear, colorless liquid. It
is used in the coatings industry for the production of
lacquers and latexes, as an intermediate in the manufacture
of certain plastics, as a solvent for oils, drugs, and
perfumes, as an ingredient in perfumes and flavors, and in
formulating automobile brake fluids. It may enter the
environment from industrial or municipal waste treatment
plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1-Butanol has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life and
birds. It has caused various adverse effects in agricultural
and ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 1-butanol to
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1-Butanol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 1-butanol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1-Butanol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1-Butanol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
-------
amount 'of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 76.5% of 1-butanol will eventually end up in
water; the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 1-butanol found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
1-butanol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Butanone (CAS No. 78-93-3) is a colorless, highly flammable
liquid with a pleasant, slightly aromatic odor. It is used
as a solvent for nitrocellulose, coating systems, lacquers,
adhesives, rubber cement, printing inks, paint removers, and
cleaning solutions. It is also used in refining lubricating
oils, in vegetable-oil extraction processes. 2-Butanone may
enter the environment through industrial effluents, municipal
waste treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute- toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Butanone has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the short-term effects of 2-Butanone on
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Butanone has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of 2-butanone on
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Butanone is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Butanone is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 59% of 2-Butanone will eventually end up in
air; the rest will end up in the water.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ofc. animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-Butanone found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
2-Butanone in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Butyl acrvlate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Butyl acrylate (CAS No. 141-32-2) is a liquid at room
temperature with a boiling point of 35°C. It is used to make
polymers and resins for textile or leather finishes and paint
formulations. Butyl acrylate may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in,contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Butyl acrylate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
butyl acrylate to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Butyl acrylate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effectsof butyl acrylate to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Butyl acrylate is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Butyl acrylate is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 98% of butyl acrylate will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
-------
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of butyl acrylate found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of butyl acrylate in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
sec-Butvl alcohol (2-butanoll
GENERAL INFORMATION
sec-Butyl alcohol (CAS No. 78-92-2) is a clear, colorless
liquid. Almost the entire production of this chemical is
converted to methyl ethyl ketone, which is used extensively
as a solvent for a variety of applications. It is also used
in solvent mixtures for enamels and lacquers, hydraulic brake
fluids, cleaning compounds, paint removers and in the
manufacture of other chemicals. It may enter the environment
from industrial or municipal waste treatment plant discharges
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
sec-Butyl alcohol has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused root size decrease, fruit membrane damage and
abnormal pigmentation, and cell size and number decrease in
various agricultural and ornamental crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of sec-Butyl alcohol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC rLONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
sec-Butyl alcohol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of sec-Butyl alcohol to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
sec-Butyl alcohol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PFPgTgrrTTMCR TN THE ENVIRONMENT
sec-Butyl alcohol is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to b« degraded. About 55% of sec-Butyl alcohol will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of sec-Butyl alcohol found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of sec -Butyl alcohol in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
tert-Butvl Alcohol
GENERAL INFORMATION
tert-Butvl alcohol (CAS No. 75-65-0) is a clear, colorless
liquid. It is used to make other chemicals and as an
important raw material to prepare artificial musk in
synthetic perfumes. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
tert-Butyl alcohol has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of tert-butyl alcohol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
tert-Butyl alcohol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of tert-butyl alcohol to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
tert-Butyl alcohol is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
tert-Butyl alcohol is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 72.7% of tert-butyl alcohol
-------
will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the
water.
RTQACCUMUIATIQN IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living" oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of tert-butyl alcohol found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of tert-butyl alcohol in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
l.2-Butvlene oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Butylene oxide (CAS No. 106-88-7) is a liquid used mainly
as an acid scavenger for chlorine-containing materials such
as trichloroethylene, and as a deterrent of container
corrosion in the preparation of vinyl chloride and copolymer
resin solutions. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,2-butylene oxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 1,2-butylene oxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-Butylene oxide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Butylene oxide is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 77% of 1,2-butylene oxide
will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the
water.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AOTTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of,animals and humans.
The concentration of 1,2-butylene oxide found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of 1,2-butylene oxide in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
ButyraIdehvde
GENERAL INFORMATION
Butyraldehyde (CAS No. 123-72-8) is a flammable liquid. It
is used as a chemical intermediate to make plasticizers,
rubber accelerators, synthetic resins, and solvents.
Butyraldehyde may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills,
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Butyraldehyde has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of butyraldehyde to plants, birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL JIFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Butyraldehyde has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of butyraldehyde to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Butyraldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Butyraldehyde is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 88% of butyraldehyde will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs af animals and humans.
The concentration of butyraldehyde found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
butyraldehyde in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cadmium and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cadmium (CAS No. 7440-43-9) is a naturally occurring element
used in metal alloys, electroplating, process engraving,
photoelectric cells and in nickel-cadmium electrical storage
batteries. Cadmium enters the environment primarily through
industrial effluents and landfill leaching.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
In fresh waters, cadmium toxicity is influenced by water
hardness - the harder the water, the lower the toxicity.
Cadmium has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data are
available on the short-term effects of cadmium on plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cadmium has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of cadmium to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Cadmium is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cadmium is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
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BTQACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of cadmium found in fish tissues is
expected to be much higher than the average concentration of
cadmium in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
•U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Calcium cvanamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Calcium cyanamide (CAS No. 156-62-7) is a white powder in
pure form and a grayish-black powder in the commercial grade.
It is used as a fertilizer, defoliant, and pesticide, as well
as in the manufacture, and refining of iron, and in the
manufacture of calcium cyanide, melamine, and dicyandiamide.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges,
agricultural runoff, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Calcium cyanamide has caused germination decrease in
agricultural crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of calcium
cyanamide to aquatic organisms, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of calcium cyanamide to aquatic organisms,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Calcium cyanamide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Calcium cyanamide is non-volatile, so very little will occur
in air. In acid solutions and in most soils, it hydrolyzes
to urea. It also produces hydrogen cyanamide in moist soils.
In pure water or alkaline solutions, it may polymerize to
-------
dicyandiaroide. Thus, it would appear to be of limited
environmental persistence.
BIOACCUMUIATIQN TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
bioaccumulation of calcium cyanamide in aquatic organisms.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
.. .U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Captan
GENERAL INFORMATION
Captan (CAS No. 133-06-2) is a pesticide. Its main uses are
as an agricultural fungicide and a bacterial retardant in
soap. It may enter the environment by runoff from
agricultural lands.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. -Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Captan has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and birds, and
can cause injury to plants. No data are available on the
short-term effects of captan to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Captan has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of captan to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Captan is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Captan is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 97% of captan will eventually end up in
water; about 1.5%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial
soil and aquatic sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATION^IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of captan found in fish tissues is expected
to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
captan in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Terretox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbarvl
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carbaryl (SevinR) [CAS No. 63-25-2] is a widely used
synthetic insecticide. It is a broad spectrum contact
insecticide registered on more than 100 crops. Carbaryl is a
white cyrstalline solid. It may enter the environment from
agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a-toxic chemical substance.
Carbaryl has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and birds.
It is highly-to-moderately toxic, acutely, to land animals.
It has caused death and injuries of various kinds to
agricultural and ornamental crops.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Carbaryl has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of carbaryl to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Carbaryl is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of 1
to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Carbaryl is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 95% of carbaryl will eventually end up in
water; about 1% will end up in air; and slightly less than
-------
2%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soils and in
aquatic sediments.
RTQACCUMUIATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of carbaryl found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of carbaryl in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds; eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbon disulfide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carbon disulfide (CAS No. 75-15-0) is a clear, colorless,
flammable liquid which is heavier than water. It is used to
make regenerated cellulose fibers and films, in the
preparation of various organic sulfur compounds, as a raw
material in making carbon tetrachloride, and as a solvent.
It may enter the environment from industrial effluents and
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Carbon disulfide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the short-term effects of carbon
disulfide to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Carbon disulfide has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the long-term effects of carbon
disulfide to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Carbon disulfide is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Carbon disulfide is non-persistent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.8% of carbon disulfide will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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RTOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ofc>animals and humans.
The concentration of carbon disulfide found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of carbon disulfide in the water from which the
fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbon tetrachloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5) is a clear, colorless,
nonflammable liquid which is heavier than water. It is used
as a fire extinguisher, a solvent, a starting material to
make many organic compounds, as an insecticide, and for
cleaning clothes. Carbon tetrachloride may enter the
environment from industrial effluents, municipal treatment
plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute1 toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Carbon tetrachloride has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the short-term effects of carbon
tetrachloride on plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a'toxic chemical.
Carbon tetrachloride has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. No data are available on the long-term effects of
carbon tetrachloride on plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Carbon tetrachloride is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Carbon tetrachloride is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
-------
be degraded. About 99.9% of carbon tetrachloride will
eventually end up in air.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living- oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of carbon tetrachloride found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of carbon tetrachloride in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbonvl sulfide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Carbonyl sulfide (CAS No. 463-58-1) is a gas, used in to make
carbonate chemicals which are used in many organic syntheses
such as the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals, solvents,
agricultural chemicals, dyestuffs, and optical safety
eyewear. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of carbonyl sulfide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
logn-term, chronic effects of carbonyl sulfide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Carbonyl sulfide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Carbonyl sulfide is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. Carbonyl sulfide is very volatile
and reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide and
hydrogen sulfide. Due to its volatility, most carbonyl
sulfide will escape to the air.
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BIOACCUMULATION IK AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of carbonyl sulfide found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of carbonyl sulfide in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Catechol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Catechol (CAS No. 120-80-9) is a crystalline solid.
Important uses inlcude fur dyeing, leather tanning,
photographic developing, and manufacture of perfumes,
Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and polymerization inhibitors.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Catechol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of catechol to
plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Catechol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of catechol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Catechol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Catechol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.6% of catechol will eventually end up in
water; the rest will end up in the air.
Material belongs to:
Office of Toxic Substances Library
U.S. En • ; :--Mi Protection Agency
401 M;;.u;c;, .-.vV. TS-793
Washi::ctor,.D.C. 20460
(202)382-3944 .„. ;,^i
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RTQACCUMUIATION IN AOUATT^ ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals, can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of catechol found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
catechol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloramben
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloramben (CAS No. 133-90-4) is an herbicide with the trade
names, Amiben OS and Ornamental Weeder. It is a solid, used
to control weeds in soybeans, dry beans, peantus, sunflowers,
corn, sweet potatoes, lima beans, seedling asparagus, squash,
pumpkins, tomatoes, peppers, and ornamentals. It may enter
the environment in runoff from fields, from spills, or
industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chloramben has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. As
an herbicide, Chloramben has been shown to cause injury of
various kinds to numerous agricultural and ornamental crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chloramben to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chloramben has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Chloramben to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloramben is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloramben is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. About 97% of chloramben will eventually end
up in water; about 0.8% will end up in air; and the rest will
be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chloramben found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chloramben in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlordane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chlordane (CAS No. 57-74-9) is an insecticide of the
polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbon class of pesticides. It
is a broad spectrum insecticide used to control insects
around the home, in gardens, in agricultural crops such as
corn and for termite control. Chlordane use has stopped
since 1980 in the U.S.A. for uses other than termite control.
Because of its widespread general usage in the past, and
present usage in areas where termites are treated, Chlordane
enters the environment in agricultural and residential
runoff.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chlordane has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Chlordane
has caused injury and germination decrease in various
agricultural and ornamental crops. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
chlordane to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chlordane has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of chlordane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chlordane is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1
milligram and less will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chlordane is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 50.7% of chlordane will eventually end up in
terrestrTal soil; about 47.3% will end up in aquatic
sediments; the rest will end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chlordane found in fish tissues is
expected to be considerably higher than the average
concentration of chlordane in the water from which the fish
was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorinated fluorocarbon fFreon 113)
GENERAL INFORMATION
The chlorinated fluorocarbon, Freon 113 (CAS No. 76-13-1) is
a liquid at room temperature. It is used as a solvent and
degreasing agent in the aerospace and electronics industry,
in the synthesis of fluorovinyl compounds, and in the
production of rigid polyurethane foam. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Freon 113 has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Freon 113 to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a-toxic chemical.
Freon 113 has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Freon 113 to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Freon 113 is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Freon 113 is non-persistent in water, due to volatilization,
with a half-life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. Virtually 100% of Freon 113 will
end up in the air.
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BIQACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC QPftANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs 5f animals and humans.
The concentration of Freon 113 found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of Freon 113 in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chlorine (CAS No. 7782-50-5) is a natural element of common
occurrence. It is produced as a gas to be used extensively
as a fabric bleach, for purifying water, for disinfecting,
and for making synthetic rubber, plastics, and a large number
of chlorinated chemicals. Discharges of chlorine to water
are common because it is used to disinfect effluents, to
control fouling organisms in cooling water systems, and in
various industrial processes, particularly in the food and
paper industries.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chlorine has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the short-term effects of chlorine on
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chlorine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of chlorine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chlorine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chlorine is non-persistent in water with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
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RTOACCUMUIATION TN ASTATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oj; animals and humans.
Chlorine is not expected to accumulate in fish tissues.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloroacetic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloroacetic acid (CAS No. 79-11-8) is a white crystalline
solid. It is used as an intermediate to make other
chemicals, and may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
' effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chloroacetic acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused death and injury to several agricultural and
ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of Chloroacetic
acid to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chloroacetic acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of Chloroacetic acid to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloroacetic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloroacetic acid is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 97% of Chloroacetic acid will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMUIATION TM aflTTATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs «f animals and humans.
The concentration of chloroacetic acid found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of chloroacetic acid in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Chloroacetophenone
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Chloroacetophenone (CAS No. 532-27-4) is a crystalline
solid with "tear-producing" (lacrimatory) properties. It is
used as a chemical warfare agent, where it is referred to as
CN, and it also is a principal ingredient of the riot control
gas, "mace." It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, runoff following use, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Chloroacetophenone has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 2-chloroacetophenone to plants,
birds, or land animals. Given its use as a chemical warfare
agent, however, it could well cause acute toxicity to both
birds and land animals exposed to it.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Chloroacetophenone has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2-chloroacetophenone to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Chloroacetophenone is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Chloroacetophenone is moderately persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
-------
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 93.8% of 2-chloroacetophenone
will eventually end up in water; about 4% will end up in air;
and the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMUIAglON IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
.in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-chloroacetophenone found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of 2-chloroacetophenone in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chlorobenzene (CAS No. 108-90-7) is a manufactured chemical.
It is used as a feedstock to produce ortho- and para-
nitrochlorobenzenes, phenols, DDT, and aniline; as a solvent
for paints; and as a heat transfer medium. Chlorobenzene
enters the environment from industrial and municipal
discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chlorobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Chlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. About 99.25% of chlorobenzene will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
RTQACCUMUIATION TM AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chlorobenzene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chlorobenzene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chlorobenzene (CAS No. 108-90-7) is a manufactured chemical.
It is used as a feedstock to produce ortho- and para-
nitrochlorobenzenes, phenols, DDT, and aniline; as a solvent
for paints; and as a heat transfer medium. Chlorobenzene
enters the environment from industrial and municipal
discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chlorobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Chlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. About 99.25% of chlorobenzene will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
RTnACCUMUIATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chlorobenzene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chlorobenzene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloroethane (ethvl chloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloroethane (CAS No. 75-00-3) is a flammable gas at ordinary
temperature and pressure, and a mobile, volatile liquid at
temperatures below 12.4 C or increased pressure. It is used
mainly to make tetraethyllead, the antiknock additive to
motor fuel. It also serves as an ethylating agent, solvent,
refrigerant, and anesthetic. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chloroethane has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
has caused respiration and germination increases in potatoes.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chloroethane to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chloroethane has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Chloroethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloroethane is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloroethane is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
-------
About 99.8% of chloroethane will eventually end up in air;
the rest will end up in the water.
RTQACCUMUIATIQN Tp AflTTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chloroethane found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
chloroethane in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
™ Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloroethylene (CAS No. 75-01-4) is a highly flammable
chemical which exists as a gas at room temperature. It is
used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which in turn is widely
used to make plastics. It may enter the environment through
industrial effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Data are insufficient to determine if vinyl chloride poses
any acute toxicity hazards to aquatic life. No data are
available on the short-term effects of vinyl chloride on
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Data are insufficient to determine if vinyl chloride poses
any chronic toxicity hazards to aquatic life. No data are
available on the long-term effects of vinyl chloride on
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Vinyl chloride is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Vinyl chloride is non-persistent in water. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 99.9% of vinyl chloride
will eventually end up in air.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AOUA^Tr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs o£,animals and humans.
The concentration of vinyl chloride found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
vinyl chloride in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloroform
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3) is a clear, colorless,
nonflammable liquid which is heavier than water. It is used
as a solvent, a cleansing agent, and in fire extinguishers to
lower the freezing point of carbon tetrachloride. It has
also been used as an anesthetic. Chloroform may enter the
environment from industrial effluents, municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fi'sh, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chloroform has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Chloroform has caused damage to various plants, including
brittleness in roots and chromosomal damage. No data are
available on the short-term effects of chloroform on birds or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. CKronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chloroform has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of chloroform to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloroform is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloroform is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
-------
About 99.67% of chloroform will eventually end up in air; the
rest will end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AOUATir ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living -oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chloroform found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chloroform in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloromethvl methyl ether (technical grade)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloromethyl methyl ether (CAS No. 107-30-2) is one of
several chloroalkyl ethers. It is a colorless liquid which
is used as an intermediate to make other organic chemicals,
in the treatment of textiles, to make polymers and
insecticides, and in the preparation of ion-exchange resins.
It may enter the environment from industrial effluents or
spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute- toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Data are insufficient to evaluate or predict the acute
toxicity of chloromethyl methyl ether to aguatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Data are insufficient to evaluate or predict the long-term
effects of chloromethyl methyl ether to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloromethyl methyl ether is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloromethyl methyl ether is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 91% of chloromethyl methyl
-------
ether will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in
the water.
RTQACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living -oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chloromethyl methyl ether found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the Average
concentration of chloromethyl methyl ether in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloroorene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chloroprene (CAS No. 126-99-8) is a colorless, volatile
liquid used to make synthetic elastomer rubbers. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chloroprene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chloroprene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes, in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chloroprene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Chloroprene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chloroprene is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chloroprene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.25% of Chloroprene will eventually end up in air;
the rest will end up in the water.
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RTOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals, can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oT animals and humans.
The concentration of chloroprene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chloroprene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S., EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
3-Chloropropene (allvl chloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
3-Chloropropene (CAS No. 107-05-1) is a colorless liquid with
a pungent odor. It serves as the parent compound for a
number of derivatives, including a variety of resins,
polymers, medicinal chemicals, agricultural chemicals, and
metal plating solutions. It may enter the environment from
idnustrial effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
3-Chloropropene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the short-term effects of 3-
Chloropropene to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
3-Chloropropene has moderate chhronic toxicity to aquatic
life. No data are available on the long-term effects of 3-
Chloropropene to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
3-Chloropropene is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3-Chloropropene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99.3% of 3-Chloropropene will eventually end
up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATIQN TN AQUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals 'can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 3-Chloropropene found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
3-Chloropropene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorothalonil
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chlorothalonil (CAS No. 1897-45-6) is a white crystalline
fungicide with several trade names, including Bravo, Daconil,
and Exotherm Termil. It is used to control fungi on a wide
variety of agricultural, vegetable, and fruit crops, as well
as in turf, conifers, and ornamentals. It may enter the
environment as runoff from agricultural crops and soils, as
spills, or from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chlorothalonil has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Chlorothalonil to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chlorothalonil has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluat or predict the
long-term effects of Chlorothalonil to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Chlorothalonil is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chlorothalonil is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 47.25% of Chlorothalonil will
-------
eventually end up in water; about 27% will end up in
terrestrial soils; about 25% in aquatic sediments; and the
rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chlorothalonil found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chlorothalonil in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox ("D" study)
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
a-Chlorotoluene (benzylchloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
a-Chlorotoluene (CAS No. 100-44-7) is a colorless liquid with
a pungent odor. Its vapors are irritating to the eyes and
mucous membranes. It is isued in the production of other
chemicals, with the major use in the manufacture of certain
plastics. It may enter the environment from industrial
effluents or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, arid death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
a-Chlorotoluene has moderat acute toxicity to aguatic life.
No data are available on the short-term effects of a-
Chlorotoluene on plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
(
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
a-Chlorotoluene has moderate chronic toxicity to aguatic
life. Not data are available on the long-term toxicity of
styrene to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
a_-Chlorotoluene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
a-Chlorotoluene is sightly persistent in the environment,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. The chemical properties of a-
Chlorotoluene indicate that about 93% will enter the air;
about 7% will end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATTDM IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs o€- animals and humans.
The concentration of a-Chlorotoluene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of a-Chlorotoluene in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
-• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chromium and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chromium (CAS No. 7440-47-3) is a steel-gray lustrous metal
used to make chrome-steel or stainless steel, and for chrome-
plating of other metals. Chromium exists mainly in the 3+
(III) or 6+ (VI) oxidation states in natural bodies of water,
and each form can be converted to the other form under
appropriate environmental conditions. Chromium may enter the
environment in effluents from metalplating industries or in
municipal waste treatment plant discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Chromium is more toxic insoft water than in hard water.
Chromium (VI) has high acute toxicity to aquatic life, and
chromium (III) has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
No data are available on the short-term effects of chromium
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chromium (III) and chromium (VI) both have high chronic
toxicity to aquatic life. No data are available on the long-
term effects of chromium to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Water solubility of chromium and its salts ranges from low to
high.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chromium is highly persistent in water, with a half-lifts of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
-------
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living' oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of chromium found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of chromium in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Acid Blue 9. Diammonium Salt
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt (CAS No. 2650-18-2) is a
solid chemical used as a colorant in the food, drug, and
cosmetic industries. It may enter the environment from
industrial or municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium
salt to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term, chronic effects of C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium
salt to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt is moderately persistent in
water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded.
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BIOACCUMUIATIQN TN AQTTATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in conce: oration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ot'animals and humans.
The concentration of c.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt found
in fish tissues is expected to be lower than the average
concentration of C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt in the
water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Acid Blue 9. disodium salt
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt (CAS No. 3844-45-9) is a
solid chemical used as a colorant in the food, drug, and
cosmetic industries to impart bluish-green shades to
products. It may enter the environment from industrial and
municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt
to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term, chronic effects of C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt
to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt is moderately persistent in
water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded.
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BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs 6"f animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt found in
fish tissues is expected to be lower than the average
concentration of C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt in the water
from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
c.i. Acid Green 3
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Acid Green 3 (CAS No. 4680-78-8) is a solid chemical
used in the dye industry, and is classed as a cancer suspect
agent. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
f
ACUTfi fSHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Acid Green 3 has moderate acute toxicity to land
animals. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of C.I. Acid Green 3 to
aquatic life, plants, or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a suspect cancer agent, C.I. Acid Green 3 may cause long-
term effects in land animals exposed to it. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term,
chronic effects of C.I. Acid Green 3 to aquatic life, plants,
or birds.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Acid Green 3 is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT v
C.I. Acid Green 3 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs dT animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Acid Green 3 found in fish tissues
is expected to be lower than the average concentration of
C.I. Acid Green 3 in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Basic Green 4
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Basic Green 4 (CAS No. 569-64-2) is a solid chemical
used as a bacteriological stain by the medical field and as a
prophylactic treatment in aquaculture. It may enter the
environment from industrial or municipal discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Basic Green 4 has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of C.I. Basic Green 4 to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Basic Green 4 has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of C.I. Basic Green 4 to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Basic Green 4 is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Basic Green 4 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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RTQACCUMULATION IN AQHATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Basic Green 4 found in fish tissues
is expected to be lower than the average concentration of
C I. Basic Green 4 in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Basic Red 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Basic Red 1 (CAS No. 989-38-8) is a solid chemical and
powerful dye suitable for use as a laser dye. It is used to
make red, yellow, and pink shades of color. It is considered
a cancer suspect agent. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of C.I. Basic Red 1 to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a suspect cancer agent, C.I. Basic Red 1 may cause long-
term, chronic effects in land animals exposed to it.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of C.I. Basic Red 1 to aquatic life,
plants, or birds.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Basic Red 1 is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Basic Red 1 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUAT^ ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oT' animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Basic Red 1 found in fish tissues
is expected to be lower than the average concentration of
C.I. Basic Red 1 in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 (CAS No. 2832-40-8) is a solid
chemical used in the dye industry. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 90% of C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
will eventually end up in water; the rest will be divided
about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQTTATTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemical^, can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of C.I. Disperse Yellow 3 in the water from
which the fish was takeni
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Food Red 5
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Food Red 5 (CAS No. 3761-53-5) is no longer used in
foods as it is a carcinogenic chemical. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of C.I. Food Red 5 to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a carcinogenic chemical, C.I. Food Red 5 may cause long-
term, chronic effects in land animals exposed to it.
Insufficient data are avail-able to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of C.I. Food Red 5 to aquatic life, plants,
or birds.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Food Red 5 is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Food Red 5 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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BIOACCUMULATION TM AQUATIC OPr,ANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccuraulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of'animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Food Red 5 found in fish tissues is
expected to be lower than the average concentration of C.I.
Food Red 5 in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Food Red 15
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Food Red 15 (CAS No. 81-88-9) is a chemical, with a
magenta color, used in the cosmetic, food, and drug
industries. It may enter the environment from industrial or
municipal discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of C.I. Food Red 15 to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term, chronic effects of C.I. Food Red 15 to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land .animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Food Red 15 is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Food Red 15 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
-------
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
organic? an^?C°mVenCentrated ln the tissues and internal
organs or animals and humans.
K °f "• F°°d Red 15 found in fish tissues
C I ool Red ?s -S iSWer _than the avera9e concentration of
C.I. Food Red 15 in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Solvent Orange 7 (CAS No. 3118-97-6) is a solid chemical
used in the dye industry. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Solvent Orange 7 has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of C.I. Solvent Orange 7 to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Solvent Orange 7 has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are .available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of C.I. Solvent Orange 7 to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Solvent Orange 7 is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Solvent Orange 7 is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 50.9% of C.I. Solvent Orange
7 will eventually end up in terrestrial soils; about 47.5%
will end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in
the water.
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BIOACCUMUIATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Solvent Orange 7 found in fish
tissues is expected to be considerably higher than the
average concentration of C.I. Solvent Orange ,7 in the water
from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 (CAS No. 97-56-3) is a solid chemical
used in the dye industry. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and land animals. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of C.I. Solvent
Yellow 3 to plants or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 is moderately persistent in water, with
a half-life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 44% of C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
will eventually end up in water; the rest will be divided
about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATIQM IN AQUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 found in fish
.tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
°S"CSn5v ati?nu °f C'1' Solvent Yellow 3 in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/mammaIs
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 (CAS No, 842-07-9) is a solid chemical
used in the dye industry. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life and moderate acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 40% of C.I Solvent Yellow 14
will eventually end up in terrestrial soils; about 37.5% will
end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in the
water.
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BIOACCUMULATION TN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. ' These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of c.l. Solvent Yellow 14 found in fish
tissues is expected to be much higher than the average
concentration of C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
C.I. Vat Yellow 4
GENERAL INFORMATION
C.I. Vat Yellow 4 (CAS No. 128-66-5) is a compound used in
the dye industry. it may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
C.I. Vat Yellow 4 has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of C.I. Vat Yellow 4 to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
C.I. Vat Yellow 4 has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of C.I. Vat Yellow 4 to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
C.I. Vat Yellow 4 is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
C.I. Vat Yellow 4 is highly persistent in water, with a half-
life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 50% of C.I. Vat Yellow 4 will eventually
end up in terrestrial soils; about 47& will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the water.
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BIOACCUMULATTQN TN AQTT&TTP ORGANISMS
fn nJJ^ • lncrease in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of -animals and humans. internal
The concentration of c.l. Vat Yellow 4 found in fish tissues
is expected to be much higher than the average concentration
of C.I. Vat Yellow 4 in the water from which the fish was
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cobalt and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cobalt (CAS No. 7440-48-4) is a natural element present in
certain ores of the earth's crust, and is essential to life
in trace amounts. It exists in the form of various salts.
Cobalt and its salts are used in nuclear medicine, enamels
and semiconductors, grinding wheels, painting on glass and
porcelain, hygrometers and electroplating; as a foam
stabilizer in beer, in vitamin 8^2 manufacture, as a drier
for lacquers, varnishes, and paints, and as a catalyst for
organic chemical reactions. It may enter the environment
from industrial and municipal discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cobalt and its salts have high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of cobalt and its salts to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cobalt and its salts have high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of cobalt and its salts to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
The water solubility of cobalt and its salts range from
highly soluble to practically insoluble.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PFPST.STENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cobalt and its salts are highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical^ to be degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of cobalt and its salts found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of cobalt in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Copper and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Copper (CAS No. 7440-50-8) is a commonly occurring element in
our natural water. At low concentrations it is an essential
element for both plants and animals. At slightly higher
concentrations it is toxic to aquatic life. The toxicity of
copper and its compounds to aquatic life varies with the
physical and chemical conditions of the water. Factors such
as water hardness, alkalinity and pH influence copper
toxicity.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute' toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Copper and it compounds have high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. No data are available on the short-term effects of
copper to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Copper and its compounds have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. No data are available on the long-term effects
of copper to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Copper and its salts are highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Copper is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
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BIOACCUMUIATI-QN_JN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food ' These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of.,animals and humans. internal
The concentration of copper found in fish tissues is expected
to be considerably higher than the average concentration of
copper in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Cresidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Cresidine (CAS No. 120-71-8) is a white crystalline solid
used to produce the dye FD & C Red 40. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
p_-Cresidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of p/-Cresidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
p_-Cresidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of p_-cresidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
p_-Cresidine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
p.-Cresidine is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 70.4% of p.-Cresidine will eventually
end up in water; about 29% will end up air; and the rest will
be divided about equally between terrstrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATTOM TM frOUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
«™ 5 °a? become concentrated in the tissues and internal1
organs ojf .animals and humans.
.r|K °f B-Cresidine found in fish tissues is
f?™?2- *S f?°Ut the same as the average concentration of
E-Cresidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Dulutn, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cresol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cresol (CAS No. 1319-77-3) is a mixture of three isomeric
cresols,, in which the m-isomer is predominant. It is a
liquid which may be colorless or colored yellow, brownish-
yellow or pink. It is used to make synthetic resins. Cresol
may enter the environment from industrial effluents or
spills.
ACUTE CSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cresol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the short-term effects of cresol to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cresol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No
data are available on the long-term effects of cresol to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Cresol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cresol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 56% of cresol will eventually end up in
water; about 42.7% in air; and about 0.6%, respectively, in
terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
"" " m-Cresol
GENERAL INFORMATION
jn-Cresol (CAS No. 108-39-4) is a colorless or yellowish
liquid with a phenolic odor. It is used in disinfectants and
fumigants, in photographic developers, and in explosives, m-
Cresol may enter the environment from industrial or municipal
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
in-Cresol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. It has caused germination decrease
in lettuce. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of i-cresol to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
S-Cresol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of m-cresol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
m-Cresol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
m-Cresol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 65.3% of Q-cresol will eventually end up in
water; about 33.4% will end up in air; and the rest will be
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
o-Cresol
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Cresol (CAS No. 95-48-7) is a crystalline solid at
temperatures up to 30°C, above which it is a yellowish
liquid. It has a phenolic odor, and darkens with exposure to
air and light. It is used as a disinfectant, solvent, and
food antioxidant; in the manufacture of dyes, perfumes,
herbicides, plastics and resins; in ore flotation, and as an
intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It may
enter the environment from industrial and municipal
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
o-Cresol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused germination decrease in lettuce. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of o-cresol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
o-Cresol has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of o-cresol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLDBILITY.
o-Cresol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
o-Cresol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Cresol
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Cresol (CAS No. 106-44-5) is a crystalline solid with a
phenolic odor, used as a disinfectant. It may enter the
environment from industrial or municipal discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
E-Cresol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds and land animals. It has caused
germination decreases in lettuce.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
E-Cresol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ]D-cresol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
E-Cresol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
E-Cresol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 59.6% of E~creso1 will eventually end up in
water; about 39% will end up in air; and the rest will be
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cumene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cumene (CAS No. 98-82-8) is a liquid petrochemical produced
mainly from benzene. Its major use is in the production of
phenol, acetone, and a-methylstyrene, all of which are
components in plastic resins. A minor use is as a component
in aviation gasoline to improve the octane rating. amene
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cumene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of cumene to
plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cumene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of cumene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Cumene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cumene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cumene hydroperoxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cumene hydroperoxide (CAS No. 80-15-9) is formed by the
oxidation of cumene in a basic medium. Cumene hydroperoxide
is used to make phenol and acetone by cleavage upon
acidification. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
Ai-UTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cumene hydroperoxide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of cumene hydroperoxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cumene hydroperoxide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of cumene hydroperoxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Insufficient data are available on the properties of cumene
hydroperoxide to estimate or predict its water solubility.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Insufficient data are available on the properties of cumene
hydroperoxide to estimate its distribution in the
environment. Limited data suggest that cumene hydroperoxide
will be moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cupferron
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cupferron (CAS No. 135-20-6) is a crystalline solid used as a
reagent for separating copper and iron from other metals, and
as a quantitative reagent for vanadium, titanium and
aluminum. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cupferron has high toxicity to birds. It has caused size
decrease and respiration decrease in agricultural crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of cupferron to aquatic life, plants, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term, chronic effects of cupferron to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Cupferron is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
In bodies of water, cupferron will form compounds with such
metals as aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc.
Cupferron and compounds formed with metals will decompose to
form nitrobenzene at higher temperatures, but not near
freezing. Cupferron and its compounds might sorb to solids
in the aquatic environment.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cyanides
GENERAL INFORMATION
Compounds containing the cyanide group [CN] (CAS No. 57-12-5)
are used and readily formed in many industrial processes and
can be found in a variety of effluents, such as those from
the steel, petroleum, plastics, synthetic fibers, metal
plating, mining, and chemical industries. It is generally
accepted thatr "free cyanide" is the toxic form and its
formation is mainly dependent upon water temperature and pH.
Conditions in most natural waters are right to produce the
toxic "free cyanide" form.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cyanides have high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to
birds and animals. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the acute toxicity of cyanides to
terrestrial plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cyanides are considered to have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the chronic toxicity of cyanides to plants, birds, or
land animals. \
WATER SOLUBILITY
Water solubility data are not available for cyanides.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cyanides are non-persistent in water with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cyclohexane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cyclohexane (CAS No. 110-82-7) is a volatile and flammable
liquid commonly used as a solvent for lacquers and resins; as
a paint and varnish remover; for extracting essential oils;
in the manufacturing of many other chemicals such as benzene,
adipic acid, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone; in the
manufacturing of solid fuel for camp stoves; and in
fungicidal formulations. Cyclohexane enters the environment
mainly in industrial and municipal discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish,- and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Cyclohexane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
has caused membrane damage in an ornamental crop species.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Cyclohexane to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Cyclohexane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Cyclohexane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLOBILITY
Cyclohexane is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Cyclohexane is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
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Decabromodiphenvl oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Decabromodiphenyl oxide (CAS No. 1163-19-5) is a solid
chemical, which is used as an additive flame retardant for
polymers such as polycarbonates, polyester resins,
polyolefins, ABS, polyamides, PVC, and rubber. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Decabromodiphenyl oxide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of decabromodiphenyl oxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Decabromodiphenyl oxide has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of decabromodiphenyl oxide to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Decabromodiphenyl oxide is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Decabromodiphenyl oxide is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 51% of decabromodiphenyl
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Diallate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diallate (CAS No. 2303-16-4) is a brown liquid chemical used
as a selective herbicide to control wild oats in agricultural
crops. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or agricultural runoff.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
* *
Diallate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Its
use as a selective herbicide indicates that it will be toxic
to at least certain types of plants. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
diallate to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Diallate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of diallate to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diallate is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diallate is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 57.25% of diallate will eventually end up
in water; about 15.5% will end up in terrestrial soils; about
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2.4-Diaminoanisole
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Diaminoanisole (CAS No. 615-05-4) is a solid chemical,
which is the methyl ether of compounds used in photographic
developers and dyes. It may enter the environment from
industrial or municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-Diaminoanisole has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2,4-diaminoanisole to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may .include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4-Diaminoanisole has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2,4-Diaminoanisole to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Diaminoanisole is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-Diaminoanisole is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. virtually 100% of 2,4-diamino-
anisole will end up in the water.
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2.4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate (CAS No. 39156-41-7) is a solid
chemical used in the dye industry. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate reacts with water to form
2,4-diaminoanisole (CAS No. 615-05-4) and sulfuric acid (CAS
No. 7664-93-9). Fact sheets are available for both of these
compounds.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate will react rapidly with water to
form 2,4-diaminoanisole and sulfuric acid. Virtually 100% of
2,4-diaminoanisole will end up in the water.
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4.4* —Diaminodiphenvl ether
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether (CAS No. 101-80-4) is a solid
chemical classed as an irritant and a cancer suspect agent.
It is used in the chemical polymer industry. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life and land animals. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
4,4"-diaminodiphenyl ether to plants or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 4,4'diaminodiphenyl ether to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 98% of 4,4'-
diaminodiphenyl ether will eventually end up in water; the
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Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diaminotoluene isomers (CAS No. 25376-45-8) are used to make
rubber and hair dyes, as well as for the polymerization
reactions. Diamintoluene may enter the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Diaminotoluene isomers have slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of diamintoluene isomers to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Diamintoluene isomers have moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of diamintoluene isomers to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diaminotoluene isomers are highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diamintoluene isomers are slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of betweenf 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 97.5% of diaminotoluene
isomers will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up
in the air.
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Diazomethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diazomethane (CAS No. 334-88-3) is a toxic, yellowish gas,
which is highly explosive. It is a powerful chemical
reagent, and is mainly used to add the methyl group to other
chemicals, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, and enols.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute (short-term) effects of diazomethane on aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic (long-term) effects of diazomethane to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diazomethane decomposes in water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diazomethane will react rapidly with water and therefore will
not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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Dibenzofuran
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dibenzofuran (CAS No. 132-64-9) is a solid which is formed
during incomplete combustion of coal and oil. It enters the
atmosphere in combustion exhausts and most likely enters the
aquatic environment from atmospheric fall-out.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dibenzofuran has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and
high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
dibenzofuran to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dibenzofuran has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of dibenzofuran to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dibenzofuran is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dibenzofuran is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 28% of dibenzofuran will eventually
end up in air; about 25% will end up in water; about 24.2%
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1.2-Dibromo-3-chloroproDane (DBCP)
GENERAL INFORMATION
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) [CAS No. 96-12-8] is a
brown liquid with a pungent odor. It is used as a soil
fumigant and nematocide. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, spills, and agricultural runoff or
leaching.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. DBCP has cause injury and germination decrease
in various ornamental and agricultural crops, as well as
germination increase and decrease in various weedy grasses.
DBCP has moderate to high acute toxicity to land animals.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of DBCP to birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
DBCP has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of DBCP to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLDBILITY
DBCP is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
DBCP is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 84.6% of DBCP will eventually end up in air;
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Dibromomethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dibromomethane [methylene bromide] (CAS No. 74-95-3) is a
clear, colorless liquid used to make other compounds, as a
solvent, and in gauge fluids. It may enter the environment
from industrial effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dibromomethane has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
The only data on plant effects indicate that dibromomethane
has no effect on potato tuber germination. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of dibromomethane to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dibromomethane has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of dibromomethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dibromomethane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dibromomethane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 96% of dibromomethane will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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1.2-Dibromometihane fethvlene dibromide1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Dibromomethane (ethylene dibromide) [CAS No. 106-93-4] is
a heavy liquid with an odor like chloroform. It is used as a
fumigant and as an anti-knock additive in gasoline. Ethylene
dibromide may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene dibromide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of ethylene dibromide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene dibromide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of ethylene dibromide to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene dibromide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethylene dibromide is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 91.6% of ethylene dibromide
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Dibutyl ester phthalic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dibutyl ester phthalic acid [dibutyl phthalate, DBF] (CAS No.
84-74-2) is one of several phthalic acid esters produced
commericially. The major use for this phthalic acid ester is
as an insect repellant for the impregnation of clothing. DBF
enters the environment from industrial discharges and in non-
point discharges from the wide and general use of this
chemical.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dibutyl ester phthalic acid has high acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of DBF to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dibutyl ester phthalic acid has high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of DBF to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dibutyl ester phthalic acid is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dibutyl ester phthalic acid is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dichlorobenzene isomers (DCB, 1,2-dichloro-, 1,3-dichloro-,
and 1,4-dichlorobenzene) [CAS No. 25321-22-6) are
manufactured chemicals. Some are liquids and one is
crystalline in pure form. They are used as solvents for
waxes, gums, resins, tars, rubber, oil, asphalt; as
insecticides for termites and locust borers; as a fumigant;
as an ingredient of metal polishes; and as an intermediate in
dye manufacturing. DCBs may enter the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges, and from atmospheric
deposition.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
DCBs have moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of DCBs to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
DCBs have moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of DCBs to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
DCBs are moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
DCBs are slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
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1.2-Dichlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 95-50-1) is a manufactured
chemical. It is used as a solvent for waxes, gums, resins,
tars, rubbers, oils, and asphalts; as a fumigant,
insecticide, and decreasing agent for metals, leather, and
wool; as an ingredient of metal polishes; and as an
intermediate to make dyes. It may enter the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and has caused injury, stunting, and harvest yield
decrease in various agricultural crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-tern effects of
1,2-dichlorobenzene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,2-dichlorobenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOUTBILITY
1,2-Dichlorobenzene is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Dichlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
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1.3-Dichlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 541-73-1) is a liquid, used as
an intermediate for the production of other chemicals; it is
also a by-product in the production of 1,2-dichlorobenzene
and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,3-dichlorobenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,3-dichlorobenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98.5% of 1,3-dichlorobenzene
will eventually end up in air; about 1% will end up in the
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1.4-Dichlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 106-46-7) is used as an
insecticide fumigant in moth balls. It is also uso.d in
toilet blocks as a disinfectant. Due to its wide and general
use, 1,4-dichlorobenzene may enter the environment from many
sources, such as municipal effluents and landfill leachates.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. 1,4-dichlorobenzen has caused injury to stems of woody
fruit trees. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene to
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,4-dichlorobenzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,4-Dichlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,4-Dichlorobenzene is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 99% of 1,4-dichlorobenzene will
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3.3'-Dichlorobenzidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (CAS No. 91-94-1) is a white,
crystalline solid used to make azo dyes. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 60% of 3,3'-
dichlorobenzidine will eventually end up in water; the rest
will be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
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Dichlorobromomethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dichlorobromomethane (CAS No. 75-27-4) is a colorless liquid,
which may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dichlorobromomethane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient dat$ are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of dichlorobromomethane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dichlorobromomethane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of dichlorobromomethane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dichlorobromomethane is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dichlorobromomethane is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life - due to volatilization - of less than 2 days. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 99.4% of
dichlorobromomethane will eventually end up in air; the rest
will end up in the water.
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1.2-Dichloroethane fethylene dichloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Dichloroethane (CAS No. 107-06-2) is a heavy liquid
chemical which is used to make vinyl chloride, other
chlorinated solvents, acetylcellulose, and tetraethyl lead;
as a solvent for rubber, fats, oils, waxes, gums, and resins;
and as a fumigant. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Dichloroethane has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has been shown to cause injury to woody fruit trees.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,2-dichloroethane to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic .toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-Dichloroethane has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,2-dichloroethane to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-dich1 oroethane is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Dichloroethane is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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l.l-Dichloroethyiene fvinvlidene chloride)
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,1-Dichloroethylene (CAS No. 75-35-4) is a liquid used to
make methylchloroform and in the production of various
vinylidene polymer plastics, including food packaging
materials such as sandwich wraps. The polymers are used in
the interior coatings of ship tanks, railroad cars, fuel
storage tanks, pipes and other structures. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,1-Dichloroethylene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,1-Dichloroethylene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,1, -Dichloroethylene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,1-Dichloroethylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
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1.2-Dichloroethvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Dichloroethylene (CAS No. 540-59-0) is a clear,
colorless, flammable liquid, consisting of a mixture of the
cis- and trans- isoroers. It is used as an intermediate to
make other chemicals and as a cleaning solvent. It may enter
,the environment from industrial or municipal discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Dichloroethylene has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,2-dichloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-Dichloroethylene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effecgs of 1,2-dichloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-dichloroethylene is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Dichloroethylene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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Dichloromethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dichloromethane (CAS No. 75-09-2) is a highly volatile
solvent used in decreasing and cleaning fluids. It may enter
the environment mainly from industrial discharges.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dichloromethane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Dichloromethane has caused both increases and decreases in
seed germination in various agricultural crops. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of dichloromethane to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dichloromethane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of dichloromethane to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dichloromethane is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dichloromethane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 99% of dichloromethane will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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2.4-Dichlorophenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Dichlorophenol (CAS No. 120-83-2) is a colorless,
crystalline solid. It is used entirely as an intermediate to
make industrial and agricultural products, including the
herbicide 2,4-D and its derivatives. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, agricultural run-off,
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-Dichlorophenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM\ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4-Dichlorophenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Dichlorophenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-Dichlorophenol is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 71.4% of 2,4-dichlorophenol
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«•«.'.
2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) [CAS No. 94-75-7] is
a commercially prepared chemical. It has been used to
promote latex production from old rubber trees. It has major
use as an herbicide to control broadleaf plants in
agriculture and in urban landscapes. 2,4-D enters the
environment from agricultural and urban runoff.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-D has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. As a
broadleaf herbicide, 2,4-D can damage and kill a wide variety
of plants. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of 2,4-D to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC
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1.2-Dichloropropane
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Dichloropropane (CAS No. 78-87-5) is used as an oil and
fat solvent, in dry cleaning fluids, in degreasing, and in
insecticiddal fumigant mixtures. Dichloropropane may enter
the environment from industrial discharges, runoff from
agricultural land, and municipal effluents. When heated to
decomposition, 1,2-dichloropropane gives off toxic fumes of
phosgene.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Dichloropropane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,2-dichloropropane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-Dichloropropane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,2-dichloropropane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-Dichloropropane is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Dichloropropane is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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1.3-Dichloropropene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,3-Dichloropropene (CAS No. 542-75-6) is a liquid at normal
environmental temperatures and is part of a fumigant used to
kill soil nematodes of various crops. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or runoff from
agricultural land.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,3-Dichloropropene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused size decrease, .stunting, and yield
decreases in various crops. Insufficient data are available
to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 1,3-
dichloropropene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,3-Dichloropropene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficinet data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,3-dichloropropene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Dichloropropene is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Dichloropropene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 95% of 1,3-dichloropropene
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Dichlorvos (DDVP)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dichlorvos (DDVP) [CAS No. 62-73-7] is a colorless to amber
liquid organophosphate insecticide used to control pests in
stored grain, on livestock and on pets. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, agricultural run-off,
or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dichlorvos has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and birds.
Dichlorovs has caused germination decrease and sterility
increase in certain agriucltural crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of dichlorvos to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dichlorvos has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of dichlorvos to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dichlorovs is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and r.ore will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dichlorvos is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 99.75% of dichlorvos will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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Diepoxybutane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diepoxybutane (CAS No. 1464-53-5) is used for curing polymers
and crosslinking textile fibers. It is also used as an agent
to prevent microbial spoilage. Diepoxybutane most likely
enters the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute (short-term) effects of diepoxybutane to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic (long-term) effects of diepoxybutane to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diepoxybutane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diepoxybutane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 99.7% of diepoxybutane will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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Diethanolamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diethanolamine (CAS No. 111-42-2) is used to scrub natural
and other gases of impurities. It is used as a rubber
chemical intermediate, to make surface active agents used in
textile specialties, as an emulsifier and dispersing agent in
various agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and
Pharmaceuticals. It may enter the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges, and from agricultural
and urban runoff.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants.- Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Diethanolamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of dethanolamine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Diethanolamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of diethanolamine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diethanolamine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diethanolamine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
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1.4-Diethvlene dioxide (dioxane)
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,4-Diethylene dioxide [dioxane] (CAS No. 123-91-1) is a
manufactured chemical; it is used as a solvent for many
chemicals such as various cellulose compounds, resins, oils,
waxes, dyes, etc. it may enter the environment from
industrial discharges and leaching from landfills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
•
1,4-Diethylene dioxide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,4-diethylene dioxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,4-Diethylene dioxide has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,4-diethylene dioxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,4-Diethylene dioxide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,4-Diethylene dioxide is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 91% of 1,4-diethylene
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Diethylester Phthalic Acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Diethylester phthalic acid (CAS No. 84-66-2) is a
manufactured chemical. It is used as a solvent for cellulose
acetate to make varnishes and dopes, as a fixative for
perfumes and in denturing alcohol. It may enter the
environment from industrial and municipal discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with-a toxic chemical substance.
Diethylester phthalic acid has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of diethylester phthalic acid
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Deithylester phthalic acid has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of diethylester phthalic acid
to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Diethylester phthalic acid is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diethylester phthalic acid is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 83.5% of diethylester
phthalic acid will eventually end up in water; about 11.6%
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Di-2-ethylhexvl phthalate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) [CAS No. 117-81-7] is widely
used to make plastics. DEHP is a component of many products
found in homes and automobiles, as well as in the medical and
packaging industries. Its wide use and distribution, as well
as its high volatility and persistence, lead to its common
occurrrence in fish, water, and sediments.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
DEHP has low acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of DEHP to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
DEHP has low chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term
effects of DEHP to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
DEHP is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of less
than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
DEHP is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 42.8% of DEHP will eventually end up in
terrestrial soil; about 40% will end up in aquatic sediments;
and about 17% will end up in air.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
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3.3*-Dimethoxybenz idine
GENERAL INFORMATION
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (CAS No. 119-90-4) is a violet
colored crystalline solid used to make azo dyes. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
3,3'Dimethoxybenzidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 3,3'dimethoxybenzidine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life
of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 99% of this chemical will
eventually end up in water; about 0.5%, respectively, will
end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
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Dimethylaminoazobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dimethylaminoazobenzene (CAS No. 60-11-7) is a yellow,
crystalline solid used for the determination of free
hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, in spot test
identification of peroxidized fats, and as an indicator of
pH. It may enter the environment from industrial or
municipal discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substanceJ
Dimethylaminoazobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene to
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dimethylaminoazobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene to
plants, birds/ or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dimethylaminoazobenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a -iter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dimethylaminoazobenzene is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 37% of this chemical will
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U,.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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N.N-Dimethvlaniline
GENERAL INFORMATION
N,N-Dimethylaniline (CAS No. 121-69-7) is a yellow liquid
used to make vanillin and dyes, and as an intermediate in the
production of other organic chemicals. It may enter the
environment from industrial and municipal waste treatment
plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
N,N-Dimethylaniline has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of N,N-dimethylaniline to plants,
birds, or land animals;
CHRONIC VLONG-TERMJ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
* »
N,N-Dimethylaniline has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of N,N-dimethylaniline to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N, N-Dimethylaniline is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N,N-Dimethylaniline is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 83% of N,N-dimethylaniline
will eventually end up in air; about 16.5% will end up in
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3.3'-DimethyIbenz idine (o-tolidine)
GENERAL INFORMATION
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (CAS No. 119-93-7) is a white to
reddish cyrstalline chemical used to make dyes, as a
sensitive reagent for gold, and for forming free chlorine in
water. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
3,3'-DimethyIbenzidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
3,3'Dimethylbenzidine has -moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
3,3'Dimethylbenzidine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3,3'DimethyIbenzidine is moderately persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 87% of 3,3'dimethylbenzidine
will eventually end up in water; about 5% will end up in
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Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (CAS. No. 79-44-7) is used as a
solvent for organic chemical reactions. It serves as an
intermediate in the processing of fluorinated urethanes and
to make certain pesticides. It may enter the environment
from industrial effluents and spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to eval'uate or predict the
acute (short-term) effects of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic (long-term) .effects of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than l milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, ^;r eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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Dimethyl ester ohthalic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dimethyl ester phthalic acid (CAS No. 131-11-3) is a
manufactured chemical. It is used mostly as a solvent and
plasticizer for cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate-
butyrate manufacturing. It is also used as an insect
repellant for personal protection against biting insects. it
may enter the environment from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dimethyl ester phthalic acid has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of dimethyl ester phthalic acid to plants or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dimethyl ester phthalic acid has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of dimethyl ester phthalic acid
to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dimethyl ester phthalic acid is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION ANT) PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dimethyl ester phthalic acid is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
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Dimethvlhvdraz ine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dimethylhydrazine (CAS No. 57-14-7) is a flammable liquid
used in rocket fuel formualtions. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dimethylhydrazine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available'to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of dimethylhydrazine to plants, birds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dimethylhydrazine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of dimethylhydrazine to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dimethylhydrazine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dimethylhydrazine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 97% of dimethylhydrazine will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
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2.4-Dimethvlphenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Dimethylphenol (CAS No. 105-67-9) is a colorless,
crystalline solid which occurs naturally in petroleum and
coal tars. It is used commercially as a chemical feedstock
for the synthesis of a wide variety of other chemicals and as
an additive or constituent of lubricants, gasolines, and
cresylic acid. It may enter the environment from industrial
and municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-Dimethylphenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 2,4-dimethylphenol to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4-Dimethylphenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2,4-dimethylphenol to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Dimethylphenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-Dimethylphenol is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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Dimethyl sulfate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dimethyl sulfate (CAS No. 77-78-1) is a colorless oily liquid
used to make many organic chemicals. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dimethyl sulfate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of dimethyl sulfate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dimethyl sulfate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of dimethyl sulfate to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dimethyl sulfate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Dimethyl sulfate will react rapidly with water and therefore
will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
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2.4-Dinitrotoluene
GENERAL INFORMATION
2.4-Dinitrotoluene (CAS No. 121-14-2) is a manufactured
chemical used as an ingredient in explosives, a stabilizer in
the manufacture of smokeless powder, a raw material for
dyestuffs, and for urethane polymers. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene may
enter the environment from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-Dinitrotoluene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4-Dinitrotoluene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-dinitrotoluene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98.5% of 2,4-dinitrotoluene
will eventually end up in water; about 0.75%, respectively,
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
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2.6-Dinitrotoluene
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,6-Dinitrotoluene (CAS No. 606-20-2) is a solid chemical
used to make the explosive, TNT (trinitrotoluene), urethane
polymers, flexible and rigid foams or surface coatings, and
dyes. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,6-Dinitrotoluene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,6-Dinitrotoluene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,6-Dinitrotoluene is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,6-Dinitrotoluene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 99.2% of 2,6-dinitrotoluene will
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Dioctvl phthalate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dioctyl phthalates (CAS No. 117-84-0) are a group of
phthalates which includes the most common production
phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate). [Phthalic acid esters
represent a large family of chemicals used as plasticizers
primarily for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).]
This hazard evaluation is for dioctyl phthalates other than
di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. Dioctyl phthalate may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, municipal waste water
treatment discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects ar- seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Dioctyl phthalate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of dioctyl phthalate to plants, brrds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Dioctyl phthalate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of dioctyl phthalate to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Dioctyl phthalate is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
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1.2-Diphenvlhvdrazine fhydrazobenzenel
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine (CAS No. 122-66-7) is a manufactured
chemical. It is used to make phenylbutazone and as a
starting material to make benzidine, an intermediate in the
production of dyes. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may enter the
environment from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has high acute toxicity to aquatic life
and moderate acute toxicity to land animals. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of this chemical to plants or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-diphenylhydrazine is moderately persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 84.25% of 1,2-diphenyl-
hydrazine will eventually end up in water; about 6.25% will
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Direct Black 6
GENERAL INFORMATION
Direct Black 6 (CAS No. 2602-46-2) is an azo dye produced
from benzidine. It is used in fabirc and hair dyes. Direct
Black 6 may enter the environment from industrial discharges,
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of Direct Black 6 to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of Direct Black 6 to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Direct Black 6 is at least moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Direct Black 6 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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Direct Black 38
GENERAL INFORMATION
Direct Black 38 (CAS No. 1937-37-7) is a triazo dye of high
annual production tonnage in the United States. It is used
to dye textiles and leathers a black color. Direct Black 38
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
. spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of Direct Black 38 to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of Direct Black 38 to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Direct Black 38 is at least moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Direct Black 38 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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Direct Brown 95
GENERAL INFORMATION
Direct Brown 95 (CAS No. 16071-86-6) is a dye produced in
high annual tonnage in the United States. It is a triazo dye
produced from benzidine and has a brown color. Direct Brown
95 may enter the environment from industrial discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of Direct Brown 95 to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term -effects of Direct Brown 95 to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Direct Brown 95 is at least moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Direct Brown 95 is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
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Epichlorohydrin
GENERAL INFORMATION
Epichlorohydrin (CAS No. 106-89-8) is a colorless liquid used
mainly to make glycerol and epoxy resins, with lesser amounts
used as intermediates to make plasticizers, dyestuffs,
surfactants, Pharmaceuticals, castings, adhesives,
stabilizers, anion-exchange resins, polymers, and paper-
sizing agents. It may enter the environment from industrial
effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. .Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Epichlorohydrin has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of. epichlorohydrin to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Epichlorohydrin has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of epichlorohydrin to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Epichlorohydrin is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Epichlorohydrin is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
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Ethyl chloroformate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethyl chloroformate (CAS No. 541-41-3) is a corrosive,
flammable liquid which may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of ethyl chloroformate to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
As a corrosive chemical, ethyl chloroformate can burn
organisms directly exposed to it.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of ethyl chloroformate to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethyl chloroformate will react rapidly with water and
therefore will not persist in the aquatic environment.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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Ethvl-4.4'-dichlorobenzilate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate (CAS No. 510-15-6) is a pale
yellow solid. The technical product is a brownish liquid
used as a pesticide for mite control. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, or as runoff
following pest control applications.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate has high acute toxicity to
aquatic life and birds. This chemical has caused injury to
various tree species and ornamental crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive , problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate has high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate is moderately persistent in
water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded. About 40% of ethyl-
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Ethvl ester acrylic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethyl ester acrylic acid (CAS No. 140-88-5) is a clear,
colorless liquid used to make acrylic polymers. These
polymers are used in the paint, textile, and paper
industries. Ethyl ester acrylic acid may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethyl ester acrylic acid has- moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of ethyl ester acrylic acid to
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethyl ester acrylic acid has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of ethyl ester acrylic acid to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethyl ester acrylic acid is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethyl ester acrylic acid is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 91% of ethyl ester acrylic
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Ethylene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylene (CAS No. 74-85-1) is a colorless, flammable gas with
a slightly sweet odor, which is produced in very large
volumes. It is a main building block of the petrochemical
industry, and is converted to many intermediate and end
products, including plastics, resins, fibers, elastomers,
solvents, surfactants, coatings, plasticizers and antifreeze.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or'fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. Ethylene
has caused injuries of many kinds to numerous agricultural
crops. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of ethylene to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ethylene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter ->t water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Ethvlene alvcol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylene glycol (CAS No. 107-21-1) is an odorless, colorless,
high boiling temperature liquid which markedly reduces the
freezing point of water. Major uses are as a non-volatile
antifreeze for liquid-cooled engines, and in the manufacture
of polyester fiber and film. Minor applications are in latex
coatings and paints, as a heat-transfer fluid, in aircraft
and runway deicing mixtures, as a dehydrating or drying agent
in natural gas, as a solvent, and as an additive in motor
oil, inks, pesticides, wood stains, and adhesives. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges, municipal
waste treatment plant discharges, agricultural runoff or
disposal, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene glycol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused chromosomal damage to agricultural crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects •of ethylene glycol to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene glycol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of ethylene glycol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene glycol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Ethvleno. alvcol monoethvl ether
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (CAS No. 110-80-5) is a
liquid used as a solvent, diluent, and fuel additive. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether has slight acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of ethylene glycol monoethyl
ether to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC .(LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether has slight chronic toxicity
to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the long-term effects of ethylene glycol monoethyl
ether to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is highly soluble in waterl.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is slightly persistent in
water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded. About 95% of this
chemical will eventually end up in water; the rest will end
up in the air.
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Ethvleneimine faziridine)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethyleneimine (CAS No. 151-56-4) is a colorless liquid with
an ammonia-like odor. It is used in a wide variety of
industrial applications. The paper industry uses a
derivative to increase the dewatering rate of paper and to
enhance the retention of dyes, pigments, and fillers. It is
used to improve fabric durability in the textile industry.
Other uses of ehtyleneimine and derivatives are in the
manufacture of ion-exchange resins, adhesives, coatings and
plastics; in the flocculation of suspended matter in
industrial and municipal wastewaters; and in cancer
chemotherapy. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, municipal waste treatment discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two .to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethyleneimine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused germination decrease, sterility increase, and
mutation increases in various crops. Insufficient data are
available to, evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
ethyleneimine to birds or land animals.
*
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethyleneimine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are avaiable to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ethyleneimine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethyleneimine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Ethylene oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylene oxide [oxirane] (CAS No. 75-21-8) is a colorless,
flammable gas at room temperature. It is a highly reactive
chemical used almost totally in making various derivatives.
These derivatives lead to the production of antifreeze and
polyesters, solvents for lacquers and varnishes, jet fuel
antiicing agents, and soaps and detergents. It is also used
as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles, as an agricultural
fungicide and in the sterilization of surgical instruments.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges and
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene oxide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Various rose varieties have shown delayed maturation,
wilting, and size decrease from exposure to ethylene oxide.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of etheylene oxide on birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene oxide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ethylene oxide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene oxide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Ethylbenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4) is a colorless, flammable
liquid which is mainly used as a precursor to styrene. it is
present in "mixed xylenes," which are largely derived from
petroleum. Ethylbenzene may enter the environment from
petroleum-based industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylbenzene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injury to various agricultural crops. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of ethylbenzene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM' ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylbenzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ethylbenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylbenzene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethylbenzene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life-
due to volatilization - of less than 2 days. The half-life
of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 99.5% of ethylbenzene
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Ethylene thiourea
GENERAL INFORMATION
Ethylene thiourea (CAS No. 96-45-7) is a solid which is used
as an accelerator in the manufacture of neoprene. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Ethylene thiourea has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
and land animals. At concentrations of 100 ppm, ethylene
thiourea had no effect on the size of wheat plants.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of ethylene thiourea to birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Ethylene thiourea has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of ethylene thiourea to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Ethylene thiourea is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Ethylene thiourea is moderately persistent in water with a
half life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded, virtually 100% of ethylene thiourea
will end up in water.
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Fluoroeturon
GENERAL TNFORMATION
Fluometuron (CAS No. 2164-17-2) is an herbicide with the
trade nam'e Cotoran, which is used for weed control in cotton
and sugarcane. It is a white, crystalline solid. It may
enter the environment in agricultural run-off, spills, or
industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Fluometuron has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injury of various kinds to both agricultural and
ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of fluometuron to
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Fluometuron has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of fluometuron to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Fluovaturon is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Fluometuron is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 57% of fluometuron will eventually end
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N-Fluoren-2-vlacetamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide (CAS No. 53-96-3) is used as an
intermediate to make dyes. It most likely enters the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-Fluoren-2-ylacetamide is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 79% of N-Fluoren-2-
ylacetamide will eventually end up in water; about 11%,
respectively will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic
sediments.
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Formaldehyde
GENERAL INFORMATION
Formaldehyde (CAS No. 50-00-0) is found in the atmosphere
over industrial areas from the incomplete combustion of
organic matter such as coal and wood. It is used, in
solution, to disinfect dwellings and storage places. It has
pesticidal qualities and is used as a fungicide and
insecticide. There are many uses for formaldehyde in
manufacturing processes from tanning hides to producing
explosives. It most likely occurs in natural waters from
industrial discharges,
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Formaldehyde has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of formaldehyde to plants, birds, or "land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Formaldehyde has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Formaldehyde may cause cancer and other chronic effects in
laboratory rodents. Birds and terrestrial animals exposed to
formaldehyde could show similar effects. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
formaldehyde to plants.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Formaldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Gamma BHC (Lindane)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gamma BHC (CAS No. 58-89-9) is an organochlorine insecticide
which has been used against insects in a wide range of
applications. It has been used to treat animals, buildings,
humans for ectoparasites; clothes; water for mosquitoes;
living plants, seeds, and soils. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, insecticide
applications, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Gamma BHC has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to
birds. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of Gamma BHC to plants or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Gamma BHC has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Gamma BHC to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLPBILITY
Gamma BHC is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Gamma BHC is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 52.3% of Gamma BHC will eventually end up
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Hexachlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexachlorobenzene (CAS No. 118-74-1) is a solid used as a
fungicide and to make other organic chemicals. It has been
detected in environmental samples from around the world, and
is recognized as a global pollutant. It may enter the
environment from agricultural runoff or atmospheric
deposition.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in* contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hexachlorobenzene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and
moderate acute toxicity to land animals. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of hexachlorobenzene to plants or birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hexachlorobenzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of hexachlorobenzene to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexachlorobenzen is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hexachclorobenzene is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 50% of hexachlorobenzene will
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Heptachlor
GENERAL INFORMATION
Heptachlor (CAS No. 76-44-8) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon
insecticide that has been widely used in the past for insect
control on crops. it was used for control of fire ants and
cotton boll weevils, among other pests; but is now restricted
to use through subsurface ground insertion for termite
control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges,
agricultural run-off, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Heptachlor has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused various injuries to agricultural crops and ornamental
tree and shrub species. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of heptachlor to
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Heptachlor has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of heptachlor to birds or land animals.
WATER SOLOBILITY
Heptachlor is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Heptachlor is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
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Hexachloro-1.3-butadiene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene [hexachlorobutadiene, HCBD] (CAS No.
87-68-3) is produced deliberately as a by-product of the
manufacture of other chlorinated chemicals. It is used as a
solvent for many other organic chemicals, as an intermediate
to make rubber compounds and lubricants. The largest user of
HCBD is the chlorine production industry. HCDB may enter the
environment mostly during the disposal of wastes containing
HCBD from the chlorinated hydrocarbon industries.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute-toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of HCBD to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of HCBD to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is non-persistent in water, with a
half-life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant
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Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (CAS No. 77-47-4) is used mostly to
make flame retardants and insecticides. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, leaching from
landfills, and runoff from agricultural lands.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hexachlorocylcopentadiene has high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is non-persistent in water, with a
half-life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 97.6% of this chemical will eventually
end up in air; about 0.4% will end up in water; and about 1%,
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Hexachloroethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexachloroethane (CAS No. 67-72-1) is a crystalline solid
with a camphor-like odor. It is used in explosives, as a
camphor substitute in celluloid, as a rubber vulcanizing
accelerator, and as a solvent. It may enter the environment
from chlorination of water at municipal treatment plants,
industrial discharges, municipal waste treatment discharges,
or. spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hexachloroethane has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hexachloroethane to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hexachloroethane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of hexachloroethane to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexachloroethane is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hexachloroethane is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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Hexachloronaphthalene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexachloronaphthalene (CAS No. 1335-87-1) is a solid which is
generally not commercially available in the pure form, but as
part of a mixture (HalowaxR) of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-
chloronaphthalenes. Such mixtures has excellent electrical
insulating properties, and have been used in flame-proofing
and insulating electrical components, in coating papers, as
additives in gear oils and cutting compounds, as moisture-
proof sealants, and as separators in batteries. Hexachloro-
naphthalene may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
HalowaxR 1014 (20% tetra-, 40% penta-, and 40% hexachloro-
napthalene) hashigh acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hexachloronaphthalene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
HalowaxR 1014 (20% tetra-, 40% penta-, and 40% hexachloro-
naphthalene) has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of hexachloronaphthalene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexachloronaphthalene is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
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Hexamethylphosphoramide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hexamethylphosphoramide (CAS No. 680-31-9) is a solvent
widely used to make other compounds. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hexamethylphosphoramide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. This chemical has high acute toxicity to redwing
blackbirds, but only moderate-to-slight acute toxicity to
coturnix quail. Insufficient data are available to evaluate
or predict the short-term effects of hexamethylphosphoramide
to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(sj to a toxic chemical.
Hexamethylphosphoramide has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of hexamethylphosphoramdie to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hexanethylphosphoramide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hexamethylphosphoramide is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 99.8% of Hexamethyl-
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Hydrazine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydrazine (CAS No. 302-01-2) is used as a rocket fuel, and
for corrosion control in boilers and hot-water heating
systems. It is used to make plastics, polymers,
antioxidants, pesticides, plant growth regulators, and
Pharmaceuticals. It may enter the environment mostly from
runoff from agricultural lands.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hydrazine has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hydrazine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hydrazine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of hydrazine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hydrazine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hydrazine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
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Hydrazine sulfate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydrazine sulfate (CAS No. 10034-93-2) is used in refining
rare metals, as an antioxidant in soldering flux for light
metals, as a reducing agent in the analysis of minerals and
slags, in tests for blood, and as a fungicide. Hydrazine
sulfate may enter the environment in industrial and municipal
discharges and from - non-point sources due to its use as a
fungicide.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hydrazine sulfate has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hydrazine sulfate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or' behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hydrazine sulfate has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of hydrazine sulfate to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hydrazine sulfate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hydrazine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. Sulfate is highly persistent in
water, with a half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life
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Hydrochloric acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydrochloric acid (CAS No. 7647-01-0) is a solution of
hydrogen chloride in water. It is used to make and clean
metals, to make chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of pulp,
to make phosphate fertilizers and hydrogen, for the
neurtralization of basic systems, as a laboratory reagent, in
the preparation of various food products, in the treatment of
oil and gas wells, and in the removal of scale from boilers
and heat-exchange equipment. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges, from laboratories, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hydrochloric acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hydrochloric acid to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hydrochloric acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of hydrochloric acid to plants, birds,
or land animals.
^IQACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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Hydrocyanic Acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydrocyanic acid (hydrogen cyanide, HCN) [CAS No. 74-90-8) is
a colorless gas or liquid with a characteristic odor of
"bitter almonds." It contains cyanide which is used in a
variety of industrial processes and can be found in the
effluents from the steel, petroleum, plastics, synthetic
fibers, metal plating, mining and chemical industries. HCN
is formed in water from cyanide when conditions of
temperature and pH are.suitable. HCN enters the environment
from industrial discharges of cyanide. HCN combines with
certain metals such as copper to form metallocyanide
complexes.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hydrocyanic acid has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
HCN has caused injury and death to various agricultural
crops. As a gas, HCN can be highly toxic to birds and land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hydrocyanic acid has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of HCN to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hydrocyanic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Hydrogen fluoride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydrogen fluoride (CAS No. 7664-39-3) is a colorless gas
which fumes in air. It is used as a catalyst in. the
petroleum industry and in fluorination processes, especially
in the aluminum industry. It is also used to make fluorides,
in the separation of uranium isotopes, in making fluorine-
containing plastics, and in the production of dyes. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of hydrogen fluoride to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of hydrogen fluoride to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hydrogen fluoride is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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Hydroouinone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Hydroquinone (CAS No. 123-31-9) is a crystalline solid used
as a photographic reducer and developer, in the production of
polymerization inhibitors and antioxidants for rubber and
food, and as a chemical reagent. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, from photographic
Laboratories, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Hydroquinone has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Hydroquinone has caused germination decrease in agricultural
crops. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of hydroquinone to birds or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Hydroquinone has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of hydroquinone to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Hydroquinone is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Hydroquinone is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
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lodomethane fmethvl iodide)
GENERAL INFORMATION
lodomethane (CAS No. 74-88-4) is a colorless liquid used
mainly as a methylating agent in the preparation of
Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
lodomethane has slight 'acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of iodomethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
lodomethane has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of iodomethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Iodomethane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Iodomethane is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of
less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.5% of iodomethane will eventually end up in air; the
rest will end up in the water.
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Isobutyraldehvde
GENERAL INFORMATION
Isobutyraldehyde (CAS No. 78-84-2) is a flammable liquid with
a pungent odor. It is used to make other chemicals, leading
to such products as perfumes, flavors, plasticizers, resins,
gasoline additives, solvents, amino acids, and rubber
anitoxidants. Isobutyraldehyde may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Isobutyraldehyde has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of isobutyraldehyde to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifesp^.n,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Isobutyraldehyde has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-tern effects of isobutyraldehyde to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Isobutyraldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Isobutyraldehyde is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 89.4% of isobutyraldehyde
will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in water.
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•t • -
Isopropvl alcohol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Isopropyl alcohol (CAS No. 67-63-0) is a clear, flammable
liquid with numerous uses. It is used in antifreeze; as a
solvent for gums, shellac and essential oils; in quick-drying
inks and oils; in cosmetics such as body rubs, hand lotions
and after-shave lotions; and to make other chemicals. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges, municipal
waste water treatment discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Isopropyl alcohol has slight toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of isopropyl alcohol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Isopropyl alcohol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
organisms. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of isopropyl alcohol to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLPBILITY
Isopropyl alcohol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Isopropyl alcohol is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 77.5% of isopropyl alchohol
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4.4'-Tsopropylideneciphenol.
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol (CAS No. 80-05-7) is a solid,
used an intermediate in the manufacture of polymers,
antioxidants, and dyes. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. It has caused injuries to peach trees.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of this chemical to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4,4 '-Isopropylidenediphenol has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 49.5% of this chemical will
eventually end up in water; about 26% will end up in
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Kelthane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Kelthane (dicofol) [CAS No. 115-32-2] is a pesticide used to
contro mites om many different fruit, vegetable, ornamental
and field crops. it may enter the environment from runoff
followign agricultural or horticultural applications,
industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Kelthane has high acute toxicity to aquati life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of Kelthane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Kelthane has high chronic toxicity tj aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of Kelthane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Kelthane is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Kelthane is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 51.4% of Kelthane will eventually end up
in terrestrial soil; about 48% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the water.
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Lead and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Lead and its compounds (CAS No. 7439-92-1) is one of the
metals known since ancient times. It occurs widely in the
earth's crust and can be dissolved from rocks and minerals
into surface waters. Lead and its compounds have a variety
of commercial and industrial uses, such as lead pipe, lead-
lined containers for corrosive gases and liquids, tetraethyl
lead, paint pigments, alloys in metallurgy, storage
batteries, ceramics, electronic devices, and plastics.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute-toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Toxicity to aquatic life is affected by water hardness - the
softer the water, the greater the toxicity. Lead and its
compounds have high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of lead and its compounds to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic .effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Lead and its compounds have high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Lead causes nerve and behavioral effects in humans and
could cause similar long-term effects in birds and land
animals exposed to lead and its compounds.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Lead and its compounds range in their respective water
solubilities from highly soluble to practically insoluble.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
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Maleic Anhydride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Maleic anhydride (CAS No. 108-31-6) is a white solid whose
major use is in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester
resins which in turn are used in producing fiber-reinforced
plastics. It is also used in manufacturing lube-oil
additives, pesticides, and other chemicals. It may enter the
environment from industrial effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Maleic anhydride has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused bud-kill in tung trees, an agricultural crop.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of maleic anhydride to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxlic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Maleic anhydride has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of maleic anhydride to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Maleic anhydride is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Maleic anhydride is non-peristent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded.
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Maneb
GENERAL INFORMATION
Maneb (CAS No. 12427-38-2) is a yellow fungicidal powder. It
is used for control of blights on potatoes and tomatoes; for
control of other diseases in fruits, vegetables, and field
crops; and as a turf fungicide. It may enter the environment
from agricultural run-off, industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Maneb has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to birds.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of maneb to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Maneb has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of maneb to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Maneb is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Maneb does not hydrolyze in water, but it rapidly degrades in
water under anaerobic (low or no oxygen) conditions.
Ethylene thiourea is a major degradation product. Maneb
probably sorbs to solids.
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Manganese and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Manganese (CAS No. 7439-96-5) is a gray, hard, brittle metal
which is used mainly as an alloying element and cleansing
agent for steel, cast iron, and nonferrous metals. Manganese
is essential to the steel industry where it is used in the
form of an iron alloy. It occurs in many minerals that are
widely distributed in the earth's crust and, in trace
amounts, is an essential element for both plants and animals.
The many different possible manganese compounds may enter the
aquatic environment from natural and industrial sources.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute'
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Manganese and its compounds have moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of manganese and its compounds
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Manganese and its compounds have moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-termf effects of manganese and its compounds
to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLu'BILITY
Manganese and its compounds vary in their solubility in water
from being very soluble to insoluble.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Manganese and its compounds are highly persistent in water,
with half-lives greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
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Mechlorethamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) [CAS No. 51-75-2] is a
liquid with a faint odor of herring. It is dangerous to be
near unless wearing a gas mask. It is used as a base for gas
warfare agents. Mechlorethamine may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects .nay include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of mechlorethamine to plants or
aquatic life. Its use as base for gas warfare agents
indicates that birds or land animals exposed to it could
suffer severe acute effects, including death.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance .or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of mechlorethamine to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Mechlorethamine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Mechlorethamine is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 79% of mechlorethamine will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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ftelamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Melamine (CAS No. 108-78-1) is a white, crystalline solid.
It is used mainly to form a variety of synthetic products,
including plastics, surface coatings, bonding agents, paper
and textile finishes, tanning agents, Pharmaceuticals, and
petroleum and rubber chemicals. Melamine may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Melamine has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of melamine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM! ECOLOGICALEFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Melamine has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of melamine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Melaaine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Melamine is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. Virtually 100% of melamine will end up in the
water.
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Mercury and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Elemental mercury (CAS No. 7439-97-6) is a heavy and
relatively inert liquid which is oxidized to inorganic
mercury(II) under natural conditions. Mercury(II) nay
combine with an organic fraction to from methylmercury. Both
mercury(II) and methylmercury are of environmental concern.
Mercury(II) may enter the environment in industrial or
municipal waste treatment discharges, from previously
contaminated sediments, and from the weathering of natural
rocks. Bacteria may then convert it into methylmercury. The
concentration of mercury(II) in bodies of water may be
elevated with acid rain due to the scouring of mercury from
the air and increased partitioning from the sediment into the
water.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Mercury(II) and methylmercury have high acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short term effects of mercury(II) or
methylmercury to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Mercury(II) and methylmercury have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Eating fish contaminated with mercury residues
has caused secondary poisoning in humans; birds or land
animals similarly exposed to mercury and its compounds could
also be subject to such effects. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
mercury and its compounds to plants.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
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Methanol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1) is a clear, colorless liquid with
a mild odor and is one of the largest commodity chemicals in
the world. It is used mainly as a feedstock to make other
chemicals, but also has potential markets as a fuel and to
make animal feed additives. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or from spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methanol has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused germination and size decrease and other injury to
agricultural and ornamental crops. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
methanol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen IO--T
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methanol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of methanol to" plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methanol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and mere will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methanol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 86.5% of methanol will evantually end up in
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Methoxychlor
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methoxychlor (CAS No. 72-43-5) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon
insecticide used to control a variety of insect pests. It is
a crystalline solid, used for insect control on fruit and
shade trees, vegetables, dairy and beef cattle, home gardens,
and around farm buildings (except poultry houses). It has
served as a replacement for DDT in some cases. Methoxychlor
may enter the environment from agricultural runoff,
industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methoxychlor has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injury to various agricultural crops and tree species.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of methoxchlor to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methoxychlor has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of methoxychlor to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLPBILITY
Methoxychlor is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methoxychlor is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
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2-Methoxvethanol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Methoxyethanol (CAS No. 109-86-4) is a colorless, flammable
liquid used as a solvent to dissolve gums and resins. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Methoxyethanol has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predi'ct the
short-term effects of 2-methoxyethanol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a tcxic chemical.
2-Methoxyethanol has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2-methoxyethanol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Methoxyethanol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Methoxyethanol is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98.5% of 2-methoxyethanol
will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the
air.
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Methyl Acrvlate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl acrylate (CAS No. 96-33-3) is a liquid with an acrid
odor. It is used to make leather finish resins, textile and
paper coatings, plastic films, and acrylic fibers. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
•
Methyl acrylate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of methyl acrylate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl acrylate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of methyl acrylate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl acrylate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl acrylate is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 85% of methyl acrylate will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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4-Methyl-l.3-benzenediamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
4-Methyl-l,3-benzenediamine (CAS No. 95-80-7) is used in
polymerization reactions and in hair dyes. 4-Methyl-l,3-
benzendiamine most likely enters the environment from
industrial and municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4-Methyl-l,3-benzenediamine has slight acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of 4-Methyl-l,3-benzenediamine
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4-methy1-1,3-benzenediamine has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4-Methy1-1,3-benzenediamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4-Methyl-l,3-benzenediamine is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 97.5% of 4-Methyl-l,3-
benzenediamine will eventually end up in water; the rest will
end up in the air.
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Methvl chloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl chloride (CAS No. 74-87-3) is a colorless gas used as
a refrigerant, methylating agent, dewaxing agent, and
catalytic solvent in synthetic rubber production. It is also
used as a chemical intermediate for gasoline antiknock
additives, herbicides, and plastics. Methyl chloride is
highly volatile with much of the chemical escaping to the
atmosphere from water* It may enter the aquatic environment
from industrial discharges.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methyl chloride has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of methyl chloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl chloride has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic1 life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of methyl chloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOUTBILITY
Methyl chloride is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl chloride is non-persistent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
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Methyl chloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl chloride (CAS No. 74-87-3) is colorless gas used as a
refigerant, methylating agent, dewaxing agent, and catalytic
solvent in synthetic rubber production. It is also used as a
chemical intermediate for gasoline antiknock additives,
herbicides, and plastics. Methyl chloride is highly volatile
with much of the chemical escaping to the atmosphere from the
aquatic environment. Effluents from manufacturing processes
are expected to contribute methyl chloride to the aquatic
environment.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include th.e death ^f animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate _n plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methyl chloride has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of methyl chloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl chloride has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of methyl chloride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl chloride is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl chloride isnon-persist.ent in water, with a half-life
of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
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Methvlchloroform f1.1.1-trichloroethanel
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methylchloroform (CAS No. 71-?~-6) is a liquid, used mostly
as a solvent and a cleaning ...id. degreasing agent. It may
enter the environment from industrial and municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE .(SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methylchcloroform has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of methylchcloroform to plants, birds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methylchloroform has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of raet.hylchloroform to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methylchloroform is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methylchloroform is non-persistent in water, with a half-life
less than 2 days. The -lalf-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.9% of roethylchloroform will eventually end up in
air; the rest will end up in the water.
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4.4'-Methvlene bis(2-chloroaniline)
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) [CAS No. 101-14-4]
is a solid chemical used as a curing agent for cross-linked
thermoset polymers. It may enter the environment from
industrial effluents or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
MOCA has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of MOCA on plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
MOCA has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term
effects of MOCA on plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
MOCA is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
MOCA is moderately persistent in the environment with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. The chemical properties of MOCA indicate
that about 43% will enter the water, 28% aquatic sediments,
and 30% terrestrial soil.
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4.4'-Methylene bis (N.N-dimethvl benzenamine)
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-dimethyl benzenam a) [CAS No. 101-
61-1] is a solid chemical which is used in the form of the
hydrochloride as a reagent for lead. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE rSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-dimethyl benzenamine) has high acute
toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of this chemical
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC(LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance .or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-dimethyl benzenamine) has high
chronic to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the long-term effects of this chemical to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-dimethyl benzenamine) is moderately
soluble in water. Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000
milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-diemthyl benzenamine) is moderately
persistent in water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200
days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it
takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About
46.3% of this chemical will eventually end up in terrestrial
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methylene bisfphenvlisocvanate) (MBI)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) (MBI) [CAS No. 101-68-8] is a
high-volume commodity chemical used largely in the production
of polyurethane plastic products such as high density rigid
foams and automobile bumpers. MBI is a solid at room
temperature, but it is converted to a liquid for improved
commercial applications in forming molded products. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of methylene bis(phenylisocyanate)
to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of methylene bis(phenylisocyanate)
to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) will react rapidly with water
and therefore will not persist in the aquatic environment.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4.4'-Methvlenedianiline
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Methylenedianiline (MDA) [CAS No. 101-77-9) is a
synthetic chemical which is produced commercially for its use
as an intermediace in the preparation of epoxy resins,
polyurethane foams, rubber chemicals, and elastic polymer
fibers. It is a light brown cyrstalline solid. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4,4' -Methylenedianiline has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life, moderate to high acute toxicity to land
animals, and high toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
MDA to plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of MOA to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Methylenedianiline is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Methylenedianiline is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Methvlhydrazine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methylhydrazine (CAS No. 60-34-4) is a clear liquid used in
rocket fuel and as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methylhydrazine has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.•
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of methylhydrazine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methylhydrazine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of methylhydrazine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methylhydrazine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
*•
Methylhydrazine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 96.4% of methylhydrazine will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMUIATION IN &nrTATIC ORGANTSMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccuraulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs or animals and humans.
The concentration of methylhydrazin. found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
methylhydrazine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
-«•» -
Methyl tert-butyl ether
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl tert-butyl ether (CAS No. 1634-04-4) is a liquid, used
as an antiknock additive for fuel and also as a gasoline
extender. Methyl tert-butyl ether may enter the environment
from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methyl tert-butyl ether has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl tert-butyl ether has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient 'data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of methyl tert-butyl ether to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl tert-butyl ether is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl tert-butyl ether is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 97.5% of methyl tert-buty
ether will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in
the water.
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BTQACCUMUIATION TM AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs «-f-animals and humans.
The concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl isocyanate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl isocyanate (CAS No. 624-83-9) is a liquid chemical
containing the reactive isocyanate group. It is used in the
synthesis of other organic chemicals. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insuifficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term, acute effects of methyl isocyanate to plants,
fish, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term, chronic effects of methyl isocyanate to plants,
fish, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl isocyanate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl isocyanate is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded.
BIQACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
-------
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Because "methyl isocyanate will react rapidly with water, it
is not expecteds to accumulate in aquatic organisms or the
environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl methacrvlate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl methacrylate (CAS No. 80-62-6) is a clear, colorless
liquid which is slightly lighter than water. It is used as a
basic chemical building block to make a wide variety of poly-
methacrylate plastics. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methyl methacrylate has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of methyl methacrylate to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl methacrylate has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of methyl methacrylate to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl methacrylate is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl methacrylate is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 86% of methyl methacrylate
-------
will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the
water.
BTnACCUMULATION IN AOUATT^ QPftANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living' oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of methyl methacrylate found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of methyl methacrylate in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl isobutvl ketone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Methyl isobutyl ketone (CAS No. 108-10-1) is a water-white
liquid chemical. its main uses are as a solvent for coating
systems, in rare-metal extraction, and as a solvent and
denaturant for other miscellaneous applications. It may
enter the environment from industrial and municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Methyl isobutyl ketone has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life and high toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
methyl isobutyl ketone to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Methyl isobutyl ketone has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of methyl isobutyl ketone to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Methyl isobutyl ketone is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Methyl isobutyl ketone is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 61.5% of methyl isobutyl
-------
ketone will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in
the water. F
BIQACCUMULATION IN annATIC ORr,ANIsMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in liviijg . oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of methyl isobutyl ketone found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of methyl isobutyl ketone in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/bird
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Michler's ketone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Michler's ketone (CAS No. 90-94-8) is a white to greenish
crystalline solid used to make dyes. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Michler's ketone has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
Michler's ketone to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Michler's ketone has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are'available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of Michler's ketone to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Michler's ketone is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Michler's ketone is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 35.9% of Michler's ketone
will eventually end up in water; about 33% will end up in
terrestrial soils; and the rest will end up in aquatic
sediments.
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BIOACCUMUTATION IN AQITAJTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals, can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of Michler's ketone found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of Michler's ketone in the water from which the
fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
'- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Molybdenum trioxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Molybdenum trioxide (CAS No. 1313-27-5) is a manufactured
chemical produced from the naturally occurring metal
molybdenum. Molybdenum is an essential element in plants for
nitrogen fixation. It is used in the manufacture of special
steels of common usage, glass to metal seals, nonferrous
alloys and as a lubricant additive. Molybdenum trioxide is
used chiefly as a chemical reagent; it may enter the
environment from industrial and municipal waste treatment
plant discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Molybdenum trioxide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of molybdenum trioxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC rLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Molybdenum trioxide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of molybdenum trioxide to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Molybdenum trioxide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
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n-TSTRIBUTION AND JPgRSISTKNCE IN ™* ENVIRONMENT
Molybdenum trioxide is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant' is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded.
BTOACCUMUIATION IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of molybdenum trioxide found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of molybdenum trioxide in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
-. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Mustard gas
GENERAL INFORMATION
Mustard gas (CAS No. 505-60-2) is an oily liquid with a
sweet, agreeable odor. It is used as a war gas and may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of mustard gas to aquatic life or
plants. Its use as a gas warfare agent indicates that birds
or land animals exposed to it could suffer serious acute
injury.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of mustard gas to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Mustard gas is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1 milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Mustard gas is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 51.6% of mustard gas will eventually end
up in water; about 47.5% will end up in air; and the rest
will be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
-------
BIOACCUMUIATION TM
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals Can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of mustard gas found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of mustard gas in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
"- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Naphthalene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Napthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) the most abundant single
constituent of coal tar, is a white crystalline solid with
the odor of mothballs. It is used as an intermediate in the
production of dye compounds, and in the formulation of
solvents, lubricants, and motor fuels. It has also been used
directly as a moth repellant, insecticide and veterinary
medicine. Naphthalene aay enter the environment from
industrial or municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, b'irds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Naphthalene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
has caused injury and death to various agricultural and
ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of naphthalene to
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Naphthalene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of naphthalene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Naphthalene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PPPgySTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Naphthalene is slightly persistent in water; with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 96% of naphthalene will eventually end up in
air; abOut 3% will end up in water; and about 0.5%,
respectively, will end up in terrestrial soils and in aquatic
sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of naphthalene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of naphthalene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
alpha-Naphthvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
alpha-Naphthylamine (CAS No. 134-32-7) is a reddish
crystalline solid used to make dyes and toning prints. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
*
alpha-Naphthylamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and has caused chromosonl effects and root kill in an
agricultural crop. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of this chemical
to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
alpha-Naphthylamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
alpha-Naphthylamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
alpha-Naphthylamine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98% of alpha-Naphthylamine
-------
will eventually end up in water; about 1%, respectively, will
end up in terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
RTOAgCUMUIATtON IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of alpha-Naphthylaraine found in fish
tissues is expected to besomewhat higher than the average
concentration of alpha-Naphthylamine in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phtyotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
-. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
2-Naphtvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Naphthylamine (CAS No. 91-59-8) is a white to reddish
cyrstalline solid, used to make dyes. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Naphthylamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-naphthylamine to plants, birds, or'
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Naphthylamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are. available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 2-naphthylamine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Naphthylamine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Naphthylamine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 91.4% of 2-naphthylamine will
eventually end up in water; about 6.9% will end up in air;
about 0.9% will end up in terrestrial soil; the rest will end
up in aquatic sediments.
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RTQACCUMULATION TM AQTTATTr OPr.&NISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs &f animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-naphthylamine found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2-naphthylamine in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEEi
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nickel and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nickel (CAS No. 7440-02-0) is one of the most common metals
occurring in surface waters. It occurs naturally in surface
waters from the weathering of rocks. Other sources of nickel
and compounds to the environment include the burning of coal
and other fossil fuels and discharges from such industries as
electroplating and smelting.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Water hardness affects nickel toxicity to aquatic organisms-
the softer the water, the higher the toxicity.
Nickel and its compounds have highe acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of nickel and its compounds to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lowe'r fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nickel and its compounds have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of nickel and its compounds to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nickel and its compounds have water solubilities ranging from
low to high.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nickel and its compounds are highly persistent in water, with
half-lives greater than 200 days.
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RTDArCUMULATION IN AHTT&TTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can' become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ofr'animals and humans.
The concentration of nickel and its compounds found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of nickel and its compounds in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitric acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitric acid (CAS No. 7697-37-2), or aquafortis, is a
colorless liquid and a major industrial chemical produced in
large volume. The main use of nitric acid has been in the
production of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. It is also used
to make explosives, dyes, and intermediates for the
production of nylon and polyurethane; for stainless steel
pickling and metal etching; as a rocket propellant; and for
nuclear fuel processing. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitric acid has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of nitric acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitric acid has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of nitric acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitric acid is completely miscible with water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Small quantities of acids will be neutralized by the
alkalinity in aquatic ecosystems, but larger quantities can
lower the pH for extended periods of time.
-------
AOUATIC_QBGANI5MS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals, can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs o? animals and humans.
Nitric acid contains nitrate whose concentration in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of nitrate in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
•• U.s. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitrilot-ri acetic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) [CAS No. 139-13-9] is a
crystalline solid used as a chelating or sequestering agent,
and in the production of synthetic detergents. It may enter
the environment from industrial or municipal discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitrilotriacetic acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of NTA to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitrilotriacetic acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of NTA to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitrilotriacetic acid is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitrilotriacetic acid is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. Virtually 100% of nitrilotriacetic
acid will end up in water.
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RTOACCTMULATION TN AOUATTr Qpr.&NISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of -animals and humans.
The concentration of nitrilotriacetic acid found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of NTA in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
' U..S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
5-Nitro-o-anisidine (CAS No. 99-59-2) is a solid chemical,
which .may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE .(SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
S-Nitro-Q-anisidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and land animals, and high acute toxicity to birds.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 5-nitro-o-anisidine to plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
5-Nitro-o-anisidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 5-nitro-o.-anisidine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
5-Nitro-o_-anisidine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
5-Nitro-p.-anisidine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 99.3% of 5-nitro-o-anisidine
will eventually end up in water; the rest will be divided
about equally among air, terrestrial soils, and aquatic
sediments.
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BTOACCUMUTATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of- animals and humans.
The concentration of 5-nitro-o-anisidirie found in fish
tissues is expected to beabout the same as the average
concentration of 5-nitro-o-anisidine in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds; eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Office of Toxic Substances
Nitrobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitrobenzene (CAS No. 98-95-3) is used mostly as a feedstock
to make other organic chemicals, with aniline as the major
product. Nitrobenzene is also used as a solvent, metal
polish, shoe black, perfume, dye intermediate, and
combustible propellant. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitrboenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of nitrobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitrobenzene has low chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of ntirobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitrobenzene is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of
less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitrobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 54.3% of nitrobenzene will eventually
end up in water; about 45% will end up in air; and about
-------
0.3%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soils and
aquatic 'sediments.
RTQACCUMUIATION IN AOUATTr nPfiANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living- oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of nitrobenzene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of nitrobenzene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-Nitrobiphenvl
GENERAL INFORMATION
4-Nitrobiphenyl (CAS No. 92-93-3) is a crystalline solid used
in the preparation of other organic substances. It may enter
the aquatic environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Nitrobiphenyl has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-nitrobiphenyl on plants, birds,' or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4-Nitrobiphenyl has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 4-nitrobiphenyl to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4-Nitrobiphenyl is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4-Nitrobiphenyl is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 52.3% of 4-nitrobiphenyl will
eventually end up in water; abouty 24.6% will end up in
terrestrial soils; about 23% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMUIATION IN ar^^c ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 4-nitrobiphenyl found. in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 4-nitrobiphenyl in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitrofen
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitrofen (CAS No. 1836-75-5) is a powdery herbicide used to
control a broad spectrum of weeds in a variety of vegetable
crops, sugar beets, ->addy rice, and certain ornamentals. It
may enter the er./ironment from agricultural run-off,
industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitrofen has 'high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injury of various kinds to agricultural and ornamental
crops. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of nitrofen to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitrofen has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of nitrofen to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitrofen is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1
milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitrofen is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of
greater than 200 das. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 50.7% of nitrofen will eventually end up in
-------
terrestrial soils; about 47.3% in aquatic sediments; and the
rest will end up in the water.
BTOAgCUMUIATION IN AQtTATTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living . oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of nitrofen found in fish tissues is
expected to be much higher than the average concentration of
nitrofen in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phtotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitroalycerin
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitroglycerin (CAS No. 55-63-0) is a pale yellow, oily
liquid. It is used to make dynamite and as a coronary
vasodilator. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, from dynamite operations, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitroglycerin has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life,
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of nitroglycerin to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitroglycerin has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of nitroglycerin to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitroglycerin is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitroglycerin is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 99.8% of nitroglycerin will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in about equal amounts
in terrestrial soils and in aquatic sediments.
-------
BTOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living pranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of nitroglycerin found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of nitroglycerin in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
2-Nitrophenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Nitrophenol (CAS No. 88-75-5) is a light yellow solid. It
is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes or
pigments. Other uses for this chemical and its isomers are
for the production of Pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals,
lumber preservatives, photographic chemicals and pesticides.
It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic' chemical substance.
2-Nitrophenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-Nitrophenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Nitrophenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2-Nitrophenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Nitrophenol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of watar.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Nitrophenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 75.6% of 2-nitrophenol will eventually
-------
end up 4n water; about 23.6% will end up in air; and about
0.4%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soil and
aquatic sediments.
RTOACCUMULATION • JN AQTTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-nitrophenol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2-nitrophenol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Nitrophenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Nitrophenol (CAS No. 100-02-7) is a colorless to slightly
yellow crystalline solid. It is mainly used to make the
insecticide ethyl paration and methyl parathion. Lesser
quantities are used to make dye-stuffs and leather
treatments; and in the synthesis of other chemicals. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges, or as a
breakdown product of pesticides used on crops.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
E-Nitrophenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
E-Nitrophenol has caused chromosomal damage and germination
decrease in various agricultural crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of E-Nitrophenol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
E-Nitrophenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of E-Nitrophenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
E-Nitrophenol is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
E-Nitrophenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
-------
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 98.6% of jj-Nitrophenol will eventually
end up in water; about 0.5%, respectively, will end up in
terrestrial soils and in aquatic sediments; the rest will end
up in the air.
RTOACCUMUIATEEON IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of E-Nitrophenol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of. E-Nitrophenol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Nitropropane
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Nitropropane (CAS No. 79-46-9) is a liquid used as a
solvent for vinyl resins, lacquers, synthetic rubbers, fats,
oils, dyes, and other organic materials; as an intermediate
in chemical syntheses, and as a propellant. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Nitropropane has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-nitropropane to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Nitropropane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2-nitropropane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Nitropropane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1/000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Nitropropane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 59.3% of 2-nitropropane will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BTQACCUMULATION IN AQTTITTO ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-nitropropane found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
2-nitropropane in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitroso-N-butylamine (DENA) [CAS No. 924-16-3] is one of a
group of organic chemicals known as N-nitrosanu-'.es which are
used as synthetic intermediates or as solvent., in chemical
manufacture. DENA most likely enters the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine has caused size decrease in roots,
but no sterility effect, in Arabidoosis plants. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the acute, short-
term effects of DENA on aquatic life, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC ( LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure (s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of DENA to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-Nitrosodi-N-butylamine is non-persistent in water, with a
half -life, due to volatilization, of less than 2 days. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 78% of DENA
will eventually end up in air; about 21.2% will end up water;
-------
and the rest win end up, in equal amounts, in terrestrial
soils and in aquatic sediments.
RTOACCUMUIATION IN AOTTATTP ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living .oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of DENA in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
N-Nitrosod i ethvlamine. .
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) [CAS No. 55-18-5) is a yellowish
liquid used as an additive in gasoline and lubricants, an
antioxidant, and a stabilizer. It is a synthetic chemical
which may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
N-Nitrosodiethylamine has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused root size decrease and sterility
increase in the plant Arabidopsis. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
NDEA to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
N-Nitrosodiethylamine has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of NDEA to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-Nitrosodiethylamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-Nitrosodiethylamine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
-------
chemical to be degraded. About 98% of NDEA will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
RTOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living • oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-Nitrosodiethylamine found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of NDEA in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
_ ' Office of Toxic substances
Nitrosodimethvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Nitrosodimethylamine (CAS No. 62-75-9) is a yellow liquid
used as an antioxidant, additive for lubricants, softener of
copolymers, and synthetic intermediate to make other
chemicals. It was formerly used to make rocket fuels. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges, spills,
or runoff from stored livestock foods in which it may form
under certain conditions.
ACUTE .(.SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants •
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Nitrosodimethylamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused injuries of various kinds to plants.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of nitrosodimentylamine to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Nitrosodimethylamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of nitrosodimethylamine to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Nitrosodimethylamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Nitrosodimethylamine is slightly peristent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
-------
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 99.7% of nitrosodimethylamine
will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the
air.
RTnACCTJMUIATrON IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccuraulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of nitrosodimethylamine found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of nitrosodimethylamine in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
-. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
N-nitrosodiphenvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-nitrosodiphenylamine (CAS No. 86-30-6) is a solid chemical
used in the rubber industry. Its primary use is as a
staining retarder for natural and synthetic rubbers. It most
likely enters the environment from industrial discharges and
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-nitrosodiphenylamine to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-nitrosodiphenylamine to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-nitrosodiphenylamine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-nitrosodiphenylamine is moderately persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of
a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of
the chemical to be degraded. About 81.3% of N-nitrosodi-
phenylamine will eventually end up in water; about 9.3% will
end up in terrestrial soils; about 8.7% will end up in
aquatic sediments;and the rest will end up in the air.
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BTQACCUMULATION TM AQn&TTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitrosodiphenylamine found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of N-nitrosdiphenylamine in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
'• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
'• Office of Toxic Substances
N-Nitrosodl-N-Propvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitrosodi-N-Propylamine (DPNA) [CAS No. 621-64-7] is one of
a group of organic chemicals known as N-nitrosamines which
are used as synthetic intermediates or as solvents in
chemical manufacture. N-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine most likely
enters the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of DPNA to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
DPNA is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
DPNA is non-persistent in water, with a half-life, due to
volatilization, of less than 2 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 54.4% of DPNA will eventually
end up in air; about 45.4% will end up in water; and the rest
will end up in equal amounts in terrestrial soils and in
aquatic sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATION TN_A£UATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living pranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs oT animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of DPNA in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
'• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
N-Nitroso-N-ethvlurea
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (CAS No. 759-73-9) is a solid chemical
and a derivative of urea. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, from laboratories where it is made or
used, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea has caused sterility and mutation.
increases in agricultural crops. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the acute, short-term
effects of this chemical to aquatic life, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 92% of N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the
air.
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BIOACCUMUIAf-ION IN AOUATTr nRGANiSMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals-can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
•U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
.., Office of Toxic Substances
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS No. 684-93-5) is a solid chemical
and a derivative of urea. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, laboratories where it is made or used,
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are availaole to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-nitroso-N-methylurea is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-nitroso-N-methylurea is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 99.5% of this chemical will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
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BIOACCUMUTJTTON IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living .oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitroso-N-methylurea found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of N-nitros-N-methylurea in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
N-Nitrosn^fhylvinvlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine (MVNA) [CAS No. 4549-40-0] is one
of a group of organic chemicals known as N-nitrosamines which
are used as synthetic intermediates or as solvents in
chemical manufacture. MVNA enters the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of MVNA to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of MVNA to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
MVNA is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
MVNA is non-persistent in water, due to probable high
volatility, with a half-life of less than 2 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded.
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BIOACCUMUIATION IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some subs.tances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemical's' can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of MVNA in fish tissues cannot be
estima . -i.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
N-Nitrosomorpholine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitrosomorpholine (CAS No. 59-89-2) is an N-nitrosamine
chemical which, upon metabolic activation, has carcinogenic
and mutagenic properties. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE /SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-nitrosomorpholine to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a chemical which, upon metabolic activation, has
carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, N-nitrosomorpholine
may cause chronic, long-term effects in birds or land animals
exposed to it, if it is capable of metabolic activation in
bird or animal bodies.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-nitrosomorpholine to aquatic
life or plants.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-nitrosomorpholine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-nitrosomorpholine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
-------
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 99.4% of N-nitrosomorpholine
will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the
air. ' .
RTOACCUMPIATgON IN AOTT&TT^ npnANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, -or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitrosomorpholine found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of N-nitrosomorpholine in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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•• SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
N-Nitrosonornictine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) [CAS No. 16543-55-8] is an N-
nitrosamine chemical which, upon metabolic activation, has
carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It is known to occur
in cigarette smoke. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, transport of certain pesticides or
their breakdown products, or from sites of applications to
lakes or streams.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
•
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-Nitrosonornicotine to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a chemical which, upon metabolic activation, has
carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, N-nitrosonornicotine
may cause chronic, long-term effects in birds or land animals
exposed to it, if it is capable of metabolic activation in
bird or animal bodies.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-nitrosonornictine to aquatic
life or plants.
WATER SOLUBILITY
N-nitrosonornicotine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND^pERSISTENCF IN THE ENVIRONMENT
N-nitrosonornicotine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemicai . to be degraded. Virtually 100% of N-
nitrosonornicotine will end up in water.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATTf- ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of N-nitrosonornicotine found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of this chemical in the water from which the
fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
n-Mi trosopiperidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) CCAS No' 100-75-4] is a yellow oil
and an N-nitrosamine chemical which, upon metabolic
activation, has carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of N-nitrosopiperidine to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
As a chemical which, upon metabolic activation, has
carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, N-nitrosopiperidine
may cause chronic, long-term effects in birds and land
animals exposed to it, if it is capable of metabolic
activation in bird or animals bodies.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of N-nitrosopiperidine to plants
or aquatic life.
WATER SOLOBILITY
N-nitrosopiperidine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION
5SS
TN THE ENVIRONMENT
is siigntiy persistent in water, with a
concentration of MPIP in the
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Octachloronaphthalene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Octachloronaphthalene (CAS no. 2234-13-1) is a waxy solid at
room temperature. Chlorinated naphthalenes as a group
exhibit a high degree of chemical and thermal stability, and
are resistant to most acids and bases. These properties have
resulted in their use as oil additives, capacitor fluids and
cable insulation by power companies, and in the
electroplating and fabric-dyeing industries. Octachloro-
naphthalene may enter the environment from leaching from
discarded capacitors or other products containing the
chemical, or from spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Octachloronaphthalene has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Octachloronaphthalene has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Octachloronaphthalene is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IlL.™ ENVIRONMENT
Octachloronaphthalene is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 51.7% of octachloro-
naphthalene will eventually end up in terrestrial soils;
about 48.2% will end up in aquatic sediments; the rest will
end up in suspended solids.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of Octachloronaphthalene found in fish
tissues is expected to be considerably higher than the
average concentration of Octachloronaphthalene in the water
from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
osmium tetroxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Osmium tetroxide (CAS No. 20816-12-0) is a pale yellow
crystalline solid with a poisonous vapor which may cause
serious damage to the eyes, lungs, and skin. It is used as
an oxidizing agent, particularly for converting olefins to
glycols, and as a catalyst in chlorate, peroxide, periodate
and other oxidations. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
. effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contict wizh a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of osmium tetroxide to aquatic life
or plants. Birds or land animals exposed to osmium tetroxide
vapors may suffer severe damage to eyes, lungs, and skin.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of osmium tetroxide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Osmium tetroxide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Osmium tetroxide is quite soluble in water. It is an
oxidizing agent and is readily reduced by organic matter.
Consequently, it is not likely to be highly persistent as
osmium tetroxide. Some of the osmium compounds formed may be
persistent.
-------
BIOACCUMUIATIOK TM^QUATIC ORGANISMS.
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Osmium tetroxide probably will not accumulate in aquatic
organisms or in aquatic ecosystems, but osmium might
accumulate in both.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE .Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Parathion
GENERAL INFORMATION
Parathion (CAS No. 56-38-2) is an organophosphate insecticide
used to control agricultural insect pests. It is used on
many fruit, nut, vegetable and field crops. Due to its wide
usage as an agricultural insecticide, it enters the
environment mainly as the result of non-point run-off from
crop areas.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Parathion has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and to
birds. Parathion has caused injury, including germination
decrease and sterility increase in various agricultural and
ornamental crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of parathion to
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Parathion has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of parathion to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Parathion is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1/000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Parathion is moderately persitent in water, with a half-life
between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
-------
degraded. About 69% of parathion will eventually end up in
water; the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION 'IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of parathion found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of parathion in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Pentachloronitrobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) [CAS No. 82-68-8] is a
crystalline solid which is used as a fungicide for the
treatment of soil and seeds. PCNB may enter the environment
from industrial discharges, agricultural run-off, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
PCNB has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has caused
injury of various kinds to several agricultural crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of PCNB to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
PCNB has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term
effects of PCNB to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
PCNB is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1
milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
PCNB is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 47.6% of PCNB will eventually end up in
terrestrial soils; about 44.5% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in water.
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RTOACCUMUIATION IN _AOUATIC
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs df animals and humans.
The concentration of PCNB found in fish tissues is expected
to be much higher than the average concentration of PCNB
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Pentachl o-rophenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Pentachlorophenol [PCP} (CAS No. 87-86-5) and its sodium salt
are commonly used pesticides in the United States. The main
uses of PCP in these forms are in the treatment of wood
products for preservation and in its application as a wide-
spectrum fungicide and bactericide. PCP may enter the
environment from treated wood, industrial discharges,
municipal waste treatment plant discharges, spills, or
agricultural runoff.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute-toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
The toxicity of PCP to aquatic life increases as the pH of
the water decreases. PCP has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. PCP has caused plant and leaf kill and germination
decrease in various agricultural and ornamental crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of PCP to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
PCP has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term
effects of PCP to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
PCP is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
PCP is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
-------
amount pf time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded'. About 48% of PCP will eventually end up in-
terrestrial soil; about 45% will end up in aquatic sediments;
about 5.3% will end up in water; and about 1.4% will end up
in air. '
RTOArCUMULATlON- IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of PCP found in fish tissues is expected to
be much higher than the average concentration of PCP in the
water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Peracetic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Peracetic acid (CAS No. 79-21-0) is a liquid with an acrid
odor. It is a strong oxidizing agent, and is used as such in
the production of other chemicals. Peracetic acid may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Peracetic acid has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of peracetic acid to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Peracetic acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of peracetic acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Peracetic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drin*
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
-------
Peracetic acid is not likely to be very persistent in the
environment. it win probably not accumulate in edible
tissues of aquatic species that are consumed by humans.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth> U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
Phenol (CAS No. 108-95-2) is a common component of oil
refinery wastes. it is also produced in the conversion of
coal into gaseous or liquid fuels and in the production of
metallurgical coke from coal. It is produced in large volume
and is mostly used as an intermediate in the production of
other chemicals. It may -nter the environment from oil
refinery discharges, coal conversion plants, municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute' toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Phenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Phenol
can kill, and cause germination decreases in, various
agricultral crop plants; it has high acute toxicity to birds.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
Si.art-term effects of phenol to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Phenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of phenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Phenol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Phenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
-------
amount '-of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 26.3% of phenol will eventually end up in
air; about 73.3% will end up in water; and about 0.2%,
respectively, will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic
sediments. •
RIOACCUMULAffON IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. .These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of phenol found in fish tissues is expected
to be about the same as the average concentration of phenol
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox, eeb-bird
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313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
p-Phenylenedlamine
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Phenylenediamine (CAS No. 106-50-3) is a white to slightly
red crystalline solid which darkens on exposure to air. It
is used in the dyeing of furs and hair, in photography, in
the production of the strong fiber Kevlar, as an antioxidant
for plastics, elastomers, and gasoline, in the manufacture of
azo dyes, in accelerating vulcanization, and as a chemical
reagent. It may enter the environment from industrial and
municipal discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Phenylenediamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life and high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluat or predict the short-term effects of
this chemical to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
E-Phenylenediamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of E-phenylenediamine to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
E.-Phenylenediamine is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
E-Phenylenediame is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
-------
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 97.6% of E-phenylenediamine
will eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the
air. •
RTQACCUMULATION IN AOU&TT^ ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration,• or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of E-phenylenediamine found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of E>-phenylenediamine in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
2-PhenyIphenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-PhenyIphenol (CAS No. 90-43-7) is a white solid chemical
used as a dyestuff carrier for polyester fibers, as a
disinfectant in soluble cutting oils, and as a preservative
for cellulosic materials such as timber and paper. The
sodium salt is used to control molds on fruits, for
disinfecting buildings and refrigerated goods, and as a
timber preservative. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, as run-off from treated areas, or from
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, .
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-PhenyIphenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-phenylphenol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-PhenyIphenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2-phenylphenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-PhenyIphenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
-------
nTSTRTBUTION AND PERSISTENCE TM THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Phenylphenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-.
life of .between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be .degraded. About 72.5% of 2-phenylphenol will
eventually end up in water; about 13.3% will end up in
terrestrial soils; about 12.4% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-phenylphenol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2-phenylphenol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
2-Phenylohenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2-Phenylphenol (CAS No. 90-43-7) is a white solid chemical
used as a dyestuff carrier for polyester fibers, as a
disinfectant in soluble cutting oils, and as a preservative
for cellulosic materials such as timber and paper. The
sodium salt is used to control molds on fruits, for
disinfecting buildings and refrigerated goods, and as a
timber preservative. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, as run-off from treated areas, or from
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,.
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2-Phenylphenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2-phenylphenol to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2-Phenylphenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2-phenylphenol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Phenylphenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE ™ THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Phenylphenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be .degraded. About 72.5% of 2-phenylphenol will
eventually end up in water; about 13.3% will end up in
terrestrial soils; about 12.4% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2-phenylphenol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2-phenylphenol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phosgene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Phosgene (CAS No. 75-44-5) is a colorless, highly toxic gas
at room temperature. It is used almost exclusively as an
intermediate to produce other chemicals. These are usually
made at the same site as phosgene itself. The largest amount
of phosgene is used in the polyurethane industry, with lesser
amounts used in the polycarbonate, pesticide, metal-recovery,
perfume, and specialty industries. Phosgene may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute' toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth . rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute (short-term) effects of phosgene to plants or aquatic
life. Phosgene has high acute toxicity to birds and land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
>after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of phosgene to aquatic life, plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Phosgene react rapidly with water and will not accumulate in
the aquatic environment.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
-------
ora^d? *n?mb?C°me concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Phosgene.reacts rapidly with water and will not accumulate in
aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duiuth, u.s. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U,S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phosphoric acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Phosphoric acid (CAS No. 7664-38-2) is a solid obtained from
phosphate rock deposits in certain geographical areas. It is
used to make superphosphates for fertilizers, other phosphate
salts, polyphosphates, and detergents. Other uses are as an
acid catalyst, flavor additive, food antioxidant, in dental
cements, process engraving, metal rustproof ing before
painting, in coagulating rubber latex, and as an anaytical
reagent. It may enter the environment from mining operations
run-off, industrial discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may'include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come, in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Phosphoric acid has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life
in waters of low alkalinity. The estimate is based upon the
criterion for pH of water which considers the pH of 6.5 the
lower limit for healthy populations of aquatic life. The
quantity of phosphoric acid required to cause a toxic
response will be determined by the buffering capacity of the
receiving water. Water with low alkalinity will require less
phosphoric acid for toxic effects to occur.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of phosphoric acid on plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Phosphoric acid has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life
in waters of low alkalinity. The estimate is based upon the
criterion for pH of water which considers the pH of 6.5 the
lower limit for healthy populations of aquatic life. The
quantity of phosphoirc acid required to cause a toxic
response will be determined by the buffering capacity of the
-------
receiving water. Water with low alkalinity will require less
phosphoric acid for toxic effects to occur.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects Of phosphoric acid on plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Phosphoric acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Small quantities of such acids as phosphoric acid will be
neutralized by the alkalinity in aquatic ecosystems, but
larger quantities can lower the pH for extended periods of
time. Phosphoric acid contains phosphate, whose
concentration in edible tissues of most aquatic species that
are consumed by humans will probably be about the same as the
average concentration that was present in the water in which
the organism had been living.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Phosphorus (yellow or white) [CAS No. 7723-14-0] is an
elemental solid which, in the commercial white form (99.9%
pure), has a slight yellowish color. It is an abundant
element distributed in igneous and sedimentary rocks and the
commercial grade is obtained from phosphate rock. White
phosphorus is used to make fertilizers, detergents, food and
beverages, metal treatment, roach and rodent poisons, and
military products. It is an essential constituent of
protoplasm, nervous tissue and bones. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, agricultural runoff,
municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Acute toxicity of phosphorus to aquatic life is unknown and
cannot be predicted as no toxicity tests have been conducted
with elemental phosphorus. Insufficient data are available
to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of phosphorus
to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Chronic toxicity of phosphorus to aquatic life is unknown and
cannot be predicted as no toxicity tests have been conducted
with elemental phosphorus. Insufficient data are available
to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of phosphorus to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Phosphorus is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
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BIQACCUMUIATION T^AOUATTC ORGANISM
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ofr-animals and humans.
Yellow phosphorus, also known as white phosphorus, is a form
of element phosphorus that will probably be slowly oxidized
by the dissolved oxygen in water, but which burns in air.
The concentration of phosphorus found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of phosphorus in the water fro- which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances .
Phthalic anhydride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Phthalic anhydride (CAS No. 85-44-9) is a solid compound and
is the main commercial form of phthalic acid. It is used
mainly to make phthalic plasticizers, unsaturated polyester
resins, and alkyd resins. Other uses are in the manufacture
of dyes, saccharin, flame retardants, phenol-phthalein,
pesticides, and anthranilic acid. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come, in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Phthalic anhydride has low acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of phthalic anhydride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Phthalic anhydride has low chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are avaialble to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of phthalic anhydride to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Phthalic anhydride is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
-------
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Phthalic-. anhydride will react rapidly with water to form
phthalic acid and therefore will not accumulate in aquatic
organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.J. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Picric acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Picric acid (CAS No. 88-89-1) is a pale yellow solid. The
chemical explodes when rapidly heated, or by percussion.
Picric acid is used to make explosives, colored glass and
matches; in the leather industry!; in electric batteries; in
etching copper; as a textile mordant and as a reagent.
Picric acid may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Picric acid has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of picric acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may inclu_a shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Picric acid has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of picric acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Picric acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Picric acid is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
of greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 99% of picric acid will eventually end up
-------
in water; the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BTQACCUMULATION IN AOTT&TTn ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of picric acid found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of picric acid in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U..S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Polvch-|r.T-inated biohenvls (PCBs^
GENERAL INFORMATION
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [CAS No. 1336-36-3] are
complex mixtures of chlorobiphenyls which have been marketed
for uses according to the percentage of chlorine in the
mixture. The lesser chlorinated PCBs are colorless mobile
liquids. Increased chlorination produces more viscous
liquids, with further chlorination producing sticky resins or
white powders. Because of their heat stability, PCBs were
commonly used in electrical capacitors and transformers, and
industrial heat transfer applications. PCBs may enter the
environment from leakage from industrial and electrical
equipment, from industrial discharges, spills, leaching from
municipal landfills, and from previously contaminated
sediments.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Polychlorinated biphenyls have high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of PCBs to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TEPJI) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Polychlorinated biphenyls have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of PCBs to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Polychlorinated biphenyls are slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter
of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND^pggglSTENgF TN T^F ENVIRONMENT
The relative distribution of the various PCBs depends on the
level of chlorination. Some PCBs will probably be highly
persistent in water, with half-lives greater than 200 days.
Potential PCB distribution in the various environmental
compartm«nts can have the following ranges, depending on
degree of chlorination: air, 0-34%; terrestrial soils, 33-
52%; water, 0-1.8%; suspended solids, 0.05-0.08%; aquatic
biota, 0.02-0.03%; aquatic sediments, 30-50%.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AOUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of pclychlorinated biphenyls found in fish
tissues is expected to be considerably higher than the
average concentration of PCBs in the water from which the
fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
EEB OCB risk doc
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1.3-Propane sultone
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,3-Propane sultone (CAS No. 1120-71-4) is used to modify
cellulose, starch and carbohydrates; for coating resins and
water-insoluble pharmaceutical chemicals to increase their
solubility in water; and in dying processes. 1,3-Propane
sultone may enter the environment from industrial discharges
or.spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms have not been conducted
with 1,3-propane sultone, so the acute toxicity to aquatic
life is unknown and cannot be predicted. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of 1,3-propane sultone to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms have not been conducted
with 1,3-propane sultone, so the chronic toxicity to aquatic
life is unknown and cannot be predicted. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
1,3-propane sultone to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Propane sultone is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Propane sultone is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a
-------
H i?S? +- the ai«ount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 100% of 1,3-propane sultone
will eventually end up in water.
BIOACCUMULATIQN TM ^UATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air drink-
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. ' These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 1,3-propane sultone found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of 1,3-propane sultone in the water from wlvch
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propioraldehvde
GENERAL INFORMATION
Propionaldehyde (CAS No. 123-38-6) is a liquid with a
suffocating odor. It is used as a chemical intermediate in
the production of other compounds. Propionaldehyde may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, ind death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Propionaldehyde has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
It has caused both root size increase and decrease in wheat.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of propionaldehyde to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Propionaldehyde has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of propionaldehyde to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Propionaldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Propionaldehyde is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 75.8% of propionaldehyde will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
-------
BIOACCUMULATION IK AQrjATTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of, animals and humans.
The concentration of propionaldehyde found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
propionaldehyde in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propoxur
GENERAL INFORMATION
Propoxur (CAS No. 114-26-2) is a white to tan crystalline
carbamate insecticide. It is used largely for the control of
household pests, especially cockroaches, bedbugs, flies, and
mosquitoes. Further uses are for control of lawn and turf
insects; and against aphids, bugs, and leafhoppers in
agricultural crops. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, runoff from application sites, direct
application to water to control mosquitoes, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Propoxur has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of propoxur to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Propoxur has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of propoxur to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLDBILITY
Propoxur is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Propoxur is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
-------
degraded. About 99% of propoxur will eventually end up in
water; the rest will be divided about equally among air,
terrestrial soils, and aquatic sediments.
RTOAgCUMUIATION ' TM AQtT&TTr r>RGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of propoxur found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
propoxur in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propvlene (propene)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Propylene (propene) [CAS No. 115-07-1] is a feedstock
chemical of the petrochemical industry used to produce
various derviatives such as polypropylene, acrylonitrile,
propylene oxide, and isopropyl alcohol. It is also used to
produce polymer gasoline for an improved octane rating. It
is a flammable gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. It
may enter the environment from spills during shipment as a
liquified gas under pressure.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
e fects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Propylene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Propylene has caused no effects to rice plants at
concentrations of 1 and 100 ppm. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
propylene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Propylene has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of propylene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Propylene is soluble in water at 446 ml gas/Liter.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Propylene is non-persistent in water due to volatilization,
with a half-life less than 2 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
-------
chemical, to be degraded. Virtually 100% of propylene will
end up in the air.
BTQACCUMULATION TM AOTT&TTn ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of propylene found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
propylene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propvlene oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Propylene oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9) is a colorless, flammable
liquid used to make polyurethanes, propylene and dipropylene
glycols, lubricants, surfactants and oil demulsifiers. It is
also used as a solvent, fumigant, and soil sterilant.
Propylene oxide may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, as a leachate from the soil, or from spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Propylene oxide has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of propylene oxide to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Propylene oxide has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of propylene oxide to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Propylene oxide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Propylene oxide is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 70.3% of propylene oxide will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
-------
BIOACCUMUIA'TION IN A^T^TIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals1 can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of propylene oxide found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
propylene oxide in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
i,2-Propvlenimine
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2-Propylenimine (CAS No. 75-55-8) is a colorless liquid
with an ammonia-like odor. Chemicals of this class are used
in a wide variety of industrial applications, including the
paper, adhesives, textile, wastewater treatment, coatings,
and ion-exchange industries. 1,2-propylenimine may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2-Propylenimine has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,2-propylenimine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or bahavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2-propylenimine has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,2-propylenimine to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-Propylenimine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Propylenimine is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 64% of 1,2-propylenimine will
eventually end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
-------
BIOACCUMULATJCON Ig_^syATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs ofa'nimals and humans.
The concentration of 1,2-propylenimine found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of 1,2-propylenimine in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
UlS. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Pvridine
GENERAL INFORMATION
Pyridine (CAS No. 110-86-i) is a colorless, flammable liquid
with a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is used as a
solvent for anhydrous mineral salts and in the sythesis of
other organic chemicals
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Pyridine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life, birds
and land animals. It has caused bud kills in an agricultural
crop.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Pyridine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of pyridine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Pyridine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Pyridine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
between 2 to 20 days. Thj half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 57% of pyridine will eventually end up in
water; the rest will end up in the air.
-------
RTQACCUMUIATION IN JkQUATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals"can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of pyridine found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
pyridine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds; eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ouinoline
GENERAL INFORMATION
Quinoline (CAS No. 91-22-5) is a colorless, hygroscopic
liquid with a penetrating, pungent odor. It is used to make
dyes, medicinal drugs, catalysts, ion-exchange polymers,
herbicides, insecticides, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants,
and metallurgical chemicals; as a preservative for anatomical
specimens, and as a solvent for resins and terpenes. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Quinoline has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of quinoline to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Quinoline has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of quinoline to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Quinoline is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Quinoline is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 88.7% of quinoline will eventually end up in
-------
water;. .about 9.7% win end up in air; and the rest will be
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
RTnACCUMUIATIOH TM AOtJATTr
Some suDstances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of quinoline found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of quinoline in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Saccharin
GENERAL INFORMATION
Saccharin (CAS No. 81-07-2) is an artificial non-caloric
sweetner which has been used as a substitute for sucrose. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges,
municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE .(SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Based on tests. with the sodium salt hydrate, saccharin has
slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
saccharin to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Based on tests with the sodium salt hydrate, saccharin has
slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data
are avaiable to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
saccharin to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Saccharin is highly acidic and highly soluble in water. Its
solubility is increased in the form of either the sodium or
calcium salt. Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more
will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Saccharin is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 99.9% of saccharin will eventually end up
-------
in water; the rest will end up in terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
RTQACCUMULATION IN Afln&TTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living, oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of saccharin found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
saccharin in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Safrole
GENERAL INFORMATION
Safrole (CAS No. 94-59-7) is a colorless or slightly yellow
liquid with an odor of sassafras. It is used to make
perfumes, soaps, and heliotropin. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Safrole has moderate acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of safrole to aquatic life, plants, or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERMl ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of safrole to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Safrole is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Safrole is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 61.7% of safrole will eventually end up in
air; about 35.7% will end up in water; the rest will be
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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QRGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs q£ animals and humans.
The concentration of safrole found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of safrole in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Selenium *nd its compounds .
GENERAL INFORMATION
Selenium (CAS No. 7782-49-2) is an element which is abundant
in the drier soils of North America from the Great Plains to
the Pacific Ocean. it may occur in water as a result of the
natural weathering of soils and rocks and from the mining or
smelting of certain ores. It is present in coal and fuel
oil, and is emitted in flue gas and fly ash during
combustion. It may exist in different oxidation states and
as various salts. In oxygenated water, the +4 and +6
oxidation states are predominant. Trace amounts of selenium
are essential for plants and animals, including humans.
'ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Selenium and its compounds have high acute toxicity to
aquatic life and mammals and moderate acute toxicity to
birds. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of selenium to plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Selenium and its compounds have high acute toxicity to
aquatic life, birds and land animals. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
selenium to plants.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Selenium and its compounds have water solubilities ranging
from low to moderate. Concentrations up to 1,000 milligrams
will mix with a liter of water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PFPcTs>rTrMrTr IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Selenium is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life -c. a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half -- the chemical to be
degraded.
RTOACCUMULATION IN AQTTATTr nPGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of selenium found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of selenium in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
FWS Biol Rpt 85(1.5), Oct. 85 (aka Contain.
Haz. Rpt. No. 5)
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Silver and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Silver (CAS No. 7440-22-4) is a naturally occurring metal in
the earth's crust. It is used to make coins, tableware,
mirrors, jewelry, electroplating and in electrical
conductors. Silver containing compounds are used in
photography, as an anti-infective, as a reagent, and to seed
clouds causing precipitation. Because of its wide use,
silver enters the environment in non-point as well as
specific discharges such as industrial and municipal
effluents.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
The toxicity of silver to aquatic life is probably dependent
on water hardness - the harder the water, the higher the
concentration of silver needed to be toxic. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of silver and its compounds to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC(LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Silver and its compounds have high chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of silver to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Some silver compounds are highly soluble in water and others
less soluble.
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nTSTBTBUTION AND PERSTSTPM^P TM THE
Silver is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded*-
BTQACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of silver found in fish tissues is expected
to be much higher than the average concentration of silver
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U..S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
sodium hvdroxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Sodium hydroxide (CAS No. 1310-73-2) is a solid in its pure
form. It is used to neutralize acids, make sodium salts, in
making rayon and cellophane, in reclaiming rubber, in making
plastics and for many other uses. It may enter the
environment in industrial and municipal discharges and
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Sodium hydroxide has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
The . toxicity of sodium hydroxide to aquatic life will be
influenced by the hardness and alkalinity of the receiving
water. The estimate of high acute toxicity is based on the
criterion for pH of water which considers the pH of 9.0 the
upper limit for healthy populations of aquatic life, since
addition of sodium hydroxide to water results in elevated pH.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of sodium hydroxide to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Sodium hydroxide has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
The toxicity of sodium hydroxide to aquatic life will be
influenced by the hardness and alkalinity of the receiving
water. The estimate of high chronic toxicity is based on the
criterion for pH of water which considers the pH of 9.0 the
upper limit for healthy populations of aquatic life, since
addition of sodium hydroxide to water results in elevated pH.
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Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of sodium hydroxide to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Sodium hydroxide is highly soluble in water and, when
dissolving, generates considerable heat. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSTSTFNCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Small quantities of such bases as sodium hydroxide will
slightly raise the pH of water in aquatic ecosystems, but
larger quantities can raise the pH for extended periods of
time.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Sodium sulfate (solution) .
GENERAL INFORMATION
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (CAS No. 7757-82-6) and technical
grade sodium sulfate, known as salt cake, occur naturally as
the mineral, thenardite. In the U.S., about two-thirds of
the total sodium sulfate produced has been used in paper-pulp
manufacturing, although this use has declined in recent
years. other uses are in the manufacture of detergents and
glass. Sodium sulfate may enter the environment from paper-
pulp, other industrial, and municipal discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Sodium sulfate has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of sodium sulfate to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Sodium sulfate has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of sodium sulfate to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Sodium sulfate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Sodium sulfate is soluble in water and, in this form, will
not be highly persistent in water.
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RTOAgCUMUIATION IN &QUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become'concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of sodium sulfate found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
sodium sulfate in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Stvrene oxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Styrene oxide (CAS No. 96-09-3) is a colorless liquid with a
sweet, pleasant odor. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute,, short-term effects of styrene oxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of styrene oxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Styrene oxide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Styrene oxide is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 95% of styrene oxide will eventually
end up in water; the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMUIATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
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contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become'concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concent r, at ion of styrene oxide found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
styrene q#ide in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 312 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
^•S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
gtvrene (monomer)
GENERAL INFORMATION!
Styrene (CAS No. 100-42-5) is a colorless to yellowish oily
liquid. When heated, it is converted into the polymer,
polystyrene, which is a clear plastic with excellent
insulating properties. Styrene is used to make plastics,
synthetic rubber, and resins, and in the production of
insulators. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic efiects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Styrene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of styrene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Styrene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of styrene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Styrene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Styrene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
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About 99% of styrene will eventually end up in air; about
0.85% will end up in water; the rest will end up in
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIQACCUMUIATJrON TM AQTT&TTr nRGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of styrene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of styrene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
gulfuric acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Sulfuric acid (CAS No. 7664-93-9) is a clear, colorless, oily
liquid made in large volumes for commercial use. It is vry
corrosive and hs a great affinity for water. It is used co
make phosphate fertilizers, inorganic pigments, textile
fibers, explosives, petroleum products, alcohols, pulp and
paper, detergents, and other chemicals. It is also used as a
leaching agent for ores, a pickling agent for iron and steel,
and is a component of lead storage batteries. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Sulfuric acid has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Sulfuric acid is very corrosive and would badly burn any
plants, birds, or land animals exposed to it.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Sulfuric acid has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of sulfuric acid to plants, birds, or land
animals.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
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Small .quantities of acids will be neutralized by the
alkalinity in aquatic ecosystems, but larger quantities can
lower the pH for extended periods of time.
Sulfuric' acid contain sulfate, whose concentration in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Terephthalic acid
GENERAL INFORMATION
Terephthalic acid (CAS No. 100-21-0) is a crystalline solid
used to form polyesters with glycols, which are made into
plastic films and sheets. It is also used in analytical
chemistry. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Terephthalic acid has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of terephthalic acid to plants, birds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Terephthalic acid has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of terephthalic acid to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Terephthalic acid is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Terephthalic acid is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 93% of terephthalic acid will
eventually end up in water; about 6% will end up in air; and
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the rest will be divided about equally between terrestrial
soils and aquatic sediments.
RTOACCUMUIAT-ION IN AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of terephthalic acid found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of terephthalic acid in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (CAS No. 79-34-5) is a heavy,
nonflammable liquid with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor.
It is used as an industrial solvent; to make paint, varnish,
and rust removers; in pesticide formulations; and to make
other organic chemicals. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, chlorination of municipal water
supplies and sewage, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. This chemical has killed ornamental plants.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to birds or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is slightly persistent in water,
with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
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pollutant is the amount of time it takes for^ one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98% of 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane will eventually end up in air; the rest
will end -.up in the water.
RTOACCUMUIATION IN AQTTATTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of l, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of 1, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Tiatrachlorvinphos
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tetrachlorvinphos (CAS No. 961-11-5) is an organophosphate
insecticide used to control houseflies, chicken mites, lice,
screwworms, hornflies, faceflies, and stableflies. It is an
off-white solid; it may enter the environment from inudstrial
discharges, spills, or agricultural runoff.
ACUTE CSHQRT-TERM1 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Tetrachlorvinphos has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and'
birds, and moderate acute toxicity to land animals. It has
caused germination decreases in an ornamental crop.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Tetrachlorvinphos has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of tetrachlorvinphos to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Tetrachlorvinphos is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Tetrachlorvinphos is moderately soluble in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 76% of tetrachlorvinphos will
eventually end up in water; the rest will be divdided about
equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
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BIOACCUMUIATIONOJLAOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs <3t animals and humans.
The concentration of tetrachlorvinphos found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of tetrachlorvinphos in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds; eeb/mammals
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
TAtrachloroethvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tetrachloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) is a colorless,
nonflammable liquid used mainly as a solvent in the dry
cleaning industry and to a lesser extent as a solvent to
degrease metals. it is heavier than water; it may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Tetrachloroethylene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of tetrachloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals..
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
«
Tetrachloroethylene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of tetrachloroethylene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Tetrachloroethylene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Tetrachloroethylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
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be degraded. About 99.8% of tetrachloroethylene will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN ann&TTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living . oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of tetrachloroethylene found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of tetrachloroethylene in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Thallium and compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thallium (CAS No. 7440-28-0) is a metal that is not
particularly rare in the earth's crust. It commonly occurs
in potash minerals and in a number of other minerals such as
crookesite, lorandite, hutchinsonite, vrbaite and avicennite.
The pure metal is grayish-white and soft; compounds of
thallium vary in odor. Thallium use is limited to making
alloys with other metals and certain applications in
electrical circuitry where durability and fluidity must be
enhanced. Thallium and compounds may enter the environment
during mining and smelting operations, industrial discharges,
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the ueath of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Thallium and compounds have high acutet toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of thallium and compounds to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Thallium and compounds have high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of thallium and compounds to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Thallium and compounds have water solubilities ranging from
low to high, depending on the salt formed.
-------
DTSTPTBUTION AND_pERSTgTTrMrP TN THE FNVTpnNMENT
Thallium, itself is likely to be highly persistent in water,
as it has only slight water solubility. Other compounds of
thallium will vary in persistence, as water solubility varies
from compound to compound.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AOTT&TTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. Thes^
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internax
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of thallium and compounds found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of thallium and compounds in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Thioacetamide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thioacetamide (CAS No. 62-55-5) is a crystalline solid used
as a pleasant substitute for the foul-smelling hydrogen
sulfide in various chemical reactions. It serves as an
analytical reagent in producing other chemicals. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Thioacetamide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
showed no effect on germination of peach seeds. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of thioacetamide to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Thioacetamide has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of thioacetamide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Thioacetamide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Thioacetamide will react rapidly with water and therefore
will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
A,A'-Thiodianiline
GENERAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Thiodianiline (CAS No. 139-65-1) is a solid used in
polymerization reactions. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused injury to orchard crops. Insufficient
data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term
effects of 4,4'-thiodianiline to birds or"land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 4,4'-thiodianiline to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate solubility in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Thiodianiline is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98.4% of 4,4'-thiodianiline
will eventually end up in water; the rest will be divided
about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
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RTOACCUMULATION^JN AOTTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccuraulate,
in living .oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals.can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 4,4'-thiodianiline found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of 4,4'-thiodianiline in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Thiourea
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thiourea (CAS No. 62-56-6) is a crystalline solid used in
photography as a fixing agent and a stain remover on
negatives, as a chemical reagent, and as an accelerator in
the vulcanization process. It may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, photographic laboratories, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Thiourea has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life. Thiourea
has caused dormancy break increase, and several other
effects, in numerous agricultural crops. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of thiourea on birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Thiourea has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of thiourea to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Thiourea is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Thiourea will react rapidly with water and therefore will not
accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
-------
SUPPORT'DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
Thorium dioxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Thorium dioxide (CAS No. 1314-20-1) is a white solid, which
occurs naturally in the mineral monazite. It is used in
nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine, as a reducing agent in
metallurgy, for filament coating, in incandescent lamps and
vacuum tubes and as a catalyst in organic chemical syntheses.
It is also used in the production of gas-lantern mantles to
brighten the flame. Thorium dioxide may enter the
environment from mining and processing operations or run-off
from thorium-rich soils.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of thorium dioxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals..
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of thorium dioxide to aquatic
life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Thoriua dioxide has low water solubility. Concentrations of
1 milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Thorium dioxide is not likely to dissolve in surface water.
It will probably be highly persistent in aqautic ecosystems,
but will not accumulate in edible tissues of aquatic species
that are consumed by humans.
-------
RTOAggUMUIATION' TM AOUATTC ORGANISMS
Some subetances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of found in fish tissues is
expected to be as the average concentration of
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Titanium dioxide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Titanium dioxide (CAS No. 13463-67-7) occurs in nature in
several mineral (rutile, anatase or octahedrite, brookite,
ilemite and perovskit;e) . It is used as a white pigment in
jewelry, house paint, baked enamels and lacquers, inks,
plastics, paper filling, water paints, tanner's leather
finishes, shoe whiteners and ceramics. It is also used as a
welding rod coating. Titanium dioxide occurs naturally in
the environment and also enters the environment from
industrial and municipal waste treatment plant discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death' of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Titanium dioxide is highly toxic to birds. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of titanium dioxide to plants, aquatic life, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of titanium dioxide to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Titanium dioxide is slightly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1 milligram or less will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Titanium dioxide is highly persistent in water, with a half-
life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
-------
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded.
RTOACCUMUIATION TM AOTTATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of titanium dioxide found in fish tissues
is expected to be about the same as the average concentration
of titanium dioxide in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U-S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Titanium t-.etrachloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
Titanium tetrachloride (CAS No. 7550-45-0) is a colorless
liquid with a penetrating odor. It has been used with
potassium bitartrate as a mordant in the textile industry, in
dyeing leather, as a smoke-producing screen, and in the
manufacture of iridescent glass and artificial pearls. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of titanium tetrachloride to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of titanium tetrachloride to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Titanium tetrachloride has high water solubility.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Titanium tetrachloride reacts with water to form titanium
oxychlorides and titanium dioxide. Consequently, titanium
tetrachloride will not be highly persistent. However, some
of the titanium compounds formed may be persistent.
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BTQACCUMULATIOK TM ftpUATIC pPGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living .oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
Titanium tetrachloride probably will not accumulate in
aquatic organisms or in aquatic ecosystems, but titanium
might accumulate in both.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Toluene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3) is obtained mainly from tar oil.
It is used to make many organic compounds, such as benzoic
acid, benzaldehyde, dyes, and explosives. It is a commonly
used solvent for extraction processes. It may enter the
environment mainly from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Toluene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Toluene
has caused leaf membrane damage in plants. Insuffient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of toluene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Toluene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of toluene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Toluene is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of less
than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Toluene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.5% of toluene will eventually end up in air; the
rest will end up in the water.
-------
iv1! ««tances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
r™7" 9 °ranisms as they breathe contaminated air drink
hicaA d water' or eat contaminated food. ?hese
oraanlof an?mb?C°me =°ncentrated in the tissues and internal
organs or ^animals and humans.
is
SS0? nt"tion of toluene found in , fish tissues s
of toluene in%?°meWhat ni
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
2.4-Toluene diisocvanate
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) [CAS No. 584-84-9] is a liquid
with a sharp pungent odor. It is made in large volume, and
is used most widely in the manufacture of flexible
polyurethane foam, and other elastomers. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate has slight acute toxicity to aquatic
life and high toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
2,4-toluene diisocyanate to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate has slight chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate to
plants, birds, or land animals.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate will react rapidly with water and
therefore will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the
environment.
-------
RTOArCUMUIATION__^j_AOUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living branisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs o* animals and humans.
The concentration of cyanides found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
cyanides in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U-S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Toluene 2.6-diisocvanate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 91-08-7) is one component
of the commodity mixture toluene diisocyanate (TDI), along
with its isomer, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. TDI is used to
make flexible polyurethane foams. It is a liquid at room
temperature; it may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate is highly toxic to birds.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of toluene 2,6-diisocyanate to aquatic
life, plants, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of toluene 2,6-diisocyanate to
aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate will react rapidly with water and
therefore will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or the
environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
V-S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
o-Toluidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Toluidine (CAS No. 95-53-4) is a manufactured chemical. It
is used to make various dyes, printing textiles, blue-black,
and making various colors fast to acids. o-Toluidine may
enter the environment in industrial and municipal waste
treatment plant discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
o-Toluidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and
moderate-to-high acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of o-Toluidine to plants or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
o-Toluidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of o-Toluidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
o-Toluidine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
o-Toluidine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 84% of o-Toluidine will eventually end up in
water; about 15.8% will end up in air; and the rest will be
-------
divided' about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
RTOACCUMUIATlON TM AOTTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms "as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of o-Toluidine found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
o-Toluidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
o-Toluidine hvdrochloride
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Toluidine hydrochloride (CAS No. 636-21-5) is a light
yellowish liquid used to make various dyes and colors fast to
acids. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Although no toxicity test has been conducted with this
specific chemical, the most toxic portion is o-toluidine
which has known coxicity to aquatic life and birds and which
was used to estimate toxicity.
o-Toluidine hydrochloride has moderate acute toxicity to
aquatic life and moderate-to-high acute toxicity to birds.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of this chemical to plants or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Although no toxicity test has been conducted with this
specific chemical, the most toxic portion is o-toluidine
which has known toxicity to aquatic life and which was used
to estimate toxicity.
o-Toluidine hydrochloride has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants-
birds, or land animals.
-------
WATER SOLUBILITY
o-Toluidine hydrochloride is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
nTSTRIBUTION'AND PERSTSTPvrF IN THE ENVIRONMENT
o-Toluidine hydrochloride will react rapidly with water to
form o-toluidine and hydrochloric acid and therefore will not
accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment. Fact
sheets for o-toluidine and hydrochloric acid are available.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U«S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Toxaphene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Toxaphene (CAS No. 8001-35-2) is a yellow waxy solid. It is
used as an insecticide to control army worms, boll weevils,
bollworms, cotton aphids, cotton fleahoppers, cotton
leafworms, grasshoppers and others. In the past it has been
used to eradicate undesirable fish species. Toxaphene may
enter the environment from industrial discharges,
agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Toxaphene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Toxaphene
has caused injury of various kinds to tree species and
agricultural crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of toxaphene to
birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Toxaphene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of toxaphene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Toxaphene has slight water solubility. Concentrations of 1
milligram or less will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Toxaphene is highly persistent in water, with a half-^1 ife of
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
-------
degraded. Toxaphene is widely distributed in water around
most of the world. it is present in water, is sorbed onto
particulates and sediments, and is present in the tissues of
aquatic organisms.
BIO ACCUMULATION IN ApTT&TT^ ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of toxaphene found in fish tissues is
expected to be considerably higher than the average
concentration of toxaphene in the water from which the fish
was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Tr-iaziauone
GENERAL INFORMATION
Triaziquone (CAS No. 68-76-8) is a purple crystalline solid
used as a drug against the protozoan digestive tract
parasite, Entamoeba histolvteca. and against tumor growth.
It may enter the environment from industrial or municipal
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE fSHORT-T£RM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
•
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
acute, short-term effects of triaziquone to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first, exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
chronic, long-term effects of triaziquone to aquatic life,
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Triaziquone is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Triaziquone is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
of greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. Virtually 100% of triaziquone will end up in
water.
-------
RTOArCUMULATlON TM AQUATIC
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become'concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of triaziquone found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
triaziquone in the •••vter from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U-S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
Tribrnmomethane (bromoform)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tribromomethane (CAS No. 75-25-2) is a liquid which is
heavier than water with a chloroform-like odor and a sweetish
taste. It is used to make Pharmaceuticals, as an ingredient
in fire-resistant chemicals and gauge fluid; as a solvent for
waxes, grease and oils; and in separating mixtures of
minerals. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges, municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute-toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Tribromomethane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of tribromomethane to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Tribromomethane has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of tribromomethane to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Tribromomethane is highly soluble in water. Concentrations
of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Tribromomethane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. About 97% of tribromomethane will eventually
end up ih air; the rest will end up in the water.
RTQACCUMULATLpN IN AftTT&TTr OPCANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become'concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of tribromomethane found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of tribromomethane in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth; U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (CAS No. 120-82-1) has been used as a
carrier to apply dyes to polyester materials, a termite
pesticide, an aquatic herbicide, an herbicide intermediate, a
heat transfer medium, a dielectric fluid in transformers, a
degreaser, and a lubricant. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene may enter
the environment from industrial discharges, municipal waste
treatment discharges, spills, or in runoff following insect
control applications.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Its use as an herbicide indicates it can be expected
to have high acute toxicity to plants. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to birds or land animals.
C IRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION ANp_PERSISTENCE ™ THE ENVTPnMMENT
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to'-be degraded. About 93% of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
will eventually end up in air; about 2.6% and 2.4%,
respectively, will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic
sediments; the rest will end up in the water.
RTOACCUMULATION IN AQTT&TTr DPGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene found in fish
tissues is expected to be much higher than the average
concentration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
•, Office of Toxic Substances
1.1,2-Tri chloroethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (CAS No. 79-00-5) is a nonflammable
liquid used as a solvent in cleaning metal and in cleaning
plastic molds. It is also used to make 1,1-dichloroethylene
and other organic chemicals. It may enter the environment
from industrial discharges, chlorinated effluents from
municipal waste treatment plants, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animels, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict long-term effects of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of betwean 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 98% of 1,1,2-trichloroethane
-------
will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the
water.
BTQ ACCUMULATION IN ApTTa^T^ nor.&NISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living' branisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of 1,1, 2-trichloroethane in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U-.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Tr-i r:hloroethvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6) is a clear, colorless
nonflammable liquid. It is heavier than water. It is widely
used as a solvent for fats, waxes, resins, ores, rubber,
paints and varnishes. It is also used in dry cleaning, in
degreasing and as an intermediate to make other organic
chemicals. Trichloroethylene may enter the environment from
industrial discharges, municipal waste treatment plant
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute•toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Trichloroethylene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of trichloroethylene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Trichloroethylene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of trichloroethylene to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Trichlorethylene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Trichloroethylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-
life of less than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
-------
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded. About 99.6% of trichloroethylene will
eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
BTOACCUMTTTATION IN AOTTATTn ncr;AKISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of trichloroethylene found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of trichloroethylene in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U*s. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenol •.
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (CAS No. 95-95-4) is a crystalline
solid used to destroy algae, fungi and bacteria in cooling
towers and pulp mills, and in hide and leather processing.
It is also used to make certain pesticides, including the
herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). It may
enter the environment as an impurity associated with the use
of pesticides, from the chlorination of waste treatment plant
effluents, and from the bleaching of wood pulp.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or -low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused germination decreases in several
agricultural crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol has high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or pradict
the long-term effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol to plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a
liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION ANj)_pERSTSTBMrE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is moderately persistent in water, with
a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical 'to be degraded. About 40.4% of 2,4,5-
trichlo»ophenol will eventually end up in water; about 15.4%
will end up in air; and the rest will be divided about
equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol found in fish
tissues is expected to be much higher than the average
concentration of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2.4. 6-Tr-i chlorophenol
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (CAS No. 88-06-2) is a crystalline
solid with a strong phenolic odor. It is used directly as a
fungicide, bactericide, and preservative agent. It is also
used to produce more highly chlorinated phenols. It may
enter the environment from industrial or municipal waste
water treatment discharges, leaching from site of
application, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol has high acute toxicity to aquatic
life. It has caused germination decrease in several
agricultural crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC LLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is slightly persitent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a
-------
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
chemical to be degraded. About 56.25% of 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol will eventually end up in air; about 27.8%
will end. up in water; about 8.25% will end up in terrestrial
soils; and about 7.7% will end UP in aquatic sediments.
RTOACCUMUIATgON IN AOTT&TTP OPGAKISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Tr-ichlorophon
GENERAL INFORMATION
Trichlorophon (CAS No. 52-68-6) is a white crystalline
organophosphate insecticde with several trade names,
including Dipterex, Dylox, Proxol, Neguvon, and Tugon. It is
used to control insect pests on a wide variety of field
crops, vegetables, seed crops, and ornamentals. It may enter
the environment from industrial discharges, spills, or runoff
following agricultural application.
ACUTE fSHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Trichlorophon has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and
birds. It has caused injuries to various ornamental and
agricultural crops. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of trichlorophon
to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Trichlorophon has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of trichlorophon to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Trichlorophon is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Trichlorophon is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
-------
to be degraded. virtually 100% Of trichlorophon will end up
in water. c
BIOACCUMULATION_IN A9TTATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of trichlorophon found in fish tissues is
expected to be about the same as the average concentration of
trichlorophon in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox; eeb/birds
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
TT-ifluralin
GENERAL INFORMATION
Trifluralin (CAS NO. 1582-09-8) is an herbicide used to
control weeds in a wide variety of agricultural, vegetable
and citrus crops. it is a yellow crystalline solid. It may
enter the environment as agricultural runoff, in industrial
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Trifluralin has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. It has
caused injuries to an agricultural crop. Insufficient data
are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects
of trifluralin to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) tc a toxic chemical.
Trifluralin has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of trifluralin to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Trifluralin is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of
water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Trifluralin is highly persistent in water, with a half-life
greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 49% of trifluralin will eventually end up in
-------
terrestrial SOiis; about 46% will end up in aquatic
sediments; and the rest will end up in the water.
RTQACCUMTIIATION IN AQH&TTr
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate
in living .oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of trifluralin found in fish tissues is
expected to be much higher than the average concentration of
trifluralin in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
-------
313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1.2.4-Trimethvlbenzene
GENERAL INFORMATION
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (CAS No. 95-63-6) is a liquid which
occurs in coal-tars and petroleum. It is used to make dyes,
perfumes, and resins, and to sterilize catgut. It may enter
the environment from industrial or municipal discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to
aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the long-term effects of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to
plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with
a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is non-persistent in water, with a
half-life of less than 2 days, due to volatilization. The
half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for
one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 99.7% of
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene will eventually end up in air; the
-------
rest will be divided about equally among, water, terrestrial
soils, 'and aquatic sediments.
BIQ ACCUMULATION TN Afln&TTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals a-1 humans.
The concentration of 1, 2,4-trimethylbenzene found in fish
tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average
concentration of l, 2,4-trimethylbenzene in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
•U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Trisf2.T-.dibromopropvH Phosphate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) [CAS No. 126-72-
7] is a viscous liquid that is used as a flame retardant,
formerly in children's sleepwear. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Tris-BP has high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of tris-BP to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Tris-BP has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of tris-BP to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Tris-BP is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Tris-BP is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 66.8% of tris-BP will eventually end up in
water; the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
-------
RTOACCUMTTTATION TM ^r>TT^TT^ npr.ANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of tris-BP found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of tris-BP in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances.
Urethane
GENERAL INFORMATION
Urethane (CAS No. 51-79-6) is a granular solid used to make
other chemicals, including pesticides and fumigants, and to
dissolve other chemicals. It nay enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Urethane has slight acute toxicity to fish, birds, and land
animals. It causes damage to plants, including death of
buds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Urethane has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict ths
long-term effects of urethane to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Urehtna is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Urethane is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 24% of urethane will eventually end up in
air; the rest will end up in the water.
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AOUATIC
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate ,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of urethane found in- fish tissues is
expected to be the same as the average concentration of
urethane in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds; eeb/mice
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vanadium (fume or dustL
GENERAL INFORMATION
Vanadium (fume or dust) [CAS No. 7440-62-2] is an element
which is widely dispersed in the earth's crust at low
concentrations. It is ordinarily recovered from its raw
materials in the form of pentoxide, and sometimes as sodium
and ammonium vanadate salts. In the elemental form (fume or
dust), it is used to make rust-resistant steel. Vanadium may
enter the environment from industrial discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals' or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
The acute toxicity of elemental vanadium (fume or dust) to
aquatic life is unknown, but the compound ammonium vanadate
is moderately toxic to aquatic life. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of
elemental vanadium (fume or dust) to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
The chronic toxicity of elemental vanadium (fume or dust) to
aquatic life is unknown, but ammonium vanadate has high
chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of
vanadium (fume or dust) to plants, birds, or land animals.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Elemental vanadium is not likely to dissolve in surface
water. It will probably be highly persistent in aquatic
ecosystems, but will not accumulate in edible tissues of
aquatic species.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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'. SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances.
Vinvl Acetate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Vinyl acetate (CAS No. 108-05-4) is a liquid used as a
chemical building block to form various polymers. These
polymers are made into plastics, films, and lacquers. Vinyl
acetate may enter the environment from industrial discharges
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or -fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Vinyl acetate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of vinyl acetate to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Vinyl acetate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of vinyl acetate to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Vinyl acetate is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more w\ll mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Vinyl acetate is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 86.5% of vinyl acetate will eventually
end up in air; the rest will end up in the water.
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SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vinyl bromide
GENERAL INFORMATION
Vinyl bromide (CAS No. 593-60-2) exists as a gas at room
temperature, but liquifies at temperatures of 15.8°C and
below. It is used in producing other organic chemicals.
Vinyl bromide may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE rSHQRT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Vinyl bromide has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of vinyl bromide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Vinyl bromide has slight chronic toxicit to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of vinyl bromide to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Vinyl bromide is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Vinyl bromide is non-persistent in water, due to
volatilization, with a half-life less than 2 days. The half-
life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-
half of the chemical to be degraded. About 99.8% of vinyl
bromide will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up
in the water.
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RTQACCUMULATION_X1JLAQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living pranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances-.
Xvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7) is a mixture of the three isomers
of xylene (ortho, meta, and para), with possible trace
amounts of ethylbenzene. It is a colorless liquid at room
temperature and is flammable. Xylene is used as a solvent,
as a raw material for the production of organic chemicals
used to make polyester fibers, and to make dyes. Other uses
are in sterilizing catgut and in microscopy. Xylene may
enter the environment; from industrial discharges, municipal
waste treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Since comparative data on the toxicity of the several forms
are limited and inconclusive, all forms are considered equal
in toxicity for purposes of these ecological fact sheets."
Xylene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Xylene
causes injury to various agricultural and ornamental crops.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of xylene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC fLONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Xylene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of xylene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Xylene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND pppgTe;TFMrr TN Tpr ENVIRONMENT
Xylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it- takes for one_half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.3% of xylene will eventually end up in water; about
0.5% "will .end Up in water; about 0.1%, -respectively will end
up in terrestrial soils and in aquatic sediments.
BIQACCUMULATION IN AOtTATTr ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of xylene found in fish tissues is expected
to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
xylene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
m-Xvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
m-Xylene (CAS No. 108-38-3) is one of three isomers of
commercial xylene. It is a flammable, colorless liquid.
Xylene is used as a solvent, as a raw material to make
organic chemicals used in the manufacture of polyester
fibers, and in the manufacture of dyes. Other uses are in
sterilizing catgut and in microscopy. Xylene may enter the
environment from industrial or municipal waste treatment
plant discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute1 toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate .in plants. Acute
effects are seen two "to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Since comparative data on toxicity of the several forms of
xylene to aquatic life are limited an inconclusive, all forms
are considered equal for the purpose of the following
ecological effect statements.
m-Xylene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. m-Xylene
has caused bud-kill in tobacco. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of m-
Xylene to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
m-Xylene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of m-Xylene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
m-xylene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND_pj;RSISTENCE JN THE ENVIRONMENT
m-Xylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-lifg of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.4% of m-Xylene will eventually end up in air; about
0.45% will- end up in water; £-~id about 0.1%, respectively will
end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AOTTATTP ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of m-Xylene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of m-Xylene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
n-Xvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
o-Xylene (CAS No. 95-47-6) is one of three isomers of
commercial xylene. it is a flammable, colorless liquid which
is used as a solvent, as a raw material for making organic
chemicals used to make polyester fibers, and to make dyes.
Other uses are in sterilizing catgut and in microscopy.
Xylene may enter the environment from industrial discharges,
municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Since comparative data on toxicity of the several forms of
xylene are limited and inconclusive, all forms are considered
equal for the purpose of this fact sheet.
jD-Xylene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. o-Xylene
has caused leaf injury and bud kill in various agricultural
crops. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of o-Xylene to birds or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
o-Xylene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of o-xylene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
o-Xylene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
-------
DISTRIBUTION AND PFRfiTgTTTMrF IN THE ENVTRQNMENT
o-Xylene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 99.3% of o-xylene will eventually end .up in air; about
0.5% wilJ^.end up in water; and about 0.1%, respectively, will
end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments.
RTOACCUMULATION IN AOUATT^ ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of o-xylene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of o-xylene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
Phytotox
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
p-Xvlene
GENERAL INFORMATION
E-Xylene ('CAS No. 106-42-3) is one of three isomer of
commercial xylene. it is a flammable, colorless liquid at
room temperature. Xylene is used as a solvent, as a raw
material for the production of organic chemicals used to make
polyester fibers and dyes. Xylene may enter the environment
from industrial effluents, municipal treatment plant
discharges, or spills. Since comparative data on the effects
of the several forms of xylene are limited and inconclusive,
all forms or xylene are considered equal for the purpose of
the following analysis.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
E-Xylene has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the short-term effects of xylene to plarits,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
E-Xylene has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data
are available on the long-term effects of xylene on plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Xylene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
E-Xylene is non-persistent in the aquatic environment, with a
half-life of less than two days. The half-life of a
pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the
-------
chemical to be degraded. The chemical properties of xylene
indicate that about 99% will enter the air; less than 1% will
end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION TM AQUATTC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
ion^™tn^°^anisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of E-Xylene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2-Xylene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances .
2.6-Xvlidine
GENERAL INFORMATION
2,6-Xylidine (CAS No. 87-62-7) is one of six isomeric
xylidines, and is used to make dyes. it may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM^ ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
2,6-Xylidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 2,6-xylidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
2,6-Xylidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 2,6-xylidine to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,6-Xylidine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,6-Xylidine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical
to be degraded. About 54% of 2,6-xylidine will eventually
end up in air; about 44.8% will end up in water; and the rest
will be divided about equally between terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
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BIOACCUMULATION TM AQTTaTTr nPGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs or animals and humans.
The concentration of 2,6-xylidine found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration
of 2,6-xylidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic substances
Zinc (fume or dust.) and its compounds
GENERAL INFORMATION
Zinc (CAS No. 7440-66-6) is one of the most commonly used
metals in the world. Its major uses are for galvanizing
steel, producing alloys, and for serving as an ingredient in
rubber and paints. Zinc is an essential element for life
when present in trace amounts. Zince exists as a variety of
salts. Zinc may enter the environment in the discharge from
galvanizing plants, as a leachate from galvanized structures
and natural ores, and from municipal waste treatment plant
discharges.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
The toxicity of zinc to aquatic life is related to water
hardness, with increased toxicity occurring in softer waters.
Zinc and its salts have high acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of zinc and its compounds to plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Zinc and its salts have high chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the long-term effects of zinc and its salts to plants, birds,
or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Zinc exists as a variety of salts, many of which are highly
soluble in water.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IMJ™E ENVIRONMENT
Zinc and its salts are highly persistent in water, with half-
lives greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to
be degraded.
BTOACCUMUIATl'oN IN AOUATTf DPfiANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of animals and humans.
The concentration of zinc found in fish tissues is expected
to be considerably higher than the average concentration of
zinc in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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SARA 313 ECOLOGICAL FACT SHEET
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Zineb
GENERAL INFORMATION
Zineb (CAS No. 12122-67-7) is a crystalline solid used TS a
fungicide on a variety of fruits and vegetables. It aay
enter the environment from agricultural runoff, industrial
discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM! ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds,
or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute
effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants
come in contact with a toxic chemical substance.
Zineb has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life and high
acute toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to
evaluate or predict the short-term effects of zineb to plants
or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan,
reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in
appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long
after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical.
Zineb has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of zineb to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Zineb is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Zineb probably does not hydrolyze in water, but probably
degrades rapidly in water under anaerobic (no oxygen)
conditions. Ethylene thiourea is probably a major
degradation product. Zineb probably sorbs to soils.
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BIOACCUMUIATION TM >oUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate,
in living oranisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated- water, or eat contaminated food. These
chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal
organs of^animals and humans.
The concentration of zineb found in fish tissues is expected
to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of zineb
in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
eeb/birds
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