SOURCE TEST REPORT
EPA TEST NO.: 71-CI-21
PLANT TESTED: American Beryllium Company
Sarasota, Florida
TESTOR: Environmental Engineering, Inc.
2324 Southwest 34 Street
Gainesville, Florida 32601
AC 904/372-3318
CONTRACT NO: CPA 70-82, Modification No. 1 to
Task Order No. 2, First of Three Plants
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
INTRODUCTION 1
SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS 2
PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 6
LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS 10
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 12
Procedure for Sampling and Analyzing Beryllium
from Stationary Sources
APPENDIX
Code to Sample Designations 14
Complete Beryllium Test Results 15
Sampling Procedures Used for
Beryllium Sampling . 21
Sampling and Analytical Procedures
Prescribed by EPA 26
Results of Laboratory Analyses for Beryllium 32
Project Participants 33
Field Data 34
-------
INTRODUCTION
Emission tests were performed on three sources located at
the American Beryllium Company in Sarasota, Florida, on August 4,
5 and 6, 1971.
The purpose of these tests was to determine beryllium emis-
sions from a baghouse controlled beryllium machine shop.
American Beryllium is a beryllium metal machining plant
which utilizes bag collectors for controlling beryllium dust emissions,
For all three sources only the baghouse outlets were tested. No
collection efficiencies were determined. Two separate sampling
trains, operated simultaneously, were used in testing each source.
Duplicate tests runs were conducted for all three sources.
- 1 -
-------
S SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
Summarized test conditions and beryllium emission rates for
all three sources tested are included in Tables 1 through 3. Com-
plete stack parameter and'beryllium emission test results are in-
cluded in the Appendix. The tests indicate that American Beryllium
Company emits 11.67 grams of beryllium per 8-hour day.
The following code was used to characterize sample data:
A - American Beryllium Company, Sarasota, Florida
N - North Stack
MN - Middle North Stack
S - South Stack
1 - Run #1
2 - Run #2
G - Gelman type A filter
MP - Mi Hi pore AA filter
GB - Gelman type A filter (when used as a backup)
Be - Beryllium sample
IGB - Impinger and back half acetone and water and rinses, and
backup filter combined.
I - Impinger and back half acetone and water rinses combined
P - Probe particulate and probe acetone wash combined
F - Filter
- 2 -
-------
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF BERYLLIUM EMISSION DATA
AMERICAN BERYLLIUM COMPANY
Sarasota, Florida
MIDDLE NORTH STACK
Run Number
Date
Stack Flow Rate @ Stack
Conditions, CFM
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Stack Gas Temperature, °F
Test Time, Minutes
Beryllium Emissions, Total Catch
ng/m3 @ Stack Conditions
grams/8-hour day
MN-l-MP
8/4/71
4985
0.7
140
120
107.05
7.20
MN-2-MP
8/4/71
4922
0.1
140
120
187.87
12.48
MN-l-G
8/4/71
4668
0.02
140
120
180.61
11.40
MN-2-G
8/4/71
4617
0.01
140
120
224.71
14.02
- 3 -
-------
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF BERYLLIUM EMISSION DATA
AMERICAN BERYLLIUM COMPANY
SARASOTA, FLORIDA
NORTH STACK
Run Number
Date
Stack Flow Rate @ Stack
Conditions, CFM
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Stack Gas Temperature, °F
Test Time, Minutes
Beryllium Emissions, Total Catch
yg/m^ @ Stack Conditions
grams/8-hour day
N-l-MP
8/5/71
1957
0.2
146.5
120
25.79
0.46
N-2-MP
8/5/71
1898
0.2
150
72
6.67
0.12
N-l-G
8/5/71
1983
0.1
146.5
120
6.89
0.18
N-2-G
8/5/71
1810
0.5
150
72
10.10
0.24
- 4 -
-------
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF BERYLLIUM EMISSION DATA
AMERICAN BERYLLIUM COMPANY
SARASOTA, FLORIDA
SOUTH STACK
Run Number
Date
Stack Flow Rate @ Stack
Conditions, CFM
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Stack Gas Temperature, °F
Test Time, Minutes
Beryllium Emissions, Total Catch
yg/m3 @ Stack Conditions
grams/8-hour day
S-l-MP
8/6/71
1108
0.4
139
96
4.47
0.07
S-2-MP
8/6/71
1074
0.4
142.5
96
1.73
0.02
S-l-G
8/6/71
1049
0.2
138
96
18.02
0.26
S-2-G
8/6/71
1074
0.1
140
96
16.38
0.24
-------
PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The American Beryllium Company is a machining facility engaged
in the production of high tolerance components manufactured from be-
ryllium and other specialty metals. Their products include components
for inertia! guidance, optical mirrors, space structural assemblies,
nuclear devices, digital encoders, x-ray telescopes, space instruments,
and memory devices. The operations performed are turning, milling,
grinding, lapping, honing, electrical discharge machining, drilling,
and deburring. All of the operations with the exception of grinding
are performed dry. In addition, small scale plating and thermal cy-
cling operations are carried out in a separate building not connected
to the main structure.
The vacuum collection line for dry machining operations con-
sists of one or more high velocity exhaust pickups positioned at the
tool point which are fed to central baghouses. Prior to entry to
the baghouse the exhaust gases are passed through a chip removal device
located approximately ten feet down the line from the pickup point. All
of the exhaust gases exit through ducts onto the roof of the building
approximately two feet above the roof line. The three exit ducts sam-
pled were designated North, Middle North, and South.
There are seven Gpencer Turbine Co. baghouses servicing the var-
ious beryllium machining devices. The exhaust from four baghouses exits
from the middle north duct at 140°F and 4800 cfm. Two exhaust from the
- 6 -
-------
north duct at 150°F and 1600 cfm and one from the south duct at 140°F
and 1070 cfm. In order to determine the amount of beryllium being
collected during the day of the emission test, the baghouses were
emptied and shaken down prior to the shift beginning the day of the
test. At the end of the shifts for that specific day, the baghouses
were emptied in the same way and the collected dust weighed. This
procedure was also performed on the day preceeding the emission test to
verify the weight range. A list of the baghouses and pertinent infor-
mation is included in Table 4. The four baghouses with the common exhaust
point were treated as one for the weight check. It should be noted
that it is American Beryllium Company's common practice to empty bag-
houses as often as once a day depending on the dust collected. The
baghouse sight glasses are checked every day during lunch break and
emptied if more than half full.
Each baghouse is serviced by a turbine ranging from twenty to
fifty horsepower. The baghouses and turbines are housed in three sep-
arate rooms located within the main structure. American Beryllium
Company personnel were unable to supply any information on bag material
or permeability. However, two different types of bags were in use. A
sample of the two bag types from the north and south baghouses was ob-
tained by EPA personnel.
Examination of the middle-north baghouses resulted in the dis-
covery of considerable deposits of beryllium dust located on top of
the shaker plate in baghouse number three. The deposited dust was over
one-half inch thick in some areas. A further check was conducted in
order to determine if any beryllium dust was located in the duct work
- 7 -
-------
TABLE 4
BAGHOUSE OPERATIONS AT THE AMERICAN BERYLLIUM COMPANY
00
Baghouse
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Turbine
H.P.
25 -s
20 /
V
50 I
50 J
50
50 "|
\
50 J
Exhaust
Flow
Rate Temp. No.
Exhaust Duct ACFM °F Bags
45
45
Middle North 4900 140
61
61
South Duct 1000 150 61
61
North Duct 2000 140
61
First Wt.
Dimensions Check
Dia.(in.) x Length (in.) Ibs. Be
4 x 48
4 x 48
9.9
6 x 48 -
6 x 48
6 x 48 6.4
6 x 48
7.8
6 x 48
Day of
Emission
Test
Second Wt.
Check
Ibs. Be
10.0
8.0
2.2
-------
leading to the exhaust point. Holes were cut in the probable hang-
up areas. No accumulation was present in any area checked, although there
was a film of beryllium dust throughout the observed areas.
The roof area surrounding the middle-north exhaust duct (up
to seventy-five feet from the duct,) also had considerable deposits of
beryllium dust present. A sample was taken by EPA personnel for
chemical analysis, and it was determined that the sample was 89.9%"Be.
No other exhaust points appeared to have any deposits of beryllium
dust in their vicinity.
Upon discussion with company personnel, it was determined that
the subject beryllium deposits occurred during a bag break. Approx-
imately three months prior to the source test, one or more torn bags
were discovered in baghouse number three. The total time this con-
dition existed is in question. Company estimates ranged from one to
thirty days. Upon discovery of the condition, the baghouse was cleaned
and new bags were installed. Apparently the dust deposits located on
the shaker plate were overlooked. Therefore, emission data obtained
from the middle-north exhaust duct may not be representative of normal
plant operation.
- 9 -
-------
LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
Stack extensions were connected to the existing effluent
stacks from the baghouses so that the sampling locations would be
approximately eight stack diameters downstream from any disturbance.
Circular metal stack extensions were used on all sources tested
at American Beryllium Company. In all cases, the sampling location
was eight stack diameters downstream and two stack diameters upstream
from any disturbance. Figure 1 is a typical diagram of the stack
extension used. Figure 2 shows the selected sampling points for all
sampling performed.
-10-
-------
LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
AT AMERICAN BERYLLIUM COMPANY
o
tag-
80
FIGURE NO. 1
Port #1
Port # 2
SAMPLE POINT DISTANCE FROM INSIDE STACK WALL
Point No. 12" I.D. 18" I.D.
2
3
4
5
6
1 3/4"
3 1/2"
8. 1/2"
10 1/4"
11 1/2"
2 5/8"
5 3/8"
12 5/8"
15 3/8"
17 1/4"
FIGURE NO. 2
-n-
-------
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
All sources were tested in such a manner as to comply
with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Proposed Reg-
ulations on National Emission Standards for Five Stationary Source
Categories, published in the Federal Register (36 F.R. 5931,
March 31, 1971). A copy of these procedures from the August 20,
1971 Environment Reporter is presented in the appendix.
Specific testing procedures and modifications of the
prescribed EPA method are also included in the appendix.
All samples collected were sent to EPA personnel in
North Carolina for Beryllium analysis. Laboratory results are
presented in the appendix following.
-------
APPENDIX
-------
CODE TO SAMPLE DESIGNATIONS
A - American Beryllium Company, Sarasota, Florida
N - North Stack
m - Middle North Stack
S - South Stack
1 - Run #1
2 - Run #2
G - Gel man Type A filter
MP - Mi Hi pore AA filter
GB - Gelman type A filter (when used as a backup)
Be - Beryllium sample
IGB - Impinger and back half acetone and water and rinses, and
backup filter combined
I - Impinger and back half acetone and water rinses combined
P - Probe particulate and probe acetone wash combined
F - Filter
-14-
-------
SOURCE TEST DATA
E.P.A. Test No.
No. of Runs
Name of Firm American Beryllium Company
Location of Plant Sarasota, Florida
Type of Plant
Beryllium Machining
Control Equipment Ba9 House
Sampling Point Location Middle North Stack
Pollutants Sampled Beryllium Dust
Run No.
Date
•Time Began
Time End
Barometric Pressure, "Hg. Absolute
Meter Orifice Pressure Drop, "FLO
Volume of Dry Gas Meter @ Meter Cond. , ft^
Ave. Meter Temp. , °F
Volume of Gas Sampled @ Stack Cond., ft^
Volume of h^O Collected in Impingers &
Silica Gel, ml2
Volume of Water Vapor Collected & Stack
Cond., ft3 .
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Mole Fraction of Dry Stack Gas
MN-l-MP
8/4/71
0815
1025
30.00
1.950
101.904
81.8
113.14
15.6
0.83
0.74
0.9926
MN-'l-G
8/4/71
0810
1020
30.05
•2.07
101.592
84.0
111.70
0.5
0.03
0.02
.9998
MN-2-MP
8/4/71
1220
1430
30.00
1.937
101.627
89.0
110.67
2.5
0.13
0.12
0.9988
MN-2-G
8/4/71
1118
1328
30.05
2.07
105.86
90.7
115.05
1.8
0.10
0.08
.9992
-------
Run No.
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, @ Stack Cond.
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, Dry
Stack Gas Sp. Gravity, Ref. to Air
Ave. Sq. Root of Velocity Head, "H20
Ave. Stack Gas Temp., °F
Pi tot Corr. Factor
Stack Pressure, "Hg Absolute
Stack Gas Velocity @ Stack Cond., fpm
Stack Area, ft2
Stack Gas Flow Rate @ Stack Cond., cfm
. Net Time of Test, min.
Sampling Nozzle Diameter, in.
Percent Isokinetic
Beryllium Catch, Probe, yg
Beryllium Catch, Filter, yg
Beryllium Catch, Total, yg
Beryllium Concentration, Probe, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
Beryllium Concentration, Filter, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
Beryllium Concentration, Total, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
28.89
28.97
1.00
0.779
140.0
0.85
30.0
2823
.1.77
4866
120.0
0.250
98.3
172.25
82.8
343.00
53.69
25.84
107.05
Same as Pn
28.97
28.97
1.00
0.729
140.0
0.85
30.0
2644
1.77
4552
120.0
0.250
103.7
457.2
0.65
571.35
144.52
0.21
180.61
vious Page
28.97
28.97
1.00
0.769
140;0
0.85
30.0
2787
1.77
4741
120.0
0.250
97.4 '
321.7
15.25
588.85
99.77
4.87
187.87
28.95
28.97
1.00
0.722
140.0
0.85
30.0
2615
1.77
4448
120.0
0.250
107.9
528.3
26.25
732.15
162.14
8.06
224.71
-16-
-------
SOURCE TEST DATA
E.P.A. Test No.
Name of Firm American Beryllium Company
Location of Plant Sarasota, Florida
Type of Plant Beryllium Machining
Control Equipment Baghouse
North Stack
Sampling Point Location_
Pollutants Sampled Beryllium Dust
No. of Runs
Run No.
Date
Time Began
Time End . ',
Barometric Pressure, "Hg. Absolute
Meter Orifice Pressure Drop, "HpO
Volume of Dry Gas Meter @ Meter Cond., ft3
Ave. Meter Temp. , F
Volume of Gas Sampled @ Stack Cond., ft^
Volume of h^O Collected in Impingers &
Silica Gel, ml2
Volume of Water Vapor Collected & Stack
Cond. , ft3
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Mole Fraction of Dry Stack Gas
N-l-MP
8/5/71
0815
1025
30.00
1.471
90.023
80.8
100.76
3.0
0.16
0.16
0.9984
N-l-G
8/5/71
0819
1020
30.05
1.605
95.080
81.5
106.38
2.5
0.14
0.13
0.9987
N-2-MP
8/5/71
1312
1434
30.00
1.402
53.590
90.5
59.27
1.7
0.09
0.16
0.9984
N-2-G
8/5/71
1123
1245
30.05
1.354
51.968
91.0
55.42
~4.8
0.26
0.47
0.9953
-17-
-------
Run No.
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, @ Stack Cond.
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, Dry
Stack Gas Sp. Gravity, Ref. to Air
Ave. Sq. Root of Velocity Head, "H20
Ave. Stack Gas Temp., °F
Pi tot Corr. Factor
Stack Pressure, "Hg Absolute
Stack Gas Velocity @ Stack Cond., fpm
Stack Area, ft2
Stack Gas Flow Rate @ Stack Cond., cfm
Net Time of Test, min.
Sampling Nozzle Diameter, in.
Percent Isokinetic
Beryllium Catch, Probe, yg
Beryllium Catch, Filter, yg
Beryllium Catch, Total, yg
Beryllium Concentration, Probe, Stack
Cond. , yg/ni3
Beryllium Concentration, Filter, Stack
Cond. , yg/m^
Beryllium Concentration, Total, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
28.95
28.97
1.00
0.685
146.5
0.85
30.00
2494
0.78
1916
120
0.250
99.1
32.10
1.40
73.60
11.25
0.49
25.79
(San
28.96
28.97
1.00
0.694
146.5
0.85
30.00
2526
0.78
1945
120
0.250
103.3
1.25
1.00
20.75
0.42
0.33
6.89
e)
28.95
28.97
1.00
0.662
150.0
0.85
30.00
2418
0.78
1826
72
0.250
100.2
1.65
0.00
11.20
0.98
0.00
6.67
28.92
28.97
1.00
0.630
. 152.0
0.85
30.00
2306
0.78
1671
72
0.250
98.3
1.70
0.00
15.85
1.08
0.00
10.10
-18-
-------
SOURCE TEST DATA
E.P.A. Test No._
Name of Firm
No. of Runs
American Beryllium Company
Location of Plant Sarasota, Florida
Type of Plant
Beryllium Machining
Control Equipment_
Baghouse
Sampling Point Location South Stack
Pollutants Sampled
Beryllium Dust
Run No.
Date
Time Began
Time End
Barometric Pressure, "Hg. Absolute
Meter Orifice Pressure Drop, "HpO
Volume of Dry Gas Meter @ Meter Cond. , ft^
Ave. Meter Temp. , °F
Volume of Gas Sampled @ Stack Cond., ft^
Volume of HgO Collected in Impingers &
Silica Gel , ml2
Volume of Water Vapor Collected & Stack
Cond., ft3
Stack Gas Moisture, % Volume
Mole Fraction of Dry Stack Gas
S-l-MP
8/6/71
0730 •
0916
30.00
0.400
37.755
76.3
42.28
2.8
0.15 .
0.35
0.9965
S-l-G
8/6/71
0725
0911
30.05
0.410
37.153
73.9
41.73
1.6
0.09
0.20
0.9980
S-2-MP
8/6/71
1005
1151
30.00
2.402
93.340
91.0
101.89
8.0
0.43
0.42
0.9958
S-2-G
8/6/71
1014
1200
30.05
2.380
89.031
89.0
97.00
2.0
0.11
0.11
0.9989
-19-
-------
Run No.
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, @ Stack Cond.
Molecular Height of Stack Gas, Dry
Stack Gas Sp. Gravity, Ref. to Air
Ave. Sq. Root of Velocity Head, "H20
Ave. Stack Gas Temp., °F
Pi tot Corr. Factor
Stack Pressure, "Hg Absolute
Stack Gas Velocity @ Stack Cond., fpm
*
Stack Area, ft2
Stack Gas Flow Rate @ Stack Cond., cfm
Net Time of Test, min.
Sampling Nozzle Diameter, in.
Percent Isokinetic
Beryllium Catch, Probe, yg
Beryllium Catch, Filter, yg
Beryllium Catch, Total, yg
Beryllium Concentration, Probe, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
Beryllium Concentration, Filter, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
Beryllium Concentration, Total, Stack
Cond. , yg/m3
28.93
28.97
1.00
0.390
139.0
0.85
30.0
1412
0.78
1097
96
0.250
91.8
2.35
0.35
5.35
1.96
0.29
4.47
(same
28.95
28.97
1.00
0.372
• 138.0
0.85
30.0
1345
0.78
1053
96
0.250
95.1
12.5
1.25
21.30
10.58
1.06
18.02
)
28.92
28.97
1.00
0.377
142.5
0.85
30.0
1369
0.78
1030
96
0.375
101.4
1.65
0.35
5.00
0.57
0.12
1.73
28.96
28.97
1.00
0.380
140.0
0.85
30.0
1377
0.78
1044
96
0.375
96.0
39.2
2.60
45.00
14.27
0.95
16.38
-20-
-------
COMPLETE SAMPLING PROCEDURES USED FOR BERYLLIUM SAMPLING
Prior to performing the actual beryllium particulate runs,
certain preliminary stack and stack gas parameters had to be determined
for each source. This data included the average temperature, velocity
head, moisture content, and the stack diameter at the point where the
tests were being performed.
The stack gas temperature was determined by using bimetallic
thermometers and mercury bulb thermometers.
Velocity head measurements were determined across the stack
diameter by using a calibrated S-type pitot tube with an inclined mano-
meter.
The approximate moisture content of the stack gas was determined
by the wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometer technique.
The sampling traverse points were selected so that a representa-
tive sample could be extracted from the gas stream. The traverse points
for circular stacks were located according to Method 1.
The basis modification of the EPA particulate sampling train for
beryllium sampling was the selection of filter media. Tests were
performed with the Gelman Type A glass fiber filter and also with a type
AA Millipore filter. A schematic diagram of the sampling train used
is shown in Figure A-l.
The gases sampled were collected through the following train:
a stainless steel nozzle; a glass probe; a filter; two impingers with
100 ml of distilled water; one dry impinger; one impinger with 180
-21-
-------
ro
r\>
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.
10.
11.
12,
13.
14.
15,
16,
17,
18.
18
Nozzle (stainless steel)
Probe (Pyrex glass tubing inside stainless steel shaft)
Filter
Ice bath
Impinger with 100 ml distilled water
(modified tip)
Impinger with 100 ml distilled water
Impinger, dry (modified tip)
Impinger with silica gel
(modified tip)
Thermometer
Flexible sample line
Vacuum gauge
Main control valve
Air tight vacuum pump
By-pass control valve
Dry test meter
Calibrated orifice
Inclined manometer
"S" type pitot tube
FIGURE A -l BERYLLIUM SAMPLING TRAIN
-------
grams of silica gel (the second impinger had a standard tip, while
the first, third, and fourth impingers had modified tips with 1/2-inch
ID opening); a flexible sample line; an air-tight pump; a dry test
meter; and finally, a calibrated orifice.
At the American Beryllium Company, two sampling trains were
used simultaneously. One train contained only a glass fiber filter
and the other contained a millipore filter backed up by a Gel man '
Type A glass fiber filter.
Each test run consisted of sampling for a specified time at
each traverse point through either a vertical or a horizontal sampling
position for the first half of the test run, and then switching to the
other sampling position for the second half of the run. Duplicate
samples were taken from all sources. In all cases, the train using
a millipore filter was placed in the vertical position (port opening
located at top of horizontal duct), starting with the sampling point
nearest the bottom of the duct. The sampling train containing the
glass fiber filter always started in the horizontal position -at the
traverse point nearest the port opening. After gases were withdrawn
at the selected six points, the probes (still attached to their res-
pective trains) were switched from vertical to horizontal positions
and vice versa. Both trains were used simultaneously.
Sample recovery for all beryllium tests was accomplished by the
following procedure:
1. Each filter was removed from its holder and placed
in Container No. 1 and sealed.
-23-
-------
2. All sample-exposed surfaces prior to the filter were
washed with acetone and placed into Container No. 2
and sealed.
3. The volume of water in the first three impingers
was measured and then placed into Container No. 3.
The water rinsings of all sample-exposed surfaces
between the back half of the filter holder and
fourth impinger were also placed into Container
No. 3 prior to sealing.
4. The used silica gel from the fourth impinger was
transferred to the original tared container and
sealed.
5. All sample-exposed surfaces between the back half
of the filter holder and the fourth impinger were
rinsed with acetone and the rinsings were placed into
Container No. 5 and sealed.
-24-
-------
PARTTCUUTS TEST CALCULATIONS
BettUUlti Co. . Stack ifll&bLe A/C
fear. Press. 30*0 "Kg. Stack Press, 30-0 "Hg. Stack Dia. /~6
BZ.BO
29. 3?
$ n.
-25-
-------
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS
481
Subparl E—Standards of Perfo.m-
anee for Nilric Acid Plants
§ 466.50 Applicability and designation
of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to nitric ucid plants.
(b)"For purposes of §4GG.ll(e), the
satire plant is the affected facility.
§ 466.51 Definitions.
As u.ert in this part, all terms not de-
fined herein shall have the meaning given
them in the Act:
(a) "Nitric acid plant" means any
facility producing weak nitric acid by
either the pressure or atmospheric pres-
sure process.
(b) "Weak nitric acid" means acid
•which is 50 to 70 percent in strength.
§ 466.52 Standard for nitrogen oxides.
No person subject to the provisions of
this subpart shall cause or allow the dis-
charge into the atmosphere of nitrogen
oxides in the effluent which are:
(a) In excess of 3 ibs. per ton of acid
produced (1.5 Kgm. per metric ton),
maximum 2-hour average, expressed as
NO.
(b) A visible emission within the
meaning of this part. »
§ 466.53 Emission monitoring.
(a) There shall be installed, cali-
brated, maintained, and operated, in any
nitric acid plant subject to the provisions
of this subpart, an instrument for con-
tinuously monitoring and recording
emissions of nitrogen oxides.
(b) The instrument installed ana used
pursuant to this section shall have a
confidence level of at least 95 percent and
be accurate within ±20 percent and shall
be calibrated in accordance with the
method(s) prescribed by the manufac-
turer (s) of such instrument; the instru-
ment shall be calibrated at least once
per year unless the manufacturer(s)
specifies or recommends calibration at
shorter intervals, in which case such
specifications or recommendations shall
be followed.
(c) The owner or operator of any
nitric acid plant subject to the provisions
of this subpart shall maintain a file of ail
measurements required by this subpart
and shall retain the record of any such
measurement for at least 1 year follow-
ing the date of such measurement.
§ -166.5 I Test methods and procedures.
(a) The provisions of this section are
applicable to performance tests for deter-
mining emissions of nitrogen oxides from
nitric acid plants.
(b) All performance tests shall be con-
ducted while the affected facility is
operating at or above the acid product
rate for which such facility was designed.
(c) Test methods set forth in the ap-
pendix to this part shall be used as
follows:
(1) For each repetition the NO, con-
centration shall be determined by using
Method 7. The sampling location .shall be
selected according to Method 1 and the
sampling point shall be the ccntroid of
the stack or duct. The sampling time
shall be 2 hours and four samples shall
be taken during each 2-hour period.
(2) The volumetric How rate of the
total effluent shall bo determined by us-
ing Method 2 and traversing according
.0 Method 1. Gas analysis shall be per-
formed by Method 3, and moisture con-
tent shall be determined by Method 4.
(d) Acid produced, expressed in tons
per hour of 100 percent weak nitric acid,
shall be determined during each 2-hour
testing period by suitable flow meters and
shall be confirmed by a material balance
over the production system.
(e) For each repetition, nitrogen ox-
ides emissions, expressed in Ib./ton of
weak nitric acid, shall be determined by
dividing the emission rate in lb./hr. by
the acid produced. The emission rate
shall be determined by the equation, lb./
hr.=QxC, where Q=volumetric flow
rate of the effluent in ft.Vhr. at standard
conditions, dry basis, as determined in
accordance with § -iGG.54(d) (2), and
C=NO< concentration in Ib./f t.3, as deter-
mined in accordance with § 466.54(d) (1),
corrected to standard conditions, dry
basis.
Subpart F—Standards of Perform-
ance for Sulfuric Acid Plants
§ 466.60 ' Applicability and designation
of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to sulfur acid plants.
(b).For purposes of § 4GG.ll(e) the en-
tire plant is the affected facility.
§ 466.61 Definitions.
.As used in this part, all terms not •
defined herein shall have the meaning
given them in the Act:
(a) "Sulfuric acid plant" means any
facility producing sulfunc acid by the
contact process by burning elemental sul-
fur, alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfidc,
organic' sulfides and mercaptans, or acid
sludge.
(b'i "Acid mist" means sulfur acid mist,
as measured by test methods set forth
in this part.
§ 466.62 Standard for sulfur dioxide.
No person subject, to the provisions of
this subpart shall cause or allow the dis-
charge into the atmosphere of sulfur di-
oxide in the effluent in excess of 4 Ibs.
per ton of acid produced (2 kgm. per
metric ton), maximum 2-hour average.
§ 466.63 Standard for acid mist.
No person subject to the provisions of
this subpart shall cause or allow the dis-
charge into the atmosphere of acid mist
in the efllucnt which is:
(a) In excess of 0.1D lb. per ton of acid
produced (.0.075 Kr.m. per metric ton),
maximum 2-hour average, expressed as
H.SO,.
(b) A visible emission within the
meaning of this part.
§•166.61 Emission monitoring.
(a) There shall be installed, calibrated,
maintained, and operated, in any sulfuric
acid plant subject to the provisions of
this subpart, an instrument for continu-
ously monitoring and recording emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide.
(b) The instrument installed and used
pursuant to this section shall have a con-
fidence level of at least 95 percent and be
accurate within i20 percent :.nd shall
be calibrated in accordance with the
method (s) prescribed by the manufac-
ttirer(s) of such instrument, the instru-
ment shall be calibrated at least once per
year unless the manufacturer (s) speci-
fies or recommends calibration at shorter
intervals, in which case such specifica-
tions or recommendations shall be fol-
lowed.
(c) The owner or operator of any sul-
furic acid plant subject to the provisions
of this subpart shall maintain a file of
all measurements required by this sub-
part and shall retain the record of any
such measurement for at least 1 year
following the date of such measurement.
g 466.65 Test methods and procedures.
(a) The provisions of this section are
applicable to performance tests for de-
termining emissions of acid mist and sul-
fur dioxide from sulfuric acid plants.
(b) All performance tests shall be con-
ducted while the affected facility is op-
erating at or above the acid production
rate for which such facility was designed.
(c) Test methods set forth in the
appendix to this part shall be used as
follows:
(1) For each repetition the acid mist
and SO: concentrations shall be deter-
mined by using Method 8 and traversing
according to Method 1. The sampling
time shall be 2 hours, and sampling vol-
ume shall be 40 ft,0 corrected to standard
conditions.
(2) The volumetric flow rate of the
total effluent shall be determined by us-
ing Method 2 and traversing according
to Method 1. Gas analysis shall be per-
formed by Method 3. Moisture content
can be considered to be zero.
(d) Acid produced, expressed in tons
per hour of 100 percent sulfuric acid
shall be determined during each 2-hour
testing period by suitable now meters
and shall be confirmed by a material
balance over the production system.
(e) For each repetition, acid mist and
sulfur dioxide emissions, expressed in
Ib./ton of sulfuric acid shall be deter-
mined by dividing the emission rate in
lb./hr. by the acid produced. 'Die emis-
sion rate shall be determined by the
equation, lb./hr.=QxC, where Q=volu-
mctric flow- rate of the effluent in ft.Vhr.
at standard conditions, dry basis, as de-
termined in accordance with 5 -ICO.05(d)
(2), and C=acid mist and SO; concen-
trations in lb./ft,= as determined in ac-
cordance with § 4CG.G5(d) (1), corrected
to standard conditions, dry basis.
APPENDIX—TEST METHODS
MFTHOD 1 SAMPLE AND VELOCITY" TRAVERSES
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Principle anil applicability.
1.1 Principle. A sampling site nnd the
numbe,' of traverse points arc selected to
aid in the extraction of n representative
sample.
1.2 Applicability. This method should be
applied only when specified by the test pro-
cedures for determining compliance with
Copyright <£ 1971 by Tlie Bureau of Notional Affairs, Inc.
-------
New Source Performance Standards. This
method Is not Intended to apply »o gas
streams other than those emitted directly to
the atmosphere without further processing.
2. Procedure.
2.1 Selection of s. sampling site and mini-
mum number of traverse points.
2.1.1 Select a sampling site that is at
least eight stack or duct diameters down-
slream and f.vo diameters upstream from
a:sv f\ov: disturbance such as a bend, expan-
sion, contraction, or visible f'.amc. For a
rectangular cress section, determine sm
equivalent diameter from the following
equation:
ffniiva'cut diamutcr=2
,,r(lengt
=2 -—"~
L length-[-width J
equation 1-1
2.1.2 When the above sampling site cri-
teria can be met. the minimum number of
traverse points Is twelve (12).
2.1.3 Some sampling situations render the
above sampling site criteria Impractical.
When this Is the case, choose a convenient
sampling location find use Figure 1-1 to
determine, the minimum number of traverse
points.
2.1.4 To use Figure 1-1 first measure the
distance from the chosen sampling location
to the nearest xipstream and downstream
disturbances. Determine the corresponding
number of traverse points for each distance
from Mgure 1-1. Select the higher of the two
numbers of traverse points, or a greater value.
such that for circular stacks the number Is
a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks
the number follows the criteria of section
2.2.2.
2.2 Cross sectional layout and location of
traverse points.
2.2.1 For circular stacks locate the traverse
points on two perpendicular diameters ac-
cording to Figure 1-2 and Table 1-1.
0.5
1.0
50
NUMBER OF DUCT DIA.V.ETERS UPSTREAM"
(DISTANCE A)
1.5 2.0
2.5
z
o
2
z
20
10
V
T
A
~I"
i
3
_
1
1
4
7DISTUP.3ANCE
. SAMPLING
~SITE
DISTURBANCE
&
•FRO?.! POINT OF ANY TYPE OF
DISTURBANCE (BEND, EXPANSION, CONTRACTION, ETC.)
10
NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS DOWNSTREAM* •
. (DISTANCE 8)
Figure 1-1. Minimum .number of traverse quints.
Figure 1-2. Cross section of circular stack showing location of
traverse points on perpendicular diameters.
o
0
o
1
1
0 } O
1
r _
1
O 1 ©
f
1
, r
1
0 1 '0
1
1
©
9
e
Figure 1-3. Cross section of rectangular stack divided into 12 equal
areas, with traverse points at centroid of each area.
m
33
O
m
3)
m
•o
O
33
m
33
-------
Table 1-1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks
(Percent of stock diameter from inside wall to traverse point)
O
o
Traverse
point
number
on a
diameter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
17
13
19
20
21
22
23
24
Number
6 8 10
4.4 3.3 2
14.7 10.5 8
29.5 19.4 14
70.5 32.3 22
85.3 67.7 34
95.6 80.6 65
89.5 77
96.7 85
91
97
.5
.2
.6
.6
.2
.8
.4
.4
.8
.5
of
12
2
6
11
17
25
35
64
75
82
83
1:
7
3
7
0
5
5
0
3
2
93.3
97
9
traverse
14
1.8
5
9
7
9
14.6
20
26
36
1
9
6
63.4
73.1
79
85
9
4
90.1
94
98
3
2
points
16
1.6
4.9
3.5
12.5
16.9
22.0
23.3
37.5
62.5
71.7
78.0
83.1
87.5
91.5
95.1
93.4
on a
18
1.4
4.4
7.5
10.9
14.6
13.8
23.6
29.6
38.2
61.8
70.4
76.4
81.2
85.4
89.1
92.5
95.6
98.6
diameter
20
1.3
3.9
6.7
9.7
12.9
16.5
20.4
25.0
30.6
38.8
61.2
69.4
75.0
79.6
83.5
87.1
90.3
93.3
9S.1
98.7-
22
1.1
3.5
6.0
8.7
11.6
14.6
18.0
21.8
26.1
31.5
39.3
60.7
68.5
73.9
78.2
82.0
85. 4
83.4
91.3
94.0
36.5
93.9
24
1.1
3.2
5.5
7.9
10.5
13.2
16.1
19.4
23.0
27.2
32.3
39.8
60.2
67.7
72.8
77.0
80.6
83.9
86.8
89.5
92.1
94.5
S5.8
98.9
not be used In the case of noadlrectlonal
now.
2. Apparatus.
2.1 Pilot tube—Type S (Figure 2-1), or
equivalent.
2.2 Differential pressure gauge—Inclined
manometer, or equivalent, to measure ve-
locity head to within 10 percent of the mini-
mum valve.
2.3. Temperature gauge—Thermocouples.
bimetallic thermometers, liquid :Hled sys-
tems, or equivalent, to measure stack tem-
perature to within 1.5 percent of the mini-
mum absolute stack temperature.
2.4 Pressure B.">U[;C—Mercury-filled U-tube
manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack
pressure to within 0.1 In. Hg.
2.5 Barometer—To measure atmospheric
. pressure to within 0.1 In. Hg.
2.2.2. For rectangular stacks divide the
cross section Into as many equal rectangular
areas as traverse points, such that the ratio
of the length to the width of the elemental
areas Is between one and two. Locate the tra-
verse points at the centrold of each equal
area according to Figure 1-3.
3. references. Determining Dust Concen-
tration In a Gas Stream. ASMS Performance
Test Code £27. New York. 1957.
Devorkln, Howard, et al. Air Pollution
Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Con-
trol District. Los Angeles. November 19C3.
Methods for Determination of Velocity,
Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases.
Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu-
facturing Co. Los Angeles. Bulletin V.'P-50.
19C3.
Standard Method Tor Sampling Stacks Tor
Paniculate Matter. In: 1971 Book of ASTM
Standards. Part 23. Philadelphia. 1971. ASTM
Designation D-2928-71.
METHOD 2—DETERMINATION OF STACK OAS
VELOCITY (TYPE S PITOT TUBE)
1. Principle and applicability.
1.1 Principle. Stack gas velocity Is de-
termined from the gas density and from
measurement of the velocity head using a
Type S (Stauschelbe or reverse type) pltot
tube.
1.2 Applicability. This method should be
applied only when specified by the test pro-
cedures for determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards. Be'.ng a
directional Instrument, a pitot tube should
2.6 Gas analyzer—To analyze gas compo-
sition for determining molecular weight.
2.7 Pltot tube—Standard type, to cali-
brate Type S pltot tube.
3. Procedure.
3.1 Set up the apparatus as shown In Fig-
ure 2-1. Make sure all connections are tight
and l«-ak free. Measure the velocity head o.t
the traverse points specified by Method 1.
3.2 Measure the temperature of the stack
gas. If the to'..i! temperature variation with
time is livss than 50" F., a point measurement
will sulllce. Otherwise, conduct p. tempera-
ture traverse.
. 3.3 Measure the static pressure In the
stack.
3.4 Determine the stack gas molecular
weight by gas analysis and appropriate cal-
culation as Indicated In Method 3.
PIPE COUPLING
TUBIP; j ADAPTER
Figure 2-1. Pitot tube - manometer assembly.
4. Calibration.
4.1 To calibrate the pltot tube, measure
the velocity head at some point In a flowing
gas stream "with both a Type S pltot tube and
a standard type pltot tube with known co-
efficient. The velocity of the flowing gas
stream should be within the normal working
range.
-------
484
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
4.J Calculate the pilot tube coefficient then the other pointed downstream. Use tho
islne Equation 2-1. pilot tube only If the two coeilicients differ
by no more than 0.01.
5. Calculations.
Use Equation 2-2 to calculate the stack gas
r'icii equation 2-1
vhcrc:
Cp,,,,:=Pltot tube coefficient of Type S
pilot tube.
Cp,,j—-Pilot tube coefficient of standard
type pilot tube (if unknown, use
0.99).
APItJ=Velocity head measured by stand-
ard type pltot tube.
APteil=Velocity head measured by Type S
pilot tube.
4.3 Compare the coefficients of the Type S
pltot tube determined first with one leg and
PLANT_
DATE_
velocity.
.- pt'i^ "iTTSf, equation 2-2
where:
V. = SU'.ck gas velocity, feet per second (f.p.s.).
. ft. / Ib. V/' when these units
Cn = ritot tube eociliclent. ilimensionlefs.
Ti*=.\l.'so!ute slack sas ie:npcraluri>, °R.
i3aVelod'.y head of slack IMS. in IliO (see nB. 2-2).
1'i^Ab-uiute s:ark ua? ini'^^iire. in 11;:.
M. = .\Io!ecu!ar weight of slack Ras, lb..ll).-inole.
RUN NO.
STACK DIAMETER, in.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. Hg.
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pg|. in. Hg.
OPE RATORS
SCHEMATIC OF STACK
CROSS SECTION
Traverse point
number
Velocity head,.
in. H20
AVERAGE:
Stack Temperature
Figure 2-2 shows a sample recording sheet
for velocity traverse data. Use the averages In
the last two columns of Figure 2-2 to deter-
mine the average stack gas velocity from
Equation 2-2.
6. References.
Mark. L. S. Mechanical Engineers' Hand-
book. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York,
1951.
Perry, J. H. Chemical Engineers' Handbook.
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 19GO.
Shlgehara, R. T., W. F. Todd, and W. S.
Smith. Significance of Errors in Stack Sam-
pling Measurements. Paper presented at the
Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control
Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19, 1970.
Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for
Particulate Matter. In: 1971 Book of ASTM
standards. Part 23. Philadelphia, 1971. ASTM
Designation D-2928-71.
Yennard, J. K. Elementary Fluid Mechanics.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1947.
METHOD 3 CAS ANALYSTS FOR CARBON "DIOXIDE,
EXCESS Allt, AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
1. Principle and applicability.
1.1 Principle. An Integrated or grab gas
sample Is extracted from a sampling point
and analyzed for its components using an
'Orsat analyzer.
1.2 Applicability. This method should be
applied only when specified by the test pro-
cedures for determining compliance with New
Source Performance Standards.
2. Apparatus.
2.1 Grab sample (Figure 3-1).
2.1.1 Probe—Stainless steel or Pyrex'
glass, equipped with a filter to remove par-
tlculate matter. ' .
2.1.2 Pump—One-way squeeze bulb, or
equivalent, to transport gas sample to ana-
lyzer.
2.2 Integrated sample (Figure 3-2).
2.2.1 Probe—Stainless steel or Pyrex >
glass equipped with a filter to remove par-
ticulate matter.
2.2.2 Air-cooled condenser—To remove
any excess moisture.
2.2.3 Needle valve—To adjust flow rate.
2.2.4 Pump—Leak-free, diaphragm type,
or equivalent, to pull gas.
2.2.5 Kate meter—To measure a flow range
from 0 to 0.035 c.f.m.
2.2.6 Flexible bag—Tedlar,1 or equivalent..
with a capacity of 2 to 3 cu. ft. Leak test the
bag In the laboratory before using.
2.2.7 Pilot tube—Type S, or equivalent,
attached to the probe so that the sampling
flow rate can be regulated proportional to the
stack gas velocity when velocity is varying
with time or a sample traverse is conducted.
2.3 Analysis.
2.3.1 Orsat analyzer, or equivalent.
3. Procedure.
3.1 Grab sampling.
3.1.1 Set up the equipment as shown In
Figure 3-1. Place the probe in the stack at a.
campling point and purge the sampling line.
Figure 2-2. Velocity traverse data.
1 Trade name.
Environment Reporter
-------
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS
485
PROBE
FLEXIBLE TUBING
FILTER (GLASS WOOL)
5. References
TO ANALYZER AKshuller. A. P., et al. Storage of Gases
and Vapors in Plastic Bar;s. Int. J. Air &
Water Pollution. C.-75-81. 1003.
Conner, William D., and J. S. Nader. Air
Sampling with Plastic Bags. Journal of the
American Industrial Hygiene Association.
25:291-297. May-June 1964.
Dcvorkln. Howard, et al. Air Pollution
Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Con-
trol District. Los Angeles. November 19G3.
METHOD 4-
SQUEEZE BULB
Figure 3-1. Grab-sampling train.
RATE METER
VALVE
AIR-COOLED CONDENSER
PROBE
QUICK DISCONNECT
FILTER (GLASS WOOL)
RIGID CONTAINER
Figure 3-2. Integrated gas - sampling train.
3.1.2 Draw sample into the analyzer.
3.2 Integrated sampling.
3.2.1 Evacuate the'flexible bag. Set up the
equipment as shown in Figure 3-2 with the
bag disconnected. Place the probe in • the
stack and purge tiic sampling line. Connect
the bag. making sure that all connections
are tight and that there are no leaks.
3.2.2 Sample at a rate proportional to the
stack gas velocity.
3.3 Analysis.
3.3.1 Determine the CO:. O=. and CO con-
centrations as soon as possible. Make as many
passes as are necessary to give constant read-
ings. If more than 10 parses are necessary,
replace the.absorbing solution.
3.3.2 For integrated sampling, repeat the
analysis until three consecutive runs vary
no more than 0.2 percent by volume for each
component being analyr.cd.
1. Calculations.
4.1 Carbon dioxide. Average the three
consecutive runs and report result to the
nearest 0.1 percent CO-'.
4.2 Exci-?s air. Use Equation 3-1 to cal-
culate excess air, and average the runs. He-
port the result to the nearest 0.1 percent
excess air.
X100
volume, dry
volume, dry
by vol-
where:
T<-EA = Percent excess air.
TeO.,=Percent oxygen by
basis.
^iN.,:: Percent nitrogen by
basis.
•c,'cCO:=Percent carbon monoxide
time, dry basis.
0.2G4:= Ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air
by volume.
4.3 Dry molecular weight. Use Equation
3-2 to calculate dry molecular weight and
average the runs. Report the result to me
nearest tenth.
CO,)+0.32(To 03)
H-0.28(
Equation 3-2
weight, lb./lb.-
VL CO)
equation
5-1
where:
Md = Dry molecular
mole.
Ci CO. = Percent carbon dioxide by vojume,
dry basis.
^0;, = Percent oxygen by volume, dry
basis.
TiN., — Percent nitrogen by volume, dry
basis.
0.44 = Molecular weight of carbon dioxide
divided by 100.
0.32 = Molccular weight of oxygen
divided by 100.
0.28 = Molecular weight of nitrogen
divided by 100.
-DETERMINATION OF
STACK CASES
MOISTURE IN
1. Principle and applicability.
1.1 Principle. Moisture is removed from
the gas stream, condensed, and determined
gravimetrlcally.
1.2 Applicability. This method Is appli-
cable for the determination of moisture in
stack gas only when specified by test proce-
dures for determining compliance with New
Source Performance Standards. This method
does not apply when liquid droplets are pres-
ent in the gas stream.2
Other methods such as drying tubes, wet
bulb-dry bulb techniques, and volumetric
condensation techniques may be used sub-
ject to the approval of the Administrator.
2. Apparatus.
2.1 Probe—Stainless steel or Pyrex1 glass
sufficiently heated to prevent condensation
and equipped with a filter to remove par-
ticulate matter.
2.2 Impingcrs—Two midget impingers,
eacli with 30 ml. capacity, or equivalent.
2.3 Ice bath container—To condense
moisture in impingers.
2.4 Silica gel tube—To protect pump and
dry gas meter.
2.5 Needle valve—To regulate gas flow
rate.
2.6 xPump—Leak-free, diaphragm type, or
equivalent, to pull gas through train.
2.7 Dry gas meter—To measure to within
1 percent of the total sample volume.
2.8 Rotameter—To measure a flow range
from 0 to 0.1 c.f.m.
2.9 Balance—Capable of measuring to the
nearest 0.1 g.
2.10 Barometer—Sufficient to read to
within 0.1 in. Hg.
2.11 Pilot tube—Type S, or equivalent, at-
tached to probe so that the sampling flow
rate can be regulated proportional to the
stack gas velocity when velocity is varying
with time or a sample traverse Is conducted.
3. Procedure.
3.1 Place about 5 ml. distilled water in
each impinger and weigh the Impinger and
contents to the nearest 0.1 g. Assemble the
apparatus without the probe as sho-.vn in Fig-
ure 4-1. Leak check by plugging the inlet to
the first impinger and drawing a vacuum. In-
sure that How through the dry g:\s meter is
less than 1 percent of the sampling rate.
3.2 Connect the probe, and sample at a
constant rate of 0.075 c.f.m. or'at a rate pro-
portional to the stack gas velocity not to ex-
ceed 0.075 c.f.m. Continue sampling until the
dry gas meter registers 1 cu. ft. or until visible
liquid droplets are carried over from the first
impinper to the second. Record temperature,
pressure, and dry gas meter reading as re-
quired by Figure 4-2.
3.3 After collecting the sample, weigh the
Impingcrs and their contents again to the
nearest 0.1 g.
i Trade name.
2 If liquid droplets are present In the gas
stream, assume the stream to l>e saturated.
determine the average slack gar, temperature
(Method 1), and use a psychrometrio chart
to obtain an approximation of the moisture
percentage.
Copyright © 1971 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
-------
486
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
4.
4.1 Volume of water collected.
(W,-\V,)UT,M
v.0=
).om^
equation 4-1
where:
V»«=Volume of water vapor collected
(standard conditions), cu. ft.
W»=Final weight of Implngers and
contents, g.
Wi=In.lt!al weight of Impingers and
contents, g-.
R=Ideal gas constant, 21.83-ln. Hg—
cu. ft./lb. mole-' R.
TlU = AbsoHite temperature at standard
conditions, 530° R.
P,u=Pressure at standard conditions,
29.92 in. Hg.
Mw = MoIccular weight of water, 18
Ib./lb. mole.
4.2 Gas volume.
SILICA GEL TUBE
HEATED PROB
FILTER '(GLASS WOOL)
ROTAMETER
\
DRY GAS METER
ICE BATH
LOCATION.
TEST
DATE
OPERATOR.
Fifiure 4-1. Moisture-sampling train.
COMMENTS
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE.
CLOCK TIME
GAS VOLU.V.E THROUGH
METER. (Vm),
H3
ROTAMETER SETTING,
ft-Vmin
METER TEMPERATURE,
°F
-
in. Jig/ ,Tm equation 4-2
where:
T,l
ry gas volume through meter at
standard conditions, cu. It.
= Dry gas volume measured by meter,
cu. It.
= Barometric pressure at the dry gas
meter, In. Kg.
= Pressuro ftt standard conditions,
29.92-ln. Hg.
= Absolute temperature at standard
conditions. 530" R.
— Absolute temperature at meter
(•F. + 4GO). °R.
4.3 Moisture content.
V.
V.. + V,
-+(0.025)
Figure 4-2. Field moisture determination.
equation 4-3
where:
Bwo=Proportion by volume ol water
vapor In the gas stream, dimen-
Blonlcss.
Vwe=Volume of wa-ter vapor collected
(standard conditions), cu. ft.
Vmc=Dry gas volume through meter
(standard conditions), cu. ft.
Bwm^Approximate volumetric proportion
of water vapor In the gas stream
leaving the impingers, 0.025.
5. References.
Air Pollution Engineering Manual.
Danlclson, J. A. (ed.). U.S. DIIEW, PHS.
National Center for Air Pollution Control.
Cincinnati, Ohio. PHS Publication No.
999-Ap-40. 19C7.
Devorkin, Howard, ct til. Air Pollution
Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Con-
trol District. Los Angeles, Calif. November
19C3.
Methods for Determination of Velocity-,
Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases.
Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu-
facturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Bulletin
WP-50. 19C8.
METHOD 5. DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS FKOM STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Principle and applicability.
1.1 Principle. Paniculate matter is with-
drawn Isoktnetlcally from the source and its
weight is determined gravimetrically after
removal of unconibincd water.
1.2 Applicability. This method is applica-
ble for the determination of paniculate
omissions from stationary sources only when
specified by the test procedures for deter-
mining compliance with New Source Per-
formance Standards.
2. Apparatus.
2.1 Sampling train. The design specifica-
tions of the parllculatc sampling ir.iin used
by EPA (Figure 0-1) are described in APTD-
0581. Commercial models of this train are
available.
2.1.1 Nozzle—Stainless steel '(316) with
sharp, tapered leading edge.
2.1.2 Probe—Pyrcx ' glass with a heating
system capable of maintaining a gas tempera-
ture of 250° F. at the exit end during
sampling. When temperature or length
limitations ore encountered, 310 stalnic:;3
step], or equivalent, may bo used, as approved
by the Administrator.
Environment Reporter
-------
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS
487
21.3 Pilot tube—Typo S. or equivalent,
attached to probe to monitor stack .gas
velocity.
2.1.4 Filter holder—Pyrex1 glass with
heating system capable of maintaining any
temperature to a maximum ' 225° F.
2.1.5 Jmplngers—Four impingcrs con-
nected-In series with glass ball joint fittings.
The first, third, and fourth impingers are of
the Oreenburg-Smith design, modified by re-
placing the tip with a H-lnch ID glass tube
extending to 'o-inch from the bottom of the
flask. The second Implngcr is of the Green-
burg-Smith design with the standard tip.
2.1.6 Metering system—Vacuum gauge,
leak-free pump, thermometers capable of
measuring temperature to within 5° F., dry
gas meter with 2 percent accuracy, and re-
lated equipment, or equivalent, as required
to maintain an isokmetic sampling rate and
to determine sample volume.
HEATED AREA FILTER HOLDER THERMOMETER
REVERSE-TYPE
PITOT TUBE
PITOT MANOMETER
ORIFICE
IMPINGERS ICE BATH
BY-PASS VALVE
CHECK
VALVE
' ^VACUUM
LINE
VACUUM
GAUGE
MAIN VALVE
DRY TEST METER
AIR-TIGHT
PUMP
Figure 5-1. ParUculale-sampling train.
2.1.7 Barometer—To measure atmospheric _
pressure to ±0.1 in. Hg.
2.2 Sample recovery.
2.2.1 Probe brush—At least as long RS
probe.
2.2.2 Glass wash bottles—Two.
2.2.3 Glass sample storaje containers.
2.2.1 Graduated cylinder—250 ml.
2.3 Analysis.
2.3.1 Glass weighing dishes.
2.3.2 Desiccator.
2.3.3 Analytical balance—To measure to
itO.l mg.
2.3.4 Beakers—250 ml.
1 Trade name.
2.3.5 Separatory funnels—500 nil. and
1,000 ml.
2.3.0 Trip balance—300 g. capacity, to
measure to ±0.05 g.
2.3.7 Graduated cylinder—25 ml.
3. Reagents.
3.1 Sampling
3.i:i Filters—Glass fiber, MSA HOG BH,
or equivalent, numbered for Identification
and preweighed.
3.1.2 'Silica gel—Indicating type, 0 to 16
mesh, dried at 175° C. (350° F.) for 2 hours.
3.1.3 ' Water—Deionized, distilled.
3.1.4 Crushed ice.
3.2 Sample recovery
3.2.1 Water—Deionized, distilled.
3.2.2 Acetone—Reagent grade.
3.3 Analysis
3.3.1 Water—Deionlzed. distilled.
3.3.2 Chloroform—Reagent grade.
3.3.3 Ethyl ether—Reagent grade.
3.3.4 Dcsiccant—Drlerite,1 Indicating.
4. Procedure.
4.1 Sampling.
4.1.1 After selecting the sampling site and
the minimum number of sampling points,
determine the stack pressure, temperature,
moisture, and range of velocity head.
4.1.2 Preparation of collection train.
Weigh to the nearest gram approximately
200 g. of silica gel. Label a filter of proper
diameter, desiccate3 for at least 24 hours
and weigh to the nearest 0.5 nig. in a room
where the relative humidity is less than
50 percent. Place 100 ml. of water In each of
the first two impingers, leave the third tm-
pinger empty, and place approximately 200
g. of preweighed silica gel In the fourth im-
plnger. Save a portion of the water for use
as a blank in the sample analysis. Set up the
train without the probe as In Figure 5-1,
Leak check the sampling train at the sam-
pling site by plugging the inlet to the filter
holder and pulling a 15-ln. Hg vacuum. A
leakage rate not In excess of 0.02 c.f.m. at a
vacuum of 15-in. Hg Is acceptable. Attach
the probe and adjust the heater to provide a
gas temperature of about 250° F. at the
probe outlet. Turn on the alter heating sys-
tem. Place crushed Ice around the Impingers.
Add more Ice during the run to keep the tem-
perature of the gases leaving the last im-
plnger at 70° F. or less.
4.1.3 Participate train operation. For each
run record the data required on the example
sheet shown In Figure 5-2. Take readings
at each sampling point at least every 5 min-
utes and when significant changes in stack
conditions necessitate additional adjust-
ments in flow rate. To begin sampling, po-
sition the nozzle nt the first traverse point
.with the tip pointing directly into the gas
stream. Immediately start the pump and ad-
Just the flow to isokinetic conditions. Main-
tain isokinetic sampling throughout the
sampling period. Nomographs are available
which aid in the rapid adjustment of the
sampling rate without other computations.
APTD-057C details the procedure for using
these nomographs. Turn off the pump at the
conclusion of each run and record the final
readings. Remove the probe and nozzle from
the stack and handle in accordance with the
sample recovery process described In section
4.2.
"Dry xising Drierite ' at 70° ±10" F.
Copyright <£ 1971 by The Bureou of Nationol Affairs, Inc.
-------
488
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
PUNT
LOCATION.
OPERATOR _
DATE :
RUN NO.
SAMPLE BOX N0^
METER BOX N0.
METER AH,.,
C FACTOR
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE.
ASSUMED MOISTURE, •'._
HEATER BOX SETTING
PROBE LENGTH, in.
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. _
PROBE HEATER SETTING.
SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION
TRAVERSE POINT
NUMBER
TOTAL
SAMPLING
TIME
(o}. mtn.
AVERAGE
STATIC
PRESSURE
(P«). in. H.j.
STACK
"TEMPERATURE
|TS). °f
\
VELOCITY
HEAD
I a PS).
PRESSURE
DIFFERENTIAL
ACROSS
ORIFICE
METER
( 4 H),
in. H2O
GAS SAMPLE
VOLUME
(Vml. ft3
GAS SAMPLE TEMPERATURE
AT DRV GAS METER
INLET
ITmin).'F
Avg.
OUTLET
-°F
Avg.
Avg.
SAMPLE BOX
TEMPERATURE,
°F
IMPINGER
TEMPERATURE.
"f
Figure 5-2. Pailiculale Meld data.
4.2 Sample recovery. Exercise care in mov-
ing the collection train from the test site to
the sample recovery .area to minimize the loss
or collected sample or the gain of .extraneous
participate matter. Set aside portions of the
water and acetone used in the sample recov-
ery as blanks for analysis. Place the samples
in containers as follows:
Container No. 1. Remove the filter from its
holder, place In this container, and seal.
Container No. 2. Place loose paniculate
matter and acetone washings from all sam-
ple-exposed surfaces prior to the filter in this
container and seal. Use a razor blade, brush,
or rubber policeman to loosen adhering par-
ticles.
Container No. 3. Measure the volume of
water from the first three impinger* and
place the water in this container. Place water
rinsings of all sample-exposed surfaces be-
tween the filter and fourth Impinger In this
container prior to sealing.
Container No. 4. Transfer the silica gel
from the fourth impinger to the original
container and seal. Use a rubber policeman
as an aid in removing silica gel from the
impinger.
Container No. 5. Thoroughly rinse all sam-
ple-exposed surfaces between the filter and
fourth impinger with acetone, place the
washings in this container, and seal.
4.3 Analysis. Record the data required on
the example sheet shown in Figure 5-3.
Handle each sample container as follows:
Container No. 1. Transfer the filter and any
loose paniculate matter from the sample
container to a tared glass weighing dish, des-
sicate, and dry to a constant weight. Report
results to the nearest 0.5 ing.
Container No. 2. Transfer the acetone
washings to a tared beaker, and evaporate to
dryness at ambient temperature and pres-
sure. Dessicate and dry to a constant weigiit.
Report results to the nearest 0.5 mg.
Container No. 3. Extract organic paniculate
from the impinger solution with three 25 ml.
portions of chloroform. Complete the ex-
traction with three 25 ml. portions of ethyl
ether. Combine the ether and chloroform ex-
tracts, transfer to a tared beaker and evapo-
rate at 70' P. until no solvent remains. Des-
sicate, dry to a constant weight, and report
the results to the nearest 0.5 nig.'
Evaporate the remaining
watnr portion at 2l£<*Fo
Dessicate the residue, dry
to a constant weight, and
report the results to the
nearest Oo5 rcgo
Container No0 I4o Weigh the
spent silica gel and report
to the nearest gram.
Environment Reporter
-------
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS
489
PLANT.
DATE
RUN1 •••?._
CONTAlMEn
NUMBER
1
2
3a'
3b"*
5
TOTAL
\YEIGHT OF PARTICIPATE COLLECTED,
mg
FINAL V.'EIGHT
7!>~~g-/ \N u,i,,i
equation .">-•!
where:
c'. = Conccntratlonof participate matter
in stack gas (Sample Concentra-
tion Method), gr./s.c.f.
Mn=Totnl njnount of paniculate mat-
ter collected, mg.
viotai— Total volume of gas sample (stand-
ard conditions), cu. ft.
6.2 Ratio of area method.
6.2.1 Stack gas velocity. Collect the neces-
sary data as detailed In Method 2. Correct the
Copyright £ 1971 by The Bu.cou of National Affairs, Inc.
-------
i-i
1
gas velocity to standard conditions
(29.92 in. Hg, 530'' H.) as follows:
P,
17.71rUf WVPA
in. Hg/ \ i, /
equation o-o
where:
V«>tll = Stack gas velocity at standard con-
ditions, ft. /sec.
V. = Stack gas velocity calculated by
Method 2, Equation 2-2, ft./sec.
P.=Absolute stack gas pressure, in. H = Densi;y of water. 1 g./ml.
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 In. Hg-cu.
ft./lb. mole- H.
n.n = Molccular weight of water, 18 Ib./lb.
inoie.
Vn» = Voiu!ne of gas sample through the
dry gas meter (meter conditions),
cu. ft.
Tm — AbKOlute average dry gas meter tem-
perature (see Figure 5-2), "R.
Utr = Baroi:i'.'tric pressure at sampling
site, in Kg.
JH = Avf rage pressure drop across the ori-
fice (see Figure 5-2}, in H..O.
T« = Absolute average stack gas tempera-
ture (see Figure 5-2), 'R.
where:
c.=Average partlculate concentration In
the stack gas. gr./s.c.f.
Ct = Concentration of participate matter
in the stack gas (Ratio of Area
Method), gr./s.c.f.
bio for the determination of sulfur dioxide
emissions from stationary sources only when
. spccliied by the test procedures for deter-
mining compliance with New Source Penorm-
anco Standards.
2. Apparatus.
2.1 Sampling. See Figure 6-1
2.1.1 Probe—Pyrex ' glass, approximately
5-G mm. ID. with a heating system to prevent
condensation and a inter to remove partlcu-
late matter Including sulfuric acid nilst.
2.1.2 Mldjxt bubbler—One. with glass
wool packer! In top to prevent sulfurlc acid
mif>t carryover.
2.1.3 Gln.ss wool.
2.1.4 Midget implngers—' hree.
2.1.5 Drying tube—Packed with 6 to 16
mesh Indicating-type silica gel or equiva-
lent, to dry the sample.
2.1.G Pump—Leak-free, vacuum type.
2.1.7 !{:tie meter—Rotamcter, or equiva-
lent, to measure a 0-10 s.c.f.h. How range.
2.1.3 Dry gas meter—Sulliclently accurate
to measure the sample volume within 1
percent.
2.1.9 Pilot tube—Type S, or equivalent.
ncce.'isary only if a sample traverse Is re-
quired or if stack gas velocity varies with
time.
2.2 S.".mp!e recovery.
2.2.1 Glass wash bottles—Two.
2.2.2 Polyethylene storage bottles—To
store Impingcr samples.
2.3 Analysis.
1 Trade name.
, equation 5-7
0 = Total sampling time, mln.
V« —Stack gas velocity calculated by
Method 2. Equation 2-2, ft./sec.
P. = Absolute stack gas pressure. In. Hg.
A,i = Cross-sectlonal area of nozzle, sq. ft.
6.4 Acceptable results. The following
range sets the limit on acceptable isokinetic
sampling results:
If 82 percent 2 sampling train.
-------
RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES FOR BERYLLIUM
Sample No. Code yg Be *Total yg Be
t Be-A-N-1-G-P
2 Be-A-N-1-G-F
3 Be-A-N-1-G-I
4 Be-A-N-1-MP-P
5 Be-A-N-1-MP-F
6 Be-A-N-1-MP-IGB
7 Be-A-N-2-G-P
8 Be-A-N-2-G-F
9 Be-A-N-2-G-I
10 Be-A-N-2-MP-P
11 Be-A-N-2-MP-F
12 Be-A-N-2-MP-IGB
13 Be-A-MN-1-G-P
14 Be-A-MN-1-G-F
15 Be-A-MN-1-G-I
16 Be-A-MN-1-MP-P \,t.t?^ \ „
17 Be-A-MN-1-MP-F 82.80 (r * 343.00 J fl
18 Be-A-MN-1-MP-IGB 87.95 J
19 Be-A-MN-2-G-P 528.3 A
20 ' Be-A-MN-2-G-F 26.25 j-
21 Be-A-MN-2-G-I 177.6 J
22 Be-A-MN-2-MP-P 321.7 -\
23 Be-A-MN-2-MP-F 15.25 f
24 Be-A-MN-2-MP-IGB 251.9 )
25 Be-A-S-1-G-P 12.5 \
26 Be-A-S-1-G-F 1.25 \
27 Be-A-S-1-G-I 7.55 J
28 Be-A-S-1-MP-P 2.35\
29 Be-A-S-1-MP-F
30 Be-A-S-1-MP-IGB
31 Be-A-S-2-G-P
32 Be-A-S-2-G-F
33 Be-A-S-2-G-I „._„ , .
34 Be-A-S-2-MP-P
35 Be-A-S-2-MP-F
36 Be-A-S-2-MP-IGB 3.00 )
67 Be-A-G-Blank 0.40
68 Be-A-MP-Blank 0.00
71 Be-A-MN-W-HiVol 637.5
72 Be-A-S-W-HiVol 1.55
* Total yg Be per run
** Denotes that the two particulate runs were accomplished at the same time,
in the same stack with a separate probe (two probes total) for each run.
-32-
-------
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
NAME
John Kopgler, Ph.D., P.I.
John Dollar, E.I.T., MS
Robert Durgan, Tech.
George Allen, Tech.
TITLE
Project Director
Project Manager
Environmental Specialist
Environmental Specialist
-33-
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHEET
Sampling L
Date
Tim* Start
option /^/Wo//e. //or//) Stock^
, Run Ho. ^*
.:U.:'i . Time End fc1')"^
S.jcnplinE Time/Point
DB CF. WB °F. DP °F. VF 3 DP "He
Moisture £.FDA .Gas Density Factor
Barometric
Weather
Temp.
SampL
Meter
Nozzle
.'robe
Press. "He. Stack Press.
"He
C/0UC/tf
°F. W/D . W/S
; Box
j Dia
Heat
Dime
Port And
Traverse
Point No.
* • ^^
i/^r-V t6^
uL
-i.
a.
3
3
*l
*^
No.
SM . pitoi
• 0. e<5 ii
er Settine_
nsions i In
In
He-
i
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
*
.
, Meter 1
•, Corr. I
i • , Prob<
side Diai
;ide Are.
Leht
^OX No. P.E.JL~'e2~
"actor O» o O
3 Leneth ^ ft
neter ./ & . in
a A "7^*7 ft^
ft
Clock
Time
IIIK
\13
/ "2&
33
fl*&
./lT-3
//^E
/3'2»'2-
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
/^^. 7^^
/^t3. 7
/9/f • 7
,9,63, 7
'ZoA.'?
^/3.3
«St/ "7'- 9
S.'S.S'^SW
!&**'/ •
Sketch Of Stack «
^**^^ ' °7
d**?
2/ "5
•fo •&-
^\S"
*^,3
^,3
fttfS'
/,££'
Fin
Ini
Tot
Moi
Sil
Ors
Tes
Rom
al Gas Met
tial Gas ^
al Condens
sture In S
ica Gel Cc
at i C02
°2
CO
N2
Exce
A
t Conducte
arks « ^
Stack Gas
Temperature
fF)
/ 4
1 1
/t,
K
1,
1
0.)
-0-1
to
(•p
4o
fo
/^o
er
ete
ate
ili
»nta
ss
Lir
d B
fsn
ileadin
r Read
In Im
ca Gel
iner N
y»
•t
ine
a,^.. 5^1 ft3
/88.7^>D ft3
pingers
336.8
9.1
J 5 / -^-<^* 1 -»
•s-9- ml
- Z//.0 ~ 251 //em
S Fnter No.^iiKeT'^
^a Ge,/rtan 'Ju0e. W'tf/Tfer
^>$
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In Out
^4 1
f^f
1
0
^fO
Qq, <^^
3U- €
r4-
5«. q
0
0
z
7«sr 9"z»j
^/
^
4-6"
4-> &
La* • feat
4»"0
4- 6
*S- o
*5~. 0>
Last Impinger
Temperature
/)
^W«i jU-?^L^JL
(7
-------
Fort And
Traverse
Point Ho»
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Motor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press.Diff.
(2*2°);
Calc 0 T7L
ctual
Stack Gas
Temperature
CF)
Gas Sample
Ternp. @ Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Last Impinger
Temperature
LE.
3
•3ft?
l&**t f V— J
a. fcj
•2.77.
/
• '
«-* » K^—«
tTT?"
2.. (
Ka
-V
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHEET
f 7
w.plir.g Location
ittQ $»re)/iurt> Co, Sornstifa. f/a-
h
_f Run No. /
DP
imo Start O 3/O , Time End_
xr.pl ing Time/Point /Offn
B/fQ °F. vn3g7°F. DP^_°F, VF
oisture ^»6 £.FDAflff7l.Gas Density Factor
aromotricJ3ress.^:a£"Hg, Stack Press.
eather
. W/D_
., W/S.
ample Box No._
_, Meter Box No<
robe Heater Setting
tack Dimensions < Inside Diameter /Z>
Inside Area
"Hg
eter A Hg / ^ 0 . Pitot Corr. Factor 0
lo Dia.. ^>?«5 in.. Probe Lenrcth ^ ft
Height y^r/
/P ft
Sketch Of Stacki
Ts
X^~^^
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading /
ft3
ml
Initial Gas Meter Reading OS*?- O^D O
Total Condensate In Itnpingers '^f^
Moisture In Silica Gel ,.£?£ 9 -3r/<-4 ~ 3
Silica Gel Container Mo. ^2, .Filter No. 1C 'L-
Orsati COo ,
CO
N2
Excess
Air
Test Conducted 3yi
Remarks «
"fa P& A" -fl
^
!;•
E,
3ort And
'racverse
Joint No.
Distance
From Erd
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Tijne
Gas Meter
Stack
Velocity
Head
C"H,Q)
Meter
Orifice
Press.Diff.
C'HpO)
Calc. I Actual"
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Temp. © Dry
Gas Meter
In
Out
Last Impinger
Temperature
J0_^
.a_a
ua.
&.??
_L
/s
,4
17 'At-
.S3
6'
3.4
-------
Port And
Traverse
Point No.
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
C"H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press oDiff.
("HgQ).
Calco Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
Out
Last Impinger
Temperature
/
J_.
•L,
T
62,
- .-, JTJ'-.. •Ji^.J'^—.,
^S^» * xoff^ w^ *
3 a
"^^
Z£2.
2H
4a
"52T
7
-- -i
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FICLC DATA SKEST
ampling Location
"
_, Lun No._
., Time Erxl_
•\ in
/ft//?
lanpling Time/Point €?
[cr: VIP 63 °F.- DP£0 °F. VF 3 DPj^Sf?! "Hg
fois tureA 7^ ^. FDA y^5/ Density, Factor
barometric Press."1*'0 "HE. Stack Press. "Hg
feather :
°F. W/D__
sample Box No._
, W/S_
t Meter Box No.
_, Pitot Corr. Factor
Nozzle Dia. 0/3L.S in.. Probe Length_
'robe Heater Settirig ^^
Scaci: Dimensions i Inside Diameter
Inside Area
Height,
* 8
ft
in
Sketch Of Stack:
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading 4 SO » 753 ft3
Initial Gas Meter Reading A A 3~ (y O O ft3
Total Condensate In Impingers — Z- O ml
Moisture In Silica GelZ^?,/- 2
Silica Gel Container No. \lo .FHter Ko.gflO97
Orsat t C02
°2 '
CO
N2
Excess
Air
Test Conducted
Remarks I
I
I
ar
QS
SVae< ft
cJciS Cor r
ort And
'ravorse
oint No.
Distance
Fro-n End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Tirae
Gas Motor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
(MH?0)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
Calc. Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sartple
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impinge
Temperature
o7£?
0.13
if
73-
0733
- s
0. 1 3
&J.
>. t~
sn
f
o-
a
2L
0- 5
77-
. o i
63- 4) Q- 15* }. C.S'o
07531
O.5*<
O.
o..
/3S
38
72-
2L
~73
71 ^3-0
y~v..? * °
-------
Port And
Traverse .
Point Noo
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Prcss.Diff.
("H20.).
Calc o Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
PF)
Gas Sample
Temp a @ Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impinger
Temperature
.J^JL
V *> £.}•
a. P
Q.&&
wS
4
JT
a.
/32
_2A
73
aSsf1
S. 4
0.30
a 17-
0.30
70.
o. i<
O-
O.35
. /
O
0.32-
O. 14
O
cTTK
73
3
3_&
13 &
ISA
, a
73
8.0
O
, a
...4.
47 f T 3
©.
i—(_)..
o,
77
,b
LJl
^37 - /^J
-A
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHEET
lant
ampling L
ate o "
imo
Start
ampling T
'B °F.
ocation S0UT
-(2>— 7/
^ Sh^cilC
. Run No. *»s.
/O I 4- . Time End
ime/Point S /fl| n
rfB °FS DP °F
ioisture 15,FDA ,Gas
tero
/eat
'emp
iamp
lete
DE
L 70 /?7//5 f&fa/J
VF 3 DP "He
;nsitv Factor
metric Press .3'0,flS*'Hft. Stack Press.
her
°F. W/D
le Box
r A Ha
tozzlu Dia
*robe Heat
itack Dime
Port And
Traverse
Point No.
i&r\^s
T
: 1
I
7.
7.
.3
^3
^
Hf
Ho.
/,£ . Pitol
.0.3T5 ir
er Setting__
"HK
. W/S
t Meter 1
: Corr. I
i., Probs
nsions i Inside Diar
Inside Are.
He-
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Leht
3ox No.
"actor ^* S^S
5 Length ft
neter I ^-~ • in
a O« 7^^5" ft^v
ft\
Clock
Time
Ml
JA"r- v. ' •• c
^sfi ^
/Mk). *• i-i
(p 2- 5
Bb.ifi
bl. V
4,32^
**.«,***•
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
6. IS
0,\\
O. }&
o. 4
o, 4
a, 3
o». 3
O* 13
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
C'HpO).
Calc.
Z- 1 ^
I >^
Z''3<^
^.30.
1L*JJ3§
2. to
i2L»/°
2-10
/6
Gas Sample -
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
^4
S^
c'o
c 0
90
|H
oo
36
Out
€"2-
S"2-
t4-
4
R1^"
^(i,
^ 4?
B&>
-Sara:}
n
d
m
32
N
J
T £
ing^
)7D»74-<$- ft3
181*7/3 ft3
singers
3/*i»-
D. £
56) ml
Z/_5,3 - ^^eOnil
.Fnter No.flOc;f2S
T TbAT"
iL
IP
e— Be=>
•«
^, 2=,
\Jj » i£Lzm
Co * *3
6-
5s"
^ a™
6,
0
65, O
^ • o
Last Impinger
Temperature
-------
Fort And
Traverse
Point Moo
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
C"H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press oDiff
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Tempo @ Dry
Gas Meter
Last Impinger
Temperatiire
-------
Lant
rr
Location
/1 turn C&
SOURCE SETTLING FIELD DATA SHEET
Sana sofa . f la ,
ate
Bun No.
>T. -
&$>
imo Start
rnpling Time/Point
B'/f/ffr, vjB_n°F, DP
Time End
F. VF 3 DP
: "Hg
oistur'e' f. £? £.FDA —• .Gas Density Factor
aromotric Press. 3O"Hf;. Stack Press. "3 O "Hg
cathcr CL/ftLLCtU, ~~ p~KJ
cmp.! ^*P °F. W/D . VJ/S "
anple Box I.'o.^JT . Meter Box No f*^^5
etoij AHg /rjQ\ Pitot Corr. Factor
Dia.
in». Probe Length
ft
'obg Heater Setting '":.-*
tack Dimensionsi Inside Diameter
. . Inside Area gg>
in
Sketch Of Stack*
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading
Initial Gas Meter. Readinrc •
Total Condensate In Impingers
Moisture In Silica Gel 2^ ft 2 -
*~ <£-€•>
Z) ft3
ft3
ml
- S &
Silica Gel Container No./7.Filtor No.
-------
ort And
roverse
oint No
Distance
From End
Of Port
Clock
Time
Gas He tor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
C"H20)
Meter
Orifico
Press .Diff .
.("H2a).
Calco Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
CF)
Gas Sample
Tempo © Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impinger
Temperature
TbT^i
/Ia-
aa/./
0-2. a.
o.
a. .3
3
73
O
HZE
3
O.
0.37
75"
o.
G . /jT
X
77 i 75"
eP •
77
^ '/a.
J^fcf
3S",
0.
3 7,
a
$1
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHEET
lant
ampling Location
late fitALSi , »,
jr 'Etfft V^
'imo Start
Bun No.
Time End
fV-3
"Hg
iampling Time/Point
)Bj/3/0°F, WD' '°F, DP ^°F. VF.3 DP
loistifel' O JS.FDA .Gas Density Factor ' '
hromotric Press. &O "Hg. Stack Press. 3d> "Hg
^ XI
7eath-3r
TempJ
i'.
Sanple Box No.
•leterj AH§
, Meter Box No. J^ £
Q
_ . . Pitot Corr. Factor_J
Nozzle Dia. yo in.. Probe tength
Probe. Heater Setting '—
Sttok yiin^nsionsi Inside Diameter /o*—•_
.. . Inside Area
Height
ft
Sketch Of Stack i
in
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading /3S>-
ft
Initial Gas Meter Reading
Q
Total Condensate In Impingers ""~ *"
Moisture In Silica Gel 33&" / - 3&& / =
Q f t
ml
Silica Gel Container No.,3) .Filter
Orsati C02 . [
CO
N2
Excess
Air
Test Conducted Byi
r;
M
?\
x1
Remarksi
Port And
Traverse
Point No
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press.Diff.
(••ii2o)
Calc. I Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
C'F)
Gas Sample
Temp. © Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
V6&
Last Impinger
Temperature
3+3S'
cD./J
JOLTS'
AS.'
0./
-------
'ort And
'roversc
'oint No.
Distance
From End
Of Port
(In)
Clock
Tine
Gas Metor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff
("H20)
Calc » j Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Inpinger
Temperature
0./3
"l 1 i'/.3
a
5M
3V '<2~
'tl&A
I
//:33
*~7
£<%
s
<=?/
•**) 5^i
j&*,». <3y
73
92.
0./&
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHKET
implinr» L
ate B
ime Start
ocation A/£>fTn Z^TdQfc «
- S- "7 / . Hun No. I
£> 8 / 9 . Time End
amplinpr Time/Point /O /OW O&Q ffKrti 7^7^/0
3 °Fi VJB °F. DP °F. VF 9 DP "He
oisture &,FDA ,Gas Density Factor
arometric
eather
Press. "He. Stack Press.
"HR
cmp. °F. W/D . W/S
ample Box
eter A Hg.^
ozzle Dia
robe heat
lack Dim
'ort And
'oint Ho.
^l?t^
H 1
)
i
a-
3
3
cL
//.
No.
/-^ . Pitol
. $/. 0? O ir
er Setting^
.is ions • In:
In:
He:
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
. - •— - •— -
, Meter 1
^ Corr . 1
i.t Probe
side Diai
side Aie<
Leht
lox No.
"actor $* Q O
3 Length ft
netei' (f Xl* in
i <0. 7^^" ft2
ft
Clock
Time
o& H,
Ofc^-
<&X3tf
O^T
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
*
^7¥- (&Cr®
—
—
3>c>(&t *7
oHS^i 3>/0 * 9
o 2 4 ^
^^.AI
Q'O^'T
oK^f1
a/^^
^ / $ ,» 2-
3J3.V
3a.6» .q s
— 3TS..-™. n a 1 '
Sketch Of Stack «
|03>
T
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Q.^gO
O. vts""
d)- ^57
0, 6.0
O. t>3
&• *4>S~
®.4&
0» ^
1*^Q
A 6<0
/ «xS<3
Actual
/* ^O
/'£)&
A??
^3 f^
/ .5<5
A ^0
AvSb
Final Gas Meter Reading ScS/'WoO fV
Initial GJ
Total Cone
Moisture '.
Silica Gel
Orsatt (
(
1
I
is Mete
lens ate
[n Sili
L Conta
:o2
:o
h
Sxcess
Air
r Read
In Im
ca Gel
iner N
inr ^^^' ^ ^^ f t3
pingers
234,*
s»f~ .
*~~ '3--e?- ml
;' 2/^0 -2^.5'em
Filter No. <^>///
Test Conducted By:
Remarks i
Stack Gas
Temperature
1 4-S~
/4s^
I QS^
1^5
1 if.*jT
/ ^-vJ^
/ 45"
/ T&*
G
> FSiil
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
78
7^
74
7?
77
go
§1
!/
I
Out
77
***\j
f\£$
"?b
7s
\sy
76
.iGJft^S?
^/*; fa /Ter
v3 ^u'X
nr^t'i'e
4*
O
3- ^
it* O
-------
Port And
Traverse
Point Ko«
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press oDiffo
Calc
Actual
Stack Gas
Temporatttre
CT)
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
Out
TeHlpsr^rfctcre
Last Impinger
Temperature
I
7-
-------
SOURCE SAMPLING FIELD DATA SEEET
>lant
Sampling Location /vQr\h -*jtftcR» t
)ato . Hun No. 2-
i'imo Start . Time End
Sampling Time/Point &lfn//0 Cj!7^2-m/X)*j5/ai_J
DB °F. MB °F, DP °F. V? 3 DP "He
Moisture 1£,FDA ,Gas Density Factor
Baromotric Press. "He. Stack Press. "He
I.T _.»,-„.
Weaunor
Temp. °F. W/D . W/S
Sample Box No. , Meter Box No.
V^4-*.i« A Uo / & iJ T34 4- *-»4- r*»i*«v« T?nj".4-A-M ^7 Jr *«S
fieuer u Its f > «3 i^, ritot Corr. r actor k/,* \j *-•*
Nozzle Dia« ^.^5 in.. Probe Leneth ft
Probe Heater Settine
Stack Dimensions i Inside Diameter _/^* in
Inside Area $r'7&$ ft2
Heieht ft
Sketch Cf Stack i
..-
. -
^
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Readine ^ 43 * 4 4 ft f t^
Initial Gas Meter Reading ^ ^ / • -4 7-Z ft3
Total Condensate In Impine;er5 •"* \ *\>-~ ml
Moisture In Silica Gel Z 2<6r»5 -- Z/£».O _ /£&m
Silica Gel Container No. 5 .Filter No^^S^
Orsati C05 . 1 '
0, -
CO
No , .
Excess
Air
Test Conducted Byi
/^ ^ / /\^ / /
Remarks: v.*^ C?V /^ 'O yi /~f//&(~
•
Port And
Traverse
Foir.c. No.
If
(L( fa. (i>c
H^~l
I
Stack Gas
Temperature
'
• 8
v£
\M
s , t
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
Last Impinger •
Temperature .
•
•
I
i
i
' i
' i a
-------
Pert ArrJ.
Tr-T/crse
Point Nee
Distance
Fron End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Hetor
Reading
Cft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
("H20)
ac
Actual
Stack Ga?5
Temperature
•C*F)
Gas Sample
Temp» © Dry
Gas Motor
In Out
Sample Box
Temperature
C"F)
Last Impinger
Temperature
4s-
6
Ug&L
.
-ts>l
330
. /
0^3?
IB !
3
.
3?
1
c .
4-
-------
nrni
ant S;(_//7\J%M<*5au>f^ /^O/\4K4^V^(^^^^'
upline Location 'NO&rH DUCT~\
te L///C60L* £>J '/9*7/ .Run No* /
me Start '" . 0T$43T" . Time .End /i^Sf^
spline Time/Point /t£- CQM& (P^/O ftt&fl}*- /&2O'W&u
W5°F. VH3 °F, DP °F. VF 3 DP "Kg
isturfF /•£>£. FDA .Gas Density Factor
romotric Press. 36) "Hg. Stack Press. Z?0) "Hg
ather T^OO^a ^ /fot*
mpJ 80fA°F. W/D . W/S
nplc Dox No.'^~5' . Meter Dox No* -"J^
:ter|AH3 /^7^-, Pitot Corr. Factor (Dffft-5
>zzle Dia. _/^f in*. Probe Lenftth 0 ft
•obe Heater Setting *" "~
iack Dimensions i Inside Diameter /o-*- in
Inside Area @$~78'S^7 ft^
Sketch Of Stack I.
/I'' r;'"
,.'/•-• ' 1
,".,-• /--''''•;• •
/ ^ .
* ^y , *
Mat'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading ^SOo / /3 ft^
Initial Gas Meter Read
Total Condensate In Im
Moisture In Silica Gel
Silica Gel Container N
Orsati CO?
0, •
• CO
No
Excess
Air
inr S£>O « 6^O f t^
pincers — ~2~ tyr ml
237-.F-2/&0 = 27.0 on
o. ',D .Filter No.flOOfi?O S5
1
Test Conducted Eyi ^^ (^c^S^KXAO
' ^^—O<^. J^^^>vO.
<<2^. &CL&J&DUL)
>C/
Remarks I '/}r>J ^ ^ LuQ^QJl^ -£•/ //r,—
Heighb/fee/3 -
O ft
Drt And
averse
int No*
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
'("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
C'HpO)
Calc
Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Temp. © Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last inpinger
Tempe'rature
i
Al^.
/Oo
76
s
3.2.
#73.7
Q.S
^^
^^
21
^2
J2
^
7
2i
,3
j^o£
21
O-3&
7772
-------
-ort And
rovorsc
oint Hoe
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Motor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifico
Prccs.Diff.
THpO)
Tialc
Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Samplo
Tomp. © Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impingor
Temperature
J2Z
902.. /
/./#
Stl
<39.v.gf
/.as
a
0-3^
A
7T35
3
/Jf
/ 6
<<-•'
.•»
35:- 7
A 60
-------
5TOV. SCTICT
5 n t
t; Location
• mo Start
7 / . Run No.
. Tijne End
L-npling Time/Point
._ „ . °F, DP _°F, VF 3 DP
:>istur*6 /*0 J&.FDA ,Gas Density Factor
aronotric Press* ^Q"Hg. Stack Prejjs.Sff, "H
2atli.?r
i W/D_
onplc Box No
., W/S.
ozzle Dia»
_, Meter Box No
Pitot Corr. Factorr f.
in., Probe Length_
ft
robg Heater Setting,
tack Diicensionsi Inside Diameter ^
Inside Area
Height
Sketch Of Stack!
M-'t'l Processing Rate
Final Gas Meter Reading_
Initial Gas Meter Reading
Total Condensate In Impingers —
Moisture In Silica Gel 232.7 -
5
ml
= ^2. 7
Snica Gel Container No ._ 2L'f Filter
Orsati C02 . __ _ i __ j
°2 ' _
CO _
Excess
Air
Test Conducted Byi
Remarksi
'ort Atii
ra"/ci'3'2
'oint No-.
Distance
From End
Of Port
Clock
Tins
Gas Motor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Volocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifico
Prcjis.Diff.
C'H?0)
Stack Gas
Temperature
CF).
Gas Sample
Temp. © Dry
Gas Motor
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impingor
Tempo'rature
-------
Por1-. Airl
Traverse
Point No,
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas He tor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
Stack Gas
Temperature
CT)
Gas Samplo
Tomp. © Dry
Gas Motor
' ("F)
Sample Box
Temperature
CF)
Last Inipingor
Temperature
-------
nt /V/rnPAM}.if\"Er l/Qffl)f() (_ Jc<.C> /WifrJiQ
'VO °F. VfD'gT °F. DP72-°F.
stured?/6 fl.FDACxvW.Gas De
onotric
thor
Press. 3O
C&DOxakf
VF 3 DP Cx^T*? "Hg
nsity Factor —
"Hft. Stack Press. 3& "Hg
'•— r/ dv
£r
ipj ^O'^> °F. W/D ~ — . W/S
ip^e Box.
,orj A Sl3_£
',zle Dia
5bq Heat
ack Dime
rt. And
averse
int No.
.
H ^ /
ft
JT
¥
«2
7
Mo. ^5 .
Meter Box No» -»"."5'
'"]??- . Pitot Corr. Factor tf'S'S
. /^/ ir
cr Sottinp
nsionsi Ins
In:
He!
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
'_^,
J7W
1^7%
^<3?y$ •
~5'i/$
^•~>/Q
t~*~ / J5
3/tJ
.
i., Probe
ide Dian
,ido Are!
ieht fkA
Length r) ft
jetor /
/<,.%~
7afi.0/!&
. |"
/
Sketch Of Stack*.
H w * . kOO
^) 1?u^tf6'):lu' -•'
G) ' c| <4 ^/ V) n S ?.
r~ •? -^"j^s^^'^11^"
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
.™trr>.^r.^U
8-7*T
<^5*7^
O. "7^
<^.60
O * J5"1?**
&i %5~
A 75"
L3&
&
Actual
"Jr5i'""^t.O
c£?.; */0
<9. ^Sb
A- «/^3
h^
7,15
/*3o
Mat'l Proc
Final Gas
Initial Go
j Total Cond
• Moisture 1
Silica Gel
Orsati C
C
• • C
^
£
Tost Condx
Remarks I
ossing Rate
Meter Reading ~~7SC] ' O & 3 ft^
is Meter Readinr ^«57-r/^5/!X ft^
ensato In Impingers
.n Silica Gel.5/5'5'-
o ( •• "T-yj'L
^- / ml
i?7-#*.'/ = 59,1: 'm
s / /x
Container No. 1 .Filter Xot&cc/'rb
:o* . I 1
h • - •
:o
Jo .
Excess
Air
icted Byt f\- l^it ^o^^nj
/^) 6l4/£-nj
Q . £hJ£aJU
^
tfzTE-tt at /f 6
^^x^? j.J*j^b&LfL
/•••-• . ;./ --^ ,-".// .
//// /// /'£ -ye- / / / T^f
^
Stack Gas
Temperature
CF)
*
••^-ttt^W-rtw^V^T--*-^!,.^^,,.
/'-jO'-*
/ Vo ^""
y ^^ •*'
y^o "u
/t/O ^^
/c/o ^^
i
/9 ^*:;j-.>*"^- i/^j-
Gas Sample Sample Box
Temp. © Dry Temperature
Gas Meter (op)
In
"~"jsj; '
7^,
"7/-*?
X?O
^/^r
^v.T
^3
:C*^-:
oxit r^r *wci
Last Impinger
Temporature
1
.-=*:7-/'^, _ s3'xh
/&5T -^S^
*^/ c* 'TT* ~^ 1 \ST -^"^
/^.j5'l 2AV-
L ~^"
—
— .
—
—j~j ^r^^-/- i —^
7-7 I •"? f1--
/ ^5«o
•^v . :
— •-
-------
For*-, And
Traverse '
Point Noo
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
Cft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
"CITc"
Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Tempo © Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Impinger
Temperature
t&a*
3
Ate
a-xS?
*J^2'^ G*^'
£S
8&
-GL&
0,
/
«
"
U,
-ft'., t
-------
SouRUE. SJ?TFClK(Jb^LJ'JLDTrorA
.ant
Lmpllnt; Location_
its •_,_ cbu6,*+, ion\
Sketch Of Stack!
Distureo}/£ £.FOA6 -'2/^g 25'. 5 em
Silica Gel Container Mo.C^ .Filter No..
Orsati C02 . I I
°2 '
CO
N2
Excess
Air
.Test Conducted Byi
Remarkst
O
96
1l/t
'ort Arrl
'ravcrse
'oint Ho.
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Time
Gas Meter
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
C'HpO)
Calc• Actual
Stack Gas
Temperature
Gas Sample
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Meter
In
Out
Sample Box
Temperature
Last Inpinger
Temperature
E
I
/Vp
JW
LM.
/•><&>
~n
• t
/ VQ
-------
oint No,
Distance
From End
Of Port
(in)
Clock
Tine
Gas He tor
Reading
(ft3)
Stack
Velocity
Head
("H20)
Meter
Orifice
Press. Diff.
Ci^o).
Calc . "TTkctua
Stack Gas
Temperature
SanlJMo
Temp. @ Dry
Gas Motor
In
Out
SOTiple
Temperature
Temperature
7=m
7?7°
/<
go
2A-2.0
Jl
Sfe
0.93
-/
•33 •/
a
^2.
3--
3
31
2
. H3
L f'
\
------- |