United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
&EPA
Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
P.O. Box 15027
Las Vegas NV 89114-5027
EPA/600/8-87/023
June 1987
Research and Development
Environmental
Methods Testing
Site Users' Guide
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ENVIRONMENTAL METHODS TESTING SITE
USERS' GUIDE
by
Charles K. Fitzsimmons
Environmental Research Center
University of Nevada-Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada 89154
Cooperative Agreement No. CR812189-01
Project Officer
Shelly J. Williamson
Exposure Assessment Research Division
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
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NOTICE
The information in this document has been funded wholly or
in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
under cooperative agreement number CR812189-01 to the
Environmental Research Center, University of Nevada-Las Vegas.
It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative
review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA
document.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
The Environmental Methods Testing Site (EMTS) Project is
being conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency with the
cooperation of the state of Georgia, the state of Tennessee,
Hamilton County, Tennessee, and the city of Chattanooga. The
concept is to establish one well-characterized site, designated
as the Chattanooga Metropolitan Statistical Area, at which to
conduct a series of studies designed to improve environmental
monitoring methods and methods for assessing human exposure to
toxic substances in the environment. The project, planned to
span a 5- to 15-year period, is being conducted in support of
the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976.
The Chattanooga area is well suited as a site to conduct
human exposure methodology studies. Site users have the
support of local government and of EMTS Project participants
who provide a management team, information gathering services,
computerized data management and analysis, and quality
assurance assistance. The Chattanooga area provides a
hospitable climate, a population and geographical size allowing
statistically valid sampling of subpopulations, isolation from
other cities, a diverse industrial base, a large existing data
base, and modern technical and logistical support facilities.
This document was submitted in fulfillment of Cooperative
Agreement No. CR 812189-01 by the Environmental Research Center
under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. This document covers a period from April 1986 to March
1987, and work was completed as of April 7, 1987.
111
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CONTENTS
Abstract iii
Figures vi
Tables vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose 1
1.2 Objective 1
1. 3 Approach 1
1.4 Description 2
2. Advantages to Users of the EMTS 10
2.1 Political support 10
2.2 Common data base 11
2.3 Quality assurance 12
2 .4 Data management 13
2.5 Statistical analysis 16
2.6 Geographic information system 16
2.7 Lower cost 17
3. Site Characteristics 19
3.1 Site characterization 22
3.2 Planned studies 24
4. Procedures and Requirements to Initiate a Study.. 25
4 .1 Study plan/QA program plan 25
4.2 Technical review 27
4.3 Authorization 28
5. Procedures and Requirements to Conduct a Study... 29
5 .1 Study management 29
5.2 Field and systems audits 32
5.3 Public relations 32
6. Procedures and Requirements to Document a Study.. 34
6.1 Data validation 34
6.2 Reporting requirements 34
6.3 Peer review 36
6.4 Publications 37
7. Procedures and Requirements to Incorporate Study
Data Into the EMTS Data Base 38
7.1 EMTS data base design 38
7.2 Data entry 40
8. Summary 43
Appendices
A. Software available on the NCC system 45
B. Integrated Spatial Data Analysis System 50
C. Support facilities in the Chattanooga area 61
D. Documentation of inventory file questionnaire.... 73
E. Status of the EMTS data base 92
IV
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Map of Study Area 4
2 EMTS Management Structure 5
3A Data Flow Scheme - Tabular Data 14
3B Data Flow Scheme - Spatial Data 15
4 Study Management Structure 31
5 Data Structure for the EMTS CIS 41
TABLES
Number Page
1 EMTS Participants 6
2 Steering Committee Membership 7
3 Environmental Advisory Committee 7
4 Business and Industry Advisory Committee 8
5 Participants Gathering Data 11
6 Data Types in EMTS Data Base 12
7 Summary of Site Characteristics for EMTS 20
8 Cl imatology of Chattanooga 21
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document is written for managers and principal
investigators who may be contemplating future field studies.
It provides potential site users with the information necessary
to conduct their studies at the EMTS.
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of the Environmental Methods Testing Site
(EMTS) Project is to advance the state of the art of assessing
human exposure to environmental pollutants. The Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has a need to develop and improve
methods for assessing human exposure to toxic substances to
support regulations resulting from The Toxic Substances Act of
1976. Having the responsibility for administering the Act, the
EPA Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) has asked the EPA Office
of Research and Development (ORD) for technical assistance.
The Office of Research and Development is responsible for
developing and validating monitoring methods and for providing
quality assurance support for the Environmental Protection
Agency. The Environmental Methods Testing Site Project is
being conducted by the Office of Research and Development as a
means to provide the research needed by EPA on human exposure
methods development.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the Environmental Methods Testing Site
Project is to provide a well-characterized site in which to
develop, test, and compare multimedia exposure monitoring
methodology. The emphasis is on characterizing one site in
detail so that any number of exposure assessment studies can be
conducted more economically and quickly than they could be
conducted at separate sites.
1.3 APPROACH
The approach to accomplishing the purpose and objective of
the EMTS Project is to set up a single well-characterized site,
then invite principal investigators to conduct relevant field
studies. Categories ofrneeded studies include but are not
limited to the following:
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o Testing the efficiency and bias of questionnaires
used to canvass human populations for environmental
exposure information
o Testing field performance of environmental and human
measurement methods
o Evaluation of techniques for multimedia data analysis
o Validation of models
o Evaluation of relevant quality assurance procedures
In order to fulfill its purpose and objective, the EMTS
Project needs principal investigators to use the site. The
nature of the EMTS Project is to provide a site and a network
of political and technical support. It is expected that EPA
will conduct most of the studies done at the EMTS, but all
other Federal agencies, universities, state and local
governments, and public, private, and international
organizations are encouraged to participate in the
opportunities offered by the EMTS. A principal investigator
will qualify as an EMTS user when his study proposal is
approved by the EMTS Steering Committee.
1.4 DESCRIPTION
The EMTS Project is being conducted by the EPA Office of
Research and Development for the EPA office of Toxic Substances.
Project activities are carried out by the ORD Environcental
Monitoring Systems Laboratories and their respective
contractors in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and Las
Vegas, Nevada.
After careful consideeration of a set of site selection
criteria, the EMTS was chosen to be the six-county Chattanooga,
TN-GA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Priority of
consideration was first given to local political support, then
climate, population, geography, isolation, diversity of
industry, availability of data, and finally, local support
facilities. Figure 1 is a map showing the location and extent
of the study area.
The state of Tennessee, Hamilton County, and the city of
Chattanooga are active participants in the project. The state
of Georgia has chosen to be represented by the EPA Region 4
office in Atlanta and has given its tacit approval and support
of the project.
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Table 1 summarizes the participants and their functions in
the EMTS Project. Management of the project is carried out
through the EMTS Steering Committee, the membership of which is
shown in Table 2.
Local interest in the EMTS Project is high. When the EMTS
Steering Committee was formed, two advisory subcommittees were
incorporated to insure the rapid flow of information between
Project planners and local interest groups. This arrangement
has worked well. The names and affiliations of members of the
advisory committees are listed in Table 3 and Table 4.
Advisory committee members and their constituents have a chance
to review planning documents and voice their concerns or
suggestions before a problem evolves. The advisory committees
are shown all news releases concerning the EMTS Project ar.i its
related studies before they are given to the press.
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ENVIRONMENTAL METHODS TESTING SITE
CHATTANOOGA SMSA
iWJO'K
To»T451»
Figure 1. Map of study area.
4
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EMTS Project Management
ORD
State of
Tennessee
I
Site Management
EMSL-LV
1
City of
Chattanooga
Data Management
EMSL-RTP
LEGEND:
OTS — Office of Toxic Substances
ORD — Office of Research and Development
P and TS RC — Pesticides and Toxic Substances Research Committee
PC — Project Coordinator
EMSL-LV — Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab at Las Vegas
EMSL-RTP — Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab at Research Triangle Park
Figure 2. EMTS management structure.
5
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TABLE 1. EMTS PARTICIPANTS
Participant
Function
EPA Office of Research and
Development
EPA Office of Toxic Substances
EPA Region 4
State of Georgia
State of Tennessee
Hamilton County
City of Chattanooga
EPA Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas
EPA Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory - Research
Triangle Park
Environmental Research Center,
University of Nevada-Las Vegas
(contractor)
Lockheed Engineering and
Management Services Company
(contractor)
Northrop Services, Inc.
(contractor)
Tennessee Valley Authority
(interagency agreement)
Management, funding
Client, management,
funding, data source
Liaison, management,
data source
Site host, data scarce
Site host, management,
data source
Site host, management,
data source
Site host, management,
data source
Management, site
characterization
Management, data
management
Project management,
quality assurance,
cartography, data
gathering
Data analysis, data
base design and
development
Data management,
project tracking, data
gathering
Data source
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TABLE 2. STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP
Chairman and Project Coordinator
Alternate
State of Tennessee representative
Alternate
Hamilton County representative
Alternate
City of Chattanooga representative
Alternate
EPA Region 4 representative
Alternate
Robert Jungers
Gerald Akland
Michael Bruner
Harold Hodges
Howard Roddy
Steve Meyer
J. Wayne Cropp
Gaines Hobbs
James Finger
Winston Smith
TABLE 3. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE (JUNE 1986}
Barbara Kelly
Janet Phillips (Chair)
Robert Pyle
Geri Spring
Jean Stansell
Caroline Williams
Chattanooga Clean Air
Coalition
Chattanooga Audubon
Society, Inc.
Sierra Club
Guardians of North
ChicJcamauga Creek
American Lung Association
League of Women Voters
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TABLE 4. BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY ADVISORY COMMITTEE (JUNE 1986)
Oliver Benton (Chair) Director, Center for
Productivity, Innovation and
Technology, Chattanooga State
Technical Community College
Ronald Cox Dean, School of Engineering
University of Tennessee at
Chattanooga
John Eager Director, Engineering
Services, Standard Coosa
Thatcher
Larry Wingo Environmental Engineer
Combustion Engineering, Inc.
John Wittman Vice President, Wheland
Division, North American
Royalti
All funding for management of the EMTS comes through the
Office of Research and Development but is allocated through the
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Research Committee in support
of OTS program objectives. An overview of the EMTS management
structure is shown in Figure 2.
Two EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratories and
their contractors carry out the technical tasks of the project.
In particular, the major task for Research Triangle Park is
data management, and that for Las Vegas is site
characterization. Characterization requires that all known
data relevant to the site be found and evaluated. The product
of these efforts is the EMTS data base which requires
considerable data management to prepare it in a form useful for
evaluation. These data can be analyzed either by a geographic
information system in Las Vegas or by statistical packages in
Research Triangle Park.
The next section of this users' guide discusses the
advantages to principal investigators of conducting studies at
the EMTS and includes a description of the data available from
the EMTS data base. Following that is a description of the
site and the support facilities available at the site. The
users' guide continues with the procedures and requirements to
initiate, conduct, and document a study at the EMTS. Finally,
8
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procedures are given for those users who wish to contribute
their data to the EMTS data base.
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2. ADVANTAGES TO USERS OF THE EMTS
Users of the EMTS can expect to benefit in the following
areas:
o Political support
o Common data base
o Quality assurance program
o Data management
o Statistical data analysis
o Geographic information system
o Lower cost
This section describes these aspects of the EMTS Project which
constitute a favorable environment for conducting field
studies.
2.1 POLITICAL SUPPORT
Often the greatest obstacle to conducting a field study is
obtaining permission and cooperation from the local authorities.
Even when such support is secured, the process often takes a
considerable amount of time. Delays in starting dates can be
fatal to studies because of time limits in available funding.
The EMTS Project benefits from the support of the City of
Chattanooga, Hamilton County, and the states of Tennessee and
Georgia. The focus of local activity for the EMTS Project is
the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control Bureau.
Public relations for the Project are handled by this agency,
and most meetings of the Steering Committee are held in their
office. Two local advisory committees to the Steering
Committee have been set up to provide a conduit for two-way
communication between EMTS participants and local businesses
and environmental groups. For the most part these groups view
the EMTS as being potentially beneficial to the Chattanooga
area, but naturally they are concerned about any adverse
publicity which could arise from a poorly handled field program.
10
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So long as EMTS users work closely with the Steering Committee,
continuing support of the community is anticipated.
For EPA program Project Officers and other principal
investigators, use of the EMTS for planned field projects
should save considerable time and resources. EPA, for economic
reasons, is advocating the use of the EMTS for its own planned
projects in the field of human exposure methods development. A
brief description of studies planned for the EMTS is given in
Section III.
2.2 COMMON DATA BASE
Comparing results to data obtained from previous studies
is often a major part of the data analysis following a field
study. Finding these previously collected data is not always
easy, as often they are either unpublished, or it is too
expensive to gather them into a useable form. A benefit of
doing studies at the EMTS is having access to a comprehensive
data base which has been assembled for the purpose of
characterizing the site. The primary task of the EMTS Project
has been to assemble the EMTS Data Base. Table 5 lists the
EMTS participants who are actively gathering data for the EMTS
data base.
TABLE 5. PARTICIPANTS GATHERING DATA
1 Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control
Bureau
2 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas
3 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Research
Triangle Park
4 Environmental Research Center (Las Vegas)
6 EPA Region 4 (Atlanta and Athens)
7 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.
(Las Vegas)
8 Northrop Services, Inc. (Research Triangle Park)
9 Tennessee Department of Health and Environment
(Nashville)
10 Tennessee Valley Authority (Chattanooga)
It can be assumed that certain types of data will be
needed for most studies. Table 6 lists the major types of data
that have been considered for the EMTS data base. The data
types have been divided into two major categories: geographic
data and environmental quality data.
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TABLE 6. DATA TYPES IN EMTS DATA BASE
I. Geographic data
II. Environmental
quality data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Natural resources
Hydrography
Meteorology
Political and administrative units
Demography
Infrastructure and cultural features
Health related data
Agricultural and commercial data
Special biological resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
Air
Water
Soil
Food
10. Special physical features
A more detailed discussion of the data that have been
inventoried for the EMTS Project is presented in Section III,
Site Characteristics.
2.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
The EMTS Quality Assurance Program is composed of two
parts. One is for retrospective data which is the existing
data that have been reviewed for their relevance to the EMTS
Project and that have become part of the EMTS Data Base. The
other part of the Quality Assurance Program is for prospective
data which is data proposed to be generated by studies to be
conducted at the EMTS and which is approved to be added to the
EMTS Data Base. Both these parts are described thoroughly in
the EMTS Quality Assurance Program Plan but are outlined
briefly here.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las
Vegas (EMSL-LV) is responsible for the EMTS QA program. The
Laboratory may designate a contractor to be the Quality
Assurance Agent for the EMTS Project. The QA objective for the
EMTS Project is to create an EMTS Data Base with known quality
for retrospective data and with specified quality for
prospective data that can be used to test and develop methods
for assessing human exposure to environmental pollutants. In
the case of retrospective data, the QA Agent reviews the
available reports, quality assurance plans, and other ancillary
information to determine the quality of existing data. In the
case of prospective data, the principal investigator is
responsible for conducting an effective quality control program
as an integral part of his study. The EMTS Project will not
provide funding for quality control procedures; however, the
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EMTS Quality Assurance Agent will provide guidance to principal
investigators regarding reasonable data quality objectives
which should be met. The EMTS Quality Assurance Agent will be
responsible for providing EPA management with information
concerning the quality of data generated by studies at the
EMTS.
Because there are so many possible kinds of measurements
which could be made in a project as comprehensive as the EMTS,
no overall data objectives can be set. However, with
attentionto the purpose of the measurements, principal
investigators are encouraged to attain the best quality which
can be afforded and to use state-of-the-art analytical
techniques whenever possible. Each study proposal will be
reviewed on a case-by-case basis so that data objectives for
each study can be agreed to before the study begins.
As part of the services offered to users of the EMTS,
EMSL-LV may conduct field audits and systems audits during the
field operations of a study. EMSL-LV will also act as a
quality assurance consultant to help principal investigators
plan studies to be conducted at the EMTS.
2.4 DATA MANAGEMENT
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Research
Triangle Park (EMSL-RTP) has the responsibility for data
management for the EMTS Project. Data Management for the EMTS
Project is primarily concerned with procedures to inventory,
review, gather, and transmit retrospective data from disparate
sources into a common data base. Another important data
management task is to provide EMTS users access to the EMTS
data base. It is expected that many users will want to examine
data sets or selected records or even selected parts of records
from data sets in the EMTS data base to perform prestudy
analyses. The Project Coordinator can put users in direct
communication with the RTP staff so that customized data
extractions can be arranged.
Details of the data management procedures set up fcr the
EMTS Project are documented in the EMTS Data Management
Procedures Plan. An overview of the data flow for the project
is shown in Figure 3.
Although the EMTS data management procedures are aiired at
existing data, they can work equally well for new data. In
actuality, retrospective and prospective data form a continuum.
Once a proposed study is accomplished, what was once
prospective data becomes retrospective, something which can be
evaluated, validated, and added to the data base.
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/ SOURCE OF
' DIGITAL
TABULAR DATA/
(DIGITAL^
IDATA;
/SOURCE OF /
NON-DIGITAL/
^BULAR DATA/
RTF (NSI)
h-0
LOAD ON TEMP
DBM FILE
ANCILLARY
DATA
RTP (NSI)
CREATE
PERMANENT
DBM FILE
QA REPORT TO
QA LIBRARY
c
DBM FILE
WITH FLAGS
RTP
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/
/Of
SOURCE OF
DIGITAL CARTOy
GRAPHIC DATA/
/ SOURCE OF
/ NON-DIGITAL
/CARTOGRAPHIC DATA/
1
LEMSCO
LOAD ON
ARC/INFO
.
PLOT AT
APPROPRIATE
return
fall
pass
LEMSCO
LOAD EDITED FILE AS
PERMANENT A/I FILE
MAPS AND
SOURCE DATA
ANCILLARY
DATA
CREATE DATA DICTIONARY
ENTRY FOR NEW FILE
MAPS AND
SOURCE DATA
TO ERC LIBRARY
/ source / (tape
connector
ARCH - Archive
A/I - Arc/Info
DD - Data Dictionary
INFO FROM
INVENTORY &
QA FILES 1
ERC
PREPARE
REFERENCE FILE
Figure 3B. Data Flow Scheme - Spatial Data.
15
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The main purpose of the EMTS Project is to attract studies
which will increase the state of knowledge about human exposure.
It is expected that principal investigators taking advantage of
the benefits provided under the EMTS Project will contribute
their data to the growing EMTS Data Base. This practice will
continue to benefit other investigators who wish to do studies
at the EMTS. To insure that these data are compatible with the
data base, EMSL-RTP will assist investigators to enter their
data into the EMTS Data Base. The procedures for entering data
into the EMTS Data Base are discussed further in Section VII.
2.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Users of the EMTS may want to make use of the EPA National
Computer Center (NCC) at RTP to perform statistical analyses or
other operations in order to evaluate extractions from the EMTS
data base or to evaluate their newly collected data. The EMTS
Project will provide a limited amount of computer support for
this purpose. There may be certain advantages to the user's
having direct access to the EMTS data base on the NCC IBM
3090-200. One is that the user is assured of having access to
the most recent version of the data, and another is the
immediate availability of the powerful statistical analysis
software packages on the IBM. A more detailed description of
the statistical software packages available on the NCC IBM is
given in Appendix A.
2.6 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
Perhaps the most unique benefit of the EMTS Project to the
user is the opportunity to analyze data with a geographic
information system. The GIS can be used to analyze existing
data before a study is begun. For example, spatial analysis
can be used to determine the best part of the site in which to
conduct a study. The suitability of an area for a study will
depend on what data already exist for that area; i.e.,
population characteristics, locations of pollution sources,
sources and distribution of drinking water, etc.
The availability of data sets can be determined by
querying the EMTS Inventory File, which is described further in
Section 3 under the subheading, 3.1 Site Characterization. The
user would work with EMSL-LV to design a prestudy GIS analysis.
Maps and information not already coded into the GIS, but
derivable from the information in the EMTS Data Base, would be
prepared as new required coverages. The spatial analysis would
then proceed.
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ARC/INFO is the CIS software package being used by the
EMTS Project. It is a product of Environmental Systems
Research Institute (ESRI), Redlands, California. The system is
installed on a DEC VAX 11/785 computer leased by LEMSCO in Las
Vegas. A library of digital maps (coverages) such as Political
and Administrative Boundaries, Land Use/Land Cover,
Infrastructure and Cultural Features, Elevation, and
Hydrography is maintained on the GIS in Las Vegas. Most of the
environmental data, which are tabular in nature, are maintained
on the NCC IBM system in RTP. Tabular data, also known as
statistical data, are numbers and codes which can be
represented in tables comprising rows and columns. Tabular
data usually represent the quantities, magnitudes, or names of
items. An example of tabular data is a file of ozone
concentrations at given times and places. Whenever
environmental data are needed for a GIS analysis, they are
retrieved from the IBM at RTP and are sent to Las Vegas where
they are incorporated as attributes for a particular coverage.
A more detailed discussion of the nature and capabilities
of the ARC/INFO software is given in Appendix B.
ARC/INFO also can be used to analyze new study data.
Again, working with EMSL-LV and EMSL-RPT, an EMTS user would
prepare his data as a new data layer in the GIS. A combination
of statistical and spatial analyses using both the NCC IBM and
the Las Vegas GIS systems will give users powerful tools for
gleaning the most from their study efforts. Operational
procedures for preparing data for GIS analysis are discussed in
Section VII.
2.7 LOWER COST
Partaking of the advantages offered by the EMTS Project
should result in lower costs. Although principal investigators
must have their own funding to conduct studies at the EMTS, the
costs of some of the support mentioned in this section will be
borne by the EMTS Project. The political support and public
relations fostered by the existence of the Steering Committee
will be provided at no cost to site users.
Access to the EMTS data base will be given to principal
investigators with approved studies. This access will include
a copy of the most recent Inventory File and magnetic tape
copies of selected data sets from the EMTS data base if
requested. Data sets that are part of the EMTS data base by
virtue of a license agreement with private vendors cannot be
copied, but they can be viewed and analyzed by users in Las
Vegas or from their own terminals in the case that the data are
stored on the IBM 3090-200 in RTP.
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The EMTS Project will provide a reasonable amount of staff
time so that the principal investigator can consult with
EMSL-LV, EMSL-RTP, and their contractors for the purpose of
planning QA programs, GIS analyses, and data management
procedures. In addition, depending on the scope of work
required, the EMTS Project will pay for the initial retrieval
of data from the EMTS data base, the processing of these data
into customized files, and the creation of customized GIS
coverages for the purpose of conducting prestudy GIS analyses.
The EMTS Project will also perform a limited amount of prestudy
spatial analysis by using the ARC/INFO software on the VAX
11/785 in Las Vegas. Principal investigators can work in Las
Vegas as a visiting scientist to accomplish these prestudy
activities.
time. Persons wishing to use ARC/INFO must spend considerable
time learning the system, and they are encouraged to attend
training courses offered by ESRI in Redlands, California, to
appreciate more fully the power of the system. Using the
visiting scientist approach, EMSL-LV will enter data, operate
the GIS, and work with the principal investigator to provide
the products he needs.
Remote terminal access to the GIS computer may be
available in the future. Such access will depend on the demand
for direct acess, the willingness of users to learn to use the
system, and the availability of funding for the necessary
equipment.
All services provided by the EMTS Project will be rendered
according to the needs of the researcher and of the
Environmental Protection Agency. The order of priority will be
set by the Steering Committee. It is expected that EMTS
funding will be sufficient to provide services at the level
described above for up to five studies per year. When EMTS
resources become strained, principal investigators will be
asked to pay for further services by a transfer of funds to the
appropriate EPA laboratory.
Finally, the EMTS Project will pay to have study data
entered into the EMTS data base where they will reside on the
IBM 3090-200 at RTP.
The EMTS Project will not pay for poststudy GIS analyses.
Principal investigators wishing to have such analyses performed
must make the appropriate funding arrangements before the field
work begins so that the necessary resources can be made
available.
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3. SITE CHARACTERISTICS
Efforts to develop criteria to select a suitable site for
the EMTS Project were first begun in early 1984. The site was
to be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the
Bureau of the Census. By the end of 1984 a list of candidate
MSA's had been selected. The categories of the criteria used
to select the Chattanooga, TN-GA, MSA are listed in the order
of priority as follows:
1. PERMISSION by the local authorities.
2. CLIMATE which would allow year-round field
operations.
3. SIZE large enough that subpopulations would be
statistically valid for studies, but not so large as
to make characterization of the site too difficult.
4. ISOLATION from other pollution sources and other
populations.
5. EXISTENCE OF POLLUTION SOURCES as diverse as possible
in measurable quantities in a multimedia environment.
6. AVAILABILITY OF DATA to characterize the site.
7. SUPPORT FACILITIES for field studies.
A more complete treatment of the subject of site selection
is presented in the Environmental Methods Testing Site
Project-Site Characteristics Document, Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, July 9, 1985. Site
selection was based entirely on data readily available from
EPA, the Bureau of the Census, the National Climatic Center,
and the Chattanooga telephone directory. No measurements or
special surveys were conducted during the selection process.
Table 7 summarizes some of the characteristics used to select
the Chattanooga MSA as the EMTS. Table 8 summarizes the
climatology of the Chattanooga area.
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TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF SITE CHARACTERISTICS FOR EMTS
Characteristic
Criteria
Chattanooga
Population - MSA
Population - Urban Area
Population - City
Population Ratio (urban; rural)
Rate of change - MSA (X/10 yr.)
Rate of change - City (VlO yr.)
Age Ratios «18 : 18-65 : >65)
Racial Region (white: non-white)
Area - MSA (m2)
Area - Urban (•*)
Area - City 0»2)
Area Ratio - Urban/MSA (S)
Area Ratio - F am land/MSA (S)
Terrain
Total VQC Emissions (tons/day)
Volume of Industry (no. of employees)6
Volume of Industry (no. of establishments)8
Industrial Diversity - Richness Index8
Surface water - used for municipal drinking
Groundwater - used for municipal drinking
Waste Sites in MSA (ERRIS)6
Waste Sites in Central County (ERRIS)
Waste Sites in MSA (NPl)
Waste Sites in MSA (RCRA)
450,000 to 1,100,000
90 : 10
< IDS
- : - : <20S
65-95S : 5-358S
160 to 480
20S
flat
measurable in environment
high
high
Diverse; max = 16
Yes; large flowing system
Yes; not nixed with surface
Yes
Yes
Yes
426,540e
301,515C
169,565e
74.6 : 25. 4e
15. Oe
41. 4e
17:5 : 71.6 : 10.9s
85.4 : 14.6e
2102e
248e
124e
11. 8e
24e
basin; complex
64.7f
40,457
340
12.2
Tennessee River
water No (acme private
wells)
34
27
1
of Academic Institutions0
of Hospitals
of Medical Laboratories
of Testing Laboratories
of Consulting Engineering Firms"
of Environmental Engineering or
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Consultant Fires
Support facilities sufficient
in number and quality to
provide professional services
and labor during characteri-
zation and methods testing
phases of the project.
6
18
7
9
22
4
8 Based on 1981 Bureau of Census County Business
Pattern data for 16 selected industries.
° Includes only sites designated as "planned
action" in Emergency and Remedial Response
Information System.
c Includes universities, colleges, and junior
colleges, but not seminaries.
Includes all types of engineering capabilities.
e Based on 1980 Census data.
f Based on 1977 VOC emissions inventory.
20
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blank for Table 7
20
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TABLE 8. CLIMATOLOGY OF CHATTANOOGA3
January average maximum temperature
minimum temperature
July average maximum temperature
minimum temperature
Average number of frost-free days
Average date of first freeze in fall
Average date of last freeze in spring
Average annual precipitation
49.6°F
32.2°F
88.6°F
68.8°F
228
November
March 26
52.6 in.
( 9.8°C)
( 0.1°C)
(32.4°C)
(20.4°C)
8
(20.7 cm)
a National Climatic Data Center, 1984
The Chattanooga MSA was chosen as the EMTS because it
ranked high by the selection criteria. Of major importance is
the political support being given by the City, County, and
State. It is no small concession to be granted permission to
conduct studies in a city for the 5- to 15-year period proposed
by EPA.
The population of the 248 square mile urbanized area in
1980 was 301,515. The entire MSA had a 1980 population of
426,540 and includes 2,102 square miles and 6 counties:
Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie in Tennessee, and Catoosa,
Dade, and Walker in Georgia. A more recent estimate of the MSA
population made by the Chattanooga Area Regional Council of
Governments in 1985 is 425,600. Chattanooga lies in the
Tennessee River Valley, surrounded by rather complex terrain.
The city is reasonably isolated from other populated areas and
sources of pollution beyond the MSA.
The Chattanooga MSA is home to a wide variety of
industrial enterprises. It was this diversity of potential
multimedia pollution sources that helped select it as the EMTS.
Other candidate sites had less diversity even though some had
greater concentrations of one or a few related industries. For
a site meant to test a wide variety of exposure methods,
diversity was considered to be more important than quantity.
The State of Tennessee is one of the most progressive in
the area of environmental programs. The Tennessee Department
of Health and Environment operates its own air, water, and
hazardous waste programs, and in the case of air, the
Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control Bureau is the
designated agency for Chattanooga and Hamilton County. These
programs, having been in place for many years, have amassed a
21
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large amount of accessible data which can be used in the EMTS
data base.
Finally, the Chattanooga area has a very good selection of
support facilities which would be useful for any planned field
study. Appendix C lists the name, address, and phone number of
selected facilities in the following categories:
o Colleges, Universities, and Technical Schools
o Laboratories
Environmental Testing
Construction Testing
Medical Testing
o Consulting Engineers, private companies
Environmental Engineering
Architectural/Civil Engineering
Chemical/Industrial Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
o Consulting Engineers and Scientists, independent
Natural Sciences
Biology
Chemistry
Physical Sciences
Engineering
Environmental
Civil
Mechanical
o Consulting Engineers and Scientists, University
of Tennessee-Chattanooga
Geosciences
Computer Science
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial/Engineering Management
Mechanical
3.1 SITE CHARACTERIZATION
This section of the EMTS Users' Guide summarizes the site
characterization efforts which have occurred since July 1985.
An automated Inventory Questionnaire was distributed to the
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participants listed in Table 3 on April 1, 1986. The
documentation for the Inventory Questionnaire is given in
Appendix D to show the data structure of the EMTS Inventory
File. As of the date of this Users' Guide, 243 records, each
corresponding to a data set, have been entered into the
Inventory File. As can be seen from the summary given in
Appendix E, there is a broad range of data types. Some data
are digital and ready to be used in computerized analyses.
Others were gathered by going through file cabinets and have
not been digitized. Data sets are in various stages of review
for data quality by the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory-Las Vegas.
Site characterization is an on-going process and will no
doubt continue throughout the duration of the EMTS Project.
However, the bulk of the available data characterizing the
Chattanooga MSA is in hand or at least has been located sc that
data can be retrieved when needed. (See Appendix E.) The type
and quantity of data which will be processed into either the
NCC IBM system or the geographic information system will depend
on requests from EMTS users.
Data destined to be analyzed in the ARC/INFO geographic
information system progress through three levels of
development: the working data base, the data library, and the
GIS data base. The working data base comprises all of the data
sets listed in the Inventory File regardless of data quality or
suitability for use in subsequent EMTS analyses. Data that are
reviewed and whose quality has been determined constitute the
second level of development called the data library. Only data
that reach this level can be used to prepare coverages for use
in the GIS. All data sets in the EMTS data library also will
have been digitized. Finally, data sets which have been
processed to become coverages (maps) constitute the GIS data
base. Data sets in this third level are immediately available
for analysis by ARC/INFO.
Users who wish to analyze the existing data will want to
review the contents of the three levels of the EMTS data base
to determine the amount of data preparation and quality
assurance auditing which may be required. Data sets of the
working data base and those sets designated as members of the
data library can be indexed through the dBASEIII Inventory
File, maintained by the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas. The complement of the GIS data base
can be indexed through the ARC/INFO data dictionary, also
maintained by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
in Las Vegas. In addition, the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-RTF maintains a Master Index of the tabular
data that they retain for the data library on the IBM 3090-200.
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3.2 PLANNED STUDIES
The Environmental Protection Agency has chosen the EMTS
(Chattanooga MSA) to be the Human Exposure Assessment Location
(HEAL) of the United States. The HEAL Program is an
international project being coordinated in several countries by
the World Health Organization. The agency responsible for
setting up the U.S. HEAL is the EPA. In keeping with the
purpose of the EMTS Project to provide a well-characterized
site for many studies at reduced cost, and because the siting
criteria for EMTS were compatible to those of the HEAL, EPA is
already developing protocols for a HEAL pilot study in
Chattanooga. Local support of the HEAL program can be
characterized as enthusiastic. Because HEAL will entail human
exposure monitoring of blood and milk, and environmental
monitoring of indoor air, household drinking water, and
duplicate meals, a high degree of local cooperation is needed.
The public relations network already established through the
EMTS Project makes these kinds of studies much easier.
The EPA Office of Toxic Substances is planning to add
Chattanooga to its National Human Monitoring Program.
Objectives of this program are to (1) provide data for risk
assessment, (2) to identify chemicals for testing, and (3) to
identify populations who may be at greater risk. The program
monitors concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organics
in blood and adipose tissue. The addition of Chattanooga to
these national monitoring networks will help establish the
relationship of some of the characteristics of the EMTS to the
rest of the nation, and this is something which may be of
importance to other users.
The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is
proposing to establish at least one research site at
Chattanooga for the Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS) program.
The site would be equipped with the same air quality monitoring
systems being used in the TAMS network; these systems are made
up primarily of a distributed flow air sampler using a Tenax
solid sorbant collection medium and gas chromatographic
analysis for volatile organics.
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4. PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS TO INITIATE A STUDY
To gain access to the Environmental Methods Testing Site
and its various supporting programs, prospective users must
contact the EMTS Project Coordinator. The EMTS Project
Coordinator is:
Robert H. Jungers, Senior Science Advisor
Monitoring and Assessment Division (MD-56)
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Telephone: FTS 629-7870, Commercial (919) 541-7870
The Project Coordinator will answer all questions
concerning the EMTS Project and will provide prospective users
with the names of the appropriate persons to call in order to
proceed with each phase of a study. This section outlines the
procedures and requirements to initiate a study. In general
there are three steps: preparation of a study plan, technical
review of the study plan, and approval of the study plan.
4.1 STUDY PLAN/QA PROGRAM PLAN
A prospective EMTS user must prepare a comprehensive study
plan and a quality assurance program plan for the proposed
study and must submit them to the EMTS Project Coordinator.
The purpose of the combined plan is to convey to the EMTS
Steering Committee what is intended to be accomplished, how it
will be done, how it will be funded, and what impact it may
have of the residents of the study area.
Funding for the EMTS Project provides only the support to
studies discussed in Section II. EMTS Project funding cannot
be extended to cover the expenses of sampling, sample analysis,
supplies, logistics, travel, and labor of study personnel.
These expenses must be borne by separate funding arranged by
the principal investigator of the proposed study.
The EMTS Steering Committee, which is responsible for
approving studies to be conducted at EMTS, must be convinced
that the study is relevant to the overall objectives of the
EMTS Project and that the quality of the resulting data or
information will be comparable to other measurements in the
data base characterizing the EMTS. To insure that the Steering
Committee sees that all the requirements are addressed in the
study plan, the following format should be used:
25
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4.1.1. Background
Summarize briefly what has been done previously in the
proposed area of research. State how the EMTS environment and
the CIS could help the study.
4.1.2. Rationale
State the reason why the study is proposed. Cite the
specific underlying Public Law, regulation, or other need that
the study will support.
4.1.3. Objective
Clearly state the objective or objectives of the study.
In particular the required data quality objectives; i.e., the
limits of acceptable error, must be clearly specified.
4.1.4. Methods and Procedures
Identify the number, type, location, and frequency of
samples or measurements. Indicate the methods and procedures
to be used for sampling, sample preparation, and sample
analysis, either by references or in detail if no adequate
references are available. Describe the experimental design,
statistical procedures to be used, and methods for data
analysis.
4.1.5. Quality Assurance
Present a detailed QA/QC program plan to show clearly how
all aspects of the study, from sampling through analysis to
data interpretation, will be kept within prescribed limits of
error.
4.1.6. Results
Describe in detail the format and data storage medium
whereby results will be presented. The format should include
as a minimum: type of sample, geographic location and time of
sampling, and analytical results in appropriate units.
Describe how QA/QC results will be presented.
4.1.7. Evaluation and Interpretation of Data
Explain in detail how the data will be evaluated and used.
26
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4.1.8. Management and Funding
Identify the principal investigator and other personnel
involved in the study and give their credentials. Describe the
details of the budget and give the funding source.
4.1.9. Schedule with Identified Products
Present a schedule showing as a minimum when the study
will begin and end, when validated data will be made available
to the EMTS, and when the final report will be available.
4.1.10 Resource Requirements
Identify any additional resources not already mentioned
under Management and Funding which might be required,
especially those which might be contributed by other EMTS
participants, which might be provided by local businesses or
institutions, or which can affect the local community.
4.1.11. Communication Strategy
Identify one spokesperson for the study group. Describe
any planned public information program which is intended to
explain the study and its purposes to the local citizenry.
4.2 TECHNICAL REVIEW
The completed study plan should be submitted to the EMTS
Project Coordinator who will present it to the EMTS Steering
Committee for review. A technical review will be accomplished
by a Technical Review Subcommittee appointed by the EMTS
Steering Committee. Some members of the Technical Review
Subcommittee may be different for each study proposal;
subcommittee membership is determined by the subject matter and
by the expertise required. Typically three reviewers will be
appointed in addition to the EMTS Project Coordinator who will
act as Subcommittee chairman.
Technical reviewers will complete their review of the
proposal and will submit their recommendations to the Project
Coordinator within two weeks after receipt of the proposal.
The recommendations of the Technical Review Subcommittee will
be presented at the next regular monthly meeting of the
Steering Committee. Technical reviewers and the author may be
asked to attend this meeting to discuss the merits or
shortcomings of a proposal.
If a proposal is disapproved, the Steering Committee will
return the proposal to the author with recommendations for
revisions if the Committee believes the proposal could be made
27
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acceptable. A revised proposal would then be submitted as
above. The number of times a proposal could be revised and
resubmitted would be left to the discretion of the Steering
Committee.
4.3 AUTHORIZATION
When the Steering Committee approves a proposed study, the
EMTS Project Coordinator will notify the principal investigator
in writing within ten working days. The Project Coordinator
shall have authority to sign this authorization on behalf of
the Steering Committee. Concurrently, copies of the
authorization shall be sent to all members of the Steering
Committee. As a courtesy, the Project Coordinator should
notify the principal investigator of the Steering Committee
decision by telephone as soon as possible.
The EMTS Project Coordinator also will enter the new study
into the automated project tracking system at EMSL-RTP. By
accepting the approval of the Steering Committee, the principal
investigator agrees to follow the approved study plan and to
provide monthly progress reports to the Project Coordinator.
These reports will be used as input to the tracking system and
to keep all the participants of the EMTS Project informed in
order to foster the greatest degree of cooperation.
28
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5. PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS TO CONDUCT A STUDY
It is important to the success and longevity of the EMTS
Project that prospective users of the site cooperate with the
state and local officials as well as with the EPA managers.
This section addresses three areas of cooperation that benefit
both the principal investigator and the Project: study
management, field and systems audits, and public relations.
5.1 STUDY MANAGEMENT
One person, the principal investigator, will be
responsible to the EMTS Steering Committee for the proper
conduct of the study. The principal investigator (PI) will be
the first author of the study design and will be the manager of
the study operations. The PI will be responsible for
logistics, obtaining contractors, supervision of field
operations, maintaining sample control, arranging for sample
analysis and data analysis, writing progress reports, and
acting as liaison for the EMTS Steering Committee and the study
personnel.
Within EPA such a person would likely be called a Project
Officer for that study. An EPA project officer typically makes
use of contractors to carry out most of the tasks listed above.
However, no matter what operations are delegated to the
contractor, the project officer for the study is the principal
investigator as far as the EMTS Steering Committee is concerned
and is solely responsible for the conduct of his study.
The PI will be expected to be on site during the field
operations of a study. The Steering Committee may wish to meet
with the PI on occasion before field operations begin to help
establish contacts in the community and to meet periodically
during the course of the study to facilitate information flow.
It will be the aim of the Steering Committee to help the PI in
every way it can.
All studies will be entered into a management tracking
system at RTP. This system will be used to optimize resources
when there is more than one study being conducted at once. The
PI shall provide information to the EMTS Project Coordinator as
needed for the tracking system. The EMTS Project Coordinator
will provide the PI with all the latest information concerning
29
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activities of the EMTS participants and other principal
investigators.
Figure 4 presents an organization chart which shows the
relationships and responsibilities of elements of study
management. The Steering Committee has the overall authority
for activities under the EMTS Project. The two Advisory
Committees represent the public interests in the areas of local
environment and commerce. The Public Relations staff, which is
a unit with the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution
Control Bureau, is directly responsible to the Steering
Committee and is responsible for carrying out the public
relations policies of the Steering Committee. The Project
Coordinator is also directly responsible to the Steering
Committee and is responsible for coordinating the technical
aspects of the EMTS Project. Thus the principal investigator
and the personnel responsible for the quality assurance, data
management, and data analysis functions all report to the
Steering Committee through the Project Coordinator.
Identities of the boxes in Figure 4 are as follows: The
memberships of the Steering Committee and its Advisory
Committees are listed in Tables 2, 3, and 4 respectively in
Section 1. The Project Coordinator is an EPA employee
identified at the beginning of Section 4. Quality assurance
for the EMTS Project is the responsibility of the
EPA/Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas,
Nevada. Data management is being handled by the EPA
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. Data analysis tasks are of two types,
statistical and spatial. Assistance with statistical analyses
will be available from NSI, a contractor to the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Research Triange Park.
Assistance with spatial analyses will be available from
Lockheed EMSCO, a contractor to the EPA Environrental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas.
The quality assurance and data analysis functions depicted
in Figure 4 only pertain to data being prepared for inclusion
into the EMTS data base. These functions will not be provided
to a principal investigator in order that he car. draw
conclusions from his study. Principal investigators are
expected to provide resources for the analysis of their data
and for the control of its quality. See Section 2 for support
which will be available to site users.
30
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EMTS Project
Management Structure for EMT Studies
Environmental
Advisory
Committee
EMTS Steering Committee
Business and
Industry Advisory
Committee
Public Relations
Principal
Investigator
Project Coordinator
Quality
Assurance
Data
Management
Figure 4. Study Management Structure.
31
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5.2 FIELD AND SYSTEMS AUDITS
An approved study plan will include the details of a
quality assurance program for the study. All such QA programs
will include field and systems audits. The PI must describe in
the plan the equipment and techniques that he plans to use.
EMSL-LV will then work with the PI to design and schedule
audits specific to the needs of the study.
In a systems audit, the QA staff reviews all the quality
control procedures being used during the course of a study and
compares the actual practices observed to those described in
the approved quality assurance program plan. The QA ager.t for
the EMTS Project may provide spiked and blank samples to be
analyzed by the laboratory handling the samples for the study.
The QA Agent also may collect duplicate or split samples from
the study to analyze in its QA laboratory.
In field audits the QA staff provides indepeident
calibrations of equipment by using different standard reference
materials. A field audit can detect problems with calibration
equipment that might otherwise go unnoticed by field personnel.
At a minimum a field audit should be scheduled just before a
sampling or monitoring system begins collecting data for a
study and again at the end of the data collection period. For
long term studies, additional periodic field audits may be
indicated.
The results of field and systems audits will be conpiled
into QA reports and will be furnished to the PI and the
Steering Committee. It will be the responsibility of the PI to
take corrective action if necessary to keep the data quality of
a study within the data quality objectives stated in the
approved study plan.
5.3 PUBLIC RELATIONS
Public relations for the EMTS Project is being handled by
the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control Eareau
(Bureau). Because the main conduit of information for the EMTS
Project, for its associated studies, and for the public will be
the EMTS Steering Committee, it is essential that Pi's maintain
a close association with the Steering Committee during the
course of a study. The Bureau has a long successful history of
providing technical information to the news media and to the
public. Because of the high degree of public interest in the
EMTS Project and because of the possible sensitivity cf the
32
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public to perceived or real effects of studies on business and
environmental interests, an effective public relations program
is vital to the Project. Hence, the Pi's are to inform the
Bureau in advance about and allow the Bureau to participate in
all public information efforts.
There are to be no public releases of information, no
interviews, no announcements of press conferences, and no press
conferences without first being cleared with the Bureau or
Steering Committee.
Each approved study plan will address the degree of effect
that the field operations or results of a study may have on the
community in terms of resource requirements, community image,
business and environmental interests, and benefits to the
community. News releases and preliminary results from studies
will be cleared through the Steering Committee. Certain
studies may attract more attention from the press than others.
It is vital to the longevity of the EMTS Project that principal
investigators handle interviews by newspeople with candor and
tact. It must be remembered that the purpose of the EMTS
Project is to develop methodology for assessing human exposure
to environmental pollutants and that this will help to assess
the risk to human health throughout the nation; the purpose is
not to pass judgment on the city of Chattanooga.
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6. PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS TO DOCUMENT A STUDY
This section discusses the preferred practices for
documenting the results and quality assurance data of a study,
the frequency of periodic reports during a study, the format of
the final report, peer review requirements, and subsequent
publications.
6.1 DATA VALIDATION
It is stated in the EMTS Data Management Procedures Plan
that only validated data will be incorporated into the EMTS
data base. The process of validation requires a judgment by
the user of the data regarding the suitability of the data for
an intended use. Such a judgment is usually based on an
examination of the quality assurance reports and other
ancillary information accompanying the data. For data
generated by studies conducted at the EMTS, validation will be
a joint responsibility of the QA Agent and the principal
investigator.
The QA Agent will prepare reports based on the field and
systems audits it conducts during a study. The PI will include
the results of quality control procedures such as the values of
split, blank, and spiked samples in his periodic and final
study reports. Reports also should discuss the degree of
success of attempted statistical analyses on study data and how
well the data support study objectives. Comparison of study
data to data generated in earlier, similar studies might be
relevant. All of these things are considered in judging
whether or not a data set is deemed valid for a particular use.
Generally, in the case of the EMTS Project, the expected use of
data will be to compare new methods to old ones or to validate
methods in the area of human exposure assessment. How the data
must be used to accomplish these ends is left to the principal
investigator, subject to peer review.
6.2 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
To support the management and public relations activities
of the EMTS Project, principal investigators are asked to
provide monthly reports to the Project Coordinator during the
course of a study. The purpose of these periodic reports is to
keep the Steering Committee, and hence the other EMTS
participants, reasonably up to date on study progress.
34
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Additionally, monthly reports will be used by the Project
Coordinator as a source of data for his project tracking
system.
Monthly reports can be in the form of a letter or
memorandum which includes the following:
1. Study name and tracking system identification number
(number assigned by the Project Coordinator)
2. Name and affiliation of principal investigator
3. Period of performance (typically from the first day
to the last day of a month)
4. Progress to date (by tasks or milestones as
identified in the project tracking system)
5. Problems
6. Projected work for the next reporting period
Principal investigators are asked to provide interim
results of special interest to the local community whenever
they occur. Usually such results can be reported in the
monthly reports, but occasionally special releases of
information may be warranted. Such special releases will be
handled by the public relations staff of the
Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control Bureau. The
conduit for this information will be via the EMTS Project
Coordinator, or if he so delegates, directly to the public
relations staff in Chattanooga.
Every study must have a final report. Principal
investigators are asked to follow EPA Office of Research and
Development report format requirements for final reports. The
most recent guidance from ORD is Handbook for Preparing Office
of Research and Development Reports, EPA-600/9-83-006,
RevisedMarch 1986, and it will be made available to principal
investigators by the Project Coordinator. Due dates for final
reports will be negotiable with the Project Coordinator on a
case-by-case basis. A reasonable amount of time will be
allowed for data validation and analysis, but the results of
studies will be awaited eagerly by all participants.
Non-EPA principal investigators may have different
reporting schedules or formats required by their own agencies.
Such differences should be worked out with the Project
Coordinator before field operations begin. It will be EMTS
35
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policy to be as flexible as possible in order to spare
principal investigators unnecessary work.
An executive summary of the final report shall be prepared
by the principal investigator. This document will be written
for the EMTS Steering Committee and the EMTS Advisory
Committees. It also will be used by the public relations staff
to prepare news releases or for distribution to interested
parties. The principal investigator should consult the public
relations staff when preparing the executive summary.
6.3 PEER REVIEW
Final reports, executive summaries, and data of studies
conducted at the EMTS will be subject to EPA peer review
requirements. Guidance for peer review of EPA reports will be
provided by the Project Coordinator. In general, two technical
reviewers are required, one of whom must be from outside the
reviewers are required, one of whom must be from outside the
agency. In the case of non-EPA funded studies, one of the
technical reviewers should be from outside both the funding
agency and the EPA. Peer reviewers will be selected by the
principal investigator. Reviewers will be asked to document
their comments in a letter or memorandum to the author with
copies to the Project Coordinator. The author will document
his response to the review comments, describing which were
incorporated and rebutting the others, in a cover letter
accompanying the revised report. EPA has internal forms to
track the progress of the review process, and the author may
wish to use them. Non-EPA agencies preparing EMTS study
reports may wish to use their own equivalent internal forms for
this purpose. The mechanics of accomplishing the peer review
must be worked out with the Project Coordinator.
The executive summary should accompany the final report
when it is sent for review. After the reviews are completed,
the author shall prepare a package for review by the EMTS
Steering Committee consisting of the executive summary, letters
and comments from all reviewers, and the letter containing the
author's rebuttal. Curricula vitae of the reviewers also
should be available to the Steering Committee. (Typically
these would be acquired when reviewers were selected.) The
final report itself must be made available to the Steering
Committee on request, although the Steering Committee normally
will accept the opinions of its appointed technical reviewers
and the peer reviewers on technical matters. The Committee is
more interested in the political effect that the study results
may have on Chattanooga and usually will rely on the executive
summary for its needs.
36
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Authors should make every attempt to address any questions
or problems the Steering Committee may have with either the
final report or executive summary. Although no information
will ever be suppressed, sometimes the wording and manner of
presentation can make a lot of difference. Authors should
always keep in mind the sensitivity of the community to bad
press.
6.4 PUBLICATIONS
Final reports and executive summaries should be published
by the funding agency in its customary manner.
Principal investigators are encouraged to publish papers
based on their work at the EMTS. The usual rules required by
EPA will be followed. For articles to be published in
peer-reviewed journals, EPA requires no other peer review, but
laboratory level clearance is required, and EMTS Steering
Committee clearance will be required. For presentations not to
be published, agency policy will be followed, plus a courtesy
draft copy should be made available to the EMTS Steering
Committee.
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7. PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS TO INCORPORATE STUDY DATA
INTO THE EMTS DATA BASE
Whereas the benefits to users were discussed in Section
II, the benefits to the EMTS Project are discussed here. The
objective of the EMTS Project is to provide a site for studies,
but the results of the studies are what will fulfill the
purpose of the Project; namely, to advance the state of the art
of assessing human exposure. The payoff for the Project is to
incorporate data from the studies into the EMTS data base,
further characterizing the site for subsequent users and
providing additional data to analyze in new ways. It is
requested that all principal investigators who conduct studies
at the EMTS agree to donate their data to this cause. The EMTS
Steering Committee will decide on a case-by-case basis whether
data should be included in the EMTS data base. Because the
data base will be accessible by other investigators and will be
available to the public, sensitive and confidential data will
not be added to the EMTS data base. Data should be made
available in a machine-readable format, preferably on 9-track
magnetic tape, in ASCII, and should be accompanied by a
comprehensive data dictionary. This section discusses the
design of the EMTS data base, the computer equipment and
software being used, and an overview of the data management
procedures required to enter new data.
7.1 EMTS DATA BASE DESIGN
The EMTS data base is a collection of data sets that have
little more in common than that they are relevant to the study
area, i.e., the Chattanooga MSA, and that they all have been
described in the EMTS Inventory File. The Inventory File is
maintained by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
in Las Vegas on an IBM PC using dBASEIII. Each record in the
Inventory File represents one data set. The Inventory File
contains the name of the data set, the person to contact and
location of the data set, some information about the media and
parameters measured, where and when the data were collected,
and the storage media and computer system (if any) where the
data set resides. The Inventory File also contains information
concerning the quality of the data. By querying the Inventory
File, users can determine what data sets are available in the
EMTS data base. Users can also determine whether the data will
be suitable for their needs. Access to the Inventory File can
be arranged through the EMTS Project Coordinator.
Data for the EMTS data base are of two major categories:
tabular and spatial. Tabular data constitute lists or tables
of numbers or nominal variables, such as the nares of
monitoring sites and the associated ozone concentrations as a
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function of time. Spatial data sets, however, are roost easily
depicted as maps which, for example, contain such features as
lines representing roads, or polygons representing census
tracts. Both tabular and spatial data may be digital or
nondigital. Nondigital data are usually stored on paper and
must be digitized before they can be manipulated by computer.
Both tabular, spatial, digital, and nondigital data sets are
listed in the Inventory File. If a user discovers that a data
set he wishes to use is nondigital, arrangements can be made
within the context of the EMTS Project to have it digitized. A
reasonable amount of such support will be borne by the Project,
and requests will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Data sets in the EMTS data base can be processed by two
computer systems, an IBM 3090-200 at the EPA National Computer
Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, or a DEC VAX
11/785 operated by Lockheed EMSCO in Las Vegas, Nevada. The
tabular portion of the EMTS data base resides on the IBV.. The
spatial portion resides on the VAX.
The designated storage system for tabular data in the EMTS
data base is FOCUS, a relational data base management system on
the IBM 3090. (See Appendix A.) FOCUS is used to reorganize
data so that EMTS users may check data quality or perform
statistical analyses by using other software packages available
on the IBM.' An important use of the data base management
system will be to prepare data sets for the Geographic
Information System (CIS). No particular format is required by
the EMTS data base. Virtually all retrospective data sets in
the EMTS data base have unique formats because they were
collected and stored for individual purposes. That is why a
relational data base management system with great flexibility
was chosen for the EMTS Project. EMTS users may store their
newly collected data in any format they wish so long as the
required information is included. If the data might be used in
the GIS, time would be saved if data were stored in a format
that has already been used before by ARC/INFO. Formats are
discussed further in the following section, Data Entry.
An important concept to keep in mind is that data accepted
into the EMTS data base may be used in the geographic
information system. Therefore, all data must be referenced in
space and time. Sampling locations must be located by
latitude/longitude or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid
coordinates. UTM is preferred. The smallest area size coded
into the GIS for demographic variables is the census block.Data
must be georeferenced to either a point location or an area
location. Proper coding will require consultation with the
EMTS Project Coordinator. Elevations may also be coded when
appropriate. Units are meters above mean sea level. Time must
be coded to at least the nearest minute local time (Eastern
39
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Daylight or Standard Time) and include year, month, day, hour,
minute.
Spatial analyses are performed by ARC/INFO on the VAX in
Las Vegas. All spatial data sets of the EMTS data base will be
stored by this geographical information system. The power of
the CIS lies not only in its ability to manipulate and analyze
spatial information, but in its ability, by means of the
georeference information discussed above, to relate tabular
data to map features so that tabular data can be analyzed
spatially as well. Tabular data sets can be tailored by a data
base management system for spatial analysis by ARC/INFO. When
tabular data are referenced to a map feature, the data are said
to become attributes of the map feature.
Briefly, data in the CIS data base are organized into a
group of directories and subdirectories on the VAX. The
overall project directory is called JO 6534 (job order number
for EMTS). Within JO 6534 are several subdirectories
containing files of base maps and files of associated
attributes. The subdirectories are organized by geographic
unit and scale. For example, the subdirectory TEMPLATE
contains files of county boundaries for the entire Chattanooga
MSA. There are six directories containing files for each of
the six counties. There are 54 directories containing files
for each of the 54 7.5-minute quadrangles which are required to
cover the MSA. Spatial data in the quadrangle directories are
derived from 1:24,000-scale and 1:100,000-scale Digital
Elevation Model and Digital Line Graph tapes. Figure 5
illustrates the relationships of the data directories developed
so far for the EMTS GIS data base. More information about the
CIS software, ARC/INFO, is given in Appendix B.
7.2 DATA ENTRY
Most data produced by studies will be tabular and,
hopefully, digital in nature. The first step towards entering
study data into the EMTS data base will be to get them into the
data base management system on the EPA IBM 3090-200 in Research
Triangle Park. Although it is not the intention of the EMTS
Project to provide key entry services to principal
investigators, a limited amount of key entry support may be
available on a case-by-case basis. In general, principal
investigators are asked to enter their own data and to submit
them on tape. EPA, EPA contractors, and others who have
independent access to the NCC computers can enter their data
directly into their own files for subsequent transfer to the
EMTS data base management system.
40
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Template
Political
boundaries
Fairmount
Elevation
Models
Metro
SMSA
County
24K quad
100K quad
Census
geography
Detailed
data
6 total
54 total
1
1
Sequatchie
1
Marion
1
Hamilton
Daisy
Wauhatchie
Chattanooga
E. Chattanooga
Hydrography
Roads
Pipelines
Political
Units
Chattanooga
Chickamauga
5 total
McMmnville
1
Hydrography
1 1
Roads
Railroads
1
Political
Units
Figure 5. Data Structure for the EMTS CIS,
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In order to incorporate tabular data into the GIS data
base, a subroutine must be written to transfer data from
wherever the data reside to an ARC/INFO file. To minimize the
number of such subroutines, data sets that are similar should
be stored in the same format so they may be retrieved by the
same subroutine. Data entry formats are being designed as the
EMTS data base grows. Users should consult with the EMTS
Project Coordinator to determine if a format already exists
for their data.
There may be occasions when studies produce spatial data.
Examples might be boundaries around a study area, e.g., a
neighborhood that has not been delineated on any cf the
existing maps in the GIS, or contours from some environmental
pollution model. When required for spatial analysis, such
features can be digitized in Las Vegas.
In most cases map features will be drawn and digitized at
the 1:24,000 scale. The cartography staff will redraw map
features as an overlay of a 1:24,000 USGS topographic base map.
The drawing of the new features is called a map manuscript.
The map manuscript then will be digitized, and the resulting
new file will be entered into ARC/INFO. A computer plot of the
new map will be produced on transparent Mylar and will be
manually compared to the base map by overlaying it on the base
map. The new digital map file will be edited if necessary and
then will be stored as a new coverage in ARC/INFO. A more
detailed description of this process can be found in the EMTS
Quality Assurance Program Plan.
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8. SUMMARY
The Environmental Methods Testing Site (EMTS) is the
Chattanooga, TN-GA, Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by
the Bureau of the Census. The site consists of Hamilton,
Marion, and Sequatchie counties in Tennessee; and Catoosa,
Dade, and Walker counties in Georgia. The Chattanooga area was
selected by the Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation
with the state and local governments by using a set of
comprehensive selection criteria. The EMTS is being used to
conduct a series of field studies in a common,
well-characterized location which is considered advantageous
and cost effective. The purpose is to advance the state of
knowledge about methods to measure human exposure to
environmental pollutants.
Advantages to principal investigators who choose to use
the EMTS are as follows:
o Political support from state and local governments
and an established management team through EPA
laboratories and their contractors
o A common data base that has been collected by EPA and
its participating contractors, the state of
Tennessee, the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air
Pollution Control Bureau, and the Tennessee Valley
Authority
o A quality assurance program being administered by the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las
Vegas, Nevada, and its contractor, the Environmental
Research Center of the University of Nevada-Las
Vegas.
o A data management program being administered by the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and its
contractor, Northrop Services, Incorporated
o Computer processing for statistical analysis of data
collected at the EMTS on the EPA IBM system at the
National Computer Center
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o Spatial analysis of new and old data with a
geographic information system on a VAX 785 at the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las
Vegas, Nevada, operated by its contractor, Lockheed
Engineering and Management Services Company
o Because of the benefits listed above, principal
investigators who use the EMTS can expect to conduct
their studies at a lower cost than if they went to
another city
A very large data base has been compiled for the EMTS be
accessed by prospective users of the site. Users can determine
what data are available, what the quality is, and where and
when the data were collected.
To gain access to the EMTS and its supporting programs,
prospective users must contact the Project Coordinator, Robert
Jungers, EPA, Research Triangle Park, telephone: (919) 541-7870
or FTS 629-7870. Users must demonstrate that they have funding
for their proposed field work and must submit a study plan
through the Project Coordinator for approval by the EMTS
Steering Committee.
Approved studies will be conducted in cooperation with the
EMTS Steering Committee which will facilitate communication
among the various EMTS participants. Field and systems audits
may be performed by a designated quality assurance agent for
all studies. The Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution
Control Bureau will provide public relations services for all
studies.
Principal investigators must provide monthly progress
reports to the Steering Committee during the course of a study,
and a final report and executive summary at the conclusion of a
study. Final reports will be subject to peer review. Users
are encouraged to publish their results.
When and if newly collected data are validated, principal
investigators are encouraged to contribute their data to the
EMTS Data Base so that other users of the EMTS can benefit from
their work.
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APPENDIX A
SOFTWARE AVAILABLE ON THE NCC SYSTEM
The National Computer Center operates three principal data
processing facilities: an IBM 3090-200, a Sperry 1100/82, and
a minisystems operation consisting of two DEC VAX 11/780's, an
IBM 4341, and two POP 11/70's. The systems are managed by the
National Computer Center, within the Office of Data Processing
(OOP) of the EPA Office of Administration and Resources
Management (OARM-RTP).
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FOCUS
FOCUS is a comprehensive information processing system
designed to run interactively on the IBM 3090-200 mainframe as
well as on IBM PC microcomputers. It contains features for
describing external files as well as for describing FOCUS files
for generating reports. It provides a dialogue manager
incorporating full-screen processing capabilities that can
prompt for data, and it performs validation of data based on
user definitions. Replacing most conventional programming with
nonprocedural English sentences, it attempts to avoid cryptic,
computer-inspired notations. FOCUS is powerful enough to build
menu-driven applications yet easy enough for nontechnical end
users to perform their own ad hoc queries and reports.
The capabilities of FOCUS are best viewed in terms of the
application processes described by the following components:
1. On-line data entry, editing, and updating of master
data bases as a single, continuous process.
2. On-line data entry, editing, and creation of
transaction files, followed by batch updating of master data
bases, as two separate processes.
3. Sub data base creation which consists of extracting
records or fields, or both, from a production data base (or
bases) and storing them in a data base structure for back-end
processing. Sub data base creation may involve transmission of
files to or from PC's and transmissions from the NCC mainframe
to other mainframes of minicomputers.
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4. Back-end processing which primarily consists of
retrieval, presentation, and analysis of data maintained in the
transaction files, master data bases, or sub data bases.
Back-end processing may involve canned (routine) processing and
ad hoc activities. Canned processing is a standardized
procedure which can be performed by executing a few commands.
Typically, canned programs are repetitive or commonly used
functions (e.g., standard, routine reports and queries).
FOCUS is an integrated information control system that
provides a non-procedural English-like command language and a
data base management system. Its three major capabilities are
retrieval and analysis, data base structure and storage, and
data maintenance.
Retrieval and analysis provides the following
capabilities:
1. FOCUS and PC FOCUS allow access to FOCUS and non-FOCUS
files. FOCUS can retrieve information from ADABAS, System
2000, IDMS, IMS, VSAM, Sequential, and FOCUS files.
2. A simple set of English-like commands, in concert with
master file descriptions, allows quick generation of tabular
reports and graphs.
3. The menu-driven, dialogue oriented, interactive
statistical programs provide a comprehensive statistical
analysis capability.
4. The graphics modules allow creation of simple business
graphics such as bar charts, pie charts, and histograms.
FOCUS data bases use a shared relational structure data
model. This model supports both simple and complex small or
large volumes of data. The data base facility also provides
dynamic file joining and logical file views, _ In__addition, data
encryption and security at the field-value level are available
for FOCUS files.
For data maintenance, FOCUS has a full transaction
processing facility including a data base editor, 3270 full
screen processing, and central data base control for multi-user
access and processing.
The developers of FOCUS have extended the capabilities of
the system to the IBM PC/XT and PC/AT microcomputers. The
personal computer version is compatible with the mainframe
version. This compatibility includes the capability to
46
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transfer application code and sequential files from the PC and
then to have them executed on the mainframe and vice versa.
FOCUS has introduced the concept of "talk" technology
which allows the most novice user to become quickly productive
through the use of menu-driven questions that appear on a full
screen terminal. For example, they may use TABLETALK to
develop and execute reports and FILETALK to create data base
file structures. The "talk" technology operates on both the
mainframe and PC versions of FOCUS.
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
Statistical Analysis System (version 5.11) is an
integrated system for data management and statistical analysis.
It combines statistics routines, plotting, data manipulation,
and report writing capabilities.
SAS has a PL/1-like language which is used to transform or
delete variables, create new variables, create new data sets,
merge data sets, and print all or part of a data set. SAS
accepts data in most forms and can handle many input devices.
The system also performs general data manipulation and many
statistical functions including the following:
o Linear and nonlinear regression
o Analyses of variance and co-variance
o Multivariate analyses of variance
o Matrix manipulation
o Multiple and partial correlation coefficients
o Spearman's and Kendall's correlation coefficients
o Frequency and cross-tabulation tables
o Assorted printed and plotted output
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-X)
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is an
social science data. In addition to descriptive statistics,
simple frequency distributions, and cross-tabulations, the
package contains the following:
o Simple correlation
o Partial correlation
o Means and variances for stratified subpopulations
o One-way and n-way analysis of variance
o Multiple regression
o Discriminant analysis
o Scatter diagrams
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o Factor analysis
o Canonical correlations
o Guttman scaling
The package has facilities to generate new variables which
are mathematical or logical combinations of existing variables,
to recede variables, and to sample, select, or weight specified
cases.
Economic Software Package (ESP)
The Economic Software Package is a computer language for
the statistical analysis of time series by ordinary least
squares method or the two-stage least squares method. It is
designed to carry out the computational and data processing
steps which occur routinely in economic research. ES? is a
revised and extended version of an earlier system called TSP
(Time Series Processor).
Input to ESP is made through the system's own free format
language of the system. ESP features include the following:
o Fitting and extrapolation
o Matrix operation
o Time series plots
o Statistical measures
o Normalized random number generator
o Scatter diagrams
o Exponential trend lines
International Mathematical and Statistical Library (IMSL)
The International Mathematical and Statistical Library is
an extensive collection of mathematical and statistical
subroutines. Some of the subroutines and their groupings
include the following:
o Categorized data analysis
o Eigenvalue analysis
o Forecasting
o Econometrics
o Analysis of experimental design data
o Basic statistics
o Time series analysis
o Generation and testing of random numbers
o Interpolation
o Approximation
o Curve fitting
o Linear algebraic equations
o Sampling
o Utility functions
48
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o Vector and matrix arithmetic
o Linear programming
Biomedical Computer Programs (BMDP)
The Biomedical Computer Programs are a comprehensive and
integrated library of statistical programs. These programs may
be loosely classified into six series: Data Description,
Frequency Tables, Regression Analysis, Analysis of Variance,
Multivariate Analysis, and Special (including nonparasetric
statistics and cluster analysis).
BMDP offers the user a broad set of descriptive and
analytical procedures. These procedures have convenient
defaults, offer supplementary printer graphics, and have
thorough, comprehensive documentation. Data grouping or
selection may be affected through the control language. The
generation of new variables, as well as data modification, can
be accomplished through the use of a control language or the
inclusion of a FORTRAN subroutine in the BMDP run.
o Univariate statistics (means, skewness) and
histograms
o Bivariate F and t tests and comparison of cells
o Scatter plots, probability plots
o Missing values estimates, patterns, and correlations
o Multiple linear, stepwise, best subsets, principal
component, and polynomial regression, as veil as
nonlinear regression
o Analysis of variance of fixed effect or mixed Eodels,
with repeated measure and unequal cell size options
o Nonparametric statistical analysis
o Factor analysis, canonical correlation, discriminant
analysis
o Cluster analysis on case, variables, or blocks
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APPENDIX B
INTEGRATED SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las
Vegas (EMSL-LV) provides EMTS with the capability to perform a
variety of spatial analyses of environmental data. Experts in
remote sensing and geographic information systems (CIS) work in
a highly sophisticated hardware and software environment to
provide an entirely new way of investigating environmental
problems. GIS analyses provide mechanisms for linking
relational database functions with a computer mapping system,
and this process allows locational variables and relations to
become evident. More importantly, GIS provides the capability
for models to interact with the data as well as for data layers
to interact with each other in a common framework.
The EMSL-LV will receive subsets of the relational
databases available from the NCC, will digitize map data, and
will procure spatial data already in digital format. These
data sets will be entered into the Integrated Spatial Data
Analysis System (ISDAS) and will be analyzed by using the GIS
to provide maps, files, and statistics which will enable EMTS
investigators to assess environmental monitoring methods.
HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT AT LAS VEGAS
Two separate systems are available at EMSL-LV. The
primary Laboratory computer is a VAX 11/785. This machine is
linked to the NCC mainframe through a 9600 baud dedicated line.
A variety of communications ports connect users throughout the
EMSL-LV to this machine as well as to the NCC IBM'and to the
Department of Energy Univac. EMTS data sets may be passed
directly to EMSL-LV through the RTP-to-LV link. The Laboratory
VAX supports several databases as well as a variety of
statistical analysis packages for general scientific support.
The ISDAS is supported by two computers linked with an
ETHERNET. The principal GIS machine is also a VAX 11/785, and
the principal image processing machine is a Concurrent Computer
Corporation (formerly Perkin-Elmer) Model 3210. Figure Bl
outlines the basic configuration of the Integrated Spatial Data
Analysis System. The primary design criterion for this system
was to provide maximum processing power for relatively few
users, enabling them to handle large spatial data sets. The
50
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u
8
DIGITIZER (GFEI
ALTEK
DIGITIZER
SYSTEM
(GFEI
CONCURRENT
EROAS
SYSTEM 2
LA-100
TERMINAL
UtCOMMUTATl ON
SYSTEM
(GFE)
CONCURRENT
COMPUTER
COMPANY
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
COMPANY
MEMORY
•4MB
INSTALLED
•2MB (GFEI
•WMB
VIRTUAL
•8MBINSTSALLED
•32MB MAX
•4.2GB VIRTUAL
SOFTWARE
ARC/INFO
ERDAS
BATTERY
BACKUP
DATATRIVE
DECNET
KERMIT
WPS PLUS
(GFE)
PCMD (GFE)
KERMIT
ELECTROSTATIC
.PLOTTER
BATTERY
BACKUP
D8CWRITER
(OFEI
IBM PC/AT
(GFE)
WORDSTA*
CROSSTALK
LOTUS 123
dBASE III
KERMIT
16
6250
TAPE
DRIVE
1600/
6250
TAPE
DRIVE
SYSTEM USER
Figure Bl. Integrated Spatial Data Analysis System.
-------
following discussion refers to the ISDAS and not to the
Laboratory System, unless stated otherwise.
GIS Hardware
The ISDAS VAX is configured with 8 megabytes of main
memory, two 1600/6250 bpi tape drives, three RU-81 456 MB disk
drives, user control store, and 16 asynchronous input lines.
External communication is provided by one modem set at 300/1200
baud and another modem set at 2400 baud. No direct link to the
ISDAS VAX is available to remote users other than by modem.
However, users with access to the Las Vegas switch can have the
switch call the ISDAS VAX modem. This then utilizes a local
call rather than a long-distance call. All other communication
ports are occupied by internal RS-232 connections at 9600 baud.
A Floating Point Systems Model 5305 Array Processor is linked
to the system for the processing of large matrices of data.
Much of the EMTS data is input from tape and is already in
digital format (such as data from the NCC IBM, photogramnetric
workstations, or multispectral scanner data). Data that are in
analog (map) format are digitized by using a Calcomp 9100
digitizing table (48 inches x 60 inches surface) with a
resolution of 0.003 inch. For some special applications, image
data from sources such as maps or aerial photographs can be
captured by using dual video camera systems on the Aeronca VGS
300+ video digitizing and analysis system, can be processed on
its IBM PC/AT system, and can be transferred to the VAX by
using the KERMIT file transfer protocol or floppy disks.
A Tektronix Model 4125 and a Model 4111 graphics terminal
are used as workstations for digitizing, analyzing, and
displaying vector-oriented graphics. Five DECmate III
workstations are used as general purpose terminals for the VAX
and can also serve as stand-alone word processors. An LA-100
terminal provides convenient hardcopy. Several IBM PC/AT
computers , including an ERDAS workstation and the VGS 300 +
system, can also be used as VAX or Concurrent Computer
terminals , either with direct connections or through modem
links. This allows easy file transfers from IBM floppy disks
or hard disks to or from the VAX.
Raster data analysis is provided by using an ERDAS IBM
PC/AT System 2 connected to the VAX with an IEEE 488 interface.
This system functions as both a stand-alone system or as a
workstation to the VAX. A 19-inch monitor provides raster
52
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display in a 512- by 512-pixel three image plane truecolor
format.
The results of data analysis may be output to tape or
toIBM-compatible floppy disk. If hardcopy is desired, maps may
be produced in color on either of two devices. The primary
color plotter is a Versatec Model 7224 Electrostatic Color
Plotter. This instrument plots at a resolution of 200 dots per
inch on either paper or plastic media which is 24 inches in
width and of any length desired. The secondary plotting device
is a Tektronix Model 4692 Color Graphics Copier. This plotter
is a 8.5 inch x 11 inch media rotating drum ink jet device.
The 4692 is connected to both the Tektronix 4125 and 4111,
andthis interconnection provides color reproductions of the
displays on both paper and clear acetate.
Image Processing Hardware
The principal image processing machine is a Concurrent
Computer Corporation Model 3210 minicomputer with 4 megabytes
of main memory in 32 bit words, a Winchester 300 MB fixed disk,
a 300 MB mountable disk (with multiple disk packs), two
800/1600 bpi tape drives, and a 300 1pm line printer. This CPU
Raster (image) data such as LANDSAT or SPOT satellite data
or digital elevation models, are usually entered into the
system through tape. Other examples of raster data entry are
(1) files transferred from an Aeronca VGS 300+ video graphics
system and (2) direct decommutation of high density digital
tapes of airborne multispectral scanner data (MSS).
Analysis is provided by using a Comtal 8000 and a DeAnza
ID 1124 image processing system. The Comtal is a 512- x
512-pixel, single- image plane, pseudocolor display device,
andthe DeAnza is a 1024- x 1024-pixel, three image plane,
truecolor device. Both systems are connected to the Concurrent
System as direct memory access (DMA) devices through a selector
channel (SELCH) and interface board. Additional image
processing is available on the IBM PC/AT-based ERDAS and
Aeronca VGS 300+ systems connected to the VAX.
Raster hardcopy output is provided by a Dunn Instruments
camera system linked to the DeAnza display (1024 x 1024) and by
the Versatec Electrostatic Color Plotter.
SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
Although much of" the software used by the ISDAS is
available from commercial sources, the state of the art and
technology is such that it must be considered developmental.
53
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Certain portions of the software are more mature and could be
considered operational. However, many of the functions of the
software need considerable programmer support. Therefore, the
interdisciplinary team which handles the analyses for EMTS
includes software engineers, mathematicians, and computer
scientists, as well as disciplinary scientists. The overall
environment is one of growth and development, with new software
and techniques for analysis being developed constantly.
CIS Software
ARC/INFO, a product available from Environmental Systems
Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), is the primary CIS input and
analysis tool. This software provides all the necessary
functions for digitizing, editing, combining, and plotting GIS
data. The software combines a relational database language
(INFO) available from Henco, Inc., with computer graphics and
GIS analysis software (ARC) to provide a complete package of
GIS functions on the ISDAS VAX 11/785.
In ARC/INFO, maps are usually represented as a collection
of points which describe points, lines, and polygons. This
type of representation is called "vector." The software
maintains the x, y coordinate pairs which describe these points
in several files with specialized formats and also maintains in
several files with specialized formats and also maintains the
attributes which relate to these points in INFO files. The
program, ARC, relates the coordinate pair data to the attribute
(thematic) data through internal ID numbers common to both sets
of data files. INFO allows up to 10 files to be "related" in a
relational chain, and each file may contain multiple
attributes.
ARC/INFO files are topologically structured. This means
that the spatial relationships between map features are defined.
Points are the simplest case and are simply represented by
coordinates and associated attributes (topographic elevation,
pollutant levels, etc.). Lines are represented as arcs which
have "nodes" (starting and ending points) with a linked
collection of points between them. Arcs may have attributes
assigned to them (such as "County Road 49"), and they may have
attributes that bound them on the left and right (the line
forms the boundary between soil 1 and soil 2). Arcs which
share nodes are identified and may form polygons. Polygons may
contain up to 5,000 arcs of 500 points each. Tables of
attribute data are maintained in INFO for points, lines, and
polygons.
The maps are organized into groups called "coverages."
Usually, point, line, and polygon coverages are kept in
separate files even though they represent the same theme (or
54
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subject). Additionally, the coverages may be divided into
"modules" (or "tiles") which are edge-matched portions of the
database. (For the EMTS database, the matrix of 54 7.5-cinute
USGS Quadrangles forms the tile structure of the digital
database.) The modules need not be rectangular, although that
is usually the convention. Thus, analysis may focus on
selected coverages (such as soils, roads, and streams) for
selected modules (such as the Fairmount Quadrangle).
Interactive display and analysis are accomplished by using
a combination of ARC, INFO, TIN, and NETWORK. These programs
form the basic tools for spatial analysis of vector data.
ARC/INFO is a combination of over 300 routines for the handling
of digital cartographic and spatially associated tabular data.
It is designed as a generic tool box for data entry,
manipulation, analysis, and display. NETWORK is a series of
procedures which manage, analyze, and display geographic
networks, such as city streets, railroads, rivers, and utility
lines. Functions include managing DIME files, interactive
districting, optimum routing, address matching, and facility
allocation testing. TIN is a set of routines for handling
continuous data such as digital terrain models or results from
trend surface analyses. Functions include contouring, point
perspective (3-D) display, watershed modeling, slope/aspect
analysis, Thiessen polygon calculation, cut-and-fill analysis,
and digital terrain model analysis.
Additional trend surface analyses may be accomplished by
using the SURFACE II contouring software.
Plotting on the Versatec Color Plotter is accomplished
through the ARCOKIT routines interacting with special interface
software from USGS and with custom software written at EMSL-LV.
Image Processing Software
Raster files are formatted quite differently from vector
files. Each location on the image is represented by a cell or
picture element (pixel) in which an eight-bit number resides.
(The image is really a matrix of integers encoded to represent
topographic elevation, spectral radiance, land cover class,
etc.) These files may be extremely large, depending on the
resolution of each pixel. EMSL-LV has translator programs to
covert both ELAS and ERDAS raster data files to the ARC-GRID
format and to the ARC/INFO vector format.
Raster data is handled by a combination of software
routines residing on both the Concurrent Computer and the VAX.
The NASA Earth Resources Laboratory Analysis Software (ELAS)
forms the mainstay of the EMSL-LV raster processing capability.
The ELAS package has over 200 analysis routines linked together.
55
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EMSL-LV has added at least another 50 routines to the package
for the processing of Aircraft MSS data and has extensively
modified much of the basic software. The Concurrent system is
the primary computer for the ELAS software, but a version of
ELAS containing a limited number of functions is implemented on
the VAX.
Additional raster processing is available on the VAX
through the ERDAS image processing system and the ESRI
routines, GRID and GRIDTOPO. The ERDAS software resides both
on the VAX and on an IBM PC/AT that has been specially
configured as a VAX workstation. The ERDAS software performs a
variety of raster GIS and image processing functions including
image display, enhancement, and classification which augment
the ELAS functions on the Concurrent computer. ERDA5 data
files may be easily transferred to the ARC/INFO vector format,
although it is useful in some cases to maintain the raster data
structure.
GRID/GRIDTOPO is a software package, developed by ESRI,
for raster GIS processing. It primarily functions as the
translator between other gridded data formats and ARC/INFO, but
it also contains some special purpose raster data handling
routines for processing digital topographic data.
PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
Software is usually generated in FORTRAN, which is
supported on both machines. Special purpose routines are
sometimes generated in C or PASCAL, which are supported only on
the VAX. Each different data source usually requires some
reformatting before being converted to ARC/INFO file structure;
some data structures require extensive conversion and editing.
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
The most effective method of transferring data to the
ISDAS is via 1600 or 6250 bpi tape in either binary or ASCII
format. Small data sets may be transmitted via modem through
the Laboratory Computer switch at a rate of 1200 baud .External
communication with the ISDAS is possible at rates of up to 2400
baud, but the display software requires such large amounts of
data that data transfers cannot be accomplished effectively at
that slow speed.
56
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EMSL-LV
INTEGRATED SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM
CONCURRENT COMPUTER SYSTEM (FORMERLY PERKIN-ELMER)
MODEL 3210 CPU
4 MB MEMORY
POWER EXPANSION
56" CABINET
FLOATING POINT PROCESSOR
9 TRACK 800/1600 TAPE DRIVE (2)
300 MB REMOVABLE MEDIA DISK
300 MB FIXED WINCHESTER DRIVE
300 LPM LINE PRINTER & ACOUSTICAL CABINET
BATTERY BACKUP
8 LINE COM MUX (2)
3200 SELECTOR CHANNEL (7)
DMA EXPANSION CHASSIS
6100 VDU TERMINALS (3)
SYSTEM CONSOLE
ETHERNET HARDWARE
SELECTOR CHANNEL
EXPANSION CHASSIS
CONCURRENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE
OS/32
OS/32 MTM
FORTRAN 7-D
FORTRAN 7-Z UPGRADE
ELAS
ETHERNET
PCMD (DECOMMUTATION SOFTWARE)
CUSTOM IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE
VAX 11/785 HARDWARE
11/785 CPU
8 MB MEMORY
BATTERY BACKUP
FLOATING POINT PROCESSOR
USER CONTROL STORE
456 MB WINCHESTER DISKS (3)
1600/6250 TAPE DRIVES (2)
16 ASYN 2 SYN CONNECTONS
BAll-KU EXPANDER BOX
DDll-D 2-SU FOR BAll
57
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LA-100 TERMINAL (OPERATOR'S CONSOLE)
GENERAL PURPOSE DMA INTERFACE
300/1200/2400 BAUD MODEMS (6)
LETTER QUALITY PRINTER
DECMATE III TERMINALS (5)
285 LPM LINE PRINTER
ETHERNET HARDWARE
LA-100 TERMINAL
VAX 11/785 SOFTWARE
VAX VMS
WPS PLUS
PASCAL
C
FORTRAN 77
ELAS
ERDAS
ARC/INFO (SEE BELOW)
MODFLOW
SUTRA
GWPATHl
SURFACE II
CUSTOM IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE
KERMIT
DECNET
DATATRIEVE
CUSTOM PLOTTING SOFTWARE
ETHERNET
G 7 H MICROCODE
TEKTRONIX HARDWARE
4125 TERMINAL
ADDED MEMORY
INTERFACE
AUTOCONVERGENCE
RASTERIZER
4111 TERMINAL
MODEL 4692 COLOR GRAPHICS COPIER
FLOATING POINT SYSTEMS HARDWARE
FPS 5305 ARRAY PROCESSOR
DEC UNIBUS HARDWARE
58
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FLOATING POINT SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
DEC UNIBUS INTERFACE
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE
IMAGE PROCESSING LIBRARY
ADVANCED MATH LIBRARY
VERSATEC HARDWARE
MODEL 7224 ELECTROSTATIC COLOR 24" PLOTTER
MODEL 7024-20 MEDIA WINDER
MODEL 830-00 RASTER PROCESSOR MACHINE
MODEL 122-00 CONTROLLER INTERFACE
VERSATEC VERSAPLOT COLOR RANDOM SOFTWARE
USGS LINK TO ARC/INFO
CUSTOM PLOTTING SOFTWARE
ESRI SOFTWARE
ARC/INFO
GRID
GRIDTOPO
NETWORK
TIN
TEK IGL
INTERNET SYSTEMS ETHERNET SOFTWARE
IBM PC/AT SYSTEM 2 WORKSTATION HARDWARE
ERDAS PC IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
ERDAS VAX IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
SMARTTERM
IEEE 488 GPIB INTERFACE TO VAX
19" 512 X 512 4-CHANNEL COLOR DISPLAY
CALCOMP 9100 48" X 60" HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITIZING TABLET
LOCKHEED-DESIGNED DECOMMUTATION SYSTEM FOR DS-1260 DATA
10,000 BPI TAPE DRIVE
SCHLUMBERGER BIT SYNCHRONIZERS (11)
INTERFACE TO CONCURRENT SYSTEM
59
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DEANZA ID1124 IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
DUNN INSTRUMENTS RECORDER
1024 X 1024 3-IMAGE DISPLAY
COMTAL 8000 IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
512 X 512 SINGLE CHANNEL DISPLAY
AERONCA VGS 300+ VIDEO INPUT AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM
IBM PC/AT PROCESSOR
512 X 512 VIDEO CAMERAS (2)
VGS 300+ SOFTWARE
KERMIT
14" 512 X 512 COLOR DISPLAY
IBM PC/AT SYSTEM
WORDSTAR 2000
CROSSTALK
KERMIT
LOTUS 123
dBASE III
1.2 MB FLOPPY DRIVE
360 K FLOPPY DRIVE
MONOCHROME GRAPHICS MONITOR
512 K MEMORY
OKIDATA 193 PRINTER
60
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APPENDIX C
SUPPORT FACILITIES IN THE CHATTANOOGA AREA
The following list was compiled by the
Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control Bureau (APCB)
in March 1986. Users of the EMTS may find the list helpful for
locating local professional services.
COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
Chattanooga State Technical Community College (615) 697-4457
Sherry Hoppe, Ph.D., Dean
4501 Amnicola Highway
Chattanooga, TN 37406
Covenant College (615) 820-1560
Martin Essenberg, Ph.D., President
Scenic Highway
Lookout Mountain, GA 37411
Edmondson Junior College (615) 698-3885
3635 Brainerd Road
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Southern College of Seventh-Day Adventists (615) 238-2111
John Wagner, Ph.D., President
Collegedale, TN 37315
Tennessee Temple University (615) 698-6021
J. Don Jennings, Ph.D., President
Jonathan Henry, Ph.D., Acting Head
Department of Mathematics
1815 Union Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
University of Tennessee, Chattanooga (615) 755-4141
Fredrick Obear, Ph.D., Chancellor
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Ronald B. Cox, Ph.D., Dean
School of Engineering
James G. Ware, Ph.D., Head
Department of Mathematics
615 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37403
HOSPITALS
Allergy and Asthma Clinic of Chattanooga
721 Glenwood Drive
Memorial Medical Center, West
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Centra Care Medical Centers
4490 Hixson Pike
Hixson, TN 37343
403 McBrien Road
East Ridge, TN 37412
T.C. Thompson Children's Hospital-
Medical Center
910 Blackford Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Diagnostic Hospital
2412 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Downtown General Hospital
709 Walnut Street
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Erlanger Medical Center
Cancer and Tumor Clinic
975 East Third Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Humana Hospital East Ridge
941 Spring Creek Road
East Ridge, TN 37412
Hutcheson Memorial Tri-County Hospital
100 Gross Crescent
Ft. Oglethorpe, GA 30742
(615) 698-5293
(615) 875-0700
(615) 894-3589
(615) 778-6011
(615) 698-0221
(615) 266-7721
(615) 778-7000
(615) 266-3029
(615) 894-7870
(615) 866-2121
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Med-South, Inc.
4432 Highway 58
Chattanooga, TN
37416
Memorial Hospital
2500 Citico Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Metropolitan Hospital
511 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Mountain View Center, Inc.
200 Mountain View
Ft. Oglethorpe, GA 30742
North Park Hospital
2051 Hamill Road
Hixson, TN 37343
Parkridge Hospital
2333 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Red Bank Community Hospital
632 Morrison Springs Road
Red Bank, TN 37415
Sequatchie General Hospital
Dunlap, TN 37237
Shallowford Medical Center
7020 Shallowford. Road at 1-75
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Wildwood Sanitarium and Hospital
Exit 169, 1-24
Wildwood, GA. 37419
LABORATORIES
Environmental Testing
Analytical Industrial Research Laboratory
153 Warehouse Mart
Chattanooga, TN 37416
Technical Laboratories, Inc.
515 Cherokee Boulevard
Chattanooga, TN 37405
(615) 894-5861
(615) 629-8100
(615) 265-3303
(615) 861-4357
(615) 870-1300
(615) 698-6061
(615) 870-2211
(615) 267-2964
(615) 899-2121
(615) 820-1493
(615) 894-8101
(615) 265-4533
63
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Wastewater Operators and Consultants
153 Warehouse Mart
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Construction Testing
GEO Construction Testing, Inc.
2103 Linsley Place
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Industrial Laboratories, Inc.
600 East 10th Street
Chattanooga, TN 37408
901 Riverfront Parkway
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Infrared Research, Inc.
100 Park City Road
Ft. Oglethorpe, GA 30742
Inspection Service, Inc.
831 Ashland Terrace
Hixson, TN 37343
Mid-South Testing Laboratories, Inc.
3403 Lisa Drive
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Universal Testing Laboratories, Inc.
Commerce Onion Bank Tower
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Medical Testing
Allied Laboratories
863 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Andco Laboratory
107 South Maple Street
Ringgold, GA 30736
Hoover Laboratory
105 1/2 Chickamauga Avenue
Rossville, GA 30741
Plaza Clinical Laboratory
Erlanger Hospital
979 East Third Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
(615) 895-9301
(615) 624-0967
(615) 267-0274
(615) 26--0825
(615) 87C-8011
(615) 624-6707
(615) 265-6985
(615) 756-0533
(615) 935-9829
(615) 866-6376
(615) 776-3195
64
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Roche Bioffiedical Laboratories
6172 Airways Boulevard
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Vascular Diagnostic Services, Inc.
Whitehall Medical Center, Suite 308
960 East Third Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
W.K.S. Pathology, Inc.
Parkridge Hospital
2333 McCailie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PRIVATE COMPANIES
Environmental Engineering
Advanced Waste Management Systems, Inc.
Principal: Richard A. Ellis, Ph.D.
P.O. Box 100
Hixson, TN 37343
Principal: George J. Hyfantis, Jr., Ph.D., P.E.
134 Court Avenue, Suite 205
Sevierville, TN 37862
Campbell & Associates, Inc.
701 East 4th Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Davies Engineering, Inc.
505 Cherokee Boulevard
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Hensley-Schmidt, Inc.
817 Broad Street
Chattanooga, TN 37408
(615) 899-3521
(615) 756-1342
(615) 622-9560
(615) 870-5212
(615) 428-0849
(615) 267-9718
(615) 267-0874
(615) 752-3663
Architectural/Civil Engineering
Action Consultants, Inc.
208 Frazier Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Allen & Hcshall, Inc.
5928 Lake Resort Drive
Chattanooga, TN 37343
(615) 267-2222
(615) 877-5116
65
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Basarrate & Associates
1110 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Bell Engineering
414 Spring Street
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Bennett & Pless, Inc.
930 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Cook & Spencer Consultants, Inc.
5813 Lee Highway
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Franklin Design Group, Inc.
615 Lindsay Street
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Gill Harrison & Associates, Inc.
1092 Chamberlain Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37406
March Adams & Associates
3315 North Hawthorne Street
Chattanooga, TN 37406
Miller-McCoy, Inc.
5805 Lee Highway
Chattanooga, TN 37421
PDS Engineers & Constructors, Inc,
117 Nowlin Lane
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Watt & Estes Inc.
4926 Adams Road
Hixson, TN 37343
Whitfield Engineering Co.
609 Schmitt Road
Rossville, GA 30741
Chemical/Industrial Engineering
Garner & Associates
6050 Lee Highway
Chattanooga, TN 37421
(615) 629-9877
(615) 266-1252
(615) 756-7943
(615) 899-4379
(615) 267-7681
(615) 622-1124
(615) 698-6675
(615) 894-2244
(615) 894-0987
(615) 842-3335
(615) 866-5855
(615) 899-3857
66
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Marlboro Enterprises, Inc.
634 Mississippi Avenue
Signal Mountain, TN 37377
Sartain Associates
Wedgewood Office Park
4385 North Ocoee
Cleveland, TN 37311
Mechanical Engineering
Mech-Elect Services, Inc.
701 East 4th Street
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Mechanical Associates, Inc.
201 Tinsley Place
Chattanooga, TN 37408
CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS, INDEPENDENT
Natural Sciences
Biology—
Benson, Bernard W.
614 Texas Avenue
Signal Mountain, TN 37377
(615) 886-3090
Litchford, Robert G.
Route 4, Box 97B
Chickamauga, GA 30707
(404) 398-3278
Chemistry—
Pitkin, Jack L.
821 Button Drive
Chattanooga, TN 37343
Trotter, Julian T.
Route 4, Box 423B, Bethel Road
Hartselle, AL 35640
(205) 773-8767
Physical Sciences
Kinkel, Bryan
P.O. Box 108
Alvaton, KY 42122
(615) 886-5583
(615) 476-9161
(615) 264-9266
(615) 624-2204
Specialization
Botany
Parasite
Physiology
Organic
Chemistry
Environmental
Chemistry
Meteorology
67
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Engineering
Environmental Engineering-
Gay, Robert L., Ph.D.
4423 SW Hamilton Terrace
Portland, OR 97201
(503) 223-4150
Civil Engineering—
Lutin, Phillip
7201 Jarnigan Road
Chattanooga, TN 37421
(615) 892-3111
Mechanical Engineering—
Rhoden, Grady L.*
P.O. Box 8503
Chattanooga, TN 37411
(615) 622-1180
Air Quality
Impact Studies
Health Effects
Assessment
CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, CHATTANOOGA 37403
Geosciences
Bergenback, Richard E.
Department of Geosciences
(615) 755-4423
Churnet, Habte G.
Department of Geosciences
(615) 755-4605
Perfetti, Patricia A.
Department of Geosciences
Wilson, Robert L.
Department of Geosciences
Computer Science
Anderson, David L.
Center of Excellence for Computer Applications
(615) 344-2375
Day, Bernard C.
Department of Computer Science
Specialization
Geology;
Petrology
Minerology;
Geochemistry
Botany
Geography;
Hydrology
CECA Project
Administration
Systems
Analysis &
Design
*Denotes registration as a Professional Engineer (P.E. )
68
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Lewis, Elise R.
Department of Computer Science
Smith, Janet C.
Department of Computer Science
Smith, Jerry D.
Department of Computer Science
Smullen, Stephanie A.
Department of Computer Science
(615) 755-4395
Engineering
Chemical Engineering--
Clifford, Wayne H.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Cunningham, James R.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Henry, James M.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Civil Engineering—
Foster, Edwin P.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Systems
Programming
Statistical
Analysis;
Research
Design
Database
Management
Systems
Graphics
Applications;
Database
Management
Systems
Process
Simulation;
Computer
Applications
Unit
Operations;
Pollution
Controls;
Computer
Applications
Pollution
Controls;
Energy
Management;
Computer
Applications
Finite Element
Analysis;
Structural
Analysis
*Denotes registration as a Professional Engineer (P.E.)
69
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Wynn, Robert H.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Electrical Engineering—
Carney, Terrance M.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Eltom, Ahmed Hassan
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4381
Jones, Byron M.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Parten, Clifford R.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Sendaula, Henry M.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4355
Thomason, Virgil A.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4373
Todd, Donald E.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4339
Fluid
Mechanics;
Structural
Dynamics;
Computer
Applications
Control
Systems;
Power Systems;
Computer
Applications
Power Systems
Power Systems
Control
Systems;
Network
Analysis;
Communications
Control
Systems
Microprocessor
Applications
Microprocessor
Applications;
Network
Analysis
Electro-
magnetics;
Network
Analysis;
Computer
Architecture
*Denotes registration as a Professional Engineer (P.E. )
70
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Industrial Engineering/Engineering Management-
Baker, Merl
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4015
Evans, Jan M.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Hailey, Max L.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
McMahon, Edward H.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4771
Mechanical Engineering-
Cassell, Don S.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4121
Damshala, Prakash R.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4390
Gurley, William Q.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4366
Hiestand, James W.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4038
Resource
Allocation;
Project
Planning
Manufacturing
Systems;
Project
Management;
Quality
Control
Numerical
Analysis;
Project
Management;
Inventory
Control
Engineering
Economy;
Value
Engineering;
Process
Development
Thermal
Sciences;
Nuclear Power
Systems
Thermal
Sciences;
Solar Energy
Systems
Mechanics;
Dynamics
Thermal
Sciences;
Computer
Applications
*Denotes registration as a Professional Engineer (P.E.)
71
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Jones, Michael H.*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4369
Knight, Charles*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4392
McDonald, Gary H.
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4483
Schonblom, J. Eric*
School of Engineering
(615) 755-4309
Thermal
Sciences;
Fluid
Mechanics
Thermal
Sciences;
Computer
Applications;
Pollution
Controls
Thermal
Sciences;
Mechanics;
Numerical
Analysis
Thermal
Sciences;
Statistical
Analysis;
Energy
Management
*Denotes registration as a Professional Engineer (P.E. )
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APPENDIX D
DOCOiENTATION OF THE INVENTORY FILE QUESTIONNAIRE
The Inventory File system utilizes four files. Three
files, SET, TYPE, and COMMENT, are used by the Inventory
Questionnaire. The fourth file, QASTAT, is used by the QA
agent to store data quality and data status information. This
appendix contains a copy of the documentation which accompanied
the Inventory Questionnaire Program that was sent to EMTS
participants. In addition, tables have been included which
show the data structures of the four files. This information
is presented so that prospective EMTS users can see what kind
of information is available from the Inventory File.
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EMTS INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
This Instruction Document should be used as a guide for Version
2.0 of the EMTS questionnaire program. Version 2.0 is the
final questionnaire program that will be issued. The purpose
of this questionnaire is to inventory the types of data your
agency holds. The questions asked do not pertain to the data
points given within data sets but to information such as
Heading, Abstract, Time and Place of the study, and general
contents.
Answer the questions to the best of your ability, and please
take the time to research an answer before leaving it blank.
Also use the comment fields provided to explain an answer fur-
ther or tc explain possibly why you cannot provide an answer.
This questionnaire will be very helpful in querying the type of
data sets that are available for the EMTS. That is its major
purpose. If it appears from your answers that a data set can
be used for the EMTS Data Base, a copy of that data set will
then be requested from your organization.
This document is essentially a hardcopy of Version 2.0. It
should help you get through the program with ease. If you
still have questions on how to enter your data, please do not
hesitate to call the Environmental Research Center.
Some general pointers about answering this questionnaire:
i. When you are entering information into a record,
use the direction arrows to move the cursor to the
desired position. If you press return or PgDn in this
version, you will move on to the next field.
ii. If one data set contains many files that go by different
names or contains many different aspects of data, you can
enter the data in two ways, as follows:
(1) Follow the most general scheme of information that
pertains to the entire data set and enter the data
set under one reference number. In addition, supple-
ment your entries with a hardcopy of all the
filenames that are contained within the data set.
(2) Separate the data set into one reference number for
each file. Use one reference number with a letter
following it (example: 041A, 041B, 041C etc.). This
option should be used only if the files contain data
that is so different that no general topic could be
used.
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***************************************************************
FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Note: The words in parenthesis are the actual field names in
the Inventory Database.
COLOR Do you have a color monitor?
(Response) Answer this question with Y(yes) or N(no).
The display screens will be multi-colored or
monochrome according to your syster. and
answer.
How can this data set be identified ?
AGENCY CODE The first numbers of the reference number
(Source_id) identifying you, the EMTS participant who
provides information for this Inventory File.
Designated codes are as follows:
Participants gathering data.
01 Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control
Board
02 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas
03 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Research
Triangle Park
04 Environmental Research Center (Las Vegas)
05 EPA Office of Toxic Sustances (Washington D.C.)
06 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co. (Las
Vegas)
07 Northrop Services, Inc. (Research Triangle Park)
08 Region 4 (EPA, Atlanta, GA)
09 Tennessee Department of Health and Environment
(Nashville)
10 Tennessee Valley Authority (Chattanooga)
REFERENCE NO. Reference number - A combination of the
(Ref_No) agency code and up to four digits, assigned by
the EMTS participant above as a unique number
for each entry in the Inventory File. Each
data set described must have a reference num-
ber assigned. A listing of the Reference num-
bers used will appear before each new entry.
TITLE Title or header of the report, document,
(Title) map, or data set being described, if such
a title exists.
75
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ABSTRACT The abstract is a short description of the
(Describ) data set contents.
DOCUMENT NO. Document Number identifying the report,
(Doc_No) document, or data set. This refers to any al-
phanumeric code assigned by publishers,
agencies, NTIS, libraries, etc. (such as ap-
pears on the cover of most government
documents) . The DOC_NO may or may not exist.
It should not be confused with the REF_NO
which is a mandatory entry field and unique to
the EMTS Inventory File.
What kinds of data are available ?
For purposes of the EMTS Data Inventory File, data have been
divided into two major categories: Geographic and
Environmental. Within each major category is a list of Primary
Data Elements or SUBJECTS. Associated with each Subject is a
list of Secondary Data Elements or ATTRIBUTES. Together these
two categories will describe the type of data that is contained
within the data sets you will enter into the Inventory File.
Fields 1 through 11 represent the 11 categories of Geographic
Data. Fields 12 through 16 represent the 5 categories of En-
vironmental Quality data.
You are asked to identify what kind of data you have by choos-
ing a SUBJECT and the associated ATTRIBUTES that correlate to
the selected Subject. These categories are basic; if the sub-
ject of your data source does not fit into one of these defined
areas, you are asked to enter number 17, "other," and to record
your Subject in the space provided on the comment screen.
Examples of the types of Attribute Data expected to be as-
sociated with the individual Subjects are listed following each
Subject. As with the Subject listing, if you have attribute
data that is not listed, mark "other" and proceed to enter the
information pertaining to your attribute data on the comment
screen that will appear when "other" is entered. The field name
for the "other" comment is (Dcom).
Note: The listing of attributes below will appear as they do
on the actual screens. Also, the subject numbers entered will
be stored under the field name (Subject), and the attributes
marked will be stored under the field name (Attribute).
***************************************************************
76
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GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
1. NATURAL RESOURCES
Soils
Geology
Topography
Vegetation
Land use/land cover
Natural Features
(Mountain peaks, etc.)
Mineral Dposits
Other (mark to enter a comment)
2. HYDROGRAPHY
USGS Cataloging units
Groundwater basins
Flood hazard boundaries
Aquifer information
USEPA Hydrologic reach
River milage
Stream order
Stream situation/stage
Stream condition/flow
Stream periodicity
Public waterways
Navigability
Channelization
River locks
Commercial boat docks
Climate/meteorology
record stations
Stream elevations
Seeps and springs
USGS Surface water
gauging stations
USGS Water quality stations
SWS Stream gauging stations
SWS Instream sediment
monitoring stations
SWS Lake and reservior
sedimentation survey sites
SWS Dam safety survey sites
SWS Surface water intakes
SWS Water quality stations
Drinking water source
Water routing to consumers
Well water locations
SWS Sanitary discharge points
USGS Watstore/USEPA Storet
USGS Observation wells
Other (mark tc enter a comment)
METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
3.
Temperature
Insolation
Pressure
Relative humidity
- dew point
Precipitation
Wind
Monitoring sites
Climatic regions
Other (mark to enter a comment)
POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
State reserves
State natural areas
Federal reserves
Forest districts
Parks
Surveyed township, range,
& section
Senatorial districts
Congressional districts
Water districts
77
-------
Local administrative Sanitation districts
districts Gas company districts
Land status/land ownership Electric company districts
Irrigation districts
Other (mark to enter a comment)
5. INFRASTRUCTURE AND CULTURAL DATA
Highways Airports
Roads Schools
Railroads Churches
Transmission lines Cemetaries
Pipelines Hospitals
Bridges Shopping centers
Trails Private residence
Windmills Commercial availability
Watertanks Industrial sites
Sanitary landfills
Other (mark to enter a comment)
6. DEMOGRAPHY
States Population
Counties Sex/Age
Minor civil divisions Race
Urbanized area/places Employment
Incorporated places Occupation
Census designated places Education
Zip code areas Income
Census tracts Home market value
Enumeration districts Commuting patterns
Block numbering areas Dietary characteristics
Block groups Confidential information
Blocks
Households
Other (mark to enter a comment)
^^^ — ^1— ^^«i ^ •• KB •» ••• *_ ^ ^ ^ •_ flH ^ ••> Bi ••••«• «M ^ •••^VMOB^
-------
8. AGRICULTURE DATA
Crop type and yield
Management practices
Animal productivity
Crop storage, distribution, & handling
Prime agricultural land
Other (mark to enter a comment)
9. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL DATA
Municipal products Abandoned waste sites
Municipal treatments Solvents and fuel use or
Industrial products storage
Industrial treatments Waste assays
RCRA facilities Oil & Gas wells
NPDES permit sites Mines
Hazardous waste sites Complaints
(e.g., ranked superfund
sites)
Other (mark to enter a comment)
10. SPECIAL BIOLOGICAL DATA
Wildlife distributions
Endangered species data
Wetlands
Critical habitats
Other (mark to enter a comment)
11. SPECIAL PHYSICAL FEATURES
Sinkholes
Faults
Epicenter data
Caves
Seismic & Drill holes
Other (mark to enter a comment)
***************************************************************
79
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
12,
AIR
SAMPLING SOURCE
Emissions data
Area source emission
Emission rates/fuel group
Indoor air
Ambient air
Point source
Mobile source
Industrial
& Municipal waste
Radiological data
Complaints
MEASURED PARAMETERS
NAAQS criteria pollutants
(03, CO, NOx, SOx, TNKE,
TSP, Pb)
Bioaerosols
Associated meteorology
VOC
Toxic
Solvents
Solid waste
Trace metals
Miscellaneous waste
Noise pollution
Other (mark to enter a comment)
13. WATER
SAMPLING SOURCE
Biota
Tissue bioaccumulation
NPEDES permits
Surface water
Groundwater
Wells
Drinking water
Irrigation
Sediments
MEASURED PARAMETERS
Criteria pollutants
Superfund
RCRA required measurements
Metals
Pesticides
Other organics
Inorganics
Background data (temp, pH)
Bioassays
Other (mark to enter a comment)
80
-------
14. SOILS
SAMPLING SOURCE MEASURED PARAMETERS
Biological Physical properties
Assays (particle size,
Soil cores CEC, pH, porosity)
Column studies Metals
Model simulations Pesticides
Radiological data Organics
Inorganics
Bacteriological data
Background (temp, RH evap)
Other (mark to enter a comment)
15. FOOD
SAMPLING SOURCE MEASURED PARAMETERS
Duplicate diet Pesticide residues
Constructed diet Dietary information
Market basket
Radiological data
Complaints
Other (mark to enter a comment)
16. BIOLOGICAL DATA
SAMPLING SOURCE MEASURED PARAMETERS
Blood Pesticides
Breath Volatiles
Urine Metals
Adipose tissue
/
Other (mark to enter a comment)
17. OTHER
(Subcom) NEW SUBJECT SUGGESTION:
(Subacc) ENTER ANY ATTRIBUTES OR COMMENTS THAT ACCOMPANY
THIS SUBJECT.
18. ENTERING (18) WILL RETURN YOU TO THE MAIN MENU.
***************************************************************
81
-------
After you have selected a Subject and have marked all of
the associated attributes, you will move on to the Detail
Questions. The answers to these questions should provide
information about the principal investigators, time and
place of the study, and computer equipment involved in the
storage of the data, etc.
If one data set covers several topics such as Hydrography,
Water, Demography, and Infrastructure, enter "2"
(Hydrography) and mark all the associated attributes.
When you arrive at the Detail section, answer all the
questions pertinent to the Subject matter. If it occurs
that the four subjects to be entered are all described by
the same details, then answer the detail questions only
once for that Reference number (data set) . When you are
through entering the details, you will return to the Sub-
ject listing. Enter the next Subject "13" (Water).
Proceed to mark all the associated attributes. This time
when you arrive at the Detail section, enter "E" to exit
back to the Subject listing. Repeat this process for as
many subjects as there are pertaining to this data set.
Of course, if details are different for a particular
subject, please answer the pertinent questions as many
times as necessary. The detail questions are as follows:
On what 'system is this data stored, and how can it be accessed?
STORAGE
(Storage)
COMPUTER
(Computer)
LANGUAGE
(Format)
SYSTEM
(System)
FILENAME
(Filename)
Storage medium on which a copy of the data
can be obtained (e.g., magnetic tape,
diskette, hardcopy).
The name and model of the computer on which
the data set resides.
In which computer language is the data
stored (e.g., ELAS, Standard USGS, ASCII).
The name of the data management system on
which the data set resides, (e.g. ADABAS,
ARC/INFO, dBASEIII) .
The name of the file used to access the
data set. Maintain proper syntax required
by the system on which the data set resides.
This information may be useful if only certain
files within a complete data set are requested
for the EMTS data base.
82
-------
CUSTODIAN
(Custodian)
MODEM PHONE
(Modem No)
OPERATORS NO,
(Phone cus)
FTS LINE
(FTS_CuS)
COST
(Money)
The name of the person or organization who
operates the computer on which the data set
resides. This person is probably not the same
person as the Contact for more information
about the data set but may work in conjunction
with the contact person.
A telephone number of the computer call-in
modem for possible access to data or any
other software that may be used during the
EMTS Project.
Phone number of the Custodian or computer
operator for the system on which data set
resides.
FTS telephone number of computer operator
on which data set resides.
Cost estimate if it is necessary to obtain a
copy of the data set.
Who produced the data or can give information about it ?
CONTACT
(Contact)
AGENCY
(Agency)
BRANCH
(Branch)
ADDRESS
(Addressl)
CITY
(City)
STATE
(State)
ZIP
(Zip)
PHONE NUMBER
(Phone Com)
Name of the person who can be contacted for
more information about the data set. This is
either the person who generated the data or
who is most familiar with the data.
Name of the agency or affiliation of the
Contact.
Name of the administrative unit required to
insure mail delivery to the Contact.
Street address of Contact - number and name
of street.
Name of city for Contact's mailing address.
Two character code of state for Contact's
mailing address.
ZIP Code for Contact's mailing address.
Commercial phone number for Contact: area
code, prefix, and four-digit number.
83
-------
FTS PHONE NO.
(Phone FTS)
FTS (Federal Telecommunication
phone number for Contact: FTS prefix
and four-digit number.
System)
What do you know about the data?
STARTING DATE Date of the first datum in the data set:
(Start Date) mm-dd-yy.
ENDING DATE
(End Date)
Date of the last datum in the data set:
iran-dd-yy
If you do not know the start and end dates or if the dates are
different for the same data set, leave the dates blank and make
a comment about the situation in the space provided.
FREQUENCY
(Frequency)
TIME UNITS
(Timeunit)
Number of measurements or samples per unit
time typical for the data set (e.g., 2 per
week; 1 per hour) . Enter a number only; the
time units go in the next field.
Mark the correct units of time
of sampling or measurement.
codes are given below.
Time units
for frequency
Time unit
DATE COMMENT
(Dateconcr)
GAPS
(Gaps)
Decade
Year
Month
Week
Day
Hour
Minute
Second
A comment field allowing you to comment
on the variation in dates or times
connected with the data set you are presently
working on.
The number of times in the data set where
sampling or measurements were discontinued
and then were resumed at a later date.
REVISION DATE
(Revision)
RECORDS
(Records)
Date of the last revision or update of the
data set: mm-dd-yy.
The total number of records in the file or
data set that correlates to the Reference num-
ber you are presently working on.
84
-------
If you are working with a tabular data set, and if
formation is not associated with it in any way,
(No) to the question below and continue on.
spatial in-
then answer
information is associated with the data but your
not possess it, answer (Yes) to the question below
and indicate who has the information in the ancillary data
section.
If spatial
agency does
MAP
(Map)
SCALE
(Scale)
RESOLUTION
(Resolution)
PROJECTION
(Projectiion)
MAP FEATURES
(Feature)
Does a map accompany your data set, or are
your data represented in mapped form? Y or N
Scale of map, if applicable (e.g., 1:24,000;
1:62,500; 1:250,000) .
The minimum mapping/scanning resolution.
The smallest unit distinguished or represented
on the data (e.g., 1/10 acre, 1 meter).
Projection of map, if applicable (e.g.,
Transverse Mercator), and Plane Coordinate
System (e.g., Universal Transverse Mercator,
State Plane).
Map features: Vector - polygons,lines,
or points; or Rastor - grid cell data.
Ancillary data consists of any complimentary data that is as-
sociated with the data set you are working on. This data could
be Quality Control/Quality Assurance information, Abstracts,
Journals, etc. If your agency does not possess this type of
data but can give information as to its whereabouts, please do
so.
ANCILLARY DATA
(Ancillary)
CONTACT
(An_Contact)
AGENCY
(An_Agency)
BRANCH
(An_Bran)
DIVISION
(An Div)
What type of data may
complement this data set.
be available to
Name of person to contact to acquire the
ancillary data.
Agency for the ancillary contact.
Branch for the ancillary contact.
The branch division for the ancillary
contact.
85
-------
ADDRESS
(An Add)
Enter the Street address, city, state, and
zip for the ancillary contact ir. the
appropriate spaces.
CITY
(An_City)
STATE
(An St) ,
ZIP
(An
Zip)
Where was the study done?
In the following set of questions, please explain to the best
of your knowledge where the data contained within the data set
was collected or to what areas it pertains. If this data set
is a part of a nationwide study but includes the City of Chat-
tanooga or the State of Tennesee, mark those areas that are
pertinent.
STUDY AREA
(Geounit)
AREA COMMENT
(Study_Area)
QUADRANGLES
(Quad No)
The geographical unit in which the data in
the data set is represented (the extent of
the study area boundary). Expected areas
are listed below:
State
SMSA
County
7.5 minute quads
Urbanized area
Census Designated
places
Incorporated places
Unincorporated places
Census tracts
Enumeration districts
Block number areas
Block groups
Blocks
Zip code areas
Households
Point locations
Reach segment
Hydrological units,
(e.g., Watershed)
A character field allowing you to explain any
special circumstances surrounding the study
area boundary.
Quadrangle number - The basic geographical
unit for the EMTS data base is the 7.5 ninute
USGS topographic quadrangle. There are 54
quadrangles which cover the Chattanooga Stand-
ard Metropolitan Statistical Area. All data
sets to be used in the EMTS data base itust be
referenced to the geographical area covered by
that data set in terms of quadrangles. A map
representing the EMTS Study Area is enclosed.
A list of the 54 quadrangles is given en the
following page. Numbers 55, 56, and 57 are
combinations of coverages that are possible.
86
-------
Quadrangles represented in the EMTS (SMSA).
1 Curtistown 19
2 Smartt Mtn 20
3 Collins 21
4 Savage Point 22
5 Mt Airy 23
6 Brayton 24
7 Graysville 25
8 Big Spring 26
9 Tracy City 27
10 Palmer 28
11 Daus 29
12 Benson Gap 30
13 Soddy 31
14 Grasshopper Creek 32
15 Birchwood 33
16 Monteagle 34
17 White City 35
18 Whitwell 36
Ketner Gap 37
Fairmount 38
Daisy 39
Snow Hill 40
South Cleveland 41
Orme 42
South Pittsburg 43
Sequatchie 44
Wauhatchie 45
Chattanooga
East Chattanooga 46
Ooltewah 47
McDonald 48
Doran Cove 49
Bridgeport 50
New Home 51
Hooker 52
Fort Oglethorpe 53
54
East Ridge
Ringgold
Cohutta
Trenton
Durham
Kensington
Nickajack Gap
Tunnel Hill
Sulphur
Springs
Cedar Grove
Estelle
Catlett
Villanow
Valley Head
Dougherty Gap
Trion
Subligna
Sugar Valley
55 Map Quadrangles 1 through 32 are in Tennessee
56 Map Quadrangles 33 through 38 are in Tennessee and Georgia
57 Map Quadrangles 39 through 54 are in Georgia
COUNTY
(County)
County number - There are six counties in
the Chattanooga SMSA. Data sets can be
referenced to their geographical coverage by
county. A list of the six counties and codes
are given in the table below:
County Codes
1 Sequatchie
2 Marion
3 Hamilton
4 Dade
5 Catoosa
6 Walker
STATE
(State in)
The Chattanooga SMSA falls into two states,
Tennessee and Georgia. Data sets can be
referenced by the states covered by the data.
1
2
Tennessee
Georgia
In what capacity is this data used?
USER
(User)
Which agency makes use of the data your agency
holds?
87
-------
USE What do the current users use the data for?
(Use)
IMPORTANCE How often is the data requested or used?
(How_0ften)
Once you have entered a data set into the data base, you now
have the option to return to the Subject Section and to enter
another subject for the data set you are presently working
with, or you can return to the Main Menu and can ADD a new data
set to the inventory.
NOTE: If you have several subjects pertaining to the same
reference number or data set, please complete your entries
while you are working with that particular reference number.
If the case arises whereby you wish to make an addition to a
reference number previously entered, choose the ADD option from
the Main Menu and enter the same reference number but with the
addition of an {A}. For example, the reference number given
previously was (041) . To make an addendum to that data set,
enter (041A). This number will be recognized as an addendum
and will be treated as such in the Master Inventory File.
Once a data set is entered into the database, you may choose
the SELECT option from the Main Menu. This option will allow
you to select a reference number that was entered previously
and to perform the following:
1. Review and change the information you have
entered (right justify your reference number entry).
2. Delete the data set from the inventory.
3. Print a short summary of the information entered.
When you are through entering information, return to the Main
Menu and choose the QUIT option. This will return you to the
DOS > prompt.
********************************
88
-------
The following tables describe the data structure of the EMTS
Inventory File system:
TABLE Dl. Structure for data base; SET.DBF
Field Field Name Type Width
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SOURCE ID
REF NO
TITLE
DOC NO
DESCRIB
DATE RD
STATUS
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Date
Character
2
4
75
20
240
8
10
**Total** 362
89
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TABLE D2. Structure for database: TYPE.DBF
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Field Name
REF NO
SUMKCT
ATTRIBUTES
DCOM
SUBCOM
SUBACC
STORAGE
COMPUTER
FORMAT
SYSTEM
FILENAME
CUSTODIAN
MODEM NO
PHONE CUS
FTS CUS
MONEY
CONTACT
AGENCY
BRANCH
DIVISION
ADDRESS1
CITY
STATE
ZIP
MAILSTOP
PHONE COM
PHONE FTS
START DATE
END DATE
FREQUENCY
Type
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Date
Date
Character
Width
6
2
35
240
50
160
15
20
20
20
20
30
13
13
15
50
30
50
30
20
45
15
2
10
5
13
15
8
8
1
Field
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Field Name
TIMEUNIT
GAPS
DATECOMM
LAST ENTRY
REVISION
RECORDS
MAP
SCALE
RESOLUTION
PROJECTION
FEATURE
ANCILLARY
AN CONTACT
AN AGENCY
AN BRAN
AN DIV
AN ADD
AN CITY
AN ST
AN ZIP
GEOUNIT
QUAD NO
COUNTY
STATE IN
STUDY AREA
USER
USE
USE2
HOW OFTEN
Type
Character
Numpr ic
Character
Date
Character
Numeric
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Width
8
4
75
8
30
6
1
20
15
35
20
25
30
50
30
20
40
15
2
10
20
65
7
2
160
30
50
50
25
** Totnl **
lfU«5
-------
TABLE D3. Structure for data base: COMMENT.DBF
Field
1
2
3
** Total **
Field Name
REF NO
SUB NO
WORDS
Type
Character
Character
Character
Width
6
2
254
263
TABLE D4. Structure for data base: QASTAT.DBF
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
Field Name
SOURCE ID
REF NO
DATE RECD
QA COMPLT
STATUS
COMMENT
Type
Character
Character
Date
Date
Character
Character
Width
2
4
8
8
250
' 100
** Total **
373
91
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APPENDIX E
STATUS OF THE EMTS DATA BASE
The following listing was derived from the Inventory File
on March 1, 1987. The listed items are the reference
number/agency code, the status code, the title of the data set,
and the abstract which briefly describes the data set.
Prospective EMTS users should ask for the most recent listing
if they plan to use data within the EMTS data base. Once on
the mailing list, EMTS users and participants will periodically
receive updated summaries of the EMTS-data inventory.
The EMTS Data Set Inventory File can be queried easily
through the use of the EMTS Query Program. EMTS users and
participants will receive a copy of the Inventory Master File
and the Query Program on diskettes. The Query Program allows
users to review all of the information that is stored in the
four files of the inventory system and to print reports by
using their own personal computers.
92
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Ill NO. STATUS
TITLE
DATA SET KSCfilPTIDK
01 1 L4*t
01 2 EMt
01 3 EF«7
01 4 EF4J
01 5 i
01 6 1 .
01 7 EF*
01 6 EKfe
01 9 E4*
01 10
Hamilton County Point Source Data
Set m>
Naiilton County Ambient Air duality
Data Set UN)
Piney Hoods Voc and Air Toxics
Study
Haul ton County Area Source
Emissions Inventory
Huian Population Exposures to
Coke-ovens Atmospheric Emissions
Chat.School Children Study:EHects
oi Community Exposure to ND 2
Tennessee-American Hater Company
Mater Distribution System, Beneral
Index
Tennessee-American Hater Company
Hater Distribution Syste*, Details
Beologic Hap of Horthmt Beorgia
Beologic Hap of Beorgie
This data tet contains technical froze-
information for Mission classification and
point source emissions data used for me; ing
dispersion and assuring ordinance comi..ance.
This data set contains emissions date ised
for odor control purposes, hazardous «ste
site cleanup (monitoring), and to deter, point
source ordinance violations.
Data is used to monitor air quality am
industrial sites, in the Piney Hoods «';i, and
is cataloged data for future reteren:i
Data contains information for open Din.ng
policies and for pollutant attainmer.
analysis.
Data contains general reference mater:*!;
only.
Data (published literature) used for a*neral
reference material.
This data set contains 5 general inde: maps
of the principal wter distribution svr.ei
for Hamilton County, Tennessee, Kith
elevation details and a full layout c- the
•ater treatment plant are included.
This data set is an extension of its noei
data set (017;. It details the uncle
distribution system including the braoe;
that feed other independent utility
companies.
Data set consist o-! one map of the ex:n:ng
geologic formations in Catocsa, Dadt. anc
Halker Co. Included are cross and
columnar -sectional views of the
This data set is an expanded version i~ data
set 1019 in that it covers the entire 5:atŁ
of Georgia.
93
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01 11 EU
01 12 E4*
01 13 ES5A
01 14 E4*
01 15 E4;
01 16 E4*
01 17 Ett
01 IB E4*
01 19
01 20 ESl-Ss
01 21 ESBSs
Slope Hap of Georgia
Mineral Resources Hap of Beorgia
Hydrologic Evaluation for
Underground Injection Control in
North Beorgia
Coal Deposits on Sand and Lookout
Mountains, Dade, and Halker
Counties, 6A.
Buality of Coal Resources
Underlying Sand and Lookout
Hountains, Beorgia...
Analyses of Coal froi Northwest
Beorgia
Petroleum Exploration Hells in
Beorgia
Ceramic and Structural Clays and
Shales of Catoosa County, Beorgia
Ceramic and Structural Clays and
Shales of Cade County, Beorgia
01 22 EK-i
Contributions to the Paleontology
of Northwest Beorgia
Beology and Mineral Resources of
the Paleozoic Area of Northwest
Beorgia
Beology and Mineral Resources of
the Northwest Buarter of Cohutta
6uad.
This data ftt contains one lap depict 119 the
elope characteristics of the entire State of
Georgia.
This data set details the statewide useral
resources of Georgia.
This data set contains 16 plates of geologic
•nd hydrologic data for Lade, Walker, and
Catoosa Counties in Beorgia.
This data set details the resident CM:
reserves on Sand and Lookout Mountain:, ana
core sample analysis data is also provided.
This data set gives in-depth analyse; cf core
saiples taken froi the above areas, ar: this
data is as current as 1979.
This data set contains core saiple It-ration
•aps and a detailed table of all the cnemical
analyses obtained during this study.
This data set contains a map and
descriptive information on petrol em test
Nells in North Beorgia.
This data set contains a up and descriptive
information about the geologic formations
within Catoosa County, Beorgia.
The contents of this data sets are
practically identical to those of dati set
tOUB with the exception of the numbe- of
geologic samples taker and, of course, the
quadrangles involved in the study.
This data set contains a map and descriptive
information on the paleontology of tte North
Beorgia Counties within EHTS.
This data set contains a map of Northwest
Beorgia and descriptive information
concerning cheiical analyses of the fiieozoic
and geologic formations of the regie?.
This data set details the geology an: mineral
resources of the Cohutta Quadrangle.
94
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01 23 EStV
01 24 E5E5&
01 25
01 2b
01 27 EDS*
01 28 ED5A
01 2? ESD5*
01 3t> ED5*
01 31
01 32 ED5A
01 33 ED5i
Zonation of thr Middle ind Upper
Ordovician Strati in Northwest
Georgia
Geology and Mineral Resources of
the Da It on fiuadrangle,
Georgia-Tennessee
Streaiflow Haps of Eeorgia's Major
Rivers
Geology and Groundwater Resources
of Catoosa County, Georgia
Geology and Groundwater Resources
of Halker County, Georgia
Hater Use in Georgia by County for
I960
Availability of Hater Supplies in
Northiiest Georgia
finality and Availability of
Groundwater in Georgia
Hater Use in Georgia for 1980 - A
Preliiinary Report
Monitoring Hell Construction for
Hazardous Haste Sites in Georgia
The Characteristics of Georgia's
Hater Resources and Use/Control
Factors
This data set contains fossil forwtior ups
•nd related data for North Georgia.
This data set contains detailed geologic and
topographic data. The naie of the data set
is tisleading as there are no 7.5-tincte
quadrangles by that naie in the EHTS study
area, however, the coverage includes tke
tohutta quadrangle.
This data set gives very general initiation
on the He* patterns oi the tajor rivers in
Georgia. This data set §ay not be cri tuch
value to EHT5 as there is very little
eiphasis on northwest Georgia.
This data set contains taps and descriptive
intonation about Hater resources trot around
1956-9. This data set »as published in 19o3.
This contents of this data set are analogous
to those of data set 0126.
This data set gives 'census-like* data on
statewide and county-by-county statistics on
industrial, couercial, residential, and
agricultural water distribution. This data
set was published in 1982.
This data set contains highly detailed
tables, charts, and laps on Hater quality,
flow, and general availability. This data set
Has published in 1976.
This data set is siiilar to data set 0129.
It nas published in 1976.
This data set is a inch tore general version
of data set 0126. It wy not be of fc.-:h USE
in the GIS database.
This data set gives general specifications
for installing •onitoring Hells at hazardous
Haste sites in each of the geologic regions
of Georgia.
This data set contains qualitative
intonation on the streai characteristics of
the geologic regions of Georgia.
95
-------
01 34 ED5*
01 35 EK*
01 36 ED5A
01 37 EDS*
01 36 EDS*
01 39
01 40 ESS;
01 41 ESS*
Annotated Bibliography of Georgia
Geology, 1945-1970
Annotated Bibliography of Georgia
Geology, 1971-1979
Bibliography and Index of Georgia
Geology, 19BO-19B2
Flood Hazard Literature - Annotated
Selections for Georgia
Geologic ant! Mineral Resource Hap
Index of Georgia
Daisy-Soddy-Falling Mater Utility
District Hater Distribution Systei
Sale Creel Utility District Mater
Distribution Systei, General Index
Sale Creek Utility District Hater
Distribution Systei, Details
This data stt it i bibliography of grclogic
studies performed between 1965 and 1970.
This data set is a bibliography of geologic
itudies performed between 1971 and 1979.
This data set it a bibliography of feclogic
studies perftrted fro* I960 to 1982.
This data set is a classified bibhoraphy of
all types of flood hazard publication.
This data set is a regionally classified
bibliography of geologic and linerai resource
•aps for the State of Georgia.
This data set contains one layout tr- the
above Mater distribution systei in haiilton
County, Tennessee.
This data set contains a single bluesnnt of
the Sale Creek Utility District «iU general
•ater routing information.
This data set contains three (3) detailed
blueprints of the systei described t> data
set 0140.
01 42 ES5;
01 43 ESS*
01 44 EDS*
Hi«son Utility District Hater
Distribution Systei, General Index
Detailed Flood Studies in Georgia:
Index Nap, 1982
Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of
the Upper Bangor...Lookout fltn.,
6A-TK
This data set contains one blueprint of the
Hater distribution systei belonging to the
Hixson Utility District.
This data set contains one double-sides lap
depicting general flood hazard areas in North
and South Georgia. Also noted on t»e tap
legend is information for acquiring specific,
detailed flood hazard reports.
This data set is a biological assa> on the
history of the Lookout Mountain are*.
01 45
Sources of Flood Data for Georgia
Counties
This data set contains laps and ctr:a:t
intonation concerning detailed flex* studies
in Georgia by county. The Georgia counties
in ErlTS havs been excerpted froa tr;f coiplete
docuient fcr easier handling.
96
-------
01 46 EB5*
01 47
01 4B ESS
01 49 Ł4;
01 50 E4*
01 51 1
01 52 1
01 53 1
01 54 1
01 55 1
Hi.)or Eletent Analyses: An Aid to
Differentiation...treat Vilify
Carbonates
Status Report: Miste Dispowl Site
Assessment Accomplishments tor FY
1984
Signal Mountain Water Distribution
Systei
Malker County Rural Mater and Sewer
Authority, Beneral Plan
Kensington Mater and Seier
Authority, General Plan
Chattanooga Interceptor Sewer
System Industrial Maste Discharge
Monitoring
Industrial Haste Discharge
Sen-Monitoring Data
Stori Sewer and Overflow Survey
Data Set
Chattanooga 1SS Flo* and pH
Monitoring Data Set
Moccasin Bend Nastewater Treatment
Plant Effluent Data Set
This data ut contains the Analytical results
Irw several elemental studies irJormed in
North Georgia over the past few decades.
Some of the data contained in this study is
pertinent to EHTS.
This data set contains tome general lite
infortatitxt (location, general conditions,
etc.) on projects reviewed over the past
three years. Hi thin the EHTS study area, only
one site is identified.
This data set contains one layout of the
Signal Mountain Utility District. Primary
water source is the Tennessee-American Mater
Company.
This data set contains one blueprint oi the
general layout of the above agency s rural
•ater distribution systei coiplete lith
dimensions and valves and fire hydrants
clearly noted therein.
This data set contains a Georgia Highway Nap
upon vhich the liiits of the water systei
have been roughly sketched. The accuracy and
completeness of this data set is
questionable.
This data set contains indepth point source
water discharge •onitoring data. This is the
first of several large databases maintained
by the City of Chattanooga Interceptor Sewer
System.
This data set is analogous to 1015! with the
exception that the data is generated by
individual industries and submitted for
comparative analyses.
This undigitized data set contains data on
the municipal storm sewer with et;nasis on
points of overflow in the systei.
This digitized date set contains information
on sewer systei flow and pK monitoring data.
This data set contain; all of the effluent
data from the discharge points at the
Moccasin Bend Mastewater Treatment Plant.
97
-------
01 56 1
01 57 1
Ir * inert) Mastetater Treatment Plant
Effluent Dati Set
Tennessee River Monitoring Data Set
This data let ii analogous to 10155 mtt some
•inor eiceptions as noted in the foil or. no
information.
This data set contains inalyses of wc.es
taken froi the Tennessee River at designated
locations in Haul ton and Marion Counties,
Tennessee.
04 1 L34E/E
04 2 14
ETM HAPBASE, ETAK INC.
DYNAHAP, BEDBRftPHlt DATA
TECHNOLD6IE5 (6DT)
Urban transportation data bases. Used tar
automotive navigation.
A digital data base consisting of an urcated
and expanded dm file including information
such as addresses, zip codes, street nmorks
etc.
04 3 14!
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT
KNDIVILLE-ftLL CENSUS BUREAU
PUBLICATIONS
UTK is reported here as a source to bt
considered as suppleiental to the U.S. census
bureau. UTK houses all census bureau
publications, and data may be obtainec tor a
lesser cost than thru the bureau.
04 4 145
04 5 15
04 6 L«7
04 7
04 E L5f
TENNESSEE STATE DATA CENTER - ALL
CENSUS-BUREAU PUBLICATIONS
19B2 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE, EPA
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
DONNELLEY HARKETINB DEMOGRAPHIC
DATA BASE
CENSUS BUREAU'S URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNINB PACKASE
AMBIENT AIR 6UALITY HDNITDRINE
SITES
TSDL is reported as a source to be
supplemental to the U.S. census bureat. Host
census bureau publications tay be obtained
through the TSDC tore efficiently thar
through the bureau.
Source is digital version of statistic*'.
tables relating to agricultural productivity
by county. Hardcopy of this source i:
available at the UNLV Library. Tapecat ie
bought though the census bureau or obu:ned
free of charge thru EPA DPF.
Digital data base consisting of detographic
statistics reproted by block group,
enuteration district, and tract levels.
Digital tape is a special tabulation c- I960
census date tailored to the SHSA consisting
of deiographic and transportation pat'.fnt
and projections.
Source is a listing of monitoring sitt;
reported in a table format mth SOIE
associated attributes about the site. This
source does not include sampling date.
98
-------
04 9 IS' F1IED STATION AMBIENT HATER
MN1TOR1NE HETHORk. SITES
04 1C L5T LIST OF ALL ROUTINE RADIOLOGICAL
SAMPLING SITES
04 11 35»EA» Raster Reach File
06 1 L*F
06 2 L«T
06 3 1
06 4 LJ*
06 5 1
06 6 1
06 7 1
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM;
DIGITAL LINE GRAPH (DLG)
LAND ENVIRONMENTAL SUITABILITY
SYSTEM (LESS)
SPOT HSS SATELLITE DATA
ACT.I ABANDONED HAZ.HASTE
SITES-LANDFILL SAND GENERATORS OF
HAZ. HASTE.
MISCELLANEOUS CIS INFORMATION
USES COAL RESERVE DATA BASE INCRDSi
AND ABANDONED UNDERGROUND COAL
MINE*
Source it < luting of nnitoritf tites «ith
tote associated Attributes about the site.
This source tees tot include uifhng dit*.
Source it a listing of sampling tites nith
associated attributes about the site. Source
does not iaclidt saapling data.
A tape that contains the data for all
reaches, shoreline, segments, ant! boundary
segients in the Reach File. There is one
record for each reach (66,186 records). Tape
is non-labeled, phy.seq., fixed bioclt=5170,
ASCII, LRECl*5l7.
Digital Elevation Values for the D!TS SM5A.
These data wre autotated large!* troi USES
7.5' topographic quadrangle aapi.
Digital line data on political
boundaries,transportation,and hyrography for
computer data base. Available jr. 7.5 and
1:100000 scales. 1:100000 scale K.E does not
have political boundaries.
Haiilton county pc ERDA5 data base. Gross
resolution, but aulti-layered.
Satellite lultispectral scanner data, 20
•eter by 2<> teter pixels (resolution), and 60
ki by 60 ki scenes. The satellite lay be
prograued to acquire data over a particular
area for any season the buyer desires.
Haiilton and Marion county infortation in
Chattanooga. Sequatchie information is in
Knoxville. Source said position;: accuracy
is less than 100 feet. 1975 to present.
TVA has performed several lini- EIS projects
Mithin the TN Valley Authority. None of
the TVA projects encoapasses the entire 5MSA.
Hoiiever, soae of the inforiatior lay be
useful later as individual proje:ts are
perforaed.
UTC GeoEciences Dept. IE a contrartor for
USBS. The NIf.DB Here not availa:le at the
initial contact. Haps of the abrdoned
underground coal iines are availatle froi
UTC, Geosciences Dept. UTC only source of
SOIE info.
99
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06 6 I
EC WC* 1C DATA - HAH it TON COUNTY
06 10 1
06 11 1
06 12 1
06 13 1
07 1 1
07
07 3 1
07
07
07
4 1
5 1
6 2
6EOLD61C NAP N/ MINERAL RESOURCES
AND DIL-6AS HELL
CAVES/SPR1N65
GEOLOGICAL AND 6EODHENICAL
EN5INEER1NE (DETS) DATA
TN PRODUCTION HATER HELLS
USFS STREAK FLW
Manufacturer's Data Base
Federal Underground Injection
Air Pollution Sources Compliance
Status
CROP REPORTING BOARD COMPUTER MEDIA
Health and Scientific/Technical
Intonation
Storage and Retrieval of Hater
Related t/ata
I960 census data for: industrial sites,
available office space, «|ts, shopping
centers, employment, key business indicators,
and companies that etploy 100* people. (Han;
2200 diskette avail able;
Also included in saps: wgnetic intensity
contours, 100 yr. flood lines, sinkholes,
landslides, and water veil locations. (TN
Div. Ecology bulletin 79 part II, published
1976.
On microfilm. 576 data points trot 1970 to
present. Digitized on paper-base toco laps,,
some info was not field checked. Car sort on
13+ variables. TN Cave Survey proprietary
inio. Hay be used with permissior,.(IBr> Pi AT
diskettes)
Information available for specific
construction projects only: Nickajack,
Sequoyah, Chickamauga, Raccoon Mtn.,
Chattanooga Office Complex. (NOTE: a comment
states that ill data must be 're-entered*.
35 08'57' B5 39'59' Hhite City quai!, Bizzard
Cove 100NH, a line reclamation study. Also a
gaging station on Suzannah Branch just out of
area 35 26'36* 65 13'36' Brayton quad, TVA
IlllNk
100
-------
07 7 1
07 6 1
07 9
07 10
07 11
07 12
07 13
OB 1
OE 2 1
OB 3 1
OB 4 1
OE 5 1
OS 6 1
OB 7 !
OB 6 1
OB 9 1
OB 10 1
OB 11 1
OB 12 1
OB 13 1
fertility Studies
National Pollutants Discharge
Per lit 5
Fuels Inspection it Service
Stations
Truck Noise Data
Heteorlogical Data
Census Data
Geographic Data
Chat.Haste Discharges Part 1,
Upstreai iroi the City Hater
Co.Intake
Chat. Haste Discharges Part 11,
Downstreai froi the City Hater Co.
NPDE5 COHPLIAHCE HDN1TDR1NE
Air duality Monitoring (Primarily
the NAK5 network)
Air Eii55)DDE Data
EMISSIONS SIPS INPUT
SLABS TSP SITE AT ROSSVILLE
RCRA DATA
CERCLA DATA
CERCLIS
PESTICIDE ESTABLISHES
NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY
HATEF, SUPPLY t IND-HUN D1SCHARBE
HAF 4 LIST1N5
Enforcement I Periitting
Enforcement t Periitting
Compliance monitoring I Monitoring
Establishing SIPS
Emissions updates,Input to SIPS
Input to a nonattainment SIPS that mas ended.
SIPS,etc.
Enforcement data
Data for CERCLA remedial action,cor.'.'ol V
clean-up, and site screening.
Registration of pesticide establishments.
101
-------
W I I
Model State Information Systn
09 2 1
09 3 1
09 5 1
09 6 1
09 7 1
09 G 1
Permit Compliance System
Municipal Sewage Treatment
Inventory (BUST)
09 4 1 Tennessee Hater Hell Driller's
intonation Systei
Eiissions Inventory Systei
Agricultural Intonation - Catoosa
County, Georgia
Agricultural Intonation - Dade
County, Georgia
Agricultural Intonation - Halker
County, Georgia
Contains lit* ised for tricking of public
Mter system; cotpliincr nith the federal
and state safe drinking Mter act. Includes
violation dates and types as well as |eneral
facility intonation.
Contains data used to linage the National
Pollutant Discharge Ehlination Systei
(NPDES) progru. Included are facility
intonation and data for tracking periit
intonation, compliance status, and
enforcement status for each facility.
Contains operation, maintenance, personnel,
and facility information data for all
municipal «aste*ater treatment plants in
Tennessee.
A repository of Hell site, well driller, and
pump setter data. Included are well location,
type, Hell description, and assorted
cheiical, geological, and managerial
information on Hater nells condtructed in
Tennessee.
Contains facility names, locations, process
operations, and estimated annual air
pollutant emissions in tons per year for
facilities permitted to discharge pollutants
into the air. Also included are permit
application processing data.
A sumiary of information gathered through
verbal communication Hith the Catoosa county
Agricultural Extension Agent, Steve
Moraitalis. included are data on the number t
type of farms, as Hell as a map depicting
locations of individual farms
A summary of information gathered through
verbal communication vith Mr. Mickey
Cumiing, the Dade county Agricultural
Extension Agent. Includes a map of fan
locations, limited distribution data, and a
bulletin: Georgia Agricultural Facts.
Sumiary of information gathered froi verbal
coiiumcation with Walker County A.E.S.
Agent, Hike Bunn. Hap of general fan
locations, agricultural practices, and
general trend: occuring in the Georgia
agricultural industry.
102
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Agricultural Information • Hmlton
County, Tennessee
09 10 t
Agricultural Information - ftarion
County, Tennessee
09 11 1
Agricultural Intonation -
Sequatchie County, Tennessee
09 12 1
Hospital Discharge Data for
1982-1985
09 U 1
Air Duality Data Handling Systei
Several mips from Ham. Co. Soil Conv. Svce.
•tiling list of each fart in count*
Agricul. practices info.
•nd intonation gathered fro* verb*'.
communication «ith Joe Nickels, the iaeilton
county Agricultural Eitension Servia Agent.
A collection of taps fro* the Harior Co. Soil
Conservation service. 1982 Census ir
Agriculture. Hailing list for ever* tan in
Han on county. Information gatherer not
verbal communication vith Hilliai full, the
Harion Co. A.E.S. agent.
Contain: information gathered froi «trbal
communication mth Bo Freeman, the iequatchie
county Agriculture Extension Agent. Includes
limited farm management and distritition
information, and a map depicting in::*idual
farm locations 11976).
Contains hospital discharge data fir t»o
Chattanooga area hospitals. Period avered is
19B2-19B5. Names and other persona!
identifiers have been removed from each
record. There is one file for each tospital.
Contains air quality monitoring dats
collected from a number of differer:
agencies. Data includes collecting agency,
location, sampling type, parameter'.
colection I analysis method, and vr^ous HEDS
data flags.
103
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Summary documentation
Agency code
The first numbers of the data set identifica-
tion number identifying the agency that entered
the data.
Participants gathering data.
01 Chattanooga-Hamilton County Air Pollution Control
Board
02 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las
Vegas
03 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Research
Triangle Park
04 Environmental Research Center (Las Vegas)
05 EPA Office of Toxic Sustances (Washington D.C.)
06 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co. (Las
Vegas)
07 Northrop Services, Inc. (Research Triangle Park)
08 Region 4 (EPA, Atlanta, GA)
09 Tennessee Department of Health and Environment
(Nashville)
10 Tennessee Valley Authority (Chattanooga)
Reference No.
Title
Descri ption
Status codes
A number given to a data set as identification.
This number is entered by the participating
agencies and is usually sequential.
Title of data set.
Abstract of data set.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
E)
L)
R)
A)
B)
C)
S)
P)
D)
Data inventoried only.
Printout of data on hand.
Data available in digital form.
available in hardcopy only.
transfered to a VMS file.
entered into ARC/INFO.
Assurance completed.
hand at the ERC.
hand at LEMSCO.
hand at RTP.
Data
Data
Data
Quality
Data on
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
on
on
needs review.
in review.
review completed.
Spatial (maps) included with data
Partial coverage of MSA on hand.
Documents included with data.
104
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