TEST NUMBER 72-MM-26
FMC CORPORATION
POCATELLO, IDAHO
PEDCo ENVIRONMENTAL
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PEDCo- ENVIRONMENTAL.
SUITE 8 • ATKINSON SQUARE
CINCINNATI. OHIO 45246
51 3 / 77 1-433O
TEST NUMBER 72-MM-26
FMC CORPORATION
POCATELLO, IDAHO
Prepared by:
Norman Kulujian, P.E.
and Richard W. Gerstle, P.E,
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Contract No. 68-02-0237, Task 15
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 3
III. PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 12
IV. LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS 18
V. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 21
APPENDIX A - DATA SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE,
FLUORIDE AND P?0 RESULTS WITH EXAMPLE
CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX B - GASEOUS RESULTS WITH
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D - FIELD DATA
APPENDIX F - LABORATORY REPORT
APPENDIX G - TEST LOG
APPENDIX I - PROJECT PARTICIPANTS AND TITLES
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I. INTRODUCTION
Under the Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended, the
Environmental Protection Agency is charged with the estab-
lishment of performance standards for stationary sources
which may contribute significantly to air pollution. A
performance standard is based on the best emission reduction
systems which have been shown to be technically and eco-
nomically feasible.
In order to set realistic performance standards, accurate
data on pollutant emissions must be gathered from the station-
ary source category under consideration.
The FMC Corporation plant in Pocatello, Idaho, was
designated as a well-controlled stationary source in the
elemental phosphorus reduction industry and was thereby
selected by GAP for an emission testing program. This
plant has two briquet calcining kilns at this location,
which provide feed to four electric reduction furnaces. Each
calciner is equipped with two parallel, low-energy scrubbers.
Testing was conducted before and after the No. 1 scrubber
serving the No. 2 calcining kiln during the period of
September 20 to October 3, 1972. Samples were collected to
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determine the filterable and total particulate emissions,
fluorides, P90 , and nitrogen oxides at each sampling
^ D
location.
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II. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
A total of seven runs were made during the testing
period for the determination of total and filterable
particulates, fluorides, P 05/ and nitrogen oxides. A run
consisted of the simultaneous collection of an isokinetic
sample at the inlet and outlet of the No. 1 scrubber serving
the No. 2 calciner, and the collection of a sample in an
evacuated flask at each location for the determination of
nitrogen oxides. The first three runs were for the deter-
mination of particulate emissions, while the remaining four
were for the determination of fluoride and P?0c emissions.
The results of particulate, fluoride, and P 0 sampling
are summarized in Tables 1 through 4. Scrubber efficiencies
are calculated in Table 5. Table 6 presents nitrogen oxide
results.
There is no explanation for the large difference between
inlet and outlet flows. No pattern was established such as
the inlet or outlet consistantly displaying the higher value.
No adjoining duct was positioned between the inlet and outlet
sampling sites that allowed entry or exit of an air stream.
The calciner is a continuous operation, but in some
instances problems arose with the operation or testing procedure
A discussion of events is described in further detail as follows
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TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF PART±CULATE RESULTS
Run Number
Inlet, Scrubber No.1, Calciner No. 2
1 2
Date, 1972
Volume of Gas Sampled-DSCFa
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature-°F ,
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-DSCFM
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-ACFM
Percent Isokinetic
9/20
57.68
0.16
539
81,500
182,000
105
9/20
56.81
11.1
518
68,600
169,000
122
9/21
49.57
9.2
517
68,200
167,000
107
Avg.
68,500
168,000
Particulates-probe, cyclone
and filter catch
mg
gr/DSCF
. gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton feed
Particulates-total .catch
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton feed
Percent impinger catch
683.4
0.183
0.0817
128
884.4
0.237
0.106
165
23.2
3213.8
0.873
0.355
513
3679.1
0.999
0.406
588
12.6
2444.1
0.76
0.311
445
2545
0.791
0.328
463
3.9
0. 816
0.333
479
0.675
0.365
526
8.3
Dry standard cubic feet at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Actual cubic feet per minute.
Results from Run #1 not included in average
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TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF RESULTS, PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Outlet, Scrubber 1, Calciner No. 2 .
Run Number
Date' 1972
Volume of Gas Sampled-DSCFa
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature-°F ,
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-DSCFM
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-ACFM
Percent Isokinetic '
Particulates-probe, cyclone
and filter catch
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton feed
Particulates-total .catch
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton feed
Percent impinger catch
9/20
45.53
16.5
140
64,300
101,000
99.2
199.9
0.0676
0.0428
37.3
415.6
0.141
0.0893
77.7
52.0
9/20
56.31
16.7
140
85,700
135,000
92.2
591.6
0.162
0.102
119
1043.4
0.285
0.181
210
43.1
9/21
60.43
20.6
140
79,900
134,000
106
187.4
0.0478
0.0284
32.8
568.6
0.145
0.0865
99.5
66.9
Avg.
140
76,600
123,000
0.0925
0.0577
63.0
0.190
0.119
129
54.0
Dry standard cubic feet at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Actual cubic feet per minute. . .
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TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF RESULTS, FLUORIDE AND P 0 LOADING
Inlet, No. 1. Scrubber, .Calciner No. 2
Run Number
Date, 1972
Volume of Gas Sampled-DSCFa '
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature-°F ,
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-DSCFM^
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-ACFM
Percent Isokinetic
Fluorides, Total
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hour
P205, Total
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hour
9/22
52.21
8.13
473
72,100
167,000
. 107
12.22
0.00361+.
0.00156+
2.23+
24.30
0.00718+
0.00310+
4.44 +
10/02
29.16
4.46
576
77,600
190,000
N/A*
62.9
.03328
.01357
22.1
53.70
0.0284
0.0116
18.9
10/03
27.438
14.6
609
69,500
196,000
133
280.2
0.1576
0.5590
93.9
51.3
0.0289
0.0102
17.2
10/03
18.31
12.3
593
63,100
171,000
97.9
139.9
.11793
.04353
63.8
64.4
0.0543
0.0200
29.4
Aver a ere
563
70,600
181,000
,10294
,20537
59.93
.0372
.0139
21.83
b Dry standard cubic feet at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
c Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg,
Actual cubic feet per minute
* Two nozzle sizes .used-during test.
+ Not included in average calculations, see discussion.
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TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF RESULTS, FLUORIDE AND P 0- EMISSIONS,
Outlet, Scrubber'No. 1, Calciner No. 2
Run Number
Date, 1972
Volums of Gas Sampled-DSCFa
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature-°F ,
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-DSCFM^
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate-ACFM
Percent Isokinetic
Fluorides, Total
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hour
P205, Total
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hour
1
9/22
20.4
140
76,300
128,000
102
0.
0.
0.
0.
6.72
00187
00111
1.23
21.2
00591
00351
3.87
2
10/02
22.2
140
58,400
99,700
105
12.76
.00444
.00160
2.22
15.00
0.00522
0.00306
2.62
3
10/03
22.8
142
75,800
130,000
113
33.14
0.00893
0.00519
5.81
27.4
0.00738
0.00429
4.80
4 .
10/03
22.4
142
55,600
95,500
94.3
7.19
0.00297
0.00172
1.42
17.8
0.00735
0.00428
3.50
Avg,
141
66,500
113,000
,00647
00241
2.67
00647
00379
3.70
Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Actual cubic feet per minute
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TABLE 5. SCRUBBER EFFICIENCY DATA SUMMARY
Constituent
Run No. Inlet(Ib/hr) Outlet(Ib/hr)
Particulate,
total catch
1
2
3
165*
588
463
77.7
210
99.5
Efficiency
Fluorides,
total
P2O5, total
1
2
3
4 .
1
2
3
4
2.23*
22.1
93.9
63.8
4.44*
18.9
17.2
29.4
1.23
2.22
5.81
1.42
3.87
2.62
4.80
3.50
90.0
93.8
97.8
Average 93.9
86.1
72.1
88.1
Average 82.1
Not included in average, see discussion.
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TABLE 6. SUMMARY OF NO RESULTS, CALCINER NO. 2
TEST NO.
1A
IB
2A
2B
3A
3B
4A
4B
DATE
'1972
9/22
9/22
10/2
10/2
10/3
10/3
10/3
10/3
SITE
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
STACK GAS
VOLUME
SCFMa
72,100
76,300
77,600
'. ... .5:8. ,4,0.0 . ;. . .
Inlet | 69,500
g
Outlet | 75,800
i
Inlet
Outlet
63,100
55,600
NO EMISSIONS
PPM ^
272
260
271
396 .
308
294
280
86
LBS/HR
140
141
149
165
153
159
126
34b
Average
Average
Inlet
Outlet
142
155
At standard conditions of 70°F and 29.92" Hg. , dry basis.
Not included in average, process down when sample taken.
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Particulate' Test 1 •
The inlet sampling team had problems with supporting
long glass probes in sample box in addition to thermal
expansion of probe. Sample box clamp arrangement altered
to give probe more stability. Broken probe may have allowed
ambient air to enter sample stream. Results of inlet sample
are questionable. When comparing moisture and particulate
loadings to results from Tests 2 and 3, the values were
appreciably lower. Therefore results from Test 1 are not
included in the summary (Table 5).
Particulate Test 2
Calcining kiln was down for 20 minutes during test.
Particulate Test 3
This test was run without any problems.
Fluoride Test 1
The original sampling train reagent, containing 10
percent NaOH, crystallized in the outlet impingers. The
filters and impingers were replaced to complete the test.
Because of this difficulty, the results of this test are
felt to be in error and are not included in the averages.
Fluoride Test 2
The NaOH concentration was reduced to 2.5 percent to
avoid crystallization. Substitution of a smaller diameter
nozzle on the inlet probe allowed reduced sampling rate
and eliminated the clogging problem. The glass probe was
still breaking due to duct vibration or the thermal expan-
sion between the stainless steel and glass. It was im-
possible to pinpoint the time of breakage.
Fluoride Test 3
No complications arose during this test. However,
sampling rate was 33% too high at the inlet location.
Fluoride Test 4
Scrubber went down at beginning of test. Flow rates
in the stack increased during the test. The sampling rate
on the outlet train could not be maintained. Filters were
repeatedly changed in an attempt to pull an adequate flow
rate. Acetone rinse portion of the outlet sample was lost
in laboratory.
10
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NO Tests 1, 2, 3, 4
No problems arose during the NO tests except for
the invalid results obtained at the outlet on Test 4.
The EPA process engineer inadvertently told plant operator
that testing was complete and the process was shut down
before the sample was taken. The scrubber did not remove
any nitrogen oxides.
11
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III. PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The FMC Corporation plant at Pocatello, Idaho produces
elemental phosphorus for shipment to other locations for burning
or production of phosphorus trichloride. The plant has two
calciners which provide feed to four electric reduction furnaces
in the form of calcined briquets. In addition to phosphate ore
( 24% P^OC-) the furnaces are fed bituminous coke and silica.
Plant capacity is about 145,000 tons per year of P..
Moist, crushed furnace feed is briquetted and fed onto a
continuous grate calciner where it is dried, partially fused,
and volatile components are driven off. Most of the fluorides
present are driven off in this feed-preparation step. Briquets
are carried at 3-5 feet per minute along the calciner. Burning
CO gas (from the reduction furnaces), and supplemental LNG as
needed, impinges on the 18-inch deep bed of briquets and heats
them to about 2400°F. After going through the approximately
80-feet long calcining section, the briquets pass over a cooling
section of about the same length. Air is pulled through the
bed of hot briquets and either returned to the calcining
section as preheated secondary air or exhausted-
Each of the two calciners is controlled by two low-energy
scrubbers in parallel. The two scrubbers are the same except
that excess secondary combustion air from the primary cooling
fan is vented to the No. 1 scrubber at a point before the
12
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calcining fan. Since the No. 1 scrubber serving the No.
2 calciner was tested, the following information applies
only to it.
A 500 hp calciner fan pulls heated air and combustion
products through the bed of briquets. The pressure drop
across the bed is 4-6 inches H?0 , depending on the feed
characteristics. Exhaust air then enters the scrubbers at
a rate of 77-92,000 SCFM. The scrubber operates essentially
at atmospheric pressure. Each scrubber is followed by a
demister. A 250 hp scrubber booster fan follows the demister,
and final exhaust is through an approximately 90 foot stack.
The scrubber is equipped with three internal rotors which.
throw the scrubbing solution up into the moving gas stream.
The CaO scrubbing solution enters the system at the demister
tower and immediately behind the No. 3 rotor. Make-up water
is introduced under each rotor-and mixing of water-and slurry
is accomplished by the action of the scrubber rotors.
The scrubber lime slurry is prepared at the No. 1 calciner
which is some distance from the scrubber tested. The lime is
fed from a silo into a mixing tank, mixed with water, and
pumped to the scrubbers. A timer-controlled valve on the
slurry lime cycles the scrubber feed. Make-up water flow is
13
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continuous. Attempts are made to hold the scrubbing liquor
pH at 5 to 8. This is controlled by the speed of the slurry
feed timer cycle. The control of the pH was not very well
attended during testing.
In order to protect the lining in the scrubber, water
sprays are provided on the inlet ductwork to the scrubbers.
These sprays are activated when the temperature of the inlet
gas stream gets too high. These sprays were off during all
except the first test.
A total of 7 sampling runs were made. A run consisted of
the simultaneous collection of a sample at the inlet and outlet
location. Three runs were made to determine particulate
emissions and four were made to determine fluoride emissions.
One of these four runs was not completed and was discarded.
Nitrogen oxide samples were collected at each location during
each run. The following discussion covers the process operation
during each run.
Run 1. September 20, 1972
Just prior to the run, the No. 2 burner fan was taken
down for repair. This unit was back in operation by the time
testing began. From the beginning of the run at about 1100
hours until 1500 hours, the emergency water sprays in the
inlet scrubber duct were on. Estimated flow rate was about
10 gpm. From 1500 to 1530 the sprays were off. The scrubber
pH was 2.3 until about 1430 when the slurry feed equipment
was repaired. The scrubber pH then rose to above 7.'
14
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Run 2, September 20, 1972
At 1955 the grate drive motor overloaded and kicked
out for about 15 minutes. Sampling was discontinued for
about 5 minutes of this period. During this minor upset,
the sampling crew on the inlet side noticed a noisy passage
of coarse particles. Also particulate collected on the
sampling train filter at this time appeared to be larger.
In such upsets, the calciner is not shut down. Only the
burners are cut back to prevent overheating. Consequently,
there is only a short lead time in returning to normal
when the grate is again put into operation.
Run 3, September 21, 1972
The pH when checked this morning was low. Although
the operator's log did not reflect this, it had evidently
been low for some time. Discussing this with plant personnel,
it seems that the lime slurry circuit- is prone to plugging
and that the plug is not discovered quickly. After the low
pH was brought to the plant's attention, it was brought up
to 6.0
The calciner was shut down for repairs to the feeder
at 1230. The calciner was back in service at 1530. Sampling
was begun at 1630 when feed rate and operating temperatures
were back to normal.
During the test, the scrubber pH fluctuated from 2.3
to 5.5+. During most of the run, the pH was 5.5+. Litmus
paper was used for these pH measurements.
Fluoride Run 1, September 22, 1972
Scrubber pH was spot checked at 0830 and found to be
5.5+. Operator's log showed the pH was 3-4.5 during the
preceding night shift. Calciner was down due to malfunction
from 1030-1100. The system was down again from 1130-1300
when a pallet jumped the track. At 1310, the calciner was
back in operation. Testing began at 1330.
Fluoride Run 2 (discarded), September 26, 1972
At 1555, testing was begun. Although the process
appeared to be operating normally, there were constant
problems with the sampling trains. Apparent clogging of
the sampling lines and erratic velocity profiles were
unexplained. Because of these difficulties and inclimate
weather, the tests were terminated and the run was discarded.
15
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Fluorides, Run 2 (Repeated), October 2, 1972
Scrubber water make-up had to be increased part way
through the test because no overflow was occurring. Loss
of water around the No. 3 rotor shaft leaked enough make-
up water such that the rate was increased from 100 gpm to
140 gpm. This rotor also appeared to be turning slower.
A .small amount (less than 1%) of natural gas was fired
during this test.
Litmus paper was used to periodically check the scrubber
water pH during testing. While this indicated a comfortable
pH of 4, a check with a pH meter indicated it to be only
1.8-2.2.
Fluorides Run 3 , October 3, 1972
The pH was checked with litmus paper and it again
appeared to be high. The No. 3 rotor was not working due
to either a frozen-up bearing or slipping belt. In addition
water was being fed into the scrubber under the No. 2 rotor.
Normally it was fed in through the demister and a lower flow
is put in under the rotors. The water line under the No. 1
rotor was cracked and useless. These flow changes should
not significantly affect the scrubber performance. Testing
began at 0945. The pH was found to be low again. Problem
was traced to the lime feed being shut off. Feed was
restored at 1120. A belt for No. 3 rotor was installed
half-way through the test, but the rotor was now buried in
sludge and would not turn. The scrubber was taken down to
free the No. 3 rotor after testing was concluded. At this
time a bearing was replaced.
The only process upset occurred at 1145 when the grate
speed and heating was cut back 15 minutes due to a feed loss.
Run 4, October 3, 1972
All rotors were working and the leakage around the No.
3 rotor had been reduced. Scrubber water pH was still
difficult to maintain. First, the lime slurry pump went
out. When this was repaired, the pH on the tested scrubber
did not increase. In contrast, the pH in the No. 2 scrubber
was 7.6. Having confined the problem to the scrubber, the
operator spent over an hour trying to get the pH up. Success
was limited to keeping it at a barely acceptable level.
Towards the end of the run, the pH was being maintained
above 5. the scrubber pH for the last three fluoride runs
are summarized below:
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TABLE 7. SCRUBBER SOLUTION pH
Run No .
2
3
4
30
3.40
2.90
5.25
Minutes
60
2.25
3.50
4.50
into
90
2.35
2.25
3.25
Run
Composite
2 . 20
2.20
4.90
17
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IV. LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
Figure 1 shows the sampling locations at the calcining
kiln scrubber inlet and outlet. Sampling points are noted
in Figure 2. As shown, at the inlet of the calcining kiln
scrubber, the inlet samples were collected at 40 points, 10
points horizontally along each of 4 ports in the rectangular
horizontal duct. The outlet samples were collected simul-
taneously at 32 points (16 along each diameter) in the 79.5
inch diameter vertical exhaust stack.
18
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EXHAUST FROM
CALCINING KILN
NO. 2
18'
98",
15
4'
50.75"!
k
0
O
O
0
\SAN
one
ROTATING DISC
SCRUBBER NO.l
PORTS (A.)
GROUND LEVEL
INLET SITE
52'
NE
O
NW
79.5"
SAMPLING
PORTS (B
OUTLET SITE
Figure 1. Calcining kiln scrubber sampling sites, F.M.C. Corporation,
Pocatello, Idaho.
, : . .-,"»fe-.,»J^'' *«•
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SAMPLING TRA\
PORTS
. 6.25-^J
A T
12.75"
+ _
-<
12.75"
+_
—
12.75"
D — L—
1
o
0
o
o
1
2
o
o
o
0
3
o
o
0
0
4
o
o
o
o
5
0
o
0
0
6
0
0
o
o
7
o
0
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
9
o
o
o
o
• 0
o
o
o
o
FROf
i
f
\
c
50. 75"
TRAVERSE POINT DISTANCES
FROM INSIDE OF STACK, inches
4.9 6. 53.9
2. 14.7 , 7. 63.7
3. 24.5 8. 73.5
34.3 9. 83.3
5. 44.1 ' 10.' -93.1
CROSS-SECTION OF KILN SCRUBBER INLET
to
o
'*•;.. .
TRAVERSE POINT DISTANCES
FROM INSIDE OF STACK, inches
1
2
3,
4.
5.
6,
7.
1 .3
3.9
6.8
9.9
13.4
17.5
22.5
8. 29.8
9.
10.
11 .
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
49.7
57.0
62.0
66.0
69.6
72.2
75.6
78.2
CROSS-SECTION OF KILN SCRUBBER OUTLET
Figure 2. Calcining kiln scrubber sampling sites with location of sampling
points--F.M.C. Corporation.
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V. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Particulate sampling and analysis was conducted according
to Method 5, Federal Register, V. 36, N. 247, December 23, 1971.
In addition, the particulates collected in the impinger portion
of the train were recovered and analyzed for mass. As specified
in this procedure, the stack gas velocity was determined by
Method 1, Federal Register, V. 36, N. 247, December 23, 1971,
and the average gas molecular weight was determined by Method
3 using an Orsat apparatus.
Because of poor sampling accessibility at the outlet
location, a flexible unheated Teflon-connector, approximately
9 feet long, was used to connect the sampling probe to the
filter holder. The connector was cleaned with the same brush
used to clean the heated glass probes at the outlet.
The EPA project officer requested a water and acetone wash
on the front and back half of the sampling train. This
added a probe water wash to the conventional method of recovering
the sample.
Nitrogen oxides were determined by Method 7, F.R. December
23, 1971. Fluorides and P-CU were determined by isokinetically
extracting a sample of the stack gas using the basic train and
procedure as described in Method 5 for particulates. However,
21
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this train was modified such that the probe was followed by
three Greenburg-Smith impingers containing 100 ml of 10% NaOH,*
an empty straight-tip impinger, an unheated three-inch
Whatman #1 filter paper, and finally an impinger containing
approximately 200 gm of preweighed silica gel. The impinger
train was placed in an ice-water bath. As was the case during
the particulate sampling, a flexible Teflon connector was used
to connect the probe to the first impinger at the outlet
sampling location. A diagram of this train is shown in Figure 3,
Sample recovery consisted of measuring the volume increase
of the impinger contents and the silica gel weight gain, a
triple water rinse of all components from nozzle tip to filter
holder, and a triple acetone rinse of all components. The
impinger contents, filter, and the water rinse were combined in
one glass sample jar, and the acetone rinse was placed in
another sample jar.
In some instances the pump used to obtain an Orsat sample
was not properly working. The EPA project officer agreed to
assume a molecular weight based on previous samples.
Fluorides in the sample were determined by the Spadns-
Zirconium-Lake Method, and the P?0,_ content was determined by
the ammonium molybdate procedure.
*100 grams NaOH mixed with a liter of water.
22
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U)
STACK WALL
Heated
Glass Probe
Flexible Teflon
Connector (outlet
train only)
Paper
Filter
Thermometer
Manometer
Modified
G-S Impingers
G-S Impingers
Thermometers
Control
Valves s—^Vacuum
Gauge
Check
Valve
Manometer ' =
Umbilical
Cord
Figure 3. Fluoride and P20C. Sampling train.
-------
FILTER
/ FLEXI
BLE TEFLON CONNECTOR
HEATED
GLASS
PROBE
(OUTLET TRAIN ONLY)
THERMOMETER
|_ I 100 ml . OF WATER
THERMOMETERS
y
L&-2K
ILICA GEL^
UMBILICAL
CORD
CALIBRATED ORIFICE
CONTROL
VALVES
VACUUM
GAUGE
-Hh
MANOMETER-IE
Figure 4. Particulate sampling train.
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